4~~~~~~~~~~' i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 4 g~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A ~~~~~~I.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~~~~~~~~i~~~~4:rbd:s E~ r~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ b'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;;s::~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ 4: PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY MICHIGAN IBY 0 ROB ERT F. ELDREDGE TOGETHER WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF MANY OF' ITS LEADING ANI) PRONINEN I CITIZENS ANI ILLSTRIOUS I)EAI) ILLUSTRATED CHICAG(): 'TH S. 1. CLARKE PUB,ISHIN; C). 1905. DEDICATED TO THE PIONEERS OF THE COUNTY PREFACE In lpreselting to the public this vol:ume of history and biography, the publishers have no ap)ology( to mlake. They believed the tille ripe for sulch a work. They were fortunate in securinug' the services of Robert F. Eldre(lge to prepare the general history, and the reade(r will agree with lis that is well done. In its prepalration Mr. Eldredge had the benefit of 11much valuable Illaterial left 11among his papers b)y the late Judge James B. El dredge, whose love of pioneer 1reminiscenees an(1 industry in collecting data relative to the history of the e locality where he spent his life were well known, and( who himself playedl no silall I)art in the making of the history of the county for ulpwards of forty years. It was the plan of Mr. Eldredge to searchrl the original records whenl possible and to slupp)lemient tlhel by information obtaline( from) o1( residents a(lnd flrom articles prepared by othiers for reading before i'ioneer Societies and other gatherings, and the entire o'round of the history of the (county and its social, industrial and political progress is covered as aiccurately as possible, and as fully as titme and space would permit. The biograpihic-al sket(ches are of special interests, our corps of writers having gone to the people, the 1l(me and wo( ienl who have, by their enterprise and industry, brought this county to a rankll secoIind to none iamong those coilprising this great and noble state, and front their lips have the story of their life struggles. No m1ore interesting or instructive lmatter coul(l be presented to an intelligent public. In this volnulle will be found a record of iimany whose lives are \worthy the imitation of colnig generations. It tells how some, colillllenlcinll life in poverty, by industry and econiioiy haIve accumulatedc wealth. It tells how others, with linitelCd Cadvcllantages for seelurilln(g an edull(cation, have become learned lel and 1woilmein, with ainl influence extendlling throughout the lengthl a-lnd breadth of the lalnd(. It tells of men who have risen from theo lower walks of life to eminence as statesmIen, and whlose naiels have become famous. It tells of those in eveiLr walk in life who haive striven to succeed, aind1 records how that success has usually (cowneVid their efforts. It tells also of many, viey iiiany, who, not seekitng the applause of the wxorld, have pursued the '"even tenor1 of their way, content to have it said of them, as Christ said of the woman performingi ' a deed of ml:ercy-"rThey have done what they could."' It tells how many, in the pride and strellgthl of yougll manhood, left the plow and the anvil, the lawyer's office,and the ('coultig'-rl'()1, left every trade and profession, llad at their country's call went forth valiantly "to do or die," and how throuogh their efforts the Union was restored and peace once more reigned c in the land. Ini the life of every man and of every woman is a lesson that should not be lost upon those who follow after. Coimiin g glenlerationls will appreciate this volume and preserve it as a sacred treasure, froml the fact that it contains so much that would never find its way into public records and which wxould otherwise be inaccessible. Great care has been taken in the compilation of the work and every opportunity possible given to those represented to insure correctness in what has been written; and the publishers flatter themselves that they give to their readers a work with few errors of consequence. In addition to biographical sketches, portralits of a numnber of representative citizens are given. The faces of sonie, and biographical sketches of many, will be missed in this volume. For this the publishers are not to blamiie. Not having a proper conception of the work, some refused to give the information necessary to compile a sketch, while others were indifferent. Occasionally somie lmenlber of the family would oppose the enterprise, and on account of such opposition the support of the interested one would be withheld. In a few instances men never could be found, though repeated calls were nade at their residence or place of business. August, 1905. THi-E S. J. C LARKE PUBLISHINS IIG C O. I I c~7A c? u BIOGRAPH IICL ROBERT P. EILDRED(GE. Iii the, towni of Greenwich, -Washingtoni county, New York, in 1808. was l)orl to James 1B. Eldredge (born, Argyle, New York, 1785; (lied, 11amilton, New York, 18635) his oldest, son, Robert P. Eldredge. In the winter of 1814-15 the famiily remuoved to LeIbanon, M.ladison connty, Nw York, where Robert P. attended the contry~m school and acquired the love of niatnre and of the sylvani sports that recmaiiied with lime alt through life. lie stmuiied to prepare for college ait the Ilalimiton Academy. but owing" to the death of his anotlier andl the consequenit brealkiug u11p of the fia ally hie wA-as unable to carry out his fattier's ear I.IVpilans of a, liberal educationi. Ilie tanght school amd studied law in the office, of Stowe & (Arridle, a'rt Hamil11ton), until the spigof 182 wfi~ en,. a Itt-ra eted byT a- ci re ulah rd(escribinm othe 'ad-l vantagges of Mlichilgai, hie sta rtedol foi l Dti oit. lie trav'eled Imy: stage to Rochiester., Ib- Canlallpacket to Buffalo an11d from there bv stamner Supeior, the, latter- portioli ol tine trip occup~yiilgo thiree (layvs1 time fI on1 Buffalo to D~etroit. Ilie reachlcd the list named port May~ 263, 182(3, his miat( lia1 W ( ditl consistiiig of tenl sluiino11 s and his AA11lliworni clothing. Ile ta tight School III M1l( of thy po-or-debtors' -roonis of the old stoiie Jail, dliid studied law inI the office of Ilteiiry S. Cole thcat suimmer anld titei went to P~itititc, where lie, supported liisei 1)yteachin shool, copying (leeds, etc,., 'in the register's office until jnfly, 1827, ]in the meinc timi improving every opportimity f )r stuildying. InI that month hie wATalked to Mount Clenmets, his future hiomle wxhere hie Continued his legal studies, while earning his living-, inutil his admission to Bra ictle -at then bar iii thie fall o)f 1828. a-fter 'tn examination in open coulrt in IDetroit. He used to relate, as illustrative of Detroit's lack, of metropolitan ways in those (lays, that inogoing froin Uncle Ben 's Steamiboat Hotel, where lie lodged, to the old capitol to tak โ€”e his exa~mination hie, did not. meet a lpedestrianl. 11 etunrinuig to MA.ount Clemens, Mr. El(hredge hunig out his shingle-the first lawyer in Mlacomb county-and from that time until hie, retired from practice becanuse of age a,(nd lpoor health in the late '70'slhe was an active and fearless leader in the legfal profesSi0o1 engag(ed in n-eajrly every imiportant case at the Mlacomb county bar for many yer, anid also a frequent practitioner at the S~t. (la~ir. counlty andi other courts. lie was associated as a partner with the late Honi. ("iles hlubbard for fifteen years and later wi-th his sonl, James B3. Eldredge, for nearly twnyyears. Ilie died at his home in Mlount Clemens, in Novemnber, 1884. M fr.Eldredg,(e was always an ardent supporter of the principles and candiidates of the D~emocratic party; an enthusiastic lover iif hunting11, fishing), and sports that brought him 'into close touch with nature; a deep stlident hie, reg-arded the law as a grand scienice and it lractice ennobling" When coupled with integrityN and uprightness like,-.his own; firm. and unyielding in his opposition to wrong) as hie saw it and fearless in his (lenuniciation of trickiery and dishonesty, he wvon an enviable standing in the coimmunity. In February, 1882, he, was elected lirosecuting at1torney and ini Februa~ry. 1842, lie was appointed secretary of state by Glovernor Barry, a. position lie held for four years. Elected to the state senate in 1846, he attended the first session of the legislature held in 8 PAST AND PRESENT OF MAACOMB COUNTY Lansing, then.just selected as capital of the state. In October, 1831, Mlr. Eldredge married I.ouisa, daughter of Charles C. and Catherine Crittenden, who were anmong the earliest settlers of Maconmb township, this county. To then were born Catherine, who now lives unniarried in Chesterfield, this county; James B.; and Caroline, wife of Colonel Judson S. Farrar, of Mount Clemens. His first wife dying in 1841, Mr. Eldredge married, in 1849, Jane A. Leonard, daughter of Silas and Margaret (Berdan) Leonard, pioneers of Lenox, this county. Emily M. Eldredge, only child of this second marriage, died at the old homestead in Mount C(lemens unmlarried, December 29, 1900. JAMIES 13. ELI)DRED(GE. James B. Eldredge, son of the foregoing, was born at Mount Clemens, November 25, 1834, educated at the schools of Mount Clemens, Romeo Acadelmy and the University of AIichigan, at which latter place he graduated in June, 1855. tie began his legal work as clerk in the office of Eldredge & Hubbard at Mount Clemens at once after completing college, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1858, at the MIacomb county circuit, Judge (reen presiding. Like his father, he was a faithful follower of Jefferson and many were the services rendered by him to the democratic party and many were the honors that party conferred on hihm. In 1862 he was elected a nmember of the state house of representatives; in 1864, 1870, 1872 and 1874, prosecuting attorney; in 1876 and 1880, judge of probate; and in 1893, circuit judge. Besides filling these offices, Judge Eldredge served the village of Mount Clemens as recorder and president, and was for many years a member of the school board of trustees. The unselfish devotion of Judge Eldredge to the cause, his skill in quieting differences, his untiring industry, and his recognized ability made him unusually influential in his party's councils and won him the admiration and enthusiastic support of Macomb county's democracy. IIe was their choice for congress in 1886 and received their votes in the convention, and their disappointment when St. Clair county refused to unite with them in nominating him as circuit judge in 1887 led to a reversal of the then normal six hundred democratic majority in the county to a republican one of about that size. The sincere and numerous expressions of regret from all parts of the county when ill health compelled him to retire from the position of circuit judge in 1899, testified emphatically to the esteem and affection in which he was held by all without regard to party. The members of the bar of St. Clair county, too, where Judge E1ldredge frequently held court during his term were equally warmn and eloquent in their tributes to his worth, and at a banquet and reception tendered hiln on his retirement they presented him with a fine gold watch and chain, suitably engraved, as a testimonial of their feelings. Politics and office-holding were not allowed to exclude the practice of the law from Mr. Eldredge's life and the years from his admission to his assuning the judicial ermine were crowded with legal work. The firml with which hle was connected, whether Eldredge & Hubbard, R. P. & J. B. Eldredge, or Eldredge & Spier (1883-1893), was always one of the most prominent and busy firms of the county and Judge Eldredge was ever recognized as a power in the courts of this county and state Nor did Judge Eldredge allow his profession to absorb his attention to the extent that any one who had a wvorthy plan for furthering the industrial, social or educational progress of the city or county ever found him too busy to listen or too indifferent to advise and aid. lie mwas an enthusiastic student of farming and an active worker for the improvement of agriculture and of the farmer's condition. He was a director of the Mount Cleliens chamnber of colm:lerce for many years, a nmember of the Masonic lodge and chapter, of the Mount Clemens Club, the "Old Crowd," the M\ount Clemens lHunting and Fishing Club and other business, social and fraternal organizations. The hold he had on the hearts of his friends and neighbors among whom he had spent his life was again irmade evident when two years later, February 18, 1901, he died at his home on Cass avenue, Mount Clemens, mourned by all who knew him. On January 27, 1859, he was married to Helen D. Fitch, daughter of Samuel and Julia A. (Whipple) Fitch, of Albion, New York, who with his two children, Julia L. (born November 19, 1859), wife of Silas B. Spier, and Robert F. (born September 19, 1864), survived him, and now live in MIount Clemens. ROBERT P. ETIDREDGE. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY II R()IBERT F. ELDREI)GE. Robert F. Eldredge, son of the preceding', was b)orn at IMounit Clemens, September 19, 1864; was educated at the MIlount Clemens public schools aind the UTniversity of Michi-,gan. After gra(liatilng fromn the literarv dep)artlmenllt of the university in 1885 he slent one yea r as tine assistant librarian of that institiitioii of learnin, and then took iup the study of law in the office of Eldredge & Spier. lie was admitted to the bar in October, 1888, and since that tilnme has been engaged in the }practice of the legal professioni. lie was p1robate register of the county, 1894-7, alld city attorney of Mo)unt Clemens, 1893-5 a nid 1896-7. lie was in praectiee in Detroit from 1897 to 1901. being all of that time associated with Ilon. Elliott (-. Stevenson, first as an assistant and later as a p)artner. l lpon the ldeath of his father in 1901, lMr. Eldredge returned to Miount Clemens and li has since that time naintained an office here. ilmniediately on his return he was again a)pp)oinItedl city attoriey, a positioii held by him three of tie p)ast four years. NORTO)N L. MILLER. Norton IL. Miller, (leceased, was for manay years a prominent and influential citizeii of Macoimb county and his activitv in bIusiness and 1)olitieal affairs gained him promiliencee that miakes it imperative that he shlould he mnentioned among the representative men of the past. Ile was a native of Berkshire county, Massaehlisetts, 1or l)iecemllber 2, 1815. IIis father, Ozni AMiller, was a native of (Connecticut, and the,'gra(ndfather, Saamuel Miller,.. was a soldier of the lRevolutionarvy wvar, while his father, a native of lngland(1, caie to the new world at an early period iii the developiient of this (oiintryV aMi(d settled iln C(onnecticut. With his family Ozii Miller left.Massaechusetts in 1818 and renioved to Mon roe countyV, New York, c-ettliing about ten lll iles south of the citv of locehester. In 1832 the fainlily took ip1 theier ab)ode ill Riay townishi)p. MaIacomb eouinty, Aiel(higai, where the father followed the oceipatioi of fari'imig u- itil his death, which oceurred in 1840. Norton L. Miller was rearedl underl the )parenltal roof, i1rsulted a I)pbtlic-scbh(ool edlicatioii anld aftervward eigao'ged iin teaching school thirolough the winter months, but (lduriig, the greater piart of the yenr worked at the iller's trade, which h le arned in early life antid which hle follo)wed iontiniuouslv until 1866. In the meantime he was elected to 1)ublic office, being chosen by popular vote to the office of county register of deeds in 1856. lie was re-elected in 1858 and again filled that positioi for two years. Following his retireinent fromn office he purchased the Lakeville mills, in Oakland county, Michigan, in Deceimber, 1861, and engaged in their operation for five years. lie was also postmaster at L.akeville for four years under the appointment of President Lincoln. In 1867 he returned to 5Macomb county and the following' year was elected a nuemb)er of the lichigan legislattire, proving a capable working inmember of the house. His duties were discharged so cap)ably and with such reogard for the welfare of his constituents and for the state at large that he was re-elected in 1870. His course in tle house provedl of marked value to the comnmonwealth and his life record was chairacterized by all that was coimnendable, he being, public-splirited, trustworthy and reliable and actuated at all tiilies bly honorable lpurp)ose. H Is last days were spent in Lapeer county, MIichigan. iHe returned to Mount Cleimiens on a visit and here departed this life,. April 18, 1891. Mrs. Miller died in March, 1888, and both lie b)mm ie(tI i on iho)unlt Clemens cemetery. In early manhood \lr. Mliller was married to MIiss Franmces E. Lewxis, a daughter of Williiani Lewis, who came with her parents to Macomb comity, Michigian, in 1835. The ehildren of this marriage are as follows: Lewis AM. has been a clerk in the government office at Lansing and is now clerk in the holuse of replreseltatives, being official coinpiler of laws of the state o(f Michigan. [Faniie Mi. is thie wife of lenrv E. lRussell of MAloInt (lemens. Abnler P. is also living in MoIunt Clemens. William N. is filling the positio(i of depliity sheriff of o lfaconib counity. Millie is tie wife of Preston Keith of Buffalo, New York. Fred1 C., who enlisted in the reoroganiiz.ed Third Infamlltry of AlMiehiga,ll served with C(omlpa) y I of that comm(an() and died in the Civil war. ARTIwiI J. WARREN, Al. 1). l)r. Arthur J. Warren,s whose prominence in iiedieal circles is indicate(d by the liberal lpatronage accorded him, was born in Flint, Mlichigan, October 23. 1869, his parents being Jesse and AIMary E. (l)exter) Warren. Dr. Arthur J. Warren, reared amid rural 'surronildings, began his education in the pub 12 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY lie schools and afterward attended the Michigan Agricultural College. Hle later entered the Detroit Medical College, from which he was graduated in May, 1893. In 1895 he came to Mount Clemens, where he entered upon the private practice of medicine and surgery, and here he has since remained. He is accounted one of the leading physicians of Mount Clemens and is a member of the State Medical Society and the Macomb County Medical Association. Dr. Warren was married, in July, 1897, to Miss Luella M. Kirkhuff, a daughter of John Kirkhuff of Fenton, Michigan. Fraternally, Dr. Warren is connected with Mount Clemens Lodge, A. F. and A. M., and the K. of P. He is secretary of the Maacomb county pension board. WILLIAM II. LITTLE. William II. Little, living on section 3, Clinton township, was born on the old homestead farm of the Little family in this township, March 29, 1833. Ile represents one of the old and honored pioneer families of the state. Iis paternal grandfather was Robert Little, Sr., a native of Virginia, who came to the west when there were few settlers within the territory of MIichigan. Choosing Macomb county as the place of his location he farmed the land where the city of Mount Clemens now stands. Ilis son, Robert Little, Jr., was born on Harrison's island, in March, 1803, and was reared in Macolmb county amid the environments and scenes of frontier life, sharing in the hardships and trials which fall to the lot of the early settler. Having arrived at adult age he was married in this state to Miss Marargret Dunlap, a native of Scotland, born in the city of Glasgow, whence she came to the new world when a Inaiden of fifteen years. At the time of his marriage Robert Little settled on the land now owned and occupied by his son, Milton Little, taking up his abode there in 1832. Ile cleared and improved this, developing a good property, and upon the old home place he contitued to reside until his life's labors were ended in death, on the 4th of July, 1875. His wife survived him for a few years. In their family were four sons and three daughters. William H. Little spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the usual manner of farmer lads of the period. He acquired his education by attending the district schools during the winter months and through the sunm mer seasons he aided in the work of plowing, planting and harvesting. In 1872 he was joined in wedlock to Miss Margaret Fox, a native of Macomb county, who spent her girlhood days here. The young couple began their domestic life upon the old farm homestead, Mr. Little devoting his time and energies to its further cultivation and improvement. IIe built a good neat residence and developed an excellent farm. In 1890 he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, and their only child Sadie had died at the age of eight years. Following the death of his wife Mr. Little resided for three years in Mount Clemens and was then again married, his second union being with Mrs. Alma Peck, a widow, who was bor n in acomlb county, their marriage taking place on the 18th of July, 1893. Mrs. Little is a daughter of John Tucker, also a native of M1ichigan. Ilis father was stolen by the Indians when a child and carried with them to their camp, but later he succeeded in making his escape and settled in Michigan. John Tucker was the youngest of a family of six sons and two daughters. IIe married Miss Ruth Antoinette Suppore, a native of New York, who was brought to M\ichigtan in her girlhood days and was here reared. Mr. Tucker was a mason by trade and became a contractor and builder, carrying on business along that line in Saginaw, Michigan, for thirty years. Ilis da-uhtelr was reared and educated in Saginaw and was there married to Frederick Peck, a native of New York, in 1880. Mr. Peck was a prominent and influential business mlan of Saginaw for a number of years. There were two children by that union, Catherine and Frederick, both of whom are now students in the Mount Clemens high school. Mr. Little is a carpenter by trade and in early life followed that business for a nu11mber of years. le traveled quite extensively, working at his trade in Omaha, in Denver and afterward in M\exico, subsequent to which time he again went to Denver. Ile also traveled through MIontana and the Red river valley, working at his trade at different times and also engaging in rmining in the goldfields of the different districts. Ite likewise visited the Yellowstone valley and wenst down the river on flatboats with five hundred miners and ranchers. After varied and interesting experiences in the west he returned to his native state and settled upon a part of the old homestead, since which time he has given his attention to agricultural pursuits, and he is to-day the owner of seventy acres of PAST AND PRESENT OF MAICOMIB COUtjNTY I 3 vahlable and productive land on section 3, Clinton township. In his political views Mr. Little is an earnest republican, being the only member of the famlily who supports that party, for the others are democrats, an( in the faith of the latter organization Mr. Little was reared. His study of the political issues and questions of the day, however, has led him to give his support to the republican party. lie and his wife are lmembers of the Methodist Episcopal chllrch of Mount Clemens and are imuch esteemed in the community where they have so long resided. His has been an eventful life because of the experience which he had durin his sojoulrn in the west. Hie has also w-itnessed much of the growth and development of his native county and is here widely anl favorably known. FRANK T. FORTON. Frank T. Forton, who carries on general agricultural pursuits on section 36, Sterling township, was born Febrluary 28, 1867, on the farm where le now resides, his parents being Francis and Guilletta (Trowbridge) Forton. The father was born in Wayne county, Michiganl, August 22, 1832, and was a son of Joseph cand Isabel (Robertjohn) Forton, who were likew-ise natives of Michigan. The grandfather was aI farlmer 1,y occlpation aind in 1838 removed to Maco)mb county, settling upon a farml nowN0 occll)ied by our subject. Here le lived up to the time of his death, which occurrled wher he (was fifty-three years of age. In his fallily were two children who are vet living: Francis J. and John, the latter a mecllhaic, residinl ill Bentonl arbor, i\ichigan. Francis J. Forton hats been a resident of Ma.comb county for sixty years anId has witnessed its developmlent fron a1 wilderness. There were few settlements at the time lie arrived here and amid pioneer environm-ents lie was reared. Ite did most of the work of clearing upon the farm, which is now in a high state of cultivatiol. The famlily home was a loa cabin ulntil a framie residence was erected by Francis J. Forton. Ile prospered in his business uidlertakings, placing many improvemnents upllon his farm-, and also extended its boundaries, becominog the owner of between two and three hundred acres of land. lie entered his farm from the government and performed the arduous task of developing nlew land, but his labors were at last crowned with success and as the years advanced he became a prosperous agriculturist. In 1900 he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed away on the 6th of March of that year and was laid to rest in the Grove cemetery. They were the 'parents of four children: Eva is the wife of Myron Devinney, a farmer residing at Milton, north of Mount Clemens, and they have five children; Elmer Dwight, a blacksmith, who lives at Evert, Osceola county, Michigan, is married and has three children; Frank is the next of the family; and Isabel died at the age of eleven years. Frank T. Forton pursued his education in the district schools and has always followed farming upon the old farm homestead, having in his youth gained practical knowledge of the best methods of tilling the fields, while assisting his father in the labors of cultivating the land and caring for the crops. Ie began for himself when twenty-eight years of age and through his well directed efforts has met with a fair measure of prosperity. On the 5th of June, 1895, Frank T. Forton was united in marriage to Miss Clara Fuller, a daughter of Samuel and Delia (Williams) Fuller. tHer father was born in Michigan and is now a resident of Mount Clenens, where he is employed as janitor of the Alethodist church. Mrs. Forton was born in Lenox township, Macomb county, pursued her education in the district schools and high school of Mount Clemens and for four years was connected with educational interests in Macomb county as a teacher in the schools of Clinton and Warren townships. Mr. Forton gives his political support to the republican party, as does his father. Ile has served as justice of the peace, has been school director and in 1903 was elected supervisor, which position he is now capably filling, being at the present titme,a memnber of the committee on sheriffs' and constables' claims and also chairmana of the drainage cormmittee. Fraternally lie is connected with the Maccabees' lodge at Warren. He is well known as an enterprising farmer and reliable citizen, justly deserving mention among the representative men of MaTcomb county. ROBERT FOX. Michigan offers many opportunities to the men who choose farming and stock-raising as a life work. Her soil is productive and her fields yield a rich return for the care and labor bestowed upon them, and the persisten I4 1PAS'T -5ANDI) PRESENT OF MACO51IB COUNTY Cy of pl)lrp(se aiid llremittiig inidustry displayed in tilhe life of Robert Fox have not failed to secure their best financial reward. Ile is to-day clas;sed with the slubstail tial agriculturists, stock-raisers an1( (lai'vllmenll of (iClinton townlship, his hloili beilng on11 sectioni 9. He was born o)rO this farm, 1December 8, 1854, a soi of (ustavs Fox, who was 1)bo01r11 in lConnecticut in 1810). 'lThe 'grandfather. Joel Fox, also a native of that state, b)ecalme one of the first settlers of Alichigaii, locating, inl Mlacoum)l county in 1827. (lustavus Fox arrived in this county when a young' man and in 1835 he eintered fronm the government a part of the tract of laind on whic h his son )Robert (now resides, thus becominig owner of sixty-eight acres. It was covered with the native ogrowth of timnler, niot a furrow having beeni turned 1or alt imllproveitielit itIade, but he at once b)eganl to hew down)1 the trees and to develop) a farm. As a compl)aiion and helpimate for life's jorney lihe chose Miss Sarah Burnham1 of (C anada, an( they reared their family here. lie reached an advanced ag'e, passing away November 17, 1904, while his wife departed this life June 18, 1895. Rob)lert Fox is the.youongest of a failymil of ei-)ht children, sevein of whom, alre yet livini'. Ile was reared to m)anh)lood iiupo the lhome farm where he still resides, an(l in the honte( school of the lieighborhbrlood he was educated, inasterinMg there the (:(m11iii branches of English learmling'. From his boyhood days he was his father's assistant an11d later he relieved hlis father of the care atnd management of the home p1lace. Ile has iiever desired othelr occupation), buIt has always bleenl content to eii 'ag'e in a(gricuiltural pu)rsuits, and to-day, il connection with the raisimg, (If the cereals best adapted to soil and climate, he also raises some g'ood grades of stock and condulct:- a dairv business, thes'e varied itnterests returll'ing liitn a g'ood incomte. lMr. Fox was married in Mount C(lemtens, ilecember 8, 1885, to lMiss Florencee Al. Teats, a native of AIacombth county, )or1n11 aid reared in Ilarrisoni townshiIp. She is a (laughter (of Edwxax1rd an(d hlarriet Teats, who were early residenits of IIarri'son towiiship, but IMr. Teiats is now livino in IMount Clelelns. AMr. and Mirs. Fox have eight children living': (Gertie, who is a student in the high school. MargaretII.; Burnhamn E.: henrietta Al.: Ethel B.; Robert II. O()live E.; and Alerle A. Mr. Fox exercises his rio'ht of franchise in support of the men and mneasures of the democracy and has beetn elected arid served for three years a'; township clerk. lie has ails been a memIber of the school board for a numiber of years, was school inspector for six years and has done everything' in his power to promnote the cause of education here. lie served on the federal jury in Detroit for a numntber of termis and has been active and influential in public affairs of his locality, standing as the champl)i(on of all prIogressive ineasuires. le lihas witnessed miiarked development in Macolmb county, having seent M[ount Clemi(ens grow from a sitall t(own into one of the iilm,)ortant cities of the state, and he takes just pride ili what has beeni accoinplished }1ere. WILLIAAM GREENSIIIELD)S, M. I). The namule (G reenshields has l oas long been associated withl the pIractice o(f miiedicine in Iacomb) comity, for Dr. Greenshields is todlay onie of the o(ldest replresetntatives of the mitedic:al fraternity here. For forty years he has devoted( his tilite alld energies to the ihplortant work (of alleviating hiumna suffering anmid restoring health, his residence in Romeo datinog fronm 1864. Ile is a native of Scotland, Ills birth haviingi occurred i lI a nark, and il hi youth lie was affo rded excellent educatiolmial advantag es, his plrel milia ry course being supp)leimented by an eigzht years' course itl the lUniversity of (lasgow. Ilavilng thus carefully preiaredl for the plractice of nedicite, he eintered up()on the (Ilties ()f his professionl and for five years thereafter reimainedt ili the (old world. Ihi 1864 lie crossed the Atlantic to) America a(nd liade his way direct to Macaomb county, lMichigan, since which time he has lived in Romeo. lie was sooni well established in lbusiness, having built uII) a lar.g'e practice ini the townxv and throu(gh~out tile adjacent county, giving l)roo(f of his ability in the excellenit results vwhich have attended his efforts. Hle has always mtaiittained a progressive spirit il ConIecti(on with his profession, keeping in touch with adlvaminced( ideas th'rot)ugh readmling ad 11 stoudly, while his owin experienlce has also,greatly pIrlioote(l his efficincy. He tbeloltgs to the Alacommib County and the Northeastern l)istrict Mledical Societies and in his prlactice follows mnod(ern, scientific metho(ls. )Dr. (Greentshields was m:arrie(d i n AIaco()nb county, in 1866, the lady of his c(hoice I:eino' Aliss Mary AMceKay, who was (born mi i Michigan lmbut was of Scotch lieage. IThe y traveled life's.joiu'niey hai1ilily togethler for m)any yeaIrs lbut in 1)90) were sepiarated by I:::: I:~ WILLIAM (X'! EN\S'HIIlEILI)S, AI. -I). PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I7 the death of Mrs. G(reenshields. There are two living children of this marriage: Jean Gray, who is now the wife of C. C. Thorington, a well known lawyer of Romeo; and R. MI. (4reenshields, who is nIow associated with his father in the practice of medicine. One son, Dr. John Greenshields, reached adult age, was well educated in the science of medicine, and was successfully practicing at the tilme of his death, which occurred May 11, 1900, when he was thirty-two years of age. Dr. Greenshields politically is a republican, but has never had aspiration for office, as he has always desired to give undivided attention to his business. I-e is a member of the Congregational church in Romeo and is a Mason, having taken the degrees of capitular and chivalrie in Masonry, as well as those of the blue lodge. Dr. Greenshields has a very wide and favorable acquaintance in the county, his professional services bringing himn into touch with many families and the worth of his character, as well as his ability, has been proven in the many years of his practice here. JOHN IRWIN. John Irwin, who has a farm of two hundred acres adjoining the corporate limits of Mount Clemens, being situated in Harrison township, is of Canadian birth and belongs to that class of men who have sought homes across the border, benefiting by the improved business conditions of the United States with her livelier competition and advancement more quickly secured. Mr. Irwin was born June 10, 1843, and is of Irish lineage. IHis father, John Irwin, a native of the Emerald isle, crossed the Atlantic to the new world when a young man of nineteen years, settling in Upper Canada, near the city of Hamilton. IHe was afterward married there to Miss Mary Walsh, who was likewise of Irish birth. Hle was a farmer by occupation and continued to engage in the tilling of the soil in Canada until his death, which occurred in 1852. His wife survived him for a number of years and carefully reared her children, who are three in number, the daughters being Kate, who became the wife of James Lynch of Macomb county; and Mary Ann, the deceased wife of John Lynch, of Mount Clemens. John Irwin, the only son, was but nine years of age at the time of his father's death. Ile was reared upon the home farm in Canada until nineteen years of age and during that period enjoyed the educational privileges afforded by the public schools. At that titme he went to the city of Erie, Pennsylvania, and became car inspector for the Philadelphia Railroad Company, a position which he occupied for several years. In 1866 he made his way to the oil fields of Pennsylvania where he was engaged in sinking oil wells under contract, and in this way he conducted a profitable business for about a year. He then turned his attention to the butchering business, conducting a meat market at Parks Landing, where he built up a good trade, carrying on his store until 1872. On selling out he removed to Michigan, purchasing the farm where he now resides. This was a place of one hundred and twenty acres and taking up his abode thereon he began its further development and cultivation. He has made some substantial improvements, rebuilding and remodeling the house and erecting some good outbuildings. His buildings and orchard were largely wrecked in the cyclone which occurred May 25, 1896, but he at once set to work to repair the damages and there is now no trace of the wreck which at that time was wrought. Mr. Irwin has purchased more land and is now the owner of two hundred acres which is rich and arable. In connection with general farming he makes a business of feeding and fattening cattle for the market, shipping about a carload annually. Mr. Irwin colmmnenced life for himself a poor man, empty-handed, and hard work has been the basis of his success. As the years have passed he has added little by little to his capital which, invested in his farm, has made him the owner of a very valuable and well improved property. Hle not only owns his home place of two hundred acres in Harrison township, adjoining the corporate limits of Mount Clemens, but also has forty acres of land near New Baltimore. On the 12th of July, 1870, Mr. Irwin was married in Titusville, Pennsylvania, to Mrs. Ellen Devaney, a widow, and a native of Canada. Her father was Martin Devaney, one of the early settlers of Canada, who located near Walkerton. Mr. and Mrs. Irwin have a family of seven children and by her first marriage Mrs. Irwin had a daughter, Maggie, who is now the wife of George Douglas, of Mount Clemens, and the children of the second marriage are: Gussie, who is a capable teacher of Macomb county; John W., city engineer 18 PIAST ANDI) PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of Mouint llllelmns; Edward iM., who ownls and operates a good farm iln Harrison township; Charles P., Kate and George, all at home; and Jallles., an attorney, who is a graduate of the AIichigan IUniversity at Ann Arbor. Since castingl his first presidential )iallot for General MIcClellandc in 1864 lMr. Irwin has been a stalwart advocate of democratic principles, votingl for each nominee at the head of the national ticket excel)t in the year 1872 when lie lost his franchise by moviong to MAichig'an. lie has held several local offices of hollor and trust, serving for fourteen yearsi as highw\ay colmmissioner and also filling the office of justice of the peace. I11 1891 he was elected supervisor and lby reelection filled that office for twelve consecutive years. 'Then again after aln interval of a year he was once more elected alnd is now the present efficient sllpervisor of RIarrison township. Ile has acted on numnerous imiportant committees each year and is a most cpa โ€” ble member of the board. Ile has fre(ulently been a delegate to state and county coniventions of his party and is justly accolllted one of the leading representatives of the democracy in Maiomb county. Ile and his wife were reared in the Catholic faith anld are members of the chlurch inl IMout Clelens. T'HO MAS AIARTIN CR(OCKEIR. IThomaIs M1Ilartin Crocker, ex-judge, was born on the 23dc day of Novenmber, 1825, in the family home at Pawlet, Rultlan d county, Vermiont, upon the farm which his gra(dfather had taken during the lRevolutionary war. 1r. (rocker was descended from the very earliest colonial stock. The first Crocker ancestor, Deacon Willilaml Cr(ocker, calme fromn Devonshire, England, in 163'4, and settled at Barnstable, sMassachusetts, where many of the samle name still reside. From sonme of the lmaternal ancestors Mr. Crocker is descended from stock that came over in the Mayflower. His Ilother's maiden name was MAary Hooker, and she was a mlelber of a very noted colonial famlily and a descendant of Thomas Hooker, one of the most distinguished divines of his time. His ancestors, during the colonial days, were participants in the early struggles and noted for their patriotism. A grandfather and a greatgrandfather fought as soldiers in the war of the Revolution. His people were farmers, but during the war of 1812, when the Brit ish threatenied an invasion of the lUnitel States through the Lake Champlain country, his father, Thonmas Crocker, became interested in m1ilitia lmatters and participated in the traininig which followed the excitement of tihe timies and became a captain of a militia orga nizatioln. Thle sib)ject of this sketch went through the schools of RIutlal d coulty, leaving the )paternal roof in 1844, at the age of eighteen, comling west to take u)p the duties of life oil his own responsibility, workitng with his uncle om a farm iln Ml;acombl county and teachilo school in the winter. In May, 1849, he wais mar ied to Miss Fan(lira E~mory, a dallghter of Aldlrew Ellory, formlerly of Lam1oile county, Vermiont, )lnt an early territorial settler in MAichigan. Iii 1851 Mr. Crocker Io(ve( to NewI Baltimiore, Michignl, with his Iucle, the IHIon. Cortez P. Ilooker, and the following year was elected a justice of the peace and soon a fterv- rd appoinlteld postallster of New Baltimore. TUpoI) assuminglm the duties of his office he b)egan to study law an(l to )lprchase the staniida r leg Ial text-books, being admitted to the )bar it? Jalllary, 1859. Ile was elected priosecultiing attorney of MaIcomll) county, AIichigloan, inl 1862, aind somietiime thereafter moved to lo()unt Clemens, the coumnty seat of Ilacomb c ounlty, goingl into partllership with (iles lHubbard, an old )ractiti(nioLer, ranking a mmiong the ablest trial lawVyels of the state. In 1864 lie was elected ljdge( of probate, serving in this position for four years, at the same time being (onitinually eigaged in active practice. IIl 1867 lie was elected a delegate to the constitutio)al c(onventioln, takinig an active part in drafting a new state constitution. In 1874 he was selected by his fellow-tomwnsmenl as village 1president, in wthich position he was continued four consecutive terms by the munanimous vote of the people. In 1876 he lost the wife of his youth -the mother of his children-who had been a most devoted wife and mother, and later in the sanme year his business partner, Mr. HIubbard, died. Judge Crocker and his sonin-law, H1arry 13. lHutchins, formed a law partnership which lasted until 1884, having law offices both in Mount Clemlenls and in Detroit, and being engaged in a large general law business. In 1884 Mr. Hutchins became connected with the law department of the University of Michigan, of which he is at present dean. Mr. Crocker continued in business from that time alone until 1889, when a partnership was formed with his 1. PAST' AND) PRESENT OF MAC( OMIB ('CONTY 2 21 soi, li8artii, which continuled until 1893, when he I)ecaine collector of custoins of the IIuron district. lii 1889 lie was elected mayor of IMount Clemens, lbeing re-elected in 1890 and 1891. He was imiatrried to 5Irs. Cordelia Sabin, of Miemplhis, Mlichigan, inl 1892; she b)eing a, member of a New York family that mloved to AMichigan inl at early dlay. After taking the office of collecto(r hIe removwed for convenienlce to PI'ort 1,ll 1: where the federal buildilng is l(cated. lie filled this office tmost acceptalbly to the.o'ove( 11re(itt but always having been ail a'rldent dem(ocrat, he retired fromi this )position0 shoirtly after tihe inaugurationi of Presidenit McKinley. )During his forty-fou' yearts of active work at the bar.Jldge C(rtoclker tr'ied:many illiportiant cases and his noamile a(nd face were fanliliaar in the slupreme cou()lrt and in miost of te ircit rts f the circuit courts of te' state, as well as inl the ITUTited States (irc(iit a'tid district courts, bleinig retaiied ont one side or tlhe other foir nearly every impl)(l'rtalt c(aulse inI h}is county for llmost of this ti ilne. 1lis (levotionl to his clients' ca uise, goo(l judgmient, comprelheniisive,,ras)sp of legal priniciples, together withl his thoroug'h knowledge of men and affairst1. 11ade hitt a safe 8adviser a8td, ceoupled with the tretmendouis a11mount of work that he devoted to tlie stl(udy of hlls cases, imaIcde hiut a,Most formi(la1bl)e altag(tllist at t the b)a. hi r. Crockerl was possessed of one of tlhe stron()gest of New England constitutions, stood five feet, ten i:lches. was of sturdy atliletic frame, a 1la8l (of tile appl)learance,. a;til 1)lessed with ta ittost 'getiatl d(isipositioil tad kitdlvy ways. lie was nloted( fior his (iee ry laughter; at tile saite tim lie he was I(possessed of the greatest wealtr adI tear qualities and the amilount of xwvrk and fatiiue that he could do 811(1d go through withl was siitmply p )todigito)s. When tlie tiite for working wa, s (over, he( c(uld lput aside his cares a1d (lduties aildl at onc(e entter init() p)leasantt and genial conlversatitI. Ile wais iiitiiti attly knoxwnv all over his homte ((countty. where his friuends were numb)ered by the tht)ousantd. Ills eine'ertosity ill ca'ryiTiVg tI cat (uise for his clients, regat rdless of finaltcial cIonsideratioMns. coupled with thie a-',greeability of his 11nllner and his nltarlked persoltality., bound his friends to him with the strongest anld war-ilest of humnan ties. IIis last cauise in tile suipreime court was suibilitted in the winter of 1!)902. Ie die(l i)ecember, 8, 1902. in his seventy-seventh year, survived b)y a widow. Cordelia Croclker, and four childrent.l: Mary L. IIntchins, thle wife of Dean1 ltarry B. llutchins, of the Mlichiigan Law School at Ann Arbor; Samuel Crocker, of Algonac, MIichigan, a civil engineer and farmer, who has specially distinguished himitself as Ia railroad engineer, typographer and aIlpi)-miakher; Ilartin Crocker, an attorney-at-law, of Mliount Clemens, Mlichigan, a sketch of whose life appears elsewhere in this volume; and Fandira Cr)ocker, now of Ann Aribor, Michigani, a lady of rare natunrail albility, who was a studeitt of the Miount Clemeiis high school, att Ann Arlbor andl Cornell U1l1iversities, gradIliting front the latter instituttion. She tauight ill tlie Mount (Cmlemens schools for twelve years, it bleing generally considered she was one (of thle best educators who ever worked in the schools of the city. (IEO i(rE W. D O WNNS. (George W. D)owns, al active iand progressive farter to tf Ray townshiVip, living on sectioi 20, was 11ol(r inl St. Clair couinty, 5MichiganI, Jmnte 20. 1852. IIs fathel r Alion l)ownis, waIs hotni in Verimont in 1807 an(1 there s)pent tlie l tdays of his youth atid ac(fluire( Ills edltcation. It early av it11((ood le (calme westwarti to MlliclhigIai, settlinl in St. (.lair coullity altbout 1830. lie was a iechatlic and (,cabiniet-miakler by trade and catried1 on b!usiness inI St. (ttle Ile is mem10tber of the American Jerisey ( ittle C"flub one of the niost. 1iffluenti ml stock~ ( 'usin the tic States. hIls far-m is, situated rehativeix lik e the hub of a, whttl, with spokes five. miles long-, at thle, end of wllhn Iivwe find the followmgf.( citi~es or villages:.Mount Ct101enies, N'ew Baltimore, New Haveix cii latde and Waldheii burg, anti the farii is otil a short distance from Lake St. Chlair Mr.% Nichiols b~elonos,,, to Mlount Clemincs lodoce N.'o. 6, A. F. & A. Mt., in whvucic lie has filled all of the chairs, including- that of mnaster for three years. Ilie is also) a imciber of MAount Clemens chapter, Nc). 69, R. A. Ml.,, cof which he was high priest. He also blelong-s to Xhtount Clemenis council, ii. & S.IL; Damascus counmiianclery, K. T.; the Mfichigan Sovereigan Clonsistory:, the Mystic Shrine; aiic is iiow paticon of the Easterii St-ar of MAount Clefeints le, lik~ewise belong~s to Mfount Clemens tenit, K. 0. T. Ml., to iAlount, CIleeniis Clib, antl to the, Methodist church, to the supJport of which lie hias contributed cotilnuously since twelve years of ag-e. His political alleoiatnce lhas been 2,ivenj to the cienic1oi atie pairty. Oii the 13th of Au mist, 1876, Mr. Nichols was married to Mlary E. Simpson, a tdaughter' of R1ev. Charles Smin)impoim, the wedding cerelinony being pcirfonnicc ini the Methotlist church of MAount ( lciinc i5, her father offi-,ci ating. This buildli n, although removed f rom its oltd site, is still staniding, beinto utsed as a, cooper shop by T'. WN. Snook & Son. 11cr father was a native of New York. Ilie caime to Mlichilgan whien a young boy ten years of age anti lived in S~_hiawasee county, near Owosso, on his father 's farmi uniltil. the timie of his marriage to Miss Frances E. Wolcott, a, native of Cominecticut, after which hie operated the Wolcott farm. for o)ne year. le then eniistetl in the Union army as a. private of the Sixth Michigani Cavalry, fighting under General Cluster for one year. Ilie was then promoted to first lieutenant and captain of Companyi 13, of the Eleventh Milchig~an Cavalry, and served] twvo years in the divisions untler the comiimand of Generals Thomas and Fitzpatrick. I-i took part in, many severe eng(,agre PAST AND PRESENT OF:MACOMIB COUiNTY 33 iments, including the battle of Gettysburg. On olle occasion he iwas taken prisoner and blecolling ill while oli his way to prison was placed in the hospitall at Winchester, Virginia, after which he iwals paroled andl got )back into the Union lines. Following the close of hostilities lie returned to the farmt but after a1 few- years l).an the study of theology and entering the mninisttry took charge of the work at IIollalld, being a six wveeks' cilcfeit. lie is no(w pastor of the Ninde Mtethodist Episcopal church at Detroit. Into \Ir. a r. d rs. Nichols have beein Iorn five children, )but only two are living: (:race E., Iorn Februaryr 28, 1879; and Ailtorin R., born Decemlnber 22, 1898i. Tose deceased are: Charles S., who wa-s born JlJly 8, 1881, 1and died in infanc; Alice Agnes, born (October 24, 1883, (and (lid idl Dece (dler, 188I5 and John S., who vwas born:l Februarv 6., 1896, and (lied in Janulary, 1)902. The remails of the deceased wiere laid to rest in the family vault in Clinton (Grove eenlleterv. I. Nichols is a nanI (cf kitidlyl dispositi(on and of sound judgmlent, the formler endearing hil to Imany friends, while the latter quality has insured his success in business. For many years a resident of MLount Clemens he has a very wide and favorable acquaintance througholut the entire county. In all his l usiness dealing's he has been capable. promp)t, eiiergetic lanid reliable. JOSEPhI Al. ( ROMAN, 1l. D. Joseph L. Cromanl, enlgaged in the practice of medicine and( surgery in IMount Clemens, was borni in Washtenaw countv, Michig(an, Decemlber 4, 1865, his parents being' Joseph andi Christine ( Rheule) CrOIian, natives of Pennsylvania and G(er:imany respectively. The father, a farmer by occupation, caine to Michigan wxheln quite a younlg man, and died in 1867, at the age of sixty-one years. Ilis wife passed awayi in 1898, at the age of seventy-seven y ears. 'The ere were eleven children in the falllily, sevenI of wholi( have reached the age of llaturity. The Cromlan family was originaally of English liineage and the paternal grandfather was a mlemlber of the Society of Friends or Quakers. Many of the Cromllans canme to AMichigan, settling in Jackson county and near Ann Arbor. The mother of Dr. Croman came from Germany after the death of her father, being then a little maiden of eleven years. Dr. Croman pursued his preliminary edu cation in Union school at South Lyon, Michigan. lie afterward spent two years as a clerk in a drug store in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and then entered upon a course of pharmacy in the University of Michigan, being graduated in 1887. IHe later spent two years as a drug clerk in lonia, Aichigan, and subse(luently went to I)etroit, entering the Detroit College of Medicine, from which he was graduated in 18)92. laving thus prepared for the practice of mledicine and surgery he opened an office in Alount Cleiiens and has since )built iip an extensive patronage, gaining the 1)lltulic confidence lby reason of the excellent results whichl have attended his professional labors. In 1896 he pulrsuied postgraduiate work in tIe Nei York t Post-Graduate School Hlospital. Reading and investi)'gation have continilally broadened his knowledge and promoted his efficiency, and he has furthermlore keplt in touch with the advanced thought of the profession through his inmenbership in the County, State and American Medical Societies, and of the first named has been secretary. )r. C(rolilan's fraternial relations are with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., and 1)Dalascus cominandery, K. T., of Detroit. Ile was made a Mlason in Ionia, in 1888, and has alVays been loyal to the teachings of the craft. In 1889 Dr. Cromana was married to Miss Catherine A. (Gibbs, the only living member of the family of three children born to Northlrup J. and Emllma (Davy) Gibbs, the former an architect of Malcomnb county. lie built the courthouse, Media bath house, Avery House, Fenton, and many other buildings in this vicinity. Their children are Helen J. and Joe Meryl. Dr. Crolman is a mnan of fine personal appearance, of genial iannll er, unfailing courtesy and strong intellectualityqualities which, combined with his professional training, have made him one of the leading physicians and surgeonls of M\acomb counity. MAX CHRISTIAN SCHNOOR. Max Christian Schnoor. now deceased, was a man whom to know was to respect and honor, and during the years of his residence in Macomb county he won the favorable regard and good will of all with whom he was associated. -le was born in Germany, November 23, 1819, and was educated in that country. He came to America in 1841, when 34 3PAST AND PR1ESENT OF MACOMB COUINTY about twenty-two years of age, and for a year resided in M ilwaukee, Wisconsin, after which he removed to Detroit, Michigan, where he also spent a year clerking in a grocery store. ()O the expiration of that period he came to New Baltimlnore, w\here he turned his attention to general mlerchandising. ITe also conducted a stave antd hoop yard there and( was the owner of a tanllery, thus becomling active in the collllercial and industrial circles in this place and il his line of bulsiness he was lquite successfull. As he prospered t in his lundertakings h(e invested his surplus capital in farml lands in the vicinity of New Baltimlore alnd aboult 1862 he retired froml active bulsiness cas a Ierichaiit. Ie retained his farms, however, a11( took great pride in impllrovingi these alnd ill supervising the w\ork which was carried oni. The laids were brouglht to a hiogh state of cultivationl, were eqllilpped with good uildilgs and ill fact we(re slupplied with al modern ilprovellents. AIr. Sclhloor was als(o (leeply interested in )public Illeasuelll s that ted(lled to benefit his town or counlltv. 11 fact his was an ideal chlaracter ainl th(e spirit of helpfulness was olle of his mIost mliarked traits. lie had a Iiotto, "I1 elpI the poor anld needyv," which he put illto alllost daily practice. Ilis life was filled with miany acts of kindness and deeds of charity and he was always willing to extend a helping hand to the deserving poor. IIe was entirely free from ostentation or display il his giving andl il fact always avoided plublicity. There were many who benlefited by his beneficeele and have reason to hold hil in sacred reimembi)irance. Mr. Schnloor was married in l)etroit, in 1842, to Mliss Doiis Kleitlfeldt, a daughiter of Franz and Annie (Niebuhlr) Kleinfeldt, both of \whom were natives of (G ermlany. T'hey formed their acquaintantce uIler' somlewhat roimlantic conditions, miieetinl o0i,1 board a vessel on which they were comlin- to Amlerica, Miss Kleinfeldt beinog acco oipanlied by her brother and sister. The acqluaintaince thus formed terminated i in 'arriao'e at )Detroit two years later. Thirteen children were born unto them, but only five passed childhood, namely: Elizabeth, who is the wife of Charles Hubel, of St. Clair, Michigan Christian, who married Mrs. Sarah Van Eps, of Mount Cleinens, and died January 19, 1893: Frederick, who married AMiss Minnie Collins, of Ypsilanti, Michigan, and died December 31, 1898: Caroline, who nmarried Gilbert Hatheway and is living in New Baltimore with her mother; and Eugenia, who became the wife of Dr. A. W. Ives, of Detroit, and died at Nice, France, April 5, 1897, at the age of twentysix years. Two of the sons-Christian and Frederick-were popular in business as well as public life in New Baltimore. Eugenia at a very early age displayed mlarked talent in 11music, both as a pianist and vocalist. She attained a position of promillencle in nmusical circles iln Detroit and studied abroad for three years, spending six mlonths in Leipsic, (:ermllany, under Professor Schir er after which she went to Berlin, and studied under l'rofessors Bart land Mloszkowski, w-ho were her struct instructo i instrumentall 1music, while l'rofessor Jlllills IIey superintended her voice culture. An indication of her talent is given in the fact that while she was studyinlg 1under.Aloszkowski he told her that he could not teach her but could only criiticise her work. After a three years' course abroad she returned to l)etroit, where in 1893 she Imlarried D)r. Ives. She san,' for a num:ber of years in the;Unitarian clnrchl at the corner of Woodward avenue and Ednmond place in that city and at the saiet tille taught both piano and vocal. Inl the spring of 1895 her health began to fail and she wenit on a visit to norther1n Michig'aan '; aftelrward goilng south to Santa Fe, New Mlfexico, where she was mulch imIproved. She then returned to )Detroit for the sulmmelr but in the fall her health began to fail and she xwas sent to Nice, France, but the chanlie did not prove beneficial and she died April 5, 1897, her sister Caroline being with her. Iler remains were interred in the Little EngIlish cemetery, overlooking the MiAediterranleanl sea. The other daultghter, Caroline, is also a tallentted vocalist aind completed a course in the M1ichiglan Conservatory of llsic, iln )Det roit, in the spriing) of 1904. She niow resides at homie with her mother, who, since the deathl of the hush)anl aind father, has e(ootinled to resilde il New Baltimore. DWIG) ( I -I T N. LOWELL. Dwight N. Lowell, )one of the prominent attorneys of M acomnb county anid the oldest in years of conItinuous practice, is equally proininent il public affairs. IIe has wielded a wide influence and has been and is distinctively a man of affairs. Few are better informed concerning the history of this portion of the state and his knowledge is that of active participation in the events which have formed its annals. I) \VI IT N. LOWELiL. I I i =. PAST AN!) P"RESENT OFMCOI COUNTY 3 37 IXA~r. Lowell was born January 13, 1843, onI his father's farm, located in early times by I-lealy, just south of Romeo, anid traces his (lesceut fromt Norman and Scotchl anf~cestry. -Percival Lowell, the American -ancestor, wvas the ninth in dlescent fromi Will~iam Lowell (A. D. 1250) of Yardsley, Somerset county, Eniglanid. His ancestor came over with William the Coniqueror and was ill the battle of I-astinigs. Percival Lowelt. eame to Newbuyport from Bristol, Eng-la id, In 1689, withi wife, twvo sofls and dtaughlter anld alt the Lowells of thls, countrY trace their ancestry through liii. The mnother of Percival. Lowell, a, Percival, tracedI her ancestry through Eudes, Sovercion1 Dlrne of Brittaiiy, to Charles Martel. The great-g~ranidfathier of 1)w-ight N. ljowcli was a, native of -Massachusetts and scrvedi In the siege of Louisburg an(l,in thie levo)intionarly WVa r. The grandcfather,,Josial Lo,(we!l, moved successively to New II ampshlire, Vermont, anid finially to Mlori'ali New York, where the father, Nelson Lowell, wNAas born, InI early life hie wenit west and worked some -years in M\iddleburg-, N'\ew York, for Sanumel EwNIell. wvhose da4 ug-liter,1 Laura, Ewvell, lie imarriecd. The Ewvel is were of Scotch (lescenit anmd trace their ancestry to Johnl Ewell, whlo came froni. Scotha nt 'iiit 87~4. InI 1881 NNelson Lowell, camne to IAiicliigan. settiling( at what was thien kn'ownl as Indlian Vii mila.. lie slillscejncntlyI,7 iii 1842, mnovedi to theli( Inm tlicm knlown as thle H1ealv farm li hNvt(r lie r-esi,(lcd, until hIls (leath, In October 188. Laura Lowell, the m~1othier, l)assedl aw ay at Adriani, Mfichligan, in Februa rv, 1881. InI the territo) mat dIa v s, โ€” Nelson Lowell serve d mI the militia, anld Was eoliim11s'sionled lieutelhulit. There were in this famnily tn o soims a-nd two daughters. Jucsiso (lark, A ho) g-raduated front the tItIuxvii 8t-v ofMmhancls of '59, land wvas fo inmamy ye(ar s pri ncipal of the schools at 4ag~ii1aw and iacksoni, died inI C-hica go in S(eptember 1892; Aim S. Doolittle, who taugh-lt may year s iii the, Adrian schools, has resided there since her mnarriaein 1869; and Mlary L Lowell (lied at Adrian, Michlig'an, in 1902. Dwight N. Lowell, the young-est of the fauilly, passed the early years of his life on the farml, where lie early learned the necessary habits of industry and economy. Ilie attendled the district school in winters until the openiiii-p of the Dickinson Inistitute, in Octoher, 1854, when lie commenced his course of studies ini that instiitution anmh spent the greater p~ortioni of his lprehmaration for eiitering- the university utnder Professor 1). B. Brigcgs aiId D.,J. Poor,. In the fallI of 18632 hie entered the high school at Jackson, theni under the charge of Professor Briggs, an(i conipleted his preparatory studies. Entering- the -University of -Michigan he was goraduated A. B., June 26, 1867. l~e was elected poet of the class during the ssenior year and as such took part in the class-day exercises ait the close of the course. lFollowin g his gr duatiomi lie spent a short time canvassing for life insurance and inl the early fall of 1-867 entered the law office of lion. E. F. Me~ad. Ilie was aintitted to the bar on examination iii open court before lon. James S. tDewey,,June 14, 1869. Hle was clerk of the juidiciary conimittee of the house of in pre(sentatives iii thme regular sessioni of tluh leisature, 1869, and special sessiomi, 1870. Ile opened his office. N oxember 1, 1869, and Ii s since continued in thn Fi(tive practice of his pirofession at Romeo, M ichigawith tie exceJption of six mouths, speimt in the suirveyvor ocemeral 's office at Y mnkton, Dak~otca, where hie was chief clerk. This practice has, been gener-al aiid has calledi hint into imany other couinties, of the state and lie has lbccn engage(l in in any1 iniportant litiogat iOli5 and haks the well earned reputation of lbcing aniong- the best of AfIaeo-mb enmityv's law โ€” yers. Ilie w~as the repub lica i candidate for circuit,judigc in 1899. fle h1as, served thle VIllage of ILomeo as attornley for man81y yea rs an11d wvas for seven years conisecutiyelv its pr~esident anid at oime timre its treasurer-, byv ap~poiittment to fill. vacaiic y. At tme. liresent tinie hie is, president of the Macomb County Bat1 ~Associ:ation. Upon- the -renioval of 1. 1). lanseoni in 1882 Jutdge 'Stevens apjmointed hint to fill out the, ternm as prosecuting attorney of Mfacomb county. Ilie early took ain interest in the schlools, wmas, elected towniship examfiner a.nd siiice 1882 has beeii continuously the direct()r of the Romieo schools. Ile was elected a (lelegate to the republican national convention in 1904, which notminated Theodore Roos~evelt, and for niearly thirty years has beeui a delegate to the repuhblican state convenitions. Iii his career iio public or private trust or (luty has beeii neglected or abused. MXr. Lowell has been twice married,7 first to Nellie J. Hlortoni, September 2-6, 1882, whose death occurred Octoher 26, 1884, and in October, 1899, to M~arion Stone, daughter of Jonathan and Marion Stone, of Romeo. 38 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOIMB COUNTY In religious faith he leans to the Congregational, but is not a nimember of any church. Mr. Lowell has served his Masonic brethren in the capacity of master of the lodge, high priest of the chapter and eminent commander, of the commandery, in which last order he served for nearly twenty years as junior warden. IH IARVEY MELLEN. A strenuous life crowned with a gratifying measure of success; an honorable career characterized by fidelity to duty in all its varied relations-sllch is the history of IIHarvey Mellen, who for miiany years lived in Romeo. -le was born in AMiddleburg, New York, April 3, 1822, and his parents were Lea:ilder and Cynthia (Selleck) Mellen. The father, who was born in lliubbar(lton, Vermont, February 17, 1797, was a farmer by occupaItion and after residing in New York for a time canme to the west, arriving ili Iacoil) ctounty in 18837. lie settled first ill Washington to)wnlship and iii 1841 locatedtl in Lenox township onl a farilm of onlle huniidred and sixty acres, the ilil)pro'veiiielts of which were the work of his haiids. e assistel largely in proimoting the early ag'ricllturaI developlmlent of the cotinty a1(nd1 as one of the p)ioneer settlers aided in laying the foulndaltioi for fture growth anld osperity i his co)1111111111 -ity. He coitinued to follow fariog until his death, whicll occirred in Lenox towntiship ii 1864. In the family were niie children and as the father was ilI rather straightenedt financial circiiimstances it was Iecessiarv that the children should( early provide for their own support. Harvey IMelleii pl)rsiueid his edicationll ill the public schools of his native state and of Michigan, yet his kiiowledge was largely a (quired outside the schoolroom. Although he was il later years a well-informed mani it was due to the{ iiproveinent (of his leisure hours thr(ough rea(lidug, expierieie and investigatio. Wlheii eighteeii yeairs of age he left homne to earn his own livinlg and in 1840 joined a l)arty iider Judge Bllrt, makiig public survweys ill thle upper peninsula of Michigall for four years. Inl 1848 he took a governmnient contract for makingo Ipublic surveys in the iron regions near Marquette and Mr. Mellen was with the corps under Judge Burt when the discovery of iron was made. It was noticed when they were just south of Ishpemling that the soloar coIpaiss needle was flying about in all directions. J udge Burt was amazed and said: "That is wonderful. Boys, look around and see what you can find." Ilarvey Mellen then came up and said: "I have got soime iron."' It was inagnetic iron and was the first indication of the mineral resources of the peninsular state, the development of which has added so largely to the wealth and industrial aiind conmmercial status of Michigant. InI later iyears Itr. Mellen eng(aged in lumbering, formitng a partnership with Charles Tacklles in 1855) and oiperatiing in Inlay township, Iapeer county. In 1871 he was in the same line of business at Fish Lake, Lapeer county, and later at Bagley, Otsego county, and at the tilme of his death was associated with the Stephen Lunlmber Company at Waters, Otsego county. Not only because of his activity in business but also because of his usefulness in other walks of life dlid lMr. Mellen deserve recognitiom as one of the leading, pIrominent and influential citizens of Macomb county and of the state. Ile gave rave endorsemeit aid co-operation to all mieasures which ihe deenmed would prove of beiiefit to his co(01nr111. ity and to the coiiim)oIwealth and(l his aid )()roved a valued factor therceini. Ini his political views he was an o(ld-tiiiie lacksoloianl Idellllocrat, anid ihe could tirace relationslhil) to Aniidrew,Jacksoii, whomn lie mch resI l)emble d in his vigor(' and strength of purlpose. 11e kept fully in touch with the great quiestioiis andl issues of the day 1up to the time of his (leath amd atlvaiiced intelligeiit a rg'uelleit for)' Iis Iprlitical faith. Ile was elected aiid served as a imember of the ho(use of rel)reseintatives from) tlhe second district of MIichiga n front 1889 niitil 189!)2 and as state senator ill 1893-4, and his course as a legislator was ilmarked by a fearless devotion to the right, as lie saw it, anid to a strong oppositioni of every Iimeasulre which he b)elievedl would 1)prove inliinical to the!best interests of the state. In March, 1849, in Macomb county, Mr. IMellill was married to Aliss Elizaleth A. Boweruman, a d(aughter (of Michael and Sallie (ILeFevre) Boweriian, who were farmi: g pIople residing in the vicinity of Romeo. HIer father reached the advance(1 ag'e of ninletytwo years. MAlrs. IMellen Ipassed away March 2, 1889, at the age o(f sixty-three years. The nicmbers ( of their fainily were as follows: Ellen E., born I)ecember 28, 1849, is livini' in Rtomeo: Sarahi AL., born Septenmber 20, 1856, was-; married Malarch 30, 1876, to IHlenry Stephens and their children are Ilenry, tborn November 7, I883: (hale, born Octo)ber 27. W/ L~~l4 PAST AND PRESENT OF IMACOMB COUNTY 4 41 18_87 and Jae(lueliiie, Deceembler 1, 1890; Mlarion -L., born 1)eceimber 22, 18S58, is in IRomieo; Hlerschel L., who was born M~ay 15 1860. died in Infancy. For his second wife Ar. Mlellen chose Ellen E. Procter, to whom hie was imarried in 1891, and who still survives him. i\Iir. i.Alellen wvas long a lproliiiiient MAason aend wias one of the oldest members of Hlomie() comimnandery, No. 6, K. T. His social relat ions were always ima rked by? cordiality aiid sincerity, Ile, judged a mlan by his charactter, not byv his pnrse, and in his old age hie stood just where he did in early manhood -the chamilpion of those (qualities which bringself-respect and the confidence of others and ais an admirer of justice, truth and consideration-elem ents whi cl were, always found In his own career. The mimmediate cause of his death was an injur ad shock- ecaused byv licing- struck by a: mail trainl onl the Chicago & Gand Trunk Railroad, near Im-lav City, Mlichigani, Aug-ust 8, 1893. There are men wvho through a, life of fidelity to principle a 11(1 ser-1ul'ni 011 exactness iii all business tlciansactionls gainl a reputation whiehl I's above (etIonl, cand such a iana wvas Mr. Mtelleni. lie wvas more than thils-he was kind-hearted, aVM1 i and consi de rate of othecis,,and though his-, in auner was, sometinlies lbrusise it alwax'1s coveredi a gentle sipirit. Romeo lost one of her most resp~ected and revered (citizens when ffarvey Mc 1ken p~asse d away. During hIs, active life of seventv three years hie was -ii iiany coimie c ial and Industrial enterpfrises and had buintsiess relations with Ca larg-e number of mnen, and thec iis vet to lie found (,Ile who (1fuestiouced hIs honesty of purl1pose, his fairiiess to all- md his sterliin'iiegiv CHAR!JE 11 IOLTZ. Chcarle's I loltz, who follows tirnno'1 Onl section 21, Chesterfield townvship" w is born inl Braudenberg' Glerinany, a son of WAillvimal and Louis~a (i1hiiid) Hlotz, also n(d-tive(s of that eouiitrv. The father wvas 8 arme111( in Cc'et โ€” many11 aim'i cantle to Amneric~a abouit 11 872 re~aching, Cliesterfield t~ownship onl the 25 th of lDeCeniber. There hie arid his family remained with friends for severfal weeks (and afterw~ard. took up their abode iiear the Chesterfield depot. For three years lie wvorked on. the Jamnes Patton farm, after which hie and hIs,oril Charles hpulchased a, fariii froni Henryv DeGrraff, which they cultivated for ten years, whe thy tade tis property to Joseph Oineigr for their present farm in 1886. Here the father stilt lives at the age of seventyseven years. Although he owns a half interest int the property his son Charlcs has been the active factor in making the finprovemnents -upon the place. Charles lHoltz beg-ai at once to improve this farm, draining it by mneans of ditches wihrun into the county ditch, Ile also rebuilt the fences and repaired the barns, and in 1900 hie remodeled the residence, raising it aiid placing it upon a foundation and digging a largre cellar uiider the entire house. H-e also built a larg~e addition on to the rear and remodeled the entire interior, Ilie has piped water to the kitchen and, in fact, has now a, mnost convenient home. His iiext step was to improve the surroundings and he has developedi a beautiful lawn, both in the, front and rear-, oii which he has flower beds so arranged that In summer the lplace looks like one beautiful flower garden. Althouigh living inl the country, the fam~ily enjoy's every convenience koii in city life. The Rapid Rtailway car stop~s in front of their door, while they have a rural- mail route which bri-ngs the daily paper and other miail to the door. InI 1903 lie built a large tool shed, sixteen by forty feet, in whichi all. his farnii implements, buggies and w~agons (are sheltered from inclement weather. Ilie follows general fariiing and his stock includes soiiie thoroughbred Jersey mnilelh cows. Ilie dlispose s of the mnik to the, Chester-field Creamiery, of ANInich he is a, stockholder and w'as one of the oroaniizers. Ile started out in life w'ith vciw tlimited capital, lint lie possessed cdeteiriunation and energy, and p)hacing his relianee, uponi these substantial qualities lie has sbteadily NN-o01 ked his way upward. Charles Hioltz wi-s iui-iarred, Mfay 28, 18716. to Miss Lizzie Da1) imm a daughiter of Will11iam and Mafry, (Rckoff) Diiiamm. 11cr liarents came front Gernmanx in 185-6 -aiic settled first inMitchell, Onitamri C0(anada, where the father followed thic w cavci's trade, but onl account of low' pi-ices paid for that work hie experienicecl great difficulty iii providing for his family. Ihis health, too, far-iled under the 2'reat strain. anid thinkling that lie imiight better his conidition elsewhere, he removed to Mlichigani, purchiasing twenty acres of land in Brulce towiiship, micar Arnaacia. Unable to support his family onl the farm, he went to Detroit. Ilie worked at weaving and while there miet one of his couintrynien who persuacled him to enlist in the, Union. army. H-e.joinedl the Seventeenth Regimtent of the .42 42 PAj-1kST, ANt) PRES'E.NT 01F MACOMB COUNTY United States army in. 1862, then stationed at Fort Wayne, near I)etroit. Ile returned home that night with a light heart, thinking that he could at least provide for his wife and children and intending to have themn move near the fort, but misfortune still followed himi, for within a m1onth after his enlistmnent the reo-iment was, ordered to the front and upon the wife devolved the support of their children. After two years, of hardships and severe lightiing he was taken prisoner at Atlanta and sent with others to Libby prison, where his health gradually gave way before the exlposures and privations there borne, and after three weeks he answered the last bugle call. His remiains were buried near the prison. DIuring the two years of his army life his faimly saw him but twice. ie, left a widow anid two dlaughters, who, after his death sold the farmti. M1rs. 1)anini afterward became the wife of Frederick Penee of Mlacomib county, and she and her dauighters then removed to his farmii on the ol0( Romeo plank road, wrhere they lived for two years, when her second liisbi)c-nl (ied. She miarried a third time to cJoseph Omneig of Mfaeombl) township, who soo00 aftt(rwx aid bought the farmi upon which Charles I lolti is now living. There they lived iii eoitifoit until 1887, whenl Mr. Omneig traded tie fcarim to _.Mr. Holtz anld his father and retiring frout active business life, took up his ahode in MNount Clemiiens. where he and his wife -are still living. The younger sister of nMrs. lIoltz is M11-ary, the wife of William Stewcart of' -Detroit. -Unto Mr. and M.4Irs. Iloltz were born six children: Agnes, who was born January 30, 1877, and is the wife of Albert Schott of thle firmt of Ihibarth & Se)hott, conitractors aiid builders of M'ouniit Clemens: Edward, w-ho was born Jainuary 29, 1879, aIntd learned the carpenter's trade w\itirth Ilubarth & Schott, but is now assisting his father oIL the farm; Iiiizette W., born Novemnber 18, 1880, a saleslady in the A. W. Koenig dry goods store at Detroit; Emil J., born September 7, 1883, a conductor on the Detroit Uinited Railroad, living in Detroit; Carl Albert, born March I., 1887; and Hattie AA., born MiN1arch 20, 1889, is at home. The first four children were born on the old home farm in Ray township and the others on the present homestead. Mr. lloltz was a member of the school board in district No. 1, Chesterfield township, for six years, and at the same tinie held the office of assessor. IHe is a mnrieniber of Lakside Tent No. 158, K. 0. T. 'M., in which lie was lieutena-nt couimiander for several yvears. Hle is a, devoted mlembter and faithfutl worker iii the German. Lutheran. church of New B~altimore and is servimg on its iboard of trustees. In his business career lie has always been found trustworthy, never taking advantage of the necessities of his fellowmven, bit throoug1h his own well directed efforts has wNon a, desirable success, making him a su~tbstanlitiat citizen of the county. PHILLIP A. KNIGHT, Ml. 1). 1Phillip A. Knight, for miore than a half cenitury an active ilmellIber of the mnedical fraternity of MAacomb county, has led a life of sigfnal usefulness to his fellowmtieni. his valuable service being not onily manifest a long professional lines bit also in the furtimeranee of the material, intelleetual and imoral prog-ress of the connitunity. lie is now living retired inl Mllount Clemtens in the emmijoynment of a well nierited rest, respected arnd honored by atl who kiow him- i.-and his aequ1Waintaii nc in the couity is a wide oie. Dr. night now seventy-seven years of a wge, as borin in Webster, floniroe couintyN,Ne w Y 01rk. I-e was graduated froml the moedical departinent of the Mlichigan Universitv ii Martch, 1854, and establishing his homtiie in Utica. Ma~comub couinty, the same sl).'rino hee continued ini tIme active lm-raetice of his profession until 1904, whene lie rem11oved to M; ount Clemienls, where he has since lived retired. lie has led a very busy life, having a large h)ractice, for hie soon demionstrated his ability to cope with the coniiplex Prolfblemils -which confront the physician mu his efforts to restore health and check the ra~tvages of (isease. Reading and investigation kept him ill touch with the prog'ress mijade by the medical professioii as tho years wemit by, anid while he did not quhkicidy disca td thme old imethoods, the value of wx hich hec had provell, lie was nevertheless always ready to take ill any iiev ideas or impiroveinent which lie believed would prove effective ill prol-noting his work amild increiase his efficiemmy in his lpractice. lie assisted in organizing the Northeastern I)istrict MAledical Society in 1854, was elected its presidlent seven different tinmes anid is now the only survivor antiong its original memlbers. While residing in Utica, Dr. Knight took a very active and helpful part in public affairs. Ie was a memnber of the Utica high school board for thirty-five years and did mucn(: h to awaken a (deep iiterest in this - - - - - PHILLIt' A. KNIGT', Ar.. D. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 45 sc(hool and to raise its standard of excellence. Ile is ani earnest, consistent democrat and has always taken a deep interest in political affairs. Ile served as chairman of the democratic count committee for several years and while occupying that position the largest dlemlocratic majorities were polled that have ever been given in Macomb county. 1ie has always persistently refused to hold office, preferring to devote his attention to his professional duties. lie was a chariter mellmber of lTtioa lodge, No. 75, A. F. & A. M., and served as its master for twenty-five years. lis life has been in entire h.ari ony writh its beneficent teachings, and in his practice he has found ample opportunity to follow its tenets concerning Imutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. 1ie never refused to respond to any call made upon him for medical assistance or professional aid, even though he knew no remuneration would be received. Dr. Knight was married, A:arch 30, 1855, to Miss Clarissa A. Ewell, of Shelby, with whom he traveled life's journey happily until July 19, 1899, when she was called to her final home. I)r. Knight, now living retired in Mount Clemnens, commands the esteeni of all who know aught of his career, for though he has never sought public promilncee, he has so lived that his life has been of much benefit to his fellowmen, and has exemplified in his career many sterling traits of character. (G OR(E ( It RA IiAI. (leo rge Grahalll, who follows farmlling, stock-raising and dairying on section 6, Ray township, where he owns a farm of one hundred and sixty acres, has lived in Michigan since 1884 and in IMacomlb coulty since 1898. lie is a native of England, his birth having occurred in county Durhlam, Marlch 9, 1857. Ile comes of old English ancestry, his parents, Edward and Isabella (Surtees) (IrahaIu, both representing old families of that country. The father \was biorli inl Manchester and followed farmingi in his native land. t'nto him and his wife were born four sons and three daughters, and with the exception of one daughter all are yet living. One son, Edward Graham, is now a resident of Colorado. The mother, now eighty-seven years of age, resides at the old home place. A sister, Anna, is the wife of (eorge Wilson of county l)urliha, England. Sarah, who is unmarried, resides with her brother William. Priscilla died when about four years of age. George Graham was reared in his native land and is indebted to its public-school system for the educational privileges he enjoyed. lIe was married in England, June 22, 1882, to Miss Emma Brown, who was born in Northumlberland county, England, where she spent the days of her girlhood Iand youth. lier father was Daniel Brown. After his Imarriage Mr. Graham carried on farming in England for two or three years, but thinking that he mlight enjoy better business opportunities in the new world, ie ca.e to tAmerica in 1884, first visiting in Canada. A year later he located at Greenfield, Michigan, where lhe rented a farm, continuing its improvement for about thirteen years. during which time e e devoted his energies largely to market gardening and the dairy bulsiness. Ile was within a half mile of the Detroit city limits. In the spring of 1897 he bought the farm uplon which he now resides and soon began its further development and imiproveIment. Tearing down the old flouring mill which stood here, he built a goold barn and has since fenced the place with a woven wire fence. Ie has made other permalnent and substanltial improvements anld has enhanced the productiveness of the fields by the liberal use of fertilizers. Upon the place is a large and substantial brick residenlce which was erected by Dr. Gray. Tlis is one of the most conimnodious homes in the township, having been erected at a cost of eight thousand dollars. In addition to his farmiing interests, Mr. G(rahalll is a stockholder in the creamery association and he keeps plenty of milch cows upon his farm, selling the creaml to the creamcry. lie has a skimmingt station upon his farm. n1M. (ralham was in limited financial circ( mumstances when lie caime to the new wcorld, )but though empty-handed, he possessed enterprise a-Ld determination and tby frugal living, resolute purpose anld unfaltering energy he gained a good start and in due course of time lhas becomle one of the substantial residents of his adopted county. Ile has been greatly assisteid by his estimable wife, who has indeed been a faithful companion and helplmate on life's jolurney. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Graham have been born four children, Anna S., who is the wife of Neil Gass, a farmer of Ray township, by wRhom she has two children, Dale (G. and Clara G.; John A., at home; Lillian P. and George E. They also lost one child, Florence May, who died when but five weeks old. 46 4PAST AND P'RESENT OF MACOMIB COU1NTY Politically Mr. Graham is a republican where national issues are involved, but at local elections he votes independently of party ties. IHe is a believer in good schools and competent teachers, and while serving on the school board has done mulch to promote the efficiency of the system of public education in his locality. l 1c and his wife are members of the 1Roimeo Mlethodist Episcopal church andl he is also a mlelll)er of the Grange and of the Malcomb Collunty Mutual Insurance (ompany. Ile has the entire confidence and esteeml of all with whoi hie has been associated landl his life record proves how valuable are the traits of energy and deterinination in the world's g'reat field of labor. JOHN A. B13REWER. John A. Brewer is a typical busilness man of the mniddle west, alert, enterprising and progressive, capably conducting varied interests, his efforts being so discerningly directed that he has realized at every point of his career the utmnost possibility for accomplishrment at that point. lIe is now engaged in locating,,buying and dealing in town lots in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. He is numbered amlong the early settlers of this part of the state, having located in Oakland county, about six miles from Romeo, in August, 1833. Mr. Brewer was born in (Greene county. New York, February 12, 1833, and his father, Peter Brewer, was born in the samne county, in 1719. The family comes of Holland ancestry and was founded in Malssachusetts in early colonial days. Peter Breewer was reared in the place of his nativity iand was married in that county to Aliss Mary Turns, a native of Ireland, who was brought to the new world in her infancy and was reared in (Greene county, New York.. Ir. Brewer learned and followed the mason's trade ini early life and in 1833 hle removed with his famlily, then consisting' of his Wife land four children, to Michigan. arriving in Oakland county in August of that year. There he entered land fronm which lie cleared the tilmber and then plowed and planted the fields, ultimately improving a good farmi of two hundred acres. There he reared his family and spent his remaining days, passing away in 1866, when about seventy-five years of age. His wife died on the same day and they were interred in the same grave. In their famnily were nine children, of whoml six are yet living: Ann E. is the wife of George llanna, of Tuscola county, Michigan. Peter W. lives in Saginaw. John A. is the next living. Abraham N., now deceased, owned and operated the old hlomestead and passed away there. Mark S.. who was a lawyer and prominent politician of MAichigan, residing in Pontiac, represented his district in the state legislature and was consul to Berlin under P'resident Garfield for four years and was for some years a member of the Naval Service Commission in Washington, 1). C., where lie died March 18, 1901. Mary L. is the wife of Moses lYran, of Flushing, Genesee county. Lydia is the wife of George Marvin, of Ovid, Michi(g an. Sarah is the wife of Daniel MlAcMasters, of St. Clair county, this state. Addison P., who had always associated with John A., died May 5, 1905. John A. Brewer was reared to manhood in ()akland county ul)on the old lholmestead farm and pursued his education in the district schools. Through the months of sunmmer he assisted his father n an after putting aside his text-books altogether he continued his work upon the honme farml until lie attained his Ilmajority. -le had stludied surveying and for over thirty years he did survey work ill the pine lands. This brought him an excellent knowledge of the forests and realizing their value lie has purchased and owned large tracts of pine lands and also located such lands for others, continuing in the business Iintil 1900. 11e also dealt in lands in some of the southern states and in Wisconsin and Minnesota. For a nlulber of years he mlnaintailed his residence in Saginaw. In 1872 Mr. Brewer was united in maIrriage in Saginaw to Miss Arvilla Johnson, who was born in Canada, January 5, 1846, a daughter of Mloses and Mary (1MeGarvin) Johnson. She came to Michigan in her childhood (lays and was reared in Bay City and Saginaw. HIer parents lived with her for many years. and the father died in 1886r and the mother in 1887. At one time Mr. Brewer was connected with the Soo canal and he served as county surveyor and continued to locate lands for nine years. He afterward went to work for the F. & P. M. Railroad, looking after the land granted for building the road, andl he continued to serve in that capacity for seven or eight years. About 1877 ie removed his family to Oakland county, where he resided for several years, this place adjoining the old family homestead there. He has a farm of six hundred acres which is well improved( P'AS'T AND) PRtESENT OF AIACOIMB COUINTYN4 47 imn is equipped with no(lerni building's. iHe (levoted his eliergies to its further cultivation and developmient until 1885, when lie re-,1oved to Rone(eo, where he p)le,'chased residence property and from this towni he gives his supervision to his faim. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Bre er have beein born four children: John J., who was born January 5, 1876, wa-s malrrie(L to Flor'a ({oeschel, of lay (ity, and is a ) 'isiHness man o()f Armlada Mary A., born November 8, 187:3, is at home; Lillian M1., born November 30, 1878, is the wife of Frederick S iith, of Wyandotte, Michigan; and Clarenc Alrthur, l)orn Nove'nber 24, 1885, died May 11, 1887. Politically Mr. Brewer is a stanch republican but has never be,:l aIli aspIirant for office. giving his time adl attention to his business affairs. Ilis wif, is a memllber of the Baptist church. Few re',ildents (of this section of M\ichigan have so lmg )ieeil econneeted( with the state, lbut Mr. I,'ewer hlas for seventyv-two years been a, u ittless of the work of improvemient and devtlopl)meit h1ere. He was only a few months oM wvhe1, brought to the west and as the years have gone by lie has seen the changes which have gained for Michiganl all the comnfort,', (conveniences and advaltag'es of the older civilization of the east. In an active l)busines1 career lie lIas dis1)layed marked persistency of pl)urpose and keen discernmient, and the e qualities, supplemnenting his indefatigable energy, have been strong points in winning lhim the eomfortafble (omn)petence which is now his. IIAARlRY FERRIS TAYLOR, -M. 1). Dr. Ilarry Ferris Taylor, eingaged in the lractice of medicine in Mount Clemens, with a, large bathing practice, is a mIeml)er of a family which througlh three successive generations has been represented iii the medical fraternity. llHis paternal grandfather. HI'enry Taylor, was first licensed to practice by the ()hio state board of imedical1 examniners and later by the Michigan state board. lie practiced in Moumit Clemens from 1822 until 1876, covering more thal a half cemntury, and his plrofessional lab)ors were ended by death, Decemlber 13, 1876. lie vwas a very prominent figure in this locality, aidilng largely in shaping its pioneer develop)meiit and later-day )progress, and hle was one of the early mIemblers of the AinericanI Medical Association and one of the first presidents of the Michiga n Medical Association. An extremely pro g'ressive man, lie was in advance of the times in which he lived, il intellectual as well as prIofessional attainmlents. Ile possessed great strength anid agility, was a splendid athlete a1ill im making his professional visits always rode horseback, utilizing that method of travel when, because of the plioneer condition of tIhe state, lie was forced to ride many miles to see his patients. lie liarried Nancy Walling, \wxho was 1)orn ill Connecticut, in 1799. ad (l died in 1879. She was reared by Govei'ioi Illoratio Seyvnonur 's familv, at Utica, New York. By her nmarriage she became the mother of two sons alid two daughters: Marie, ljouise. Ilenry and J. Seymour, but all are ilow (decease(d. 1lenry Taylor, Jr., father of Dr. Il. F. Taylor, was born iiin ount Clemens and, becominlg a iemlber of the imedical fraternity, practiced in this city froim 1852 until 1889. lIe,acetie(l for a year before attaining his majority anid then returiied to Anni Arbor, Michig'a'i, wher'e lie coil)leted his education in the State Ulniveirsity and received( his diploma. 1ie was veryl i suce ssful in his chosen life work a(nd secured a large p)ractice. In conieetioin with his father, he was the originator of the bathing interests of AMount Clemens. for theyl witlh othes, built the first bath101houses here, alfter the chemical analysis of the water was made in 1872, its value as a reine(lial ag'ency being thus (lenlonstrated. I is death o(ccurred Malrch 9, 1889, when he was fifty-six years of age. lis wife, who l)ore the lmaidenm namie of Mlaria Ferris, was also a native of Moulmit Clemens. Dr. Hlarry Ferris Taylor was born in Mount Clemens, July 31, 1862, and was graduated from the Mount Clemens high school, a deplartlmenit of the Union school, in 1880. lie then went to Lansing, Michigan. and occupied tlhe position of clerk to the secretary of state for two years, when determining to enigage ill tihe professional service which his father ad (m grandfather had made their life work, lie 1matriculated in the Detroit College of AMedicine, fromu which he was graduated in 1886. The saime year lie began practice in Moulnt (Clemens, where he has since remained, and frommi the beginning he has met with gratifyinog success, having now a large patronage. Whether this is due to inherited tendency, natural Ipredilection or to his careful and thorough preparation, it is impossible to determuine. Perhaps all have contributed to the result, but at all events he has for a number of years ranked with the leading members of the nmedical fraternity in this city. In 48 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMIB COUNTY November, 1888, he became medical director of the Original Bathhouse, and thus continued for twelve years, since which time he has engaged in general practice, giving much of his time, however, to bathing practice. He is a member of the American Miedical Association, the Michigan, Macomb County and Northeastern District Medical Associations. He has had no business connections outside of his practice, save from 1896 until 1900 when he conducted the Avery Hotel. IDr. Taylor has a daughter, AMyrtle Avery Taylor. lie has a very wide and favorable acquaintance in the city which has always been the place of his residence and the consensus of public opinion accords him high rank in his profession. WILLIAIM. M\1ARVIN. The kindly spirit which has ever been one of the marked characteristics of William 11. Marvin and which has won him many warm friends, is manifest to all who coine into contact with this leading and representative citizen of Utica. A native son of Michigan, he was born October 14, 1842, in Ypsilanti, this state, while his parents were natives of New York. t-is preliminary educationl was acquired in the district schools and for several terms he was engaged in teaching in similar institutions, but not content with the advantages he had enjoyed in that direction he entered the State Normal School of Ypsilanti, in 1866, remaining there as a stldent for three years, but his close application to his books caused ill health and lie had to relinquish his cherished desire of graduating from that noted institution. For almost two years his health was in a perilous condition, but improving he turned his attention for two years to the real estate and insurance blisiness in Ithaca, Gratiot county, canvassing among the farmers on foot in order that the outdoor life might restore his old-time vigor and health. There he continued in business until 1871, when he removed to Toledo, Ohio, where he conducted an insurance office and later published the first local railroad guide ever issued there. The outcoime of this was a prosperous publication. In 1873 he turned his attention to journalistic work and opened a job office in Toledo, but not finding this as successful a venture as he had anticipated he shipped his materials to Utica in 1876 and began the publication of the Sentinel, the first paper published in this village after the col lapse of the Utica Enterprise, nmore than sixty years before. While living in Ithaca Mr. IMarvin was married, October 4, 1868, to Miss Laura E. Smith, who died January 30, 1903, leaving a daughter, Pearl, who is an active assistant in her father's office and is also an officer of the Order of the Eastern Star and organist in the Congregational church. Mr. Marvin also had another daughter who (lied in 1896, leaving a son at her death, who is now a nmember of Mr. Marvin's family. Mr. Marvin has served as chairman of the board of trustees of the Congregational church for a number of years. Hle is active and prominent in affairs of the village and for some years has served as its chief executive. He has also been secretary and treasurer of the Eastern Michigan Press Club and the Michigan Village Officers' Association, and these organizations have done effective work under his guidance and through his cooperation. In all public affairs he is deeply interested, and is the champion of every measure contributing to general progress il the village. HIis attention naturally is given in the largest measure to his business affairs, and he has a good printing office well equipped with all modern improvements and showinl the latest inventions in machinery and all accessories. In Utica not to know Mr. Marvin is to argue oneself ullnknown andc there is no resident here who enjoys in higher degree the full confidence andl esteem of the coli lmuniity. ALDEN II)I)IN(S. Aldenl (liddings, now deceased, was for twenty years an active business llman of Romleo, and was well known in colmmercial circles in this city and Iacomib county. He was inumbered among the early settlers of the county, having arrived here in 1857. A native son of New England, his birth occurred in Stafford, Connecticut, ill 1820, and he there pursued his education and in early life began work in a sash anld blind factory in tartford, Connecticut. Later he was engaged il that line of business on his owil laccount for a nunber of years. While still residing in the east Mr. (liddings was married to Miss Eliza Seymour,' the wedding taking place in IHartford, Connecticut, in 1849. The lady was a native of that city and the years of her childhood and youth were there passed. It was ill the ALDEN GIDDINGS I I i i i I P"AST' AND P"RESENT OF M',AACOMAIB COUNTY 5 5 I year 1857 that Mr. andl Mrs. Giddings left Connecticut and caine to Mfichigan, settling in Romeo, where his two brothers, E. W. and M. A. Giddings, had previously located, beconunig promiineint business men of the town. Alden (hiddings established his home in Romneo, opening a dry goods store here and secured a good trade, his patronage steadily increasing, so that he annually received a good incomie upoi his investment. His store was well stocked with a inoderi line of goods,and his reasoniable lrices alnd fair dealing secured humte a, tradle which wTas liberal and gratifying. For twetity years lie continued at factor in mercantile life here and then sold out, after which he lived retire(1, having a cu-nnmlated a competence sufficient to supply him with all the necessities amd mnimy of the comforts and luxuries of life. lie was also a director and stockholder in the Citizens Bank anId became recognizedl as a financier and calpitalist of ability. IHe possessed sound business judgme-nit and whatever he undertook lie carried forward to successful completioll. Mr. and Mrs. (Giddings became the lparents of four children but only one is now livingfcr Hielem S., the wife of Edw-ard Phelps, a, business man of IPittsburg-Y, Pennsylvania, who for twenty-five years has been conimected with the coiptroller 's office ii that city. Onie som aind (laughter died ii infancy, whrlil.e George WV. reached mature years and married Sarah Stewart, of -Romeo, who wvas hor-in, reared and educated in Canadii rere a re two (lalMghters of this muion- Miro'rget an(d Lillian, who are now stud(emts, in the high sclhool. George WNight (liddiinos was a financier aiid emiterprisiig hunsiiess main who sumeeeetled his father iii the miiagailement of his affairs and conducted the bu'siinss \,iuith success until his death, whiel occurred January 28, 1904. i Gir. Giddings died iM October,- 1886. Ile would never hold office, p)referrlmig to give his undivided attention to businless atffTairs when conmected with inercamitile interests ii Romeo. In matters of eitzenship, however, hie, was progressive amid public-spiritel and his aid was never sought in vaim ii m behalf of any lpublic Measure for- tme general good. his soil held menibership in the Confrgregational church and was ome of its liberal contributors while the father gave generously toward the erection of the present fine house of worship in Romeo aid served as a meinber of the building coiniimittee. Mrs. (Giddings and her daughter-in-lt law, 'i\rs. Gleorge WV. (liddings, anid her famnily reside at the ol0 home built by the husband and father. This is one of the attractive residences of Romeo. They are also inembers of the Congregational church. Both ladies have the solace that their husbands were of value in citizenship and reslpected in public and private life. The loss of both was deeply felt in the conimunity, where they had so directed their efforts as to win recognition because of their success and also by reasoni of the honorable methods which they ever followed. TIIOMAS 13. ENG-LEIIART, M.L D. Anionmg those who devote their timne and eniergies to the hpractice of medicine and have gfainedi a leading place in the ranks of the profession is Dr. Thomas B3. Eiglehart, of M1lount Clemens. Ile was born on the 9th of July, 1824. ii the wild woods of Ohio, when that state Nwas onl the froontier, anid is a son of Williamu and R1achel Englehiart. His alncestors camflie to this country fromn (Germany some yearts liefoie the Revolutionary war and settled on Chesapeake bay in the state of Delaware. Repipesemitatives of the faimily later migrated to IPennsylvania and iii coining still further wxest established hoimes ill Ohio. In that state Dr. Eigleiart passed the days of his bovyloodI amid youth iand accjuired his ecarly educ-ation. inl the log schoolhouse so connmon at that time. It w\~as decided that lie should learn the carplenter 's trade; but as his taste was for books, lie fimially deteiriimilmed to enter the miedical pr-ofession and studied with that end ill view, In 1844 and 5184 he attemled the Literaiv (la nd Siciemitific Institute at Cineiminati, Ohio, amid after his graduation lie entered the Plhysio-M.1edical Institute, of the sanie city, fromt which hie w\-as graduated in 1847, with the degree of M. i). After leaviimg college )1r. Englehmart enoaged iii tme general p~ractice of miedicine in Ohio for five years, but since that tillie has made a specialty of the treatinemit of chronic diseases. Ile spent several years in New York city and Brooklyn, and in 1872 reMoved to B~uffalo, to take charge of the Medical amiad Surgrical Institute, beim at its head for a quarter of a century. For thme past five years, however, le has mnade his home in -Moumt Clenmens and has ai office at No. 20 South (4ratiot avemine. Ile has minet with cxcellent success in his chuosemi profession aml his ability is recognized by all. As a progressive mnemiber of the inedical fratermnity, 52 PASTI AND PRESENT OF MIAACOMB COUNTY he belongs to several medical societies aind takes an active interest in their work. The Doctor was in the military service of his country for a few weeks at the time of Morgan's raid on Cincinnati during the Civil war, and he has been an ardent slupporter of the republican party since its birth under the oaks at Jacksonl. lichigran, bult he has never cared for the honors of )public office. preferring to devote his entire time and attention to his professiontal labors. For fiftyfive years he has been a tmember of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has beell connected with the Royal Arcanuml for twenty-two years. lie affiliates with no (cllhurch organization, being radical in his views 1o religious questions and an advocate of hiimanitarian principles. A man of deep research and careful investigation, his skill -andi ability have won him a prominent place in the medical profession and he is very popular with all classes of people. MARTIN CROCKER. Martin Crocker was born in New Balltimore, Macomb county, February 7, 1858, a son of Judge Thomas Martin Crocker, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work, and Fandira Emory, of Vermont, a descendant of early New England colonial stock. IIer grandfather was a Revoluntionary soldier and her father and mother were Michigan territorial settlers in the early '30s. Miss Emory taught school in Maconib county a few terms before her marriage. The subject of this sketch had three grandfathers who fought in the war of the Revolution for the independence of the United States. lIe was reared in his native county. where he has spent almost his entire life, his early education being acquired in the public schools of Mount Clemens, supplemented by some elective studies in the Michigan University. IIe entered upon the study of law in the winter of 1876-7 in the law offices of Crocker & Hutchins, the former his father and the latter his brother-in-law, Ii. B. Iutchins, the present dean of Michigan's great law school at Ann Arbor. Martin also attended the law school at Ann Arbor, being admitted to the bar in 1880 and at once enterd upon the practice of his profession. For nine years he was alone, during which time he attended to all sorts of law business. Martin Crocker is politically a democrat. In 1881 he was elected alderman of the first ward of Mount Clemens and in 1883 was chosen alderlnan-at-large. Notwithstanding his youth, he was, during his service, chairman of the street committee and the commrittee on claims and accounts. ile was also selected president pro tern of the council. In 1885 hle was appointed city attorney, serving until 1888, when he accepted the federal appointlment of special deputy collector of custonms at Port Iluron, with fifty employes under him. In 1887 he was elected a member of the state legislature, Awhere he was a member of the judiciary comumittee. Ile it was who introduced the resolution in the Dayton case resulting in expulsion of that member from the house, the first instance of the kind in Michigan. While he was special deputy collector of customns at Port Huron lie made a ruling on the ilmporters, Wilheamn & (1ralham, since one of the leading cases in the IUnited States courts. lIe also decide(l that the Grand Trunk railway pay duty on its million dollars' worth of iImported steel, but ol the St. (Clair tunnel case Mr. (roeker decided the tlnnel differed from the Soo river bridge, whereon duty was charged, the bridge restirng 11)on1 piers, the steel being placed thereon froml boats, while in the tunnel case the parts had to be first landed anll then put Iiider the river. r. Crocker hteld the landiing on the shore mlade them liable to (luty and his decision was sustained at Washington and is now a recognized leading ruling on international questions of that character. On the election of President Harrison Mr. (Crocker resumed the practice of his l)rofession at Mount Clemens with his father, the firmn namne being Crocker & Crocker. In 1890 he was elected to represent his district in the state senate. Ie was the recognized leader of his party in that body. IIe was chairman of the investigation conmmittee in the celebrated case of Freidlander versus Morse. Ile had charge of the Dickinson county contest that awakened national attention in which he was a central figure. Ive was also the advocate in the senate of an act providing for the election of presidential electors of the United States by congressional districts in Michigan. The debates on this measure were most strenuous, Mr. Crocker being the storm center; the press of the entire United States gave this question full attention. The mneasure became a law; its validity was at once attacked in the Michigan supreme court; the act was held to be good by the Michigan suprenme court; the contestants secured a remloval of the cause to the United States su MARTIN CROCKER. I~:::::i ":::-: i ~r c. c PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 55 pireme court, where the constitutionality of the act was affirmed in 146 IT. S. 1. In 1896 Mr. Crocker was a delegate to the Chicago national convention which nominated Bryan for president. In the spring of 1902 he was elected mayor of Mount Clemens, giving the people a progressive, satisfactory administration. In the fall of 1902 he was the choice of his party for congress, and although defeated by the Hon. Henry AMcMorran, he received the largest vote given any democratic candidate in his district in ten years. MIr. Crocker is a busy man, his practice lhavilg covered an unusually wide range. He has a comprehensive and thorough understanding of miian:y departments of jurisprudence, with a clientage of a distinctively representative character, and has been connected with causes in all the state and federal courts. Mr. Crocker has not confined his attention entirely to legal and political labors, but has mIanifested excellent business ability in other lines. Ile has contributed in a large and important measure already to the growth and developmelnt of Mount Clemens, having platted seven additions to the city, besides purchasing three others already platted, while as the chall mpioll of mally progressive public l eieasllres he has prolioted her welfare. In 1887 IMr. Crocker was mlarried to Miss Emily Sabin, likewise possessed of a Revolutionary ancestry. She is a daughter of the late Carlton Sab}in, who came to Michigan in an early (lay, settling in the northern part of Macomb county, where lie founded the village of MIemIphis. They have one child, Sabi Crocker, 1 )011 in 1893. Mr. C (ckier was mlade a MaIson: in 1881, belonging to the lodge ai(nd chapter, and he is also a MIaccabee. His life has been one of luntiring activity, crowned with a high degree of success, being highly esteemed both as a citizen and larwyer. His kindly impulses an:ld chalrmling' cordialitv of manner have rendered him exceedingly popular w ith all classes. JOIIN L. IIOT'1'AM. John L. 11othal l, cairrying on general farming on section 21, Sterling township, was born on section 17 of the same township, January 27, 1844, his parents being Richard and Jane (Hlinlanl) Hotrham. They came from a place near Beriffle, England, and were married in that country. When the father came to Malcomlb county he had to cut his own road for a lmIile. IIe took up land from the goverinlleit, for much of it in this portion of the state was yet unclainied. I-e worked in Detroit for a few weeks and could at that time easily have plurchased the land where the city hall now stands for ten shillings per acre. Ilowever, he purchased ten acres at Blooifield, near where lie lived for a year, after whlich hle caime to what is now known as the Ilotham homestead, residing thereon up to the timee of his death. As the years passed lie prospered in hlis undertakings and( by judiciols investiment became the owner of six hundred and forty acres of land, of which two hundred and sixty acres is still in possession of his child(lre. Hle wAas eightytwo years old at the tiie of his demise and his wife was eighty-six years of age when she passed awaly, their rellliains )being interred in the Utica cleimtery. There were five children in their family when they emigrated froml England to tlhe new world and here six children were addded to the liousehold. Four of the linumlter are yet living: Mrs. Betsey Andlrews, who resides in Washington, MIacomb county; Willialm, who resides lupon a part of the old lhomestead; la11rriet, w ho married Norton (C'.hapllall and livs in IIolly, \Iichigan and JohIn L. In the district schools John 1. IIothanl pursued his e(dlcatiol. p)llttingo aside his textbooks at the age of mlineteell yeairs A hen lie )began farmiing forl hiiself on his father's land. Ile worked this place tlllil hlis brother William returned f'loo Californlia, where lhe had been engalged, ill muilinigf for thirteen years. As a colianllioln amd hellpmate for life's jourlney IMr. IIotfhal c(hose Miss Bertha Smlith, their marriagle be ing ce leblrated Decemlber 26. 1866. Slie is a dauohter of John and Harriet (Anderson) Smlithl. The father came from New York when lie was a small child with his parents, the grandfather settling at Seven Mile ITouse near Detroit, while the Andersons took up their abode three liles south of Rochester, M\ichigan. Mr. and Mlrs. Smith were the parents of eight children, but only three are now living: John, who resides two mniles south of Rochester; MIrs. HIotham, who was educated in the district school of Avon and lived at that place until the time of her marriage; and Hattie, who mlakes her home with her brother. Both lM. and Mrs. Smith have passed away, their remains having been interred in Rochester. Fnto MTr. and Mrs. Hotham were born nine 56 56 ~~~PAST ANT) PRESENTP OF i\1I A COMB1- C'OUNTY children: Edith, the wife of l)ay Suimnjjers, who resides at Inilay City, Lapeer county, Mlichigran, and by whom she has two children; Minnie, who' died at the age of twentylive years; Bird, the, wife of Willianli M.Lason, a farmer of Avon. Mlichiganl by, whom she has one child; Frank, who mtarried Lena Eckstein, a daughter' of 1Lainhert Eckstein; Carrie, who died at the age of four nionths; Jennie, Rose4 (loldica and Pea~rl,,all at home. The childrien were educated in the district schools arid B~ird and Franik also attended the Uticea high school. Mlr. IlothaIni is a democrat in his p~olitical views where national quiestion1s a ic involved, bitt at local elect ions votes iidependeiitlv. le has been a loyal adlvoeate of Mtasolry for twelve years', holding mtembership in Utical Lodg-e No. 75, A F. & A. Al. iid 1)0th he and his wife are conmecteld with the Eastern Star. Ilie has been utilte stiu ssfuil in his farmning operations and is to-day owner of andl operating one hundce A urcs of land oii section 21, St-erling tow nship. His entire life has lbeen passed in this localit y aid hie Is, thorougThly conversant with the b~est methodis of caring for his fields and crops. As the years pass lie has p~rospered arid is now one of the substantial agyriculturists of his com111-urunty. OMA1R l)ANIEL TBOAMPSON. Oniar Daniel Thompson has foi a half century been identified with eduicat ionat work in Mlacomb county and no miiin w itlun its borders has done as much to fui the the public school. interests as hie. His lbiltiOh ocnrred in Mill1port, New York, iDecember 23, 1835, his lparents being Daniiel B3. mud EFixriia Thonipson. The Thomnpsoiis were orig-inallyfront Connecticut, beinig numii-bered among011 the pioneer families of that state. Both MAr. and M~rs. Daniel Thomipson were natives of Chemning county, New York. She died during- the early boyhood of her soin Omar, while the father, who w~as born iii 1805) lpassed away in 1884. Omnar D. Tlioiipson is inidebted to the publie schools of his native town for the early educational privileges which lie enjoyed -and which were supplemented by a thorough1 course of instrutction in Oberlin College, at Oberlin, Ohio. Ilie caine to Maichigani in 1857, locating at Grand Rapids, where hie 'began teaching. He has since followed this line of work and he has attended all state teachers' conventions since 1859, with exception of three held when lie was in the army, anid lie, wxas the president for one year. For twenty-five consecutive years lie was princilpal of the schools of Romteo. At the present time lie is comniissioner of schools and oit the expiration of this terim he will. have coinlpleted fifty years of continuious school work,7 save for a brief period of three years when lie wias mibimfJered amnong, tme, defenders of his e-oummtrv at the time of the C~ivil war. P~rofessor rIlhoimpsonl enlisted as a lptivate ini 1862, beconmiino- a neicnber of Company B, Tlweiltysecondl 21icimi gait Infantry, Ile was with the western army In all of its engagem1ents, p)articipatinig in the battles of Mturfreesboro, ChIattanooga, 21Mission -Ridge, Atlantca and thme celebr~ated. march. to time sea. TIle fa ithfully lperformed every (lilety that devolved uponi him, whether it called hinti to thme frn ilime or stationed him. omi the lonely picket line, the Unionl cause, findingin hmium indeed a, stakvart champion, le was mus~tered out in July, 1865, having served for two years aId elevert mionths. On the 1st of August, 1859, Professor Thoimnpson was msarried at Romeo, Mlichigan,I to.Aiiss Eimil (hra\es Coolev a daughter of Dr. Denniis C"ooke. Slie ded. Febr-uay4, 1901, leavino- five, childicn: Charles Ti. C.. ho mnarruid Cl1 ii Ne.1.1 icnnini-s of Fentoim, MAichlaigan Sarahi E. hlow ird Ma'.; C. Fred and Omuar Ti) wlel Allen died in1 infancv. Oimar I). mar ie d IF raifc(s, E. New-v berry, of Romeo. 1Professor Thoitpson is Ca meurber of the M,,asonic 10(1ooc at Ronleo Vand has attaiticid the Knm~ght Tenmplar degree, belonging to Romeo comimmandery, in which hie has served as emmuncut c oniiander for several years. lieisinheiry syinpathiy with the prhinclples of Maisonryv is thoroughly informed con-eritn g its tenets and teachings and. in his life exemplifies the spirit Of the craft. Ile is a mian of fine personal. characteristics, scholarly attainments,, and strong intelleetuality and he has done niore to advance tire cause of education in M.~aconib county thtan any other man, while his influence in educational1 circles iii the state is extemided. His efforts iii behalf of pu~blic instruction have been fa r-reachin g arid beneficial. WIllIj-jAM, hi1'. TINSMAN. 'Williain TI. Tiusmiai, who carries onl general farmi-ing and stoek-raising, owning and operating three hundred and ninety aeres of land in Washington township, makes his home in Romeo. Ilie was born on the faint which OA)ARl )ANIEL T()51 OPSO). I I I PAST AND 'PRESENT OF MACOMB COUiNTY 59 is yet his property, August 21, 1836. Iis father's people lived in New Jersey at an early day, and his mother's ancestors were Scotch. Ilis paternal grandfather was Willltim Tinsitman and his father was John A. Tilnsmlan. The latter was i)orn in Warren (co(lty, New Jersey, in 1809, and there spent his boyhood and youth. lie wedded( Miss Sarah, a daughter of Jacob McCracken, natives of the same state, and he followed agricultural pursuits in New Jersey until 1834, when he remnoved to Mdichigan, residing in Macomb county. Ilis first purchase of land comprised onle hulldred and sixty acres and he after\ward bought more land, clearing, fencing and cultivating the different tracts. 11e erecte(d goocd bullildings aind developed a farm of iuch va iue. tle was a prosperous land well-to-do algricullturist, for utilizing the natural resources of the state in this direction he found that his efforts were repaid in the acqluirem11ent of a comifortable comipetenice. 11c reared Ills fallily oll the old homlestead, anId when his children were grown he removed to lRomeo, lwhere his last days were passed, his death ccurring in September, 1894, when lhe was ecarly eighty-six years of age. ills wife departed this life in 1870. William II. 'llnsian is the eldest in a famlilV of four children, the others beilng: Lidia, who was b)orn in 1839 and is the widow of litis l)avis, 1by whoIm she had two children. her home beilng now iln Detroit; (Charles (,, of IHolly, Aichigan, who was born in 1842. an(d )by his llarriage has three childrea; al(d la:'rg'aret A., who was born in 1845, was mIarr ied and died several years ag1o. Wiliam II. Tinsllma spent his boyhood days;is sa farmer lad, and havilng m;astered the elementary I)ranehes of learnilng in the district schools he continued his stiudies im the high school at lRomneo. IIe afterward engaged in teaching f(or one winter term when a youlln mIlaln, and in 1858, in Bruce township). he wa-is niarrie(l, the lady of his choice teiiig Iar iy J. Iiosner, a dauighter of Ilugh and Elia (Sutlphel) Ilosner. early settlers of Michigtan. 5rs. Tinsimiia was born in New York, Jtune 6, 1837, lbuit was reared( in Mlichigia. Following his inarriaOg MiA. T'illsimail settled (upl)ont tlie ol hoiomestead anld ca(rried ont farllming,, there, continlilg thle cultivation of that place for several years. Ile then 1)urlchased the tract upon whiclh he now resides aIci re'lbilt and improved a large brick residence, one of the most commodious anitd attractive Ihomes in the county. In 1871 he rented his fLarm and took up his abode in Romeo?, hut in 1891 lie again took charge of the home place. lie purchased and carried on a general store in the town for seven years, dealing in dry goods and other colmmodities. Ile has bought and owns two business houses in Romleo and he has several residence properties. Ile also owns stock in the Romteo Savings Bank, in which his father was o(ie of the original stockholders. In 1900 Mr. Tinm'ilan was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife. There are four children by that marriage: C. W., who is a traveling salesman, residing at Muskegon, Michigan; 11. E., a practicing lawyer of Chicago; Florence M., at home; and J. L., who is now identified with business interests in Detroit, his father having taken the managemernt of the business at Romeo. Mr. Tinsman has been a life-long republican, casting his first presidential vote for Abraham ILincoln, and has given his ballot for each presidential nominee of the party since that time. Ile served on the village board for two years, but whether in office or out of it he has always been loyal to the best interests of his locality and his aid can be counted u-pon to further any prog'ressive measure. Iie possesses considerable mIusical talent and for thirty-seven years was a mlember of antd for ten years conducted the choir in the Miethodist church. His services in this direction have also been called upon for many public gatherings and farmers' clubs. Iis entire life has been spent in Maconimb county, though he has traveled both east and west, visiting the New England states antll points in Canada. Ite has long been a member and for seveni years has been president of the Romeo Club, coimposed of a large nllmber of the Iromlinent citizens of the towni. What he muidertakes he accomplishes, if it can be gainled through )persistency of purpose and honorable methods. This is true of his publlic actions as well as his business life, and he is, therefore, classed with the leading and represeltative m en of his native county. ALFRED J. PARKER. Alfred J. Parker, practicing law at the bar of Macomb county, was born in St. Clair couinty, Michigan, Januatry 11, 1878, and is a representative of one of the old families of New England. His great-graindfather was John IT. Parker and his grandfather John S. Parker, Sr. The Parkers were a numerous family and many of those who bore the name followed the profession of teaching. The 60 'AST AND) PRESENT OF MACO1AIB C(OITNTY New England ancestors lived in Connecticut and later generations of the family were residents of the Empire state. John S. Parker, Sr., removed from New York to Bell River, St. Clair county, Michigan, sixty-three years ago, and there he engaged in farming and the hotel business for a few years, during the early settlement of that part of the country. After a time they disposed of the hotel in St. Clair county and removed to New lHaven, Macomb county, and there established the Parker Hotel, which was known far and ncear for the hospitable manner in which it was conducted. John S. Parker, S., rwas very successful as a hotel prop)rietor and accumiulated a good fortune. Ie )ossessed sound judgment aniid foresight alnd il connection with his other bltsiness interests lie conducted a, mortgage ando tax title busIiless. IHe canme into the wilds of Michigan a poor man, and his carefully (lirectedl (fforts, the hllsbaniding of his resources and his jud(ic(iomus investiment made him a prospelrotls citizen(, and at the same time lie contributed ill substtatial meaisure to the upbtuilding of his (ominmniunity. Ite lied at the ripe old age of eigthty years, while his wife, who bore the mnai(len lilame of D)elia P'almer, died at the age of eighty-six years. She was one of the promine nt family of Palmers of St. (lair county. At the death of his father, Jolhn S. Parker. Jr., became sole owner aliil Imamlager of the hotel property, which he coll dlcted( for fifteen years as a temperance house, and also coinducted a mnercantile business. ie nmarriedl Miss Helen A. Farrar, who was 1)on'1 in lMount Clemenls sixty years ago, a (lalghtel of Ma nson Farrar. The Farrar famIily also came fronl New England. Aimiong its miemllbers halve been several who have served their c(ountry as soldiers, including some who participated in the battle of Bunker lill, the war of 1812, the rebellion and the war with Spain. Both Mr. and Mrs. John S. Parker, Jr., are still living, and Alfred J. Parker is the fourth in order of birth in their family of three sons and two daughters, the others being: Estella, the wife of Walter Lowell, of Macomb township; Manson, who is living in Chicago; John U., of New Haven, Macorb county; and Delia, the wife of Elmer Hall, of Richmond township, Macolmb county. Alfred J. Parker pursued his nlore specifically literary education in the public schools of New Haven and Richmond, Macomb county, and early in life he determined to engage in the practice of law, believing that he would find it a congenial pursuit. He entered the law office of C(anfield & Spier, at AlMout Cllens, in which he stl(lied fromn September 9. 1894, mntil Marchl 16, 1895, after which he centinued hlis readill with 0. C. ILungerhaliisen, of MoIunit Clelens, until October, 191)00. At the saime time lie attenided the Detroit College o>f Law and was graduated in the spring of 1899, after which he was ad(llitted to the b)at. Iii the fall of 1900() he began practice a(loINe an( is niow locate(l in the postoffice 1)lock. lie has mad(e his o(wn way practically Iuaided froml. b)oyhood, obtaining his educatioiI with little financial assistance a:1(I working his way Iupw)ard in the face of difficulties and1 (obstacles which wouldl have utterly discouraglled mlany a iani of less resolute spirit. Ile carefully p)replared for his profession and his thorough and comprehensive understanding of legal p)linciples forms one of the strong basic elements of his success. Since he began l)ractice he lhas apI)eared in nearly every terml of courlt and has liad actual practice in all Michigan courts fromn the justice to the supreiie court and has been successful in winning several close and bitterly contested cases. Ile is to-day regarded as one of the leadilng young0 lawyers of the Macorilm county ba r. )n the 27th of 1)ecen ber, 1900, 1 Mr. Parker was mIllrried to MIiss Edna Bernard, a daughter (of FNrank adll Adeliza J. (tItathaway) Bernard, o(f Richmond(., Michigan. Theit children are Sanfold W. and James F. Parker. In1 his political views r\l I. Palrker is an earnest atd (active democrat and he was a candidate fotr circuit couirt commnlissioner at the time he cast his first vote. In 1902 he was elected juistice of the peace, and lie is treasure1 of the dleloc(ratic county conmlimttee. lie has been1 an exenlplary lmember of Mount Clemens lodgce No. 6, F & A. 5I., since 1902, and also belongs to the chapter and the council. lie is a Knight of Pythias and is past venerable coluncil of the Modcern Woodmenl of Anrerica. Although a yolig man, he has attained prominence and leadership in political. fraternal and legal circles, and his intellectual strength and laudable ambition argue well for future Iadvacileemeniit. VARNUM1 51 J. BOWERS. Varnuml J. Bowers, whose prominence in political circles and advancement at the bar entitles him to mention amnong the men of distinction in Macomb county, was born in Laingsburg, Shiawassee county, Michigan. P'AST AND PRESENT OF MAC()1OMB C() JOUNTY 6i Septenlber 18, 1867, his parellts being Andrew.1. and Iannah E. (Shout) Bowers, the forimer a, native of Lakeville, Oakland county, AIichigan, and the latter of England. The father was a foundryinall and died when his son \Varnum was but three yea(rs of age. The pater al grandfather, Jacob Bowers, was one of the early residents of this state and represented ()akland county in the legislature. lle (lied at Lakeville, Michigan. When four years of age, his father having (lied, Mr. Bowers wenlt to live with his uncle, Franklin AIonfort, a. pronminenlt attorney of Mount Clellens, with whom he remained until lhe had attained his mlajority. h Is education was obtained in the lpublic schools of this city and in Cleary Business College, at Ypsilanti, Aichigan. lie began the study of law in the office of the uncle with whom he lived and was examined by Judge AMoore in open court, il Oakland county, 5Michigan, thus securing his admission to the bar in 1895. For a brief time lie hwas conneeteed with business affairs and in 1898 he( was admitted to practice in the IUlited States and district courts and was admitted to practice in the interior department at Washington, 1). C., in 1900. lie t1ow conducts a genera Il piactice, havinog secured a good share of the I)tlblic patronage, and he has continually grownr in public regard as he has deimonstrated his ability in his profession and his power to cope with the intricate and involved p)roblemls which continually confront the legal practitioner. Mr. Bowers is a demlocrat in his political views land aln active and influential worker in the ranks of his party in eastern Michigan. 1le was nomlinated for city clerk of MAount Clemens in 1893, but was defeated. The following year he was a candidate for justice of the peace and was elected. Ihe accepted the chairmanshilp of the coiunty colllmmittee of the p)eople's party alnd a strolgo contest followed, the entire republican ticket being elected. In 1896 he was a'aill a candidate for justice of the peace anld was elected for the long teri of four years. While serving on the justice bench he tried over sixteen:l h1ul(Ired cases and less thanl one per cent were appealed. Owi ng to strenllous opplosition in the republlican camp, lie was defeated for a third term in this office. lIis decisions were strictly fair land implartial, beinpg based upon the equity of the case alnd the law applicable to the facts. The year following his retirement fronm that office le wMas elected aldermran from the third ward and was re-elected in 1904 by the largest vote ever given in his ward. IIe was chosen )resident pro tern. of the city council and is now serving in that caplacity, the city finding him an earnest champ)ionl of its best interests and a. stalwart pr'otector of its rights. I r. Bowers was imaarried, November 20. 1888, to Miss Blanche Lufkin, a daughter of Floyd E. and Mary Lufkin, of MIount Clemens, and they have two childrein, 5l1yrta and (enevilve. Mrs. BoNwers' fathelr was for many years enogaged in the manufacture of brick at MIount Clemens a1d( is nI(w deceased. while her lmother )passed away in 1890. F1raternally, IMr. Bowers is conmected with the Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of the Maaccabees. WTood(lmen of the World, 1)raImatic Order of the Knights of Korassa i a1I(l the l-oyal Gualrds. lie has been vice gran:d of the Odd Fellows, was the first dlelegate of the Knights of I'ythias of MIollnt (lemens to its state convention and is now Ipast chancellor conllander, beilng seniior past chancellor of his lodge. Ile is a man of strong purpose and unfaltering determlination, is an i l(defatilga)le worker and is not ldaiuntedl by failure or olpposition. Ile believes in workingI for lp'iicille as well as results. From' b)oyhood he lhas made his way unaided by financial assistance, and although the stlrggle at times has been a hard one he lias coIei off conlqueror ill tlhe strife, and to-day, while filalnciallyv successful, he has also gained 11ire thanl a c omf()lftable comp)etelnce, havingi developed a strong. lpurposeful character a1i(1 gained the a dmilration and esteee of his fellow ie1n. C( IARI S ITT IC (II. Ch(arles l)ittrichl, 0who for more tlhmi a ha lf cenltury has been a resi(dent of:\ac(omb colInty and who belongis to that class of (:ermlalAmlerican citizens that has proven a valued factorl in the develo)pment and1( progress of the co1mm1unity, camele to Michigan on the 4th of July, 1849, 1 and is now sntccessfully enogaged in general farlming and stock-raising, having eighty-five acres of good land in Clinton township. lie was born in (lerllmany, Novembler 2, 1834, and is a son of (Uotlieb Dittrich, who with his family emigrated to the new world in 1849!. le made his way at once to MIichioan, settling first inl Macol)b township, not far fronl lMouit Clemens. Charles Dittrich was then a lad in his early teens. lie is largely self-educated, for at an early age 62 PAST AND PRESENT OF MAACOMB COUNTY he started out to make his own way in the world, and therefore had no opportunity of attending school. IIe first worked by the month as a farm hand through the summer seasons and for a time continued as a student in the district schools through the winter months. The value of his services in the fields, however, soon made it necessary that he give his entire attention to the tilling of the soil, and throughout his entire life he has carried on agricultural pursuits. As a comlpaniont and helpmate for life's journey Mr. Dittrich chose Miss Bertha Stidcer, their marriage taking place in Maconmb township, October 25, 1864. She, too, is a native of (lGermany. Following their nmarriage they settled upon the old farm homestead in Macomb township for ten years and on the expiration of that period Mr. Dittrich purchased a, farm in Clinton township, becomling the owner of a tract of eighty acres. Ife also bought twenty acres adjoining, so that he had a good place of one hundred acres, and lhe continued its cultivation until 1895, when he disposed of that property and bought the farm upon which he now resides on section 4, Clinton township, comprising eightyfive acres lwhich was known as the Witrig place. This is a finely illproved farm on which is a large two-story brick residence, together with two l)rick barns and all other buildings necessary for the shelter of grain and stock. Ilis land is very fertile, yielding one hulndred bushels of corn in a year to the acre. aind his place presents an excellent appelarance, ow(ing to the great labor which he bestows upon it and to the rich productiveness of the soil. In connection with general farm-ing he carries on a dairvying business and both branlches of his activity have been profitable. Ie started out with small mieans and, in fact, by working by the month gained a caplital that enabled hium to lbegin farmling, on his owni accoIunt. In 1893 IMr. Dittrich was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died in March of that year. They were the parents of five children, but only two are now living: Lena. the wife of Charles Miller, of Detroit: and (Charles W., who was born and reared in Maconlb township and wedded MIary Boeling, a, native of Michigan. There are four children of this marriage, but they lost their first born, Emllma, who died in infancyv. The others are: Norman H., Ruth Emma and Edna. Politically Mr. Dittrich is a democrat and has served as road supervisor, while for twelve years he was highway commnissioner. Both he and his wife hold menmbership in the German Lutheran church, as do the son and his wife, and the father was one of the trustees of the church. Ile has ever been an industrious farmer and his frugality and earnest labor have constituted the basis for his success. For fifty-six years he has lived in this county, having been acquainted with its history when the district wAas largely unimproved and gave little promise of rapid progress or upbuilding. Ile has contributed his full share to the work that has wrought a change here, making it one of the leading' counties of this great comlnonwealth. JAY F. COTTON. Jay F. Cotton, who carries on general farmling on section 19, Chesterfield township, was born July 11, 1841, in this township, his father being Otis W. Cotton, who is represented elsewhere in this work. He acquired his education in school district No. 1 in his native township, although his advantages in that direction were somewhat limited. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm and in August, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, of the Ninth Michigan Infantry, from which he was honorably discharged December 11, 1862, on account of disability brought about by exposure to a severe rainstorm while he was suffering from an attack of measles. Hie re-enlisted in Company I, First Michigan Cavalry, November 7, 1863, and afterward served with that regiment in Virginia until the close of the war. Ite went with' his conilnand by way of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad to Parkersburg, Virginia, thence down the Ohio and up the IMississippi and Missouri rivers to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The brigade, consisting of the First, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Cavalries, thence made its way across the plains through Kansas, Nebraska and Wyoming to Utah, and after guarding the overland route against hostile Indians until November, 1865, the regiment went into winter quarters at Fort Bridger and at Salt Lake, Utah. In March, 1866, 1Mr. Cotton was discharged at Fort Bridger. On the back of his discharge paper is the following record: "J. F. Cotton enlisted in the Ninth Michigan Infantry August 15, 1861; promoted corporal October 12, 1861; discharged for disability December 11, 1862; re-enlisted in the First Michigan Cavalry.. Company I, November 7, 1863; promote(l MR. AND MRS. J. F. COTTON I i i i I I I l'AST' ANi) P"RES-i'ENT OF i\IAfACOM,;B CONTY 65\,ri 65 sergeant, I)Dcembher 7, 1863 promnoted first srgeant, Januaryv 1, 1864; commissioned seeond lieutenant, May 16, 1865; w'as Wounded it Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864; has participated in the following enga gemnents: \Wilderness, Yellow rraverni M11eadow Bridge, Beaver lan], Hanovertown, Ilawes Shop, 0(ld Chinuchi, Trevillian, Woodstock, i)inwiddie Cross Roads, White Oa-1k, Five Forks, Sailor CIreek, Appomattox and at least fifty minor en-Igagements and skirmtishes. Ilis (liseharge is signed by P. Staoo,, colonel First Michiganl Cavalry and lrevet brigadier genlleral coIiianaiding the regiment." After receiving his discharge Mr.Cotton aInld fifteen others proceeded witlh two teams mnd wagois to Nebraska City, a man being hired to take them I i that way. Arriving at Salt Creek, Lancaster county, Nebraska. Mlay 13, 1866-the pllace being then the advance guard of civilization Mlr. Cotton was so charmed with the green, rolling prairie annd its tree-lbordered streams that he unloaded his baggage and l)ade adieu to his,army coniradies, preparing to take up his life work there. Ile purchased three hiumdIred and sixty-seven acres of partly unproved land, one-half of wNhich by agreeinent was, a year later, turned over to his brother, Owen W. In Septemlber, 1866, MI~r. Cotton niarried Miss Jenmie Ensininger, the danglhter of a pioneer settler who had remiioved to that locality a, vear before fromt Terre Ilaute, Indiana. Two years later the state capitol ant all of the state Jlblie buildings, by act of the legislature, were erected five miles north of his farm. Ini 1869, however, he sold his possessions in Nebraska and removed to Iowa, where hie engaged ill the hardware trade at (Grand Junction. 'I'he following yea~r lie disposed of his store there and in the spring of 1871 wevnt to Washingtoni territory, but not being, satisfied ini the northwest he returned to l)es Mloinies, Iowa, in the fall of the sanme vear. In 1.876 Mlr. Cotton was ealled itl)on to mourn the loss of his wife, wi-ho died in April, leaving huhn with four children. The living children of that marriage arc: Mrs. Abbie Mills, of Alpena couiinty, ichigan MNrrs. M\attie Leonardson; and Frank, of Cleveland, Ohio. Following the death of MIrs. Clotton, andt at the solicitation of his father, he then returned to the old homne in Macomnb county, Michigan.. In December, 1878, Mr. Cotton was again imarried, his seeoni union being with Maria, a daughter of William J. and Ann Milton. She was at that timlle a widow with two chilireni-Fredcrick MI. Tucker, and Rose, now the wife of D)r. W. N. Salisbury, of Ann Arbor, Mlichiga 'ii. 11cr plarents were Williaml J. and Ann (Starr) MAfilton, and Mlrs. Cotton was the secondh in their flucilv ef teim childr':_n. She wais born in England-( antid was brought 14) this cou0ntr1try by her pairents iii 1855. Ieer father was born in Somersetshiic, nc, a Wells, England, and canile to the VntlitCd States ii 1855, settling, in Chcesterfield township, Mlacomb county, on what is still calledl the Cotton roatl. Ile conducted a butcher shop and meat mliarket in England, but on account of ill health bath to retire from that business and decided to conic to Amnierica. Ilere lie securetl a tract of lanid and he reinained onl his first farm until about 1868, when lie purchased a farni from his uncle, Robert 0. Milton, oil the (iratiot road. At once taking up his abodte there he continued to engage ili farming until his, death, which occurred in April, 1888. Although he avoided ulublic office and public, notoriety of any kind lie was always aii earnest worker in behalf of any\, enterprise that tended to benefit his comnuinity. Ile was instrumental in establishing the first district school in his neigrhborhood, called 1)istrict No. 6 of Chesterfield. This sehool proved of great benefit to the children of that vicinity, for many of them hic-dad been unable to secure any publie instruction. hlis eltest (laughter, Mrs. Jane Farr, of New Haven, was the first teachler- and conducted the school for two years. The M.Ailltons were )111 well educated and were a family\ of prominence aindi influence in the community. Tei,\ chailni d(escent from John MAIiltonl, thme Iloet. Following his seeondl mnarr-ia ge,\Ih r.a id Mris. Cotton continued to reside mii)(Om the home falriin and after his mnother 's (leathi in. 1887 lie purehiased the old home imlace, buivino the interest of the other heirs until hie became sole owner of the entire tract except twenty-eig โ€”iht acres owilned by his sister, Ml-rs. RZoberts. Into Mr. and Mrs. Cotton by their see0o1(1 marriage there has been born a daughter, M,1,aria Antoinette Ilerriman, who is now livinog in New IHaven, Michigan. While iii Iowa Mr. Cotton united with the Christian, or Disciples church, but as there is no church of that denominationl here lie attends the F'irst Methodist church of Mount Clememis, where his wife has been a member for nearly forty years. She is a most sincere an11i earnest Christian woman anti can be 66 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY relied upon to give her support and co-operation to all church work. Mr. Cotton is a member of II. D. Terry Post, G. A. R., while his wife belongs to the I. D. Terry Relief Corps, No. 168. Both are members of Milton Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry and are people of the highest respectability, enjoying the warm regard and unqualified confidence of all with whom they have been a ssocia ted. F.. MI. MIIIER. F. C. Miller, a well known and popular citizen of Washington township whose time and energies are devoted to agricultural pursuits, was born on the 19th of September, 1845, in the township which is still his home. HiIs father, hiram W. Miller, was a native of New York, born in the town of HIampton, Washington county, Novenlber 26, 1814, and was a son of Josep)h Miller, who was also born in that state and was a soldier of the war of 1812. Coming wSest at ot 1820, the latter settled in Macolnb co unty, Michigan, alnd entered the land in Washington township where our sllbject now resides. Upon the farm which h here openedl up and illproved liram W. Miller grew to manhood amid pioneer scenes and aided his father in the development of the place. lIe wedded Miss MAary IcGregor, who was born near Albany, New York, in the town of IIunter, Greene county, September 3, 1817, and they began their doilmestic life 1upon the old homllestead, where they continued to reside througlhout life, the father dying in 1887 and the mother in 1869. In their family were three children: Benjamllin AI., the eldest, was a soldier of the Civil war and was finally transferred to the invalid corps. After the war he settled in Mount Vernon, Michigan, where his death occurred in 1869. Hiiram J., the youngest, is nowV living retired in Orion, Michigan. During his boyhood F. C. Miller pilrsuled his studies in the home school and he remiained under the parental roof until his father's death, when he succeeded to the farm, now having in his possession the original patent for the land signed by President James Monroe. To the improvenment and cultivation of the place he has devoted his time and attention throughout his active business life, and in connection with general farming he follows stock-raising to some extent. In Washington township, March 10, 1870, Mr. Miller married Miss Flora Lockwood, who was also born in this county and is a daughter of Timothy Lockwood and a sister of C. E. Lockwood, represented elsewhere in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have three children: Edgar J., whose sketch is found oni another page of this work; Arthur C., who is now a, student in the State UIniversity at Ann Arbor; and Mary I., at homle. With the famlily also reside Mrs. MAIiller's two nieces, Mlabel and Aglnes lHazleton, who are the daughters of her sister, Mrs. Clara I. (Iockwood) Hazleton, and who are being reared and educated b)y IMr. and SMrs. 5Miller. IMr. Miller has never faltered in his allegiance to the republican party since casting his first presidential vote for (General IT. S. (rant in 1868, but he has never cared for the honors nor emoluments of public office. though he has served on the school board for a number of years. Both he and his wife are members of the Union church of Washilngton and hle belongs to the blue lodge of Masons at I)avis, the Rochester chapter and the 1Molunt Clemens council, while both he and his wife are connected with the Eastern Star chapter. They stand high in the communitv where they have so long made their home andl 1no citizens in Maacolmb county are (more hoore(l or highly respected.,JAMES E. WEITER. The business inlt(re sts of tile e nt erprising little city of Richmond find a worthy representative iln,Jailes E. Weter, who is a wholesale dealer inl e ggs. Ie is also the president of the Mlaconb C:ounty Savillgrs Bank, at Richamond, and his enterprise, business discernitment and diligence formn the basis of his very desirable siucess. IHe was born in Pallmvyra, lenawee county, Michigan, April 3, 1857, his p)arents being ' Thomas S. and M(ary Ann (tUpton) Weter, natives of New York. They callle to Michiganl in 1840, locatino in Palmyra, and wxith the exception of thle years 1852-3, which he spent in California, the father ha ls continued to mlake Palmvyr his holme. He is now eighty-four years of age, having been b)orn March 3, 1821, and lhe is yet enjoying good health. For many years he followed farming, but is now living retired. HIe has always been a public-spirited citizen and is yet (leeply interested in his county and state. I-is first wife and one child of that marriage died prior to his trip to California. Following his return lie PAST AND PRESENT OF MTIACOMIB COUNTY 67 wedded Miss Mary A:n-l I)Jpton alnd there were five children of this ilarrliage. Jamies E. Weter spI)elt the days of his boyhood in his native place, remaining at the old homestead until 1885. when Ihe camel to Richiiond. Ilere he beglan lllsiness as a wholesale dealer in eggs ill p1''artllneship wAith T'hoiiras Faningl anid lIalitin Keeler, Illlder the firm.naiie of Weter, Famingl & Comlpany. This relation was inailtaillined lntil 1892, when MAr. Keeler withdrew adlll C. S. Miller was admllitted to a plartllershil). They bought out the firlll of II. II. Freeman & (Company, who hald beeii in )business fo r fourteen years. They have a main w.arehouse, fifty ly7 eighty feet, tw)o stories in heig]ht aid basemienlt, l)lilt of brick. The shoo)k roomll is thilrty-eight by seventy feet andl thalt )bilding is two storiies with basemnent. The st(orage \war1ehouse of the same height is thirty by one lhundred feet. These )buildings w ere (ontained in the original i)lal:t and the comI)pany has since added a storage rooill, ullilt of brick, two stories with basemlent, fifty by one hundred and ten feet. h'lley also have stal)ble rooiii for twelve horses and twelve wagonos wlhieh are used( in collecting the eggs, au(l they have handled as high' as one lmillio (lozen eggs il a seasoM. At the )beginningl of the l)silless they handled only about three hundred thonsan d idozen, lut their libusilness hias steadl(ily incireased (l til it has r:eaclhed the plreseiit extensive figure. They make shipments largely to New York. Ir. Weter has contilnued as senior 1le('l)er of the firm and has been active in the manaoeiiient of the )blsiness since its lbegiilling, its success b}eing (ue il io small degr(ee to his capable efforts, )business capfacity and iowers of managlementt. In 1898 he w as one of the promloters and leaders in the organization of the MtIaconmb County Saviings Bank., at Richmlond, and froit the begiiinng has served as president. Siice opening' its doors for business the baink has had a. very suecessful career and is now reigarded as one of the substantial finalncial institutions of the county. lie is also one of the original stockholders and is yet financially interested in the ITllrich Savings Bank, at Mlount Clemens. In 1886 Mr. Weter was mnarried to MAiss Emmai11 Whitmarsh, of Lenlawee Junction. Michigan, a dauglhter of C. C. Whitlnarsh of that place. Their children are: Blanch, Grace and Mildred. Mr. Weter is pre-eminently a man of affairs and one who has wielded a. wide influence. lIe has served as president of the village for six consecutive years, and in 1899 and again in 1901 he was elected to the state legislature, serving for four years. During his first term the legislature had four sessions, three special sessions being called. Fraternally, he is connected with the Masons, the Odd FellowNs and the Knights of Maccabees. Mr. Weter is widely anld favorably known throughout the coimmunity, his abilities well fitting hilm for leadership in political, business and social life. The teris progress and patriotism might well be considered the keynote of his character, for throughout his career he has labored for the inli)rovemlenlt of every line of business or public interest with which he has been associated, and at all times has been actuated by a fidelity to his country and her welfare. A lGJSt REIN. The Glerman-Amellrica elemelnt has long been all ill(portant one in the citizenship of the new\ w-orld. Amiiimong the reepresentatives of this class ill 1l.aeoilb county is August Rlein of llalf-wa, who, though born in Erin tolwiship), onI tlhe 13th of June 1867, is of Gei lineage, his parents, Charles and Wilhelmlina (IloffIieier) Rein, being natives of G(ermlany. The father was born in 1837 and was brought to ilMichigan bvy his Iparents inl 1844, the famlily hlone being established o(n sectio(n 30, Erii townshipi, Macomub county, -here, in assisting his father in clearing, developing alld culitivating the land, he endured a1riny of the hardships and trials which usually fall to the lot of the early settlers. lie was active in coIMlmmlnity interests and his worth wais widely acknowledged by his fellow townslmien who called him to the offices of towniishipl treasurer, towniship supervisor and justice of the peace. Ie filled the last mentioedl position for several years. IHe was mIarried in 1858 to Miss Wilhelmina Iloffeielr a:iid they b)ecamee the parents of twelve children, of whom ten are yet living, namely: 1harles, a farmier of Mafeomb county; Augulsta, the wife of George Eberlein of Sebewaing, Mlichigan; (odfrey, of Roseville; August; William, who is a school teacher at Woodmere, 5Michigan-; Henry, of Detroit; Albert, of Roseville; Thomas, of Detroit; Mininie, the wife of Ed Deimriek; and Martin UIon the homle farm. August Rein pursued his education in the parochial schools and in Detroit Business University, completing his course in the latter lby graduation in 1885. At the age of six 68 68 ~~PASTr AND PR ESENT 01F MACOMB3 COt.TNT V teen years hie left home to lbeg-in his career, accepting a position in Alexander Ilund 's grocery store in Detroit, where he remained for five years retilirnino1 to Erin township in 1888. Ile then opened a general store, and saloon at Halfway but closed out the latt-er branch of the business in 1894. lie has eontinned to (leal in groceries and 'also carries a41 line of shoes, dIry goods, fancy goods, paints and oils. For two years after opening his store he rented a buikcling,and then pimmrchascNl the building w'hieh hie now oeccupies and four and a half acres on which it stands. Ilie is painstaking iii the mnanag-eient of the store (and carefuil in his business affairs and has acquired fromt the pumblic a liberal patronage. His attention, aside from mercantile interlests, is devoted to the cultivation of fruit. Mr. Rein is interested in the wNelfare of his honme commitunity and has done creditable service as treasurer of school (listrict TN-o. 2. I-le is a mienber of St. Peter's Germiian Evanig-elical Lutheran church at Halfway, in which he has served as a, trustee, and lie is also a member of the Lutheran Society of Mlichigan. On the 23d of M~ay, 1889, Mr.% Rein was United in miarriag-e to Mtiss Anna, Gerlach, at daughter of Frederick (letrlaelh, one of the pioneer residents of Eriit towNnhilp. The y have five children: Viola, IPaul, Josephine, hIulda anid Lorenz. The famiily is widely and favorably, knowv\n in this locality amid time, members of the household enjoy the hospitality of mnany of the best homes,, of this seetion of the eomiimtv. -ALEXANDER MeIINNIS. Al-exan-der Me1limnis, who is fillino- the office of sheriff of Mlacombl coitnty, andt IakeIhi lhomne in i\Iount Clemjens, wa's born att Owen Sound, Ontario, Caniad-a, Mlarch 6, 18155). lis ipatermm 1gallpaiitlfathe, ~John M (dimnils, cmliioriated from Irelan(l to Canadla and (lied in1 the latter countryv in 1857. Jolii Mletnnis, Jr., father of our snb~ject, was borii iii Ireland and was sevemi years of age at the tnime of the emtigration of the famnily to America. Ilie becanme a farmer by cua tion and followed that lpursuit for some time in Canada, but in 1865 became a. resident of Macomb county, Mlichigan, settling- iii RPay township, where he again engagcd in general agricultural pursuits until 1895, when his life 's labors were ended in dea~th. He was then seventy-four years of age. In early manhood he miarried Miss Susan Hloag, ai native of Canada, aimd her deaith occurred inl 1_903, whiemi she was seveuty-five years of age. She was a daughter of Alexander Emoa, who residedl in Canaida aimd p~assed a8way.) at the aige of eighty years. Thomas i\I1chuiuisl, ablrothier of John M1eilnnis, Jr. wmho becme resident of Maconmb _outnty, a iso located inl va onship,) where lie, died at thie age of sixty-two years. Thes brother~s wvere memibers of a large f ainily. AlMexauider- Mlennis pursued his (edotation iii tihe publi~c schools of Ray townviship, althoutgh. his eduicationald lrivileges were, somewvha.t limi1ted, as at aIn early 'moe he began eariumimg~ hIls own livingo as a fuunihatid Ilie continued to engage iiiagautim piursuits onl his own account for- a looi tiiie, or until albout forty years of a rie, when. he tnrned his attenitioim to nieli( (iandising, establishing a: store at Davis, Alcacolil) counlty, where for ten years lie ha~s ( ontinued business. Ii his agricultutral wid ( oinincrc.,ial undertakings he has been (Jiltit successfidi an 11(1 as become the possssoi- of acomiforta- ble comipetemmee through hIs well directed svstmniatie and carefully, imanaged busi-_ ness8 interests. i.l r. Melcnnils has been hionored byv his fellow townsmnen wvith several officical pmositions. -While living in Ha.-y townshilp lie served as Jutstice( of time peace and as towvmisliip trea~smirler. In I 902 hie was elected onl tihe repubfi ea ii ticket to the office of eotnmtv sheriff. Thle contest was very close and it was at first thought that his opponent wa,-s electedi by a very small majiority, but up~on a recount of the votes iAlr. Melcnnis was (leclaredl electe(i. On the expiration of his term lie refuised a re-election in 1904, hIs uiitiring ceiergy while serving his county having mmpaired his health. It is generally conceded thait Mrll. Alclnnils had a very satisfactory terum amFinl much real good was done by his cealseless eamilpaioim against vice and for law andI order. Oyi the 20th of February, 1878, M~r. McInnis was Umnited in muarriage to Miss Enimna Oreeni, a, daughter of Aibial, -and Ljouisa) (-Degrf)(reen, of Ray township. They now.have omme child-Dayton. Fraternally M\r. MNclnnis is connected with Macoiurb lodge, No. 64, F. & A. i\1., of which hie became a mmemuber in 1901. Ile also beloiigs to the Knights of the Maccabees and the Ancient Order of Gleaners. Ilie, is a manl of generous inmpulses,. faithful in friendship and straightforward in his business transactions,7 and he is accounted one of the, representa ALEXAND)ER AelINN IS. I i i I i i i I i I i i i i i i i I IPAAT' AN1) PRESENT 1OF -AfCOMB COUTNTY 7I tive men of his adopted county, where he hlas lived from early boyhood days. RIC:IA RD T. W. WEBB. RIev. Richard T. W. Webbl, rector of Grace EpIiscopal church, at 5lIounit Clemens, was b)orn ill London, En'gland, Miarch 25, 1860, and is a son of Thomas and t Eliza (Daines) Webb,l both of whlom welre niatives of London. The maternal 'ranldfatliher Richard 1)aines was for twenty-eig'ht years a pilot oni the Englishi channel after having served foir inmany year s as master of an oceai-i'oin,' vessel. Later lie becamle a meIlber of Triinity House and he died in 1865, at the age of sevenlty-five yea is. It was his dcauihte' Eliza who becaime the wife of Th'lomlas Webb, one of the cleverest decorat(,ors and restoirers of daniiaged works of art il London. IiI 1869 thley crossed the Atlantic to tlie new world, locating in Oakville. Ontario, Canada. The father died at thle ag'e of fifty-two years alnd the imtother passed away in 1901, at thle ag'e of sevenrity-one years. In the famnily were five children, namely: Riclhard T. W.- Georoe If., who is rector at Strathcona, iln the p1)(rovimce of Alberta, Norfthwest terr'itory. William F., arehdeacon of the diocese of (alivary, in the Northwest territory- Elizableth. who died in ilfancy: aInd MIartin W.. a (iry goods mierchaint, in Calariv. Richard T. W. Wel))bb was educated in a church school, in Loindon, Engllat(1 aind early )eeamle interested in religious wolrk. lie also pursued his studies in tlie pubilic schools of (akville, Ontamito, and contiolnued his study under 1)p1iivate inlstructionl withli view of enteriing tlie Iministry. Bishop Fuller. of the diocese of Nia&'aria, on cxamtminin1gr Mr. W )ebb, ipronounced his exatliniatioini tlie imost perfect of any that had takenl place in thle diocesec and so expressed hiimmself ini a letter to Mir. Webb's milother. Thils coMimmtnieationt is still il tpossession of our sublject. IIe wams ordaiined as cleacoin in C trist Chiurn(I C(athedral. of Ilaminiltoll. O()tario, oti the t25ith day of May, 1888. The ordinatioi serm1iion was preachlled by tlie Rev. (hariles MIockricl'e, ilow rector of the (Chu1rch1 of thie Iessiiah, at )Deti'oit. AMichiga I. (On June 8, 1884, this lbeilz' Trinity Suniday, he was ord(aiied priest by Bishlop Fuller at St. Geo(Irge's church, in Guelph, Ontario. While prepar'ing foir or1dination Rev. Rlichard T. W. \~Webb was for four years a imeniher of thle Associate bMission, at Grand Valley, On tario, and after lie became a meinmber of the priesthood lie acted as head of the mission, remaiiining there for six and a half years. I-is health failed him, however, in 1889, and he took charge of Christ Chu~rch mission, at East rawas, Michigan, where lie remained from April, 1889., ntil July, 1895. His work was so effective there that le succeeded in placing the,mission on a p)ermanent basis, and an excellent chirech edifice was erected at a cost of forty-five hundred dollars. Rev. Webb accepted the pastorate of (Irace Episcopal church at Mount Clemens, in 1895, and has since retained here as rector. lie has placed implrovetments oni the church property to the value of thirtv-five hundred dollars and has organiized the work along various lines until the church in all its departmients is now in thriving condition. lie is a miost earnest parish worker, his life consecrated to the cause of Christ, and he is deeply and thoroughly interested in all matters relating to the church and the vwelfare of the people. On the 14th of July, 1886, IRev. Webb was iunited ii marriage to Miiss Mmary xI. 51A. Lewis. a dauighter of Charles J. Lewis, of Iawlvaut Ilauts, Englacnd, and Alatilda (Dawson) Lewis of Islingyton, Ointario. Theiri children are: C(iharles Thomas, Ambrosse Anthony, MIarga'ret Lewis and Martitmn Richard. Tlie atilosp)herel of the hiome is that of hiospitality and good cheer aind Rev. Webb cand his wife exercise a strong, itlfuelnce inl social cirlcles. HIe is a man of scholarly attainmnents, of natural intellectual vxigor and force, in whonm is an abiding charity and unabating sympathy, which huas rendered himli popular with all classes and wvmon for hiim the muqualified reslpect of his fellow lmmei. WILLIAM F. TOMLINSON. Williamn. F. Tomnlinson is above all else a business maian, alert and eiterprising,, and his is a successful career. Success is not a umatter of g'enius as held cby mliany, but is rather the result of experience and sound judcgmeieit. Self-reliance, eunergy aicnd c honesty are the traits of character which insure the greatest 1)rospderity and at the same timie win anl hoom'able1 namlie, and to these qualities we mnay (attriul)te the )position to which IMr. Tomtlinsoni has attained. Ile has varied lbusiness interests in Macoimtb county and in control of these manifests keen discerunent and miarked enterprise. Ile was born Iay 14, 1857, in 72 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Reach township, Ontario, Canada, his parents beingo William and Ph(Pbe (VanI orn) Tomlinson. His paternal grTandfather James Osborne, was born in the Carolinas 1. ad at the beginning of the Revolutionary warM he owned many large tracts of land, in Cluldilng abollt seven hundred acres where the city of Washington now stands. This landv was all cinfiscated by the English goverlmillet,,Jaties Osborne having 1)een a captain in thle British arnimy. Ils daughter, Sarah Osborne, became the wife of Jonathan Tollillsoln. and in possession of Williami F. Tomnlinson, of this review, there is now an ol eed deed which was made out to her for land situated in the township of Lobo in the county of Miiddlesex, in the London district of Canada, and signed by the goverenor general of Canada in 1825. The writing, though now somewhat ftaded is still distinct and the seal is still attached. William Tomlinson, father of our subject, was united in marriage to PIh(pbe Van Ilorn, a daughter of Abraham Van Ilorn, who was born in New Jersey and reilloved to Canada about 1800, when sixteen years of age, settling in Markam township, near Thornhill, the district at that time being' an ulnbroken wilderness, there beilng only one log c(albin wihere the city of Toronto now stands. William F. Tomlinson, whose naite iitroduces this record, e(anie to the United States in February, 1881, after having p)ulrsuled his education in the public schools of his iative province. lIe settled at MIount Cletiens, where hle worked in the stave mill of Snook & Robinson for aboiut a year, and (dlriig that time he purchased a stiall tract of timbet lan(l on the Lake Shore road in C(hesterfield towtrship. IIe at once began to clear this and for several years cultivated a part of it, after which he sold to Abtrahaml WagtIoet. O() leaving AMount Clemens he beogan wo(rk ott tlhe farm of Joseph Milltoni, in (Chesterfiel township, and in 1882 he took charge of this place, on which lie made many improvemeits. lie tiled the land, rebuilt the barns an( other outbuildings and continued the work of development along the itiost progressive lines. The two large and sul)stantial b)arns Ip1)oIt the place are well worthy of note. One of these was erected by Mr. Tomlinson in 189!)3 and the other in 1903. The second has several features about it not usually found in farm buildings. It has a cement floor ii the! asement, threshing rooms and granaries, and, in fact, there is no wood used in the construetion of the floors of this barn. The.re is a self-supporting roof and altogether the barti is one of the finest to be found in the state. Its dimension s aire thirty-six bIy eighty-six feet. All of the buildings are equipped with the latest impl)rovementlts ti nloading appat'atus and in cotnectioi withi tlie barns hle has built two large silos witht a capacity of two hundred tons. Mr. Tomlinson is likewise a strong advocate of the dairy as a p)aying investment for tie fatrmn and he has ohit is place about thirtyfive head of Jersey cattle, all thoroughbred, together with twetlty-five tilch c(ws. lie is the owner of a fine thoroughbredl registeterl Jersey bull, purclhaspd from T. TF. \1arston of lBay City, Michi'gan. Itl cottiectiton with tile daitry is a large cettent tank iti which lie places the cans of milk and through this tank cold water continually runs, being pumpled by witndmnill power, att(1 thus tbie tilkl is kept cool through the night and each mortning it is (lelivered to the Chesterfie(ld Cr(eamer, wvhere it has received the fhig-hest test of aoyi milk (lelivered there. In 19(2 flie average test of the milk for the seas)ti was 5.3/ per cent and he has never had a test lower than 5 per ceiit. lIe takes go()od care of his stock, grinds all his feed in his own mill anid also does hs oiiwn tbhreslitg. HIe was one of the chief 1promoters of tlie (liesterfield Creamery, so(licitingi nearly all of the stock. The first buli i(iig was etre('te(l it 1892 and this was destroyed bly fite it 1896, the comnpany losi-ng4 everything, as it had 11o ilsiurance. With tesolite pur)ose, such as overcomes diseouragement, Mr. Tomlinson, with the aid of the late Judge Eldredge, began at once to tilai foti rebunildiio,, i atd l bein1, iade head of thle building!!i,C ( (oittee he rushed the work thrto-lghi, so tliat in just five weeks fromt te( ttie t i he t fire thle liew plant was in ruinnti or(!der. lie was the first vice p)resident at(l a dirtectot' of the company until 1904, whei lite retire(l f'romi all offices, but is still one of the latrgest stockloldders. In 1891 Mr. Torlmolitsot built a Ilat'ge cider mill with a capacity of otie hundred and twentyfive barrels. This business Iias stre(lily iicreased fronm the begiinnig ui, iltil last year lie had a run of about forty thoutsaiid bushels, includingo custom work as well as his own. The cider which he manufacture is i always pure and sweet, linut contains 110o drugs or spirits. HIe uses his owii formula, whi(ch the pure food comiiission of tlie state has approved. lie also iakes ap)ple,jelly atid ships both cider and jelly to alimost eve'ry state in the Union. Last year lie ma(le larioge shil)mentis to Bisbee, Arizoia(, to Texas aid to IPASTl ANDI) IPRESENT OF MA(OMB COUNTY7 73 Svycamore, Illinlois, and hlie has iNow placed( tlhe industry in such shape that lie cai execute orders on short notice. Although lMr. Tomnlinson's farminig' and kindred interests cover such a wide range of activity that mlany a man would feel that he had no time for any outside interests, Mr. Tonlilnson has nevertheless extenldedl hIis efforts to other fields of labor. lie assisted in org'anizing^ the National Sand aiid Cement Block Comipaiiv, at No. 44 Jefferson avenue, D)etroit, which is capitalized for fifty thousand dollars and of which he is vice president and a director. The compl ny ownIS its own sand and gravel pits and furnishes sand, gravel, cemeunt and other comnunodities to building contractors. Ini addition to this they expect soon to iaiiufacture cemnent )locks for building purposes. Mr. Toilisoin aliso owns some good paying stock ill oil wells. lie is a mnan of re:iarkable l)usiness d(isceriimet, his judgnmentt beini' seldomn, if ever, at failt, and whatever lie undertakes is manag'ed with such care and iresolution that it becomes a p)rofitable investment. lie likewise belotigs to that class of representative Americaii citizens who, while promoting individual success, also contribute in lar'ce measure to the,general welfare. On the 6th of April, 1882, IMr. Tl'oimliiison was married to Miss Mirthy Treasure, a dau'ghter of Joseph and Speedy MIilton, of Milton, Chesterfield town\ship. Ier father was born in Somnersetshire, Emogland, and came to America iili 1832, settling on a farm inow ownied bly IMr. Tomlinson. ie died Apiril 14, 1879. His wife was a daughter of Joseph Ilerriman of New,Jersey, a1nd cane to Clhesterfield township, Macomb county. M1ichigai. in 1831, her husha nd arriving her'e the follo(wing year. They took up a tract of woodedl land and eIegan at once to make this a pr{odluctive farun. Air. Milton burined the timber. as there was no market for wood ii those (lays. They experienced many of the hardships ad( difficulties ici(let to lpioneer life. but in (lie coiiurse of time developed a g')ood farm p)rol)erty anid as the country became settled their products brought to them a good return when placed oii the city market. Mrs. Milton was miore than sixty year's a resident of this county and her deathl occurred(1 October 17, 1903. Mis. s. Tomlinson is the youngest of five children, having one sister, Mrs. Walters. of New Baltimore, andl three brothers, who are living on farms in Chesterfield township. tUnto Mr. and M1rs. \illianm Tomlinson were blor11 two childrent: IIlatta Amber, who is living iin lDetroit; and Worth Earl, who is with his father on the farm. Mr. Lomlinson is a Mnember {of Mouint Clemnens Lodge, 1. 0. 0. F., which hle joined in 1881. Ile is also a member o(f George Washington Lodge, Iin(lel)endlent Order of Foresters, and is likewise a miinember of MIilton G:range. Mr. Tomlinson is a ian. to whoum the mosts envious can scarcely grudge success, so well has he earned it and so admirably does hie use it. IIe is kind, unaffected and approachable and every comier has a claim on his courteous attention. There has been iiothing sensational in his career, every step has been thoughtfully and (leliberatelvy made and every advance has beeni at the costs of hard and self-denying labor. Ile starnds to-(tay in his mature years a strong man, strong in the consciousness of well-spentt days, strong to p)lani and perform and strong i, his credit and good namie. CAPTAIN WILIIAAM F. MILLEN. Capltain \Villiam F. Mlillen, who for mnanym years Nwas a sailor on the Great Lakes and for thirty-five years comand(led vessels as captain, is Ilnow living' retire(l il Inoimeo, where lie established his home i:n 1885. Ile was bormn ii Jeffersoin eouity. New York, August 5, 1843. Ilis father, 11ighland M1illen. enmigrated froiii the iiorth of Ireland to the new world when a younmg man, settling in, Jefferson county, anld b)ecamIIe a hotel lrop)rietor at AMillen's Bay on tle St. Lawrence river, which pilace was iiaiiedl in his hoiior. All of his children werie 1)bn there aind he afterward took up his alode uponl tlie farm which he cleared and imprl-oved, makiiig it a valuable tract, the p)rodulctive fields returning him good harvests. lIe carried on agricultural pursuits there throughout his remaninig days, passing away in 1880. Ile served as a custom house officer for two years and was proIninent and influential in comiinmunity affairs in his home locality, having all extensive acquaintance in that part of the country. Captain Millen was born on the old homestead and assisted in developinig the farm, while in the schools of Millen's Bay he pursued his education. IIe began sailing when a young man of sixteen years and was upon the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence river, going as far as Ogdensburg. lte sailed between Ogdensburg, Chicago, Duluth and Buffalo, handling grain and iron ore, and was captain of, a vessel of twenty-five hundred 74 74 ~~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMIB COUNTY tons, which was then considered one of the Iarg~e boats afloat. Such was his life, with the varied experiences of stormn and calmn npoii the water, nntil 1900, when. he retired and took up his abode ini Romeo, ia-king a permanent location here. Ilie was, at times, in several wreck-s and his vessel suffered considerable dlamage, huit no life was ever lost. In early life he fell to a distance of sixty f eet upon the deck of the vessel and was badly injured, this crippling him for about a year. but when he recovered he again went upon the water and his entire Ibusiness life has been spent as a, sailor. InI 1901 lie erected a neat, substantial residence onl St. Clair street, InI Romeo, and nowim enjI oyin aY u are rest. Onl the 28thi of Jalnuary, 1867, (,it Millhn s Bay, New York, M-r. Mlifllen was i iidto Mliss Delia Mayter, a native of theu Empire state. They became the parents of twxo chil(Iren: Clara, now the wife of Claro iice Beemn er of Romeo, by wvhoni she has three childireii (dIadys, Mlarceiline and. William: and G'a(Jmd wNho is the wife of Mlertoni B. Sumithi, elitorof the Observer of Romeo. -Politically Captain Mi111le is a(I eole~inort. lie cast his first presidential ballot for AIbra.hamn Lincohim, but has since chaiigecl his alleg(ia nec to the (lemocracy, to which- hie now oimves earnest suplplort. Ilie has served onI the 1)oard of review andI( was chalirmanl of the water board. His wife is a member- of the Conigregational. church and he attendls Its, services and contributes to its, supp)ort. Ilie has, inivested in farm p~roiperty as well as ]in realty in the village and is now thoroughly idenltifiedl with the interests of Mlacomni county, ife and] his famifly are imuch estecined here anMd thie hospitality of the best homtes of Romeo and the suirrounding (listri et is freely- a ccoirded theni. Captain. Mileieu is a, manl of social natuire, g-enial disposition and is ani enitertaining companion, who canl relate -m anyv interesting ineidemits of life on the, great l โ€”akes'. JOACIIII~if M. MAATTIEWS. Joachim M..Afattliews, is one of the worthy sons5 that Glermnaniy has furnished to this state, his birth having occurred in Mechlenburg, May 9, 18150. His;parents, Christiaim and Julila (Uplaeger-) 1\Iatthews, were also miatives of (lerniany. In 1870 he caine to Amierica, arrivinig in thi's county on the 4th of July of that year, aiid wheni he had been a resident of Ai\acomb county for two an1d a half years, his hiome beiiig ini Macomub township, his p~aremits ecam~e. Christiaiiil t thiews settled oii a farm in Chesterfield towiiship and carried oii agricultural lpursuiits there throughiout his remaining, days, his death occurring in 1892, wheimlhe was seventy-tliree years of age. hIls wife is still living in Mount Cleiemins. Although the pa reiits camie fromt Germnany the Matthiews faniihy is origiially Enoglish, the ancestors of our subject haing lived in England many e centu ries a go. Unto Christian aiid J ulia, Matthews were born eleven childreim, of wh1,lom seven are now living-: Mary, the wife of Fred Spaller, of Chesterfield township; Jioachimmi Christiani, of Mount Cleniens-;Luctetta the wife of John Krause; Annie, the wife of IHamimond Slmultz, living on the 01(1 homestead fa ri in CIli esterfield township; Theodore, of lonia, Mlcihicnmii and Ifenry, who is livling in Seattle, Washington. Those (eleeased. -are: Willicam. Augusta,,rand two who (lied in iinfaincy. M~r. -Matthewvs of this reviewi pursued his education -in the public schiools of (Gerinany aild -in 1870 lie, started for the Unjited States. lie, was flirst emlployedl on aI farm, lie then c.ame(- to M.1-a conib township. M acomint eounty, Miehoanand purchasedl land in.1872, becoining the owner of ahiboiit one, hutndredt amid twenty acres, oii whici hie erectedl good outbitncidi ngs and.l niacle Othler suibstantical intjprovelnents, reinamining there for sixteen years. On the expiratioti of that period hie tookc upr his abode inI the city of Mlount Cleimensi5, where lie openied a sa loon which lie comidmie1cted for fourteen yearis, when in 1899 lie sold this Imisimiess to,; his 'soiis. Iii 1908 he erected a, large butilding for livery hlmrposes, at the c-ornier of (oumirt amd M.1arket streets, a 11( the livery barii is 110w 0ondueted by- his soni P'aul nuder the firmni, unae of thie MIatthews Livery. It is splendidly -equipped ainl aI good Patrona ge is (n njo d;~ M11r. Matthews wias ma irriemd, in 1872, to M,~iss Mllary Sanders, a da ughiter of. John anid Frederika ( plaeger) Sanders, aiid. unto themi have been born five childremi: P~aul, the eldest, Who is engaged in business wvith his father, was marriedt ]in 1894 to Miss Nellie Cato, a (laughlter of Ru hiad C arton., of Detroit, Mi1chigan; Albert is engaoe'd in the saloon buisiness; Jomin was married inl 1903 to ~Julia Prinlgritz. of Mloiunt h(1eiiieis5 Joseph and Ch11ristian ca ic also resideuts of Monmt Cleienes. ilr. Matthews his been proimiinent iii political circles iii his city afiid coummty. Ilie served as alderman at laroc for JOACHIMI M. MATTHEWS. J i 0 I i i i I I i I i i i i i i i J i I P)AST AN\D PRESENT OF AMACOMB COUNTY 77 77 six years awli after-wa~rd ais alderitan of the third. ward for three years. lie wais also 1)001 commissi5oner for otie term, was school inspeetor ii ins township for severa~l years 811(1 inl 1902, wa~s canttdidate for sheriff of Mla(0moub eomnty. It was at -first thought that lie was elected, lbut 111)01 a reeouimt hie lost th lcIo iy twenty-one, votes. Ilis politieat, views ar Ic n a Ccordo with the (te~liloc racy 811(1d ini 1904 hie wavs,againi ean~i-iiate upo0l that tieket for the office of sheriff. rffis tn hepolled a strongo vote, the presidential] vote being ninieteenl hundred and lie only raii seventy-seveni votes behli-d that tieket, sliowing tb at he was a ponla 11c-r candidate..lie also received sonic of the votes of the prohlibition party, 1n(id iii his offiee hie has dliseharged his (dities il 8a niost commend.a1bl~e manner. lie is a11 Member of the, (Aer1i181 Lnthercan ehnrehl. Hle (conites of a sturdy eaee is ma of ooY i~uiuess hidudginent, self-reliant, fi~rm of purpose anid en~terprising. Ilie begani in the buisilliess world with((lit capital and steadily worked his way upward, anud to-day is the l)ossess0r of a, com.fortable competenice. In tile (diseharge of hli's duties hie is lpromipt and fearless and what hie has done awNiakens high commendation and trust. ROBERT POSNNEtt. Robert Posnier, who is engaged in the un(lerftaking business in Mlounlt (Aemtin(s -mnd is a pr-ominenit factor il 1olitItal circles, wavs boiri in Walo~lenbnrg, Pru1mssia, (xe maiux July 110, 1850, his parients beinig Anorust and Theresa (Leyer) Posner, who welle( natives of Prussia, and iBoheiniia respeutvxe t They c~ame to -America in 1854, setthno' inl Ableomlb township, Macombl county-, wh(eit th( father followed the occupa-tion of farming arid 815(o engraged in the manufacture of potash. Ile was a lbrilem-,iaker by trade and ( vriied on work- along( tha~t line for a, hrief teIod.0( Ile (lied at the advanced a-ge of seven ty-nine years anrd his wife passed awvay at the saiiie age. TIhic were the lcareiits of five children, but Robert is the only onle now living,. The others were August. (7ha irlotte, Christlina aind Throngott. August was also ain undertaker, having carried onl businiess at GArand Rapids, Michigan. Robert Posner, the fourth in order of birth, wvas educated in the German schools, at Waldenburg, Mhacomtb county, and he entered upon his business career ais a clerk ini a hard ware store in Mfoimt ClJemens, his employers Ileiig~c Robertson & Daley. Il~e entered their service in 1871 and remaiiied with them for nine years. Ile then purchased the business and formed a ipartnership with William Chittenden under the firm namie of Chittenden & P'osner. When three years hakd p~assed he plurchased M-Ar. Clhittenden 's interest and adiiiitted Anthony Czizek to a, partnership under the firm nanie of Posner & Czizek. Two years later Mr. Posner ileca in sole proprietor- anmd conducted the business alone for four years, at the cud of which time lie sold his ha~rdware store aind turned his attention to lthe livery business, which lie conducted with succes-s for eleven years. During the last three, years of that time he was also engaged in the undertaking business, beginning in this line lin 1896. On the 1st of Januiary, 1904, hie admitted his son, Robert W. Posner to a lpartnershilp under the firm style of Posner & Som, Ile, has Iprosper'ed in his undertakings and ha-s now a very extensive patronage. lie is a, professional embalmer and undertaker, thoroughily understanding, the latest inuproveimeiits in connection with the businless. Mr. P(osnICr1 intr-oduiced the, first ainbulan11ce iii Mount Clemlens..On the 17th of Maly, 1870, occurired- the iiiarriagc of Mr. Posner aiid Miss Mlary Kruie-,ger, the only (laugh-lter of John Krueocer' of Mfaeomb township, this coun11ty. T'heir childreii are: Robert W., TIheodore IT. anti Clarenecl C. On May 14, 19050, Mr. Posner was called upon to mourii the loss of his wife. M~r. 1'osner gives his ipolitical allegriance to the (leilocracy, is tieep)ly interested in its success, dioes all. in his, powver to promote its growth aimnt has been elected to office on its ticket, havingy served 110th as aldermian anti supervisor froni the thirdl wardi. Ilie is 11 man of fine phys file1., geilteiiipercamniit aInt social. (lisilOsitioi -and lie ni~akes friends wherever Ilie gOes,. His success iii life is tine entirely to his own-i well tiirected efforts, for he startedi out in the, humble capacity of a clerk without eapital anti has steadily worked his way upward until he is now one of the substanitial i'tizciis of MitClemiens. JOHIN I. CRISSMAN. John I. Crissm-an, who operates tile Canal Roller Mills in the village of Utica and is also president of the village, was born June 12, 1859, in Washington township, 1\Tacomb 78 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY county, his parents being David II. and Olive M. (Meeker) Crissman. The father was born in New Jersey and was of Dutch lineage, while the mother's people caine front New York, and in the Empire state her birth occurred. D)avid 11. Crissman followed the occupation of farming and on leaving New Jersey calme to MIichigan in 1832, settling in Washingtom township, where he purchased land that was wild and unimlproved. I tis father had bought a large tract of land which the sons inherited and in addition to the share wxhich he received David I. Crissman bought for hilmself about forty acres. This tract now belongs to a brother of our stubject. In the fanlily were four solns andl olne daughter, namlely: Bentjamin A., who is larried and lives in lTtiea, devoting -his attention to farming; Micihael J., who is mlarried and owns one of the old home farmls but makes his home in lRomeo; John I.; Charles s 0., who is living on the old family lhomesteaid and is married and lias two sons and three da(ughters; an(d Mertie E., the wife of (George E. Eckert, a lawyer of Detroit by wlhonl slhe as one daughter. John I. Crissman purselid his educationl in the country schools and in the gr aded schools of Washington, spending a year there. IIe early be:came familiar with farm work inl all its departments and continued llpon the home farm until he attained his mI.ajority, after which lie spent a year as a clerk iIl a general store in Frankfort. On the expiiration of that period lie came to IJtica to take charge of the mills here owned by his father. These are the Canal Roller Mills, with at capacity of seventy-five barrels per day. The plant is operated by both water and stea. power and does custom work. Mr. Crisslllman took charge of the mill February 24, 1882, and has since been manager. I-He also handles some realestate in Bay City and other points in Macomb county. In October, 1886, Mr. Crisslman was married to Miss Jennie Mullen, a daughter of Andrew and Priscilla (Connell) Mullen, who resided in Itica. IHer father was an engineer at different times on a nullmber of railroads but afterward retired and thus lived until called to his final rest. The Mullens were of English lineage and more remotely of Scotch descent, the name formerly being MacMullen. The mother of Mrs. Crissman was of Irish lineage. The daughter pursued her education in the schools of Utica and for about six years was successfully engaged in teaching in Macomb and Oakland counties. Unto Mr. and MArs. Crissman have been born two sons: I. Stanley, who was born July 26, 1893; and John Sherman, born December 31, 1896. Both are public school students in UItica. Mr. Crissman gives his political support to the delnocratic party with which he has affiliated since attaining his lmajority. HIe has served as township clerk and treasurer in Shelby township, filling the latter position for six years and at one tilme was a candidate for county treasurer but was defeated. For sixteen years he was a menember of the town board and for twelve years has been its president, while for eight years he has served on the school lboard. In all these offices he has discharge(d his duties witli Iprompttness, fidelity and calpability, putting forth effective and far-reachilg effort for the general good. lie belongs to Utica lodge, No. 75, A. F. & A. M., and both he and his wife are nmembers of the Order of Eastern Star, in which she is holding office. Mr. (Crissmanl is also connected with Utica lodge. No. 75, I. 0. 0. F., and the MIaccabees tent. No. 184. Ile has been steward for two years in the Masonic lodge, is noble gyrand in the Odd Fellows and finance keeper for the Maccabees. tIls wife is a mlembler of the Congreoational church and was worthy matron of the Eastern Star for several terms. They 1are prominent and influential ill co:lnmlunitV affairs in UTtica and he is regarded not only as a leading business main here but also as one whose efforts have been of laterial benefit in behalf of general progress. AUt: UST l)ITTRICI.. August Dittrich, living on section 8, Clinton township, and proninent in public affairs of his locality, is classed with the early settlers of Macomb county, having arrived here on the 4th of July, 1849. fle was born in Saxony, Germany, December 11, 1837, and was brought to America by his parents when a lad of eleven or twelve years, the family home being established in MIacomnb county. lIe had fair school advantages which prepared himl for the transaction of business and the performance of life's practical duties and his training at farm labor was not meagre, for fromn an early age he assisted in the cultivation of the fields on the old home place. After arriving at years of mnaturity he was married, in 1865, to Miss Caroline Dittrich. lie returned to the fatherland and was there narried, after which he brought his bride to PASTrl A-NI)fPRESENNT OF MfACOMNB COUNTY 7 79 the new wvorl(1 and settled upon the f arm wh~ichl is yet hIs hom11e. Ile seeurled this land, building the fences and1 opening lip the fields, carryilig 011 agricultural lpirsuits with good sucecess. 'When hie had followed fannliing- here for a inimb~er of years after his inarriage hie was called 111o01 to mourni the loss of his wife, Who passed ~Naway alboit 1867, leaving one son, Franik 1)ittrieh, wAho is nFow in Mlonnt Clemenls. Mir -Dittrich of this review wcas marricei again in 1-880, his s5cond iliion lbeing NN7ith lenrie tta, Fox, who was horn ini Mfaomb) counity nid is a.dauighter of ()'Fustavns Fox, a nativec of C onnecticut and a, soni of Joel Fox, who n( x ih hi failytolichigan about 183() being one of the early settlers of this part of the staite and with its pioneer (levelol)mieent hie was closely connected. (4iusta-vns Fox was mi-arried to Milss Sarah IBurn~hanm, a, ntative of New York. Ilie entered land front the g-overnmlent, clearing) and iniproving a farn `1)I, and thiereon reared his familly and spent ins remiaining days, his death occurring here When he had almnost reached tile very venera.bl1e age of niniety-five years, departhino this life in Novembher, 1904. There is one S01l by tile second marriage, Harry IDittrich, who is a machinist by trade and assst hi fteri (carrying on- the homie farmi. Augnst Dittrich has devoted his entire life to acgricnltnral1 pu rsnits, is thoroughly c~onversant with tile best mnethods of tilling the soil in this part of thle county and lby Ihis, persistent e'ncroy and unremitting diligenice has "a ille d a place among the substantial citiitns of Clinton towiislip. Ilie never falter s in his alIlegiance to the demtocratic p)arty., having iceill trule to its lprillciples Since Cast~illo his first presidential ballot for Janies Buchmanan Ile was elected and served for niiii vedsss cis highway coinmissionler, during \wlli( fitllii( Ile laid out ioads, built b~ridges aend otherwise improved tll( district in this direction. Later lie was ele cte aiiid served for twenty consecutive years as ]iistice of the peace, -a fact which indicates his faitbfntlncss to duty and his fairniess aind eqnty in tile trial. of the different CQ41s5 whuich ii r. presented before himt. hIls Ovcnl-hand(ed justice 'wIomi him g-olden Opinions, from- all sorts of peopl)e. ' The cause of etiucation has also found ill him a warm friend and as a school trustee aend as school director hie hias given his intlienec(, for- tile improvenment Of the schools. lie and his wife aittenid the, Methiodist, Episcopa-,l clmrch hut lie was reared iii the Evangelical falith. Later, hiowNever, lie joined the Methodist church with his wife, wh1-o is active in- the work of the chmrch., especially in the Ladies' Aid Society. M~r. Dittrich has long been regarded as one of the leading and influential citizeiis of Cliintoii township, the numerous official positions which he has filled indicatingt the trust and confidence relposed in him hy his fellow townsmeiie. Ilie has ever been found worthy of high regard and his namie should also he enrolled aiioiig the lpioileer settlers, for duiring fiftysix. years lie has lived in this part of tile state. PAUL L-EUISCIINEKf, MA. D. iPaul 1Ecuselnier, p)hysiciaii aiid surgeon of.Mount Clemens, whose practice evinces a strict adherence to higli professioiial ideals, was born inl Detroit, Michigan, June 24, 1862, and is, of Giermian liiieaoc). Ilis grandfather. John Christian Lcnschncr, was eiigaged in teaching school in Leip)sic, Germany, and at the coinmaiid of the king, during the wvar of 1812, lie saved a reginient of (Gcriiian soldiers by leadingi( themi to a. place of concealment in a, wood, while the French armny was passing. h1is sonl, Otto L1-eusehuer, born in. Germiany, caine to America in early Iinanhloodl audi was a pioneer cheienst of D)etroit, where for a numnber of years lie wa~s proprietor of the International Drug S,'tore. Ilie was married in this country, in the ',-Os, to M1iss C-aroline hlumbulrg, whose father was a druggist of Borham, Germiany, and a. man of influence in hins citv. Ilie served ais mayvor and in other positions of local promiinence for forty years and died at the venerable age of eigh1ty โ€”nine. Otto Leusehner died in iDetroit in 1858, at the age of forty-six years. Unto hini and his wife were borni sevene children. Paul Leusehuer, tile fifth in order of birth, began his educatioii in the puhlic schools of Glermanly ad i~ilter w~lent. abroadt with his iiiother aild 1)rothcr IRichiard, the sons, beinoplaced in school in the fatherl~and. Paul ILeuscelmeir studied ipharim acv anmd after his return to Anmerica hie, hecaimie an apprentice in that hune andh wais evenitually graduated fromt the Philadelphia, C olicoc of Pharmacy with the class of 1887. l~e thieii pursued a course in medicinie and surgery in the -MichignColleg-e of Medicine and Suraerv- and w~hen lie hind wNon. his degree ciitered upon lpractice in Demtiroit, where lie rcmaiiicc for a year. liii 1-898 lie, cae t~o Moun.1t Clemens, w\Nhere hie ha~s siii( iijo-ycd a, lucrative patronag'e, conltiungo hIls,attentioui to office and bathiDr. LEuschn(11 isa iclmlmbcr of the Northeastern Mledicali Society. Ilie is a nian of firm, 80 8o ~~PAST AND PRESENT OF MfACOMlB COUNT resolute character, is careful ani painstaking in his practice and entertains high ideals, while his professional service mnanifests strict conformity to a high standard of medical ethics. I1is office is splendidly cluilppTed with all mnodern tevices for the furtherance of the labors of the physician. Ile is a mlan of fine appeai1rance, and comm.Iands the respect and confidence of all, white his friends hold himl in wVarmerlllst rega, rd. LEANi)ER 11. IIERRIMANi. Leaiider 11. Hlerriunani, a represcntative, farmer of Macomb cou-nty, was born June 28, 1840, in Chesterfield township. His grandfather, Joseph 1-lerrimrlan1, was a, native of New Jersey and came to this coiluty in 1831, during the pioneer eipocli in its developnient. Hie punrchased abont four hundre(d acres of ianld ill Clhesterfield township from the governmient and while establishing ohis home here and developing a farn hie experienced many hardships, being (leprived of many of thle conveniences andl comforts to which lie had been accustomedi in his old home in the east. The (Fentire trip westward had been inade with a, teamt of horses, ani sleigh antd in some places it was necessary to cut their way through the forests, the trees being so close that the sleigh could not pass between them. On reaching the Detroit river it was found that they would have to cross oil ice, but it had not frozen solidly enough and the horses lroke through and Mr. Ilerrinman and his family had ia narrow escape fromn drowning. They finally reached Detroit and after inaking several trips into the country surrounding that city, the grantdfather finally pnrchased Ca tract of land in Chesterfield township. Four of his children remnaited with him to help) clear anti inllrove the farmii ant upon that property he spent his remaining days, passing away in 1863. Jfohn 1-errinian, father of Eanider 11. ITerrimanii, was a. native of SNewv York, born in 1803, near Phelps, Ontario c~ounty, and hie was twenty-five years of age when, in 1830, he came to Mlacomlib county, Michigan, settling ill hesterfield towiiship. Iere lie ipurchased eighty acres of governument la(nd on the G'ratiot road, aid ill order to reach his farn he had to cut his way tlhrough densc underbrush, for the roads at that time had not been laid out to any great extent and there was mnuch hard work that fell to the lot of the early settler. Mlr. 1-erriman began at once to imnlprove and cultivate his land. He buirned the timber iii order to get ridi of it, for there was thei no mcarket for wood. The first few years the only crol)s that he coult raise were corn and potatoes. Ile belonged to that class of resolute frontiersmtteniI, who bravely faced the dlangers alnad difficulties of life in the west in order that they might make homnes for their famniiies, and as the years passed by his labors were rewarded by a coinfortalle coinileteunce. le ni arriet MAatilda Kirkhiani also a niative of the Enipire state. Leander Ii. iterriinan is inidebted to tIhe public schools of _.Maercomb county for the educational privileges he enjoyed. When only ten years of age lie began iwork in the fields and thus was unable to attend school through the snumn-er months,, althouto-h he continued his studies in the wimiter seasons until nineteei years of age. Ile early becamne faniliar with farm work in all of its dlepartninents dnli ( ontinued to assist his filther until thtirv-six years of age, when hie rented a farni1 for two years. iAt the sameic tinie lie iPurehased a tract of tinber lIand froni which lie cut the trees anil then sold the wooti. WJhenl lie wa~s thiirty-eight years of age he w-as given his Present farm aimd this has since beei his home. Its splendid appearance indicates his carefutl supervision and shows him to be a thrifty, cncr~etic agriculturist, who thorough ly unidersti rids the best methods of ccariing for the fields. All of the buildilllngs aiid fences npoli his 1)1 it (ire kept in good condition anti th eam in Jresents a, very iceat anti thrifty aippeaittanic( A. 11rmi1M has jma te manmy unprox( itwiazits here. Ile relilt a large barn in 1902: the following y ear erectet a new residence ai ml he has since remotleled the house, makingm a. very ipieasaint homne. D)uring the past ten years he has given consideirble attetition to the tlairy businless and his stock inclutes some thoroughbred Jersey cows. Ile seidils all of his iiiilk to thee Chesterfield creamnery, of which, he wa's onle of the oruoan-izers an1d is iiow a stokliholder. MAr. hierrinman ha~ts lieen married- twice. lieI first waedde0d Fanmiic WanI'llner, a daughter of Reubeni Warner, of New Yorki, the wetidhing takiing -lplacc on Novemnber 20, 1862. There were five chiltrem born of this marri~age, but only one is living-Judson (G., who was the youngest and is still with his father. The (heceased are: Edna L., who mnarricei Fhreld Derring, of New Baltimore, and dlied in August. 1899; Jessie V., tme wife of AMonroe Blakeley. MRS. JOHN HERRIMAN JOtHN HERRIMAN JOSEPH HERRIMAN L. H. HERRIMAN MRS. L.. H. HERRIMAN PAST AND PRESENT OF MIACO:AIB COtNTY8 83 of Chesterfield township, her death occurring November 25, 1895; and Williamil and Allie, who died in infanlcy. The wife and inother passed away in April, 1880. For his second wife Mr. Ilerriman chose Phoebe (Rogers) Todd, a daughter of Williaml iand Lydia Rogers, of Alila, (G:ratiot county. Th'I'ey were married ()October 22, 1884. 'I'here is one child 1y:iArs. Ilerriman's formler mnarriage-s Lydia, Louise, the wife of Marshall Lefurgey, a fulniture dealer alnd undertaker of Mount Alorris, lAiclhigan. Mrs. Ilerriman's father was born in Schoharie county, New York, Septelmber 16, 1820, and in 1849 removed to Alnia, (Gratiot county, Michigan, where he op)ened a blacksmith shop, conducting that business until 1861. Ile then. enlisted as a, private of the Eighth Michigan Volunteer Infantry. The regimllent was at once ordered to the front and after experiencing the usual hardships and rigors of war he was mnustered out with shattered health at the close of hostilities. lie then returned to his home in Alma, but not being able to follow his trade, lie retired from. active business life. While visiting his daughter, ItMrs. Herriman, in 1903, he became ill and died on the 24th of D)ecember of that year, his remllains being taken to Alma for burial. lMr. Hlerriman is a Ien-lber of Miltoi i(ranlge and his wife is lecturer therein. She has given every lnotherly care and attention to the children of her husband's first marr iage. Ile possesses a genial disposition and kindly spirit that have gained himni many friends anmong his leigohbors and acquaintances in Mlacomb) couity. IHere he has spent his entire life and is, therefore, largely falliliar with lnuch of the history, development aild progress here. Ile has taken just pride in what has been accomiiplislhed and as aIn agriculturist he has borne his full part in the work of advancenlent and progress calong this line. J()IHIN -AI (- CAFFEILT Y, tj R. Rolmeo has a large l)opulation of retire(d men-mlen who for mlany years have been active and enlterp)ising ill b)siness affairs, carefully nalllailn theirp illterests until as a r'esult of their close a pplication, diligence aIl( keen bu)siness discecrimlelt, they have aceliired a colilletenellc tllt en(iables them to put aside fllrther labors. To this class b)eloigs I1. cCafferlty, \whlo, for a nulmbl)er of years \\as slccessfllly engag(l ill fllillng andll in stock-raising and shipping. I-Ie has always been a resident of Alacomlb county, his birth having occurred in Bruce township, October 20, 1838. Ile represents one of the honored pioneer famnilies here, his father, John McCafferty, Sr., having arrived in this county in 1826, when the work of p)rogress and imllprovelnent had been scarcely begun. I-Ie took up a tract of land in the midst of the forest about two Imiles froml Romeo. There were no roads and only a trail led the way to his place. The land was covered with the native forest trees but soon the sound of his Iax awakened the echoes there and he continued the work of cultivation until he had opened up a good farln which was made to bloom and blossomn as the rose. le reared his family upon this farm and there carried on agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1861. His wife died the year previous. In their famlily were three sons and four daughters who reached adult age, while one sister and a brother of our subject are now living. John McCaffertv, Jr., was reared on the old homestead farml and like the family experienced many of the hardships and difficulties incident to life on the frontier. lie was educated in the home school and when not occupied with thie duties of the schoolroomlm worked in the fields, assisting largely in the plowing, planting and harvesting. Although his educational privileges in youth were somewhat limited he has become a well informed mlla as the years have passed by. Ile remained with his father until he ha(d attained his majority and thelm lbegan workilng b)y the umonth, )eing thus emllployed for sevell years, remaining; with two mlen during that entire period. ITe saved his earninos alnd )purchased a tract of wild land, blecoming the ow(ner of forty acres which was covered iwNith timber. IIe cut d(own the trees, (lrubbed iilp the stumps and in course of time had rich fields where before stood the unbroken forests. Later, as his financial r'esources incleased, he boulght more land frmnm time to tiie and eventually became thle owner of olle hundred and ei;ghty acres. This he afterward traded for a farmn of two huIdred alnd fifty-two acres on section 6, Ray township, east of Rolmeo. This was a well improved and valuable p)roperty and(1 i. M\cCafferty p)aid six thlolsand dollars as thlle ifferenci in the valule of the two places. Tims he )(becamle the owner of one of the best farms in all of Ray township and il caonnection with the tillingl of the soil lihe engagced il raisinlg 84 PAST AND PRESENT OF 1IACO1AB1 C(NTY and feeding stock, making a specialty of fattening lambs for the market, usually feeding' and fattening about four hundred each winter. lie was active in his farming and stock raising interests until 1902, when he sold his farm and removed to Romeo. 1lere he is engaged inl loaning1 money and in investing ill farm and town property. lie has also been a director of the Farmers Miutnal Insurance Comupany for fifteen years and for twenty years he served as a director in the Armada Agricultural Association. 11e has ever been interested inl those things which tend to promote the welfare of the agriculltural] class, that render their lahbors more effective and produce better results, and in all his work he is progressive as well as practical and by his ready adoption of modern methods his farml was umade to yield a splell(lid fillnai ial return. IMr. MIcCaffertv was larriel, m Arnad(la, in 1862, to Miss Louisa IHewlett, a native of AMaool.) county, who was btorn ad(! educated in Armadla. They had no child ren of their own,,ut reared. and a edicated a niece, Mliss Belle hewlett, who was grad(lted from the Romeo high school ad died( Sepl)tLIember 14, 1903. Mi. MI Ca. lafferty lost his wife in 1904, her death occurring on the 7th of April, of that year. Mr. and Mrs. Mc('aficerty visited her sister in San F rancisco (lriiiio 1873, spending five weeks in California. McCafferty now has a miece, Lena I iewlett, with himr. She acts as heir ncle's houisekeepe' a(nd is also a student in the I Romeo schools. In his political views Mr. MlcCafferty is a stanch democrat, but has never soug-ht or desired office, p)referri ng to ()oncenltrate his eiiergoies and ttent ii lpI)oil his businss s iess affairs an(l other interests. In MITasonry' h{e lias attained the Royal Arch (legree antd lhas served as captain of the chapter for several terms. While not a member of any clihirch hie isually attentids the services of the ( ong'rieatioal church and eontrilbutes liberallyv to its support. IIis history is that of a nob!le life f'romi the fact that his advaiiecemeit has been acquired entirely throuighI his own labors. Thouigh no lan(d is richer ill oloi'tuuilmies or offers greater advantages to its citizens than America, success is not to be obtained through desire, but imust be peisistently sought. In America "labor is king,' and1 the man who resolutely sets to work to accomplish a purl)ose is certain of success if lie lias but the qualities of perseverance. mimti ring energy and practical common sense. Mr. McCaffertv is one whose career excites the adiirationi and gains the respect of all, for through his diligence anld Ipesistent purpose he hlas won a, lea(ling p)lace il Romeo. FERI)lNANI) W. MATZ. Ferdinand W. Ilatz, who is fillinig the office of county treasurer, his promptness and fidelity in the discharge of his dities winning hi m comnnmendation, was born in (:ermany,. November 25, 1857, and is a son of Ferdinand A. and Ernestine (Sucow) Matz, who were also natives of (Germnany and after their imarriage remnoved to Niagara county, New York, while in 1875 they becamne residents of Cliiton township, in 5Iacomnb connty, Iiclhigal. Ilere the father purchased a tract of land and carried on farming throughout his remainaing days. Hie passed awa-y March 9, 1898, at the advanced age of eighty-four years, and his wife died November 28, 1878, at the age of sixty-one years. Ini their' fiamilxy were six children of whom three arie now liviii, namely: August, a resident of Sterlinog township; Charle.s, who is living in (Clintoi townshipand Ferdinand W. Those (leceased are: Fred. who died in South I)akota Augustai, who died at the age of nine years; and Louise, who passed away at the a(ge of ninmueteeCi years. Ferdinand W. MIatz was a public school student in G(eriany uitil foirteen years of age and followinlg the emig'ration of the fainily to Am,erica he spent two wintoer seasons in the public schools of Niagara county, New York. Later he was a student for two years in Lewiston, New York, andt during the sulmler months he worked upon a farim. In 1875 he came to AMichigan with his father. the family home being' establishec l iii Clinton township, and there he assisted in general agricultural pursuits until 1880, when he bought the fartim of his father. l(He still owns the old ho-miestead, which is splendidly uinp)rovedc in keeping with modernm methods. There is a fine resi(ldece (upon the place, two large barns, othe r substaintial outbuildilngs. excellent wells, the latest improved machinery, and imm fact everythimim' iee(led to keep his farum in first class ceo,(ilition. For six years lie has beem seciretary of tle (G'ermai Farmlers Fire Insurance (Company of Mlacomb and Wayne coummmties and oduring the period of his imceumbency the capital stock was increased froimi two million, five hun(]red PASIT ANI) PRESENT (')F MIIAC(,OMI. (CO()TN 85 thousand dollars to three Iliilli)on, tllree hlundred thousand dollars. In public affairs he is (deeply ilnterested and is a wetll knlown advocate of rep)llulianl principles, doingl all in his )ow\er to proillote the orowthl anl(l insure the siccess of his party. IIe -(was elected treasur'er of A1la(ollmb county on the republicanl ticket in 1902 by a majority of three hundre(d and sixty-five, and1( no higher testimonial of his ( pable service, his I)ro)tptness and reliability ca bh)e given than the fact that he was re-elected in 1904, by a, majority of thirteen hundlred a nd eighty-six. Ile belongs to the (Gerlnan Lutheranl church of Mount Clemens and1 is intereste(d il all that pertains to the la ter1ial, political liand:loral progress of his comillllluity. On the 10th of Martlch- 188(), Mrl. lMatz \was united in marriagte to AIiss AIl inie Bahllllan, a daughter of John Bahlman of Clinton township. Macomb county. Unto theml have been born seven childrenl. Those livingl are: AIinnie E., the wife of Alfred Bolle, who resides o11 the old lhomlestea(d farm anId has one daughter-Looretta (O)ttilie, E(dgar J., Williiam, (and 1I-ary, all at lholml. IThlose dlcease d are: lIelen, lwho diedl Jalnluay 15, 1892; and( Ferdinand J. W., \ who died MaIv 28, 1902, at the age of seventeen years. hMr. Mlatz has now al(lde llis home in Macofton) colnllt for thirty yelas lad during this perio(l has witnessed Iilany changes as consecutive progress hias bee11 madne along liles of lnormal ilmprovemIIent. WILLIAMf F. K-RiACIIT. William F. Kracht, who is filling the position of city clerk and is also connected with the lilmlnufacture of the Kraeht pianos, his inenitive gelnius addilng lulch to the iliprovement of that ilstrumlent, wa s b)ori ill Detroit, Michigan Augllst 28, 186:3 and is a represeltaitive of one of tle (old fallilies of this state, his patermal g'ra In(father, Frederick Kraeht, having locat(d here at an e arly day. The father, rJohn Kracht, was a inative of (Iernillny, lbut ill early life camlle to the United States 1and was here Illarried( to AIiss Minnie Brandt, also a native of Geran.inv. His death occurred in Miount Clemlnl(ss whlen he was sixty-four years of age. lie had devoted his time and energies to farmling duriing the early part of his business career. In his family were three children. 'I'he imaternal grandfather, 'Frederick Braindt, was born in Ger manvy and following his emigration to Amnerica became a resident of Roseville, Macomb county, MIichigan, where he engaged in farmingl. ie died in 1871, at the age of sixtyeight years. Williami F. Kracht pursued his education in the conmmon schools and after putting aside his text-books he learned the trade of a cabinet-mllaker and pia(no manufacturer. Ile was emlployed in that way for seven years in Detroit, durilng which tiiiie lie 1mastered the business in every departmleniit. In 1884 he came to Mount Clemens, where he established a general Imercantile store whichl he conducted with sulccess until 1902, Twhen he waas elected to the office of city clerk. IHe still has business interests here, however, having been one of the promoters of the Kracht Piano Conmpany, and he now devotes the greater part of his leisure tiime to invention, having made a lilmilber of imlprovemlenits upon the piano and several new devices, which the mulsical world recognizes as valuable. Ile is greatly interested in his work along this line and possesses much nlechanical skill and ability. In Decelnher, 1884, Mr. Kracht was united in marriagoe to Mliss Anna Brandt, a daughter of Frederick Brandt and thev have one child โ€” Iarry C. Politically Mr. Kracht is a republicanl and in 1(902 was elected city clerk by a maIjority of three hundred and thirtyfoiur. That his service was capable and mnost satisfactory to the public is indicated by the fact thlat he xwas re-elected in 1904 by an increased mlajority, his vote being five hundred and iinlety-eight in excess of his opponent's. Frlaternally le is connected with Mount Clelnens lodg(e, No 6. 6,.. &. r., and for sixteeii years ie s beeen a llenbler of the AIaccabees. and fo' six years was secretary of Lodge No. 163, K.. T. l. le. is also connected with the MAodenl Wooditen of Amlerica, and the Arbeiter Society, in -which he is now serving as arbeiter. IIe is popular with the people, having the lqalities of mnanlhood Awhlich gain hil wxaril friendship and high regard and in business and political circles he has gained a prolinelnt llace in Mount Clemens anld Macobl) coIiunty. CHARLES A-MIEL MAIILjLER. Charles Ami2el Miller, now living retired inl New Baltimore, has for forty years made his home in this county and has contributed in substantial measure to the imlproveinent and upbuilding of the city in which he 86 PAST AND PRESENT OF MAACBCOB COlUNTY lives through his activity in business affairs and co-operation in public measures which have for their object the welfare and progress of the locality. He was born in Baden, Germany, October 16, 1846, near old Fort Strausburg, a son of F:rederick C. and Louise (Sulzer) Miller, also natives of Baden. They came to America in 1852, settling in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where Frederick Miller conducted a m-eat market until September 3, 1864, when lie removed to New Baltimore, M ichigan, and purchased a mleat market fromn James ltathawayr. This he conducted until 1882, when he retired from active business life. lle is still a stockholder in the New Baltimore creamlery and also in the New Baltimore Elevator Company and he yet owns his farm il Chesterfield township, near New Baltimore. Ile was at one time a member of the city council, and has been active and influential in community affairs. lie made two trips to Europe, the first in 1878 and the second in 1893, visiting his old home near Fort Strausburg and also relatives living in Switzerland. Ile is still a much respected citizen of New Baltimore. His wife died there of pneumonia, January 19, 1895. HIer father, Jacob Sulzer, was a talented iusician. IIe was educated at the University of Ileidelberg, (ermalny, pursuing a course of civil engineerinmg. lie taught school for a, number of years and in his earlier life he was a soldier under Napoleon Bonaparte. Charles Amliel Miller begall his education in the public schools of (Germany and when seven years of age carme with his parents to the United States, continuing his education in the public schools of P'hiladelphia until fourteen years of age. ITe entered upon his business career as a clerk in a grocery store, where he relainled for a year, alndl in 1862 he engaged in the meat bulsiness, whi(ch he followed in the east for two years. IHe removed to New Baltimore, Michioan,l January 8, 1865, and here lie engaged in the sanme line of business in connlection with his father until 1882, when he purchased his father's interest and was sole proprietor until 1892, when he sold out and is now livingl retired. I-e prospered in this undertaking, as well as in other lines of business activity to which he directed his efforts. lie is now a stockholder in the New Baltilnore Creamery Colmpany and in the New Baltinmore Elevator Company, and in 1878 he went to Colorado and Idaho to investigate mining interests and make investments. IMr. M iller's fellow townsmnen, recognizing his worth and ability, have frequently called him to public office. lie was a member of the council of New Baltimore for eleven years and justice of the peace for six years, being elected on the demlocratic ticket, his political allegiance having always been given to that party. IIe is a charter Ilember of New Baltimore lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and also of New Baltimore tent, K. (. T.:M. He was finance keeper in the latter in 1883 and was instruimental in promlotiIlg the growth of the tent until it is now in thriving condition. lie is a devoted and helpful memlber of the New Baltimore Congregational church. On the 21st of April, 1872, Mr. AMiller was married to Miss Caroline Nelson, a daughter of Neals and Catherine Nelson, of New Baltimore, both of whomu died in 1899. The children of AMr. and Mrs. Miller are: Clara; Frederick K., a mlelmber of the Macomnb county bar; Jennie; Yola, who died (ctober 24, 1904; Gusta, an assistant ill the New Baltimore postoffice; and Pauline, at home. In 1900 Mr. Miller visited Colorado, Utah and New Mexico for the benefit of his lcealth and returned much ilmproved to New Baltimlore, where he and his family still reside. Ite is a, man of sound judgment, who has won success and an honorable nam.e in his business career. JUDSON S. FARRAR. The name of,Judson S. Farrar figures p)rominently in connection with political, mlilitary and business history of AMount Clemens, and his record in all these relations is one whhich any man might be proud to possess, it having been characterized by unswerving loyalty, fidelity and capability. He was born in Mount Clemens, August 23, 1836, his parents being Matnson and Sibel Farrar. Ile pursued his education in the M:ount (lemens district schools and the Detroit high school, front which he was gradulated in 1854 and for onie winter terml he engaged in teaching inl a counitry school in St. Clair county, MIichigan. When twenty-one years of age he entered mercantile life as a member of the firm of Babcock & Farrar, dealers in drugs and groceries, of Mount Clemens, but in 1861 he disposed of his interest in this store to W. C. High. lIe was led to this step by his desire to be free to enter the lUnion army and he served through JUDI)SON S. FARRAR. ii P~AST ANI) PRESENT OF IAOM3 OT 89 89 oit the~ Civil1 xv-ar becoiih), a Hiiiiiliber of Coinpany 13, Fifth MAichilgan Volunteer InfaniIPv. lie was mjusfteicd iuito service on the 19th of 'Junie, 1861 and was inl commiand of his compniaiy as taptaiti at the siegre of Yorktownil andl the battlts of Williamsburg, Seven PInes anid Fair (Oal's n-utd during, the severe filihting' arouMndi Ru hlniond. Ilie was ill e(mamai11( of his regim11ent at MIalivern JIll and Hlarris~on Landing' and in September-, 1862, was p~roimoted to lieutenant colonel of the Twenty-sixth Miehiugan Volunteers and e,,olo)nlel inl Deceenber of the scame year. lie was inl comnimand. of his reg-iment at the siege o)fSfok Virgunla, and was plaeed in comamand of Tlerry 's )r igrade during the mo,1vemlenits subsequnet to the retiring of 1,ongstreet from Snffolk AIn May,183 e Wa's also inl comlmand of his reg-iment in New York city donriiig the great riots in July, 1868. Ile atfterward rejoined the. Army of the Potomac, assignedl to the first brigamde, first divisionl, second~ armly eorPs. lie Coininanded his regiment (luring- the camipaign, includingr the nmovemeneit a cross the Rapi~la, and at Mline Bun,. Colonel Fa rra r received honorable men - tion and reconimendcation for p~romnotion in,general ordiers fromt Major Fairbank~s and Generals Berry, Terry, Warreii and G'enleral Nelson.A. Mliles. Ilie was honorably discharg-ed fromt service Mfarch 29, 1864, 011 ar suoo scertificate of disalbility Ilie hias alwys been ineete mniilitariv affairs and during the years of 18S912 lihe was adjutaut general, wNithi the rank of brlgradier oueneral, of the state troops of \hechigan. Ile has longr niaintained pleasant irelations wvith his 01(1 airmy conirades thiroiigi his lnenbership in I1. D. Terry post, No. 2161 GJ. A. II., at Mounit Clemens, and the Loyal Legion. Following his retuirn fromt tlie Civil war G_1enerall Farrar was -appointedl in 1866 to the position of internal revenue collector for the fifth (listrict of Michigan by P~resident.Johnson. From- 1867 until 1872 lie, traveled through Wyomium A Montan.a, Ida 110 and Utah, lbeing en gaged Inl min11ing and muercanatile ventures. In the year 1880 hie was elect((1 register of deedls of Maconmb counlty and served for three consecutive terms, canid served two terms as mayor of Mlount Clenieiis, after which hle was ap~pointed United Sta tes coimsul, inS187, to Port Sarnia1, Ontario, by P~residenmt Cleveland, acting in that capacilty for fonr years. Since 1895 hie hias been interested inl the coa-l a-nd wood businiess at Mlount Clemens amid( at the lpresent writing, InI 1905, is treasurer of tile Lonsby L-uniler & Coal Company. Oni tile 9th of August, 1864, in Geneva, New York, Genieral- Farrar wNxas married to Miss Carrie Eldredge, a, daughter of Robert P. Eldredge, of Mlount Clemens. They had onie son, It.,J. Farrar, wh~o died Februarv 25), 19(X). A daugohter, Kate, is tile wife of Johii R. Snook, of Mlount Clemens, and two (laugliters-lBelle Land Grace-are at home. Another memiber of their household is Marionl, a da(Jaihter (If Robert J. and Cassic (lBrehler) Farra~r, 1)0th (If whoni are deceased. Gxeneral. Fa-irra~r belongs to Mount Clemens lodg-e, No. 6, A. F. & A. Ml. He is a getimer~os-spirited, broad-minded mnan and a ru ype of tile American spirit and an cilbodillcnt. of that p~rogress which in the last few years has dIrawii to this country tile adinmiring( g'aze (If the nations, of the worl.](I ()LNEY CULVER. Olney Culver, who is engaged in the furniture Land underta king- business of Richmond, wNas horn in M-aconib) township, Macomb county, Mlichigani, July 28, 1852. His father, D~avid Culver, wNas horn near SrcsNew \ork, andi(IA? wa sa son (If Joiiathian C'ulver, who died(1 urinig thme early, boyhood (If D)avid Culver. Th'le latter caime toI Michigan at an early llerioId in the (levelopienet (If this part of the state, settlinig oIl section 22, 2ilacoinb- township, wAhere he transformed a tract (If land iiito a valuable fcarmingio lroperty. Ilie wvas al publicspirited citizen and the genieral wNelfare was a1 iiatter (If (leeI iiiterest to hiiii. lie married Lydia, Pendell, who was also borii near Svyracuse, NewAA York, aiind 11cr death occurred Iin 18f58, w~hile lie Ilassed away in 1863. They wAere the plarenlts (If eighlt children, of whomn L-orenzo, time thlird1 in order of birth, becamie aSoldier of tile Civil war, servinov with the Seveiitli Michiogaii Infant ry umitil honorably (hiscilarg-ed on acc(Iilmt (if ill health. lie afterward joined the nax-v with which hie, was conimected f or a Ier. lie made his home in M-ount Clemens, where lie encraced inteaching school,,and his death occurred in 1872. Olney. Culver, the youngest soim of thme family, spent his boy-hood (lays Oil the hionme farm, wvorking~ in thme fields through the siinmer months while in the winter sea~sons he attended the public schools. Wheii nineteen years of age he spent a, year in IHillsdale, Michigan. and. afterward spent four years ill Mluskegon, go 90 P~~1AS,-T AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I1liehigan, w~here he clerked ii a dry-goods store. IHle afterward removed to Richmond and secured a clerkship in the store of Cooper & Son, while subsequently lie spent some time in the river towns in the serviee of different boats. In May, 1886, he came to Richmond and purchased the furniture and undertaking business of Thomas l)ennison and has since been identified with mercantile pursuits of this city. Hle has a well equipped store and has secured a liberal patronage. On the 4th of March, 1883, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Culver and Mliss Libbie Gilbert, who was horn in MIlemiphis, Michigan. where her father-, Alvin Gilbert, conducted a hotel for many years. She represents an olui and prominent faiinly of this part of thi stite. Mr. and IMIrs. Culver have one child, Inez. Mr. Culver has serve(l as treasni Iv of the school board for the past twelve yeal is and ha.s filled other villagle offices, tiktin" active interest in,affairs pertaimiung to publc progress. Ile belong-s to the 0(11 Fellows lodge and has several- tunties filled alt its ehains lie is practically a self-educated mtian and is well informed, keepming ini touch with the geineral progress of the timies along all linies. hlis position as a citizen and business manits enviable and hie enjoys the n-armii reg-ard of all with whom he has been associated1. WILLAAAi R.COE William 11R Cole, eigageoid 4in fairmingii(- andul dairying in HIIarrison townshbip, hias an, excellent and vei vldesir ible fariii liropletty of one hundred andl foirty icres, coniveniiently iocatedl within a niill( aid a half of the couri-thouise in Mount Ceiiens. Livino, in siieli 5iiiee 1868, he is thoroughly identified with its interests and is a typical citizen of the middle west-enterprisiiig) and enideyrgetie. 1ew lborn in Genev~a, New York, JanmIi, aIII' N8, 1_845. His father, Edward Cole, was a nawtive of England and when nine years of age wvent to sea and followed that life uiitil eigh1iteen years of age, visiting the leadinig seaport towns of the old world.. He ca~ine to the new world when a young metain, settling first ii the state of New York and, learning the trades of painting and decorating, he followed those pursuits for a, numinber of years. iHe was miarried at Geneva, New York, to Miss Mary Glilbert, an English lady, born in the city of London, and he reared his famnily in the Empire state. Later he came west to Michigan and spent his last years in Adrian. Williai li. Cole was reared in the state of his nativity and had good school advamitages in early life. lie learned the machinist's trade and afterward followed that pursuit in easteri New York, but in 1868 caine to Mtichigan, settling in i)etroit, where lie established a shop and salesrooms, there enigagin" in the mtainufacture of guns. IlIe built up a nice business, which lie conducted for a inmiber of years, aiil later he engaged in the in annufa etire of electrical goods-his being the first eiterprise of that character in the state, Ile ma nufactured telephone apparatus for the Bell Trelephomie Company for seveni years and tiemi ma minufacturecd Ca similar line of goods for himself. Ile pateiited a. switchboard, which was a very valnable adjunct to the telephone sy sten, mlnd is the largest of the kind in the tTnmitec States, it being a six thomisand wire switchboard, built for the l)etroit Telephone Compawiy. Mr%. Cole has secured a number of patents upon. valuable inventions inl electi ical appar atus which he has lprodmceed, haviii g taken out altogether sixty Ipatemts. lie ainaiifaetumcid mud sold his own apparatus. Anion" othei usef l devices which lie paltenited wxs time casl carriera, used ii large stores to i iiry the curnncncy to the eashuier's desk. MIr. (ole reainedn ii active bussiliess man of l)( etroit foi thirtx xears and was larg-ely ideifieihd Aiti its indihstrial development. In 1896 -Alr. Cole removed to i\[aoomb eomuity, although lie continued to carry on business iii iDetroit for two or three years loniger. When lie caiime here lie first pulrehasel eighty acres of land, where lie now resides, and began fariming, a\nad he has since lirciased imore laud until lie now owns one hundred ai'id forty acres, 'lIe has erected a hirick residence, good barns and outbuildingss aind has planted a large orchard with a, fine variety of fruit. Mr. Cole now devotes his attention to the imnauayemnent and imiproveinent of his farm amd his 'Detroit property and his pl,,ae in H-larrison township is well improved anil dyields to huni. a goodi return for the care, and labor which lie b;estows upom it. Mr. Cole was married in hDetroit, in iMiay, 1870, to Miss Josephine Rafikin, who was born in Lansing, Mlichigan, but wa~s reared in Wisconsin amd Detroit. 11cr father was E. P. lRankin, who for thirty years was a governmient official in Washington, D). C. Mr. and Mrs. Cole are the parents of four childrem: Richard Ni., who holds an important positiomi in Y'azoo City, Mississippi; Imnogene, PAST ANDI) PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 9i the wife o(f Cliairles Iairtin, of Detroit Saralh, the wife oi f (le(ore Lenllel)acker, of Mount t'lemens; nl ndEw I ( Ed., a yvoti' man at ioiiie with his parelts. One dalighter, Laura, (lied whell a(bout follr (years old. Politicallvy irI. (Cole is a stallch replibli(call alld cast his first ballot for (e eneral G(rant il 1868, since whiclh timl e he las never failed to vote att a p residenttll etia l eletio. lie has lived for thirityv-sevelc yea'rs ill thils part of the state, where lie is widelby known, and his labors have contrib)lited to its iaterial developient while Ills intluenee lhas been gyiven in s1)1)0rt of every progressivc meastire for the,eiiceral. (ood, aiid to-day Ihe is the ehai)pion If whatever p1)r1oiises for futuire growth a(ii1 illrovemnent. WILLIAM C. SMIITHI. Willia-n C. Smith, living on0 seetion 23 Washing~ton township (lates his residence in M1ichi'gan fromn 1879. lie is a native o(f Engla(1, his birth havino' occnrredl in Iri col lnshire, Marhil 10, 1848. lie was there reared, receeiving a fair English edutcation and when thirteen years of a'e hie lealrned the dru'g'ist lbusilness with which he wais identified for' sev18ral years. lie later was oiiieectedl with his father in the saime libusiniess for four years. While still a resident of Eno'lad IMr. Smith was united( i ll irriage in the city (of Londonl, (,o the 4thl of June, 1872, to MIiss Catherine Willson, Nwh11o iavs bort ait(d reared in Lincolnshire. T'hey )ec(ame the pa lrents of four chil'Iren while still residents of Engla1nd. Soon ifter their miiar'iage, however, iMr. andl IMrs. Siiuith emii'orated to the new world,. settling in K anii55s, but remiained for only in ne months,;after which they returnel to tl I11 a1d of their,Iativity oni a(ccolunt of the d(eath of AMIr. SmNith's father. Mr. Smith then reiained ill E11ngland ill ordcer to settle I1) tlhe father's 'state and en'aged int fariing there to some,xtent. In 1879 lhe returned with his family i, the Tinited States. locating in Metaiiora, Ial peer colunty, Mjichigal, Iwhetre lie worked as a farm hand l1yv the month for four or five Iears. Ile afterward reimoved to ()akland (,ouinty, this state, where lie,rented a farm, contiuingiii its cultivation Iuitil 1897. Ini the spring of that year hie camie to i\acomb c(Iulnty, settling,' o(i a farml -where lhe now resides and here he lihas since carried on( a gricultural pursuits, oplerating, a good tract of land of one hundred and seventy-five acres. lie also raises good grades of stock, includingo short-horn cattle, Jersey hogs and IlIampshire sheep. Ile is a successful, thorough farmer and stock-raiser and an enterprisiing business man. Ile owes his success entirely to his own efforts, for he started out in life in limited fi nancial circum stances. Into Mr. and 5Mrs. Smith have been born eight children, namiielv: John, who was born in England and was killed b1h the kick of a horse when a little lad of four years; Mary and Ethel at thoime J(thn, who is m11arried and follows farhning' near Paynesville, M[ichigan. Benjamnin ()., a resideit of P'aynesville. Edith. who is ia stideniit inii Oakland county, Iichiu'a,:i Elizabeth, who died at the ag'e of two yeairs and( Edward, who died in infancy. In his political views Mr. Snith is a repub-l lican a(nd his sons are also identified with that organization. IIe was elected and served as hi'ghway comillissioner lbuit hias never aspired to office. pIreferrinig' to 'ive his uii(livided at tenition to his usiness affairs. lie is now ideiitified with the peaople of \I acombh county in all its variled public iniiterests and no native son,) of tlihe state is imtore loyal to its welfare and p)rogress than I Mr. Smiith. tle has won alid jnstly merits the confidence and esteem of thie comm( ility and in his life lihe displays (laliities which aire well worthy of emIulatio)n. WILLIAM I. MILLER. emits ciin' Joli I). ),ad Frederika (1F rederick) MIiller, ()both of whlom were Iatives of (erimta y, but were nmarried iii this c(otity. Thie fatlicer was a carp)eiter by trade, but after followiiio' that pursuit for some years he tiirIed his atteiition to famin. llis deathl occlurred wlei hlie wNas sixty-eiC'hit yea'is ()f a i'e aid lie is still survived 1)y his wi ife. In theirii faily were eleven clil(ldre11, of whom Williat II. was tile fourth in order of birth. lhose still living' aire Augiusta, Johii, Au-?tust, Williai II., C(harles and Juliis, all in IMacoimii coulty. Five died in infancy. William II. Miille'r attended a Germnan schlool, but his adlvantag'es along,' that line were limitied. Ife be-gan fartuing in his youth and followed that pursut iiitil twenty-one years o(f age. lie then entered a grocery store, Nwhlere lie reimainedo for five years. ibeino employed first as a delivery boy and afterward as at clerk. Later lie purchased a saloon. which lie colducted for four years, when he 92 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY sold out and was then employed a a motorman for the Rapid Transit Company. Subsequently he purchased his former saloon at Nos. 80-82 Macomb street, and he is still conducting a sample room, in partnership with Henry Peters, ulnder the firnm style of Peters & Miller. In the spring of 1904 he was elected city treasurer of Mount (lemens on the demlocratic ticket, receiving an excellent majority. Ile has long been one of the earnest workers for his party, and his efforts have not been without good result. On the 21st of January, 189, Mr. Miller married Miss Lizzie Schoultz, a daughter of John Schoulltz, of Macomb township, iand their children are: Oscar, Elmer, Esther, Donald and IIilda. Mr. Miller has many friends, for he is a mtan of social disposition and obliging nature and he is now making for himself a creditable record as a city official. DARIUS HARRIS. After many years of active connection with agricultural )pursuits Darius Harris is now living retired in Romeo. le was formerly accounted one of the thrifty and progressive farmers of Maicomlb county and is a native son of this county, born: December 11, 1830. His father, Jacob Harris, was born in UJlster county, New York, April 10, 1791, anld was a son of Henlry Hlarris, likewise a native of the Empire state and a soldier of the Revolutionary war. When a lad of fourteen years hle enlisted in defense of the cause of liberty and remained with his corllmand Illntil British snplremllacy in the colonies was overthrown. Jacob Harris was reared to Ilmanhood in New York, wedding Miss Elizabeth Oziah, a native of New Jersey andl a daughter of Anthony Oziah, who was also a soldier of the Revolution and was a native of France, coming to this country with General La Fayette, under whom he served duiring the war for independence, and when General La Fayette again camne to this country fifty years later he visited Mr. Oziah. Mr. Harris followed farming in Ulster county, New York, clearing and cultivating two or three different tracts of land there before he came to Michigan. Six children were born to him and his wife in New York and two more in Michigan. In 1829 he came to the west and purchased government land on section 35, Washington township, Maclomb county. Ile then returned home and in 1830 brought his family to Michigan, arriving in Detroit on the 10th of Mlay of that year. Soon afterward he began active work upon his farm, chopping down the trees, clearing away the brush and tilling the soil, and in course of time thus opened lup a farln of two hunlldred and forty acres. The old patent to the land was signed by General Jackson, thenl president of the United States, and is in possession of Darius IHarris. The father reared his family on the old homestead which he imiproved, and. there spent his last years, his death occurring in 1864, while his wife, who was bornl in 1792, passed away in 1872. Mr. Hlarris was one of the first settlers in his locality, living there at a time whenl his nearest neighbors were miles away and when all was wild and undeveloped, but as the years passe li he overcame the hardships and difficulties of pioneer life anild gainledl a place am iong the successful agricultlurists of his adopted county. In his famnily were eight children-four sons and four daughters, who reache(l mIature years, while two sons and three daughters are yet living, the brother of our subject being Jonathan W. lHarris, a farmer of Shelby township. There was not much that was unlusual in the boyhood andl youth of Darius HIarris, who worked as did most of the farmer lads of that period, while in the common schools he acquired his education. lle remained llu)On the farml, assisting his father until the latter's (leathl, and lie afterward purchased the interest of some of the other heirs and thus became owner of one hllldred and twenty acres of the old liomelstea(l. Ile continued its cultivation for a nmibe'r of years and then sold that p)roperty and bought and removed to Macomlb township, where he cleared and made a farm, conltinuling general agricultural pursuits there for some years. Iis next move was to Disco, where he lived for about eight years, and ii 1892 he took ltu his abode where lhe now resides. lie bought a tract of fourteen acres here, adjoining the corporate limits of Ronmeo, and now lives retire(l, merely giving his attention to his pIlace. lie built a good barnr and has a very comifortable and attractive residence. Considerable leisure time is left to him and his rest is certainly well merited. Mr. Harris was married in Macomb county, February 19, 1892, to Mrs. Mary Ann Harris, a native of Erie county, New York, and a daughter of Simon and Eliza I DARIUS l1IARRIIS. MRS. DARIUS HARRIS PAST AND P'RESENT OF -MACOMIB COUNTY 97 beth (Welner) LiJitz, natives of Pennsylvania. Her father was born February 15, 1817, and diedl larch 21, 1887, but her mother, whose birth occurred July 12, 1817, is still living andl is a resident of Macomb county. From their native state they removed to Erie county, New York, and camn to Mlichigan (dlring the childhoo(l of Mrs. hlarris, she being then a young girl of about eleven years. She was reared in AIacomb county and in early womanhood engaged in teaching at different times until her first marriage, when she became the wife of Dr. Elijah N. Iarris, aln uncle of D)arius llarris. Following his death she again engaged in teaching for ten years. Politically 1)arius larris has been a lifelong republican, casting his first presidential ballot for John C. Fremont and voting for every nominee on the republican ticket since. Hle served as overseer of highways for sixteen years but otherwise has never been an office-seeker. Mr. larris b)elongs to the Masonic fraternity and has served as (leacon and is now treasurer of his lodge. lie became a Mason in Macomb lodge and acted as its treasurer for ten years. He afterward demitted to Romeo lodge and for four years has taken care of its finances. In early life he greatly enjoyed hunting and killed many deer, turkeys and other wild gainle. Ile spent one season in estimating tinmber in the pineries. IHe is familiar with many pioneer experiences and what to many people are matters of history are known to him as an actual witness or participant in the occurrence. lle tells many interesting tales of the early (lays in Macomb county and his mind bears the impress of the transformation that has occurred as it has merged frolm a wilderness anl(l swamp and become one of the leading counties of this great comlnonwealth. Ile has done his full share in the work of public progress, leading a blameless, honorable life, and thus his upright character and worth have commended him to the confidence, good will and trust of all. JOHN F. W. KANDT. John F. W. Kandt, who is engaged in merchandising in Utica, was born March 31, 1852, in Niagara county, New York, his parents being Fred and Ricka (Schultz) Kandt, both of whom were natives of Pomerania, Germany. The father came to America about 1846, settling in Niagara county, New York, where he followed the cooper's trade. In 1854 he removed to Michigan and took up his abode where he now lives in Miacomb county, owning a farm of one hundred and seventythree acres of valuable land. His wife died Jmlne 8, 1892. In their family were eight children, as follows: Rudolph, deceased; John F. W.; Johannes, who was a farmer and is now conducting a saloon in Mount Clemens; Henry, who is engaged in the same line of business in Mlount Clemens; Julius, who lives on the canal road in Clinton township, Macombn county; Charley, who conducts a hotel in Dearborn, AMichigan; David, who is a carpenter and joiner in iMount Clemens; and Amiel, who is living on the home place in Ma1acomb township. Johnl F. W. Kandt plursued his education in the country schools and in the German school in this co(unty, havilng been only two years of age when bromught by his parents to AIichigan. IIe left school at the age of fourteel years and afterward worked on the home farml until eighteen years of age, when he began carpentering, following that trade until twenty-nine years of age. Ile then established a saloon in Utica, which he conducted for eighteen years and met with very good success in the )business, accunulating thereby a coim fortable competence. I1e afterward worked for three years at carpentering and later embarked in his present business, being now a leading merchant of Utica, carrying a well selected line of dry goods ggroceries and ladies' furnishings. In this enterprise he is in partnership with William F. Pump. They also sell farlim mIachinmerv and other heavy machinery and Mlr. Kandt is the owner of the Kandt Block in Utica, which he built. In 1875 Mr. Kandt was married to Miss Augusta Peters, a daugllhter of Gotlieb and Caroline Peters. Her father was a native of (lerlmany and on coming to America settled iln Mount Clemens. Ile was a mason and he also engaged in conducting a store at one time in Waldenburg. Enlisting for service in the Civil war he participated in a number of important engagements and was taken prisoner, being confined in Andersonville prison for eighteen months. Ile was in the army altogether for three years and is now living in Mount Clemens. Mr. and Mrs. Kandt are the parents of nine children: Louise, who was born November 12, 1877, is the wife of William F. Pump and for six years prior to her marriage she engaged in teaching school; Fred W., a 98 PAST ANI) PRESENT OF MACOMB COIJNTY graduate of the schools of Utica, was born March 8, 1880, and is now engaged in carpentering in i)etroit; Johnnie died in infancy; William, born May 1, 1883, was graduated in the Utica high school and clerks in his father's store; Rosa A., who is also a graduate of the Utica high school, is engaged in teaching in this village; Mabel, born August 14, 1889, is a junior in the high school; Josephine, born December 21, 1890, is a men:l)er of the sophomore class; Ruth died when ten Imolths old; and Raylnond, born April 16, 1896, is a public school student. Mr. Kandt is a demlocrat in politics and for mlany years has been higlNLhway comllissioner, while for ten years he served as alderman in Utica. ile formerly belonged to the Lutheran church. In all his business dealings he has been strictly reliable and honorable and it has been through his close application and diligence that he has won the success that he nlow enjoys. JULIUS PING(EL. Julius 1'ingel, one of the proprietors of the Palace Livery of Mount (lenlelns, was born in Macolilb townlship, M:acomllb county, August 11, 1859, his Iarents being John C. and Elizabeth (Tessin) Pilngel, who were natives of (ermany. The father, who xwas a fariner by occupation, becaime a resident of Mount Clemnens, Michigan, although after cominil to America he settled first near Niagara Falls. I-e was at that time twenty years of age. After a brief period, however, he removed to Macomb county, where lie continued to reside until his death, spending his last days in Mounit Clemens, where he passed away in 1891, at the age of sixty-five years. Ile was the only member of his father's family to come to America. Julius Pingel of this review was one of a famlily of twelve children and he had a twin sister, Lena, who is now the wife of Charles Noose, of Denver, Colorado. The others yet living are: Charles, who resides in Toledo, Ohio; John, Ienry and Albert, of Mount Clemens; and Augusta, the wife of August Rostllan, of Macomnb township. Those deceased are: Elizabeth, Tille and three who died in infancy. Julius Pingel was a student in the Gernan school in his early boyhood days and when fourteen years of age he began working in Oakraft's brickyard at Detroit, Michigan, where he remained for five years. Ite then engaged in farming for six years and in 1884 he caell to MIount (Clen1llns, where lie turned his atteintion to ldrcying, b)eing connected witll his br)other John il this b)llsiness for one year. lie aftelrwr l c(ondlucted a bus line for five yeairs iIn c(lonection with dra.ying and( on the expiiratioll of that period lhe sold his interest to his b)iother and p)urehased anll interest il the Palace Livery, with Lodenick & Posller. They established a bar nl which they conducted( lulller the lalle of the Palace Livery Company, l imi:ited. Three ye ars later the firm1 becalle P'osler & P'ingel, the selnior imember of the original firmi retiring. Soon afterward a c.hallge in the ownership Imade the firm liaine Nank & Plingel the new partmner b}eiigo W. F. Nank. The business xwas cond(lclted udil er the namle of the Palace JLixvery andl in Apiil, 1903, Fra ink Reichrath purchased al interelst and( is now pa rt owner. This is the leadicgI establishllment of the kilnd in AI(oint (Cleinenls. Trhey have a large nuilmb)er of (ocod horses and a fine line of carriages and( other vehicles and the business, w\hichl is cornstantlyl increasing, has alread y reached extensive and p ro>fitable prop-ortions. MIr. P'iigel was imarried, in 1884, to Iiss Annie IBelnall, a dailIgter of Johnl Belnan of AIlaconlb township, iand their childrenl are: Edith, Iouis, Walter, Nora, Clarence. John. Carl, Alfred and -I Msiel. tIr. Pingel is a iiian (of gen'eros imnpulses, devoted to his falllily, of whicii he has every reason to be I)roudle. Ile a;:o possesses good bulsiness (ualifications and has already wron success, which is very desirable. JOSEIPH (RA FF. Josep)h iGraf is f-id, wh is self-an, i now engaged in farmingl and dairying on sectiol 16, Chesterfield township. lie was born in I)ell, France, April 5, 1847, his parents beiing Antoine and Kate (Teller) Graff. The father canme to America in 1851 and at once Ilmade his way to New Baltimore. lie purchased forty acres of land about a half Iile froiii h the town and immediately beganl to clear this, selling the timbler in Detroit and shipping sonle of it from New Baltinore. Misfortune, however, seemed to follow him in his endeavors to make for himself a name and home. Ile spent his last cent in buyingl his land and whenm his eldest son determined to purchase a boat he mortgaged the farm ini order to pay for it and although he worked hard he could not pay off the mortgage alnd in consequence had to sell the farm. After P.AST ND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 99 (disl)osillg of tilis p)r())oerty he hld only one l1llhundred dollars left. With this he bought eight aeres on, the Telegralph road and there iaiide his hom)le llntil his SOll,Joseph built his present residenee, w hen lie went to live with him and81 there his relliining' days were passed. Joseph (raff pu)rsled Ills (edlucationl inl the pubillie scoelols of New Baaltimore, having, comeI vitli hlls pa rents froimi F'raiice when four year)'s of age. Like the other's of the family lie liet iiiainy hardshi)s in his earlier years. lHe started( ont in life ()oI ins own aecount wlien but eleveni years of ague and greatly assisted his father, who at that tiel( was getting 01(1. lie helped to clear the la 1 an(l after the fari was sold hle assisted( ill making the 'seeoii( homiie for his parents. II- then b)egaa to work in the iills iII New Btaltimiiore ad( he thought hIe was fortunnate in getti ig forty cents per day for his laibors. lie had to walk two miles to his work and from that miieagre suM boarded himnself, but leiing an induistriolis, hard-workig bo(y le made the miiost of his opportunities aiid as the yearis }passed iiet ewith success until at the (end of iii(e years tie was X a,joiner, receiviig one dotllai anld sewventy-five cents per lday. With his savings he i)urcliased a forty acre traet of timber la(nd on Sugar Bush road and after partially clearing thills he sold out and 1(bought eighty acres of his present farii on sectio() 16, (Chesterfield toxwxnship. 1iere he at onee cleared a piece of land to build a house, which he erected in 1871. He then gave his attenti(o) to clearing the remaintler of his land for cultivation a1(1 he cut the timber into logs and bolts which he sold in New Baltimore anld Moilunt C iens amnd into coridwood(1 whieh ihe sold at Salt RIiver. For the first few years, owing to the stumps il his la11d and the coi(lition of the ground, he eould only ptlaiit piotatoes and corni, but after a number of years of hard work he hias his farm in an excellent coidition. Ife iade an addition to his home in 1875 and iiow has a very com.fortable aind pleasant residence. Ills barns were built in 1873 and he has good farm machinery to assist himn ii the development of hlls ilace. Aside from g'eneral farmning he iaises cattle aid usually Ilas about twN'entyfive or thirty-five 1head of imilch covws, selliiig his mnilk to the Chesterfield Creamerv. lie also has about sixty head of sheepl and at times as many as froni one hundred and fifty to two llihundred head. In 1885 he purchased aniiother eighty acre tract of land from James IlathlNaway, adjoining his farni on the west, and in 1903 lie ))bouglht forty acres a half mile east, so that lie iow lias good landed possessionis. Ile was omie of the or0gaiiizers of the Cihesterfield Creamery and becamea oe one of its fir-st stockliholders. Ile iassisted i i e'rectiing the first lblil(iig an811d whe(i it N was destroyed by fire, ai(led i relbuild(ing. ()On the 9th of April, 1873, Mir'. raffn' was imiarried to C(hristiia iKruno, a dlaughiter of Johii anid AMarh y (G(ile(neraI l) Krumno, both natiNes ()f FranIice. Iler plarelnts cmame to Ainerica int 1855. settling first at (4 reenifield, \Vayie c(ouiityv, Micihig'aii, but after six weeks they 're- iovedl to Chesterfield tow~nship, Alacoi(b c(omiiitv, )purchasiiig a fariii omi the 'Telegra0ph r)(oad, forty acres ()f whicth was a part ()f the Miltoii farm and for'ty acres ()f the (;anger( far111. Their hoiiie Xwas (ni the latter tat f at ftw(o years and then they sold a11(d remiioved to Ancliorville, St. Clair conity, where Air. Kruno lbought aIo()ther forty acre tract of laI(l. III 1_861. lie enlist((1 iII the Foiriteenthi Alichig'an \ollliiteer Infantry as a private. Ilis reginet was first or(lered t( Ypsilaiti, iehigan, where it caml)ped for' six imonths an(dI was tll(ei senlt to) Kentucky. During the next four years Mr. Kruo1 saw m1'uch larid service and after being imustered out at the clos< e of the war he retnI,(rned to Ills farm, which he soon afterwiard sold and removed to New Baltiiiore. Ilis wife diedl there April 2, 1870, a(nd ir. Krumo later remiovedt t(o Indiana a1d sbisequeiitly to St. lPanl, 1liiinlesota, wher'e his death (ec(uired MIarehi 18, 1876. Untto AMr. and IMrs. (raft were bo1)rn niie childrel Jloseph J., born January 14, 1873, is livii)g at honei and is a large dealer in cattle aind sheep. Victoria, born January 3, 1875, is the wife of Henry Cu lleu, a prosperotis farmer living on Telegraph road, in Chesterfield townxship; Eli J., born January 3()0, 1877, is assisting in the operation of the home farm A Mary L., bori May 6, 1879, is living, in Cleveland, Ohio. Louise M., born larlch 14, 1881, is with her sister in Cleveland; Kate C., born iMarch 24, 1883, and Nettie I., born October 7, 1887, are at hlomee and Josephine. born June 6, 1889, is attendiniii school in New Baltimlore. Thley lo)st their seventh childFrank, who xwas born July 9 1885, a1885, died February 12, 1887. Ir. G(raft has served as a member of the school bo(ard of district No. 4. lie belongs to the Catholic lMutual Benevolent Association, No. 67, New Baltimore, and is a devoted imembiher of St. Mary's Catholic church, while his wife and daughters are members of the young ladies' society of the church. Mr. I00 00PAST AND P'RESET OF MACOMB COUNTY Graff certainly deserves great credit for what he has accomplished, as he started out in life empty-handed and has had to face difficulties and obstacles which would have utterly discouraged many a man of less resolute spirit, but he has worked persistently and untiringly and is to-day the owner of a valuable farm property. JOHN II. WESTENDORF. John 11. Westendorf is identified with various business enterprises of Mount Clemens, whereby the material welfare and upbuilding of the city has been promnote(d. Ie is also a factor in local political circles and his prollminence in public life makes it imperative that he should be mentioned anm:ong the representative men of MIacomb county. Ile is a native of Germany, born April 12, 1851. His father, Henry Westendolrf, was also a native of Gernmany, and on comini g to the United States with his family he located in AMacomb township, MaIcomb county, Michigan, on the 4th of July, 1854. IIe is still living at the advanced age of eighty-one years. In the family were four children, of whom John 1-. is the eldest. Only two are now living, his sister being Sophia, the wife of George Geis, of Clinton township. John IH. Westendorf began his educatiion in the country schools in Malcomnb township, and also attended the German public schools, and at the usual age he was confirmed in the Waldenburg church. Ile remained upon his father's farn until fourteen years of age, when le entered upon his business career as clerk in a country store, there spending two years. After coning to MAount Clemens he began clerking, securing a position in the drug store of 11. W. Babcock on the 22d of April, 1868. Ile was employed in that way until March, 1884, when he purchased his employer's interest and has since continued the business. Other interests, however, have clained his time, energies and capabilities, for from 1868 until 1881 he was an operator for the Western Union Telegraph Company. In the latter year he became manager of the AIichigan State Telephone Company, having charge of the district covering Macomb and part of St. Clair counties. This position he resigned on the 1st of August, 1903, in order to give his undivided attention to his business interests. On the 1st of May, 1904, he became manager for the Postal Telegraph Company, and this work lie performs in connection with the management of his store. In his political views Mr. Westendorf is a stanch democrat, believing firmly in the principles of the party. Ile has served for three terms as city treasurer, being elected the first time in 1896. In April, 1904, he was chosen mayor of Mount Clemens, and he has also been city assessor for six years. As a public official he has mIade a close study of the needs of the city as well as the possibilities of the office, and his efforts have proved of marked benefit ii promoting material progress and imlprovement here. lie is a member of Mount Clemlens lodge, No. 6, F. & A. I1M., and attained the Knight Temnplar degree in I)amascus commandery at Detroit. IHe also holds membership relations with the Maccabees and the Loyal Legion and he is a member of the Mount Cleienis Club. Ile is a stockholder in the Chamber of Commerce and is a nelmlber of the Hunting and Fishing Club, at the mlouth of Clinton river. Fishing is his favorite pastinle and he finds rest and recreation from the arduous duties of a business career in angling for the finny tribe. On the 30th of MIarch, 1876, Mr. Westendorf was married to MIiss Luella M. Babcock, a dlaughter of Dr. Henrry R. Babcock of MIount Clemens, and their children are: Henry J., Howard W., William C. and Donald R. IMr. and Mrs. Westendorf have a wide circle of acquaintances in Mount C(lemens and the hospitality of many of the best homes of the city is freely accorled theml. Brought to America in early boyhood days, he has spent the greater part of his life in this county, and here lie has worked his way steadily u)pward, overcoming all difficulties and obstacles in his path, uIltil he has now reached the plane of affluence. IIARRY LEE. Ilarry Lee, now deceased, was born March 16, 1823. His father was a native of Highgate, Canada. HIe was pressed into the service at the time of the Fenian Raid. ITe, therefore, fled from Canada and canme to the UInited States when a young man, settling at Port Huron, Michigan. Not long afterward he removed to Macomb county and was here married to Miss Lucy Odle, a daughter of Jonas and Ovelia (Kellogg) Odle, both of whom were natives of Vermont, the father born August 30, 1804, and the mother in 1802. Leaving New England Mr. Odle came -(0JH11N II. WESTENDORF. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 103 westward1 to Ii ehig'an. ITe was a carpenter a1(d worked at his trade ii: iiacomb county for a tinme, while later lie removed to a farlmi where (harles Adai' is now living. lIe was ill il llited filanl ciNal circuIllSta lces anid ill order to provide for his falily hie worked 1by the d(ay. lis life was (olle of mIIarked illndustry alld enlteriprise alid as the year s passed he p1ro'Slp)(''ed i11 his llidertalkii'is. All his chil(rel(l were ec(lated il I'tica. l is wife was aI lme(ml)(ber of the Mleth1odist, churiicl aind ann earlnest (Ch'istian xvwoiai. Il their fanily we re ten clildren, three of whomn anre vet living, naimely: Byron ()Odle, who wvas h)orn in IS24 a1nd is a c(ooper lby tr'ade, resildes inll La(peer1, MIiciligall. Mlis. Lee is tlie secondl. Adeline is the wife of (Cad 1iollaiid, living in Victor, (Colorado. Ar. aNM( AIlS. lee lbeame tlhe p)arents of fouii child(re1l, but all died in 111fa1cy with the exceptilonl of Josephl II., \who) yet slirvives. lie imarried, lbut his wife has Iiassed away. Their son IhIrr i imarried Ania Simpsoll alnd is the ))proprietor i(f a hitel ii I'tica., MIiclhiFolr in Ially yceais lMri. ILee devoted hiis (1energies t(o generial faimi'ng and(1 as the r(esult of Ills eariiiest1: lao)1r ad1(1 linfaltering dilig'ence lie beeame the(' possessor of a g'oo( d property. Ile was a memiiiber of the Metholdist Episcoplal c'rIch ill n whlic In took all active and(1 helpfil 1)ai't, se('rvii(g' as 85 oiie of its stewal'(rds for aZ ilulmberi of ytars. Inl pollitics he was a repilblican a1(1d was a sti)rog teliemper''ace man. Ord(er of (d1(d Temphilairs. Ills life was ever lupi'i'hlt 111l(l l()orn)ale and Ills itfli(iel(e'e was g'iv (, iln Sllupporiot (if whatever tei(led to) uplift Ills fellowxeiie ii and advance thlie ri'al progl:ess of tlie comm()1lllitv. Ilis ' rei(naails were inteie(d ill tlie tica cemetery. He left his fainily the priceless heiritag(e of all inta'rnished a8iie, for his (eitire car(ieer was inl ha ron(lliy with high'i, manly prinlciples. AIrs. Lee still survives her lusha11(d anild is liviing in a co(01fortahle little ~hoioe ill Itica at the a'e of seventy-eight yea'is. They were worthy pioneer settlers of this county, locating' here at an early dayv when. many of tlie (oi(iditiois of frontier' life were still to be found. TIIEOPIILUAS VAN )DAMAIMIE. Theophilus Van i)iDimme, anll arclitect of Mount Clenmens, standing at the head o(f his profession in this city and eastern MicihiganI was born in Detroit, June 20, 18(7,. his par ents being Peter and Matilda (Rabaut) Van I)Daine, Iloth of whom were natives of Bel0giu. They camie to America in the year 1854, locatingi in l)etroit, where the father follo(wed the blacksmnith's trade for a nnmber of Vea'is. le died in 1885, at the age of fiftyeight years, while his wife passed away in 1892, at the age of sixty-eight years. She was reared i Fr'ance, altlhough bori in Belginni. In their family were eleven childlredi, of whotm. Theophilus was thie fifth in order of birth, but with the excepltion of two all are deceased, the sister becingi Miss Einla Van i)annne. IIn the public schools o(f )cetroit Theophilus Van D)aiiinie p)ursue(1 his eduilcatio) anid lie enlitered1 ullo) his Ibusiness career ars proprietor of a ciga r store, but soonil afterward sold out. Hle next enteredl the empillo(y o(f liewis Van1 Delnter. a pipe-orgaln 10a8libfae'tulrer of Detroit. and a year later he began woirking in the Van i)erplool church furniture factoriy, which aboot that timiie was estab)lished in Detroit. 11aving, occuplied that position for a year, he secured a )position with Wilalaml Wright & Coiiilpany, of )Detroit. wihom lihe repl:resented as a wood carver for one year, after which he entered the service o(f Donaldson & MIeyer, architects, of Dctroit. lie continuied withl them fo(r foi' iyears 11(d was a fterwarid for a few 1molnths with Johniii Scott & (Coiiipaii. Il(e then caiiie to Alount C lemiiins, where he enitered the employ of N. J. (libbs, with whoiim lie reuiain(ed until 1892, in which year he began iusiness for hiiiisellf as an arichite(t. Ilis p1)ronounced skill aiid ability, his promiiient positio(i in Ibusinless circles aniid his,'gratifvii,,g success aire all id11(icated ill tlhe large i 11111her of plans that he hlas ia/de.i icludi(,ig phlans for miany of the leading' ho(tels of the city. iiclud(lingo the Colonial, the Parke a(nd tlhe lledea. IHe was also the architect of St. Jo)seph Sanitarium, the Clementine Bath IIouse, the Olympia Bath I.Ionse, the hiigl school, the public liblra'iy and soile of tlhe finest business blocks in Mloulnt C lCemens, these stanlcinlig as monnuments (of his skill a1(1n euterprise. Ie ihas also becomie a factor iii tilhe industrial life of Mount Clemens and is conniieected with a number of inmportant productive in1dustriels. Hle was one of the( incorpoatoirs of the Alount. Clemens C(asket Co(nparny, is the )preisident of the Alonunt ( lemens Brick & Tile Companyl and the vice pmresident of the Alount (Clemens Artificial Cement Stoine Copa ila ny. On tIe 15th (iof atIrch, 18)90, occurred the miarriagt of Mr. Van D)amine and Miss Mar 104 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY garet Rosnagle, a daughter of Samuel and Mary Rosnagle of Mount Clemens. They now have one daughter, IHelen, and they lost two children in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Van Damme are prominent socially, the hospitality of many of the best homes of the city beino freely accorded them. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party, and he has served as alderman of the second ward of Mount Clemens. Fraternally, he is connected with Mount Clemens lodge No. 6, A. F. & A. M., of which lie became a meilber in 1900, and he also belongs to the Maccabees tent. -Ie is a man of unusual ability in his line of work, not only understanding the great amechanical principles which underlie his profession, but also giving evidence of much originality. Many of the buildings erected in Mount Clemens have been built after designs prepared by him. As a business manl he is conspicuous among his associates, not only for his success, but for his probity, fairness and honorable mlethods. In everything he has been eminently practical and this has been manifest not only in his business undertakings, but also in social and private life. He possesses a genial manner and has gained that warnir personal regard which arises from true nobility of character and deference for the opinion of others. HIENRY G. BERRY, Mr. D. Dr. Henry (. Berry, who in the practice of his profession has made a specialty of surgery, and is now surgeon of the St. Joseph Sanitarium and of the Rapid Street Railway Company, at lMoulnt Clemens, was born in Hamlilton, Ontario, Auglust 12, 1864, his parents being Francis and Ann (Lawson) Berry, natives of Ireland and England respectively. Dr. Berry pursued his education in the public schools in the province of Ontario and in Georgetown Academiy, at Georgetown, Ontario, from which institute lhe was graduated with the class of 1882. The followin-g year he began the study of medicine. lie attended the Detroit College of Medicine, being graduated therefrom in the spring of 1886. Soon afterward lie entered upon practice in Romeo, Michigan, where he remained for three years and then spent the succeeding year abroad, pursuing post-graduate work. IIe returned to Romeo, where he practiced successfully until the spring of 1900 when he came to Mount Clemens. Ite is a member of the American Medical Society, the Michi galn Medical Society and the Macomb County Medical Society. Dr. Berry was married April 15, 1892, to Miss Martha Taylor, a daughter of Adrian and Lucy (Ayers) Taylor, of Romeo, Michigan. Dr. Berry belongs to lMount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M.; to Romeo conmandery, K. T.; to the Foresters and Maccabees. AUSTIN F. MANN. Aiustin F. Mann, a leading photographer of Mount Clemens, conducting a splendidly equipped gallery in which he does work of the highest order, was born in Ottoville, Ontario, November 2, 1856, his parents being Janmes and Amelia Teresa (Sanogan) Mann, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Canada. The father was a carriagemlaker by trade, possessing excellent mechanical ability. Later he became a photographer of London, Ontario. Ilis wife dlied when their son Austin F. was only five years of age. lle was the fifth in a family of seven children. In the public schools of London, Ontario, Austin F. 1Mann pursued( his education and he entered upon his business career as an empIloye of his father in the photograph gallerv. lie began this work when seventeen years of age and has followed it continuously. Ile left his father's gallery, however, in 1880, and went to St. Thomas, Ontario, where he opened a gallery vwhich he conducted with success for five years. On the expiration of that period he remnoved to Detroit and was emllIloyed by leading photographers of that city, spending sixteen years there, during which time he gained an excellent knowledge of the business in its various departments, both in principle and( detail. In iAugust of 1896 he came to lMount Clemens and entered the empnloy of A. C. Novess, whose business ihe purchased in 1901. Ile has since conducted the samne gallery and has gradually improved it. lie has made a life study of high class photography, always keeping up with the inventions and improvements in the art and also promootlngr his efficiency through his own experiinents as well as by the adoption of methods instituted by others. On a recent visit to eastern galleries he gained many new ideas and there are shown in his studio the highest grades of work, including platinumn in various tones, platinos, collodioncarbons, platino-carbons and sepia tones of IPAST AND) PRESENT OF IMACOMB COUNTY Io5 various kinds as well as results that have been brought out by his own experimlenting. lIe has in his studio two photographs that attract wide-spread attention and admiration from those of artistic tastes, being excellent imitations of old steel engravings. Mr. Mann is a nmaster in the art of retouching and he not only understands his business thoroughly from a practical and technical standpoint but also possesses high artistic skill, so that lie recoglizes the value and effects of posing, and of light and shade. lie is also an artist with the penlcil and fhas done mluch creditable crayon work. On the 12th of August, 1880, IMr. Mann was married to Miss Georgiana Spence, a daughter of David Spence, of London, Ontario, and their children are: Blanch, the wife of Thomas Weltner, of Detroit, Earl A.; Myrtle B.; and Ilazel A. The son is associated with his father in business. Mr. Mann is a menmber of the Modern Woodmen camlp, also the Independent Order of Foresters and( the Knights of Pythias fraternity. Ilis' close application to his work, and his discriminating judgment, comlbined with natural talent, have gained hill a position of prolminencle as a photographer of eastern Michigan. CAPTAIN WILL'-IAM[ ROLL-S. Captain Williaml Rolls, now deceased, was a sailor on the lakes for many years and comnmand(ed one of the vessels belonging to Alger, Smlith & Company for more than twur decades. lie was one of the early settlers of MichigSan and was a native of Maine, his birth having there occurredl in 1837. le left the Pine Tree state, however, twhenl a youth of six years, accomplanyingo his parents in 1843 to Charleston, South Carolina, where the father died during the childhood of his son. HIe afterward clame west w\ith his mother and her family to MIichiogan, their home being established near D)etroit. ITe w-\ent upon the lakes when a lad of twelve or fourteen years and was tlhus engaged until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when lie enlisted in defense of the IUnion (cuse, joining the Fifth Michigan Cavalry in 1862. With that regiInent hie went south and served throughout the war, participaltin in many important engagements, his ability on the field of battle winning him promotion from the rank of lieutenant to that of captain of Company D, and later he was brevetted major. lIe never faltered in the performance of anyl military duty. no matter how arduous, dangerous or difficult, and he returned home with a most creditable record. Ile was with the same regiment as Alger, who was his intimlate friend, who served throughout his term of enlistment and then resigned on account of illness. (aptain Rolls afterward sailed on a government transport from St. Louis to New Orleans for about two years. ITe then returned to Michigan and w-eent upon the lakes, blecomlilng captain of one of Alger & Smith's vessels, in which capacity lie served for over twenty years. ILater lie sailed for one year for other parties. While in I)etroit Captain Rolls became acq(ainted wtith Miss Alice Smiith of that city and their friendship, which ripened into love, was conslnimmated in marriage in Romeo, Decell)ber 23, 1868. The lady was born near Romeo and is a daughter of Reuben R. Smith, who is a native of Mafssachusetts and whose wife )ore the iiaiden name of Melissa Carr. Her birth occurred in Vermont. Mr. Smith removed to Michigan about 1825 and later settled in Ray township, M[acoumb county, where lie p)urchased government land which lie at olnce begani to clear and get into cultivable condition. T'here he opened up an excellent farm on which he reared his family and s)eint his remaining days. Mrs. Rolls was one of twelve children, ten of whom reached adult age. At the time of their marriage Captain and Mirs. Rolls located in Roimieo on the lot where the family now resides. lie also )purchased a farm in Bruce township. which he rented, lnaintaiinin his home in Romeo up to the time of his death, which occurred March 26, 1902. Ile was a member of the 5Masonic fraternity at Romeo and his life was ill harmlony with the beneficent and hIelpful spirit of the craft. Unto Mr. and IMrs. Rolls were born three children. All are now deceased, the last survivor being Ellen, the wife of Robert McKay, a traveling salesman of Rlomieo, who represents the firm of Merrill & Comnpany. She died April 23, 1905. Clarence E. died at the age of eleveln months. Williamn A., however, reached mlature years and died in 1902, when about thirty-two years of age. For sonle years he was with his father as a sailor on the Great Lakes. Both were stalnch republicans. Captain Rolls was a devoted husband and father and in the department of activity which he chose as a life work lie was known for his reliability alnd his carefulness, realizing fully the responsibility that devolved upon him in this connection. Tte won many friends at the vari io6 PAST AND PIRESENT OF MA('OMB COUNTY ons ports at which he touched and his strength of character anld nany good qualities sec(llred for him the respect of all with whom li he was associated. Since the death of her husband Mrs. Rolls has erected a large, neat residence in Romeo. She is a member of the Congregational church, in which she takes a very helpful part, assisting materially in the various church activities. She also possesses good business ability and in her well directed efforts has gained slcceess. HARM ON A. WELLS. In taking' upl the )personlal history of IIarmo11011 A. Wells, who is now livimng oni seetion 7, Shelby township, we present to our readers the life record of a pioneer citizen of Maecomlb county who enjoys in full measure the regard and esteem of those with whiom he has beeti 1)rou'ght in contact. AIr. Wells was born in Steuben couity, New York, April 19, 1827, his parents b)eing Samunel 1). and Lydia (Parmeter) Wells. His paternal grandfather was living in the home of Samuel I),. Wells at the time when lie was killedt at a sawmill by a l(og rolling 111)o11 him. lie was of Engl'ish liineagge. Saiuel I). Wells was born in Saratoga county, New York, March 24, 1785, and (lied August 12. 1833. Ile served his countrv as a sold(ier in the war o'f 1812, and inl 1828 he came to Alichigiani, where lie lpurchaisecd two hundred and eighty acres of land onil sectiois 6 a(d 7, Shelby townshipl. There, in tlie mi',st of,a forest, he begaoli tle (levelopment of a fari. Ife married Aliss P iarmeter, whio was 1)bo01 August 2, 1789, in ()akham, Massachusetts, a11d was of English linlea'ge. Iler father was a soldier of the Revolutionary wa ri aind was held prison erby the Inhdians for somne three years. A.. Wells died Augnoust 12, 1833, and his wife passed away September 22, 1855. They were the parents of fifteen children., of whbom IIari'on was the eleventh child and seventh son. The others are as follows: Polly Wells, born in On)andago township, Saratoga county New York, York, June 6, 1807, was the wife of Williamn P. Leggitt, and they resided in Michigan. Lydia, born in Cohocton townshilp, Steuben county, New York, November 6. 1809, married Philander Ewell, and they lived in Shelby township, one and a half miles east of the farm on which our subject resides. Nelson, born in Cohoctoni township, September 18, 1811, died in 1831. William P., who was born in the same loeal ity, D)ecember 29, 1813, maririIed Evaline Ewell, and lived in Shelby township, MacolI) counntvy. Isaibelle, bor iin (Cohocton towniship, anary 29, 181, aJ became the wife of G(eorlg:e W. Summ ers and resided in Shelby township. Rhoda, born in Cohocton, New York, February 4, 1821, died in infancy. Prudence D)., also bori in (Cohoctoi, in February. 1822, mnarried Andlrei Everett and lives in ~Shelby township. G(eoroe S., born in (Iohocton, January 21, 1824, died in Lapeer county, Michigan. Samnuel., bor1)nl Septe inber 20, 1817, died in Jalapa, Iexico, during the AIexican war. Isaac Wells, born in Cohocton, July 5, 1819, inarrieiid Jane Piper andI lived in Shelby township. liiram, born in (Coliocton, O)ctober 14, 1825, was in the Eighth Iichigan Cavalry ii the Civil war. iHe sawi sonie active service ia(ld was captured in Stone's raiud at Macoti, (,eorgria. He was then sent to Aiders5onville prisonl and was finally releasedl because he was a fine miechani c andi his services eould be used il the erection of a fine hlouse which was theli being built. Ricihard, boirn in (Cohocton, May 23, 1829, marriled Liydia Legg'itt anad livedl in Cleveland, Ohio(. Jane Wells. born in Shelby towiship, Macoibcnouity, June 16, 1831, inariried Johln Nara1more and( lived(l inI Montcalm county, Mliehig'an. Sydney Al., born in Shelby towiiship, FebrtIuary 26. 18133, (c,o)Ipletes tlhe faiiil ly. IIarrmon A. Wells begaal his etducation in a couintry school that was held in a bar.-1 The next school which ble atteldedt was in a woodshedt, allo later ihe coltiniiied his studies in a log' schoolholuse w-hich stood just south and across the roa d from the )preselt schlool buildiign of thils district. The Webster speller was used in those days aadl metlhods of iisteructioin( wereuite prinit ive. lie 1began farmiing ffor himself ii 185(0 on his present farm, where he has tnow lived for fifty-five years, a fact of which no other resi(ent can l boast. IIe purchased o(Ine hundred and sixty.acres of landl on section 7 riand has g'reatly iniproved this property, making it a splendid itmodern farm. Ile built a fine house, whic}h was destroyed by fire, aad has now been replaced by a residtence that is modern in every lparticllar. Ie also has tile finiest barn in this part of the county aind he has so manlaged his prloperty that it hIas returned him a very gratifying income. MAr. Wells was mlarried to) IRoxelana Cannon, a -native of D)ay, New York, born May 8, 1832, aild a olaughlter of Isa iah and Susa 11 (hlayden) (Cannion. Seven children have been MR. AND MRS. H. A. \VELLS PAST AND PRESENT OF MACO COB COUNTY og9 blorln uito theml: Mary A., the eldest, born January 28, 1859, died in 1862. Frank D., who was educated in the district schools and is a graduate of the high school of Ypsilanti, Michigan, is also a graduate of the literary department of the University of Michigan of the class of 1886. lie was formerly engaged in the newspaper business, but is now employed as a writer for agricultural papers. Alice M., born September 15, 1863, is at home. Georo'e S., born December 26, 1866, was a mnechanical engineer, educated at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and afterward was employed at the Bay City Industrial Works until his death, April 19, 1897. Byron S., born May 23, 1869, attended school in Utica and is a farmer, living at Brown City, Sanilac county, lichilan. lIe married Della Robertoy. Emmla M., borln May 20, 1872, is the wife of A. R. Riunyan, a farmer of Shelby township. Lydia M., born January 9, 1876, is a graduate of the Rochester high school. Mr. Wells cast his first presidential vote for General Cass while in Iowa. Ile afterwalrd voted for lPierce, Buchanlan and Douglas, but since that time has been a stalch replblican. Ile has served as highway commissioner (and as drainage commlissioner and discharged his duties capably and promptly. At one time he was a memtber of the Odd Fellows society. Mr. Wells has now reached the seventy-ninth milestone on life's journey and can look back over the past without regret, for lie has led a useful, busy and active life ini which he has never taken advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen, but has so lived as to merit their Ill(qualified esteeml. (JOSEI'I IIATZENBII ILER. Ill this enlightened age meni of ildullstry. ell(er gy and merit are rapidly pushing their \way to the front anld those who by their individual efforts have won favor and fortune imay r))operly claimit r(ecoonitioll. Such a one is Mr. I latzembliller, who, ca rrying on general far'ionc andl stock-raisiiig in 11arrison towiship, hlas become the ownerl of a well improved and desirable p)roperty, comIprising one hundred and sixty acres. -ie was born in this county March 31, 1862, and is a son of Jacob IHatzenbuhler, whose birth occurred in Germany in 1833, and who came to the niew world when a younog manl of eighteen years, arrivinlg at New York in 1852. Ite spent about three years in the east and thence callme to Michigan, reaching Detroit in 1855. In the latter city he engaged in business in a wholesales and retail grocery for several years and then caimne to MacoInbl county, locating on the Gratiot road near Mount Cleinens, where ie engaged in farning. lle was married in Detroit to Aliss Ellen Reviard, who was born in the city of I)etroit in the street which bore her family name. She camie of French lineage. MIr. Ilatzenbuhler died on his farm in 1890 and his widow, now surviving him, resides iln Mount Clllens. In their family were seven sons and two dalughters. Joseph I latzenblhler, the second in order of birth, was reared to manhood in Macomln county and lpursued his education in the public schools. Ile remained upon his father's farlm until twenty-two years of age and then went to North I)akota, where he spent a year on a bio) ranch. On the expiration of that period he returned to Michigan, thinking this the best state of all, and here he p)uclhased one hundred acres of land where lie now resides, at once beginning its cultivation and iimprovemlent. Ile cleared it, selling the timber, andl as tihe land was prepared for the p)low, he put in his crops and in (due course of time secured good harvests, the income which he derived from his wood and tiniber paying for the land. Ile has helped to clear four hundred acres of land and lie has built a good residence and two goood barns upon his farim. IIe has also fenced the place and planted aIn orchard and mnade the farm what it is to-day. It is in an excellent state of cultivation and inlprovemnent, supplied with all modern equiplllents, and in addition to the raising of cereals Mr. Hatzelnbuhler has been successfullyl engaged in raising and feeding stock for ten years, feeding cattle and stock for the umarket. le also conducts a dairy business. HIe has purchased sixty acres adjoining his original purchase and he also owns a part of the old homlestead, comprising two hundred acres of land, and he has made all through his own frugality, perseverance and indomlita)ble energy. Mr. llatzenbuhler was anarried in Mount Clemens, April 25, 1887, to Miss Mary Pequignot, a daughter of Constant Pequignot, a lnative of France. The daughter. however, was reared in Maconib county. There are four living children by this marriage: Adell, who is a student in the Catholic school of Mount Clemens; Catherine; Estella: and Helen. They also lost two children: Edward, 1IO PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY who was drowned November 27, 1903, at the age of thirteen years; and Mary, who died in infancy. Voting with the republican party Mr. HIatzenbuhler thus indicates his political preference, having given his ballot for its presidential nominees since casting his first vote for Benjamin Harrison. He was elected and served as township treasurer for one year, has been school assessor for fourteen years and is yet filling that office, and in 1903 he was elected and served for a year as supervisor, acting on a number of important committees, while on the board. IHe has been a member of the republican committee of Harrison township and a delegate to the county conventions and is deeply interested in the growth and success of the party, taking a helpful part in its local work. lie and his wife were reared in the Catholic faith, and are members of the church of Mount Clemens, and he is a member of the Knights of Columbus. He is a hard-working, industrious farmer who believes it worth while to put forth greater effort in order to have things upon his place in better condition, and his farm to-day is the visible evidence of his life of untiring industry and capable management. IHON. ARTIIJR LEWIS CANFIELD. Arthur Lewis Canfield, deceased, judge of the sixteenth circuit court of Michigan, was born at Mount Clemens, January 27, 1844, and was the youngest son of Williaml and Anne (Clemens) Canfield. His father, born at Chester, Connecticut, in 1809, settled at Mount Clemens in 1830 and at first followed merchandising, while afterward he engaged in farming. Ite figured prominently in public life as state senator, sheriff of Maacomb county, collector of internal revenue and brigadier general of the state troops. Thus many honors were conferred upon him and his entire career reflected credit upon the county and state which honored him. His wife was a daughter of the Hon. Christian Clemens, and a lady of culture and refinement, distinguished for her purity of heart and life and for her exemplary kindness and benevolence. On the paternal side Judge Canfield was a descendant in the eighth generation of Sergeant Thomas Canfield, of Mulford, Connecticut, an English puritan, who settled in Connecticut about 1839. Two of his greatgrandfathers, Captain Samuel Canfield and Major Nathan Peters, served in the Continental army in the Revolutionary war. Major Peters was likewise a prominent member of the New London (Connecticut) bar. On his mother's side Judge Canfield belonged to the Clemens family which came from Holland and had long resided in Germantown and Philadelphia before the renoval to Michigan. All of his Canfield ancestors are of New England falilies of a decided Puritan type-men who lived on lands their fathers had owned, and earned their livelihood from stubborn soil, but saw to it that they gave their children the best educational advantages of the tines and strove to hand on to them somewhat improved the heritage they themselves had received. They were men who served the state honestly and faithfully in peace and war and who above all other things regarded their duty to God with the stern conscience of old New England. On the other side, his Clemens ancestry was a line devoted to mercantile pursuits, dwellers in cities, and whose Dutch religious temperament had become somewhat modified by the environment of urban life and business. IIis character showed very clearly his two lines of descent. Judge Canfield was educated in the Mount Clemens schools and the Normal School at Yypsilanti, biut his home training greatly influenced his studies and tastes. His father was a man of fine training alnd high ideals, who found time, in addition to the care of a large farm and the duties of public office. for careful and extensive reading and accurate acquaintance with the affairs of the day. It was as much to his home surroundings as school that Judge Canfield owed the studious habits and love of learning which characterized his after life as well as his interest in public matters and devotion to the principles of republican government. After finishing his studies in the normal school, the Civil war being in progress, he wished to enter the army, but circumstances prevented this and he took up the study of the law, being admitted to the bar in 1866. Iis studious habits continued throughout life. He never forgot his early training in the classics and always recalled with pleasure favorite passages from the commentaries of Caesar, Virgil and Tacitlus. He was a careful and diligent reader of the best English and American literature and was well acquainted with French and German. tHe had a fine appreciation of poetry and the drama and the best scientific and philosophi ~::~,;d `: ~3i: i~ ~~~ "'i";~: %i r si~:~:l,::~~"r~6:: 1`.:'I:"~ I ii ,,~, b:~ ~ ~:a::ii:i:;: LYtagi :;:;:::i -:::~ u-::::: i~I:~*:: ~:~ ~. 2::1: PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COITNTY III cal works of the period were familiar to him, while he also gave much thought and consideration to the questions which they suggested, particularly to those touching upon a future life. His private library, while not large, was remarkably well selected and he loved most to be among his books with congenial friends, discussing favorite authors or playing a game of chess, in which he greatly lelighted and usually excelled. Judge Canfield returned to Monmnt Clemens to practice law and lived for many years at his father's homestead on the farm outside of the city. In later years he resided on South G(ratiot avenue. Clients were early attracted to him and he always had as much business or more than he wanted. As a lawyer he was thorough and capable, a wise counselor and averse to litigation except when it was absolutely necessary; skillful in the trial of cases, and inflexible in guarding the interests confided to him. He was extremely conscientious in all things. Iis work as a lawyer and judge was characterized by industrious investigation and patient study and he desired, above all things, to know the real merits of the case before him and the exact rules of law applicable thereto. IHe was deeply imbued with the principles of the conmmon law and had a natural sense of justice and fair dealing together with an overwhelming contempt for the tricks and devices of greed and chicanery. Judge Canfield was also identified with the republican party and on political questions his opinions were intelligent and decided. lie served at various times as circuit court conmmissioner, city attorney, circuit judge and member of the state commission for the compilation of the laws. He was a member of various social and Masonic orgranizations at Molunt Clemens, but did not participate frequently or actively in their functions, his disposition inclining him more to the seclusion of his own home and the society of a few close friends. tIe was not allied with any church or religious organization, although he was a firm adherent of the principles of Christianity and thoroiughly observed themi in his daily life. His creed was broader than any church and he felt that his intellectual independence would be lessened by subscribing to the doctrines of any denomination. Judge Canfield was married October 6, 1880, to Miss Enmma G. Dwyer, an adopted dauzghter of Dr. A. W. and Adeline (Jenninrgs) Iager, of New Sharon, Maine. She came with her adopted father to Mount Clemens in 1868 and she is a lady of refinement and culture, whose influence in social circles in Mount Clemens has been marked. Judge Canfield was a type of his age and generation-the generation of those born to the soil of the state. Ile united the qualities of his parents under the conditions attendant upon building up a new commonwealth a half century ago. There was ill him a pride of intellectual worth, a contempt for merely material prosperity, a vivid interest in new things and a strong attachment to those tried and proven by past experiences. He was intensely patriotic. Ile believed in the national government, but saw no hope for it unless it was administered by the republican party. His feelings engendered during the old anti-slavery days and the Civil war never entirely left him. With it all he was of a reflective and somewhat retiring disposition-not aggressive in publishing his opinions, but seldomn altering them. lie was true to his family, faithful to his friends and devoted to the republic and the state. LUTTIER, PROCTER.,Luther Procter, occupyilng a pleasant home on St. Clair street, in Romeo. is nlow living retired from active business cares, but was previously engaged in general farmling and yet owns three hundred acres of land east of Romeo. He was born in the townshil) of Armada, May 10, 1830. His father. John Procter. who was known as General Procter, was born in Cheshire county, New Ilalmp)shire, July 18, 1799, and was there reared upon a farml. Ile afterward reIloved to the state of New York, where he was employed for seven years by a firm in MIonroe county. lie then camle west to Michigan, thinking that he mnight have better business opportunities in this state. Arriving in Macomb county about 1824, he purchased governiment land east of Romeo in Armada township and at once began to clear the fields, cut away the forest trees and prepare the land for the plow. IIe bought a farm of one hundred and sixty acres and later purchased more land, in course of time developing an excellent farml, upon which he built good buildings and made modern improvements. He was married in this county to Miss Sarah Freeman, a native of Vermont, who in her girlhood days was brought to Michigan by her parents, Mr. and 112 'PAST AND PRESENT OF MIACOMAIB C(()NTY Mrs. Newman Freeman. Mr. Procter reared his family upon the home farm and there spent his remaining days, his death occurring in 1860. His wife survived him and died in 1862. In order of birth their children were as follows: Matilda, born in 1828, is deceased: Luther is the next of the family; Benjamiin F., born June 24, 1832, married Sarah Barkhami and is deceased, while his widow still lives on the old home farml; Susan L., born in 1835, is the widow of Charles Jeromle and resides in Romeo; John L., born in 1839, lives with his sister Susan; George W., born in 1841, died at the age of twelve years; Ellen E., born in 1843, is the widow of Harvey Mellen and also makes her home in Romeo. Luther Procter was reared to manhood Upon the old homestead and is indebted to the public-school system of the county for the educational privileges he enjoyed. Ile was trained to farml work under the direction of his father, whom he assisted until lie attained his majority. H-e was first married in 1866 to Miss Harriet L. Sterling, a native of Maconmb county, born April 16, 1836, iii Washington township, and a daughter of Captain Azariah and Miranda (Leach) Sterling. Her father was one of the early settlers of this county who calme froml New York to Michigan. lie won his title by service in the state militia, of New York. Following his marriage Mr. Procter located on a farm, having eighty acres of land which he began to improve. Later he purchased more land as his financial resources permitted and he is now the owner of a valuable tract of three hundred and ten acres. lere he has erected good buildings, has secured modern farm ml achinery to facilitate the work of the fields, has planted an orchard and altogether has one of the best improved farml properties in his part of the county. I e also maintains a deer park, around which is a high wire fence, and here for a number of years he has had several deer, now having six head. iMr. Procter lost his first wife in 1884. There -was one son by that marriage, Charles S., who was born March 21, 1867, and died March 19, 1904, at Silver City, New Aexico. where he had gone with the hope of benefiting his health. Ile was a young.man of exemplary habits and upright character, g reatly esteemed by all, and his death brought an almost unbearable loss to the father, who thus lost his only child. For his second wife Mr. Procter chose Mrs. Annette King of Inlay City, Lapeer county,:Michigan, their marri age being celelrated in 1886. She is a daughter of Jirah and Louiisa (Black) Cardwell, and by her former imarriage had three children: Jirah A.. born October 29, 1866, is now a teacher ill North Dakota. Carrie, born December 16, 1864, married John Edwards and resides in St. Louis, Missouri. Blanch IL., born Aulgust 22, 1878, completed a four years' course at Olivet College, Eaton County, Michigaan nd received the degree of Master of Arts at Anm Arbor in 1903. She is now principal of the high school at Delray, near Detroit. Politically Mr. Procter is a republican, who has been ulnfaltering in his support of the party since casting his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont in 1856. lIe has never aspired to office, however, preferring that others shall occupy the official positions. In the spring of 1905 he renoved from his farml to Romeo and purchased a neat residence on West St. Clair street. He has been a resident of the county for seventy-five years and has seen its development and growth from pioneer times when the greater part of the county was wild and unimproved. lie has witnessed the introduction of the telegraph and telephone, the building of towns and villages and the undertaking of many business enterprises. In all that has been accomplished he has borne a public-spirited interest and has himself led an active and useful life, being one of the successful farmers and business men of this part of the state. IHe has a genial. kind heart and ready hand and his sterling worth has gained him the friendship and regard of all with whom lie has been brroniiht in contact. IIENRY STEPI EN S. IIenry Stephens, financier and lllllbermanll, whose name was long a force in industrial and commercial circles of M'ichigan and is now found upon the state's roll of honored dead, was a. native of Du)lblin, Ireland. and was a son of Robert L. Stephens, who brought his family to the new world when his son Hlenry was four years of age. The family home was establishedl in (Canada and the son had the privilege of attendiimg schools there for a few months but was practically self-educated, learning from each experience a.nd step which he lmla(le inl life valuable lessons that were tlurned to account as changing conditions in his business career called forth a new line of action. When HEHRY STEPHEMS *I PAST AND) PRESENT OF MACOMB COJUNTY I I5 seventeen years of age he came to Romieo, where his brother owned a store and1 not long afterward he purchased the store and entered upon a business career as creditable as remarkable. It was marked by consecutive progress and he found in each transition stage opportunity for further advancement. Each step was carefully and deliberately nmade and he seemed to have reached at every point of his career the utmost possibility of accoillllishment at that point. He early noted the opportunity for investment in the lunbler industry and was among the promoters of this line of work which became a chief source of revenue to the state. Purchaising land from time to time, his lumber interests reached very extensive and profitable proportions, and in the developllent of the business he displayed an enlercgy and foresight seldom ecqualled. lIe was not merely a follower but a, leader in the onwair(d march of progress which has characterized business conditions and his namle became a powter in commnercial circles in the state. lMr. Stelhens was ls arried, Septell)ber 20, 1853, to Miss Clarinda Leet. 'a (allighter of 1)r. Albert Leet, one of the 1)ionleer ph ysicians of IMacoImb county, who wa' s b1)on' ill (onnecticut but in 1840 b)eca( e a r'esid(nt of Romeo, where he remained until his (deatl. Iis l)road humanitarianl spirit was malifested in his practice. lie was a mal of fille presence, of social qualities that renldered liiiii popular and the possessor of traits of (clharacter that 1made hill resl)ecte(d by all wh{o knew himi. Dr..Leet was 1marrie( to Aliss Catherine 'Palen, a native of l'alenfield. (Xreene county, New York, who (ied ill 1900. hMr. and Mirs. Steph)ens beca me the pa rents of two sons aind a daughter: I lery A., a p)ronillent business man of I)etroit, 0who is holding extensive commercial interests. Alen11 L.. a resident of Detroit; a,(1 Catheriie. who became the wife of Charles AMlTver and d(ied at Old Mission, iin San Jose, California. in 1899. Mr. Stephens passed aw.llay at the satime p)lace, February 22, 1885,.and his (leath lwas tl(ie (occasion of deepl reg'ret il l)usimness circles, wNhere his lablors hadl beenl of direct or illilrect benefit to huid(lreds; i social c(ircles, where his force of (la raciter, attractive per(soallllitty ad kindly col si(l deratioll for others lhad a(l de hin l)popullar: and il the fallil y circle, vwhere, as a devoted husband aI id father, his best traits were iiiost frequ(eiitly seen. lie was a stanch republica 11, deeply and actively interested in the political issues affecting the welfare of the country. I-e was one of the early members and organizers of the Odd Fellows lodge at Romeo and as his financial resources increased he became a generous contributor to various churches and charities. FRANK A. BYWAT'ER. Franlk A. lBywater, the efficient and popular postillaster at Memlphis, Michigan, was l)orn near this town, MIay 3, 1865, a son of John and Carrie (Tiller) Bywater, the formiier a native of Warwickshire and the latter of IIallpsh)ire. England. The paternal grandfather, John Bywater, was also a native of WarwAickshire and came to Anlerica about 1830, locatiing first ini Ohio, whence he afterward removed to Mlacomb county, Michigan, settling near Richlnond, where he remained for a fewv years. HIe then removed to IMeniI)his, where he spent his remaiinig days, devoting his attention in part to general farming anld while in England he was a silk wfeaver. When b)ut a boy John Bywater, Jr., )beg)an working on the MIississippi river, running,rafts and doing other service. In 1850 he imade a trip overland to California, actiull as calptain of an einigralnt party going ollt to the goldfields. lie made three trips prior to his marriage and later he made a trilp for Bultterfield & Patterson, stockmen of MI:ichiganl. In addition to conveying a p)arty of eiigr'ants across the plains at that tilme lie took a. number of thoroughbred horses, cattle and sheep, haviong more or less troluble with the Indians on this as well as on other trips. The red men greatly adniired the thoroulghlbred stock.and tried hard to get themi away from him. On Ills return Mrt. Bywater located a half ile soluth of Memphis, where his wife anm two children were living, and contillllel to cultivate and imlprove that farm until 1 865, w-hen lie bought one lhundred and twenty-five acres of land, two miles west a ad a half mile south of IMemiphis. Thlere he established hi:s hoime, renaining in that locality until 187t. (dllrilng which timie he imllroved the property. I e tlhen sold out a(nd with his family went to San Francisco, California, and on to Portland1, Oregon, but remained at that place only a short timie. IHe then remnoved to Salem, Oregon, and six weeks later he fitted out an eiiogtrant w agon with which lie traveled to Sacratmenito, California, a distance of six II6 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY hundred miles, making this trip because of his wife's ill health. She was benefited by the change of climate and after two weeks spent in Sacramento he sold his team and returned by way of the Union Pacific railroad. The Indians at that time were on the warpath. The Custer massacre occurred about that time and the Bywater famnily narrowly escaped being captured by the red men. The fact that a train load of soldiers had just arrived, replaced the track which had been torn up by the Indians and drove the red men away, accounts for their safe journey. The report, however, reached Michigan that they had been murdered by the Indians. Traveling eastward to Leavenworth, Kansas, they remained there for two weeks. Mr. Bywater searching for a favorable location but not finding one, they continued on their way to Michigan and greatly surprised their old friends who believed that they had been scalped. Mr. Bywater then purchased a farm of eighty acres and moved west of Memphis and he was also forced to purchase again his former farm, for the man to whom he had sold it was unable to meet his obligations. The family, however, made their home on what was known as the Rigg farm, where they continued until 1895, when Mr. Bywater retired from active agricultural pursuits and established his home in Memphis. The old desire for travel remained with him and about 1888 he made a trip to Seattle with the intention of visiting the scenes of his early experiences on the Pacific coast, but after a short time his desire to see his family became so strong that he did not carry out his intentions with regard to his western visit. During the last years of his life he lived in retirement from business cares and spent much of his time in travel, visiting many places of interest. His wife passed away in 1896 and he died in 1900, at the age of eighty years. Mr. and Mrs. John Bywater were the parents of seven children: Julia is the wife of E. A. Bartlett, of Memphis; Alice is the wife of F. B. Wade, of 1\lemphis; Edith is the wife of C. D. Prichard, of Memphis; Frank A. is the next younger; Edwin L. resides in Detroit; John is deceased; Mabel is the wife of Stephen Dinsmore, of Capac, Michigan. John died at the age of twenty-two years, being killed by a load of wood falling on him. He was a popular young man, having many friends who deeply regretted his death. Frank A. Bywater spent his boyhood days on his father's farm and acquired his edu cation in the schools of lMemphis. When seventeen years of age he engaged in the hardware business here, the father giving him his time. IIe was associated with F. B. Wade under the firm name of Wade & Bywater and this business was continued by them for eleven years with good success. They then sold out and Mr. Bywater engaged in farming on land previously belonging to George H. Stewart, one and a half miles south of Memphis. There he continued until 1904, meeting with fair success, when he was appointed postmaster at Iemnphis and is now discharging the duties of that position, being a popular and efficient officer. On the 3d of January, 1888, Frank A. Bywater married Nina M. Cole, of St. Clair county, a daughter of Daniel II. Cole, who for many years practiced medicine in lMenmphis and died in 1904. They have one daughter, Celia. Mr. Bywater is a Mason and a Knight of the Maccabees and he and his wife are popular young people, enjoying the friendship of many and the hospitality of the best homes of the town and surrollidin( district. TRANGOTIT LIITNGERSIIA I SEN. Trangott Imllngershausen, of M5ount (lelmens, was born July 1, 1833, in Artern, Prussia, and when he came to America he was almost penniless. Itis life, therefore, is another proof of the opportunities and advantages which this country affords to young men of energy, determination and( ability, for he is to-day classed among the bankers of his adopted city. He has, moreover, figured prolminently in public affairs here and has been honored by his fellow-townsimen with official preferment. IHe is a son of Gottwerth and Caroline Lungershausen. His father was engaged in the real estate and commission business, and was a retired officer of the Prussian army. The genealogical history of the Lungershausen family has been traced back to the twelfth century and includes upon its pages the names of many barons, counts, soldiers, ministers and statesmen. Trangott Lungershausen was educated in the public schools of his native town, completing his course by graduation in 1848. Soon afterward he became a clerk in the Imperial Salt Works at Artern, Prussia, and remained there for three years, when he became a clerk in the county court at Sangers 11 N;i; II Cz, 9y I,; I, I1 PIAST AND IPR IESENT OF MACOA C(UlNTY II9 hallsen, P'rlussia, where he spent one year. Having attained the age of nineteen years he then took passage on a sailing vessel at Bremen for New York, where he landed July 13, 1852, after a voyage of eight weeks. Iis total possessions at that time were his clothes and two dollars anld a half il gold, but soon after reachirnl the easterni metropolis lie spent his last cent ill ayiLng railroad fare to a small town about onlle lihundred mIiles fronm New York, where a railroad line was being constructed(, men being needed to work on the road. Ile thought that he might secure enmploymlent there, but when he reached( his destination a strike was on and he could (get no work, so hle walked back to Jersey (City. There he pawned his pocketbook for fifteenl cents ill ord-er to p1,ay the ferry passage across the river to New York. IIe relmained in New- York for three months. A man of his determlination), p1llck an(l perseverance could not long remain idle al(l lie secured a clerkship in a,lo(celrv store. At the end of that tin-e he came to Michigan and began wrork onl a farm il Cliltoi to wnship. AIMacollm counlty. lie afterward went to Sault Sainte Ma.-rie, where he worked for three months, assistin il buil(tding the first locks in the governmenl t can(al. Ihe afterwar. went to D)etroit, where he ilearned the ca rl)enter's trade and( in 1856i he a'rai removed to the townishil) of (linltoli, Maeoibl) (ounty. Aboult this time he marrieed En1elie Stehe1eit lanlld lecam e a farmer, car('rying (on aglricultural pursuits until he took lup his abode il Mount (Clemens in 1871. Ilere he em)barked in tle ftour and feed tbusiness in the )uilling now knowwn as ('ass Hotel, in the rear of the co rthouse. After one and a half yeairs he sold his store andl becamle a pa)rtler of Jolhn Rocker in ai hardware business in the sa m~e buildiig'. A sh{ort tilme after they removed( their stock to the store 1,ow occupl)ie(l by F. 1). Tll;rich on, the west si(de of Court street, aild( 1\I. IRocler soll omit to Chiarles Zange, while Mr. Lung1erslhausenl soonl afterwa rd sold( lis interest to Mart;iii Pu'lcher. Ir tlhe fall of 1874 Ar. LEuIg'erIshausen was a (,ailid(alte for the office of register of deeds olI thle (ldemocratic ticket an1d was electe(1. IHe was ag1ain (chosen by public vote ill 1876 and 1878, -and he serv(e as delIuty register for tlhe e(isiin g fouarteen yea'rs. Inl 1882 he was Ia.)poillte(l by the c(io)111)1 council as supervisor of tlhe seconll ward1 of Mlount C(lemens to fill the vacancy calsed )y the resignation of Loulis (Groesbeck and he has since held the office, being chaira'llnl of the board from 1901 until 1903, inclusive. His connection with public affairs, however, has not entirely severed his connection with business life here, for lie is to-(lay the vice-president of Mount Clemens Savings Bank, which lie assisted in organizing and of which he hlas been a director for the past twenty years. IIis political allegiance has always been given to the (lemocratic party since he obtained his right of franchise in America. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Lungershausen has been blessed with six children: Ida, who became the wife of Charles C. Fluemer, and (lied in 1888; Clara, at homei; (Gustave, an attendant of the lPark Bathhouse: Oscar C., an attorney-at-law of Mount Clemlens; Wal(lemar, a physician and surgeon of this city; and Alma, who (died in infancy. Oscar Charles was born in Clinton townshi,. MaIcomlb collmtv, February 26, 1865, pursue(d his ed(lcation in the )public schools of lMount (lemens anid took a law course in the University of Michigan with the class of 1887. Tle has since been a practitioner in MIount Clemens an(l in 1892 was elected prosecutting) attoriey. For seven years he was city attorney, while for four years he was city court colnlmmissioner. Ile was one of the organizers (of the lTllrich Savings Bank, of which he is a director, and he is likewise a director all( one of the organizers of the New Haven Bank at New Ilaveni, ald of the Alacomb C'oulty Savings Bank at Lenox, AMiclhiiga i. Hie has been a menbl)er of the Masonic fraternity since 1887 and is a11 active worler in the demnocratic party. The youmigest son, Wallemnar T. Lungershauisen, now a practicing physician and surgeonllof lMoult Clemens, was born May 21, 1877, and continued his public school education until lie was graduated fronm the high school with the class of 1888. le then entered the Michigan University, pursued the medical and literary courses and later attended the University of Pennsylvania, from whichl he was graduated in 1897. This was followed by three years' study in the German University, w-here le hpursued a clinical course, and in 1900 lie returned to his native city and opened an office in Mount Clemens. Here he has enjoyed a liberal bathing practice. Professionally he is connected with the Michigaran State and American Medical Societies and socially with the Masonic and Knights of tPythias fraternities. Trangott Lungershausen has been a valued nember of 5Mount Clemens lodge, No. 120 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 6, A. F. & A. M,., since 1884, and he also belongs to Mount Clemens chapter, R. A. M., the Knights of the Maccabees and to the Arbeiter Unterstuetzungs Verein, of which he was president for many years. While not an active member he attends the Evangelical Lutheran church. The true measure of success is determined by what one has accomplished, and viewed in this light, Mr. Lungershausen may well be called a most successful man. Almost penniless during the first few months of his residence in the new world, he has gradually advanced in the walks of life demanding close application and strong intellectuality. Ile has won for himself an enviable reputation. In his business dealings he is known for his prompt and honorable methods, while his official career as well as his business record has won him the deserved and unqualified confidence of his fellowmen. MIRS. J. I-. BRABB. Mrs. J. I1. Brabb is one of the few remaining early settlers of Romeo. She can remember when this thrifty little city was a cross-roads village, it being scarcely more than a hamlet when in her childhood days, in 1835, she acconlpanied her parents to Michigan. She is a native of the Empire state, having been born in Fulton county, New York, in 1824. Hter father, Marvel Shaw, was likewise born in New York, and was there reared to manhood. Ile married Roxanna Kennedy, whose birth occurred in Saratoga county, New York. They began their domestic life upon a farm there and for several years Mr. Shaw continued to engage in tilling the soil in the east. I)uring this period the family circle was increased by the addition of three sons a nd four daughters. In 1835 Mr. Shaw removed to the west, settling in Macomb county, Michigan, the primitive condition of which district is indicated by the fact that much of the land was still in possession of the government, so that it was entirely devoid of improvements. Only here and there were seen evidences of an advanced civilization. Mr. Shaw secured land from the government in Washington township, near Romeo, and having cut down the trees and cleared the ground, he fenced his farm and tilled his fields, making a good farm property as the years passed by. Here he reared his family and his last days were spent in Romeo. He was a successful farmer and financier, making judicious investments of his earnings in land and as the years passed he became the owner of large tracts of farm land. He was recognized as one of the typical and reliable business men of Miacomb county, and his death, which occurred in 1876, was the occasion of deep and widespread regret. Ile had for two years survived his wife, who passed away in 1874. Mrs. Brabb is the only surviving member of her father's family. Her girlhood days were spent upon the old homestead farm and she was educated in Romneo. Uinder her mother's direction she became familiar with the duties of the household and was thus well equipped to care for a home of her own. In 1844 she gave her hand in marriage to John H. Brabb, who was a native of Yorkshire, England, born in 1822. Ile came to the new world with his father when a lad of ten years and was reared and educated in Macomb county. Following their marriage the young couple located upon a farm in the township of Bruce and Mr. Brabb there devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits for a number of years. Subsequently he established his home in Romeo, where he engaged in dealing in grain and loaning money. Ile possessed keen business discernment and excellent sagacity and was seldom, if ever, at fault in matters of business judgment. -le became associated with the First National Bank soon after its organization and was its president until the time of his death, April 23, 1894. In the bank he instituted a safe, conservative policy which won public confidence and secured for the institution a high decree of success. His business methods were such as would always bear investigation and scrutiny and his business record was creditable, winning him the unqualified confidence of the general public. Iie never made engagements that he (lid not keep, nor incurred obligations that he did not meet, and thus his name became known as a synonym of commnercial integrity and responsibility. Mr. and Mrs. Brabb were the parents of one son-M. I. Brabb, who was reared in Romeo from the age of nine years and pursued a course in the high school here. IIe afterward attended Eastman's National Business College, at Poughkeepsie, New York, and when he had completed his studies at that institution he returned home and began clerking and bookkeeping. lie afterward became a director in the First National PAST' AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I2I Bank and on the death of his father was elected president. This office he has filled continuously until the present time, although the institution was reorganized in May, 1897, and has since been known as the Romeo Savings Bank. Under his direction this reliable institution has become one of the most prosperous in the county. He enjoys an enviable reputation in banking circles. It is true that he entered upon a business already established, but in enlarging this he has displayed executive force and keen discrimination, which classes him with the representative financiers of Macomb county. Romeo has also profited by encouragement and aid which he has given to many of her public enterprises and he is enrolled among the valuable and representative men. He is also president of the Burt & Brabb Lumber Company, of Ford, Kentucky, a thrifty and profitable corporation. AI. I. Brabb was married in Romeo to Miss Louise S. Collins, a native of this county, born and reared in Romeo. They have one son-Roy C., who is now married and resides in Detroit. MA. I. Brabb removed with his family to Detroit in 1903, and is now living in that city. Early in life he united with the order of Masonry and is a member of the lodge, chapter, collmmandery, consistory and shrine. MICIAEL HETZEL CRISSMAN. Deacon Michael H. Crissman, a capitalist of Romieo and one of the honored pioneer settlers of the state, has resided in Mlacoinb county since 1833. Thus for seventy-two years he has witnessed the growth and progress of this portion of the state and has an intimate knowledge of the events which have formed its history and established its policy. making it one of the leading counties of this great commonwealth. Mr. Crissllan was born at Blairstown, in Warren county, New Jersey, March 21, 1827, his parents being Benjamin and Mary (Kern) Crissman. His paternal grandfather, John Crisslman, was a native of Germany and after comiing to America served this country as a soldier of the war of the Revolution. He was one of the pioneer residents of Blairstown, and it was there that his son, Benjamin Crissmnan, was born in 1788. Having arrived at years of maturity he was married in 1812 to Miss Mary Kern. By trade he was a tailor and he carried on business in Blairstown until after the birth of all their children. In 1833 he arrived in Michigan, purchasing a farm in Washington township, Macomb county, upon which was a little log cabin, while thirty acres of the land was cleared and improved. He worked at his trade for several years and also carried on the work of the farm and his labors proved effective in promoting general prosperity and upbuilding here. He died in May, 1862, having for several years survived his wife, who passed away in 1853. In their faniily were seven children, all of whom reached adult age, but only two are now living, the brother being Amos Crissman, of Romeo. Michael I. Crissman of this review spent his boyhood days in the usual manner of lads in a frontier settlement. Hie shared with the family in the hardships and trials of pioneer life and assisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm. Ite knows what it is to cut timber in the forest, to plow new land and to harvest crops with the crude implements which were then in use. Hte continued to reside with his father until his marriage, after which his father resided with him until his death. His educational privileges afforded by the district schools were supplemented by study in the Oxford Select School, at Oxford, Michigan. He was married in Deckertown, Sussex county, New Jersey, November 13, 1855, to Miss Margaret Kern, a native of Warren county, that state, and a dalughter of William Kern, who was also born in New Jersey. Following their marriage Mr. Crissman returned with his bride to the home farm in Michigan and became the owner of this place, comlprising two hundred and twenty;.eres, which he continued to cultivate and improve for a long period. Tle also bought miore land adjoining that tract and later purchased several farms until he was the owner of three valuable farmling properties. He continued to operate his farm until 1900, I)ut in 1890 he took up his abode in Romeo. purchasing the place in which he now lives. lie has been a very successful farmer and business man and aside from agricultural interests he has made considerable through loaning money. In this way he has also contributed to the improvement of the county, for he has loaned money where it has stimulated industries and enterprises of the county. In 1901 Mr. Crissman was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 2nd of March of that year and was laid to rest in the Mount Vernon cemetery. By this marriage there were born ten children, of 122 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMIB COUNTY whom ]line are living, namely: William Leroy, a practicing lawvyer of Cedar Rapids, Iowa; Charles Elmer, who owns and operates the old C(rissmlan farm; Michael Ilugh, a banker of Olin, Iowa; Irene C., the wife of Iber 1)ellnison, of lRolleo; Mary C., the wife of Van W. Eaton. owner of an elevator at Romeo; Ora C., the wife of I Ienry Morton, of MIuskegon, Mlichiall; Lioretta C(1., the wife of W. N. Sweney, county clerk at Bay City, llichigan; IJaira C., the wife of Fred A. Eckert, supler ilnt(ldent of the Northern Electrical Engineerlilg Works, of l)etroit, Michi,,gan; Alice (., the wife of Iafayette A. Bates, of Ronleo; andl Margaret, who died at the age of foulteeiln years. Politically Mr. (Crissmlan li as b)een a lifelonlg replublicant anl(l he c'ast his first presi(lential vote for Lewis (Css, while his second ballot was givenl to Johnl C. Frelont, first candidate of the repulblican p)arty. In Washington township h( served as justice of the peace I)llt has never bleeln a Ioliticianl in the seiise of office seekillng. lie is a nIelmber of the 3Baptist church, in w hich he has served as deacon, and he i: well knlown in his locality as Deacon Crissman. For four yearsl he has traveled quite extensively, going front the Atlantic to the Pacific, visiting lMexi(o and the western states as well as localities in the east. lie has tlihs gained a good knowledge of his native country. His business career lias proved that success is ambition's answer and it also indicates that persistent, earnest and honorable labor constitutes the key that unlocks the portals of prosperity. Ile has assisted all his children in a financial way and he has also been an alvocate of public-spirited ineasures for the welfare of his community. Having lived in Maacomb county for seventytwo years he is very well known within its borders and his mind bears the impress of its development and upbuilding while hle has ever taken just pride in what has been accoimplis.hed here. TrALMAIA(DGE A. LEE. Talmadge A. Lee is a well known and popular business man of Mount Clemens, being the present mlanager of the Lee Printing Company, with office at No. 92 North Walnut street. This company was established in 1894, and their present modern and commodious printing house was built in 1896. MAr. Lee of this review was born in TMount Clem ens and was edlcated in the city schools. In early life he learned the printer's trade. Walter T. Lee, the father of our subject, is also a mlembller of the lzee Printing (Co11 -pany and was formerly p)rominently identified with journalism in Macotnib county. In 1866, in connection with Hlon. Edgar Weeks, lie became owner and publisher of The Monitor, which was a rlepu)liica paI)per, aind in that enterprise he met with sllcess, b)ecomingl sole0 propIrietor at the end of a year. Subsequently he sold out to 1). AM. (Cooper, w\ho in tlullr sold to Mr. O'BIrien, and the latter was succeeded by J. E. Nellis & Soni, who ar( still conlducting the Ipaper. In 1873 Walter T. Lee started the AIount Clemens Tru'e Record, which after a brief existence was imero(ed into the lMount Clemlens Repulblican, conducted by W. N. AMiller & (ompany for a tille. AIItS. JOIIN KIEFFEIR. A:rs. John Kieffer, owner of the Park Hotel, whose business discerninent and executive ability have been manifest in her judicious investmlent in hotel prolerty ill A[ount C(lemens and other resorlts to which the traveler, for specific reasons, nmakes his way, is a native of Germany. She bore the maiden name of M5argretha Smith, and after spending the first ten years of her life ill the fatherland, shee came with her parents to the United States, the family home bei ng established in Buffalo, New York, where she grew to womianiooid. In 1856 she (gave her lanlt in marria ge to Johni Kieffer, la native of France, who was born in 1827,.ant was only two years (old when his p)arents crossedl the Atlaltic. For imany years Mr. Kieffer wa;s en-t' gedrl ii the hardware )business in lIuftfalo, New York. lHe waIs 1a llman of rathetr leti.ring (lisl)osition, lbut )ossessedl 1manll sterling traits of c(ihracter. Mrs. Kieffer came1 to MIoun(t (lemeins with her (laughlter in 1887, seekilng the benefit of the baths which were just tlheln coiJilg into Iro(milnence becallse of the medticinal 1andl curative q(ualities of the water. She recognized thle sI)lendid business opl)ortunities here affor(led a:d(l the bright future in store for Mount Clemens, and she at once entered ul)pon( an arraimgement for the care of whlat was then the (Central Park Iotel, a small structure containing ten rooms. Not long afterward she purchased the property and thus laid the foundation for her present business interests, which have grown and( k t:ac n::~;: ~-t-ii e i-:: Zr::-~'~:l-::::::: ""llsRBswtaaBaari_:,.F i Y PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 125 developled, the present magnificent structure, the Park 1hotel being the outcome of her keen discernment and enterprise. This finie hostelry was erected at a cost of one hundred and thirty-eig'ht thousandl dollars, exclusive of furnishings. IMrs. Kieffer is a womanii of remarkable caplability, readily recognllizing and utilizingl a favorable busiiiess opportunity, and she is now interested to the extent of half ownership in the large hotel at Aiken, South Carolina, called The Park in the Pines, which was erected at a cost of three hundred thousand dollars. There she spends the winter months, while in the summer season she has charge of the MIount Clemens Hotel. By her mlarriage IMrs. Kieffer becalme the mother of four childiren, of who)lml two are nlow living: Mrs. Julia C. McArthur, the widow of Benjamlin R. MeArthur: and (leorge Kieffer. IIer husband died in MIount (leonieIls a1(1 his remllainls were initerred in the cellletery here. IMrs. Kieffer, th'roliglI her caplability a(nd )busilcess capacity, llas colltrillted to the imlprovellenlt of this city il a subtstailtial ileasulre, aCn d ill the social circles of Momunt (Clemlens she is well known, having maay friends here. FRANK I. SC(1IOONO\ER. FranIlk I. Schoonover, who is serving as townshilp clerk and is also operating his farln o0 sectioll 6, Sterlingo t)wnship), was born May 9, 1879, his parelts beiug Alfred and Lydia Jaie (lhovell) Sechoonover. Thle father was tlhe s5o0 of Cyrus Sehoonover who was one of thle fi'rst settleris of Malcomll county. Alfred Schoonover nlade his home within one-half m ile of the farnm o ilwhich Frank I. Schoonover iiow resides and there his Ilother lived a11(d llis wife is still occupyimng that place. Tis land was takeln up by 10111Colonel John Wood, wlio served il the war of 1812 and who settled (o0 section 8, Sterlig townlship, and thlere Alfred Slchoonover developed ad and inplrove(l a farm wlichli he cultivated for a number of yea rs and 111)(0l which hiis 1widoxw still resildes. 111 their famlily wex1re tIree so(ns anld a daughter, iamely: Frank I.: Liina, wlo marriedl Jesse Kilg' aid withl their one child resl(ides ill Sterling townshilp C,(ail E., who is liviiig withl his llother: ci ad Clyde, who is employed in thle Kalamazoo (Carriage Factory inl Kalamazoo, MIichigail. Frailk I. Schoonover 1ha1 ving illastered the blraielles of learniniIg taug'ht ill the district schools afterward entered the high school at lUtica where he was graduated with the class of 1898. IIe began farmling on his mother's place and has always carried on agricultural pursuits. lie nowv has eighty acres of good and well improved land, carrying on general farmling alnd dairying. HIe makes a specialty of the raising of sugar beets, which he finds is a prIofitable industry. Ile keeps on hand a large nu111lber of cows of a good grade for dailry piiposes and he is a director illn the Itica Creamery Conmpany which has been iIl existellce for three years. Practical experience and iilvestig'ation have made hint thoroighly informed conlcerning modern agricultu'ral mIethods and his labors have been so carefully directed that his efforts have been ero(wned witl a gratifying measure of success. ()On the 27th of larchl, 1901, Mr. Sehoonover xwas united in mlarriage to AMiss Etta Cromnice, a daughter of Robert and Eliza (i[cRoberts) C'romie, tboth of wvhomi are of Irish descent. The fathier was born in Irelanld and became a residlent (of Sterling towxnship, Macol)mb couilty, Mlicebigan, where hlie has since followed the occulpation of farming. Ilis wife is a ilative of I)etroit bunt came of Irish ancestrvy. Mr. Mh. ald MIvrs. Schoonover have one son0, Iharold Alfred, w-ho was born April 17. 1903. Both IMr. alld Mrs. Sehoonover hold llmembershi1) ill the M1etlhodist church of Utica. 'le is the present townvship clerk of Sterling township, xwhich office lie has filled for two years. Ihaviill- been elected( to thle position ( o) the republicaii ticket. lie is also a policy holder in the IMassachusetts Muitual Insurance ComlpIany. II all imatters (of public welfare lie is deeply i reste d m bres counted and ay be counted upon as a ehalpion of any imeasure institlted for the general good. IIe is a youig man who has already d won creditable success and in the futulre lie w-ill undoubltedly ogain added prosperity tbecause in his business career he maanifests the basis of all financial g'rowth-indefatigable eliergvy. WILLIA\M J. I)ALEY. Although iiature supplied Mount Clemens Awith milineral xwaters whose medicinal properties have becoilme famed throughout the world, this was not all that was necessary to ilake this city a health resort. It has required men of ilarked force, keen discernment and manifest executive ability to utilize the resources that nature has supplied and also to provide 126 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY accommodations for the vast number of visitors that now annually flock to Mount Clemens to benefit by its healing waters. Among this class of citizens is numbered William J. Daley, manager of the Medea Baths. lie is a native son of this county, his birth having occurred in Macomb township, November 4, 1845, his parents being Edward and Sarah (Conklin) Daley. The father was a native of the city of Cork, Ireland, while the mother's birth occurred in the state of New York. The paternal grandfather, John D)aley, fled from Ireland on account of religious persecution and came to America with his family, including Edward Daley. Taking up his abode in Macomb county, Iichigan, he contracted to build certain portions of government road from Detroit to Port Huron and was closely associated with the early development and progress of this portion of the state. His son, Edward Daley, was a farmer by occupation. IIe became a resident of Macomb county in 1828, the family home being established about two miles below Mount Clemens on the Gratiot road. Here he was reared amid the wild scenes of frontier life and as he grew in years and strength he assisted in the development of the home farm and later he carried on agricultural pursuits on his own account. Hle died in 1878 at the age of sixty years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Conklin, died in 1859. She was a daughter of Aaron Conklin, also a native of the state of New York. IHe located in Macomb township, this county, in the '20s, having come by wagon to the west. Ile hewed out a farm in the midst of the forests and reared a large family here. Iis wife bore the maiden name of Susan Hall and belonged to the well known Hall family of Michigan. William J. Daley is indebted to the public schools of Mount Clemens for the early educational privileges he enjoyed. Ile was eighteen years of age when, in 1863, he entered the United States Navy, serving until the close of the war, being stationed during the greater part of the time on a Mississippi river boat. Following the close of hostilities he returned to his home and entered upon his business career as clerk in the store of Traver, Van Eps & Company. Ile was thus employed until 1871, when he turned his attention to the hardware business, as a member of the firm of Robertson & Daley, from 1871 until 1881, when he sold out to the firm of Crittenden & Posner. ITe then began building steamn barges in Mount Clemens and thus continued for two years as an active factor in the construction of vessels, while financially he was interested in the business until 1890, when he sold out. In the meantime, on the 2d of December. 1881, Mr. Daley organized the Mount Clemens Bath Company, of which he was made president and manager. Others in this organization were Charles Nimms, Charles Parsons, Thomas Fitzgerald and Spencer B. Russell. They organized with a small capital of sixteen thousand dollars. In 1890 they built the present Medea Bathhouse, which was ready for occupancy in October, 1891. In March, 1903, they began the erection of the Medea Hotel, which was completed and occupied on the 6th of June, 1904. The hotel and bathhouse aro conducted under the name of the Mount Clemens Bath Company, of which William J. Daley is president and manager; S. B. Russell, secretary; and Paul J. Ullrich, treasurer. Other stockholders are Leslie Ullrich and Marie II. Russell. The present capitalization is two hundred and fifty thousand' dollars. Mr. Daley resigned as manager in 1893, but returned to the position in 1897 and has since acted in that capacity and as president of the company as well. The new MAedea Hotel is the realization of a long cherished hope of the Mount Cleumens Bath Company. It is designed to meet the demands of a large and exclusive class of visitors who desire a thoroughly modern and roomy house with an attractive central location. In this respect the Medea is without a rival. The constructive finishings of the interior of the structure accord throughout with its massive and picturesque exterior. The Medea building is in every respect modern, is constructed of brick, stone and steel and is practically fire-proof. The ten massive arches forming the first story of the Gratiot street frontage are of Lake Superior red sandlstone, and enclo:e an arcade porch one hundred and eighty feet in length by sixteen feet in width. The same stone is used with red pressed brick in carrying up the entire front of the building, giving a rich and massive effect. It is located at the intersection of the two principal avenues of the city, and overlooking (Court square on the one side and the Clinton river on the other. The Medea water is strongly impregnated with salt and sulphur,,tandinz first among the noted saline-sulphur springs of the world. In ealcic and magnesia chlori(des it is remarkably rich, possessing over four hundred per cent more of these healthgiving properties than any other waters. The presence of these acknowledged remedial PAST AND PRESENT OF MA COMIB COUNTY 127 agents to such an unusual extent renders the Medea baths exceptionally valuable in the treatment of rheumatism and skin diseases. A comparative view of the scientific analysis of the nlllle'rolus health waters of this country and Europe shows the Medea to contain a much larger proportion of the chlorides, with the single exception of sodic (common salt) andi abollt twenty-five per cent more iron and bromine thall any co-existing water, and the very all)sence of the excess of salt in the comI)ination is accepted by those best acquainted with the water as one of its many elements of superiority. The business and managerial offices of the bathhouse a(re directly off the hotel lobby and form a continuous pronlenade of several hundred feet. The batling departiments are separated fromi the general waitilng rooms, parlors, and cooling rooms lby a tranlsverse hall, and contain one hundred and fifty blathrooms with a daily capacity of over fifteen hundred baths. The MAedea is the only establishment in the city that offers the great aduvantage of duplicate rooms. For each bathroom there are dressinr and c(ooli' rooms where patients (are aftfo()ded i pr, ivacy;ill where an undisturbed and refreslhing rest a-'lr bathing nmay be enjoyed. The bathlb',e is situated in a particularly pleasaniit l i otherwise advantageous part of tlhe (-ity. It is lear to the business center atidl all leadiingi places of public interest. At hand are nuninerous hotels and boarding heouses, ald -i'tee't car lines pass the door. - Trhe patient is afforded every convenience that siuch a location suln'ests. In connection with his (llties as mIlanagler of the Mount Clemenls Bathl Coipanyt, Mr. DIaley is also a illemllber of thle bo)ard of manalgers of the XMount Clemll es Casket Company. On the 4th of November. 1891. AIM. D1)le. was married to Miss Martha Blanch Johnson. a daughter of Robert F. and Mlildred ('Ta ndy) Johnson of Lexington, Kentucky. In his political views Mr. Daley is a democ(rat, illterested in the questions and growth of his party, and in 1888 he was elected mayor of -Mount Clemens. THe gave to the city a practi ca'l and progressive administration and retired from office with the confidence and good will of all. after declining renomination. He was also appointed the first police commissioner of the city. Tie was a member of the board of putblic works for five years and he is a member of II. D. Terry Post, No. 16, G. A. R.; Mount Cleenlles Lodge, No. 6, A. F. and A. I.: the Chapter and Council ill lMasonry, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. TTe has ever been a busy worker, yet is never neglectful of the courtesies of life, being a gentlemian of pleasing address and affable manner. As the organizer of the Medea baths and connecting hotel property he has contributed in large nmeasure to the growth and upbuilding of the city. II1RAMI VOSBURIG. Hiraml Vosburg, who is interested in general farmling oni section 21, Shelby township, was born in Dutchess county, New York, December 16, 1839, and is a son of Harmon and Charity (Owen) Vosb)urg. The father was also a native of the Empire state and was of (Gernan lineage. Ile, too, followed the occupation of farmiing and in 1852 he removed to Lapeer county, ichIiglan, being a ccon:panied by his wife and three children, 11iram, Charles and Wesley. Charles, a painter and farmler, nowi living ill Brown C(ity, Miclhigan. is marrie(d and has three childlrel. AWesley, a painter of Cleveland, Ohio, is also Illarried and has a family. One son, Georlge, was born after the arrival of the parents in MIiclhigan, but died in infancy. Harmon Vosburg purchased land near the city of Lapeer, havinlg one1( hundred and eleven acres upon which the faiily home was estall)lished. Later, however, he sold that property and purchased one hundred and twenty acres of land at Davisburg. After disposing of the latter tract he )became the owner of one hundred and eighty acres iI Shelby town shlip, Afacomnl) county, on which he continuled to imake his homne up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1886, when he wNas sixty-one years of age, his birth having occurred ii 1825. His widow survived him, having died in April. 1905, at the advanced age of eightythree years. Hiram Vosburg pursued his education in the schools of New York and of Lapeer county, Michigan. In early life lie worked as a farm hand for ten dollars per month and was employed in that way until he had saved enough to begin farming on his own account. He started out as an agriculturist with only eight acres of land. Ile afterward bought a farn of one hundred acres of improved land and later sold that tract and purchased the interest of the heirs in the old homestead. where he now has one hundred and sixty acres of good land. Here he has lived for miany years and has placed his farm under I28 PAST ANI) PRESENT OF MIACOMB C()OUNTY a high state of cultivation, e(lquippting it with all modern improvements. On the 16th of May, 1870, Mr. Vosburg was married to Miss A1Iollie Mattoon, a daughter of Andrew and Katherine (Wells) AMattoon. Iler father was born near Saratoga Springs, New York, in 1775, and died in 1885, at the very advanced age of one lhundred and ten years, the oldest man i, iciihigan. lie was of Scotch descenlt, was reared as a farmer and served as a soldier of the war of 1812. Ile caile to his Miehig'al t hol()e b)y way of a path indicated by blazed trees. There was at that tinme l)o city where Detroit now stands, the only blnilding beilng the old fort which was in the iidst of the bulrushes. From that point lie proceeded b wy way of the trail to _liacoim!b countv, and was oine of the first settlers within its ))or(ders. le secured land from( the governimen:t where the town of Romeo has since been built, but lived there for only three or for' y(ears, when hlie removed to Attica, Lapee'r county, where he purchased one hundred acres of land that is now owiied I)y a I )rothler of.l'Mrs. llirani Vosbnurg. Il(po)n that pilace the fathi'er (lied, having for Nllay ye'ars carri(ed oi( farming there. Mlany tines he( went to miiill o() foot, coverinll a distaunce of twenty iil(es eaeli way. There were imanv Indians an(l ]Ftrench living, ill this part of thei cointry a 11( tlhe eig'hbol1rh(ood was alhnot a wil(l'erness, g'iviI(g) little evidence of the dlevelopmeni t anid pr)ogress which it has since iMade. Iln the \[attoon famnily wetre the following: Andrew, who d(ied in ('alifornia i'l the early iaiing, dlays; Orrin, now deceased, who was iiiarried and had a family; Betsy, who was miarried aid had six children; D)avid(, who live{s onI the ()ld farm in lLapeer coi(i)ty and is iiarrie.d a11(1 has four children; C( hiistoplher, who( was a mnember of the Tenth Michigai V\olunteer' Infantry and was killed at the b)attle of (hickamaug'a, leaving a widow; Ricihard, w'io was in the Fourth Mlichig an Voliiiteer Ca valry and died in a hospital iin Teimnnessee; Electa,. now deceai:ed, who was married and had four children; Alice, who died at the agge of eioghteen years; Mary Jane, who was married and died at the age of seventeen years; Leah and Linda, twins, who died in infancy; and Charles, who also (lied in. infaney. Mr. and Mrs. Vosburg became the parents of one son, Ward L., born July 16, 1880. lie married Miss Iva Bain and they have a son, Harry, born October 17, 1904. Ward L. Vosb)urg was formerly a motormian in Detroit, Michigan, and is now foreman at the gravel pit in ITtica. lIe pI)Irsi'ed his education in the )public schools and is a u'raduate of the high school of Lapeer. Mr. Voburg has always been a stanch republicall since casting his first presidential ballot, but while he keeps well informied on the lquestio(ns and issues of the day lie has inever soug'ht or desired office, preferring' to give his undivided attention to his busi)ness affairs. BENJAMIN PAINE. Benjamin Paine, living oi section 32, Ray township, follows general farling and stockraising, having seventy-five acres of land iIi the homie place and fort acres on sectionii 29. lie was born on what is known as the o(ld laine homestead, JuIly 13, 18:36, and is a son( of Thomas Paine, a native of New Yrk,. wh(o was reared there and in early imanhood wedded Elizabeth Mlc(Grego0r, al also a tive of New York. About 1832 lie removed to the west, settling in the town of Ray, Mlacom()ib comunty, Mlichigaan. lie entered one hundred( ana sixty acres of land on section 29 iid cuit the first stick of timber there, eon)tinuiing tlhe work of clearing away the forest trees andl the brush until he had prepared the fields for eiltivatio() a8nd lihad plated, eultivated. aind in due coursqe of time, reaped abundant lia' vests tlherefroim. His first homiie was a 1(log htoumse, iII which he lived for a few vears. lie later rebuilt the log house upon his p)lace and continued hii: farinimg op)eratiois there for some tiiiie but sublseq(uently sold that property al(d reiiioved to sectioni 30 in the saiie towiishilp, where lie boug'ht a farmi of eighty acres, 111)(o which he spent his last days. Ilis wife (ied three years previouls. II their' family were five sons 015 d txo daughters al nditi t with the exception of one son, all are yet living. Benjallin I aine speiit the (ldays of his bo(yhood and youth in this contiit and is indebte(d to the district schools for the eduhcatioiiial privileges hoe enjovyed. In early life he worke by the nionth as a farmi halid at different times and after reaching ma n's estate learne(ed the masomn's trade and enigaged in layilng st()ll( aniid rick and also in plastering, foll(owigl those pursuits for ten years. In 1885 lie was married in Ray township to Mliss Jennie ar'vin, a native of this township and a daughter of G(eorge W. Garvin, who was also 1)(orn in [Maconlb county. The young couple began their domnestic life upon the farim wthich is still their home. Mr. TPaiine had i)reviou>sly ~f r,it MR. AND MRS. 1BENJAMIN PAINE I~ PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 13I erected a house and barn and had a nice place thus prepared for his bride. He worked at his trade to some extent, doing odd jobs for his neighbors, but his labor was largely devoted to clearing and improving the farm. Ile purchased the interests of the other heirs in the old home place and he also secured forty acres across the road on section 29, Ray township. Hle has cleared about twenty acres of this and in connection with his general farming puirsuiits he raises higlh grade stock, making a specialty of Jersey cattle. Ile is a stockholder in the creamery association of I)avis and furnishes mIilk for that creamlery. lHe owns a, pure'blooded male at the head of his Jersey herd and has some very fine specim:ens of that breed of cattle. IUnto AMr. and Mrs. Paine have been born two children, the elder being Elizabeth, the wife of Frank R. Yax, a farmer, of Ray township, w hile Seba Jamles is attending school at I)avis. The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of that town and Mr. Paine belongs to the (Grange at Davis. fHe votes with the republican party, his first presidential ballot being cast for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. lie believes in good schools, substantial improvements and in the promotion of all mieans for general progress and advancement. lie served for six years as chairman of the school board but otherwise has never sought nor desired public office. IHe has spent his entire life, covering sixty-nine years, in this county and has therefore witnessed the greater part of its grow-th and development, noting the changes that have been made and bearinrl his full share in the work of improveiment. EDWIN R. EGNEW. A little tholughtful consideration of the career of Edwin R. Egnew, the manager of the Colonial Hotel, brings to notice the fact that he has in most of his business operations displayed the qualities that characterize the pioneer. Ite has sought out new plans, evolved new methods to favor his projects, and after these have been put in successful execution he has sought out still others, and after those others, and his wise selection has been proven by the success which attends his labors. Not only is he one of the most progressive and enterprising hotel men in the west, but he is one of the best all-around hotel men "to the manner born" and experienced in the best houses in the country, with a com prehensive grasp on the hotel business and an intilmate knowledge of all the details of good hotel keepi-ng. Mr. Egnew- is a native of Butler, Indiana, born March 4, 1841, and is descended from New Englandi ancestry. Iis paternal grandfather spent his early life at Painted Post, New York. and about 1814 removed to Monroe, Michigan, being there at the time of the Indian massacre. Ile made his escape by row boat to Sandusky, Ohio, and then walked to Massinia, Ohio, ibut the weather was so severe that both his legs were frozen and had to be amputated. Ile was taken to Toledo, Ohio, but afterward returned to Massinia, where lie died. His wife was also rescued and taken to Ohio. She lived to the advanced a(ge of inety-foiur years. Their son, George Egnew. was born in Mlonroe, Michigan, in 1811, and in early life learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for many years. IIe mIlarried Miss Alice Harding, who was born in Indilna and was a daughter of Daniel Harding, who emigrated westward fron C(onnecticut, spending much of his life in Lima,. Indiana, in which locality he was extensively engaged in farming. He was very prolinellnt in his colulty and took an active and helpful part in its early development. lie wAas noted as a sportsman, displaying gtreat skill with the rod and gun. Ile passed away, a numnaber of years ago and his wife, Airs. Alice Ilarding, died in Indiana in 1858. Their (dau ghter Alice became the wife of (:eorgc Egonew and her death occurred in 1861, when she was fifty-six years of age, while 5IMr. Egnew departed this life in 1882. Edwin R. Egnew was educated in the public schools at Newville. Indiana, in the high school of that town and in the high school at Waterloo, Indiana. He entered the last named institution at the age of nineteen years and there completed his course, being graduated at the age of twenty-one. Subsequently he attended Duff's Conmmercial College, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and was graduated in bookkeeping and the commercial branches in 1862. He was then retained in that institution as an instructor in the penmanship department for nine months, when Professor Pollock of the Lancaster (Pennsylvania) Mercantile College wrote to Professor Duff for a competent superintendent and Mr. Egnew was recommended. He accepted the position, which he filled in a capable manner for eighteen months, when he was taken ill with typhoid fever. In September following, having sufficiently recovered his health to travel, he went I32 3PAST AND) PRESENT OF i1ACOMB COIUNTY to his home, and the next sutmmer went to Mackinaw, Michigan, and was a guest at the MIackinaw House. Much to his surprise he was chosen as a suitable man to take charge of this hotel and a. few days after his arrival btecame its proprietor, entering u111)o the duities of the position onl the l(0th of Jiitly and conducted the hotel until the end of the season, on the 5th of September. lhe not orily realized a good profit on his labor, )buIt also recovered his health ldurilig that period. I:n the fall he went to )Detroit, where lihe ellg'age in the grocery bu)lsilless unltil 1866, anlld thenl returned to Mackitaw, w here lie leased the John Jacob Astor HIouse anld (ondlliuted it for a season. When fall a c'ainl ( ea he returned to Detroit and accepted a position as entry clerk with the firm of Alleni Sheldou & Co)mpaiy, acting in that capaeity until Mlay 1, 1871. Ile theii accepted a( position with the lDom estic uSewing Machineu ( ompany, at D)etroit, aid continued -there until 1873, wheln he accel)ted a pIosition with tile American Sewing Iachiiie Conimpany, at Plhila Ielp)hia, as mlanager for the states of Idiaai, (Ohio and Kentucky, with office at (licininati. It e acted in that capacity for two years and thell returned to the hotel business ais proplrietor of the Saint Charles lHotel, at Cairo, Illinois. This proved a successful velitfire andil he colnducted the hotel for two years. In the meaitime le also bought the Planters I lotel, at Cairo. and also carried on busiiness there for a year, or until the yellow fever inifested the city and some cases broke out aion()g his guests at the hotel. iMr. Egnew themi returne(l to Detroit, but afterward again weit to Cairo, where he closed the St. Chatrles HoI tel, where the fever had beemi, ibut coiitiuled the Planters Hotel for fifteen months. On the expiration of that period he sold his initerest andl remnoved to Indianapolis, Indiamna, becomning proprietor of the Occidental I lotel, which he conducted until 1880. lie theni soldl out ad(l afterward leased the Remey Ilotel, at Indiamiapolis, renaming it the Brunswick after refitting and refurnishing it in fine shape. lie opened this for business on the 1st of May, 1880, and afterward sold out to Swarts Brothers. He then returned to Detroit as proprietor of the Brunswick Hotel, which he opened May 1st. Both hotel ventures in Indiana had netted him a good financial return. On the 3rd of May, 1881, however, Mr. Egnew had been stricken with rheumatism and ill health made it necessary for himn to dispose of his hotel. The efficacy of the Mount Clemens mineral waters had become known to him, so he sent his porter to this city for a smIall quantity of the water, which lie used with favorable results. Ile at once arrange(l to be bIrought to this place ani( made the trip on a stretcher. When he arrived at the Avery House he was thoug'ht to be more (lead tllhai alive. Ilowever, lie was givenl aths at tlhe orin iinal b)athhouse iiider the suipervision (of Dorr Kellogg, one o(f the earlv (liscove'rers of the medicinlal efficacy of the waters here. After he had takemi fifteen hIaths the painl and torture had left hiimi ad lie h was aHble to 'go about on crutches, and when he continued the treatment for a short timle lie was entirely cured. O() the 15th1 of,Janary, 1884. he took charge of the Avery HoIItel a!nd tihe Original Spring Bathllhouse, retaining Ilis connection with the latter nItil Jumly, 1887, and with the Avery until the fall of 1894. Ile afterward co(lcieted the Egiiew until Novembler 5, 1898, at which time lie came to the Colonial, engaging' in I( business until Mairch 1., 19(00. le then became ilanamger of the new coimipany ()Mnnlilg the orig'inal bathhouse and hotel and thus served until July 15, 1901, when he becanie mianager o(f tlhe( (Colonial, which position lie has since filled. The Colonial is one (If the finest (of the new hotels of this place. Mr. Egnew is oune of the practical hotel 1me( of tihe country, thoroughly understandimig his bulisiess and always evolving iuew nmethods which tend to proimote the comfort of his 'guests and the plopularity of his hotel. _)n the 10th of February, 1901. Mr. Mr. Egnew was umarried to Miss Ella MI. MInorgan of MIount Clemntis. lie is a man of genuine worth and value as a citizen, always initerested in everythinig pIertaining to progress and improvement. Since startingl out in life for himself he has made contisued(l advancemetii in his business career. THOMASIAA ELDRED). Thomas Eldred was for years numbere(h with the thrifty and frugal farmers of Brimce township, where he yet owns a farm o(f two( hundred acres. IIe is now living retired ill Romeo in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. His residence in the comity dates fromn 1840. lie was at that time twelve years of age, his birth having( occuirred ill Otsego county, New York, in 1828. Ilis father, Thonmas Eldred, Sr., was also a, native of the Empire state and was there reared amnd married. In 1840 he removed westxward to PAST AN'I) PRESENT OF MACOEIB COUNTY'3 I33 Aliehigan, l)catil i in alMacomllb) cunty, where lie pl)urehased governmllent landl and clea red antd developed a farm, continuing his resi(ldelce thereon until hi:s life's la)bors were enlled inl death. It was upon this old lhonlestead place that 'Thlomas Eldred spent the days of his boyhood and vyoth. When a lad he knew wvhat hard lalo)(r meant, for he assisted his father in clearing and iliprovinllo the farm. lie saw no reason to change his occlpation after lihe had reaehed adult age, for farming was (colgenial to him, andl hie bou(ght a small traet of lal(d of twenty-five acres, whieh he b1egall to iImplrove for his own )benefit. As a companion and helpmate for life's.j(orney he chose Miss Anna Mlcaf'erty, a sister (of John M:eCafferty, who is replresented elsewhere in this work. lie now had further reasons to apply himself closely to his wvork and make his labors count for the most in the acquireimeint of a conmpetence. lie at once bIegan to clear the farm and erect buildings, anid wlenii his crops brought him added capital ie ilpur'chased more land from time to time anUd in the coturse of years bIeeame the po)ssesso(r of a valiable farm, the splendid appearance of wlhich was an indication of his careful supervision and practical, )r()o'ressive methods. Ice planted an orchard, lbuilt fesnces, tilled the fields and raiseld good gra(les of stock. After some years he erected a neat frainme residence, added three good bairnis and otlier ortbulildings, ani( to-dlay has a splendidly illlproved farm property upoI)nI wlhich!e lived for fifty-four years, reiiMoving, in Mlay, 1899, to Romlleo, where he blought a residence that lihe has since occelpied, while livi, g a retired life. Mr. Eldred lost his wife ill 1895. They were parents of the fol)lowig' children: Nathan, a farmer of Almont township. James, who is proprietor of a hotel in Oakland county; John, a farmer of Alacolmb countyv George, who resides with his fa ther; Ieonard, a resident farnmer of Romeo; Roxanna, the wife of Emery (Gould, a farmer living iin Romneo; Phpbe, the wife of Ge(or0e Gould, who follows fanming' in Bruce township: and Mary Ann, the wife of FraInk Shoemaker, a farmier of Washington towniship. There were also two ehildren y w) p1)assed away.: PIh(be, at thle age of tthree vear(; adll( ThIomas, at the age of six years. AMr. Eldred exercises his rig'ht of fraltchise in aeeordanee with the prineiples of Jac(kso(nian deCocrayev aiid has served as cointlmissionierI of hiIhways. TIe has seen Macomlh comnty tralmforimed from a wilderness and swamp into a splendidly imniproved section of the state and at all times has endorsed and co-operatted in the progressive measures which have beniefited his localitv. 11 e deserves th( citdit ad praie ine to the selfmadle iiain, for 1 h started uit in life emnptyhanded, working his way upward through 1111faltering energy an1d unremitting perseverance. MIany there are who mtight vwell follow his example and gai:ii the, success that comes throumgh hono(rable, plersistelt labor. TRUMAIIAN AASS. Truman Gass, living on section 28, Ray township, was born Augnust 8, 1844, in Macomb county and was reared here by his uncle Nelson (lass upon a. farii. in the township where he yet resides. N(o event of sipecial imIlortanice ()ceurred to vary the routine of farm life for him ii his youth. Ie attentded the commi( schools, and when not eng'a~ged withl his text-books worked in the fields. lle is la'rgely a self-educated as well as ai self-made man aint his force of character, laudable amtIlitioli and untiriing energy have been salient features in winning him success. At the time (of the Civil war, his lpatriotic spirit being aroused at the contillued attempts of the south to overthrow the TInioin, Ile enlisted ill 1864 as a member of Company B, Thirtieth Michigan Infantry, beinig at that timec about tweinty years of age. lie was not called froni the state, however, and at the close of the war, in June, 1865, was hoinorablly discharged. IMr. (ass remained wvith his uncle until his death, which Iccurred in 1869. lIe was married iii this countyv, ill 1868, to Mliss Sarah J. Glass, a daug-lter of Jlohnl Gass, also an early settler of the counitry. Following his ina rria~'e he eng'aged ii cultivating the G(:ass farm for two years and then located where lie iowxv resides, beiinninllg the further developmentt and improvemlent of this tract of land. lIe niow owns one hundred and twelty acres, conistituting a valuabhle farun well equipped with imodern conveniences and accessories. lie has erected a good residence and also built outbuildings, has planted an orchard aid lias inmade other improvemeneits which indicate that his ideas are iii keeping with the pro(gressive spirit of the times. Fariiing' and stock-raising claim his attention and he is also interested inl dairying. Realizing that labor is the basis of all pros 134 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOYMB COUNTY perity, he has been persistent in his work and his reliability and energy are pronounced. Unto MIr. and Mrs. Gass have been born three children: Nelson Ml. of Detroit, who is engaged in the undertaking business and is also a musician of considerable talent, being now pipe-organist in the Baptist chulrch; Truman H., who is a student in the University, pursuing a four years' course in the literary department and a two years' course in law; and Harold J., a young mlan at home. Politically Mr. (ass is a stanch republican, who was elected and served as township treasurer for two years and has also been justice of the peace. Ilis aspirations, however, are not in the line of office-holding, for he prefers to give his undivided attention to business affairs or to the interests of his home and church. lie and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at I)avis and he is inow serving on its official board and is also one of the board of trustees of the Simpson Park Camp Meeting Association. Iis life is well rounded, having the varied interests that contribute to a physical, mental and moral well-being. lie has always been a resident of Ray township, and the fact that milany of his warmest friends are those who have known him from boyhood indicates that his career has been straightforward and honorable. AILBERT YATES, M. D. Dr. Albert Yates is one of the prominent members of the lmedical profession in Macomb county, having successfully followed this calling at Washington for thirty years, or throughout the period of his residence in this place. tie was born in Lincolnshire, England, September 13, 1842, and his father, Richard Yates, was also a native of that county, where he was reared and educated. He was married there to Miss Caroline Nicholson, also a native of England, and in order to provide for his family he followed mechanical pursuits, being largely engaged in carpentering throughout his active business career. The favorable reports which he heard concerning America led him to seek a home in the new world in 1849. He went direct to Ontario, Canada, where he made a permanent location and although he owned a farm there he also engaged in contracting and building, being closely ass;ociated with the substantial improvements of the locality. He spent his last years there and at length passed away in Ontario. Like the other members of his father's family Dr. Yates was reared in Ontario and acquired good educational advantages there. In 1871 he went to Detroit, where he pursued a course of lectures in the Detroit Medical College. He then returned to Canada and entered upon the practice of medicine with his old preceptor, who had directed his studies and reading ere he entered college. In the year 1872 he again became a student in the Detroit Medical College and following his seeond course of lectures was graduated with the class of 1873. When he had received his diploma he again went to Canada, locating in Bismarck, where he was actively engaged in practice for about three years. Since 1875, however, he has lived in the village of Washington and has continuously resided in his present home. He has a neat office and it is well equipped with many of the most modern appliances known to medical and surgical practice. IHere he has built up a good business, having the confidence of the people of the village and surrounding country. Ile is a lmember of the Macomb county Medical Society, the Northeast Medical Association, the Michigan State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, and through the affinity of thought and experience there keeps abreast with the profession in the progress that it makes toward perfection. He also reads the new medical works and journals and practices along modern, scientific lines, continually promoting his efficiency through study and information. Dr. Yates was married in Kent county, Canada, larch 9, 1864, to Miss Margaret Eastman, who was reared and educated in that country. She died in Washington, May 5, 1878, leaving; four children: Dr. Henry Wellington Yates, a physician of Detroit; Minnie, the wife of Charles I). Ilartley, a farmer of Macomb county; Albert E., the cashier of Blodgett, Merritt & Company of New York city; and Mlary 3., the wife of Frank W. Springstein, of Detroit. Dr. Yates was again married in Michigan, July 23, 1879, his second union being with Miss Clara B. Davis, who was reared and educated in Macomb county and is a daughter of Milo Davis, one of the early settlers of this state. There are also four children by this union: Richard L., a mechanical engineer, of Dayton, Ohio; Nancy B., of Detroit; Maud E. and Helen A., at home. Dr. Yates joined the Masonic fraternity in Canada, but afterward demitted. IHe takes an active interest in local politics and since be ALBER'T YATES, M. D. PAST AND PRESENT OF:MACOMB COUNTY I37 cominig aiI Amerlicant citizen lhas supported the republical pilarty and its plrilncilles. lie has by re-election filled the office of justice of the peace for over twenty years, a(d ba)i:;es his decisio0s poI,(nl the equity and tile law of the case, Ihis ca pabilitv inl office b)eiil, indicated by his own litigation therein. Ills )rofessional skill is widely acknowledged and his fellow practitiloners ' ive evidlence of their faith il his ab)ilitvy b oftenll calli1 hiiii into consultation. Thus his life has plroved of great good to his felloweiill and bIoth professionally aI d( socially he ranks higlh. EIMORY ). DA VIS. EIiiorvy 1'. ID)a vis, s1pelrittendlellt of tile IMount d(lemeiis G( as (1onpainly wnas hboor iII Franklini, Johlsoll (colulity, lIndiata, Iully 12, 1874. his p1aternal gratidfathe., Joll L. Davis. w8s a 111me11chant at Bl)111 mitlgtol. I11 -diana, aild still follow! s coinner'eiall lplrsits although lie has reancied tihe 8a(dvalce(I nge of eighty years. Tile a clestry of tlis bIalnleli of the )Davis fami ili cVal Ilie t 8acl 1ed Ia.ck to New Engiad( iiad 1 at a Iliore!ei mohte period( to Wales. IlI the family of Jonll L. )Davis are five childreil: M\aI' ga'ret, the widow of G(eorge A. Slocui, of Terre aiute, 111(1ina: James L.; Sheria, 11who is on1e of thile 1r)ofesors in the Inldiana State tliversitv (. i, who follows Ilerehandisillg in Bloolaiigtoli, ildian1: and Emna. who is also livitg in Bloomtinltoit. James IL. D)avis, wlho, was 1b)0 il tihe IIoosier state, was rearedI to the occul)atioll of llerchan(disig atld tlhrough many years hias carriedl 011 bi)si iiess alonll tliat lilte inl Firnlklin, In(iialna. Hie Illarried Al iss )Dora IPeters. who died ill 189f)5., t the age (of forty-six years. Iliet father, Blertia rdian i Peters, was a cabinetniiaker of Fraikliti, Ildiana., a1d live(d to the atlvanllced(l age of eiohty-eigl'ht yenrs, passiig away Septemiber 12, 1904. Ilis wvife. who bore the imaiden natime oif Matilda Wells. lived to the a'ge of eighty-tllhree yea rs. The g'ra(ndfather was 1)promitieit a1id inlftetlltial ill Alasoilic eirecles nild lias serve(l as elillnelt commlilander ill the Klifght Templlal'r com()Ian(dcry. IHI is life was so iiallily anid l his ants so kindly and sincere that he won the uinqualified regard of all wlho knew hill 811(a1 died without an8 enenlyiv. llto Mi. 11(1to Mis. s. eters were bor11n six chii(l1reti lPrestotl, ow)\ deceased(l l)ora, \lwho became iMrs. )Davis- Katherine, the wife of Wiley Ackmlan of Wiildfall, Itdiaia; Mattie, of Franklin, Indiana. Lulu, the wife of ThIo:mas lIRoberts of (ak landing, Indiana; and Annie, wlio is also livixng in Franklin. The Peters family was (n01e of tlhe pioneer famiilies of Jefferson counlty, Kentuckly. Emory P. i)avis put)rsied his ed(ucatioll in the public schools of Franklin, Indianm, adt was graduated froiii the higih school with the class of 1890. lie entered t)usiles( life at that place a nd a fter the conisoli(laitioll of the water, light and power companiies he became iiiana geir of the new compatniv in 1S92. IIe held that position for six years, xwhei lie was appointedl sIuperititelidtent of the Mlount n(t. Clens (Gas ((1o)lP)8any, which positioii he Ihas siicec filled. Fewv places the size o(f Mouit (liemelns have as well equippl)e(1 gas pIlan.ts. i 11(1(er the guidance of Mr. l)avis the ibusiiess has beeni largely increasel, the output beilng iliomre than two hundred lper cent what it was wheii 1ie took charge, ani(d it incr'eased sixty-sevell per cent in the year 1894. Mr. Davis is very )ro'gressive and( eliterprisinlg in the managemieniit of his buisiness interests a1nd( the pilait is iiow sulppilied( with all iiiotleri alpplialices, while (a liberal patronlage is ei.joyed ly the membil)erCs of the comilpany. Di. l)avis ihas had offers of other l)positions elsewhere, but prefers his present location for social aiuld other reasons. Fraternally, IMr. )Davis is comnected with MIount Clemens lodge No. 168, K. P., was chosen chancellor commalia(ler in 1904 and was re-elected the Ipresenlt year. Ile is al(so a illember of Mount Clemens Lodge No. 6, A. F. & A. AI., and the Odd Fellows lodge at Franklin. lIe is president of the Republic Club at Mount (lemens, an honor which was unsoug'ht by him, but to which lie was calledc by his fellow townsl-en, who recognize his ability and his devotioii to the cause of his party. His own untiring efforts have brought him success and business prominence. On the 12th of June, 1896, occurred the marriage of Mr. Davis and 5Miss Alice 5Musselman, a daughter of John K. MIusselman of Johnson county, Indiana, who filled the position of sheriff there. MIr. and Mrs. Davis have one child, Roscoe V., born June 7, 1902. LESLIE L. MILLAR. rThe farming and stock-raisiing interests of ilaconilb county find a worthy representative in Leslie L. Millar, living on section 13, Washington township, where he is engaged in general agricultural pursuits and in the breeding of shorthorn cattle and Berkshire hogs. Ilec is al-ho worthy of representation in this volume I38 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY because of his long residence in the state, covering a period of seventy years. lie was born in Strongville, Ohio, September 15, 1835. His father, Wilson W. Millar, whose birth occurred in Erie county, New York, in 1804, was a son of William Millar, a -native of Scotland. Later, having become a resident of the new world, he served his adopted country as a soldier of the war of 1812 and afterward resided for a number of years in the state of New York. Wilson W. Millar was reared in Erie county and when a young man went to Ohio, where he met and married Mrs. Betsy Ann Collis, nee Cooper, who at that time was a widow. Mr. Millar followed merchandising and also owned and operated a farm near Strongville, not far from the city of Cleveland. It was in that locality that the subject of this review was born. In the same year, however, the father removed with his family to Michigan, settling in Ray township, Macomrb county, where he purchased a tract of land of sixty acres. Later he bought an additional tract of eighty acres, on which he erected good buildings and raised his family. There he spent his last years, passing away about 1850. His wife survived him for a number of years and they were numbered among the worthy pioneer people of the locality. Leslie I. Millar is one of a family of three sons and one daughter, all of whom reached years of nmaturity. One brother, Apollis II. Millar, was a soldier of the Rebellion, serving as band lmaster. lie died at his holme in 1865 as the result of disease contracted in the army. One sister, Victoria E., becamne the wife of Williaml Bellows and died in Ray township, in 1895. Eugene W. Millar is a farmer of Ray township, and with the exception of Leslie L. Millar is the only survivor of the family. Leslie L. Millar spent his boyhood days in Ray township, where he enjoyed the educational advantages afforded by the public schools. Hle left home when a young man of sixteen years to learn the carpenter's trade, and followed that pursuit prior to the Civil war. In August, 1862, responding to the country's call for aid, he joined the Fourth Michigan Cavalry as a musician of the regimental band and was assigned to Company B. During the last two years of his service he was leader of the band. He went south with the army of the Cumberland and remained at the front until the close of hostilities, when he was honorably discharged, in July, 1865. After his discharge he returned home, located in Lenox, Michigan, and there engaged in contracting and building, assistingi mlaterially in this way in the improvement of Richmond and of Lenlox. A great many of the buildings in those towns and at New Haven stand as monuments to his skill and enterprise. In April, 1879, lie removed to the fmarmi whereon he now resides and continued its imiprovemlient in connection with building op>erations until 1890. Hle erected for himself a good hoime and barn and has developed ai valuable farm. planting fruit trees anid( adding all imodern accessories. The farml w'as old land run dowmn when it camle into his p)os'ession, b}t by cultivation and the use of fertilizers he has made his land rich and productive and no bettel farm land can be found in this part of the state than is owned by Mr. Millar. In his business operations he has prospered and at the same time he has been a very useful citizen, assisting largely in the imrprovement of this section of Michigan. Mr. Millar was married in Ray township. in 1855, to Miss Adaline Hlazelton, a sister of Thaddeus Hazelton, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work. Mrs. Millar died in 1861, leaving three children, of lwhoml two are living: Theron W., who is a mIleehanie now engaged in contracting and building in Detroit; and Allison R., a contractor ald builder of West Bay City, Michigan. One son, Ralph C., was engaged in coopering and died at the age of thirty-five years, lea ving a wife. In 1866 Leslie L. Millar was again illarried ill Ray township, his second union being with Vandalia E. Risk, who was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and is a daughter of Louis Risk, a native of Germany and one of the first settlers of St. Louis, where he owned and operated several steamboats on the Mississippi river. In 1849 he went to California anid seven times imade trips to that state. Fromll St. Louis he removed to Cape (lirardeau, Missouri. lIe was married in the forlmer place to Miss Lizzie Connell, a native of Elnglaind, and later he removed with his family to London, Canada, where the family remained while he traveled and looked after his business interests in California. He is supposed to have been massacred by the Indians while on one of his trips to the west. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Millar has been blessed with five children who are yet living: Apollis T., a resident of Nemaha county, Nebraska; Auburn, a contractor and builder; Minnie, who is conducting a dressmaking establishment in Detroit; Arthur R., who occupies a business position in Detroit; and PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY J39 Thomas C., who is filling a positioi in AMinneapolis. They also lost two children: Elizabeth A., who died at the age of twenty-one years; and Louis L., who died at the age of twenty-five years. Politically IMr. Millar has been a life-long' democrat, supporting James Buchanan for president in 1856, while his last presidential vote was cast for Judge Parker of New York. lie has served for four years as justice of the peace, but otherwise has neither held nor desired public office. He belonogs to the A1asonic lodge at Romeo, and Malcomb chapter, and has filled a number of positions iln both org;anizatimons.. Mr. illar may well be numblered allmo:ng the pioneer residents of Michigan, havinoi lived in Macomlb county for seventy years, during which timll e he has seen it transformled from (a w ilderness and swamp into a riclh airicullturall district in the midst of which aCre atlso1 r thirivili towns and cities with their mlanufacturing ald industrial interlests. At all tilmes he has beenl equally concernled il th Ie -l)lic we\lfare and progress and has done his full share as a citizen in )''romloting the ll)bltilding] anl1( dlevelopment of this l)orltioii of tlle state. \VILLIAM J. DUSSE. William J. Dusse, one of the younger miembers of the bar of Maeomb county, whose yemaIs, however, seem to prove no obstacle to his ready a(dvancelment and success, is now serving as assistant prosecutitng attorney and is also cie rit court commissioner. He makes his home inl lolunt Clemens and is a native of Waldenburg, Macombl colunty, born March 18, 1875, his parents being John aln Wilhelmina (Wolf) Dusse, both of whonm are ncatives of Germany. The paternal grandfather, Jacob Dusse, who always remained a resident of (lermany, although he spent a year in visiting in Macomb county, Michigan, served on the staff of King William and died at the age of seventy years. John Dusse remained a resident of the fatherland until 1852 when, thinking that he might have better business opportunities in the new world, lie canme to America and took up his abode in Macomnb county, Michigan, where for llmany years he followed the occupation of f 1arming, but is now livinog retired. lie was mnarried, in Macomib township, to Mliss Wilhelinina Wolf, a daughter of Jacob Wolf, who came from Germany to this county and here spent his last ten years, following the occupation of farm ing. Ile died at the age of sixty-nine. Mr. and Mrs. John Dusse are now living in Mount Clemens. They are the parents of four children: William J.; Augusta, the wife of George Pollock of Detroit; Wilhelmina, who is living in Mount Clemens; and Ernestina of Detroit. William J. Dusse, at the usual age, entered the public schools and continued his studies here until he had completed his more specifically literary education by graduation from the high school with the class of 1896. In tle fall of the same year he began preparation for his profession, being enrolled as a student in the law department of the State University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, where he was graduated in the class of 1899. Ile next entered the l)etroit (ollege of Law, in which he completed a post-graduate course in the spring of 1900, after which lie began practice iln c()nnectio(: with Franz C. Kufin. writh whomn he continued for two year, when lihe formted a pairtilershil) with Silas B. Spier, this association being maintaiiied cuntil Januariy 1, 1905, \when lie was ai)pointed assistant plroseculting attorney under Allen W. Kent, for a term of two yeiars. He was appointed circlit court commissi0onerll by Governor Bliss in 1903, and( in the fall of 1904 was elected to tlhe offic e, wlic he is n(owx r servillg. In, his political views Mr. I )usse is a stalwart rel l)blicaln, active ill tlhe work of the partty acnd dloing all in his lpower to promote its ilpbuildiiig0 and I oI( gri-es. F raternally. he is eonimeeted( w titll the Knigihts of the Maceabees and the W\oodn:)en of the World and in the latter lie lhas filled v1arious offices in the local odge. lie is ai active worker and faitlhful me-ml)er of the (:lernian Evangelical Zion church11, is treaslurerl of the Sunday school, secretarv of thle choir and treasurer of the Youiin People's Society. lie is a young man1 of stnroig purpo, ~~~~~~~~~Ak mes 1). I). 1)UNHAMI IMRS. 1). I). I)UNHAM MR. ANI) IRS. HIRAMl HATHAWAY PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY'5 I57 tura ini usiults anmd stock-raisin o upon a tract of land wxhuch hie purchiascd almost a third of Ia ce-_ntury ago. U~nto him and his wife have been b)orn seven children: Gussie, John W., Edwxardc Charles, Cathecrine Georgia and Jfaies i, ll liv ingg in M~aeomlb county. John W. LIrwin was ediie ted in the public schools, 1eiiig (graduated fr om the highi school of Mount Clemens in 1892 Ilie afterward entered the LUniverisity of Milchiw an completing a course iii the civil eni-ineering departnient, w ithte cliss of 1896. Ilc xxas imnployed the same yca iii 1ir I ( ost liion aiid in p)1attiiig a-nd in 1897 1lie, wxas aplpoiiited city eno0n11leer of iAhount (lemnaus bv A. T. lDonaldson, wNho w~Nas then in lo01 Ilec has bceii ap11)01ntedl under each suce essive ad(liniinstration xvAhether the chief exc utive of the city has b)een a reptiblic an oi clemiocrat. The brick pavejilent of thec (ity wxas laid during- his first yea โ€”r in office andl he wa s also in charge of the see ystem by v irtue of his position of city enl-WNee. Ilie also est iblishied the grades of the city, imakInc- them iiniforni. lie laid out the only bi hiy sewer In Mfount Clemiens, desigi 1mg,~ platting, an11d looking, after the work. T]his scewerc is one -and a half mtiiles in length,and wx as c onpleted at a cost of fifty thousand 'chillaus. In his poclitical affiliation M:r. Irwiii is a cli mocrt.i His thoroughb and coinpreliensIve ti a-1i~nng as well. as his practical experience well cqimps him for the office which hie is now Mr. Iwlii s a vlued anid popular i-neniber of the Benievolent,and Protective Order of Elks, thje Knighits of Columbus and the Mount (lciaens' Clulb, and of the last nanied lie is a (IlIreeto r. le has gained the friendIship of mn by reason cof hsgeminal spirit, kindl niatutre and( dleference for the ol)inion01s cof others. IHENRY J. BERZ. hI enry J. -Berz, ai farmer of Sterllino towvnsliip aiic the treasutrer of the Wa~rrreni Creamery Comipany, wais borii in G"Ierimany, Mlay 7, i8151,,and, is a son of G'1eorgeB.1. and Elizabeth (Sch'wfneider) lBerz. The parents were lborii in Ilesse Darnastcadt, ('4'ermniau, both (-IIi the 16th of October," 18111, were confirmedI on the same cly, were educated in the sa me school aiid were imarried oii their tweiity-fifth birthday, xviiiic on the seventy-fifth ainniversary they celebrated their goldeii wedding. The father dlied in October, 1893, at the age of eigyhtytxvo years and. his remains. were interred in Warren cceiieterv. Thme miother survived until. 1904, passing away when mniiety-twc) years of age. Iii early inaimhood the father began teaching- and followed that profession for twenty-five years in onle school in Germiaiiy. Ile camie to America, iii 1824, settling at Rochiester, Nexv York, wvhere he reniaiiiedl for six m~ouths and themi camii to Michigaii. here lie ptilrclicasetl one lumlnclrcI aiid forty acres of land which lie owned at the t~imie of his death. I'le possessed considerable niusical talenct,and xvNas, an inistructor in piano music after cominimm to this state Ilie also superintendedi his fariiinig Operations amid developed a grood homne p~rcperty. In the family were seven childrenm, four cof whom camie with their parents to America. Three of the ruimber airc yet living,0. Those wxho crossed the Atlantic to the new world are as follows: Eliza, who became the wi'fe of Edward Schuster, of Warren township, and died leavimig five sons who survive hier; Georgye P., who has aluvays followed farmn11m ad liives oii section 28, is niarrieci and had e(ight children of whioiii six are living; Kate is the wife cof George Berz, postm-taster of oiie of the dlivisions of the Chicago postolfice. Ile was al-so coroner fcor two termis iii Chicag~o. 13y a former marriage lie had two somis,and one is, ecoiinty undertaker aimd all are prcominent in political circles in that city. lleiry J. Berz, the yotingest mtemnber of his fcather 's famnily, is indebted tc the public schiotils for the edlucatioimal privileocs lie enjoyeI. Ilie wa s only three years of age when lbronglit bx his purcuts to the new wvcrlci and he has alwmay s livedc upon the old hiomie farm, haig docla one huindredi acres of rich land on section 32 Sterlingr towniship. He has imade inany niiprovenients upon his place, erectingt a liolse intl giood barnis,and added all modern equinpmlents such as facilitate the fiarnii w~ork,anid render the place of greater value. Ile has also dealt in real estate. has owned ecmnsideal property iii ount Clemeiis and nowA- omwns p ropmerty iii Detroit, iiicluding two dwelling houses which lie rents. Iii connectioii with his- general farmiing operations he has, been a stockholder,amid treasurer of the Wcarren creamery since its establishmmeiit in 1901'. In 1888 Mr. Berz was iniarried to Miss Louise May, a daughter of Hermnan and Cathannie (Metzger) May. Her father was born in S,~axony and lien mother was also a. native of G-erm-iany, in mvhich comitry the father learned the trade of a saddler and harnessniaker. Tie likewise became an upholsterer. lie wvas borni in 1811 and his wife in 1833 and I58 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOYMB COUNTY in 1848 she came to America. Becoming a resident of MAichigan at an early day Mr. Mlay made his home in I)etroit and was a passenger on the first iAlichigan. Central railroad train that ran out of that city. Ile also aeted as surveyor of the Lake Superior region of upper M, ichigan and was a material factor in the development and improvement of the state. In 1858 he married M\iss Metzger and they becamle the parents of eleven children of whom. nine are living: Lena, the eldest, is the wife of Joseph Bell, a. farmier living iii St. Clair, Mlichigan, anld they had six children of whom four survive. Dora is the wife of George Erh of Detroit, state agent for the McCormillickT Harvester Works, and their only child is deceased. Charles, a contractor living in St. Clair, Michigan, had a famiiily of five children, having lost one. Clara is the wife of Ernest Blodel, a carlpet salesmanl of Detroit, and they have three childreii. Mrs. Berz is the fifth of the family. George, a glazier of Ietroit, is married. and hias two children. hlerman, who is single, is a ranch owner of Mlontana. Theodore, a ranhimmna of MIontana, is mtarried and ha's one child. losi. is the wx ife of Greorge Eckrstein, a lesid(eut of Alount Clemens and the sheriff of M lacomb countv. Thev have one~ child. itTutO Mr. and Alm iierz irive been horn f oi r children: Cathar ine Elizabeth, who was born Decemlber 29, 1889 M9 larinal 1av, born February 14, 1897; Milton le(-nryx January 10. 1902: and Mahr~yret, iiie c nbei 4, 190)4. Thel( two elder childi en ace ittem-l(iI1o school. Mr. Bcrz belongs to the (Irainic 'it Warren of which his wife is ilso a minmbe r. In politics he has allwavs bcen a re publicain. They are peopole of sterling wxorth, hIld ini high esteeni aind they enjoy th(e (mofidei.ie amud friendship of many with whoia they have beeni associated. Ei)GAi J. SALISBURY. Edgar J. Salisbury, a real estate, loan and insurance agent at Mount Clenicn's, is a man of munch natural talent, of strong, i nlividuality, of good intellectual force and keen discriiaination, and in the varied relatiois of life in which he has been found he has comiimanded the respect and good wvill of his fellow townsmen. lie was born in Theresa, Jefferson county, New York, March 26, 1844. and cones of English ancestry, the family having been founded in Amterica two hund~red and fifty years ago. Hlis parents were Joshua and Rachel (Carpenter) Salisbury, both miatives of the E umpire state. The father wN!as a f-armier by occupation and died at the age of fortyseven-years, wvhile his wife passed away at the age of sixty-five years. In their famnily ivere foui children: P'ercival, who died in dianiumapolis, Indiana, ii 1898, at the age of fifty-eight years; Charlotte, the wife of Williaii Dl,) of North Branch, L-japeer coumity, Michigan; Edgar J.; annd Mary, the wife of Wilibam Clopduad, also of North Brianch, Edgai IfJ Sailisbury, of this review, caine to Mllichigan fifty three years ago when the state was Iar-elv wild and un iuiproved. I-Ic pursued hlis educaitioni in the plublic schools of Lapeer couiity aad (after putting" aside his text-books lie, was employed in various vays, largely follmoxvini farmingl and iuiibering, howvever. Up to one quarter of a, century ago his operations were eonfiuied to Lapeer county. lile then caie to MAlount Clemiens as nianager for the Singer Sewinm' Mfahine Company, filling that position from 1881 until- 1887, being emlployed by the comiipany as district imaiiager. while a large inimber of men served under hilm. Iii the latter year lie turaned his attentioni to tIme real estate and insurance business in Mouimit Cleniens and has since continued In this lille with comistautlyv grlowing success. le was a prim)e Mover iii layving off the Rilex and Ileubir- aiddition. Ile handled the IlubIbard estate,, conmprisiiig tivo hundred aiid fifty lots wvhich hie sold and lie has also greatly imr1 -pl-roved inua iiv other pieces of Iproperty. ile IS flow condueting a large recal estahte -fire insurance and loan business, also mnakes colleetiois and has a. good clientage in each departiiient of his business, Ile has conducted many important realty transfers,, and through his efforts ini this (irection has contribluted in no small deo'ree to the improvement of the city. Mlr. Sal,1isbury was elected police judge in 1886, on the deiimoerati tick-et, and on the expiration of his first term of four years he was re-elected so thlat he continued to fill the office until 1895. lie is a main of natural talent, eapable of organizing and p)romioting new ventures and whatever he undertakes he carries forward to success. This samelrl executive force andi business discernment have iiade himn a valued representative of a. iiumber of fraternual organizations. lie belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellovs and the Knights. of the MAaccahees, ant he organized tme local Woodmen caimip, closing the charter with seventytwo ienibers. Ile was the principal officer for two years. lie wavs also (istrict deputy of the Odd 0 Fellows Society of Michigan for one term PAST AND PRESENT O'F MIACOIMB COUNTY I59 and six times has been representative from the local lodge to the grand lodge. In Mount Clemens he assisted in the organization of the MIaccabees Tent in 1886, closing the charter with twenty-two imembers. lie acted as comInander for the tent for eight years, was representative ill the grand camp for eight years and was one of a comnittee of three to try a case against Valley City Tent No. 496, in 1905. After hearing the evidence in the case and the arguments )pro and con, Mr. Salisbury Imade a lminority report, which was adopted by the grand calmp of the IModern Knights of the Maccabees. Ile was chairman of the committee on new lllsin ess and reconmmended to the grand camp the admission of ladies to an auxiliarv organization. This lmeasure was adopted unamnimously. \Mr. Salisbury was nmarriedl, October 9, 1873, to Miss Louise IIosner, a dalughter of Jacob IIowner, of Rolmeo, Michigan. They have one child, Frances, who is now the wife of Charles R. Withe, of Port uIron, who is engaged in the governinent mail service. Few men are mo(re proninenl t or widely known in the enterprising city of Alount Clemens than Mr. Salislbu)r. IIe has been an iilmportant factor in lbusiness circles iand his poplllarity is well deserved, as in him a're emll)racedt the characteristics of an un1bendin- integ'rity, unalbatiii energy and industry that never flags. le is public spirited and thorouglhly iltelreisted in whatever tends to promiote the 110oral, intellectual and material welfare of Mount CleIens. FRANK W. PREUISSEL. Frank W. Preussel, who is connlected with )usiiness interests iln Mount Clemens as a manufacturer of acetylene gas generators and a shipper of Panacea water, was bornm in Chesterfield township, Macomb county, August 8, 1869, a son of Jamtes and Sophia (Trost) Preussel, who were natives of (Gerlmany and became early residents- of this county. I e attended the listrict schools of his native townshipl) until he reached the age of twelve years, wbhe lie became a student in the (German Lutheraii school at New Baltimore, ad(l while there \was c()fiiirmed. lie al so att(eded the highl school lat New Baltillore and wals gra(ldulated with the class of 1886. The followinmg year was spel)t il D)etroit Business College, ()f which he is Ca g1radluate of the class of 1887 and lie entered ll business life as a clerk in the Wayne county poorhouse under James (1illisl-ie, poormaster. After filling that position for two years he resigned in Iecember, 1888, and became bookkeeper for Robert Posner in a hardware business in Mount Clemeins. A few months later he began business for himself in partnership with Ml. M. Smith, openiing a hardware store on Front street in a buildilng erected by Captain Williaml DuLac. They conducted the store under the firmr name of Smith & Preussel, the junior lmemlber remainingi in the firm until after his election to the office of register of deeds. IIe then sold his hardware business to Glover & Ferrin and engaged in the manufactllre of acetylene gas generators, in which busiress he is still interested. IIe also originated the business conducted under the name of the I'anacea Sprinl's at the corner of Crocker avenue and Second street, utilizing the medicinal waters there. iis place was opened June 4, 1903, Mr. Preussel erecting a building for;he benrefit of patrons. This is a large spacious hall, surrolunlded by broad porches and the stranger visiting Mount Clemens can here stay and drilnk the curing waters, ac commnodations being sufficient for five hundred people. There is a park in the rear of the place with a show tent and other attractions. The water is pure drinking mineral water with health restoringr ingredients and its use is recoimmilendecd by all physicianls. An important branch of the busiiness is the shipping of the water, thousands of gallons beiln shipped anmnally to New York city and all parts of the lUnited States. In fact this is one of the le.ading' waters sold on the market and it is all that its nameP'anacea- implies. IMr. Preussel figures promlinently in political circles in Alount Clemiens.. While engag'ed ill the hardware business in 1894 he was elected alderman of the third ward, the first republlican candidate ever choseni from that ward. Ie ( contilnued a lmember of the council until elected register of deeds on the republicani ticket Iln 18915 by a majority of ten hunm dred and sixty-eight, when the usual demiocratic Ilmajoriity of the county is about one thousand. lie was re-elected in 1895 by a majoritvr of niearly one thousand votes and his flattering in a jorities are certainly indicative of a Ipersonal popularity and also show the trust and confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. Mr. Preussel is an earnest worker in republican ranks and his efforts have been effective and far-reaching. Fraternally lie is connected with the Knights of Pythias and with the Loyal Guards. Mr. Preussel was married October 9, 1895. to Miss Mary McIntosh, a daughter of William i6o PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOIB COUNTY an(d Aary (Douglass) McIntosh, of Detroit, Michigan, who were natives of Scotland and in 1855 becamie residents of Canada, whence they removed to New York city in 1866. In 1869 they located at Niagara Falls and afterward went to St. Catharines, Ontario, and later settled in Detroit, Michigan, where their remaining days were passed, Mr. McIntosh departing this life in 1888 and his wife in 1900. Ile was a lmechanic by trade. In their family were seven children, those living bleing: Annie, the wife of liawrence (. Cross, of the firm of Cross Brothers, of Detroit; Henry, of Mount Clemens; Elizabeth, the wife of Frederick Christie, paying teller in the Collmmercial National Bank of Detroit; William DI., who is compositor in the Journal office, in i)etroit: and Mrs. Mary Preussel. Those deceased are: John, Charles and Peter lMcIntosh. Mr. and MIrs. Preussel have a wide and favorable acquaintance in Miount Clemens and he is one of the most enterprising citizens here, where for mlany years he has been engaged in business. IHe has taken an active part in the maintenance of the commercial activity of the city and in furtherinlg the interests of republicanisim, and success in coinnercial affairs has come to him as a legitimate result of well applied energy, unflaggina determination and persistent purpose. JAMES N. EWELL. James N. Ewell, who follows farming in Shelby township, was born November 20, 1832, in this township, his parents being Philander and Lydia A. (Wells) Ewell. Of their family five are yet living, the daughters being Mrs. AIalvina Bronson, who lives in Stony Creek, Oakland county, Michigan, and has five children; MIrs,. Mary A. Ward, a widow, whose husband( was a farmer of lonia county and who had two sons and a dlaughter, but the latter is deceased; Mrs. Sarah Krolick, who is a, widow, living in Detroit, and has five children; and Mrs. Viola Cruttenden, who is a widow, living in Seattle, Washington, and has two sons, while her daughter is deceased. James N. Ewell pursued his education in the district schools and in 1855, when about twenty-three years of age, he began farming on his own account on the tract of land which he now owns and operates. Iere he has resided continuously, with the exception of a brief period of five years spent in Utica and Rochester. lie owns in the home place o(te hundred and ninety-five acres, and he has elsewhere eighty-four acres, so that his landed possessions I(now aggregate two hundred and eighty acres, which is worth fifty dollars per acre. All is well improved and the splendid condition of the farm is largely attributable to the efforts of Mr. Ewell, who is practical and progressive in all his work. On the 15th of April, 1855, Mr. Ewell was married to Miss Elsie A. Cannon, who was born in Saratoga( county, New York, and is of Scotch descent. Five children have l)een born of this marriage: Lydia M., born July 27, 1856, died October 7, 1873. Herbert P., born June 23, 1862, was educated in the State University at Ann Arbor, where he pursued a course in chemistry and medicine. HIe was a practicing physician at Rochester until 1905. He is now interested in a new process gold-separating machine, his own invention, which is pronounced a( great suceess. Ie married and has one son, J. MIac. Ada M1A., born August 31, 1865, is at home. (George N., born September 26, 1871, is married amnd has a daulghter, Elsie A. Cannon. Frankie, born August 9, 1876, died on the 9th of December of the salme year. Mr. Ewell is a delmocrat in his political affiliations and has served as road conmmissioner. Ile is a l niversailist in religious faith, and to the samne church his wife belonged. She died, howevert, March 3, 1894, and her loss was deeply regretted by many friends, for she possessed excellent traits of heart and mind. Mr. Ewell has led an active and enerogetic life and has done his full share for the improvement and upbuilding of the county. lte was one of the two mnie who built the brick schoolhouse in his distriet. Hle has watched the county develop from a wilderness and has had many experiences which are -unknown to the young men of to-clay. Ile helped to clear the land on his father's farmn and assisted in the arduous task of placing the fields under cultivation. Now he has a valuable home property and in his agricultural pursuits is meeting with well-mnerited success. JOHIN I[. SPALLER. John MI. Spaller, who follows farming on section 17, Chesterfield township, was born, November 7, 1881, in Macoimb county, his parents being Fred and Mary (Matthews) Spaller. The father was born in Prussia, JAMES N. EWELL. PHILANDER EWELL a fl PAST AND PRESENT OF IfACOMB COUNTY 165 (;ermany, ()etober 31, 1844, aid there followed( farlllill. When1 of ale he was drafted into the 1ar1iy as a IMe111b)er of the First Kingl's (Trelnaclier RItlegilnl, and wias in active service in tlhe Franco-PIlrussian war, Prince Frederick (arl e in' colilimand(er-in-ehief. lie took part inl the battle of (ravelotte and the siege of Metz, where hie w1as ill tle trenches for eighty days. Ie was also at C ampI)enzer and il the latter p)art of the war was in the divisionl uln:er coltmlland of Crown Prince Fredcrick. IIe fou)ght in the battles of Delay ald P'ontlierl on the Switzerlandl boundary, ldriving thel Frenlch army into the mlountains whlere they were kep)t uiitil the close of the war. After five years' military service Mr. Spaller was discharged allnd not longr afterNwarld camle to the T n1ited States, settling in 1872 iln Detroit, lMichigan, where he worked as a carpenter in the central car shops until 1883. when he purchasedl the (Cdworth farm oni the ratiot road in Clhesterfield townlship. There he at once begal: makinl improvemlents, for the farm was in poor condition, but after much har(d work hle wrouglht a splendid transformation. Ile has blilt barns and fenlces. has done m11ueh tiling and lmoved the house from the south farm to its present location, Iand to-lday his property is attractive in apleairalnce and o'ives evid(lece of his careful supervisiom.. Frederick SIpaller was mlarried in Detroit. ini 187:3, to Miss Rliga Rose, a (daughter of Johnl Rose, of Bulfalo, and they have one son, Williani, who is Malarried and lives in Chicag)o, beinll a iliachinist w ithl tle Chiicalto & NorthNwesterll Rail:liro ( 1Comp)ra. 'l'The ife aid mother (lied in 1875 a1n(1 Ar. SIpaller was martied in 1877 to MIiss \Iary Slatthews s, a daughter' of Christ an(d Julia IMatthews, of Iount Clemens. 3B this m11arriage theire were fou children, but Jolhn A., the third, is the only ole livingl. Paul an(l llm() (died in Detroit, in infancy, and Mabel (ied on the home farim, at the age of lnine years. John Al. Spaller was e(lueated in the public schools until twelve years of age, after lwhich he spent two years as a, student in the (German Lutheran school and later two years in the Miles Business College at D)etroit, from which he was graduated ill June, 1899. le then returned homne anid lb(ean farmling with his father and to this xwork has since devoted his energies. IIe mariried Miss Mary Feuerhack, a daughter of Fred and Johanna Feuerhack of St. (lair county. Miichigan, who were natives of Germany and camne to the United States in 1882, at which time they purchased a farnl onI Church road in St. Clair county. Mrs. Spaller is their fourth child and the only one livigll in a family of ten. HIer father died i ()October, 1887, and her mother removed to Maco(ilb county in 1902, she and her brother now living on a farml in Chesterfield township. Mr. and MArs. Spaller are a well known young coup)le who enjoy the esteem and good will of IIlany friends. CHAIIRtIES C. BRADILEY. (1harles C. Bradley is a representative of one of the old famlilies of New Enigland, the original American ancestors of Captain Bradlev having come from England in 1634, settliing in Connecticut. Representatives of the inaine served in the Revolutionary war. Ethan Allen Bradley, xgrandfather of our subject, becam(ie a resident of Vermont. Collins Bradley, the father, was born in the Green Mountain state and caime to Michigan in 1840, settling in Detroit. Ile was at one time secretarv for William H. Seward and at an early (Iay he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he (enlgaed in business as a member of the firml of P. hIaydenl & Company. Ile afterward sold olit and removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he wxIas engraged in the wholesale saddlery b)usiess. IIe mlarried Juliet E. White, whlo was educated in Auburn, New York. Ilis death occurred at the advanced age of ei ghtv-t hree y ea rs. Charles C. Bradl'ey wxas born in Detroit, Novetlbler 21, 1840, and pI)rsumed his education in the )public and high schools of Romeo, Michig'an, and was afterVward( elngaged in teaching in the vicinlity of iRotlieo for six years. tle then went to Kanisas City, Missouri, iwhere he engalge( ill the manufacture of cioars, but in 1870 returnedl to Role(o), where he continued in the same line of business as a member of the firil of II. W. Bradley & Brother, this relation being( iiiaintained until the fall of 1902. AIr. Bra(dley was elected on the republican ticket to the office of county clerk, with a nmajority of one hundred and ninety-six, and that he discharged the duties of the position in a Illanner highly satisfactory to the general public is indicated b)y the fact that he was reelected with a majority of thirteen hundred anld seventy-six. Previous to this time he had becomlie an active factor in local political circles, having filled various positions in Romleo, where he was president of the village for seven terms, a nlember of the council for two terms, clerk of the village for two terms, i66 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOAMB COUINTY president of the board of education for nineteen years and treasurer for both the village and township. In August, 1870, in Detroit, Michigan, Mr. Bradley was married to Miss Sarah A. Thompson, a daughter of William Thompson, of Toledo, Ohio. She was born in England and by her lmarriage has become the mother of three children: Sadie, the wife of Bernard L. Chubb, of Romtleo; Fralnk, who is engaged in the lumber business, in Benrtley, 5Michigan; and Charles C., a resident of Mount Clemens. Mr. Bradley is a melnb)er of the Knights of Pythias fraternity, of the Ancient Order of United WorlkMern, the Royal Arcanum and the Miaccabees. I e is a, representative of our best type of Amierican lanhood and chivalry. By persever ance, determiniation andl honorablle effort he hais over'throwni the obstacles which barred his path to success and reached the goal of l)rosperity, while his genuine worth, b)road 1mind and public spitit have mnade hinl a director of p)ublic thought and action. AMOS 0. CRISSMAN. Allmong the retired farllers who are pleasantly located in comnfortable hoies in Romeo is Amios (. Crissllnan, who since 1830 has lived in M acomb county. Ile is to-day one of its miiost velleratble citizens, having reached the age of eighty-seven years, and now in the eveiing of life he can look back over the past without regret, for his career has been characterized by activity in busilness and honor in all his relations with his fellowmeni. Ile was born in Warren county, New Jersey, October 8, 1818, a son of Benijalini and MaIry Crissman andi a brother of MI. II. (risslan, whose sketch is given elsewhere in this work. The famnily came to Michiglan in 1830 and the father purchased land to which he afterward added from time to time until his possessions aggreoated six lundred and forty acres. He made a good farmt and continued to reside thereon until his death, which occurreld in 1861, while his wife passed away in 1855. Amos 0. Crissmlan was about twelve years of age when he came to Michigan. All around was an unbroken wilderness, few settlements having been made within the borders of this county, while the cities which are now prosperous and enterprising were then mere hamlets or had not yet sprung into existence. Amos 0. Crissman assisted in the work of the home farm, where he lived until twenty-eight years of age, annually taking part in the labor necessary for the cultivation of the fields. He then left home and was married in 1846 to Miss Abigail Pittinger, a native of New Jersey, in which state she was reared. The following spriniig Mr. Crissman located on his own farm, which at that time comprised eighty-seven acres. The little home was a log cabin, but afterward he built a good frame residence anid for eighteen years he continued to improve and develop that place. lie miade a specialty of the raisinlg of wheat and annually harvested excellent crops, the fields yielding from thirty to forty lbushels per acre. Iater lhe traded that place for a larger farm of onie hilndred and twenty actres w-hich was well illmproved. rTlis was also excellent wheat land and he continued ls i a a ctive farimer until 1863, whel hI( sold his place and removed to the town. HIere he began buying, implroving lad dealing in towel property and also loalli:ng 1money. lie ownIs a good business house on lain street and has other property in Ro:tioeo. lie conlnllenced life at the bottomi round of the ladder but has steadily climbed up)\ward a nd hlis ftrugality, diligence atnd persistencyl of purpose have been the salient features in his succelt;. lie hlas thus accllmnulated a very colnlfortable colmpetence and is classed with tihe substantial residenlts of Ma 1cor b cou niity. lMr. Crissllanm lost his wife, Novelmber '21 1900. lle has two daughters โ€” Mary Francles, the wife of Fred A. Foster, of (Glaldwin, Michigani; antd Addile., the w ife of Allen C. Whitlllan of omeol. 'I'llere alre few mIen to lay who) can claiml to have given allegiance to William IlIenvry Inarrisoln, when in the canmpaign of 1840 he headed the whig ticket and the rallying cry "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" was heard throughout the land. Mr. CrissImaln, however, voted for the hero of Tippecanoe lantd continued a supporter of whig candidates aanid principles until the organization of the neww replublican party. Ite then espoused its cause and supported John C. Fremont, since which time he has given his allegiance to the candidate of the party at the head of the ticket. IHe believes in good schools and coimp)etent teachers and while serving on the school board has labored effectively for the promotion of the cause of educatioln here. Political honors, however, have had no attraction for him. lie is a nmember of the Baptist church and during his life in Macomb county, covering three-quarters of a century, his career has been in harmony with his principles and religious faith. In business his prosperity has been secured through honora PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I67 ble effort and uponI) this founidation he has builded his success. He is now eighty-seven years of age and is still a well preserved man. Ile has been on the side of progress and inI)rovemenlt and while he has prosp)ered he has gained what is more desirable than successa-111 ultalrished iame. BEILA R1. I)AVIS. Bela 1R. I)avis, oie of tle substantial farmers( of l ty t\owlshilp, 1who owns and operates linlety-two ac(re ( of well illproved land, was bIorn ill ( enesee c()unty, New York, July 24, 1829. IIis fatler, the RIev.,Joathlan E. Davis, a native of ilubblar)dtownll I1assachulsetts, was l)orn Febirual ry 1, 1788, and his father was Bela l)Davis anld his grandfather, Eleaser Davis, both natives o(f IMassachusetts. The I)avis famlily is of Elllishl lineagre and was (stiablished iln tMasachllsetts at an early period in tile coloinizatio(l of the niew world. Bela I)avis remo(ve(l fromll the Bay state to Verllonlt, whiiere the Rev. Jonathan E. Davis was reared, 1and later he wenit to the Empire state. The latter was a self-edllcated( and self-lma(le:lman lbut greatly improvlI ed hi; o())lportunlities and gained lmuch broad general iaformation as well as a substaItial coimpetence throug'h his activity in business. Ile b)ecalme a1 pioneer teacher of IAaco(mb colilty and was also a iiinllister of the MIethodist Ep)iscopal church. He wCas martried inl New Y\ork to 5Miss Hannah Curtis, the weddcing beini' celebrated in Middleburl', that state. Tlavilng lost his first wife hle was larried Juime 29, 1828, to Sarah Davis, a native of Covinglton, New York. and a widow of Marshall )Davis, a Ibrother of Rev. Jonathan E. Davis. IHer father was Stephen Heath. Jonatlian I)avis also followed faril ing in New York aind all his children of the first marriage were born there. Bela R., of this review, was born of the second miarriagile. In 1843 Jonathan E. I)avis remloved to Macoimb county, Mlichigan, locating (Il section 832, Ray townshilp, where he entered eighty acres of land, entirely w'ild and unliprlloved. lHe cut the first stick of tilmber on that place and cleared and cultivated his land, transforming it into a.good farm with the aid of his sons. Ile xwals also the founder of the village, and to this place gave tile name of Brooklyn, but later the namle was changed to Davis in his honor. As timie passed he became the owner of more land, becoming the owner of one hundred and forty acres on whichl he placed good buildings. HIe erected a frame house in 1843, this being the second frame building in the toxwnship of Ray. While carrying on his farn interests he also continued his work in the ministry, being a pioneer preacher of the Methodist church here and the main factor in erecting the first church in Davis, in the year 1846. I:e preached his last sermion when ninety years of age, at the Davis Methodist Episcopal church, and all of his children uwere present on that occasion. ITe exerted a wide influence in the lmoral development of the co(llmllllitv and his ellmlory will remain as a blessed lbenediction to all whlo knIew him. The world is certainly better for his having lived and MIacombl) co)untVy was i)articularly blessed by his efforts aind assistance. I e died December 24, 1882, at the ripe old age of nearlly ninetx-five years. lie served here as justice of the peace for twenty years and his decisions w'ere aliways strictly fair and inpartial. IIe was a charter Ilemtber of the Davis iIasonlic lodoe, served as ilaster for a number of years Can(d was its first secretary. Ilis na Ctime is 11ow inscrib)ed hi'igh on thle roll of pionieer resicdents. Ilis second wife died Septellber 29, 1863. Bela 1R. I)avis x'was a lad of thirteen years w\hen he camle w\-ith his parents to I[acomb con;.ity. le was reared iuponl the old homlestead farim here and acquired his education in the district school w hich lie attended throuoIll the xwinter mionths, 'whl nile in the suimmier seasonis hie assisted in reclaillmin' the wild land for atriculturall purposes and in carrying( on the wolrk of the ftarm until it became a very p)lrolluctive property. IIe remsaineld with his father unltil txwenty-one yetaris of agoe and in 1.852 hle made a trip to California, traveling i)y way\v of the Panama route. There he went into the illines, searching for oold for three years, antd imet with the varied experiences incident to (liininl at that day. Ite was sometiimes very successful and again met with failure b)ut altogetler he brought uith him from the nlmines a fair share of the precious metal. lie returned to his home bvy way of the same route in 1856, and upon reaching Macoimb county hie took charge of the old home farm. Later he divided a portion of this into town lots 'which he sold, the district becoming' annexed to Davis. For years he followed farminl' here and his enterprising and progressive mlethods.were resultant factors in winning his prosperity. In the spring of 1852 Mr. Davis was married to Miss Iarriet Gass, who was born in M\Iacoinb county and is a daughter of Duncan (Gass, one of the pioneers who came froim the i68 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Empire state. They began their domestic life upon the home farm where they lived until 1871, when lMr. Davis rented his land and removed to Evart. IHe was one of the promoters and organizers of that village. Ile cleared a tract of land there on which he built a good hotel, conducting it for a year. T'he following year, however, he returned to his home and family and once more took charge of the farml. Five children were born unlto AIr. and Mrs. Davis: Milo W. Davis, who is cashier of the Citizens Bank of Mount Clemlens; Fred G., who is a merchant at Washington, this county; Hattie E., the wife of Ward M. Davis, who has charge of her father's farm; Bela S. and Ella B., both deceased. In his political views Mr. Davis has been a republican since the organization of the party, casting his vote for each presidential nominee since John C. Fremont was the standard bearer of the party in 1856. lie was elected and served as justice of the peace for five consecutive terms, or twenty years, and made a splendid record in that office. Ile not only tried many cases in which his decisions were fair and impartial but he also married many couples. Ele was cetiius enumerator for the town of Ray in 1880 and he also served on the board of review. IIe was only twenty-one years of age when he was elected constable and he filled that position for six consecutive years. Ile was also the first postlnaster at Davis, being instrulmental in acquiring the establishment of the office at this point. tie has been a delegate to county and state conventions and his political record, like his private life, is above reproach. IMr. and Mrs. Davis hold membership in the lMethodist Episcopal church in which he has long served. as an official acting as steward and classleader. EIe joined the church in 1865 and has since been most true and loyal to its teachings. On the 5th of August, 1862, he enlisted for service in the Uinion army at Pontiac, Michigan, joining Company B, of the Twenty-second Michigaan Volunteer Infantry. Tie was drunm mnajor and thusn served until discharged from disability at Lexington, Kentucky, in December, 1863. He is also a member of the Grange. His name is enrolled among the pioneer settlers of Macomlb county who have contributed in large and substantial measure to its upbuilding and progress. IHe is one of the few remaining settlers who have witnessed its development through more than a half century. His life record will bear closest investigation and scrutiny and is worthy of emu lation because it has ever been characterized by unfalterino allegiance to high, manly principles. OTIS W. COTTON. Otis W,. Cotton, who is one of the pioneer settlers of Macomb county, and well deserves mention in this volume, was born in Vermtont, in October, 1806, and was descended from John Cotton, a Puritan minister, who was born at Derby, England, December 4, 1585, and emligrated to Boston, ALassachusetts, in 1633, becoming one of the first preachers of the Massachusetts colony. With his parents Otis W. Cotton removed to Niagara county, New York, in 1808. His mother died soon afterward and in 1818 he went with his father to New Orleans, Louisiana, where the latter's death occurred, after which Otis W. Cotton returned to the relatives in New York. In 1828, accompanied by his brother, A. L. Cotton, he removed to Novi, Oakland county, MAichigan, where they arranged to cut timber for a settler, preparatory to clearing the land, and wNere thus engraged until the succeeding fall, when Mr. Cotton returned to his old homlle in New York. The year 1831 witnessed his arrival in AIacoimb county, and being an expert with the ax, he again engaged in cutting timber. In 1832 he contracted with E. S. Sibley, agent for the United States goverinment, to clear, grade and. comlplete the eleventh onehalf mile of the Fort (ratiot turnplike north of Mount Clemens. In 1832, or the early part of 1833, he purchased the southwest fractional quarter of section 20, (1hesterfield township, containing one hundred and twenty-eight acres of land, and soon afterward he started with a surveying party for Wisconsin, passing through Chicago. It was the only trading post in which provisions could be had and the supply was so limited at that point that the trader could not furnish enough to last eight men on a five days' journey to Wisconsin. So much trouble was occasioned by the Indians that Mr. Cotton returned to MAichigan, believing that he preferred the work of developiing a new farm in Macomlb county rather than facing the dangers and difficulties with the surveying party. In August, 18-33, occurred the marriage of Mr. Cotton and Miss Martha Fairchild, a daughter of Jonathan and Ruth Fairchild. MR. AND MRS. O. W. COTTON PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY tIer father was descended in the maternal line fromt Benjamin Htowell, who emigrated front Wales ill the year 1650. It was in 1.799 that Jonathan Fairchild was married. The year following hie and his wi~fe removed to wh'lat was then ealled the Clenesee country., iii the state of New York. Their "journe~y was a formidable one and was made WIt oe.M.Firchild died 'in 1813, leaving his wife with the care of seven children, all of whoia reached adult ag)e. In the vealr 1832 Mlrs. Fairchild came from the state of New York to Mlacoiub connty, Milchig-an, accom panie snStephen. tier soil,John hakd preceded theni the previous year and had seleeted the tract of land which she ipnrchased fromt the United States governmen-t, comprisingf eighty acres of section 19 in the township of Chesterfield, now ow~ne( by George H1. Nichols. Ile h~as perpetuated the name of the original owner by calling his station on1 the Riapid Railway, Fairchild, anrd g-iving the scame name to his, farm. Airs. Fairchild was a nativet of New Jersey, born inl 1779. 11cr father, Jacob 1ha 11, was a1 minuteman of the Rev olutionary war, one who was not sub'ect to mimhtarv (lity Imy reason of agge bult wias radv to respon(1 to hIls counlltryv's call at a minu11,te's warmano( inl case of anl invasion or emlergency. Thel( familv home was near MAoiristow n and J. F. Cotton, who is represented elsewihere iii this work, and whlo is a son of Otis, Cotton, often heard from Aifrs. Fairchild's lipf the storys of the execution of Mfajor Andre, A. hich was witnessed by her mothwr 's sister, who narrated the,same to her. 'HIe wAas a very p~rettv:mn. aid AMiss Moore, the auint o;f Airs. Fairchild, ' 'and hle smiled and bowed so politely to the sp~ectators.-' r wo lbrothers of Airs. F~airchild. fell in the war of 1812, andil one lbrother, Joseph Hall, afterward of Rochester, Ne,(W York, was the inventor of the frst hreshng m chi'ne. Mlrs. Faircliilli's first hoMe1 inl Mfacomb counlty was built of h](ewn log.s anid conltained1 two groodsized1 roomis, with an ii ttic chlamber ablove, anid wa,-i Often umsedi as a place for holding chiurch sei-vices wh-eim the circuit prea cherwould isi the, neighborhood. It stoodi only a few rods south of where now standls the Chesterfield (reainmerv. Th Ieople there. though~t it but a pfleas"ant evenlino 's wal1k, thronuh the woods to the Atwood schoolhouse to attend })reachint', services. _Airs. Pa irehild died Iin 1859, one, of the brave pio0 -neer womnie of the county. 11cr son Stephen remaine111d oni the old homestead until his death in 1889. 11cr daughter Alartha, who became the wife of Otis W. Cotton, taught the first school in the new settlement in 1833. At the time of the miarriage of Otis WV. Cottoni and Mlarthia Fairchild he began iii earnes~t thie work of recalaiming his tract of landi for the purposes of civilization. The log house was erected in Februiary followInlg an'ld tile work of laying, in the year's su)ppiy of sitga~r commenced. Ilec borrowed his mother-in-law 's, kettle aind boiled the sugar water at night, returning the kettle to her early in the morning that she imight use it through the day. It was a hiard struggle to kceep their family clothed and fed until the great growth. of timber colild be cut '1nm1d lite soil made productive. Alisfortunes that would niow seem. tr-ifling, then seemed to thiem very heaxvy owing to their limited financial. circumstances. It was a. great loss when a cowl (lied andl at~ one time(1 wolves lr)rke into thelir shieepfold at the siole of the house and destroyed the flock. T1his too, pro-(ve(il a serious loss, for the family deipended upo)0i thme wool. for clothinig) and bed(ding,. -Alr, and Airs (Cottoll became the parcuts of nine childreoti of whom two died in early childhood IThose who rea~cled adult age wee Lonisa: C. the wife of MAartin IhaNdeni Mlartha, the wxife of Bemmija iin Al. LouICks; Leand(er A. Owen W.; 'Jay F.; Enmeline A.., tile wife of S. N. Roberts; and1 Belen E., the wife of John Furton. All of the sons served in the army ill tile war of tile Rebellion. Leande elisted1 ill Coumpa ny F, T~weimty-secon(1 Mi\chiga ii nfantry, ill A-ugs,1862, and xx as discharg-ed as sergeant in 1865. Oweien(imsted Hin 1861. wvas proimoted to sergailnt in 'S~eptember, 1861, to seconid 1ieutenaiit September 12, 1862, and fir-st lieiltemlant October 21, 1862. Ile wva s woun1ded and disabled for active service at Chanmc~ellorsville, May r~3, 1863. Hle was afterWard commissioned first lieutenant lby Presidenit Limicoln in A~lareb, 1864, and did (luty fin the provost, guatmd until after the surretid~er of the Confederate troops, when lie was assigmned to duty at IHilton Ilead, South Carolinat-, where hie remained ilntil Ala rch. 1867, wheni he resig'ned and went to Nebrasktm, where he has since resided. As tme, years passed Otis NV. Cotton coiltinucol his farminig operations. One by one the coimditiomis of l)11(iomlee life gave way tc, the cvi deuces of an advanrced civilization and he kept Iin touch with modern methods ol' farming. At length prosperity came to hlju 172 172 ~PAST AND PRESENT- OF MACOMB COUNTY and lie enj'oyed a~ eomfortable competence as a reward of his earnest labor. lie died in the year 1884, while his wife lpassed away in 1887 and thus two mlore of the pioneer settlers were added to the g-reat list of the honrored dead. RE )BEN C. t>TL_ iII Though no lanrd Is rieher in1 oppmittuiitwes or otters greater advantages to its. citizenus than America, sueeess is not to lbe ohtained throughl desire, but imust be persistentlv sought. In Ameriea ''labor is k6ing and tlu mian who resolutely sets to workc to aecomphish a purpose is eertain of success if he has but the qutallities of perseverenee, untiring energy and praetical eommnon sense. Reubenr C. Ul~lrieh is one whose eareer exeites the admiration and gains the respeet of all, for through his diliPence and persistent purpose he hias, won a leading place in Mount Clemens. Ilie was born in Mount Clemlenls, January 11, 1863, his lparenits being- Char-les and Mlarg~aret S. (Miller) I~lih Is euaion was acquired in the graded and high schools here and in Mloyhew Business Colleg,,e, which he attendedf in 1879. Ilie then enteAred the employ of V. lillsendeg),en, of tDetroit, with whomn he remained for two years, after- whieh lie went to Tfoledo, Ohio. wviere hie entered the wholesale hardware house of C. OCerber. A yvear later, however, hie returned home, his father~ having died, and hie here entered business life as a, meniber of the firm of tTllrich, Kuidi & Company, proprietors of a, general- store. l~e sold out a year and a half later and in 1887 purchased the hardware store of C. M. Stevens, at No. 15 -North (Jiratiot avenue alid No. 22 North Walnut street. It is a double store which at that tunl-e waV-s eloigty feet in length, but Mr. Ullrich has enrlarged this until it is now one, hundred and eighity feet. Ile has also extended the scope of his labors by adding a plumbing and heating department. This is the oldest established bumsiness of the kind in Mount Clemens, ha~ving been begun i~n 1850, and the store was the first lpressed brick front in the county. The trade is now extensive and M\r. Ullrich carries a large and well selected line of shelf and heavy hardware. His success has comle to him because anything needed may be found in his store and at the samne time his business mlethods are straightforward and reliable and hIls prices reasonable. lie also figures iin business circles III 1Molant C lema ens In othe i w'ays' leinlo the Vice p~resident of th( U lhItcl Slv'(, a nU lqk-. On the 130th ot September, 1884 \hr tllrichi was niarried to Mi11ss Lmien A. dauohlter of Jiacob and iAhoy lioesselI of Buffalo, New~ York, anid their eluldri. (Ii i-( Chai l s R., Russell W., Christine and Frw anis 6. They, also lost a (llgie un x odied in infancye. -Mr. UI I I ric is aI lIcader iii counnuni111ty afi rs, in Mount C lemiens and was elected aiid] servedi as al1deriman at large for tw~o terms. lie wNas also choseni for two terms as m-ayor of MXounit Clemens. has Ibeei president of the (1Cham1ber, of Coinmieree for onle vear andula tmeittler of the boa-rd of educaition for- Julie( yea rs. lie takes great pridie in the public) school system, here and- has (lone much to raise its standard and p( omote time efficienc~y of the schools. Frateit nlH lie is aI Ma'son andI is also connetetd ixvitli the Knighats of pythias and the Woodinen of the World. lUe has contributed in substantiaul measure to the improvemtent of Mlount Cleiucns by the erectioni of ai number of fine business blocks lucre. Ile started out upon his business career with few advantages but developed his Ilatetut talenits and strengthened his energies by exercise until he became a successful busine ss nian.. lnii maner- lie is free fronm osteutation,sand display niund his intrinsic w'Nor-th is recogyn ized,andi his f riendshipl atost pirie by those who know himi best, sh~owing( that hIs oh nae"Iter will bear the scrutinyl of closest mmmvestc'ttion. Ilie is a geiierous, broad uminded taitn an-d a, tvpiiial American citizenl. ISA AC C RAWFOIID. Nature scents, to have intemided that man should enjoy a C5iio of rest iihis later years. Ini youth Ie(- possesses retviggor, hope, iidi am~bition, which In the prmnfl of itianhood is guiidled and establish(ed by Juudigmtent a(I experience so thtt hIs efforts tma-y become iesultarit factors iii a buslin(ss ( a1reer. In I ttr years when Ouie '5 aeitix ity soitewha1"It dtim-in1 ishies it is well if fornt(r 1hthorctud eniergy haxe brought. capital suffilennt thait onle utay enjox a well earned r-est, surrouindeod hy thme coitforts,and convenie n(es that go) to mtake life worth the livino' Suc i has been the history of M1,r. Crawford, wxho for years w~as a lproniinicnt muanufacturer,and business man of Rlomeo, where hie is nI-ow living retiredl. Tlie has imadel his home in MNiehiioan since 1840 and In Macomb comity since 1850. Ilie wa~s borii ili Warren county, N w Jersey, January 5, 1833. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I73 Ilis father, Elijah Crawford, a native of the sale coiunty, was borl ill 1812 and Awas a son of Isaac Crawford, who was of Scotchl lineage. The ftailiy was founded ill New Jersey at a very carly period in the cloloization of the nlew world ad d Isaa C(raw ford also served as a sol(diel in the wari of 1812. Elijl a Crawford was rleatred to Imanlo(od iln WaTrren colnlty and was ther e ilallied to Nanlcy (allaway, who \was borIn in 1810 and whose piarents were natives of PeIlsvylvania. lie learned andl followed the b)lacksIlithi's trade, laiking it lis life work. Inl 1840 he came to MIichigan, hoping that in the nlew aindc growilng west he might more readily ac qire a comlpetelnce. Ie settledi ill Oakland conty near the MIacomb county line and there established a shop and carried on bulsiness for a numlber of years. IHe afterward( relnoved to Romleo, where he spent his last years, his death occurring here in 1863. HIis wife survived hi'm until 1866. Isaac C(rawford, of this review, was seventeen years of agoe when hle left Oaklani county. I e had learned the blacksmlith's trade with his father and he was reared under the paternal roof, enjoying the educational adlvantages that were also furnished to the other members of the falmily. Ile was one of four children, but only two reached mature years, his brother bleing' T. R. CrCawford of Rolmeo. Isaac Crawford was a young manl of seventeen years when in 1850( he beceaie a reisildent of Romeo anid began work for the firlm of Snover & Bellows, sbeing in their emlploy for several years and eventually becoming a partner in the business-. T'hey carried on a blacksmith an(l repair shop and foundrly business alnd also engaoled in the manufactlure of wagons. He, therefore, continued wxitl the firm for eight o(r Iine years and then withdrew and establisled a shop of his own wher e he en(aaged in blacksmithing, wagon-1making and repairing. For four years lie devoted his energoies to that work,and then in August, 1862, he put aside all business andl personal considerations, prompted by a spirit of patriotismn which caused himl to become a lmember of Company A, Fifth 5Michigan Cavalry. lie becamle blacksmith for the regimlent, and during the last two years of his service was relimental farrier. IIe served in the army of the Potolnac with (General Custer's brigade and continued at the front until the close of the war. IHe was never absent from his cominand except on onle occasion when he received a fourteen idays' furlough which he spent at home in settlinog up his father's business. He took part iln lllany illportant engagenments andi was honorably dischargced at the close of the war in Leavenw orth, Kansas, in June, 1865. When the countrly 1no lon11er nee(ded his services Mr. Crawford again caime to MIichigan aindl here entered into partnership with Timothy iLyon inl the colduclt of a similar line o(f business which had for lmerly claimedl his attention. IIe Nwas thus enga(ged for five years when lie sold out and )boouht a farm of one hundred and sixty acres in the tow\nship of Bruce. Talking up his abode thereon he began its further (leveloplment and improvemllent and lie later houlht iliore landll d and ow ow'ns a valualble fharml of two huindreld acres. IIe addied to it and renliodelted the residelce, built a good barni and other substan.tial outlbildinigs an( continued his farmling operations for hbout ten years. lie then rented the property and removed to Ronmeo. itere le h has built a very goood residence and one brick business block and thus has contributed in substantial neasure to the iimprovement of the town. MIr. Crawford was married in MaIcoImb county, in Novelmber, 1854, to Miss Rachel Barber, who was born in Oaklanc county, Michigan, alld is a daulghter of Calvin alnd B3etsy (Kniffin) Balrber. HIer father was one of the early settlers of that county, who went froll Conlecticut to that locality. There was one son )by this union, Ellmer E. Crawford, who grew to m'anhood, was married here and died at the aoe of thirty-three years, being survived hI his wife and one soni, Arthur AI. Crcawford, iwho was born in February, 1886, and resides with his mother. In 1856 Isaac Crawford cast his first presidential ballot, supporting John C. Fremlont, and he has since advocated republican principles where national issues are involved but at local electionls he votes indepencently of party ties. When on the farml he served as highway commissioner for a numbler of years and in Romneo he has been a lnember of the Union school board. TIe was one of the promoters of the electric light systeml and served as chairman of the electric light commnission. Whatever tends to advance the general welfare here and contribute to the material improvement of the city receives his endorsemIent. lie became a memlber of Romneo lodge, A. F. & A. M-., in 1857, filled all of its chairs, was its master for twenty years and served as a delegate to the grand lodge and also as district deputy grand master. I-le also belongs to Romeo chapter, R. A. M., and to the Knight Templar comimandery, served as high priest in the formler and eminent commander in the I74 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY latter. His sympathies are fully in accord with the teachings and tenets of Masonry and in his life he has exemplified the spirit of brotherly helpfulness and mutual kindliness which form the basic elements of the order. lie has long been a useful citizen, interested in material, soial, moral, intellectual and political progress here. Whatever tends to advancement elicits his attention and usually receives his hearty co-operation. IIe is a man of tried integrity and worth and the circle of his friends is almost co-extensive with the circle of his acquaintances. JOHIN R. SNOOK. John R. Snook is a prominent representative of the productive industries of Mount Clemlens, being engaged in the manufacture of staves and cooperage. He was born in this city, December 9, 1864, and is a son of Thomas WV. and Harriet J. (Rice) Snook, the former a native of New York and the latter of Connecticut. His father was one of the valued residents of this part of the state. Ie was distinctively a man of affairs, active and enterprising in business, andl he wielded a wide influence. lie was born in New York city, April 10, 1822, and was of English parentage. lie was brought to AMichigan by his parents in 1836 and embarked in m erchalndising in MAIount Clemens in 1849. In 1866 he began the manufacture of staves, which business had been established in 1861 by Bruno Van Landeogham and Rudolph Sleiger. Mr. Snook became a partner in 1866 and the factory was removed to its present location. HIe was for a time in partnership with MIyron White anld with (eorge Robinson, tr. White continuing in the business until 1872. In later years the firm name of T. W. Snook & Son was assumed, John R. Snook, of this review, being admitted to a partnership. The business gradually developed until it reached extensive and important proportions. Before embarking in the cooperage business Mr. Snook was encgaged in the manufacture of lumber and salt in Mount Clemens. Ilis efforts contributed in substantial measure to the advancement of the colmmercial prosperity of this part of the state,. Ie was a man of keen discrimination in business affairs, brookinpg no obstacles that could be overcome by determined effort, and as the years advanced he met with well merited prosperity. lIe was one of those in terested in the digging of the first mineral well, being associated in this work with Charles Mosher and others of a stock company who were prospecting for oil. Later he and Walter Bush, of Troy, New York, boulght out the interests of the others and began the manufacture of salt in connection with their lumber mill, the water being rich in saline qualities. While thus engaged Dorr Kellogg got permission to use the water for medical bathing purposes and Dr. Taylor erected a bathhouse, this being the first of the mineral batihing in Mount Clemens. He continued in the cooperage business up to the time of his death and as his financial resources increased he held valuable real estate interests, mnaking judicious investment in property. IHe also built and operated a number of vessels. Ile had in the course of his career met with financial reverses, caused by fire, shipwreck and hard times, that would have utterly disheartened a man of less courageous and determined spirit, but he persevered and his efforts ultimately triumphed over all obstacles. IHe was also active and influential in commun-tity affairs and in an early day lie served as president of the village of Mount Clemnens. Ite was associated with nine others in establishilng the Clinton Grove cemetery. His co-operation was sought for the advancenlent of every movement that tended to benefit his community and his labors were far-reaching and beneficial. He was a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic fraternities and for thirty years was an active and influential worker in the Presbyterian church, while in later years he was identified with the Episcopal church. Thomnas W. Snook was twice married. His first wife, who bore the mIaiden name of Emily A. Ilubbard, died in 1859. and two years later he rnarried Harriet J. Rice, who was born in Connecticut in 1822. Iis death occurred in 1901, when he was seventy-nine years of age, and he is still survived by his wife, who is the only representative of this branch of the Rice flanily in Mount (lemens. I.r. Snook, ole of the oldest business mnen and highly respected citizens of Aolunt Cletriens, passed away.amid the deep regret of a very larre circle of friends. In his long a11n useful career lie witnessed almlost the entire growth of this city and his name was ever assoeiat(ed with!public progress, with enterprises of general benefit, aind stood as a synornymi of courageous purpose. While lhe advanlced in years he was still young in spirit, his miind remaining keenly alert, and THOMAS WV. SNOOK PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I77 the failure of his physical strength was all that indicated in him the passing of time. Unto Thomas W. and Emily A. (Hubbard) Snook were born four children: William A., a resident of Minneapolis, Miinnesota; Alice Mi., the widow of rI)1.. C. Kelly; Emnily A., the deceased wife of Samuel Crocker; and Edgar T., of 1)etroit. The children of the second marriag"e are Charles C., who is living in Racine, Wisconsin, and John R., of this review. Miss Jennie A.!(riswold, a:nl adopted daigllhter, is nowx living with Mrs. Sniook. Jolhn R. Snook pu)lrsuie(l his educ(ation in Mount (lemens until he hadt compfleted tile high school course by grad(liation with the class of 1883. lie afterward atteniied the Detrioit Bryant & Stratton (Coiciner(cial Collegoe from which hlie was graduated in 1884. lIe thei entered upoll)n his )business career, securin ' a situation in I)etroit as lbookkeeper with the firl of ELaphaiii & Throop, acting in that capacity for three years. lie then returned to Iounmt (lemens and becanme bookkeepler for his father. In 1894 he was adinitted( to a )partnership ind(ler the firm name of T. W. Snook & Sonii and( the old name has since ibeen retained. lie built the steam hbar'ge Atlantis, and at the same tinie continued the ma nufacture of staves and coopera 'ge. the oultpult ineeting, a constantly growing tra(le. The plant is well equipped with the latest iln)roved machlinery and the volMure of bulsiness now annually transacted relresentlt s a large investment and brills an excellent financial retui'. The business hias had a colntinuous existence since 1866 andl Mr. Snook, o(f this review, is toc-day the last reepresenlta tive of tilhe family connectedl with the indullstrial and( conmmercial interests of Mount Clemens. O() the 16th of December, 1891, occurred the miarriagoe of John Rl. Snook and M[iss Kate Farrai r a daoughter of Colonel J. S. Farrar, of Mount Clemens. They are prominent socially, and both are members of Grace Episcopal church, iin which SMr. Snook ias served as vestryinan for some time,. Politieallv1 he is a repul)blican and socially has been connected witlh Mount Clemens lodge. No. 6, A. F. & A. Af. Hle is also an old time minember of the volunteer fire department of M(ount Clemens. Although he entered upon a business already established, lihe has through his own exertions attained ain honorable position and a ma rked prestige amon g representative mnen of Mlacomb county. He has proved himself in all the relations of life an earnest, honest, upright man and a citizen of whom any community might be justly proud. ISAAC WILLIAMS. Lying along the bank of the Clinton river in Clinton township is the farm owned by Isaac Williamns, a tract of land of one hundred and sixteen acres, which in its highly cultivated and well improved condition indicates the ca reful supervision of a practical, enterprising' aniid c ospIerous owner. Ile is 1moreover entitled to representation in this volumie as one of the early settlers of Macomnb county, for he arrived iln Mounit Clemens in 1853 -(more thaii a half century ago. Ile was born in 'russia, (lerm'any, January 20, 1844, and is a soin (f John Williams, who was a native of the samne counltry and served in the Prussian Army for three years, holdinog rank as an officer. lIe married 1Miss Mena Dittmnan, a (laughter of (Captain Dittlanl, who was also a soldier of the Piruissian Aimy. iand was womided in service. Ile afterward drew a p)cnsion ill ree(ogition of the 1ai1d xwhich hie had rendered to his country and he (lied in the Soldiers' Home. John Williams ennig'rated to the mnew world in 1853, coimingm at once to Miaeoinb county, Michigan. lie located on the Clinton river near where his son Isaac now resides. Later he bouoht land on tile river road which lie improved and developed into an excellent farmn. The Indians were still seen in this county in large numlbers alnd there was every evidencle of frontier life. The homes of the settlers were largely log cabins, 1l)it few roads had been made and the now th1riving towns and cities were iiere hamulets or villages or had not yet sprung into existeice. Mr. Williams carried on general farming' and rear'ed his famnily in Mlacomub county and here hlie reniained until his death, which occurred about 1892, his wife surviving him for a few years. Isaac Willianms was a lad of nine years when, with his parents, he crossed the broad Atlantic to the new world and became a reside:nt of \lacomnb county. In early life lie befan earning his own living by working' by the nonth as a farm hand and for nine years lie was in the employ of one man-a fact which indicates his capable service and his fidelity to duty. On the 27th of February, 1865, lie enlisted in the 7Union Army, joining' the First Michigan Calvary with which lie went to Virginia and served until the close I78 PAST AND PRESENT- OF MACOMB COUNTY of the war. When hostilities were over he proceeded with his command to Washington, D. C., and participated in the grand review -the most celebrated military pageant ever seen on the western hemisphere. Later he was sent to Parkersburg, West Virginia, and afterward proceeded by boat to Louisville and to St. Louis. Later the command was ordered to Fort Leavenworth and afterward went across the plains to Fort Halleck, starting on the 8th of July, 1865. Subsequently they returned to Fort Leavenworth where Mr. Williams and his comrades were honorably discharged. tIe had to pay one dollar for his discharge papers and also had to meet the expense of his return home. He arrived again in Macomb county in December, 1865, having done his full duty as a soldier. The following year Mr. Williams began workin on his farm, having sixteen acres of land. HIe afterward bought a tract of twentyfive acres adjoining and built thereon a barn. lie there carried oil general agricultural pursuits for several years, after which he sold that property and bought fifty acres of land on the county line on which he took up his residence, i aking it his home for eight years. After selling that property he invested his capital il one hunrdred and eight acres of land, borderinlg the Clinton river, and upon this place he has since lived. lie has erected a large, neat, two-story frame residence and has other modern equipments on his place. There are two windmlills upon the farm, one beingi' used in drawing water fromn the well. while the other is used for the operation of the feed mill. Everything about the place is thoroughly modern and progressive. There is a good orchard, which yields its fruits in season, and the place has been divided into fields of convenient size by well kept fences. This farm forms one pf the important features of the landscape and its pleasant appearance is enhanced by the stream of water which flows through it. Mr. Williams was married in this county, April 10, 1866, to Miss Frederica Prell, a native of Prussia, born in the same village in which her husband's birth occurred. When a child she was brought across the Atlantic to New York by her father, Frederick Prell, who in 1865 removed to Michigan, settling in Macomb county. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have become the parents of six children: Walter W., a resident farmer of Clinton township; Albert, a mail agent on a rural route of Mount Clemens; John, at home; Elizabeth, the wife of William Davis, of Battle Creek, Michigan; Alma, at home, and Miary, the wife of William Whistler, of Mount Clemens. Mr. Williams and his sons are stalwart supporters of the republican party and he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, although he has never been an aspirant for office. The cause of education finds in him a warm friend and as a member of the school board he has done effective service in its behalf. He and his wife hold memrbership in the Baptist church and he belongs to the Grand Army Post at Mount Clemens. A wonderful transformation has been wrought in Macomb county during the fifty-two years of his residence here, and the work of public improvement and progress has found its counterpart in the life of Mr. Williams, who, as the years have passed, has developed a character of strength and rectitude and who in his business career has met with success which is the fitting reward of earnest, persistent effort. CIARLES ULLRICHI. Charles Ullrich, now deceased, was a prominent citizen of Mount Clemens. Ile was born November 27, 1836, in the village of Diemierode, in the kingdom of Hlesse, and is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth lUllrich. Ile attended school in Europe until he was fourteen years of age, at which time he left school and worked upon a farlm until lie arrived at the age of seventeen years, when he concluded to leave the old world and try his fortune in the new. I-e landed in this country comparatively without means and a stranger to the people and their language. lie came to Detroit and at once went to earning his livelihood by working at the butcher's trade; worked there six months; and then removed to Chicago, remlaining there about one year. The following year he worked in St. Louis and New Orleans. At each of the last named places he carried on the business of butchering. lle finally returned to Detroit and after a short time came to Mount Clenmens, and on the 20th of September, 1857, he entered into a co-partnership with August Czizek and opened a meat market. They conducted this business for two and one-half years, when Mr. Ullrich sold out his interest to his partner, and at once went into the live stock business, which trade he carried on for a number of years, and, during the war, he took many heavy contracts from the United States government for furnishing horses for the cavalry. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I79 In many of these contracts and in pine land speculations he was connected with the late J. B. Dickinson. Ile finally abandoned the live stock business and went into the real estate business, buying and selling farms and city property. Mr. IJllrich married MIargaret S. Mliller, daughter of John W. Miller, November 27, 1858, and to them were born three children: William J., Reuben C., and Francis P. IHe was elected alderman of the city of \Mount Clemens in the year 1880, which position he held for two years. As a member of the council, he was one of the most active and efficient workers; served upon many of the most important and standing committees, and was one of the most able and prominent members of the special building coImmittee, who had the matter of erecting the new courthouse in charge. By thrift and economy he amassed quite a large fortune and was the owner of some of the finest and choicest property in the city of Mount Clemens. IHe was recognized as a man of remarkably good judgment and very quick perception in this and adjoining counties, where he was well and favorably known. Hie departed this life in 1883, honored and respected by all who knew him. WALTER J. DALBY. Walter J. Dalby, who is engaged in the drug business in MIount Clemens, was born in this city, March 11, 1872, and is a son of George and Hannah (Spencer) Dalby, who were natives of England, and on coming to America settled in Quebec. They afterward located in London, Canada, and in 1861, came to Mount Clemiens. Walter J. Dalby pursued his education in the public schools of Mount Clemens but early put aside his text-books in order to earn his own living, being employed as a bell boy in the Sherman House of this city. He afterward occupied a position in a laundry office for a year and was then employed as a delivery boy in the general store of A. J. Olde, in 1890. Iie entered the employ of John Westendorf as a drug clerk and with him learned the business, continuing in his store until 1901. In February of the latter year he organized the Dalby Drug Company. which opened its store at No. 11 North Gratiot avenue, of which he becamle manager, and he has since conducted a large and profitable business here, having a well appointed store, complete in all its equipments and carrying a large and well selected line of drugs. On the 2d of May, 1895, Mr. Dalby was married to MIiss Charlotte Iasson, of Buffalo, New York, and they have one son, Maurice II. Mr. Dalby belongs to Mount Clemens lodge, No. 168, K. P. le is a man of excellent capability, popular with his fellow townsmen, having a large circle of friends, and enjoying the esteemi as well as the confidence of those who have had business relations with him. WARD W. SWITZER. Ward W. Switzer, well known as a representative of commercial interests of Mount Clenens, conducting a jewelry establishment here, was born in Davis, M\acomnb county, February 21, 1879, aind is a son of William F. and Adell (Dicken) Switzer, who were natives of New York and Macolmb county respectively. The Switzer family had its origin in (lermlany, while the ancestors of the Dicken family came to America fromn Enigland. William F. Switzer was a mierchant in Davis for a number of years and is now the cashier of the New Haven Savings Bank at New Haven. Macomb county, in which capacity he has served for three years. In his family are four children, namely: Ward W.,.Maude A., who is a teacher of music in Athens, Pennsylvania; George D., who is associated with Ward W. in business and is living in Mount Clemens; and John D., also a resident of Mount Clemens. Ward W. Switzer pursued his education in the district schools and in the high school of Romeo, and in March, 1895, he began to learn the watchmaker's trade with Dwight T. Dicken in Davis. Some two years later his employer died and Mr. Switzer continued the business for a year. He then entered the Canadian Ilorological Institute at Toronto, Ontario, where he pursued a two years' course of study, perfecting himself in his chosen trade. He then entered the employ of A. H. Kent, at Mount Clemens, in whose service he remained for seven months, when he obtained a position in the store of Chambers & Stewart, at Mounlt Clemens, continuing there for three years. In October, 1904, he established business on his own account at No. 65 North Walnut street, where he carries a general line of jewelry and stationery and school supplies and also does a watch repairing business. In the year which has passed he has built up a I8o PAST AND PRESENT' OF MACOMB COUNTY good trade and his patronage is constantly increasing. In March, 1905, he took George 1). Switzer in partnership, the firm now being Switzer Brothers. Mr. Switzer is a member of the Woodmien of the World and has the friendship and regard not only of his brethren of the fraternity but of many residents of MAount Clemlens. Hle was married, June 17, 1903, to Vena K. Jones, a daughter of Charles II. and Celestia (tlart) Jones, of lMeade, Michigan. The young couple enjoy the hospitality of Inany of the best honies of Mount Clemens. They have one child, William l J., born Novemnber 21, 1904. Mr. Switzer is recogonized as a young man II of strict business integrity andl possesses strong purpose and laludable amblition-qualities which are essential to success. SYLVESTER A. STONE. Sylvester A. Stone, whose ho(me is on section 4, Bruce townshipi, is one of the leading citizens of his communlluitvy and is a successful farmer andl stockraiser. Since 1843 hle ha, been a resident of Michilan and has therefore witnessed mulch of its grow th and developmlent. lie was born in MIonroe county, New Yolrk, lMarch 26, 1832, and is a sonl of Solomon and Betsy (Bradley) Stone. The father was born and reared in Vermont and when a younm manl went to Monroe county, New York, where he was married, his wife being a native of Jefferson county, that state. Unto them were born thirteen children prior to the elligration of the faimily to Michigan in 1843. Locating in Maceolmb county, the father entered two hundred andl forty acres of land in Richmond township, which he cleared, cultivated and imlproved, becomin a prominent and successful farmerl of that locality, where he spent the remainder of his life. Of his seven sons only our subject is now living, but three daughters yet survive, these being Mrs. Mary W. Sherman, now over ninety years of age, her farm in Bruce township being now operated by our subject; Mrs. Helen S. Allen, a widow residing in the town of Richmond; and Elizabeth, wife of Alexander Caster of Richmond township. S. A. Stone was only eleven years of age when he accompanied his parents on their removal to this county and here he grew to manhood, attending the common schools and later the high school at Almont. In 1858 he was united in marriage to AMiss Sarah Cordelia Rowley, also a native of New York state, who died on the 3d of August, 1862. Soon after the death of his wife Mr. Stone entered the Union army, for the Civil war was then in progress, enlisti-ng on the 22d of August, 1862, in Company E, Fifth Michigan Calvalry, which was assigned to General Custer's Brigade, Army of the Potomac. He participated in a numnber of important engagements and once was slightly womnded in defending the old flag and the cauese it represented. When the war closed he was ill in the hospital at Cumberland, MIaryland, and was there honorably (discharged. After his return home Mr. Stone was engaged in farming in Richluiond townslhip for' some years, owning a small but well Iimlproved farm. In 1873 he removed to Montcalm county and puirc(hased eighty acres of land near Carso C( ity, )but Awhel the railroad wavs built tlhrough that;etio)l he soldl tIhe i)lace and bought another farm near the city, contilmingl to make his hoIm( in that colunty until 1898, when he disposed of his pro(perty there andl returned to alconmb comuty to take charxge of tlhe flarm of his sister, Mrs. Sherlman ll. In con-ileetion with general farming he devotes considerable attention to the raising a(l feedlin, of stock.:Mr. Sto)e Was agaiii ma tried in Bruce township, this (colrlty, in 1868, to Miss Martha Bishop, a native of the county l and a lauglhter of Trulmanl anld Mary (Sercan) Bishop. By lhis '*fArst marriag e he had two sons who relachled years of nmaturity. (;eorge IT., the elder, was a graduate of the State University at Ann Arbor and became a prolminent edutcator, teaching English in the schools of Detroit, in which city he died in 1890. Edward R. was reared a(nd educated by his aunt, Mrs. Sherman. tle attended the Agricultural College at Lansing, and after completing the course took charge of his aunt's farml and business a,ffairs, which he successfu-lly conducted up to the time of his death, which occurred April 11, 1899. tie was a young mnan of exemplary habits, upright and honorable in all things, and he possessed good business ability. By his second marriage Mr. Stone has three children: Mary Louise, now the wife of D)r. (i. F. Smith, of Belding, Michigan; Charles Clifford, who is married and is engaged in the practice of dentistry at Alnont; and Stuart S., who is still at home with his parents. In his political views Mr. Stone is a stanch democrat, casting his first presidential vote for James Buchanan and for every nominee MR. AND MRS. S. A. STONE I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I83 since that time with exception of 1860 and 1864 when he voted for Abrahaml Lincoln. While a resident of Montcalm county he served as treasurer of Bloomer township two terms and was also one of the drainage commissioners. lie has been delegate to numerous county conventions of his party and has always taken a deep interest in public affairs as every true American citizen should do. lie is a member of the Congregational church of Carson City, to which his wife also belongs, and as an honored veteran of the Civil war and one of the representative citizens of the community he is certainly deserving of prominent mention in this volume. Fraternally he is a mInember of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. PLINY P. ANDREWS. Pliny P. Andrews owns a farm of one hundred and fifty-five acres on section 8, Shelby township. He was born in this township, January 1, 1850, upon the farm which is yet his home, his parentis being Chester and Rhoda Ann (Lockwood) Andrews, both natives of the state of New York. The paternal grandfather was Hiram Andrews and the maternal grandfather was Jeremiah Lockwood. Chester Andrews was only twelve years of age when brought by his parents from the Empire state to M:ichigan in 1832. his birth having occurred on November 8, 1820. IIis wife was born January 15, 1823, and was only eight months old when brought to Michigan. The grandfather settled a half mile east of where Pliny P. Andrews now resides, purchasing land there of a man who had entered it fromi the government. Mr. ILockwood had obtained land of the governnment and at one time was the owner of eighty acres, while Chester Andrews became the owner of a valuable farm of one hundred acres. lie devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits and passed away in 1883. tIis widow still survives hiln and has now reached the age of eighty-two years. Pliny P. Andrews was reared to farm life and pursued his education in the Andrews school. IIe has always devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits with the exception of two years, which he passed upon the road in locating agents for the sale of a fertilizer. In receint years he has rented his farm but still gives his attention to his place, which comprises one hundred and fifty-five acres of valuable and productive land. In 1869 Mr. Andrews was married to Miss Althea A. Dennis, a daughter of Andrew and Miary (Corwin) Dennis, who were New Jersey people and came to Michigan at an early day. lHe and Mrs. Andrews have one son, Frank C., who was educated in the Andrews school and for one term was a student in Washington. Ite married Jennie Baker and they have one child, Ilomner W. Frank C. Andrews is a broker and bond dealer of Detroit. In his political views Pliny P. Andrews is a stalwart republican and served as justice of the peace for eight years, proving a capable officer, his decisions being strictly fair and imnpartial. Ie belongs to the Maccabee lodge in Washington, and is now a member of the Union church at Washington. IIe has seen the country develop from a wilderness to a veritable garden and as the years have passed has taken just pride in what has been accomplished. Ile has borne his full share in the work of agricultural improvement and has also been a co-operant factor in man) mneasures for the general good, while in all matters of citizenship he has been loyal and in business affairs he has been found worthy the trust of the public. JOIN E. CAREY. John E. Carey, who since 1893 has conducted a florist business in Mount Clemens with continually increasing success, was born in Ireland, April 1, 1857, his parents being Matthew and Alice (Clarke) Carey, who were also natives of the Green Isle of Erin. They came to the United States in 1861, locating at Long Island City, New York, where the father's death occurred when he was sixtythree years of age, while his wife passed away at the age of sixty-eight years. Matthew Carey was the only member of his branch of the family that came to America. John E. Carey received but limited educational opportunities. He began work while still a boy as a florist on Long Island, and in 1884 he canme to the west, locating in Detroit, where he was employed as a florist for about ten years. IHe came to Mount Clemens in 1893 and established business for himself on a small scale. Ie at first had only three greenhouses but has increased his plant until he now has ten greenhouses all located at No. 17 North Wilson boulevard in Mount Clemens. Iis business is of extensive and profitable proportions at the present day, owirgi to his well directed efforts, his thor 184 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ough knowledge of the work, his earnest desire to please his patrons and his straightforward dealing. In 1888 occurred the marriage of Mr. Carey and Miss Maggie Wakefield, a native of Canada, and their children are John, Isabella, Edith, James, Mary and Margaret, all at home in Mount Clemens. Mr. Carey is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Woodmen of the World and the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association. IIe is a mIan of rather retiring disposition but one who coliImands the unqualified respect of the business colmmunity. Ile has been quite successful in his business career, taking great pride in this work and devoting his entire attention thereto. GEORGE B. ROWLEY. George B. Rowley, who carries oln gleeral agricultural pursuits in a practical and progressive manner that produces desired resullts, has made his home in tRomineo since 1890, while his farm is sitluated in Ray township. It was in that township that his birth occur:red, April 1, 1844. Hiis Ipatc al grandfather, Braillard Rowley, resided for mlanym years in the Emipire state and there A\lson 1). Rowley. father of (our sulbject, iwas )1orn Juell 16, 1806. IIis youth was passed in the Elpire state and when a yvoung man lie camine west to Michigan in 18:2, his destination beinlg MIacomlb county. lie located in Ray townlship and from the govern:menit secured a tract of land of one hundred and forty acres which was wild and unillproved. Therefore, the arduous task of clearing and developing it devolved upon him and with great energy he undertook the work of developing his farm. lie brought Susan Becraft to preside over his home, their marriage being celebrated in this county. She was born, however, in the Empire state, and was there reared to the age of eighteen years, when she came to Michigan with her parents, Moses and Margaret (Fenton) Beeraft, who thus cast in their lot with the pioneer settlers of Macomb county. Mr. Rowley having married, thus had an added impetus for effective and earnest labor. He erected good buildings upon his farm and developed a nice home, which was surrounded by well tilled fields that annually yielded him golden harvests. There he reared his family and spent his remaining days, passing away in 1886, at the age of eighty years. His widow still survives him and now makes her home with a daughter in Romeo. In their family are three sons and three daughters, all of whom are living and are now heads of families. Wells A., of Romeo, born February 18, 1834, married Mary Ilulbert. MIargaret, born September 21, 1835, married Henry Rogers and after his death became the wife of Andrew Stranahan. They live in Romeo and have six children. William, born Malrch 16, 1839, married t Ielen D)ows, and after her death wedded Elnlma Welch. They live in Ray township. Sary Marie, born Jly 15, 1841, is the widow of IHenry Richards. George B. is the next of the family. Josephine, born DIecenber 12, 1852, is the wife of IlDaiel Stone, of Ietroit, and has five children. George B. Rowley was reared in the usual mlanner of farnler lads, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of life for him in his boyhood days. lie attende(l the ldistrict schools and contilnuedl to assist in the operation of the old homllestead farm until twe lnty-six years of age, when he married and went to a home of his own. lie wedded cM liss Elizabeth Rose, daughter of John and Julia (Fox) Rose, in Ray township, Julle 7, 1870. She is a native of this township born Febrluary 24, 1844. and was reared and educatledi here, her father beingl nmlnbered amnon1g the early settlers of 1822, com'int from New Yolk. In the family were the following' children: Joseph P., )born October 18, 1834, aiarried Clara Freemaln, lives in Detroit and has three children. J. Wesley, born Novelmber 11, 1841. imarried Julia A. Fox, by whom lie had three children, and their hom:e is in Kalamazoo, -Michignan. Luna -i. Rose, born Novemlber 30, 1846, is the widow of Austin Bannister and lives in Davis, Mlichigan. Mrs. Rowley was a teacher for several years prior to her nmarriage and is a lady of superior culture and refinement, always interested in intellectual development. She went as a bride to her husband's home, an( they continued to reside on the old homestead farm for a year and then removed to Armada township, where he rented land for two years. ITe then returned to Ray township and rented the place which he now owns continuing its cultivation for two years. IIe afterward leased arind operated a farm in Washington township for two years and the succeeding years were spent by him in Bruce township. ITe next lived in Romeo for a year and in 1882 he bought a farm which he now owns, locating thereon in that year. IIe at once began its further development and cultivation and year by year has continued the work of improvement until PAST AN) 'PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY i85 ihe now has an excellent property. The house has been rebulilt, two barns have been built, fences have also been constructed, the land has been tiled, an orchard has been planted, and altogether the equipmlents of the farm are such as are found uploll a model property. In 1890 lie rented the farim and leased a residence prop)erty in Romeo, where he lived retired for one or two years. lie then again took charge of his farm, which lie conducted with the assistance of hired lhelp unitil 1905. lie now owns hi s o w ns is ow hoiie in Romeo. Mr. and Mrs. Rowley have become the parents of one child. MIertol E., whoo is a traveling salesmlIanl with headq(lllartersi in DPetroit. Mr. Rowley, intterested iln Jeffersllonian d(emocracy, has always g'iven his sullpport to the menl and aleasilre5s of that party 1and fi)o oiie termI he served on thle village 1)0ord(1, but ha s always lbeen withoiit p)olitical 1aslpir'atiomi. 1is wife is a mei!)ber' of the MIetlho(dit (41n'.hl. There is in the life history of Mi. 1{owley ]tmuch that is commeii diidable anld woi thy of emulation, for he started out a 'poor ini a111(d 1 yv continlanee of labor, fru' mality and economy, coinbin'ed with g(ood business juldg'melnt, has steadily Vadvaniced nutil ihe ow cpies a creditable p)lace aaimon' tlhe silhstaatial:resi(lelts of this part of the state. Ilis fellow townslien hive alwayvs foulld himl t'rustwortlhy aCnmd lie certa inlly dleserves tile;-'omewa( t trite, b)ut honored Ameri('iean title of a self-iadwe Ima1. El)WIN E. CONNOR. Edwin E. Connor was born February 13, 1859, on the old family honmestead inl Shel)by township, where he yet lives, his parents being David and Sarah (Price) Counor. The father was born in Qnuebec(c, Canada, October 25, 1813, and reimoved from the state of New York to MIichigan in 1836, settling in Utica. His childhood and youth were passed in New York city and there he learned the trade of coach building and following his removal to Utica he eng'aged in carriage makingo. lie remained a resident of Utica for about ten years and during that time was married, in 1842, to Miss Sarah Price. Four years later they removed to the old Price farm, her father having died in 183S. Mrs. Connor had three sisters and seven brothers of whom Phillip is still living at Marlette, Michio'gan, beinm a retired farmer there. Adanm Price, Mrs. Connor's father, was one of the valued pioneer residents of the county and he built the second house in IUtica and also the first mill. lie camne to Michigan from Rochester, New York, traveling by way of the Erie canal and on a steamboat from Buffalo to Detroit and thence by ox-team to Royal Oak, where lihe was entertained by a family who lived in a log house of one room, beds being' ]made upon the floor to accomnmodate the guests. After reaching Utica IMr. Price lived with his brother, Jacob Price, whose house was the first in the town, it standing on the site now occupied by the store owned by G(eorge Roberson. There was only one house btetween Utica and Washington aad there was no railroad, not even a wag'on road-only an o(ld Indian trail. IManly of the red men still lived in the state, there being two hutndred of them] eceai)mped in Ul tica( on their way to,'et presents to 1)e given theml by the governmlent. There were I;ears and wolves in the forests and frequently larg'e herds of deer were seen, while lesser 'a ile was to be had in abundance. The Plrie( famiily endured all the hardshipIs incident to Ipioleer life and also enljoyed many Ipleasuires sllch as are unknownl at the present day. M\Irs. (Connor attended school, being a student inll an old 1(lo) schoolhlouse. The teacher was itr. Whlitimore who 'ave instruction in readii)' writing, a rithmetic alid gra111,mmar. ()l d fashioned spelling matehes were held in which everyb!ody in the neighlborhod par ticilated and there was imuch pleasant rivalry through' one's ability to splell and soiime good s(peller; were produced in this war. Mr. (ono eventually vbecamne a teacher, receivinllg one dollar per week for teaching school for six days per week. One o(f the rooms in the house was used for school purposes. The old house is still standing in which Mrs. Connor taught school, and in which her son, Edwin E., was born. Edwin E. Connor pursied his education in the public schools of I)isco antd Utica. Ie has alxways followed farming, having been trained in early manhood to the labors of field and meadow so that practical experience well qualified him to carry on his work after attaining his majority. lie has made many excellent improvemnents on the old homestead and everything about the place is in good condition, the buildings and fences always being kept in repair while the fields produce gzood crops. lie has here two hundred and forty acres of rich land and annually secures golden harvests as the reward for the care and labor which he bestows upon his farm. Mr. Connor was married to Miss Ella George, who was a daughter of J. K. George and died in 1889. For his second wife he I86 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY chose Rachel Cluff, a daughter of William and Jane (Griffin) Cluff, who are natives of Canada. This marriage was celebrated in 1893 and in 1896 a child was born unto them but died the same year. Mr. Connor is a republican in his political views and has held the office of supervisor for three years. He was also at one time school inspector. tie has a wide acquaintance in the township and county where his entire life has been passed and he is to-day classed with the representative farmers here. GENERAL CORTEZ FESSENDEN. General Cortez Fessenden, who is now living retired in Romeo, has been one of the prominent and influential citizens of Macomb county and a resident of AMichigan for many years. lie is numbered among the old settlers here, dating his residence in the county since 1846. Hie is a native of Canada, born October 11, 1825. His father, Eben Fessenden, was born in Worcester county, Massachusetts, and was descended from English ancestory, two brothers having emigrated from the "rmerrie isle" to the new world, being among the first settlers of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Eben Fessenden was reared in the state of his nativity and when a young mNan went to Vermont, where he was married to MIiss Hlannah Moss, who was born in Connecticut, but was reared in the Green Mountain state. Mr. Fessenden owned land in both Vermont and Canada and for some years he resided across the border in Canada, rearing his family there and spending his last days in the Dominion. IIis wife survived him for a number of years. General Fessenden was educated in Vermont and Canada, attending the common and high schools. Study at home has also greatly broadened his knowledge. Ile has long been a close and earnest student and has kept in touch with the world's progress and with the great questions affecting the social economic policy of the country. When a young man he studied surveying, gaining his knowledge largely by practical experience in the field and thus he became an expert surveyor. Ite came to Macomb county in 1846, settling first at Romeo, where he taught school through the succeeding winter and also continued his educational work for a number of years and at the same time surveying as opportunity offered. Ambitious to improve his own education he became a student in the academy at Romeo after it was established, and subsequently he again taught school. In 1856 he went to Springfield, Illinois, where he engaged in surveying, opening an office in a room adjoining the room of Abraham Lincoln, with whom he became personally acquainted and a warm friendship sprung up between them. General Fessenden remained in Illinois for some years and next went to Dakota on a general survey, having a government contract for that work in that section of the country. For three years he was engaged there, after which he returned to Romeo and purchased a farm, which he cultivated for a year. On selling that property he took up his abode in the town, where he lived until 1881, when he was appointed by President James A. Garfield to the position of surveyor general of Dakota. Iere he had charge of an engineering corps and the appointment of all surveyors in the territory. In fact he had general supervision of the work in that line and the letting of contracts and for four years he continued in the position, rendering capable service by reason of his ability as a surveyor. In this county he was elected and served for five terms as county surveyor, and he was also elected on two other occasions, but refused to qualify. lie is now living a retired life, enjoying a rest which he has truly earned and richly deserves. General Fessenden was married in Romeo in 1863 to Miss Caroline Sterling, a native of Livingston county, New York, who came to Michigan in her girlhood days and was here reared. IHer death occurred in Romeo, in March, 1877, and she left a daughter, Agnes L., who, having completed the high school course in Romeo, attended the State Normal School at Ypsilanti, Michigan, from which she was graduated. She now holds a life certificate for this state and has been a teacher in the high school at Romeo for ten or twelve years. In 1881 General Fessenden was again married, his second union being with Miss Emma Smith, a native of this state. When age gave to him the right of franchise he espoused the cause of the whig party and cast his first presidential vote for General Winfield Scott. In 1860 he supported his republican friend, Abraham Lincoln, and has since voted for each republican nominee of the republican party. He has been a delegate to county and state conventions and has always been interested in GENERAL COIITEZ FESSENDEN. ri* PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I89 political questions. lie has resided in Romeo during the greater part of the time for fifty-nine years. He is a man whom to know is to esteem and honor because of his strength of character, his upright principles and his fidelity to every course that he has believed to be right. lie has had a wide acquaintance among prominent men and has enjoyed their friendship because he was worthy of their regard. lie is to-day classed with the pioneer residents of Macomb county and as one of its representative citizens deserves mention on the paiges of its history. AIGTUST F. KAISER. The history of city, state or nation is chiefly the chronlicle of the lives an1d deeds of those who have conferred honor and d(lignity upon society. The wo()rld judges the chalracter of a coininmunity iby that of its representative citizens afnd Atugust F. Kaiser was tlml)bered amtong' thos:e whose works a id acts constitute the rec(iord of Aioilnt (CJlilecls' prosperity tald pride. Ile diedl Januarvy 6, 1902, at the coinpiaratively ea I rly ge of forty-eig'ht yeaIrs, blit his entire life ws spen _t inI MIacoinmi county and all who iknew him h โ€” an d his acquaintance was a wide one-entcrtailed for him utqualified reg'ard and esteem. Ilis educational privileges were somlewlihait limited, but reading. experiencee aiind observaitioi broadened his knowledge ill later life. Hle was early em)ployed onl a fariim and il this way gained his start in the busintess w5orldli. For a long period lie was identified w ith thie business interests of New Haven anmd lhe served aIs postaiiNster there undler the adlministi(atitlon of President Ilarrison. In 1894 lie remnoved to 5M[ount Clemens. )(upon being elected counity treasurer onl the republlicanl ticket. lie was re-elected iin 1896 anl1d oil the expirationi of his second term lihe retired froin office as lie lhad entered it-with the trust anld good will of all concerned. Ife then associated hiamself with Thoimas Brooime and established a general crockery and chinawaire store, beconiing the senior partner of Kaiser & Broomhe. The business is still con(ductedtl unlder the old firnti naimte at No. 49 North Walhnut street, in Mount Cleinets, sMrs. Kaiser still retainitng the forier interest of her husban]d in the businless. Owing to failinMg health for several months) prior to his d(eiiise, AIl. Kaiser was iiot actively eng'aged in the coiduct of the store. His condtition w(ias ofteii critical aind lie siubmlitted to a succession of o)perations. A recoverxy was unever antici pated, but relief could only be obtained through these operations and ultimately he passed away in Harper Hospital, in Detroit. It was on the 9th of October, 1882, that Mr. Kaiser was united in marriage to Mliss Alice II. IIopkins, a daughter of Nicholas and Diana (Price) Hopkins, of 5Macomb county, who were natives of Englanti and on emigratinmg to America settled first in the state of New York, whenice they retmoveed to Macomiiib county ini 1855. MIr. and Mrs. Kaiser became the p1arent- of onie daughter, G(race, who wa-s graduated fro() the IUniversity of Atichiian, at Ann Arbor, with the class of 1904, and is now v- teacher of languaeges in the high school at MIount Clemeiins. MI. Kaiser belonged tom Moutnt Clemens lod(ge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., arid w}is also identifiedl with the Knights of the Ilacecabees. lie was a man of superior judgmnent and of sterlinie worth. His career proved th ththe ly true success in life is that which is accompil)lished by pcersonal effort and conlsecutive industryi. It also proved that the rolad to success is olpen to all you()lng meII whho have the coura(ge to tread its pathway and the life record of such a mnan should serve as an inlsl)irationl to the youth of this anld future 'enerationis and tt to teach that success is aimibition's aniswer. lie was devoted to his family and while his uanyx friends recognized his mtany excellent traits of chairacter, his best lqualities were reserved for the ilimembers of his hoi(sehold. ILOUIS F. WOLF. Louis F. Wolf, who is engaged in the hardware b)usiness in Mlount Cleiiiens, is a native of Otter Lake, MIichigan, born January 8, 1886, and is a son( of Frederick L. and Emma (Schott) Wolf, wiho weire natives of Roseville aid Waldenhurgo, Michigan, respectively. The foremer was born December 11, 1862, and was a son of Frederick Wolf, who was a native of (leramany and caine to the l;United States when thirteen years of age. At that time lie took up his abode in Alacomb county and is 1low living, in hAMount Clemens, being one of the leading' anid tvalued pioneer residents of this part of the state. His son, Frederick L. Wolf, was the fourth in order of birth in a family of eighlt childirel aind after acquiring his education in the public schools lie began learning the carpenter's trade, which lie later followed in DIetroit, 5Michig'an. He became a resident of MIount Clemens in 1887 and here established a hardware business in 1895. This 19o PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY business is now located at No. 76 Macomb street and is conducted by his son, Louis F., who has been manager since August 1, 1903. Mr. Wolf has made for himself a creditable place in business circles and enjoys the entire confidence of the community. In early manhood he married Emma Schott, a daughter of John Schott, of Mounit Clemens. Her father was proprietor of a lumber mill at Waldenburg and at Otter Lake for several years. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Frederick L. Wolf were born five children: Louis F., Elna, Arthur, Dora and Ella, but the youngest died in 1901, at the age of three years. Louis F. Wolf pursued his education in the public schools and in Miles Business College of Mount Clemiens. Ile entered upon his business career as a clerk in his father's hardware store in 1899, and served in that capacity until he was mlade manager on the 1st of August, 1903, being then but seventeen years of age. Ile is a young man of marked enterprise and executive ability, possessing the spirit of energy wAhich Ihas been the dominant factor in the upbuilding of the middle west. Ile is a lmember of the (erlman Lutheran church and is president of the Young People's Society of that organization. An advocate of progress and improvement, he is in his own career mIaking steady advancement along material, intellectual and moral lines and he comnlands the confidence and good will of all who know hin. FLOYD E. ANDREWS. Floyd E. Andrews, engaged in the practice of law in New Baltimore, was born in Bergen, (enesee county, New York, August 8, 1866, a son of George J. and Marion J. Andrews, the former a farmer by occupation. His more specifically literary education was completed by graduation from the high school of Battle Creek, Michigan, with the class of 1886, and then having determined to make the practice of law his life work he became a student in the office and under the direction of Mechem, Hulbert & Mechem, attorneys of Battle Creek, being admitted to the bar November 9, 1889. Mr. Andrews has been a resident of Michigan since 1871, at which time he was brought by his parents to this state, the family home being established on a farm near Battle Creek, and while a schoolboy his vacation months were largely spent in assisting in the cultivation of the fields and the harvesting of crops. Following his admission to the bar he en tered upon the practice of law and in January, 1891, he was appointed chief clerk in the corporation division of the secretary of state's office, at Lansing, Michigan, under Daniel E. Soper, which position he filled until there occurred a change in the administration. lie was then transferred, on the 1st of January, 1893, to the insurance department under William E. Magill, then commissioner of insurance, to assist in the compilation of his report and acted in that capacity for six months, when his superior officer was succeeded by a republican. In July, 1893, Mr. Andrews removed to Montana, where he relnained for seven months when he returned to Michigan and later opened a law office at Mlorley, 5Mecosta county, Michigan, where he remained until May, 1897. Ile then removed to New Baltimnore, where he has continued in the practice of law ever since, having now a g'ood clientage of an important character. As a law student hle was thorough and in his practice he is painstaking and practical in the preparation of his cases, carefully weighing the evidence, and the law applicable thereto, and presentin(,g his caulse in a clear, lo'ical forlm. Mr. Andrews has ever given an unfaltering support to the democratic party. tle was a candidcate for prosecuting attorney of Macombl county in 1897 and 1899 and for represelntative to the state legislature in 1901, but was defeated with the entire ticket. Ite is now president of the village. Ile holds lmembership with the Modern Maccabees, was commander of the local tent for four years and representative to the great camp in 1899 and 1903. le is also a member of the Modern Woodmen Camp. HIe was mnarried, July 6, 1890, to Winifred W. Westfall, of Iudson, Michigan, and they are prominent socially in New Baltimore. Mr. Andrews is interested in all the questions of the day which affect local progress or the national welfare, is a man of broad mind and has had no little influence in molding public thought and action in his locality. FRANK X. TOUSCANY. Frank X. Touscany, whose success and prominence in business circles is the indication of an activity in commercial life that brooks no obstacles, was born in Harrison township, Macomb county, November 20, 1877, his parents being Amand and Amelia (Stark) Touscany, the former a native of PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY'' i9i 1-laeomub county, anti the latte~r of Glermlany. The Touscany family, howevcr (iis of French fi nea ge a rid representatives of the ii(lie cainle to Michig,(an at aii early day takiiic a piroiiinent Part iii the deve-lopmcnelt and pirogress of Macoini) countyr. A inand ITouscamy was a farimer who followed his occupation in Ilarrisonl towni-shiip for a long- -pz110(1 lit weddedl Miss Amelia Sta~rk and they beeamie the Ipareints of seven children: Frank X.; Jacob, who is living( in Mount Cl-e-mens Amand and Loutis, of iAlount C"lemenis Louisa W., the wie of EdwNard Irwin of Ali\Iout Clemlens; Ann-a, the wife of Anthoay- l11aler, of this city,and Nellie, at home. Mr. riou~scaniy lpiisiied his, education in the puiblic schools of Mount CIl lielts c5ontiniuing there tuiitil he had completed ' high school course,,and he also puriimsmd aebusiun ss; course in IDetroit Business Uiniversitx, In 1895. Iii his youh, wh-len his time ANx as not occupied by his text-books h(ie, woike d 111)0,11, the homl-e farmn and when tw ( ntyoutie years of age lie accepted the p~osmtioin of bookkee(per for the firm-I of Hailer & Compaiivi, of Mfount Clemens,,actmno,) inl that capaicity for three andl a half Yeairs Oii the( txp~i itioii of that period he beg~an lbisiut ss oni his owVii accoun~t as a dealer inl groceri s' IImt cats Cand p~rovisions. lie became. associate ( in prl~ mtersimip with Anthonjy Seiberit nnder the hirm name of Seibert &Touscanvx their store beingp located in the Czizek b)lock, from Juine, 1902, uentil March 0,1903, whien they pur-chased thme grocery, mleat and provisioir bnsiniess (If Augnst PringnzatNo. 75 North Walnunt street., to which iplace they removed., adding)- this stock to the one wvhich they hald previously pnrchased. A Ia rge and constanitly inicrleasing( Iuslisiss has beeni the result, and duin"Jg the past year their sales amounteti to one hundred thousand dollars, theirs beinig one of the leadinig mlercantile enterp~rises of the kind iin MAouiit ClAeimens. Onl the 1st of October, 1902, Mr. Touscany was niarried to Lillnian M. Sch'anher, a, danghter of Frank Schanher, (If Detroit. She died S'eptember 24, 1903, at the age of twenty-five years, leavin. 'a soii, Clifford J. Mr. Tonscaimy belong-s to the Catholic Mfutual IBenevolent Association aiind the Knoigts of Columbus. Ilie is an energetic votnno; businless man o Mount Cleniens, progrle'ssive aii1d alive to the, interest~s that engage his,attentioii, anti whatever he undertakes he carries forward to snecessfiil comtpletion, haiving( the ability to In~stitute new methods where iione exist andi toI -utilize opportunities to Iiis own advantagye. Moreover, his businiess methods are strictly fair an 'Ill bear closest iivsiainand scruinmy anid the house of wvhich he is part owiier bears an enviable reputation in trade circles. JOSEPH WELLER. Joseph Weller, having put aside the duties and labors coniiected with the trade of carpen-tering,. is iiow living retired in Ronmeo. His life record begaii July 4, 1881, in Chesterfield towiiship where his father, Elisha Weller, located iii early pioneer timies. He was born in Warren county, New Jersey, in 1800, anld was a son (If Gxeorge Weller, who iN is (If ('eiman ancestry. Elisa Weller spent thit diyii, of his lboyhoodi and youth in the statt (If his nativity anid was niiarrieci there to M~iss Maria \Tanetta, whose birth occurred.iii I hilaidelphiia, wxhere she reniained uip to the tme (If her iiara'.The year 1881 witmussed the ii arrival iii the state of M-ichig-an arid theylocated ini Chesterfield township, Macomib county, where Mr. Weller secured three tracts of land of eiohity acres each, making the llrrrcliasw froni the governmient, Ile cut the first stick~ of tliiber upii)Ii this Iliace aiid continued to clear awaiy the trees until there was a space sufficlient to pi~nt a crop. As timte lpassed lie comitinued his work (If preparing the soIl foi tultivation,and later rich harvests rewxar ded his labors. Ilie alwavs remiained upon his f 11, iwhere his death (oceirred i ii March, 19()3. le had long simrvieyei his wife, who dietd in 1-868. Their family iminibereti ten cluldien wxho reacshed adult age -and three sonis ammd three daughters are y-et living, miamaelvy Saimuel, a resident of M1ount Clemenis; GJeorge, who owns and operates a; part of the old homestead farm; Mrs. 'Sarah A. S,-avag-e. living( in MHount Clemens; MAlrs. Catherinle ALWyckoff, a widow, residingo in lDetroit, an1IIdiI Mary 1I., the wife (If Thurston Kmiighyit, of Mloimmt Cl'emYens. Those deceased are: Willima, who wa~s niiarried and lived in Chesterfiel dtowiishiip until his death at the age of seventy-four years; Charles, who died at the age of twenity-eig(ht years; Elizabeth, who becamie the wife of Jacob Brand and died about 18915), anaid John C., who was a resident of Chesterfield township anid diied in November 1904. In takimng up the personal history of Joseph Weller we presemit to our readers one whose lotig rcsidence amid active life in Macomb county have gTained himu a wide and favorable acquaintance, Ile-was reared to manhood in 192 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the township of his nativity and attended the colmmon schools there. Hle learned the carpenter's trade which he followed in early life in connection with farni work. lie afterward bouglht a farm of eighty acres adjoining his father's place and there he devoted his time and energies to agricultural pursuits and also assisted in the operation of the old homestead. 11 January, 1865, he was married in Armada to Miss Jennet Kennedy, who was born, realred d ad eullcated in Arnmiada township, a( daughter of T. P. Kennedy, one of the first settlers of the Empire state. In the fall folloNwing his marriage Mr. Weller purchased the sash, door llld blilld factory at Romleo in connection with lli s brother-in-law, A. Kennedy, and was in that business for seven or eight years, when lie sold out. Subsequently vhe followed the carpenltering trade during the buildilng season. iIeI bought a residence which he now occupies, made extensive and sublstantial iillprovemllents thereon ain(l now has a very coiltfortable a lld (esirable hoilne. I\Mr. Weller is i nterested il publ ic progress ahlong all lines of p)erianiit benfitt i nd contributes gellerously to the slupport of the Methodist Episcopal church, of w-hich his wife is a ileino:)er. Ie li has spent his; entire life ill this collultv alld is larvglely familiar with the history of its grlowth an(l upI)uilding. lie assisted in the construction of the (rcand Trunk IRailroad an(d has been ildenltified with mlany public interests that have )proven of tllarked value to the collnty. IIe votes with the republican party and although he has never sought nor desired office ie has always been a useful citizen, living an exermplary life and having the good will and trust of the entire 1com1munity. VICTOR A. MOROSS. Victor A. iMoross is a representative of one of the earliest families of Michigan, and traces his ancestry back to Ilenry of Navarre of France, whence representatives of the name came to America at a very early day. The great-grandfather, Antoine Moross, having come to this continent with Montcalm's army, was in conmmand of a portion of it during the battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1763. After the surrender of Montcalm, he, with a number of the higher officers, came to Detroit. Ile was the first of the name to settle in Michigan, taking up his abode in Wayne county on the Detroit river, opposite what is now known as Belle Isle. tle was the father of seven children, the eldest being his son, Ignace Mloross, who took up his abode at the mouth of the Clinton river in 1807. At one time he was known as the largest seed wheat raiser in Michigan. lie also was the owner of the first boat that plied on this river, mlaking freqluent trips fron( its mouth to (Detroit. Ile was born i ini Wayne county, Iichigal, and spent his entire life. between l)etlroit anld Alounlt (lemns, living at variious lpoints. I:e was a, contractor and builder. Ile served as a soldier in the war of 1812, being a captain of the artillery. lie particilpated in the battle of AImackinaw, and at the tiile the English captured i)etroit hie was lmma(le a prisoner. While a prisoner of war he was forced to assist in hewing the timber to build one of the war vessels for the Eiglish that took an active part in the battle on Lake Erie,. At the close of the war he returined to his homne, then at the moutth of the Clinton river. In later years he and his son, Antoine AMoross, the father of our subject, were the first to raft lumbler throlugh I ake St. Clair to Detroit. lie was a g1' eat horsemlan, at one tiule owning the fastest horse betweeln Monro(e Iald St. Clair. HIis death occurred when hle had reachedl the advanced age of eighty-ninie years, being buried at Grosse Pointe, in Wayne county. Antoine MIoross, father of our subject. was bor:n inl Wayne county, Michigan, a(nd was taken to MIacomlb countyv by his father. Iglrnace Aoross, when twelve years of age. and during his business career, followed farmin(fg and lunmbering. I e was coimmissioned ensign of volunteers b)y Iewis Cass, in 1827, anld I)roved a very efficient officer during several encounters with the Indians, and was held in great respect by thelm, being called by them, '"Twelnalshas," mneaning "IHeap Big Chief." 'This namle he received because of his utter fearlessness of thermn. It is related that at one tiime, after one of their raids, he went anmong them, single-handed ad clone, a nd recovered cattle and horses which they had stolen, and administered a reprin and to themn. le narried Mi:iss Cecelia T'rmonbly, a d(aughter of Thomas Trombly, and settled at the lmoth of the Clinton river, until 1829, when he took up his residence just outside of the city of Mount Clemens. He helped survey the military state road from Detroit to Fort (Gratiot. now known as Gratiot road. His wxife enjoyed the distinction of being the first woman who rode from Mount Clemens to MRS. V. A. A MOROSS ANTOINE MOROSS V. A. MOROSS MRS. ANTOINE MOROSS PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY'9 195 Detroit, a~fter the road had been cut throngh a vast forest of solid timber, not passing a singl(-e house, on her journey. He was closely a,,ssociated with the material developmnent of M_.aeaoib county, andl (lied at the age of sevenity-uiiine y.ea~rs, while his wife passed atway at the age of fifty-ninie years. They were the parents of six children, of whom \Vietor A. w is the fourth in order of burth. Those Ihviun are Ignlace, of New Baltiluore ( N t(oP and Mary, the wife of Fra'nk ~revo~st, ot lomint Clemens. Those (l(ceasedl are1 Anl a1 Jose ph, Vand Calista. Vi(ctor Ai -i\,[oross, wavs lborn in MAlount Ciein us, IAF(1)1 ary 1-7, 1833, beinig the thirid o'euiirat ioul of MAorosses horn in Hi\ihi o'c1 ife p)iiIsited his ( dll( ittion In the distriet sc1ool15 of _Aounit (, Uime 's,and ini Notre Damle U~niversitv, of mndicain i whiere he eomipleted his stnd( s ini 1854i Il~e alfterward engaged iii farming on land, wxhieh is now ineluded in flu 6tvi limits of' \I-ont Clemens. Later he we nt to I)eProit mud learned the mason's tra'-de an1ti alssoiateii(d wx th his brother Joseph A.n the emntr~aetiui" anld buildin8lin,11e. At that tuner they xx\ver( amongy the foremiiost of lDetroit's cont'ractors. After several years hle returned to M,\ount Clemenis, following the samie line of lbusismess,,andi erected af number of the p,'romimenmt bulildings, ineludingr the Chamtbers a-nd Stewarit buiflding, the MAounti (Clenmeiis Brewery wxxxhat is iiow knowvn as the MAedea. Cottage -,and the Lexington hotel, whieh wNias ereeted for his private residlenee and whieli was used as a county buildmng during the ereetion of the -Macomb couinty eourthouse iM 1880. His excellent workmanship and his fidelity to the termns of his eontracts seecured hime a liberal pa,-tronaage, and one whieh lie justly deserved. lie is miow liviing a retired life, having secured a, comfortable eompetence as the result of his enterprise and well directed efforts. On the 30th of April-, 1866, M.\r. MAoross was united in -marricage to Miss 1Philomena Lal~adi, who ie ii 89 t the -age of fifty years. Their children were as follows: George A. and Hhelena, now deceased; Cecilia HI., the wife of David Graiidy; Charles V., proprietor of the, Mount Clemiens Transfer Company; May Belle M.arie; Margaret Ri., aiind Victo ria G~loria. Mr. M\,or'oss is a democrat iii his political views and lie served for three years as towiiship treasurer. lie has also 'been a delegate to the county and state conventions, and is iiiterested in all that pertains to the success and growth of his party. TI-e belonigs to the Mount Clemens Hunting and Fishing Club, and in fact was one of its orgamiizers. H-e belongs to the "Old Crowd, to the Knights of Colunibus and is a miemnber of St. Peter 's Catholic church,. He represents one of the, prominent pionieer faimiilies of this hart of the state, the Moross famnily haying( had much to do with its early settlement, wN7Iith the cle'mirini of the timiber, the developiiient of the luid and wvith the. work of reclaimino11( this district for the purpose of civilization Mu ioross recalls -many mi deiits conicernimn the early dalys wh11en in hIls boyhood hie be nuic familifar with the coni(ditions of pioneeri life. his has beeii anr honora~ble, uisifiul muid active career, and lie miuax- well bcl)(sse15(d with the, represeutativtmuieni and vaflued citizens of i-lount Clememus, A\I icluga1 i (8I.,E RDINANI) WOLFF. Ferdliiaiid Wolff is a- miat~ive of Fridberg, G4ernuany, bornl S_-epteitber 8, 18'81, his parents bim Johm 'mid Mumrx (Schniidt) Wolff, who iveuc also miativx (5if tim it couintry, where they spemit ther entnr liv es, (indl the father behoino)ed to afaimilx of six clnldren hie beingf the eldest. All livecd aind died iii G1ermiany, John Wolff' passmiing aw'y in 1848, when fiftyone years of age. H-1is, son Robert Wolff, camie from (A. 1eriaf-ny to Aia mrica in 1864 and followed the. slioeitiu lkers Pride in Bay City, i\fIichiganii, where hie yet resides. Ferdinand Wolff, whose iiame introduces this rex-iew, spent the clays of his boyhood and youth in his native land,amid puri-sued his education in. the pulblic schools there. lie was seventeen years of age at the time of his fatlmer's death. Eventually lie caine to Anmeric~a, lbelieviiig that he iighit have better business olpportunities in the niewN world. It was iii 1868 that he crossed the Atlaiitilcatn in New Baltimiore, MN [aconinb county, where he followved the shoeniaker 's trade, whiceh he had. learned iii Germany, having entered upon an apprenticeship to that work when thirteen years of age. Opening a shoe shop in Mount Clenmens in the latter part of the year 1863, lie conducted business in that way until 1885, when he established a gemieral shoe store which he has since conducted at his present location. During the year 1903 he remnodeled and enlarged the store and now has a very attractive place of business in wvhich he is enjoying a good patronage. On the 18th of May, 1855, Mr. Wolff was miarried to Amelia Lambrecht, a daughter of I96 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY John Lanibrecht, a native of Germany, the family coming to the United States in 1864 and settling in Macomb county. lie afterward went to Bay City, Michigan, and later to Chicago, Illinois, where he died in 1893, at the age of seventy-eight years. The brothers and sisters of Mrs. Wolff are as follows: Godhelp Lambrecht, who is a clergyman of a German Evangelical church in Chicago; John, who is pastor of a German Evangelieal church in Detroit; Gustav, who is living at Frankfort Station, Illinois, also a pastor of the Gerllan Evangelical church; Charles, Julius and Edward, who are shoemakers of Bay City, Michigan. In 1904 Mr. Wolff was called upon to imourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 23d of July, of that year, when seventy-eight years of age. Their children were: Annie, the wife of Itenry Kettler, of Mount Clemens; Richard, of this city; August J., who is in business with his father; Augusta, who died in Germany; Mary, who became the wife of Rudolph Oesterich, of Mount Clemens, and died in November, 1883, at the age of twentyone years; Charles; and Herman. AMr. Wolff also has three grandchildren and two greatgrandchildren. The grandchildren are: Ferdinand A. and IHerma Wolff, children of Hlernianl Wolff. and H1arry, son of Richard Wolff, while the great-gra ndchildren are Bernard and Walter, sons of Barney Diehl. Ferdinand Wolff is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Arbeiter Unterstulzungs Society. IIe is a hitgh type of the (Germian-American citizen, who, on leaving the fatherland, has become a loyal advocate of the constitution of the United States, taking an active interest in the progress of the country and assisting in the local improvement. Hle has advanced in his business career through faithful, honest labor and is recognized as a valued citizen, kind and indulgent to his family, generous with his friends and loyal to every trust reposed in him. August J. Wolff, who is in partnership with his father in the boot and shoe business, was born, January 4, 1871. Ire was educated in the public and high schools of Mount Clemens and in a private school, and he entered upon his business career in his father's store, being admitted to partnership in 1893, under the firm name of F. Wolff & Son. The business has prospered as the years have gone by and they are now enjoying a gratifying patronage. On the 6th of April, 1899, August Wolff was married to Julia Bobcean, a daughter of Chlarles Bobcean, of Macomb county, and they have one child, Elmer A. August J. Wolff is a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and is also connected with the fire departmIent of Mount Clemens. LEWIS P. MAY, 5M. 1). Lewtis P. May, representing the nledical fraternity as one of its leadling mlemllbers amn a mn1an1 influential in community affairs in New Baltimlore, was born in Charleston, T ioga county, Pennsylvania, April 1, 1854, his parents beinog Iavid B. and AMarie (French) Iay, the former a native of New Ilampshire and the latter of Connecticut. lThe paternal grandfather, Waldo Maly, was a native of Massachusetts and removed to Pennsylvania, where he spent his last years. In 1857 the parents removed to In ghamn county, Iichigan, where the father spent his last days, devoting his time and energies to farming,. lIe died in the year 1894 and is yet survived by his wife. I)r. May was educated in the public schools of his native town until thirteen years of age, when lie accomipanied his parents on their rel:oval to this state. lie afterward continued his studies in Inghanm county and )pursued a course in the high school at Mason, Alichigan. Iis early youth was spent upon his father's farm and in later years lie devoted his attention to the farm work through the summler months, while in winter seasons lie engaged in teaching in Ingham county, following that profession through five winter terms. I)esiring, however, to make the practice of medicine his life work he entered upon his study under the direction of Dr. II. II. Cook, of Mason, Michigan, and further continued his course in the I)etroit Medical College, from which lie was graduated in the class of 1881. Ile then began practice in connection with his former preceptor, Dr. Cook. This partnership was continued for a few months, and Dr. May engaged in practice alone in Mason for two and a half years. I-e then removed to Gagetown, Tuscola county, Mlichigan, where he practiced for a few months and later spent a short time at Hlolt, Michigan, whence ihe came to New Baltimore, in November, 1884. Here he has since resided and has been very successful in his practice, for he has demonstrated his ability to cope with the complex problems which continually meet the physician. ITe is a member of the Macomb Medical Society rein and reading and investigation have PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I97 kept hin in touch with the progress that is continually made by the medical fraternity. On the 1st of April, 1884, Dr. May was married to Miss Nellie Iluntley, a daughter of Lee Huntley, of Ingham county. Their children are Laura AM., L. Phillip and Mlarguerite. Dr. Mlay is a lmemlber of the Royal Arcanum, with which he has been identified since Decenber, 1881, and for sonme time he has served as secretary. lIe is quite prominent in community affairs in his village and has been called to serve in several positions of public trust. lie has been village assessor for sixteen years, was custom house officer during president Cleveland's second administration, has been village trustee and hals served as school director since 1893. Ile has likewise been health officer of the village and of Chesterfield township for fifteen years. No public trust reposed in himn has ever lieen betrayed in the slightest degree. lie occupies a creditable position in his profession, being true to a high standard of professional, ethics. lie is a man of kindly disposition, genial and courteous, and these qualities have been factors in his success as well as his knowlledge and skill in the administration of remte(llial agencies which he employs. JOSEPH IMMEN. Joseph Inmen, a retired farmler living in Mlount Clemelns, is one of the original mnembers of the republican party, having voted for John C. Fremont. fle has always been interested in matters pertaining to the general wAelfare alonlg political and other lines and his co-operation can ever ble counted upon for the furtherance of any movement for the public good. lIe is a native of (lasgow, Scotland, born January 19, 1835, and his parents weere Johl and Mary Anni (Webb) 111ume1. The father was born in Hanover, (Germany, and then w ent to London, but hle afterward retulrned to (Germany and thence came to America in 1850, taking upl his abode in IMaconmb counlty, AMichiganl. lie was married, in England, to Miss Mary Ann Webb, a native of LonIdon. Following his arrival in this county lie settled onl section 5, Clinton township, where lhe purchased a tract f, pat of lad, pat of which he cleared, developing it into a fine farim. For many years he figured as one of the leading algriculturists of his colmnunity and he died il 1881. at the age of eighty-one years, while his wife passed away in 1893, at the very advanced age of eigfhty-nine years. They were the parents of six children. Those living are: Frederick, who resides in Grand Rapids, Michigan; Louisa, the wife of Ira Kniffin, of Maconmb township; Emma, the wife of Ernest Coulon, of Mlount Clemens, and Joseph. Those deceased are: John and Mary Ann, the former having passed away October 3, 1904, at the age of seventy-four years. In his early life Joseph Immen iwlas taken to Germany by his parents and there began his education, which he continued in the public schools of Clinton township. In his boyhood days he worked on his father's farm and when a yountg iman lhe also began working at lulmbering, being employed first in the mills of Smlith & I)ight, iln Huron county, Michigan. In 1857, however, he took up his abode on a farln in Clinton township, which he cultivated for several years. There lie lived continuously for twenty years with the exception of the period wAhich lhe spent in the arlmy. Ie then removed to Mount Cleniens, in 1889, and erected his present homlle at No. 43 Lincoln avenue, in which he has since lived retired. As an agriculturist he was industrious and enterprising, placing his fields undler a high state of cultivation and annually harvesting rich crops as the result of the care and labor which he bestowed upon his place. His rest is, therefore. justly earned and richly deserved. In Se)pember, 1864, Mr. Immlen responded to his coluntry's call for aid and enlisted as a private of Comlpany F, 'Twenty-second Mlichigaan Infanltry. I e was mustered in at Pontiac, MIichihganl, and thence went to Atlanta, acting as guard at General lhomlas' headquarters. IIe was there stationed until the arrival of IIood. Ile waNs ill writh internmittent fever at Chattanooga, subsequent to which time he was iiustered out at Nashville, Tennessee, in June, 1865. lle then returned to his farmn, where he relmained until his removal to M\ount Clemens. As a soldier lie was brave and loyal, nlever faltering in the performance of any duty assigned to him, and thus lie made a good military record. On) the 17th of September, 1857, Mr. Immlnen was united in marriage to Miss Millie Axtell, wh-o was born on January 23, 1837, a daughter of Samuel L. and Nancy (Sanders) Axtell, of Morristown, New Jersey. Mrs. Inmnen was born in Morristown in the house which had been occupied by her great-grandfather. The ancestry of the family can be traced back to Thomas Axtell, who became a resident of Massachusetts in 1642. Samuel L. Axtell, the father of Mlrs. Innen, served as a colonel of i98 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the militia in the war of 1812, and his grandfather, Major Henry Axtel, served in the Revolutionary war with Washington. In 1841 Samuel Ri. Axtell brought his family to Clinton township, Macomtb county, Michigan, settling iIpon al farm which he cultivated and unproved. IIis political allegiance was given to the repuiblican party and his religious faith was tint of tbe iPresbvterian chiurch. Ile died ii June, 183?l, at the a(e of sixty-tbiree 3' t ii 5 \hike bis Wif(, lon g survivuig hnii diedI in MXfount Ch miiens in 1881 at the, a(Ye of eiJbtvy nmc ars. i5Mrs. Iminiiien mAnd h(r sister Niney~, who is now the widolwv of Jai-nns Alexinduer, tie their only surviving mcud ( b ess of ao family of tw tlv children. Mrs Iumen hid a lirother, Baud. BAxtell, wbo reaiched prominence in lat e lif, hiavincy beeii adniiitted tc the bar in d~acomi)ib countv anud wis coni-ressm1an from. Califoiinia, and later was governor of New M1exi(o o er brlotheu, Dr. D Julian ii Axtell, a prlacticino gphysician, of MNfount Clem, enis, died inl 1872, ait the age of thntrythree, years, as the rieult of Nvouinds sustained while fightin(g with the aiimy of the Potomiiac, being, a member of the Unioni arniy during the Civil war for four vyeairs. i-le enlisted in Conmpany B, First ]1\ichigan Infantry and served four years. Mrs. Imiiiien has been a resident of this county for sixty-four years and her memory goes back to the pioneer times when there were many difficulties arid hardships, to be met, when the land was wild and unimproved and the work of progress and civilization seemed scarcely bieguuii. The wolves were heard howling at iight and there was coisiderable wild game. Joseph Iinmen has beei an interested and active supporter of the republican partty since its organization. Ile cast bis first presidential vote for John C. Fremiont in 1856, aiid was chairiian of the Freniont Voters aid represented Macormb county in the re-inion which was held at Jacksoi, Michigan, in 1904, to celebrate the organization of the party. There are now living in Nlacomb county fifty nien who were snpporters of Freniont, more than half a century ago. In Huron county Mr. Imnien aided in surveying the boundary line at an early day when this part of the state was alniost an unbroken wilderness. Bears were still seen in the forest and there were many other wild animals. Large herds of deer were frequently seen and venison was no unusual dish upon the table of the pioneer. I Mr. Immen has for seventeen years been a, member of H. D. Terry Post, No. 216, G. A. R., t of Mount Clemens, has always taken an active interest in its work, has served as its commnander and is iow cliaplai:i. Altliough reeared in the Lutheran faith, le became a inmember of the Presbyteriaii church of Howell, Mlicehigan, in his earlier days. Mlore thai half a century has passed since Mr. Iniamen caine to Mlacoimb county and throughout this long, period lie. has been the eha iiipioni of every measure for general, progress and ii~l )mrovelaenit. le is, tberefore, justly accorded a place amongo the prominent aiid rep)re'sentat ive citizeiis of thils portioii of the state. h1t IIL\hlfl) LEUISCIINEtI, M. 1). l)i. 1-ichahiJ Leuselbuer, whose thorouo-h prehittlilary aiig skill inl the application of his know ledge anid valuable coiitributiOiis to inecdical literature, have made him. one of the distini i nilhed relreseitatives of the iiiedical frat(eiiitv in the middile west, was born in -Detroit, Mliefiolari October 26, 1858, a soii of Otto and Caroliiie (Hiiuiburg) Lenseblner. Ilis paternal g-raiidfather, John (Ji)4ristianl Leuischner, was a, selioolniaster of Ij'eipsie, Geraniaiiy, aiid during the war of 1812 lie saved a regimeiit of soldiers by taking themn to a wood until the French ariy had passed. The niaterial grandfather, a druggist and Iproiiineit in pliblic affairs in Borken, (Germany, served as mayor ard in other offices in his town for forty years. He died at the advanced age of cighty-nine. Otto Eeueschner was a pioiieer cheiiist of Detroit anid for inany years conducted the Iiteriationial Drug Store of that city. lie (ied in 1868, at the age of forty-six years. ile had eiiigrated from. Germany to Aiierica in the '50s and was niarried in the new world. le aiid bis wife were the only ieniibers of their respective families to comle to the Utnited States. Sevei children were born unto them: Otto and Robert, who are residents of C;hicag-o; Richard; George W., of Detroit, Michigan; Paul, a practicing physician of onount Cleniens; Eugenia, wife of W. E. Ilennze, of Detroit; and Arinn, a professor of mnatheiatics and astrononiv in the University of California. i)r. Leusehuer was a strdent in the Germnlan-Amnerican schools of Detroit between the ages of five and eleven years and later attended Barstow school at Detroit. In 1873 his mnother took huma and his brother Paul to Jermnany, where they continued their education in the schools of Kassel aud Dresden, tud Dr. Leuschuer became a graduate phlar RII((1AIARIl) I IEINTCII NERt. I. ). PAST A-N) PRESENT OF MACOYAB COUNTY20 20I nun sist in 180. Ile then returned to [)etroit, whelre he li(teredJ the employ of Parke, _Daviis &Comtpanyv, as assistant ceit, filng thiat P)ositlim for two years, after which he con'ducted the (druo8 store foriningio a part of his f ithers estate Hle manjaged the busian ss until, 1886, wheni lie returned to Europe, -xixlelr lie prejiared for the study of niedicinie 1y fifteen months' jpi liminary, study. Il ficten returned- to D(etroit an I- entered the Mlichiganm College of Mh dicmte and Snrgery, from which lie was gar idiated in 1892. l~e p~racticed for one year in Detr oit and then removed to Mlouiit Clena emis in Janiuary, 1893. Here lie again began practice and was not longo inl win ni-iig a- fore most jiosition among the represenitatives of the mne~licial frtert inity of this city. Ile is to-day a recognized 'inthority ]in A ierica upon rheumatic (discist s. haviiig" mnade a close -and thorouph study of this line of practice, andI through his 01iginal investig~ations haks ggleaniie m-any ihhiable truthis which lie, has given to the medical wverlIl throug-h his contriliitioiis to tin lit irature of tlhe jprofessioii. Ile now largely conhuiies his -attention to bathing" practice, made J)5ibethroughi the, slplend Id miiierai springs of thils locality. Ile has writteni a niuniber of articles coiicerniiig the value, of the springs here, and has goneo -abroad to study the iiature of the springs of the old world aind the methods,-, of treatmeiit of patients at the niost fanmous health resorts of Emrope. Writing of his trip in 1900 to the ''M(diecal News,"' of New York, he said "A CMiSi.l erablhe n5ortion (of my1 leisure time wi(is spe ut in the more promnieiit a mid reiiownt id wateit(ming places of (Ae ruI anv amid" Austrica, xxvith a i ew of hivestig(atiiig' the iiieaeris and neit ail virtues of their resliectivye waters, layuini special stress uponj the ir studiy froum a chemiiiiaI, phiysiolo~gical. and1 thercapeutic standpoint', and devotiiig part of imy timre to olbtainino), some coinpreheiisioii of the a-uxiliary imetliods ini vogue pertaiimmg to diet, hygniene, etc., in order to comtpare them wvith thme bcaths and the iietliots employed at Al ount Clemens, and, If pra etica 1)1e, to apiply suhel inimovations and foreign inca sures to the best (advanitage in fostering" a ii(l stren otlieiiiiig the imerits and repmitatioim of our own salub~rious snlplio-salinies. It is universally conceded by medical autinirities that the milnute and systematic attetition accorded to these particular hrainehes of nuedicinic, to physical culture, and1 to detail wokiignral, as exemplified in the waterinig places of Enropc, has contribnted ini no small measure to their fame as health resorts.'' I)r. Ljeusehuner therefore sjpeiit considerab~le time in study amid investig~ation of these points at the various resorts of promiinience aiid also at many of the minor ones of Europe and in his article continued: ''No matter how exact the Amierican physician may be in the examination of his patieiits aiid iii explaining the inportance of dietary, hyg-ienici ami( other pirecautions, patients are very aipt to transg-ress aiid nncon.sciously break away from the rules and advice gvmven. The whole environment, including the,attitude of the laity, leads them to the impesson that all that is miecessaryi to 'unip iiito a, bathtub or drink enough water antid Providence wvili watch over the rest. Soulday-thinig unforeseen happen afterward, the bla me is naturally sa id qjuickJy attributed to the suppose-d inefficiency of the wxaters. In all probability, some of the sprmiigrs, Mount Clemens included, would have risen to a higher plane of recognitioii and earned their scientific standing and succeswth the atte-ndinig prestig-e in the eyes of the medical world, eveii iin a much shorter space oif tiimie tlnmn they alrea-dy have if, at the veryv iiiceltion of the disco very of the therapeutifc value,, miore attenition had been accorded the imivestig~ation aind studyoth physiological action and effect anti chemical Coimposition of their waters. Iii late years AMount (Clemmens, taking cognizance of the atlvaiitages of miedical research, has steadily beeim emergying froimi a chaos of empirical applicatoion, adapting, itself to the more miodern niethods of bahI uo-therapy, tliet and hygiene, coiiinensurate with the evolutioii of scientific antI coimumercial progress. ' Iii a paniphlet wrtteni by Br. Leuseliner lie, says ''These xxaters come under the classificatiiomi of the sutlphlio-br-om~o-iodlo-sailinies, havye Ca mean tenip~erafture of mbout fifty degrees, and are very riach ili iianx- ]miieral salts, chiefly among them chloridite ofl sodiuii anti chloritle of magnesnin, amitl oive off the penetrating) aiid pun peiit totoo of suiphiuretted hyciro gen gas. Ile is medical director for the new Oritzinal1 Spii mug -Bathhouse aiid Sanitarium, wxhichi, xx ith thenr spleiidid, equipments, have every facility for prtomotinig thme work of thie water, aiid nnder time guidance tof Dr. Leusehincr, after thorough examnimation macic by him', the tdiet, exercise amit other auxiliaries are prescribed by himi anti metlicinal remuetlies given, whien required. -Dr. LEusehiner was miarried, in 1882, to Mliss Julia Pfeiffer, of lBuffalo, New York. Ile has one sonii Edgar, eleven years of age. 202 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Hle has close connection with the medical fraternity, being a member of the American Medical Society, Eastern District Medical Society, Michigan State Medical Society, Maceotlb County iledical Society and an honorary member of the Wayne County Medical Society. In the line of his specialty he has lmadle rapid progress and gainied a position of prestige, being regarded throughout the country as an authority in this particulat- department of practice. JOSEPHII RYMAN. One of the most energetic anld progressive farnlers of Chesterfield township is Joseph Rynman, who has spent his entire lie in that locality, beingr born in the saine township, Mlarch 6, 1860, a son of Joseph and Teressa (Seifert) RIyman, who were natives of Geriaivny. His father was born on the 25th of Jine, 1824, and spent his boyhood and youth in the fatherland. Crossing the Atlantic, he came to Mlichigan in 1855 and settled in Chesterfield township, Macomb county, buying three acres of land on the Roinleo plank roacd, where he lived for twelve years while working at the cooper's trade for Mr. Ilurlgreen, in New Baltimlore. At the end of that time he bought thirty acres of land on section 11, the same township, from John De Shay, and built thereon a house, into which the family moved. IHe sold his three-acre tract to Mr. Seifert and in 1875 purchased forty acres of James tHarts, this being a part of the farmn now owned by our subject. In 1885 he added to his property forty acres of the Andrew Ross farm, and after following the cooper's trade for twenty-five years he gave his entire time and attentioll to agricultural pursuits throughout the remainder of his life. Ile died on the 21st of September, 1900, honored and respected by all who knew him, being survived by his wife, who died May 15, 1904, and two of their five children, our subject being the younger. His sister Minnie is the wife of John Briggs, of Merrill, Saginaw county, Michigan. Joseph Ryman was educated in the district schools near his boyhood home and remained on his father's farm until 1890, when he sailed on the Great Lakes on the freight steamer Toledo, of the Ward line, running between Buffalo and West Superior. In the fall of that year he returned to the farm and continued to assist in its operation until his father's death, when he received a deed to one hundred and ten acres. Ile has made many im provemenits upon the place, including the erection of ai handsome residence in 1901, and in 1904 he built two large barns, one of which he uses for the shelter of stock. Both are equipped with the latest apparatus for unloading hay or grain and in every way are:lodlerln alnd upto-date. On the 18th of Octoberl 189:, 189, Mr. llRyian was united in Nlarriage to Aliss Bertha lIohesnee, a daug'hter of Fiel(lerick aild Caroline (Seibert) Ioheslee II Her:father was killed in the Franco-lPrlssian war of 18(70-71 while serving in the IPrll:sian iiarly. into AiMr. and Mrs. iyman were born six children, but Rtosa, the secolnd in ordler of birth, (tiedI ill infancy. Those still living are \IarCy Tleressa, Clarence Joseplh, Jennie, (Xenlevieve iand Rfuth. In business affairs AMr. Iyman is prompt, energetic and reliabll.e and is Iteeting withl excellent success. IIe is now oiie of the stockholders of the New Baltimore Elevator (Conpany. Fraternally he is a lmemll er of Lakesidle tent, No. 158, K. O. T. M., in which he has served as master at armls. ROBERT A. IEATIr. Robert A. Tleath, who is a leading business man of New Baltimore Candl has also been priomilent in cotmlection with the affairs of public office in the town, was hlere born June 27, 1868, his parents being AMIilo and Elizabeth (Donahue) leath. The father was born in Livilngston county, New York, Apriil 22. 1844, and twas a son of Andrew J. Ilealth, who canme with his famlily to AMichigfln, in 1850. settling, at Almont, Lapeer c oumty, aniid becomnig a residcnt of New Baltimore, Macoib county, in 1853. D. Milo Ileath learned the harness maker's trade in his youth and twas engaged in that business from 1863 until the tinle of his death. IHe was macrried in 1866, to MIiss Elizabeth L. Donahue, who died in 1876, leaving three children: Robert, Percy and Oakes, all of whom are residents of MaIcolml county. In April, 1880, the father againI married, his second union being with Alice E. Smith, by whom he had one child, Eva. Mr. IHeath was the first recorder in New Baltimore, serving in that position for several terms, and. he was notary public for more than twenty years. In 1869 he became deputy collector and in 1870 postmaster and occupied both positions up to the time of his death. Hle was likewise a member of the school board and was always faithful and true to his public duties, which he discharged in a prompt and able manner. PAST AND PRESENT OF MTACOMB COUNTY20 203 Ile was promiinenut in public affairs and for many yer In s laino- representative of business mb t1rsts, eondueting a harness slioj) and stoirc onl the sanite location where his son Robert is nowi to lie found. Every incastire contributinoy to pul~jic p)rogress and unjproveinent receivedx Ililhsendorsement and hiearty co-operation Ilie died in 1895 while hsfirst wife passed away at the very early age of twenty-seven -years. RoIbert A. Iheath was ediliated in the public sehool s,, and Ini letyroit Business Universitv, from whi eii inst tution bie wa,,s gra duuated in 18863. ite sailed onl the (Grea~t Ecakes, until 18935n~ then succeeeced his faither in business1 -in New Baltimore. Ilie lias since lbeen aui active representative of the commaereial and Inl(Instrial interests of the eitv. Ilie is a stoekholdler and orgyanizer of the C rain Elevator ComApanyv of New Batltimore a ad arlso stockho1lder in the C bIesterlfield II otel of this pla cc. Ill 1898 lie was, appoinited postm aster under lPresident i\I Kinlev anil stilt holds that office. hIls political- allegaiance is givenl to the repuibliea-n party, Ilie has Ileen president of the village for two years andI is nowV Member of the council. Fratiermia1 ly lie is countected with the Mlodern Woodin-en oif Ameica. m Mr. Heath is a1 nman plain aiidonostenitatious inmu ianer but ipossesses good busiiness ablllty and Is help fuil Inl citizenlship an11d tli(e qt fllifl(aitioiis have ogained for him the respe ct anmd eonff1(hence Of those witli whom hie has lieei associated. RILEY WARNER. Ri'ley Warner owNns and operates a farni of two hundr-ed andl seventv-sevenl aeres and is aecouimted one of the slll)stantfial, a etive and pl'rogressli xe a grieulturists (If his Cominniunity. Thl-erle aire two sets of fim inbuildings upon his lplaee andc thie work of culti-x i1tioii that has been earriedi on there um ikes hils f inn a valnalble and desira~ble propety1 t It w Tis upon this Platce that hie was born iNoveciber 29, 1,850. a. 801 (If Robert aInd Lois, (Willey) Warner. The father was born in Out ario eouiity, Newi York, IDeeembetr 22, 1-811, anid wliehei a young10 man came westwN-ard to MAichigan, locating, iii Macomb county in 1880. Ilie was thus but nineteen years (If,age but hie l)ossessed a hope that the future held in store for hiii something worth while, amid hie resolved to gain success if it could be won through persisteuit, earniest effort. The opportunity comes to those who have resolution and determination. lie enteredl eighty acres of land f rom the gov emninent and begyai the arduous task of chopping- down the trees, clearing away the brush a~nd g-etting the fields ini readiness for cultivation. Thus in course of tiniie he opened up a good farm. As a comipanion and helpmate for life's journey hie chose Miss Lois Willey, who w~las born in New York, ilarch 24, 1813, and caine to Mlichigran with her parents, Mr. and Mr-s,. Isaac Willey, who were ami-ong thc early settlers here. Aillr. Warner eventually became the ow-ncr (If over three hundred acres of land,and p)uit up a, goodl residence, substantial barns -and outb il Idin gs and labored earnestly along p)rogressive hunes uimtil his farm was In kcepingy with the best ini the county. licre lic reared his faniilly a,-nd spent his last clays, passing awN'ayv March 22, 1888. le was promnineiit in puillic affairs, giving~ his influence in support (If every movement that tended to promote the general good, and for omic or more ternis lie served as justice of the peace althoughyl lie was never,air aspirant for office. -his wife survived hini and passed away Aug~ust 31, 1889. In the faniily were six children. three 501n5 and thnee daughiters, all of wNhomi reached mature ye'mrs anti our subject and the daughlters ame y ~et living. The others are: Clarissa, the wife oif Natlmin iHinkley, a farmner of Maui mcet Michigan; Rosetta, the wvI'fe of Eli.M\evers, i Inam-ier of Rcay township, and Loretta, the wxidow- of William Ellis. 'She owns a Lu rin adjoining the old liomestea d. One b rotlier, Rolbert 11. was reared to manailood, iias narried. M.~ar-ch 8, 1868, to Almeda iHoughton, and] sottled iin ruscola eounty wx lere lie followed farmnmng. tie u-as a, soldier of the iwar of the Reielelion amid lie cliedi Auo ust 15, 1903. Mk~ilo Watrner wxas also a memiber oIf the Uiimioii army\ at the timie of the Civi l ixar amid after hi's return home lie ivas niarriecl', February 19, 18613, to Mary hlaili~t, (If M.\aeoi-nb county, and settled iii Tuiscola. county, 'Michigan, wxhere lie followed farnimigi( uintil his death, which occurred December 3, 1870. Riley Warner was reared amid educated iii the common schools. Ilie renmained with his father omi the (l~d homestead fariii and followingr the father 's death lie purchased the interests of the other heirs iii the place, and thus succeeded to the ownership of what has long beeui known as the Warner farm. He built a gyood house -upon his place and he has fenced it and put out fruit and shade trees and has made manyv substantial iniprovemnents ivhieh acid both to the value and attractive appearance. le is a member of the Creamery Association and is also a stockholder in โ€” the 204 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOM,!B COUNTY New Haven savings Bank at New Haven. lie is; likewise engaged in the dairy busines and his varied interests result in returning Inim a comfortable coinipetence. On the 31st of Decemiber, 1874, Mr. Warner was united in marriage to Miss Lovina V. Willev, a native of Ray township, who was reared and educated here and in Mfouni1t Cleiuens. She also attended school in Romeo to some extent and for four years prior to her mar~riage ssuccessfully engaged in teiaching. Unto Mrl.. and Mlrs. Warner hais been born son, MAilo S., who was educated at Romeo and is nowV, teaclingi( for tie fourth term in the homne school in Ray. They also lost two children: Clareiiee M., who died in infancy. and 1Liottie 0., who died Mlay 23, 1904. MAr. Warner belongs to the Grrang'e at Davis aind1 is its present masters. Ie is also a mciiiler of the i\Ilaccabees amid the, C(leaners, fraternal insura ne ordiers, while his political support has lbeeil given continuiously? to tile republicain p~arty since age gav\e to him the right of franchise. lie was elected and served as juistice -of the peace and haas also leen a member of tie school ioard for nine years. Ihis clntire life has been passed in M\aconib countv and when one examiles into his record they find that persistency of purpose and sound judgmiient have leel tie strongest elemcnts of his success. making, him a. mail whose place in the business world is reditabie. AUTGUTST BIEWER. There is no maii in M1ount Clemens whlo has domie more for tie upbuilding and imnproveiiieilt of tie city tian ilAngust Biewer and his life history, therefore, forms an im1 -portant chapter in its am11ials, so that it is imperative that mention lie made of him in this volume, Ile was born il Gerniany, i)ecemnber 26, 1842, and is a sor of Nicholas Biewer ', who was a, brewer of G'ermnany, which occupation had also been followed by his father and grandfather. Ills mnother bore the maiden name of G'-ertrude (Ganser, and both parents died in Glerimany. August Biewer was the only one of the family to come to Anmerica. Ile spent the days of his boyhood and youtl in his native land and there acquired his education. THe served three years in the G4erman army, and was in the war of 1866 against Austria. Becoming interested ii the tales that he heard concerning the new world, he decided to try his fortune here, believing that he would have better opportunities in the United States. Crossiig the Atlantic he made his way to Chicago, in October, 1867, and soon afterward went to D~etroit. In 1871 lie came to Mount Clemens, where he e.ibarked in the lbrewing bisiness and in 1878 lie established a brewery oil Clintoii river and later at his present location, at No. 22 Pine street. His plant hlas bien gradually enlarged aud improved and lIe iow has an extensive patronage from this locality and the state. While conductinw a su~ccessful lnsiness enterprise Mr. lliewer has done inuceh for thle upbuilding of MAIoiiunt Clemens, and has been identified with many of its m11ost propcrouis industries. No nmovenient for the gYeneral oood seekis his aid ant co-operation ill vain and his eftforts have been far-reaching and beneficial in the upbuilditigo, and substantial growth here. Iii 1871 occiu rred the niarriaoge of Mr. Bie-u'er auidl Mulss Exol Willitts, who was born in Ma"'coiib county, _Michigan, and they have 'iwvo dhilden-Elli Isabella and August. M rs..hiewer departed this life February 18, 19015, and her remains were interred ii the Cathoiie ceni-eterv. She was an estimable lady of mally virtues and proved a valuable helpimate to her husband on life's joriiy. Mr. Biewer has been a member of the Knights of Maccabecs since 1886, and is also coinetAed withL the Fraternal Order of Eagles AI ed Arbeiter Society. Ile has traveled extensively, has been to Europe seven tunes ancd ilas visited all the leading countries oi that coitinent. The hope that led him to seek a bomte in the new world has been more than realized. IHe possesses thIe spirit of determi'natioii and energy wilvicli has through ecuturies led the Teutonic race to become tile founders of civilization ii various parts of the world. With strong coura,2.ige,and unfalteriig, diligence lhe bceo-mn life ini the United S4tates and has stcaily advanced luntil to-day lie is one of tie p1 ospe(rous amid p)rollimeint residemuts of his adopted city. REV. HIERMANA N N (iTNDE'"I`T. Rev. lierinaun G undert traces his a nCer in direct line back to the year 1542, bcing a representative of one( of the, old faniiles of Stuttgart, G'ermany. Ile is desceloled in direct line from John George Glundert, whose son was Johann Clhristian Gundlert, while the latter's son vas Johann Christian Ludwig Gundert, the last nalmuled he r'* 'i' AUiTS'T BIEWER. MRS. AUGUST BIEWER J I I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 209 ing the grandfather of Hlermann Gundert, of Mount Clemens, and the well known secretary of the Bible Society of Wurteinberg. The above mentioned were all residents of Stuttgart. Dr. HIermann Gundert, born in Stuttgart in 1814, was a doctor of philosophy and was a missionary in East India, under supervision of the missionary society at Basle. In East India he spent his active life. lie was the founder of the Malabar Mission, and upon his retirement from the missionary field he returned to Germany. lie was also well known as an author, being the editor of three mnonthly Imagazines and other public ations. One of his notable works was the Malayalim and English dictionary, a copy of which is in possession of his son, IIermann (Gundert. Dr. (Gundert allarried Miss Julia Dubois, a native of Switzerland and both passed away in 1893. She traced her ancestry back to Francis IDubois, of Neufchatel, Switzerland, Isaac Dubois, of Neufchatel, to Isaac Frank Dubois of France. All of the children of Dr. and Mlrs. (Gundert, of whom Ilermann Gundert is the eldest, were born in Malabar, East India. Those still living are: lermann, Frederick and David, the last two being residents of Stuttgart. Those who have passed away are: Marie, who was the wife of Dr. John I-esse, a missionary in East India; Paul, who studied in Tubinger, the university near Stuttg(art; Samuel, who was a missionary and died in East India; and Christina, who died in infancy. Hermann Gundert acquired his early education in the public schools of (:ermany, having been taken to that country from East India by his parents when only seven years of age. lIe afterward pursued a scientific and literary course in the Royal Gylm1nasium, Stuttgart, founded by the king of Wurtelmberg and completing his studies he prepared for the ministry. Coming to the United States in 1862 he first located near Saginaw, Michigan, where he presided over a Bavarian settlement for a few months. In September, 1862, he took charge of a missionary chapel in Detroit, where he reniained for a year and a half and where he found his good wife. In April, 1864, he came to M-ount Clemlens, where lie founded the German Evangielical church, being the first organization of its denomination here. He continued as its pastor in active service for nearly forty years, when sickness compelled him to retire from active ministry there in June, 1903. In the meantime the little wooden church, formerly known as "M ount Clemens Academny," which was bought for three hundred and twenty-five dollars, was replaced by a large brick edifice, while the membership of the church was increased from thirty-five famailies to two hundred and fifty. The church prospered under his guidance, and it was with regret onl the part of pastor and people that he severed his connection therewith. lie is still enlgaged in: church work, however, assisting at different tilmes in the absence of the regullar pastor, and lie gives considerable of his attention to literary work. I e entered upon his pastorate in IMount Clenmens at a salary of two hundred and twenty-five dollars per year, and he and his family at first lived in part of the little wooden church. -Ie was wiilling to Imake any sacrifice that would promote the growth of his denomination here and extend its influence, and the German Evangelical church of Mount Clemens is a monument to his life of labor. Ile has always maintained the deepest friendship with its members, standinlg high with the people throughout Mount Clemiens, and not only the German citizenshipi here lit lmany American families have been miuml ered aitong his close friends. In middle age lie wrote considerable for German mlagazines and still continues to do so. Rev. (ullndert's love for his mother country is great, libt his love for his chosen home in,Michigan, where he has fought the larger number of life's battles, is still greater, and so lie has an-nounced his allegiance to the Ulnited States, becoming an American citizen in June, 19(04, that he might not only enjoy all the rights and privileges of his chosen country, but also express his gratitude. He has a deep and sincere love for this land and for the stars and stripes, and expects to spend his remaining days here. ITe still maintains relationship with the German Evangelical Synod of North America, and he has been a frequent delegate to its conventions, meeting there with representatives of the ministry from all parts of the country. On the 7th of April, 1863, Mr. Gundert was married to Miss Christina Huss, a daughter of Matthias and Christina (Huss) IIuss, of Detroit, and they have four children: Julia, the wife of Rev. Charles Mueller, pastor of a German Evangelical church of Chicago; Marie, the wife of Fred Krauseneck, of Mount Clemens; Emma, the deceased wife of Paul ITllrich, of Mount Clemens, and Christina, the wife of Henry Miller, of this city. That Mr. Gundert is a man of scholarly attainments, public sympathy and broad charity has been shadowed forth between the lines of 210 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY this review. Ile has given his life to the betterment of his fellowmen and while standing firm in the support of the right at all times, he nevertheless possesses a kindly spirit that brings him in sympathy with all his fellowmen and enables him to put forth effective effort to aid them. lie is to-day one of the honored residents of Mount Clemens and respected by all who know him. ARTtIUR TEATS. Arthur Teats, who is engaged in the manufacture of lumber and in the operation of a steam thresher, is well known as one of the leading citizens of Iarrison township, where he has filled the position of township clerk for seven or eight years. Iis birth occurred April 21, 1856, on the farm where he now resides, his parents being Edward and Hlarriet (Rackham) Teats, the former a native of the state of New York and the latter of England. Edward Teats was born about 1831 and in his boyhood days came with his parents to Michigan, the family home being established in Macomb county. He afterward purchased land and engaged in farming on his own account, securing as a companion and helpmate for life's journey Miss Harriet Rackham, who, though a native of England, was reared in Michigan. They traveled life's journey happily together for many years but were separated by the death of Mrs. Teats in 1888. Mr. Teats now makes his home in Mount Clemiens where he is living retired. In their family were three sons and eight daughters. Two of the sons reached mature years, but John died at the age of twenty-one years and Robert died in infancy. The sisters are all yet living. Arthur Teats was reared in Macomb county and his early education, acquired in the district schools, was supplemented by study in Mount Clemens. He remained with his father until he attained his majority after which he started out in life on his own account. Purchasing a steam thresher he has engaged in the threshing business for a number of years, being employed over a large territory, his services being in constant demand during the season. He also engages in the manufacture of lumber, having a portable sawmill which he moves from place to place where the business prospect justifies. Both branches of his business are proving profitable and he likewise gives his attention to the management of his farm, which, though small, is well improved. On the 6th of February, 1883, in Mount Clemens, Mr. Teats was united in marriage to Miss Mary L. Campan, a native of this county and a daughter of Frank Callpau, who was born in Detroit, Michigan, of French parentage. She is also a sister of Frank A. Campau, who isi represented elsewhere in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Teats have three children: Bessie, who occupies a business position il lMounlt Clemlens; Lottie, who is engaged inl clerking there; and Philip, a student in Mount Clemens. They also lost a son, Frank E., who died at the age of ten months. Politically Mr. Teats has been a life-long democrat and has filled the office of justice of the peace and township clerk, acting in the latter capacity for about eight years. His official service has ever been performed in a capable, painstaking and conscientious manner, whereby he has fully justified the trust reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. Ite and his wife hold membership in the Catholic church of Mount Clemens, and he belongs to the American League. While there have been no exciting chapters in his career his course has been imarked by fidelity to duty in all life's relations and as the years have passed he has gained not only success but an honorable name as well. ELDON WATERLOO, D. D. S. Dr. Eldon Waterloo, successfully engaged in the practice of dentistry in Richmond, was born in Columbus, St. Clair county, February 14, 1864, his parents being Alfred E. and Mary (Gillett) Waterloo, the former a native of England and the latter of New York. The grandfather, George Waterloo, also born in England, came to Michigxan in 1831, settling in Redford, near Detroit, while later he remroved to St. Clair county, where he spent his remaining days, following the stonemason's trade during the early years of his residence there and later engaging in farming. Alfred E. Waterloo was brought to Michigan in his boyhood days and was reared amid the wild scenes of frontier life. lie assisted in the arduous task of developing his father's farm and was connected with agricultural interests- in St. Clair county until 1890 when, having accumulated a comfortable competence through capable management and unremitting diligence, he retired from business life and took up his abode in Richmond, where he is now living. In his family were four children, three of whom survive. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 211 Dr. Walterloo, the third il order of birth, )egain ilis edulcation in the district schools and was g8radualted from the high school at Richmon(l. D)etermininm-g to engage in dentistry as a life wo(rk he becai) e a student in the dental departmenit of the lTUiversity of MIichigan, and on the colmpletion of a three years' cour:Se was graduated June 25, 1891, with the de(gree of I). 1). S. Ile then returned to Richllon1d a d shortly afterlward removed to (hicago,, where le renmained until the fall of 1893, when he agaimn came to Richmond. Here lhe lias a well (equipped of0fice supplied with all (lodernl alppliJanc(es for the careful conduct of his lbusiness and he now has a large practice (Irawn fro{m a wide extent of territory. lie keeps in touch with the most modern methods in dleltistry and hi; wor'k h1as given eminent satisfacti(,. In Felbrualrv, 1892, Dr. Waterloo was married to AMisUw AIltN Stevens, a native of Genesee collntX, Alichi'anl, and a daughter of E. R. Stevenls. Tlheir children are Ielen, Eldon land Vera. )r. W.aterloo lhas taken the deg'rees of the lodiLe g and council iln,Masonry and belongs to the Illde)peldent Order of Odd Feellows ilrnd the Imlproved Order of F0orester s. Ie is i,,,glectful of no public duty or olligation of citizenshi1p and at the saine timle l e (co)l(.eitrate,; his efforts upoi his Iprofessional labors an1d l(as gained the favorablle regard i(ot only o(f the (general public but of the other elibers of the dental fraternity as well. JOHIN F. 1DOWLING. John F. Dowling', engaged in the ogrocery lbuisiness in Moilunt Cllemlns, was born in Erin township, IAlacombll county, Septembl)er 13, 1S47, his pIarents heingl Thomas and Catherine (Maanning) Bo)wling, both natives of Ireland. The father becamle a resident of AIaco;b (county at an early day, assisted in the constructioil of the olld Clinton and Kalamazoo canal and was afterward enogaged iII boatbuilding', while his last days were devoted to farming il Erin township. 1Thro1ug)h a long period lhe fiaglured as one of the practical and progressive citizens of that locality and he died in 1897, at the very venierable age of niniety-three years. Ile was instrumental in chanlg.in the naell of Orange t()ownship to Erin township, the first name being objectionable to a large numibler of residents there. Ilis wife (lied in 1899, at the age of eightyseven years. T'hey were the parents of nine chilldreni, John F. being the third in order of birth. Those living are: John, a farmer and lumeberiman of Chatham, Ontario; John.F., of this review; Thonlas, a farmer at Evart, Aichigian. William, who is living on the }homestead farm in Erin township; James, a ra1nchllman at Ilelena, Montana; Michael, a lumberman of Bay City, Michigan, and Edwtard, who is eilployed in the Westinghouse Electric Works at I)etroit. Those deceased are Jo-selh and Anna J. John F. Dowling pursued his education in a log schoolhouse in Erin township, being reared here alli(d pioneer surroundings and environmnents. lie learned the trade of a carpenter and joiner, which he followed for fourteen years and in 1881 he took up his ai)ode in Mount Clelmens, w here he became a factor in imercantile circles as a dealer in hardwadi-re and imlplellents. IIe followed this lilne of businless for twelve years, whlen lie soldl ou(t. lie w-as then elected city treasurer in 1890, and served in that office for four years. lie was aftelrward-l elected city marshal, acting in thlat capacity for two years. 1(ld in 189)6 le opened a ~grocery store at No. 81 (' raInd aveine where lie iiow c (oltillles, liaviing built up a good trade to ( wlich his ereditable imethods a-(nd uimtirilng eiiergy well entitle him. lMr. Dowling waAs marlried July 3, 1879, to 5Miss Margaret O'Hlare. a dau(1 hter of lIiugh alld AMary O'lIare, botlh native(s of Ireland. Their children w ere: John F., who died IMay 22, 1904, at the age of t-welty-thlree years; T'homais \Williami, of the UInit(ed States armiiiy who served ill Culba and the Philipplines alnd inl 190(5 re-enlisted: -and; Ilugh F'rederiek, at ],oie. IMr. I)ow liii is a stanch dleiioc.rit, having votel for the l)arty since lie (cast his first presideitial ballot for MAeClellamt. lie is a reliablle and trilstwor thiy citizen, firmi in hliS convictions 1ad lunlfalterinog in acny course Xwhich lie believes to be rioght. IIe has miany good( q(ualities which have ( ained him the trust and respect of his fellow townsmlsen, land is a sonl of Iacomb countv whose course is cretlital)le to the place of his nativity. WILLIAM ItOTITAM. William Ilotham, a dairyman and farmer of Sterling township, living on section 24, w-as born MIarch 9, 1832, in Bloomfield, Oaklanud county, Miclhigan. The family is of English lineage. Iis parents were Ricard 212 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY and Jane liotham, who came from England about 1829. The former was born June 1, 1794, and the latter on the 10th of April, 1801. There were eleven children in their family, of whom Williami is the sixth in order of birth. Mary, the eldest, born February 8, 182(), in England, died in 1904. Elizabeth, born Alglust 6, 1823, is the wife of T'ruman Andrus, of Washlington, Michigan, and has four living children. Jane, born in England, June 14, 1825, died in 1865. Sarah, born in the e sa counltry, October 9, 1827, died in 1900. Richard, born October 9, 1829, went to California and was shot and killed there Ildurl ming minng days. William Henry is the next of the family. David, born January 9, 1834, was also killed in California cduring the early minining excitement there. Katharine, born March 27, 1836, is deceased. Martha, born April 5, 1838, died in 1882. Harriet, born October 9, 1840, is now Mrs. Chapman of Iolly, Michigan, and has four children: John, born January 24, 1844, is married and has seven living children. William Ilotham spent the days of his boyhood and youth in his parents' home, being reared to the occupation of farming. lie, too, went to California, making the trip in 1860 by way of the isthmus route. There he engaged iln minig for twelve years, making some money, and on the expiration of that period he returned to his old homle in Michigan. After again reaching this state he was married, in 1872, to Miss Sarah Ensley, who was born Aiugust 5, 1844, and is a daughter of John and Ann (Holbrook) Ensley, both of whoml were natives of England, whence they camee to America in 1842, settling in UItica, Iichigan. tHer father was an agriculturist and purchased seventy-two acres of land lying in Shelby and Sterling townships. He worked by the day until he had mnoney enough to buy a farm and then invested in the property mentioned, continu1ng its further cultivation and improvement until his death, which occurred March 25, 1885, while his wife passed away in October, 1895. 'Ihey were the parents of four children, of whom three are living, namely: Mrs. Hlotham; John, who died at the age of eighteen years; George, who makes his home with our subject; and Lucy, who became the wife of Amos Button and after his death married John Stackman, who is a carpet layer of Detroit. Mrs. IIotham pursued her education in the schools of Utica and in early womanhood she engaged in dressmaking. She was married when twenty-eight years of age and has be come the mother of six children: Flora, who is now the wife of John Hartline, a farmer residing in Sterling township, by whoml she has two children; Charlie, who died at the age of twelve years; George, who died in infancy; Belle, the wife of Willianm Iartline, an employe in the Russell wheel factory at Detroit, by whom she has two children; Nellie, the wife of George Burr, a florist of Mount Clenmens; and William, at home. All were educated in the district and graded schools of Sterling township. Williaim Ilothanl is a republican in his political views but has held no offices save those in connection with the schools, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business affairs. He is to-day the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of land on which he has placed excellent improvements and here he devotes his attention to general farming and darying. His is one of the excellent farms of Sterling township, the fields being highly cultivated, while everything about the place is in excellent condition, indicating the careful supervision of a progressive owner. SETH W. KNIGHT. Seth W. Knight, a leading practitioner at the Macomb county bar and ex-judge of the probate court, was born in Utica, this county, July 17, 1863, a son of Dr. Phillip A. and Clarissa (Ewell) Knight. Hle is the fourth in a family of eleven children, the others yet living being: Edward E., a contractor in (uatemala, Central America; Phillip B., a practicing physician in Utica, M\ichigan; Luther E., of Utica; and Agnes C., the wife of William Terry, of Utica. Several of the children died in youth, while Lois, an artist and illustrator, died in New York city in 1902, and (race died in her senior year, while pursuing a literary course in Michigan University, in 1900. Seth W. Knight, after completing the work of the high school at Utica, MAichigan, spent three years in the literary department of the Michigan University at Ann Arbor, in preparation for the purlsual of a course in the law department. He was a law student for two years and was graduated in 1890, after which he came to Mount Clemens and opened his office. From the beginning he has been successful and now has a large clientage, connecting him with much of the important litigation tried in the courts of his district. Hie has given his undivided attention SET'llI A. KNIGHT.II PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 215 to the lawn and his devotion to his clients' interests is p)roverbial. His careful preparation of cases, his comi)rehensive and accurate knox wledge of legal principles and his clear and forcible presenitation of his cause have beetn the salienlt elements in his professional ca reer. ( l( e lhas held lio political office save in the linle of his professioni. IIe is a stanch demiocrat ald a faithful worker for his party, and on its ticket he( was elected to the office of probate ijudgie, iii Novembller, 1899. lie entered upon the discharge of hiis duties January 1, 1900, and served mutil Janmuary 1, 1905. lie Iwas a ca(ndidate for re-election in the fall of 1904, but was defeate(l in the republican landslide. 5Mr. Knioht xwas mnarried June 22, 1898, to MIiss Katharine L. Cr ocker, a daughter of G(eorge Al. Crocker, of Mount Clemens, and their children aire Ge(ore C. and Katharine L. Knight. -Mi. Knight is a member of Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, F. & A. M.; Mount Cle(mens Chaipter. No. 69. 11. A. l.: Mount Clemllens Council, No. 8, R. & S..: and Mount Cleiens lodge, No. 168, K. P., of which he was the first chancellor comnlander. Ile is a ianai of great decision, high principles anid upright character, whose persona l worth as well as his p)rofessional ability makes him oie of the rep)reseitative citizens of Mount Clem:iieins. I)ANIEL L. RIAPELJE. The busiiness life of Richmlionid has a representative in Daniel L. URapelje, who is conducting a farm imi)mle;lietit a;id produce store there. lie is a iative of St. Th''omas. Ontario. b)or0 April 15, 1849. Ilis father, 3arclay lIapelje, was the{ first white chlild born there, his natal year bleing 1812. The g'randfather, i)aniel Rapelje, was lbor n ii Fraiice aiid was a luguenot. Hie reeeived a gra ut of lamid fromn the g:overmlent oii which a large portion of the townxi of St. Thomas now stands. lie took part in the Revowlutioniary war, serving as a eolonel in coiniiiand of a reginient with the American troops. After loceating in Canada lhe devoted his attention to the developmeiit of his estate and there splent his reniaining days. A portion of his land grant is still in possession of his descendants. The Rapelje fanmily Iwas a prominent one in France and its inembers were (irive:i from that country on account of their religious views. Barclay Rapelje was reared on the family homestead in Canada and served as a captain in the Canadian rebellion in 1837, being connected with the cavalry force. Throughout his business career lie carried on farming but he died at the age of forty-eight. -Ie married Anna Thayer, and of their seven children D)aniel was the fourth in order of birth. OGeorge, the eldest soii, enlisted in response to President Lincoln's call for ninety thousand troops, becaaime a imember of an Ohio regiment and on the expiration of a three months' term lie re-enlisted, beco)tingii sergeant. In 1863, owing to disability, lie returned home, but after three nmonths lie again joined the army, with which he served until the close of the xwar, l)eilno a very loyail advocate of the Union cause. lie is now liviil iin Bay City, MichDaniel L. Rapelje spent the first eleven years of his life in Canad a aind then came to the hUnited States, seeurinii a clerkship in a store at fPort IIuron, Mihehigan, when fifteen years of age. Three times he attempted to eliist in thle Unioii arm1y but was rejected on accolllnt of his youth. At the fourth attempt hlie bt)ecae a ileiiibe)r of Cotipany F. Sixth Mlichigan Calivary, iunder Colonel Kidd, conmiantder of the state iilitia. It iwas in March, 1i864, that lie joined the jarnix anid twas sent oith th xth (uster's Brigade, serving in Virgiinia and K( ntucky. lie took part in the )battle of tin AV iltieriiess i i ill (f tiess ad in all of the skirtisies illup to Peterslblirg. After the war was over tlh'e Micehiiu'an ('avalry Brigade was sent west. being, j(oiiied to (;'eneral Conner's Bigad(e. antd went from Fort LIa ranie through the bad latnds. They liad no trouble until they ed the ow r iver. They built FIoit PIhil Kea]r'ley a!bo]ut twenty miiles belowv ShieridcIai andl this fort becane historically p)romiineit, otwill t tohe massacre of Lieuteniant Fessenden and his entire conipany there in 1866. While the fort was being built the coinmmand to which Rapelje belonged had mlore or less troublle with the Indians. They afterward went directly as far as Fort Bridger in Utah. the famous Jim Bridger acting as scolut. and they spent the winter near Salt Lake City. In Alay, 1866, they were sent back to IAichigian and honorably discharged. this lbeing the last part of a Michigan regismenit to receive its discharge. AIr. Rapelje then turned his attention to the lum!ber business in Alpena county, where he reinained duntil 1875, when lie came to Alacomb county, and after two years spent in MAount Clemens, lie removed to Lenox, where he built the first planiing mill in the town, the plant being still in operation. This he operated 216 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY until 1878, when he associated himself with James W. Cooper in the stave, heading and hoop business. They built a new mill which they operated for a number of years, when owing to a lack of timber Mr. Rapelje turned his attention to merchandising and to that business he devotes his energies at the present time. In April, 1879. Ir. Rapelje was married to Miss Liblie Bowtlnan, of Macomib county, a daughter of Peter Bowman, who lived four and a half miles northeast of Mount Clemens. They have one daulhliter, Valrae. Mr. Rapelje served as village clerk for a number of years, has been deputy sheriff for some years and was marshal of Richmlond. lie belongs to Henry C. Beebe Post, No. 223, G. A. R., and in Masonry has attained the Royal Arch degree. By perseverance, determinlation and honorable effort he has overcame the obstacles which barred his path to success and is accounted one of the prosperous men of Richmiond. The determination which he showed in his attempt to becomle a iUnion soldier has been manifested in all his duties of citizenship and he is most loyal to the public welfare. JAMES A. CANFIELD. James A. Canfield, a retired farmer of Mlount Clemlenls, was born in this city January 27, 1832, his parents being William and Ann (Clemlens) (Canfield, the former a native of Saybrook, Connecticut, and the latter of I)etroit, Michigan. Iis paternal grandfather, Joel Canfield, was a native of Connecticut and there spent his entire life, following the occupation of farming. lie served as a captain in the state militia and was an important figure in his locality, his influence extending even beyond the boundaries of his connty. I-e died at the venerable age of eightuy-nine years. William Canfield, his son, was reared in the Charter Oak state and in early life engaged in mnerchandising. He came to the west in 1829 and was the owner of a farm one mile north of the courthouse on the (1ratiot road, in Clinton township. A part of this land is still in possession of his son, James A. William Canfield served as a general in the state militia and was very prominent in public affairs, his ability well fitting himn for leadership. He did much to mold public thought and opinion and he was honored by his fellow citizens by election to the senate on several different occasions. His early political allegiance was given to the abolition party and later lie joined the ranks of the republican party when it was formed to prevent the further extension of slavery. lle had the happy faculty of living peaceably with all men, for while he held firm convictions he nevertheless displayed deference for the opinions of others and believed in according to his fellolwmen the right which he reserved for hilmself-of forming his own ideas on questions affecting the general welfare. For several years he served as assessor. At an early day he was prominent in the Presbyterial church. Later, because of dissension which arose in the membership, he was instrumental in establishing the Congregational church, but subsequently used his influence to reunite the churches. Ile was also a prime mover in the organization of the State Agricultural Society and his activities touched many lines of advancement, while his efforts proved far-reaching and beneficial. Ile died in 1877, at the age of sixty-eight years, honored and respected by all who knew him. His wife was a daughter of Judge Clemens, the founder of the city of Mount Clemens, and her death occurred in 1879, when she was seventy-five years of age. In their family were six children, five of whom reached mature years, while Charles died in infancy. The others are: James A.; William J., who died in 1904 at the age of seventy years; Frank It., a resident of Detroit. Michigan: Augustus, who died in 1849 at the ag'e of forty-line years; and Arthur L., who died in 1900 at the age of fifty-six years. James A. Canfield received but limited school privileges. He worked upon the home falrm through the period of his youth, or until nineteen years of age, when he began farming on his own account, purchasing a tract of land adjoining Mount Clemens on the norith. There he lived for thirty-three years, when he sold part of that property and removed to No. 139 South Gratiot street, where he is now living retired. Upon a part of his original famn stands the St. Joseph sanitarium rnd bathhouse at No. 215 North avenue. Other portions of the property were divided into city lots while the remainder is still in possession of Mr. Canfield. The rise in land values enabled him to sell to splendid advantage and thereby secure an income sufficient to supply him with all of the necessities and mIany of the comforts and luxuries of life. Mfr. Canfield was married September 15, 1857, to Miss Enily E. Robinson, a daugh MR. AND MRS. J. A. CANFIELD PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 2I9 ter of William S. and Emily E. (Pillsbury) Robinson, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of MIassachusetts. They spent their early Ilarried life in New York city and in 1836 Ilr. Robinson came to Mount Clemens, where he wNas joined by his wife a year later. lie was a machinist and largely engaged ill making guns for the Indians. Iie died in 1872, at the age of sixty years, while his wife passed aw\ay Janary 2, 1858, at the age of forty-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Canfield had two children, but have lost both: Willis R., wAho died at the age of eighteen years; and Isabella B., who died at the age of nineteen years. Mrs. Canfield is a memlber of the Presbyterian church. IHe is a man of modest, unassuming i Ianner. and is known as a kind and generous neighbor and good citizen. GEORGE R. NIMS. Through a half century George R. Nims was actively engaged in farming, but is now living retired il Romleo, enjoyinl a rest that is certainly richly merited. He has lived in Macomb coulnty since the fall of 1855, arriving here when a youing man of nineteen years. IIe was b1orni inl Chittenden county, Vermont, July 26, 1836, and is descended from EngIlish ancestry, the first representatives of the namelll ill America livingi ill Deerfield, Massachusetts, when this country was still nIumbered amlionig the colonial possessioins of (Great Britain. Jonatllan Nilllms, the grandfather was born ill Massachusetts and Dr. Reuben Nims, the fatiher, was also a native of that state, born ill 179-!. There lhe spent the days of his boyhood an(l yoluth and, deciding upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he studied in that state alld preparecd for his chosen calling. Ile was miarried in AMassachusetts to Sophia Whit)r, also 1)ol'n in that state, and they afterward removed to Vermlont, where Dr. Nims engaged in the practice of medicine until 1855. In the fall of that year he came with his family to Michigan, settling in Washinllton township, Macomb county, where ihe purchased a farm just south and east of Romieo. Ite then gave up medical practice in order to devote his undivided attention to agricultural pursuits, and he continued his farm interests here with success until his life's labors were ended in death in the winter of 1869. Iis wife survived himl and passed away in 1890. They were the parents of seven sons and two daughters, all of whom reached mature years with the exception of the eldest son, George W., who died at the age of nine years. HIon. William R. Nims located at Lexington, Michigan, where he became prominent in business life and public affairs. He exerted a wide influence there and was elected and served as a member of the state senate. Hannibal II. Nims also went to Lexington in early manhood and there he enlisted, joining ComIpany K of the Tenth Michigan Infantry, of which he was elected captain, soon afterward receiving his commission. lie was killed in service at Jonesboro, Georgia. George R. is next in the family. Charles S., who was engaged in the newspaper business at Harbor Beach, Michigan, was elected and served as supervisor, but afterward removed to Cedar Falls, Iowa, where he resided until his death, March 23, 1905. His remains were then brought back to Iarbor Beach for interment. Jerome W. Nims purchased the interest of the other heirs, and thus succeeded to the old home property. HIe was an influential and valued citizen of his community and served for twenty-seven consecutive years as supervisor, acting as president of the honorary county board for a number of vears.:He was also state senator. IHe died February 24, 1902. Edward L. Niiiis is a business man of Lexington, MIichigan. Sophia is the wife of Henry Knapp, a lumber manufacturer of Lexington, Michigan. Frances is the wife of B. E. B. Kennedy, a lawyer of Omlaha, Nebraska. George R. Nims spent the first nineteen years of his life in his native state and received good e(ducatiolmal privileges there. IHe afterward attended the I)ickinson Institute at Romleo and lie renlained upon the home farmn with his father until the latter's death, when lie and his brother Jerome purchased the interest of the other heirs in the home property. They carried on the farm together for a nuibl)er of years and were also engaged in the dairy business, mleeting with excellent success as cheese manufacturers, their output reaching eight thousand pounds annually. At a later date, however, MAr. Nims of this review sold his interest to his brother and bought a farm in the town of Ray, comprising eighty acres upon which some improvements had been made. He continued the work of cultivation and development there until 1901, when he rented his farm and took up his abode in Romeo, purchasing a residence here that he has since occupied. Mr. Nims was married in Farmington, Michigan, November 18, 1885, to Miss Sarah Hope 220 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOM1B COUNTY Green, whose birth occurred in Clinton county, Michigan, a daughter of Forest S. Green. ler father was a native of New York, and when nine years of age was brought to this state, where he was reared. In Clinton county he wedded Mary Ann Merrihew, who was also born in New York. AMr. Green's father followed farming in Clinton county until 1861, when he joined the Third Mlichigan Cavalry, of which he became first orderly and bugler, but he died in St. Louis in the same year before the cormmand had been ordered to the south. Mrs. Nilns was one of eight children who reached lmanlhood and wonmanhood, the first bein( Merrihew, who was a soldier of Comnlpany I, Twenty-seven th Michigan Infantry, and died in service in 1865; Naomi, who resides with her sister, Mrs. Nims; James M., of Farmington; Horace, of Northville, Michigan; Mrs. Mary A. Bowen, of Carroll, Iowa; Mrs. Ilenrietta A. Cuer, of Rome: Mrs. Betsy C. Osborn, of Maple Rapids, Michigan; Luther, who died at the age of three years. Mr. Nims votes with the republican party, having advocated its principles since casting his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. He has never sought or desired office, but has always given his time and attention to his farming interests until his retirement fronm business. For fifty years he was engaged in general agricultural pursuits in this county and well deserves to be classed with the representative farmers, so directing his labors that they brought him a good financial return. Mr. Nims has worked persistently and earnestly, realizing that labor is the source of all success. Iis business affairs have always been honorably conducted and now he is enjoying the fruits of his former toil, occupying a pleasant home in Romeo, where he is surrounded with the comlforts that go to make life worth living. WILLIAM S. DONAL)DSON. William S. Donaldson, one of the leading representatives of industrial interests in Mount Clemens, was born in the north of Ireland, October 10, 1841, and is a son of Jalmes and Isabella (True) Donaldson, who were also natives of the Emerald isle. Following their marriage they came to the United States, making their way at once to Mount Clemens, Macomb county, where the father purchased land near Cady's Corner. His attention, however, was given to black smithing, which trade he learned in early life. -le died at the comparatively early age of thirty-eight years and his wife, long surviving him, passed away at the age of seventy-two years. Williami S. Donaldson pursued his education in what was then the district schools of Mount Clemens an(d he began earning his own living b)y working at odd jobs after his father's death. -Ie learned the blacksmithing trade in early life and in 1862 hie established a blacksmith shopl on Front street, on the lot adjoining his preselt manufactu.ring establishment, and thus laid the foundation for a business of large dimensions. His brother, Andrew T. Donaldson-, was admitted to a partnerhipl about 1865, and they have since continued together. Their first shop wais a small wooden building and they did horseshoeing, repairing and carriage building. Their trade constantly increased from the beginning, for their skill was manifest and their business Imethods were found to be reliable. As their financial resolurces increased, and as their trade constantly grew they formed plans for extending the scope of their business and soon erected a large blacksm-ith shop. They then began the manufacture of wag'ons, buggies and sleighs, and their business developed so rapidly that in 1871 they erected a foundry in which they could mlake their own castings. When this was placed in operation they began the manufacture of agricultural implements and they also quickly utilized the opportunities for manufacture along other lines. A new foundry was erected in 1875 and in 1883 an extensive addition was made to the plant by the erection of a three-story building, fronting on Front and East streets. In 1890 a new wood-working and miachinery shop was added and since that year the firm has been constantly adding storerooms and enlarging its different departments. Although additional ground was purchased, adjoining the little lot on which their first blacksmith shop was erected, they had not space enough on this triangle for their growing business and they have secured property elsewhere for storage purposes. The company now manufactures twenty-seven different patterns of plows, twelve different kinds of cultivators, five harrows, also corn-planters, sugar beet weeders and road scrapers. In fact, they manufacture various kinds of agricultural implements in addition to wagons, buggies, sleighs, drays and bob-sleds. The firm annually uses many thousands of feet of lumber WIILIAM S. D)ONAI1)SON. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 223 and mlore than twenty-five hundred tons of pig-iron. Employment is furnished to one hundred and twenty-five men throughout the year. As their products are many the plant is always in operation and the output is sent not only to all parts of America, but to foreign countries as well. The plant is to-day equipped with the latest improved machinery and the works of the firm of Donaldson Brothers constitute the leadingo productive industry of AMount Clemens. William S. D)onaldson has been the promioter or a co-operant factor in many other business enterprises of the city. He is the president and a stockholder of the Mount Clemens Electric Light Company, of which he assisted in organizing. H-le is likewise a stockholder and director in the Citizens Savings Bank, with which he has thus been identified froml its or'ganization. In connection with George W. Robertson and Robert Shook he built the first water works of Mount Clemens and he is also a trustee and the treasurer of the Clintotn (:trove Cemetery Association. Mr. Donaldson has been twice married. In 1865 he wedded Sarah Leonard, a dallghter of Sylvanus Leonlard. of Mount Clemens, who died four years later, leaving a sonArthur L. In 1876 he wedded Eliza Harringltol, a daughlter of Henry llarrington, of Mlount (lem1ens, Iwho was )one of the early settlers of the village of Frederick. The children of the second marriage are: James S., who is l)lrsulill g a course in the.Aichigan Unliversity: Ralph Phillip; Lloyd: a nd Irene. Mr. I)ollldsonl is a mlelmber of MAount Clemens lodge No. 6N, A. F. & A..., also of Damascus comlmand(ery No. 42, K. T., of Detroit, land is a mlelmbler of the Mlystic Shrine. lie is to-dayl one of the oldest Ire(resenltatives of the blllle lodge of 5Mount Cllemlls, ailtd has always been in h1arnmoiy wAith the teachings an(d tenets of the craft. Ile has served as councilman of MAount ( Cleenis filliitg that osition at. the time te t owin xwmas changed ilito a city. IIe is a trustee and chairmaan of the lbolard of the First Presbyterian lchrch i oullit Clenmens, Iad is interested in eveIry i)rogressive measure that tends to a(dvance thte imal-terial, intellectual, social and inoral progress of his com(mltiunity. Possessing a clear head,. alw ays blusy, always careful and conservative in finanIcial mneasures, movin. slowly but sureIly in every transaction, lie has lhad f(ew' sliperiors in the steady progress which invariably reaches its objective point. The story of his achievement, in the face of difficulties, must inspire all young men who read it with a truer estimation of the value and sure rewards of character. 1HOMIER T. RECTOR. IHomer T. Rector, who has worked his way upward from an humble beginning until now, possessed of a comfortable competence as the result of years of earnest toil, he is living a retired life in Mount Clemens, was born in the town of Volney, Oswego county, New York, September 1, 1830, his parents being John and Sally (Howard) Rector, the forner a native of New York and the latter of \New Hampshire. The Rectors are of German lineage, the name being originally spelled Rechter, but it was changed to the anglicized forlm about one hundred years ago, the ancestors of -our subject having settled in New Amlsterdal, now New York city, at a very early lay. The Iowardl fanlily traces its ancestry back to Nathaniel HIowardll. \Mrs. Rectolr's father was throwii from a horse and killed on the nioiht that she was born, and her imother afterward iiairried Benjamin Beels. John Rector had five children, of whomt three are livin'. Itonmer T. Rector canme to Mlichigan in 1839, settling at Algonac, anld whlen a young man he atte(tlded school, for lie had( no chance to acquire an education in his youngoer years. IIe arrived in this state seven years after his father, who bought a forty-Iacre tract of land, extentding froim the road to the river. Later, however, the father returned to New York, where his death occltrred(. Ilomler T. Rector purchased a farm at Port Huron, blt afterward learned the boatt business and was engagedl as a cook on a vessel for ten years, and was captain of the vessel Uphena in 1852. Followiin his marriage he took up his abode on a farm in Clyde township, St. Clair county, -\IichEigan, where he remained for fifteen years, when he sold out andl purchased a farim of seventy acres from Joseph Cole at Cady 's Corners, Maconb county, Mr. Cole having purchased this land from the governimtent. Mr. Rector devoted his time and energies to agricultural pursuits from 1865 until 1901, developing an excellent farm whose productive fields yielded him a good financial return. Hle then sold the property, and in 1902 he came to Mount Clemens, where he is spending his declining years in quiet and retirement from further labor, the sue 224 PAST AND PRESENT OF M1ACOMIB COUJNTY cess of his earlier days enabling hill now to enjoy a well earned rest. When he bought the farm it was all wild. This he cleared and built the house and barns and made good farml property. l-e was also engaged in the tile business for three years after cominig here. On the 1st of January, 1850, Mr. Rector was married to Miss Eliza, daughter of James and 5Mary Ann (Stanton) Thompson of Detroit, in which city the parents spent their last days. 'They hlad four dcaughters and a son, and three (laulilhters are living. Mr. and Mrs. Rector have )becomne the parents of four children: John II., who is living in Ilickey, Michigan; Ella, the wife of Thomal s Berry, of Mount Clemens; lola, wlo died at the age of nine yeairs; a(1 (etorge, whio (lied' i'n infaiicy. Mr. Rectorl is a dtelmocrat irn politics, but has niever solugIt or desired office, although he has serveid as school dirlector and roa(d colllllissioMlle. 1 lis ytearls for a long period were filled witlNh lllremitting toil and it is throlu'h his ow11 eff(orts thlit Iie lIas worked his way Illpw11ard. Ile beganl life in anl humble eapacity, but he mlade the most of his opportunlities and lias so utilized lis acdvantages that he is inow ai prlosl)erlous citizen of Aloulit (lei ellnls. FRANK J. IIIRT. Frank J. l irt, whose businless career has been mlarked by conseceutive advanlceement along progressive lines until he is now cashier of the Iacomnb County Savings Bank and a leading representative of financial interests at Richlimond, was born in Casco, St. Clair county, Michigan, Decemrber 8, 1870. Hlis father, John A. IIirt, a native of Gerniany, crossed the Atlantic to America in 1848, and after spending three or four years in Detroit, removed to St. Clair county, being one of the original locators of the township of Casco. lie cast in his lot with its pioneer settlers and his efforts proved beneficial in reclaiming it for the purposes of civilization. There he carried on farming until 1871, and while living in that county he served as supervisor, as treasurer and commissioner of Casco township. He is a shoeworker by trade and has to a greater or less extent followed that business throughout his entire life in connection with other interests. Ie nmarried Elizabeth Schwartz, a native of Germany, and they became the parents of nine children, but seven of the number died in infancy. Frank J. Ilirt, the youngest of the family, is indebted to the public schools of Michigan for the educational pIrivileges that equipped him for life s practical and responlsible duties. Inl his youth he learned the p)rinter's trade, which lie followed for a uiimlber of years, and in 1895 hle purchased the Richlmond Review, which lie conducted until 1899, when he sold that papetr antd accepted Ca i)osition in the Ilacolmb County Savinos Baink at Lenox. After tlhree months he was made cashier ancd has since acted ( ill that capacity. Iuring tlhe six years in wxhich hle lias thus served, the businless of the baiik has been steadily growing andl now lias, asses anlounlting to three hundiredl tliousand d(ollars. The report of the bank shows a very satisfactory growth in the business and therle is a paid-in:"apital stock of twenty-five thousanid dollars, a, surplus fund of five thousand (ollars and undivided profits of ilore than. tell thous1nd dollars. The bank has many depositors and a gentleral bankinlg busilness is carrie d oni, while colmmlercial and real estate loans are (also imade. The success of tie institiutionl is due in no small degree to the e-ff( ts of MIr. Ilirt, who is a pleasant and popular official, land while ineglectillg no duty to tile ialnk is at the salme timle considerate and a(c)olmodaitin to its patrons. On the 6th of Dlecemrber, 1 )9'), o(icurred the mlarriage of MIr. Iirit to AMiss Be sie Simmllons, of Richmond, a;ldau-hter of Andre Sinilllmons, one of the suceessful residlent-lt of Rlichinond. They have one son, Pa1ul Stcalley. In co1nrnunlity affairs Mr. Ilirt is active and influential and is now servilng for the second term as village treasurer, to which position he was elected in 1905. Ie is a MAson, ai Odd Fellow and a Forester, and. in his life exemplifies the spirit of these orlganizatiols, which are lbased upon imutual helpfulnless tanld brotherly kindness. IIe is reco(oilzedl as a young man of iniuch I)rolmise, )posessilng laudable ambition and a firm determ-ination which will brook no obstacles that may be over(co) e lby persistent and honlorable effolrt. FREDERtICK (G. KENDRlICK. This gentlemlan is entitled to distticton as one of the most progressive and enterprising business men of Mount Cle(enls. lUpon the colllmercial activity of a conlnllllity depends its prosperity and the men who are now recognized as leadilng citizenls are tlhose who are at the head of extensive business enterprises. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 225 Itr. Kendrick is a main of broad capabilities, who carries forward to successful completion Niwhaitever he llundlertakes. A inative of G(ermnanv, lie was born in Schlotheim, Schlwarz)uro~, on the 14th of 5May, 1836, and camle to this country with his parentis in 1844, the family locating in Belvidere, Maco}mb county, Mnic higan. Later they reimoved to Mlount Cle(1ens and front there to MIaii ne C(.ity, St. (!air counlt, this state. In the Inealtimie our0 siubject attended scho)ol sotlie, but he ac(liquired his goo(d pI(ractical ed(llcationi chiefly iin the hlard scl(chool of experience. Fronm Ia'lriiie City h(e ca(me e to ow1ri to ilshilp, this coulnty, and he'(, carl'i(Id on busll11si 'ss as a stock dealer for solie yeais. Early i life e becamle interterested in politics and was called ulll)n to fill severial offices of trulst in Ills towiinship. In 1868 lie was elected to) the state legislature and was miade sheriff Mf Maco((1mb county in 1870, serving in that caplacity for two terms to tile entire satisfaction of Ills constituents. lie was aplpoiit(ed Ipostillaster of Mhount C'lemens ill April, 1885, beIing tlhe firt appollintee of IPresident (Iyeela(nd in thile postal ldeplartillenlt in Alichigal, and continued to serve the )public in that capa(city for four years. 11i has also s(erved in) thle city council, anld ais always disxplaye(l an ictive and whv)olesonme itlter ieest inl unlicil)Ial affairs. iMr. Kendrick ]ias always b)ee( a consistent supl)porteri of the de(nocrati(c p)ar'ty. Ilaving' remlove(I to Mounit Clemens at the titne of his election as111 sheriff, Mr. Keitdrick has been ever siice id(entified with tle busilCess p)ro0greCss of tle( c(ity. Sooni after tile expiration of his te,',n of office as sheriff, 1he engtaged in the 1hardwuare business in tle eity, and somlewhiat later in the manufaeture of sash, doors iald blinds, for tmanty yeats operatitng a mill on Ilubbard avenue near the G(rand Trunk. crossinl. In 1875 he beglan taking' building contracts, which business was carried on very successfully for several years. lie has also been quite extensively engaged ill the mnanufacture of llumber, owiinig' a sawmill in 'ayinouth, Saginaw county. After the burning' of the Original Bathhouse in 1882 it was largoely due to Mr. Kendrick's personal wolrk an d influence that its proprietors were persuaded to rebuild, and hlie is entitled to the credit for thus avoidin, a very serious setback to the progress of the city, which would have followed the abalndonment of that l)athing establlislitetltt. From that time until the sale of the North & Johnson interests to the Original Bathintg and Hotel Company, a corporation in wiich iMr. Kendrick was very largely interested, Alr. Kendrick was practically the imnagiarer of the interests of North & Johnson inII the Originial Springs and hotel pIropelty conllected therewith. 1(e was one of the organizers and is the present general tmanageer (of the iMount Clemnens Bitter Water CoIImpany aInd was for mlany years the vicepresidetlt o(f the MAount de('1e.ens Savings Batik. Besildes these enltetltprises he lias also beetn interetsted ill real cstate, atid is regarrded as one of the tnost energetic, pirogressive, reliable business metl (of the c(ity. Althongh t Ir. Kendrick lhas for the past few years been gradlalaly i estri cting his etlgageilment in 'iexv enterlprise's, he is still largely interested in tlie Brick & Tile Compaiiv, a stocklolder in three state blanks andl is president of the J. Al. Bour Comp:iany of Toledo, 0liio. On ithe 5th day of Iaiy, 1862, AIr. Kendrick was united inll narria to AMiss Henrietta Elsey, a d(aut hter olf l1 len1y Elsey, wlho was fronm L1eip(sic, (eiirialt, and to the tel were borni ten childr1e1, of whom o1 e (sot and seven dauightelrs are livintg, taiitiely Caroline, wife (of John Ml. Boul, of ole( do, Ohio lattie, xwife oif Williard (. Beattil, also of Toledo; Eiimma, wife otf IF'ed Guentlier, of Detroit, MAichig'an; Jltia, wife of C.alvin I)a vis, of MIoutnt leens Frank J., of Maiac.mt) toxvnshil), this co)untyx and Bertha, Elsie Mtay and gagre,t still livxin,,g at hollie. Tlhe family lare ilietllbers of the (Gerianii Evai('elical Lutheran chrch iand are p1roimineilit socially. AIr. Kendlrick has always taken an active and prominent p)art in the social, political atld itidustrial affairs of tihe counity and is a recognized leader in the colmmllunity. JOIN C. MILLER. One of the representative and prominent farmners of Chesterfield township is John C. MIiller, whose home is on section 18. iHe is a native of this county, his birth having occlrered in AIacomb township April 4, 1865, and is a sonil of the late John D. and Frederika (Frederick) AMiller, who are represented on another page of this volumne. Hie was principally educated in private German schools, thougih for two winters he was a student in the district schools of the county. Mr. Miller early became familiar with agricultural pursuits and for four years after reaching manhood continued to work upon his father's farm. lie then accepted a position in the Plank Road sawmill, where he remained one year, and was next employed on the farm 226 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of William Yates, near Rochester, for nine months, after which he resumed work in the sawmill during the winter. The following spring he went to Mount Clemens and worked in Donaldson Brothers' factory for one year. At the end of that time he purchased his present farm in Chesterfield township from his father and has since devoted his attention principally to agricultural pursuits. lie has made many imlprovemenlts upon the place, tiling albout sixty acres of it, and in 1900 he remodeled his residence and three years later built a fine large barn. lie hals also added to the origzinal homestead a tract of thirty acres of the Mlax Furton farml, also nine acres adjoining his farm which belonged to the Baptist church, and sixty-two and a half acres on Cotton road in claim 144, owned by T. C. Crittenden. Although engaged in general farming, he has mIade a specialty of the raising of co ws for dairly purposes and was one of the organlizers of the Chesterfield Creamlery, being elected a (irector of the same in 1893. The following year he was made president, which position he held for two years at that time, anll after a lapse of two years was again elected to that office, which lie now holds. For nine years he was also a director of the old German IMutual Fire Insurance Coillpanlies of Macomb and Wayne counties. In business affairs he is prompt, energetic and notably reliable, and has mlet with excellent success in his undertakings. On the 10th of March, 1888, Mr. Miller was Iunited in ilarriage to MIiss Albertine Corbo, a daughter of Isaac and Loulisa( (Otto) Corbo, of Clinton township, this county. IIer father w\as born in (ermany, in 1816, and on coming to MIichiiigan in 1851 locateld in (linton township, wlhere (le was elmployedl on different farms, living on1 I r. KnigLht s p)lacle for ten years. Ite slubsequllently bloll(ght thirty-live acres of the Snook anld PIallss flarms, where he lived the quiet and industriouns life of tlhe agriculturist nltil called to his final rest July 30, 1895. IIs widow now lmakes ler home with her daughter, Mrs. John (1. -Miller. Two of their daughlters mlarried two Miller brothers. 5Mr. Corbo helped build( the first German church in Mount Clemenis. Into our subject and his wife have been born six children, namely: Arthur, John, Walter, Harry, Roy and Edna, all at home. Mr. Miller was the last drainage conmmissioner of his township, as at the expiration of his four years in office that work was turned over to a county drainage commission. lTe also served as assessor of school district No. 4 for six years and has taken quite an active and influential part in public affairs. Fraternally, he is a melnber of Mount Clemens lodge No. 9, W. 0. W., the Arbeiter Fraternal Society of Mount Clemens, the Chesterfield Grange, and the Chesterfield and Ray Townships Farmers' Club. His wife also belongs to the last named organization, and the Chesterfield Grange, the Ladies' Aid Society, Grove No. 10, Supreme Forest of Woodnlen circle of Mineral City. They stand high socially and are people of prominence in the conmmlunity where they reside. AUGUST W. MILLER. The farming interests of Maconb county are well represented by the Miller family, who have taken a very active and prominent part in the development of this section of the state. August W. Miller, whose home is on section 19, Chesterfield township, was born on the 11th of May, 1867, in Mlacomb township, his parents being John D. and Frederika (Frederick) Miller, who are represented elsewhere in this volume. In boyhood he attended private Germnan schools and after obtaining a good, practical education he turned his attention to farming. On leaving the parental roof in 1888 Mr. Miller purchased his present farm from his father, which at that timne was but slightly improved, and to its further development and cultivation he has devoted his energies ever since, having tiled about sixty acres. In 1889 he built a good residence and barn upon the place and on the latter is a large fourhorsepower windmill, with which he grinds all the feed for his stock. lie has an exceptionally fine hog pen, which was constructed in 1904 and is entirely of cerment except the roof. This pen is the first of its kind constructed in this county and is a success. In addition to general farming he is also interested in the dairy business and was one of the organizers of the Chesterfield Creamcry, serving as one of its board of directors for the past six years. The railroad running across one corner of his farml cut off two acres, vwhich he sold to William Fairchild, antd he then bought sixteen acres of (George Fuller that adjoined his farm. Mr. Miller was married November 29, 1888, to Miss Emml a Corbo, a daigllhter of Isaac and Louise (Otto) Corbo. Helr one sister niarried a brother of our subject. To Algust C4 C21q I'll I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 229 W. Miller and wife have been born four children, nailely; Verona, Lula, Fred and August. The p)arents are )(oth active mnelibers of the Chesterfield (Grange and the Chesterfield and Ray TowNnships iarmers' Club, while IMr. Aliller is.a membler of the Woodlelln of the World, No. 9, of Molunt Clemens, an1d his wife b)elongs to (:(rov No. 10, Spremle Forest Woodmlen (Circle of MIineral (ity and the ladies' Aid Society. They are w\idely and favorablyv kllown and their circle of frielnds seems only lilllite(l l)y their circle of acquaintances. OLIVER C(ItAPOTON. Oliver Chapoton, a leading citizen of MacoImb counity for three-quarters of a century, traces his descent to,Jean Baptiste Clhalpoton of (Cazolle, France, wh(o went to )etroit, Mlichigan, i 11 1718 as sllrge(on in the French armllly with the rank of najor. In 172( he Marr ied Mary lMadeleine Estene and his death, in 1760), was followed by that of his wife in 1763. Jean B. (Chapoton, his son, was boi'n in 17-21, was married in 1755 to Felicite Ceyevre. A fur ti:rder1 andl interpreter he tool part in the negotiations with Chief Pontiac during th te Pntiac wa1. II is son, Jean B. Chapoton, was lbor in 1758 andl d ied in 1836. IHe was mlentiolned )by the British commlantdant as "beingII in active co(1lmunication with the Amlericans at Vinelnnes. ' In 1780 Ihe narried Therese IPelletier. Ilis sonl, IIenrn Chapotton, was;arried in 1817 to lMladeleilne I)rouillard, wh o die(d il 1 826. IHe toolk 1prt in the war of 1812 as a inmember of Caiptatin Audraii's comlpany of s(couts and(l was in the skirmish of Longl Woods. Oliver Chapoton was borni Janua ry 18, 1826, and remaiined iin l)etroit until 1830. Iie remembers seeing' in that year the execution of Silulmmons, who was the last man hanged in Miichigan. In 1830 the family removed to Mlount Clemiens and hle was apprenticed, July 16, 1841, to his brother-in-law, C. (:Glenreux, who Nwas a cooper. with whom he remlained for two years. IHe afterward worked at his trade in the village of Frederick until 1845, whenl he entered the general store of J. & Mr. Stephens, remaining there for four years. -1e then became a partner in the firm II. W. Babcock & Company and after two years Mloore Stephens became associated with him in business lunder the firm style of Steph ens & Chlapotot. ''They conlducted a general store until 186(). In that year, with Louis Charbolnneau, r., he Ibuilt the scow Union which tIhey used in the cord wood trade for somle vears. After selling, the Tnion he built the Franlces, also a scow, and later the steam targe Florence, which was used in this trade fo)r nmanly years. s In the winter of 1879-80 with Captain (Gilbert La Croix he built the first "City of lount (CleItens,'' which they ran in the lunlber andt coal trade between Lakle uII1ron1 and ILakel Erie ports until she was sold in 1883. The nex\t winter they built the sec(ontd "City of MIount C(lemens," which they rean llntil IMr. (ihapot(lon disposed of his interest to Captain l a Croix. In 1868 AIr. Chapoton w as elected county treasurer, holdingL the office until 1878, and afterward served as deputy unltil 1890. Since then he has devoted his timle to the interests of the AIount Clelnens Savings Bank, having been its I)residelt since its organization, June 1, 1877, in whose affairs and conduct he takes a most active interest. In 1860 he was elected recorder of the villaole of MIount Clemens, w\hich Ipos)ition hie h(eld until 1862. HIe was treasurer in 1864 andi president from 1865 utitil 1869. Hle was also a trustee on the school boatrd froml 1867 until 1875 and acted as assessor frol 187() until 1.875. lIe was likewise a mietal)er of the coiniiittee in cllar' e of thle,erection of St. Peter's Catholic church. In 1852 \Mr. Chapoton was lmarried to Miss Vielma AWeston, a daughter of Leonardl and Ailiira Westoii, who died three years later. Ii Milayv 1857, he iarried Ktherine Kah ein arney, whose p)arents, 1)aniel and Katherine (I)onovatn) Kearney, were t married at Banidon, Ireland(l ini 1825, and(nl ol co(miig to this country settled at Black IRoclk, in New York. The fanlily came to AMichigian il 1840, locating in that part of Warren klnown as the Red Run country. \Irs. Chapoton was one of the pioneer teachers of MIacomnb county, beginning her work in that profession in 1851. Two of the children of this famiily are living, both residing at homlPe-Florence and Ienry Oliver. The latter was graduated at the UTniversity of Michigan in 1894 and has since been in the Mount Clemens Savings Bank. Mr. Chapoton has long figured as one of the influential and leading citizens of Macomb county. lie is a methodical man, exact, careful and painstaking, and his business career has been characterized by consecutive and commendable progress. ITe can relate dates of transactions that occurred many years 230 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ago with a wonderful degree of accuracy and his knowledge of the county and its history if given in detail would prove a most interesting story. HION. WILLIAM F. NANK. Ilon. William F. Nank, who is now representing his district in the state legislature and who figures prominently in the business circles of Mount Clemens, being one of the proprietors of the leading livery barns at this place, was born in Schoenhausen, Germany, July 21, 1867, his parents being John and Augusta (iHaeker) Nank, who were also natives of the same village, where their marriage was celebrated in 1866. In November, 1873, they came with their family to Michigan, locating at Fraser, Macoinb county. The father, who was employed in a stave mill owned by Steffens & Knorr, was born MIarch 6, 1825, and died in 1894, but his widow is still living. In their family were five children, namely: William F.; M3innie, the wife of August Miller, a resident of Detroit, Michigan; Annie, the wife of Albert Koth. who is engaged in a sawmill and threshing business at IUtica, Michigan; Henry F., whe is proprietor of a dray line at Utica; an( Charles, who is a coachman at Detroit. William F. Nank received but limited educational privileges for his assistance was needed in the clearing and improving of a forty-acre tract of timber land on section 34, Sterling township, near Fraser, which his father was converting into a farm. Later he assisted in the improvement of another tract on section 33, Sterling township, Macomnb county, and upon that place he remained until the fall of 1899, when he sold this farm and located on section 9, in the same township. On the 21st of AMarch, 1880, William F. Nank left home and was variously employed until March, 1890, when he returned to the old homestead and the following year he purchased the farm, continuing its cultivation and further improvement until 1894. It was in that year that he was elected sheriff of Macomnb county and in order to perform the duties of his office he removed to Mount Clemens. He was re-elected for a second term on the republican ticket with an increased majority and he made a most efficient officer, receiving the highest commendation of all law-abiding citizens, while he aroused the fear and dread of those who do not hold themselves amenable to law. At the conclusion of his second term he retired from the office as he had entered itwith the confidence and good will of all concerned-and theln returned to his farm, but after two months he sold his property and again came to Mount Clemlens. Here he purchased Robert Posner's interest in the Palace ivery, conductinlg the same in partnership with Julius Pin gel, the firm name being Nank & I'ingel, and on the 20th of April, 1893, they (admitted Frank Reichrath to a partnership. Theirs is the largest and best livery in Mount (Clemenls and they are condlucting a very successful business. IIe was also president of the Brick & Tile Conpany of Mount Clelnens for two years and lhe is the owner of a bulsiness block and other property here. M1lr. Nank in the office of sheriff did not colnplete his office holdinlg, for he has been called to other positions of trust and responsibility. He served as clerk of Sterling township in 1893-4 and in 1894 he was elected chairman of the republican county central commllittee, serving in that capacity for four years. lle has been a mlemnber of the board of public works, having been appointed by ex-Mayor R. C. Ullrich. In 1904 he was elected to represent his district in the state legislature, proving a poplular candidate, and receiving a strong support, being elected by a mitajority of eight hundred and eighteen. Although a new member of the house he has already been placed on the ways and means committee, committee on revision of statutes and the labor committee, and has been instrlumental in introducing and securing the passage of several important bills. He is largely engaged in the work of constructive leoislation rather than attempting to sway the house by brilliant flights of oratory and his efforts have been far-reaching and beneficial. In April, 1905, hle strongly opposed the bill introduced into the house, prohibiting the sale of liquor in any store or shop where groceries or dry goods are sold, knowing this would be detrimental to many small dealers in Maccrllb county. On the 3d of Decemlber, 1891, Mr. Nank was united in marriage to Miss Annie Oehmllke, a daughliter of Fred d and arie Oehnke, of Warren township. Their children are: Roland E., Ililda B. and Theodore A. The parents are members of the (erlman Lutheran church of Mount Clemens. Mr. Nank is a man of strong physique with good intellectual powers and is a natural leader of II()N. \WILLIAAI F. NANK. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 233 men. InI his adlopted couinty he has done much to miild l publ lie thought and opinion and his business and political career are likewise creditablle. PAYNE K. LEECI. I'Paye K. Leech was onel of the honored pioneer settlers of MIaconb (comnty. cand hie lived to the very venerable a-e of nilnety-two years. lie was boirn JJainuary 31, 18019, in Bloomfield, Ontario county, New York, a son of Palyne K. an(l Jo:nlla ((larke ),eech. lie came to) Iaconb) county, iichigau, in 1829, being at that tim(e (a yo'n()w' l (a of twenty V(ars, an(d witlh his brother he pllcllrchased a g:rist and sa-wmill, both of which were in dilapidlated c((oditi(on. They 1)lt theml in good rllnning 0 ()der, and in the springl of 1832 Payne K. Leech l)ipulehasedl his lbrot(her's interest and coitinuied the operlation of the mills until 18:6. 1ie then purehased one hundred( and sixty acres of paritially iml)proved laindl, upon which lhe resid(ed throug)hout hii: remaining' (lays, an1(d at the time of his (leath ihe owned tw()o hundred anl fo(rty acres of rich anld ara')le land whichie returned hill excellenlt cr(o ls. Mr. Leech was arri d, Ap)il i25, 1832, to \Iiss \Ielinlda llller1, - t dallghteir of Albert Fuller, wh\o \as onie of ite e(rly settlers of Macombl counmty. IIeir birth )ccurred April 30, 1811, iIn New Y ork. Alr. and Mr:s. Ieech becanie the plarents of ten children, of whom four are rnow living: (iirllon C., born FebruIar 9, 184, 18 was marri t lo)t lo.t his wife. I:e lives in PorIt IIu'(on, N:were ihe is Imanl1ag er for a cold stor1ag,(e house( for th:e M5iclhiganl Grocers C(ompany. Frances J., born Decembher 4, 1847, is the wife of F. D. Alexlander, a merchant of Nenia, Ohio, and they have three sons. Albert F., born September 19, 1851, attended the district schools and the J1tica. hil'h school and worked on the holme farml between the agles of seventeen and twenty-o(e (years. Ile then attended a commlercial college il Dletroit and was afterward employed f(or two years in a druc ' store in Virginia City, M'Aontana. lie later returned to Michigan and in 1889 becgan workingl for the Detroit Linseed Oil Company. Ile afterward went to St. Paul, M\innesota, where he reinained for twelve years and for seven years he was superintendent of a linseed oil mill, while the remainder of his time was given to grain bluying and bookkeeping. In 1892 he returned to Macolnb county, where for four years he acceptably and capably served as justiee of the peace, and in 1900 he was census enumerator. lie is now a registered pharmiacist, having in April, 1893, successfully passed the examination that gave him his certificate. HIis political views are in accord with republica(n principles where national questions are involved and in addition to the offices mentioned li he has served as village clerk for three terlis, and notary public. Ie is a memlber of U tica lodge No. 75, A. F. & A. I., having been iima(le a M[ason in St. Paul, Minnesota, land for several vye rs he served as worshipful naster. lie was iiarried, January 19, 1876, to MIiss Caroline V. Lewis, a daughter of Daniel and Esther (Galpin) Lewis, the former a native of New Yoriv and the latter of Michigan. The parents are now deceased, the mother having died in 1887 and her father about 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Albert F. Leech are the p)arents of folr children; William Payne, who was born October 11, 1878, and was educated in the public schools of St. Paul, Minnesota, and l:tica, Michigan, has been emp)loyed in a store for six years; Louisa, born February 21, 1881, is a gradulate of the high school of IUtica, taugtlht school for three years, after-walrd pursued a, coirse in a business college in l)etroit ndl for 11(1re than two years has been enimployed as a ste:nographer in that cityt; Mabel E., IornI ill Farnington, Minnlesota, M[ay3 3, 1889, is now attendiing the UItica high school; Marjorie, born in Randolph, Miinnesota July 19 1 90, is al:ko a high school stlldeInt ill I:tica. iartha Tr. Leech, the -yolungest 111emb111er of the famlily of Mr. andl PIMrs. Paine K. Leech, was born Novellmber 3. 1853, and is the wife of Clharles m Ri. IIiggins of New,- Yorkl city. In 1860 Piayne K. Leech xwas called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died May 10th of that year, and he was aoain Inarried Decemiber 29, 1869, his second union being with Sarah Gillette, who was born December 9, 1829, in Lynne, Connecticut, and was a teacher in her native state and liichigan for several years. Mr. Leech was very closely identified with events that form the pioneer history of Macomb county. He laid the first track for the Detroit & Utica Railroad at Utica about 1835. In early life he gave his support to the whig party and on the organization of the republican party became one of its advocates. He held the office of supervisor for four terms. and was a member of the state legislature in 1845-6 when the capitol was at Detroit. M;r. 234 234 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Leech owned the first top buggy in this locality, bringing it from New York in 1850, and it is still in use. During his active life he was engaged in various mercantile pursuits, and he was also a noted breeder of live stock, making a specialty of Devonshire cattle and fine mierino s.,heep. lie was always deeply interested in everything pertaining to the welfare of the agyricnlturirst. Ile brought his first cattle here from B~lack Rock, New York, having lpurchased themi of Lewis P'. Allen and Walter Cook of Batavia, and B. F. Peck of East lBethany, New York. For miany years he continued to raise and feed cattle, which he woufld drive to the, Buiffalo miarket. Ile was also interested inI fine horses Indl it w~as from his flock of Mferino sheep that the coinmittee selected fleeces which were sent to Washingtoni to prove to eongress that Mlichigan could produe as fine wool as Australia. and this was the mueans of causling the low tariff bill onl wool to be lost. Mlr. Leech was a mIeniber of the conunittee who located the St~ate Agricultuiral College at L ansing, M,\ichiu'al, In 1849, and his efforts along- agricultural lines proved not only of benefit to himself. bitt also p~roinotedl the p)rosperity of the, entire connnunit111y. lie wa a f high principles, honesty and fair dealing beino- numbered among his salient characteristics, lie was also a true type of the pioneer-, self-reliant, honest,,jnst in all his dealings, liberal and hospitable to an unusual degree. Ilie died iii March, 1901, wheii more, than ninety-two years of age, and is yet snrvived b-y his, widow. HIls namie is on the roll- of MAlcomi) county 's lonoreci dead audi lie is also umunbered aiuioncg those who laid broad and deep the foundation. for the developmient and progress of the great state of Ai\ihigani. JOIIN 1). MILLER. Johii 1). Mil11ler, dece-ased, was, for man,,y.years an honored citizen of Mfaeonb (county. lie was born in liossa, (1lermtany, in 1826, and was reared and educated in his native lanld, learning the carpenfter 's trade durnng Ii is youith. For four years lie servedl in the Prulssian armny, duiiIng, which time hie was ipromioted to the rankl of first corporal, and no sooner had he returned homie onl receiving his dlischarge than lie was drafted for service in the war between Prussia and Deninark, where he encountered maiiy hardships -and engaged in somie severe fighting. During that service he received two mnedals of honor for bravery on the lbattlefield, one of which was while the two armies wAere drawn up on each side of a river, when in order to niauke a flanik movement on the eniemy a divisioii was detailed to face the fire of the enemy and make preparcation as though to (raoss the river, thus (liverting, the eniemy 'atnii r It as scond division wNhich had govtie fat ithei down\i th~e river anMd built a ponitooti. brmdmw., thus, gettinO" across audi a-ttacking the cuetv Mxi the~ rea r. Contrary to the adlviee of his hi oolier officlers, Mfr. Millet retiredl front the mmrmy at the close of the war 011(1 caime to \nt( t a a~, thnts firfeitino" pirOlotioii ill tile (11-Ili 8u t, a; life penision to which hie was eiititled if hie hard reminamed in his mmative lanud. it wvas in I1854 that he becanne a resident of Mfacomnb counity, Milchiggan, and for Z-bout six months lie lived in M1ount Clemni(is, while iii serhif a farmn which h(e w shed to biy, Ile fina liv purchased fortv aci s of tunber land. in C I ntomi townriship, adl'ohiiiig his uncle 's lplaee, and livedi with that ocuitleimiaii for three years while (lea rino Ilhis owNii,I a ti. Iii 185.Mit 1iler inarried Mi~lss IFrmederika Frederick, a daughter of Cudl Fredbrick and a native of ('Al mnany. After Inls marriage he located u1pon hIls own farti, but aft(er res ~iing there foi eleve v I ears he sold the plade to his uncle aned bomylht one. hundre acl res froul Jeroiie Foote, inl Macoimb township, where hie miade his home until ( alled, to hIls finial rest on the 14th oif Febrnuaiyx S9185). He added to the oraiginal farm (a tract of forty acres adponngi ulrclhase d of ( hrist Cad ing; later bought forty acres of the Frank Manford farm in S-'helbyv tow -iiship) and then. one hundred amid fifty aci es in (-'h( sterfield township, sevenlty of which is MNox the homestead of his son John C., ixhili e(1i tv icres bionlgs to his son August W.TIhe otrmoinal honmestead in MNacoitib towitshmp is now the honte of his soni Jew\-ell anid the fort tvaidis Cidjoiiiiiigy this place is owvued by his so1t ( ml. It Will. thuas be seen that MAr..Mille m bft his fmum illy in1 comfortable circumistame( ( Whlenhlp11111 Cha ries lDarr of Utica toi surve( v his hind for staking out his line of fcn( s, h(e had toi 'iutp front log to log onl accomtit (if the water, and litought ait that titime hie biad miide Ca very poor 1)0 rgami, but as titte lpassedi lie con-verted the tract into a very desirable farm. Iin coitnection. with agric-ultural pursuits, lie followed his trale, of carpentering'( a idi assistcel iii buiiiding the (irarid. Triunkl railroad. bridge over the Clinton river, Ile also helped toi get (oit all the timber used in the constrnctioit of this bri~dle ait PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 235 235 Johnson Wells' sawmill, on the north branch of the river, and helped to construct the large pile driver used to drive the piling on which the bridge rests. Mr. Miller made a trip to Glermany in the fall of 1889 to visit his old home, spending three months with his brothers and sisters. Hle was a supporter of the repulliean party at national elections, iunt was always ready to vote for the best nian oi the local ticket when no issue wa's involved. lie took a very active and prominent part in church work and assisted in building the first German church on the old Romneo plank road, wlhich was built of brick made at the Gladys briekyard, one of tile first in the county. In early days he attended church services in a log barn, with its log seats, oi the Schultz farm, and later mneetings were held in Mr. Kent's cooper shop, which is still standiing on the Kent farni in Macomb township. lTpright and honorable in all the relations of life, ilr. Miller coinnianded the respect and esteem of all with whom lie eanie in contact, and to-day his sons are amongc tie 0rosperoPis aind respected farmiers of this county. EDWARD PAYA. Edward -Pa-va, who iS now living retired in fIiount Clemens, wa-lrs born in Detroit, Michig)an, November 24, 1847, his parelts being John and Jane (Ml-oore) Paya, the former a native of Quebee, Ontario, and the latter of IIarrisoil tOwlnshiip, Mfacouib county, Mlichigan. The father settled at l)etroit at ain early day anid in 1844 came to MountI Clemens. lie was a shoemaker by trade and lie followed that pursult here. After his marriage lie again spent a year in Detroit, and in 1848 lie returned to tlins eitv. Ile entered the cmploy of John and Gleorge Van Eps and at the squame time made all the w\ 0\-omm a shoes sold mn Macoaohb county. Ten iears p rior to his demise hie again took illp hIs abode in Detroit', where he dic l in 1891, at tIhe age of sixtvfive yecars. Ills widow is still living at the a(,e of seventy-eight yevairs d makes her home in Mount ( lePmes. They w-ere the parents of the follow ing childreii i dw aid MmRtildla, the wif( of William- 'Tuicker of this cityv Joseph, a st( mbro it engineer of Buffilo, New Yoik; Carrolimne then wife of M-oses MaiPAtel; Josephlinec, thie wife of John Van Deluter of Milan, M1fissouri; Al iry the wife of JoscJl1h I)aichl of Detroit, 1Iicig-an, Emma, the wife of Albert iPelkcy of i)etroit; (;Charles'. a railroad engineer of Chicago; aid Jennie, the wife of John Meyer of Detroit. One sister, Amelia, became the wife of Joseph Cotton and is now deceased; and one died in infancy. Edward Paya received bitt limited educational privileges. In early life he learned the butcher's trade and afterward worked for various butchers of Mlount Clemens, being engaged in this liue of business until 1891, with the exception of the period of the Civil war. In the year mentioned he embarked in business on his own aNccouit aid conduicted a meat market on Front street until 1902, at which time lie sold out, having in the meantime acqlulired1 a comfortable competence. Ile is now eugagedl in stock buying to sonic extent, but is larg-ely retired. At the time of the Clivil war M\r. Paya enlisted, May 27 186f35, in Clonmpany G, One HIlumidred atid Twenty-ninth Michigan Infantry. l e serve(l as orderly at Gleneral Van Cleave 'ms headquarters amid was discharged September 6, 1865, at MA, urfreesboro, Tennessee. i-1t has filled several public offices, having for two termn been city treasurer of MNonnt Clemens, to which position lie was elected ill the spriiig of 1902 and was re-elected in 1903. I-e was candidate on the dcmocr-catic ticket and at the second election was eiidorsed by the replulblicans, for so capably hadd lie filled the office that his service throghi a, secoInd1 term was desired 1)v all citizens, i e is a nmemlbecr of St. Peter 's C athol c curch, the Knighits of Columibum, iald tIme (atholic M.Alutual IBencvolent _Associaftmoim lIe is a iso connected with sever-al socimla omr~anliiations of -Mount Clemens, includincr tile ''Old Crowd,'' Hay-,eedls ai(lt the Tw mmta th (century Club. Mr. IPaVa was Inrmaiad, Ja-rnuary 31, 1871, to Miss Jaie MeCaffery, a dauo-hter of Dennis ald Ellen (Sweeny) McCaf'fery, who were njlatives of Ireland anUld for naiivy years were iesidelits of Quebec. 11cr father afterlward becanic a, business man of M.Iount C,1Cellemn"s aiid aiso served as countx treasurer oif M accomb coulnty for eighllt years. Ile died in 1885, at the ace of seventy-six years, wihile his wife passed away ii 1879, at the-I ag-e of Sixty-five years. -Mr. and Mirs. IPaya are the parents of mmine children: Nellie, the wife of Captain Bert Di lac; Maud, of Mount Clemens Jlohm. who died December 16, 1900, at the age of twe~nti-foimr; Annie, the wife of Frtank Babcock, of Mount Clemiens: Edward, deceased; Edward, who wa,,s naimlcld after the death of his older brother, and who has also passed away; Minnie, at honie; Tillie, of St. Louis, M2issouri; and Albert,, at honie. 236 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Mr. Paya niay well be called a self-made man and as the architect of hiis own fortunes he has builded wisely and well. Ie had no capital when he started out, but he possessed what is still better โ€”ene(rgy, diligence and strolng deterilnation-and these qualities have given hiui not only a good( living, but have also enalbled himlJ to secure a coimfortab)le comipetence for the evenling of life. (:IEOR(:E W. P'IILIPS. George WT. Phillips is one of the influential and leading citizens of Macolmb county, who is engagedi in real estate operations ill Roillieo and who for sixteen years lias capjably served as justice of the peace h ere. his birth occurred in Armlada townIship, Aiacom1b coluty, in 1861. lis father, the lion. George W. tPhlillips, was born in l-ilan, New York, July 17, 1829. Ilis gralindfather, Ira Phillips, was also a lnative of the lnEmpire state anld was of English lineag.e, tlhe falllil having been established iin New York at an. early vperiod in its dlevelopment. (George W. lPhillips was only two years of age when brought to M ichigan 'l y his parents. The party was accomplanied by Ira Phillips, Iand a settlemtent was lmade in Mtacombl county. The father entered la(nl, taking up a clani;i of one hundlred and sixty acres, fro(t which lie cut away the trees and cleared the tbrish Iuntil the soil wAas prepared for the plow. ie then carlried on the work of planiting aind harvesting until the farm was developed into a rich and productive territory. It is still in possession of the family and the old deed was signed by An(drew Jackson. lion (G. h. lhillips was reared upon the home farm ani d was married in 1856 to i1Iiss Lvydia Sterling, a native of Macoil)lb county landl a daughter of A. W. tererling, one of the first settlers in this portion of the state andll a man whose activity in public andl business affairs ranked him with the valued citizens here. IHe served as justice of the peace in Washington townlship for more thani forty years. Mr. Phillips also devoted his attention to farming. lie likewise figuredl prominently in political circles and was active in many lines of life that proved of benefit to his community. Ite was for two terms president and was one of the organizers of the Armada Agricultural Society, and long served as one of its directors. IHe was also one of the promoters of the Macomib County Agricultural Society and for several terms was its chief executive officer. For twelve years lhe was president of the Union Farmers Club of Romeo and for ten years president of the Mlacomb County Sheep Breeders and Wool (Irowvers Association. For two years he was a mIemlber of the board of directors of the Ronmeo Driving Park Association and was likewise a member of the State Board1 of Agriculture for two terms of six years each, having been alppointed in 1871 l)y (overnor Baldwin andl l iin 1877 by G(overlnor (Crowell. For forty yeairs he was connected w\ith the executive b)oa rd of the State Agricidltut'al Societx andl in 188( anid( again in 1881 he lwas elected its I)resi(dent. Ile hellpe)( to organize the Iaconb Coiunty Falrmners Institute and heldt several institutes. 'Thus Ialong ilanly lines his activity was exercised and proved of the utmost value to his fellow townsmen in advaicin g agricultural interests. lie was often called upon to plreside at neetings, and his thorolgh knowle-ldge of Imen and his large experience c(ombl)illd w-ith a quick intellect enabled hlm to (onltluct all conventiois in a ncmost interestilg' 111ainlter. lie lived upon the old home ftrml Iitil his death, and there reare(d his ftamily of four sons and foulr daughters, all of whom reached iiatlure years. lie died May 13, 1902. George WV. Phillips of this r(vieAw was Iereard u)pon tlte home f1arm lll l an (oltimiedl his eulcatioIn aftetr leavin the district schools in the high school of Romieo, while later lie spenit one year in ()Oberlii (College, at Oberlin, Ohio. Ini 1881 lihe went u1(pon a goverlnllen1t survey, having1 stiludietl str!veying early in life. HIe proceeded to )Dakota, w-here he held survey contracts unller (leiieral (Cortez Fessenden, and w as thus entagetd for four years. On the expiirtion of that period lhe returned to Roimeo, MIaco()mb county, where le has eiigaged in el estate and ilnsurance business. Ile was elected justice of the peace and by re-election hals continued in the office until his incumbency now covers Inore than sixteen consecutive years. During this period he has stuldied law and is well inforiled concerningl legal principles. His decisions in litigated cases are fair and imlpartial aind his official career has won him high coimmnendation. IIe has likewise miarried many couples andi in addition to discharging the duities of his office he is conducting quite an extensive real estate business, dealingr largely in property in Romeo, and IMacomb county. Mr. Phillips was married in RoImeo(, August 24, 1892, to Miss Limnda Bedell, a na (E() ORGE W.. P'IIIIJI It'S. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 239 tive of New York and a daughter of Levant Bedell, a jeweler and well-known business man of Ronieo. She was reared and educated here, -and by their marriage they have two children, Marjorie IL. and Annie. M1r. Phillips has never faltered in his allegiance to republican pIrinciples and in 1893 he served as p)resitdent of the village board and has also bIeen township comnnlitteenan. Hlis wife is a nlenlber of the Congregational church, and fraternally he is coinnected with the MIasonic lodg(e al(l chapter, in which he has filled most of the offices. tle is also a Imember of the AIaccabees, in whicli he has filled all of the chalirs. Ite is one of the p)rollinent ICenl of Rolleo, well known throlughoIut the countty and is a Tworthy successor of his father, whose value to his county inl pionleer (lays was well proved. tMr. iPhillips lhas been loyal in the support of every Ipro(gressive measure, flhas beeni found reliable in his business transactions and possesses the personal traits of character whicih insure him friendship and good will. FRANK A. CAMPAU. Frank A. Cainpau is the proprietor of the St. Clair Ilotel at Lakeside, a summer resort that has becomte popular because of the caIpable mlanagemelent of the ownier, who puts forth every effort in his power to promote the eomfort of his gluests, and has therefore secured a liberal platrolniage. IIe is amo10ng the nu11ber ( of citizens whose life record indicates the attlractiveness of Ia colll) county as a place of residence. A larg(re ullllii)er of 1her inative soins hiave illlaintailed thleir abode through life in this county-a. fact which ildicates the Iallily ilatural adtv, ntlales givent to her people as we\ll as those which have been provided by man. -Mr. Campau was born on the farmn1 where he l1now resides, October 13, 1865, anid his father, Francis Campau, was also a native of Michigan, his birth having occurred iin Detroit. As the name indicates, the famTily coIies of French ancestry, the grandfather, John Caiiipau, having been a native of France and one of the pioneer residents of Detroit. In 1832 he removed to the farm in lacolmb on which Frank A. Campau was born. The land at the time of its purchase was still in its primitive condition, but he soon turned the first furrows and in course of time opened up a, good farm. Francis Camipau was reared upon this place and after arriving at years of maturity he was married to 3Miss Lauria Mayhew, who was born in Montreal, Canada, and is likewise of French lineage. When a young man of twenty years Francis Caiiipau went upon the lakes, and for eight years was captain of a sailing vessel. lie then settled upon the old homestead farm, where lie reared his family, carrying on agricultural pursuits throughout his remnaining days. Ilis death occ)urred Decembler 14, 1899, anli he is still sulrvived by his wife, who resides with theirl soin, Frank Caumpan. There were nine n cil(drc i in the fallily, two boys anid seven girls, nanelly: MIar y, Ein;lma, Ada, Julia, Delia, lena, Ilettie, Friank and our subject. Flrank A1. (Clamppau spent the days of his boyvhoo(d iad!youth in the usual mlanner of faller la(ls of the period, mastering the branches of English learniing in the district schools, s while in thle suiniiiier months lie worlkedl in the fields. For a nluniber of yearvs lhe enogaloed il f'ari"ing and in 1896 lihe built a hotel Il)On his farm at Lakeside, which lie called the St. Clair House. IIe also put ill a neat lbar ald fitted upl this place for a smilllier 'resort, after which lie opened it to the public anld hias since bleen dloing a thriving bulsiless. lIe is one of the pulblic-spirited citizens of IMaconlb county andt takes quite an active interest in local politics as a supporter of republican principles. ITe served as township clerk for o(ne year and has been chairman of the relpublican township central coImmitittee for three or four years anld has been sent as a dele(fgate to 1niumerouls colinty, conIlressioIal. and state collnveniltiols. I e was appointed I)ostlllaster at Lakeside iiad filled that position ultil the office( waCs dliscontinued. Ile holds inellberslhii l ill Moullt Clellnens Catholic church. Ilis entire life ha s been passed in Ilar'rison towniship, IMaconib county, and he is well knlown in Mount Clemens, Detroit and this section of the state. ITe is a successful business man1, having the confidence and esteemn of the conmmunity, and his well directed efforts are bringing the result that is desired by all men who enter business life. JOSEPH RICKERT. Joseph Rickert, manager of the Park H-otel at Mount Clemens, was born in Buffalo. New York, June 29, 1850, and his parents, Frederick and Emma (Kiefer) Rickert, were natives of Germany. They came to the United States in 1850 and the father engaged in mercantile pursuits in the city of Buffalo. His wife died in 1852, and he, long surviving her, 240 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY passed away in Buffalo in 1890, at the age of seventy-two years. Their eldest son, Frederick, is also deceased. Joseph Rickert is indebted to the public schools of his native city for the educational privileges he enjoyed. In 187() he became a clerk for the Buffalo Courier Show Painting Company, the largest establishnment of the kind in the United States, and was thus connected with that business for twenty-five years, his adaptability and enterprise, however, winning recognition in promotions from one position to another. Becomiing affected with rheumatism, le resolved to test the efficacy of the Mount Clemlens baths and, coming to this city, eventually engaged in the hotel business here, succeeding Benjamin R. McArthur, at his death, as manager of the Park Hotel. This is one of the two largest hotels in Mount Clelens and has always llaintained a plaee in the front ranks of the leading hotels of this part of the country. Perhaps no one business enterprise or industry indicates more clearly the commrlercial and social status of a town than its hotels. The wide-awake, enterprising villages and cities nust have pleasant accomllllodatiolns for visitors and traveling men, and the foreign public judges of a coimmunity by the entertainment afforded to the strangers. In this regard the Park Hotel, of which Mr. Rickert is manager, is an index of the character and advantages of Mount Clemens, for the hostelry will rank favorably with those of many a larger place, and its genial mnanager neglects nothing that can add to the comfort of its guests. In 1875 Mr. Rickert was mnarried to Miss Louisa Smith of Buffalo, New York, and their children are Louis F., William J. and Mabel L. Mr. Rickert belongs to the lodge, chapter and council in the Masonic fraternity. IHe is a progressive man, ranking with the representative residents of Mount Clemens, and though his duties confine him closely to the hotel he is always interested in everything pertaining to the welfare of his conmunity and his influence may always be counted upon to further progressive public measures. MRS. KATE S. STEWART. Mrs. Kate S. Stewart is now successfully carrying on the Sherman House, which is one of the important hotels of Mount Clemens. It was erected in the summer of 1865 by Henry Conner and opened to the public in August, 1866. A three-story brick structure, it is one hundred by fifty-four feet in dimensions, contains forty-three rooms, together with parlors, etc., and is conducted strictly as a first class house, not only for the accommodation of commercial trade, but also for the occasional sojourner who visits Mount Clemens for the baths. This hotel is known to the traveling public as being the "old reliable" between Detroit and Port Huron, as is demonstrated by the large patronage it receives. Mrs. Stewart later succeeded to the ownership of the Sherman House and in its management she has displayed excellent business and executive ability. Her early training well fitted her for the position she now fills and she is meeting with remarkable success, having demonstrated her ability to carry on this well known hostelry in a most approved manner. She is a lady of good judgment and refinement and has a host of warm friends. FRANK W. ANDREWS. Frank W. And(rews, editor and proprietor of the New Baltillore Era., was born in Bergen, New York, lDecember 25, 1870, and is a son of (eorge J. and Malrian (Wright) Andrews, both of whoam were natives of the Empire state. Removi ng to Mlichligan, they settled at Battle Creek and after.ward went to Leroy, Osceola county, coming thenee to Macolmb county in 190(). Ilere the father purchased a farm near New Baltimore, where he now resides. Dr. Robert Andrews, the paternal grandfather, was a practicing physician of Bergen, New York, where he spent his entire life, and the Wright family was established in the Empire state at an early day. Frank W. Andrews was one of four children, namely: George R., a practicing physician of Detroit; Floyd E., who is engaged in the practice of law in New Baltimore; Frank W.; and Julius J., who died at Leroy, Michigan, when twenty-one years of age. Frank W. Andrews completed his literary education in the high school at Battle Creek and afterward studied medicine under the direction of his brother. TIe then turned his attention to newspaper work at Tustin, Michigan, and in 1891 purchased the Tustin Echo, which he conducted for two years. He then sold to Ren Barker of Reed City, Michigan, and engaged as business manager of a paper for a short time. He afterward became proprietor of the Morley Tribune, which he conducted for two years, and on the 1st of May, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 24I 1897, he came to New Baltimore, where lhe established the New Baltimiore Era. Here he has built up a large patronage and has a fine country newspaper devoted to local interests and to the dissemination of the general news. The paper is neat in appearance and has a large circulation, wihch makes it a good advertisitng medium. Mr. Andrews is also employed by the Marine Sugar Company as agent for the territory from Fair Haven to Detroit, Mliehigan. On the 14th of September, 1892, occurred the lmarriage of Frank W. Andrews and Anna B. Bradley, a daughter of James and Laura (Fuller) Bradley, the former a native of Indiana aind the latter of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews have done dailohter, Georgiana Rulth. Mr. Andrews belolngs to the Modern Woodmen camp. IIe is a man of fine personal lappearance, excellent physique, of good intellectual force, and in business and social circles has comlmanded the esteem and confidence of those with liwhom lie has been associated. J. ALEXANI)ER HEATH. Among the salient characteristics of J. Alexander I-eath are strong resolution and keen insight into and mastery of business conditions, and these iqualities have gained him prominence in the trade circles of the state. IIe makes his home in Richmond, but is justly regarded as a factor in the commercial life of Michigan. lie was born October 20, 1867, in the town where he yet resides, and having passed through successive grades in the public schools was graduated from the high school in 1883, at the age of eighteen years. Later he pursued a course in the Detroit Business College, completing his studies there in 1885. lie next went to California and, locating in Chico, became a dealer in fruit, continuing his efforts in that line until 1892, when he returned to Michigan, having in the meantime met with fair success during his residence on the Paefic coast. Following his return he accepted a position as buyer with the firm of McNaughton & Walker, commission mlerchants of Detroit. They were extensive wholesale dealers in beans. After a year their plant was destroyed by fire and while awaiting its rebuilding Mr. Heath purchased an interest in the firm of Johnston, Fairfield & Company, doing business at Lenox. Two years afterward the business of W. II. Acker was consolidated with that of Johnston, Fairfield & Company, and the new company was known as the Richmond Elevator Company and has so continued to the present time. When Mr. HIeath entered the firm it operated but one elevator and the business almounted to sixty carloads annually. Since that time the business has constantly and rapidly increased, being enlarged until the firm now owns and operates nine plants, situated in solle of the best market towns of eastern Michigan. They have eight elevators and sixteen warehouses with a capacity of three hundred and fifty carloads of hay and one hundred thousand bushels of grain, while employment is furnished to one hundred people. Tleir elevators and warehouses are at Lenox, New Haven, Emllet Ilickey, Avoca, Smith Creek, Valley Center, Mount Clemens, Romleo anmd Mlemlphis. They annually handle from two thousand to two thousand five hundred carloads of hay and grain, all of which is purlchased direct from the farmers, to whom they pay between six and seven lhundred thousand dollars a year, thus directly proiiiotiing the cominercial prosperity of the state. IMr. leath has been Imanager of the business from the beginning and its splendid success is largely attributable to his efforts. le has faith in the future of the hay trade anud having made a close study of conditions relative to the business, he feels that the trade would be greatly benefited by a concerted eaction of the dealers. To this end he has becomle allied with the Michiganl lay Dealers Association and the National IIay Dealers Association. Ile was president of the former in 1902 and vice-president of the latter in 1903, and in connection with these associations he has brought the same characteristics that have produced his individual success. During the first six mionths after his election to the presidency of the state organization its mlembership was doubled. On the 3d of February, 1897, Mr. H-eath was married to Miss Sadie Allenton, a native of Armada, Michigan, and a daughter of Rev. Williami Allenton, who was a leading minister of his day and took an active part in the Civil war, serving as chaplain. Mr. and Mrs. Heath have one daughter, Sadie Elizabeth. HIis fraternal relations are with the Masonic lodge at Richmond, the Mount Clemens chapter and Council, the Odd Fellows, the Foresters and the Woodmen of the World, and he is popular in these various organizations. In politics a stanch republican, he has served as treasurer of the Macomb county central committee for six years. He is yet a young man, but has already attained success that many 242 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY a man of twice his years,iight well envy. Ile is now connected with a line of business that eontribntes in large measure to the welfare and prosperity of the state. Ile is a man of distinct and forceful individuality and broad mentality, who hacs left and is leavingi0 his impress upon the coniinercial world. Althongh yet a young imal, hie hacris for a nuiniler of years been an inipor tant fictor in the developinent of natural resources of the state and in the proiaotion of those enterprises which add not aloni to his individual prosperity, but also proriiotes the genertal good of the county and stIt( iIi whel Ii he makes his home. FORD LEF MAIIILTON. Ford Lee Milton, ii-lbose well directed business affairs have ma Uible hini one of the snbt)stantial farmers of (inhsterf itld towsili), is now liviiig on section '21, where le has a valuable tract of lanud. le was born April 111, 1836, 7upon -what w-as th( old Mlilton homestead, his parents leing Joseph and Spiddy Jane (Herrimian) M1il-ton, the former a native of EI ugland and the latter of New York. Tlhc father was horn in Pawlett township, omersetscthire, England, his parents being diia:rd and T;ama-r (Lee) MAilton, also natives of England. ile was a farmer by occupation- and in 1832) he crossed thee Atlantic to Anierica, settling-, in C (hesterfield to-wnship, Miconib county. Mlichigan1. Ihere lie secured ai homestead in corrnnection with his brother, Robert l ilton anad lie, afterwa id lbouiglit a fifteen a-icre tiact of land from Joseph Ilerriman1l1l, o.n which le hnilt his home. i-le cleared his land by cutting aC11way the timber anil iuak-ing it into staves, which lie hauled to Mlount C lemens with oxen. there selling to Hlulmlhrey Shalw. lie workied at his trade in Mlouiit Clemens as a ship carpenter aiid thus the early years of his life were passed. Ile received a good education in England and recognizing its value, desired that all ciildren nigiht enjoy the samie opportunity. Therefore he helped to establish school district No. 2, near the Gratiot road on sectioi 9, and was appointed a meniber of the school board and at different times held all of the offices of the hoard. Hie was also commissioner of highways in the '50s and he was a stanch democrat, taking an active part in politics. By his sincerity and untiring efforts for the welfare of his conimunity he won for himself a name that was honored by all and his death left vacant a place that was hard to fill, lie passed away October 14, 1879, and his last words to his family were 'it is all satisfactory,'' showing that lie was ready and willingm to go. Ills fuieral was one of the largest ever held in the neighborhood, a fact which testified to the sincere regard in which lie was uniformly held by neighbors and friends. The services were conducted by Rev. Joliii Armllstrong of the, Mlethodist Episcopal church. His wife, a daughter of Joseph Hlerriman aid a native of the state of New York, died oil the old homestead October 17, 1903. There were five children of thit fnaily: Ford L., Obed Arnold, Charlotte Ain, i Gaylord Donaldson aiid Mirtliy Trea sure Foi d I Mlilton attendeed the public schools,and w as such all apt scholar that ill 1854, when emlhteen years of age, lie was gfranted a teacher's certificate aind began teachinlg iii district No. 4, Ma-colmb township, where lie remained for one term. Ile thi(n accepted a school iii the neixt district west, where lie taught for twt) terms and afterward was teacher in district No. 4 thtl S mt River district in Chesterfield tow nshiup emainino there for five ternis. itt thenm abantioned teachilng in order to give hiis mttentioii to the trade of carpeniterilng andU; joinimii which lie lieid lea rnetl lrevious to eiiteriiig upon his edutcational workc,. Ilie also beg~ai fa rmuin g Oii hIls own,1 accIoun1t onl Ilandt which hie, hati prl โ€” chlaset when seventeemi years of ag,(,,e, locateth oil thme rltelegraplli road jnst a half mlile east of his tr-esent home. TIihere he reiaineti until 1903 when lie sold out, retiring froin all active lIiusiimess. For imanv ye(airs lie has been an active a gricultuirist and this labors have brougaliht himi a very tiesirable capital. In all his business tralnsactions le was energetic and thoroughly reliable. Mr. Milton has ever taken ai active interest in the welfare of his township and his tlabors have proveth of beiefit in promoting the greneral welfare., Ie served as deputy clerk unler Erastus Q. Chamberlain in 1865; was supervisor ill 1865-6; and as treasurer filled out the unexpired term of Moses K. lBortree, who resigned iii 1865. In 1877 he was justice of the peace amid ii these various offices he discharged his duties with a promptness and fidelity that won him high commendation. In 1858-9, 1lr. Milton assisted in building the Grand Trunk railroad through Chesterfield township, the first railroad for steam MR. AND MRS. FORD L. MILTON PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY24 245 cars inl the county. W\hile onl his f arni lie helped to inake a large county diteh running alono' the east side of his place, anti all of these improvements have beein of marked be~nefit to the general public. Fraternally lie, is connected with Newv Baltimore lodge, No. 19633, Knights of Honor, in which he served as reporter for several years. lie is also a mnember of Lakie St. ( โ€”lair Iodae I. O~. F., in which hie has filled all of the chairs and is now a lpast grand In 1857 _Mr. Milton was imarried to -Miss Mary Shattuck, a daughter of Samnuel DwighIt and Milercie (Briggs) Shattuck. 11cr father was born in Hampshire county, Miassachusetts, February 15, 1811, and cailme to M\acomb coumty, _Michigoan, in 1832, settiling iim Chesterfield township where hie entered government land on the Rom-eo and _Mount Clemens road. There lie improved a, t0od farni amid took an active interest in everything perta ining to the benefit of the ccmiiiint 1 -Ic servedl as justice of time peace about 1843 and was active inl politics, givillg hIls support to tile wimig party,anti becoIlning. a, stanch champion of Ihenry Clay for tile presidency. lie wilas also ail earnest w,;orker inl the church and Sunday-school. At the tinme of the, M'.exican war lie responded to tile call for troops but was never sent to time front. Ilie diedi oil the old hlomiesteadi June 23, 1851. hlis wife was borni in MAiddIlesex township, Ontario coluity, Newv York, a daughter of Abel anti Martha Briggos. who wvere naatives of the Empire state. She came to Mlacomb coulntv iii 1834 with hier sister, with whom she remaimied until 1836, when she gave her lianti in marrriage to M,\r. Silhattuck. After her humsbands detlath she sold the farm- and came to live wirth her diaigIliter, Mrs. M~ilton, dyino here September 9, 1903. ait th e r'ipe (lid age (If ninety years. MA.r. aild MArs. Miltonl had six chilidreil Floyd. L-ee, the eldiest, ibor Felbruarv 2, 1858. married Cllristine S,-cierrebeck, a higillyv culitured lady. Ile, wa~s educated ill the public schools, was gra~duatedI fronl tile Newi Baltinior1e highi school iii 1879 aind after receivinoa teacher'~s certificate, begaml at once to teacil. lie has taught ill districts Nos. 1. 2, 4 amnd 6, Chesterfield towusilsip', a td No. 4 fracetionala, M\a~comub towllship, wvhich was his father's first school. In 1884 lie wvent to Iowa where he taughit for a number of years aend tliei turned his- attention to coiltractling1 ammld huiildmng inl the village of 'Stallnwoodi, where hie Ilas since establishled a, large fliriiture store, and in connection witll tilis coiiducts an undertaking establishment. Miertie S., born December 29, 1861, is the wife of C. J. Taylor of New Baltimore, who was engaged,ill the boot and shoe business until 1890, when hie removed to his mlother 's farm, of wvhich he is 11ow tile owner, having prosperedc iii his agricultural pursuits. Melva S., born April 20, 1864, died Mlay 13, 1870. Fred L., born April 14, 1866, died August 1, 1866, and both children were interred in the Chesterfield U~nion burying ground. Frank L., born August 24, 1871, married M\iss Jennie Marsrick, a, daughter of Phillip and Gertrude Marsrick, of Chesterfield township, and is a, prosperous farmner of Lemiox township..Mettie S., borii February 22, 1874, was marrned ill 1891 to Frank Durell who, a few moilths after, while milaking, his first trip up tue lakes, was drowined during, a heavy storml, the boat being wrecked mnear White Fisii point in Lake Suiperior. Onl the 29th (If,Jine, 1892, Ilis witiow ibecamue the wi fe (If E. J,. Vovillia, a prosperoils farmer of Ray towvnship, who also follows blacksmithil11g. i\r. _Milton has every reason to be pronti of his faniily, for his clmildremm have madie creditable records and tiley ill turll ia ve reasoii to rejoice iii what Mfr. M~\ilton has acconlplislied. IHe has indeed becim anl hionored. ailt worthy ciie to his comluimi'ltv, because of his activity in busimless. In pl)Ofitis antid in public affairs lie has contributed in 11( smiall degree to the slibstailtial ilinlproveillemnt to tilis Ilart of the state. EARL W. WATLES. Ea-rl \\T Wales, a hproimniict rehpresentative (If ag'ricuiltulral and Imortieniittral interests iii M'lacoialb collilty, hivillg1 on sectiomi 17, Shelby towntship, was born December 1-3, 1857, in all old house micar whlere the gravel pit (If Nortll Utica is now fouind. his p~arenlts were Willarol Amios and Amy Ann (Chapmlani) Wales, time latter a (laigil-ter of,Johmn C. Chapniman, who was oime of the first settlers of Sheliw towlsiiip. M.\r. Wales,~ pur-sued his edileatioli_ iii the Eweli school amid Disco Academy, -aimd after ptigaside his text-hbook~s lIe engraged in drivinig trotting horses on the trackr for somnie timme. Ile. is now carrying on gemieral fanningii aend frilit raisiilg, b~einlg deeply interested in hlorticmlhtire. lie has tllree acres lplaltedi iii strawberries, -aild his opiniiomns regrarding the cultivation of this f ruit arc received as,althiority in tile coilnumlmuty. Ile also raises other fruits and everything about 246 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY his place is kept in excellent condition. He lives upon the farm which his father purchased from the government, having here sixty acres of land, while his brother also owns sixty acres of the old estate. On the 2d of December, 1883, Mr. Wales was married to Miss Rachel Oddy, a daughter of William and Sarah (Dudley) Oddy, who were both natives of New York and camle to Michigan in 1856. MAr. Oddy was a farmer by occupation and owned property in Disco, where he died in 1900, while his wife passed away in 1886. Mrs. Wales was born December 12, 1866, and l)prslued her edlcation in Disco. Unto o01r subject and his wife have been born five children: IElmett, born Decelmber 14, 1885, died when ten vears of age. Ward Amos, borln May 1 3 1887, was educated in the district schools nd. is at home; Irvin S., b)orll Novelnl)er 13, 1888, is attending school. l(erbert, born Jlune 25, 1897, died at the (age of sixteen months. ( ertie Maiy, bornl Jlianuary 3, 1893, collpletes the fmnily. Mr. WAales is a repullblicani, but ha s never asp)ired to office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his l)ulsiness affairs, and he now has a splecndidly improved property while his well directed efforts are bringing him very desirable success. AUGUST F. REINECKE. August F. Reinecke, wlio is president of the village of New Baltimore, wN\he re he is engagedl in general nerlchandisillg, was 1)ornl in Germany, January 4, 1856, hlis parents being Frederick G. and Elizabeth (Ilceineman) Reinecke, who were also born0l ill (lermlany. They came to America in 1869, settling in New Baltilnore, Awhere the father worked as a laborer. Ile died at the age of seventy-five years and his widow is yet living in New Baltimore. In their family wN-ere eight children, namely: Frederick, of Bay City, Michigan; MAinnie, now deceased; lenlry, who is livin in Saginaw, Michigan; Alugust F.: Gust ave, who died in Germany; Christopher, alslo a resident of Saginaw; Charles, who also niikes his home in New Baltimore; and Williamll, deceased. August F. Reineeke pursued his education in the public schools of Germany until thirteen years of age, when he came with his parents to the United States. Here he at once began work in a sawmill at New Baltimore, in which he was employed for four years. At the age of eighteen he secured a position in the grocery store of Charles Wanke, in New Baltimore, where he continued for two years, and later he was in a general store owned by C. L. Bradish for a year, or until the death of his employer. ile afterward worked for William Baker in the same line for a year, and in 1878 he went to Marine City, Michigan, where he secured a clerkship in a general store. After a few months, however, he returned to New Baltimore, and the following spring he went to Richmond, Michigan, where for four years he acted as salesman ini the general store of Cooper & Son. tIe was next il Capac, Michigan, where he purchased the general store of Coho & Son and, forming a partnershipl with:George C. Patch under the firnl style of Patch & Reinecke, conducted the business for a year. At the end of that time lie puri chlased his partner's interest and coniducted the store on his own account until just prior to his return to New Baltimlore, whlen lie sold out. Again comling to this place, he plurchased the general store of George C. Walker and entered into partnership with Ilermnaln tIeineiman as the senior nalember of Reinecke & Ileilnemlan for two years. By purchasinlg his partner 's interest MlrI. Reinecke became sole prop)rietor and has since conducted his store with constantly (gowing success. lie carries a large and well selected stock of general 11merchandise, which because of its tasteful 1armrangenment proves attractive to the public, and his honorable dealings anid earnest desire to please his pIatrons insure him a contiiiiance of their business support. IMr. Reinecke is a manll of excellent business and executive ability, resourceful and enterprising, iad lie carries fowarld to successful completion whatever lie undertakes. Hie has not limited his efforts to one line, but has been the promoter of a niunber of leading business concerns in this tow n. Ile was instrumiental in establishing the New- Baltimlore Creamery Company in 1898 andl is now one of its directors. lie was promloter of the New Baltimore Elevator Company, in 1900, and has been vicepresident since its organization. In community affairs he is also active and enterprising and the town has been benefitted by his efforts in its behalf. lie has several times served as a member of the council, has been treasurer, also assessor of the village and treasurer of his township. He was elected president of the village in 1899 and has since served in that capacity, giving to New Baltimore a progressive administration and one which has proved of practical value in the advancement of its interests along many lines. On the 16th of August, 1878, Mr. Reinecke was married to Miss Mary Gross, a PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 247 daughter of August Gross of New Baltihmore. Their children are: Louise, the wife of Gustav 1 ufflner of Detroit; Clara, the wife of Charles Yearn of MIarine City, Michigan; IHerman, who is a traveling salesman; Allma, Marguerite and Mabel, all at homte. Mr. Reinecke is a memlbber of the German Lutheran church and lie also belo:ngs to the Knights of Maccabees and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. lc hias,eeii coiiimander a and finance a:l recor(d keep(er inl the Maccalees lodge and hals l)een nolble grand in the Odd Fellows lodge, wllich lie has also irepresented( in the gra 11(1 ()( Ige. Ie was inst rm enltal in organ-( - izimig' lb)lth of tllese lod(g(es:i: New Baltiamore aiid has takell a very active a1)rllt in their work. lie is tri ill a self-ade (i(oan wll: o h.has gained hist success umi i(de(, l)aci g ilis dependence entirely l11pol his vown (tefoirts. ell is rl ecognizedl las; a( oo(l (itize(i, ki:nd (eighbol and a devoted Iusbal)d (ald flther aln is )popularI in New 'altimollre a (:1d wherelver lknown. RIOBE RT KLAGG (,( E. Rob)ert Klagge, one of the leading florists in this part of tlhe coluntry, was born in G(ermany in 186(4 an( is a soin of JoIn, a(nd Eva Klage, whIo wereL i also natives of the fatherland and )bcamle residents of IAloiut ( 1lelens in 1885. I ere the father (ied in 19(-3, at the (age of eighty-three years, but the mtother is still living arnd has reached the age of eigohty-four years. DI)uring his boyhood Robert Klagge attended the publlic schools of his native ld and reinailned in that counitry until 1881, when ihe crossed the ocean and located in Detroit, Michigan, where he founld eiiip:loyment in the Breitlneyer greenholuses. lie woriked for that firmi, both in Detroit and IMount C-lemens, until 1893, when hle began business for himself in a small way at his resent location, 154 Gutschow street, at first growing only vegetables, but e soon merged the enterprise into general floriculture. His early training had thoroughly skilled himn in the business, and it was not long before his efforts were crowned with success. By constant study, close attention to detail and a natural aptitude for the art of growing beautiful plants, Mr. Klagge was soon at the head of an important industry. Besides his local trade he has built up a good wholesale trade in Chicago and Detroit, his flowers being handled by the best dealers of those cities, and he now ranks second among the florists of the state in the amount of busi ness done annually. During the last few years Michigan has become one of the important states in the growing of flowers to be cut for the miarket and few of the large growers have made miore progress than Mr. Klagge. He began business in Mount Clemens with only two greenhouses, twenty by one hundred feet in dienisions, but now has one hundred thousand feet of flower beds under glass, in which he grows violets, roses, carnations and other popular flowers to be cut for the trade. Forinerly he lade a specialty of violet culture alld led the imlarket in those flowers, being knowni as the Violet Kilng.' Ile has won minany imllportaniit prizes in floral shows in both Chlica'Loo land Ietroit, lwhere he had for r'ival c() ompetitors gro\Nwers froli all over the colluntry, an d chi a ntirons atios have also \won pr:izes in several exhibits. Naturally his outpult, beilng of the best, finds a ready sale ever'ywhere at high prices. Besides his extensive grieenlhouses, 3r. KlaFge has also tell acles of ground dlevoted to the growth of outdoor plants for cut flower purpl'loses. iti lish t is entie estalinot only one) of the largsest ill this part of the Urnited States but is o()e of the iimost modern,and well equipped that mitoneyx and experience can procure. The plant, for which a five-horse power enginle was oce sulfficient, niow requires one hulndred land fifty-holrse power. Mr. Klagge is ably. assisted )y eioght skilled workmen and is now at tihe head of a model floral estal)lishmlent which is an hionlor both to its ownler and to MIoullt Clemens. In 1887 lie was imarried to AMrs. Wilhelmlina Walz, daulghter of John Breitnieyer, of Detroit. She died in 1903, at the age of fortytwo years, leaving six children, namely: Rickie, Hattie, Rosa, Anna, IAn erman and Georoe. HIis political support is given to the men and measures of the republican p)arty, and lie is a. memlber of the Germanr Evangelical church. -te is a worthy representative of that class of citizens who lead quiet, industrious, honest anld useful lives and constitute the best portion of a community. GEORGE F. MILLER. George F. Miller, who follows farming on section 10, Chesterfield township, is a worthy representative of one of the honored pioneer families of this county. He was born January 7, 1859, on the farm where he now resides, his parents being James and H-annah (Card) Miller, the former also a native of Macomb 248 248 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY county and the latter of New York state. His paternal grandfather, James Miller, was born in M\ontreal, Canada, and inl the early part of the nineteenth century came to Macomb eounty, settling near Mount Clemens in Harrison township. At that time the only road cut through the county was the (Iratiot road and hie had to clear away the trees in order to make a road to his own place. Ile experienced the usual hardships and privations which fall to the lot of the, early settler and bore his part in the early development and upbuilding of this region. Hlis son, James Miller, the father of our subject, was born'l inl Harrison township, in 1_820. and was educated in the district schools. Ile remained with his father, aiding~ in the cultivation of the homle farm, until twlenty-one years of agwhen he beoau farming Onl hIls own aeeount, buying the Frank Averyplc in Chesterfield township. Ilie subseq 1 ently purchased twenty acres adjoining-, and still later h~onizhlt tenl aeres onl the west side of the road. Throughouit the years of hli- active l)llsmnes~s life lie followed farming, but in 1908 lie turnedl over the heavier bur-dens of the farm to his son C eorg(e and is nlow Ipiactically living~ retired 111)01 the ten-acre tract lireviouslv mentioned. Atthoughi now en~lhtv-hv~e years of agoe hie i-; stilt quite strongy and( active and cant do a 111811s work in 0aivigo thle farm inOf the eleven children born to himself aend w if only two are now livxinii 11 enry who is a crpenter by traidemu lives with his faither mad (eorg-~e F. w hos( na"me introdiice's tlns skteth. I'he disti ict schools of the (couitv afPordedl (l'eoroce F. Miller the educaitionaul advantages he (inloye (iIn youth, a11( under his father's able dir-etion hie early hwanie m f amil iar with the wor01k of the farm. He 1151() learmiecl the carpenter's trade, which h le followed fromt 1884 until 191081, when he took ch~arg-e of the limome farm for- his father and is now Succesull eng-aged inl its operation. Onl th-11e 25th (if M~arch, 18883, was celebratedl the m11ar1riagYe of Mlr. M2iller and Miss Natncy J. Ihill. dauuz,,hter of i-avid caiid Jeiinie11 (Brown) Ilill, of Chesterfield township. 11cr lparelmts were natives of Canada, th(eir earlvhome being at llillsdale near Toronto, iid 1n1 1870 they caine to Miaconl) county, Michfigin, locating- first in Chesterfield townslill) w heie they spent two years. They then ramove d to Lenox tomvn!hip, near New haven, wAhere they still reside. There, were six childre (1 brn to them, all of whoin are still livino' two sonis residingr ill Detroit, while two sHona 1n(d tu o daugh-lters still live in Maconib county. Mr. and Mrs. Miller had four children but Mildred C. died December 9, 1886, and Don C. died MAarch 9, 1890, those still living being Harry W. and Jessie B. Fraternally Mr. -Miller is a; member of New hlaven tent, No. 174, K. 0. T. AL, in which he has filled the chair of first inaster of g'uards. Ilie is a, hard-working, industrious and respected farmer, having the confideiice and good wvill (if all with whom he had been broinght in contact either in business or social l-ife. JOHN 11. C. GCARVIN. John II. C. (larvinl, who was born in Genesee counlty, New York, Decemnber 18, 1826, (lied at M~ount Cleme,'ns, Mlichitan, October 28, 1899. His liaretits, John,and Olive (Baconm) (iarvin, were nmatives of the Gireen Mountam state adaanery (lay renmoved to New ork, whence, inS12, the father came to Mihgnstlno i Ray township, Mlacomb county. In the spring o(f IS1885 they remnoved to Macomb townushmip settling upon a tract of land of one hundhed and sixty acres of the southw~est qmuarter of section 2. rThis land wa piurchased frin01 thgoerimn n in consequence w as w ild anut unimproved. The fathier was aI carpmenter,and joine ad built a hous-e, for Colonel Norman Perry, which was among the first. frame lbuiildings cerected1 in this hart of' the state. lHe followed c~arpentering for a number (if years, making it hIs main bnsiness, and he also worked at shipbuildinig In AMount Cleniens, ill the Winter of 1884-5. 1lis wife died August 80, S6185.' in the seventy-fourth year of her age, her Imirthm having. occurred April 12, 1792. Politicallv Mrl. (Aarvill Wva awhig InIO. erly life anld later b)ecam -inc stanch republican. Both lie and hIs wife, held memb~ership in the Christianm chnrch, taking0 anl aRctlive part in its,, work, and their two dan1101ihters also became mactubers. The fat her was except~iona IIy well ver.~~ed in time Bible. lie possessed a strong-, mindi~ 811( retentive Ineilmor and was aiccustowed to gIV(ne much (if his; time to iv,~ading, so tat h kep well informed onalgerl mlatters (if interest, aiid in del)ate lI e was abl1)e to p~revelt Ca strongl argumnent, Hie took anl activ an helpful part In the mtra imiprovemient anUd progiess of easterni Michiga'l anld aided in cuttingd the road from ha,-y towins~hip to his farm. Iin Macoiiib towushlil) ami,1d over this road hie imioved his personal MRS. ROSANNAH GARVIN JOHN H1. C. GARVIN. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 253 property to his new home. When he came to Michigan he was accompanied oy his wife, two daughters and a son, and his daughters were amnong the first teachers in this part of the country. Two children of the family died in early youth. John t11. C. arvin was reared upon the old home farm, amid the har(dships, difficulties and environments of pioneer life, and he continlled to remain there until his father sold the property and removed to Washington township. lie then went to work with his father, having previously learned the carpenter's trade under his direction, and he followced that purslit continuously lor fifteen years, while later he worked at odd jobs to some extent. In 1850 ihe bought his homestead farm in Ni Mlacomb township and there resided until November 12, 1885, when he remloved(l to AMoulnt Clenens, takinol up his abode in his newly erected residence at No. 1()4 G(rand averue, where lie spent his remailing days. On the 15th of Deeember, 1851, Mr. (:arvill was 1married to Aiss Rosannah Harris, a dauglhter oi Jacob and iElizabeth (Oziah) HIarris, who clame from New Y ork to the state of Michigai i ill 1830, settling in the neighborhood where lived the ( airvin fanily. Mr. and MIrs. Hlarris were natives of Ulster county, Niew York, the grandfather living at New P'altz, that state. Jacob H 1arris was born April 10, 1791, and died June 13, 1864, while his wife, who was born January 1, 1792, in AIonroe coiuty, Pennsylvania, died November 27, 1872. They came to Michigan from (Genesee county, New York, by way of Detroit, arriving at that village-for such it was then-on the steamer Henry Clay, May 14, 1830. MIr. I-arris left his family at Detroit and went after help to move them and his goods to a temporary abode. lHe secured two hundred and forty acres of wild timber land on section 35, Washington township, having purchased this tract from the goverlnment the year before, his deed being signed by Andrew Jackson, then president of the United States. lie obtained the services of Wilkes L. Stuart and two others, each having a pony team, and returned to Detroit for his family and household effects. He then started on his journey to his new home, going by way of Rochester, and arrived in Washington township after two days' wearisome travel. Their log cabin was soon built and here amid pioneer surroundings the family home was established. Many hardships and difficulties incident to frontier life came to them, but in due time they were enabled to secure the comforts of the older civilization of the east and when some years had passed lMr. Harris built a commodious ldwelling near the site of the old log cabin. In 1831, in colmpany with Brainard Rowley and Benchard Troop, he made a trip to Detroit with ox teams for flour and salt. It required one week to accomplish the journey an(d lie had to pay sixteen dollars a barrel in gold for the flour. Upon the old homestead farm which lie developed and improved, IMr. and Mrs. Iarris spent their remaining days. They were the parents of ei'ght children: Jonathan W., Milton, Darius, Cyrus, Cynthia, Rosannah, Sarah A. and Ainanda. The ancestry of the Harris famlily can be traced still farther back. Jacob Harris was one of a family of eleven children-seven sons and( four dcauglters-who were born unto Henry and Polly IHarris. Ienry liarris was )born ill New 'altz, Ulster county, New York, in 1761, and when only fourteen years of age he joined the Anierican army at the outbreak of the Revolutionary war and served in Washington 's division until the close of hostilities and the establishment of independence. Sooni after the war, in recognition of his faithful service, he was given eiglht hundred acres of land in eastern New York. One of his seven sons was Joseph Harris, who moved westward, settling at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, when that town was a military station. Henry IHarris' father was born in Westchester county, New York, and his grandfather was a native of England, whence he came to the new world, settling on Manhattan island when it was in possession of the Dutch. lHe purchased ninety acres of land bordering on Broadway, now the most important thoroughfare of the city of New York. This he leased for village lots, while he moved to White Plains. This, over a quarter of a century ago, came into possession of his descendants, who still reside at White Plains, the lease having run out. John H1. C. Garvin was a republican in his political views and was a warm supporter of the party. Ile also belonged to the Masonic fraternity and he took great interest in various gaines and sports, being a member of the "Old Crowd." ITe was also ever ready to do any good work and he enjoyed life to the fullest extent. lHe possessed a character that commanded respect and confidence everywhere, and while joy and happiness were his lot it was because of a genial, kind 254 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ly nature and never secured at the expense of the pleasure, the happiness or the success of others. Ile passed away in Mount Clemens, October 23, 1899, and his death was the occasion of deep and widespread regret. ALBERT MILLER. Albert Miller, one of the well known citizens of Macomb county, now living retired in Richmond, was born in Orleans county, New York, August 12, 1846, and is a son of Caleb Miller, whose birth occurred in the same county. The mother bore the _maiden name of Elmira Whitcomb and was born in Vermont. In 1846 the parents renmoving to Michigan, settled in Richnmond township, Mlaconmb county, three miles west of the town of Richmond, where Mr. Miller carried on farming for several years. Ile then removed to another farm two miles from his first location, and in addition to the cultivation of this tract of land he owned a foundry which he conducted for twenty-four years. lie was likewise owner of a grist and saw mill and through his varied investments he conducted an extensive business. Ile was regarded as one of the leading and representative citizens of his community, his trade relations proving of benefit to the locality as well as a source of profit to himself. In all matters relating to the general welfare he took a helpful and beneficial interest. In his family were seven children, of whom three are now living: Albert; Isadora, the wife of Ttenry Whitcomb, who is livinlg three miles west of Richmond; and Theodore, who is now engaged in the excelsior business in Detroit. Albert Miller spent his boyhood days on the home farm and worked in the fields through the summer months, while in the winter seasons he attended the district schools. He became interested in the foundry and milling business with his father and this business relation was continued until a few years prior to the father's death. They built a foundry in Richmond and upon the father's death the property was divided, Theodore Miller taking charge of the foundry, while Albert Miller remained at home. After a few years he sold his farming interests and in 1888 settled in Richmond, where he embarked in the foundry business, his brother removing to Detroit. Albert Miller thus represented the iron industry at this point for three or four years, after which he sold out. His brother also owned a hardware business in which he became a partner and this store was sold upon the brother's removal to Detroit. At length Mr. Miller traded his foundry for a farm located two miles northwest of Richmond and there engaged in the cultivation of the soil for two years. At the end of that timte he disposed of his land and again took up his abode in Richinond, where he has since practically lived retired. IHe was for many years an active, enterprising business Ilman, widely and( favorably known throughout his community because he was found trustworthy in all business transactions, while his diligence and perseverance proved the foundation of a very desirable success. Albert Miller was married, July 2, 1870, to Miss Eliza Smith, of Macom-b (counlty, a dlaughter of William S. Smith, one of the pioneer residents of this part of the state. Their children are: Caleb S., (1ilbert E., who was educated in the public schools and is now in St. Louis, Missouri, and Mabel Maud, who is attending school in Adrian, Michigan. Caleb S. Miller, who is classed with the representative young business men of Richmiond, Macomb county, was born on the old famlily homestead November 4, 1871, and l-mastered the branches of English learning taught in the district schools. IIe joined his father in a plartnership in the foundry business ill 1888 and( was thus connected with the industrial1 interests of Richlonld until 1896, when he traded his foundry for a; farm. The foundry was a brick buildin'g, fifty by one hundred feet alnd four stories in height. The miachine shop was fifty,by one Ihundred and twenty feet an(d the asseml'lli)g roo) sixty by nillety feet. At one tiell employment was flurnished to one lhundred and fifty men. The foundry was established for the maInufacture of agricultural irmplemlents Ibt later was largely used for the manufacture of stoves, and a large export trade was enjoyed by the firm. When his uncle removed to Detroit the Art Stove Compainy was organized and has since become a portion of the large combine. Following the uncle's removal to Detroit, Caleb Miller and his father continued the manufacture of agricultural implements until they disposed of their foundry. This was one of the most important productive industries of Richmond and proved a source of profit to the owners. After living for a time on the farm Caleb Miller returned to Richmond and was with the Peninsula Cement Company of Jackson, Michigan, which he represented until 1902, when he purchased an interest in the MR. AND MRS. JOHN GARVIN MR. AND MRS. JACOB HARRIS PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 257 wholesale egg business of this village and has since been identified therewith. On the 7th of August, 1897, occurred the marriage of Caleb Miller and Margaret W. Freeman, a daughter of Thomas Freeman, who was the originator of the present egg business now conducted under the firm name of Weter, Fanning & Company, of Richmond, Michigan Mr. and 1Mrs. Miller have one son. Thomas Ilarop. In his fraternal relations Mr. Miller is a Mason. Ile has a wide and favorable acquaintance in the county where his entire life has been passed and today he is associated with one of the most important industries of this section of the state, the business having reached a very extensive figure. EDWARD A. IIEINE. Edward A. IHeine, a well known and popular citizen of -Mount Clemens, who for many years has been connected with the Mount Clemens Savings Bank, was born in that city on the 18th of August, 1865, and is a son of William and Theresa (Olde) Ileine, both natives of Germany. The Heine family were representative citizens of the north of Germany and in that country the father was reared and educated but caine to America when a youlng nian. lie first located in New Baltimlore, Michligcan, but afterward removed to Mount Cleiaens, where he was engaged in mlerchandising for thirty-eight years, though by trade he was a cooper, having followed that occupation in his native land. In 1905 he disposed of his store anll is now living retired, enjoying a well earned rest and the fruits of former toil. Edward A. IHeine is the fourth in order of birth in a family of six children. At the usual age he entered the public schools of Mount Clemens, where he was a student until he attained the age of fourteen years, and afterward spent one year at the Detroit Business College. On leaving that institution in 1881, he entered the Mount Clenmens Savings Bank, which at that time was only four years old, and served as bookkeeper for ten years, after which he was promoted to teller, a position he now holds. IIe has always taken a keen interest in the business of the bank, which has become one of the oldest and strongest financial concerns in this part of the state, and not a little of its success is due to his untiring labor. The bank has had a gradual, healthy growth, due to the safe conservative business policy followed by those in control. On the 22d of June, 1887, Air. HIeine was united in marriage to Miss Augusta Behnke, a daughter of Christian Behnke, of Mount Clemnens, and they now have three children: Felicitas H1., Austin W. B., and Bernhardt E. C. The family hold menmbership in the German Evangelical church and Mr. Heine is identified with a number of secret societies, including the Knights of the Maccabees, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Woodmen of the World. Ile is also a prominent Mason, belonging to MAount Clemens lodge, No. 6, F. & A. A., of which he was steward for six years; secretary of Mount Clemens chapter, No. 69, R. A. Al., for twelve years, and was for five years treasurer of Mount Clemens Council, No. 8, R. & S. M. His political support is given the republican party and he takes quite an active and prominent part in public affairs, his influence carrying weight in the councils of his party. In 1900 he was elected alderman from the second ward for a term of two years, has been superintendent of the poor for the past two years, served two years as assistant chief of the fire department, and is now serving as treasurer of the Mlount Clemens fire department, with which he has been connected since fourteen years of age. He is a man of strong character, firm, considerate, careful and painstaking, and he commands the respect and confidence of all with whom lie comes in contact, either in business, social or political life. FRANK E. LATHROP. Frank E. Lathrop, who is conducting a general store in Armada and in his life exemplifies the typical spirit of the west, where energy and enterprise have been the dominant qualities of the people, leading to the rapid and substantial development of this portion of the country, was born February 7, 1865, in the village where he yet resides. He comes of an old New England family, his greatgrandfather having been the Rev. Joseph Lathrop, a noted minister who for sixty-five years was pastor of the Congregational church in West Springfield, Alassachusetts. His son, Edward Lathrop, was born in Connecticut and came to the west from Springfield, Alassachusetts. Making his way to Michigan he took up land from the government and began farming, assisting materially in the early agricultural development of this part of the state. 258 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMAB COUNTY His son, Elisha D. Lathrop, was born in the village of Armada, December 25, 1839, and was reared to the occupation of farming but afterward turned his attention to merchandising and for a number of years was associated in commercial pursuits with his brother, C. A. Lathrop. Their partnership was dissolved in 1876 and Elisha D. Lathrop then carried on business alone. Ile married Miss Mary J. Kellogg, a native of Ray, Michigan, and a daughter of George and Eliza J. (Prentiss) Kellogg. Her father was born in the state of New York and became one of the pioneer residents of Ray township. Mr. Lathrop departed this life March 5, 1905, and is still survived by his wife, who was born December 23, 1839, and is therefore in her sixty-sixth year. Frank E. Lathrop is the only living representative of his branch of the family in Macomb county. Hie pursued his education in the schools of Armada and in Detroit Business University, being a graduate of both. He has always been identified with mercantile interests and is to-day the proprietor of a general store in his native town. He carries a large line of goods, carefully selected, and his earnest desire to please his patrons combined with his unremitting diligence and honesty above question have made him a leading representative of trade circles here. Tie carries dry goods and shoes and is now sole owner of the store which was established by his father, who not only owned this property but had a valuable farm of one hundred and twenty acres. In 1888 Mr. Lathrop was united in marriage to Miss Ruth Barrows, a daughter of Hiram and Agnes (Little) Barrows, the former a farmer. They had one child, Lawrence Barrows, who was born May 27, 1891, and is now a student in the high school of Armada. The wife and mother died June 4, 1891, and Mr. Lathrop has since married Jean HIlamilton, a daughter of Dr. William B. and Sarah (Stone) Hamilton, the former for many years a practicing physician of Columbiaville, Lapeer county, Michigan. Mrs. Lathrop belongs to the Congregational church and is well known in social circles, while over their own home she presides with gracious and charming hospitality. She belongs to the Order of the Eastern Star and Mr. Lathrop has various fraternal relations, being identified with the Odd Fellows lodge, the Supreme Maccabees and the Modern Woodmen of America. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and his fellow townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability, have called him to office. IHe served as city alderman and city treasurer and has always been found loyal to the trust reposed in him, whether in office, in business life, or as a private citizen. He has always lived in Armada and by his carefully managed business affairs and active co-operation in movements for the general good he has contributed in no small degree toward the improvement and upbuilding of his home locality. AUGUST VON BOESELAGER. August von Boeselager, although yet a young man has gained for himself a place in the first rank of the leading representatives of the business interests of Mount Clemens. IIe is a native of Hanover, Germany, born May 16, 1875, and is a son of Maximilian and Clara (Von Oer) von Boeselager, both of whom were also natives of Germany, where they spent their entire lives. The ancestry of the family can be traced back through three centuries, the representatives of the name being worthy and respected citizens of the fatherland. August von Boeselager pursued his education in Germany, attending the high and military schools, and at the age of eighteen years he bade adieu to friends and native land and sailed for America, hoping that he might win success through the business opportunities afforded in the new world. Owing to the fact that a favorite uncle had come to these shores and had settled near Portland, Oregon, Mr. von Boeselager resolved to go to that city, but upon reaching Detroit he communicated with his uncle and found that he intended to return to Germany. Mr. von Boeselager therefore resolved to remain in Michigan and in consequence has become a successful business man of this state. IHe was at first employed at the city park for one year, after which he removed to Battle Creek, Michigan, where he continued for two years, being in the employ of the firm of McCray & Cole, florists. lie afterward went to Port Huron, Michigan, where he remained for three years in the employ of Matt Ullenbruch, a florist. IHe next went to Buffalo, New York, where he entered the flower store conducted by Will Zimmerman, and in 1901 he came to Mount Clemens, where he was employed in Robert Klagge's greenhouse in the spring of 1903. On the 15th of March of that year he purchased seven acres of land from William Can PAST AND PRESENT OF MIACOMB COUNTY field, adjoining Mount Clemens near the northern border, and erected a greenhouse, having twenty-one thousand feet under glass. lie mlakes a specialty of the production of carnations, violets, sweet peas and roses. Ile gives particular attention to cut flowers and )beldding plants and beside the work auxiliary to the hothouse he grows nursery stock, including fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, bearing plants and in fact all kinds of hardy plants that can be grown outside the greenhouse. lie is to-day the proprietor of one of the finest and most modern floral establishments in the state, so far as its equipment and management are concerned. In the brief time that he has been established in Mount Clemens he has conducted a very successful business and has found it necessary to add to his original three greenhouses four more, and has greatly ilncr(eased their capacity in order to meet the de(Iiands of the Mount Clemens trade and to supply his wholesale customers in outside cities. Altogether he now has twenty-one thousand square feet under glass. The plant is equipped with a boiler of sixty horse-power and the chimney is sixty-five feet high. In the spring of 1904 Mr. von Boeselager erected a handsome new residence which is equipped with the Germlan style of finishing inside. It is entirely modern and in fact is one of the flie homes of the city. He is a Ilember of the Knights of Columbus and is interested in all that pertains to public progress. On the 20th of September, 1904, Mr. von lBoeselalger nas mlrried to Miss Gabrielle, a dauighter of J. J. Noeker, of Detroit, Michiganl. '1lhe hlave a pleasant home in Mount Cleenies, where they have made many friends. Altholuh ta resident of the city for but a brief period, Mr. von Boeselager has gained a place amlong its leading business men and has developed an enterprise of extensive proportions. His success is being continually augmented as the result of his thorough understanding of the business, his capable management and untiring energy and he may well be classed with the representative residents of this city. RUSSELL T. HAZELTON. Russell T. Hazelton, who follows farming and dairying on sections 14 and 23, Ray township, was born where he now resides March 17, 1849. l-e is a son of Thaddeus Hazelton, whose birth occurred in New York in 1812 and who, when a young man, removed to Canada, whence he afterward came to Michigan, casting in his lot among the early settlers of Macombl county. Ile married Miss Louisa Roberts, a native of Connecticut, where she was reared. In order to make a home for his xwife Mr. llazelton began clearing a tract of land upon which he erected good buildings and in course of time he developed a productive farm which returned him good crops annually. Ile lost his first wife and later married again, spending his last years in St. Clair county where his death occurred. In his family were eight children, seven of whom reached adult age but only three are now living. The eldest is Iiram Hazelton of Detroit, who was a prominent business man and manufacturer of Macomb county, being thus identified with its development for years. -IHe owned sawmills, also stave and heading mills and lmanfactured lumber, staves and heading on ain extensive scale. Hle also conducted a sash, door and blind factory in Macomb county for a number of years and was a promlinent representative of its lumber interests. Nellie I azelton resides with her brother Russell. In taking up the persolnal history of Russell T. Ilazeltoi we present to our readers the life record of one who is widely and favorably known in Macomb county. The days of his boyhood and youth were passed under the parental roof. Ile removed with his father to a place in Lenox township and it was there that his mother died. He continued to assist in the operation of his father's land until sixteen years of age, when he started out to earn his own living by working by the month for his brother Hiram in the sash and door factory at New Baltimore. There he remained for two years, at the end of which time his brother purchased and operated a sawmill at New Haven and Russell T. IHazelton remained with him in the conduct of the enterprise for twenty years. Ile was then sent to Washington, Macomb county, where he built a sawmill and engaged in the manufacture of lumber, staves and heading. He operated a plant at that point for about thirteen years and in the meantime he purchased the old homestead which his father had opened up and improved. Locating thereon he began farming about 1894, and has since devoted his time and energies to agricultural pursuits. He is a stockholder in the New Haven Elgin creamery, to which he furnishes milk, and is well known as a substantial farmer, stockraiser and dairyman and the different 260 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY branches of his business are proving profitable, returning him a gratifying income. In October, 1870, Mr. Hazelton was married in the town of Lenox, Macomb county, to Miss Harriet Dusett, who was born and reared in this county and is a daughter of Alanson and Betsy (Chase) Dusett. Mrs. IIazelton died about 1877. There were two children by that marriage but one died in infancy. The other is Jessie, the wife of Colon Brownlee, who is engaged in the manufacture of lumber at Cleveland, Tennessee. On the 1st of January, 1879, in New Haven, Mr. Hazelton was again married, his second union being with Ida S. Jones, a daughter of James Jones and a sister of Charles H., Robert and David F. Jones. There are two children by this marriage: Frank and Martha Elizabeth. The son is a teacher in Macomb county and will no doubt make for himself a good place in the business world. Mr. and Mrs. Hiazelton were formerly members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Washington, but are not at this time affiliated with any religious organization. Politically Mr. Hazelton is a republican and is a strong temperance man who believes in prohibition principles. He has been elected and re-elected as justice of the peace. He is a believer in good schools and while serving on the school board has done effective work in behalf of public education here. Ie is a succussful business man and farmer, who owns and operates the farm upon which he was born, and in the community is recognized as a man of upright character, widely known for his sterling worth. MILO W. DAVIS. Milo W. Davis, well known in financial circles in Mount Clemens, was the real promuoter and founder of the Citizens Savings Bank, and since its organization has been its cashier and executive head. Among the earnest men whose depth of character and strict adherence to principle excite the admiration of his contemporaries, he is prominent. Banking institutions are the head of the commercial body indicating the healthfulness of trade and a bank that follows a safe, conservative policy does more to establish public confidence in times of widespread financial depression than anything else. Such a course has the Citizens Savings Bank followed under the able management of Mr. Davis. A native son of Maeolmb county, lie was born in the village of Davis, on the 24th of April, 1857, his grandparents residing there at a very early epoch in the development of this part of the state, owning a farm upon which eventually was founded the town that now bears the family name. His father, Bela R. Davis, is numbered among the pioneer residents of Macoimb county, removing to the west from his native state of New York, in 1840, and has since engaged in general agricultural pursuits. He married Harriet Gass and they still reside upon the old homestead farm. Milo W. Davis was a student in the district schools of his native town and afterward pursued his education in the Goldsmith, Bryant & Stratton Business College, at Detroit, now the Detroit Business University. In 1880 he became a factor in mercantile circles of Davis as the senior member of the firm of Davis & McGregor. This store has had a continuous existence and M1r. Davis has maintained his connection therewith throughout the intervening years, his name remaining in the firm name until about two years ago, when he became the silent partner under the firm style of Giddings, Wright & Company. lie continued his residence in Davis until the fall of 1894, when he was elected on the republican ticket to the office of county clerk. Two years later he was reelected, receiving the largest Imajority given to any candidate on the ticket in his county. Four years he filled the position in a most creditable manner, receiving the commnendation of all fair-minded citizens, and thus with an honorable record he retired to private life. In the fall of 1898 he was a founder of the Macombl County Savingls Bank, at.Lenox, and on tile 1st of September, of that year, he was made its cashier, acting in that capacity until January 1, 1899, when he resigned to again take up his abode in Mount Clemens. Here he established a drug store, which he conducted until he formed the idea of organizing a new bank, when he sold his store and devoted his energies to the execution of this plan. The result is known to all citizens of AMount Clemens and although this is the youngest of the banking institutions of the city, it has made such rapid and satisfactory progress in the five years of its existence that it is now regarded as one of the most substantial banking concerns of eastern Michigan. Mr. Davis secured the co-operation of a number of the leading business men of Mount Clemens and the Citizens Savings MILO W. DAVIS. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 263 Bank was capitalized for fifty thousand dollars. The stock of the bank is not upon the market, for the original stockholders have retained their interests, nor would they sell at double the price which they paid for the shares. At the first meeting of the stockholders the following directors were chosen: A. T. Donaldson, George H-. Nichols, T. W. Newton, M. W. Davis, W. F. Nank, W,. S. Donaldson, Joseph Matthews, J. S. Paganetti and A. P. Grim. The doors of the bank were opened for business M.fay 31, 1900. The institution has made a splendid record. The bank building was leased for a period of ten years with the right to purchase within a year if the stockholders should so desire. This was done, and to-day the bank is one of the best equipped institutions of the kind in this section of the state,. A splendid b)1rglar-proof vault was built and it also contains safety deposit boxes, which are an innovation in banking circles in lMount Clemens' banking institutions. The annual statement of the bank has shown good increase in its business in various departments each year and there is to-day a paid-up capital stock of fifty thousand dollars with undivided profits of ten thousand dollars, while each year the institution has paid its stockholders an eight per cent dividend. While Mr. Davis has had the co-operation of men prominent in the business life of Mount Clemens, he has been the real head of the institution and to his executive force, enterprise an(l keen business discernment is largely attributable the success which the Citizens Savings Bank has enjoyed. M\r. Davis' character is largely indicated by the fact that he affiliates with the Masonic fraternity, having been made a Mason in 1895, in Macomb lodge, No. 64, A. F. & A. M?. I-e also belongs to the Mount Clemens chapter, No. 69, R. A. 5M., and the Romeo commandery, K. T. -He likewise holds membership with the Knights of the Maccabees and with the Mount Clemens Club. He has figured to some extent in political circles, being a recognized advocate of republican principles, and in addition to the county office which he held, he served as clerk and supervisor of Ray township for seven years and was postmaster of Davis under President Harrison's administration. He was married, May 6, 1885, to Miss Fannie M. Davis, a daughter of Homer Davis, of Washington, Michigan. In manner Mr. Davis is courteous and pleasant, winning friends by his genial dis position and honorable character, which commands the respect of all. He is publicspirited in an eminent degree and throughout the entire period of his manhood has given his support to whatever is calculated to promote the general welfare. In all the relations of life, whether as merchant, banker, office holder or private citizen, he has always been faithful and true, and in his life work, varied as it has been, no shadow of wrong or suspicion ever darkened his honored pathway. ALFRED A. MILTON. One of the most popular and influential citizens of Chesterfield township is Alfred A. Milton, who takes a very prominent part in public affairs. He was born August 9, 1854, on his present farm on section 9, and is a son of John and Lauretta (Burgess) Milton. The father was a native of England, his birth having occurred near Wells in Somersetshire on the 27th of March, 1817, and his parents were William and Sarah (Lewis) Milton, also natives of that country. Coming to the United States in 1840, John Milton settled in Chesterfield township, Macomb county, Michigan, buying a farm along the Church road on section 9, where our subject now resides. IHe at once burned the timber off of a part of the land to make a clearing on which to build his residence, which is still standing. In 1854 he returned to England and brought his parents to this country, they making their home with hilm until death, the father dying at the age of eighty-four years and the mother at the extreme age of ninety-six. On the 11th of October, 1848, John Milton was united in marriage to Miss Lauretta Burgess, a daughter of German and Victoria Burgess, of Chesterfield township. By this union four children were born, but our subject, the third in order of birth, is the only one now living. Those deceased are Sara V., who married Alvin Crawford, of Chesterfield township; Louis Ann, who married Eben Farr, of the same township; and Ruth L., who went to California for her health and died in that state in 1884, her remains being brought back home and laid at rest in Hart cemetery. John Milton always took a very active interest in the welfare of his township and most capably filled the office of supervisor for thirteen years, including the period of the Civil war, when he saved the town 264 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ship from a draft for the army by obtaining enough volunteers to make up the quota. For several years he also served as justice of the peace, and in 1859, while holding that position, he united in marriage Charles K. Fulerton and Rosana Card, old settlers of Chesterfield township. He was prominently identified with sehool work for many years, being a member of the school board of district No. 2, and bore a very important part in promoting the welfare of his township and county. In connection with farming he was also engaged in the conmmission business, buying staves, which he shipped from New Baltimore and Salt River, having his yards at the latter place, and lhe stood deservedly high in business, social and political circles. le was a member of Lake St. Clair lodge, No. 82, A. F. & A. M., which he joined in the '50s, and at his death, which occurred November 27, 1883, he was buried with Masonic honors. His widow still survives him and is living near our subject. Reared on the home farm, Alfred A. Milton attended the district school of the neighborhood and after completing his education aided his father in the operation of the land until the latter's death, when he took complete charge of the place. Ile is a progressive and energetic farmer and is mleeting with well deserved success. On the 16th of September, 1875, he led to the marriage altar Miss Ella Leonardson, whose parents were James and Eleanor Leonardson, of Chesterfield township. They xwere natives of New York state and came to Macomb county, lichigan, in the '30s, settling on the Ilart road in Chesterfield township, where they lmade their home until death. Of their seven children, five are still living in this county, one in Newanygo county and one in Sanilac county. Mr. and Mrs. Milton have two childlren: (:race, who( is the wife of John Gillett, a mail carrier of New IHaven, Michigan, and Guy E., who married Miss Berneta Clemnens, a daughter of AIelvin and Anna Clemens of Chesterfield township, and lives with his father. Mr. Milton is a prominent MaIson, belonging to Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., which he joined by a grand lodge demit from Lake St. Clair lodge, No. 82, where he was initiated in 1875. Hle is also a menmber of Mount Clemens chapter. No. 69, R. A. M., and Mount Clemens council, No. 8, R. & S. M. He is a member of the Woodmen of the World camp, No. 9, of Mount Clemens, and George Washington court, No. 1408, I. O. F., of New Haven, in which he has filled all the - principal chairs, is past chief ranger and at present vice chief ranger. The democratic party finds in him a stalwart supporter of its - principles and he has taken quite an active interest in local politics, serving as highway conmmissioner in 1879, a memlber of the board of review for four years in the '90s, and a nmenmber of the school board of district No. 2, for a number of years. Every duty devolving upon hilm has been most faithfully discharged and hie stands high in the regard of his fellow citizens. CHARLES STERLING PROCTER. Charles S. Procter, deceased, was one of the nost popular and highly respected young men of Romeo. He was a native of this county, born oni the old Procter homestead in Washington township, March 21, 1867, and was a son of Luther and Harriet L. (Sterling) Procter, whose sketch appears on another page of this volume. lHe was reared upon the home farm and attended the public schools of Romeo, completing the scientific course by graduation with the class of 1886. Later he attended the Detroit Business College for a colmmercial course. IMr. Procter assisted on the farm many years, and for some time was a very enthusiastic photographer, many of his fine photographs being now in the hands of his friends and family. Beinlg in ill health he went to New MAexico in December, 1903, with the hope that a change of climate would prove beneficial, but he gradually grew worse and on the 17th of Malrch, 1904, he passed away at Silver City. Although so far away froml homle he was not alone in his last illness, for his father, an aunImt, lMrs. Ellen (Procter) Mellen, and his fiancee, 'M iss Mary A.. Brewer, were in constant attendance for nearly four weeks previous to his demlise and were present when the final siummlons came. His remiains were brought back to Romeo for interment and the party was met by friends at Detroit, a special car conveying them from that city to Romeo. Although quiet and unassnumning in manner, Mr. Procter possessed a lovable disposition and had a cheery word for all, which traits of character gained him many warm:l friends, and his loss was deeply mourned by the entire comnlmunity as well as his immediate family. As a citizen he was prompt and true to every engagement, and'as a man he held (CIIAIZLES STERLING PROC)(TER. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 267 the honor and esteem of all classes of people, being sincere in friendship and steadfast and unswerving in his loyalty to the right. He went to Paris in 1900, being offered a position under Dr. Bean, who had charge of the United States forestry exhibit, and he spent some time abroad. Mr. Procter was an honored member of the Masonic fraternity and also of the Romeo Club, which called a special meeting on learning of his death, the following resolutions being adopted at that time: Whereas, An all wise and overruling Providence has removed from our midst, by death, Charles S. Procter, an honored member of our club; therefore, Resolved, That we deeply deplore the loss of an esteemed friend, associate and fellow citizen, one who will long be remembered for his kindliness and consideration for others. Resolved, That we tender our heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved family of the deceased at the time of their great affliction and sorrow. Resolved, That as a further mark of our respect for the deceased, the club rooms be closed and that the members attend the funeral in a body. Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the records of the club and that a copy of the same be presented to the family of the departed and also furnished to the Romeo Observer for publication. Committee-LI. E. BEDELL, E. C. NEWBURY, WILLTIAM GRAY. MRS. SARAH A. SAVAGE. Mrs. Sarah A. Sava'e has for seventy-three years been a resident of Macom)b county. She was born in New Jersey, November 23, 1828, a daughter of Elisha Weller, who was likewise a native of that state, born June 23, 1800. IIe was a blacksmith by trade and in 1832 he brought his family to Michigan, then largely an undeveloped state. He purchased from the government one hundred and ansixty acres of wild land in Chesterfield township and at once began to clear it preparatory to cultivating the fields. IIe improved a part of the farm but devoted much of his time to blacksmithing, his services being in constant demand. lIe was married to Miss Maria Vanetta, who was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1802, and who in 1822, in New Jersey, gave her hand in marriage to Mr. Weller. They became the parents of twelve children, of whom six are living: William, who married Cordelia Shaddock, was a carpenter and farmer of Chesterfield township, gave his political support to the republican party and died in the year 1893. Martin died in infancy. Mrs. Savage is the third of the family. Elizabeth became the wife of Jacob' Brandt, a carpenter and farmer of Detroit, who was also an advocate of republican principles, while his religious faith was that of the Episcopal church. There were three children of that marriage and the mother died in 1871. Joseph, the fifth member of the Weller family, who married Antoinette Kennedy, was a carpenter of Romeo. Ile voted with the republican party and held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. Samuel, who married Alzura Brown and had two children, Claude and Jane, is a farmer and stockman living in Mount Clemens and votes with the republican party. John C., who married Catherine Connor, by whom he had two children, Myron and Jennie T., was a farmer of Chesterfield township and is now deceased. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and of the Masonic fraternity and he gave his political support to the republican party. Charles, who followed carpentering, died in 1867. Catherine M. became the wife of William Wycoff, a printer of Detroit, likewise a supporter of republican principles Their only son, George, is deceased. Mary is the wife of A. R. Knight, a farmer and teamster of Mount Clemens, who votes with the republican party, and they have four sons, Robert, Frank, Walter and Burton. George married Ella Atwood, by whom he has a daughter, Myrtle. He follows farming in Chesterfield township and like the others of the family gives his political allegiance to the Grand Old Party, while his fraternal relations are with the Masonic lodge. Sarah A. Weller pursued her early education in the district schools and afterward continued her studies in Mount Clemens. She was only four years of age when brought by her parents to this county, where she has since resided-an interested witness of its rapid and wonderful development and growth. In early womanhood she gave her hand in marriage to James Savage, who was born in October, 1823, in the state of New York, and was a son of James and Anna (Haines) Savage, the former born in Ireland, February 25, 1769, and the latter in the Empire state, July 24, 1778. They were the parents of the following named: Almond, born September 7, 268 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1797; Lois, February 16, 1799; Mary, born November 25, 1800; Mehitable, July 12, 1802; Ilenry, April 4, 1804; O'Brien, October 25, 1805; Sarah, March 20, 1807; Erastus, February 3, 1810(; Emeline, January 23, 1812; William II., March 14, 1816; Jane, April 5, 1818; Adeline, March 27, 1821; and James, October 7, 1824. Mr. Savage became a resident of Matcomb county in pioneer days. In early manhood he worked for a number of seasons as a farm hand and then with tle lmoney which he had acquired through his industry land economy he purchased forty acres of wild l and, which he at once began to cultivate. I e erected buildings, tilled the fields and continued in the active work of farmling until 1883, when he suffered a stroke of paralysis. Ile had led a very busy and useful life and his farm was the evidence of his earnest, persistent labor and well managed business interests. Mr. and Mrs. Savage becamle the parents of eight children: William, born August 24, 1857, has farming interests at Evart, Osceola county, MTichigan, and lives in 5Mount Clemens. He is a republican. Ile married Miss Alice West and they have seven children: Viola, Wilrer, Frank, Donald, Ielen. Alice and James. Fred C., born September 6, 1858, is a chef in San Jose, California, and votes with the republican party. ('eorgoe is deceased. Clarence, born June 23, 1861, was a molder at Port IHuron, Michigan, where he died March 6, 1905. Ile held IembIership with the Odd Fellows, the M odern Woodmen and the Maccabees, gave his political allegiance to the democracy and attended the Congregational church. Ile had married Margaret Curler and they had two sons, lHarry and George. Edith M. Savage, fifth member of the family, was born April 27, 1863, is engaged in dressmaking and resides with her mother on South avenue in IMouint C(lemens. Frank, born January 25, 1865, is first mrate on a steam barge and resides in Mount Clemens. le votes the republican ticket. lie married Margaret Bresau and has a daughter, Catherine M. Elmer G. Savage, born October 5, 1867, died July 6, 1890. Nettie M., born July 5, 1869, was the wife of Charles W. Russell, who was collector in Ohio and Indiana for the firm of Russell & Company of Massilon, Ohio. He was a republican and died in 1899. The sons of James Savage largely followed in his footsteps politically for he gave an unfaltering support to the men and measures of the republican party, believing firmly in its principles as most conducive to good governmient. Ile held mlelmbership in the Presbyterian church and his religious belief was a permeating influence in his life, prompting his kindly and considerate treatlment of his fellowmlen as well as of his family. Ie died May 25, 1888, and his remains were interred in (linton t wnship cenletery. Mirs. Savage still survives her husband and makes her home in Mfount Clemen. She is well known in the city and county, where for seventythree years she has lived, a witness of great changes and of a transformllation which has converted the wilderness into a center of civilization. EDWARD R. SANDERSON. The life record of Edward R. Sanderson is formed by a long period of activity in business circles crowned by a well earned rest, for he is now living retired in Romeo, enjoying the fruits of his former labor. For many years he figured as one of the active and successful farmers of St. Clair county and is numbered amlong the early settlers of this portion of the state, having located in St. Clair county in 1850. Like many of the representativ e citizens of eastern Mll ichigan, Mr. Sanderson claims New York as the state of his nativity, his birth having occurred in Iterkimer county, November 21, 1831. The fanmily was established in the new world in colonial days and his g'ralndfather, Elnathan Sanderson, was born in Massachusetts in the year which gave birth to the American republic-the year in which the Declaration of Independence was signed. Ile was the youngest in a family of fourteen children and in 1806 he removed from the old Bay state to New York, settling in Hlerkimer county. His son, David Sanderson, the father of our subject, was born in Massachusetts, was reared in HIerkimer county, New York, and when he had reached man's estate was lmarried to MIiss Polly Briggs, who was born in New York, Augulst 6, 1811.:le then devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits in Herkinier county for a nlumber of years, while later he removed to (leauga county, Ohio, arriving there in May, 1834. He followed farming in that locality for a number of years and then removed to Michigan in 1850. The following year he located just across the boundary line of Macomb county in St. Clair county, where he purchased wild land MR. AND MRS. E. R. SANDERSON PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 271 that was covered with a dense growth of timber. This he had to clear away before he could plant crops, but his persistent efforts soon wrought a transformation in the place, and where once were seen tall trees there were later found fields of waving grain. He continued to engage in farming upon the old homestead there and departed this life in January, 1884. His wife had passed away in 1867. Edward R. Sanderson was the oldest of five children, all of whom reached mature years. Mary, the next in order of birth, was born May 20, 1834, and married James Pincombe, but is now deceased. Melissa, born October 9, 1839, is the wife of Laban Hause, of Mlemphis, Michigan. Esther, born January 6, 1842, is the wife of Alfred Purdy. George W., born January 6, 1848, married Jessie Schuman and is now at Palm Beach, Florida. Edward R. Sanderson came to Michigan when a young man of nineteen years. He had attended the public schools of Ohio but is largely self-educated, his mind being continually broadened by experience in the business world as well as through reading and observation until he is now a well informed man. HIe assisted his father in the development of the home farm in St. Clair county and afterward purchased land and engaged in farming on his own account in that county for more than thirty years. He made a specialty of dairying and his products from the dairy found a ready sale on the market. He erected a good residence and was one of the prosperous agriculturists of his portion of the state, having a valuable farm of six hundred acres, of which five hundred acres was under cultivation. He made many improvements upon his place, operating the fields with the latest improved machinery, and his dairy plant was also splendidly equipped. He kept sixty cows for dairy purposes and for forty years was successfully and extensively engaged in the manufacture of cheese. On the 21st of September, 1858, Mr. Sanderson was married in Bruce township, Macomb county, to Miss Julia E. Edgett, who was born in that township, March 20, 1837, and was there reared and educated. Her father, Albert Edgett, was one of the early settlers of Macomb county. His birth occurred in Ontario county, New York, February 3, 1805, his father being Peter Edgett, who was also born in the Empire state in 1770 and died December 13, 1831. The son was reared in Ontario county and was there married to Miss Lucy H. Adams, a daughter of John and Susannah (Morse) Adams. She was born in New Hampshire, April 22, 1807, but was reared in the Empire state. To Albert Edgett and wife were born one son and six daughters: Cleora, born March 9, 1829, was married July 20, 1854, to Samuel Babcock, who died in 1897, while her death occurred June 19, 1882. Phebe P., born February 21, 1831, was married July 20, 1854, to Hart Perkins, and they reside in Oxford, Michigan. Louisa H., born December 13, 1832, was married November 28, 1853, to Jacob T. B. Spillman, who died in 1897, and she makes her home in Romeo. Marietta E., born October 25, 1834, was married March 4, 1857, to Samuel F. Aldrich, who died August 3, 1894. Julia E. is the next of the family. Martha J., born June 25, 1839, was married November 7, 1878, to Levi W. Cole, and died March 14, 1901. Albert P., born August 20, 1841, married Sarah Hobbs, of Louisiana, during the Civil war. Mr. Sanderson removed from the farm to Romeo in 1890, purchasing residence property on Main street, where he has since lived retired. He has invested his capital in Michigan lands and gives his supervision to his property interests, but otherwise is enjoying a well earned rest. He has been a stanch republican since casting his first presidential ballot for the first candidate of that partyJohn C. Fremont-in 1856. He has never sought or desired office, but has given his attention to his farm and business affairs and his close application and energy have been rewarded by a handsome competence. Hiis wife holds membership in theMethodist Episcopal church of Romeo and he attends its services with her and contributes to its support. He manifested his loyalty to his native country at the time of the Civil war by enlisting in March, 1865, as a member of Company D, Twenty-second Michigan Infantry. He went south to Chattanooga, where he remained for three months and was then transferred to Company B, Twenty-ninth Michigan Infantry, with which he did guard duty along the railroad, serving in that capacity the greater part of the time until mustered out. He was honorably discharged at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, September 6, 1865, and he is now a member of the Grand Army post at Romeo, in which he has served as commander. He is recognized as a man of good business capacity and of sound judgment, whose affairs have been 272 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY capably managed while the visible evidence of his life of thrift and industry is the property which he owns in Romeo and in Macomb and St. Clair counties. JOHN W. SWITZER. John W. Switzer, born January 7, 1847, in Erie county, New York, is of (:erman lineage, his parents beino George and Elizabeth (Fisher) Switzer, both of whom were natives of Bavaria, Germlany, and calle to Anlerica in 1827. The father died August 24, 1887, and the mother passed away February 28, 1895, their rellains being interred in the tLtica cemetery. John W. Switzer was broughlt to Michigan by his parents when only eight years of age, the family homne being established on a farm near Disco, where he remained until he had attained his Ilajority. lie was educated in the old Ewell school and began life as a clerk in the general store owned by Perry Everett, with whomi he remained as a salesman for five years and was then admitted to a partniership, while later he became sole owner. HIe conducted this business for six years, at the end of which timle his bu)ilding and stock were entirely destroyed by fire, causing him a loss of ten thousand dollars. as he had no insurance. The fire occurred on Tuesday, and on the following Saturday he resumed business in another building with an entirely new stock of goods. After remaining in Davis for another year he sold his store there and in 1880 remo-lve(l to l)isco where ihe opened a general store and here he had built up a lucrative business when his stock and store were again destroyed by fire. -He carried little insurance at that tihme. HEe resunled business, however, with remarkable courage and determination, though these experiences would have utterly disheartened mlany a mlan. Ile has steadily advanced through determined and earnest purpose, meeting his reverses with remarkable fortitude and niaking the most of his position. lie has a well equipped store and is enjoying a liberal patronage. Moreover, he has the entire confidence and esteem of the commnunity. Mr. Switzer belongs to the Methodist Protestant church in which he takes a very active and helpful part, doing all in his power to promote the growth of the church and extend its influence. With the exception of one year he has served as superintendent of the Sunday-school since 1890 and has been secre tary of the Shelby circuit. In politics he is an earnest republican and since 1886 has served as postmaster of Disco, while for eight years he was township clerk. In 1882 MIr. Sw itzer was married to M:iss Margaret Frances Gass, a daughter of John and 2Margaret (Stitt) (ass, who were early settlers in Ray toNwnship. She was educated in the old stone schoolhouse of that township on the farm owmned bvy MIr. Gass and also attended school in I)avis and the lUtica high school. Mr. land MArs. Switzer have one son, Hlugh (Gass, who entered the schools of Disco and is now in his third year in the high school in Itica. Mrs. Switzer, like her husband, is an earnest Christian, and they are both identified with the Alaccabees order. IUHe is one of its charter members andl is also a mlember of the Gleaners. Ile has been quite successful, notwithstandinglti the difficulties that he has met, and he possesses a firm purpose that enables him to overcoleme all obstacles in his path and to work his way steadily upward. lie is to-day numbered amonl the menl of affluence in his col1mmlunity and he certainly deserves mllctlh credit for what he has accomnplished. ISAAC N. BRABB. Isaac N. Brabb was a representative of a family whose name figures conspicuously and honorably upon the pages of Macolmb county's history. lie was a well-knownl citizen of Romeo landl became a leading business man alnd land-ovwner. Ilis life work in many respects was worthy of elnulation land as the years passed he won not only a comfortable colmpetence but ani honorable nalmel. IHis birth occurred in Macomnb county, August 15, 1833, his parents be-ing Isaac and Ilannlah Brabb, who were natives of England, and with five children camle to Amlerica in 1830, settling in Macomb couirty when this state was still a territory. They are nentioned in connection with the sketch of Georoe W. Brabb and Mirs. J. Ii.. Brabb on another page of this work. Isaac N. Brabb vwas educlated in the conimon schools and through the experiences of later life. He becamie well read concerning current literature andt imlportant subjects of the day and lie also kept in touch with rmatters of general interest. Ili early life his attention was given to agricultural Ipursuits and he owned and operatedl a large farm, which he successfully conducted for some years. Mr. Brabb was married in Macomb county, in 1864, to Miss Olive Eliza Manley, who was ISAAC -N. BRABB,. - JOEL MANLEY IPAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 277 born in 1841 in this county and was a daughter of Joel Manley, who was a native of Vermont, born in Rutland in 1810. When a young man he camne to Michigan and was engaged in teaching for several years in the public schools. Ile also taught vocal music. After arriving at years of maturity he married Miss Julia Wilcox, a native of the Empire state and a daughter of Elias Wilcox, who was one of the first settlers, locatingo in Michigan in 1824. Joel Manley was a prominent farmer, who owned and operated a valuable tract of land. He also figured prominently in public affairs and contributed in substantial measure to the improvement of the county and was elected and re-elected as county surveyor, filling the office for a numnber of years. He was quite active in local politics and served in numerous positions of honor and trust. In early life he attended the Congregational church, having been reared in that faith, but later he joined the Methodist Episcopal church andl was one of its active and capable wo(rkers. He served as superintendent of the Slunday-school for a Inumbher of years an( his efforts proved of value in promoting the growth of the school and in extending the influence of the church. In the various relations of life he was a active and useful citizeln alnd conimmande(l the unlqualified respect and confidence of his fellowm-en. Ile died in 1884, leavini behind hill an untarnislhed nlame. lis wife, surviving hil for a fe-w years, passed away in 1887. F'ollowinlg his lnlarriage, IMr. Brabbl resid5ed on the old homlestea( farm, which lie (onducte(d alndl o(perlatel for a Iiiuml)e of years, or until 1891. In January of that Aear lhe lost his wife, Awho dieid on tlhe olt homest:ead,. Tl'hey had becomle the parents of three sons and a (lau ghter: Ernest 1MaI1leyv w\ho is Ino( livin i- l Rollleo:I Hcward( Stanlei, who died in Jlanulary, 1895, at the age of tvwenty-four years; Robert I[.. who is iellgaed i1I the jewelry business in YypT)silallti: ai(dl Clara Adelaiid(, a teachfler of 1music il the conservatory at Yyp )silaiiiti, MIichioganii. They ate a daughter, a\Iae. whlen fou) years of age, whlom tlhey reared, elducated and lovedl as their own. She is now the w(ife of Roblert Roodt, of iomello. A r. Brab b l as ag ain l ar ried, Novembner 16, 1891, his second unioil beig wAith IMrs. Lucelia (Alanlley) Caiinoi, a sister to his first wife, who was born, reared and ediucated in Maconmb county, and inl early life successfully engaged in teachinlg for several years. She first gave her hanld in marriage to Levi Cannon in December, 1868. He was a native of the Enpire state and when a young man came to Michigan. For some years he was engaged in locating pine lands and in estimating the value of timber, and later he turned his attention to the manufacture of lumber. He was thus identified with one of the leading business interests of the state-an industry that has contributed perhaps more largely to the prosperity of Michigan than any one line of business. Iis career proved that success and an honored name can be won simultaneously. He died in 1886, respected by all who knew him. Followino the death of her husband, Mrs. Cannon settled up the estate and also the estate of her father and later removed to Romeo, where she afterward gave her hand in marriag'e to Isaac N. Brabb. Subsequent to his removal to Romeo Mr. Brabb engaged in the real estate business and also in loaning mooney. IHe was a suecessful )business man and financier, well known in 'IAacomb and adjoining counties. Ile became interested in northern Michigan by visiting Bay View in 1886 and purchased a cotta'e on Glendale avenue, where, with his family, he spent thirteen successive summers most enjoyably. Both iby inheritance and frugality hle acquired a comlpetence and was one of the foremost citizens of his town, reliable and steadfast, alive to every interest and betterment for rich and poor. Politically Ir. Brabbl was a stanch repulblican, tlaking an active interest in local politics as well as in inational electionls. IIe was chosen by p)(pular vote to the office of justice of the peace, which position he filled for twenty years, discharginig his duties in a lmanller wihich reflected credit upon himself and provedi eminently satisfactory to his constituents. Ile also served as a delegate to lanyli county andl( state conventions aInd filled vario-,us township and village offices of trust. At the time of his death he was president of the Alaconib County Pioneer Society. IMr. Brabb was a prominent and consistent mnember of the Methodist Episcopal church, being converted wvhen a younig man, andl he contributed liberally to church and benevoolent purposes. He served on the official board for twrenty-five years. While of a liberal faith that recognized every Christian as his brother, he was ever loyal to the church of his choice and particularly to its Sunday-school, of wvhich hle was for many years a superintendent and teacher and afterward, to the time of his death, a faith 278 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ful member of the senior Bible class. He left behind him the record of an untarnished life, for he ever displayed the sterling traits of character that constitute an honorable, upright manhood. He died in Paris, France, July 12, 1900. Mr. Brabb had been an extensive traveler in his own country and in 1862 he crossed the ocean to visit his ancestral home in England and also to attend the World's Fair held in the Crystal Palace in London. He attended the Centennial at Philadelphia in 1876, the Cotton Exposition at Atlanta in 1882, the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, the Tennessee Centennial at Nashville in 1897, and soon afterward became interested in plans for the Paris Exposition of 1900. With his wife and niece, Dr. Alice Brabb, he joined a party of seventy-five people, with Professor G. W. E. Hill, of Des lMoines, Iowa, as conductor, for a tour through Great Britain aind the continent, leaving Romeo May 31 for the trip. It was an ideal company and no imember enjoyed every day and every change of scenery more than he, until from his own appreciation he became a general favorite by his helpfulness for the enjoyment of others. So the tour of Ireland and England, thence across to Holland, Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland was completed and he reached Paris with great expectations for the novelties of that gay city, only to receive on the following morning a sudden sumninons to the home beyond. The cause of his death was an organic heart trouble, an ailment of many years' standing, but scarcely seeming to affect his general health, which was uniformly good, although he anticipated death from that disease. His daily life was such that wherever and whenever the call came he was ready, but those who were called upon to face the conditions of death in a foreign country learned their utter helplessness before the majesty of French law, and only those who may be placed in similar circumstances can ever understand the difference between the coming of that ever unwelcome visitor in the quiet of one's own home and in the fourth story of a Parisian hotel when all France was celebrating its greatest national fete days, with all the world as an audience. A life-long and ardent republican Mr. Brabb had, during the trip, been particularly loyal to his country and to the flag, which he never failed to salute, it being a fancy of his to sing "America" and "IMichi gan, My Michigan," at least once in every country, the last time for him having been while standing on the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The remains were embalmed and a beautiful service held in the suite of rooms before the party left for America and everything that the loyal friends of that company could do was gladly done for the wife so suddenly bereft, the presence of two of our own townsmen, Charles Procter and C. Fred Thoinpson, who had been residents of Paris for several months, being of almost inestimable assistance in the time of such great need. For the service there Professor G. W. E. Hill was in charge and in a touching prayer commended all to the care of the tender Father, the united company sang "Jesus, Lover of My Soul," Rev. Lewis Willsey, pastor of the Methodist church of St. James, Minnesota, followed with a brief address from the text: "The righteous shall be held in everlasting remembrance." Howard Smith of Pipestone, Minnesota, gave a tenor solo, "Paradise," and the party united in singing "Near, My God, to Thee." The metallic casket, enclosed in another of heavy American oak, was completely covered with long-stemmed roses and carnations, the gift of the sympathetic company. After many delays by accident and storm the party, accompanying the remains of their deceased member, reached Detroit August 11, and the following (lay, just one month from the day of Mr. Brabb's death, the final service was conducted in his own home on Pleasant street, whre the casket was covered with choicest flowers and under drapery of the flag that he loved, the remains were placed at rest at last in the Brabb vault in the Romeo cemetery, more than four thousand miles from the scene of his death, and the sense of satisfaction to the wife who had endured so much to accomplish that purpose was beyond words for expression. The home service was conducted by his pastor, Rev. O. F. Winton, assisted by his Bible class teacher, Rev. H. S. White, the text used being the same on both occasions. There was a quartette of singers and Mrs. Jessie Reed, as soloist, gave a favorite of the deceased, "The Ionme of the Soul." Following the death of her husband Mrs. Brabb settled up the estate and educated the children. For this purpose she removed to Yypsilanti that they niight enjoy the advantage of the State Normal School, and after receiving instruction there Miss Clara PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 279 Brabb was graduated from the Conservatory of Music and has since been a teacher of music in that institution. In 1904 Mrs. Brabb returned to Romeo, purchased a lot and built a neat residence on Main street, where she now resides. She is a woman of superior business capacity and enterprise and has managed her affairs with excellent judgment and keen discrimination. She also possesses superior literary taste and has long been a correspondent for the Detroit papers, and in her reading has become familiar with the best authors of ancient and modern times. She ranks high in the social circles of Romeo. EUGENE It. LAMB. Eugene II. Lamb has been a resident of Macomb county throughout his entire life, living upon the farm, for which he holds the old original patents granted by the government to his grandfather, Otis Lamb. The family name has ever been a synonym for integrity in this part of the state and its representatives have done much toward the agricultural development of the county. Eugene H. Lamb, following in the footsteps of his ancestors, has become one of the thrifty farmers, stockbreeders and dealers in Washington township and upon his farm of one hundred and twenty acres, is largely engaged in the raising of Duroc-Jersey hogs and Durham cattle. The date of his birth is March 25, 1852. His father, Edwin Lamb, is also a native of Macomb county, having been born on what is known as the old Lamb homestead farm in April, 1825. The grandfather, Otis Lamb, was a native of Massachusetts, born October 16, 1790. ITe was there reared and became a tanner and currier by trade. Removing from his native state to Canada, he continued in that line of business and during his residence in the English province was married. Later he removed to Genesee county, New York, where lie was engaged in farming, and he also worked at his trade of tanning there. In 1823 he removed west to Michigan, finding it largely an undeveloped region and he entered land from the government, covering a tract of one hundred and sixty acres. Settling upon that place in 1824, he at once began to clear and improve it and also established a tannery in the county, doing work in that line for Macomb and adjoining counties. He was prominent and influential in public affairs, serving as justice of the peace and also as postmaster, and his influence was ever exerted in behalf of progress, improvement and upbuilding. Edwin Lamb was born and reared on the old family homestead and later succeeded to the ownership of the place. He aided in its early development and improvement and carried on farm work through a long period. He was married here, June 29, 1851, to Miss Caroline Stone, a native of Macomb county, and a daughter of Aaron Stone, who was born in New York and became one of the early settlers of this section of Michigan. Mr. Lamb continued his farming operations and erected a neat and commodious brick residence. He also built barns and other outbuildings and in fact added all modern improvements to his place. In connection with the tilling of the soil he engaged in raising pure blooded Durham cattle and was a successful, prosperous agriculturist and stock-raiser. His entire life was passed on the old homestead and he was called to his final rest February 10, 1890. A member of the Masonic fraternity he was true to its teachings, exemplifying in his life its beneficent principles. In politics he was a stanch republican. He was a man whom to know was to respect and honor. His widow survives her husband and resides with her son on the old home place. In their family were three sons and two daughters, all of whom are yet living, the eldest being Eugene H., of this review. The others are: Dr. Elner E. Lamb, who is a physician engaged in practice at Republic, Michigan; Dr. A. R. Lamb, who is retired from the practice of medicine and resides upon the home farm; Metta A., the wife of I. N. Terpening of South Lyons, Michigan, and Ida A., who is a teacher of French and German in the high school at Lansing, Michigan. Eugene H. Lamb was reared opon his father's farm and pursued his education in the Washington school. Throughout the period of his youth he assisted in the farm work as time and opportunity permitted and following his father's death took charge of the old home place, on which he has since made some improvements. He raises good crops and in connection with the tilling of the soil is successfully engaged in the breeding and sale of Durham cattle and Duroc-Jersey hogs, owning some fine animals. His business ability is well known to his neighbors and finds visible proof in the success which is attending his labors. Mr. Lamb was married in Washington township, March 25, 1879, to Miss Ida M. Davis, 280 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY a daughter of Milo W. Davis, who was born in New York, but became one of the early settlers of this state and one of the first conductors on the Michigan Central railroad. Mrs. Lamb was born at Ypsilanti, Michigan, but was reared and educated in Washington. There are four children of this marriage: Leona I.; Ray 0., who is supply clerk for the mining company in Trimountain, Mlichigan; Cas- A., who is- a student in Lansing; and Harry M., a student in the high school of Romeo. Politically Mr. Lamb is a republican where national issues are involved, but he has never sought or desired office, preferring to give his attention to his business affairs. Ile and his family attend the Union church of Washington and he is a membner of the Maccabees lodge, a fraternal insurance organization. Having spent his entire life in Macomb county he is well known to many of its citizens and there have been displayed in his life work the many sterling traits of character which have been the means of broadening his circle of friends and gaining for him the admiration and respect of those with whom le h as come in contact. BURTON T. BATES. The subject of this sketch has been identified with the agricultural interests of Chesterfield township thronughout his active business life and now owns and operates the old homestead on section 5, where he was born Decellber 25, 1870. lIe is a son of Eli 11. and Ce rinda (IHazelton) Bates, the former a native of New York state and the latter of Canada. The father's birth occurred on the 28th of Maly, 1832, and he was therefore only three years old when he accomlpaanied his parents on their removal to MacIomib county, Michigan, inl 1835. Our subject's grandfather, Ezra Bates, decided to locate in Chesterfield township and purchased the farmi of Peter IlHart, who had taken up the land from the governm.ent. To the cultivation and improvelment of this property he at once turned his attention and in converting the wild land into a g(ood farm he underwent all the hardships usually experienced by the early settlers. In those early days in order to get his grain ground into flour he had to drive to Frederick's mill near Mount Clemens. lie was a very active and prominent member of the Free Baptist church of New Iaven, of which he was a deacon for many years. When the country becaiume in volved in a second war with England, in 1812, he entered the service, becoming a member of a New York cavalry regiment. His son James was a soldier of Company A, Ninth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, during the Civil war and was taken prisoner at the battle of Murfreesboro. When released he returned home but his imprisonment had broken down his health and he died soon afterward. Amid frontier scenes Eli II. Bates grew to manhood and as soon as old enough to be of any assistance he aided in the arduous task of transforming wild timber land into a good farm, in the meantime receiving his literary education in the district schools near his home. HIe spent his entire life upon the old homestead with the exception of three years when he lived on the farm which he had purchased one mile north of the home place. At the end of that time he sold out and returned to the parental roof in order to take care of his father in his declining years and look after the farmi. Taking an active interest in educational affairs, he served as a director on the school board of district No. 3, and always gave his support to any measure which he believed calculated to promote the moral, intellectual or material welfare of the com-munity in which he lived. Ile attended the Baptist church of New lHaven, and his death. which occurred November 10, 1895, was deeply mlourned by lianiy friends as well as his illmediate fanily. Ile left only one child -Burton T.. of this review. His wife had died on the 25th of Febrlary, 1872. Burton T. Bates is indebted to the district schools for the educational privileges he enjoyed (driiing boyhood. Owinai' to his father's failing health the responsibility of operating the farnm fell upon his shoulders at the early age of seventeen years, and after the father's death he reoll(deled tle house and mlnade many other improvemlents, so that he now has a thoroulghly modern anl d attractive farm. On the 14th of Novelmber, 1895, lMr. Bates was united ill nlarriage to Miss Nellie AM. Jones and to theImn were born two children, but only one is now livin, Belulah 1\. (Gladys C. died Noveml)er 29, 1904. Mrs. Bates' father was Iranlk Jones, of Ray township. lie was born in Meade, iMacob co unty, in 1850, a soii of JTlaine-s Jones, who \Twas a, naltive of England. Througlhout life he followed farningi with good success and died June 7. 1904. Of his four children NMrs. Bates is the eldest. For ten years Mr. Bates served as moderator in school district No. 3, and he has always MRS. ELI H. BATES I-: LI H. BATES B.. I.BATES AND) FAMILY MRS. EZRA BATES EZRA BATES PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 283 taken a commendable interest in public affairs as every true American citizen should do. Fraternally he is a prominent member of George Washington court No. 1408, I. O. F., of New Haven, in which he is filling the chair of court deputy and has filled the office of recording secretary. He belongs to New Haven lodge, No. 465, I. O. O. F., and is a member of the Free Baptist church of that place and belongs to its choir. WILLIAM IT. SUTHERLAND. William H. Sutherland, classed with the leading, progressive and enterprising farmers of Macomb county, was born in Chesterfield township, December 3, 1867, a son of Hugh and Harriet (Hicks) Sutherland, who are represented elsewhere in this volume. Byron J. Sutherland, brother of our subject, obtained his start in life by working farms on the shares until 1904, when he bought land from Ford L. Milton on Telegraph road and is now a prosperous farmer there. lie was narried, November 12, 1887, to Sallie May Milton, a daughter of O. A. Milton, of Chesterfield township, and they have a son and daughter. Charles C. Sutherland left home in 1887 and went to Chicago, where he began working for the McCormick Iarvester Company. After two years he engaged in the saloon business for two years and later followed the life insurance business for a year. IIe is now an officer on the Chicago police force. IHe is married and has two children. Jennie May Sutherland became the wife of Frank Bacon of New Baltimore, who for twenty years has engaged in teaching in Chesterfield and Mlacomb townships, having charge of the Center Line school for eight years, while for two years he was principal of the Burns school in Warren. They have two daughters and a son living at home. William II. Sutherland, whose name introduces this record, was educated in the public schools at Salt River until twelve years of age, when he removed with his parents to his present home and for two years he continued as a public school student through the winter, while in the summer months he worked in the woods with his father. At the age of sixteen he began earning his living and for a year was employed by George ITartway of Chesterfield. lie was afterward with Alfred Dennison on the turnpike road for two years, and in the fall of 1886 he went into the lumber woods at East Tawas, Michigan, working for Thomas Cade. The following year he returned and took up a skimming route for George Robinson of Mount Clemens. After a year he joined Ward Brown, of Chesterfield township, and went to Ashley, Nebraska, working on an extension of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, which was being built from Omaha to Kansas. He returned home in the fall and bought a third interest in the stock and implements belonging to his father on the farm. In 1892 he purchased a half interest in the land and since that time has made many improvements on the home property. He has two large windmills, one for pumping water from a well which was sunk at the rear end of the farm, the mill forcing this water a distance of twenty-six hundred feet before it reaches the house or barn. The other mill furnishes power for the cornsheller, for grinding feed for the stock and for a saw which cuts all his wood. He also devotes a part of his attention to the raising of thorough-bred Berkshire and improved Chester White hogs, having a drove of thirty-six head which are registered. William II. Sutherland was married, February 15, 1888, to Miss Alice Farr, a daughter of Samuel Farr, of Chesterfield. She died July 26, 1899, leaving three children-Roy E., born August 14, 1889; Charles Leslie, March 2, 1891; and Jennie Hazel, July 30, 1893. Mrs. Sutherland 's father was one of the early pioneers of Chesterfield township, who purchased a farm in what was known as the Bates settlement. His wife died in 1879, leaving three children, of whom Mrs. Sutherland was the eldest. On the 28th of Augulst, 1900, Mr. Sutherland wedded Martha Kriesch, daughter of August Kriesch, of St. Clair county, and they had one child, Hattie Maabel, who was born February 23, 1904, and died on the 2d of March following. Her father, August Kriesch, was of German birth, comning to America in 1878. HIe settled in St. Clair county and enjoyed a prosperous career as a farmer on one hundred acres of land. Mrs. Sutherland is the fifth of seven children and was born July 20, 1881. She has four brothers and a sister living in St. Clair county. The third child of the family became ill and died on board the ship while crossing the ocean, being buried in the sea. Politically Mr. Sutherland is a stanch republican and is now serving as deputy under Sheriff Eckstein. IHe was moderator on the school board of district No. 2, Chesterfield township. He belongs to New Baltimore lodge, M. W. A., and Lake Side tent, No. 156, 284 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY K. 0. T. M., of New Baltimore. His attention through life has been chiefly given to farming operations and by his unremitting diligence and careful management he has gained very creditable success and is justly accounted one of the leading farmers of the county. WILLIAM TRUMAN IIOSNER. William Truman H-osner, who has won mlore than local distinction as a member of the Macomb county bar, in the trial of important civil and criminal cases, was born in Bruce township, May 27, 1870. His paternal grandfather, Jacob ltosner, emigrated to this county when it was a frontier district and settled in Bruce township near Nowland lake, where he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of timber land. There in the midst of the forest he hewed out a farm and when the trees had been cut down and the brush cleared away he turned the first furrows in the fields, continuing the work of cultivation and improvement until he had a fine farm. HTis first home was a log cabin, and in those early days the family experienced the usual trials and hardships that fall to the lot of those who establish homes on the frontier. In the family of Jacob Ilosner were eleven children, Jesse (G. being one of the seven sons. Jesse G. Ilosner was born in the state of New York and with his parents came to Macomb county, where he lived for many years and where he yet has a large circle of friends. For a long time he was actively engaged in farming in Bruce township, and prospered in his undertakings, but in 1904 he retired fron active business life and removed to Oxford, Oakland county, Michigan, where he now makes his home, enjoying a rest from further labor. For a long period he was classed with the energetic and progressive agriculturists of his conmmunity and his well directed labors brought him a gratifying measure of success. His political suppart has always been given the republican party. He married Electa 0. Empey, a native of Michigan and a daughter of George Empey, who came from Canada and settled in Bruce township, where he followed farming for many years. He is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ilosner became the parents of three children: William T.; George E., who resides on the old homestead farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Bruce township; and Carrie, also living on the home farm. Mrs. IHosner died October 12, 1899. She was a member of the Freewill Baptist church, held in the highest esteem by her friends and neighbors, being a woman of firm conviction of right and wrong, whose life was like an open book. William Truman H-osner, having pursued his early education in the district schools, continued his studies in the high school of Romeo, from which he was graduated in 1893. Hle then entered the law department of the M\ichigan University and was graduated with the class of 1898, after which he began the practice of law in Romeo, where he has since remained. Careful preliminary training and thorough preparation of each case entrusted to his care have won him some notable victories at the Macomb county bar. Mr. Hosner is influential in political circles as well and has labored effectively in the interests of the republican party. He is now chairman of the republican county committee and a member of the district congressional committee. He was appointed postmaster of Romeo by President McKinley and in January, 1905, was reappointed, so that he is now filling the second term. On the 7th of December, 1898, Mr. Hosner was united in marriage to Miss Nora Crissman, a daughter of Charles C. Crissman of Washington township. They were the parents of three children: Electa, born July 19, 1900; William Truman, born September 6, 1902; and Cameron Crissman, born Deceimber 8, 1904. The parents attend the Congregational church and since 1899 Mr. Hosner has been a member of the M\Iasonic lodge at Romeo and is also affiliated with the Foresters and the Maccabees. REV. CIARLES J. KOENIG. Rev. Charles J. Koenig, pastor of St. MAary's church at New Baltimore, was born in Germany, January 7, 1865. lie is the son of Adanl and Catherine Koenig, who cane to I)etroit, Michigan, in the year of 1873. Father Koenig received his early education at St. Joseph's parochial school of Detroit, continning his studies at the old high school on (Griswold street, attending the evening course. In the meantime he was employed in the large dry goods store of George Peck & Company on Woodward avenue, where he remained from 1878 until 1882. After having learned his WILLIAM I TRIUMIAN 110-OSNER. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 287 trade thoroughly, he was engaged by the firm of Lachman & Huckestein and remained with that house as one of the leading clerks until 1887. On September 5, 1887, he left for St. Jerome's College, Berlin, Ontario, where he completed his classical course, graduating with the highest honors, obtaining the medal in German, rhetoric and philosophy. Thereafter he entered St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Maryland, to take up his theological course, at that time under the rectorship of the learned Very Rev. A. L. Magnien, D. D. On account of ill health and the climate, after two years of study Father Koenig was compelled to come home and take up his last year of study at the Assumption College, Sandwich, Ontario. While completing his last year of theology, he, during the same year, filled the vacancy of professor of the German language at the Assumption College. On September 12, 1895, Father Koenig was ordained to the priesthood by the Rt. Rev. John S. Foley, and appointed pastor of St. Mary's congregation at New Baltimore, September 17, 1895, succeeding the Rev. A. J. Lambert as pastor, and is still in charge, beloved by all of his parishioners. The history of St. Mary's parish date:. way back to the year of 1832, at which tiime missionary fathers came from Detroit to (attend to the spiritual welfare of the people; thereafter it becamle a mission to iMarine City and afterwards to Swaln Creek. In the year of 1875. the Rev. E. A. lekiere was appointed as resident pastor, who wa\s succeeded by the Rev. A.. J L lamlbelt and Inow in charge of the Rev. Chairles J. Koenig. The church was built by the Rev. Father Butssy whlile in his charge as a m:lission to Mairine (ity. The parish includes one hli(((idred aind twenty-five families, consistilng of a mixed congregoation, French, Ger111man anld Irislh nationalities. The church, school and house, have all been repaired by Fathler IKoenig, atnd are in the best of condition, beesides a iandlsome hall has been erected 8and the parish is clear and free of debts. (:EOR(GE A. BAILEY. G(eorte A. Bailey, a resident of Richlmoncd, but one whose business interests have taken hilm to miany sections of the country, he beinug 1lowcT elloag(led in promoting cement plants, was born in Armada township, Maconmb county, September 19, 1848. His paternal gran(iparents were Williamn V. and Elizabeth (Arlington) Bailey, and the father was Mahlon F. Bailey, who was born in Paterson, New Jersey, January 23, 1820. In 1844 he married Phoebe Cudworth, a native of Canandaigua, New York. Ile was a mason by trade and in 1840 he came to Macomb county, where he followed that pursuit until about 1870. IIe then returned to his farm a mile west of Lenox, making it is home for a few years, after which he permanently put aside business cares and retained his residence in Richmond until his death, which occurred November 10, 1903. His children are: Eugene, who is now living retired in Richmond; George A.; Mrs. Mary A. Brown, of Detroit; and J. WilliamL, who is living in Cement City, Michigan. George A. Bailey spent his boyhood days in Lenox township and attended the public schools of Richmond, subsequent to which time he engaged in farming, purchasing the homestead property of his father in 1873. I-e then engaged in its further cultivation and improveient until 1888, when he sold out and came to Richm:ond, where, with Fuller & Son, he bought the hardware stores of Mr. Fuller and Mr. Abbott. IIe afterward engaged in the business for two years as a member of the firmn of Fuller & Bailey and on selling his interest he went upon the road as traveling salesmnan for the McCormiick Harvester ComI)any, controlling the trade in a large number of counties. In this he continued successfully until 1900, and in 1901 he became connected with the cele-nti industry, representing the Peninsula Portland Celmlent Company, of Jackson, MIiclig nl. lie then iwent to Canada to intrloduice their celment and in 1903 Canadian capitalists started a plant at Durham, Ontario, Mr. Bailey having charge of the sale of their product for a short timie. Hle then returned to Richnmond and sooIn afterward his father dlied. Since that time Mr. Bailey has beein more or less extensively engaged in the pronlotion of the business of the International Cement Company, of Ottawa, where they have completed a plant covering more than four acres of floor space and having a capacity of one thousand six hundred barrels per day. This is one of the finest plants in the world. A portion of the winter of 1904-5 was spent by him in the Canadian northwest exploring for carbonate lime. In this he was successful and is now interested in forming a company to build a plant near Banff in the Rockv mountains. On the 29th of I)ecember, 1869, Mr. Bailey was married to Miss Alice M. Weeks, of Columbus, Michigan. Mr. Bailey belongs to the lllmbusC~J ~III1 288 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Masonic fraternity and the Maccabees tent. Ie has found in the business world opportunity to give full scope to his ambition and industry-his dominant qualities-and in the freedom and appreciation of the growing western portion of the country he has entered upon a successful business career. Elton D. Bailey, son of George A. Bailey, was born in Lenox, June 16, 1877, pursued his education in the public schools and in the Michigan Agricultural College, from which he was graduated at the head of his class, conmpleting a course in mechanical and civil engineering. When he left college he entered upon practical work at Bay City, Michigan, and made rapid progress there. Having studied electricity, he took up the work of installing plants and has installed several large cement plants in different parts of the country, being at the present time engaged in such an enterprise at Independence City, Kansas. IHe is a young man of great promise and while he has already made for himself a creditable position in the business circles he has also become popular in social circles. lie was married in November, 1901, to Lettie Ii. Claggett, of Macomb county, a daughter of James Claggett, one of the pioneer settlers of Richaiond. Fraternally he is a Mason and Odd Fellow. SAMUEL WOOD. Samuel Wood, whose activity in business affairs and hearty support of progressive public nmeasures made him one of the influential and valued citizens of Macomb county, was born in Yorkshire, England, on the 14th of November, 1820, and departed this life at his home in Mount Clemens, March 20, 1887, at the age of sixty-six years. His father, James Wood, spent his entire life in England. Samuel Wood was reared and educated in that country and remained a resident of the land of his nativity until 1852, when at the age of thirty-two years he sailed for America, hoping to benefit by its improved business conditions. In the meantime he had married Miss Eliza Armitage, who was born in Yorkshire, in 1824. Their marriage was celebrated on the 13th of February, 1845, and four children were born unto them ere their emigration to the new world, but John had died in infancy. The others were George, who died at the age of seven years; Anna W. Bates, who makes her home with her mother during her declining years; and William, who married Letitia Cole of Canada and died in 1893, at the age of forty-two years. He was a farmer by occupation and owned country property and also real estate in Mount Clemens. Iie was a nember of the Baptist church and also of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and when called to his final rest his remains were interred in Clinton Grove cemetery. Following the emigration of the family to America two daughters were added to the household: Augusta, the wife of George Skelton, a marble dealer of Mount Clemens; and Matilda, the wife of Charles Mason, a resident of Eureka, Kansas. When Samuel Wood reached the shores of the new world he at once resumed his journey toward the interior of the country, and established his home in Macomb county, where he first purchased seventy-eight acres of land and began the development of a farm. This was all unimproved with the exception of a very small portion, but hie at once began to divide it into fields which he placed under cultivation. HIe built a small framie house of five rooms, to which he afterward added until there is now a commodious and substantial residence upon the farm, built of brick which he manufactured. Mr. Wood turned his attention to the brick-making industry in connection with general farming and followed that business for a number of years, meeting with very desirable success. In his later years, on account of ill health, he lived in retirement, enjoying a well earned rest. For years he was a most active and enterprising business man and he deserved the cessation from labor which he was permitted to enjoy in his last years. IHe was interested in all movements for the welfare and improvement of the county and belonged to that class of representative American citizens who while promoting individual success also foster and further the prosperity of the community. Ite was aa republican in politics. Ile served as one of the first trustees of the Clinton Grove cemetery and was long a member of the Baptist church, in which for a number of years he served as a deacon. His life was upright and honorable, his actions manly and sincere, and the good qualities which he daily manifested in his relations with business associates, family and friends won him uniform regard. Mrs. Wood, still surviving her husband, has reached the advanced age of eighty-two years. She has been a member of the SAM ITEL WOOD. - MRS. ELIZA WOOD J PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 293 church for half a century, consistent and faithful, and has contributed generously to its support. She now lives in Mount Clemens and has a wide circle of friends in the county which has been her home for more than half a century. TIHOMSIAS B. REID. T'homas B. Reid, living on section 12, Bruce tolwnlship, is the ownler of the Fairfield farm, a we ll-improved property of two hundred and thirty acres. IIe is a native son of Macomb colunty, born upon this pIlace, September 9, 1863. His father, William Reid, was born in Ayrshire, in Scotland, in April, 1814, anid in early manhood came to the United States, making his way at once to this county, where he worked by the month as a farmhand for several years. Ile married Mary (Grav, daughter of Neil Gray. Her father gave her one hundred and sixty acres of wild land and after clearing up the land MIr. Reid purchased it of his wife. Not a stick of timber had been cut or the work of imlprovement beagun in anly way, and so the arduous task of clearing and developing the land devolved 1)(o hiln. IHe was e(lqual to the work, however, ali s()onl instead of the tall forest trees were seen fields of wavving grTain, in the nidst of -which stood sllbstantial buildings, indicative of an atvanced civilization and of the I)pr'gressive spir it of the owner. IIe also botoliht meore land until his possessions aggrez'lted1 four lhudlreCd iand ten a(cres, of which tllree hundred alld seventy acres was com)priscl( in the ho e, the, h oil e lh remaininig folrty acres was a tractl of timll)er land near iAlmnont. inl Lapeer couiinty. tUpon the hiomne farli MA'. Reid reared his family and contiliie(I to resi(le until calle(d to his final rest. T'lere were( three solls 1) this marriage who reachled Ilature years, Iult all are now deceased(. ''Tey:l married, however, and left families. Followiinc the death of his first wife W illialm Rel d married Ainna Borland, a nlative of Scotland, in which country she spent lher (irlhood. There are tlree sons of this marria,1o'e: Thoi'nas B.; John L., wl1ho is living in IMIuskingumni coluty, Ohio, carrying on business near Zanesville; and James II., w-ho owns and operates a part of the old homestead. The father died September 22, 1891, while the mother survived until August 23, 1901. Thomas B. Reid spent his youth in the usual manner of farmer lads of that period. Hie attended the district schools, performing the duties of the schoolroom and enjoying greatly the pleasures of the playground. IIe was trained to habits of industry and economy upon the old honme place, continuing to assist his father until the latter's death, when he becamne owner of a part of the farm. Here he has since lived. IIe has made many repairs upon the place, imuproving buildings, and has carried forward his farim work along progressive and enterprising lines. Ile is a thoroughgoing farmer and good business man and is now meeting with very creditable success, so that he is classed with the substantial citizens of his conmmlunity. Mr. Reid was married in Bruce township, in June, 1893, to MIiss Eliza Gilmour, a native of Scotland and a daughter of Thomas Gilmour. There is one child by this marriage-Lilian G. Reid. Mr. Reid votes with the republican party and he and his wife are valuable members of the United Presbyterian church, while lie is connected with the Independent Order of Foresters. They are well and favorably known in the colunty and many friends enjoy the hospitality of their home. BYRON R. ERSKINE. Byron R. Erskilel, a promillent lawyer of MAount Cliemens, who is n\ow servinig as circuit judoge, was born November 16, 1864, in Port Samilac, MIichigan, his pres aret being James and R(ebeeca (lIIamlond) Erskine, the former a native of AIaine and the latter of Canada. lTe Erskine famiily is of Scotch descent. The Lgrand.father, JaImes:Erskine, was a surveyor iii tlie employ of the British governmlent and in that p)ositiomi weit to Nova Scotia. lie died inl (earlly ml anhoo(d. 'The father. however, reachedl the advanced age of seventy-one years. lie was a lmbernman and removed from one lumber state-MAfailie-to another-Michigan -one of whose chief industries is the manufacture of lumber. In the public schools of his native city Judge Erskine pursued his early education and having determined to engage in the practice of law as his life work he entered the University of Michigan in 1885 and was graduated in 1887, having completed the law course. The same fall he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession and became a partner of Oscar C. Lungerhausen, of Mount Clemens, as a member of the firm of Lungerhausen & Erskine. This relationship was maintained for eight years and was discontinued on his partner's election to the 294 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY office of prosecuting attorney. Mr. Erskine afterward practiced alone and in his chosen profession has met with gratifying success, gaining a large and distinctively representative clientage, which connected him with the leading litigated interests tried in the courts of his district. His attention has always been chiefly directed to his law practice and he has met with gratifying success. In the preparation of cases he is systematic, thorough and painstaking and his devotion to his clients' interests is proverbial. In the presentation of his cause his arguments are strong, his deductions logical and his reasoning clear and convincing. A republican in politics, the Judge takes an active interest in public affairs and at the convention of his party in the spring of 1905 was nominated for circuit judge, being afterward elected by a majority of four hundred and seven over Judge Tucker, for a term of six years. IIis interest in public affairs is that of a public spirited citizen who has studied the needs of his community and labors for its progress along beneficial lines. Fraternally Judge Erskine is connected with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., in which he has filled various offices. He was married in 1890 to Miss Margaret E. Nichols, a daughter of George 0. and Henrietta (Little) Nichols, and their children are James B. and Dorothy M. ROBERT N. McKAY Robert N. McKay, who is engaged in general agricultural pursuits and stock-raising on section 24, Bruce township, has a fine farm of four hundred and twenty-five acres, conveniently and pleasantly located about four miles from Romeo. tle was born on the old homestead here October 15, 1847, and is a son of Robert and Jean McKay, who are mentioned on another page of this work. Robert N. McKay lived on his father's farm through the period of his boyhood and youth, attending the district schools until he had mastered the branches of learning therein taught, after which he spent two years in the high school at Romeo. His training at farm labor was not meager and he gained a practical knowledge which has enabled him to carry on his own farm work with success. On the 1st of November, 1870, in Armada township, he married Miss Mary Thurston, who was born there and pursued her education in the public schools. Her father, Ben jamin II. Thurston, was one of the pioneer settlers of that locality, arriving in 1833 from Niagara county, New York. He is still living, making his home with his daughter, Mrs. McKay, and is to-day one of the valued early settlers of the county, having an intimate and comprehensive knowledge of all the events which frame the history of this portion of the state. Mr. and Mrs. McKay have been blessed with two children: Etta, who is engaged in teaching in the county; and Robert T., at home. Following his marriage Mr. McKay purchased the farm where he now lives and began its further improvement, carrying on the work until he has one of the best developed farms in this section of the state. He began here with one hundred acres and has three hundred and forty acres in another place. Ilafterward sold two hundred and forty acres and to-day is the owner of four hundred and twenty-five acres in the home farm. He built two good barns and has just completed a neat and attractive residence, built in modern style of architecture. It is supplied with furnace heat, with hot and cold water, bathroom and every attention has been paid to sanitation, light and air. The house is illuminated at night by gas and the chandeliers are one of the attractive features of the home. The work throughout the house has been done in thorough manner and this is one of the most comfortable, convenient, attractive and beautiful country homes of Maconmb county. Politically Mr. McKay has always voted the republican ticket, and was elected and served as highway commissioner for a number of years, while at present he is filling the office of justice of the peace. He has frequently been a delegate to county conventions and his work in behalf of public interests here has been effective and far-reaching. The family home is noted for its hospitality and it is a fitting monument to the life of activity, energy and successful accomplishment of Robert N. McKay. WILLIAM MURTHUM. William Murthum, who is engaged in the cultivation of fruit and berries in Warren, was born on the Reimold farm, in Clinton township, Macomb county, January 21, 1854, and is of German lineage, his parents, George and Dora (Schimpf) Murthum, having been born in the fatherland. The former came to this county in 1845, settling first on the Rei PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 295 mold farnm, where he remained until 1862, when he removed to Sterling township, purchasing the Saunders farm, upon which he lived until his life's labors were ended in 1895. IIe left a widow, who died in 1898, and four children: Charles, a resident of Utica, Michigan; Mrs. George Berz, of Sterling township; William; and Mrs. Henry Wolfe, of Mount Clemens. Mr. Murthum was deeply interested in the public welfare and his aid could always be relied upon to further progressive measures, while his position as a supporter of democratic principles was an unequivocal one. Ile belonged to the German Evangelical church of Mount Clemens and was most loyal to its welfare. William Murthum was a public school student between the ages of six and thirteen years, but at that early age left home and started out in life on his own account, since which time he has been dependent entirely upon his own resources. Going to Detroit he there learned the confectioner's trade, after which he returned to Warren township and gave his attention to agricultural pursuits, following farming until thirty years of age, when he opened a meat market in the village of Warren. After conducting it for four years he sold out to F. W. Cartwright and rented the Cartwright farm, remaining thereon for two years. He next purchased a part of the Spinnings farm, to which he removed, making it his honme for six years, when in connection with C. F. Halsey, he opened a general store in Warren. That partnership, however, was dissolved after six months, and a year later Mr. Murthulm opened another store in the village, which he conducted successfully for twelve years, when he sold out to Frank Peck. In the meantime he had purchased twenty acres of land in the northern part of the village, on which he erected his handsome residence. Here he now lives, devoting his time to the cultivation of fruit and berries, for which he finds a ready market in Detroit. He makes a close study of the needs of trees and plants and raises only high-grade fruit. In 1883 Mr. Murthlum was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Cartwright, a daughter of F. W. Cartwright, of Warren township. She died in 1884 and their only child died in infancy. In 1886 MTr. Murthum wedded Miss Fanny Trusdale, of Oakland county, and they have two children. Edna and Jessie, both at home. In his political views Mr. MAurthum is an earnest democrat, but the honors and emoluments of office have little attraction for him, as he has always preferred to devote his energies to his business interests, and he finds in the duties of the everyday life ample opportunity to exercise his industry, perseverance and determinationhis dominant qualities. FREDERICK C. MILLER. Frederick C. Miller, engaged in the practice of law at Mount Clemens, is a native son of Macomb county, his birth having occurred in New Baltimore, August 11, 1874, and is a son of Charles A. and Caroline (Nelson) Miller and a grandson of Frederick Miller, a native of Basle, Switzerland, who for a time lived in Baden Baden, Germany, and with his family came to America, locating in Bristol and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and making his home in those places for about fifteen years. For over forty years his home has been in Macomb county, living at New Baltimore. Hle married Louisa Sulzer, whose ancestors lived in the duchy of Baden Baden, Germuany, the ancestral home being at Carlsruhle. To them were born three children: Charles A.; Louisa, the wife of August Graessle, of Detroit, Michigan; and a son that died in infancy. Charles A. Miller was born in Baden Baden, Germany, and came to this country when five years of age and was reared in Pennsylvania, conling to Macomb county when twenty-five years of age, and for a long period of time was engaged in the meat business at New Baltimore. IIe is still residing at that place and is one of its leading and influential citizens, having served as a member of the board of trustees and is a justice of the peace of the township of Chesterfield. lie married Caroline Nelson, a native of Michigan and a daughter of Cornelius Nelson. who was born in Christiana, Norway, while his wife, Catherine (Fink) Nelson, was a native of Hamburg, Germany. She came to this country during her early life, met her future husband on the sailing vessel coming across, and upon reaching New York was married, he having been a mate on the ship. Leaving New York they went to Buffalo, remaining there a short time, thence coming to Michigan, where Mr. Nelson purchased the farm upon which he lived and died, in the early days enduring all the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. He frequently walked to and from Detroit, a distance of over thirty miles, carrying provi 296 PAST AND PRESENT OF MIACOMB COUNTY sions and other supplies. The Indians at that time still camped in the vicinity, showing hostility at first but soon became friendly. Frederick C. iMiller pursued his literary education in the Hathaway Institute and received a connrercial and shorthand course at the Detroit Business University, entering upon the study of law in the fall of 1896, reading under private instruction for some time, then pursuing a course at the Detroit College of Law. In October, 1899, after successfully passing the bar examination at Lansing, Michigan, lhe was admitted to practice in the supreme court of Michigan and in the United States courts, also in the interior and treasury departments at Washington, D. C. He began the practice of his profession in the fall of 1899, with offices at Mount Clemens. lie carefully prepared for his chosen profession and as the years have advanced he has displayed fertility of resource as well as comprehensive understanding of the principles of jurisprudence by his careful handling of litigated interests. Residing at New Baltimore, Mr. Miller is a member of the board of education, has been village attorney of that village and is a trustee of the Congregational church. iHe belongs to the MIaccabees andl. the AModern Woodmen. JAMES PREUSSEL. Jamles Preussel, of Mount Clemens, is a native of (:ermanly, born April 6, 1843. His father, Christian Preussel, who was also born in that country, had one brother, James, who lived and died there. Christian Preussel, however, came to Amnerica in 1854, bringing with him his family. Ile had been Inarried in his native land to Miss MAary Wuestenberg, who was born there, as was her father, Jacob Wuestenberg, who in 1854, also crossed the Atlantic, settling in New Baltimore, Macomb county. Soon afterward he purchased a farm on section 10, Chesterfield township, and established his family in their new home there. The Preussel family also located in New Baltimore, where the father worked as a laborer for a few months and then bought twenty acres of his father's land, of which between eight and ten acres had been cleared. He next built a log house and at once began the further development and improvement of his property. He con tinued on this place until his son James purchased the homestead in 1864. Christian Preussel died in Detroit, Michigan, in 1889, at the advanced age of eighty-five years, while his wife passed away in 1856, at the?arly age of twenty-six years. James Preussel received but limited educational privileges, attending school for a brief period in Germany and the knowledge he has acquired in America has been gained through experience, observation and reading. Hle was twenty years of age when he purchased forty acres of land, which is across the road from the old family homestead on section 3, Chesterfield township. IHe afterward bought the old homestead farm of twenty acres on section 10 and later purchased thirty acres adjoining, so that his farm altogether comprises ninety acres. This he cleared and placed under a high state of cultivation. It involved much arduous labor, for his first forty-acre tract was all covered with timber. I-e erected all of the buildings there and his first barn was constructed of logs, but in 1870 he replaced this by a good frame structure. HIis house was erected in 1869 and he continued upon the farm until 1899, when he sold the property to Charles Schwalnebeck, his son-in-law. In 1882 he purchased a farm of eighty acres on section 3, Chesterfield township, and this he has gradually inproved, rebuildingi the house and erecting a new barn and other out building's. ie still owns this property. On the 16th of March, 1865, Mr. Preussel was married to Sophia Trost, a daughter of John and Mary (Bowman) Trost, of Chesterfield township. Mrs. Preussel was born April 7, 1844, and died February 8, 1903, in her fifty-ninth year. She was known throughout her locality as one of the most charitable and motherly women and no call was ever ma(de to her for assistance that she did not meet. Hier acts of kindness will long be rememnbered and the love and respect in which she was held will be the brightest jewels in her crown. She came to this country from Germany with her parents in 1849 and in 1856 they removed to Macomb county, settling in Chesterfield township, where they spent their remaining days upon a farm. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Preussel were born two children: Mkinnie, now the wife of Charles Schwanebeck, of Chesterfield township; and Frank W., of Mount Clemens. Mr. Preussel is a member of the Gernan Lutheran church. His early political support was given to the democracy, but during the JAM ES PREUITSSEL. I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 299 last few years he has advocated republican principles and voted for the candidates of that party. He is a man of generous disposition and genial temperament. He still resides in Chesterfield township and is one of the substantial and respected men of his locality, having made a clear record, his life being as an open book which all may read. ALBERT E. MILLETT. Albert E. Millett, now engaged in the furniture and undertaking business in Armada, was formerly connected with educational interests in Michigan, being widely known as a most competent teacher. He was born in IHebron, Oxford county, Maine, October 3, 1858, his parents being Lemuel T. and Mary A. (Milliken) Millett, both of whom were of English lineage, some of their ancestors having come from Scotland and some from England. The line of paternal descent can be traced back to Henry Millett, gentleman and attorney-at-law of Surrey county, England. The son, Tlomas Millett, was the original ancestor in America, co:ing from England to this county in 1635. The next in tie line of direct descent was also named Thomas. The paternal great-great-grandfather was David Millett, -who settled in New Gloucester, Maine, and died in North Yarmouth ab)out 1785. The great-grandfather, John MIillett, was a soldier in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war. The father, Lemuel T. M\illett. was born in Peru, Maine, in 1810, becomingil a farmer and contractor, alld died in the year 1868. He wedded Miss Mary A. Milliken, who was bornl in Sea(r1orlo, Maine, in 1818. Albert E. Millett pursued his early education in the schools of Androscoo(ggi county, Maine, and continued his studlies in the Academny of 1lebron and Bridgeton, beingo graduated fronm the latter in 1879. lIe then matriculated in Bates College, from which he was gradualted with th e degree of bachelor of arts in 1883, while in 1886 the master's degree was conferred upon him by the same institution. 1is career as an educator began soon afterward and extended over the period of twenty-six years. He taught in Minot, Maine, in 1877, in West Minot in 1879, in West Searboro, Maine, from 1880 until 1882, and the following year came to M1ichigan. He was principal of the high school at Richmond for four years and at Rochester for one year, while for seven years he was principal of the schools of Armada and at Utica for eight years. His labors in the schoolroom were highly successful because he was an excellent disciplinarian and moreover had the ability to impress strongly and clearly upon the minds of the pupils the principles of knowledge which he wished to impart. He was a member of the school board of examiners for ten years, but in 1903 he put aside active school work and came to Armada, engaging in the furniture and undertaking business here. I-e carries a carefully selected and quite complete stock of goods and has secured a liberal patronage. He pursued a course in the Chicago College of Embalming and has a diploma from that school. Mr. Millett is recognized as one of the leading, influential and prominent citizens of the town, and is now serving as a member of the school board and also as a member of the village board. He has been the champion of every progressive measure and his labors have proved very effective, beneficial and farreaching in advancing the general good. Socially he is a Mason, belonging to Harmony lodge, No. 43, A. F. & A. M., and he is also identified with the Eastern Star lodge, the Knight Templar commandery and the Mystic Shrine and is senior warden of the blue lodge. He takes a very deep interest in Masonry, is thoroughly informed concerning its tenets and teachings and in his life displays the beneficent spirit of the craft. I-e is likewise identified with the Ancient Order of Foresters, the Knights of Pythias and the Maccabees. In 1887 Mr. M\illett was united in marriage to Miss Nora Perkins, a daughter of Charles and Adelaide (Selleck) Perkins. Her father follows farming in this county, but his wife is deceased. Mrs. Millet was born in Richmond, pursued her education in the public schools there and afterward engaged in teaching in Armada for four years. She had three children, but Marie, the eldest, who was born July 13, 1893, died October 24, 1900, when seven years of age. The others are: Ethel A., born December 24, 1894; and Bert P., who was born March 10, 1902. The family attend the Congregational church and Mr. Millett gives his political allegiance to the democracy. He and his wife enjoy the high esteem of many friends and occupy a very enviable position in social circles, where true worth and intelligence are received as the passports into good society. 300 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY REV. JOHN RUSSELL. Rev. John Russell, of New haven, was born in Livingston county, New York, September 20, 1822. His parents, Jesse and Catharine (Barber) Russell were natives of New Jersey but became acquainted and were married in Livingston county, New York, in 1818. The father was of Scotch-Irish descent and the mother was of English and German blood. They were blessed with four sons and two daughters who grew to manhood and womanhood. About 1830 the family removed to Niagara county and settled on a farm three miles from the falls, remaining there until 1838, when they came to Michigan and fixed their honme in the township of Cambridge, Lenawee county. The father died April 3, 1885, lacking only a few days of completing his eighty-eighth year. The mother remained until May 31, 1895, near the close of the ninety-fifth year of her age. They loved God, wrought righteousness, and were most highly esteemed by those who knew them best. The subject of our sketch inherited a firm, sinewy, physical constitution as well as a vigorous, well balanced mind, both capable of mnuch endurance. These qualities have enabled him to perform much labor both of a mental and physical character during his later years. What he has most deplored is the fact that his early educational advantages were confined to the public schools of his immediate vicinity, but such as those advantages were he evidently made the best possible use of them, for in his examination on a prescribed course of study preparatory to the ministry, with a college president as chairman of the committee, he was awarded the hightest number on every branch. Mr. Russell has been twice married. The first time to MAiss Catharine Pulver, of Lenawee county, by wholm he had one son, Charles P. Russell, of Detroit, who was born in Romeo, December 8, 1845. Losing his first wife by death he subsequently married Miss Mary J. ITerriman, daughter of the late John Herriman, of the township of Chesterfield. To them have been born seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom are yet living. All are married and muster a total of fourteen grandchildren. Mr. and Mrs. Russell celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage on the 21st of January, 1902, in a quiet way at the home of their youngest daughter, Mrs. F. A. Luttenbacher, of New Haven. Many sub stantial tokens of esteem and affection were presented them on the occasion, among them may be mentioned fifty dollars in gold by express from their youngest son, living in Portland, Oregon. Mr. Russell entered the Methodist ministry when in his twenty-first year, and by studious habits and his rare gifts as a public speaker has continued to hold an honorable and influential place in the profession for more than sixty years. The following are among the places where he has served churches with great acceptability: Romeo, Port Huron, Mount Clemens, Utica, Washington, Ypsilanti, Detroit, Flint, Pontiac and Marquette. He has also served two terms of four years each as presiding elder of a district. Twice he has been elected by the Detroit annual conference as a delegate to the general conference of the M\ethodist Episcopal church. In the session of 1880 he was made chairman of the special committee on temperance and thoroughly revised the teachings and discipline of his church on that subject, himself writing every line of a very elaborate report which was adopted without amendment. Through his whole life he has been a total abstainer froni the use of intoxicating liquors of every kind and from the use of tobacco in any form, and from early manhood he has advocated the complete outlawry of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. The following, written by him, has stood for the past twenty-five years as expressing the sentiments of the AMethodist church on the temperance question: "Temperance in its broader meaning is distinctively a Christian virtue, enjoined in the Holy Scriptures. It implies a subordination of the emotions, passions and appetites to the control of reason and conscience. Dietetically it means a wise use of suitable articles of food and drink with entire abstinence from such as are known to be hurtful. Both science and human experience agree with the Holy Scriptures in condemning all alcoholic beverages as being neither useful nor safe. The business of manufacturing and of vending such liquors is also against the principles of morality, political economy and the public welfare. We therefore regard voluntary total abstinence from all intoxicants as the true ground of personal temperance and complete legal prohibition of the traffic in alcoholic drinks as the duty of civil government." The above paragraph was quite extensively commended by the press when it first MR. AND MRS. JOHN RUSSELL I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 303 appeared, The Baltimore American remarking that the author was "entitled to a patent on it for its perspicuity and distinctness of definition." Perhaps Mr. Russell will be as well remembered by his service to the cause of temperance as from any other branch of his widely extended and long continued public career. It was in the church of which he was then pastor, in the city of Detroit in 1852, where the first public meeting was held to organize for the campaign which secured a prohibitory statute for the state in the following year. That meeting was addressed by lIon. Jacob M. IIoward, lion. William A. Howard, Dr. George Duffield, Hon. Ross Wilkins and Rev. John A. Baughman. These men were "giants in the earth in those days." IHe was part owner and joint editor of the Michigan Advocate published in Detroit during that struggle for prohibition, and succeeded in helping to secure more than eighteen thousand majority for the law at a special election to test that question, in June, 1853, and which determined the policy of the state until 1875. He has co-operated with most of the leading temperance organizations during his time, joining the Sons of Temperance at Mount Clemens in 1848. In 1863 he was elected as presiding officer of the order of Good Templars in the state, to which position he was re-elected annually for ten years, the membership increasing more than thirty thousand during his administration. He was also twice placed at the head of that order in the world and presided over the first session ever held east of the Atlantic, in the city of London, England. So satisfactory were his services in that office that on leaving the chair the English delegates presented him a beautiful and expensive gold watch as a souvenir, inscribed as follows: "Presented to the Rev. John Russell, Right Worthy Grand Templar on the occasion of his visit to London, England, as presiding officer of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of the I. 0. of G. T., July 25, 1873." During the two years following his presidency this order employed him as their grand lecturer, enabling him to visit about one hundred and fifty of the largest cities of Great Britain, Canada and the United States. Although his theme was one not calculated to elicit very much sympathy or commendation from the secular press, yet a volume might be composed of favorable notices of his platform speeches both in this country and abroad. A brief excerpta will be in place here: The New Haven Daily Palladium (Connecticut) said: "He is a man of great power and handles his subject with such masterly skill as to at once interest thinking men of all shades of sentiment." "This gentleman is an able speaker and not only the friends but the enemies of temperance should hear him. "-Bay City Journal. "As a platform speaker Mr. Russell has few equals for solid logic, keen analysis and genuine wit. He is a debater not easily worsted and he can pierce the sophistries of opponents with masterly skill. "-Connecticut Journal. "Mr. Russell is a man of decided ability and is apparently a man of great sincerity of purpose. He speaks forcibly and is at times quite eloquent. " โ€”Hartford Courant. In 1874 he was invited to deliver a 4th of July address on prohibition at Ripon, Wisconsin. Of this effort the Ripon Free Press spoke in part as follows: "The speaker showed himself familiar with his subject and armed with most convincing argumients for prohibition. The lecture was one of the grandest efforts ever listened to in Ripon. TIe is sowing golden grain in these parts." After a visit to Delaware, Ohio, seat of Wesleyan University, one of the professors writing for the press said: "As to the address of Mr. Russell at the Opera House; in point of argument it was a most masterly one and as a specimen of oratory it would vie with the best efforts of Clay or Webster. Such a presentation of law, philosophy, history and religion was never witnessed in any one man in Delaware before. This is not merely an opinion of your correspondent but is the expressed opinion of the ablest and most talented men of our educational city." The late Dr. Arthur Edwards, writing editorially in the Chicago Northwestern Christian Advocate, speaking of his work in the temperance reform, says: "Mr. Russell has grown gray in the combat and to-day he occupies the only consistent and logical ground in respect to this greatest of national questions." On the approach of Mr. Russell's seventyfifth birthday, friends from a distance sent him many congratulatory letters. We have his permission to insert the two following in this place. The first is from Dr. I. K. Funk, of the Funk & Wagnalls Publishing Company, New York: "My Dear Friend and Brother: Permit me as your seventy-fifth birthday approaches to congratulate you on the noble testimony that you have borne for 304 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY many years for truth, for the home, for man and for God. Such a life as yours leads us to think more nobly of the entire race. May your life be spared for many long years. Yours for the absolute destruction of the liquor traffic." The other is from the marvelously gifted pen of that saintly woman, Miss Francis E. Willard: "Honored and Dear Brother: You have influenced my life and my beliefs for good and for this I write to thank you on your seventy-fifth birthday. Tens of thousands of temperance men and women could truthfully say the same. I remember vividly your presence in several temperance conventions and if I were to express your character in two words they would be 'No Compromise.' You have from the beginning stood for the truth and the whole truth as you saw it and have sacrificed yourself on its altar. Henceforth there is laid up for you a crown of life. You have fought a good fight, you have finished your work, you have kept the faith. My heart thanks God that you have lived and wrought and that you have helped me to be a better and more useful woman. In another country and a heavenly I hope to talk with you With grateful tongue Of storms and trials past And to praise the mighty Pilot Who brought us through the rapids. Believe me yours with every good wish for the life that now is, and the life that is to come. Francis E. Willard." Out of sixty-two years of public life Mr. Russell has maintained a residence in Macomb county thirty-six years. Some portions of the time as pastor of different churches, at other times traveling at large, lecturing and preaching, and still in other years editing and publishing newspapers. In 1864 he began the publication of the Peninsular Herald at Romeo, intended chiefly as the organ of the Good Templar organization in the state. In 1866 his son, Captain Charles P. Russell, having returned from the Civil war, they removed with the Herald to Detroit, where J. Russell & Son continued its publication for six years longer. At first the Herald had no office of its own, but hired the mechanical work done in the office of the Romeo Argus. Only a few numbers of the Herald had been issued when the Argus office was consumed by fire. This was a great local calamity and to the proprietor of both journals presented a difficult problem. The Phoenix would not rise from her ashes without strong financial wings. But the principal citizens of that enterprising village evinced their confidence in Mr. Russell by presenting him a spot cash bonus of two thousand dollars to start up with, on condition that he would guarantee the publication of a local paper there for the next ten years. Whereupon he added to the sum presented by the citizens in the purchase of an office, re-issued his temperance paper and founded the Romeo Observer, which, although changing hands several times, has continued uninterruptedly for more than forty years. The beautiful and somewhat noted Simpson Park campground, situated one and a half miles northwest of Romeo, was also purchased on Mr. Russell's suggestion and under his administration as presiding elder of the district in the summer of 1865. He solicited most of the money to pay for it, preached the dedicatory discourse and built the first cottage on the ground. Politically Mr. Russell has also been a reformer. He cast his first presidential vote in 1844, in the township of Washington, for James G. Birney, the anti-slavery candidate, and so straight through on the same side until after the Civil war. In 1845 he was invited to counsel with the late Hon. Dexter Muzzy and a few men of like type for the better organization of the anti-slavery voters of Macomb county. He is a firm believer in well organized and honorably conducted political parties. To him a citizen without a party is analogous to "a man without a country." Nevertheless, he does not believe that any party in this country can have an unconditioned and perpetual charter. Political prejudice and religious bigotry are both distasteful to him. Religion in its true and best sense lives right on, while a good and useful ecclesiastical organization of one age may by bad human management become effete and worthless in a future age. The same is more particularly true of political parties. However, not every trifling difference of opinion among citizens will justify the rending of old party ties and the formation of new parties. Yet questions of so radical a nature as to demand a re-alignment of voters have arisen and are likely to arise in this country; then it may become unpatriotic to adhere to old parties and refuse to form new ones. Holding these general principles sacred he has acted boldly upon PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 305 them in dealing with the liquor traffic. Hence he is known, and wishes to be the world over, as the "Father of the Prohibition Party." He does not wish us to discuss here either the wisdom or folly of his course, but does desire to go truthfully and squarely on record in this respect. Mr. Russell wrote the first article favoring such an organization, presided temporarily over its first convention, and was its first nominee for the vice presidency, was the first chairman of its national committee and yet continues, as far as health and failing strength will permit, to champion its claims. In 1892 his party supported him for governor of the state and he has several times been nominated for congress, always leading his ticket in the number of votes received. Two pamphlets written by him some years ago have probably contributed more than any other documents to engage the attention of thinking men in that direction. One is entitled "An Adequate Remedy for a National Evil," and the other "The Liquor Traffic versus Political Economy." He is a believer in progress, not only in science and in the arts, but in philosophy, religion and government. That true politics includes the "protection of citizens in their rights with the preservation and improvement of their morals." To this end he adopts the sentiment of Lowell: "New times demand new measures and new men; The world advances and in time outgrows The laws that in our fathers' days were best; And, doubtless, after us, some purer scheme Will be shaped out by wiser men than we, Made wiser by the steady growth of truth." W. F. EDMUNDS. W. F. Edmunds came to Michigan from the Empire state, his birth having occurred in Albany, New York, June 20, 1851. His parents died during his infancy and he afterwards made his home with Peter Stanley, who went to Barry county, Michigan, in 1863. When a youth of only twelve years he began life for himself by working as a farmhand during the summer months, while in the winter seasons he continued his education in the district schools of the county, and later at Ann Arbor. It was in that city he became connected with the family whose name he finally adopted. He was married December 16, 1877, to Miss Anna Lowell, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Warwick) Lowell, of New Haven, Michigan, and began operating a farm on shares near Battle Creek and was thus engaged for about three years. The year 1880 witnessed his arrival in Macomb county, where he purchased the "Light" farm in Lenox township, where he remained for twelve years, placing the fields under a high state of cultivation. Removing to New Haven in 1892 he has since been connected with the grain trade, building the large storage and implement house known as Maccabee Hall. This he sold in 1901, and for a year retired from business. At the expiration of this period he purchased the New Haven Roller Mills, which he remodeled and equipped with new machinery throughout, and is now doing a very successful and extensive business in the manufacture of flour. In 1899 Mr. Edmunds built his beautiful residence on West Main street. It is a modern structure, attractive in architecture, tasteful in its furnishings and especially pleasing because of its "homey"' air and warm-hearted hospitality. A daughter, Esther Victoria, an only child, is the treasured jewel in this beautiful home-setting. Mr. Edmunds has long been identified as one of the influential and prominent citizens of his town. He has held the office of commissioner of Lenox township, supervisor for two years, treasurer for two years, served as president of the village for several years, and has had a position on the New Haven school board for the past ten years. Mr. Edmunds is also a representative of industrialism in New Haven. Besides being the owner of the New Haven Roller Mills and considerable other property, he is one of the leading stockholders and president of the New Haven Elgin Creamery Company and one of the organizers of the New Haven Savings Bank, of which he has continuously served as president. He has likewise been a factor in the promotion of various other schemes of public enterprises, successful and otherwise. Fraternally he is connected with the New Haven lodge, I. O. O. F., and stands to-day as a typical representative of the spirit of the times; closely in touch with the world's progress, possessing an intellectual force which enables him to understand existing conditions, to correctly value possibilities and utilize opportunities, not only in the fields of commerce and finance but also in public matters 306 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY where the general interests of society are affected. He forms his plans readily and is determined in his execution. Moreover, his business methods are such as will bear the closest investigation, or most critical scrutiny into his integrity. The parents of Mrs. W. F. Edmunds, so closely allied as they were with the pioneer life of Macomb county, seem appropriately entitled to honorable mention in connection with this family history. Henry Lowell was born in Bennington county, Vermont, in 1825. His father, Peter Lowell, while a student in Sweden was taken prisoner by pirates while on a pleasure trip with his uncle, who was master of a merchant craft, and for nine years had no opportunity to escape. Although attempts were repeatedly made, punishment was Iis only reward, but finally, under cover of darkness, he jumped overboard while near Boston harbor and swimming three miles succeeded in reaching land and eventually made his way to Vermont, where he married Nancy Smith and settled. He died about 1828, his son Henry being at that time three years of age. The latter, in 1848, came to Macomb county, settling in Mount Clemens, where he leased a stave and heading mill, which he operated for four years. He married Sarah A. Warwick in January, 1853, removed to New Baltimore and continued the same business for about three years, when he purchased a farm in Lenox township and became actively engaged in agricultural pursuits, which were carried on in addition to the operation of a sawmill (about 1866) until 1895, when he divided his farm between his sons and removed, for a time, to New Haven. Later he purchased another farm in Chesterfield township and renewed his labors, giving his time and energies to the cultivation of his fine farm there until 1901, when through the persuasion of his children he again consented to give up such a strenuous life and early in March of that year returned to New Haven to enjoy a well-earned rest, but before he was fairly settled in his new home he passed away, March 22, 1901. His wife survived him only four days. Sarah A. Warwick was born on board the ship on which her parents, Richard and Mary (Randall) Warwick, were crossing from England to America in 1835. The captain bestowed upon her the name of his vessel (Sarah Ann), together with a piece of gold, as was the custom of those times. After landing at Montreal these homeseekers in a foreign land, with their little family, made their way through Canada and across Lake St. Clair, settling near New Baltimore, on what is now known as the Ridge, where bears and Indians were then their nearest neighbors. Both her parents dying while she was still a child, she was taken into the home of Robert Knight on the Gratiot turnpike, where she was kindly given a good home until her marriage to Mr. Lowell. Three sons and one daughter survive them and a kindly remembrance by hosts of friends. CAPTAIN SYDENHAM SCOTT. Captain Sydenham Scott, of Mount Clemens, one of the best known representatives of navigation interests on the eastern coast, was born in Detroit, June 21, 1843, a son of George Scott, a native of London, England, who crossed the Atlantic in 1837 and took up his abode in Windsor, Canada, where he lived for five years. He was a baker by trade and for many years followed that pursuit. About 1842 he removed to Detroit and it was there that Captain Scott was born, but the parents soon removed to Mount Clemens and in the latter city the captain pursued his education until he was twelve years of age, when he left home to make his own way in the world. He went to Detroit where he secured a position in a store and was thus employed until seventeen years of age when he went to Lake Huron and for twelve years was engaged in the fishing business. He next sailed on the great lakes and for over forty years followed that vocation, continuing upon the water until about three years ago. Winning advancement and promotion he was soon made master of a vessel and has since been in command of many. He was first master of the schooner, John Minor, of Detroit, and has since had charge of various kinds of boats, including both freight and passenger steamers, and his acquaintance was very wide in shipping circles. Three years ago he left the water and returning to Mount Clemens leased the Mount Clemens Hunting & Fishing Club. In his political views Mr. Scott is a republican, having long supported that party but without political aspiration that office should be given him in recognition of his party fealty. He was made a Mason in Detroit C APTAIN SYDENIIAM SCOTT. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 309 and now holds membership in the lodge at Mount Clemens. There is in him something usually seen in those who battle with the forces of nature and learn to know her in her varying moods-a sturdiness and strength of purpose that command confidence and inspire respect. His circle of acquaintances is extensive, the circle of his friends almost equally so, and he is now classed with the leading citizens of Mount Clemens. STONE BROTHERS. The Stone brothers are well known in Macomb county, living on section 22, Washington township. They are among the prominent farmers of their locality, owning and operating a tract of land of about two hundred and forty acres, known as the old Stone homestead. This is a well-improved and valuable place and its thrifty appearance indicates the careful supervision of the owners. The brothers are natives of this county, having been born on the farm where they now reside, the date of Arthur Stone's birth being January 20, 1865, and that of Omar T. Stone, March 5, 1867. They are sons of William A. Stone, who was born on the same farm in 1824, and in turn was a son of Aaron Stone, who came from New York to Michigan among the first settlers who established homes in MIacomb county. He entered his land from the government, opened up his farm and made a good home for his family. The Stone brothers now have the original patents which were granted to their grandfather, giving him ownership to the land. William A. Stone was reared upon the homestead farm and, having arrived at years of maturity, was married to Miss Caroline Lamb, a native of Macomb county and a daughter of Squire Lamb, one of the first settlers here. William Stone succeeded to the ownership of his father's farm by purchasing the interests of the other heirs. He rebuilt and improved the house, built a barn and in course of time purchased more land until he owned two hundred and forty acres and became recognized in his community as one of its most prominent farmers and stockraisers. He was a devoted member of the Union church of Washington and was esteemed by friends and neighbors for the possession of those qualities which in every land and clime awaken respect and confidence. His birth occurred November 24, 1824. His first wife passed away about 1870 and he afterward married again. There are three sons and a daughter of the first marriage, the eldest being Dr. W. A. Stone, who is assistant superintendent of the Kalamazoo Asylum. Arthur and Omar T. are the next of the family. Helen is the wife of Judge H. A. Lockwood, who is now on the bench of the Monroe circuit court. Arthur and Omar T. Stone were reared on the old home farm, pursued their education in the district schools and afterward continued their studies in the Romeo high school. Omar T. Stone also attended two years at the Monroe high school, while their brother, who is a physician, is a graduate of the medical department of the State University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Arthur and Omar T. Stone purchased the interests of the other heirs in the old home place, thus becoming proprietors of the farm. They have further improved and developed this and are successful in their chosen work, having now a property which is classed with the best farms in this portion of the state. Omar T. Stone was married in Oakland county, Michigan, February 19, 1902, to Miss Kitty Garvin, who was born, reared and educated in that county and is a graduate of the high school of Oxford. After completing her own education she engaged in teaching for a few years prior to her marriage. There is one daughter by this marriage, Elizabeth A. Stone. In political affiliation and belief the Stone brothers are republicans, stanch and active in the support of the party, yet never seeking office. Omar T. Stone and his wife attend the Union church and Mrs. Stone was at one time superintendent of the Sunday-school. The brothers are members of the Masonic fraternity, being affiliated with the blue lodge at Romeo. They are well known in the town and in the county as men of sterling character and worth and are much esteemed by a wide circle of friends. ROBERT N. JONES. Robert N. Jones, who is now living a retired life in Meade, was for many years actively interested in farming in Macomb township, where he owned and operated a tract of land. He was born in that township, April 15, 1842, and is a son of James Jones and a brother of Charles H. Jones, who is repre 3Io PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY sented elsewhere in this volume. Robert Jones spent his boyhood days on the old home farm, remaining with his father until he had attained his majority and was educated in the district schools. IHe was married in Chesterfield township, Macoinb county, February 27, 1865, the lady of his choice being Miss Harriet A. Hart, who was born, reared and educated in Chesterfield township. She is a daughter of Putnam Hart and a sister of Mrs. Charles Jones. Following their marriage the young couple located on a farm in Macomb township, where he had fifty acres of land, which he at once began to cultivate, making excellent improvements upon the, place. In due course of time he gathered rich harvests and year by year his labors were thus rewarded. As his financial resources increased he purchased more land until he owned one hundred and fifty acres. Upon his farm he built a good resilence, two good barns and two windmills, one of which was for pumping purposes while the other furnished power for grinding feed. He likewise planted an orchard, put in stock scales and, in fact, added all modern equipments, accessories and conveniences to his farm until it became one of the valuable properties of the township. Ie raised and fed stock and also engaged in the dairy business. Each year he fed a large number of cattle and in this branch of his business was quite successful. In all departments of his labor, however, he prospered and thus added to his capital year by year until he was at length enabled to retire from active business life in 1902. In that year he rented his farm and purchased the residence property which he now occupies in Meade. IHe has repaired and rebuilt the house and now has a neat home, pleasantly furnished. In 1905 he sold eighty acres of his farm to his son, who is on the home place. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been born four children, who are yet living: Flora, the wife of Francis Furton, a farmer of MIacomb township; James, who is engaged in the lumber business near Meridian, Mississippi; Della, the wife of Judson Wright, a carpenter and machinist of Meade; and Hart H., who owns eighty acres of the old homestead and is operating the entire farm, being an enterprising, progressive agriculturist and stock-dealer. In his political views MIr. Jones is a democrat, but the honors and emoluments of office have had no attraction for him as he has preferred to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. lie has so directed his labors throughout his entire life that a very desirable competence has rewarded his judgment, careful management and untiring industry and to-day he is enjoying the fruits of his former toil in a pleasant home in Meade. JOHN HOOKER. John Hooker, residing in New Baltimore, has extensive and important agricultural interests in Macomb county. He was born in the town where he yet lives, his natal day being November 14, 1865. His paternal great-grandfather was in active service in the Revolutionary war. His father, Cortez P. Hooker, was born at Hampton, Washington county, New York, in 1814, and became a resident of Washington township, Macomb county, Michigan, in 1837. There he engaged in farming until 1851, when he removed to Romeo and afterward to Ashley, now New Baltimore, where he carried on merchandising until 1857. He then again turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, in which he was extensively engaged during the last nineteen years of his life, having large landed interests, while his fields were placed under a high state of cultivation. He was prominent and influential in public affairs and his efforts and opinions did much to mold publie thought and action. He served as justice of the peace for a number of years, was county superintendent of the poor, president of the village council and also served as alderman for several terms, but still higher political honors were also accorded him, for in 1849 he was elected to represent his district in the lower house of the state legislature and in 1855 was chosen a member of the state senate. His political allegiance was given to the democracy and he did everything in his power to promote the growth and insure the success of his party, yet he never sacrificed the welfare of his constituents or of the commonwealth to partisan measures. He was twice married, his first wife being Margaret Axford, whom he wedded in 1842;anld sh;l died in New Baltimore in 1861. For his second wife he chose Miss Sarah A. Smith, a daughter of Aratus Smith, of Romeo, Michigan, and they became the parents of two children: John and Mary, the wife of Dr. Frederick L. Burdon, a practicising physician of London, Ontario. The father died in New Baltimore, in 1886, bat I 1 MRS. CORTEZ P. HOOKER CORTEZ P. HOOKER PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 3I5 the mother is still living, making her home with her son in New Baltimore. Papers have been found whereby her ancestry can be traced back to the gentry of England, the Hooker family possessing a coat of arms which was presented to them by one of the English kings. John Hooker is indebted to the public schools of his native county for the early educational privileges he enjoyed and in 1882 he matriculated in the Aichigan State Agricultural College, at Lansing, from which he was graduated on the completion of a regular course, with the class of 1886. The sanme year he entered the American Veterinary College in New York and graduated therefrom in 1889. In the fall of 1895 he entered upon a course of study in the Michigani College of Mledicine and Surgery, at Detroit, and was graduated in 1897. He then returned to his home in New Baltimore, but has given little time to medicine and surgery, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his agricultural pursuits and kindred interests. Hle is now a stockholder in the New Baltimore Creamlery, the Chesterfield Creamery and the New Baltimore Elevator Comipany. IIe likewise owns a farm of over two hundred acres near the town and several other valuable tracts of land in the township. He takes a very active interest in agricultural work and is to-day one of the representative farmers of Macomb county. He has been a member of the city council of New Baltimore and was also justice of the peace for several years. WINENT IT. D. FOX. Winent IH. I). Fox, who has gained distinction at the Macomb county bar. and who is well known throughout Michigan as one of the leading members of the prohibition party, has spent his entire life in this portion of the state, his birth having occurred on section 8, Clinton township, June 19. 1864, his parents being Henry L. and Desdemona (Williams) Fox, the former a native of this county and the latter of Onondaga county, New York. His great-grandfather, Joel Fox, of CSaybrook, Connecticut, after living for a time in New York, came to Michigan and settled in Macomb county during the pioneer epoch in its history. Iis son. Henry Fox, was born in Connecticut, in 1806, and in 1833 removed from the Empire state to Michigan, settling first in this county and then near Port uIron, where he purchased timber land and engaged in the lumber business until 1850, when he returned to Macomb county, settling in Clinton township. lie was at one time a captain of the state militia. Ile died in 1857, at the age of fifty-one years. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Avery, was a native of New York, and died in 1892, at the age of seventy-four years. Gustavus A. Fox, a brother of Henry Fox, was born in 1810 and died November 17, 1904, aged ninety-four years. Ile made his home in Clinton township on a farm which he entered from the government soon after coming to this state. Henry L. Fox, son of Captain Henry and Mary (Avery) Fox, was about five years of age, when he accompanied his parents on their removal to the vicinity of Port Huron, and there he afterward assisted his father in the lumber business until 1850, when they became residents of Clinton township, Macomb county. HIere he followed carpentering, coopering and farming for many years. His political support was given to the democratic party for a long period, but in his later life he became a prohibitionist. He died March 17, 1901, at the age of sixty-six years. His wife, who came to Mount Clemens with her parents in 1833, when ten years of age, died May 11, 1905, aged eighty-two years. IIer parents were George F. and Elsie (Vanderwerker) Williams. Iler father, who was a veteran of the war of 1812, died in 1871 at the age of eighty years, while his wife died in 1863, when sixty-seven years of age. Of their family the following are now living: Ruth II., the widow of Gilbert Dolson, of New Haven, Michigan; Winent V., of Kansas; and Mahala A., of New Haven, Michigan, for many years a teacher in the schools of Macomb county. Winent II. D. Fox began his education in the district schools of Lenox township and was graduated from the New Haven high school in the class of 1883. His youth was spent on the home farm and in 1882 he began teaching school, at the same time keeping up his high school studies. During the period of his teaching he was principal of the Washington and Memphis schools in Macomb county and he followed the profession until 1893, when he began reading law. On January 1, 1894, he became a student in the law office of B. R. Erskine of Mount Clemens and subsequently pursued a course in the Detroit College of Law, from which he was graduated on April 22, 1899. He was then admitted to 3I6 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY practice at the Michigan bar and in the United States circuit court. On the 1st of October, 1900, he severed his connection with Mr. Erskine and became associated with Alfred J. Parker, under the firm name of Fox & Parker, a relation that was maintained until June 1, 1902, since which time he has engaged in general practice alone. He always enters the courtroom well prepared to present his cause in clear and forceful manner and to withstand the attacks of the adversary, his cogent reasoning and logical deductions being strong points in his favor. Mr. Fox was reared in the faith of the democratic party, but in 1883 he espoused the cause of the prohibition party and in 1903 was its candidate for justice of the supreme court, receiving fourteen thousand six hundred and eleven votes. He was candidate for attorney general of Michigan in 1902. His political position accords with his entire life record-being characterized by a fearless defense of his honest convictions and his stalwart support of the principles in which he believes. Fraternally he is connected with the Knights of the Maccabees of the World, the Knights of the Modern Maccabees, the Modern Woodmen and the National Association of Stationary Engineers. He was married September 12, 1899, to Elsie M. Parrott, a daughter of George and Elizabeth Parrott, of Mount Clemens, and they have a son, George Henry, born July 6, 1900. In the county where his entire life has been passed Mr. Fox has a wide and favorable acquaintance, and valuing his own self-respect more than any place or prominence that he might gain by the sacrifice of his principles, he has also won the respect of his fellowmen. CHARLES L. PHELPS. Charles L. Phelps, manager of the New Haven Lumber & Coal Company, was born at the crossing of Gratiot and the old Romeo plank roads in Lenox township, October 21, 1861, his parents being Josiah Louis and Calestia C. (Ford) Phelps. The father, who was born in Massachusetts in 1814, came to Macomb county with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Phelps, about 1831. The grandfather purchased government land in Lenox township on the Gratiot turnpike road, where he endured the hardships of the early pioneers in opening up and improving a farm. He persistently carried on his work, however, until he had a valuable property, which he after ward divided among his children. Of his family three sons, William, Edward and Josiah Louis, also spent their lives in Macomb county and died here, with the exception of William, who departed this life in Kansas. Josiah L. Phelps lived on part of the original homestead and with the family endured all the trials and privations incident to the development of a farm in a pioneer district, giving his attention through life to agricultural pursuits. I-e married Miss Calestia C. Ford, a daughter of Gardner and Samantha Ford, natives of Massachusetts and Ohio respectively, who came to Michigan in 1846, settling in Lenox township two miles north of New Haven. Mr. Ford was a painter by trade and died in 1856, while his wife passed away in 1876. The death of Josiah L. Phelps also occurred in 1876. His widow and sons are still living in New Haven, and one of the sons is now in charge of the New Haven power house. The other son, Charles L. Phelps, was a student in the district schools of New haven until ten years of age, when he began working in Hazelton's mill, where he was employed until 1881, when he was sent to Washington, Macomb county, where he worked in the sawmill for thirteen years. In 1894 he went to Detroit and was in the employ of the firm of Brownlee & Conpany until 1898, when he again came to New Haven, where he organized the New Haven Lumber & Coal Conpany, of which he is the largest stockholder and is now the manager. This has proved a prosperous business venture, a large and profitable trade having been secured. On the 5th of October, 1887, Mr. Phelps was married to Miss Carrie E. Briggs, a daughter of Jacob Briggs, of Chesterfield township. She died July 31, 1900, leaving a son, Glenn C. On the 27th of November, 1902, Mr. Phelps was married to Miss Carrie S. Simmons, a daughter of Wesley Simmons, of Lenox township, and by this marriage there is one son, Stanford N. Mrs. Phelps' father was born in Chesterfield township, January 31, 1840, and was a son of Cyrus B. Simmlons, whose birth occurred in Oneida county, New York, in 1813. The latter came to Macomb county in 1832 and purchased a tract of government land on section 7, in what is now Chesterfield township, the deed being signed by Martin Van Buren, then president of the United States. His first work was to clear enough land in order to plant some grain. Having no saw, all of the timber was cut down with an ax. When a small crop PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 317 had been put in Mr. Sinmmons undertook the work of cutting a road, he and other neighbors going as far as Fairchild and then working back toward their own homes. He made the first cart used in this section, constructing it by cutting a large log and joining the blocks with iron bands. His labors were not alone for his own welfare, for he was likewise interested in school work and was one of the first members of the school board of district No. 3. He also aided in building the first Methodist Episcopal church on Gratiot road, and thus he contributed in no immaterial manner to the substantial upbuilding of intellectual and moral progress of this community. Ile died January 26, 1886. Wesley Sirmmons, father of Mrs. Phelps, was educated in district No. 3, Clinton township, and in Mount Clemens, and he remained upon his father's farm until his marriage in 1866, after which he located upon a tract of land of forty acres in Lenox township, given him by his father. IIe, too, served on the school board and he was a member of the New Haven Congregational church. He died January 24, 1892, and his wife passed away November 27, 1903. They left three children: Edwin J., who is living on the home farm; Carrie S., now Mrs. Phelps; and Angie M., now Mrs. W. Ewalt, who is living with her sister in New Haven. Mrs. Phelps was educated in the Ypsilanti Normal School, while Angie was a graduate in elocution of the Northern Indiana Normal School of the class of 1898. The life history of Mr. Phelps is that of a self-made man. Success comes not to him who idly waits, but to the faithful toiler whose characteristics are intelligence and force and who has the foresight and keenness of mental vision, who knows when, where and how to exercise his energies. Mr. Phelps without any pecuniary assistance at the outset of his career has so utilized his opportunities and directed his efforts that his position in business circles has long been assured, for during many years he has been accounted one of the forceful and valued factors in commercial life in New Haven. HON. JOHN E. BARRINGER. Hon. John E. Barringer has wielded a wide influence in public affairs for many years and his efforts have been so directed as to prove of signal usefulness in promoting the general welfare. In local interests and as state senator he has been the champion of many move ments for the public good and his labors have been far-reaching and beneficial. Mr. Barringer is a native of Ontario county, New York, his birth having occured in Bristol township, July 16, 1841, his parents being Ebenezer F. and Rozilia (Packard) Barringer. In the paternal line he comes of Holland ancestry, his grandfather, a native of the land of dykes, emigrating to America and establishing his home in the state of New York. Ills son, Ebenezer F. Barringer, was born in Rensselaer county, not far from Albany, and became a farmer. He was also a captain in the militia. His wife was a native of the Empire state and both have passed away. They were the parents of three children: John E., Gooding P., a farmer of Ontario county, New York; and Phoebe Adeline, the wife of Henry Olnstead, who is living in Ontario county, New York. John E. Barringer, having begun his education in the district schools, continued his studies in a select school and in an academy at Canandaigua, New York, which town was named for a tribe of Indians bearing that appellation. His youth was passed upon his father's farm and when eighteen years of age he began teaching, which profession he followed for four or five years. In the meantime he took up the study of medicine, becoming a student in the medical department of the University of Michigan. In the fall of 1863 he located in Armada, where he entered upon the practice of his profession, which he followed successfully until the fall of 1878 when an attack of typhoid fever incapacitated him for further effort in that direction. This did not, however, prove a bar to his usefulness in the community, for he has taken a very active and helpful part in public affairs, being closely identified with the interests of the township and county. He was president of the village of Armada for two terms, a director of the union school for many years, township treasurer for two terms and county treasurer for two terms. In 1887-8 he was a member of the state senate and took a helpful part in framing the laws of the commonwealth, being the earnest champion of all acts which he believed would prove beneficial and opposing as strongly all measures which he deemed detrimental. He was always a stanch democrat until the free silver issue arose, since which time he has been independent in his political affiliation. He became one of the charter members of the Armada Agricultural Society, of which he served as sec 318 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY retary for twelve years, and he was appointed by Governor Winans to the position of state stock commissioner, in which capacity he served for six years. IHe is now the vicepresident of the Farmers Mutual Insurance Company of Macomb county. Dr. Barringer married Miss Antoinette Perkins, who was born in Ontario county, New York, August 7, 1839, and was educated in select schools of that state, after which she taught school for two years. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Barringer were born two children: Horace P., the elder, born May 12, 1866, is a traveling salesman for the Detroit White Lead Ware Company and resides in Armada. He married Elva Freeman, a daughter of Newman Freeman, and they have one child, Gertrude. Alice A., born June 11, 1870, is at home with her parents. Dr. Barringer has membership relations with the Grange. He has been a Mason since 1864, was master of his lodge for fifteen years and belongs to the chapter. Few citizens of Armada are more widely known and none are held in higher regard throughout the state than is Dr. Barringer, whose professional and business career, as well as his activity in public life, entitles him to the confidence and trust of his fellowmen, whom he has faithfully served in many positions of responsibility. He has long been regarded as a leader of public thought and action and has been and is distinctively a man of prominence and influence in this state. SABIN I. STUMP. Sabin I. Stump is a grain dealer of Armada, who owns a fine elevator well equipped for the conduct of business of that character. He is a native son of Armada township, born August 15, 1857, his parents being Levi and Harriet (Newhall) Stump. The father was born in New York and with his parents came to Michigan about 1836, the family home being established north of the present site of Richmond. Leonard Stump, the grandfather, became a pioneer resident of this part of the state and there developed a good farm. In his family were the following named: Henry, Levi, Chester, Horace and two daughters, Mary and Delia. Horace Stump is now in Chicago with the National Express Company, having made his home in that city from his boyhood days to the present. Levi Stump was for many years actively engaged in farming and owned a good tract of land, richly cultivated, northwest of Armada but at length he determined to live a retired life and removed to Armada, where he now makes his home. He yet owns twenty-one acres of land while the old farm homestead is in possession of his son Sabin. The father was married twice and his second wife is now deceased. There were three children of the first marriage: John IT., who began business as a farmer, is now a lumber merchant and owner of a veneer plant at Armada. He is married and has one son. Sabin is the next younger. Elizabeth, who was keeping house for John Stump, was burned to death in an apple dryer when twenty-five years of age. Sabin I. Stump completed his education by study in the high school at Armada and later he engaged in teaching for two years. lIe afterward followed farming for three years upon land owned by Mr. Case west of the town. IIe then came to the village of Armada, where he built an elevator, which is still standing. He began buying grain in the old station house and in 1884 he built an elevator in order to facilitate his business. In 1898 he erected a still more modern elevator all finished in hardwood and equipped with a complete bean plant which was installed at a cost of fifteen hunderd dollars. He also has his own electric light plant and everything about his place is most modern in construction, showing his familiarity with all progressive ideas connected with his line of trade. He also has a mill for the manufacture of quarter-sawed oak and is now making fine panels. In 1879 Mr. Stump was united in marriage to Miss Olive Case and unto them have been born six children, of whom four are yet living, but Carl, the eldest, is deceased. Vida, who was educated in the high school and in a business college in Detroit, is now assisting her father in business. Hazel is a graduate of the high school of Armada. Olive is deceased. Clyde is attending the public schools of Armada and Clarence completes the family. The eldest son was a graduate of the high school of Armada, also of the Ypsilanti Normal School and had a life certificate as a teacher, but died at the age of twenty-one years. Mr. Stump was formerly a democrat in his political views but now gives his political allegiance to the republican party. HIe has been township treasurer and president of the village board. He belongs to the Masonic lodge at Armada and is also identified with the Foresters and the Maccabees, while both he and his wife belong to the Congregational church. They are widely and favorably SABIN I. STUMP. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 32I known in social circles here and his business prominence is acknowledged by all, for he has the capability which enables him to readily understand intricate business situations and to furnish the problem for their solution. GEORGE W. BRABB. George W. Brabb, who is now living a retired life in Romeo, was for a number of years a prominent farmer and business man of MIacomb county. He was born in the township of Washington, February 10, 1843, and is of English lineage, his father Isaac Brabb, having been born in Yorkshire, England, October 10, 1794. The name was originally spelled with an "s, " but this was dropped by the children of Isaac Brabb, Sr. In that country he was reared to mature years and was married to Hannah Hudson, who was born September 14, 1799, and, following the birth of five of their children, he and his wife emigrated to the United States. The year 1830 witnessed their arrival and they made their way direct to Michigan, where Mr. Brabb purchased and entered land near Romeo in the township of Washington. Here he began clearing the fields and in course oi time he developed a good farm, so managing his agricultural interests that his land becamle very productive, yielding large crops, which found a ready sale on the market. He was known as a capable financier, his business judgment being sound and reliable and as the years passed he became the owner of large tracts of land. He gave to each of his sons a farm. When prosperity to a large degree had crowned his efforts and he found himself in possession of a comfortable competence he removed to Romeo to spend his last years in retirement from further labor. He was, however, a promoter and one of the organizers of the Romeo Savings Bank, in which he served as a stockholder and director until his death. He was ever a useful and publicspirited citizen, giving his aid and influence to many worthy public measures which have proven of temporary or permanent good to the community. Hle died in 1876, at the age of eighty-two years, respected and honored by all who knew him. George W. Brabb is the youngest in a family of four sons and six daughters, the others being: Ann, who was born November 8, 1818, and married John Stead, but both are now deceased; John HI., who was born November 5, 1820, and for a nunmber of years was presi dent of the Citizens Savings Bank of Romeo; Ann, who was born November 8, 1824, and is now deceased; William H., of Romeo, who was born September 15, 1826; Caroline, of Romeo, who was born September 1, 1829, and is the widow of Robert Ferguson; Isaac N., who was born August 15, 1833, and after following farming for a number of years, took up his abode in Romeo; and three daughters, who died in infancy. George W. Brabb spent his youth in his parents' home and acquired his early education in the common schools, while later he continued his studies in the high school of Romeo. Following the time when he attained his majority he gave his attention to the supervision of his father's interests and later he engaged in the hardware trade, purchasing a hardware store in Romeo, which he conducted for several years. He organized a stock company for the manufacture of road carts and in his factory employed a large force of womrmen. The business grew to extensive proportions and the output was as high as from forty to seventy-five carts per day. Subsequently Mr. Brabb also engaged in the implement business and in this he is still interested. He likewise holds stock in the Romeo Savings Bank and he is the owner of the old family homestead of two hundred and seventy acres, constituting a very valuable tract of land, which is richly improved, being equipped with all modern conveniences. Ile erected thereon a neat and commodious residence. In 1873 Mr. Brabb was united in marriage to Miss Lois Garlick, who was born and reared in Canada. She died in Romeo in 1892 and Mr. Brabb has since wedded Miss Martha J. Starkweather, a native of this county, reared and educated here, and a daughter of Edwin and Juliet (Chamberlain) Starkweather. Politically Mr. Brabb is an old-line democrat, but his last presidential vote was cast for Theodore Roosevelt. Political honors have had no attraction for him, as his business interests have claimed all his time. He and his wife are active and influential members of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he has done much effective work. He has served on the church board for a number of years and was formerly active in the Sunday-school. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, having attained the Knight Templar degree in the commandery at Romeo, and he and his wife are identified with the Eastern Star, Mrs. Brabb holding office therein. Mr. Brabb is likewise connected with the Inde 322 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY pendent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has filled all of the chairs and is a past grand. He is to-day numbered among the most enterprising citizens of Romeo, having been engaged in active business here for many years and having taken an interested part in the maintenance of the moral, educational and commercial progress of the city. He has fostered numerous local industries and has contributed his means and influence to various undertakings calculated to benefit the people of Romeo and of Macomb county. WALTER J. BAILEY. Among the enterprising and successful agriculturists of Bruce township is numbered Walter J. Bailey, who is the owner of a wellimproved and valuable farm of two hundred acres on section 23, within two miles of Romeo. He is a native son of Michigan, his birth having occurred in Pontiac, Oakland county, October 28, 1863. His father, John Bailey, was born in Dorsetshire, England, in 1823, and came to the new world with an older brother in 1831. Settling in Canada, he there grew to manhood, and in 1847 removed to Oakland county, Michigan, being engaged in the livery business at Pontiac and Detroit for twenty-four years. At the former place he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Kimble, who is a native of Rochester, New York. On his retirement from the livery business Mr. Bailey located on a farm east of Pontiac and to the cultivation and improvement of that place he devoted his energies throughout the remainder of his life, dying there in 1883. His widow still survives him and makes her home with her son Walter, a hale and hearty old lady of seventy-seven years. In the family were three children, of whom Walter J. is the youngest. James II., the oldest, is a farmer of Bruce township. Abbie, the only daughter, died at the age of seven years. Walter J. Bailey spent the first fourteen years of his life in Pontiac, and in the schools of that city acquired the greater part of his education. IIe then accompanied his parents on their removal to the farm and assisted his father in its operation until the latter's death. For three years thereafter he continued to carry on the home farm, and then worked by the month for the same length of time. On the 9th of April, 1890, he was married in Romeo to Miss Belle B. Wyman, who was born, reared and educated in Pontiac and is a daughter of Moses Wyman and a granddaughter of Hiram Taylor, one of the first settlers of Macomb county from Vermont. After his marriage Mr. Bailey located on the Hiram Taylor farm, which he operated for five years and then removed to Dr. Berry's farm of four hundred acres, forming a partnership with that gentleman in the stock-raising industry, which relation was continued with mutual pleasure and profit for seven years. Although there was never any written agreement between them, their business relations were always most satisfactory and they are still warm friends. After the partnership was dissolved Mr. Bailey continued in charge of the Doctor's farm for two years. At one time they owned and operated seven hundred and seventy-six acres of land. In 1900 Mr. Bailey purchased his present fine farm of two hundred and twelve acres, which he has placed under a high state of cultivation and greatly improved. For many years he has dealt in stock, which he buys and fattens for the market, and is also a breeder of fine driving horses and Shropshire sheep. A man of good business and executive ability, he has met with success in all his undertakings and is to-day numbered among the prosperous farmers and stock dealers of Macomb county. Mr. Bailey has been called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 1st of June, 1897, leaving two children: John M., born August 28, 1891; and Sadie Belle, born November 12, 1894. Since age gave him the right of franchise he has supported the men and measures of the democratic party, casting his first presidential vote for Grover Cleveland, but he has never cared for political honors. Fraternally, he is a Royal Arch Mason, and is now serving as junior warden in the blue lodge. He is also a member of the Eastern Star and the Knights of the Maccabees at Romeo, and is a man highly respected and esteemed by all who know him. WILLIAM T. KELLY. William T. Kelly, of Mount Clemens, a practitioner at the bar of Macomb county, was born April 17, 1878, in the city which is still his home. His paternal grandfather was Rev. William T. Kelly, a native of Ireland, who came to this country about 1844. He was an Episcopal clergyman and died while serving as rector of the church at Dex WILLIAM T. KELLY. k I I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 325 ter, Michigan. His wife, a sister of T. M. Crocker, died at Mount Clemens, Michigan. Their only child was Dr. M. C. Kelly, a native of Michigan, who engaged in the practice of his profession in Mount Clemens for twenty-eight years. He died in December, 1898, at the age of fifty-one years. He married Alice Mary Snook, also a native of Michigan and a daughter of Thomas W. Snook, a native of Mount Clemens and proprietor of a stave mill in this city. Ile died in 1901. Mrs. Kelly is still living. By her marriage she became the mother of four children: William T.; Arthur I., deceased; Charles D., who is studying mechanical engineering in the Michigan University; and Harry C., at Mount Clemens. William T. Kelly, the eldest of the family, pursued his preliminary education in the public schools of Mount Clemens and continued his studies in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and the Detroit College of Law, from which he was graduated with the class of 1901. He entered upon the active practice of his profession January 1, 1902, in Mount Clemens, and has met with gratifying success, having already a good clientage, although one of the youngest members of the Macomb county bar. There is no calling which demands closer application and more unremitting diligence than the law and through the exercise of these qualities Mr. Kelly has won the favorable attention of the bar and of the general public. In politics he is a democrat, active as a worker in the ranks of the party, and on May 5, 1905, was appointed city attorney for Mount Clemens. WILLIAM H. NORTON. William H. Norton, living on section 16, Washington township, is devoting his attention to general farming and stock-raising. He is a typical son of the golden west, enterprising, alert and energetic. lie was born in Oakland county, Michigan, April 11, 1852, and is a son of the IHon. John M. Norton, a native of Ontario county, New York, his birthplace being not far from the city of Rochester. His natal day was May 5, 1820. His father, Elder John Norton, was a pioneer minister of Macomb county, Michigan, arriving in this state in 1821. He represented the Baptist denomination and labored earnestly to carry the gospel through the new settlemients. IHon. John M. Norton was reared in Oakland county and was a self-educated and self-made man. In early life he worked by the month until his labors had brought him capital sufficient to enable him to engage in business on his own account. Ite followed farming in Oakland county, owning and operating a valuable tract of land near Rochester and thereon he reared his family. He served for one term as state senator of Michigan and was always keenly interested in the questions and issues that involved the upbuilding and progress of the state along social, intellectual, legal and moral lines. He was married in Oakland county to Miss Nancy HIazen, who was born in Ontario county, New York, and came to the west in her childhood days. Mr. Norton passed away August 11, 1902, and is still survived by his wife, who yet resides upon the old homestead farm. William IH. Norton is the second in order of birth in a family of four sons and two daughters, all of whom are yet living, excepting Abbie May, who died in infancy. The others are as follows: Elvira E., now the wife of J. W. King, of Tawas City, Michigan; William H., of this review; John T., a druggist and business man of Rochester; Clarence S., a physician of Chicago; and Grant C., a farmer, of Oakland county. William H. Norton was reared upon the old homestead farm and supplemented his early educational advantages by study in the high school at Rochester and at Romeo, Michigan, supplemented by one year's attendance at the University of Michigan, where he pursued the literary course. IIe engaged in teaching to a greater or less extent for eighteen years, following that profession through the winter months, while in the summer seasons he operated the farm. In each department of labor he met with success, carefully guiding his affairs so that his efforts resulted in the acquirement of a comfortable competence. In 1896 he purchased his present property, comprising one hundred and twenty-five acres of land on section 16, Washington township. This is a well-improved and valuable farm, on which he raises good grades of stock. Ile has made a specialty of breeding and dealing in sheep and has a fine flock of HIampshire Downs. Ile also raises Duroc-Jersey hogs and the sale of his stock adds largely to his annual income. On the 16th of January, 1876, in Oakland county, Michigan, Mr. Norton was married to Miss Anna Hiple, a native of Macomb county who was reared and educated here. After his marriage he taught and farmed for 326 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY a number of years in Oakland county and while living there was elected and served as township superintendent of schools for a number of years. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Norton has been blessed with two sons: Harvey W., who has been educated in the Rochester high school; and Don C., who is now a student in the high school at Romeo. Politically Mr. Norton is a republican where national issues are involved, having cast his first presidential ballot for Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876 and his last for Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. He has filled a number of local positions of honor and trust and has served as president of the Farmers' Club for two years. Ile was president of the Macomb County Institute for two years and he and his wife are yet identified with that organization. Mr. Norton is well known in Macomb and Oakland counties as a man of integrity and worth and both he and Mrs. Norton enjoy the esteem of the entire countryside, while the gracious hospitality of their own home has gained for them the good will of all. C. A. W. LILJENSTOLPE. Carl August Wilhelm Liljenstolpe, the founder and proprietor of the Swedish Institute of Scientific Massage and Medical Gymnastics, is a native of Sweden, born June 11, 1849. His parents, Major Carl and Christina Amelia (Breuholtz) Liljenstolpe, were natives of southern Sweden, where both died. The father was born in 1813 and passed away in 1876, while the mother's birth occurred in 1824 and her death in 1902. They were the parents of five children, namely: Clas Axel Gustav, of the Swedish army; Christina Olga, who is living in Stockholm, Sweden; Carl A. W.; Knut Otto, who is living in Omaha, Nebraska; and Eleanora, who is yet living in Stockholm, Sweden. The father was a major in the Swedish army. Carl A. W. Liljenstolpe was reared in Smoland, Sweden, and acquired his education through instruction from a private tutor. On the 15th of October, 1862, he entered the War Academy at Carlberg, Sweden, from which institution he was graduated on the 31st of May, 1871, after passing a most rigid examination. His examination certificate bears the signature of King Oscar. He was then commissioned a lieutenant in the regular army and this paper contains the signature of Charles XV. Hle remained in service until 1879 and afterward entered upon a course in scientific massage and medical gymnastics. In 1894 he came to the United States and located in Chicago, where he engaged in practice for eight years. During the Spanish-American war in accordance with provisions of the forty-first general assembly, Governor Tanner, of Illinois, in recognition of his patriotism and valor and his services in connection with the state, placed his name for enrollment in the volunteer army with the rank of lieutenant colonel, but he was not called to active duty. In 1896 Mr. Liljenstolpe came to Mount Clemens, where he established the Swedish Institute, incorporated, for scientific massage and medical gymnastics. He has met with excellent success here and has effected many remarkable cures. During the past season he has had four hundred and forty-nine patients. The institute, located at No. 59 Cass avenue, is equipped with apparatus and appliances for the successful treatment of those who come to him, and his comprehensive knowledge of anatomy and of the methods of massage and gymnastic work that will prove most beneficial, have gained him success which is well merited. Mr. Liljenstolpe was first married in 1876, in Sweden, to Miss Anna Breiholtz, who was also a native of Sweden, and died in 1889. To them six children were born, of whom four are living: Skold, Gunnar, Emar and Anna, and they all follow the profession of the father and assist in the institute. On the 19th of October, 1904, Mr. Liljenstolpe was married to Miss Pearl Prescott, a daughter of William Prescott, of Cleveland, Ohio. He was made a Mason in Sweden in 1878. His nature is kindly, his temperament genial and his manner pleasing, and these qualities have made him popular with all classes. ARTHUR JAY BALDWIN. In reviewing the history of Arthur J. Baldwin one is reminded of the words of a great New York financier, "If you are not a success don't blame the time you live in; don't blame the place you occupy; don't blame the circumstances you are surrounded with-lay the blame where it belongs-to yourself. Not in time, place nor circumstance, but in the man, lies success. If you win success you must pay the price." Realizing the truth of MRS. A. J. BALI)WIN MRS. CORNELIUS BALDWIN CORNELIUS BALDWIN A. J. BALDWIN MRS. LAURA BALDWIN N. W. I)RYER MRS. N W.. W. DRYER MISS MARY A. BALI)WIN PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 33I this Mr. Baldwin has paid for his success, the price of concentrated effort, indefatigable energy, of perseverance and well applied business principles and has won the victory which he started out to win years ago. He is to-day conducting important business interests in New Haven, being owner of an elevator and implement business there and also carrying a large line of harness and extensive stock of cement and fertilizers. He is, moreover, active in community affairs, being the president of the village in which he makes his home. A native of Chesterfield, Michigan, born November 3, 1860, Mr. Baldwin is a son of Cornelius and Margaret Antoinette (Leonard) Baldwin, both of whom were natives of the state of New York. The paternal grandfather was also born in New York, April 6, 1791, and was there married to Miss Mary Van Scoick. In 1836 he removed to Macomb county, settling in Mount Clemens, where he lived for three years, following the trades of a carpenter and millwright. On the expiration of that period he removed to a farm in Lenox township, having entered the land from the government on the 15th of April, 1837, his deed being signed by Andrew Jackson, then president of the United States. He continued to follow his trade, building the government lighthouse at Eagle Harbor and while thus engaged he was taken ill. He was unable to be brought back on the last boat that came down the river in the fall and he died there November 19, 1845, his remains being interred at that place. Cornelius E. Baldwin, who was born in Phelps township, Yates county, New York, April 9, 1824, accompanied his parents on their removal to Macomb county in 1836, and with his father he learned the trades of carpenter and millwright in Mount Clemens. Many of the early buildings which he erected are still standing. He built the frame schoolhouse at Big Stone, also the government lighthouse at Ausable and Pointe Aux Barques. Following the father's death he purchased the interest of the other heirs in a tract of eighty acres of land on which he settled and he afterward extended the boundaries of his farm by the purchase of forty acres adjoining it. He was married, April 6, 1856, to Miss Margaret Antoinette Leonard, of Lenox township, and they became the parents of two children-Fred Calvin and Arthur J. The wife and mother died November 25, 1864, and on the 4th of November, 1865, he married Miss Laura Cruttenden, a daughter of William M. and Mary R. Cruttenden of Macomb township. By this marriage there was one child-Mary Antionette, who died September 25, 1892. Cornelius E. Baldwin departed this life January 15, 1892, and is still survived by his widow who makes her home with Arthur J. Baldwin. The father was a member of Mount Clemens lodge, A. F. & A. 1M., and was an active factor in the early material progress of the county, while at a later date he was known as a worthy representative of agricultural interests. Mr. Baldwin, whose name introduces this record, supplemented his early educational privileges received in the district schools, by study in the high school of New Baltimore, Michigan. His early days were spent upon a farm and at the age of twenty-four years he started out in life on his own account, purchasing a farm in Lenox township, upon which he remained for two years. He then sold that property and began buying hay which he disposed of in the markets of the east. Following the death of his father he purchased the old farm homestead and devoted his energies to general agricultural pursuits until 1902, when he removed to New Haven and bought of W. F. Edmunds the elevator and implement business which he has since conducted. He has also increased his operations by adding a large line of harness and also carries cement and fertilizers. His trade has constantly grown and he is accounted one of the well known and leading business men of New Haven, so directing his efforts that they have been resultant factors in winning him success. On the 27th of April, 1884, Mr. Baldwin was united in marriage to Miss Annette M. Dryer, a daughter of Nathan W. and Martha (Shattuck) Dryer, of Lenox township. Her father was a son of Thomas F. Dryer of the state of New York, who came to Macomb county in 1833, remaining a resident of Lenox township until his death, which occurred in March, 1890. He passed away one of the honored pioneer settlers of the community, for his worth was many times demonstrated not only in his business life but also in the helpful part he took in public affairs. Nathan W. Dryer departed this life February 19, 1869, leaving a widow and four children, namely: Clarence N. of New Haven; Mrs. Baldwin; Eva M., of St. Clair county; and Clyde W. of Detroit. The mother afterward married again, becoming the wife of William H. Halsey, of Lenox 332 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY township, and they have one child-Mercy, who is with Mrs. Baldwin in New Haven. Mr. Baldwin belongs to New Haven lodge, No. 465, I. O. O. F.; Mount Clemens Encampment; Division No. 69 of the Knights of the Loyal Guards of Mount Clemens, and The Wayside tent, K. O. T. M. of New Haven, and he has been active and influential in public affairs. For a number of years he has been connected with this portion of the upbuilding of the county and has just reason to be proud of the fact that to his efforts can be traced many a substantial enterprise or achievement, contributing greatly to the beauty and prosperity of the city in which he makes his home. In every sense of the word he is a representative citizen, devoted to the welfare of his town and county. He served as township treasurer in 1902-3, was a member of the village council in 1903-4 and in the spring of 1905 was elected president of the village and in other offices which he has filled he has shown himself worthy of the trust and confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. JOHN HARTSIG. John Hartsig is the owner of a well-improved farm of one hundred and sixty acres on section 4, Warren township, and its pleasing appearance, with substantial buildings, richly cultivated fields and good grades of stock, is attributable to the energy and business ability of Mr. Hartsig. A native of this township, he was born December 15, 1848, and is a son of Louis and Angeline (Spinning) Hartsig, the former a native of Switzerland and the latter of the state of New York. The father came to Michigan in 1828 and cast in his lot with the pioneer settlers who were reclaiming this vast district from the domain of the Indians for the purposes of civilization. IIe settled on the Campeau farm at Grosse Pointe, Wayne county, where he lived for seven years, and then removed to Warren township, buying school land on section 16. It was covered with a dense growth of trees and in order to cultivate the land he cut and burned all the first timber. At that time few roads had been opened and in order to get to Detroit and sell his produce and buy provisions he had to follow the trail through the woods. The experiences of pioneer life soon became familiar to the family and their labors proved a factor in the development of this part of the state. Mr. Iart sig became quite active and influential in township affairs and, being elected highway commissioner, he used every means in his power to open up the roads. Ile was also township treasurer for two terms, was the champion of the public schools and served as assessor of school district No. 2. At one time he was a driver on the old Utica and Detroit Horse Railroad and he is yet remembered by many of the early settlers because of his activity along lines that contributed to the general good. In the early days he attended the First Methodist church and helped to organize the German Evangelical church of Warren, of which he was treasurer and trustee for many years. In 1862 his wife died and he was married again to Catherine Busch in the year 1863. On the 9th of April, 1905, he passed away, respected by all who knew him, and now his name is enrolled among the pioneers and honored dead of Macomb county. John Hartsig, the eldest of the thirteen children of this worthy man, pursued his early studies in the district schools and later attended the Utica high school. He remained with his father until 1874, when he purchased forty acres adjoining his father's farm and lived thereon until 1883, when he removed to Iowa. Upon his return in 1886 he purchased the Spinning farm in Warren township, where he now resides and on which he has made many improvements, remodeling the house, while in 1891 he built a large barn. He uses the latest improved machinery in the cultivation of his fields and has all of his one hundred and sixty acres well tiled, with the exception of twenty-five acres. It is also fenced and the land is well adapted for general farming, while a bed of clay upon the place is well adapted for brick and tile making. On the 1st of October, 1874, Mr. Hartsig led to the marriage altar Miss Christina Searing, of Warren township, who died December 29, 1886. Of their four children the third is deceased. The others are: Ida A., of Detroit; Edward W. and Clarence L., at home. On the 6th of December, 1887, Mr. Hartsig wedded Miss Ida D. Scharnberg, a daughter of Frank Scharnberg, of Warren township, and the children of this marriage are: Anna L., Laura W., Charles J. and John II., all at home. Mr. Hartsig is a member of the German Evangelical church of Warren and is one of the charter members of the German Arbeiter, of Warren. He has filled the chair of junior PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 333 warden in Utica lodge, No. 75, A. F. & A. M. and is a charter member of Warren lodge, No. 71, K. P., in which he has also filled the chairs and is now master of the exchequer. His political support is enthusiastically given the republican party and he has served as township school inspector, while in 1878 he was elected justice of the peace. Every office he has filled, whether civic or political, has found him prompt and capable and in the discharge of all duties, whether of a public or private nature, he displays fidelity and accuracy. ROSWELL GREEN. Roswell Green, an honored veteran of the Civil war, who spent many years as a sailor on the Great Lakes, but is now engaged in farming on section 11, Chesterfield township, claims New York as his native state, his birth having occurred in Clarkston, Monroe county, on the 6th of October, 1832. His parents, Daniel and Almira (Lampshire) Green, were natives of New Hampshire and New York, respectively. About 1830 the father first came to Macomb county, Michigan, but shortly afterward removed to Ohio, where he spent three years, and then returned to New York, remaining there during the following two years. In 1844 we again find him in this county, and at that time he located in Lenox township on the Misner road, near Big Stone, which name was given it by the Indians, the site being marked by a large stone. Daniel Green continued to reside at that place until his death, which occurred May 17, 1873. He made farming his principal occupation, but for four years was engaged in buying staves and culls for Mr. Jenny of Mount Clemens. Like most of the Green family he was a well-educated man and took an active interest in educational affairs, serving on the district school board in Lenox township for some years. Iuring his boyhood days he served as a teamster in the war of 1812 for twenty-two days, but was discharged at the end of that time on account of his youth. His brothers, Orlin T. and Roswdl W., both saw active service in that war and the latter rose to the rank of major. The subject of this sketch acquired his education in the district schools of this county and remained upon the home farm until 1847, when, at the age of fifteen years, he began sailing, first serving before the mast under Captain Whipple on the schooner Bronson for a season and a half, that vessel running from Salt River to Detroit, carrying staves. The second season he shipped under Captain J. Aimes on the scow Eagle, running from all lake points to Detroit, carrying staves and wood. He then returned to the home farm, where he remained until 1860, when he resumed sailing. He assisted in building the Abraham Lincoln, on which he sailed under Captain Charles De Sha, running from Lake Hluron and touching at all points along the river to ports on Lake Erie. At this time he was promoted to second mate. He next helped to build the schooner I.. Quimby, the scow Gladiator and the J. F. Bufftu, which on her third trip was totally wrecked on Port Stanley pier while trying to make a harbor during a storm. On board were Captain De Sha's mother and sister, whom he was moving to Toledo, together with their household effects, which were lost, though the passengers and crew were saved. The same year Mr. Green was made master of a schooner owned by Dwight & Richardson, of Detroit. running from Lake Huron to Lake Erie and touching at New Baltimore and Swan Creek. He next bought the scow Juno, which he sailed for two seasons, and for one year sailed the schooner Island City. Following this he was on the Rosa Ann, owned by J. F. Buffum, of New Baltimore, running from that place to Buffalo and Cleveland, and for two seasons was on the Colonel Hathaway for Mr. Shoemaker, of New Baltimore, carrying shook from New Baltimore to Buffalo and Cleveland and grain from Toledo to Cleveland and Erie, Pennsylvania. His last sailing was on the scow St. Stephen, owned by Mrs. James Hathaway, of New Baltimore, running from Alpena to Buffalo and Cleveland and returning with freight to New Baltimnore. He sailed that vessel for two years. He met with many experiences during early days on the lakes and encountered many dangers, as most of the vessels at that time were without compass and there were few lighthouses to guide them. The larger vessels at New Baltimore were anchored out in the bay in deep water and the freight was drawn into the water as far as possible by oxen and then loaded on to a lighter, which was poled to the vessel on which the freight was to be shipped, being then transferred. On leaving the lakes Mr. Green returned to the home farm and for three summers was engaged in contracting and building in Richmond, afterward continuing the same work in Rochester and Washington, Michigan. He 334 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY also built the sawmill for Hiram Hazelton at New Haven and one for Daniel Smith, of Romeo, at Perrington, Gratiot county, on the Toledo, Saginaw & Muskegon Railroad. He built the Maccabee Halls at Washington, Richmond and New Haven and assisted in building the Congregational church at Richmond. He then retired to the farm, where he and his wife are now living. On the 2nd of December, 1853, Mr. Green married Miss Alice Van Horn, a daughter of John and Cornelia (Slack) Van Horn of Chesterfield township. Her parents were natives of Pennsylvania and came to Macomb county, Michigan, in the '40s, first settling in Mount Clemens, where they lived for five years. The following five years were spent on the Patton farm and at the end of that time Mr. Van Horn purchased a farm on section 1, Chesterfield township, where he made his home until his death in 1875. His wife died on the same place two years later. In their family were eight children, but only three are now living, these being: Mrs. Green and her two brothers, who are retired farmers, residing in New Haven. Mr. and Mrs. Green have three children: James Walter, who married Bertha Lusk and follows farming in Macomb township; John V., who married Nellie Douglas and follows farming in Ray township; and Ida Alice, now the wife of Charles Maliskey, of Owosso, Michigan. During the dark days of the Civil war Mr. Green joined the Engineer Corps of the First Division of the Mississippi Department, and saw some hard service. He remained at the front until hostilities ceased and at the close of the war was honorably discharged at Chattanooga, Tennessee, in May, 1865, returning home with a good military record. For over sixty years he has been a resident of this county and is widely and favorably known as a man of upright character and sterling worth. MRS. REBECCA A. NEWBERRY. Mrs. Rebecca A. Newberry is well known in Romeo, where she has taken a very active and helpful part in benevolent work, her services being especially beneficial in connection with the Woman's Relief Corps and the Eastern Star. She is a native daughter of Macomb county, her birth having occurred in Macomb township, October 7, 1840. Her father, John N. Scranlin, was a native of New York, born on the banks of the Mo hawk river in 1784. His father, John Scranlin, was of German lineage. John N. Scranlin was reared to manhood in the place of his nativity and was there married to Miss Hannah Gordon, also a native of the Empire state and a daughter of Eliphalet Gordon, a native of France. In early life Mr. Scranlin learned the mason's trade, which he followed in New York for a number of years. Following the birth of seven of their children he and his wife came with their family to Michigan and here two children were added to the household. They arrived in this state early in 1840, making a permanent location in Macomb county. The father purchased a tract of land of one hundred and forty acres in Macomb township. It was largely covered with timber, only a few acres having been cleared and in the midst of the little clearing stood a log cabin. Here in true pioneer style the family began life on the frontier. Mr. Scranlin continued the work of preparing his land for the plow, cutting down the trees and hauling off or burning the timber. As the years passed he developed an excellent farm and erected a good farm residence and outbuildings. He also worked to some extent at his trade, but continued to make his home upon the farm throughout the period of his residence in Macomb county, passing away on the old homestead in November, 1862, at the advanced age of seventy-eight years. His wife survived him for a number of years and died in August, 1884, at the ripe old age of eighty-four years. Mrs. Newberry is the eighth in order of birth in their family of six sons and three daughters, all of whom reached adult age and passed their twenty-first birthday in their home. Of this family one sister and one brother are now living, the latter being Jacob Scranlin, who resides with a daughter near Troy, Michigan, while the sister, Susie, is the wife of William McCullough, a farmer of Macomb township. Mrs. Newberry spent her girlhood days on the old homestead farm in Macomb township, assisting in the duties of the household and acquiring her education in the public schools. She gave her hand in marriage, March 20, 1861, to George P. Newberry, a business man of Romeo. He was born in Oneida county, New York, November 24, 1817, and was reared in the place of his nativity, there learning the harness and saddle making trade. In that county he was first married and in 1846 he came to Michigan, establishing his home in Romeo, where he GEORGE P. NEWBERRY PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 337 opened a shop and engaged in the manufacture of harness and saddlery. lie was an active and progressive business man and because of his excellent work, reasonable prices and reliable business methods, he rapidly accumulated a comfortable competence. He was also known as a horse fancier and owned some valuable roadsters and trotters at different times. His activity extended to many lines and in various ways he promoted the welfare and progress of his locality. THe was a member of the Romeo fire department, organizing the first fire company in this city, and remained at the head of the department until his health failed. During the Civil war he served for three years as deputy provost marshal of the first district under Captain McConnell. He was also identified with Romeo lodge, I. 0. O. F., took an active and helpful part in its work and served as noble grand for a number of years. All the measures for the general good received his endorsemlent and many causes were given his financial support and active co-operation. I-e was ever found on the side of right, progress and imlpriovemlent and Romeo justly numbnlered himn with its representative men. His death occurred in 1884. AI-r. Newberry erected a good residence on Mlain street in Romeo and there reared his family. lUnto him al(nd his wife were born ten children, five of whom, are living: John S., a resident of Detroit; George E., of Romneo; Minnie, the wife of Dr. Robert L. Parkin of this city; Alfred r., also of Romneo; andl Fannie, the wife of (. D. Thompson, Jr., of Roneo. One son, lenry L., died at the age of five months: while Luther II. died at the age of three years: James Herbert, when sixteen months old; and Margaret A., when twenty-one years of age. Mrs. Newberry is a lady of good business capacity and has capably admlinistered the estate of her father, husband and daughter, displaying keen discernment and marked enterprise in the conduct of the business affairs which have thus devolved upon her. Although her duties in this direction have been many she has found time to devote to the welfare of the community,. She possesses a most kindly and benevolent spirit and is active in many charities and good works. She belongs to the Eastern Star of the Masonic fraternity, also the Woman's Relief Corps and of the latter has served as president for three years. She attends the Congregational church and gives liberally to its support and to its various auxiliaries. It is known throughout Romeo that her assistance and co-operation can be secured for any movement that tends to ameliorate the hard conditions of life or uplift her fellowmen, and thus she has won the love and respect of the rich and poor, the young and old. NATHAN DICKINSON. Among the early settlers who figured prominently in public affairs and business life in Macomb county during the first half of the nineteenth century was Nathan Dickinson, who died at his home in Romeo, April 4, 1861, after a residence of over twenty-five years. IIe had come to Macomb county in 1836 and was thereafter closely associated with its material development until his life's labors were ended. Ile was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, March 21, 1799. His father, Ezekiel Dickinson, was likewise a native of the Old Bay state and was of English lineage, his ancestors having colie from England and settled in Massachusetts when it was one of the colonial possessions of Great Britain. Nathan Dickinson was reared and educated in the place of his nativity. I-e chose as a companion and helpmate for life's journey Miss Mary Ann Taylor, their marriage being celebrated in Westfield, Massachusetts, September 6, 1828. She, too, was born in that state, a daughter of Roland Taylor, of Westfield, who was married there to Miss Mercy Bancroft. Nathan Dickinson was a self-educated as well as a self-made man. His advantages in early life were few, but he made the most of his opportunities and as the years passed he gained a broad, practical knowledge and acquired through his earnest effort and persistency of purpose a competence that numlbered him with the substantial residents of his adopted state. He left home when only ten years of age and afterward learned the trade of a jeweler and silversmith, it requiring six years to master the latter pursuit. He afterward started in business on his own account in Amherst and was identified with commercial interests there for a few years. In 1836 he came to Michigan, locating at Romeo. Here he followed surveying and locating lands, first in the vicinity of Grand Rapids and later in Lapeer and Macomb counties. He made a permanent location in Romeo in 1838 and in 1840 sent for his family to join him in Michigan. As the years passed he became an extensive landowner, having property in various parts of the state. His 338 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY savings were thus placed in the safest of all investments and he realized a good return from his property. He likewise engaged in merchandizing in Romeo, the firm being originally Dickinson, Giddings & Newbury. They carried a large general stock of goods, conducting an immense business for some years. In 1838 Mr. Dickinson established a supply store and also engaged in the manufacture of lumber in Lapeer county. IIe continued in active business until 1846, when, having prospered in his undertakings, he withdrew from commercial and industrial pursuits to enjoy a well-earned rest. Mr. Dickinson was one of the prominent and influential men of his county, publicspirited and progressive, and his influence and means assisted materially in the upbuilding of this section of the state. He was a liberal contributor to the various churches of the town and also a firm supporter of an academy conducted upon New England principles, known as the Romeo Academy, but afterward the name was changed to the Dickinson Institute. Some years later this school was merged into the Romeo high school. Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson were the parents of three sons and four daughters, but the eldest son, James, died in infancy, in Amherst, Massachusetts, and James Taylor also died in infancy in Amherst, while Nathan T. died in childhood, in Romeo. The daughters were as follows: Sarah reached mature years and became the wife of Darwin L. Gillette. They resided at Westfield, where both died. Mary Ann died at the old home in Romeo, December 26, 1902. Clarissa Taylor died in Romeo in 1866. Elizabeth Bancroft Dickinson is now the only survivor of the family. Politically Mr. Dickinson was a stanch republican, but never aspired to or wanted office. HIe was a devout and earnest worker in the Congregational church and gave liberally of his time and means toward the work and the support of the church and its various activities. Mr. Dickinson passed away April 4, 1861, and the community mourned the loss of one whom it had come to look upon as a benefactor, whose efforts for public progress and improvement were far-reaching. To his family he left not only a very desirable property but also an untarnished name, and his example is well worthy of emulation and should incite others to deeds of valor and business activity, for his history proved that success and an honorable name are the sure awards of character and of indefatigable en ergy. Following the death of Mr. Dickinson his widow and daughters went to Europe, traveling for a number of years. They also visited California and the Pacific coast, after which they made their home for some time in Westfield, Massachusetts, where Mrs. Dickinson spent her last days. She passed away April 25, 1878, and her remains were brought back to Romeo and laid to rest by the side of her husband in the cemetery here. Miss Elizabeth B. Dickinson and her sister, Mary, returned to Romeo in 1885, and this has been the home of the first-named continuously since. She is one of the active and devoted members of the Congregational church and is a liberal contributor to the different branches of church work, while in the community she is known as a most kind, benevolent, Christian lady, much beloved by many who know her. CAPTAIN GILBERT LA CROIX. Captain Gilbert LaCroix, of Mount Clemens, was born on the shore of Clinton river, Maconb county, January 22, 1846. As far back as can be traced the LaCroix fanily lived in Montreal, Canada, but little is known concerning the ancestral history, as the paternal grandfather, Captain LaCroix, died during the early youth of the latter. Ilis parents were Joseph and Irene (Pachette) LaCroix and the maternal grandfather was Nicholas Pachette, who owned a farm on Clinton river and there reared his family. IIe was originally from Montreal, Canada, and died at the age of eighty years. Joseph LaCroix and his wife were both American born, his birth occurring in Detroit, while her native place was on the St. Clair river. Joseph LaCroix spent much of his time on the Detroit river and Lake Erie as a sailor, being at different times connected with the Albion and Ariel as pilot. These were sidewheelers which ran up the river. IHis last boat was the scow Dan Tucker, from Detroit to Toledo. In early life he was employed in the mills as a saw filer and he worked at Algonac, Michigan, in Daniels mills. Iis death occurred when his son Gilbert was only eleven years of age and to his widow was left the care of their eight children, namely: Joseph, deceased; Nicholas, who is now an engineer of Mount Clemens; Gilbert; Sophia, the wife of Wilber Fox, of Mount Clemens; Mary, the wife of Fred Server, of Standish, Michigan; Susan, the deceased wife of Theodore MRS. GILBERT LA CROIX CAPTAIN GILBERT LA CROIX. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 343 Firman; Alice, the wife of Peter LaForge, of New Baltimore; and Louis W., who is employed in the glass works at Wallaceburg, Ontario. Captain LaCroix received but limited educational privileges, for at the age of fourteen years he began sailing on the river and lakes, first as cook and cabin boy. lie continued as a sailor until January, 1864, when he enlisted in Company C, Fifth Michigan Infantry, being mustered in at Pontiac, this state. Ile was with the army for a year and a half and was then mustered out at Jeffersonville, Indiana. IHe participated in all of the engagemlents in his comniand from the battle of the Wilderness, in May, 1864, until the surrender of General Lee, in April, 1865. After being honorably discharged at Detroit, Captain LaCroix resumed sailing and in 1867 became niaster of the Wild Flower, a small sail boat owned by Joseph Ballor. The following year he sailed the little scow Money Maker, owned by Mike Peltier and John Otto, and from 1869 to 1872 sailed the scow Frances, owned by Oliver Chapoton, after which he and Louis Charbeneau built the scow Matilda, of which he was master for one season. In 1873 they built the little steamer Morning Star, of which Captain LaCroix was master for two years, and in 1875 the same parties built the steamer Louis Gilbert, each sailing her one season. In 1877 Captain LaCroix sailed the steamer Florence, owned by Oliver Chapoton, and in partnership with that gentleman he built the steamer City of Mlount Clemens in 1879, sailing her four years, when she was sold on Lake Superior. In 1883 the same company bought the steamer S. II. Johnson and owned her two years. Later they built the City of Mount Clemens (No. 2), which Captain LaCroix sailed for sixteen years, and then sold her to Detroit parties, buying the steamer Richard Martini in 1895 and selling her in 1898. In 1899 he bought the steamer A. D. Hayward, of which he is still the owner. He retired from sailing for two years and then bought the passenger steamer Mascotte, of which he is the present owner and master, with his son Louis as mate and clerk. lie is well known at various river and lake points and is a popular captain, having gained many friends during his trips. tie has a nice home in Mount Clemens, in which his winter days are passed. In business affairs he has been successful and is now a stockholder in the Citizens Savings Bank of Mount Clemens. Captain LaCroix has extensive interests in various other enterprises, among them being the Eagle Mining Company of Arkansas. He was also a stockholder in the beet sugar factory at Mount Clemens and owns considerable valuable real estate, owning about fifteen dwelling houses which he rents. He is also owner of a farm of one hundred and seven acres in Harrison township. Captain LaCroix has been twice married, his first wife being Clenience Robertoy, a daughter of Peter and Mary (Thomas) Robertoy. They were married in 1867 and she died three years later. In January, 1870, Captain LaCroix wedded Matilda Charbeneau, a daughter of Captain Louis and Matilda (Moore) Charbeneau, of Mount Clemence. They have a son, Louis G. LaCroix, who is now a sailing captain on one of his father's boats and has followed that pursuit since his boyhood days. They lost five sons in infancy. Mirs. LaCroix's father, Captain Charbeneau, was a lake captain for forty years, but is now living retired in Mount Clemens, where he married and settled fiftytwo years ago. In his family are nine children, namely: Mrs. LaCroix; John; Louis; Julia, the wife of Willi rmsb; illiasby William; David; Gilbert; Maude, the wife of Captain William Jock; and Joseph. All are residents of Mount Clemens. Captain and Mrs. LaCroix hold membership in St. Peter's Catholic church and he belongs to the Catholic Mutual Benevolent Association, while socially he is associated with Mount Clemens Club. tIe is a member of the Knights of Columbus; tI. D. Terry Post, No. 216, G. A. R.; and the Lumber Carrying Association. lie has always made his home in Macomlb county, where he enjoys to the full the respect and confidence of business associates and those whom he has met in other ways. LOUIS SHUMAKER. Louis Shumaker, living on section 4, Clinton township, is devoting his attention and energies to stock-raising and dairying upon a farm of eighty acres. He has been a resident of Michigan since 1873 and of Macomb county since 1875, and is among the representative citizens that Germany has furnished to this state. His birth occurred in the fatherland, November 22, 1849, and he was reared to manhood there, acquiring a good education in the German language. His knowledge of English, however, has been self-acquired. He 344 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY emigrated to the new world in 1873, when about twenty-four years of age, believing that better business opportunities might be enjoyed in this country. He took ship at Hamburg, engaging his passage on the steamer Selasia, carrying fourteen hundred people. On the 20th of May, 1873, he landed at New York city, and having some knowledge of Michigan he made his way at once to this state, joining some German friends at Kalamazoo. Hle was first employed as a railroad section man for one year and afterward went to Grosse Isle and to Trenton, where he continued in railroad work for the second year. In 1875 he came to Macomb county and with the capital he had acquired through his industry and economy he purchased a farm in Macomb township, beginning with seventy acres of raw land, from which he chopped away the timber and cleared away the brush until he had prepared the soil for cultivation. He erected buildings there and continued his farming at that place for four years. In 1880, however, he sold that property and purchased, where he now resides, on section 4, Clinton township. He is to-day the owner of a well-improved farm here and its neat and attractive appearance is largely due to his untiring efforts and enterprise. tie raises good grades of stock, including horses and cattle, and he carries on a dairy business, milking some eight or nine cows. IHe also makes butter for private customers in Detroit, finding a ready sale for this product. lie is systematic and methodical in all that he does and his well-directed efforts guided by sound business judgment have formed the basis of his prosperity. On the 22nd of April, 1876, in Macomb county, Mr. Shumaker was united in marriage to Miss Louise Glady, a native of Germany, in which country she was reared. There are seven children by this marriage: Ida, the wife of Ed Sawitzky, of Mount Clemens; William, who died in 1900, at the age of nineteen years; Mary, Emma, Edward, Minnie and Julia, all at home. In his political adherence Mr. Shumaker is a democrat, and his fellow-townsmen, recognizing his worth and ability, called him to the office of justice of the peace of Clinton township, in which capacity he served for two years. Ite and his wife hold membership in the German Evangelical church and have a wide circle of friends in Macomb county. Mr. Shumaker commenced life in the new world a poor young man, and from the position of railroad section man he has worked his way steadily upward, securing through his own labors, and the assistance of his estimable wife, a good property, which classes him with the substantial agriculturists of his adopted county. ALLEN McKAY. Allen McKay, living on section 21, Washington township, where a farm of one hundred and twenty acres yields good crops in return for the care and labor he bestows upon the fields, is a native son of Macomb county, his birth having occurred in Bruce township, May 24, 1871. He is a son of Robert and Caroline (Day) McKay, who are mentioned in connection with the sketch of John and Harriet J. MIcKay on another page of this work. Allen McKay was reared in the township of his nativity and pursued a coinmon school education. In his youth he worked in the fields when not occupied with the duties of the schoolroom and continued to assist his father until the latter's death. Later he and his brother operated the farm for one year and he has always devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits. He keeps his residence and barns in excellent condition, the work of repair and improvement being carried on continuously. His home is surrounded by a neat and well-kept lawn, and Mr. McKay is regarded as a capable farmer, being successful both as a stock-raiser and general agriculturist. Ile keeps some high-grade short-horn cattle and pure-blooded sheep and all of his stock is of good grade. On the 2nd of February, 1897, Mr. McKay was married in Washington to Miss Eliza Crissman, a daughter of Frank Crissman, also a native of this county and a prominent farmer here. Iler mother bore the maiden name of Emma Smith and was a native of this county. Mr. Crissman reared his family and spent his entire life here, passing away about 1889. His wife survives him and has been married a second time. Mrs. McKay was born, reared and educated in this county. Following their marriage Mr. McKay purchased the farm where he now resides, and locating here he began the development and cultivation of his land. He fenced the place, erected good buildings and to-day has an excellent farm property. The Page woven wire fencing is used to surround his farm and divide it into fields of convenient size. Hie also raises high grades of cattle and hogs. Unto Mr. and Mrs. McKay was born one child, Florence Eliza, but they lost this PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 345 daughter when she was only seven weeks old. Politically Mr. McKay is a stanch republican, always giving his support to the party at election times, yet never seeking or desiring office for himself. He is a stockholder and one of the directors of the Citizens' National Bank of Romeo, and is a member of the Washington Farmers' Club. l'li- wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. iMcKay contributes to its support. He is a young man whose enterprise and energy constitute the basis of his success and whose further advancement is assured by reason of the fact that a strong purpose and laudable ambition are salient features of his character. HIRAM D. ATWOOD. Among the citizens of Macomb county who in former years were prominent and active in business affairs and who have been called fromn life's labors was IHiram Douglas Atwood, who was born near Mount Clemens, November 29, 1838, while his death occurred December 31, 1881. His paternal greatgrandfather, Jonathan Atwood, held a captain's commission under the king. In 1754 he served in the French and Indian war under Lieutenant Josiah Willard and Colonel Blanchard, and later became captain of the miiltemen at Weare, New Hampshire. Espousing the cause of the colonists he signed the association test and turned out at the Lexing.ton alarm. ITe was a lnmember of the committee of safety of 1776 and as captain took part in the expedition against Crown Point after the battle of Lake Champlain. Our subject's grandfather, Peter Atwood, was born in New England and became one of the early settlers of Michigan, arriving in this state in 1817. lIe secured land from the government and developed a wild tract into richly productive fields, mnaking his home thereon until his death. IHe assisted materially in the early development of this part of the state, his efforts proving effective in reclaimling the wild district for the purposes of civilization. Hiram Atwood, Sr., our subject's father, was born in Vermont, and when nineteen years of age arrived in Clinton township, MIacomb county, Michigan, where he, too, entered land from the government, his deed being signed by President James Monroe. Taking up his abode upon this tract he here spent his remaining days, devoting his energies to general farming. He passed away in 1872 at the age of seventy-one years, and at that time was one of the oldest residents of the county, having lived within its borders since 1817. He was a man of unimpeachable character, his life being actuated by high and manly principles. He was twice married, his first union being with Fannie Cook. He afterward married Aurilla Douglas, a native of Vermont. He had four children by the first marriage: Adeline, the wife of Jonathan Widrig and a resident of Mount Clemens; and Alonzo, Charles and Sylvester, all now deceased. The children of the second marriage are: William, who resides in Peoria, Illinois; Hiram D.; and Phoebe, the wife of George Caldwell, of Flint, Michigan, now deceased. Hiram D. Atwood of this review was born upon his father's farm in Clinton township and there spent his entire life. He pursued his education in the district schools of the neighborhood, becoming familiar with the common branches of learning, which qualified him for the practical and responsible duties that afterward devolved upon him. He was early trained to the work of the fields and thus became familiar with the best methods of caring for the crops and the stock. Ile saw no reason to change his occupation as he attained manhood but continued upon the old homestead and there devoted his time and energies to general farming. He led a busy and useful life and one that was crowned by successful accomplishment. Onm the 22d of February, 1864, Mr. Atwood was married to Miss Allie M. Watterson, a daughter of Robert and Margaret (Van Eps) Watterson, both of whom were natives of Vernon, New York. On the maternal side she traces her ancestry back to Abraham Van Eps, who was born March 9, 1759, and was captain of militia in 1778. When Mrs. Atwood was five years of age her parents removed to Sheboygan, Wisconsin, where they remained for sixteen years, coming thence to Michigan. They located in Mount Clemens, where they spent their remaining days. Mr. Watterson was a carpenter and joiner, following that pursuit throughout his business career. He was born February 21, 1816, and departed this life May 20, 1891, while his wife, who was born March 19, 1818, died March 8, 1878. Mrs. Atwood was born June 17, 1841, and was one of four children, the other members of the family being: Adelaide C., a resident of Mount Clemens; Susan, the wife of Martin Keeler, of Mount Clemens; and Kate, the widow of William McCausland, 346 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of Detroit. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Atwood were born three children: Mary C., born November 22, 1865, is now the wife of Michael Smith of Mount Clemens. Agnes C., born August 4, 1870, is the wife of Franklin J. Hole, of Mount Clemens, and they have three children: Margaret A., born December 12, 1896; Katharine A., born May 27, 1901; and Elner Franklin, born July 28, 1904. Lou A., born July 29, 1874, is the wife of A. II. Kent, and they have two children: Gloria J., born April 16, 1900; and IIugh B., born October 27, 1903. Mr. Atwood gave his political allegiance to the republican party, but never sought or desired office as a reward for party fealty. Iie belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and enjoyed in a marked degree the friendship of his associates in that fraternity. He was a man of light heart and cheerful disposition, kindly spirit and charitable purpose and many poor and needy ones found in him a true friend. Ile was never ostentatious in manner, but his genuine worth of character was recognized and called forth high regard and warm friendship, so that his death was deeply deplored by many who knew him outside of his immediate family. MARTIN L. SKILLMAN. Martin L. Skillman is descended from one of the old American families. Iis grandfather, Jacob Skillman, was born in New Jersey, August 20, 1765, and wedded Mary Hagaman, who was born, March 13, 1767, in what was then New Amsterdam, but is now New York city. His death occurred April 13, 1854, while his wife passed away October 25, 1840. Their son, Aaron J. Skillman, was a native of New Jersey and after arriving at years of maturity he was married there to Eliza Van Norstand, also a native of the same state. In 1852 they came to the west, settling in Harrison township, Macomb county, Michigan, where the father followed the occupation of farming, devoting his entire life to agricultural pursuits. He died August 21, 1869, his birth having occurred June 25, 1810, while his wife, who was born April 6, 1812, died December 1, 1896. In their family were ten children, of whom Martin L. was the fourth in order of birth. Those living are: Catharine, the wife of John P. Hart, of Adair, Michigan; Mary, the widow of George Beal, of Lansing, 1ichigan; Martin L.; Isaac, of Grand Rapids, this state; George Washington, of Sandusky, Ohio; and Delphi, the widow of Albert Walker, of National City, California. Those deceased are: Abram, who was born September 9, 1833, and died February 17, 1885; Georgiana, who was born April 26, 1840, became the wife of James Bell, her death occurring August 21, 1865; Anna Eliza, who was born April 15, 1844, and died July 3, 1876; and Peter VanDorn, who was born December 18, 1851, and died November 4, 1874. Martin L. Skillman was born near New Brunswick, New Jersey, August 21, 1838, and pursued his education in the schools of his native state. With his parents he came to Michigan in 1852 and worked upon the home farm in Harrison township for a time. Later he was employed in a nursery owned by Henry Huntington, of Mount Clemens, and after four seasons he went to Vermilion, Ohio, where, in connection with his brother Abram, he rented six hundred acres of land, continuing its cultivation and improvement until after the outbreak of the Civil war. His patriotic spirit being aroused by the attempt of the south to overthrow the Union, he enlisted, in June, 1862, as a member of Company G, One Iundred and Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, and was mustered in at Sandusky. He served as sergeant of his company and went at once to the front, participating in twenty-seven important engagements. Iie was in front of Petersburg when Lee surrendered and at one time he was captured and held at Libby prison for three months, but becoming ill, he was released. On the 16th of June, 1865, he was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, having a most creditable military record, for he was a brave and loyal soldier. Mr. Skillman returned at once to Vermilion, Ohio, and because of impaired health he sailed upon the Great Lakes for four seasons, being much improved thereby. He then became express messenger for the United States Express Company on the Pennsylvania Railroad. filling that position for four years. HIe afterward had a barg( which made the ports of Columbus and Chicago, andi following his marriage he turned his attention to farming in Clinton township, this county, where he conducted agricultural pursuits until 1877. On the 8th of June, 1871, MIr. Skillman was married to Miss Fannie High, a daughter of Joseph C. and Mary Ann (Oles) High, of Mount Clemens. Their children are: Charles J., of Cleveland, 3 -I Y2 i' 3?) I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 349 Ohio; Walter H., of Los Angeles, California; Mary Ann; and Harry, who died in infancy, in 1887. Mr. Skillman has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows since 1870 and he also belongs to the Knights of the Maccabees. He has been very prominent in Grand Army circles and holds membership in H. D,. Terry Post, No. 216. He served as its adjutant for sixteen years, was commander for two years and was senior vice deputy commander, while on several occasions he has been representative to the national encampmients. lie has also held all of the offices in the Odd Fellows lodge, of which he is now secretary. For twenty years he has been a member of the Soldiers Relief board. In politics he is a republican and his first presidential vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln. He has been successful in business, is a man of fine traits of character and is highly respected, enjoying the warm regard of all with whom he has come in contact. His labors in connection with the Grand Army of the Republic have made him widely known in its circles, and in citizenship he is as loyal to-day as he was when he wore the blue uniform of the nation and followed the starry blanner on southern battle-fields. MARTIN SACHS. Martin Sachs is active in community affairs and is interested in all matters pertaining to general progress and improvement, while in his business career he has manifested an industry and perseverance which constitute the basis of all success in life. His life record began November 7, 1840, the place of his birth being Hessen, Germany. His parents, Peter and Martha (Eberhart) Sachs, were also natives of Germany and in the year 1848 the father brought his family to Michigan, spending thirteen weeks and three days on the water between Havre and New York. He remained for three weeks in the metropolis of the east and then continued his journey to Detroit, where he arrived in the fall of 1848. The following year he removed to Macomb county and purchased forty acres of state land on section 24, Warren township. It was covered with heavy timber and the difficulties of clearing the land were great, while near the pioneer home was the danger of attack of wolves and bears. After long days of toil and the enduring of many privations and trials of life, Mr. Sachs made for him self and family a comfortable home, prospering in his undertakings. There he resided until his death, which was occasioned by an accident on the Grand Trunk Railroad, he being struck by an engine at the crossing on section 24 while returning from Detroit in 1885. Iis wife survived him until 1891. There were three sons and three daughters in their family: Martin; Eliza, the wife of Fred Ilouslen, of Erin township; Mary, the wife of William Bottomily, of Roseville, Michigan; Louise, the wife of Wimmial Stein, of Warren township; John, of Warren township, now deceased; and Jacob, who died in 1862. Martin Sachs was educated in district school No. 4 and early became familiar with the work incident to the cultivation of the fields and the care of the stock. In 1862, when twenty-two years of age, he started out in life on his own account, conming to Saginaw, Michigan, where he was employed in a sawmill until 1867. lie then returned to Warren township and purchased eighty acres of unimproved land on section 13, from Joshua Dickson, of Mount Clemens. There he spent many years in arduous toil in the development of his farm and the establishment of his present comfortable home. He has performed other work aside from farming, for in 1858-9 he assisted in building the Grand Trunk Railroad, hewing the timber for ties and cattle-guards on the land between sections 12 and 24, after which he built the fence on the east side of the track, receiving nine cents per rod, which was considered good pay in those early days. Mr. Sachs was first married August 12, 1861, when Miss Maria Foster, a daughter of Thomas Foster, of Erin township, became his wife. Unto them were born the following named: William, who is living on the grandfather's homestead; Eliza, the wife of Fredrick Bloom, of Roseville; Annie, the wife of Christ Kaiser,. of Warren township; and Carrie, the wife of Nicholas Trombly, of Detroit. The wife and mother died June 11, 1901, and on the 17th of October, 1904, Mr. Sachs was again married, in Cleveland, Ohio, to Mrs. Jennie McFarlane, a daughter of Henry Odette of that city. Her father was born in Detroit and is one of the oldest marine engineers on fresh water. He was engineer on the Susan Ward, Forest Queen and Meteor, and the last-named was burned. He has now quit the lakes and is acting as engineer at the Forest City Spring Works at Cleveland. While living in Detroit he was a member of the first volunteer fire depart 350 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ment. Mrs. Sachs is the eldest of a family of six children, namely: Rose, the wife of Charles Bonenfant, of Canada; Mrs. Emma Stephenson, of Cleveland; Charles, of Cleveland, a marine engineer, running from Lake Erie to Lake Superior; Harry, a machinist, of Cleveland; and Mrs. Melvin Holmes, of the same city. The cause of education has always found in Mr. Sachs a warm friend and he has taken an active and helpful interest in school and township matters. He was justice of the peace for three years, being elected in 1885. He has served on many juries, having been one of the last jurymen in the old courthouse under Judge Stevens and one of the first in the new courthouse under Judge Canfield. He has also served on the jury under Judges Eldridge and Tucker. He was elected treasurer of school district No. 4 and filled that office for many years, acting at the time the new schoolhouse was built, and on his retirement from that position he was moderator for ten or twelve years. During the years which he spent in Saginaw he was a member of Company No. 2 of the volunteer fire department. IIe holds membership in the Evangelical Lutheran church near Hand in Wayne county, a church which his father helped to build in 1849, and of which he was one of the first wardens. Mlr. Sachs of this review has been one of the trustees of the church and cemetery. In 1900, owing to the illness of his wife, he rented his farm and devoted his time to her care and comfort. The year following her death he traveled to some extent, visiting St. Louis, Cleveland, and many lake ports in Mlichigan. In the fall he returned to his home on the farm and he is now enjoying the comforts of life brought to him by his earnest labor and unremlitting diligence. JAMES II. ST. JOHN. James H. St. John, a dealer in grain, coal and lumber at IJtica, was born December 1, 1843, in Troy township, Oakland county, his parents being James B. and Malinda (Summers) St. John. In the paternal line the ancestry can be traced back to a very remote period when representatives of the name went to England with William the Conqueror, the progenitor of the family having been in charge of the carriages and ammunition and acting as supervisor of artillery. The motto on the St. John coat of arms is "nee quarrere nec spirnere honorem," the literal translation of which is, "neither seek nor despise honor." The father was a native of Rensselaer county, New York, born in 1810, and in 1828 he came to this state, settling near Utica. He followed farming until 1856 and then entered mercantile circles in Utica, conducting a general store there until 1866, when he retired from active business. Upon his arrival in this county he pre-empted eighty acres of government land and he afterward owned several farms, which he sold, usually realizing a good financial return on his investment. The Summers family came from New Jersey to Macomb county, settling near the Oakland county line, subsequent to the arrival of the St. John family. They also owned several hundred acres of land, a part of which is still in possession of their descendants. Unto Mr. and Mrs. James B. St. John were born four children, of whom Byron died in infancy. Samuel P., who died in 1895, was serving at that time as register of deeds in Macomb county, having filled the office for two terms. He married and has a daughter, who is the wife of ex-Senator Davis. His widow resides in Detroit. Elizabeth St. John became the wife of A. G. Westbrook, who was a business man, speculator and merchant at Marine City, but both are now deceased. Their four children, however, are still living. James IH. St. John, having pursued his early education in the graded and high schools of Utica, afterward completed a course in Eastman's Business College, at Poughkeepsie, New York, at which college he was graduated. When seventeen years of age he entered upon his business career as a clerk for his father and later went to Marine City. He engaged in business for himself as a general merchant at Lapeer, Michigan, for three years and then went upon the road, traveling for a Detroit manufacturing house for seven years. After leaving the road he turned his attention to the grain and lumber business at Utica, being associated in this enterprise with his brother Samuel for three years. He was afterward alone in business until he formed his present association with Calvin D. Church. They deal in grain, coal, lumber and fertilizers and have a liberal patronage, the business having grown to extensive and profitable proportions. In December, 1882, Mr. St. John was married to Sylvia Church, a daughter of Haswell Homer Church, and a native of Macomb county, pursuing her education at Mount Clemens and Davis. She survived her marriage for PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 35I less than two years and on the 14th of Jannary, 1902, Mr. St. John wedded Emma E. Fuller, a daughter of Lyman and Helen (Hoyt) Fuller, who removed from New York to Michigan. The Fuller family is of English lineage. Mr. St. John became a Mason when twenty-one years of age. Like others of the family he has always given his support to the democracy, but has never sought or desired office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. IIe has been successful in his undertakings and in addition to his mercantile interests he owns today two hundred and fifty acres of farm land, a part of which lies within the corporate limits of Utica. Ile has always lived in Michigan and the attractiveness of this state as a place of residence is indicated by the fact that many of her native sons yet continue within her borders. He has found here the business opportunities he sought-which, by the way, are always open to the ambitious, energetic man-and making the best of these he has steadily worked his way upward. CHARLES STEFFENS. Charles Steffens has conducted varied business interests with keen discrimination and unfaltering purpose, working steadily forward to the result that he has desired, and finding that persistent labor and careful management constitute an excellent foundation upon which to rear the superstructure of success. He was born on the River Rhine, July 12, 1835, his parents being Adolph and Anna Maggie (Isherlande) Steffens, who were likewise natives of Germany. The father cane to Michigan in 1857 in company with his family and settled in Grosse Pointe township, Wayne county, where he followed the trade of carpentering until his death. Both he and his wife have now passed away. Charles Steffens, the eldest in their family of five children, came to Michigan in 1854, locating first in Detroit, where he followed the carpenter's trade for two years. He afterward removed to Grosse Pointe, where he lived for sixteen years and on the expiration of that period he took up his abode at Mount Clemens, where he was identified with building operations until 1875. While in that city he drilled the first mineral well therea well now owned by the Avery House. Removing to Erin township he built the stave and heading mill at Fraser, being connected in this enterprise with Charles Knorr, un der the firm name of Steffens & Knorr. In 1885 they built the sawmill and in 1889 Mr. Steffens purchased his partner's interest and has since added a planing mill and feedmill. HIere, in connection with the manufacture of lumber and grinding feed, he is also engaged in the manufacture of the Steffens piano. He also has a coal and wood yard in connection with the mills and thus his business affairs cover a wide field of activity. He has likewise done a great deal of building in Fraser and at present he owns one store and five dwellings. In 1895 he erected the handsome brick block called the Commercial building, in which he has his office. The remainder of the ground floor is occupied by the grocery and saloon conducted by Andrew Steffens, his son. This building is modern in every respect and is a credit to the town of Fraser. Mr. Steffens has also devoted much time to agricultural pursuits and is at present operating two fine farms, comprising two hundred and forty acres in Erin and Clinton townships, which he has hewed out from the forest. Through his earnest labor these farms have been cleared and are now among the most productive in the county, being equipped with modern accessories, while the fields are under a high state of cultivation. Among the other industrial pursuits with which he is connected is a stave and heading mill in Romeo and he owns real estate in AMount Clemens, Romeo and Saginaw. He was president and vice-president of the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company for nine years, and when he severed his connection therewith in 1896 he was elected president of the Germnan-American Mutual Fire Insurance Company, with headquarters at Mount Clemens. On the 28th of June, 1864, Mr. Steffens was married to Frederieka Arning, a daughter of Bernard Arning, who was born in Holland and is now living in Erin township. By this marriage there were six children, of whom three are living, namely: Matilda, the wife of William Heisner, of Erin township; George W., who is manager of the mill; and Amelia, the wife of John Swink, of Detroit. Mrs. Steffens died in 1874 and on the 27th of November, 1875, he wedded MIiss Caroline IIoflmeyer, a daughter of Henry Hofmeyer, of Roseville. There were eleven children born of this union, of whom nine are living: Clara, now in Colorado Springs, Colorado; Andrew, Lillian, Walter, Olive, Otillia, Carl, James and Jeannette, all at home. Politically Mr. Steffens is a stanch republi 352 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY can and for sixteen years served as justice of the peace, his decisions being strictly fair and impartial He was also postmaster of Fraser for many years. In 1895, in co-operation with the late Edward Weeks, he was instrumental in incorporating the village and was elected president, which office he has filled continuously since. Ite is also commissioner of the poor of Macomb county. Socially he is connected with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., and he has been a member of the German Evangelical church at Fraser since its organization and is now one of its trustees. He has long been recognized as a prosperous, thoroughgoing business man and is much respected by those in the community and all with whom he has come in contact. Although he is now seventy years of age he is still very active and can be found each day looking after his business interests. He is an excellent example of the self-made man, for he started out on his business career when twenty-one years of age with only sixtyfive cents in his pocket. His name is now an honored one on commercial paper and his present position indicates his financial ability. IHe has favored every movement for the public good and his endorsement thereof furnishes an example that others should follow. Iis wealth has been so honorably won that the most envious cannot grudge him his success and he stands as a splendid type of the American citizen, who in the utilization of opportunity and the strength of his manhood conquers an adverse environment and is respected and honored because of his prosperity. THOMAS SCOTT. Thomas Scott is now living a retired life in the village of Davis, but for forty years was an active and substantial farmer of Macomb county, owning a tract of land of eighty acres on section 2, Mlacomb township. He was born in Lower Canada, May 16, 1845, his father, Archibald Scott, however, being a native of Ireland, whence he crossed the Atlantic in early life to Canada. IHe was married there to Miss Jane Busby, also a native of Ireland, and for some years following his marriage he devoted his time and energies to agricultural pursuits in Canada. In 1852 he removed with his family to Macomb county, settling in Ray township, where he purchased wild land, which he cleared and improved, developing a farm which was equipped with modern conven iences and accessories. Later, however, he sold this farm and returned to Canada, where he again resided for a few years. He then came once more to Michigan, settling in Sanilac county, where he opened up another farm, upon which his remaining days were passed, his death occurring June 9, 1900, when he had reached the ripe old age of eighty-six years. His wife survives him and is now eighty years of age. Thomas Scott was one of a family of twelve children, eleven of whom reached adult age, while ten are now living and have become heads of families. He was reared and educated in his home locality, remaining upon the home farm until he had attained his majority. He afterwards worked by the month for several years, thus gaining a start in business life. Following his marriage he located on a farm of forty acres, which at that time was wild land, no improvements having been made thereon. He had to clear away the trees before he could plow the land and plant crops, but for four years he lived there, giving his attention in unremitting manner to the development of the property. IHe then sold the farm and removed to the township of Macomb, where he purchased eighty acres of which a small tract had been cleared and upon this a log cabin had been built. For twenty-seven years he lived there and a wonderful transformation was wrought in the appearance of the place. He erected a neat, substantial residence and good barns, planted fruit trees, built fences and tiled the place, and altogether developed a valuable farm, which was pleasantly and conveniently located within nine miles of Mount Clemens. There he carried on general agricultural pursuits until 1898, when he sold that property and purchased a neat home in Davis, where he has since lived retired in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. Mr. Scott was married in Perth county, Canada, February 19, 1868, to Miss Jane Patterson, a native of that county and a daughter of Walter Patterson, a native of Scotland. They occupy their pleasant home in Davis and enjoy the warm friendship of many with whom they have become acquainted during their long residence here. Politically Mr. Scott is a republican, casting his first presidential vote for Rutherford B. Hayes. He was elected and served as highway commissioner for three years and has always taken an active part in local politics. Hle is interested in the local work of his MR. AND MRS THOMAS SCOTT I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 355 party and is in hearty sympathy with the great political principles which tend to advance the welfare of the nation. He has already improved and operated three farms in this county and thus his work has been of benefit in reclaiming the wild land for the purposes of civilization and transforming MIacomb county from a district of swamp and forest into a splendidly improved locality, having all of the advantages of the older east. In his business affairs he has ever been found straightforward, being a man of his word and one who enjoys the trust and good will of those with whom he has been associated. LEVI B. DAVIS. Levi B. Davis, the oldest traveling salesman in point of continuous service in Michigan, is a native of Macomb county and a resident of Mount Clemens. Although he has passed the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten he is still active in the affairs of life, and in spirit and interests seems yet in his prime. Such a career should put to shame many a man of much younger years, who, having grown weary of the cares and responsibilities which he should bear, would relegate his duties to others. Mr. Davis was born March 12, 1830, his parents being Calvin and Sylvia (Beardsley) Davis, the former a native of Worcester county, Massachusetts, and the latter of Genesee county, New York. Hon. Calvin Davis became a distinguished citizen of Michigan, whose career reflected credit and honor upon the state which honored him. He was born in Hubbardstown, Massachusetts, April 27, 1793, and at the age of eleven years he went to the wilds of western New York, with his widowed mother, settling at Covington. There he resided until 1815, when he married Miss Sylvia Beardsley, this being the first wedding of a white couple in that town. In 1824 they removed to Macomb county, Michigan, settling in Shelby township, as pioneer residents of this portion of the state, where few improvements had been made and the greater part of the land was in possession of the government. Mr. Davis purchased a farm and began its development and improvement. His worth of character and ability soon attracted attention and in 1826 he was appointed by Governor Lewis Cass, associate justice of the county court, which position he held until the court was abolished a few years later. In 1832 he removed to Macomb township, where he purchased a large and heavily timbered farm. There were few settlers in this part of the county, he having hardly any neighbors nearer than Mlount Clemens, ten miles away. In 1838 Judge Davis was elected sheriff of Macomb county, being selected first for that position under the state constitution. In 1841 he was elected to the state legislature and was actively engaged in many early important measures having bearing upon the history of the commonwealth. He also held the office of postmaster for twenty-three years and for twenty-four years was justice of the peace, filling the latter position for six years under appointment of Governor Steven T. Mason and George B. Porter. Few men of eastern Michigan ever became more closely identified with interests of the state than he, and none were more favorably known. He possessed superior judgment and strong intellectuality and was a most zealous worker in behalf of the cause of education. His religious faith was that of the Methodist church and his life was in consistent harmony with its principles. He became a Mason in 1824, and in 1856 he left the ranks of the democratic party and became a strong advocate of republican principles. Ite died February 11, 1870. Faultless in honor, fearless in conduct, stainless in reputation-such was his life record. Htis scholarly attainments, his statesmanship, his reliable judglnent and his charming powers of conversation would have enabled him to ably fill and grace any position, however exalted, and he was no less honored in public life than loved in private life. In the family of Judge Davis were ten children but only two are now living, Levi B. and Victoria, who was the youngest of the family and who is now the widow of Dr. F. M. Reasoner, who died in California. Those deceased are: George W., who was born in 1816 and died in 1843; Sarah Lavancha, who was born in 1818 and died in 1901; Smith, who died in 1856, at the age of thirty-six years; Eunice, who died in 1854; Jonathan E., who was born in 1828 and engaged in the practice of medicine until his death in 1873; Mary Ann, who was born in 1828; Calvin, who was born in 1852 and died in 1895; and Sylvia Marie, who was born in 1835 and died in 1902. Levi B. Davis, who was the second member of the family, spent his early life on the home farm, where he remained until twenty years 356?AST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of age. Hie only attended school for about three months each year, and the schoolhouse in which he pursued his studies was built of logs. He afterward enjoyed a year's instruction in Disco Academy when about twenty years of age. Ile early developed his musical talents, however, and he entered upon his business career as a traveling salesman, representing a house which dealt in musical nmerchandise, pianos, organs and music-boxes. He also engaged in teaching music and for twelve years he continuously held musical conventions. In the year 1868-9 he was professor of music in Monmouth Collegt, at Monmouth, Illinois. Later he again went upon the road as commercial traveler and has continued in this work for fifty-two years. lIe is yet upon the road, representing the Reliable Paint & Oil Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, his territory being eastern Michigan. He is still active and is the oldest traveling salesman in point of service in Michigan. lie is also the oldest native resident of Macomb county belonging to the Methodist church. Iie has been identified with this church since 1847, joining the congregation which had its house of worship on a part of his father's farm. He organized the choir, in which he sang, and his own musical talent is indicated by the fact that he was the only singer from the state of Michigan chosen to take part in the musical service at the funeral of President Lincoln. Mr. Davis became a member of the Odd Fellows Society in 1865, joining Rochester lodge, at Rochester, Michigan, and he is now a member of Lodge No. 10, in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, where he made his home for ten years. He then returned to Macolnb county and for six years lived at Utica, while since 1890 he has been a resident of Mount Clemens. On the 2nd of March, 1869, Mr. Davis was married to Miss Laura Root, a daughter of Hiram and Laura (Meeker) Root. Tier father was a native of Vermont and her mother of New York, and they spent their married life largely at Akron, Ohio. IHer father was a stonemason and ran a line of canal boats from Akron to Cleveland, Ohio, while later he gave his attention to farming. I-e died in Kent, Ohio, forty-six years ago, when fifty-seven years of age, and his wife passed away at Delhi, Iowa, in 1885, at the age of eighty-two years. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have two children, Grace E. and Calvin, the latter a resident of Mount Clemens. The daughter is the wife of George McGinnis, of Beaver, Pennsylvania, who is assistant auditor for the American Sheet Steel & Tin Plate Company. Mr. Davis has a very wide acquaintance not only in Macomb county, where he has spent the greater part of his life, but also at many points along the road over which he has traveled in his business career. He makes friends wherever he goes and those who know him appreciate his visits because of his genial manner, unfailing courtesy, his cheerful disposition and his genuine worth. His life has ever been honorable and upright and he has made his name a respected one in the various localities to which business or social relations have taken him. LEONARD H. WILSON, D. D. S. Leonard H. Wilson, who in the practice of dentistry has shown his familiarity With modern improved methods and his capability in the performance of the mechanical work connected with the profession, has justly won the reputation which he is now enjoying. He was born in Halton county, Ontario, December 11, 1867, and is a son of Thomas and Jane (Taylor) Wilson. The father was born in Durham county, England, in 1841, and was taken to Canada in 1846. He is a farmer by occupation and now owns land which he purchased from a Mr. Ramlshaw, who took up this land from the government. I-He married Miss Taylor, who was born in Halton county, Ontario, in 1842. They became the parents of nine children, of whom seven are yet living. Leonard H. Wilson, the eldest, was educated in the district schools and afterward attended a collegiate institute in the city of Guellph. There he continued his studies until he was graduated with the class of 1891 and later he became a student in the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, at Cincinnati, and in the dental department of the Cincinnati University, where he prepared for his chosen profession, being graduated with the class of 1896, and on the 27th of June of that same year he opened an office and entered upon practice in Armada where he has since remained, enjoying a constantly growing business. lie has a well equipped office and has kept in touch with the most modern methods of dentistry. His work has given excellent satisfaction to his patrons and his ability ranks him with the leading dentists of this part of the state. In 1896 Dr. Wilson was married to Miss Victoria A. Langrill, a daughter of William LEONARD H. WILSON, D. D. S. I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 359 and Eliza (Husband) Langrill, the former a native of Gananoque, Canada, and the latter of Niagara Falls, Canada. Her father was a farmer by occuption and both he and his wife have now passed away, the latter having died in March, 1905. Mrs. Wilson was educated in district No. 9 in Halton county, Ontario. She has become the mother of three children, but Clinton Eugene, born MIarch 14, 1897, died March 25, 1899. The others are: Clifford Elwyn, born July 29, 1900; and Elva, born July 20, 1904. Dr. Wilson is a Mason and Odd Fellow, having become identified with the former organization in HIarmony lodge, No. 43, in Armada, while his membership with the latter is in Armada lodge, No. 442, I. 0. O. F. He is now serving as left support to the noble grand, has been treasurer and conductor and has held other offices. Both he and his wife belong to the Methodist church and in Armada they are widely and favorably known, their circle of friends being constantly extended as the circle of their acquaintance grows. GEORGE PALLISTER. George Pallister, living in the village of Meacle and owning anct controlling a farm of one hundred and forty acres in Ray township, is numbered amonog the early settlers of this section of Mlichigan. lie has resided in the state since 1850 and in Macombn county since 1860. Ile was born in Yorkshire, England, January 2, 1830, his father being Williami Pallister, also a native of Yorkshire, in which country he was reared and there married Mliss Mlary Conferth, a. native of England. (:eorge Pallister remlained a resident of England until twenty years of age and pursued his education in the public schools of that country. The year 1850 witnessed his arrival in America. Ile took passage on a sailing vessel and imade his way up the St. Lawrence river and on through the lakes to Detroit, joining two brothers who were living there. lie settled near that city. Not long afterward he began work on a farm in Wayne county, Michigan, where lhe remained for seven years and for three years he was engaged in fishing on Lake Huron. Ile worked persistently and earnestly to gain a good start in life and thereby laid the foundation for his present prosperity. While living in Wayne county Mr. Pallister was married, February 14, 1857, to Miss Ann Harland, a native of Wayne county and a daughter of William lHarland, who was born in England and became one of the early settlers of Wayne county, Michigan. Mrs. Pallister died December 21, 1858, leaving a daughter, Mary Elizabeth, who was born January 5, 1858. Mlr. Pallister was again married in Wayne county, October 27, 1859, his second union being with Mary Louisa Pretty, was was born and reared in that county and is of French and Polish descent. On the 1st of March, 1859, Mr. Pallister removed with his family to Macomb county and purchased a farm on section 35 in the town of Ray. This property he still owns and operrates, it having now been in his possession for about lorty-five years. It was wild and unimproved at the time of the purchase, but he cleared it and placed it under a high state of cultivation. IIe has also erected good buildings and it is now a well-equipped farm property. Ile continued to reside thereon until March, 1893, when ihe removed frolm the farm to Rielhnond, where he lived until the 1st of April, 19(1, when he moved to Meade, where he built a. good residence and is now occupying a comfortable and attractive home there. While living on the farm Mr. Pallister lost his secondl wife, who died November 1, 1891. Unto them we(re born four children: George I)ewitt, born Alugust 8, 1860, was married Novelmber 10, 1882, to Nellie E. Parker and follows farming in Ray township; Miinerva, born December 27, 1861, was married December 27, 1881, to Sidney W. Mathews, of Macomb township; Vinellie, born December 2, 1864, was married December 18, 1889, to Cyler C. Warner; James Henry, born January 9, 1871, was married March 1, 1893, to Julia H-. Warner and is a locomotive engineer, residing at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Mr. Pallister's oldest daughter, Mary Elizabeth, was married December 7, 1875, to W. C. Richards, a farmer of Ray township. Ile also has an adopted daughter, Jennie, who was born October 9, 1877, and became an inmate of his home when a small child. Mr. Pallister was again married, January 12, 1893, his third union being with Mrs. Jane Castor, widow of William Castor, of Richmond. Politically Mr. Pallister does not hold himself bound by party ties. He is a believer in temperance principles and the prohibition of the liquor traffic. He is also an advocate of free trade. He and his wife are members of the Free MIethodist church and their religious views permeate. their lives. Mr. Pallister has been a successful farmer and business man and is of genuine, sterling character and 360 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY worth, having the trust and good will of his friends and neighbors throughout the community in which he has resided for more than four decades. CHARLES SCIHANCK. Charles Schanck, a thrifty and well-todo farmer residing on section 19, Bruce township, was born in that township on the 7th of August, 1843, and is a worthy representative of an old and highly esteemed family of this county, his parents being David and Ellen (Sutphen) Schanck, both natives of the Empire state. The father was born December 9, 1798, reared and educated in Monroe county, New York, and from there camie to Michigan in 1840. After two or three temporary locations, he finally settled in Macomnb county about 1842 or 1843, and in Bruce township he cleared and improved a farm, on which he spent the remainder of his life. He passed away January 21, 1866. On the 19th of May, 1824, he married Ellen Sutphen, who was born October 6, 1807, and died November 17, 1876. In their family were four sons and six daughters, all of whom reached manhood and womanhood, namely: John, who married and died at the age of sixty-seven years; Henry, now a farmer of Lapeer county, Michigan; George, who married and died at the age of sixty-five years; Charles, of this review; Mrs. Jane Hosner; Elizabeth, who married and is now deceased; Mirs. Martha Groves, now a widow; Maria, who married and is now deceased; Mrs. Sarah Castle, a widow residing with our subject; Lydia, wife of Richard Smith. This has been a long lived family, the youngest to die being fifty-five years of age at the time. Charles Schanck passed the days of his boyhood and youth upon the old home farm and early became familiar with the arduous tasks of clearing the wild land and transforming it into a well cultivated farm. I-e had good common-school advantages and continued to assist his father in the operation of the farm until the latter's death, when he purchased the interests of the other heirs in the home place. lie has since added to the property and now has one hundred and ninety-five acres of very valuable farming land which he has placed under a high state of cultivation. The improvements are neat and substantial and everything about the place indicates the thrift and enterprise of the owner. In connection with general farming he is also engaged in the raising and feeding of stock. On the 1st of October, 1872, in Rochester, Oakland county, Michigan, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Schanck and Miss Celia Ketchum, who was born in Connecticut but was brought to this state in early childhood and reared in Oakland county. She is a daughter of Joseph and Julia (Lloyd) Ketchum. Her father was born May 8, 1825, and is still living at Laingsburg, Michigan, but her mother, who was born in 1828, died in 1865. Mrs. Schanck has one brother, Charles F., who is married and lives in Fort Worth, Texas.. Mr. and Mrs. Schanck have two sons, David and Vernie, both at home, but lost their only daughter in infancy. On national issues Mr. Schanck supports the democratic party, but at local elections he votes for the men whom he considers best qualified for office regardless of party lines. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and he is connected with the Royal Arcanum. Hle has led a busy, useful and upright life, which has gained for him the confidence and respect of those with whomli h has been brought in contact either in business or social relations, and it is safe to say that no man in the community is held in higher regard than Charles Schanek. SYLVESTER W. IHAINES. With the farming and stock-raising interests of Washington township Sylvester W. Haines is now actively identified, owning and operating a well-improved farm on section 15. A native of Macomb county, he was born in Shelby township, on the 21st of February, 1847, and is a son of Alson Haines, who was born in New York, and came to Michigan in 1832, being joined by his father and the other members of the family the following year. The grandfather, Benjamin -Taineos, purchased the farm on which our subject now resides and cleared and improved the place, converting the wild tract into a good farm. Alson Haines located in Shelby township and there opened up a farm, which continued to be his home until life's labors were ended in death. He was twice married, his second wife being Laura I. -lodge, also a native of New York state and the mother of our subject. She died some years prior to her husband's death. To them were born four sons and one daughter and four of the number lived to become heads of families. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 36I During his boyhood Sylvester W. Haines attended the district schools near his home and as soon as old enough he began to aid in the development of the farm, thus acquiring a good, practical knowledge of agricultural pursuits. On leaving the parental roof he worked by the month for about six years, and in 1870 went to Iarvey county, Kansas, where he took up a homestead and broke forty acres of land, raising one crop of wheat thereon. lie then sold the place and returned to Macomb county. Here he was married in 1883 to Miss Mary Haines, a daughter of Eli iHaines, formerly of Monroe county, New York. To them has been born a daughter, Ethel, who is at home with her parents. For some time after his marriage Mr. Haines worked at anything which he could find to do and then removed to his grandfather's old homestead in Washington township, where he has since resided. Hle purchased eighty acres of this property and his wife inherited a part of the place, so that they now have one hundred and eighty-two acres, which he has placed under a high state of cultivation. lIe has erected a good residence and substantial barn, has set out an orchard and made inany other useful improvements which add greatly to the value and attractive appearance of the farm. In connection with general farming he carries on stock-raising and in both branches of his business has met with well-mnerited success. Since casting his first ballot for General IT. S. Grant he has been an ardent supporter of the republican party and its principles, but he never sought office. He is a progressive, energetic man of sterling worth and he commands the respect and confidence of all with whom he is brought in contact. L. E. BEDELL. L. E. Bedell, who figures prominently in financial circles in Macomb county as cashier of the Romeo Savings Bank, which position he has filled for ten years, dates his residence in this part of-the state from 1873. He was born in the town of Clyde, Wayne county, New York, March 5, 1866. His father, Levant Bedell, now a prominent business man of Romeo, was born in Albion, Orleans county, New York, in 1837, and was a son of Norman Bedell, also a native of the Empire state, while the great-grandfather of our subject was John Bedell, who was descended from English ancestry and served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812. The family was established in America in early days and the strong characteristics of the representatives of the name have been industry, perseverance and reliability. Levant Bedell was reared in the county of his nativity and there learned the trade of a jeweler and silversmith. As a companion and helpmate for life's journey he chose Miss Henrietta E. Child, also a native of New York. For several years Mr. Bedell was successfully and actively engaged in business in the Empire state, but desiring to establish his home in the west he came to Michigan in 1873, settling in Romeo, where he opened a jewelry store which he has since conducted with a constantly growing patronage. Throughout the third of a century that has elapsed since his arrival he has not only been recognized as a wide-awake and progressive business man, but also one whose interest in public affairs has been manifest in tangible effort for the general good. L. E. Bedell was a lad of seven summers when he came with his parents to Michigan and was reared in Romeo, pursuing his education in the public schools until he had completed the high school course, after which he lecame a student in the Detroit Commercial College and was thus well qualified by thorough training for the field of commercial or financial activity. In 1885 he entered the Romeo Bank as a clerk and bookkeeper and served in that capacity for six years, when in 1892 he resigned and accepted the position of bookkeeper in the Tifft Iron Works at Buffalo, New York. He severed his connection with that firm, however, in 1893 to become bookkeeper in the City Bank of Buffalo, and there remained until 1895, when he resigned in order to return to the Romeo Savings Bank, which called him to the office of cashier. He is a stockholder and director in this institution and for ten years has served as its cashier, being a competent and popular official. IIe is an excellent financier, thoroughly understanding the business in every department, and by his courteous treatment of the public, combined with his fidelity in business, he has secured many patrons and practically made the bank what it is to-day-one of the most successful savings institutions in Macomb county. Mr. Bedell was united in marriage in Romeo, in November, 1903, to Miss F. C. Dwinelle, a native of Michigan, who was born, reared and educated in Romeo, and is a daughter of Mrs. Florence Dwinelle, a widow now residing in Romeo. In his political views 362 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Mr. Bedell is independent, supporting the candidates whom he regards as best qualified for office without considering their party affiliation. I-e and his wife attend the Congregational church and he is serving as one of its board of trustees. Mr. Bedell now ranks with the leading and representative business men of Romeo and owes his advancement and success entirely to his own efforts, for he started out in a humble capacity without any special pecuniary or family advantages to aid him. Iis success has come through the recognition of his ability and trustworthiness. He has a high standing among the business men of Romeo and is popular socially. CHARLES F. VOLKENING. This well known farmler, residing on section 9, Chesterfield township, was born in New York city in 1847 and is a son of George L. and Christine (Blydon) Volkening, both natives of Germnany. The birth of the father occurred in Mendon, Germany, in 1820, and in that country he grew to manhood. Emigrating to America in 1847, he made his home for three years in New York city and then came to Maeomb county, Michigan, buying the Tapkin farm on sections 34 and 35, Macomb township, where he lived until 1871, experiencing all the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. In that year he sold his farm and retired to Mount Clemens, where he resided until his death in 1894, his wife dying the same year, leaving three children to mourn their loss. The oldest of these is Charles F., of this review. Mary is the wife of William Price and lives in Canada. William F. married Helen McLoney and makes his home in Detroit. Charles F. Volkening passed his boyhood and youth upon his father's farm and pursued his studies in the Atwood district school. He aided his father in the labors of the farm until 1870 and the following year operated it on shares. He then purchased his present home, known as the Samuel Canfield farm, where he has now lived continuously for thirty-three years, devoting his entire time and attention to the improvement and cultivation of the place. In 1880 he built his present comfortable residence and in 1895 built one of his barns, the other being one of the old landmarks of the county, supposed to be one of the oldest on the Gratiot road. Mr. Volkening has always engaged in general farming and has prospered in his work, becoming quite well-to-do. Mr. Volkening has been twice married, his first wife being Miss Elizabeth Zander, a daughter of John Zander, of Macoimb township. By that union there were two children: Henry, who married Louise Kulin, a daughter of Christian Kuhn, of Woodmere, Wayne county, Mlichigan, where they now reside; and August, a resident of Durland. The mlother of these children died on the 1st of April, 1876, and the following year Mr. Volkening married Miss Alizza Stier, a daughter of Henry Stier, of Chesterfield township. IHer parents were also natives of Germany and caile to this county in 1856. For a number of ye-ars they lived in New Baltimore, where they owned a home, and oi selling that place bolliht a f arm in Chesterfield township, where Mlrs. Stier is still living. The father died in 1896. Their famiily consisted of four children: Louise, 'now Murs. William Johnston; Alizza, wife of our subject; Ella, wife of Edward Schraede: and ltenry J., at home with his mother. By this second marriage Mr. Volkening has five children: Emeline, now IMrs. Charles Ilourtienne, of Chesterfield township; Julia, the wife of Joshua Clarke Parker, of the same township; and George L., Carl and William, all at homle. Mr. Volkening is an active and consistent imember of the Gerlmall Lutheran church of New Haven, of which he was a trustee for six consecutive years. lie is also a menlber of the Chesterfield and Lenox Townships Fareners' Clubs. Those who know him best are numbered among his warmest friends and no citizen in Chesterfield township is more honlored or highly respected. BENJAMIN RITSSELL McARTIHUR. Benjamin Russell McArthur, who for many years was connected with the Park Hotel as general manager, was born in the city of San Francisco, California, June 20, 1860. His parents were Major Joseph and Julia (Woodworth) McArthur, the former a native of Dodgeville, Wisconsin, and the latter of San Francisco, California. Major McArthur was a graduate of West Point and was stationed in San Francisco at the time of his marriage with Julia Woodworth. He was in the far west for many years, but early in the '70s moved to Chicago, Illinois, which was his home until his death, which occurred in 1902. K1 t 'I /~~~~~~~~~~~ PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 365 The subject of this sketch grew to manhood in his native state, and after receiving his primary education he entered Santa Clara college, in Santa Clara county, California, from which it is believed he was graduated. Later he went to Germany, and spent three years in the celebrated university at HIeidelberg and was there graduated. Returning to his native country Mr. MeArthur imade his home with his parents in Chicago, but spent some time in traveling. While at Niagara Falls, he met at his father's hotel in that city, Miss Julia C. Kieffer, daughter of John and Ilarogretha Kieffer, and on the 10th of September, 1884, they were united in marriage. By this union four children were born, two of whom are living, Ethel Woodworth and Mildred Upton, who make their home with their mother in Mount Clemens. After spending about two years principally in traveling, Mr. and Mrs. McArthur came to M\ount Clemens, which was ever after his home and is still the home of Mrs. MeArthur. On his arrival here Mr. McArthur went into business with Mrs. Kieffer, purchasing a half interest and taking charge of the old Central Park Hotel. They at once dropped the name Central and assumed the name of Park Hotel. The hotel at that time was an unpretentious two story frame structure with its name being printed in large letters clear across the front "Central Park lHotel.'" The building as it then stood bears no resemblance to the massive structure known as the Park IIotel, with a frontage of three hundred and fifteen feet, and which has a national reputation as being a nmodel hotel, comparing favorably with the leading hotels of the country. iMr. MeArthur was never a robust man and spent much time in traveling. Every year with his wife he made a trip east and together they visited many points of interest. While at Mackinac Island, where he was ordered by his physician, his death occurred June 20, 1899, the anniversary of his birth. His remains were brought back to Mount Clemens and interred in the cemetery at that place, the funeral being attended by a large circle of friends and acquaintances, many of whom mourned his loss as that of a miost intimate friend. Politically Mr. MeArthur was a democrat, but he had no political aspirations and save as a commissioner of water works he held no public office. He was frequently solicited to lend the use of his name for the office of mayor of Mount Clemens, but the honor he steadfastly refused. Doubtless he would have been elected by a large majority as his public spirit was acknowledged by all. It was as a home man that Mr. MeArthur was at his best. While he made friends easily and as landlord of the Park Hotel there were many who esteemed him highly, he yet preferred the privacy of the home circle, although he took great pride in the management of the Park Hotel, and the great patronage built up spoke volumes in his praise. IIe was a good, true man, one for whose living the world is made better. MArs. AMcArthur makes her home in Mount Clemnens and is associated with her mother in the management of the hotel. She is well known and held in the highest esteem. Like her husband, she enjoys traveling and annually spends some time at various eastern summer resorts. With her mother she owns a hotel at Aiken, South Carolina, a three hundred room house used as a winter resort. The grounds comprise one hundred and forty-five acres. PIHILIP E. CUDWORTII. 'Philip E. C(ludw(orth, engaged in merchandii';ir in Armlada as a dealer in hardware, was bhorn in Armiada township, February 14, l8'2, iand is a representative of one of the honored pioneer famlies of this part of the state. Ilis father, Xenophon 0. Cudworth, wlio is still interested in farming in this county, was born in Richmond township, April 10, 1837, alld is a son of Philip C. and Tamson (Tubbs) Cudworth. Philip C. Cudworth was born in Richmond, Ontario county, New York, in 1811, and came to Michigan in 1835, locating on land which he entered from the government. THe cleared a small patch, built a cabin and then returned to the ea-t, but -oon came again and was the first sefttler of Riellnond township. He was also the first postmaster of Richmond and postage at that time was twenty-five cents. He made quarterly trips to Detroit to settle up his accounts and on more than one occasion had to sell something he possessed in order to pay postage which was due him from the patrons of the Richmond office. His wife's greatgrandfather was a Revolutionary soldier. Unto Philip Cudworth and his wife were born six children: Xenophon; Philip, who died at West Point, Kentucky, during the Civil war; Harriet, who died in Lenox, Michigan; Jerusha A., wife of Charles Chapman, pro 366 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY prietor of a hotel at Grand River, Iowa; Mary, wife of Peter Scott, of Port Huron, Michigan, who, however, was in Alaska for four years and is now superintendent of a mine in Mexico; and David S., a farmer of Lenox township, Macomb county. Xenophon O. Cudworth well remembers when the wolves could be heard howling around the cabins at night and he saw hundreds of Indians at a time, for they then lived all over the state. He was the first white child born in Richmond township and his environment in youth was that of a pioneer locality. He was educated in a log schoolhouse where there were only four or five pupils. The building stood on the present site of the Lenox station and the seats were split logs while the desk was made of a board laid on pins around the room. The school was kept up by the rate bill and the teachers "boarded round." In the pioneer home custard was served "when company came,' and the children therefore delighted in having company. Xenophon Cudworth assisted in the operation of the home farm in his youth. He was married December 25, 1858, to Martha, daughter of Abner Andrew and Eliza (Hulbert) Iicks. She was born June 23, 1839. Her father is yet living at the age of ninetyone and her mother at the age of eighty-seven years. Mr. and Mrs. Cudworth have lived together for forty-six years and have three sons: Philip Elton is the eldest. Albert Burton, born October 26, 1866, and living on the old homestead on section 36, Armada township, married Fannie Wieman and has a daughter. Frank S., born February 21, 1868, married Nettie Frances and lives on the Carter farm in Armada township. Xenophon Cudworth is to-day the owner of one hundred and fifty acres of good land and formerly had other tracts, which he has since sold. Hle has been quite successful in life and now has a competence, honorably earned. In politics he is a republican and has served as highway comumissioner and deputy sheriff. Iis wife is a member of the Methodist church. Philip E. Cudworth, educated in the district schools and in Armada, followed farming until 1890 and then turned his attention to the hardware business. He purchased the business property, but afterward sustained a loss by fire. He has since, however, built a brick business block in which he conducts his store. He first handled boots and shoes, hats, caps, crockery and hardware, but he closed out those lines and established his hardware store, with a stock valued at between two and three thousand dollars, which has since been increased to about five thousand dollars, and his energies are now concentrated upon the management of the store wherein he has secured a liberal patronage. On the 11th of February, 1885, Mr. Cudworth was married to Miss Belle Hathaway, a daughter of O. Sheldon and Cordelia (Dunham) Hathaway. They have two children: Grace, who was born December 15, 1886, and is a graduate of the Armada high school; and Floyd, born in 1898 and now attending school. Mr. Cudworth is a member of Harmony lodge, No. 143, A. F. & A. M., and a charter member of the Odd Fellows lodge, No. 492, of which he was treasurer for a number of years. He and his wife are connected with the Daughters of Rebekah and she belongs to the Methodist church. In politics he is a stanch republican, influential in local circles of the party, and for fifteen years he served as a member of the village council, as village president five years and township treasurer for two terms. Hiis devotion to the general good has been manifest in tangible effort for the welfare and progress of the village and county, and his labors have proved far-reaching and beneficial. SPENCER BOOTITE RUSSELL. Spencer B. Russell was born in Jerusalem, Yates county, New York, on the 24th of November, 1846. His father, John Russell, was a native of Ireland and was about eighteen years of age when he came to America, settling in New York state, where he died in 1851. He married Mrs. Ruth Ann (Andrus) Burton, her ancestors being among the Puritans that came to America on the Mayflower. After his marriage John Russell made his home in Jerusalem, New York, for some years, but when our subject was quite small he took his family to Ontario county, that state, where he soon afterward died, leaving his widow with six children to support. In the fall of 1853 she decided to come to the west and took up her abode in New Baltimore, iMacomb county, Michigan, but she passed away in the spring of 1855. Spencer B. Russell was only eight years of age at the time of his mother's death. However, he soon found a good home with Abbott Van Btorn, who had recently settled in the woods in the northeastern part of Chesterfield township and who agreed to give Mr. Rus PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 367 sell a home and what advantages the district school afforded until he was eighteen years of age. In return for this our subject promised to stay the required term of years and to assist in the labors of the farm during the suminer and out of school hours during the remainder of the year. There was no contract signed, but their agreement was never violated on either side. For a few years after leaving Mr. Van IIorn Mr. Russell devoted his time principally to acquiring a better education, receiving private instructions at Mount Clemens. In the spring of 1866 he began the study of law under the direction of Iubbard & Croeker and remained with that firm until his admission to the bar of Macomb county in August, 1868, although in the meantime he had taught in the district schools during the winter months in order to earn the money to defray his expenses. His examination for the bar was pronounced to be one of the best in the history of the circuit. Like so many others, Mr. Russell became imbued with the desire to go west and accordingly, on the 9th of May, 1869, took up his abode in Omaha, Nebraska, but he did not remain long in that city, however, and the following January began the practice of law at Fort Scott, Kansas. In the fall of 1870 he came to western Michigan. Two years later he returned to Mount Clemens, where he has since made his home. In the spring of 1873 he was elected county superintendent of schools and entered upon the duties of that position on the 1st of May, also assuming the editorial management of The Press. After two years of this dual occupation the superintendency law was repealed and he then devoted his entire attention to newspaper work, his brother becoming associated with him in the business in 1878. The Mount Clemens Press was established under the name of the Macomb Conservative Press in 1864 by William Longstaff and James B. Eldredge, who continued its publication until 1868, when they were succeeded by John Trevidick. IIe conducted the paper until 1872, when it was temporarily suspended, the office being closed from December, 1872, until May 1, 1873, at which time Mr. Russell resumed its publication under its present title, which was adopted by his predecessor. He sold out in 1890 to J. A. Keith. lie has been interested in a number of business enterprises which have proved of great benefit to the city; was secretary of the Mount Clemens Bath Company, and one of the originators of the Medea Hotel and Bath House, the former being publicly opened by him June 6, 1904. Mr. Russell has always taken an active and prominent part in local politics and besides holding several minor offices in the village and city was elected mayor of the city in the spring of 1881 over a formidable opponent. The story of his subsequent removal by the governor on purely technical grounds, his renomination and re-election as given elsewhere in this volume, is a fair and impartial recital of the facts. The legal technicality upon which the governor based the removal was the alleged interest of Mayor Russell in a contract for printing between the city and the firm of S. B. & H. E. Russell, which, as shown in the testimony, amounted to less than fortyfive dollars per year, and was entered into for the sole benefit of H. E. Russell. The case attracted the attention of the press throughout the state and never was the official act of any executive more severely criticised and impartially condemned. Public sympathy was all in favor of Mr. Russell and his re-accession to the mayoralty was a subject of congratulation for months afterward. Instead of the stain which a few political enemies had confidently hoped to bring upon his public record, it proved one of the happiest triumphs of his whole life. Among the many handsome tributes paid to Mr. Russell by the press at this time we quote the following written by George F. Lewis, then managing editor of the Bay City Morning Call: "Mr. Russell is a man of no small individuality, a clever man of some means, decidedly good financial ability, undemnonstrative even to reticence, but square and conscientious, if we know what is what in this direction. He is far from that morbid sensibility which magnifies every trifling trouble into a threatened disaster, and satisfied in his conscience that he meant to be fair and honorable, he paid very little attention to the proceedings which were taken for his removal. ' For several years Mr. Russell has served as director of the Mount Clemens school board, which position he still holds. But the part which he has taken in the development of educational interests is specially noteworthy in his long and faithful service as commissioner of schools for Macomb county, and which has impressed his name indelibly upon its records. His genial, pleasant manner has made him quite popular in both business and social circles, and as a public-spirited, enterprising man he ever stands ready to discharge any duty devolving upon him. 368 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Mr. Russell was married January 23, 1883, to Miss Marie II. Van Eps, a daughter of George B. and Matilda (Fitch) Van Eps, of Mount Clemens. ROBERT McKAY. Robert MIcKay, deceased, was born in the village of Johnston, Renfrewshire, Scotland, March 4, 1813, and was a son of John and Jane (Allen) McKay. John McKay, the father, was born June 9, 1793, and was the son of John and Mary McKay. Jane Allen, the mother, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, Mlarch 4, 1790, and was the daughter of Joseph and Mary Allen. The parents of Robert MIcKay removed from their native land to Ballentoy, County Antrinm, Ireland, in 1819, and there remained until 1836, when with their family they caine to America and settled near Oakwood, Oakland county, Michigan, where he purchased a large tract of wild land, and on a part of this land they lived until the time of their deaths, which occurred as follows: John McKay, July 9, 1861, and his wife, Jane (Allen) McKay, March 4, 1859. They were the parents of six sons and three daughters, all of whomn are now deceased. Robert McKay left the parental home at the age of seventeen to make his own way in the world and came to America for the purpose of participating in the opportunities that the new world offered to the young and ambitious. After a sea voyage of thirteen weeks he landed at the city of Baltimore, Maryland, in 1830, and secured employment with a mercantile house, where he remained until 1833, when he accepted a position offered him in a publishing house at Nashville, Tennessee, which he held until 1836, when he resigned to return to his parents for the purpose of assisting them in coming to America. On his arrival in America with his father's family he landed at the city of New York and proceeded at once to Oakwood, Oakland county. Michigan, by way of the Erie canal and Lake Erie, where he purchased wild land near his father's place and there he remained until 1841, when he sold this farm and removed to Bruce township, Macomb county, and purchased the farm upon which he spent the remainder of his life. HIe made a specialty of raising wheat and wool and was very successful, keeping between five and six hundred sheep. Through his energy and thrift he prospered and added to his original farm of one hundred and sixty acres, so that at the time of his death he was owner of one thousand acres of choice lands, with good dwellings and outbuildings in Macomb and adjoining counties. December 16, 1841, Robert McKay was united in lmarriage to Jean Gray, daughter of Neil and Mary (Wiley) Gray, residents of Brucle and natives of Ayrshire, Scotland. lMrs. M1cKay was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, Augutst 25, 1811, and died January 24, 1862. From. this marriage there were five children, as follows: John, born August 16, 1843; Mary, born February 1, 1845; Robert N., born October 15, 1847; Annie; and Jane, born January 20, 1852, all of whom are now living except Malry, who was the wife of Dr. Williaml Greenshields, of Romeo, and who died March 15, 1903; and Jane, who died February 21, 1878. On April 24, 1865, Robert McKay married Caroline M. Day, daughter of Uriel and Olive (Sperry) Day, of Armada, a sketch of whom appears in another portion of this work. Mrs. McKay was born December 16, 1839, in Armada, and is the descendant of Robert and Mary Day, who emigrated to America from England in 1834, and settled at Camlbridge, Massachusetts. The children by this marriage were: Henry J., born February 21, 1866; Rose, born March 16, 1867; James, born Jan-.ary 25, 1869; Allen, born May 24, 1871; Joseph, born March 14. 1877; and Grace Ruth, born June 30, 1880, all of whom are now living. Robert McKay, the subject of this sketch, died February 1, 1896, and about two years after his death Mrs. McKay removed from the farml to Roileo, where she now resides. lie was a fluent speaker, a man of strong and unwalvering convictions regarding religion, temperance, Irmorality and the freedom and uplifting of the colored man. It was early in his life, while living south of "Mason and Dixon's line." that he became impressed with the ilmportance of these matters and actively interested himself in them. It was while living in the south that he became imbued with the principles of Christianity and united with the Cumnberland Presbyterian church of Nashville, Tennessee. After he settled in Michigan he did not identify himself particularly with any denomination but was a zealous worker in Sunday-schools and at various times gave religious discourses. IHe was a forceful and untiring worker for the cause of temperance, and in early life would often ROBERT McKAY. I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 37I walk twenty miles to assist in a meeting or give a temperance lecture. While living in the south he saw his fellow beings in bondage, saw them sold as chattels at auction and families separated forever. These and other facts convinced him of the inhumlanity, the injustice and the degredation of slavery and moved him to do all within his power for its abolition and the improvement of the condition of the slave. Politically he was a republican through life anId cast his first vote for the abolition of slavery in 1842, when there was only one other vote cast in the township for the cause. IIe was connected with the organization known as the "Underground Railway,'' and sheltered and assisted many a poor slave to the shores of Canada, to enjoy that freedom Nwhich man has a common right to enjoy. It was in 1854, the year of the birth of tie republican party under the oaks at Jackson, Michigan, that he was elected justice of the peace in Bruce township, which office he held continuously until the time of his death. Hie was once the choice of his party for the office of state senator, but was defeated owing to the district being overwhelmingly democratic. i-He was one of the organizers of the Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Macomb county, Michigan, and at a meeting of the incorporators held August 22, 1875, he was elected president of the company and held the office continuously until February 10, 1894, when he resigned, owing to age and poor health, and the board of directors upon accepting his resignation, as a mark of respect and confidence, elected him a director. lie was one of the organizers of the Citizens National Bank, of Romeo, Michigan, and at the first meeting of the stockholders was elected a director, which office he held until his death. Mr. McKay was one of the county's most valuable citizens. Ile was public-spirited and did all in his power for the advancement and general welfare of its religious, moral and political interests. HENRY HALMICH. Henry Halmnich, one of the wide-awake, energetic and practical young farmers of Warren township, living on section 9, represents one of the old families of Macomb county. His paternal grandfather, Amendis Halmich, was born in Prussia and came to Macoimb county in 1851, accompanied by his wife, Johanna. He settled first on section 17, Warren town ship, purchasing the Dennison property, which he farmed and improved until his death in 1860. He left a widow and six children, namely: Flora, a resident of Missouri; Tracy, of Warren township; Caroline, the wife of Charles Bretner, of Sterling township; Johanna, the wife of John Miller, of Detroit; William; and Dora, who is living in Prussia. Of this family, William Halhich, the father of Henry Halmnich, is also a native of Prussia and in the schools of that country he began his education, which he continued in the district schools of Macomb county. He always remained at home, assisting his father in the development of the land. In 1864 his mother sold the first homestead and purchased the Stephens farm of sixty acres on section 9, Warren township, to which they removed and for which he received a deed upon the death of his mother in 1873. Removing to a farm of about thirty acres he at once made further improvements there, building barns, remodeling the house and clearing and improving more land. In 1883 he purchased an adjoining tract of forty acres, on which he built a new barn and added other modern accessories. Whatever tended to the practical improvement and development of the place received his earnest attention and he continued farming with success until 1901, when he deeded the place to his son Henry, with whom he is still living. There is a lesson to be learned from his life work, a lesson illustrating the value of frugality and diligence as important factors in winning prosperity. He has always been interested in the cause of education, has served as a member of the board of directors of the school and is treasurer of district No. 6. He is a member of the Warren branch of the German Arbeiter and belongs to St. Clemens church and St. Clemens Society at Center Line. He was married on the 12th of April, 1864, to Miss Mary Wolff, a daughter of Peter Joseph and Mary Magdalene Wolff, of St. Clair county. They became the parents of twelve children, of whom eight are living, as follows: Lena, of St. Joseph, Michigan; Johanna, the wife of Anthony Wolff, of Warren; Charles, who is living in Oakland county, Michigan; Henry, of this review; Annie, who is living with her brother Henry; Katie, the wife of Michael Cutchey; Mary of Detroit; and Ida, who is teaching in district No. 4 in Warren township. Mrs. William Halmich was a native of Michigan, but her parents were born on the River Rhine, in Germany. Coming to this state 372 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY in 1852, they settling in Detroit, and after two and a half years removed to St. Clair township, St. Clair county, where they remained until the father's death in 1887. Three years later the mother went to live with her daughter, Mrs. Halmich, and died at her home June 3, 1894, her remains being interred in St. Clemens cemetery. Charles Bretner, the husband of Caroline Halmich, sister of William Halmich, was in the Second Michigan Cavalry in the Civil war and enlisted in 1862, but after fifteen months was honorably discharged on account of ill-health. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for Henry Halmich in his boyhood and youth. Hle attended the district schools and in the summer months worked in the fields and with the exception of four winters spent in the lumber woods of the upper peninsula he has always remained at home, doing a large share of the hard work on the farm but receiving his reward in 1901, when his father gave him a deed to the old homestead. What he undertakes he carries forward to successful completion and in his farm work he follows progressive methods which are very unlike those which were in vogue at the time the family home was established in Macomb county. Everything about his place, under his careful supervision, is kept in an excellent condition, the fields being well tilled, the buildings in good repair, while the stock is of high grade. Mr. H-almich is a member of St. Clemens church and also of St. Clemens Society. He belongs to Warren branch of the German Arbeiter, to Warren Grange and also holds a policy in the New York Life Insurance Company. In the spring of 1904 he was elected school director of Warren township. He is now carrying forward the work instituted by his grandfather and continued by his father, and in its different generations the family has been found loyal to the general good, assisting materially where the welfare and progress of the community have been involved. BURTON NYE. Among business and professional men none are more closely identified with the growth and best interests of New Haven than Burton Nye, who has made his home here for a number of years and is now identified with its commercial interests as a dealer in hardware, while his connection with public affairs has been manifest in his capable administra tion of the duties of various offices that have been intrusted to him. He is one of Macomb county's native sons, his birth having occurred in Washington township, May, 25, 1857, his parents being Morgan and Harriet (Bates) Nye. His father was also born in Washington township and was a son of Alvin Nye, a native of New York, who came to Macomb county in 1825, settling in Washington township, where he entered land from the government. He was not long permitted to enjoy his new home, however, for his death occurred soon after. He was survived by his widow and two children: Milton Nye, now deceased, and Morgan Nye. The latter spent his early days upon the home farm and when a young man began teaching in Roseville, Erin township, while later he began government surveying, working in the upper peninsula and in Minnesota and Dakota. He located a great amount of land for the Soo Canal Company but after a number of years he gave up surveying and returned to the farm, where he remained until 1862, when he took up his abode in Lenox township and purchased the old Rich farm. Three years later he sold that property and became a resident of New Haven, where he engaged in general merchandising with Tolcot Bates, this connection being prosperously continued until 1885, when Mr. Nye retired from business life. He always took an active interest in the public welfare and his aid and co-operation could be counted upon to further any movement for the general good. He was elected vice president of the village and afterward president, and he also served as director of the school board. He died in March, 1903, leaving a widow and one son. Burton Nye, the only son of Morgan and Harriet (Bates) Nye, acquired a districtschool education, and in 1880 went with his father and uncle on a government surveying trip into Dakota, where he spent about two years. He then returned to New Haven, where he soon afterward opened up a general hardware store and to-day he is carrying a large and well selected line of goods. He has built up an extensive trade and is regarded as one of the reliable, enterprising and progressive business men of the town. In February, 1887, he married Adeline E. Robinson, a daughter of David Robinson, of Allegany county, New York. They are prominent socially, and in local political circles Mr. Nye is regarded as a leader, giving his support to the republican party. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 373 Upon his ticket he was elected president of the village, also village clerk, and has been assessor and director of the New Haven school board. The interests which have laid claim upon his time and attention have been varied, for anything which tends to the betterment of conditions for mankind, for the stimulus of material progress or the improvement of his village and county receives his endorsement and assistance. JOIN K. DENTON. John K. Denton, who is conducting a marble and granite business in Richmond, was born June 23, 1858, in Richmond township, Maconlb county, his parents being Darius and Alecia (Lynch) Denton, both natives of Pratt's Hollow, New York. The Dentons were of old Puritan stock and Darius Denton came to Michigan in 1837, settling in Richmond township, when only four families lived within its borders. He purchased a government allotment on section 12 and at once began to clear and cultivate the farm, which remained in possession of the family until two years ago. He carried on general agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career and was also the first to engage in hop-raising in this county, having been a successful hop-raiser in the east. He died at the age of seventy-four years, while his wife passed away at the age of seventythree years. They were the parents of eight sons: Albert, who enlisted in the Fifth Michigan Cavalry, died in Andersonville prison. Ira C., of the First Michigan Infantry, was shot at Fair Oaks. Robert, also a loyal defender of the Union cause, was made a prisoner at the same time Albert was captured and he, too, died in Andersonville prison. Terrence L. was drafted for the army, at which time he was working in the woods and was unaware of what had occurred until it was too late to report to his company to avoid being arrested as a deserter, so he changed his nalme to Charles T. and enlisted in another regiment, serving until his horse was shot from under him and he was injured, subsequent to which time he returned home anld his death occurred in Michigan in 1901, four children being left to mourn his loss. James S. is now living in Denver, Colorado. Oliver served throughout the war with the Seventh Michigan Infantry and died at Big Rapids, Michigan, in 1887. Edward M., who served for three terms as county clerk in Sanilac county, Michigan, is now engaged in the real estate business in Los Angeles, California. John K. Denton, the eighth member of the family, spent his boyhood days in Richmond township and remained on the homestead farm until 1890, becoming the owner of one hundred and twenty acres of land there. He then removed to Memphis, where he engaged in merchandising and in the livery business for two years. On selling out there he removed to Richmond, where he has since been engaged in the manufacture of marble and granite monumients, and in this line he has prospered, having secured a large patronage because of the excellence of his work, his reasonable prices and his straightforward business dealing. Mr. Denton was married on the 22d of January, 1889, to MTiss Abbie Sprowl, of Lexington, Michigan, a daughter of John Sprowl, and their children are: J. Kearn, Terrence L., Irene, Georgia and Edwin. Mr. Denton has never sought or desired political preferment but has given his undivided attention to his business affairs, in which he has met with signal success. He belongs to the Knights of the Maccabees and the Woodmen of the World. Hie has always lived in Mlacomub county, where he has so directed his efforts that he has gained the prosperity which is the sure reward of earnest, persistent labor. ITERMAN II. ORBITS. IIerman II. Orbits, who is now so acceptably filling the position of chief engineer and suiperintendent of the lMount Clemens waterworks, was born in Charleston, South Carolina, Novembler 14, 1849, his parents being Lewis and Elizabeth Orbits, natives of Spain and G(ermany, respectively. By trade the father was a shoemaker. It was about 1839 that he left Spain and came to the United States, landino in New York city. Subsequently he went to Gainesville, Florida, but was living in Charleston, South Carolina, at the birth of our subject. In 1863, during the dark days of the Civil war, he aided the Union forces in blockading the Mexican coast, and while in the service his family removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he joined them at the close of the war. ITe died in that city at the agoe of sixty-:even years and the death of his wife occurred at the same place when she 374 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY was sixty-five years of age. In their family were three children: Addie, the deceased wife of Joseph Deitsch, of Cleveland; George, who has been foreman of the Lake Shore car shops in that city for thirty-five years; and Herman II., of this review. Herman H1. Orbits received only a limited education during his boyhood and at the age of thirteen years commenced work in a rolling mill in Cleveland, where he was employed for a few months. Later he was employed as clerk in a millinery store and devoted two years to the tinsmith's trade. During the following seven years he learned the business of steamfitting and plumbing with the wellknown firm of C. Riehl, of Cleveland, and at the end of his apprenticeship went to Detroit, where he was employed at his trade for a year. For eleven years he was engaged in business on his own account, having a steamnfitting and plumbing shop at No. 280 Michigan avenue, I)etroit, and in 1887 came to Mount Clemens, being chief engineer for E. R. Egnew at the Avery House for three years. For one season he was also in the employ of R. C. Ullrich as a plumber, and at the end of that time accepted his present position as chief engineer and superintendent of the Mount Clemens waterworks. This city has one of the finest systems of artesian wells of any city of its size in the state of Michigan, having twentytwo wells in operation, and its new system is due to the suggestions and energy of Mr. Orbits, who has proved a most competent man for the place which he is now so creditably filling. This plant has cost the city about ninety thousand dollars and as the pumping station is surrounded by a beautiful and wellkept lawn it is an ornament to the city. On the 11th of February, 1875, Mr. Orbits married Miss Julia Kohn, a daughter of Ludwig Kohn, of Cleveland, Ohio, and to them have been born eight children, five of whom are living: Lewis, now a plumber, of Chicago; Joseph, who is assistant city engineer at Mount Clemens; and Belle, Rachel and Angus. all residents of this city. Although quite young, Mr. Orbits entered the service of his country during the Civil war, becoming a member of the One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Ile is a member of the Knights of the Maccabees, the Modern Woodmen of America, and the Bankers' Association of Iowa, and is the honored president of the National Association of Stationary Engineers. lIe is also a prominent memiber and treasurer of the Twentieth Century Club of Mount Clemens and he stands deservedly high in the esteem of his fellow-citizens. In politics he is a democrat but at local elections supports the men whom he believes best qualified for office, regardless of party ties. HENRY J. McKAY. Henry J. McKay, a legal practitioner, represents one of the old families of Macomb county, being a son of Robert and Caroline (Day) McKay, whose sketch appears in another portion of this work. The birth of their son, Henry J. lMcKay, occurred on the homestead farm in lBruce township, Macomb county, February 21, 1866, and there he was reared, early becoming familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. Ile pursued his preliminary education in the public schools and afterward became a student in the law department of the State University at Ann Arbor, preparatory to entering upn the active work of his chosen profession. He completed his course there by graduation with thle class of 1895 and in 1898 he opened a law office in Romeo, where he has since prospered in the practice of his profession, enjoying an excellent clientage. He has practiced in the various courts of Michigan and has built up a good business. He is a man of high character and occupies a prominent position in his profession. Mr. McKay is now vice president and attorney of the Citizens' National Bank of Romeo, an institution which his father assisted in organizing. He is the owner of a fine farm of one hundred and sixty acres two miles north and east of Romeo in Bruce township, with first class improvements thereon, has a fine residence property in Romeo, while his wife owns an interest in her father's old home property of two hundred and thirty-two acres adjoining Romeo, and sixty acres of timberland west of the town. It was on the 14th of December, 1898, that IMr. McKay was united in marriage in this county to Miss Iattie H. Sikes, a daughter of Andrew J. and Sarah (Crisman) Sikes, of Romeo. She was born March 7, 1872, and was reared and educated in this county. By their marriage there was one son, Ralph S., born August 26, 1901, died December 6, 1901. Mr. McKay is an exemplary Mason, belonging to the lodge, chapter and commandery at Romeo, and in his life exemplifies the beneficent spirit of the craft. Ile votes with 4fe 6, Ay^^/^^6^~~~?// Of)^ ow ) O PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 377 the republican party and takes an active and helpful interest in local politics. He has served as circuit court commissioner for six years and is now president of the village board, serving his second term, to which position he was called by popular ballot. A young man of strong intellectuality and laudable ambition, he has already attained enviable success and his qualities are such as insure a bright future. ALBERT HOVEY. Albert Hovey, who for a half century was one of the active and successful farmers of Macomb county, is now living a retired life in Romeo. His old homestead place of one hundred and eighty-five acres is situated in the town of Bruce and is a well improved and valuable property, conveniently located about two miles from Romeo. Mr. Hovey is one of the few remaining early settlers of the county, dating his residence here from 1826. He was but three and one-half years of age at the time of his arrival, his birth having occurred in Wyoming county, New York, October 10, 1822. His father, Sewell Hovey, was born in New Hampshire and was a son of Josiah Tovey, a native of England, who became one of the early settlers of the old Granite state, taking up his abode there when a young man of nineteen years. Sewell Hovey was reared in that state and in early manhood removed to New York, settling in Wyoming county. There he met and married Miss Lucinda Holmes, who was a native of Vermont and was of Scotch ancestry. Mr. HIovey carried on farming in Wyoming county for a number of years and three of their children were born unto them there. Resolving to try his fortune in the west, however, he came to Michigan in 1826, settling in the township of Bruce, Macomb county, where he entered land from the government, securing part of the tract that is now in possession of Albert Hovey. Not a furrow had been turned nor an improvement made upon the place. In fact the farm was all covered with timber and it was necessary to clear away the trees and brush before any plowing could be done. Mr. Hovey at once began the work of improvement and cultivation, and as the years passed developed an excellent farm whose productive fields returned him golden harvests. Upon the place he spent his remaining days, there passing away in 1873, when he had reached the age of eighty-eight years. His wife survived him and died in 1876. He had served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812 and was afterward granted a pension in recognition of his meritorious aid when the country was engaged in hostilities with England for the second time. Albert Hovey was the second in order of birth in a family of three children. His brother George was married and died when about sixty years of age. His sister, Mrs. Betsy Westbrook, is now a widow living in Romeo. Albert Hovey was reared upon the old home farm and attended the first school ever taught in Romeo. There were four houses in the town when the family home was established in Macomb county and the Hovey farm was at the extreme end of the road in the midst of an unbroken wilderness. Albert Hovey remained with his father during his early manhood and later the father lived with him until his death. He purchased the old homestead and there he continued agricultural pursuits, placing the fields under a high state of cultivation and adding many modern improvements. He bought more land from time to time as his financial resources increased, erected good buildings, planted an orchard and made a most valuable property. He was actively identified with farming interests until 1899, when he left the old home in care of his son and removed to Romeo, where he has since lived retired. Mr. Hovey was married in Lapeer county, Michigan, in May, 1856, to Miss Eliza A. Carpenter, a native of Armada township, Macomb county, and a daughter of Samuel Carpenter, who was one of the early settlers of this locality, coming here from Vermont, his native state, in 1836. He afterward removed to Lapeer county. Mr. and Mrs. Hovey have become the parents of four children: Carson F., a farmer of Lapeer county, is married and has two childrenMildred E. and Harold. Elmer is operating the old homestead farm. Cora B. is the wife of George Grover, living on a farm in Lapeer county. Myrtle I. is the wife of Cassius M. Inman, a farmer of Macomb county. They also lost three children: Lena S., who died at the age of twenty months; Emma, at the age of four years; and Samuel, who died unmarried at the age of twenty-five years. Elmer Hovey has three children-Morris, Grace and Albert N. Mr. and Mrs. Grover 378 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY have six children-Lena S., Arthur E., Robert, Floyd, Ruth and George. Mr. and Mrs. Inman have one daughter-Bernice L. When age gave to him the right of franchise Mr. Hovey became a whig, supporting that party until its dissolution, when in 1856 he voted for John C. Fremont and has since supported each republican nominee. He was a member of the school board for thirty years though he has never been an office seeker. He has deep interest, however, in the welfare and progress of his county and as a private citizen does all in his power for its improvement and upbuilding. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and he is serving on the official board, while for thirty years he has been a trustee and his wife is an active member of the Ladies' Aid Society. Few residents of Macomb county have longer remained within its borders than has Albert IHovey, who for seventy-nine years has witnessed the wonderful transformation that has occurred here. Ile has seen the country change from a wilderness and swalmp to a highly productive region of farms and (ardens with thriving towns and villages here and there, with churches and schoolhouses and in fact with all the advantages and privileges known to the older east. He has ever been a man of strong purpose and has lived a useful and exemplary life. He has now reached the age of eighty-three years, but he receives the veneration and respect which should ever be accorded those whose course on life's journey has been honorable and straightforward. GEORGE TINCKNELL. George Tincknell resides on section 8, Washington township, where he is engaged in the raising of grain and stock. He dates his residence in Michigan from 1870, in which year he arrived in Macomb county. IHe is a native of England, his birth having occurred in Sonmersetshire, April 13, 1860. Ile and his brother, Simon Tincknell, emigrated to the new world in 1870, making their way direct to Macoinb county, Michigan, where they joined their two older brothers, John and William Tincknell, who had crossed the Atlantic some years before. George Tincknell resided with his brother for about a year and then started out in life for himself, although but a young man. He drove a team in Romeo for a number of years and the necessity of earning his own living limited his educational privileges, but reading, observation and experience in later years have greatly broadened his knowledge. Later he worked upon a farm, renting land subsequently in order that he might carry on agricultural pursuits on his own account. It was in 1880, in the town of Washington, that Mr. Tincknell, then twenty years of age, was united in marriage to Miss Maggie Casey, who was born in Romeo, Michigan, a daughter of David Casey, one of the early settlers of that locality. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Tincknell located in Ray township, where lie rented land which he farmed for three years. Ile then removed to Clinton, where he carried on general farning for three years, after which he took up his abode on another tract of land, operating the Elisha Smith farm for three years. In 1890 he came to the place where he now resides and after renting for several years he bought the farm in 1904. Here he owns and operates two hundred acres of rich and arable land on section 8, Washington township, and in connection with the raising of the cereals best adapted to soil and climate he also raises, feeds and sells stock, his business affairs being so carefully directed that his income has annually increased. Mr. and Mrs. Tincknell have four children: Julia, who is engaged in teaching in the home school; Cass, who assists in the operation of the home farm; Charles, at home; and Howard, who is attending the Romeo high school. Politically Mr. Tincknell has been an earnest republican since casting his first presidential ballot for James A. Garfield. He is serving on the school board and does all in his power to advance the cause of education and to employ competent teachers. Aside from this he has never sought or held office, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business affairs, which have been so carefully and honorably managed that his success has made him one of the substantial residents of his adopted county. FREDERICK W. CARTWRIGIT. Frederick W. Cartwright, interested in both mrerchandising and farming, and manifesting in his life the qualities of keen perception and strong purpose which ultimately bring success, was born in IJtica, Michigan, June 6, 1843. His parents, John Byron and Mary Jane (Tyson) Cartwright, were both natives of England. The father, born in Little Steeping, Lincolnshire, November 22, 1816, was a PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 379 son of William and Susan Cartwright, farming people of that locality. The grandfather died before his son was two years old and the latter went to live with his uncle, Fred Norton, of Trumby, Lincolnshire. There he afterward learned the business of a malster and brewer under his uncle, who followed those pursuits. He was married at Blyton, England, March 22, 1842, by the Rev. Robert Cheseborough, to Miss Mary Jane Tyson, a native of Wainfleet, Lincolnshire, and in 1843 they sailed for America, landing at New York on the 2d of IMay of that year. They proceeded at once to Utica, MAaoomb county, where lived a brother of AIlrs. Cartwright, who was a farmer. Mr. Cartwright reached Utica on the 26th of May with only seven cents in his pocket. He had no alternative but to become a laborer an(l at once hired to Ira -I. Butterfield, of Sterling township, and afterward to Payne K. Leech, of the same township. When two years had passed he purchased from Mr. Leech eighty acres of land on section 28, Sterling township, for two hundred dollars. At the close of his first year on the farm he had saved up one hundred and nine dollars and six cents, wiith which he made payment on the property and he was to have four years in which to pay the balance. but about that time his wife became ill and he grew very discouraged. Ile attempted to sell the farm to its former owner, SMr. Leech, who refused, however, to take the property back. After nmakinig several attempts Mr. Cartwright finally disposed of the farm to George Falls, taking in exchange five dozen brooms, which six months afterward he took to Detroit and sold for three dollars, of which sum he paid two dollars and ninety-seven cents for arrearages in taxes. Thus ended disastrously his first attempt to become a land owner in America. Ile afterward worked land on shares, thus operating the farm of William Lester, of Sterling township. In the meantime his hope was renewed and at the end of two years he purchased sixty acres of timb)er land in that township. lie spent the sueceeding four years in cutting down trees and clearing thirty acres of this farm, land then sold out to Washington Stanley, after which he removed to Troy township in Oakland county, where he purlichased eighty acres of land from Albert Spraoge and twenty acres adjoining from Nelson Phy, and forty acres each from Tracy Babcock and Joshua Fay. making in all a farm of one hundred and eighty acres. In the conduct and improvement of this place he prospered and finally he rented it on shares to his son Frederick W. In 1862 he revisited England, leaving Detroit on the 1st of May and returning on the 14th of August of that year, more satisfied with his American home than he had ever been before. In 1864 he decided to retire from the farm, and, selling it to his son, removed to the village of Birmingham, where he purchased a small tract of land of twelve and three-quarter acres, on which stood a little building. In 1866 he erected his handsome residence, in which he and his wife lived for many years, enjoying in comfort the fruits of their former toil. In this home he died in March, 1893, respected and honored by all who knew him. His widow afterward married again, but survived her second marriage for only a brief period. They were the parents of five children, of whoml only two are now living: Frederick W. and Melissa A. The latter, born October 3, 1846, is the wife of John Truesdell, of Detroit. The deceased children are: Myron M., who was born May 4, 1849, and died Noveniber 2, 1860; Mary Evangeline, who was born July 2, 1854, and died November 29, 1860; and an infant soni, who died February 18, 1858. Frederick W. Cartwright was reared under the parental roof and while still upon his father's farm he entered upon hils business career at the age of seventeen years by buying, selling aCnd trading horses. At the age of twenty years he began operating the farm on shares and after three years he rented it and continued its cultivation in that way through the three succeeding years. IIe then purchased the property and made it his home until 1882, when he removed to the village of Warren, where in partnership with William Murthum he opened a meat market, which they conducted for three years, when Mr. Cartwright purchased his partner's interest, continuing the business in his own name. Later he established a general store in a frame building on the site of which stands the brick building now occupied by Mr. Brooks. He traded his stock of merchandise later for two hundred acres of land near Ypsilanti and still owns that farm. Hle then bought the John Aims grocery store and removed to the buildingr in which he was conducting his meat market, but afterward sold this store to Oliver Barton and again opened a meat market and grocery store in the building which he first occupied in the village of Warren. Here he has since remained and his earnest desire to please his patrons and his honorable business methods have brought himi a good patronage. 380 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Although he has been actively engaged in merchandising, he has never abandoned his farming operations and continued the management of his home place of one hundred and eighty acres until about six years ago, when he rented the property. He continues farming, however, on forty acres of land in Warren township, just outside the village, and he owns eleven and a half acres within the corporation limits and has built thereon a beautiful residence which he now occupies. On the 19th of February, 1864, Mr. Cartwright was married to Miss Emma Proctor, a daughter of John and Ann Proctor, of Royal Oak, Michigan. Her parents were natives of England and came to this state in 1851, settling in Dearborn, Wayne county, where her father carried on farming until 1856, when he removed to Royal Oak and operated a rented farm until 1868. He then again removed to Wayne county, where both he and his wife spent their remaining days. His death occurred in June, 1898, while his wife passed away in March, 1905. He left nine children, of whom Mrs. Cartwright is the eldest, the others being: Mrs. Mary Ann Strong and Francis John, both of Detroit; Mrs. Abbie Jane Phelps, of Plymouth, Michigan; Mrs. Elizabeth Wright, of Leech, Michigan; Mrs. Evaline Rathborn, of Livonia, Michigan; Mrs. Edna Murray, of Saline, Michigan; George, of Tonquish, Wayne county; and Mrs. Florence McDermie, of Detroit. Mr. and Mrs. Cartwright had two children, but both are now deceased: Minnie Ann, who became the wife of William Murthum, of Warren, and died in 1884; and John Frederick. Mr. and Mrs. Cartwright are widely and favorably known and their own home is justly celebrated for its warm-hearted and gracious hospitality. He is a representative of our best type of American manhood and chivalry. By perseverance, determination and honorable effort he has overthrown the obstacles that have barred his path to success and reached the goal of prosperity, while his genuine worth, broad mind and public spirit have made him a director of public thought and action in his locality. SAMUEL CHENEY PRICE. Samuel Cheney Price, who since the fall of 1900 has been a representative of journalism in Mount Clemens as owner and editor of the Mount Clemens Daily Leader, and the Mount Clemens Press, was born near Urbana, Ohio, October 10, 1867, his parents being Jacob S. and Mary Ellen Price. Having completed a course of instruction in the public schools of his native county he entered the Ohio University at Athens and in addition to the classical course devoted two years to a special course in electrical engineering. He was graduated in 1891 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and for a number of years in his earlier manhood Mr. Price was engaged in teaching school. He filled the position of principal of the Mount Clemens high school from September, 1892, until March, 1895, when he was made superintendent of the city schools, so acting until November, 1900, when he resigned in order to become publisher of the Mount Clemens Press. In the spring of 1901 he purchased the Mount Clemens Daily Leader and is now engaged in newspaper work. Mr. Price was married, August 10, 1893, at Sabot Hill, Goochland county, Virginia, to Miss Frances Johnson Norton, a daughter of Augustus and Sarah (Putnam) Norton, the latter a direct descendant of General Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary war fame. One son was born to them at Sabot Hill, July 8, 1896, to whom they gave the name of Norton Price. Mr. Price is a member of the Phi Delta Theta, a college fraternity, and also of the Methodist Episcopal church, while in the Masonic fraternity he has attained the Knight Templar degree and is also connected with the Mystic Shrine. The concensus of public opinion regarding his school work was most favorable and under his guidance the Mount Clemens Daily Leader and the Mount Clemens Press have become journals creditable alike to their publisher and to the public. FRANK PARKER. Frank Parker, identified with agricultural pursuits in Romeo, where he is known as a practical mechanic and good business man, having for the past fourteen years been engaged in contracting and building here, was born in Ray township, February 10, 1857. His paternal grandfather, Squire Harvey Parker, was one of the first settlers of Michigan, locating here in 1830 when its population was very sparse and when land could be secured almost for the asking. His son, Zarah Parker, was born February 12, 1832, in this FRANK PARKER. MRS. FRANK PARKER PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 385 state and was reared to manhood near Detroit. After reaching mature years he married Hannah Schultz, a native of Germany, and a daughter of John A. and Maria A. Schultz. About 1846 he established his home in Macomb county, settling in Ray township, where he purchased land and opened up a farm. In August, 1862, he joined the boys in blue, becoming a member of the Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer Infantry, with which he went south and there he gave up his life upon the altar of his country, being killed in the battle of Chickamauga in 1863. He had been promoted on the field there and was known as a brave and loyal soldier, never faltering in the performance of any duty. Mrs. Parker survived her husband and devoted herself to rearing their children. Two sons and a daughter are yet living, the brother being Harvey, who now resides in Columbia Falls, Montana, while the sister, Ida, is the wife of Simeon Cole, a representative farmer of Ray township, living on the Cole homestead. Frank Parker, the other member of the family, pursued his edueation in the schools of Romeo and was reared in the usual manner of farmer lads. Ie afterward bought out the interests of the other heirs and succeeded to the ownership of the old home property which he farmed for a number of years, placing his fields under a high state of cultivation and annually harvesting rich crops therefrom. The farm becamle valuable owing to the improvements which he placed upon it. He built a good barn, divided the place by well kept fences and continued the work of progressive, practical farming until 1891, when he removed to Romeo and here built a residence. Ile then became connected with a stave mill, purchasing the plant known as the Armada stave mill, which he conducted for three years. He has since engaged in contractinl a(nd building, erecting a mnniber of good residences and he has also done repair work and taken contracts for putting in electric light wires. I-e has also built cement walks under contract and is well known here as a general contractor, doing a good business. Ile owns seven substantial residences in town and his property is the visible evidence of his life of enterprise and thrift. ITe is now making arrangements to erect a store building of cement blocks, which will be the first structure of the kind in this part of the state. Mr. Parker owns the mlachine with which he is manufacturing the blocks. The building is to be two stories in height, fifty feet front and seventyfive feet deep. The lower floor will be divided into two store rooms and the upper into lodge rooms for the Masonic order. On the 8th of May, 1881, in Romeo, Frank Parker was married to Jane Griffin, who was born in Marengo, Illinois, May 16, 1857, and came to Macomb county when a maiden of seven years, her father being Lyman Griffin, who was a native of New York and when a young man went to Illinois, being married in Mlarengo to Miss Ruth Nickerson, a native of that city. The other children in the Griffin family were James, who was killed while serving his country in the Civil war; Charles, born May 26, 1851, and John, born November 16, 1854. The father removed with his family to Michigan, settling in the township of Washington, Macomb county. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Parker has been blessed with four children: Arthur J., born August 8, 1882; Eva S., born December 5, 1884; Clarence F., born February 11, 1887; and Frank, born November 10, 1888. Mrs. Parker is a memiber of the Congregational church and although Mr. Parker is not identified with any religious organization he contributes to the support of the church and is liberal in upholding every measure that he believes will be of benefit to his locality. He belongs to Romeo lodge, A. F. & A. M., and with his wife and daughter is connected with the Order of the Eastern Star. In local political interests he is independent, but where national issues are involved gives an unfaltering support to the republican party. lie is a man of firm purpose, who forms his plans readily and is determined in their execution. He possesses great energy and force of character that enables him to accomnplish whatever he uldertakes and as a general contractor he has becomie well known in the business circles of Romeo. Iis lnamle is honored on conmmercial paper andl in all trade transactions his word has ever been found as good as any bond solemnized by signature or seal. ALEXANDER GUNN, M. D. Alexander Gunn, a capable practitioner of medicine and surgery in New Haven, whose labors, aside from his profession, have also been of material benefit to the townfor he has worked persistently and efficiently to better sanitary conditions here-was born in Nova Scotia, January 13, 1833. His father, Alexander Gunn, was a native of Argyleshire, Scotland, and when a youth of fifteen years crossed the Atlantic to the new 386 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY world, living for some time in Nova Scotia, where he formed the acquaintance of and married Miss Mehitable Baine, who was born in Digby county, Nova Scotia. They removed to Middlesex county, Ontario, where the death of the husband occurred about 1850. His widow survived him until 1868. In his family were thirteen children, of whom eleven grew to maturity. Dr. Gunn is indebted to the public schools of Elgin county, Ontario, for the educational advantages he enjoyed along literary lines. Early in life he began to study medicine, spending two years under the preceptorship of Dr. M. B. McCausland, of Ingersol, Ontario. He then entered the mredical department of the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 1864, and he spent the succeeding year in Ontario. He then returned to the United States and began the practice of his chosen profession in Richmond, Macomb county, where he became acquainted with Dr. D. G. Gleason, who persuaded him to take up his practice in Chesterfield township. IHe removed from Richmond to Dr. Gleason's residence near the Congregational church on the Gratiot road, and there he continued in practice until 1871, when he became a resident of New Haven, Michigan, where he has since remained, being one of the oldest practitioners in the eastern part of Macomb county at this writing. He was a member of the Northeastern Medical Association, serving for one term as vice president and one term as president. He is now a lmember of the Macomb County Medical Association and the Michigan State AMedical Society and through the interchange of thought, experience and ideas in these organizations, as well as by private reading and study, he keeps in touch with the advanced methods in the science of medicine, utilizing' every new method which he believes will prove of practical benefit, yet slow to discard the old and time-tried practices, the utility of which has been proven. Dr. Gunn's former preceptor, Dr. McCausland, was a prominent surgeon in the United States Army during the Civil war and from exposure and hardships endured on the field of battle he returned home at the close of hostilities with greatly impaired health. He died soon afterward, leaving two small children. Dr. Gunn, who had not forgotten his old preceptor in his kindness, took one of the sons and reared him as though he had been his own child, and when the boy grew up and decided to study medi cine Dr. Gunn acted as his preceptor and afterward met the expense of his college course in the University of Michigan from which he was graduated in 1901. He served during the first year after his graduation as interne in the University hospital and Dr. Gunn is now somewhat repaid for his former kindness and generosity by the satisfaction of seeing the boy, to whom in his childhood he had extended the hand of friendship and protection, now making for himself a place as a leading physician in the western part of the state, for Dr. M. B. McCausland, is now well known a a a capable practitioner of Covert and Van Buren county. Dr. Gunn has also taken a deep interest in bettering the sanitary conditions of his locality and for a number of years was health inspector of New Haven and Lenox township and while president of the village was very active in obtaining better sanitary conditions by having the village drained. He has always been deeply interested in educational work and progress, and for a number of years did effective and beneficial service as a member of the school board. He belongs to the Congregational church. In October, 1858, Dr. Gunn was married to Miss Laura MeCausland, of Alymer, Ontario, a sister of his former preceptor. By this marriage there were three children, but only one is now living-Edwin J. of Hanna, Wyoming, where he is engaged in sheep raising. Mrs. Gunn died February 18, 1890, and Dr. Gunn was married November 17, 1891, to Ellen J. Clark, of Ansonia, Connecticut. For many years he has been known for his sterling qualities, his capability in his profession and his championship of progressive measures. His career in the medical fraternity has been one of honor and he has given some of the best efforts of his life for the public good. CASSIUS W. THORINGTON. The Thorington farm, which is the homel of the subject of this review, has been in possession of the family through three successive generations, having been entered from the government by the grandfather of C. W. Thorington. Elijah Thorington was one of the first settlers of Macomb county, coming to this state when it was largely an undeveloped wilderness. He secured the land PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 387 as a claim and began the development of a farm, which in turn came into possession of his son, George W. Thorington, who was born and reared upon that place. Later he was married and upon the old homestead, on the 13th of August, 1878, his son, Cassius W. Thorington, was born. There were also two daughters: Lydia, now the wife of Charles Sykes, a prominent dairyman of the township of Romeo; and Liela, at home. C. W. Thorington was reared upon the old homestead in the usual manner of farmer lads and when he had mastered the branches of learning taught in the public schools he attended the Romeo high school. He assisted in the improvement, operation and management of the old home farm until 1903, when his father retired from active business life and removed to Romeo and the son took charge of the farm which he now manages. Ile is recognized as one of the enterprising and energetic young farmers of the locality and his labors are attended with gratifying results. The place is well stocked and in connection with general farming and stockraising Mr. Thorington has for the past six years acted as agent for the Pa'e woven wire fence. On the 18th of March, 1903, Mr. Thorington was united in marriage to iiss Lillian Itulett, who was born February 19, 1881, in Armada township, Macomb county, and spent her girlhood days there and in Romeo township. There is one daughter by this union, AMildred, boril June 30, 1904. Politicalll MAr. Thorilnton is a stalwart advocate of democratic principles, but without aspiration for office, his timle and energies being concentrated upon the upbuilding of a pr1ofitable business. iHe is, however, never relliss iln the lduties of citizenship and( endorses every imovelelnt for the geeneral ogood. Ile belonls to PRoileo (I1ranlge and is deeply interested in all that pertaiis to a gricultlural progress. He stands for advlncement in all walks of life aind is a typical representative of the grealt land Crowing west. REV. JOHN F. KRAMER. Rev. John F. Kramer, in charge of the Catholic church at Center Line, was born in Detroit, February 26, 1861. Iis paternal grandfather, Ferdinalnd Kramier, saw many years of active service under Napoleon Bonaparte and was with him at his downfall. Edlwardl Kramnler, the father, was born at Westphalia, on the Rhine, in Germany, and his wife, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Von Kampmann was a native of the same place. They became residents of Michigan in 1860, settling in St. Joseph parish, Detroit, and there Mrs. Kramer died MIarch 1, 1866. Mr. Kramer obtained employment in the wholesale clothing house of Schloss Brothers, where he remained a trusted employe for twenty-six years, living a quiet, peaceable life, which commended him to the trust and respect of all. He died August 11, 1896, leaving four children by his first wife: Joseph F., a resident of Detroit; Ars. Peter Pinger, of Detroit; Catherine, a sister of Christian charity in the Holy Family Convent at Dansville, Pennsylvania, and John F. Rev. Kramer began his education in St. Joseph's school in 1866 and was graduated therefrom in 1871, after which he obtained a position in Schloss Brothers' office as shipping clerk. While thus employed he attended night school and also engaged the services of private tutors. In 1877 he entered Detroit College, on Jefferson avenue, from which institution he was graduated with honors in 1884 and then, to prepare for the priesthood, matriculated in St. Mary's University, at Baltimore, Maryland, taking up the study of theology. lie was ordained March 20, 1887, and entered upon a life of consecrated devotion to his holy calling, in which his labors have not been denied the full harvest. Itis first chairge lwas at Dowagiac,. icligan, where he hhad occasion to stlldy the Indians and their habits, language, etc. le reinained there until August 14, 1890, nwhen he was called to his present charoe-St. Clemlens church, at Center Line, where his fifteen years of untiring service have been crowlned with success. St. Clemens church was organized in 1853 and lwas con(lucted as a missionary church under Rev. A. Vanden Driesche, Rev. Edmiund I)Iumont, Rev. Leo Bawlowski and Rev. Peter Andre until 1858, when Rev. Henry AIMeufels took charge in June, there continuing until 1868, after which Rev. William Hiendrix was in charge until 1882. During that time the original church-a frame structure โ€”was sold and removed and the present brick church was begun in 1880. Rev. Francis J. Brockman was in charge from 1882 unltil 1884 and during his pastorate a part of the school house was built. The Rev. John M. Schreiber was then pastor until succeeded by Rev. John F. Kramer, 388 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY who at once began the completion of the church, which was accomplished in 1892. In 1896 the parish residence was built and in 1898 the schoolhouse was completely rebuilt, with three large schoolrooms for the grades and a large assembly hall on the top floor with a seating capacity of seven hundred. The school is under the charge of the sisters of St. Dominic and has eight grades. The pupils, on completing the grade work, are qualified to take the teachers' examination. In 1902 a magnificent home was built for the sisters. The buildings throughout are modern, all being heated by steam, and in the near future an electric light plant will be installed. A large and beautiful cemetery, bearing the name of the church, is connected with the property, which is valued at more than seventy-five thousand dollars. Father Kramer has by his untiring efforts in his parish, which covers a radius of five miles, increased the membership of the church to two hundred and sixty-seven families, including many of the oldest and most prominent families of the locality and whose representatives are connected with St. Clemens Aid Society and St. Mary's Society. His efforts have been far-reaching and effective, and under his guidance the influence and growth of the church has been extended. IHe is not only known but respected by all, irrespective of party or belief, and he is always ready to assist and advise all. FRANK W. WRIGHIT. Frank W. Wright, whose home is on section 26, Ray township, is one of the thrifty farmers and dairylmien whose realization of business responsibility and opportunities has led to the direction of his energies into channels whereby hle has gained in course of time the umeritedl and desired reward of labor. Ile was borfn in Ray township in the house which he still occupies, his natal day being March 26, 1855. lie is a son of the Rev. William Wright, whose birth occllrred in Greene county, New York, in 1813. There the father was reared and educated and became a minister in the Baptist church. lTe was united in marriage to Miss Elvira Bristol, also a native of New York, and on removing westward to Michigan they settled at Port Huron. Rev. Wright became the pioneer minister of the Baptist church at that point. About 1845 he purchased land and:.aated on the farm where his son Frank now resides. here he bought about three hundred acres which was unimproved, but with characteristic energy he began to clear and cultivate this tract, building houses and barns, and in due course of time developing a good farm. Hle was also one of the pioneer educators of the county, engaging in teaching school through the winter months, while the summer seasons were devoted to the cultivation of his fields. IIe always took a deep, active and helpful interest in the work of the Baptist church and assisted in the establishment of a number of churches in this part of the state. He died about 1876, at the age of sixty-three years, respected by all who knew him, and his memory is yet cherished by those who came under his beneficent influence. His wife survived him for about twenty years, passing away in 1895. Frank Wright is the only living son of a family of five children. There are two daughters who also survive: Marian, the wife of R. D. Robinson, of Romeo; and Alna, the wife of Henry De Graff, a farmer of Ray township. One son, Judson, enlisted for service in the war of the Rebellion, joining the Eighth Michigan Cavalry, and died in the service, thus giving his life in defense of the country. Cary died when about three years of age. Frank W. Wright was reared upon the old home farm and obtained his education in the schools of the neighborhood. He remained with his father until his death and succeeded to a part of the old homestead through inheritance. He then purchased the interest of the other heirs in the property and has continned the work of repair and improvement until the place is well fenced and the farm is highly cultivated. In connection with the tilling of the soil he carries on the dairy business and keeps high grade stock, making a specialty of Durham shorthorn cattle an( Shropshire sheep. Mr. Wright also owns and operates a steam threshing machine, having continued in this line of business for about twenty years. Tie does work as a thresher for miles around and even in adjoining counties, having mlany reg'ular patrons \who emlploy him annually. Mr. Wright was married in Ray township, May 4, 1873, to Miss Julia Scouten, a native of Canada, who came to Michiogan when a young girl of thirteen years. Her father, Richard Scouten, was a native of Canada, anid there nmarried Miss Hannah Alsworth, a native of that country. They removed to Michigan, settling in St. Clair county, where MR. AND MRS. F. W. WRIGHT PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 39I the father followed farming and reared his family. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wright have been born three children: Judson, who is a mechanic and resides in Macomb township with his wife and two children, Ora and Donaldson; Claud, a merchant of Davis, Michigan, who is married and has one son, Carroll; and Myrtie, the wife of HIart Jones of Macomb township, by whom she has a daughter, Lorena. Politically Mr. Wright is a stanch republican but has never been an office seeker. Iie and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church and are interested in all that pertains to the intellectual and moral developlnent of the community. Mr. Wright is a most progressive farmer, keeping in touch with modern advancement along all lines of his work and he is the owner of the only automobile in Ray township, having purchased a very fine machine in 1904. lIe is well and favorably known in Mount Clemens and Macomb county and his warmest friends are those who have known him from his youth to the present time. JOHN C. STONE. John C. Stone, who until recently was actively engaged in general farming on section 27, Washington township, but is now living retired in Washington, is a native son of Macomb county, his birth having occurred in Washington township, December 3, 1856. His father, Enlulous Stone, was born in Genesee county, New York, in 1820, a son of Aaron Stone, whose birthplace was also the Empire state. The latter removed with his family to Michigan about 1830 and located in Washington township, Macomb county, where he purchased land and cleared and developed a farm. Upon that place Emulous Stone spent much of his youth, and, having attained manhood, he was married to Aurilla Bates, a native of this county and a daughter of Conley M. Bates, one of the early settlers of Michigan, who came to this county from Genesee county, New York. Mr. Stone purchased land and became the owner of two good farms. Ile spent his life in this locality as one of its enterprising, progressive agriculturists, and died here in 1884. His wife survived him for about ten years, passing away in 1895. In their family were three sons and a daughter who reached mature years, but Adelbert died in early manhood and Eva died when twenty one years of age, while Frank, who was married, died in 1904. John C. Stone was reared upon the old homestead, pursuing his education in the Washington school, and to his father he gave the benefit of his services until the latter's death. When a young man he engaged in merchandising at Washington, where he carried on a general store, conducting the business for ten or twelve years. Hle also served as postmaster for ten years of that time, and was thus closely identified with the public interests of the town. Mr. Stone was married in Washington township November 26, 1884, to Elna L. Davis, a daughter of Charles Davis, a native of New York, and a brother of Homer Davis, who is represented elsewhere in this work. Her mother, who bore the maiden name of Jane Canfield, was a native of Connecticut and married Charles Davis at Chesterfield, Michigan, November 16, 1856. They lived on the old home farm in Ray township for fifteen years, moving to Evart in 1871, where he was engaged in lumbering, and returning to Washington in the fall of 1872, where they resided until his death, which occurred May 26, 1896. His wife survived him three years, dying February 11, 1899. There were six children in their family: Clara, the wife of Thomas Lockwood, of Portland, Michigan; Mrs. Stone; Dwight, a business man of Los Angeles, California; Fisk C., of Dryden, Michigan; Park, of Redlands, California; and Grace J., who is studying music in New York city. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Stone resided in Washington for five years. He then sold his store and removed to the old home farm, which he at once began to put in good condition for the successful operation which would lead to desired results. He has built a good basenent barn, has put up fences and in fact has worked changes that have made this one of the best improved properties in the township. His fields in season are green with promise of coming harvests, and each fall sees his barns and sheds well stocked with the crops that reward the year's labor. He raises good stock in addition to cereals and he owns a valuable residence property in the village of Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Stone have three sons: Dayton D., a student in the Romeo high school; Ralph C. and Harold J. The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Washington and Mr. Stone belongs to the Masonic fraternity and has filled a number of 392 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY offices in Macomb lodge. He is also affiliated with the Knights of the Maccabees. Politically he is an earnest republican and has served as a delegate to numerous conventions, taking a deep interest in the success of the party, although never an aspirant for office. He is successful in business, a man of integrity and reliability and neglectful of no duty of citizenship. CHARLES HOURTIENNE. Charles Hourtienne, who is engaged in general farming on section 8, Chesterfield township, claims Germany as the land of his birth, being born in Badenburg, January 17, 1843, a son of Michael Hourtienne, also a native of that country. Coming to the United States in 1852, he spent one year in New York, and at the end of that time removed to Macomb county, Michigan, first locating in Clinton township, where he purchased a part of the Palms estate and turned his attention to farming. After residing there for thirty-three years he sold that farm and purchased the A. D. Rice place on section 8, Chesterfield township, which at that time was in a very bad condition, but he has since made many improvements thereon and converted it into a very productive and valuable farm. In 1890 he built a good barn and two years later erected his present comfortable residence. He has always followed general farming and has met with well deserved success in his chosen occupation. Mr. IHourtienne manifested his love for his adopted country during the Civil war by his enlistment in the Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Wisner. He participated in the engagement at Chickamauga and many skirmishes, but owing to ill health he was sent to St. Mary's hospital in Detroit, where he was discharged for disability in 1863. Two years later, however, he reenlisted, this time becoming a member of the First Michigan Cavalry, but as the war was drawing to a close he was not in any severe engagements, though he participated in several skirmishes while his regiment was doing guard duty in the Shenandoah Valley, which they patrolled to keep the guerillas in subjection. After the grand review at Washington, D. C., his command boarded a train on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad for Parkersburg, West Virginia, and from there proceeded by boat down the Ohio and up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, whence they marched across the plains through Kansas, Colorado, Dakota and what is now Wyoming, to Fort Halleck. Later Mr. Hourtienne was in a detachment that was ordered back to Fort Leavenworth, where he was finally mustered out in December, 1865, and returned to his Michigan home to resume the more quiet pursuits of farm life. In February, 1871, Mr. Hourtienne led to the marriage altar Miss Louise Kuhn, a daughter of Frederick Kuhn and a native of Germany. She came to Macomb county with an uncle about 1868 and made her home with him in Shelby township until her marriage. She has only one brother living, John, a resident of Detroit. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hourtienne have been born four children, namely: Carl Frederick, at home; John, who is now living in Detroit, Michigan; Annie, the wife of T. Wieso, of Marine City; and Benjamin, at home. The family is quite prominent in the community where they reside and Mr. Hourtienne is recognized as a valued and useful citizen-one devoted to the interests of his adopted country in times of peace as well as in times of war. E. J. MILLER, M. D. Dr. E. J. Miller, who is a member of the medical fraternity and is actively and successfully engaged in practice in Romeo, where he has directed his professional labors for five years, is a native son of Macomb county, having been born in the township of Washington, July 29, 1873. He is a son of F. C. Miller, a prominent farmer of Washington township, represented elsewhere in this work. Dr. Miller was reared on his father's farm and pursued his preliminary education in the Washington schools. Thinking to devote his time and energies to the practice of medicine and surgery he began reading under the direction of a preceptor and in 1895 entered upon his first course of lectures in the Detroit Medical College. IHe afterward returned to that institution and completed his studies there with four full courses of lectures. He spent two years in study in the office of Dr. H. O. Walker, one of the leading physicians of Detroit. He was graduated with the class of 1900 and subsequently spent one year in St. Mary's hospital, where he received further instruction and gained the valued knowledge that comes from practical experience. Establishing an office in Romeo he has continued in practice here to the present time, meeting with gratifying and PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 393 constantly growing success. He has built up a nice practice and to-day stands as one of the successful physicians of the county. He belongs to the Macomb County Medical Society and also to the Northeastern Medical Society and keeps constantly in touch with the progress that is made by the profession, reading broadly and adapting his knowledge to the immediate needs of his practice with the skill and ability that have resulted in bringing him a high measure of success. Dr. Miller was married in Washington, Michigan, July 17, 1903, to Miss Gertrude Norton, a native of this state, having been born and reared in Washington. The Doctor and his wife are widely and favorably known in their home town and in Romeo as well. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, holding relationship with Davis lodge, A. F. & A. M., and is also a Royal Arch Mason of Romeo chapter. What he has already accomplished in his profession argues well for future successes, and socially as well as professionally he is prominent in his adopted city. FRANK E. NELLIS. Frank E. Nellis, editor of the Mount Clemens Monitor, the republican organ of Maeomb county, was born in Watertown township, Ontario, Canada, March 27, 1857. He is descended from Mohawk valley Iutch ancestry. Iis grandfather in the paternal line left New York at the time of the Revolutionary war, being a steadfast adherent of the king, and was given a large grant of land by the British government near where the city of Brantford now stands. In the maternal line Mr. Nellis comes of Welsh ancestors. His parents were John E. and Eleanore R. Nellis. The father was for twenty-five years senior member of the firm of J. E. Nellis & Son, publishers of the Mount Clemens Monitor. He was a veteran newspaper man and one who was greatly loved and highly respected. He came to Michigan in 1865 and for a time was engaged in general business but not long afterward entered the field of journalism and was connected with newspaper life until called to his final rest. He was a man of large capacity, prominent in his church, social and business relations, and he died full of years and honors, January 26, 1904. Frank E. Nellis attended the common schools until fourteen years of age, when he entered a printing office, and throughout his entire life has been connected with the business. He was a studious and industrious youth and from the time he entered the field of business activity he has left his impress upon the department of labor which he chose as a life work. He thoroughly learned the mechanical side of the printing business before the trade had reached its present specialized condition. A printer in those days could do anything in the office, whereas now there are few printers in the sense indicated. A man may now be a compositor, a machine operator, a job setter, a pressman or a proof reader, but in the old days he was commonly supposed to be all of those things and more, too, for he could do reportorial or editorial work as well. Mr. Nellis was employed as printer and local editor in Wyandotte, below Detroit, and afterward in Detroit, whence he came to Mount Clemens in 1879. Here with his father he purchased the Mount Clemens Monitor, the republican organ of the county, and has since been closely associated with its publication, being to-day proprietor and editor. He likewise has other business interests, being the vice president of the Mount Clemens Electric Company and a director of the Ullrich Savings bank, while his property interests represent no inconsiderable investment. Mr. Nellis has held no public offices except that of deputy collector of customs, in which capacity he served at Mount Clemens for a short time. He has nevertheless been one of the most influential citizens in political circles of the county. He has always been a republican and for twenty-six years has been a recognized party leader. For twentytwo years he has been secretary of the republican county central committee, being each time elected by acclamation and without opposition. He is an organization politician and is charged by the opposition with being largely instrumental in upsetting their old time majority in the county and in holding the county steadfastly for the republican party, while the representatives of republican ranks rejoice in what he has accomplished in this direction. He is a man of firm convictions, unswerving in a course which he believes to be right and he is firmly convinced that the republican platform contains the best elements of good government. Mr. Nellis joined the Masonic fraternity in 1880 and is now a member of Mount Clemens lodge, Mount Clemens Chapter, Mount Clemens Council, the Order of the Eastern 394 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Star, Romeo Conmmandery, K. T., and Moslem Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He has been master in the lodge and filled offices in other Masonic bodies and is thoroughly in sympathy with the teachings and tenets of Masonry. He also has membership relations with the Modern Woodmen. Mr. Nellis has spent much of his life in Macomb county and the qualities of a strong and sterling manhood have endeared him to his business associates and social acquaintances, while his fitness for leadership has made him a strong factor in journalistic and political circles in the state. JOHN KUIIN. John Kuhn, whose business activity has been an important element in the commercial prosperity of Mount Clemens, was born in Niederwald, Hessen, Germany, November 30, 1842. His father was Franz Kuhn. The son attended the common schools between the years 1848 and 1857 and afterward entered upon an apprenticeship in a book and stationery store in Marburg, where he remained for three years in that capacity, after which he was employed as a salesman for ten years. On leaving Marburg he went to Frankfort-onthe-Main, where he entered a merchant tailoring establishment as a salesman, spending three years there. He next became familiar with the banking business, becoming collector for the banking house of Seligmann & Company, with which firm he remained until 1865, when attracted by the business opportunities and possibilities of the new world, he crossed the Atlantic to America, arriving at Detroit, Michigan, in the month of November. Ile then secured a position in the employ of G. D)oeltz & Brothers, with whom he continued as salesmlan for nine years and in 1874 he came to Mount Clemens, where he entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, P. Ullrich, under the firm name of P. Ullrich & Company. At a later date the relation was discontinued and Mr. Kuhn has since carried on business alone, being proprietor of one of the best dry-goods stores of Mount Clemens. Iis stock is large and carefully selected and he receives a liberal patronage. His business methods are in keeping with advanced ideas of colmnercialism and each year the business has expanded until it is now one of the most important mercantile enterprises of the county. In 1870 Mr. Kuhn was united in marriage to MIiss Catherine Elizabeth Ullrich and unto them have been born four children: Franz C., John, Laura and Matilda. Mr. Kuhn has occupied many local offices and is always interested in community affairs, his co-operation being a tangible factor in the public progress and improvement here. Ile is now a member of the board of trustees of the Lutheran church of Mount Clemens and has attained a high degree in Masonry, belonging to the lodge and chapter at Mount Clemens and Romeo conmmandery, No. 6, K. T. He is thoroughly informed concerning the teachings of the craft and is in hearty sympathy with its fundamental principles. Thorough training in business methods in his native country in early life well equipped him for the successful conduct of the enterprise which now claims his attention and he is to-day a leading representative of commercial interests, having a business record that any man might be proud to possess. He has the entire confidence of his associates and of the general public as well and his life is indicative of what may be accomplished through persistency of purpose and the exercise of sound judgment. REUBEN J. REMINGTON. Reuben J. Remington, living on section 18, Ray township, was born in this locality, February 4, 1847. His father, Norman Remington, was a native of New York, his birthplace being Niagara county and the date 1818. The family is of English lineage and was founded in America by three brothers of the name who came to the new world, one settling in Vermont; another in Massachusetts; and the third, Daniel Remington, locating in Connecticut. He was the ancestor of our subject and removed from Connecticut to New York. The grandfather, who bore the name of Norman Remington, became a resident of Michigan, taking up his abode in Macomb county in 1825, at which time he entered one hundred and sixty acres of land from the government. This he cleared of the timber upon it and began the development of a farm. Later he sold that property and purchased the tract of land upon which Reuben J. Remington now resides. At that time only fifteen acres had been cleared and he broke the remainder of the land, erected a log house and further continued the improvement of the place. He was a shoemaker by trade and fol JOHN KUTIIN. I I I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 397 lowed that pursuit to some extent, going from house to house making boots and shoes for his neighbors in the early times. While living in New York he had followed tanning..Iis son, Norman Remington, Jr., was reared in this county and was married here to Polly Gass, who was born in Genesee county, New York, a daughter of Duncan Gass, one of the early settlers of Ray township and its first justice of the peace. Norman Remington gave his attention to general agricultural pursuits and reared his family upon the old homestead. He lost his wife about 1875 and he died May 7, 1905, at his daughter's home in Lapeer county, Michigan. In the family were three sons and a daughter, the eldest being Reuben J., of this review, while the other sons are: Rufus, who resides in Yale, St. Clair county, Michigan; and Elmer, who is living in Deerfield, Mtichigan. Reuben J. Remington was reared under the parental roof, obtaining his education in the home school. Ile owned a farm in Lapeer county at one time, clearing and cultivating the land, which he afterward sold. lie then bought his father's interest in the old home farml and has continued to clear anid improve that place to the present time. Ile has a large residence here which he has rebuilt and remodeled. He also has built one barn and now has two good barns and other substantial outbuildings upon the place. IHe has laid several hundred rods of tiling and in fact has utilized all the means that go to the improvelnent of a valuable and model farm of the twentieth century. lie has a good orchard and fences divide the place into fields of convenient size. Everything is modern and attractive in appearance, indicating the careful supervision of a progressive owner. Mr. Reinington was married in Lapeer county, Miclhigan, October 17, 1877, to Miss Ellen Cole, a daughter of Reuben Cole, who was born in Erie county, New York, and served as a soldier of the war of 1812 under General Scott. In battle he was wounded in the neck. After the war he removed westward to Michigan, settling in Lapeer county, and it was there that M\rs. Remington was reared. Five children have been born of this marriage: Nellie, who attended the Romeo high school and is now engaged in teaching; Hugh, who assists in the operation of the home farm; May, who was educated in Romeo and has followed teaching; and Lottie, who is attending the high school. They also lost one son, Leroy, who was their first born and who died at the age of three years. Mr. Remington has ever favored progress and improvement along all lines contributing to the general welfare. He believes in good schools and good roads. He and his wife are members of the Romeo Baptist church and he is identified with the Knights of the Maccabees. He proudly cast his first presidential ballot for General Grant in 1872 and has supported every presidential nominee of the republican party since that time. He knows not only the theory but the practice of making a good farm and in his life work has met with a gratifying measure of prosperity. CHARLES F. SCHWANEBECK. Charles F. Schwanebeck, a practical and enterprising agriculturist of Chesterfield township, is one of Michigan's native sons, born in St. Clair county, February 14, 1863, his parents beiing William B. and Friedericka Schwaxlnebeck. The father was born in Germaniy and emigrated to America in 1858. Coming direct to Michigan, he spent three years in Detroit and then removed to St. Clair county, where he made his home for five vears. After that he moved back to Detroit, staying twelve years. At the end of that time he purchased the Henry De Grof farmi in Ray township, Mlacomb county, and to the cllltivation and improvement of that place devoted the remainder of his life. During his early experience in farming in this state, especially in St. Clair county, he had to overcome many natural disadvantages and from hardships and exposure at that time he contracted rheumatism, from which he suffered greatly during the last few years of his life. Hoping that he might be benefited by the baths of Mount Clemens his son Charles took him to the city for treatnent, but his first bath proved fatal. He soon became unconscious and was finally released from all suffering, passing peacefully away in the sleep that knows no awakening on the first of September, 1886. His remains were taken in charge by his brother Odd Fellows at Mount Clemens, who escorted them to his late farm, and also broke as gently as possible to his family the sad news which had come so unexpectedly. He was laid to rest in Meade cemetery, the Odd Fellows conducting the funeral services. He was connected with Mount Clemens lodge, 398 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY I. O. 0. F., and was a member of the German Lutheran church of Lenox township. Ile had served as highway commissioner in Ray township, and was a man well known and highly respected by the entire community. Iie left one son and four daughters to mourn his loss, namely: Charles F., of this review; Minnie, the wife of Oscar Kries, of )etroit; Rachel, the wife of Ilenry AIlaurer, of the same city; Louise, the wife of Benjamin Lick, of IMount Clemrens; and Emmllla, who died in 1891. During his boyhood Charles F. Schwanebeck attended the (German Alier eica;l Seminary of Detroit and after acquiring; a good practical education returned home, assisting his father in the operation of the farm for eight years. ITe was next engzagved in the steampipe and boiler coverinrl business in Detroit, but in 1890 he resulmed flarmling and nine years later purchased the Jamles Preusell farm on sections 3 an: 10, C hesterfield township, where he now resides. tie has since remodeled the residence and barns and made many other useful improvements which add greatly to the value and attractive appearance of the place. In his farming operations he has met with good suecess and is to-day quite wTell-to-do. On the 16th of October, 1890, Mr. Schwanebeck was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Prensell. a daughter of Jamnes and Sophia (Trost) Preusell, of Chesterfield. Two children bless this unioi, Frank J. and Waldo R., both at home. AMr. Schwanebeck takes an active and commrlendlable interest in public affairs and has efficiently served on the school board of district No. 8. In 1897 he was appointed deputy state oil inspector by Governor Pingree and so capably did he fill that position that lie was re-appointed by Governor Bliss, his territory covering what is known as the St. Clair, Sanilac, Huron and Macomb district. WILLIAM HENDERSON. William H-enderson, following the occupation of farming on section 4, Richmond township, is a native of York county, Ontario, Canada, born January 8, 1831. His parents were Daniel and Mary Henderson. He spent the days of his boyhood and youth in the place of his nativity, and in 1854, when a young man of twenty-three years, arrived in Macomb county, which bore little r:semblance to the present improved district for many evidences of frontier life were then seen. He worked among the early settlers until 1857 and purchased the Henry Fuller farm, on which he still resides, it having been his home now for almost a half century. At the time when the land came into his possession there was not even a house upon the place. Hle at once began to cut the timber into staves, bolts and cordwood. The money which hle received for these products he had to pay for provisions and other necessities of life, but by unremiitting diligence and industry he has developed a good farming property, whiich is pervaded by an air of neatness, thrift and prosperity. A part of the first house which he built is still standing, and hie has added to it until he now has a valuable and conmmodious home. From early springtime until crops are harvested in the autumni hi s is a very active life, and, indeed, throughout the year business interests claim his attention, and being well managed have Inade himl one of the substantial residents of his coinmiunity. (n the 3d of November, 1857, IMr. Henderson married Miss Lizzie Claggett, a daughter of Richard and Frances Claggett, of -Macomb county, who were natives of England and became pioneer residents of this part of the state, settling in Macomnb township. Mrs. Henderson has two sisters and a brother still living in this county, Inamely: Mrs. James Powell and Mrs. James Rowley, of Lenox township; and Jamnes Claggaett, a resident of Richmond. l. r. and Mrs. HIenderson have become the parents of five children: Mary A., now the wife of David Tice, of St. Clair county; Frances J., the wife of Edward W. Smith, of Richniond township; IH. Edith, at home; Lena V., who is teaching in Mount Clemens; and Omar (C., at home. Mr. Henderson has taken an active and helpful part in church work, assisting largely in building the first Methodist Episcopal church of Memphis, to which he donated labor, time and money. Ile has been a member of the school board of district No. 12, and in politics he has alwa.ys been a stanch republican and upon the party ticket was elected highway comlnissioner for two years, while in the office of justice of the peace he has served for several years. TTe started out in life in this county as a farmn hand and when his frugality and diligence had brought him a suml sufficient to justify him in the purchase of land he became own PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 399 er of a farm which he has since developed and improved until the place is an excellent property and the owner is accounted one of the men of affluence in this community. IRA L. KIRKUM. Ira L. Kirkumn is a young man of energy and ability who has adopted agriculture as a life work and has already met with a fair degree of success in his chosen occupation. lIe was born October 4, 1879, on the homestead in (.lcesterfield township, where he now resides, anl is a representative of an old anl honored family of this county. As early as 1831 his grandfather, Thomas Kirkunm camne to this locality and settled in Chesterfield towtnship, where the following year he punrchatsed the present ihonestead of the fanlily, buying the land from the governnent. IIe cleared the first thirty acres by )burning' the lo'gs, which custom was quite co(:10mon at that early day, alll he encountered the usual experiences and trials of life on the frontier. ITe was a native of New York state, as was also his wife, who bore the maideln namle of Ma;rtha Hlart. Ilis death occurred in 1871. In his family were two sons andr four ldaughters, of whoml the following are still living': IHattie, a resident of New Ilaven, Micligian; Phila, wife of Joseph La Croix, of the same place; Mrs. John (iillett, also of New laven; and James 11., the father of oour sub)ject. The other son, Robert, joined the Ulnion a1rmy in 1861 and was killedl in lbattle. Ieppsia E. died in November, 1901. James II. Kirkriu was also born on the old homestead in Chesterfield ttownship, first opening his eyes to the light of day December 1, 1855, and in the (district schools of the neiighborhood he obtained his education. Being the youngest il the famlily of six children, he reiallined at home wAith his father, assisting in clearilng the land anld cultivating the fields as his age and strelngth pernitted. For six years after his father's death the farm was relted to John Gillett, but at the end of that time he took charge of the samie, andl when his mother died in 1894 he received forty acres as his share of the property. lie also had twenty acres which he had previously purchased fron- the other heirs. He has cleared many an acre of timber land and has cut a great deal of cord wood, which he hauled to New Baltimore and sold. The old house which his father built upon the place in 1857 is still standing, but in 1885 James tI. Kirkuni erected a more modern and convenient residence, which he has since occupied. Ile has also put up other buildings and has made many useful and valuable improvemnents to the farm. The hardships and exposures which he was forced to endure in converting the land into a good farm resulted in breaking down his health and in the fall of 1904 he went to Sylvan Lake, Florida, where he was greatly benefited by the chalnge, and is now at home, much improved in health. lie is a mnember of Court Geor(ge Washington, No. 1408, I. 0. F., of New Haven, and also of New Haven lodge, No. 465, I. 0. 0. F. IUpright and honorable in all the relations of life, he has made many friends throughout Macomb county, and is held in high regard by all who know him. On the 25th of Decelmber, 1876, James H. Kirkum married Miss Rosa Love, a daughter of Willialn Love, of Livingston county, Michigan. She died March 3, 1895. The only child of this unionl was Ira L., whose name introduces this sketch. He pursued his studies in the district schools, and since coIpleting his education has given his father the benefit of his labors in carrying on the home farm. IHe has proven a most worthy son, his first care being always for his father and his comforts. GOTFRIED SEE. Gotfried Se. who is living onl section 14, in the townshil) of Washingtonll is classed with the thrifty aiud prosperous farmers and stock-r aisers of I:a colmbl) county, and his well implroved farpn of eigahty acres is a visible evidence of his life of activity and enterprise. iTe was born in the town of Erin, AMaco1nb1 coliuty, July 20, 1865. His father, Jacobl) See, was hor))n in ('Germany in 1825, and after attainin:g his majority emigrated to the new world in 1845. HIe located first in Niagara county, New York, and in 1842 came west to Michigan, settling first in the town of Erin, where he joined two brothers and a sister. HTe first purchased a small tract of land in connection with the brother, and they thus worked together for four years, after which they divided this property and Mr. See purchased other land. Subsequently he traded that property for the eighty acre tract upon which his son Gotfried now resides and to this place he remnoved, taking up his abode there in 400 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1880. At once he began to farm the land and further improve the property, and he spent his remaining days here, passing away June 1, 1901. His wife died some years before, departing this life about 1891. In their family were three children, of whom Mrs. Mary Reek now resides in Washington. August See owns and operates a farm on section 13, Washington township, adjoining his brother's property. Gotfried See came to his present farm when a young man of sixteen years and assisted largely in developing and improving the place. He afterward purchased the property from his father and has since erected a good, neat residence. He has fenced and tiled the place, has made an addition to the barn, and, in fact, has carried on the work of labor and improvement until his farm is well equipped with all modern accessories and conveniences. He raises good grades of stock and annually harvests rich crops. In May, 1890, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. See and Miss Gustie Lange, who was born in Erin township, a daughter of John Lanrge, one of the early settlers of this localitv. Mr. and Mrs. See have five children: Eddie, Willie, Walter, Clarence and E(lna. They also lost one daughter, Ella, who died at the age of six years. Politically Mr. See was formerly a democrat and east his first presidential ballot for Grover Cleveland, but for several years he has oiven earnest support to the republican party and voted for Presidents McKinley and Roosevelt. Both he and his wife were reared in the Lutheran faith and are members of the church of that denomination at Roimeo. Mr. See has spent his entire life in the county and is well known as a thorough and successful farmer and stock-raiser as well as a citizen of worth. TIHADDEUS HAZELTON. Thaddeus Hazelton, who carries on general farming and stock-raising, is living on section 25, Washington township, where his landed possessions aggregate one hundred and twenty acres. This tract comprises a valuable farm and its cultivation is not only a source of labor but also a source of pride to Mr. Hazelton, who is an energetic farmer and keeps everything about his place in excellent condition. I-e was born in Inghami county, Michigan, June 25, 1844, and is a son of Ransom Hazel ton, whose birth occurred in Madison county, New York, in 1807. The grandfather removed with his family to Canada in 1816 and there the father was reared and educated, working at such labor as claimed the attention of most youths at that period. He was married in 1829 to Miss Polly Whiting, a native of New York, and they became the parents of eight children. Ransom Hazelton removed to Michigan in 1837, reaching Detroit in time to participate in the celebration concerning the admission of the state into the Union. He settled in Ingham county, where he opened up and developed a farm, and later he continued the development of his property until it was transformed from a wild tract into one of rich fertility. In 1849 he removed to Macomb county, settling in the town of Ray, and in 1857 he became a resident of Clay county, Missouri, residing near Liberty until the time of the Civil war. He was a strong Union man and an advocate of the cause of his party. The surroundings, however, in Missouri made his location very unpleasant and he returned to Macomb county in 1862. The same year he enlisted for service with the army, joining the Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infantry as a member of Company F, and went to the front with that regiment, but in February, 1863, he was honorably discharged on account of disability. When he had somewhat recuperated his health he re-enlisted on the 6th of November, 1863, joining the First Michigan Cavalry, with which he served until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged, June 19, 1865, at Cumberland, Maryland. He took part in many important engagements and still carries several scars as evidences of the wounds which he sustained in battle. Ile spent his last years in Macomb county, one of the honored veterans of the Civil war, one whose courage and valor stood as marked characteristics in his life record. In the family of Ransom IHazelton were eight children. all of whom reached adult years and of this number three sons and a daughter are yet living. Thaddeus Ilazelton has been a resident of Macomlb county since 1849. Ile was reared and educated here and after attending the district school he continued his studies in the Baltimore high school. IIe remained at home until a young man of twenty years, when in 1864 he joined the Third Michigan Infantry and went south, serving with the Army of the Cumberland. IHe participated in the battle of Stone River and in many skirmishes and at MR. AND MRS. THADDEUS HAZELTON b PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 403 length Wfas honorably discharged at Knoxville, Tennessee, in June, 1865. Later he returned home and it was after this time that he pursued his high school course. The following season he engaged in farming and as a companion and helpmate for life's journey he chose Miss Martha Dudley, their marriage being celebrated in Washington township, Macombn county, November 9, 1871. The lady was born in this county l)ecember 11, 1855, and is a daauhter of Oliver Dudley, whose birth occurred in the amle county. IHer mother bore the maiden name of Mary Anderson and was also a native of Washington township and a daughter of Isaac Anderson, one of the first settlers of this part of the state. Mr. Dudley was a farmer by occupation and followed that pursuit and reared his family in Washington township. Following his marriage Mr. Ilazelton Lceated on a farm near Romeo, having there one hundred acres of land which he began to clear and improve. Iie continued to reside there for eight years and then sold that property and purchased another place. IHe has purchased and improved land in various localities in Washington township and took up his abode on his present farm in 1898. Later, however, he removed elsewhere, but in 1902 returned to his present place and has since remodeled and improved the house and made other substantial improvements. Hle built three good barns and all modern equipments are seen upon this farm. Ile operates the entire tract and now in addition to the cultivation of the cereals best adapted to soil and climate he is also engaged in the raising and feeding of stock, making a specialty of sheep and horses. He is a man of good business capacity, enterprising and energetic, and what he has accomplished is indicative of his strong purpose and unfaltering determination. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hazelton have been born two children: Orsel D. Hazelton, born Decelnber 18, 1872, who is married and resides in Romeo; and Professor Ransom Hazelton, who was educated in the Romeo high school and is now a teacher in the high school at Washington. He was born September 14, 1874. Politically Mr. Hazelton has been a lifelong republican since casting his first presidential ballot for General Grant in 1868, but the honors and emoluments of office have had no attraction for him, as he has preferred to give his undivided attention to his business affairs. Tie has helped to develop and im prove a Inumiber of farms in Macomb county and has thus contributed in substantial measutre to its agricultural progress. He is a man of good business judgiment, always reliable in citizenship, and is widely and favorably known in this portion of the state. CIARLES F. KIELBLOCK. Charles F. Kielblock, who, filling the office of justice of the peace and active in business affairs as a dealer in shoes, is therefore numbered among the representative citizens of New Haven, was born in Germany, in 1855, a son of Frederick and Augusta Kielblock, who were likewise natives of Germany. The father came to Michigan in 1857 and with his family settled in St. Clair county, where he took up land from the government. Ile had the usual hardships of early settlers in clearing his farm and placing it under cultivation, but in the course of time it became a productive property and he continued its operation until his death, which occurred in 1870, his wife surviving him until 1888. They left two children-Charles F. and Caroline, but the latter died September 29, 1904. At the usual age Charles F. Kielblock entered the district schools and continued his studies therein until he reached the age of fifteen years, when he went to Richmond where he learned the boot and shoe business, remaining in that place for two years. In 1872 he came to New Haven where he worked for four years and then, with the capital he had acquired through his industry and frugality, he opened the store which he now conducts, carrying a full line of footwear. He has by hard work and personal energy built up a most prosperous business and he has also extended his efforts to other lines of activity, being now the manager of the Central Coal & Supply Company of New Haven. His energies and well-directed activity have also made him a valued factor in cominunity affairs and his efforts and influence have been helpful in interests both of township and village. He was clerk of the township for seven years, being first elected in 1886, and he was also treasurer of the township for two years. He has served as assessor of the village of New Haven, has been a member of the school board for five years and in 1904 was elected justice of the peace. While a member of the village council he 4o4 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY was a strong advocate of better sanitary conditions and was a prime mover in obtaining the present drainage system which has proved of benefit to the village. His fraternal relations connect him with Wayside tent, No. 174, K. 0. T. IM., of New Iaven, of which he was a charter member. On the 13th of February, 1878, Mr. Kielblock was married to Miss Augusta HIourtienne, of New Haven. Of their family of five children three died in infancy, the second and third melbers of the family are yet living: EImma, the wife of Daney Cleveland, of New Htavenr arld Minnie, at homle. The men who to-day waken ipublic attention and regard are those who a1 re controlling commercial and industrial interests, or manage the professional work of the country, and each community claimls such men who are well recognized as leaders in their respective localities. To this class belongs Mr. Kielblock and in a successful career lie has demonstrated the fact that without the aid of influential friends or capital one may work his way upward to prosperity. ALBERT ELY LEETE. There are men who because of an ability to command are held in awe; mlel who because of successful accomplishlment are held in admiration; men who by reason of rectitude of character awaken respect, but it is the man of gentle nature, kindly spirit, deep interest in his fellowmen and unselfish devotion to their welfare that wins the love of those with whom he is associated. Such a man was Dr. Leete, and while his ability gained him prominence as a member of the medical fraternity, his nature, "full of the milk of human kindness,'" gained him warm friendships which endured as long as life endured and grew stronger as the years went by. Dr. Leete was a native of Stamford, Dutchess county, New York, born July 1, 1802. His parents were Eber and Clarinda (Gale) Leete, the former born in Guilford, Connecticut, in 1780, and the latter in Stamford, New York, in the same year, her father being Josiah Gale. Dr. Leete was a lineal descendant in the seventh generation of William Leete, who came to this country from England in 1639, as governor of the colony of New Haven. After the consolidation of the New Haven and Connecticut colonies in 1665, under the name of the latter, Governor Leete was chosen as the chief executive of the united colonies, filling that important and highly honorable position until his death, in 1683. Clarinda (Gale) Leete was also descended from ancestry equally honorable and distinguished in th, history of Connecticut. On the farm on which his birth occurred Dr. Leete spent the days of his boyhood and youth, developing through outdoor life and the labor of the farn a strong physical imanhood and through application to his text books a vigorous mind that enabled himi later to successfully cope with the intricate problems of the nmedicall profession. He began the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Shepherd, of Cairo, New York, in the suinmmer of 1824, but after five months entered the office of Dr. Asapll (Clrk ark, near Troy, in which connection he gained practical as well as theoretical kniowledge by assisting his preceptor in his practice at the county alinshollse. In the spriing of 1825 he atteended medical lecture s at the college in Castleton, Vermont, andl subsequenltly continued his studlies in the office of Professor Alden Ilarch, of Albany, New York, an elminent surgeon of that locality, who was associated il plractice with Professor Tully, a man of great erudition and learningl in the medical fraternity of the empire state. Dr. Leete greatly benefited by their instruction during the fifteen months which lhe spent in their office and also profited greatly from the hospital practice which he gained under their guidance. In 1826, leaving their office, he returned to Cairo, New York, where his further reading was directed by Dr. Levi King, who was also in charge of the county alnishouse, having between four and six hundred inmates, in all conditions of disease, mental and physical. This institution Dr. Leete visited weekly and sometimes daily, his preceptor leaving the practice there largely to him and thus he gained a proficiency which could never have been acquired through books alone. From Cairo he went to the Western College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York and received therefrom his mIedical diploma in 1826. Dr. Leete's first field of practice was Palenville, New York, and in 1833 he removed to Wawasing, New York, where he remained until 1835 when he went to Lapeer county, Michigan. The year 1840 witnessed his arrival in Romeo, where he practiced for many years, being widely recognized as one PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 405 of the most capable and eminent members of the profession of the state. He was many times called in consultation by leading nenmbers of the medical fraternity and he enjoyed a large private practice. Moreover he was always helpful to the young physician who was earnestly and honestly trying to gain a start, but he had no patience with quackery or pretense of any sort. He was thoroughly honorable and reliable in all that he did and l he demanded the same of others. His patients became his friends and he was known throulghout his locality as "the beloved physician.'" Ie was a man of ready sympathy, kindly nature and helpful disposition and instead of becoming inlured to suffering because of his large practice, his heart always remained sensitive to the pain and distress of others, and he found the greatest pleasure in administering to them that health and strength might be restoredl. IHe possessed, moreover, a cheery disposition and his presence in the sickroom was like a ray of sunshine. Dr. Leete was a member of the Aleric lan Medical Association, State Itedical Societv of Michigan and the Nortlheastern 1)istliet Medical Association, and of the last nallmed was many times chosen president. Hl e t wlas also a nmember of the St. Claiir Sanilae and Lapeer County Medical Associations, amnd notwithstandingl his advaned years he contilnued to attend the meetingls with increased interest and enjoyed them wvith as keen a zest as the younceist lemlber. IIe was always interested in his adopted city and its welfare, and was longi a menll)ber anld president of the board of educaltioll dloing all in his power to advance the standard of the schools, which he regarded as one of the bulwarks of the nation. On the 17th of Mlarch, 1831, Dr. Leete was married, in Palenville, New York, to Miss Katherine Palen, daughter of (ilbert E. and Hannah Palen. Thev had three sons and four daughters: Clarinda, h who was born December 7, 1831, married Henry Stephens, who died February 22, 1885, leaving three children, Henry, Albert Leete and Katherine, who are now in Detroit; Clarence P., who was born September 28, 1833, married Martha Ingalls and died in 1889, while his wife is also deceased; Hannah, born November 2, 1835, is living in RomIeo; James E., born March 10, 1838, miarried Katherine Goetchess, by whom he has one son, and their home is in Flint, Michigan; Rufus P., born June 3, 1842, died in infancy; Har riett, born September 20, 1844, is living in Romeo; and Albert H., born March 16, 1848, died in 1864 in a hospital froni illness contracted during his service in the Civil war. MIrs. Leete, the mother, came of a family in which education, culture and refinement, as well as wealth, were notable features. In her parents' home there was a bountiful generosity and genial spirit that impressed itself upon the character of Mrs. Leete, who in her home was hospitable, gentle and symipathetic. In her youth she forned a deep attachment for the Catskill mountains, amid which she was reared, and in her last days she longed inexpressibly for those surroundings. She was a devoted Christian woman from her girlhood days and her faith found evidence in her works. I-er love of intellectual development kept her in touch with the advance in literature as well as the progress of events in the world at large, and not until the feebleness of advanced years came upon her did she cease to be a participant in all that pronloted aesthetic, intellectual andt moral culture in Romeo. She passed away January 20, 1899, at the age of ninety years three monlths and nineteen days, almost twentytwo years after Dr. Leete had dceparted this life. A contemporary biographer said of him: "He was of medium stature and of an unbounded endurance. He was a man of sound judgmnent, quick perception, full of genuine humnor, ready and )pungent in repartee, frank and ontspoken in speech, of a warm and deeply affectionate nature, attaching his friends to hiii with peculiar devotion and nmaking himself, all unconsciously, a general favorite in the comnmunity which had so long known him. He was a gentleman, a man of honor and of integrity which was never questioned. He was loved not only by his family but by the entire comlmunity. " GEORGE W. MANN. One of the most prominent and influential citizens of Washington township is George W. Mann, whose home is at Mount Vernon, on section 19. He has taken quite a prominent part in local politics and is now a member of the honorable county board of supervisors. He was born July 18, 1855, on the farm which is still his home and has always resided in that locality. HIis father, John Mann, was a native of New 406 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Jersey and came to this state with his parents, who were among the first settlers of Macomb county. Ile opened up the farm now owned and occupied by his son and became one of the prominent agriculturists of the conmunity. In early manhood he married Elizabeth Pickle, also a native of New Jersey, and they continued to reside upon the old homestead in Washington township until their deaths, which occurred in the years 1885 and 1897, respectively. George W. Mann passed his boyhood and youth in much the usual manner of farmer boys and received his early education in district schools, but has largely added to the knowledge there acquired by reading and observation in later years. He gave his father the benefit of his labors in carrying on the farm until the latter's death, when he succeeded to the place and to its further development and cultivation he has since devoted his energies with marked success. Being a man of good business ability and sound judgment, as well as thoroughly reliable, he has often been called upon to ladminlister estates for others. Besides his home place he is also the possessor of a wellimproved fruit farm in Oregon. On the 24th of August, 1904, Mr. Mann wa:s united in marriage at Ionia, Michigan, to Miss Ada L. McGrath, a daughter of Theodore T. Mc(Grath, a native of Boston, Massachusetts, who was chief engineer of the U nited States gunboat Cumberland during the Civil war and later master mechanic of the New Orleans & Mobile Railroad. Mrs. Malnn is a native of Michigan, and, having received a good education, she successfully talught school for ten years in Oakland county, the last two years teaching in the high school of Rochester. The rep-1blican party has always found in Mr. Mann a stalwart supporter of its principles since he cast his first presidential vote for Rutherford B. layes in 1876 and he has taken (quite a prominent and influential part in public affairs, being a recognized leader of the party in his community. He has served as highway commissioner and in nuierous offices of honor and trust, being elected supervisor in 1901 and re-elected continuously, so that he is the present incunmbent in that office. THe has served on a number of important committees and his official duties have always been most prolmptly and faithfully discharged. Socially he is a Royal Arch Mason, holding menmbership in the blue lodge at Rochester, the chapter at Romeo and the council at Mount Clemens, while both Mr. Mann and his wife are members of the Eastern Star at Rochester, Michigan. DR. ABNER HAYWARD. Dr. Abner Hayward, homoeopathic physician and surgeon of Mount Clemens, has practiced medicine in Macomb county for forty years. He came to Mount Clemens in 1871, thirty-four years ago, and bears the distinction of being the first medical practitioner to establish the efficacy of the mineral waters of Mount Clemens for medical bathing purposes. Dr. Hayward was born in Johnson, Rhode Island, September 26, 1829. His paternal ancestry can be traced back to Richard Hayward, a native of England, who came to America in the early part of the seventeenth century and settled in Newport, Rhode Island, where he lived until he was about eighty years of age. His son, Richard Hayward, Jr., was born in Newport, Rhode Island, July 29, 1769, and died at Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Richard Hayward, Jr., was the father of Robert Grovenor Hayward who was born in Thompson, Rhode island, March 10, 1800, and who became interested in the cotton mills while residing in the east. I-e there became acquainted with Miss Eliza Cornell, of Somerset, Maryland, whom lie married in Coventry, Rhode Island, August 23, 1823. Miss Cornell was a niece of Ezra Cornell, founder of Cornell U;niversity, at Ithaca, New York. In 1830, Robert Grovenor Hayward removed to Monroe county, Michigan, where he eremained seven years. In 1837 he became a resident of Ingham county, where he spent his remaining years. Robert Grovenor Hayward and Eliza Cornell Hayward were the parents of six children, those living being: Robert, who resides in Aurelius, Ingham county, Michi'gan; Abner, of this review, and Itarriet, wife of W. 0. Gregory, of Los Angeles, California. Those deceased are: Joseph, who died in infancy, and Henry and Jessie, both of whom died at the age of sixteen years. The father died in 1866, aged sixty-six years, while the mother passed away in 1887, at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Dr. Abner Iayward received his early education at Spring Arbor, now Hillsdale College, and later continued his studies at Michigan Union College, Leoni, now removed to Adrian, Michigan. Ite taught school in Ing I* DIR. ABNER HAYWARD. DRi. ALICE J. HIAYWARD. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 41I ham and Jackson counties and was school inspector in Inghamn county for several years. In 1858 he was elected justice of the peace at Michigan Center, Jackson county, Michigan. Dr. Hayward began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. McCray, at Jackson, and afterward continued his readings with Drs. Watts and Chubb, at Grass Lake, Michigan. In 1860, he pursued a course of study in medicine in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and began the practice of medicine at Aurelius, Michigan, where he remained four years. Having had his attention called to the homleopathic method of administering medicine, he became convinced of its superiority and attended a course of lectures at the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital College, at Cleveland, Ohio, graduating from that institution in the class of 1866. Dr. Hayward located in Romeo, Macomlb county, the same year, where he built up a fine practice, enjoying the highest reputation as a physician and gentleman. After remalaining in Romeo five and a half years, in 1871 he removed to i[ount Clemens, and for a time was the only homeopathic physician in this city. Iet first opened his office in the old American hotel, where the Mledea hotel now stands. In 1874 he purchased his present home at No. 99 Cass avenue, and there established his office. Thus Dr. Hayward has been in active practice in uMacomb county for forty years, thirty-four of which he has been located in Mount Clemens. Between the years 1895 and 1898 his office was located in the Eastman block, now a portion of the Medea property. Dr. Hayward is the oldest representative of the medical profession in this city and, as before stated, enjoys the distinction of being the first physician to discern and make use of the curative properties of the great mineral waters of Mount Clemens. It was in 1872, the year after coming here from Romeo, that Dr. Iayward first made use of the waters for his patients. Many cases of rheumatism, neuralgia and blood diseases were given baths under his direction, in an improved rubber bathtub (there being at that time no bath house thought of here). Remarkable cures were the result and the experilments he thus made demonstrated beyond a doubt the great efficacy of the waters. The waters used were from the old original well, which was at that time used for making a coarse grade of salt, the waters being too strongly impregnated with other minerals to be refined into a good grade of table salt. These properties were the very ones which have made the waters such a curative element in the treatment of rheumnatism and other blood and skin diseases. This Dr. Hayward was quick to discern, as he had previously compounded baths of the salts, sodas, etc., for the treatment of these diseases, and his former knowledge of thermal treatment was instrumental in forming his conclusions. It is owing to his investigations and experiments in this direction that there are to-day thousands who are annually benefited and cured by treatment of the mineral waters of this city. All join in giving Dr. Abner Hayward the highest praise for his profound scientific research. Dr. I-ayward has been county physician for Macomb county, and has enjoyed many honors during his long and successful professional career. On the 12th of August, 1856, Dr. Hayward was married to MIiss Alice J. Smith, also a physician, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work. They are the parents of four children: Lillie J., who died at the age of five years; Charles Claude, who died in infancy; Maude Louise, a talented Imusician, who has attained great success as supervisor of music and drawing in the public schools of this and other states; and Frank Iarold, an eminent artist who enjoys an international reputation as a figure and landscape painter of the highest merit, lmentioned elsewhere in this book. The two grandchildren, Olive Belle and Alice Louise (Frank TIarold Iayward's children), are among the doctor's greatest treasures. Fraternally the doctor is connected with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, F. & A. M., having been raised to the sublinme degree of a Mlaster 5Mason February 21, 1856, in the lodge at Eaton Rapids, Michigan, No. 63. He has therefore bleen identified with the fraternity for fifty years. Ie also belongs to the chapter, in which he has held many offices, and the council. Iis interests, however, center in his profession. Hie is a member of the Homeopathic Medical Society, and the American Institute of Homeopathy. He has the entire respect of his fellow practitioners. His many friends and patrons, among whom are the best families of this city and county, cling to him as their family physician, besides patients who annually come to him from various parts of the country for medical treatment and consultation concerning the baths. The doctor is still very active and attends to his patrons with that skill and success which long experience and a successful career only make possible. He is a man of genial 412 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY disposition and affable temperament, and the circle of his friends is very extensive. DR. ALICE J. HAYWARD. Dr. Alice J. Hayward, whose skill as a practitioner of medicine is widely acknowledged in Mount Clemens, where she is actively engaged in practice, was born in New York and is the daughter of John IH. and Elizabeth (Patterson) Smith, natives of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Smith spent the earlier years of their married life in the state of New York. In 1845 they removed to Jackson county, Michigan, where Mr. Smith was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, dying of apoplexy in his forty-ninth year. Mrs. Smith survived her husband many years, dying at the advanced age of eightytwo. They were the parents of eleven children, eight of whom are now living. The eldest son, Samuel P., was a major in the Civil war and a captain in the United States service at the close of hostilities between the north and south. He subsequently resigned his command in the army and settled in Kansas, where he owned a large tract of land extensively stocked, and is now one of the most successful stock-raisers of that state. Charles IH. and Alonzo S. are extensive farmers and stock-raisers, the former in Jackson county, Michigan, and the latter in Kansas. The two youngest sons, Marsenor and Henry, died during the last year of the Rebellion, Marsenor dying in California and IIenry, after nearly three years spent in valiant service for his country, was killed in battle at Knoxville, Tennessee. Mrs. Adelia Prudden, the eldest daughter, spends her declining days at her home in Eureka, Kansas, and at the various homes of her children. Mrs. Lizzie P. Jones (the second daughter) also a widow, is living in Lake City, Minnesota, where she has spent all of her married life. Mary, the wife of H-olmes Tabor, who has been in the employ of the government for many years, is now living at Kansas City, Missouri. Frances, the youngest daughter, is the wife of Lucius A. Watts, a stockman living in Brooklyn, Michigan. The second daughter died in infancy. Both the Smith and Patterson families were established in New England at an early day and came from a worthy ancestry. Alice J. Smith, the fourth daughter and subject of this sketch, was united in marriage to Dr. Abner Hayward on the 12th of August, 1856. Of their four children two died in infancy, Lillie J. and Charles Claude. Maude Louise, the second daughter, has added to her fine education a thorough knowledge of music and drawing, which has made her especially successful as supervisor of these subjects in the public schools. Frank Harold, who has achieved fame as an artist, both in this country and Europe, was born in Romeo, Macomb county, Michigan. At an early age his superior artistic ability was recognized by his parents and after executing some marvelous work, the best artistic talent was secured for his instruction. This love for art is an inheritance from his mother who in her younger days and also in middle life executed work of a superior quality. In the maternal line she comes of a family noted for its artistic taste. One ancestor coming from Rome to England, achieved great fame and was knighted in recognition of artistic decorations which were superior to anything preceding it in that country. When a child Mrs. Hayward had only the advantages of the country school, but later she became a student at the Michigan Union College and eventually became a teacher in that institution. It was during this time that she formed the acquaintance of Dr. Abner HIayward, he being a student there, and the friendship thus formed ultimately resulted in their marriage. Becomiing greatly interested in her husband's work as a physician she unconsciously gained a knowledge that was recognized by his patrons, and realizing her adaptation to the work, became a faithful student and assistant to her husband. Mrs. Ilayward pursued a course of study in the Detroit HIomeopathic Medical College when there were comparatively few women engaged in the profession and has had a strong influence in overcoming the prejudice that formerly existed against women practitioners. She joined her husband in the practice of medicine, and together they have done an immense business, being recognized as among the leading members of the profession. Her intuitive knowledge enabled her to diagnose a case correctly, while after a great amount of study others were in doubt. Her patients are inspired with confidence and she has been the family physician in many of the leading families in Mount Clemens for more than twenty years. Patients come to her from different parts of the country, having learned of her skill in the treatment of chronic cases and also for the treatment of cancers, in which she is especially successful. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 413 Hers has been a busy life. Aside from her professional duties, she has capably managed her household affairs and been a thoughtful and careful mother in the care and education of her children. She is a. member of the Ladies Literary Club and also of tle Art Culture Club, of Mount Clemens. In early life she became a memlber of the Methodist Episcopal church and during the greater part of her life has been actively engaged in church work. When coming to Mount Clemens the dilapidated condition of the church of her choice was such that it called for the best efforts of its people for its upbuilding. Her naturally strong intellect, refinement and general klowledge, added to her spiritual interest in the church, caused them to turn to her as a leader in church work, and the slmall salary of eight hundred dollars which was formerly paid to their pastor, was raised to a proper almoulnt, land eventually a new church was built. And now after all these years of mental strain D)r. Alice IIay-ward has lost none of her buoyalncy of spirit. She is interested in her literary lpursuits, in the advance of medical scielnce, and prescribes for her patients with an assurance that her many years of successful experience gives her. REV. C. J. KENNEI)Y. Rev. C. J. Ke llledyv, who is in charge of St. Peter's parish at MiIount Clelens, was born in Perth, Ontario, Calnada, May 17, 1858, and is of Irish ancestry. His father, Cornelius Kennedy, crossing the Atlantic to America, settled first in Quebec and afterward removed to the city of Oswego, New York, where he was engaged in mechanical pursuits. Later he went to IPerth, Ontario, and finally settled at Port Huron, Michigan, in 1880. There he spent his remaining days, his death occurring when he had reached the age of seventy-two years. His wife, who in her mIaidenhood was Miss Mary Sheehy, died at the age of fifty-six years. In their family were eight children, of whom the Rev. C J. Kennedy is the fifth in order of birth. Four of the number were teachers and those still living are: Ann, Margaret, C. J., James and Katherine. Three of the number died in infancy. Rev. C. J. Kennedy pursued his classical studies in Ottawa, Canada, and studied theology in Baltimore, Maryland. He was assistant to Rev. F. A. O'Brien, of Kalamazoo, Michigan, for one year and afterward became pastor of the Catholic church, at Hastings, Michigan. He also ministered to the Catholic church at Charlotte, Nashville and Eaton Rapids, Michigan, and on the 28th of January, 1902, came to Mount Clemens as pastor of St. Peter's parish, succeeding the Rev. J. A. Van Iloonissen, who died on the 13th of January of that year. Since coming to Mount Clemens Father Kennedy has done effective work. He supervised the remodeling of the school and the placing of a steam-heating plant for the church and school, which was put in place at a cost of thirty-one thousand dollars. The first year of his pastorate here he effaced the church debt of four thousand five hundred dollars. The foundation stone of the present St. Peter's church was laid in 1882 and the house of worship was erected at a cost of thirty thousand dollars. The parochial schoolhouse was built in 1889 at a cost of eleven thousand dollars and the convent and rectory were erected at a cost of ten thousand dollars, while the furnishings amounited to nine thousand dollars, makino a total cost of the church property sixty thousand dollars. In 1903-4 the school was remodeled and enlarged, being supplied with all modern equli)ments and is now one of the best schools of the diocese. In connection with the grailmmar grades it has been decided to establish a complete high school course. St. Peter's parish represents about seven hundred families. Through generous donations, the monthly collections and other means, Rev. C. J. Kennedy has been enabled to pay eleven thousand dollars toward improvements on the church property. Ile is devoted to his work, which he performs in a conscientious manner, and the different branches of the church activity are now in a thriving condition. FELIX RANDALL. Felix Randall, now deceased, was well known as a pioneer settler of Macomb county, where he took up his abode in 1837. The Indians were still numerous in the state and at the time of his arrival over this great district the large forests were found just as they had come from the hand of nature. The rivers were unbridged and few roads had been made. In fact, there was little evidence of the reclamation of the district by the white men and Felix Randall found ample 4I4 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY opportunity to assist in the arduous work of reclaiming the locality for the uses of civilization. He was born in New York, October 8, 1812, his parents being John and Sarah (Smith) Randall, who were natives of Orange county, New York. When he was eight years of age he went with his parents to Canada, where they lived until 1833 and then removed to Ohio, where the father's death occurred in 1858, when he was sixty-seven years of age. His wife died in Illinois in 1873 at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Felix Randall came to Macomb county in 1837, removing to this state from Talmage township, Portage county, Ohio. The journey was made with a team of oxen and wagon and he brought with him a chest of tools, his clothes and a barrel of pork. He settled on one hundred and twenty acres of land on sections 31 and 32, Richmond township, which tract he had entered from the government two years previous, and the deed to this land, signed by President Van Buren, is still in possession of his son Arthur, who is living upon the old homestead. Difficulties and obstacles were encountered by him in his attempt to establish a frontier home, but he bravely met the hardships and trials which always form a part of the life of the frontier settler. He developed a good farm property owing to his life of unremitting diligence and enterprise, and he also took an active part in the advancement of public interests and in all measures calculated to benefit his fellowmen. He held various official positions in his township and was a strong advocate of temperance and a champion of all that is right, true and just. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and he was a member of the Patrons of Industry. On the 1st of June, 1838, Mr. Randall was united in marriage to Miss Maria Ingraham, a daughter of Asa Ingraham, of Canada, in which country she was born April 13, 1818. By this marriage there were eight children, six of whom are yet living: Climena, who was born June 7, 1839, and is the wife of M. M. Harris, of Richmond township; Matilda, who was born December 17, 1843, and is the wife of John T. Hodges, of Richmond township; Robert A., a resident of Lenox township, born May 5, 1847; Edward, of Richmond township, born August 3, 1849; Phoebe, who was born April 1, 1852, and is the wife of M. P. Bates, of Richmond township; and Arthur F., of Richmond township, born November 3, 1858. Those deceased are: Sarah -M., who was born October 23, 1841, became the wife of A. L. Abbey, of Decorah, Iowa, and died February 28, 1891; and Helen, who was born November 17, 1855, and died March 22, 1856. Mrs. Randall's parents were among the early settlers of Richmond township, where her father followed the trade of shoemaking. Of a family of seven children only one is now living, Daniel Ingraham, who resides in Plainwell, M1ichigan. Felix Randall was a quiet man but of genial disposition, and was universally liked. He was prosperous in his business affairs and yet his success was not due to any financial combination of circumstances but resulted from untiring energy and perseverantce. He knew the value of labor and he put forth his best effort to provide for his family. In all life's relations he was straightforward and honorable, never neglecting a duty, whether of a public or private nature, and he valued his own self-respect as infinitely more preferable to wealth or public honors. His death occurred February 23, 1889, and caused deep regret among his associates. His funeral was largely attended by the Patrons of Industry and by many friends outside of that organization. His wife passed away December 5, 1898, and thus were called from this life two of the respected and worthy settlers of Macomb county. THOMAS K. McINNIS. Thomas K. McInnis is a representative of farming, stockraising and dairying interests in Macomb county and makes his home on section 22, Ray township. A good farm property of one hundred and sixty acres there yields him golden harvests, while in the pastures are found high grades of stock which he raises and feeds. He dates his residence in the state from 1865. He was born in Ontario, Canada, on Owen sound, March 24, 1857, and is a son of John McInnis and a brother of Alexander McInnis, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work. When a lad of about eight years Thomas K. McInnis was brought by his parents to Macomb county, the family locating on the farm where he now resides. He assisted in opening up this place for cultivation and in the winter months he attended the country schools, acquiring a good practical English MR. AND MRS. T. K. McINNIS PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 417 education. Itis training in farm labor was not meager and he gained practical experience, the value of which has been proven in the years of his active life. He remained with his father until the latter's death, when he purchased the interest of the other heirs in the old homestead. He has since greatly improved the place by the erection of new buildings, including a good frame residence and substantial barns. He has also fenced and tiled the place and he uses the latest improved machinery in the cultivation of the fields. In addition to the raising of the cereals he also raises good grades of stock and is widely acknowledged as a successful farmer and stock-dealer. Mr. Mclnnis is also a stockholder in the Creamery Association at Davis and supplies milk to the creamery located there. Ile was likewise one of the organizers of the New Iaven Savings Bank, becoming one of the original stockholders and has continuously served as vice president. On the 16th of June, 1887, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. M nclnis and Miss MIinnie Robertson, who was born at Marine City, St. Clair county, Michigan, a daughter of David C. Robertson, one of the substantial farmers of Ray township. There were three children by this union: Lottie C., William E. and John A. In his political views Mr. Mclnnis has been a life-long republican, voting for each presidential lnominee of the party since casting his first ballot for James A. Garfield. He has been elected and served as highway commissioner, filling the office for several years and for four years was justice of the peace. He served on the school board for twenty years, was district assessor for twenty years and is a warm friend of the cause of education, believing in the employment of competent teachers and in the maintenance of good schools. He has served as a delegate to the county conventions of his party and is interested in all that pertains to the political. social and material upbuilding of the community. His wife attends the lUnion church and although he is not (a memnber of the church he contributes generously to its support. Fraternally he is connected with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at New Haven and also with the Knights of the Maccabees. Through forty years' residence on one farm he has demlonstrated his capability in handling agricultural and financial interests and his place to-day is a monument to his enterprise and skill. Moreover, he is recognized as a gentleman of kindly manner and social disposition and is well known as a public-spirited citizen. GEORGE H. BEATTY. George IH. Beatty, now deceased, was one of the early residents of Macomb county. He was born in Burlington, Vermont, May 20, 1822, a son of Jasper Beatty, also a native of that state. His boyhood and youth were there passed and his education acquired in the public schools there. When a young man he learned the harness maker's trade at Burlington, and on leaving the Green Mountain state in 1840 removed to New York, where he worked for a time. Becoming ill, he was advised by his physician, who was an old acquaintance, to take a sea voyage, and he accordingly spent the following three years on the water as a sailor, returning much benefited in health. He then located at Schroon Lake, New York, where he conducted a harness shop for about five years. It was then his intention to go to California, but as the reports which he heard concerning that state were not favorable, he went instead to Massachusetts, residing for several years at Chicopee Falls, where he worked in a machine shop. In 1854 1Mr. Beatty came to Michigan, making the journey from Detroit to Mount Clemens by stage in the month of March. It required an entire day to travel from one city to the other at that time. 1Mr. Beatty bought land on the plank road, near Fraser, Macomb county, and resided thereon for some years, during which time he supplied the railroad companies with ties and wood. As the years passed he prospered in his undertakings and, saving from his earnings a goodly sum, he was enabled to live retired for a number of years prior to his death. He made judicious investment in real estate and his property interests returned him a good income. He had considerable property in the village of Lenox, also one hundred acres of land three miles below Mount Clemens and property in Virginia. Sr. Beatty was married September 11, 1845, to Miss Jane G. Gilbert, a native of Burlington, Vermont, and a daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Campbell) Gilbert. Her father spent almost his entire life in the Green Mountain state. Her mother was a native of Scotland and a relative of Robert Burns, the poet. She frequently told of 4I8 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY his visits to her home when she was a young girl. Mr. and Mrs. Beatty had two children, Charles and Carrie. Mr. Beatty was a member of the school board and held other local offices. After a residence of more than half a century in Macomb county he passed away in April, 1901, respected by all who knew him. His wife still survives him and is now, in 1905, eighty-four years of age. She yet enjoys good health and her faculties are unimpaired. F. B. WOLCOTT. F. B. Wolcott is proprietor of the Ray Center Flouring Mills and a partner in the Miineral City Miills at Mount Clemens and also devotes his attention to farming interests and makes his home on section 16, Ray township. He has been a resident of the county since 1878. He was born in Bradford county, Pennsylvania, January 25, 1845, his birthplace being the town of Athens. His father, J. P. Wolcott, was born in New York in 1824 and was a son of Erastus Wolcott, who was also a native of the Empire state and served as a soldier of the war of 1812. J. P. Wolcott was reared in Pennsylvania and was married there to Miss Rebecca Rogers, whose birth occurred near Catskill, New York. Mr. Wolcott was a mechanic and millwright and also enaged in the manufacture of lumber. At the time of the Civil war, aroused by a spirit of patriotisnm, he enlisted in behalf of the Union, joining Company K of the One Hundred and Forty-first New York Volunteer Infantry. With this command he served in the war and participated in the battle of Atlanta, where he sustained wounds. Following the close of hostilities he removed to the west, settling in the town of Reynolds, in Jefferson county, Nebraska. He spent his last years upon a farm there and died about 1897, when seventy-three years of age. His wife still survives him and is now a wellpreserved lady of seventy-eight years. In their family were three children, the eldest being P. E. Wolcott, of Reynolds, Nebraska. Eliza reached mature years and was married, but is now deceased. F. B. Wolcott was reared to manhood in Pennsylvania and attended the public schools there. He afterward worked in a sawmill and became familiar with the business of manufacturing lumber and shingles. He was thus employed during the period of the war and later he went to the west, going to Wisconsin in 1865, while subsequently he went to Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah and California. Making his way to Sacramento he worked on the Union Pacific Railroad for a year or so. He continued in the far west for two years and then returned to Nebraska, where he joined his father's family. There he homesteaded a tract of land and improved his place, continuing its cultivation for nine years. He then traded his farm for a mill in Ray Center and also the farm upon which he now resides. In 1878 he located upon this place and took charge of the lumber business here. He has rebuilt the old mill, put in new and improved machinery and otherwise made his plant a modern property, turning out an excellent product. He has built a new residence and barn and has made a nice place, and the various branches of his business are being well managed, so that he receives a good financial return annually. The Ray Center Mill was built in 1847 of native timber and lumber, all of which was cut and sawed near here. The mill is operated by water power for the custom trade. Mr. Wolcott, however, rebuilt the mill and installed new and modern machinery, together with an excellent engine which is for use when the water is too low to furnish sufficient power for grinding. Mr. Wolcott was married in Omaha, Nebraska, November 4, 1870, to Miss Anna C. Callahan, a native of Ireland, who was brought to America when a maiden of thirteen years and was reared in Nebraska. Twelve children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Wolcott, namely: A. E. and John P., who are associated with their father in business and who own and operate the Mineral City MIills at iMount Clemens; Fred H., who is also interested in the milling business with his brothers; William I-., a young man at home, who assists in the operation of the mill at Ray Center; Frank O.; Lewis J.; Rebecca, who is the wife of Robert Miller, of New Haven; Ida May, the wife of W. C. Poyer, of Denver; Anna, who was formerly a teacher and is now a trained nurse in Detroit; Rosa M., a student in the Mount Clemens high school; and Mary and Lillie. Mr. and Mrs. Wolcott are members of the Union church at Ray Center and he is serving as one of its trustees. IIe belongs to the Masonic lodge at Davis and he is a republican, earnest in support of the party but PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 419, never seeking office. He is a man of good business ability and judgment and has lived a useful life, accomplishing what he has undertaken and proving a valued factor in the community because of his business activity and his public-spirited citizenship. He has a good residence and the improved condition of the mill and its surroundings all display thrift and care. The Wolcott home is noted for its generous hospitality, the many friends of the family receiving a gracious welcome there, and no history of the community would be complete without mention of F. B. Wolcott. C. C. THORINGTON. C. C. Thorington, a member of the law firm of Thorington & McKay, is a prominent mremlber of the legal profession of Macomb county, actively engaged in practice in Romeo. He is a native son of this county, having been born in Washington township, July 16, 1864. His father, James M. Thorington, was also born in this county on the same farm where occurred the birth of his son. The grandfather, James Thorington, was one of the first settlers of this portion of the state, locating here in the early '30s. He secured wild land, which he cleared, and thereon he built a house and opened up a farm. James M. Thorington was reared to manhood on the old farm homestead and after arriving at years of maturity he wed(ledl Mary Starkweather, who was also born il Maconbl county. Mr. Thorington is now a well-to-do and prosperous farmer of Washinglton townlship, having devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits and so directed his efforts as to win prosperity because of his diligence, perseverance and capable nanagement. C. C. Thorington was reared in Macomb county and educated in the home schools and the high school at Romeo. He afterward pursued a course in the law department of Michigan lTniversity at Ann Arbor and was graduated with the class of 1893. IHe then opened a law office in Romeo, where he has since been in active practice for more than a decade, and from the beginning he has been successful, having secured a large clientage, which many an older practitioner might well envy. He is quick to master all the intricacies of a case and grasp all details, at the same time losing sight of none of the essential points upon which the deci sion of every case finally turns. As a speaker he is fluent, forcible, earnest, logical and convincing. Mr. Thorington is also a member of the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company of Macomub county and is its treasurer at the present time. In his political views Mr. Thorington has alhways been a stalwart republican, taking an active interest in the local work of the party, and he was elected and served on the village board for one or two terms. He was also for one term its president and is now the village attorney, a position which he has filled for five years. lie has, however, never been a politician in the sense of officeseeking, preferring rather to give his time and energies to his profession, yet he has faithfully fulfilled all the duties of citizenship that have devolved upon hilm whether in official or other relations. Mr. Thorington was married, in Romeo, in 1891, to Miss Jean Greenshields, a daughter of l)r. William Greenshields, who is represented elsewhere in this work. They now have one son, William J. The parents are members of the Congregational church of Rolmeo, and Mr. Thorington is prominent in the Malsonic fraternity, having taken the de. g'rees of the lodge, chapter and commandery in this city. He is also a member of the( Mystic Shrine at Detroit. He is one of the active an(l pIublic-spirited citizens of Romeo, thoroughly identified with its people, its necessities and its prosperity, and he einjoys the confidence and esteem of the comiunity in a high degree. BERT CORBYN PRESTON. Bert Corbyn Preston, identified with mlany interests wAhich constitute the basis of business activity and lprosperity in Armada, is to-day a inost prominent factor in coimiercial and financial circles here, and his inlherent force of character, keen discrimination and persistent energy have constituted the basis of a success which is as creditable as it is desirable. He was born in Armada township January 2, 1859, his parents being Willialll E. and Lovina L. (Leonard) Preston. The father was born in Eastford, Connecticut, June 20, 1822, and the mother's blirth occurred in Woodstock, that state, on the 19th of June, 1824. He was a shoemnaker by trade and came to Michigan in 1855, following that pursuit here and also devoting munch of his time to farming until 1867, when he became a merchant of Ar 420 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY mada. There he conducted a general store until 1889, meeting with creditable success and through the four succeeding years he was postmaster at the town. Ile and his wife still reside here and he is now living retired. Bert C. Preston, having acquired his prelininary education in the common schools of Armada, continued his studies in the high school, from which he was graduated with the class of 1878. Later he pursued a two years' course in law at the Michigan State University, at Ann Arbor, from which he was graduated with the class of 1881. Opening an office for practice in Armada he was thus identified with the legal fraternity of Macomb county until 1885, when he established the private bank of Bert C. Preston, conducting the same as its proprietor until 1901, when he organized the Armada Savings Bank, a state bank capitalized for twenty-five thousand dollars. lie has continuously been at the head of this institution as its president. IIe inaugurated a safe, conservative policy that has commended the institution to the confidence and support of the general public, and his ventures as a banker have been attended with gratifying success. Not to this enterprise alone, however, has Mr. Preston directed his efforts. He owns a farm of sixty acres in Berlin township, St. Clair county, and he platted an addition to the village of Armada, known as "Preston's addition," which contains twenty-four lots. Iie is likewise a stockholder in the United States Savings Bank, at Detroit, which is capitalized for one hundred and fifty thousand dollars and is a stockholder in the Port Huron Engine & Thresher Company and the Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Company. He gives personal supervision to his varied interests and investments and in business circles is well known for his sound judgment and wise counsel, which have proved a stiiiulus to many successful enterprises. In matters of citizenship, equally practical and helpful, he served as township clerk for a year, beginning in 1882, and was township treasurer from 1888 until 1890. lIe was village treasurer in 1886 and again in 1900, and has performed each public service with the utmost fidelity and dispatch. In politics he is an independent republican, but while he has held some local offices he could never be called a politician in the sense of office-seeking. On the 24th of September, 1883, Mr. Preston was married in Biddeford, Maine, to Miss Belle Bliss, a daughter of Wallace and Louise Bliss. Both Mr. and Mrs. Preston are members of the Armada Congregational church and he has membership relations with lIarmony lodge, No. 143, F. & A. AM., the Indepndeent Order of Foresters and the Knights of Modern Maccabees. Endowed by nature with a strong character he has developed and strengthened his latent powers, becoming a successful business man, and yet his interests are not so self-centered that he excludes co-operation with measures for the general good, nor assistance to those who have claim upon the sympathies and aid of their fellowmen. ANDREW T. DONALDSON. Honored and respected by all, there is no man in Mount Clemens who occupies a more prominent or enviable position than A. T. Donaldson, for the extent of his business interests gives him pre-eminence in this direction. His position, however, is due not alone to his prosperity, but results from his probity and the honorable, straightforward business policy he has ever followed. He has risen from the ranks, with no outside aid or advantages to assist him, and through the inherent force of his own character, his recognition and utilization of opportunity and above all his unremitting industry, he stands to-day a leader among men in his adopted city. His life is an exemplification of the term, the "dignity of labor." Mr. Donaldson is a native of the north of Ireland, born September 20, 1843, his parents being James and Isabella (True) Donaldson, of Scotch descent. The father came with his family to Mount Clemens in the spring of 1844 and here he was first engaged on the construction of the old Clinton and Kalamazoo canal. He afterward followed his trade of blacksmithing. In the family were seven children, four of whom are yet living: Andrew T., William S., Sarah and Belle. The last named is the wife of George Longstaff, of Mount Clemens. The old homestead, where they were reared, is still in possession of the family. Andrew T. Donaldson was only six nmonths old when his parents came to America, Inaking their way direct to Mount Clemens, where in the public schools he obtained his education. lie learned his trade-that of blacksmithing-in his father's shop, and when only fifteen years of age he entered ANDREW T. IDONALDSON. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 423 upon an independent business career in connection with his brother, W. S. Donaldson, who had just finished school. They opened a blacksmith shop under the firm name of DonaldsonBrothers, little thinking then that they would develop from it the largest industrial enterprise of the city. Their trade steadily grew as the two young men displayed their capability and willingness to work hard and steadily. The business relations between the brothers has since been maintained most harmoniously and in any business enterprise in which one becomes connected the other is also found as a stockholder. As their blacksmithing patronage grew and their capital was thereby enlarged, the brothers purchased property adjacent to their shop at East and Front streets and eventually extended the scope of their labors. In 1868 they erected a large shop to replace their first primitive structure and began the manufacture of wagons, buggies and sleighs. The business grew so rapidly during the next three years that in 1871 the firm erected a splendid foundry in order to enable it to make all of its own castings. With the foundry in operation the firm branched out into the manufacture of agricultural implements and the growth of the business necessitated the building of a new foundry in 1875. In 1883 the most pretentious addition, as yet, was made, it being a three-story building extending along both Front and Eighth streets. In 1890 a wood-working and machine shop was added, and since that year the firm has been constantly adding storerooms and enlarging its different departments, yet even this has not been sufficient and storage departments have been secured elsewhere. To-day the firm manufactures wagons, buggies, sleighs and various kinds of agricultural implements and is quick to adopt a new device which the inventor brings to them, if it gives promise of practical utility and seems to be a marketable commlodity. So many are the kinds of manufacturing done that the works are kept constantly in operation and one hundred and twenty-five men are employed throughout the year. A. T. Donaldson has charge of the manufacturing interests of the business while his brother superintends the office work, and each gives to the business his personal supervision, being thoroughly familiar with every branch, both in principle and detail. In the early days they superintended personally all the work that went out, turning out nothing that was not first class, and they soon gained an enviable reputation for the durability and wearing qualities of all their products. This reputation has always been maintained and to-day theirs is the leading productive industry of the city. Mr. Donaldson has also given his time and financial assistance to the furtherance of many other enterprises here. He assisted in organizing the Macomb Sugar Company and has served as its president. He was one of the leaders in the organization of the Mount Clemens chamber of commerce and also one of the organizers of the Mount Clemens Electric Light Company. He is perhaps best known, aside from his manufacturing interests, as the president of the Citizens Savings Bank. Early in 1900 Milo N. Davis, ex-county clerk, became convinced that there was a good opening for a new bank in this city, and, interesting a number of business men in the enterprise, the Citizens Savings Bank sprang into existence, capitalized for fifty thousand dollars. The stock found ready sale and was divided among fifty subscribers. Nearly all of the orignal stockholders have retained their holdings, and there have been few transfers of securities. The capital now stands at fifty thousand dollars and the undivided profits at ten thousand dollars. At the first meeting of the stockholders the following directors were chosen: A. T. Donaldson, George II. Nichols, T. W. Newton, M. W. Davis, W. F. Nank, W. S. Donaldson, Joseph Matthews, J. S. Paganetti and A. P. Grim, and the directors elected the following officers: A. T. Donaldson, president; George II. Nichols, vice-president; Thomas W. Newton, second vice-president, and Milo N,. Davis, cashier. The bank opened its doors for business May 31, 1900, in the building which it still occupies, in a prominent block on Macomb street. The institution has been a financial success from the start and has constantly found favor among the business interests of the city, a safe, conservative policy having been established and always maintained. Aside from business interests Mr. Donaldson has also been a factor in the city's development and progress. He has served as alderman and for four terms has been mayor of Mount Clemens, giving to the city a public-spirited and progressive administration, in which many needed reforms and improvemients were instituted. He has also been elected a member of the school board until his service in that office covers a quarter of a century and he has been instrumental in 424 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY building various school buildings in Mount Clemens, also in securing the Carnegie library and promoting other movements which have added materially to the progress of the city. A feature of his life no less strongly marked is his interest in his church. He is a trustee of the Presbyterian church and is active in many lines of its work. In 1865 he was made a Mason in Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., and he belongs to Chapter No. 69, R. A. M.; Council No. 8, R. & S. M.; Damascus Commandery, No. 212, K. T., of Detroit; and the Mystic Shrine. IIe likewise holds membership with the Maccabees and the Foresters. On the 9th of November, 1869, Mr. Donaldson was married to Miss Olive Dixon, a daughter of Silas Dixon, of that city, and their children are: Meta; Henry S., who is employed in the office of Donaldson Brothers; and Robert, deceased. Such in brief is the history of Mr. Donaldson, who has spent almost his entire life in Mount Clemens, but the outline merely suggests the early years of struggle in the business world, the utilization of his increased income in later years, and the careful handling of his resources. Ite has prospered until his name is a familiar one in trade circles throughout the country, and all who have had dealings with him regard the name as a synonym of business integrity, but it is in his home town where his position is most enviable, for here he has won warm friendships and the high regard of young and old, rich and poor. SPENCER J. DALBY. Spencer J. Dalby, one of the partners in the Lakeside Ice & Coal Company of Mount Clemens, was born in London, Canada, October 16, 1862, and is a son of George Dalby. The father was a native of England and by occupation a bookkeeper. On coming to the new world he settled in Canada and in 1864 he removed to Mount Clemens, where he spent his remaining days, his death occurring in 1882. In the family were ten children, all of whom are yet living, namely: Mrs. Rhoda Jacobi, Spencer J., George, Mrs. Isabella Roskopp, Arthur, Mrs. Fannie Schute, Mrs. Anna Munneley, Walter, Fred and Harry. The mother of this large family is living and resides in this city. Spencer J. Dalby was only two years old when brought by his parents to Mount Clemens, and in the public schools of this city he acquired his education. When about twenty-one years of age he started out in life for himself and was employed in the mills. Later he worked for Jacob Shooke, of Mount Clemens, in a feed and grain store, there remaining from 1883 to 1887. Subsequently, in connection with Henry Phries, he purchased his former employer's business, the relation being maintained until the death of his partner about nine months later. Fred Reyinolds then purchased Mr. Phries' interest and was connected with Mr. Dalby until 1890, when the latter became sole proprietor, continuing until 1895, when he sold out to John Gatz. In that year he was called to public office, being elected city clerk, in which position he remained as the incumbent through three successive years. He was also justice of the peace for a term of four years and proved a capital officer. He is now serving his third year as a member of the board of public works, being chairman of the committee on sewers. In 1897 Mr. Dalby embarked in the ice business in connection with A. F. Sarns, which relationship still exists. They carried on the business for a time under the name of the Lakeside Ice Company and then purchased the business of Benjamin Lema, a dealer in coal, wood and builders' supplies, in December, 1904. The two business enterprises were then consolidated under the name of the Lakeside Ice & Coal Company, and Mr. Dalby is now active in the mnanagement of the business, which has grown to extensive proportions. Hie is also connected with the furniture storage business and his nalme is a strong one in commercial circles in Mount Clemens. On the 22nd of August, 1887, occurred the marriage of Dr. Dalby and Miss Nellie Ferrin, a native of Mount Clemens and a daughter of Samuel Ferrin. They have four children: Margaret, Nellie, Alice and Mildred. Mr. Dalby is a member of the Masonic lodge, No. 6, at Mount Clemens, and is also connected with the Maccabees. lie was likewise a charter member of the Mount Clemens fire department, of which he served as captain for eight years, and with the Mount Clemens Club he still holds membership. Almost his entire life has been spent in this city and he has grown with its business development, keeping in touch with the ideas of modern commnercial progress. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 425 lie is now the owner of a leading commercial enterprise here and his business career, bearing the light of close investigation and scrutiny, serves to prove what can be acconmplished through determination and earnest purpose. BTlTRTON (ODG)(IES, M. D). D)r. Burton Hodges, engaged in the practice of medicine in Armlada, was born July 23, 1872, at Ogden, Michigan, and is a representative of one of the old families of the state. this paternal grandfather, Israel Hodges, was born near Rochester, New York, and was of English lineage. IHe followed the occupation of farming and came to Michigan about 1842, spending his remaining days here. Ile died in 1895), and his wife also passed away the same year. (f their children, Byron is the father of our subject. Addison was a private in a Mlichigan regiment during the Civil war and is now in the government service in Washington. James is a farmer of Ogden, M1ichigan. Saphrona is the wife of James Lewis, a farmer, of Perrington, Gratiot colunty, Michigan. Sarah is the wife of Josiah A1 -wood, a minister of the United Brethren church of Morenci, MAichigan. Alnma is the wife of Luther Fry, a farmer of Ogden, lichigan. Byron Hodges was born in Hillsdale, Michigan, and pursued his literary education in the academy at Adrian. IIe took up the study of medicine in the old 'lichigan College of Medicine in Detroit and was graduated therefrom in 1887 and is now practicing at Taylor Center in this state. IIe wedded Mliss Melissa Smith, and of their children Dr. Burton Hodges is the eldest, the others being: Roy W., a graduate of the Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery at Detroit and now a practicing physician at Brighton, Michigan; I)exie, the wife of Carson Long, a farmer, of Taylor Cellter, Michigan; and Levern. at home. Dr. Burton Hodges obtained his literary education in the district schools and afterward continued his studies at Taylor Center and in the Wyandotte high school. Determining to enter the medical profession as a source of livelihood he pursued a course of study in the Michigan College of Medicine and Surgery, from which he was graduated with the class of 1894. Ile afterward, in 1900, pursued a post-graduate course in the New York Post-(:raiduate School and HosiE, c u1,,,~T, pital but had entered upon practice in Armnada in June, 1894. Here he has since remained, enjoying a constantly growing patronage, and he is a member of the Wayne County Medical Society and the Michigan State Medical Society. A general practitioner, he has a wide and accurate knowledge of the principles of medicine in its various departments and in his field of labor has demonstrated his ability to successfully cope with the intricate problems which continually confront the physician. -le taught school for one year, but has made the practice of medicine his real life work, and is to-day a well-informed physician, who has attained creditable success in his chosen field of endeavor. In 1895 Dr. Hodges was united in marriage to Miss Eva E. Armstrong, a daughter of Gilbert and Emma E. Armstrong. She was born in Armada township June 12, 1876, her father, a farmer by occupation, having been one of the early settlers of that locality. lie died in 1879 and his widow has since become the wife of 11. C. Aldrich, who is a dealer in hay and produce in Armada. lMrs. Iodges obtained her education in the public schools of Armada. She belongs to the Congregational church and to the Order of Eastern Star, Dr. Hodges being a member of Iarmony lodge, A. F. & A. M., and is also identified with the Masonic chapter at Romeo and the Odd Fellows' lodge of Armada, with the Maccabees, the Foresters and the MIodern Woodmen of America. He is yet a young man, but has attained a position of prominence in his profession that many an older practitioner might well envy, and he is popular socially as well. JUt)SON S. CARLETON. Judson S. Carleton, who follows farming on section 36, Washington township, was born May 4, 1848, in the township where he still resides. His father, John Carleton, came west to Michigan when a young nan and opened up the farm where the son now resides. The remainder of his life was devoted to general agricultural pursuits and he passed away in March, 1875. His wife, whom he married in this county, bore the maiden name of Minerva Preston and was born in Monroe county, New York, August 22, 1822. Following the death of her first husband she was married again. In the family were two children, the brother of our 426 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY subject being Rantsford Carleton, of Oakland county, Michigan. Judson S. Carleton was reared to manhood upon the home farm, working in the fields when not occupied with the duties of the schoolroom, and rendering valuable assistance in the labor of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. After attaining his majority he assumed the management of the home farm and eventually he succeeded to the ownership of the old home place and cared for his mother during her declining years. He has added to and repaired the house and has kept everything about his place in good condition. He raises Guernsey cattle and Shropshire sheep as well as various cereals, and the products of his farm -both grain and stock-command a good market price. He is energetic and resolute in business, straightforward in all transactions, and is meeting with a fair measure of success in the operation of his land, which comprises fifty acres on section 36, Washington township. On the 1st of November, 1876, in Shelby township, Mr. Carleton was married to Miss Marion Tucker, who was born in Vermont but spent her girlhood days in Macomb county. She died December 1, 1904, leaving a (laughter, Mabel, who was born January 25, 1890, and is at home, studying music. They lost an infant son. MIr. Carleton belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church, of which is wife was also a member, and his political views accord with the principles of the republican party. Ile is a member of the district school board, also a member of the grange, and is interested in all that pertains to progressive agriculture, while in his business career he has demonstrated the power of enterprise, determination and laudable ambition. MAJOR ALONZO MAERRILL KEELER. Major Alonzo Merrill Keeler, whose fellow townsmen speak of him in terms of high commendation, knowing that his life has ever been an exemplification of sterling traits of character, was born in Washington, Macomb county, September 4, 1826. His father, John Keeler, was born near Rochester, New York, in 1802, and was a son of Ezra Keeler, a native of Connecticut, who removed to Monroe county, New York, where he followed farming. John Keeler was married to Miss Maria Fellows, a na tive of Schoharie county, New York. On the 8th of June, 1826, he arrived in Michigan, settling on land which he had entered the year previous at Washington, Macomb county. There he made his home until 1850, engaging in general farming, after which he removed to Disco, where he purchased a farm. Several years later he sold his farm in Washington and for many years remained at Disco. Following his retirement to private life he resided in Richmond. He was a public-spirited and representative citizen and served his fellow townsmen as supervisor and in other local offices. His children were: Alonzo M.; John Milton, who died at the age of two years; Henry F., who was born September 8, 1830, and is living in Montrose, Colorado; John J., who was born March 16, 1833, and died October 15, 1852, at the age of nineteen years; Emma A., who was born in December, 1836, and died in 1892; Ezra, who was born January 7, 1840, and is an attorney at Denver, Colorado; Maria MI., who was born September 21, 1844, and became the wife of A. Lemuel Kingsbury, leaving five children at her death, which occurred March 10, 1878; and Martin C., who was born November 9, 1848, and died November 29, 1883. Major Keeler obtained his elementary education in the public schools and continued his studies in the academy at Rochester, Michigan, where he prepared for college. He then entered Oberlin College, in Ohio, but owing to failing eyesight caused by hard study, he had to abandon his college course and, returning home, began teaching. He taught for five years at Disco, ending in 1855, and he then became candidate for senator on the democratic ticket but was defeated. For a year thereafter he taught school at Rochester, then at Disco for a year, afterward at Utica, Michigan, for two years, and later he returned to Utica as a teacher. His business interests, however, were interrupted by his enlistment as a member of Company B, Twenty-second Michigan Infantry. He was chosen captain of the company under Colonel Moses Wisner, ex-governor of Michigan, and after being mustered in at Pontiac on the 28th of August, 1862, went to Cincinnati on the 4th of September-the 36th anniversary of his birth. The regiment had no ammunition, but they were drawn up in line there. They remained at Covington, just across the river from Cincinnati, until the 18th of September and then moved on to Lexington, where MAJOR AND MRS. A. M. KEELER MRS. JOHN KEELElR CHAUNCEY CHURCH JOHN KEELER MRS. CHAUNCEY CHURCH 0 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 43I they arrived on the 26th of October, 1862. In the following February they went twenty miles south and then to Crab Orchard, Kentucky, experiencing considerable trouble with parties who stole the army cattle. Later they went to Lexington, Kentucky, and remained at Nashville, Tennessee, until the 5th of September, 1863, guarding those places in order to keep transportation open that supplies might be taken to the troops engaged in the Chattanooga and Chickamauga campaigns. They arrived at Bridgeport Septelmber 13th. After a week they were ordered to proceed to Chiekamauga, the regiment being under command of Colonel Heberlee LeFevre and Lieutenant Colonel William Sanborn. Major Henry S. Dean was left at Nashville, on General William Granges' staff, and Mr. Keeler, being the ranking captain, acted as major. On the 19th of September they made a tour of investigation to determine the movements of General Breckenridge and his brigade, but found they were going in an opposite direction, and the Twenty-second Michigan returned in time to take part in the battle of Chickalmauga, under collnmmland of General Steadman. The Eighty-ninth Ohio and the Twenty-second Michligan were joined to General Whittaker 's brigade and Colonel LeFevre was placed in command, while Colonel Sanborn commanded the Twenty-second Michigan. During the battle he was severely wounded and Major Keeler was placed in commland, occupying a position on Snodgrass Hill, where a nlonluenlt has since been erected by the state of Michigan to the Twentysecond regiment. They went into battle at 1 p. in. and being ordered forward received a terrible fire and were frightfully cut up. Falling back into line they were charged upon and made charges in return, keeping up this warfare until their amimunition was exhausted. The order came to hold the ground at all hazards, with the result that they took part in several bayonet charges, holding the ground until dark, when it was impossible to distinguish the enemy from their own imen. They were surrounded, the Twenty-second Michigan being the last to leave the line of battle. Five hundred and one men of that command entered the engagement and among those taken prisoners were one hundred and seventyeight men and fourteen officers, who were marched to Tunnel IIill, thence sent by train to Richmond, Virginia, and placed in Libby prison, September 30, 1863. Major Keeler remained there until May 17, 1864, when he and other soldiers were removed to Macon, Georgia, where they were incarcerated until July 27, 1864. Six hundred Union officers were placed under fire of Federal guns at Charleston, South Carolina, the major being amnong this number. He remained at Charleston until October 5, when owing to a yellow fever plague the guards refused to remain longer and they were removed to the country, remaining in the open camp until December 12, 1864. They were then taken back to Columbia, South Carolina, where they remained until February 14, 1865, when, owing to the advance of General Sherman's army, they were removed to Raleigh, North Carolina, and were then sent through the lines at Wilmington on the 1st of March, 1865, and paroled. MIajor Keeler and others were then taken to Annapolis, where they were granted a leave of absence and he returned home on a thirty days' furlough. He was exchanged May 6, 1865, and on the 15th of the same month joined his regiment at Chattanooga, while on the 26th of June he was mustered out, with the rank of major, receiving two brevets for meritorious service. Major Keeler then returned to his old homne in MIichigan and in 1865 was appointed collector of internal revenue for his district. He held the office for a year and then refused to support President Johnson's policy of reconstruction. He next taught school for a year, after which he became register of deeds, in 1868, and, following his election, removed to Mount Clemens. During his term of service he Inade an abstract of titles, this being the first work of the kind done in the county. In 1870 he was defeated, but in 1872 was again elected, serving until January 1, 1875. The vote was contested, but the major won. On the 1st of April, 1875, he removed to Richmond and in 1876 he began teaching in Armada, where he was identified with educational work for nine years. He has since devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits. He was the first president of the village council of Richmond, and is now the county agent of the state board of corrections and charities. H e has also taken a deep and helpful interest in public affairs and for twenty-five years has served on the school board. On the 31st of December, 1849, Major Keeler was married to Lucy Ann Church, a native of Chittenden county, Vermont, 432 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY and a daughter of Chauncey and Laura (Martin) Church, the former also a native of the Green Mountain state. The grandfather, Asa Church, was a native of Mansfield, Connecticut, born in 1756, and represented an old colonial family. He married Julia Humphrey, who was born in Winchester, New Hampshire, in 1772. Chauncey Church became a resident of Michigan. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Keeler have been born the following named: A. Martin, who is now in the roofing business in Mount Clemens; Flora L., the wife of M3. R. Little, of Mount Clemens; John C., also of that city; Ezra Bruce, a physician, of Detroit, Michigan; Ella B., the wife of Charles F. Wheeler, of Richmond; and Henry A., who is living on the home farm. Mr. and Mrs. Keeler have celebrated their fifty-fifth wedding anniversary and both are enjoying excellent health. He is one of the charter members of the Pioneer Society of the county. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the Royal Arch degree, and is also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, serving as commander for several years of H. C. Beek Post. The life record of Major Keeler is one which will bear the closest scrutiny and investigation, for whether in a public or private relation, in civic or military service, he has always been found faithful to the trust reposed in him and enjoys in high degree the friendship of his fellowmen. WILLIAM D. BEGROW. William D. Begrow, who is a prominent business man of Macomb county, having been actively engaged in merchandising in Meade for twenty years, was born in Waldenburg, this county, November 27, 1858. His father, David Begrow, was a native or Prussia, in which country he grew to mature years, and when a young man he sought a home in the new world, locating first in the Empire state. Hle was there married to Miss Christina Steinbring, a native of Germany. On leaving New York Mr. Begrow came westward to Michigan and cast in his lot with the early settlers of Macomb county, making his home in Waldenburg. He was a mechanic by trade and opened a shop, carrying on a blacksmithing and repairing business. At a later day, however, he removed to the farm upon which he reared his family. His death occurred about 1898, his wife surviving him for some time. William D. Begrow was reared to manhood in this county and is indebted to the public school system for the educational privileges he enjoyed. Ile remained with his father until grown, and then engaged in business in Meade, purchasing a general store. He has added to the stock from year to year until he now has a large and wellequipped store, carrying an extensive line of general merchandise. IHe later established a furniture store just across the street, this being in 1899. IHe has a cold storage for butter and eggs and handles a considerable amount of farm products. His business interests are capably and carefully conducted and his precision and enterprise have been salient features of his success. In addition to his mercantile interests he has served as postmaster for a number of years, having first been appointed to the office in 1884. Mr. Begrow was married in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1889, to Miss Delia Moyers, who was born in Romeo, Michigan, and was reared and educated in Memphis. Her parents were George and Caroline Moyers. The father is now deceased, but the mother resides with Mrs. Begrow. Unto our subject and his wife have been born three children: W. Earl, F. Mae and Harold M. The family home is an attractive residence, which is situated just across the street from the store. The house is surrounded by a well-kept lawn, ornamented with pine, cedar and other shade trees. Beautiful ffowers also lend color to the scene and the place is one of the attractive residences of Meade. Politically Mr. Begrow is a republican, unfaltering in his allegiance to the party, though without political aspiration for himself. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity at Mount Clemens and to the I. 0. F., a fraternal insurance organization. He is a man of good business capacity, neglecting no detail of his mercantile enterprise, careful, prudent and reliable. His trade is now extensive and he enjoys the good will and confidence of a large patronage. RANSOM FRANKLIN ODION. Ransom Franklin Odion, many years a resident of Macomb county, born in Bethany, Genesee county, New York, in 1834, the fourth child of Ebenezer and Lucretia (Fillmore) Odion. The family emigrated to PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 433 Michigan later and took up their abode on a farm in Richmond township, Macomb county. Mr. Odion married Emma Hall, a daughter of Daniel Hall, an early pioneer. A natural inclination led him into the study of architecture and building. Moving to Romeo in 1868, Mr. Odion entered upon active duty in his chosen vocation and many substantial and comfortable dwellings of his design adorn the beautiful village. He often expresses that "fire seems not willing to destroy my labor." The handsome home of M. I. Brabb, the Alden Giddings residence and those known as the Charles Tackels, C. M. Tackels, J. N. Mellen residences and the Farnum mansion in Almont are among Mr. Odion's efforts in the years of his toil. In 1877 he entered upon the contract for erecting the First Congregational church, the handsome and commodious gothic edifice on Main street, completing the work to the entire satisfaction of the people of Romeo. Domestic in taste, with a natural liking for gardening, in later years he has devoted some time to the study of agriculture and pomology. Mr. Odion has ever diligently read of public affairs and enjoys the companionship of studious people. A trip to Colorado and one to California following his active mechanical career gives him a wide range for meditation and study, never tiring of relating his experiences on the early trip over the mountain roads to Leadville. Mr. Odion has two living children: Will B., of Van Wert, Ohio, a newspaper man; and Fred Newell Odion, of Chicago. PRESTON M. BENTLEY. Preston M. Bentley, who is extensively engaged in general farming and stock-raising, owning a farm of one hundred and twenty acres in Ray township, and forty acres in Shelby township, and who also operates an adjoining farm, has for more than half a century been a resident of Michigan. He was born in Ontario county, New York, near the city of Rochester, September 1, 1851, representing one of the old families of that state. His grandfather, Preston Bentley, Sr., was also a native of the Empire state, where he was reared and married. His son. Perry M. Bentley, was born in New York in 1819 and there wedded Miss Mary Reed, who was a native of Ontario county. He engaged in merchandising for a few years at Allens Hill, New York, and two children were born unto them during their residence there. In 1852 Mr. Bentley brought his family to Michigan, making a permanent location in Macomb county. He bought land in Macomb township, where his son, Preston M1. Bentley, now resides, and there he cleared and cultivated eighty acres of land, to which tract he afterward added by purchase until he owned three hundred acres and was recognized as one of the prosperous farmers of the community. His business interests were always conducted with justice and fairness and in the legitimate channels of trade he won his competence. His death occurred on the old homestead in February, 1898, and his wife passed away in July, 1893. In their family were two sons and three daughters who reached adult age, of whom three are living: Preston M.; Ada and Carrie, of Romeo. One brother, Frank R., was married and located in this county, but afterward removed to Muskegon, Michigan, where he lived until he met death by accident, January 7, 1904. Preston M. Bentley was reared in Macomb county and in his school days also assisted in the work of the home farm, gaining the practical experience which later enabled him to take charge of the farm and care for his parents in their declining years. He was married in Macomb township, in 1869, to Miss Mary A. Longstaff, a native of the same township and a daughter of Richard Longstaff, one of the early settlers of Michigan, who came here from England. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Bentley are five children: Bertha, the wife of George Wears, of Davis, Michigan; Mamie, the wife of Frank Gass, a farmer, of Ray township; Lou, Docia and Richard, at home. The family have a pleasant home on section 6, Macomb township, and in addition to operating his own place, Mr. Bentley cultivates his sister's land, which adjoins his own place. He has just completed a large barn, one of the best in Ray township, and in addition to the tilling of the soil he raises considerable stock, making a specialty of shorthorn Durham cattle and high-grade Merino and Shropshire sheep, which he feeds and fattens for the market. He also sells a large number of hogs and cattle each year and his stock-dealing interests are a profitable source of investment. Politically, Mr. Bentley is a republican, but has never sought nor cared for office. He belongs to the Maccabees and the Gleaners, fraternal insurance orders. He is interested in 434 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY all matters of progressive citizenship and his co-operation can be counted upon to further any movement for general advancement in the county where he has lived for more than half a century. He takes great pride in what has been accomplished here, and may well be numbered among the pioneers whose labors have been simultaneously profitable to themselves and beneficial to the county. FRANZ C. KUHN. Among Mount Clemens' business and professional men none are more closely identified with the growth and best interests of the city and state than Franz C Kuhn, who for thirty-one years has made his home in Macomb county. Throughout this period he has been known for his sterling qualities, his fearless loyalty to his honest convictions, his sturdy opposition to misrule in municipal, state and national affairs, and his clear-headedness, discretion and tact as manager and leader. His career at the bar has been one of the greatest honor and he has given some of the best efforts of his life to the purification and elevation of the city and county government through his service as prosecuting attorney. He is now probate judge of his county and a recognized factor in republican circles of the state. Mr. Kuhn was born in the city of Detroit, February 8, 1872, a son of John Kuhn, who removed to Mount Clemens during the early boyhood of Franz and became a dry-goods merchant of the latter city. Franz C. Kuhn attended the public schools until he had completed the high school course by graduation in June, 1889, and in the succeeding autumn he matriculated in the literary department of the University of Michigan. As a young man he was greatly interested in outdoor sports and was one of those prominent in the organization of the Mount Clemens Light Infantry. During his senior year as a student in the literary department of the university he entered upon the study of law, and after receiving the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1893, he entered the law department and in 1894 the degree of Bachelor of Law was conferred upon him. At the University of Michigan he was a member of the Phi Delta Phi fraternity; was business manager of the "Castalian," published by the "'93 lits. Independents"; and assistant business manager of "To-Wit," published by the " '94 laws." It was while attending the university that Mr. Kuhn entered upon his political career. He assisted in the organization of the National League of College Republican Clubs there and was a delegate from the University of Michigan to the fifth annual convention of the Republican League of the United States, held at Buffalo, New York, September 15, 1892. It was at Buffalo, in 1892, that he met the late President McKinley for the first time. He was also a delegate to the third annual convention of the American Republican College League, held in Syracuse, New York, April 6, 1894. That year he was appointed by President Theodore Cox, of New York, department chairman of the league for the states of Michigan and Ohio. Notwithstanding his political labors, Mr. Kuhn was a diligent student while attending the university and completed his college work with much credit. He was also prominent in social circles in Ann Arbor and made friendships which have continued through all the intervening years. His subsequent political career in Michigan has been largely brought about by his labors for the cause of republicanism at the university and the friendships and acquaintances he made while there. On leaving the university Mr. Kuhn entered upon the practice of law in Detroit, opening an office in the Home Bank building. In the fall of that year (1894) he was nominated by the republicans of Macomb county for the office of circuit court commissioner. That was the year of the great republican landslide and the entire republican ticket was elected. He was a Pingree man when the Detroit mayor aspired to the governor's chair and was among those who were instrumental in getting Macomb county's delegation for him. Mr. Kuhn was nominated for prosecuting attorney at Utica, September 26, 1898, and was elected by a majority of six hundred and ninety-one. He was nominated for a second term September 25, 1900, and on the 9th of September, 1902, came his third nomination for that office, to which he was elected by a majority of three hundred and fifty-eight, over B. S. Wright. Perhaps the greatest case tried during his incumbency was the famous Bliss murder case. Young Bliss shot his father, June 24, 1901, and was arrested. He told several stories, but finally said that the affair was a suicide on the part of his father. It was a hard fought case and one based largely on circumstantial evidence, re FRANZ C. KUHN. I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 437 suiting in the conviction of murder in the second degree, for which Bliss was sentenced for life to the Jackson pentitentiary. In March, 1900, Hal I-. Smith, then president of the Republican State League of Michigan, appointed Mr. Kuhn a member of the advisory council of the league for the seventh district. This appointment marked the beginning of his rapid rise in state politics. HIe was a delegate to every state convention from that time on and was looked upon as one prominent in the councils of the party. On the 2d of February, 1901, he was elected secretary of the Republican State League of Michigan, and was elected its vice president the following year. In January, 1902, he was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the United States. At the judicial convention held at Grand Rapids, September 25, 1902, Mr. Kuhn led the Maconb delegation in favor of the endorsement of General R. A. Alger for United States senator. A resolution was presented to the convention to that effect and adopted. Oni February 10, 1903, at Grand Rapids, he was elected president of the Republican State League of MIichigan. Before he would accept this position he declared he could not think of accepting it unless the platform adopted by the league favored a primary election law. During all the time that he was an officer of the league that organization fought gallantly to obtain the passage of this primary law. When he was vice president, in company with President Fenton and others of the primary election committee of the league, he appeared before the committee in the legislature and argued in its favor. The meetings of the advisory council discussed little else but primary reform and a fund was established and literature and speakers furnished to spread the doctrine of purer politics. In August, 1903, Mr. Kuhn was offered the position of special counsel of the bureau of corporations in Washington, but declined the offer. In the spring of 1904 as a member of the executive committee he went to Jackson to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the republican party. The judicial convention, nominating three judges for the bench, was held in Saginaw, September 8, 1904, and Mr. Kuhn was an ardent advocate of Mr. Blair, for whom he secured the support of his county. On the 12th of September, 1904, at Warren, he was nominated by acclamation for the office of judge of probate and was elected by a ma jority of three hundred and forty over Seth W. Knight. In 1905 he was tendered the position of reading clerk in the United States senate, offered by Senator Alger, but he declined the honor, giving as his reason that he preferred to remain in Mount Clemens and discharge the duties of the office to which he had been recently elected by his many friends in Macomb county. Judge Kuhn is a member of many fraternal organizations in Mount Clemens and is at present president of the Mount Clemens Club and secretary of the Mount Clemens Hotel and Bath House Association. For several years he was chancellor commander of the Knights of Pythias and the building up of this lodge was greatly due to his energy. Not free from the attack to which all men of political prominence are subject, Mr. Kuhn nevertheless has the respect of the vast majority of the people of his state even though they differ from him in opinion, and while never swerving in the slightest degree from a position which he believes to be right, he is never abusive in his treatment of an opponent and the consensus of public opinion ranks himn with the men of strong and honorable purpose who are working for purity and principles in politics HERAMAN J. SLATING. Ilerman J. Slating stands for progress in all departments of agricultural, life and in community interests as well, and is now actively engaged in general farming on section 8, Lenox township. The old Slating homestead on section 7 is the place of his birth, which occurred on the 4th of November, 1869, his parents being Charles and Henrietta (Knust) Slating, natives of Germany. The father was born in Mechlenberg, Germany, in 1828, and came to Macomb county in 1864, settling in Lenox township, where he purchased the Chapoton farm. Clearing the land he made all of the improvemnents upon the place and in the early days experienced the usual trials and difficulties which fall to the lot of the frontier settler who plants his home in the midst of the forest. IHe still carries on general farming and since establishing his home in this township he has added to his original possessions, becoming owner of the homestead upon which the son Herman now resides. He is a member of the German Lutheran church of Omo and is well known as a respected and worthy 438 PAST AND PRESENT OF MIACOMB COUNTY citizen of his community. In his family were three children: Louise, now the wife of Robert Baumgartner; Ierman J.; and Edward, who is married and is living with his father. Herman J. Slating is indebted to the district school system of his native county for the educational privileges he enjoyed. He was reared to farm labor and remained upon the farm with his father until twenty-eight years of age, when he took charge of the farm upon which he now resides and upon which he has made nearly all of the improvements. The place is well drainedl and the land is rich and productive. Ile erected a handsome residence and also a barn in 1898. He is now accounted one of the prosperous agriculturists of his community, devoting his time to the cultivation of the fields and care of the stock, and everything about his place is in keeping with the ideas of modern pro gress and improvement. In September, 1898, Mr. Slating was married to Miss Florence May Peters, a daughter of August and Dora (Hartway) Peters, of Lenox township. Her father is a native of Germany and became a resident of Wayne county, Michigan, in 1859, accolmpanying his parents on their emigration to the new world. He first settled in Wayne county and in 1890 removed to Lenox township, where he now resides, having still at home another daughter, Enmma B., and son, Arthur Clark. The latter is a concrete worker. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Slating has been born one child-Beulah MIay Bell, who was born January 3, 1903. The parents are members of the German Methodist Episcopal church of Orlo and are well known in the locality where they reside, having many warm friends who esteem them highly. WILLTIAM II. WELCH. William IT. Welch is an active, enterprising business man, now largely engaged in buying, feeding and shipping stock, to which business he has devoted his energies for a quarter of a century. HIe was born in Ontario, Canada, October 15, 1850, and is a son of Joseph Welch, who was born April 14, 1822, in Mountain township, Lower Canada, and was there reared and married. The lady of his choice was Miss M1ary McIntosh, who was born June 10, 1824, and was of Scotch-Irish parentage. Following their marriage Mr. Welch secured a farm in Ontario, where he carried on agricultulral pursuits for a number of years, and then removed to Michigan, settling in St. Clair county about 1860, while in 1865 he came to Mlacomb county. Here he purchased land, owning and operating one hundred and twenty acres in Washington township. For a number of years he successfully carried on farming, but the last ten years of his life were spent in honorable retiremlent frolil further labor in Romeo, dying there May 7, 1899. HIis wife survives him and lives in Romeo. In the family were seven children, two sons and five daughters: Solomon, who owns and operates a farm; -lannah, the wife of Lymran lall, of Washington township; Eliza, the wife of Nelson Hill, of Lansilng, Michigan; Elizabeth, the wife of John Iall, of North Branch township; Nancy, the wife of William Haines, of Toledo, Oregon; and Linda, the wife of Charles Casey of Romeo. Williaml II. Welch, the other member of the famiily, camne to Michigan when a lad of twelve years and was reared in Marion county. lTe came to Macomb county in 1865, but largely acquired his education in Marion county. Ile spent his boyhood and youth upon his father 's farm and assisted him in the cultivation of the fields until twenty-six years of age, when lie resolved to establish a home of his own and engage in active business ventures. Therefore, on the 7th of Deceliller, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Jennie C. Murray, a native of Canada, who was reared in this county. They began their domestic life upon a farm in Washington township, where they remained for a year and then removed to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where they resided for one year. On the expiration of that period Mr. Welch returned to his farnm, owning a tract of eighty-five acres of land, and in addition to the cultivation of the fields he has raised and fed stock. Iis business affairs have been carefully conducted and his labor has been a strong element in his success, while his diligence and keen sagacity have also figured in his prosperity. Ile moved to Romeo in October, 1904, when he purchased residence property, where he is now living. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Welch have been born four children: Linnie L., Wilhelmina, Harry A. and William Hazen, all under the parental roof. Politically Mr. Welch is a stalwart republican, but without political aspirations for himself. IHe belongs to the Masonic fraternity at Romeo, where he has taken the Royal Arch degrees and also became PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 439 a Knight Templar MIason. He likewise belongs to Mount Clemens Council, R. & S. M., and to the Mystic Shrine at Detroit, and with his wife and two daughters is a member of the Eastern Star, while he and his wife are likewise members of the Ancient Order of Maccabees. Mr. Welch is well known in Mount Clemens and Macomlb county, for his business relations have brought him in contact with many representatives of the farming community and also a large number of other citizens here. Ile stands high in public regard and in matters of citizenship it is known that he may always be found upon the side of progress and improvement. JACOB P. GOODELL. Jacob P. Goodell, a retired farmer living in the village of Armada, was born in Darien, sixteen miles from Buffalo, New York, in December, 1833, and is a son of John and Nabbie (Smith) Goodell. The former was a farmer by occupation and came to Michigan in 1836, settling in Ray township, Macoall county. HIe purchased land and with chalacteristic energy began the development of a good home for his family. He died December 5, 1902, having attained a ripe old age. His wife passed away in 1873. They brought with theim to this country four children. In their family were five sons, as follows: Shubel, who died in Richmond, but his widow is now living in Armada; John W., who married and left one child, the mother also being deceased; Josiah R., a, farmer who resides in Tuscola, near Fostoria, Michigan, and has one son and one daughter; Jacob P., of this review; and Lynian, who is living in Davidson, east of Flint, Michigan, where he follows farming. lie has three children, two sons and a daughter. Te served in the Civil war as wagonmaster in the Eighth Michigan Cavalry. Jacob P. Goodell began his education in a log schoolhouse, sitting on slab seats. The students who were large enough to write had boards placed in front of them to serve as desks. Later Mr. Goodell attended a school held in a frame building, but his educational privileges were somewhat limited, although experience, observation and reading have added largely to his knowledge. In early manhood he worked at the carpenter's trade for seven or eight years and then put aside his tools in order to shoulder the rifle and become a defender of the Union cause. He enlisted on the 1st of November, 1862, in the Eighth Michigan Cavalry, as a private, and was mustered out on the 20th of January, 1863, in order that he might accept a promotion, andl on the 6th of June, 1864, was commissioned second lieutenant in Company H, Eighth Michigan Cavalry. On the 21st of the same month he was appointed to the rank of first lieutenant and when the war was over received an honorable discharge, being mustered out at Pulaski, Tennessee, July 20, 1865. Ile participated altogether in fifty-two skirimishes and battles and traveled twelve thousand miles during that time. For fifteen days he was within the Confederate lines, but eventually made his escape. His brother was also captured, but he bought the sergeant off and got back to the Union lines. Jacob P. Goodell was married in January, 1862, to Miss Hannah Lee, a daughter of William Lee, who was a resident of Ray township. There were two children of this marriage, Theda and Flora. The former is the wife of Charles Shoemaker, a farmer residing at Ferry, Michigan, and they have four children. Flora is the wife of Fred Chubb, a merchant of Berville, Michigan. In 1883 Mr. Goodell was called upon to mourn the loss of his first wife. Ile has since married Mrs. Hannah (Fulton) Bissell and they have one son, John, who is now eighteen years of age. By her first husband she had one son, Edwin Bissell, who is employed in the Cadillac Automobile Works, in Detroit, Michigan, and who is married and has a daughter.. Mrs. Goodell was born at Port Elusa, eleven miles from Niagara Falls, and is a daughter of Henry Clay and Margaret (Devereaux) Fulton. HIer father was a captain on the lakes and was said to be without a superior in the vocation which he chose as a life work. Ile died in 1889, while his wife passed away July 26, 1887. Mrs. Goodell was educated in the schools of Chatham and Chicago, and also in St. Catherines, Canada. In his political views Mr. Goodell is a democrat, having supported the party since attaining his majority. I-e has been a Mason for fifty-one years, having joined Macomb lodge more than a half century ago. He now belongs to Harmony lodge, No. 43, A. F. & A. M., and both he and his wife are members of the Eastern Star. He holds membership with the Grand Army of the Republic and his wife with the Woman's Relief Corps, and of the latter she is junior vice commander. She likewise belongs to the Congregational church. Both Mr. and Mrs. Goodell 440 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY have the high esteem of many friends and enjoy the favorable regard of all who know them. They now reside in the village of Armada, where they have a nice home, and he still owns his farm, comprising one hundred and twenty acres of valuable land. He has been very successful in his business career, for having started out in life without capital he is now in possession of a comfortable competence. Fromn the time of his return from the army until a very recent date he continuously and actively carried on agricultural pursuits and his enterprise and labor have proved the foundation upon which he builded his prosperity. When he became a resident of this locality the land was all covered with tiimber and only one man in all this part of the county owned horses. Pioneer conditions everywhere existed and the evidences of frontier life were seen in all homes, but as the years have advanced great changes have been wrought and the transfornation has made Macomb county one of the most highly improved in all this great commonwealth. IIENRY BENNETT. Henry Bennett, accounted one of the enterprising business men of Washington, who for a number of years has been active in public life as well as in private business interests, is now serving as township treasurer. a position which he has.occupied for the past four years. Ile was born in Macomb county, June 31, 1831, and is a son of Luther Bennett, a native of Ma.ssachusetts, in which state the father was reared. Ile was a mechanic and blacksmith by trade and in the year 1830 he came to the west, settling in Macomb county, Michigan, where he established a blacksmith and repair shop, this being the first of the kind in Washington. THe carried on business for a number of years and afterward bought and operated a small farm, which he conducted in connection with his blacksmithing. His last days were passed in this county and through a long period his upright life commended him to the confidence and esteem of all with whom he was associated. His early political support was given to the whig party and he afterward supported the republican party. His wife survived him for a number of years and reached the venerable age of almost ninety-five. She was born in Rutland, Vermont, and when nineteen years of age removed with her parents to New York state, where she married Luther Bennett. In their family were two sons and five daughters, who reached mature years, namely: Polly, who was married and lived in this county but is now deceased; Mrs. Rhoda Green, a widow, living in the village of Washington: Charles, who is retired and divides his time between Detroit and Washington, Michigan; Henry, of this review, and Jane L.. who resides upon the old homestead. Henry Bennett was reared upon his father's farm and is indebted to the schools of Washington for the early educational privileges lhe enjoyed. He afterward attended a select school taught by Professor Keeler at Disco. In his youth he learned the blacksmith's trade with his father and he and his brother Charles carried on business for a number of years. Later he turned his attention to the manufacture of fanning mills, in which business he continued for some years, or until about 1868. Later lhe engaged in farming. owning a fruit farm. near the town, on which he has a large and fine orchard, regarded as one of the best in the county. ile raises various kinds of fruits upon his place and his perseverance, combined with his untiring energy and strong determination, enable hill to meet with a gratifying Imeasure of success. IMr. Bennett was married first near Rochester in Monroe county, New York, to Miss Hannah D. Carman, a native of New York, who died in AMacomb county, Mlichigan. in 1864, leaving one son, Carman L. Bennett, a farmer of Washington township. Mr. Bennett was again married in the Empire state, his second union, however, occurringo in Orleans county, in 1868, at which date Susan L. Corbin became his wife. She, too, was born iand reared in New York. They have a dalughter. Ella IL. Bennett, now- Mrs. II. A. (Griffin, of Ann Arbor. Mr. Bennett proudly cast his first ballot for the candidates of the whig party and continued one of its supporters until its dissolution. when he joined the ranks of the new republican party, which he has since supported. IHe was elected and served as township treasurer and by reason of re-election is now filling the position for the second term. Ite has also been collector and has been a deleg(ate to various conventions. IHe keeps well informlled on the political questions and issues of the day and is recognized as a party leader in his community. Ilis wife is a member of the Universalist church and Mr. Bennett belongs to the Masonic fraternity, holding memlbership in Macomb lodge, No. 64, A. F. & A. M., of which he served as master for eighteen years and is now past master. He has also been its MR. AND MRS. HENRY BENNETT I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY43 443 represeittative to the ormnd lodoce for eighiteen vears. Ilie likewiise ibtlon 5s to Ronmeo chapter and counmandery and is not oniy a Knight Temphar MAlason bitt is also a, member of the IDetroit Tremiple of the \hfsti( Shrine, Ile sereved for one year as, lnoh jprlest of the chapter- and his opinionis are thorougly in aeeord wNith the teaehings and t(enets of the eraft. le is one of the fewN remaiming early settlers of the eonnty. Ilie has resided in the village of Washington for sevenity-fonr years, eovering- the greater part of his lifadhsnex tensive ae(lliaintaii(.c ]in the eonnty, where he is known ais a~ man of trust and responsibility. lie has, lived an exemplary life and has been auseful and publie-spirited eitizen. Few men have longer resided wi-thin the borders of this c~ounty than hac~s M~r. Bennett and he is well informned couierining its hinstory, while in pubIlie aff airs hie has aidcd ]in moldingy an11d shaping the destiny and purtpose of the, conntv. (lEORIiE C.ROBERiSON, Mf. D. troit \~elcadl College in the class of 1877 and enteredc upon piactice at Norris, now North ]Detr oit, but reiniain ci there for only a few- months, after w inch lie came to Utica, where she Itas since hived, being now the oldest lpraetition(ei here l~e has ninceh consultationl work 11n( 1)1,ictl(es iii the snrronncidii towns and couni~r xas well 'as in U-tica. Almost fironi the b'-oinnnwof his residence here his butsines~s has b~een of profita1)1le proportions and his labors have proven of nmueh benefit, to those, it need of p~rofessional services in 1his fline. lHe is 11now examnintili physician for thie Mfaccabees, the -New York Life Insurance Company, tlte Mlichig)~an Life Insurance Coinpanyv, the Providence ]Life, Insurance Coinpanv aitd the Savings L-ife Assurance Cornpally. lie b'elowl's to the Mate'omb Coutnty Mfedical Society, the Northeast ]District Mledical Society and thn MA lttaian State Mledical Society: aiic the proinumncne accordiecl hlim by lt-he medical frate nity is indlicated1 by the fact that hie haeIndh otfce( ut each of these. 1H+ Is also a mae,Alae of tihe boarcd of pen BIr. GJeorg)e (. tioberson, now tite oldest sineamiesand hie mamintains" an office p)1aetitioner of medicine in1 Utica, was horn his residence,awl at his store, for- in coitn Janu-ary '26, 1855,7 in Mount Clemens, and is, tioii with hIs medical. lIactice here hie is p a soii of Jacol) and Einaline (Charter) Roher- prietor of a (Iriug and ggrocery store in Uti soni, the former a native of New Jersey and Dr. Roberson was, married in1879 to IM the latter of Chautauqua county, Newv York. Clara Eames,, a daughAter of John and Ja Both were of Scotch lineaye, their ancestors (Lester) Eanies, the former a na~tive of C( having" conlic f rom the laud of the lulls and nectient aitc the latter of New York. the heather to America. When a young itan Eaines was of English lineage, while the IL Jacob Riobersoin moved to MAouiit Clemtens, ters, caine from. Iireiaud. Mrs. lioberson A), Milchigan. lie had pursued his education in educaited lin ~ticta aci in the highli school the schools of New Jersey and had there Annl Arkbor, Mlichiioanl m.Ild for two years si leairied the, miller's trade, which lie followed eessfullv engarged in t( elmujchng. By her nt, until Itis death. lie begait thte milling busi- riage site has beeoom( the miother of two som mes's lin Utieca Iii 1858 and was ideittified in Williaimi 13., borin Fbcriniry 21, 1881, i that manner with iutcustrial interests until graiduated from the Utica high school, t lie depar-ted this life iii 1874. HIls plaitt was 1)etroit high school and the University called thme Caital Mfills,-and is still. operated M~ichigan, anid is niow editor of the Associati by waer pw-er.his idowsurvives himi Jeweler. Edga,,r J. IRoberson, born Noventi aidtch imkes her home with her son George, 2 6, 1 882, i s a graduate of the Utica hi who is the eldest int the family of two soils school and Giutteless, Business College of I atud a daughter, bitt onme of thme soils died troit,and is a steitographer, being now e, in M\'ount Clemieits in his boyhood days. Thte ployed iin a. wholesale aitd retail establiQ daughter, Jenieuc is the wife of D. IL. Strongy, ment in Cltoteaut, MAlontania. At one time a jeweler of Flint, Michigan, aitchd they have \was private secretary for Senator Gibson a, (daughtter tweumty years of age. Great Falls, Montaita, and during that peni Dr. lRoberson continued his education in was in Washingtout D. C. the U~tica high s~chool and in the State Uni- Dr. Roberson has always been a stanch versity at Anti Arbor, Michigan, where he puiblicanl, and he belongs to the Maccabe( spent one year. Ilie afterward devoted two the Foresters and the M,\asonic lodges, beil years to stnmdy in the Detroit Medical Co'1ege iniaster of the last named. Both he and I and for one year was a, student in the ni- wife are connected with the Order of t] versity of Berlin,7 in G4erniany, being aTA oad Eastern Star, in which his wife is wort] inl 1893. Ile com~pleted his course in tII' De-utatron, and his,affiliation with the craft coy at cec)roica. ane anNUr. -esxas in mime Lar15: vas o0f ion bcr igh rinhe of od re-,es, rug his he hv"I 444 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ers a quarter of a century. They are both widely known here and the circle of their friends is almost co-extensive with the circle of their acquaintance. Dr Roberson stands high socially and professionally and with full realization of the responsibility that devolves upon him has kept in touch with the progress of the medical fraternity and thus continually promotes his efficiency. LUTIER C. BATES. Luther C. Bates, carrying on general agricultural pursuits, was born ill 1855 on the farm where he now resides in Lenox township, his parents being Daniel and Almira (Dryer) Bates. The father, the second of the twelve children of Ezra and Margaret Bates, was born in the state of New York in 1825 and came with his parents to Macomb county in 1835, the family home being established in Chesterfield township. When about eighteen years of age he began teaching and during the fifteen years which he devoted to that profession he was a teacher in the Bates, Atwood and New Haven schools. In the early '70s he was appointed school inspector, after which he gave up teaching and returned to his farm, which he had purchased in 1855, klnown as the Crandall farm in Lenox township, and on which his son Luther is now living. He cleared the land, mnaking all the improvements thereon, and soon a well developed property was the visible evidence of his life of thrift and diligence. In community affairs he was interested and active and he served as supervisor of Lenox township for eight or ten years. The mother, daughter of Thomas and Cleora Dryer, was born in 1830 and died in 1866, leaving two children, Luther C. and Florence K. (now Mrs. Pierson, of Hadley, Michigan). For his second wife the father chose Miss Jennette Haskin, a daughter of Hiram and Mary IHaskin of Macomb township. IIe died September 17, 1901, leaving a widow, who is now living on a part of the old homestead, and the son and daughter of the first marriage. Luther C. Bates was a student in the district schools in his boyhood days and remained on the home farm in his youth, taking full charge of it when twenty-one years of age and continuing its operation to the present time. He carries on general agricultural pursuits and the fields are now highly cultivated, while in their midst are substantial buildings and in the pastures are good grades of stock. In September, 1880, Mr. Bates married Miss Margaret Buckindail, a daughter of George and Sarah Buckindail, of Richmond township, who were natives of Canada and came to Macomb county about 1864, settling in Richmond township, where they spent their remaining days, the father dying in March, 1898, while his wife passed away in March, 1875. They had a family of eight children: Mrs. Emily Haar, of Lenox; Mrs. Bates; Joseph Henry and Michael, of Richmond: Mrs. Adeline Haar, of Richmond; Mrs. Phoeba Jackman, of Harbor Springs, Michigan; Mrs. Charles Nowlin, of Tuscola, Michigan:l and Mrs. Jane Peffers, of Harbor Beach, Huron county. The home of Mr. anld AIrs. Bates has been blessed with two dalughters, Nellie and Clara, who are with their parents on the home farlm which is a well-kept property, indicative ill its neat and thrifty appearance of the careful supervision of a pailnstalking and progiressive owner. JOHN MScKAY. John McKay, who has - beenl identified with the development of the lumber indlustir of Michigan and is now devoting his enerlgies to general aricultural prsuits on sectio3n 32, Richmond township, w\as born on Prinee Edward Island, June 14, 1839, a son of Donald and HIughina iMcKay, natives of the highlands of Scotland. The father wais born in Sutherlandshire in 1803 and in 1815 went to Prince Edward Island, where he lived until 1848, when he removed to Kent county, near Chatham, Ontario, Canada. There he carried on general farming until 1861, when he sold his property there and removed to Michigan, purchasing, in partnership with his son John, a farm in Maeomb county, and lived in Memphis. There he made his home until 1881, when he sold out and resided with his son in Richmond township until his death. ITe was a devoted member of the Presbyterian church and for many years served as one of its elders. After coming to Michigan, as there was no church organization of his denomination in his locality, he joined the Congregational church, of which he was all active member at the time of his demise, in August, 1882. His wife passed away a year later, at the age of seventy-seven. Of their family of nine children five are still living: PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 445 Catherine, the wife of Richard Hall, of London, Ontario; Martha, the wife of Thomas Htall, also of London; Jessie, the wife of Williaml Peake, of Chattanooga, Tennessee; Jane, the wife of William Weatherby, of Ionia, Michigan; and John. One son, Kenneth, enlisted il the Union army as a member of Company (G, Tenth Michigan Infantry, and saw soIme hard service. Hie was wounded and taken prisoner at Buzzard's Roost and sent to Andersonville, where he lingered in poor health for six months and then answered the last bugle call, his remains being interred outside the prison walls, his life being thus given ac sacrifice on the altar of his country. John McKay began his education in the schools of Prince Edward Island and completed his studies in Chathaml, Ontario, to which place he removed with his parents in 1848. At that time he had to pay a school rate, for the public school system had not been inaugurated. He came with his parents to Michigan in 1861 and with his father purchased a house in lMemlphis, carrying on general agricultural pursuits and teaming until 1880, when that property was sold and John McKay purchased the Dixon farm from S. Stone in Richmond township, which is his present home. IHe has since made many improvements, has remodeled the house and has erected nearly all the other farm buildings on the place. He has also brought his land up to a hiogh state of productiveness and the fields now return to him good harvests, making his annual income a gratifying one. For two years Mr. McKay was foreman of the Au Sable Boom & Rafting Log Company, of which John Stanley, of St. Clair county, was superintendent. In 1873 he began lumbering in the winter months in the position of foremnan in the camp of W. B. Stewart and afterward for John P., William and James Sanburn, of Port Huron. Ile continued that work until 1879, when he formed a partnership with Robert Stewart, of Memphis, contracting to get out so many feet of lumber each winter. The most of their work was done in Bay county, Michigan, and for three consecutive winters they got out six million feet of timber. In 1882 Mr. McKay withdrew from the partnership and began contracting on his owin account, lumbering for William Jenkinson, of Port Huron; McGraw, of Bay City; lMcClure & Company, of Saginaw; Westover, of Bay City; and J. L. Wood, of Cleveland, Ohio, with whom he contracted to get out five million feet of timber in the winter of 1886. When that contract was com pleted he gave up lumbering and returned to the farm, since which time he has given his undivided attention to agricultural pursuits. Mr. McKay was married June 25, 1874, to Miss Mary Weatherby, a daughter of Leviah and Mary S. Weatherby, of Dunville, Ontario, whose parents were natives of Vermont and Ireland, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. McKay had five children, of whom four are living: John W., who spent his early life on the Port Huron division of the Grand Trunk Railroad as an operator and also in Detroit, is at present fireman on the Wabash Railroad, living at Decatur, Illinois. Donald Scott is connected with electrical business in Chicago; Dallas Richard is a stenographer of the same city; and Kenneth Hugh is at home with his father. The wife and mother died March 19, 1904. In his political views Mr. McKay is an earnest republican and his first vote in the United States was cast for Abraham Lincoln, in 1864. He is a member of Armada lodge, No. 143, A. F. & A. M., and he is one of the oldest Masons in Richmond township, having been identified with the craft since 1865, while in his life he has been true to its teachings and tenets. In his business career he has been watchful of opportunities, quick to master an intricate situation and his labors, discerningly directed in the channels of trade, have been the resultant factors in his success. SAMUEL D. GRANT. Samuel D. Grant, who is connected with the grain trade in Richmond, was born in Richmond township, Macomb county, December 20, 1865. His father, Duncan Grant, was born in Montreal, Canada, as was his father, Alexander Grant, while the latter's father was a native of Scotland, whence he emigrated to Canada, where he engaged in farming. Alexander Grant was the first of the name to come to Michigan, settling in St. Clair county in 1846, and there he engaged in the tilling of the soil, devoting his active business life to that work. His son, Duncan Grant, having been reared in St. Clair county, removed to Macomb county about 1860 and purchased a farm in Richmond township, two and a half miles north of Lenox and a mile east of his present home. He married Ai-netta Closs, who was born in Richmond township, and they became the parents of four children, of whom two are living. 446 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Samuel D. GCrant, the third in order of birth, spent his boyhood days on the homestead and was educated in the district schools. He worked in the fields through the months of summner and continued to assist in the cultivation of his father 's farm until 1890, when he removed to Richmond and accepted a position with Mr. Acker in the hay and grain business and when the business interests in that line in Richmond were consolidated Air. (Grant became sulperintendent of the elevators and warehouses-a position which necessitates his visiting the various plants of the new company. Ile also buys hay and grain and has become one of the best known representatives of the trade in eastern Michigan. During his superintendency the business has been increased by the addition of twelve or more elevators and warehouses. Ile is hiohly spoken of by the company which he represents and is found reliable and trustworthy in all business relations. Mr. Grant was married, in July, 1901, to MIiss Ella Brewer, of St. Clair county, a daughter of Charles Brewer, an old and respected resident of that county, who served in the Civil war. They make their home in Richmond and enjoy the warn-hearted hospitality which is extended to them by their nmany friends here. Mr. Grant is enterprising and progressive and his advancement to his present position of trust and responsibility has come in recognition of his capable and faithful service. HUGH SUTHERLAND. Hugh Sutherland, deceased, who was numbered among the brave soldiers that Macomb county furnished to the Union cause and who for many years was a respected citizen and successful farmer of Chesterfield township, was born in Canada, August 29, 1839. His parents, Alexander and Helen Sutherland, had emigrated from Glasgow, Scotland, to Canada, the year previous and in 1855 they came to Macomb county, settling in Chesterfield township. They were the parents of ten children and the father died when his son Hugh was fifteen years of age. Hugh Sutherland acquired his education in district schools in Canada and this county and remained upon the home farm until after the inauguration of the Civil war, when he gave evidence of a patriotic spirit by enlisting in 1861, as a member of Company I, Ninth Michigan Infantry, under Captain William Jenny. Ilis company was in an engagement at T'yree Springs and he was honorably discharged on account of disability in 1863. Although he participated in few engagements he went on some of the hard marches. The regiment was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland but did detached service, guarding the line of colmmunicaation. After being Mlustered out Alr. Sutherland returned to his home, and on the 30th of April, 1864, he was married to Miss Harriet Ilicks, a daughter of James L. and Mary Iicks, natives of New Jersey and New York respectively. Becoming pioneer settlers of Mlacomlb county they located in 1856 on forty acres of land in the northeast corner of Chesterfield township, where they remained until 1875, when they became residents of Plainwell, Michigaan, where Mr. Hicks filled the office of marshal for a number of years. Ile died there in 1897, aged eighty-two years, and his wife passed away just nineteen hours later, so that they were buried in the same grave. There were thirteen children in their family, of whom six were left to mourn their loss, Mrs. Sutherland being the eldest. The others are: Mrs. Barrenger and Mrs. W. D. Minor, of Kalamazoo, Michigan; Mrs. Lockwood, of Saginaw, this state; and Mrs. J. Chapman and Joseph Hicks, of Plainwell. One son, Byron I-icks, gave his life for his country during the Civil war. He entered the army at the opening of hostilities and after serving three years re-enlisted, being starved to death in Belle Isle prison in August, 1866. Thirty-eight years ago the verses at the close of this sketch were written and sent to his mother. In the year of his marriage Hugh Sutherland settled in Chesterfield township, where he bought eighty acres of timber land, but he gave forty acres of this in payment for the building of his house and on the remaining forty acres he lived until 1878. In the meantime he made extensive improvements, placing the land in a highly productive condition. He then sold to Frank Seiffert and bought eighty acres on the Telegraph road, of which sixty acres was covered with dense timber and a small house was the only improvement in the way of buildings. For the first five years he did little farming, devoting his attention to the arduous task of clearing the land, cutting the timber into logs, bolts and cordwood, which he hauled to New Baltimore and Mount Clemens, some days using eleven or twelve teams in this way. He then entered upon an effort to get a county ditch through his farm I - - MRS. HUGH SUTHERLAND HUGHtI STIIr IERLAN). I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 45I and spent two years fighting the case in the courts but was finally successful and thus obtained an outlet for his farm drainage. In 1879 he built a barn and in 1884 a second one. In 1888 he erected his house and after getting his land in shape for cultivation he began raising wheat, hay and corn. His health failing in 1889 he bought a house and lot in New Haven, to which he removed, leavin(g' his farm in charge of his son William. After nine years spent in town he returned to the farm that he and his wife might aid in caring for the children of his son William, their mother having just passed away. They remainied there for a year and then went to New Baltimore, where Mr. Sutherland remained until his death, July 1, 1902. His impaired health was undoubtedly largely caused by the hardships which he endured for fifteen years while working in the lumber woods, but in his later years he was enabled to enjoy the comforts of life that come through the possession of a competence that he had gained through his persistent labors. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Sutherland were born five children, but Frederick is deceased. The others are William H. and Byron J., who are mentioned on another page of this work; Charles C.; and Jennie L., the wife of Frank L. Bacon, of New Baltimore. Mr. Sutherland was a stanch republican, deeply interested in the success of the party. lie belonged to John.Stockton post, No. 380, G. A. R., and was a faithful and zealous member of the Congregational church. Iis remains were interred in Oakwood cemetery in New Baltimore and his death was the occasion of sincere and widespread regret, for he was a man of genuine worth, respected by all who knew him because of his loyalty in citizenship, his trustworthiness in business and his fidelity in friendship. Iie was devoted to his family and was an earnest Christian man. STARVED IN A SOUTHERN PRISON. IN MEMORY OF BYRON HICKS. HIe died not on the battle field, Amid the battle hum, He died not where the cheering shout Proclaimed a victory won. IHe died not where the starry flag, He bravely fought to save, In future triumph proudly floats O'er many a hero's grave. 0! better had lie met his doom, 'Mid fire and smoke and shell; Than in a southern prison's gloom, To breath his last farewell. Buit (lod who rules above the sky And o'er the soIns of men, Looked down and heard the prisoner's sigh, lAnd blrouglht relief again. Then to his angels quickly said, " (o bring the sufferer home, Mly martyred one, who fought and bled For thee, for thee I come. "No more to face the cannon mouth, Thy duty it shall be, Far from thy gloomy prison wall, I colle to set thee free." And O! we trust that lie who once Through the dark valley trod, Met, and received your dying boy, And bore himn home to God. That in the soldier's mutual strife Ere sight and sense grew dim, The Savior heard his dying prayer, And God remembered him. But O! to die in a strange land, No loving eye to weep, No dear friend there to mark the spot Where Byron now must sleep. No vision of a mother's form, lis dying eye to bless, No sister with affection warm To give her last caress. But then we know in God's great book An awful record stands, Of thousands of these murdered ones Starved in southern lands, And when the Lord in judgment Sits on His great white throne, At whose hand will he require, The shed blood of his own! -MRS. FRANCES AVERY. JOHN F. HAGAMAN. John F. Hagaman, a prominent farmer and stock-breeder, residing on section 7, Bruce township, is proprietor of the Spring Lake stock farm, one of the most valuable and best 452 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY improved farms in Macomb county. A native of Germany he was born near the town of Deboron, in the province of MecklenburgSchwerin, July 2, 1845. He was the son of John J. and Anna (Harten) Hagaman. His father, a farmer by occupation, was born and lived near Deboron until he came to the United States. He had two brothers and one sister. His mother was a daughter of Christopher Harten, a large landholder who lived and died near the city of Rostock. He was also a large breeder of dairy cattle and carried on an extensive dairy. Mrs. Hagaman was one of a family of ten children. In the spring of 1851 John J. Hagalian decided to emigrate to the United States, and with his family took passage at Hamburg on a sailing vessel. They were on the ocean seven weeks and three days, arriving in New York August 7. They came directly to Detroit, where a few days after the arrival of the family in that city Mr. tlagaman, his wife and one daughter were stricken with cholera and all three died in one night, the only survivors of the family at the present time being the subject of our sketch and his sister, Mrs. Louisa Elwell, of Oakland county, Michigan. In that county, living with his sister, John F. Ha-gaman grew to manhood. In August, 1865, he came to Macomb county and was married July 19, 1868, to Miss Anna E. Powell, who was born in the town of Bruce, Macomb county, June 21, 1844. They have had four sons: A.Powell,born September 24,1869; Carl. February 27, 1875, who died in infancy; J. Bert, October 7, 1876; and Howard A., December 27, 1884. A. Powell is very much interested in sheep and is in partnership with his father in breeding registered Oxford Down sheep, of which he has sole charge. He also has a large flock of registered Angora goats. This is comparatively a new industry in Michigan. As he has selected the foundation of his flock from the very best breeders in the west he has some very choice animals of this breed. J. Bert was married June 6, 1900, to Miss Blanche Butler, daughter of William and Mary (Simon) Butler, of North Branch, Michigan. lie lives in North Branch and is engaged in the hardware and farm implement business. Howard A., the youngest son, is at home. He has an interest in the stock, assists his father in the care of the cattle and is a breeder of pure-bred poultry. Abram T. Powell, the father of Mrs. Hagaman, was born in Springfield, Otsego county, New York, December 23, 1803. He was one of the pioneer settlers of Macomb county, as he came to Michigan in 1825 and located in Washington township in 1826. He was married August 24, 1834, to Sarah A. Field, who was born in East Guilford, New Haven county, Connecticut, September 6, 1812. In 1835 Mr. Powell purchased a farm in Bruce township, where he Lived until his death, which occurred in 1873. Mrs. Powell died in 1900. Mr. and Mrs. Itagaman began their domestic life on a portion of the Powell homestead, and Mr. Hagaman has added to this by purchase until the farm now contains three hundred and twenty acres of the best farming land. In 1869 Mr. Hagaman began the breeding of shorthorn cattle, which he has made the chief industry of the farm. He is one of the oldest and largest breeders of this stock in eastern Michigan at the present time. His herd consists of forty head of choice breeding stock, with Lord Roberts, an imported bull, at the head of the herd. Mr. HIagaman has never failed in winning a goodly share of prizes when exhibiting shorthorns at the fairs. In the World's Fair dairy demonstration at St. Louis, in 1904, he had two cows with their calves, and both cows won prizes, one standing fifth in the test of fifty of the best dual-purpose shorthorn cows which could be procured in the United States and Canada. As a breeder and stock-dealer Mr. Hagaman is widely and favorably known, and he stands high in the esteem of his fellow-citizens who appreciate his sterling worth and many excellent traits of character. By his ballot he supports the men and measures of the republican party, but has never wished for office, preferring to devote his entire time and attention to his extensive business interests. CAPTAIN HIRAM BARROWS. Captain Hiram Barrows, son of Captain David and Ruth (Bullock) Barrows, both of Massachusetts, was born in Wyoming county, New York, October 11, 1824. IMr. Barrows came to Macomb county in 1848 and settled on section 3, Ray township, which place he improved and occupied until 1866. On September 15, 1846, he married Bathsheba Chandler Hathaway, who was born at Bristol, New York, March 20, 1822. She was a teacher from early girlhood and was a direct descendant of the Hathaways who settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1630. She was a beautiful Christian character, a devoted wife, an unselfish mother, loving friend and PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 453 kind neighbor. She was always sent for in any case of sickness for miles around her home. During the period of her husband's absence in the army, she took upon herself the heavy duty of superintending the farm. This, with her constant anxiety, enfeebled a delicate constitution and she only lived a short time after her husband's return from the army, dying of consumption. She gave her life for her country as truly as many a soldier who died in battle. She left two sons: David Harlan Barrows, born November 8, 1850, and Hiram Julius Barrows, born April 2, 1858. David H. Harrows entered his father's store in 1869 and continued in business with his father until the latter's death and still conducts the busiiiess. After his father's death he was chosen deacon of the Congregational church of Armada, which office he still holds. He was appointed postmaster June 1, 1897, and he is still serving the community in that capacity. In 1870 he married Lucy E. Tenney, a granddaughter of David Stone, one of the early settlers of Ray, iMacomb county. They had two children: Harlan Hiram and Bessie Ilathaway Barrows. Harlan Ii. is at this time an instructor at the University of Chicago, in geology and geography. Bessie H. died at her home at Armada at the early age of eighteen years, July 2, 1899. The second son, Iliraim Julius Barrows, was born at Ray, Macomb county, on April 2, 1858. lie also entered his father's store and continued in the busiless until a short time before his father's death. In 1892 he bought the Armada Graphic and continued to edit that paper until 1904, when hle re1moved to Oberlin, Ohio. He is still in the printing business. Ile has held office in both township and village. At the death of his father he took chiarge of the Congregational Suinday-school and continued to serve as its superintendent until he removed to Oberlin, Ohio. June 30, 1881, lie married Harriet Eliot Andrews, daughlter of Hon. Charles Andrews, AwIhose father, Rev. Elisha Andrews, took up one thousand two hundred acres of goverlnment land in 1841. They have one son, Charles H irall Barrows. Mr. Barrows enlisted in Company A, Ninth Michigan Regiment of Infantry; was elected by the company second lieutenant; was made first lieutenant December 10, 1861; was wounded in action and taken prisoner at Murfreesboro, July 13, 1862; exchanged August 27; made captain October 13, 1862; mustered out November 16, 1864; and returned home in March, 1865. The regiment was engaged in twelve battles, in all but one of which Captain Barrows was engaged. In 1866 he removed to the village of Armada, then known as Burk's Corners. In that year he purchased two tracts of land, one on the east side and one on the west side of the village. This land he platted in lots, donating all the streets of the village. Most of these lots were sold to build homes on. He arranged it so that the buyers could make small payments. In this way a great many home were built in the village. He was anxious that they should be attractive and for several years he furnished a man and team to all who would plant trees in front of their lots. Perhaps over half of the beautiful avenues of maples that adorn the village were planted in this way. He was equally interested in the moral, intellectual and spiritual development of the inhabitants of the village. IHe always looked after the welfare of the young people and the hearty and earnest welcome given to them at church and Sunday-school constitute some of the pleasantest recollections of many middle aged persons to-day who spent their youth in Armada. Ile was ever a foe to all influences that would tend to lower the standard of high Christian character. When he sold the land to the Armada Agriculture Society to be used as a fair ground he had the deed drawn so as to forbid horse-racing and all sorts of gamlbling on the grounds. He was always active in the temperance cause and spent a great deal of time and money in trying to suppress the traffic. Ite was an ardent supporter of good schools and through his efforts, with the co-operation of others, the Armadai high school soon ranked as one of the best in the county. lte was twice elected as justice of the peace, also filled the office of supervisor of the township. Ile served as postmaster for four terms. In 1868 he, with Dr. Smith of Armada, began the erection of the first brick block in the village, upon the completion of which he entered mercantile business, in which he continued until his death in 1892. Iis sons were both associated with him in business. On April 9, 1868, Mr. Barrows married Agnes Brownlee Little. She was born at Glasford, near Glasgow, Scotland, July 11, 1834. The Brownlees were an old historic family of Avondale, Scotland, and were direct descendants of Thomas Brownle3, the stanch covenanter who defeated Lord Clavers at the famous battle of Drumclog. John Brownlee, father of Mrs. Barrows, came to America for 454 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY political reasons in 1842. tie settled in Detroit, where he lived four years. His health having failed him, he removed to Macomb county in the spring of 1846 and settled on a farm twelve miles north of Detroit on the Gratiot road. There were three children in the family: Agnes Brownlee, William Gilmore Brownlee and Margret Brownlee. At this time this part of the county was nearly an unbroken wilderness, with neither church nor school privileges. In 1847 two other Scotch families came and settled on land adjoining them. Robert HIopkins, father of the celebrated marine artist of Detroit, and Richard Conmmon, the father of a large family. These three families soon began to hold religious services, held in their respective homes, and soon by their united efforts established a school. Mrs. Barrows pursued her education in Mount Clemens. She commllenced teaching before she was thirteen years of age, entering upon this work in June while her thirteenth birthday occurred in July. This school was near what was then known as the Big Marsh, and it was not an uncommon occurrence for her to meet and kill a rattlesnake on her way to or from school and to go to sleep at night listening to the howling of the wolves. She taught this school for two seasons. She continued to teach and attend school until November 4, 1854, when she married John Dunlap Little, son of Robert Little, of one of the early pioneer families of Maconib county. There was one child, Marion, born August 20, 1855. She married Charles C. Carter and died March 22, 1892, leaving four sons. William (. Brownlee came with his parents to Miacomb county in 1846, when he was eight years old. lie spent his boyhood and early manhood in Macomlb county. In 1860 he married Mary Jones, who was a daughter of one of the early pioneers of the county. In 1865 he removed to Detroit and engaged in the lumber business. IIe was an enthusiastic and able advocate of free trade. He was recognized as a strong leader of that element in our politics and contributed many tariff articles to current literature which attracted widespread attention and won for him the admiration of all advocates of that system. He was an honorary member of the Cobden Free Trade Club of England. The Detroit Journal, a protectionist paper at that time, in an editorial written just after his death said: "Mr. Brownlee inspired respect even among those who differed with his pronounced opinions on the subject of protection and free trade. He was sincere, he was courteous, he was honest-three qualities in any champion of any cause that are sure to gain the regard and esteem of his antagonist." He left four sons and one daughter. Margret, the youngest member of the Brownlee family, was born in Erin, Macomb county, January 19, 1854, and is the wife of Professor William F. Jewell, who has been at the head of the Detroit Business University for over a quarter of a century. She has three children. After the death of Mr. Little, Mrs. Barrows attended school and again engaged in teaching school. She came to Armada as a teacher and was married to Captain Barrows April 9, 1868. There was one child, Ruth B. Barrows, born December 6, 1869. She married Frank E. Lathrop June 20, 1888. She left one son, Laurence Barrows Lathrop. She died June 5, 1892. Mrs. Barrows has been identified with the religious, literary and ediucational interests of Arimada ever since her residence in the village. She has been president of several literary clubs, a member of the Wolman's Relief Corps, a teacher in the Sunday-school for ever thirty years and is a Imember of the Congrregational church. Iler family was long identified with this religious faith, her grandparents and parents being members of the old Scottish Independents. afterwards known as Congregationalists. She has taken great interest in helping to establish a free township library. She has recently fitted up a room for the library which is a credit to the town. The library contains nearly a thousand volumnes. She lives in Armada and well deserves mention in this volumne, not only because of her personal worth but also as a representative of one of the worthy pioneer families of the state. LAFAYETTE W. GIDDINGS. Lafayette W. Giddings is an honored veteran of the Civil war, who at the time of the country's peril espoused the Union cause and did his full share in maintaining the supremacy of the stars and stripes. He has always been a resident of Macomb county, his birth having occurred in the town of Washington, June 2, 1830, while his residence at the present time is on section 5, Macomb township. The family is of English lineage and was founded in Massachusetts in 1630. Representatives of the family in later generations removed to Con MR. AND MRS. L. W. GIDDINGS (s PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 457 necticut and our subject's great-grandfather was Joshua Giddings of that state. The grandfather, Niles Giddings, was born in Connecticut, and when the colonies attempted to throw off the yoke of British oppression he joined the Continental army and fought for American independence. He afterward removed from Connecticut to New York and was one of the early settlers of Washington county, that state. Lester Giddings, the father of our subject, was born in the town of Granville, Washington county, New York, July 28, 1792, spending his youth there and after arriving at man's estate was married to Miss Experience Miller, also a native of New York. Thinking that he might have better business opportunities in the great and growing west, Mr. Giddings came to MIichigan in 1823 and purchased government land in the town of Washington, MIacomb county. IIe entered eighty acres and then returned to his hoime in New York. In 1825 he again came to Michigan with his family and locating on the land which he had entered he at once began to clear and cultivate it. and in due course of time opened up a good farm. He resided thereon until 1831. when he sold that place and purchased the old homestead upon which Lafayette Giddings now resides. IIe bouglht one hund(red and twenty acres here and again he performed the arduous task of developing a new farm, but he was persistent in his work and his labors at length brought him a good return. He spent his last years upon the old homestead and died January 2, 1879. His wife had previously passed away, departing this life November 16, 1868. Lester Giddings was also a soldier and served his country in the war of 1812. In his family were seven sons and three daughters, all of whon reached mature years but only two are now living. Lafayette W. Giddings spent the days of his boyhood and youth on the farm where he now resides. The spirit of valor manifest in his father and grandfather was also shown in his enlistmenlt, when in 1864 he joined Comipany B, Fifteenth Michigan Volunteer Infantry. With that company he went south and joined the army of the Tennessee. He participated in a number of skirmishes and was with the army until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged at Detroit in September, 1865. Returning to his home Mr. Giddings then took charge of the farm and business interests of his father, caring for his parents in their declining years and thus rewarding them for the care and attention which they had bestowed upon him in his youth. As a farmer he has worked persistently and energetically and his untiring efforts have been resultant factors in winning him desirable success. IHe has helped to improve and make this farm what it is to-day, and in his business transactions he has never been known to take advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen. On the 17th of October, 1866, Mr. Giddings was married in Macomb county to Miss Mary A. Dryer, a native of this county, born in the town of Lenox, and a daughter of Thomas F. Dryer, who came from New York to Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Giddings have become the parents of four children, of whom three are living, namely: Cleora, the wife of Fish C. Davis of Dryden, Lapeer county, Michigan, by whom she has five children: Fay, Hazel, Marie, Clare and Homer; George Reed, a merchant of Davis, who is married and has two children, Adell and Lucretia; Mrs. Delia M. Miller, who is now a widow residing in Macomb township and who has four children, Irene, Alton, Marguerite and William G. In his political views Mr. Giddings is independent. He cast his first presidential ballot for John C. Fremont in 1856 and at local elections votes for the best man regardless of party. I-Ie has never been an officeseeker nor has he cared for political preferment, but the cause of education finds him a warm friend and public progress is dear to his heart. He has lived a useful and exemplary life and is known as a kind, hospitable gentleman, while he and his estimable wife enjoy the waarm regard of all who know them. IRA J. LOVEJOY. Ira J. Lovejoy, whose business activity has been one of the elements in the upbuilding of Richmond, where he is now engaged in merchandising, was born in Columbus, St. Clair county, Michigan, June 30, 1854, his parents being Julius and Elizabeth (Parker) Lovejoy, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of the state of New York. The grandfather, Byger Lovejoy, was also a native of Vermont and came west at an early day. He helped survey a part of the city of Chicago. At his death he was buried near the boundary line between Illinois and Wisconsin. It was 458 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY in the year 1835 that Julius Lovejoy arrived in Michigan and cast in his lot with the pioneer settlers of St. Clair county, where he carried on agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1864. Ile took active and helpful part in reclaiming the wild land for the purpose of civilization and aided in laying the foundation for the progress and development of that portion of the state. Hie acceptably served as justice of the peace for several years. In his family were six sons and a daughter. Ira J. Lovejoy, the fifth in order of birth, pursued his education in the district schools and remained on the homestead farm until fifteen years of age, when the family removed to Lenox. There he carried on farming and in 1876 he turned his attention to dealing in hay and implement.s, continuing in that business for ten or twelve years with a gratifying measure of success. He afterward dealt in coal, lime and cenment, continuing in the business for five years, and again he prospered. In 1887 he established a general store and now deals in seeds, crockery, binding twine, fertilizers and sewing machines and has a very large stock, while his annual sales have reached an extensive figure. His store is commodious and pleasantly located on Main street. He was married in 1880 to Miss HIattie Lizzie Quick, a native of Canada, who died in 1883, and their son Floyd died at the age of ten years. In December, 1887, Mr. Lovejoy wedded Carrie Ward, a native of Richrnond and a daughter of Robert Ward, of Richmond. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and the Foresters societies and also of the Knights of the Maccabees and is an active and influential member of the Methodist church. He is deeply interested in all that pertains to the material, intellectual and moral progress of his community and in his business career he has proved that success and an honored name may be won simultaneously. NORMAN McINTYRE. Norman McIntyre is now engaged in the grain business in Mount Clemens. There have been many exciting chapters in his life history and the environment and the conditions which he has faced have developed in him a strength of character and stalwart purpose which awaken respect and admiration. He is a native of Scotland, born January 25, 1840, his parents being Collin and Margaret (McPhee) McIntyre, who were natives of Argyleshire, Scotland, and crossed the Atlantic to Canada, whence they removed to Macolmb county, Michigan, in 1845. The mother died a year later and the father afterward married Mrs. Thompson. He was a farmer by occupation, carrying on agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career. lis death occurred in 1884 when he was eighty-one years of age. He had a brother who was a sailor while his father was a sea captain. Both the Mclntyres and the McPhees were of IHighland Scotch ancestry yet little is definitely known about the family. The Mcintyre clan however have a coat of arms consisting of an arm and dagger with the motto "Through difficulties."' Norman McIntyre pursued his early education in the public schools of Canada and afterward attended Queen's College at Kingston, Ontario, In 1859 he became a clerk and bookkeeper in a store at Port Hope, Ontario, where he remained for five and a half years. At the end of that time he was attracted by the gold excitement in British Columbia and in 1862 went with a party to the Cariboo mining district making the trip across the plains by way of Windom, Detroit, (rand Haven, Milwaukee, LaCrosse and St. Paul, the steamer touching at those various points, and thence by stage to Georgetown on the Red River of the North and by steamer to Fort (arry, now the city of Winnipeg, in Manitoba. At that time only a trading post marked the site of the future city. There he purchased supplies, oxen and carts and proceeded across the country, traveling a distance of nine hundred miles through the Rocky mountains. He again met civilization on the Pacific coast and spent the winter at Vancouver Island. In the spring of 1863 he went to the mountains on a four hundred mile trip, following the Indian trail and passing over twenty feet of snow on the 15th of June. Eventually he reached Williams creek and there he had the usual experiences of the miner, sometimes meeting with success and again with failure. He remained continuously in that locality for eleven and a half years and altogether prospered in his work there. He saw great changes, the country being rapidly developed and improved. At length he returned by way of Victoria and San Francisco in the fall of 1874 and eventually established his home at Port Huron, Michigan, but after a short time he turned his attention to the grain business at Lenox, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 459 ill 1laceollb county-, where ill 1875 lie built an elevator whiich he operated for eight years. Ile then renlloved to Port HIuron, where he alaiil elngaged ill the grain business for six years anld in 1888 he built an elevator at I\olnllt (Clellells, continuing its conduct until the fall of 1893, when lie sold out to Wolcott lBrothers. Ilie has since dealt in grain, shipI)ilog to eastern firmls in c1arloads. lie makes his sales pliincipally to Stratton & Company, of ( Olti( od. New x a1mnpshire, amounting to two hIniii(red thousand dollars annually. Hlis sales at timaes Iave reached almost ten timies thl)t fitr'le, lland the firml with which he largelv ldelils si)ls in most commiendable terms of llis finr business dealings. IIe is a man of souind;jllidgllaent, seldolll at fault in his opilioIs regalrdi ng.ll bullsiness transaction anld lhe 1 has been vel(Iy successful as a grain lllr(h'c}iat. In 188I7 AIr. McIntyre spent some time ill Arizona and southern California on a liiin'o tl'ip, ilso attending to other busi(ness iiiter'lests. I(e wis fre(luently in dangeroils Ipositiolls onl that journey and indeed there hflve beenl manyl, years in his life in whcllhll is ellvirollllent subjected him to considelral)le peril, 1)llt while others were killed at llis side at the han(ds of Indians and desp)e-ra(ios, his life was sp)alred. Fortune seems to h1avwe favo)red his uidertakinogs and thouIgh lie Illet halrdships anid (liftficulties lie endured thiese brav)1\ely and in the end has triumphed. Mr. AlcII-tyre is a mnembler of Mlount Clemeiis lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. MI., having been r a(ised to the subl'itme degree ill Richimond lodge twenty-four years ago. Ile is also a Royal Arch LIason ailmd lie belongs to the Knights of the MAlfaccabees. Ile was married Jnune 3, 1880, to Aliss Annie Lawler, a daughter of Micihael ILawiNler. of Wales, St. Clair county, MIichigan. iIrs. McInltyvre, however, w.as born in Richniond, Macoilmb county. Their children are: 'Malcolln, who is fireman for thle Rapid Railway Comnpany, of Mount Clemens; Bessie and MIary, at homne; and Jeninie, who died in December, 1895, at the age of fourteen years. During the past two winters Mr. McIntyre has spent the season with his wife and children in southern California. While he has never taken an active part in public affairs he has always been equally interested in and contributed freely to the furtherance of those measures which he has approved aniid which tend to advance the general welfare. His character has always been one of great sincerity of purpose; careful and painstaking, exacting and conscientious, he has prospered from year to year. By rea son oi his large success, his unblemished character, his just and liberal life and the universal esteem which he here enjoys, Mr. McIntyre might, without invidious distinction, be called one of the foremost men of Mount (lemens and Macomub county. ED)WARD PETTIBONE. Edward Pettibone, the owner of a good farim on section 24, Armada township, was born July 10, 1828, in Perry, Wyoming county, New York, his parents being Anson and Hlannah (Blakely) Pettibone. The father was a son of Seth Pettibone. In the year 1845 Anson Pettibone came to Michigan, settling fup)on the farln where his soil Edward now resides, and a, portion of the present residenclie was built by him. IIe purchased the.laind in 1833 and )eecame owvner of six hundred and seven acres, whiclh was cultivated dand developed throulgh the joint labors of the father and his children, all working together with willingness and energy. Ediward Pettibonee piirsie(ld his education il the schools of -New York. Ile was one of a famnily of six chlildreni, as follows: Ezra, Nwho (ied bdefore the Civil war; Edward, of this review; Eulgenei, who died in infancy; W. Durfee, who is living in Armada; Oscar, N-who died at the age of fifteen years; and Edwin, Iwho died oil the homlle farm at the age of thirty-t+wo. In his youth Edward P'ettibone assisted in the operation of the hoirle farm and when twenty-one years of age lie began farming for himllself oil a part of his father's land aInd for sixty years has lived continuously on one place. Ile is to-day the owner of two hundred and eighty-seven acres of rich and arable land, most of which was at one time in possession of his father, and in former years his possessions included the land on which the station of Armada now stands. In all his farming operations he has been practical and progressive, following methods that have been resultant factors in winning him very desirable and gratifying success. He worked early and late in order to gain a start when a young man and now in the evening of life he has a competence that provides him with many comforts and luxuries and relieves him of the necessity of further hard labor. In 1859 Mr. Pettibone was married to Miss Antoinette Butler, a daughter of William Butler. She came to Michigan with our subject's 460 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY parents. There was one child of this marriage, Mary, who became the wife of Lewis M. Smith, a real estate agent, residing in Chicago. They have one son, Lewis P., who is now five years of age. Mrs. Pettibone died in 1874 and for his second wife Mr. Pettibone chose Mary Gleason, a daughter of James and Julia (Hagan) Gleason, both of whom were natives of Ireland, the mother having been born in Tipperary. Mr. Gleason was an early settler of Macomb county, coming to this state from Ohio. Both he and his wife are now deceased. Their daughter, Mrs. Pettibone, was born in Brockway, St. Clair county, Michigan, April 29, 1855, and was one of a family of six children: Dennis is living in Richmond township and has eight children. Daniel is deceased. Thomas, a bridge builder, was married and made his home in Washington, D. C. James has also departed this life. Patrick, a resident of Luther, Lake county, Michigan, is married and has five children. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Pettibone have been born three children, but Julia, the eldest, and Lewis, the youngest, died in infancy. The surviving son, Edward, born December 8, 1893, is now a student in the fifth grade in the schools of Armada. Mr. Pettibone has supported the prohibition party for several years, but does not consider himself bound by party ties in his political affiliation. H-Ie is a melnber of the Grange and his wife is a member of the Catholic church. lte has now reached the seventyseventh milestone on life's journey and in the review of his life it is seen that his has been a useful, active and honorable career. Those who know him recognize his worth and he has a wide acquaintance in the county where he has so long lived. In his business career he has never been known- to take advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen and in all life's relations he has been found true to manly principles, so establishing his course as to merit the confidence and esteem that is universally accorded him. WARREN S. STONE. Warren S. Stone, engaged in the practice of law, was born in Richmond, September 23, 1869, his parents being Sanford M. and Caroline A. (HIallock) Stone, the former a native of Orleans county, New York, and the latter of Lapeer county, Michigan. The paternal grandfather was Solomon Stone, who was born in Massachusetts, and the maternal grandparents were Zadock Hinsdale and Phebe (Pratt) IHallock, also natives of the Empire state. They came fromt that state to Michigan, being among the early settlers of Lapeer county. The grandfather made the entire distance on foot and continued a resident of this state up to the time of his death, which occurred when he was eighty-four years of age. Ile always followed farming and he had no aspirations for political office, although he was several times chosen for positions of public trust. Solomlon Stone also arrived in Michigan at an early day, settling in Richmiond township, Macomb county. Ilis first wife died prior to his emigration westward and he later married Betsy Bradley. There are twelve children by the second marriage and one by the first marriage, namely: Mary Sherman, who is now living in Bruce township at the very advanced age of ninetyone years and is still well preserved both physically and mentally. Sanford M. Stone was only twelve years of age when he began earning his living. Ilis education was acquired through his own exertions, his leisure hours being largely devoted to reading and study. le afterward taught school for many years in various localities andl subsequent to his marriage he engaged in the real-estate )bsiness and also dealt in timber and stock. Ils business interests became extensive and of an important character and brought him a rich financial return. Ile always im ade Richimond his home and he enjoyed in high (legree the good will and friendship of those with whom he was associated. le took an active interest in politics, servii-ig as president of the village and also as trustee andi justice of the peace. lHe was anI aggressive supporter of the democratic party and did all in his power to lpromote its growth and insure its success. In dlischargiiing the duties of his office he was ever found faithful and reliable. In his family were six children: Alice J., who becamle the wife of Carl (grosse, of Detroit, ald (lied in Richmond, May 11, 1901: MIary E., the wife of Seaman A. Perkins, of Kirwin, Kansas; Hiram l H., who died in infancy; Warren S. of this review; Phebe Cornelia, the wife of Wesley E. Bailey, of Detroit; and Evelyn A., who is now residing in California. She is a daughter of her father's second marriage, her mother in her maidenhood having been Miss Annie Keavey, of Detroit. Warren S. Stone began his education in the public schools and was graduated from PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 46I the high school of Richmond, with the class of 1888. A few months later he began studying law under the direction of Thomas M. Crocker, of Mount Clemens, and at the same time entered the Mount Clemens high school, in which he completed the regular course with the class of 1890. He next entered the law department of the University of Michigan and was graduated in 1893 with the degree of bachelor of law,. Ile was admitted to the bar at Washtenaw, MIichigan, June 10, 1893, and at Lansing was admitted to practice in the supreme court. iHe then returned to Richmond and has since been a representative of the legal fraternity here. At Detroit he was admitted to the United States district court for the eastern division of 5Michigan in 1902. Hle thoroughly prepared for his chosen profession and in the trial of a case displays comprehensive knowledge of jurisprudence with correct application of legal principles to the points at issue. IMr. Stone was married J.lallary 3, 1894, to M:iss Mlyrtle B. Mills, of Richllmond, a daughter of Charles F. Alills, a representative farmer of Richmond township. They have one child MIadelyn C. Mr. Stone is recognized as one of the leaders in the local ranks of the democratic p)arty ad1 is now servinig as chairman of the deliocratic county conmittee, of which he waRs previous]y secretary. Hle was the choice of his party for the state legislature in 1902. lie has served as village attorney for five years, has been a member of the village board, also village treasurer and trustee an(l a. memIber of the school board, and in the (Iischlarge of his political duties he has ever placed the lpublic good before partisanship and tile general welfare before personal aggrandizement. lIe has had the handling of his father's property, which in the first place was the cause of his entering the legal profession. He became well equipped for the profession, in which he is meeting with very desirable success and he is now\ a member of both the County and State Bar Associations. lie belongs to the Maccabees tent, the Independent Order of Foresters, is a past master of Richmond lodge, 187, F. & A. M., and a past worthy patron of the Eastern Star. lHe has always been deeply interested in music, was a inember of the Freshman (,lee Club in the TUniversity of liehigan and was identified with musical circles throughout his college days. lie has also taken an active part in progress along that line in Richmond and has been affiliated with the band, orchestra and quartettes of this place, having a remarkably fine tenor voice. He is prominent and popular socially, and the circle of his friends is almost co-extensive with the circle of his acquaintances. IERBERT H. WILEY, M. D. Among the younger representatives of the medical fraternity in Macomb county is Dr. Herbert tI. Wiley, of Utica, who was born October 1, 1874, a son of W. W. and Elizabeth (Lampinan) Wiley. The father is a native of Kingston, Canada, and of Scotch parentage, while the mother's people were Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch. There was also in the paternal ancestry some New England and some Mohawk blood. The paternal grandfather was a Canadian by birth, but becaine a resident of the tnited States and served his adopted country in the Civil war. Iie was captured at Vicksburg and was then sent to Libby prison, where he died. W. W. Wiley is a farmer by occupation, living near Rondeau bay, Ontario. Dr. Wiley is a native of Kent county, Ontario, the family home having been near Chathaml, and he was reared at Rondeau harbor. His literary education was acquired at Ridgetown Collegiate Institute, from which institution he was graduated in the class of 1891 and later he pursued his studies for one term in the County Normal School. He engaged in teaching school for three years and then entered the Detroit College of Medicine, where he completed his course by graduation in the class of 1899. Immediately afterward he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession in Utica and from the beginning le was successful here, building up an exceptionally large and important practice. He is a member of the Macomb County Medical Society, the Michigan State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and at one time belonged to the Detroit Medical Society. ITe is deeply interested in everything concerning the science of medicine and the duties which devolve upon him in connection therewith and his efforts have proven an effective element in checking the ravages of disease and restoring health Dr. Wiley was married July 21, 1902, to Miss Ethel M. Ruby, a daughter of George and Ella (Lewis) Ruby. She was educated in Utica high school and like her husband enjoys an enviable position in social circles here. 462 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Dr. Wiley is a prominent Mason, who has just completed a term as master of his lodge. He became identified with the order in Canada and is also connected with the Independent Order of Foresters, the Modern Woodmen of America and the American Order of Foresters, while he and his wife are identified with the Eastern Star. lTe is a young man of laudable ambition and progressive spirit and has already gained a creditable position in the ranks of the medical fraternity in Macomb county. HERMAN HUMMRICH. Herman Ilummrich, a general merchant and also the postmaster of Halfway, was born in Germany, January 27, 1862, his parents being Charles and Minnie (Knop) Hummrich, who were also natives of the fatherland. Charles Hummrich was there born, October 19, 1833, and was reared, educated and married in that country. He came to Michigan in 1870, settling in Detroit, and being an ironworker by trade he secured employment in the stove works, where his services were retained until 1895. In that year he removed to Erin township, Macomb county, to live with his son, Herman, and although he is now seventy-two years of age he is still a hale and hearty man. Ierman Hummrich was a little lad of eight summers when brought by his parents to the new world. He pursued his education in the public schools of Detroit and after learning the upholsterer's trade with John Keck & Company of that city, he entered upon his active business career at the age of nineteen years by accepting a position with the firm of Gray & Baffey, now A. Gray & Company. He continued with that house for three years, after which he returned to John Keck & Company and was employed in their establishment for six years. On the expiration of that period he gave up the upholstering business and opened a grocery store, which he conducted for a year. He then removed to Erin township in 1891, purchasing the saloon business of Ameis & Son, and in connection with this he opened a large general store, in which he is now doing a prosperous business, carrying a well selected and extensive line of goods such as is in demand by a general trade. In 1897 Mr. Hummrich was appointed postmaster at Halfway, at which time mail was brought only once a week from Fraser. Through his instrumentality mail was later received twice a week and eventually, by means of a petition, it was arranged that the mail should be brought over the Rapid Railroad, and now Mr. hlumlmrich sends out three mails and receives two each day. The business of the office has greatly increased and its affairs are capably administered by him. This is not the only public position he has filled, for at other times he has rendered capable service to the general public. In 1897 he was elected township clerk and in 1900 was also a member of the board of review, acting in that capacity for four years. Ile is deeply interested in the cause of education, was moderator of school district No. 2 for several years and has been school inspector for five years. He belongs to the Roseville branch of the German Arbeiters. On the 5th of January, 1882, Mr. HIummrich was married to Miss Hulda Boettcher, a daughter of August Boettcher, of Detroit. They have five children: Charles, an attorney with B. R. Eskine, of Mount Clemens; Lulu; George; Alma, and Orda,. Mr. 1-lumrnrich manifests many of the strong and sterling characteristics of the Teutonic race-a race which has planted the seeds of civilization in many a locality and land. He has in his business career worked persistently and with determination to gain a start and acquire a competence, and he is now conducting a commercial enterprise of importance at Halfway. GEORGE W. STEFFENS. George W. Steffens, manager of the Steffens Mills at Fraser, was born in Grosse Pointe township, now Gratiot township, Wayne county, Michigan, December 28, 1869, his parents being Charles and Fredericka (Arning) Steffens, who are represented elsewhere in this volume. His preliminary education, acquired in the district schools, was supplemented by study in the Detroit Business University, from which he was graduated in 1886. From the time the hat he was old enough to work he has been actively associated in business with his father and is the present manager of the Steffens Mills at Fraser. He thoroughly understands the workings of the plant and its output finds a ready sale on the market because of the excellence of the product. He is discriminating in business matters and his sound judgment and enterprise prove the basis of very desirable success. IIERAIAN IIHUMItRICH. 11 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 465 On the 12th of September, 1893, Mlr. Steffens was united in marriage to Miss Mary Hartsig, a daughter of the late Lewis Hartsig, of Warren township, and their children are: Oscar, Dorothy, Florence, Oliver, George and Lillian, all at home. Mr. Steffens has always been interested in local measures that have for their object the welfare and upbuilding of the community and his fellow townsmen, recognizing his patriotic interest and public spirit, have chosen him to office on various occasions. In 1895 he was elected village clerk, this being the year of the incorporation, and he has since filled the position. In 1896-7 he was elected township treasurer and in 1899 was appointed deputy under Sheriff Cady and again under Sheriff Eckstein in 1904. In the spring of the same year lie was elected justice of the peace and in 1902 he was appointed notary public by Governor Bliss and he has filled various offices, the duties of which he has ever discharged with promptness and fidelity. Fraternally lie is connected with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., which he joined in 1902, and is also a member of Warren tent, No. 605, K. O. T. M. He has a wide and favorable acquaintance in the community where his entire life has been passed and where in business, social and political circles ie is favorably known. WILLIAM F. SAWN. William F. Sawn is one of the younger members of the Macomb county bar, and is also engaged in the abstract business, while with industrial interests he is also connected as a member of the firm of Sawn & Company, manufacturers of the Monitor steam thresher. IIe also possesses considerable inventive genius and his talents, if developed along any one of these lines, would undoubtedly lead him to success, but he is giving his attention largely to his professional duties and already has gained a good clientage for one of his years. Mr. Sawn was born in 5Mount Clemens October 18, 1879, his parents being William and Odelia (Voss) Sawn. Iis paternal grandfather, Frederick IT. Zahn for so the name was originally spelled-was a native of Germnany, and after emigrating to America resided for a time in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, whence he came to M\acomb county, Michigan, in 1846, settling in Macomb township. His son, William Sawn, was born in Philadelphia, February 28, 1845, and was therefore a year old when brought by his parents to this county. For a number of years he has been connected with the productive industries of the county, and is now at the head of the firm of Sawn & Company, builders and shippers of the Monitor thresher. Ile married Miss Odelia Voss, a native of this city and a daughter of Charles II. Voss, who was born in Germany and at an early day came to Michigan, settling in Mount Clemens. Ile became a prominent and influential citizen of this locality and is numbered among the leading pioneer settlers of Macomb county. William F. Sawn pursued his early education in the public schools of Mount Clemens, continuing his studies here until he had completed the high school course. Hle prepared for his chosen profession in the Detroit College of Law, from which he was graduated June 12, 1903. HIe was admitted to practice before the supreme court of Michigan, June 15, 1903, and before the supreme court of the United States, June 22, 1903. His desire to become a member of the bar was early formed. I-e read text-books on law even while a student in the Mount Clemens schools and from 1897 to 1899 was a student in the law office of Crocker & Knight. Ile also studied with Franz C. Kuhn for a time and then began practice, establishing his office in Mount Clemens in 1899. He had begun the abstract business in February, 1898, and he still continues this in connection with the law. He is one of three who traveled over twenty thousand miles to obtain his legal education by going to Detroit and returning home each evening by electric car. As before stated he also has business interests aside from those just mentioned, being associated with his father in placing upon the market the Monitor steam threshing machine. He is also the inventor of an attachment to pneumatic wind stackers for stacking straw and in connection with his father has introduced many improvements in the building of the threshers and the operation of the plant. He possesses a decided talent along mlechanical lines and his originality is shown in his inventions. Ile is also a patent attorney, having been admitted to practice in the interior department at Washingtcn, D. C., in 1900. Mr. Sawn is prominent in political circles and was the first secretary of the Young Men's Republican Club which was organized in Mount Clemens in 1900. He believes strongly in reform work in the primaries and is great 466 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ly opposed to misrule in municipal affairs. He untiringly advocated primary reform at the convention held in Richmond, Macomb county, in June, 1904, and was chairman of the committee on credentials there. Ile has always been a stanch advocate of the leading principles of his party, and in the spring of 1903 he was nominated on the republican ticket for the office of supervisor. lie ran ahead of his ticket, but was defeated by a small majority. During the congressional session of 1904-5 he spent a portion of the time in Washington, D. C., being connected with the postoffice department, and later he made a trip through the New England states, returning thence to Mount Clemens. HIe finds his chief source of recreation in water sports, being particularly fond of boating and sailing. IIe is popular with people of his own age in Mount Clemens, while the older men, recognizing his ability, predict for himl a suecessful future. FRED W. SCHMIDT. Fred W. Schmidt, whose farm shows all the evidence of painstaking care on the part of the owner and whose property comprises a tract of one hundred and twenty acres on Section 8, Clinton township, was born upon this place August 13, 1860. Iis father, Frederick G. Schmidt, was a native of (Germany, born in 1827, and the days of his boyhood and youth were passed in that country. Ile was married there to Miss Caroline lMulenhauer, also a native of the fatherland, and in 1853 they emigrated to the new world, making their way at once to Maconmb county, Michigan, where they secured a tract of raw land, which he cleared and developed, transforming it into a fine farm. -le afterward built a good brick residence, which supplemented his pioneer home, and also substantial and conmodious barns and other outbuildings. IIe planted an orchard, fenced the place and continued the work of improvement along progressive lines until an excellent farming property was a visible evidence of his life of industry and enterprise. After rearing his family on the old home place he sold out and moved to Mount Clemens, where he lived a retired life for thirteen years. le then disposed of his property in the county seat and took up his abode in Detroit, where he now makes his home, resting in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. Fred W. Schmidt was one of a family of four sons and two daughters and with the exception of one son all are yet living. His boyhood days were spent upon the old homestead farm which he helped to clear and cultivate and after arriving at mature years he purchased the land of his father and has continued the work of further development and improvement until he now has one of the excellent farm properties in Clinton township. There are good buildings and everything about the place is neat and thrifty in appearance and as the years go by he harvests good crops, for he follows progressive and practical methods in caring for his fields so that an excellent return is secured for his labor. In May, 1890, Mr. Schmidt was united in marriage in Macomb county to Miss Mary Hammann, a native of the county and a daughter of William Hammarann, who was born in Germany. Seven children grace this marriage: Paul F., Carrie, Edna, Anna, Walter, larold and G(ladys. They also lost one son, who died at the age of thirteen months. The parents were reared in the GerIlan Lutheran church and now hold membership therein. Mr. Schmidt votes with the democratic party, but has never sought or desired office, giving his attention to general agricultural pursuits, and he is to-day classed with the honest yeomen of Maeomlb county. WARREN LAWRENCE. Warren Lawrence has for years been an active business mran and successful farmer of Washington township. He has always lived in Malcolimb county, having first opened his eyes to the light of day on the old Lawrence farm July 5, 1842. His father, John C. Lawrence, was born in Vermlont in 1814 and when a child accompanied his parents on their removal to New York, being reared in Onondaga county. Subsequently he was married there to Betsy Glaspie, a native of the Enmpire state, and in 1835 he removed westward to Michigan, entering from the government a tract of land on the boundary line between Oakland and Macomb counties. This was covered with timber, but he at once cleared away the trees for a log house, built fences and began the cultivation of the soil so that in due course of time rich harvests were gathered. His father, John Lawrence, joined him here a few years later and also bought land in Macomb county, one and a half miles east. They traded farms later, their removal being made in 1851. John C. Lawrence was a thrifty and successful agriculturist and for many PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 467 years carried on the work of tilling the soil, neglecting no effort that would make his business a profitable one in harmony with honorable and straightforward methods. At length he removed from the farm to Romlteo, where he lived retired until his death, which occurred in 1892. Ilis wife had pas ecd away in 1890. Their son Ilenry, nine years older thant Warren, died of cancer of the face in 1876, and their da(iughter, Alice, died at the age of two years. Warren Lawrence, their only living child, was reared uponl the home farm in Washington townshilp and his preliminary education, acquiredt in the comlmon schools, was supplelmented by study in the Oxford high school..lIe remained with his father through the period of his boyhood and youth, workilng in the fields when not engaged with the duties of the schoolroom. Following the attainment of his majority he was married in Washington township, on the 7th of June, 1862, to Miss Phoebe A. (lulick, whose birth occurred in Washington township, while her father, William (Gulick, was a native of New Jersey. The young couple began their doinestic life upon the old homllestead farm and Mr. Lawrence continued its cultivation for twenty years, on the expiration of which period they left the farm and renloved to Romeo in 1885. Iere Mr. Lawrence began d(ealino in agricultural implelments, continuing in that business for ten years. Ile also bought a lot and built a residence in 1885, erecting' a lneat and comfortable house which he still occupies. Since selling his store in Rolmeo he has spent the sumn111er mlonlths in traveling for a harvester company, the Iiliwaukee. Ile bought and still owns eighty acres of land in Washington township andl has another farml of eighty acres in Oakland township, both beingo well illproved properties, which return himr a good income, and thus le realizes a good profit upon hiis investment. Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence have one son, John C. Lawrence, who has been twice mlarried, and has four children: Ielen and Omler, born of the first marriage: and Warren and George, born of the second Ilarriage. He is now a resident of Philadelphia, being ernployed by the American Road iMachine Company of Kennett Squaire, PIennsylvania. Politically Mr. Lawrence is a republican where national issues are involved and his first presidential ballot was east for Abraham Lincoln. lie has never desired office for himself, as his business affairs have claimed his time and energies. Ile belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity of Romeo, has filled all of its chairs and is now serving as past chancellor of the lodge. His life history is another illustration of the fact that success comes as the legitimate result of well-applied energy, unflagging determination and perseverance in a course of action when once decided upon. She smiles not upon the idler or dreamer, and only the man who has justly won her favor is crowned with her blessings. In tracing the history of Mr. Lawrence it is plainly seen that the prosperity which he enjoys has been won lby the commendable qualities above mentioned, together with other traits of character which have also won for hinl the high esteem of those who know him. DAVID F. JONES. David F. Jones, who is one of the substantial agriculturists of the township of Macomb, where he owns a good farm of about one hundred aeres, maintains his residence ill Meade. Ile was born near the old homestead property in Mfacomb township, May 7, 1852. Ilis father was James Jones and he is a brother of Charles H. and Robert N. Jones, wAhose histories are given elsewhere in this volumle. His youth was spent like that of the other Imembers of the family-in work upon the home farm and in attendance at the district school. There he learned the best methods of plowing and planting and of caring for the crops in the autumnn. I-e iremained with his father on the old homestead and afterward carried on the farm for hiil and later received a deed from his mother to the home place. In his work he kept in touch with the ideas of modern progress along agricultural lines. lie built a good house and barn oni the old home farm and continued the work of repair and improveIent and placed his fields under a high state (f cultivation. There lie continued to reside until 1902, when he retired from the farm and located in Meade, where he owns a good residence. He still looks after the farm property, however, and his careful supervision is indicated by the well-kept appearance of the place. David F. Jones was married in Macomb county, May 28, 1874, to Miss Ella Furton, a daughter of John Furton, whose sketch is given on another page of this work. Mrs. Jones is a native daughter of Maconib county and by her marriage she has become the mother of four children: Junia, the wife of 468 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Claude Wright, a merchant of Davis, Michigan; Ida E., a teacher of Macomb county; Ona F., also a teacher; and Ruth, who is attending school. Mr. Jones votes with the democracy and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, as every true American should do, but does not desire office as a reward for party fealty. He and his wife and daughlters are members of the Methodist Episcopal church in Meade and he has taken a very active part in its work, serving as class leader and for a number of years as Sunday-school superintendent. He has a wide acquaintance in the county of his nativity. Ile was reared on the old family homestead, to the ownership of which he later succeeded, and there his children were all born and reared. IIe has been a resident of the same neighborhood throughout his entire life and in his career he has demonstrated the possession of qualities which are commendable and which class him with the best citizens of his community. LOUIS AMEEL. For many years Louis Aineel was actively identified with the business interests of Mount Clemens, but is now living retired, enjoying a well-earned rest. He is a native of Belgiunm, born in 1825. It was on the 13th of July, 1854, that he came to Michigan and took up his residence in Detroit, where he worked at the tailor's trade for three months. At the end of that time Mr. Ameel came to Mount Clemens and for two years was in the employ of Mr. Williams, a tailor, of this place. During the following three years he worked at his trade for eight dollars per month. Believing that he could do better at some other occupation he then erected a building on Cass avenue and embarked in the saloon and grocery business, but disposed of his store in 1863 and for two months he again worked at his trade. He next opened a barber shop, which was the first establishment of the kind in Mount Clemens, and continued to carry on business along that line for thirty years, or until his retirement from active labor in 1895, since which time his son Frank has conducted the shop. Success has attended his well-directed efforts in life and he acquired a comfortable competence, which now en ables him to live in ease and quiet at his pleasant home at No. 65 New street. On the 22d of November, 1859, Mr. Amneel was married in Mount Clemens to Miss Anna Winkles, and they have lecome the parents of twelve children, of whom eight are still living. HENRY PRATT. Few men are more familiar with the pioneer history of Macomb county than Henry Pratt, who was brought here in his early boyhood days and was reared amid the wild scenes of pioneer life. Although now possessing a handsome competency, he was a member of a household in his youth that had hardly the necessities of life and all the hardships, privations and difficulties that fall to the lot of the early settlers were borne by the Pratt family. His birth occurred in Westminster, Upper Canada, February 13, 1845, his parents being Josiah and Charlotte (Waun) Pratt. One of his ancestors was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. His paternal grandfather, Josiah Pratt, Sr., was a native of Massachusetts, while Josiah Pratt, Jr., was born in Vermont, January 8, 1793, and there spent the days of his boyhood and youth and acquired his education. He went from the Green Mountain state to Lower Canada, afterward returned to Vermont and later went to Upper Canada, where he was married to Charlotte Waun. He arrived in Michigan in 1848, and purchased forty acres of land in Berlin township, Macomb county. He afterward sold that and returned to Canada, but two years later he again came to this county, locating on section 1, Armada township. Here he purchased eighty acres of land, but subsequently sold thirty acres of this. He was in very straitened financial circumstances. He had a team of horses which he traded for the land, gave the harness for a cow and ten bushels of wheat and the wagon for a yoke of oxen. The first year he planted two acres, raising thirtytwo bushels of corn and the family lived largely on Johnnycake. The father was a very hardy man, performing a vast amount of labor. Between his home and Memphis a Mr. Rix had built a mill and about five miles from his hone Mr. Pratt found a tree that was forked. This he cut down, leaving the trunk long enough for a tongue and then boring holes in the forks he put in uprights and on those built a kind of crate to hold il i~~~~~~~~~~~i 0 i II I \ * ''I I I MR. AND MRS. HENRY PRATT MISS NELLIE PRATT MR. AND MRS. HARRY J. PRATT II PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 473 four or five sacks of wheat, and in this way they would drive with their oxen to mill and have the breadstuffs for the family ground. They had to blaze a road through the forest to the mill. As the years passed, however, the family prospered and in course of time the father was enabled to purchase a wagon for which he paid one hundred and ten dollars-the first wagon he had owned since trading the one in which he came to Michigan for land. The wolves could be heard howling at night during the first winter. Josiah Pratt was married three times and had twenty-three children, of whom the following are living: Henry; Elizabeth, the wife of C. B. H. Spencer, a farmer of Riley township, St. Clair county, Michigan, by whom she has four sons and three daughters; Edward, who is living in Lapeer county and had three children, of whom two are living; Luther, a farmer living near Mount Clemens, who is married and has five children; Susan, wife of Edwin Talmage, a farmer of Riley township, St. Clair county, by whom she has one child; and George, a resident of Deford, Tuscola county, Michigan, who is married and has two children. Henry Pratt attended the schools of Armada township but did not have the privilege of continuing his studies after he was twelve years of age. He has worked in the pine woods and has led a very active life as a farmer. I-e shared with the family in the hardships and trials resulting from the frontier condition of the county and the financial position of the father and early felt the necessity of providing for his own support. Ile resolved, when a lad, that he would gain a competency in his manhood and he has worked earnestly and persistently to this end. To the original home farm he has added one hundred and seventy acres, so that he now owns two hundred and twenty acres, constituting one of the excellent farm properties of Armada and Richmond townships. On the 17th of March, 1880, Mr. Pratt was married to Miss Helen, daughter of John and Sophia (Puterbeauh) Stonehouse, of Brockway, St. Clair county. She was one of eight children and was born in Ontario, Canada, October 14, 1844, was educated in St. Clair county and died January 11, 1901. They had two children. Nellie S., born March 25, 1881, is a graduate of the Armada high school, has been educated in music and has taken the domestic economy course in the Lansing Agricultural College. She is now keeping house for her father. Harry J., born January 19, 1883, was educated in the district schools in Armada and in the Young Men's Christian Association day school in Detroit, the first institution of the kind in America. He has always followed farming. He was married, March 9, 1905, to Addie L., daughter of William Riley and Mary (Parker) Cleveland, of New Haven, Michigan. He is living on home place with father and is a member of Harmony lodge, 143, A. F. & A. M. Mr. Pratt has always been a stanch democrat. He is a Mason, having for ten years belonged to Harmony lodge, No. 143, A. F. & A. M., at Armada, and for five years of that time was worshipful master and at the end of that time was presented with a solid gold watch and chain. He likewise belongs to Romeo chapter, No. 17, R. A. M., the Eastern Star chapter at Memphis, and Romeo commandery, and is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge and the Independent Order of Foresters. His daughter belongs to the Eastern Star at Armada and both hold membership in the Methodist church. For two years he has been president of the Armada Agricultural Society, of which he has been a member for twelve years, and is also a member of the cemetery board. In his business career he has prospered, carrying out the determination formed in his youth to win prosperity if it could be acquired through persistent, honorable effort. He has allowed no obstacles to brook him in his purpose and is to-day the owner of a valuable farm as the result of his unremitting labor and carefully managed business affairs. ADAM A. BENNETT. Among the native sons of Macomb county, who, preferring to continue their residence in this part of the state have become representative and valued citizens of their respective communities, Adam A. Bennett is numbered. He was born in the village of New Haven, February 5, 1863, and is a son of Adam and Olive S. (Dusett) Bennett. His father was born in Chateaugay, Franklin county, New York, March 18, 1832, and his parents were Adam and Agnes Bennett, natives of Scotland, whence they came to America in the early part of the nineteenth century, settling in the state of New York. The father of our subject was reared in the Empire state, but believing that he might 474 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY have better business opportunities in the west, came to Macomb county in 1859. Here he followed railroad construction, a work which he had first undertaken as a young man on the Great Western & Canadian Railroad. His home in this county was in New haven, where he took up the work of building the Grand Trunk Railroad. Following the completion of the line he was made road foreman and in that capacity acted for a number of years, when failing sight compelled him to give up railroad work. Ile then turned his attention to general merchandising as a partner of I. N. Cook and opened a store in a building near where the postoffice now stands. That buildinig was afterward destroyed by fire and they opened another store where the barber shop is now located. They continued in merchandising for ten years and also engaged in purchasing grain and produce. On the expiration of that decade they sold out and Mr. Bennett turned his attention to the real estate business and conveyancing. tie was also administrator of many of the old estates and his advice was widely sought on legal questions. It was conscientiously given to al alike, unmixed with personal prejudice, and his honorable treatment of those with whom he came in contact gained for him the strongest regard and friendship. In politics lie was a stanch democrat and in the 80s, in connection with H. Canfield, of Alount Clemens, he turned the township, which had hitherto been strongly republican, over to the democracy. In 1894 he was elected on the deinocratic ticket to the state legislature from the first district of Macomb county. In 1896, however, having been again nominated, he was defeated, with the remainder of the ticket. On the organization of the village of New Haven in 1869 he was chosen first assessor and was afterward elected president. For many years he was very active in township matters and filled the offices of supervisor, township clerk and township treasurer, while at the time of his death he was serving as justice of the peace. IHe was also very prominent in church work, being a member of the New Iaven Congregational church and in its work he took a most active and helpful part, filling the positions of Sunday-school superintendent, deacon, trustee, clerk and treasurer. His efforts were so interwoven with the activities of the church that his death was most deeply regretted in its membership and his place has been difficult to fill. He was a member of Miount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., and also of Mount Clemens chapter No. 69, R. A. M. his first wife, the mother of Adam A. Bennett, died December 26, 1865, and in 1867 Mr. Bennett was married to Miss Amanda M. Worden, of Monroe county, Michigan, by whom he had four children, three yet living, namely: Mrs. Esther V. Lewis, of Toledo, Ohio; Edwin J., who is living in Springfield, Ohio; and Mabel M., of Ann Arbor, Michigan. MAr. Bennett died September 30, 1899, and was laid to rest with Masonic honors, about forty of his brethren of the fraternity attending the funeral. MAany relatives and a large concourse of friends gathered to pay their last respects to Mr. Bennett, who had long lived in their imidst and was honored and respected by all who knew him. He had ever been a fearless champion of the right, an advocate of reform and progress, and had contributed in substantial measure to the social, the material, political and moral advancement of the community. HIis name is a synonym for integrity, and untarnished was given as a precious legacy to his children. IHis widow afterward removed to Ann Arbor, where she lived with her daughter until her death, August 29, 1903. Adam A. Bennett supplemented his early education, acquired in the district school, by study in the high school of New Haven,, from which he was graduated with the class of 1881. He is also a graduate of the Detroit Business University of the class of 1890 and he entered upon his business career as a teacher in district No. 7, Chesterfield township, where he remained for two years. He then accepted a position as bookkeeper for II. R. Hazelton in a general store at Washington, where he spent seven years, after which he occupied a similar position with A. M. Salliotte, a lumber merchant of Detroit, with whom he spent two years at Ashley and one year at Detroit. He then resigned his position in order to accept the appointment of postmaster at New Haven, acting in that capacity for three years, when he returned to his former employer, Mr. Salliotte, but four years later was again compelled to resign on account of ill health. He was, however, retained by Mr. Salliotte as his auditor and still fills that position. On giving l p the active work of bookkeeping he once more took up his abode in New Haven. Although but a young man his legal advice is sought by many. He is connected with various important real estate transactions and now has PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 475 about fifteen acres of his property divided into village lots. lie has thoroughly informed himself concerning realty values and is enabled to help his patrons make judicious investments. lie is likewise a director in the New Haven Savings Bank and is regarded as one of the representative and capable business mIen of his native village. Like his father Mr. Bennett has always been interested and active in political affairs anId gives his support to the democratic party. The first office to which he was called was thatf ost ster of Nst s ew Iltaven in 1893 and in 1895 he was elected township cl erk, being the onil candidate oni the ticket chosen for office that year. Again he wals eleeted in 1896 and once I ore in 1900, and in 190)1 he was elected lsupervisor andl has since b)een elected for fi oscive onseti terms. Ile las also been co nci ilm an in the village for:;ix years and in the discharge of the varied dulities which have thus beenl assigned hill he Ihas ever been fo)tld proml)ipt, faithful and capiale. In his fraternal relations, where he has been honored with office, he belonogs to AMIount Cllemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. MA.; Mount Clemens chapter, No. 69, R. A. M.: Court G(eorge Washingtoin, No. 1408, 1. 0. F., of New 1Haven; anid New Haven lodge, No. 465, I. 0. 0. F. In the last named he has filled all the principal chairs and has twice been elected representative to the grand lodge. On the 15th of September, 1885, 1Mr. Bennett was married to Miss F. Adella )ryer, a daughter of John F. and Thankful E. (Cole) Dryer, of Lenox township. HIer father was born in New York in 1828 and was a son of Thomas F. Dryer, who came to Macomb county in 1837, settling in Lenox township, where he took up land from the government, performing the arduous task of developing a new farm amid pioneer environments. He was prominent both in church and township affairs and was the first clerk of Lenox township, being elected in 1837 and serving continuously in that office until 1847. He was also a member of the New Haven Congregational church and for many years served as one of its deacons. John F. Dryer was quiet and unassuming and very industrious, and in his farming operations met with success, accumulating a competence that enabled him in March, 1884, to put aside further business cares and live retired in New Iaven. There he passed away December 14, 1899, leaving a widow and two children: Charles, a resident of New Haven; and Mrs. Bennett. lJnto Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have been born two sons, Adain J. and Neil. The interests which have made claim upon the time and attention of Mr. Bennett have been varied, for everything which tends to the betterment of conditions of mankind, for the stimulus of material progress or the improvement of his village and county receives his endorseelllnt and assistance. Ite stands to-day as a representative of an honored pioneer family and yet it is his personal worth that has (ailned for him the good will and warm friendship of those with whom lie has been associated. LUDWI(I SIMON. Ludwig Sinon, a real estate dealer of Mount Clemens, is a native of Rhine-Bavaria, Gerlmany, born Noveniber 19, 1856, and is descetnded fromi an old Huguenot family, who were driven out of France on account of their religious views and loeated in Rhine-Bavaria. His parents were Justice and Wilhelmina (Gotthold) Simon, also natives of Rhine-Bavaria, where they spent their entire lives. The father was a merchant, conducting a large and profitable business, and was prominent in his community. He died in 1873, at the age of fifty-two years, while his wife passed away in 1869. at the age of thirty-nine years. In their family were fifteen children, seven of whom reached adult age, namely: Louisa, the wife of George Feinthel, of the province of RhineBavaria; Carl, a retired merchant of Rome. New York; Ludwig; Eliza, deceased; Gustav, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Wilhellina; and Henry, of Rhine-Bavaria. Ludwig Simon pursued his education in the province of Rhine-Bavaria, attending the public schools and a business college there. He served in the German army for two years, holding the rank of corporal, and he entered upon his business career in his father's store, where he remained until his father's death. In July, 1881, Mr. Simon came to the United States, settling first in Utica, New York, where for one year he worked in a book bindery owned by A. J. Purvis. He then entered upon an independent business venture, purchasing the book bindery of Noble & Kelly, which he conducted until 1892 in partnership with Fred E. Barnum, under the name of Simon & Barnum. In the year mentioned he sold out and came to 476 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Mount Clemens to take the baths, suffering from rheumatism. He was much benefited here and concluded to remain, so that he soon afterward opened a real estate office and has since engaged in this business, meeting with gratifying success. IIe now has a good clientage and is thoroughly informed concerning realty values in this city and the surrounding districts. IIe has negotiated many important realty transfers and is a most enterprising, wide-awake business man. In 1904 he built the first house of cement in Mount Clemens and is now occupying this attractive residence. On the 13th of MIarch, 1893, at St. Catharines, Ontario, Mr. Simon was married to Miss Netta Dolson, who was educated in the public schools and in St. Joseph's convent at St. Catharines, receiving instruction in French, English and domestic science, in addition to various classical studies. Unto them has been born a son, Ludwig Carl Goodfellow. Samuel Goodfellow Dolson, Mrs. Simon's father, is a native of Lewiston, New York, and of Holland Dutch lineage. In 1830, when about three years old, he accompanied his parents on their removal to St. Catharines, Ontario, where he grew to manhood, becoming one of the prominent business men of that place. He owned and conducted a large lumber yard, and as a contractor and architect has erected three hundred dwellings, ranging in cost from four hundred to ten thousand dollars; twenty business blocks; one bank; a Masonic temple; an Odd Fellows building; four churches; six large schoolhouses; a twentyfive thousand dollar convent; a courthouse; manufacturing buildings and hotels. IIe is now supervising architect of the new armory at St. Catharines, costing eighty thousand dollars. He has served as a member of the city council of St. Catharines; has filled the office of assessor for thirty-seven consecutive years; and has been a member of the board of health for fifteen years. For fiftythree years he has been a member of the Odd Fellows society; has passed all the chairs in the subordinate lodge; and has also held office in the grand lodge of Ontario, being grand secretary, grand master, grand representative to the supreme grand lodge of the United States, grand patriarch in the grand encampment of Ontario, and grand representative of the patriarchal branch of the United States. At the age of twentyfour years he also joined the Masons and has attained the degrees of the Royal Arch chapter, in which he has held the principal offices. He has passed all the chairs in the blue lodge. When twenty-four years of age Mr. Dolson married Miss Henrietta Moffatt, who was born in Watertown, New York, and was then nineteen years of age. On the 23d of October, 1901, they celebrated their golden wedding, there being about eighty guests present, and it proved a very enjoyable event. Unto this worthy couple were born nine daughters, of whom seven are still living, namely: Eliza Ellen, the widow of Frederick Witbeck and a resident of Lockport, New York; Frances M., the wife of Isaac Usher, who is connected with the large cement works at Queenstown, Ontario; Addie Louise, the widow of Thomas W. Cole, of Chicago; Carrie, the wife of Iarry Stork, a magician, of Rochester, New York; Harriett S., the widow of James (G. Frank, of Chicago; Mrs. Simon; and Josephine, the wife of Lewis Charles Roeber, who is interested in the oil fields of Salt Lake City, Utah. Those deceased are Marietta and Jennie. Mr. Simon belongs to Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., and was made a Mason in Oriental lodge at Utica, New York, in 1895. He was confirmed in the German Lutheran church at the age of thirteen years, while his wife is a member of the Presbyterian church. Although many have longer been connected with the business interests of Mount Clemens, none are more typically representative of the business interests of the city than Mr. Simon, who by his enterprising methods and keen business discrimination has gained success, becoming a leading resident of his adopted city. SIMON IH. IIEATHI. Simon H. Heath, who is filling the position of postmaster at Richmond, is a native of the Empire state, his birth having occurred at Carleton, Orleans county, on the 7th of August, 1840. His paternal grandfather, Simon Heath, a native of New Iampshire was one of the heroes of the Revolutionary war and removed from the old Granite state to Vermont, while later he became a resident of Orleans county, New York, where his death occurred. His son, John Ieath, born in Vermont, remained a resident of New York for a number of years and on emigrat PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 477 ing to MAichigan located near Hillsdale, where he turned his attention to farming. lie wedded Mary E. Strickland, who was born in the state of New York. Simon II. Heath of this review spent his boyhood days in the old farm home at Iillsdale, where he remained until twenty-one years of age, when he canme to Richmlond and was engaged in clerking in the Pioneer store, a general store and postoffice. lie was thus employed until July, 1864. In July, 1861, he had offered his services to the government in response to the call for ninety thousand troops. HIs half-brother having enlisted and the regiment being full when he enrolled, Simon It. Heath came to Richmond and accepted the position which his half-brother had filled. After three years, however, he joined the army as a member of Company H, Fourth Michigan Infantry, under Colonel Hall, and was mustered in at Adrian, Michigan. The colmmand went to Nashville, Tennessee, and afterward to Decatur, Alabama, being engaged largely in picket duty. Continuing in that section of the country for about a year he was then honorably discharged in September, 1865, and returned to his home in ill-health, owing to the hardships and rigors of war. For about a year thereafter he was incapacitated for business life. In 1866 he came to Richmond and returned to his old employer. He continued clerking here until 1871, when he made a trip to Kansas, where he spent two years and upon again coming to Richmond he once more followed clerking. In 1876, however, he began business for himself, conducting his store for seven years. Iie was then appointed and served as justice of the peace and subsequently he re-entered commercial circles in Richmond, purchasing a book store and newsstand. In July, 1889, he was appointed postmaster of Richmond by President Iarrison, filling the position for four years, and was again appointed by President iMcKinley and on the 1st of January, 1905, was reappointed by President Roosevelt, at which time the office was raised to the third class. He is now acting in this capacity and gives a practical and satisfactory administration to the patrons of the office. For many years he has been engaged in the conveyancing and insurance business and he has acted as executor in the settlement of many estates. Frequently his appointment was unknown until the will was read. He is a man of unquestioned integrity in all business affairs and because of this many evidences of public trust and confidence have been bestowed upon him. Mr. Heath was married in 1876 to Miss Anna O. Beebe, of Richmond, Michigan, a daughter of Alexander Beebe, the eldest of the three Beebe brothers who were pioneer settlers of this place. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Heath have been born the following named: J. Alexander; Charles H., who is now in the postal service on the rural free delivery route; and Maud I., deceased. Mr. Heath, aside fronm the postoffice, has filled other local offices, having been township treasurer for seven years and township clerk for two terms. He was justice of the peace for twenty-two years, his incumbency outlasting that of any other man who has filled the position. His decisions are strictly fair and impartial, being based upon the evidence, the law in the case and the equity involved. He holds membership with the Grand Army of the Republic and for forty years has been a Mason, exemplifying in his life the public spirit of the craft. IHe is a leading and influential citizen of his community, his friends recognizing his genial spirit and worth and according him their confidence and good will. FRANCIS J. MILLER. Francis J. Miller, a member of the firm of F. J. Miller & Brother, dealers in hardware, farm implements, paints and oils at Center Line, was born on a farm near the village, October 7, 1870, and is of Germlan lineage, his paternal grandparents being John Peter and Margaret (Vouspender) Miller, who were natives of the fatherland and with their farnily came to America in 1842, settling on section 22, Warren township, Macomb county, Michigan, in what is now the Center Line district, which was then an almost unbroken wilderness in which the Indians were encamped and in which wild animals had their haunts. Owing to the death of the grandfather the year following his arrival in this country the toil and hardships of clearing the homestead fell upon the mother and her four children: Joseph, now of Detroit; Peter, who died in 1898; MIary Ann, now the wife of Jacob Kramer, of Warren township; and Mathias, who was then only seven years of age. Mathias Miller was born in Prussia, Germany, March 7, 1836, and was therefore only six years of age when his parents crossed the 478 PAST AND PRESENT OF MA COMB COUNTY Atlantic to the new world. Iis education was only such as the district schools of those early days afforded and as soon as old enough to work he assisted on the farm, of which he took charge in 1855, afterward caring for his mother until her death in 1876, and thus repaying her in part for the care and training which she gave him in his youth and for the sacrifices she made for her family. TIe is a member of St. Clemens church at Center iine and also of St. Clemens Aid Society. On the 17th of January, 1865, Mathias Miller was married to Aliss Elizabeth Neugabauer, who was born in Prussia in 1845 and in 1853 was brought to Macomlb county by her parents, Francis Joseph Neugabaner and his wife, of Warren township. By this marriage the following children were born: Joseph, who is engaged in the grocery business in Delray, Michigan; Francis J.; Robert A., who is a member of the firm of Miller Brothers; Mrs. Joseph Jerou, of Warren township; Margaret, a Sister of Providence in St. Mary's of the Woods Convent, at St. Mary's, Indiana; Mrs. Joseph Murphy, of Sterling township; Katherine, of Center Line; John William, Irene and Edith, all on the home farm. All of the children are prominent in musical circles and nearly all are mlembers of the choir of St. Clemens church, while Mrs. Miller is president of St. Mary's Aid Society. Francis J. Miller was educated in St. Clemens school and remlained with his father on the farm until 1891, after which he engaged in the saloon business until 1896. He then returned to the farm, but after a year opened an implemlent and hardware store in Center line, carrying a large line of farm implelnents, general hardware, paints and supplies. In 1902 he admitted his brother Robert to a partnership under the present firm style of F. J. Miller & Brother. Mr. Miller has proved himself a man of exceptional business ability and has succeeded in building up an extensive trade. Iis success is attributable to his own efforts and to his earnest efforts to meet the wishes of his patrons. On the 21st of October, 1896, Mr. Miller was married to Miss Sophia Kramer, a daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Kramer, of Detroit. They have six children: Constance, Leona, Urban, Mildred, Edward and Margaret, all at home. Mrs. Miller is a sister of Rev. John F. Kramer, of St. Clemens church, and belongs to St. Mary's Aid So ciety. Mr. Miller is also a communicant of that church and belongs to St. Clemens Society. He is affiliated with the German Arbeiter, of Warren, and Warren tent, No. 635, K. 0. T. M., and in politics is a democrat. In 1895 he was elected township treasurer and the following year was re-elected. His history presents a type of civic and church loyalty, of devotion to his family and of reliability in business relations. ELMER V. SUTTON. Elmer V. Sutton, who is filling the office of register of deeds, was born in Richmond, Macomb county, February 23, 1868. IHe belongs to one of the old pioneer families of this locality, his paternal grandfather, James H. Sutton, having settled in Ray township in 1839. There he secured land and began farming, but subsequently he removed to Richmond township, where his remaining days were passed. His death occurred in 1883, when he was seventy-eight years of age. He had taken a helpful part in the early progress and improvement of this portion of the state and because of his activity and material assistance his name should be inscribed high on the roll of honored pioneer citizens of Macomb county. His son, Charles H. Sutton, was born near Batavia, New York, April 13, 1835, and was, therefore, quite young when brought by his parents to Michigan. Here he was reared upon the honme farm amid pioneer environments and he became familiar with the labor necessary to the development and cultivation of the fields. Ile married Eliza A. Stuart, also a native of New York, her birth occurring in the vicinity of Batavia, July 9, 1837. She was a daughter of Williall R. and Anna R. (Victory) Stuart, a native of the Empire state, who in 1844, removed to St. Clair county, Michigan, where his death occurred. M\r. and Mrs. Charles I-. Sutton became the parents of three children: John R., born October 13, 1860, who was elected on the republican ticket and is serving as assessor of Adams county, Colorado; Elmer V.; and Charles S., who was born February 12,1874, and is engaged in farming near Richmond on the old homestead. Elmer V. Sutton spent his early life on the home farm in Richmond township, began his education in the district schools, and continued his studies in the high school of the village of Richmond, where he was grad EL.MER V. SUTTTON. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 48I uated with the class of 1889. He afterward spent two years in Denver, Colorado, where he was engaged in the dairy business. He went to the west in March, 1890, and remained there until June, 1892, when he returned home and took charge of his father's farm, which he operated for two years. On the expiration of that period he removed to Richnlond, where he was engaged in the laundry business for seven years, or until 1901. He then gave his attention to various pursuits until the fall of 1902, when he was elected to the office of register of deeds of Maconb county on the republican ticket, receiving a majority of two hundred and thirty-two. On the expiration of his first term he was re-elected by the largest majority ever given to any candidate on the republican ticket in Macomb county, having a plurality of about sixteen hundred and fifty three, his home town of Richmond giving him a plurality of three hundred and forty-five. His opponent only received one hundred and two votes of the entire number cast in that township. At his first election lie received in the township of Richmond four hundred and four votes, while his opponent only received ninety-four. He had made an excellent record as an officer and his elections have certainly been proof of his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. He is careful and systematic in the work of the office, faithful and true to every trust reposed in him and through his official service has won the high commendation of the general public. The office is managed on strictly business principles and he has more than fulfilled the claims of his friends. That he has become popular is shown by the fact that he carried the city of Mount Clemnens by a majority of two hundred and two, when it usually returns a strong demnocratic majority. Promptness and courtesy characterize his treatment of all who have business to transact in his office, and his genial and unassuming manner and kindly spirit well qualify him for the duties of his position. He has also held offices in his township, having served as clerk and as treasurer for two years each. The home life of Mr. Sutton has been very pleasant. Ile was happily married on the 19th of June, 1892, to Miss Cornelia England, a daughter of John and Cornelia (Stevens) England, of this county. Their children are: Mabel S., born May 12, 1893; E. Merle, January 1, 1897; Ila V., October 20, 1898; and Mildred A., October 4, 1904. Fraternally Mr. Sutton is connected with the Knights of Maccabees, the Woodmen of the World, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, while in the Masonic fraternity he has taken the degrees of the lodge, chapter and council in Mount Clemens. He served as secretary of the lodge at Richmond, also of the Odd Fellows' lodge there. Mr. Sutton does not belong to that class of political leaders who court public favor at the expense of their private opinions, but through true nobility of character has gained the confidence and good will of his fellowmen, and enjoys the warm personal regard of many with whom he has been brought in contact socially, politically and through business relations. JOIN HENRY WILSON. John Henry Wilson is amlong the worthy citizens that England has furnished to Macomb county, his birth having occurred in Nottinghamshire, October 12, 1834. He now resides in Armada township, successfully following the occupation of farming on section 6. He is a son of John and Sarah (Cook) Wilson. His father, a native of Lincolnshire, came to America in 1836 and for some time thereafter was a resident of Detroit, whence he removed to Mount Clemens. In 1842 he took up his abode in Berlin, St. Clair county, MAichigan, walking through the woods from Mount Clemens in company with his son John H., who was then eight years of age. They drove with them a cow and had to make their own path as there were no roads at the time. The father built a log cabin sixteen by sixteen feet, with bark on both sides of the logs, and there was also a bark roof and stone fireplace. The floor was made of split basswood logs. In those days the Indians were very numerous in this part of the state and the entire district was largely in its primitive condition. Bears were frequently seen in the forests and there were many deer and wild turkeys, so that the settlers did not lack for meat on their tables. The father died in July, 1875, at the age of eighty-one years, and the mother in November, 1890, at the same age. John Henry Wilson was reared amid pioneer conditions, sharing with the family in all the hardships and trials that are imposed 482 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY by frontier life. He assisted in the arduous task of developing a home farm and in 1858, when he was about twenty-four years of age, he purchased forty acres of land on section 6 and began the development of the farm upon which he now resides, although he has since extended its boundaries from time to time until he now owns one hundred and eighty-six acres of land. His educational privileges were few, but to a limited extent he pursued his studies in an old log schoolhouse. He possessed, however, strong determination and energy and won success in the business world. Throughout his entire life he has followed farming and is to-day classed with the substantial agriculturists of his community, having an excellent tract of land, well equipped with modern improvements. On the 13th of October, 1860, Mr. Wilson was united in marriage to Miss Mary Shepherd, who was born in Perthshire, Scotland, October 5, 1839, a daughter of David and Annie (Lamond) Shepherd. IHer father came to America in 1856 and settled in Berlin township, St. Clair county, Michigan. Unto MIr. and Mrs. Wilson were born nine children: Albert N., born July 21, 1861, is a farmer, of Armada township. He married Addie Powers and they had three children, but one has passed away, Ellora, who became the wife of Will H. Berk, a produce merchant, of Detroit, and died December 1, 1904, leaving a daughter, Lois E. Cyrus T. was born May 6, 1863, and died March 17, 1864. Peter H., born December 31, 1864, and now follows farming on section 5, Armada township, married Addie Draper and has three children. Mary J., born January 7, 1867, engaged in teaching school for a few years, then pursued a business education at Ypsilanti and is now a bookkeeper in Detroit. John T., born October 26, 1868, is a farmer of Berlin township, St. Clair county. Ile married Rose Draper and had three children, of whom two are living. Robert A., born June 1, 1872, lives at home, but owns a farm on sections 8 and 9, Armada township. Sarah, born July 3, 1875, taught school for four years in Macomb county and one year in Lapeer county. She was a student in the Normal Conservatory at Ypsilanti and taught music for one year, but is now at home keeping house for her father. David S., born June 23, 1877, and James W., born October 4, 1879, have formed a partnership and are engaged in the milling business at Smith, St. Clair county. Mr. Wilson votes with the republican party, having supported its presidential candidates since casting his first vote for John C. Fremont. He is identified with the Grange and holds to the religious faith of the Society of Friends. His wife was a member of the Presbyterian church and was to him a faithful companion and helpmate, sharing with him the hardships and trials as well as the pleasures of life. Ier noble, self-sacrificing spirit was felt not alone in the home but throughout the whole community, where she was familiarly and lovingly known as Grandma Wilson. She died on the 19th of February, 1904. Mr. Wilson has spent almost his entire life in Michigan and during the greater part of the time has been a resident of Macomb county. Almost three score years and ten have passed since he was brought by his parents to this state and he has therefore witnessed the greater part of its development and improvement. The knowledge that others have gained concerning the growth and upbuilding of the state through reading and the study of history has come to him as a matter of experience and observation and he is therefore acquainted with the chief events of what have formed the annals of MIacomb county. MRS. HARRIET E. CUYLER. Mrs. Harriet E. Cuyler, who is widely and favorably known in Mount Clemens and throughout the surrounding country, was born in Norwich, Canada, April 15, 1853, and is a daughter of Eli Woodrow, a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and of Quaker descent. He was born in 1811, and in early life went to Canada, where he married Catherine Rooney, whose birth occurred in Ireland in 1807, she being twenty-five years of age when she came to the new world. This worthy couple became the parents of nine children, all born in Canada, namely: Mary J. is now the wife of John Collins, a farmer of Lapeer county, Michigan, and their children are Nettie, Mary. Ella, Fred, Ida, Daniel and Emnma. Mr. and Mrs. Collins hold membership in the Metho(list Episcopal church and he is a democrat in politics. Amos Bidwell Woodrow, who was a lumberman of MIenominee, Michigan, was killed at Badaxe. IHe was a supporter of the republican party and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and the PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 483 Masonic fraternity. For his first wife he married Nancy Harris, by whom he had one daughter, Enada Cecilia, and his second wife was Louise Robertson. Nancy A. Woodrow married William Hosner, who was a farmer by occupation and was a soldier of the Civil war, and they have a son, W. W. Hosner, of Mount Clenens, who first married Jennie Hall, now deceased, second married Edna Fay, of Stratford, Ontario. William Hosner is also a Mason and a supporter of the republican party, while his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. Joseph E. Woodrow, a millwright and carpenter, of Lapeer county, has been twice married and by the first union had one daughter, Ada, now the wife of Dr. Edward G. Vandawalker, who is a graduate of Ann Arbor University and is now engaged in practice at Suttons Bay, Michigan. For his second wife Joseph E. Woodrow married Hattie Thomas, a native of Canada, and to then were born two sons: Henry E., who married Retta Bradshaw and is a dentist of Lansing; and Ierbert, who married Agnes Papenan and is a fireman on the Pere Marquette Railroad, living at Port IHuron. Louise M. Woodrow has been quite a musician since a small child and has engaged in teaching that art. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and a resident of North Branch, Mlichigan. where she owns a farm. Elmma A. Woodrow married Elijah Barrett, engineer in a sawmill in Lapeer county, and she died leaving one son, Edgar, who is engaged in lumberino with his uncle. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and her husband is a democrat in politics. A. B. Woodrow is deceased. Mrs. Cuyler is the youngest member of the family now living. Two children, Matilda and James, died in infancy. Mrs. Cuyler was principally reared and educated at Attica, Lapeer county, Michigan, and when a young lady learned dressmaking. On the 19th of April, 1872, she gave her hand in marriage to William B. Cuyler, who was born in Newmarket, Canada, March 23, 1846, and came to Michigan in 1863, locating at Attica, where he was employed as head sawyer and engineer in his father's mill for two years. At the end of that time he turned his attention to photography, and beingl a natural artist he met with great success in that undertaking. He conducted a studio at Lapeer for a time and then removed to Romneo, Macomb county, where he successfully engaged in business until ill health forced him to leave. During the following five years he was a resident of Colorado, where he was engaged in making views of outdoor life, and at the end of that time he located at Delphi, Indiana, where he carried on a photographic gallery for about two years. IIe next opened a fine studio at Greenfield, Indiana, where in connection with photography he also does portrait work and oil painting, and is meeting with marked success at that place. By his ballot he supports the men and measures of the democratic party, and he affiliates with the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Cuyler were born three children: Nina Kittie, the eldest, was born November 19, 1874, and was graduated at St. Mary's Academy at Windsor, Ontario. On her return home she was ill from overstudy and died on the 13th of November, 1893, being laid to rest in Clinton Grove cemetery. Laurette M., born March 27, 1878, is also a graduate of St. Mary's Academy, Windsor, Ontario. She was married April 19, 1904, in Detroit, to Richard B. Remer, a composer and music publisher now living in Mount Clemens. HI-e was born in Monaca, Pennsylvania, May 8, 1881, and is the only child of August C. and Emma (Blatt) Remer, the former a native of France and the latter of Monaca, Pennsylvania. The father was only eleven years of age when he came to America. Richard B. Remer casts his ballot with the republican party. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of the Maccabees, the Woodmen of the World and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and religiously he is a member of the English Lutheran church, while his wife belongs to the First Presbyterian church of Mount Clemens. Zoe Letta, the youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Cuyler, was born August 8, 1881, and died October 12, 1892, her remains being interred in Clinton Grove cemetery. While her husband was engaged in business elsewhere Mrs. Cuyler conducted a photographic gallery in Mount Clemens for seven years, and in carrying on the business she displayed marked ability and artistic taste. She finally sold out in 1894 to A. C. Novess, who in turn sold to A. F. Mann, the present proprietor. Since then Mrs. Cuyler has lived retired and now makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Remer, at 484 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 122 Cass avenue. She is a woman of many admirable traits of character and has a host of friends in Mount Clemens. CALVIN D. CHURCH. Calvin D. Church, a member of the firm of St. John & Church, of Utica, was born September 5, 1858, in Shelby township, Macomb county. His father, Haswell Church, was a native of Vermont and came to Michigan about 1840, making the journey by way of the Erie canal and across the country to his destination. He was a carpenter, joiner and millwright and he worked in Mount Clemens, Utica and other places in the county. Finally he settled upon a farm in Shelby township and successfully carried on agricultural pursuits. In 1864 he was elected sheriff by the soldier vote, but this vote was thrown out. In 1866, however, he was again a candidate and was elected at that time and again in 1868, thus serving for two terms. He held the office of township treasurer for a number of years and while thus engaged lost some money by receiving wildcat currency. He figured prominently in industrial, mercantile and political circles at an early day and was a valued resident of his community. Ite married Mary Ann Davis, a representative of one of the oldest families of Macomb county, the first of the name here coming from New York when few were the settlements which had been made in this part of the state. The grandfather, Calvin Davis, arrived about 1812 and was a man of marked influence in his community, his career reflecting credit and honor upon the state which honored him. He was a member of the first state legislature and was the first postmaster in the town of Macomb. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Church were born the following named: Frank S., a member of the police force and a custom house officer at Bay City, Michigan, is married and has three sons and two daughters; Fannie and Nettie died in infancy; Hattie is the wife of A. E. Van Eps, an abstractor, of Mount Clemens, and they have one daughter; Johnnie E. died in infancy; Calvin D. is the next of the family; Sylvia was the wife of James H. St. John and died in 1884; Jennie L. is the wife of E. H. Conner, a traveling man of Mount Clemens, and has two sons; Florence is the widow of John Weltz and with one daughter resides in Mount Clemens; Fisk H. died at the age of twelve years. Calvin D. Church continued his studies in the schools of Mount Clemens and Davis and after pursuing a high school course he began farming at Davis, following that pursuit for ten or twelve years. He was afterward in the hardwood and lumber business at different points, buying and shipping all over the state and when two years had passed in that manner he came to Utica, where in 1894 he formed a partnership with James H. St. John and has since been engaged in the coal, lumber and grain trade. The firm has a large business in handling these commodities and they enjoy an excellent reputation as alert, enterprising and progressive business men. Mr. Church is also owner of a farm lying in the corporate limits of the village. In April, 1892, Calvin D. Church wedded Parmelia St. John, a daughter of James and Myrtie (Wright) St. John, of Shelby township, this county. She is a graduate of the Utica high school, was educated in the Detroit Conservatory of Music, was a pupil of Professor Hahn and taught music in the vicinity of Utica for several years. She has superior talent in that direction and is a valued factor in social circles here. Mr. and Mrs. Church have two children: Fisk St. John, born February 26, 1895; and Clarence Iarry, born December 29, 1896, both in school. M1r. Church has always been a republican and he belongs to the Foresters of Utica, and the Hoo Hoo. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Without extraordinary family or pecuniary advantages at the commencement of life he has battled earnestly and energetically and by indomitable courage and energy has achieved both character and a competency. AUGUST R. HAHN. In every community are found men of enterprise and energy whose business activity proves an important element of public prosperity and progress. To this class in Utica belongs Mr. Hahn, who was born in Pasewalk, in Pomerania, Germany, December 26, 1856, his parents being Frederick and Mary (Engel) Hahn. The father was captain of a boat sailing on the lakes and rivers of Germany and followed that occupation during the greater part of his life. In 1869 he crossed the Atlantic to America, settling four and a half miles west of Mount Clemens, where he purchased land in Macomb township and began the development AUGUST R. HAHN. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 487 of a farm upon which he still resides. He has now been a leading agriculturist of his community for thirty-six years and is well known in his part of the county. Iis wife died in 1900. In their family were four sons and three daughters, and of this nuinber six are yet living, as follows: August; Elizabeth, the wife of John HIavel, a resident of Mlacomll) township; Augusta, the wife of Chris Kamien, a farmer of the same township; Ernst, who is married and lives in Utica, where he is engaged in business with his brother August; William, who is employed in a hardware store in Utica; John, who is married and lives on the old family homestead. August R. Hahn, the oldest melmber of the family, pursued his education in Germany, where for six years lie attended school and was a pupil of the same teacher who directed his mother's education in her early oirlhood. ITe was twelve years of age at the time of the removal of the family to America and here he worked upon a farm for four years, after which he beganl learning the miller's trade. Hle began as a roustabout, but after about a year was pronioted and was gradually advanced, in recognition of his ability alnd capable service, until he was mlade head miller. Subsequently he leased the niill, which he operated for two years, and then with the capital which ihe had acquired through his own labors, he embarked in the hardware trade il 1888, purchasing the hardware stock of,John Ilasely for twenty-six hundred dollars. 'This stock he continually increased to meet the growing demands of the trade uintil he now carries a stock valued at eight thousand two hundred dollars, and he has also erected a large and substantial building' for the accollmmodation of his business. Ile carries not only shelf and heavy hardware but also a good line of farm implements, and draws a gratifying trade from the village and surrounding country. Ile has the lari-est hardware store in Ultica anid in additioen to this he owns stock in the Ultica Creamlervy aind good property in the town. On the 4th of January, 1881, Air. 11ahn was mnarried to Miss Fredericka Boettcher, a daughter of Christoph and Dorothea (Bresiem) Boettcher. Her parents were residents of Pomerania, Germany, where Mrs. Hahn was born. There are seven children of this marriage: Albert, twenty years of age, who was educated in the high school of Utica and is now a clerk in his father's store; l)orothea, sixteen years of age; Agnes, fifteen; Benno, twelve; HIugo, who was born in 1890; Gertrude, who is ten years of age; and William McKinley, born in 1896. With the exception of the eldest all of the children are still in school. Mr. Hahn has been a stanch republican from the time when age gave to him the right of franchise. He served as township clerk, was a member of the school board for ten years, was deputy sheriff four years, under sheriff for four years and is now county deputy sheriff and president of the village of Utica. He belongs to Utica lodge, No. 75, A. F. & A. M., in which he is serving as secretary, and both he and his wife are lmembers of the Lutheran church. In the field of political life and colmmiercial activity he has won prominence and is to-day nunlbered among the leading, influential and successful citizells of Utica. FRANK SCOTT CHURCH. This is a ultilitarian age and is pre-eminently the epoch of invention. Mlechanical ingenuity has reached a high state of perfection and has given to the world many valuable devices for the saving of labor and resulting in more perfect workmanship. Mr. Church of this review has a national reputation because of his efforts in this direction and he has placed upon the market various devices which are the outcome of his inventive genius. Ie is yet a young man, whose efforts are continually reaching out to other lines, and undoubtedly his usefulness in the world of invention has not yet reached its height. A native of Miichigan, he was born in Chesaning, October 18, 1866, and is a son of Willard TH. Church, of Disco, Michigan, who was married to Esther M. Sutherland, a native of this county. The grandfather, TUmphrey Church, was born in Vermont, and when twenty-five years of age became a resident of Livingston county, Michigan. THe afterward removed to Macomb county, where he spent his remlaining days, passing away at the very venerable age of ninety years. Throughout the greater part of his life he followed farming. Willard H. Church lived in Chesaning and in Livingston county and in various other localities to which his business called him. Ile was a carpenter and builder and had an extensive patronage, erecting buildings, in many parts 488 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOIMB COUNTY of the state. At the time of the Civil war he espoused the Union cause, enlisting in the Tenth Michigan Infantry, with which he served until discharged on account of fever. After his recovery he enlisted in the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry and continued at the front until the close of hostilities. lie took part in many important engagements, including the battles of Bull Run, Shiloh, the Wilderness and others. He also suffered wounds and other injuries during his military experience, and he died May 9, 1904. His wife, Esther M. Sutherland, was a daughter of Silas and Mary Jane (Wineger) Sutherland, the former of Cayuga county, New York. He was of Scotch lineage, his ancestors living in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and tradition says they were descendants of the house of Sutherland, at the head of which was the duke of Sutherland. The Wineger family was of German lineage and its representatives possessed superior musical talent. Esther Sutherland, who became aMrs. Church, was a teacher in the public schools of Macomb county at an early day and her sisters also followed the same profession. In the family were six children, Mrs. Church being the third in order of birth. By her marriage she became the mother of one son and one daughter. Frank Scott Church, the elder, who was named in honor of his maternal uncle, Dr. Frank Scott Sutherland, spent his boyhood days in the schools of central Michigan and afterward went to Detroit. His inventive genius developed at a very early age. Even when a schoolboy the toys which he made for himself attracted much attention and later he began experimenting along mechanical lines. After daily study of the locomotive he made a wheel with the crank motion similar to that of a locomotive and used it as other boys use a hoop. He also made a bean thresher out of a paint keg, attaching it to a grindstone, its only weak point being that the beans could not be found after being put through the machine. Later, however, his efforts as an inventor took a more practical turn. His first invention was a wagon gear, the front and rear axle moving in opposite directions, enabling it to be turned in a small space. Quite a number were made, but the noise occasioned by the reaches connecting the wheels and the additional expense prevented its adoption. The next important invention of Mr. Church was a cash and package carrier, on which he has taken out a large num ber of patents. H-e has sold his rights in this invention. He had the carriers manufactured in Detroit and afterward went to Boston, setting up his plant in the Tremont Hotel, where, unsolicited, he obtained orders to the amount of three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. lie afterward sold his interest to a company which continues the business. le next invented a motor for running exhibition phonographs, being equipped with a platform on which stood the party listening to the phonograph, his weight on the platform producing the power to operate the machine. This he also sold. He next invented a frictionless roller bearing, constituting three sets of rollers, one set rolling on top of the others from the center, increasing in circumference. These were put on a parlor car at an expense of twenty thousand dollars and proved a great suecess. Dr. Fitz Hugh Edwards, of Detroit, who was Mr. Church's partner in the inventions, died about that time, holding some twenty patents. Recently Mr. Church has invented a smoke consumer which burns the smoke, successfully doing the work. It was sold to R. A. Demnia. He has also invented a number of coin operating machines, usually called slot machines, and is interested in quite a number of those devices at the present time. The dials for practically all the slot machines in use are framed from his original diagrams or plans. Mr. Church was married September 28, 1899, to Frances Gertrude Groat, of Memphis, Michigan, a daughter of Ira C. Groat, and they have one son, Kenneth Frank. Mr. Church is interested in community affairs and served as president of his village in 1904-5. lie is a man of marked energy, very active and energetic, and undoubtedly the future has in store for him still greater successes, while his value in the inventive world will no doubt increase as the years go by. EDWIN C. CHUBB. Edwin C. Chubb, who is familiarly called Ed by his numerous friends in Macomb county, is living on section 16 in the town of Ray, not far from the village of Romeo and is there cultivating a farm of one hundred and twenty acres. Like many of the substantial citizens of this part of the state he is a native son of Macomb county, his birth having occurred in the town of Ray, January 2, 1840. He is a son of Joseph Chubb, who PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 489 was born in New York, and on coming to the west entered six hundred and forty acres of land from the government. Not a furrow had been turned or an improvement made upon the place, but with characteristic energy he began to clear his fields and prepare them to produce rich harvests. He was married three times, his first union being with Louisa Farr, of New York, who died soon after their marriage. TIe then married Asenath Stephens, of New York, who died in Michigan, and later he married her sister, Maria Stephens, who survived him for some time. His death occurred in 1839, before the birth of his son Edwin C. His wife, surviving him, reared her fanily in this county. There were three sons of that marriage, the eldest being David, a farmer of Ray township, and the second Elijah, who is living in Wayne county. Edwin C. Chubb was reared and educated in the place of his nativity, attending the commnon schools. IHe enlisted in August, 1861, when twenty-one years of age, in defense of the Union cause, joining Company A of the Ninth Michigan Infantry, with which he went south with the Army of the Cumberland. Hie was made a sergeant and meritorious conduct on the field of battle won him promotion to the rank of first lieutenant. He veteranized in 1863 and was granted a leave of absence of thirty days because of il health. He then rejoined his regiment at Chattanooga and participated in the battle of Stone River, where six companies of his regiment were taken prisoners but were paroled on the field. They were then sent to Columbus, Ohio, where they remained until exchanged, rejoining the regiment at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Mr. Chubb also participated in the engagements at Chickamauga and Resaca and was at General Thomas' headquarters for nearly a year and a half, doing general prevost duty. Mr. Chubb lost the sight of one of his eyes while in the army, this being caused by inflammation and other illness. He was honorably discharged at Chattanooga, November 24, 1864, and at once returned to his home, having done his duty as a faithful defender of the Union cause. The following year he began farming upon the place where he now resides. Mr. Chubb was married upon this place in 1862, when home upon a furlough, the lady of his choice being Miss Arabella Robinson, a native of Ray township, Macomb county, her birth occurring February 2, 1845. She is a daughter of Josiah T. Robinson, one of the early settlers of Michigan, coming to this state from Monroe county, New York. She inherited this farm on which they now live from her father, Josiah T. Robinson. Mr. and Mrs. Chubb have four children living, as follows: Lola, the wife of Charles Selleck of Romeo, by whom she has a daughter, Flossie Selleck; Louise, the wife of Frank F. Ritter, of Cheboyban, Michigan, by whom she has two children, Guy and Helen; Bernard L., who is living in Romeo and has a son, Donald; and Rena, the wife of Jerome Priest, a farmer of Ray township. Mr. and Mrs. Chubb also lost one child, Lester, who died in early life. Politically Mr. Chubb is a republican where national issues are involved, but at local elections he votes independently. He has no aspiration for office, yet is always interested in everything that pertains to the improvement and upbuilding of his community. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic at Romeo and is as true to his country and her best interests in days of peace as he was when he followed the stars and stripes upon southern battlefields. ROBERT A. RANDALL. Robert A. Randall, residing on section 6, Lenox township, was born in Richmond township, Maecomb county, May 5, 1847, and thus the period of his residence here covers almost six decades. His parents were Felix and Maria (Ingraham) Randall, the former a native of the state of New York and the latter of Canada. They came to Macomb county in 1837, Mr. Randall having purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land from the government in Richmond township alout two years previous. For more than a half century he continued a resident of the county, being long identified with its agricultural interests. Here he passed away February 23, 1889. In his family were eight children, of whom the following are yet living: Mrs. Mansfield M. Harris of Richmond; Mrs. John T. Hodges, of Richmond township; Edward, who is living in the same township; Mrs. M. P. Bates; and Arthur, who is living on the old homestead in Richmond township. The other member of the family is Robert A. of this review. The Randalls are of a very old family of the east and representatives of the name have been prominent in public affairs. 490 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Robert A. Randall began his education in the district schools and in his youth he was also instructed in the work of the farm, gaining practical experience which well fitted him for carrying on a farm of his own, when in 1870 he purchased the Francis farm in Lenox township. He has since resided thereon and the improvements have all been made by him. The place presents a splendid appearance, for the fields are well tilled, giving promise of golden harvests, and the buildings, fences and everything about the place are kept in good repair. In 1887 Mr. Randall erected his present residence and in 1904 built his large barn, which has every modern equipment for the care of stock. He has always given his attention to general farming and stock-raising and both branches of his business have proved profitable. Robert A. Randall has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Mary L. Harris, a daughter of Solon and Maria Iarris, of Troy township, Oakland county, Michigan. They became the parents of one son, Frank A., who is now at home. The wife and mother died September 18, 1889, and in 1891 Mr. Randall was married to Miss Hattie B. Harris, a daughter of John S. and Iarriet Harris, of Lenox township. She died December 26, 1902, leaving one child, Horton F. The elder son, Frank A., began his early education in the district school and was graduated from the Richmond high school with the class of 1895. I-e has always remained at home, assisting his father in the operation of the farm. He was married December 13, 1899, to Miss Persus Drake, a daughter of Owen Drake of Armada and they have one child, Mary Marguerite. Frank Randall is a member of Armada lodge, No. 492, I. 0. O. F. He served three years on the township board of school inspectors, is director of his school district, and both he and his wife are members of the First Methodist Episcopal church at Armada. Iis wife is a descendant of Thomas Drake, a brother of Sir Francis Drake. In community affairs Robert A. Randall has taken an active and helpful part. He believes firmly in republican principles. The cause of education finds in him a warm friend and he has done effective service in ts behalf while filling the positions of director and treasurer of the school board in district No. 10 fractional. Fraternally he is affiliated with Court of Liberty, No. 313. I. O. F. of Richmond. He may well be classed tamong the pioneer settlers of the county, having for thirty-five years resided within its borders. This covers the period of its greatest development and he has not only witnessed the changes that have been wrought but has also borne his part in bringing the county up to its present state of advanced improvement. FRANCIS PREVOST. Francis Prevost, now living a retired life in Mount Clemens, was born in France on the 1st of May, 1831. His parents, George and Mary (Berry) Prevost, were both natives of France, where they spent their entire lives. In their family were four children, namely: Louis, who was a farmer of Saginaw county, Michigan, was born in France and married Miss Beamonsh, by whom he had eleven children. His death occurred in this country. Julia became the wife of Dr. Juefe, who is now a retired farmer in Wayne county, Michigan. Their children are Titine, Enmma, George, Caroline, Hosea, James and Frank. George, after coming to this country, returned to France for his bride and died in that country. Francis is the next of the family. Francis Prevost spent the first ten years of his life in his native country and in 1841 came to America with his stepfather, Martin Puleher. The family home was established in the Empire state on the Indian river, fourteen miles from Watertown, and in 1846 they came to Michigan. Mr. Pulcher purchased a farm of sixty acres of wild land in Wayne county. This he cleared and improved, erecting thereon a small frame house which in course of time was replaced by a more commodious and substantial brick residence, this home being situated about seven miles from the city hall in Detroit. He planted an orchard and carried forward the work of improvement along all lines of modern agricultural progress and in the labors of the farm was ably assisted by Francis Prevost and other mnembers of the family. Francis Prevost remained on the old homestead in Wayne county until twenty-three years of age, when he started out upon an independent business career, purchasing a general store in Detroit, which he conducted for three years. He then traded his drygoods store for a wholesale store at the corner of Brush and Gratiot streets and conducted the trade along wholesale and retail PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 491 lines until the store and its contents were destroyed by fire in 1878. IIe had very little insurance and therefore sustained heavy losses. Following this he conducted a hotel four miles distant from Detroit, known as the Four Mile House, carrying on business along that line for ten years, at the end of which time he removed to Saginaw, MIichigarl. There he established and carried on a soft drink manufacturing plant for three years and on the expiration of that period he returned to Mount Clelmens, where he established the first steam brickyard at this place. He continued in that business for three years, after which he disposed of his interest and is now living a retired life. Whatever he has undertaken has claimed his undivided attention and energy and his careful management and well-directed labors resulted in bringing him most gratifying success. On the 16th of M\ay, 1853, Mr. Prevost was united in marriage to Miss Mary Moross, who was born in 1\Mount (llem ns, October 19, 1836. She is a daughter of Antoine \Moross, now deceased, who was one of the first settlers of Iount Clemens. tHer grandfather, Ignace MIoross, was one of the first settlers of Detroit and assisted in building Fort Wayne. tle served as captain in the army there and was drafted for service in the war of 1812. Antoine Moross was only thirteen years of age when he enlisted in defense of his country and proved a valiant soldier during the second war with Englland. Following the close of hostilities lie married Miss Cecilia Troinbly, and they had eight children, four sons and four daughters. He followed the occupation of farmiing in Clinton township for many years and his wellirected labors at length brought him a comfortable competence that enabled him to live retired andl he enjoyed a well-earned rest in Mount Clemens up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1871, when he was seventy-two years of age. His daughter, Mrs. Prevost, is a graduate of a medical college and is now engaged in the practice of medicine at MIount Clemens. She has always resided in this city, making her home here both prior to and since her marriage. Mr. and M rs. Prevost have five children: Joseph, who was born in 1855, married Miss Tina Denwherth and they have twelve children. He is engaged in the real estate and laundry business in Mount Clemens. Francis, born in 1857, is a liveryman of Mount Clemens. IIe married Eva Jenes and they have one child. James, born in 1859, married Mary Pettizer and has four children. IHe is a marine engineer. Richard, born in 1860, married Cloe Stevens and followed the trade of brick-making in Mount Clemens until his death. John, born in 1870, married Catherine Lynn and had one child. He engaged in the livery business in Mount Clemens until called to his final rest. Both Mr. and Mrs. Prevost hold memnbership in the Catholic church. They are highly esteemed in the city where they have long resided and where both have been well known because of business as well as social connections. Having carefully managed his affairs through an active business career Mr. Prevost has prospered in his undertakings and is now enjoying the fruits of his former toil. ART'l'IITR F. RANDAIL. Arthur F. Randall, who carries on general farning and dairying for which purpose he raises thoroughbred Holstein stock, was born November 3, 1858, on the old farm homestead, which he now owns, his parents being Felix and Mlaria (Ingraham) Randall. who settled upon the farm in 1837 and who are mentioned elsewhere in this work. Arthur F. Randall obtained a district school education. lie has never been absent from his farm for a longer period than four weeks, devoting his time and energies unremittingly to the labors incident to its development. He worked with his father until 1881, when he was given the farim as his own and althouoh he has made many improvements upon it some of the first buildings are still standing as landmarks of the locality and as mute reminders of pioneer conditions. In addition to the tilling of the soil-and his fields are always under a high state of cultivation-he has devoted much of his time to dairy work and for this purpose keeps a small herd of thoroughbred Holstein cattle. While his personal business interests have clained much of his attention Mr. Randall has also found time and opportunity to devote to public interests. He has taken an active part in school work as a director of district No. 7. He is also a member of the Macomb County Mutual Fire Insurance Company and for three years was a member of its board of directors, after which he was appointed county agent and is still acting in 492 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY that capacity. IHe belongs to Arcade tent, No. 155, K. 0. T. M., of Richmond, is a miember of Arbor No. 255, Ancient Order of Gleaners of the Highbanks, filling the office of chief gleaner for two years and that of chaplain for one year, and is a member of Armada Grange, No. 445. Mr. Randall was married November 3, 1881, to Miss Ella Ostrander, a daughter of George and Sarah (Hughes) Ostrander, of Capac, St. Clair county, Michigan, who were natives of Canada and England respectively. They became residents of St. Clair county in 1861 and there spent their remaining days, Mr. Ostrander passing away in 1893, while his wife died June 7, 1895. The living mnembers of their family are: Andrew E., of St. Clair county; Francis D., of Gladwin county, Michigan; Mrs. Benjamin Steinhoff, of Sanilac county, this state; Mrs. Hugh Oliver, of Gladwin county; John A., of Dickson, Tennessee; MIrs. A. A. Patch, of St. Clair county; and Richard W., also of Dickson, Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Randall have two children: S. Adele and Hazen H., born November 24, 1882, and March 1, 1896, respectively. The daughter until recently has been engaged in teaching in district No. 12, after taking a correspondence course in the Fenton Normal School, and has now returned home to take care of her mother. There have been few leisure hours in the life of Mr. Randall, who has been a most diligent man, working untiringly in the improvement of his farm and for the benefit of his family. He has always lived upon the old homestead, which is yet his place of residence, and its carefully improved condition is the result of his well-directed energies and thorough understanding of the best methods of promoting agricultural development. ADELBERT O. HARRIS. Adelbert 0. Harris, who is engaged in agricultural pursuits on section 35, Washington township, was born in the town of Shelby, April 10, 1852. His paternal grandfather was Jacob Harris and his father, Jonathan W. Harris. The latter was born in Genesee county, New York, and when a lad of ten years accompanied his parents on their removal to Michigan and was reared to manhood in Macomb county. He was married here to Priscilla M. Grover, who was likewise a native of Genesee county and located on land in the town of Shelby. He there opened up what has remained the family home for many years. He lost his first wife there and later married again and still resides upon the old home place. He is to-day accounted one of the well known pioneer settlers of Macomb county, having witnessed its growth and improvement from an early epoch in its history down to the present period of progress and prosperity. Adelbert O. Harris is one of a family of ten children, eight of whom are yet living. He spent his youth like the others upon the home farm, assisting in such tasks as are usually assigned to farmer boys. He received his education at the old Disco Academy and in Utica high school and remained with his father until he attained his majority. Having completed his own education he engaged in teaching and followed that profession for some time in Macomb county. IHe also spent one year as a teacher in the high school at Hancock on Lake Superior, but eventually he put aside the work of the schoolroom in order to give undivided attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1877 he bought the farm where he now resides, comprising eighty-eight acres of land which is rich and arable, but it was not until sometime after this that he ceased teaching in the winter months, while the summer seasons were devoted to farm work. I-le located on the farm in 1882 and has since, through building operations and agricultural improvements, developed a valuable property. He has fair buildings here, well tilled fields and also two good orchards. Mr. Harris was married April 13, 1884, to Mrs. Emneline R. Goodison, a widow, and the daughter of Lemuel P. Tower, one of the early settlers of Oakland county, who entered land from the government there and opened up a farm on which he reared his family. Mrs. Harris was reared and married in Oakland county, and by her first marriage she had three children, namely: Adell, the wife of D. Tripp; Alfred, of Detroit, and Arthur A., who is living in Rochester, Michigan. In his political affiliation Mr. Harris has been a lifelong republican and served as township superintendent of schools, but otherwise has neither sought nor desired office. He is a Master Mason, belonging to the lodge at Davis and he has served as its secretary for twenty years. He is well known in Mount Clemens and Macomb county, and his friends recognize in him a man honest MR. AND MRS. A. O. HARRIS I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 495 and unassuming, of genuine worth and enjoying the confidence and esteem of the comnmnity. GEORGE A. SKINNER. George A. Skinner, whose intense and well-directed activity has made him one of the representative citizens of Mount Clemens, figured prominently in financial circles and also in connection with movements which have furthered public progress and improvement. His labors have been particularly helpful in promoting the system of public education, and he has many times given tangible evidence of his public-spirited citizenship. Mr. Skinner was born in Jefferson county, New York, March 19, 1854, a son of Thomas D. and Rhoda E. (Barnes) Skinner, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of the Empire state. Iis paternal grandfather, Amasa Skinner, of Vermont, removed to New York and later to Wisconsin, where he died at the age of eighty years. In 1856 Thomas D. Skinner came to Michigan, settling at Port Huron, where he engaged in the lumber business until 1879. He then turned his attention to farming, which he followed throughout the remainder of his active business career. His death occurredl September 14, 1904. Unto him and his wife were born four children: Alide, the widow of J. W. Porter; George A.; Carrie M1., the wife of John Otto, a resident of California; and Frank K., who is living in the state of Washington. Following his mastery of the common English branches of learning George A. Skinner continued his studies in the high school of Port Huron and spent two years as a student in Albion College at Albion, Michigan. He was graduated from Bryant & Stratton's Business College at Detroit in 1872 and then entered his father 's office, where he remained until the spring of 1876, when his brother-in-law, Mr. Porter, opened a bank in Moant Clemens under the name of John W. Porter & Colmpany. A year later this wvas merged into the Mount Clemens Savings Bank, of which Mr. Porter became cashier and Mr. Skinner bookkeeper. After the amalgamation of the business Mr. Porter becamen the cashier of the Mount Clemens Savings Bank and Mr. Skinner was continued as bookkeeper. Following the death of Mr. Porter, Mr. Skin ner became his successor in the position of cashier and the present officers of the bank are: Oliver Chapoton, president; F. G. Kendrick, vice president; and George A. Skinner, cashier. This is the oldest and largest bank in the city of Mount Clemens, being capitalized for fifty thousand dollars, while the surplus and profits amount to one hundred thousand dollars. A general banking business is carried on, and because of his promptness, unfailing courtesy and effort to please the bank patrons, Mr. Skinner has contributed in no small degree to the success of the bank and is one of its popular officials. In his political views Mr. Skinner is a republican and for eighteen years he has served as a memrber of the school board, has been treasurer for twelve years and moderator two years. The cause of education finds in him a warm friend and he has ever been the champion of progressive measures in connection with the public school systeml. He has also labored for improvemnent along other lines, wherein his efforts have been of much avail. Ile is treasurer of the Chamber of Commerce and has been treasurer of the Mount Clemens Club since its oroanization. Prominent in Masonry, he became a memnber of the craft in 1886, affiliating with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M1., in which he has filled all the chairs, being master of the lodge for four years. Ile has also been high priest of the chapter and thrice illustrious master of the council and he belongs to Damascus conmmiandery, K. T.. and the Mystic Shrine, both of Detroit. In 1876 Mr. Skinner was married to Miss Ellen 2M. Smart, a daughter of the late Rev. Dr. J. S. Smart, of the Detroit conference of the Methodist Episcopal church. They are the parents of six children: Alice L., Iarriet L., Helen M., Georgia, Florence C. and George A. Mr. Skinner is a man of fine social qualities, which combined with his ability, executive force and ready understanding of needs and possibilities in municipal interests, have rendered him a leader in community affairs. FREDERICK G. BROMM. Frederick G. Bromm, who is engaged in the real estate and insurance business at Mount Clemens, is a native son of Romeo, Macomb county, born August 6, 1858. His 496 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY father, Michael Bromm, was a native of Germany and was the first representative of the family to settle in Michigan, locating first in Port Huron, whence he afterward removed to Romeo. IIe married Nannie Tressa Bottom, a native of Canada and a daughter of Mrs. Eliza (Garleck) Bottom. Her mother was born April 12, 1808, and died November 20, 1895. Mrs. Bromm was the younger of two children, her brother being Elijah, who resided in Victoria county, Ontario, for many years, but is now deceased. Frederick G. Bromm acquired his education in the public schools of Romeo, completing his course in the high school and at the age of sixteen he entered the services of the Grand Trunk Railroad Company, first as section man and afterward in the shops, being employed in the locomotive department. Later he ran on a construction train for two years, after which he became a clerk in the depot. I-Ie was subsequently appointed agent for the company at Rochester, Michigan, where he remained for eight years, when he was transferred to Fraser, Michigan, where he spent three years. He then came to Mount Clemens as agent and acted in that capacity for nine years. Each change in his business career brought him promotion and thus gradually he worked his way upward, his increased ability gaining him larger responsibilities and better reniuneration. Upon retiring from the office of station agent of Mount Clemens he turned his attention to the real estate and insurance business in 1900 and has since been a representative of this line of industry. He also conducted a store on Stapleton street, but afterward disposed of his mercantile interests to devote his undivided attention to his other business. He conducts a general real estate business and he represents the Western Insurance Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Ile has thoroughly informed himself concerning real estate values and is thus well qualified to assist the public in making investments and securing the property that may be desired. On the 23d of November, 1884, at Lapeer, Michigan, Mr. Bromm was married to Miss Frances A. Tripp, a daughter of Allen Tripp, who was killed at the battle of Gettysburg, thus laying down his life upon the altar of his country. Mr. and Mrs. Bromm have two children: Genevieve Mary, born January 25, 1892; and Gwendolyn Teressa, born January 25, 1904. Everywhere in our land are found men who have worked their own way upward from humble and lowly beginnings to places of leadership, and the example of such a man is counted of much worth and value to the commonwealth. Such a career incites others to emulation and in this respect the life record of Mr. Bromm furnishes an excellent example. His faithful performance of each duty that devolved upon hiim, his promptness and his reliability have constituted the stepping-stones by which he has mounted upward and at all times he has so ordered his life as to gain and maintain the confidence and esteem of his fellowmnen. ABRAHAM M. RIVARD. Abraham M. Rivard, who has assisted in opening up Macomb county, clearing away the timber and reclaimling the land for cutivation, was born at Grosse Pointe, Michigan, April 23, 1836, and is a son of Mitchell and Tresia (Decante) Rivard. The father was born in 1794 upon his father's farm at Grosse Pointe. His parents were of German and French descent and were among the first settlers at Grosse Pointe, where the grandfather followed the occupation of farming. Mitchell Rivard remained at home until about 1820, when he came to Chesterfield township and bought a tract of land from the government on what is called the Ridge road, but there were no roads opened up at that time, so that he had to cut away the timber in order to make a path sufficiently wide for a wagon. lie had considerable difficulty in disposing of the timber, there being little market for the product at that time, but he cut the trees into logs, staves and cord wood, selling most of it at Salt River, where it was shipped to Detroit and other points along the river and lake. Being close to the New Baltimore Indian Reserve there were many red men in the vicinity at that day but the Rivard family always found them friendly, for they treated them with kindness, and Mrs. Rivard could talk to them in their own language. Mr. Rivard was an industrious, hard-working farmer and his unremitting diligence brought him a comifortable competence as the years advanced. IHe was drafted for service during the war of 1812, but owing to his extreme youth was not called out for action. He died February 8, 1888, at the age of ninety-three years, and his wife passed away March 2, 1891, in the seventy-eighth year of her age. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 497 Abraham M. Rivard spent his boyhood 1lays at hard work on the farm, assisting his father in the arduous task of clearing the land and developing the fields. He reinained upon the old homestead until twentyfive years of age, when he bought his present farm on section 14, Chesterfield township. It is located on Telegraph road and conveniently near the Rapid Railway. It was covered with a dense growth of timber when it came into his possession but he at once began to clear away the trees and prepare the land for cultivation. In 1861 he built his house and moved from his father's home into his own. He has since made steady progress in general farmning and a few years ago added forty acres to his original tract of land. lie has also been practical in his methods of working his place and now has a well developed property, the highly cultivated fields yielding him a good financial return. Mr. Rivard assisted in building the first schoolhouse in the Salt River district. It was erected about fifty years ago of logs but has since been replaced by a substantial brick building. About 1858 he helped to open up his part of the county by building the Telegraph road by placing logs across the road in corduroy fashion. He also aided in building St. Mary's Catholic church in New Baltimore and thus he has assisted in substantial mleasure to the material, spiritual and moral progress of his community. Mr. Rivard was married August 5, 1861, to Victoria Blay, a daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Socia) Blay, of Chesterfield township. They have thirteen children, of whom twelve are living, namely: Jeffried, born in 1861, a resident of Sault Ste. Marie; Adolph, born in 1863, a resident of Alpena; Anna, born in 1866, at home; Lizzie, born in 1868, the wife of Alexander Gullett, a farmer of Chesterfield township; Celia, born in 1870, at home; Victor, born in 1872; Ida, born in 1874, the wife of William John of St. Clair, Michigan, who is employed on the Rapid Railway; AMitchell, born in 1875, of St. Clair; Emma, born in 1877, the wife of William Rhadigan, of Maryville, Michigan; Jerome, born in 1879, at home; Albert, born in 1882, of Lansing; and Julia, born in 1884, at home. The third daughter, Louisa, born in 1865, was married to Adolph Meldrum of Chesterfield township and died December 13, 1893. Victor is the main support of his father on the farm, endeavoring to relieve him of the hard work, for although Mr. Rivard is still an active man, he has not the endurance that he possessed in his younger years. Victor is a member of Lakeside tent, No. 51, K. 0. T. M,., and he is a most enterprising young agriculturist. Mr. Rivard and his family are stanch members of St. Mary's Catholic church of New Baltimore. IIe is indeed one of the worthy pioneer settlers and a representative of an honored frontier family, its lmembers having taken an active, practical and helpful part in the work of developing this portion of the state. JAMES G. WIIITE, M. D. Dr. James G. White, who prepared for his profession in some of the leading medical colleges and universities of the continent and whose skill places him in the foremost rank among the distinguished physicians of eastern Michigan, was born in the province of Ontario, Canada, May 18, 1857, and after mastering the elementary branches of learning taught in the common schools he continued his studies in the Aylmer (Ontario) high school. Having completed his more specifically literary education he was apprenticed to the drug business for a term of four years, and when this period had ended was graduated from the Ontario College of Pharmacy, in Toronto, Canada, in 1877. During two years of that time he also attended lectures in the College of Technology, at Toronto. Having gained a thorough knowledge of the drug business, as preparatory for a medical course he entered Trinity Medical College, from which he was graduated and was admlitted by examination as a fellow of that college. H e was also graduated as a Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery from Trinity University. IHe became a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Northwest Territory of Canada and he has been licensed to practice by the Illinois state board of health and the board of medical examiners of Wisconsin. Aside from his college diplomas he has taken several post-graduate courses and is also a graduate of the Illinois School of Electro Therapeutics. All of the medical colleges from which he has graduated are recognized as among the best on the continent and thus his careful and thorough preparation well equipped him for his chosen life work. 498 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Dr. White came to Mount Clemens ten years ago and seeing an opening for securing a large clientage among bathers he gave up the general practice, deciding to treat only such cases as came for the benefit of the baths. He keeps abreast of the times and his office is fully equipped with all the latest appliances generally used in sanitarium practice, such as electric appliances for administering X-ray, faradic, galvanic, high frequency and sinusoidal currents, mechanical vibration, phototherapy and inhalation machines. When any of these methods are required patients may make special terms for a course of treatment, and most excellent results have followed his efforts, owing to his comprehensive knowledge and skill in his practice. During his residence here he has attained prominence as a consulting physician and has had unusual success in his practice. His experience in the profession and his thorough and continued college work fit him excellently for the busy career he finds here. Dr. White is a member of the American Medical Association, Michigan State Medical Society and Macomb County Medical Society. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the Knight Templar degree. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Dramatic Order of the Knights of Korassan. Ile enjoys the respect and good will of his professional brethren. GEORGE C. FENTON. George C. Fenton is a native of Mount Clemens, born January 21, 1855, and his education was obtained in the public schools of this state. He early became connected with the shoe trade and established the first exclusive shoe store in Mount Clemens. In later years his attention was attracted to the business possibilities that arose because of the fame which Mount Clemens was acquiring in connection with the medicinal properties of its waters and their curative powers. To meet the demands for first-class hotels he erected The Fenton, which he opened in May, 1892. This is one of the finest hostelries of the city and is also one of the most centrally and pleasantly situated. Adjoining are the beautiful Olympic and Clementine bathhouses on Cass avenue, and only a block away is the courthouse square and nearby are the banks, postoffice and telegraph offices. The streetcar lines of the city pass the door of The Fenton. The hotel contains eighty rooms for guests, together with large offices, parlors, reading and waiting rooms, and all these are elegantly furnished, while the bedrooms are tastefully equipped for every possible convenience and comfort of the guests. The guest-rooms are arranged single and en suite and the first and second floors of The Fenton are connected with the Olympic and Clementine bathhouses by passageways which are heated by steam. Mr. Fenton in his management of the hotel has manifested the spirit of the pioneer who seeks out new and improved methods, and his business has constantly grown because of this, The Fenton being a credit to the city as well as a monument to the enterprise and business capacity of its builder. ANTHONY SEIBERT. Anthony Seibert, owner of one of the leading retail stores in Mount Clemens, is a native of Chesterfield township, Macomb county, born March 7, 1868, his parents being Phillip and Rachel (Gragott) Seibert, who were natives of Germany and came to America about 1860. They were married in Harrison township, this county, in 1864, and Mr. Seibert began farming, which he followed for many years. He died in 1889 at the age of fifty years and is still survived by his wife. They were the parents of six children, those living being: Gertrude, the wife of Peter S. Greiner, of Clinton township, Macomb county; Anthony; and Lena, the wife of Victor Eckhout, of Mount Clemens. Three children died in infancy. Anthony Seibert pursued his education in the district schools of Chesterfield township until twelve years of age, attending, however, only through the winter months, while in the summer seasons he worked upon the farm. IIe continued to assist in the cultivation and development of the homestead place and after his marriage in 1893 he took charge of the farm, which he conducted until 1896. He then removed to Mount Clemens and entered the employ of the firm of Haller & Dahm, grocers and marketmen. HIe continued with that house for six years, at the end of which time he entered into partnership with Frank X. Touscany, under the firm name of Seibert & Touscany. They opened a general grocery and provision store in the Czizek PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 499 block, and after nine months they removed to No. 75 North Gratiot avenue. Here they increased their stock in order to meet the growing demands of the trade and also added a meat market, having bought out August Prignitz. They have since conducted both departments of the business and are today proprietors of one of the best stores in the town. They are progressive merchants and their store is neatly and tastefully arranged, their attractive display drawing many customers, while their straightforward dealing and reasonable prices insure them a continuation of a large trade. They have been successful from the beginning, displaying marked energy and enterprise, and prosperity is always a legitimate outcome of those characteristics. On the 25th of October, 1893, Mr. Seibert was married to Terresa, a daughter of Anthony and Margaret (Giarade) Deigel, of Gratiot township, Wayne county, Michigan. Her father was a farmer by occupation and died in 1901 at the age of sixty-six years, while the mother is now living in Detroit. In their family were twelve children, eight of whom are living, Mrs. Seibert being the fifth in order of birth. Both Mr. and Mrs. Seibert hold membership in St. Peter's Catholic church and he is connected with the Catholic Mutual Benevolent Association. He also belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Woodmen of the World and he gives his political support to the democracy, although he takes no active part in its work aside from exercising his right of franchise. He is of genial, social temperament and is regarded as one of the solid, substantial young business men of Mount Clemens, having already attained a measure of success that many a man of older years might well envy. LOUIS A. GUIETTE. Louis A. Guiette, whose well directed efforts have been of material benefit to the city of Mount Clemens, his public-spirited interest in the general welfare being manifest in tangible labors for the npbuilding and improvement of the city, is a native of Detroit, his birth having there occurred March 23, 1840. His parents were Jacob Dennis and Martha (Moss) Guiette, both of whom were natives of France, and when young they emigrated to the United States. The father was a jobber and contractor and after his removal to the west took a contract in 1843 to construct a part of the old Clinton and Kalamazoo canal, but in this he lost five thousand dollars and had nothing remaining. Later in the year he removed to Mount Clemens, where he spent his last days. He had become a resident of Detroit in 1833 and remained in Michigan for forty-five years, passing away in this city in 1878, at the age of seventy-eight years. His wife survived him until 1884 and was ninety years of age at the time of her death. In their family were ten children, of whom three are living: John, a resident of Saginaw, Michigan; Thomas, of Murphysboro, Illinois; and Louis A. Those deceased are Jacob, Mary, Nelson, Joseph, Julia, Zebedee and Sophia. Louis A. Guiette received but a limited education, attending school two, three or four months each year until he was about ten years of age. After that it was necessary for him to earn his own living and he had no more school training, but in the school of experience he has learned many valuable lessons which have made him a practical and successful man of affairs. After he had completed his first decade he began working for John May, a butcher of Mount Clemens, and that he was faithful and capable was shown by the fact that he remained in his service for six years. He then became cabin boy on the passenger boat Albion, which ran between Mount Clemens and Detroit, being thus engaged for two seasons. He afterward went into a lumber mill at Capac, Michigan. The mill was located in the midst of a forest and he was there engaged until the following spring, when he secured employment in a stave mill in Mount Clemens, near where the Chambers & Stewart store now stands. In March, 1865, he put aside business considerations and enlisted as a recruit, becoming a member of Company D, Twenty-second Michigan Infantry, with which he was mustered out in September, 1865, at Detroit. Following his return Mr. Guiette worked on the first test well for oil in Mount Clemens, but this proved to be a mineral well instead. He was thus employed from September, 1865, until July, 1866. At that period the owners of the well undertook to manufacture salt from its waters, but this venture proved unsuccessful. In the fall of 1866 Mr. Guiette returned to the stave mill, working for Bruno Van Landeghern until 1881. In the meantime the firm became Van Landeghern & Son. In the spring of 1881 Mr. Guiette was elected street commissioner of Mount Clemens on the democratic ticket and served in 5oo00 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY that office until 1884, being the first incumnbent in Mount Clemens to fill the position for that length of time. In the fall of 1886 he became engineer at Linwood, Michigan, in the mill of Edward Gyde, and there continued until April, 1887. The following year he was with the Bitter Water Company on East street at the "original well' and continued in the manufacturing' business for making both salts and liineral soaps. In the succeeding auttumnl he again accept(e the position of engineer at the mill in Linwood, but in the following splring lie returnecd to Mlount Clelmens, where he opened a boar(ling house at the corner of Ptark lavenle and FIranklin street, conducting this with sulc(cess until 1902, when he sold out to the Park IHouse Comlpany. In the meanlltime he was again chosen for public office, beingo elected alderman of the third ward in 1888, and by re-election he was contilnued in that position until lie had served for twelve consecultive years. lie has been inspector of public works and( in the various positions which he has filled he has labored untiringly alnd effectively for the welfare and progress of his city. Hie was the first man who advocated brick paving in iMount Clelmens and he continued the agitation of the subject until he won. Ile has voted for all the various franchises that have been granted and has introduced into the council many important measures which have had a far-reaching effect and which have added much to the substantial appearance and improvement of Mount Clemlens. I-e laid out the beautiful park of this city, known as Mount Clemens park. On the 22d of April, 1863, Mr. Guiette was married to Miss Martha Willett, a daughter of Thomas and Fannie (Beach) Willett, her father a native of England and her mother of France. They lived for some time at Grosse Pointe, Michigan, but both are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Guiette had five children, but Louis A., the eldest, died in 1899, leaving a widow, whose maiden name was Lydia Coppersmith and who lived in Bay City, Michigan. There are two children of that marriage -Martha and Louis A. The other members of the family of Mr. Guiette are: Adele, the wife of Henry Denwetle, of Clinton township; Ellen, the wife of Frank Daly, of Mount Clemens; Belle, the wife of Albert Huttinger, of Allegheny, Pennsylvania; and Florence F., at home. Mr. Guiette is a member of the Grand Army post at Mount Clemens and has served as sergeant and senior vice-commander. He is also connected with the Knights of Columbus. He is well known in this city and has made for himself a creditable record. In political thought and action he has always been independent, carrying out his honest views without fear or favor and in his public service has been actuated by a strong interest in the public welfare and has ever placed the good of the comnmunity before self-aggrandizement. SANFORD) C. LAWSON. Sanford C. Lawson, one of Maacomub county's native sons, owns and operates one hun(dred and thirty acres of good land in Shelby township. lie was born August 11, 1870, his )parents being Jamles S. and Paulina (Cannon) Liawson. The father was born in Septemnber, 1828, on the farm where Sanford C. Lawson now resides, and was a son of James Lawson, an early settler of Shelby township securing land from the governmient. The old sheepskin deed to the property is signed by John Quincy Adams, then president of the United States, and is now in possession of our subject. Both the grandfathers of Sanford C. Lawson were natives of New Jersey and became pioneer residents of Michigan, assisting materially in the early developmnent here. Janes S. Lawson was reared amid the environments of pioneer life and aided in the arduous task of developing a new farm. lHe became a noted man, possessing considerable genius. In early life he was taught surveying by George II. Cannon, with whim he was associated in the survey of the north shore of ILake Superior. lie afterward engaged in surveying in the western states, including Nevada, California and Oregon, being appointed to this work by the governors of the various states. Iis associate, Mlr. Cannon, said that he had the most remarkable rmemory of any man he ever knew. HTe was self-educated, but gained much valuable knowledge through reading, experience, observation and travel. lie was a man of sterling integrity and he enjoyed the love and confidence of his fellownien in an exceptional degree. IHe did not greatly desire wealth nor strive for it and was a man of only moderate means. He was a direct descendant of M. B. Willis, his mother having been a member of the Willis family. He married Miss Paulina Cannon and they became the parents of four children: Omer, who resides in South Dakota; Leda, the wife of George Elvedge, residing JAMES S. LAWSON I~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 503 ten miles west of Saginaw in Evert, Michigant Sanford C.; and Huron W., who is a practicing physician of Washington, D. C. Sanford C. Lawson was educated in the district schools of Washington and began earning his own living when quite young. IIe worked upon a farm and in early manhood he chose as a companion and helpmate for life's journey, Mrs. Ella Tucker Carson, their marriage being celebrated October 5, 1899. She was the widow of Frederick Carson of MAacomb county. She pursued her education in the district schools and when nineteen years of age was first married, her husband being a farmer who died in Mount Clemens. AMrs. Lawson has five children: Mabel, born IMay 9, 1886; Maud, born January 7, 1889; Robert, November 3, 1890; Glenn, July 25, 1892; and Elmer, January 6, 1895. The younger children are attending school. Sanford C. Lawson is a republican in his political views and to that party his father also gave his support and served as supervisor, justice of the peace, and county drainage commissioner. He died May 23, 1903, at the age of seventy-three years, and thus )assed away one of the honored pioneer settlers of MAacomb county. Sanford C. Lawson yet follows farming on the old homestead, where he has a good tract of land, and his care and cultivation have made the fields very productive, so that he annually harvests good crops. Ite utilizes modern methods in all that he does and is now mieeting with very creditable prosperity. JOIN McKAY. John McKay, now actively and extensively interested in farming and stock-raising in Macomb county, owns and operates a valuable tract of land of three hundred acres situated near Romeo. Since his boyhood days he has been identified with the farming interests of this section of the state, his birth having occurred in Bruce township, Macomb county, Auoust 16, 1843. IIis father, Robert McKav, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume, was a native of Scotland, born March 4, 1813, in Renfrewshire, near Glasgow. The paternal grandparents were John and Jane AcKay, descended from a long line of Scottish ancestry, who were members of a highland clan. (ur subject was reared on the old homestead in the usual manner of farmer lads of that period and received his education in the conmmon schools and through experience and observation in later life. He remained with his father until he had attained his majority, assisting him materially in the improvement of the old home farm, and in 1866 he removed to a farm of his own, comprising three hundred acres in Armada township, which he began to cultivate and improve. He has since rebuilt and remodeled the house, has erected large barns and outbuildings and has continued the work of improvement until his place is now one of the valuable farm properties of the locality. Ile is also engaged in the breeding and raising of shorthorn cattle and is to-day the owner of a large herd. He has made a study of this breed for thirty years and has owned some fine animals. He has also been identified with the Armada Agricultural Society for a number of years, has been a member of the executive committee for thirty-one years and was its president for four years. He was also president of the State Breeders Shorthorn Association for several years and is now a nimember of the Michigan live stock sanitary commission, through appointment by the governor. He has ever exercised his influence for the improvemlent of agricultural conditions and through the conduct of his own business affairs has contributed always to the general welfare. On the 21st of February, 1866, Mr. McKay was married to Miss Lucinda E. Day, who was born in Armada township, Macomb county, October 16, 1843, and is a daughter of lIriel and Olive (Sperry) Day, who are represented on another page of this volume. Mr. and Mrs. McKay have two children: Robert IU., who married Ella Rolls, daughter of Captain William and Alice Rolls, and resides in Romneo, where he is engaged in merchandising; and Olive Jean, who is at home. In 1900 Mr. McKay removed to Romeo, where after two years he purchased the residence that he and his family now occupy. He and his wife attend the Methodist Episcopal church and contribute to its support. Politically he is a stanch republican and cast his first presidential ballot for Abraham Lincoln in 1864 and has supported every nominee of the party since. Local politics have also been a source of interest to him and he has never failed to cast a vote at each election. He was appointed by Governor Luce to fill a vacancy as a mnember of the Michigan live stock sanitary commission and is now serving on the board by appointment of Govvernor Bliss. IHe is also a member of the 504 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY executive committee of the State Agricultural Society and since 1898 has been president of the Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which was organized by his father. For the last thirty years he has been prominently identified with the Grange movement and has served as a member of the county and local (Grange. He is recognized as a prominent agriculturist of this portion of the state, successful in the control of his business affairs and the promoter of varied interests which have proven of practical benefit to the community. JOHN A. HENK. John A. IIenk, whose thorough preliminary training, study and skill have gained him rank with the leading photographers of eastern Michigan, is now conducting a studio in Mount Clemens. He is a native of Detroit, born March 5, 1873, and a son of John and Johanna (Hellwig) Henk, who were also natives of Detroit, in which city they were married in 1872. Anthony Ienk, the paternal grandfather, came from Prussia and settled in Detroit sixty years ago. He was the owner of a large farm near that city and his realty possessions also included houses and other property in Detroit. IIe died in 1898, at the age of seventy-eight years, while his wife, Mrs. Margaret Ilenk, died at the age of seventytwo years. The maternal grandfather, William lellwig, was a native of Bavaria, Germany, whence they came to America, crossing the Atlantic in 1840. He entered the military service of his adopted country as a member of the regular army and was stationed at Fort Erie, being a musician of the First Infantry and a non-commissioned officer. He was with his regiment in the Mexican war and rendered valuable service to the government. He met his wife in Buffalo. She bore the name of Christina Schmidt and was also a native of Bavaria. She accompanied the regiment as a nurse and while Mr. Hellwig was stationed at Fort Erie, in 1847, they were married. They became the parents of eight children, the eldest being Mrs. Henk, who was born while her mother was with the army in company with her husband. His regiment was afterward transferred to Fort Wayne and on the expiration of his term of service he embarked in business for himself as a merchant at Detroit, Michigan, and later he conducted a general store in that city. John Henk, father of our subject, was employed by the firm of Pardridge & Blackwell in a crockery store, making his home in Detroit and in the parochial schools of that city John Henk of this review pursued his education. He entered business life as an office boy in the employ of the Newcomb-Andicott Company of Detroit, but after a short time, when thirteen years of age, he secured enmployment in the Fulton Iron & Engine works, where he continued for seven years, starting first as an office boy, later as stenographer and subsequently as bookkeeper, and while acting in that capacity made his first investment in a photographic outfit and did amateur work. Early in 1894 he started in business with B. J. Holcormb as an apprentice for two years. IIe was afterward with C. H. Smith for one year and then went to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he spent a few months. ITe then began business with his outfit, doing view work. He came to Mount Clemens and spent the summer of 1897 in making views of hotels and the local scenery. HIe continued in this line of business for some time, visiting towns in rotation until he reached Cincinnati, Ohio. He remained in that city for some time, securing employmlent in the portrait establishment of Portness & Locke. A few months later he entered the employ of James A. Maxwell, of Springfield, Ohio, with whom he continued for a year, during which time he gained valuable experience in the work of enlarging portraits. On the 29th of January, 1889, he purchased the studio of Otto Schultz in Mount Clemens, and in April 1902, he fitted up his present studio in Roskopp, being on Macomb street, where he has since conducted business. He is the only photographer in Mount Clemens who is a member of the Nationali Photographers' Association and he attends many of its conventions. keeping in touch with all of the advancement made in photography. Ile furnishes all the newest grades of work, is the first to display improved and new ideas in photography and in addition to the work which he does as a photographic artist he also deals in photographers' supplies. Mr. IIenk is a Inermber of the Knights of Columbus and has served as regent of the Royal Arcanum. Ite was married October 10, 1900, to Emma L. Keller, a daughter of Conrad Keller, of Detroit, who is a contractor and builder. Their children are Alfred W. and Marcella C. Mr. Henk's interests are centered in his business and family and to the welfare of his wife and children he is most devoted. In the line of his chosen profession he has made rapid advancement and PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 505 to-day his ability ranks him with the leading photographic artists of western Michigan, while his success is the merited reward of his skill. CHARLES L. ANDRUS. Charles IL. Andrus, who is one of the thrifty and successful farmers of Washington township, owns and operates a valuable tract of land of one hundred and twenty-five acres which adjoins the village of Washington. It was upon this farm that he was born September 11, 1855, his father being T. R. Andrus, a native of New York, while his grandfather, Elon Andrus, was born in the same state. The last named came to Michigan about 1820 and fronm the government entered the land on which Charles L. Andrus now resides and the present owner still holds the original patent, which was signed by Jamnes MIonroe, then president of the IUnited States. Elon Andrus had served as a soldier in the war of 1812 and after colning to Michigan he fought the battles of pioneer life and subdued the wilderness, winning victory through his persist โ€” ent labor in his attempt to develop and improve a good farm. T. R. Andrus w\as brought by his parents to this state, where he helped to clear and improve the home farm and in his later years he cared for his parents, thus repaying them for the attention which they bestowed ulpon him in his younger years. lie was married in Troy, Michigan, to Miss Betsy Ilotham, a native of England and a daughter of David Hlotham, who was born in that country and becaime a resident of Michigan when this part of the state was a pioneer district. Mrs. Andrus was seven years of age when she arrived here and was reared in Macomb county amid pioneer surroundings. T. R. Andrus continued to reside upon the old homestead throuohout his active life and passed away about 1865. Hlis widow still survives him and is now eighty-two years of age. In their family were five sons and a daughter, but the latter died in childhood. The sons are: E. W., who died in 1903, at the age of fifty-eight years; George F., a merchant of Evart; Fred 1t., of Detroit; Charles I., of this review; and Truman, who is also living in Evart. In taking up the personal history of Charles L. Andrus we present to our readers the life record of one widely and favorably known in Washington township. He pursued his education in the schools of the village and re mained with his brother, E. W. Andrus, on the old home place, purchasing the interest of the other heirs in the property. They farmed here for a number of years and afterward sold sonle of the lots which were annexed to the town. They rebuilt and remodeled the old home, built a barn and made good improvements in keeping with modern progress along agricultural lines, raised high grades of stock and placed the farm in splendid condition. C. L. Andrus was married in Romeo, August 28, 1895, to Miss Frances Hosner, a native of this county, born and reared near Romneo, while her education was completed in the high school there. She became a teacher and successfully followed that profession for several years prior to her marriage. This union has been blessed with two daughtersA. Marion and Clara AM. Politically a republican Mr. Andrus has thus followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather. He has never been an office seeker but has served on the board of review. IHis brother, E. W. Andrus, however, took an active part in politics and was elected and served in a number of local positions of honor and trust. The brothers were accounted successful farmers of Washington township and together they owned and operated the old homestead, being thus associated until the death of E. W. Andrus in 1903. Charles L. Andrus has spent his entire life upon the farm which is yet his home and his interests have centered in Macomb county, in its development and improvement. He takes great pride in what has been accomplished here and in all matters of citizenship he has been loyal to progressive measures and his aid has never been solicited in vain. Ile and has wife are members of the Union church in Washington and they enjoy in full measure the confidence of their fellowmen. CIARLES A. WINKLER. Charles A. Winkler, active in democratic circles and a prominent and progressive farmer of Harrison township, owns and operates a farm of seventy-four acres and is also cultivating another farm which he rents. He has lived in Macomb county since 1856. He was born in Prussia, July 11, 1842. His father, James Winkler, was born in the same country in 1810 and was there married to Miss Hedwig Speer, a native of Germany. He emi 506 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY grated to the new world in 1856, taking passage at Bremen on the sailing vessel John Lang, which reached the harbor of New York on the 26th of October. IIe made his way at once to Michigan, joining a son in Detroit and later he came to MIacoinb county, settling about seven miles from Mount Clemens, where he purchased a tract of timber land. Here he at once began clearing away the trees and preparing the land for cultivation and in course of time in the midst of a forest he hewed out an excellent farm. Here he spent the last years of his life, passing away October 20, 1882, and his wife survived him, her death occurring November 11, 1893. Charles A. Winkler is one of a family of three sons and two daughters, the eldest being Joseph, a miller, of Oakland county, Michigan, while the others are: Anna, the wife of Louis Ameel, of Mount Clemens; Charles A.; Martha, residing in Mount Clemens; and Albert, who owns and operates the old homestead farm in Macoinb township. Charles A. Winkler spent the first thirteen years of his life in the fatherland and then accompanied his parents on their emigration to the new world. He well remembers the voyage and different incidents of the trip to the new world, feeling a boy's keen interest in everything that occurred. He assisted his father in clearing the home farm and in developing the fields, giving him his services until eighteen years of age, after which he started out upon an active business career, working by the month as a farmhand. Mr. Winkler was married in Van Buren county, Michigan, in October, 1864, to Miss Caroline Bedden, who was born in Genesee county, Michigan, and is a daughter of 0. D. Bedden, a native of New England who settled in this state in pioneer times. Following his marriage Mr. Winkler worked on a farm in Cass county for five years and in 1868 he returned to Macomb county, locating in Mount Clemens, where he followed carpentering for three years. IHe then clerked in a store for two years, after which he took up his abode on a farm. Subsequently he purchased a well improved tract of land of seventy acres. He also farms a place where he now resides of seventy acres and he has at present writing one hundred and forty acres in his home place. Ite likewise farms a tract of one hundred and fifty acres adjoining, and in connection with the tilling of the soil he is conducting a dairy, the product of which finds a ready sale upon the market because of its excellence. He is practical in all that he does and his methodical work and persistency of purpose have been strong elements in gaining him prosperity. Mr. and Mrs. Winkler have four children, who are yet living; Anna, a young lady at home; Etta, the wife of Harold Burton, a traveling salesman; Rosa, at home; and Charles, of Mount Clemens. Mr. Winkler votes with the democratic party, which he has supported since 1896, having previous to that time been a republican. He was elected and served for several years as township clerk, filling the otrice of justice of the peace for several years, was also township treasurer and a member of the board of review. Re-election continued him in all of those offices for some time and in the performance of his duties he was ever found faithful, prompt and reliable. He has frequently been a delegate to county conventions and for twenty-two years has served as a member of the school board, doing effective service in behalf of education. Mr. and Mrs. Winkler were reared in the Catholic faith and belong to the church in Mount Clemens. IIe is one of the men of Macomnb county who has made his own way from his youth, for he started out in life without capital or the assistance of influential friends. IHe has by hard work, good business management and frugality become the owner of a valuable farm and a good home and he has likewise gained an honored name in the land of his adoption. ALBERT A. PARISOT, M. ). Dr. Albert A. Parisot, whose careful and thorough preparation for his chosen profession has made him one of the successful physicians and surgeons of Mount Clemens, now giving his attention in large measure to a bathing practice, was born in Cliff Mine, Keweenaw county, Michigan, April 30, 1864. His paternal grandfather, Gabriel Parisot, lived and died in France. The father, Theophile S. Parisot, was a native of France and came to Michigan fifty-two years ago, settling in Wayne county. Subsequent to his marriage he removed to the North Peninsula and entered the employ of the Phoenix Mining Company, but in April, 1870, he came to Macomb county. Here he engaged in farming. lie died in 1903, at the age of seventy-six years, while his wife is now living in Mount Clemens. She bore the maiden name of Marieanne Voiland and was also a native of France. Hler father Thebeau Voiland, was one of the early PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 507 settlers of Macomb county, locating here more than a half century ago and through long years he followed farming, being one of the worthy pioneers who contributed in large measure to the material improvement of this part of the state. He died at the age of eighty-three years. Theophile S. Parisot had four brothers, three now deceased, while Ferdinand J., who came to this country from France, is now a resident of Michigan. He is known as a veteran warrior, having participated in the Russian-Crimean war and also the Franco-Austrian compaign in 1859, and from 1861 to 1866 he aided the Italian government in suppressing the guerrillas, for which he received the Italian medal of honor from Napoleon the third. All other members of this branch of the Parisot family lived and died in France. Albert A. Parisot is indebted to the public school system of Macomb county for the early educational privileges he enjoyed. After putting aside his text-books he returned to the scenes of his boyhood, being engaged in mining in northern Michigan for a short time. He afterward clerked for the firm of North, Kloeckner & Gardner, at Calumet, Michigan, spending two years in a general store, but realizing in the meantime the value of education he attended the Detroit Business University, from which he was graduated with the class of 1888. lie then became an accountant for the firm of B. Quello & Company, in Red Jacket, Michigan, continuing with that house for a year. On the expiration of that year he removed to Montana, where he was engaged in mining in the employ of the Amalgamated Mining Company. He next became an accountant in a wholesale and retail store in Montana, in which he continued for one year, and on the expiration of that period he came to Mount Clemens, hoping to recover his lost health. Here he did clerical work for the firm of Haller & Company for two years, when, having determined to enter the medical profession, he took up the study of medicine. During his vacations he sailed on the Great Lakes, being for three seasons purser on different vessels. He completed his course of medicine in the Detroit College of Medicine in 1895 and in order to still further promote his efficiency he pursued a course in the Chicago Clinical School in 1898. Every year he spends his vacation in Chicago or in the east attending clinical lectures and hospital work. On the 1st of January, 1896, Dr. Parisot entered upon the practice of medicine in Mount Clemens as a partner of Dr. J. F. O'Keefe, of the firm of O'Keefe & Parisot, a relation which was maintained for two years. The partnership was then dissolved and Dr. Parisot continues in practice alone, being now located at No. 46 Macomb street. He conducts a general and bathing practice and has been very successful, notwithstanding the fact that he has had to make his own way in the world unaided from early boyhood. He has been county physician since 1899 and in his private practice he is accorded a large and liberal patronage, which is indicative of the trust and confidence reposed in him by his fellow townsmen. Dr. Parisot was elected mayor of Mount Clemens on the republican ticket in 1903 and held the office for one year, at the end of which he refused a re-election. He has, however, been somewhat active in political circles and he won his election by a handsome majority. On the 28th of September, 1898, Dr. Parisot was married to Miss Frances C. Lacey, a daughter of Michael and Louisa (Bell) Lacey, of Mount Clemens. Their children are: Merlin A. and Leo J. Dr. Parisot is a member of the Knights of Columbus. He also belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America, the Independent Order of Foresters and the Foresters of America. He was elected grand knight of the Knights of Columbus in 1903 and served until January 1, 1904. He is also physician for that order, for the Woodmen and the Foresters of America. He is a member of the Macomb County Medical-Society and the Michigan State Medical Society and thus he keeps in constant touch with the advanced thought of the profession. He is a man of strong personality, marked individuality, cordial manner, kindly disposition- and unfailing courtesy, and these qualities have gained for him the warm regard of all with whom he has been brought in contact either socially or professionally. WILLIAM CONKLIN. William Conklin was born February 18, 1818, in Herkimer county, New York, and is a son of Andrew and Pamelia (Scott) Conklin. The father was born on Long Island. In the maternal line Mr. Conklin comes from Scotch ancestry, three brothers of the name of Scott having emigrated from the land of the heather to the new world. The maternal grandfather of our subject was a soldier of 508 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the Revolutionary war, wounded in the battle of Bunker Hill, and other representatives of the name were soldiers of the war of 1812, while one was in the Black Iawk war and afterward became manager of the Terre Itaute & Indiana Railroad. lIe was also one of the commissioners who settled the difficulties brought about by the Black Hawk war. Andrew Conklin remained a resident of the Empire state throughout his entire life, his death occurring in Niagara county, New York. IIis widow afterward came to M:ichigan with her son Ielos Conklin, making the trip in 1842, and they also lived for a year in Wisconsin. I)elos Conklin took up government land, constituting the farm upon which his brother William now resides. Hle was born in 18()8, and for many years was an enterprisinl atgriculturist of Macomb county. Besides Williain and Delos there were five sisters in the famiily, one of whom is still living at the age of seventy-five years and is a resident of Menlphis, MIichigan. William ConKlin had but limited educational privileges but his training at farm labor was not meager. When a boy he began work in the fields and w hen also in his teens he learned the cooper's trade, which he followed for a number of years. HIe bought his first land in Richmond townIship, becomling the owner of sixty acres and later he purchased forty-two acres in Armnada township. IIis brother owned one hundred and fifty acres of land which is ilno in possession of a nephew of William Conklin. Throughout his entire business career William Conklin has been identified either with coopering or with farnlingo interests and his untiring labor and good btlusiness judgrnlent have constituted the basis of his success.. Ile is the owner of eighty acres in Berlin towTnship, St. Clair county. Delos Conklin was twice lmarried, his first union being with a Miss Stewart. Following her death he married EIliza Spencer, by whom he had one child, Henry D. Conklin, whose birth occurred July 18, 1853. rIhe mlother's death occurred only a few days later, but the father survived until 1877, when he passed away, leaving his son Henry, to whom we are indebted for the early history of the family. I-e was educated in the schools of Armada and has always carried on general farming. Like his father he has been a supporter of the republican party and filled the office of pathmaster. ITe attends the Congregational church, in which the family have long been identified, his father having struck the first blow in the present Congregational church in Arnada. The name Conklin is closely associated with the early development of this part of the state and no history of Alacolnb county would be complete without mention of the representatives of the name. STEPHEN H-. WIITNEY. Stephen H. Whitney, living on section 8, Macomb township, has made farming his life work and is now operating a tract of land of two hundred and seven acres, which in its well improved condition indicates his careful management and capable methods. He was born in 1\lacoimb township, May 12, 1850. Ills father, John Whitney, was a native of New York and in early manhood came west to Michigan, casting in his lot with the pioneer settlers at a time when the greater part of this state wvas wild and unimproved. He entered land from the governlent in Macomb township, becoming the owner of two hundred and twenty acres which he soon transformed into a valuable tract, carrying on the work of improvement and progress until he owned an excellent property. IHe was married here to Miss Phoebe Nelson, a native of England, who came to this country when a child with her father, Richard Nelson, oine of the early settlers of this portion of the state. John Whitney and his wife reared their family upon the old homestead farm and continued to reside there until called to their final rest, the husband surviving his wife for a number of years. Of their three sons and four daughters, two sons and one daughter are yet living, the brother, Cortland Whitney, being a resident of Mount Clemens, while Electa MI. Whitney is now the wife of Julian Axtell of Omaha, Nebraska. Stephen H. Whitney was reared in the usual manner of farmer lads, obtaining his education in the home schools and working in the fields when not busy with his textbooks. IIe remained with his father until he had attained his majority and then made arrangements for having a home of his own by his marriage on the 11th of April, 1872, to Miss Emma S. Immen, a native of Macomb county, born in New Baltimore. Her father, John H. Imumen, was born in London, England, and came to Michigan when this was largely an undeveloped portion of the state. Mr. and Mrs. Whitney began their life upon a farm which he rented for three years, MR. AND MRS. S. H. WHITNEY i PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 5II and in 1875 he bought where he now resides, securing one hundred and sixty-seven acres of land which he at once began to cultivate and improve. He made various repairs and changes, continuing the work of development until good buildings sheltered his grain and stock and the fields yielded him rich harvests. As he prospered in his undertakings and his financial resources were thereby increased he added to his land from time to time until he now has about two hundred and twenty acres, and in connection with the cultivation of the fields he raises good stock, making a specialty of high grade and pure blooded Durham cattle. He fattens and feeds stock for the market and his annual sales return him a good income. In his business relations he is found to be trustworthy, conducting all transactions so that while he realizes a fair profit he never takes advantage of the necessities of his fellowmen. Mr. and Mrs. Whitney have become the parents of seven children: Florence L.; Clara E., the wife of Orvil Davis, who is living at Davis, Michigan; Bertha F., the wife of Robert B. Miller, who was educated at Mount Clemens and is a teacher of Macomb county; Grace P., the wife of John E. Hall, who is also a teacher and was educated in Mount Clemens; Maude C., who is a graduate of Mount Clemens high school; Clarence, who died at the age of thirteen years, and John H., a student in the Macomb school. Mr. Whitney's study of the political questions and issues of the day led him to give his first presidential ballot in support of General U. S. Grant and he has since been a stanch and earnest republican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Macomb and he has served as one of its trustees. He is affiliated with the Maccabees and the Gleaners, fraternal insurance orders, and he is well known socially, having many warm friends who esteem him for the possession of sterling traits of character. EDWARD GRAHAM FOLSOM\, M. D. Dr. Edward Graham Folsom, engaged in the general practice of medicine in Mount Clemens, where he is also filling the position of postmaster, giving to the city a practical, businesslike administration, was born in Attica, Wyoming county, New York, May 25, 1854, and in the paternal line is descended from one of the old families of Massachusetts, the original American ancestors coming from England in 1630. His father, George P. Folsom, was a native of Buffalo, New York, and pursued his education in Williams College and the Auburn Theological Seminary. Being ordained a clergyman of the Presbyterian church, he entered upon the work of the ministry at Attica, New York, in 1852. His last days were spent in Mount Clemens, where he died November 12, 1904, at the age of seventyeight years. His widow still survives him at the age of seventy-seven years. She bore the maiden name of Lillias Graham Fraser and was born in Scotland, her birthplace being on the isle of Isla. She was only three years of age when brought to America by her parents, who located first at Goderich, Canada. When Dr. Folsom was five years old his parents removed to Geneseo, New York, and he afterward attended Temple Hill Academy until 1869, when he became a student in Lake Forest Academy, at Lake Forest, Illinois. He pursued a course there and at the age of seventeen years he began clerking in the store of John V. Farwell, in Chicago. He was thus employed until October, 1871, when the great Chicago fire occurred. He afterward returned to Geneseo, New York, where he was employed in a store for three years, after which he entered upon the study of medicine, his reading being directed by James A. West, M. D., for a year. In the fall of 1875 he entered the Chicago Homeopathic College, from which he was graduated March 5, 1877. He began the practice of medicine in Albion, New York, where he remained for a year, spent a similar period in Beloit, Wisconsin, and then located for practice in Oak Park, Illinois, where he continued until 1882. The succeeding two years were passed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and in June, 1884, he came to Mount Clemens, where he has since engaged in the general practice of medicine. Ite is a member of the Macomb County, Michigan State and American Medical Associations and has presided at various meetings of these organizations, keeping in close touch with the progress that is constantly being made by the profession. During his residence in Mount Clemens, covering twenty-one years, Dr. Folsom has held office for seventeen years. He was health officer for nine years, was secretary of the Macomb county board of pension examiners for four years and in 1901 was appointed postmaster by President McKinley and is now filling that office, giving a most satisfactory administration. His ancestors were whigs and he has always been a republican, never falter 512 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ing in his allegiance to the party, while in its local ranks he is known as an active and effective worker. He has served for six years as treasurer of the republican county comnittee. On the 26th of December, 1878, Dr. Folsorn was married to Miss Hattie F. Miller, of Chicago, a daughter of Albion R. and Martha (Tambling) Miller, formerly of Potsdam, New York. Their children are Claude Miller, Elizabeth Graham, George Albion, Edward Graha, Jr,,, and Robert Fitch. Dr. Folsom and his family are widely known and occupy an enviable position in the social circles of the city. He holds membership relations with the Knights of the Maccabees, the Modern Woodmen of America and with the Presbyterian church, and his professional career, his political record and his private life alike commend him to the good will and esteem of those with whom he is daily brought in contact. CHARLES IT. JONES. Charles II. Jones, who is living a retired life in Meade, and known for many years as a wide-awake, practical and progressive agriculturist in'Macomb county, is still the owner of a farm of one hundred and fifty acres, which is well improved and constitutes a valuable property. His birth occurred in Ray, Michigan, July 8, 1840. Iis father, James Jones, was a native of London, England, born in 1803, and there he was reared to manhood, locating in the state of New York when a young man. IHe was married in Rochester, New York, to Miss Elizabeth Funnell, also a native of England, who came to the United States on the same vessel on which her husband crossed the Atlantic. Their acquaintance was begun during that voyage and for a year after their marriage they remained in Rochester, New York, coning thence to Michigan about 1830. They settled in Macomb township, Macomb county, and later Mr. Jones returned to England, where he secured some money and then again coming to America he purchased government land and opened up a farm on section 12, Ray township. He at first had eighty acres from which he cleared the brush and trees and afterward plowed and planted the fields until they returned him good crops. Thus he opened up a farm and later in life he extended its boundaries by the purchase of additional acreage. He also owned land in different counties, his possessions aggregating about five hundred acres. He was recognized as one of the trustworthy and influential farmers of his locality. He mlade several trips across the Atlantic to his old home, crossing the water thirteen times. Ite took great delight in travel and visited every portion of the United States, thus gaining an intimate knowledge of his adopted country as well as of his native land. He was a financier, capable, alert and enterprising in all business matters, and through the careful conduct of his varied interests he won the suceeess that enabled him in his later years to live retired in New Haven. There he died in 1895 at the ripe old age of ninety-three years. He was a democrat in his political affiliation where national issues were involved. His wife passed away in New Haven in 1879. They were the parents of ten children, all of whom reached mature years and of this number three sons and three daughters are yet living, namely: Charles II., Robert and David F., who are residents of this county and are represented on another page of this work; MIrs. Mary Brownlee, of Detroit; Celestia, the wife of John B. Lafurgey, of Chesterfield; and Ida, the wife of Russell Hazelton, a farmer of Ray township. Charles Il. Jones was reared to manhood in MIacomb township upon his father's farm, no event of special importance occurring to vary the routine of farm life for him in his boyhood and youth. IIe was educated in the country schools and remained upon the old homestead until grown, assisting materially in carrying on the farm. In early manhood he sought a companion and helpmate for life's journey, being married in Chesterfield Septetmber 24, 1865, to Miss Celestia Hart, a daughter of Putnam Hart, a native of New York, who came to Michigan when a young mIan and was married here to Louisa Crawford, a native of the Empire state. She had arrived in Michigan when a maiden of eleven summers. Mr. Hart followed farming in Chesterfield township and it was there that Mrs. Jones was born, reared and educated. Following his marriage Mr. Jones followed farming in Chesterfield township for seven years, beginning his domestic life upon a small tract of land of forty acres. Later he sold that property and located in Macomb township. There he had eighty acres, which he began to farm, making substantial improvements thereon. He built a good residence and barn, planted an orchard and shade trees, set up a wind-pump, fenced his fields and continued the work of improvement until his efforts resulted in the development of a PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 513 fine property. Hle raised grain and stock and also conducted a dairy, and his business affairs were managed with systematic care and precision. Iie removed from his farm in Mlarch, 1902, at which time he purchased two acres of land in Meade and built a neat home there, since which time he has lived retired, having rented his farm. 3ir. and Mrs. Jones are the parents of ten children, of whom nine are living, as follows: Fred J., who is engaged in the manufacture of hllber in Chattanooga, Tennessee; Frank P., who is now connected with the Meade Creamery; Jessie, the wife of Ward Conklin, a farlmer of Macolmb county; Jennie B., the wife of Clyde Reed, of Detroit; Hattie, the wife of Merton Dennison, of Macomb township: Louisa E., the wife of Marvin Houton, a lumber merchant of McDonald, Tennessee; Vena K., the wife of Ward Switzer, a jeweler, of AIount Clemens; Elizabeth Ann, a teacher in Maeombl township; and Addie I., a student in the County Normal at New Baltimore. They also lost one daughter, Ella L., who died in early vwomanhood, in 1895. Like the other members of the family Charles II. Jones gives his political allegiance to the democracy, but aside from casting his ballot in support of the measures of the party has never been active in politics. His labors in behalf of agricultural idevelopment, however, have been notable. Ite has worked persistently and earnestly for the acquirement of a comllfortable competence and now that his la)bors have been rewarded he is enjoying a well merited rest in the midst of the fruits oft lis formler toil. OSMAN B. EVANS. O)smian B. Evans, a traveling, salesman residing at Richmlond, is numbered among the native sons of St. Clair county, Michigan, his birth having occurred in Kimball, August 9, 1859. He is a son of Charles Brison Evans. who was born in Cork, Ireland, in 1835. lIe niarried Elizabeth Closs, who became the adopted daughter of Samuel Baker, a native of New York, who was a Methodist preacher and came to Michigan in 1842, locating at Rich1(ond, where he spent his remllaining days, his death occurring in 1866. Charles B. Evans was a little lad of six summers when brought to America in 1841. He becamle a resident of St. Clair county, Michigan, where he remained until 1860 when he removed to MIacomb county, set tling two and a half miles northeast of Richmond on section 24, Richmond township. There he continued throughout his active life and the farm which he owned and operated is still in possession of the family. He was a man of genuine moral worth in all life's relations, and he held membership with the Methodist church and gave his political support to the republican party. He had fifteen children, ten of whom were born of his first marriage and five by the second. OsmIan 13. Evans, the eldest child, spent his school days in St. Clair county and continued on the old homestead farm until his marriage, (during which time he gained intimate and practical knowledge of the best methods of tilling the soil. Ile chose Miss May A. Chubb as a companion and helpmate for life's journey, their marriage being celebrated November 2, 1892. She was born in Ray township, Macolmb county, August 6, 1867. Her father, Joseph Chubb, was born in November, 1822, and married Clarissa R. Lathrop, who was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1826, and died in 1894. The grandfather, Joseph Chubb, was born September 1, 1780, and married Asenath Stevens. e I had an ancestor who served in the war of the Revolution. The grandfather came to Macaomb county in 1825 and securedC a homestead in Ray township, where he lived for many years as a respected citizen. By his first marriage he had three children, William, Joseph and Sallie. Followillg the death of his first wife he married her sister, Aaria Stevens, and their children are David, Elijah, Mrs. Lucinda Lee, Polly, Edwin and Ilucretia. The first two and the last two are still living and Elijah resides near Detroit, while the others are residents of Macolmb county. Joseph Chubb, father of Mrs. Evans, was entirely a self-made man. He did not learn his alphabet until he was fourteen years of age and his education was obtained through his unaided efforts. While earning his own living he utilized leisure hours for study and spent a few winter seasons in school. In 1863 he entered the Michigan University at Ann Arbor and was graduated fron the law department in 1865, after which he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession in Ray township. In 1872 he removed to New Haven, where he continued in practice until 1876, when he removed to the village of Ridgeway, now Richmond, here residing until his death in 1892. Owing to a crippled limb he was unable to enter the army at the 5I4 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY time of the Civil war but served for a number of years as a recruiting officer and was deputy provost marshal. In politics he was a stanch republican for a number of years and afterward a prohibitionist, having always been a stanch advocate of the cause of temperance. Although handicapped somewhat physically he lived a most active and useful life and for ten years was extensively engaged in the lumber business. He had two children, the son being Theodore Chubb, now of Lenox township. The daughter, Mrs. Evans, spent her school days in Richmond and was graduated from the high school in 1886, after which she followed teaching for six years in Macomb and St. Clair counties. In 1892 Mr. and Mrs. Evans removed to Lenox, where they now have a pleasant home noted for its gracious and warm-hearted hospitality. For the past eight years he has been upon the road as traveling salesman for the Port Huron Engine & Thresher Company. He has been a school trustee for four years and in 1905 was elected president of the village. He belongs to Richmond lodge, A. F. & A. M., and Mount Clemens chapter, R. A. M. IHe is also connected with the Knights of the Maccabees, the Improved Order of Foresters and the Knights of Pythias. His manner is social and cordial and he has become popular upon the road as well as in the place of his residence, having many warm friends among his business patrons as well as among those whom he meets socially. PETER. DANIELS LERICII. Peter D. Lerich is a representative farmer and the oldest living resident of Macomb county. Iis life has been noble in many respects and no history of this portion of the state would be complete without his record. le was born May 20, 1810, in Greenwich township, Warren county, New Jersey, a son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Daniels) Lerich. The paternal grandfather was a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, was a soldier of the Revolution and served as a commissioned officer. He had a great deal of continental money and with this he went to New Jersey to buy land. There he acquired a large tract of land and for a number of years engaged in the operation of flour, plaster and sawmills. He had eleven children by his first marriage, six sons and five daughters, of whom Isaac Lerieh was the second. When Isaac was on his death bed he told his son Peter never to touch a drop of intoxicating liquor and this advice the son faithfully followed. Isaac Lerich was a soldier of the war of 1812 and Mr. Lerich of this review well remembers seeing his father in his uniform. He died in New Jersey, after which his widow became the wife of William Cougle, of that state, who also died in New Jersey. Many experiences and hardships incident to pioneer life were borne by her and she performed much arduous toil, aiding in shearing sheep in her early womanhood. Peter D. Lerich was the second of three children, his brother Robert dying in Michigan, while his sister Margaret Ann died at the very advanced age of ninety years. He is thus the only survivor of the famiily. IHe was educated in the schools of New Jersey in reading, writing and arithmetic. On the 18th of April, 1835, he married Sarah Fishbough, a daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Oglethorpe) Fishbough, the latter a lineal descendant of James Oglethorpe, the founder of the colony of Georgia. She was a noted singer and sang in public many well known slavery songs, taking an active part in the anti-slavery movement. Mrs. Lerich's father was of German lineage, was born in New Jersey and engaged in teaching, being a noted educator of that day. She received her early education in the schools of that state and announced her desire to attend a country rather than a town school, telling her guardian that the teacher of the former could instruct her in geography, while that branch of learning was not taught in the town school. She fed and milked five cows every morning and evening in order to pay for her board and she walked two miles to the schoolhouse, often througlh snow and mud. She was born of poor parents in a log cabin and her mother's birth was also in a similar building. Mrs. Lerich had one brother and one sister, the former being William, who became a noted author, his books being widely circulated. In early manhood he was a Universalist preacher and later served as private secretary to Andrew Jackson Davis. Elizabeth Fishbough, the youngest member of the family, became the wife of Larman Chatfield, a noted Metlhodist preacher of Maeomb county, Michigan, who was numbered among the pioneer ministers of this part of the state and afterward served as presiding elder. Mr. Lerich came west in 1835, traveling by water from Brunswick, New Jersey, to PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 5I5 New York, thence up the Hudson, by the Erie canal to Buffalo and by lake to Detroit, which was then a small place. His mother had sold her land in New Jersey and bought land here. Mr. Lerich intended to go farther west but his wife fell from the wagon and broke her arm when near Royal Oak, thirteen miles north of Detroit. This caused him to remain in eastern Michigan and he purchased land from Nathaniel C. Naramore, upon which were two log houses and a barn, the tract comprising two hundred and twenty acres. To this he afterward added one hundred and sixty-six acres, which is still known as the Springhill farm. He also bought other land in Will county, Illinois, near Joliet, and altogether had eleven hundred acres, a part of which he purchased for ten shillings per acre and afterward sold for twenty dollars per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Lerich were the parents of ten children but only three are living. William F., born in 1840, was a member of the Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war and was wounded at Charles City crossroads. He married Elizabeth Parrish, near Utica, and died in 1883, leaving a son and daughter, William F. and Sarah. Isaac N., born in 1842, was also a member of the Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infantry and was wounded and lay on the battle-field for fourteen days, after which he was taken prisoner. Following his convalescence he was made a captain and afterward major at San Antonio, Texas. There he married Emma Duller and died in 1883, survived by six children. Cleantha, born May 14, 1838, became the wife of Grant Underwood, living near Rochester, Michigan. Later they removed to Nebraska. Mrs. ITnderwood died in April, 1904. They had six sons and one daughter. Sarah, born June 27, 1848, is the widow of Walter Miller and resides in Kenesaw, Nebraska. She had four sons and two daughters, but only three sons are yet living. Lillian, born July 6, 1854, is an artist and the wife of Willis Miller, of Oxford, Michigan, by whom she has one son, Maurice. Margaretta, born March 3, 1836, Hale born March 20, 1851, Joseph, born January 25, 1856, and Jamie, born September 10, 1858, all died in infancy. Liberetta E., born January 20, 1845, has spent most of her life in Macomb county. In 1865 she became the wife of Addison J. Green, the oldest child of Calvin and Louisa (Baldwin) Green. Calvin Green was an extensive farmer of Oakland county. He came from New York to Michigan with his father, James Green, and settled in Oakland county at an early period in its development. Addison J. Green, also a progressive farmer of Macomb county, was one of seven children, three of whom are still living, namely: Mrs. Mary Sprague and Mrs. Lucy Sprague, of Pontiac, Michigan; and Mrs. Avis Keyes, who resides in that locality. Addison Green died May 25, 1905, leaving besides his widow three sons and three daughters: Gerls T., who married Mary Kessel, of Oxford, and conducts a meat market at that place; Loa, a teacher of science in the high school of Big Rapids; Cleo, who was educated at Utica and after teaching school for two years near Mount Clemens has resided in Utica, caring for her aged grandfather since 1898; Benjamin C., of iapeer, who married Josie Hollister, of Oxford, and has a son and daughter; Wallace A., a stockdealer of Oxford; and Bretta E., the wife of John L. Wallace, of Drumbo, Ontario, by whom she has one son. Mr. and Mrs. Lerich went through the usual experiences of pioneer life. Money was very scarce in those early days and was not to be depended upon, for it was issued by banks without apparent security by which the bills could be redeemed. They fluctuated greatly in value and land values were equally unstable. The money was called red dog and wild cat currency or by other names equally fanciful. The people saw very hard times and starvation seemed to threaten many a family at an early day. In one year the early settlers used their ashes and got from them salt which they took to the town and traded for the necessaries of life. The rates of postage were exorbitant and Mr. Lerich tells that the first letter he received had a postage of seventy-five cents upon it, but the letter contained two hundred dollars, so that he did not demur in paying that amount. He has always been a strong temperance man and would not sell his grain to the distilleries. At one time he evidenced his dislike to the business by salting some corn with which he had to pay a note. This prevented the corn from fermenting quickly enough to be used for distilling purposes. The man to whom he gave the corn was very indignant and claimed he could not feed it to his stock as it might kill the hogs, but Mr. Lerich said that he would pay for all the hogs killed by salted corn. He has always been a champion of right and progress. He first voted for Birney, being one of the first seventy in the United States who cast a ballot for the aboli 516 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY tion candidate. The second time Birney received about seven hundred votes. Mr. Lerich was a very strong anti-slavery man and did all he could to further the cause, and when the crisis came he gave two sons to the Union army. In 1889, realizing that old age was fast coming upon them, Mr. and Mrs. Lerich sold the old home, Springhill, and removed to the Fishbough cottage, a half mile west of Utica, which Mrs. Lerich had previously purchased and to which she gave her girlhood name. Here she passed away in May, 1898. Mr. Lerich is one of the most estimable men of Macomb county, of strong character and stalwart purpose. He is to-day one of the oldest settlers in this part of Michigan and is the patriarch of Macomb county. With the efficient care of his granddaughter, Miss Cleo, he bids fair to reach the century mark only four years away. MERTON B. SMITH. There is no single agency which has exercised a more potent influence than the press in the promotion and conservation of advancement in all the normal lines of human progress. The press is both the director and mirror of public opinion, and Macomb county has been signally favored in the character of its newspapers which have aimed to advance its interests and have assisted in laying fast and sure the foundations of an enlightened commonwealth. Mr. Smith of this review is popular in Romeo, where he conducts a well-edited paper, The Romeo Observer, which is a worthy representative of journalism in Michigan. Mr. Smith was born October 25, 1868, in the city where he yet resides, his parents being Timothy A. and Mary L. Smith. The father came to Michigan from Middletown, Connecticut, in 1852, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until 1875, when he went upon the road as a traveling salesman. IHe died June 1, 1896, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, his birth having occurred in Delhi, New York, August 9, 1831. Iis wife, Mary Laurissa Prentiss, who was born in Romeo, October 4, 1835, passed away August 27, 1888. Merton B. Smith was a student in the village schools until fifteen years of age, when, having finished the work of the seventh grade in the high school, he entered the office of The Romeo Observer as a printer and with this paper has since been connected as employe or owner. He purchased the plant and building of the late George A. Waterbury, December 4, 1894, and has since given his energies to the conduct of the paper, which in its make-up presents a neat appearance and in its composition is a bright, newsy journal, treating in interesting manner the local events and the questions of national interest. The Observer is also the champion of republican principles, for Mr. Smith believes firmly in that party. He was elected on that ticket to the office of village president in 1895, serving for one term. He was village trustee from 1901 until 1903; village treasurer from 1889 until 1901; and was again elected to that office in 1903, serving until 1905, so that his incumbency in that position covered four terms. Mr. Smith was married December 19, 1894, in Romeo, to Miss Grace D. Millen, a daughter of Captain and Mrs. William F. Millen, of Romeo. Socially he is connected with Romeo lodge, No. 41, A. F. & A. M., which he joined in 1889. The following year he became a member of Romeo chapter, No. 17, R. A. M.; in 1892 of Romeo commandery, No. 6, K. T.; in 1895 of Moslem Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine of Detroit; in 1897 he joined the Independent Order of Foresters; and in 1903 the Knights of the Maccabees. He is a gentleman of kindly disposition and unfailing courtesy, enjoying the respect of all who know him and the friendship of many with whom he has come in contact. OTIS B. MALLOW, M. D. Dr. Otis B. Mallow, who is devoting his attention to bathing practice in Mount Clemens and has now a liberal patronage, was born in Washington Courthouse, Ohio, August 26, 1875. His paternal grandfather, Simeon Mallow, was a native of Frankfort, Ohio, and one of the pioneer residents of the southern part of the state. IIe engaged in buying and selling live stock throughout his business career and died at the advanced age of eightysix years. His son, John Mallow, was born in Frankfort, Ohio, and for many years was engaged in farming and the real-estate and banking business. He also became a large landowner in that state, having a valuable farm of six hundred acres in addition to other property. He married Miss Julia Bush, a native of Frankfort, and a daughter of Solomon Bush, who built the first stone house in M. B. SMITH I PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 519 (;reenfield, Ohio. Ile owned the largest store ill F'rankfort, Ohio, and he made his home in those two towns, being an active factor in their material progress and development. Ite also ouilt several mills and engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods, while later he turned his attention to merchandising..le reached the very venerable age of ninety-seven years. His daughter, Mrs. Mallow, passed away in 1883, at the age of forty years, and John Mallow is still living. I)r. Mallow of this review was a publicschool student of Washington Courthouse, and later entered the Riverside Military School, of Pouoghkeepsie, New York, when sixteen years of age. IHe was afterward a student in Kenyon MIilitary Academy, where he spent one year, and the following year he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, where he pursued a three years' course, thereby completing his more specifically literary education. Iie next began preparation for his profession, matriculating in the Ohio Mledical College, at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he pursued the regular course. lie also added to his knowledge through performing the services of interne at the City Hospital, at Cincinnati. This covered a period of one and a half years. IHe was graduated from the Ohio Medical College in May, 1901, and in August, 1902, he came to Mount Clemens. Here he entered upon the practice of his chosen profession and lie now has a good general as well as bathing practice. He is thoroughly in touch with the modern methods of the medical fraternity and is constantly broadening his knowledge by reading and investigation. )Dr. AMallow is a member of the Nu Sigma Nu, a medical fraternity, and he also belongs to the Alacomb County Medical Society and the American AMedical Society. Fraternally he is connected with the Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. &A. M. Ile is a man of genial temperamlenlt, painstaking and reliable in his profession and is prominent both socially and professionally in his adopted city. WARREN L. BLISS. Warren L. Bliss, living on section 3, Macomb township, was born February 20, 1860, on-the farm which is yet his place of residence and is a son of Jacob and Ann (Ives) Bliss. The father, born in Norfolk, England, in 1828, was a son of John Bliss and was descended from a long line of English ancestors. Ile was reared in the country of his nativity and there married Miss Ives, also a native of England. Two children were born to them ere they emigrated to the new world about 1841. They spent three years in the state of New York and about 1845 came to Michigan, settling upon a farm in Macomb township, Macomb county. Later Mr. Bliss purchased forty acres of land, where his son Warren L. now resides, and this he began to improve, tilling the fields, planting his crops, and in due course of time reaping good harvests. When his labors justified investment in more land he extended the boundaries of his farm until he had seventy-one acres well equipped with good buildings. He continued his farming operations until his life's labors were ended in death on the 20th of April, 1901. His wife had passed away several years before, dying on the 5th of March, 1895. This worthy couple were the parents of five sons and a daughter, who are yet living, and they lost two children in early youth. The others are: William, who is represented elsewhere; Alfred, who resides in Benzie county, Michigan; Squire Bliss, who is living in the same county; Warren L. of this review; Albert, a resident of Davis, Michigan; and Hannah, who is the eldest of the family and is the widow of George Davis of Benzie county. The daughters who died in childhood were Helen and Rosa.. Warren L. Bliss was reared upon the home farm and pursued a district-school education. When his time was not thus occupied he assisted his father on the home farm, eventually resumed its management and at length succeeded to the ownership of the place. He was married in New Haven, Macomb county, on the 11th of December, 1893, to Miss Rachel Avery, who was born and reared in this county and is a daughter of Tilden Avery, a native of New York and a granddaughter of Benjamin Avery, one of the early settlers of this part of the state. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Bliss began their domestic life on the old homestead farm and have since lived upon the place, his attention being given to general agricultural pursuits and to the raising and feeding of stock, his specialty being pure blooded Shropshire sheep. His business affairs have been capably conducted and his enterprise and determination form the basic elements of his prosperity. He votes with the republican party but has never been an active seeker for office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist 520 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Episcopal church and are well known in the locality where they have so long lived, Mr. Bliss having spent his entire life upon the farm which he yet owns and operates. HARVEY L. SCOTT, D. D. S. Dr. Harvey L. Scott, a dental practitioner of Mount Clemens and lecturer on the anatomy of the head and neck in the Detroit Medical College, was born in the city of Detroit, November 5, 1873, a son of George and Sophia Scott. His paternal grandfather, George Scott, was connected with the Canadian government service as a military officer. His father, Captain George Scott, was born in Canada and became a sailor and master or lighthouse tender, thus representing the United States for thirtyfive years. He was also a man of considerable literary ability and was author of Scott's Coast Pilot for the Great Lakes. He published this for twenty-two years and his son, Harvey T., has continued its publication. Captain Scott was also a school teacher of Macomb county for several years. He came to the United States in early life and was a most highly respected and valued resident of the communities in which he made his home. Captain Scott died July 7, 1893, at the age of sixty-two years, while his wife, who is a native of England, is still living in Mount Clemens. They were married in this county. Harvey L. Scott at the usual age entered the public schools of Detroit and continued as a high school student. Ile first sailed on the Great Lakes after putting aside his textbooks and later secured a clerkship in a drug store in his native city spending a year and a half in that way and at the same time he attended the high school. Determining upon a professional career he matriculated in the Detroit College of Medicine, September 23, 1891, and was graduated therefrom in April, 1894, having completed the regular course. He afterward re-entered the dental department of that college from which he was graduated in June, 1896, and thus he won the degrees of M. D. and D. D. S. He opened his office for the practice of dentistry in Mount Clemens in June, 1896, and has since continued here with marked success, having a constantly growing patronage. He has a splendidly equipped office, supplied with all the modern appliances of dentistry, aind is most painstaking and careful in his professional service, while his work has given the utmost satisfaction to his many patrons. He is now lecturer on the anatomy of the head and neck in the Detroit Medical College, which position he has filled since 1896, and he is a member of the Delta Sigma Delta. Dr. Scott was married in September, 1899, to Miss Jennie Bartley, a daughter of O. K. Bartley of Mount Clemens. Fraternally he is connected with the Knights of Pythias and in Masonry with the lodge, chapter and council of Mount Clemens and Romeo commnandery, K. T. He also belongs to the MAount Clemens Club and is popular in these various organizations, his genial manner and deference for the opinions of others winning him favorable regard. He has also figured to some extent in public life here and in 1903 was elected to represent the first ward in the city council. IHe possesses a progressive spirit and indomitable enterprise, which have been important factors in the upbuilding of the middle west, is a man of much force of character and is today recognized as a leader in his profession in Mount Clemens. URIEL DAY. Uriel Day, deceased, who was prominent in pioneer times in Macomb county, was born in Otsego county, New York, December 10, 1810, a descendant of Robert and Mary Day, who emigrated to America from England in April, 1634, and settled at Newton, now Cambridge, Massachusetts. Iis parents were Harry and Nancy (Chamberlin) Day, also natives of Otsego county. In early life he lived for nine years in Pennsylvania and in 1833 arrived in Michigan, casting in his lot with the pioneer settlers who were reclaiming this region for the uses of the white man when hitherto it had been in the domain of the red race. He cleared and developed a farm on section 7, Armada township, placing the land under a high state of cultivation and making his home there until his death. On the 12th of September, 1833, Mr. Day was united in marriage to Miss Olive Sperry, who was born August 22, 1812. In their family were four children: Emily, who was born June 25, 1834, and became the wife of Samuel Huliett, their home being in Armada township; Cordelia, who was born June 8, 1837, and is the wife of Captain Henry Howgate, a resident of Washington, D. C.; Caroline M., PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY who was born December 16, 1839, and is the wife of Robert McKay, who was living in Bruce township; and Lucinda E., who was born October 16, 1843, and married John MAcKay, of Romeo. Uriel Day, the subject of this sketch, died May 14, 1886, and his wife, Olive, died March 30, 1886. Mr. Day was prominent and influential during the early epoch in the history of Macomb county. lIe did not confine his attention alone to his farmiing interests but was progressive in citizenship and business affairs. IIe was a director and organizer of the Citizens National Bank of Romeo, Michigan. His political support was given to the republican party and for many years he was a consistent and helpful member of the TMethodist Episcopal church, contributing liberally toward the erection of the houses of worship of that denomination in Romeo and Armada. Thus his life was well spent and proved of value to his fellowsm en. THlOMAS EDWARD COOK. Thomas Edward Cook, living on section 34, Lenox township, is a representative, in both the maternal and paternal lines of honored pioneer families of Macomb county who have contributed to its development and have assisted in transforming it from a frontier region to a center of an enlightened civilization. Ile was born in the village of New Haven, September 19, 1873, a son of Isaac M. and Harriet E. (Phelps) Cook. The paternal grandparents, Thomas and Laura (McDowell) Cook were natives of New York state and there Isaac M. Cook was born June 4, 1824. Ile removed from the Empire state to Iowa in 1841 and in 1843 came to Macomb county. After several changes of residence he finally located in Lenox township, living on the Ed E. Phelps farm, where he beoan dealing in horses. He continued that business until 1854, when he formed a partnership with Adam Bennett and opened a general mercantile store in New Haven. After conducting that enterprise for twelve years they disposed of the business and Mr. Cook again devoted his time to buying and selling cattle and horses,. In 1880 he purchased the Phelps homestead, which he farmed in connection with his stock-dealing, being thus engaged until his death in 1904. His wife has also passed away. She was a daughter of Edwin C. Phelps, who was born near Brooklyn, New York, and came to Macomb county, in 1830, settling in Mount Clemens, where he lived for five years, when he took up his abode in Lenox township and purchased from the government what became known as the Phelps homestead-the property upon which Thomas E. Cook is now living. Ile began at once to clear his land and built the residence which is still standing. For many years he owned and controlled a part of the old Gratiot turnpike and the building which he used as a toll house is one of the landmarks on his farm. For ten years he engaged in the operation of a sawmill two miles north of his home, but the mill was destroyed by fire and he afterward gave his undivided attention to his agricultural pursuits. ITe was always prominent and helpful in township affairs and educational matters, being the chainpion of all helpful measures, and he also did much to promote the work of the Congregational church, of which he was a long devoted member. Thomas E. Cook pursued his education in the district schools and in the Detroit Business College and was thus well equipped for the practical and responsible duties of life. Hle lived with his father in New Haven and assisted in the work of the farm until 1898, when he was given full charge of the place. He has remodeled the house and buildings and has made many substantial improvements. He has built wire fences, has drained the land and has secured modern farm implements to facilitate the work of the fields. He has always carried on general farming but is now largely making a specialty of dairying and intends to give still more time to that branch of his business, the products of his dairy finding a ready and profitable sale on the market. On the 19th of September, 1901, Mr. Cook married Miss Carrie M. Bates, a daughter of William and Mary (Van Voorhes) Bates, of New Iaven, Michigan. They have one daughter, Harriet Eleanor, born February 20, 1905. Mrs. Cook's parents were natives of Lenawee and Macomb counties, respectively, and her father came to this county in 1843, when only six months old, his parents settling in Chesterfield township. He lived on the old homestead there until 1865, when he removed to New Haven, where he has since followed the trades of a stone-mason and plasterer. He was married, December 25, 1871, to Miss Mary Van Voorhes, of Chesterfield township, whose parents came 522 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY to this county in 1846. Mrs. Cook is the second of their three living children, her brothers being Charles and Frank, who are living in Detroit. Mr. Cook has been pathmaster of his district but prefers to leave office holding to others, while he concentrates his energies upon his business affairs, which are now proving profitable and which demand the greater part of his time and attention. Without engaging in speculation he has won a desirable competence and is known as one who is reliable, accurate and just in all business transactions. JOHN A. WOLF, SR. John A. Wolf, Sr., was born in Sarentine, Germany, March 17, 1845, and died in Mount Clemens, Michigan, July 22, 1902, at the age of fifty-seven years. He was the only son of John and Elizabeth (Williams) Wolf, but there were nine daughters in the family: Mrs. Caroline C. Gladewitz, a widow living in Mount Clemens; Christina, who married John IHeide and died leaving two children to the care -of the father; Wilhelmine, who is the wife of John Dusse, of Mount Clemens and has four children; Rickie, who married Charles Gust and died leaving eight children; Mary, who died at the age of nineteen years; Tine, who is the wife of Anthony Leach of Mount Clemens and has five children; and three who died in Germany before the emigration of the family to the new world. John A. Wolf, Sr., was but nine years of age when they crossed the Atlantic and settled in Macomb county, Michigan. Htis father followed farming in Clinton township for some years and both parents died in Mount Clemens. During his boyhood John A. Wolf, Sr., worked upon the home farm, assisting in the labors of field and meadow, and as opportunity offered he attended the public schools but his educational privileges were limited. He continued to aid in the operation of the home farm until the time of his marriage, when he came into possession of that tract, comprising one hundred and sixty acres in Clinton township. There he carried on general farming until 1895. He made many improvements upon the place and added all the equipments and accessories found upon a model farm, while his fields were placed under a very high state of cultivation. In 1895 he removed to Mount Clemens and built a -house at No. 404 Cass avenue. On the 30th of May, 1873, Mr. Wolf was married to Miss Wilhelmine Zabel, a daughter of Gottlieb and Wilhelnine (Schultz) Zabel, both of whom were natives of Farmwold, Germany. On emigrating to America they resided in New York state, afterward went to Michigan and subsequently removed to Minnesota, where their last days were passed, the father dying in i903 and the mother in 1904. Mr. Zabel was a tailor by trade and thus provided for his family. Of his children Mrs. Wolf is the oldest, the others being: Mary, who wedded Joseph Palmer and both died leaving four children; SMalvine, the wife of William Voelker, a resident of Minnesota; Augusta, the wife of Fred Muckenhausen, of River Falls, Wisconsin; Tine, the wife of Joseph St. Peters, whose home is near Tacoma, Washington; Lena, who is married and lives in Washington; William, who died at the age of twentyone years; Louisa, who died at the age of ten years; Albert, who married a Miss Ulrich and lives in Pittsburg; Bertha, who died at the age of eight years; and Rosa, who died at the age of five years. IUnto Mr. and Mrs. Wolf were born six children: Rosa, born March 6, 1873, was married October 31, 1896, to John Luchtnian, of Mount Clemens, and died February 26, 1902, leaving two children, Mabel and Elmer. Lena, born March 28, 1875, was married December 6, 1900, to Fred Stadlet, of Mount Clemens, and they have one child, John. Mary, born April 28, 1877, was married February 19, 1900, to Joseph Miller, of Mount Clemens, and they had one child, Eleanore, who died in 1902. Elizabeth, born April 1, 1880, was married September 7, 1904, to George Lovejoy, of Detroit. John A., Jr., born October 17, 1883, and Albert, born June 21, 1887, live with their mother in Mount Clemens, having a comfortable home at 404 Cass avenue. By a previous marriage Mr. Wolf had one son, William, who is working on the homestead farm in Clinton township. He was born March 26, 1869, and was married September 6, 1895, to Bertha Drover, by whom he has one child, Irene. Mr. Wolf was a member of the German Evangelical church of Mount Clemens, to which his widow still belongs. His political support was given to the republican party but he was never active in seeking office. While on the farm he always preferred to PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 523 give his undivided attention to his business affairs and his well directed efforts brought to him a gratifying measure of success, while his integrity in business and his unremitting energy commended him to the respect and confidence of all. CHARLES S. FERRIN. Few men are more prominent or more widely known in the enterprising city of Mount Clemens than Charles S. Ferrin. He has been an important factor in business circles and his popularity is well deserved, as in him are embraced the characteristics of an unbending integrity, unabating energy and industry that never flags. lie is now proprietor of a large hardware store and is conducting an extensive and growing business. Mr. Ferrin is a native of Fort Gratiot, Michigan, born April 15, 1868, his parents being Samuel C. and Arvilla H. (Smith) Ferrin, who were natives of New Hampshire. Both the Ferrin and Smith families came from early New England ancestry and the subject of this review is also a descendant of the celebrated Morse family of Revolutionary fame. The father came to Michigan when a young man and was engaged in railroading. He ran the first train over the Michigan Central Railway as engineer and was connected with other early events which find mention in the annals of the state. He died in 1888 at the age of sixty-six years, while his wife still survives him and resides in Mount Clemens. They were the parents of four children: Ida, the wife of G. T. Tibeao, of Detroit; Nellie, the wife of Spencer J. Dalby, of Mount Clemens; Herbert L., of Port Huron, Michigan; and Charles S. In taking up the personal history of Charles S. Ferrin, we present to our readers the record of one who has a wide and favorable acquaintance in Mount Clemens. He pursued his education in the schools of this city, completed a high-school course and afterward attended the Detroit Business College. Entering upon his business career in mercantile lines, he was for six years employed as a salesman in the hardware store of Czizek Brothers, of Mount Clemens. He afterward spent two years in New York city as salesman for the Sprudel Water Company, handling the Mount Clemens product. He was afterward for two years salesman for R. H. Ingersol of New York city. In January, 1897, he began a plumbing and heating business in partnership with A. F. Glover under the firm style of Glover & Ferrin, of Mount Clemens. On the 16th of October, 1899, they bought the general hardware business of F. W. Preussel, at No. 63 Front street, and the partnership between them was continued until Mr. Glover's death in April, 1901. Mrs. Glover retained her husband's interest in the business until Janualry, 1903, at which time the entire stock was purchased by Mr. Ferrin and he has since conducted one of the best stores of the kind in Mount Clemens. He handles a full line of shelf and heavy hardware, stoves, fishing tackle, paints, oils, plumbing, heating and gas fitting supplies, sheet iron, etc., and is conducting a successful business not only as a hardware merchant, but also as plumber and gas-fitter and in this connection he does high grade work for the leading hotels of Mount Clemens. Mr. Ferrin is a member of Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M.; Mount Clemens lodge, No. 168, K. P.; Detroit lodge, No. 34, B. P. 0. E.; and other fraternal organizations. He is a man of marked energy and determination in business affairs, possessing the typical spirit of the west that has led to the rapid development and upbuilding of this section of the country. He has numerous friends and his excellent traits of character have made him popular. WILLIAMT BLISS. William Bliss, who has for many years been a resident of Macomb county, was born in England, August 18, 1850, and in his childhood days came to the new world with his father, Jacob Bliss, one of the pioneer residents of this part of the state. His boyhood days were passed in the usual manner of farmer lads of the period and the common schools afforded him his educational privileges. He gained practical knowledge of the best methods of farming, assisting his father in the operation of the home place up to the time of his marriage. That important event in his life occurred near Ray, Michigan, January 7, 1873, the lady of his choice being Miss Mary J. Willey, who was born and reared here and who is a daughter of William Willey, one of the early settlers who came to the west from the Empire state. After their marriage they lived upon a rented farm for several years. He continued to engage in agricultural pursuits at Sara 524 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY nac for four years, owning a place there, and on selling that property he purchased where he now resides, becoming the owner of forty acres of wild land. The brush and timber upon it having been cleared away ho continued the arduous task of preparing his fields for the plow until in due course of time his labors were rewarded by rich harvests. Then came the ambition to possess a greater tract of land and by the careful husbanding of his resources and the economical management of his farming interests he was at length enabled to extend boundaries of his place until he now owIns one hundred and twenty acres. Iere he has good buildings and that he is successful as a stock-raiser is indicated by good grades of domestic animals found upon his place. His farm is neat and thrifty in appearance and indicates his careful supervision. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Bliss have been born two children, Henry 1. Burton and Wilber F. The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal church in which Mr. Bliss is serving as steward, and his political allegiance is given to the republican party. From his boyhood days he has lived in Macomb county, known to many of its citizens not only by reason of his long residence here but also because of the creditable place he has made for hinself in the business world. JOSEPH J. DOWLING. Joseph J. Dowling, a resident of Mount Clemens, who has been well known in theatrical circles for several years, was born on the 4th of September, 1850, and is a son of James and Fredericka (Edstrem) Dowling, natives of Pennsylvania and Sweden respectively. The father died in California. In the family were three children: Laura, who married a Mr. Jones and is now deceased; James, who died when about thirty-two years of age; and Joseph J., of this review. As an actor Joseph J. Dowling has met with good success and for about fourteen years had charge of three popular plays under the titles of Nobody's Claim, Never Say Die and Red Spider. He is now on the vaudeville stage, and in that line of work is also meeting with marked success. He seems especially fitted for the profession which he follows and has become quite popular. At Cambridge, Massachusetts, in May, 1882, Mr. Dowling married Mrs. Sarah J. Hassen, nee Berry, who was born in Ottawa, Canada, on the 29th of May, 1853. She first married William IHassen, by whom she had a daughter, Lottie, who was born in May, 1873, and is a graduate of the Sacred Heart Convents at Buffalo and Rochester and of St. M5ary's at Monroe, New York. For some time she sang in the choir of the Catholic church at Mount Clemens. She married Walter Dowling, a druggist of Mount Clemens and they have one son, Maurice H. Dowling. To our subject and his wife was born a son, Joseph F., whose birth occurred September 22, 1890. He attended Assumption College and is now employed at the Sherman House of Mount Clemens. CHARLES H. GATZ. Charles H. Gatz is numbered among the native sons of Macomb county, his birth having occurred in the village of Romeo on the 10th of January, 1876, his parents being William and Christine (Dittman) Gatz, both of whom were natives of Germany, where they were married. The father was born in Rossow, Germany, on the 25th of July, 1839, the son of Frederick Gatz, who was also a native of Rossow and was a farmer by occupation. He later came to America in 1869 and died in Macomb county, Michigan, in 1870, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife, Dorothy Gatz, passed away in 1854. William Gatz, our subject's father, was reared and educated in his native town an(l served for three years in the German army from the age of nineteen until twenty-two. IHe was married in Rossow to Miss Christine Dittman, a native of the same place, and before leaving Germany four children were born to them, namely: Minnie, now the, wife of Marshall Tillson of Meade, Michigan; Mary, the wife of Charles Gentz of Mount Clemens; John F. and August, also residents of Mount Clemens. In Americ, five other children were added to the family: Anna, the wife of Albert Holtz; Frank F., Charles H-., Martha, the wife of I. J. Fox, and Johanna B., all residents of Moount Clemens. It was in 1869 that William Gatz brought his wife and children to the new world, taking passage on the sailing vessel Christian, which dropped anchor in the harbor of New York after a voyage of seven WILLIAM AND JOHN F. GATZ PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 527 weeks. They proceeded at once to Detroit and onl to Mount Clemens, where they stopped for a few days, and then went to Romeo. Mr. lGat'z obtained work on a farm near that place and later operated rented land for about twelve years. He then purchased eighty acres in Lapeer county and continued to engage in agricultural pursuits until 1890, when he removed to Mount Clemens, becoming a member of the firm of J. F. Gatz & Company. HIe and his wife are still honored residents of this city. Charles H. Gatz pursued his early education in the public schools of Romeo and continued his studies in Mount Clemens. In 1892 he entered upon an apprenticeship to the tailor's trade under Henry Kunstmann, with whom he served for three years. He then went to Duluth, Minnesota, where he was employed for a short time and subsequently he located in Mount Clemens, where he began business on his own account. Here he has l)rospered from the beginning, and to-day he commllands the leading trade in his line in this city. tle attended the John J. Mitchell Company Cutting School of New York, the leading institution of the kind in the country. Mr. Gatz received his diploma July 6, 1901. lIe is to-day one of the representative business mIen of Mount Clemens, having' a large trade because of the excellence of his work, the superior line of goods which he earries and his earnest efforts to please his manly )patrosl. lie has originated a trouser clltting system and this is used in his ownT shoI. Ile is also secretary of the Artificial Stonle Comlpalny of Mount Clemens and is recognized as a man of excellent business capacity and executive force. IMr. (Gatz belongs to Mount Clemens lodge, No. 168, K. l'., of which he is one of the trustees, and Alecca temple, No. 56, D. 0. K. K. He is also a lmember of Mount Clemens camp, No. 2968, MI. W. A., and is its worthy advisor. I e belongs to the Foresters of America, and to AMount Clemens camp, No. 9, W. 0. W. Ite is true to the teachings and tenets of all these organizations, of which they have for their basis mutual helpfulness and brotherly kindness. Mr. (Gatz was married July 5, 1900, to Catherine F. Keils, a daughter of Hubbard and Anna (IIannof) Keils. The father is now deceased, but the mother is living in Mount Clemens. Mr. Gatz is one of the native sons of Malcomb county, whose life record reflects credit upon the locality in which he was reared and has always made his home. IHe has utilized his opportunities to good advantage and through the exercise of his active powers and unfaltering perseverance he has gained a creditable position in business circles in Mount Clemens. JOHN F. GATZ. John F. Gatz is one of the important factors in the business circles of Mount Clemens, being at the head of the well-known firm of J. F. Gatz & Company, wholesale and retail bakers. A native of Germany, he was born in the province of Brandenburg, Prussia, January 20, 1867, and is a son of Williamn and Christina (Iittman) Gatz. The father was born in Rossow, Germany, on the 25th of July, 1839, a son of Frederick (atz, who was also a native of Rossow and was a farmler by occupation. The latter came to America in 1869 and died in Macomib county, Michigan, in 1870, at the age of seventy-two years. Iis wife, Dorothy (Gatz, passed away in 1854. William (latz, our subject's father, was reared and educated in his native town and servedl for three years in the German army, from the age of nineteen until twenty-two. Ile was mIarried( in Rossow to Miss Christina Dittman, a native of the same place, and before leavinzg Germany four children were born to theml, nanlmely: Minnie, now the wife of 5Marshall Tillson, of Meade, Michiganl; MIary the wife of Charles Gentz, of Mount Clemens; John F., of this review: and August, also a resident of Mount Clemens. In Amlerica five other children were added to the famlily: Anna, the wife of Albert Hloltz; Frank F.; Charles HI.; Martha, the wife of I. J. Fox; and Johanna B., all residents of aIount Clemens. It was in 1869 that William (,atz brought his wife and children to the new world, taking passage on the sailing vessel Christian, which dropped anchor in the harbor of New York after a voyage of seven weeks. They proceeded at once to Detroit and on to Mount Clemens, where they stopped for a few days, and then went to Romeo. Mr. Gatz obtained work on a farm near that place and later operated rented land for about twelve years. He then purchased eighty acres in Lapeer county and continued to engage in agricultural pursuits until 1890, when he removed to Mount Clemens, becoming a member of the firm of J. F. Gatz & Company. He and his wife are still honored residents of this city. 528 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY John F. Gatz was only two years old when he accompanied his parents on their removal to this county, and to its public schools he is indebted for the educational privileges he enjoyed during boyhood. He began his business career as an agriculturist upon a farm two and a half miles north of Mount Clemens, in Chesterfield township, but at the end of a year he removed to the city in 1891 and was in the employ of the Mount Clemens Brewery for three years. He next embarked in the grocery business with John Essig, but shortly afterward he and his father purchased his partner's interest in the store, which they carried on under the firm style of J. F. Gatz & Company. In February, 1905, J. F. Gatz disposed of his interest in the grocery business and now devotes his entire attention to the wholesale and retail bakery trade. The bakery is equipped with all modern appliances known to the trade and the products turned out are first class. Mr. Gatz does not confine his attention alone to this business, but has become interested in the Mount Clemens Artificial Stone Company, which he assisted in organizing and of which he is now president. On the 20th of January, 1895, John F. Gatz was united in marriage to Miss Rena Ohrns, a daughter of the late John Ohms, of Mount Clemens. Mr. Gatz is independent in politics, but usually supports the democratic party, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity, the Woodmen of the World and the Foresters of America. As a business mnan he stands high and has the confidence and respect of all who know him. Religiously he is connected with the German Evangelical church. HON. GEORGE TOWNSEND. Hon. George Townsend, a man of affairs, wielding a wide influence in business and political circles in Macomb county, is now serving as a member of the county board of supervisors, a position which he has occupied for twenty-two consecutive years. Successive re-elections indicate in unmistakable terms his standing in public regard and also give proof of his capable and faithful service. He was born in Bruce township, September 11, 1836, and has passed his entire life in this county. The family is of English lineage and early ancestors of our subject settled in New York. His father, John Townsend, was born in Greene county, New York, about 1793, and was there reared and educated. In that state he married Miss Ann Miller, also a native of the Empire state and a daughter of Squire Miller, one of the early settlers of New York. John Townsend was a tanner and merchant of Palenville, New York, for a number of years and about 1832 he came to Michigan, where he entered fourteen hundred and forty acres of land from the government. Ile then returned to New York, but in 1834 removed with his family to Bruce township, Macomb county, where he at once began clearing his land of the native timber, preparatory to the work of cultivating the fields. He cleared and developed a large farm and became a prosperous agriculturist, continuing his farming operations up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1874. His wife survived him for a number of years, passing away in 1891. In their family were eight children who grew to mature years. Four were born in New York and three sons and a daughter are now living: Uriah, a resident of Al-ont, Michigan; George; Clark, who is living retired in Lapeer county; and Julia, the wifeashinton nr of Washington aynard of Dryden. George Townsend pursued his education in the public schools and remained with his father until he attained his majority, after which he located upon a tract of land that his father had entered from the governmentHe began with two hundred acres, which he commenced to clear and improve. He erected an attractive residence and built a substantial barn, has established waterworks and a wind-pump, and modern equipments of various kinds add to the facility with which he carries forward his agricultural interests. EHe both raises and feeds stock and he now has a herd of thirty-five head of pure blooded shorthorn cattle. IIe is well known as a breeder of and dealer in shorthorn cattle, especially of the noted Scotch breed of Cruikshank cattle. He also raises a large number of sheep and fattens lambs for the market. His business affairs are managed with system and his methodical and painstaking arrangements form a basic element of his success. Mr. Townsend was happily married, in Lapeer county, Michigan, in 1862, to Miss Charlotte A. Ballard, a native of Ashtabula. county, Ohio, and a daughter of James Ballard. She came to Michigan when a young PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 529 lady of fifteen years. They have but one child, Grace B., a young lady at home with her parents. When age conferred on Mr. Townsend the right of franchise he gave his first presidential ballot in support of Abraham Lincoln, in 1860, and has voted for each presidential nominee of the party since that time. He takes an active part in local politics and was elected and served for four years as justice of the peace. IIe was then elected supervisor and has now served for twenty-two consecutive years, while in 1904 he was chairman of the honorary county board. Ile is now serving as chairman of the county buildings committee and is also a member of other committees. His work as a member of the board has been most satisfactory to his constituents and has been marked by a support of those measures which induce a steady and substantial progress. Mr. Townsend is a member of the Almont lodge and chapter of the M\asonic fraternity, and in the craft, as in other walks of life, commands the confidence and respect of all with whom he is associated. Macomb county numbers him among her leading agriculturists and men prominent in public life. ANDREW J. SIKES. Andrew J. Sikes, who has departed this life, was born May 19, 1829, in Granville, Washington county, New York, his parents being Solomon and Betsy (Crippen) Sikes, who were also natives of Granville. His father had died in 1855 and the family was scattered. The mother died when the son was eight years of age and he remained in the place of his nativity until March 19, 1852, when at the age of twenty-three years he started for California in search of gold. IIe sailed from the city of New York, April 1, 1852, on the ship Empire, which rounded Cape Horn and reached San Francisco on the 13th of August of that year. Mr. Sikes remained on the Pacific coast until May 20, 1857, and engaged in mining throughout the entire period with the exception of about three months. On that day he left for New York by steamer. Mr. Sikes spent four weeks in New York and then decided to go west, having a brother in Romeo, Michigan. He arrived here on the 1st of August, 1857, and found a number of relatives here. He then concluded to remain and invest his money in Macomb county. After his marriage in 1858 he bought a farm of two hundred and thirtyfour acres on the western outskirts of Romeo and also purchased ten acres of timberland four miles southeast of the village. Although he was chiefly engaged in farming for many years he was also treasurer of the Macomb County Insurance Company from 1876 until 1884. He was likewise connected with the County Agricultural Society for sixteen years and in this direction did much to foster a progressive spirit among agriculturists. In the work of the church he was ever active and influential. He held membership in the First Baptist church from April, 1858, up to the time of his death and was deacon and clerk of the church from June, 1858. His first presidential ballot was cast for James Buchanan while he was in California and he took an active and helpful interest in local politics. On the 23d of November, 1858, Mr. Sikes was married in Romeo to Miss Sarah C. Crisman, a daughter of Jonas and Susan (Snover) Crisman, natives of New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Sikes became the parents of a daughter and son: Hattie II., who was born March 7, 1872, and is now the wife of Henry J. McKay, a prominent young attorney of Romeo, whom she wedded December 14, 1898; and Willie W., who was born July 20, 1860, and died June 13, 1876. The farm which Mr. Sikes owned and on which he reared his family was placed under a high state of cultivation and was very conveniently and pleasantly located. He was a man of methodical habits, systematic in all that he did and progressive in his various departments of work, so that his labors added much to the natural advantages of the farm and it became one of the attractive features of the landscape. Honorable in all that he did, respected for his excellent qualities of heart and mind, Mr. Sikes passed away November 22, 1896, loved and mourned by family and friends. FRED B. SCHOTT. Fred B. Schott, a member of the Hubarth & Schott Company of Mount Clemens, dealers in lumber, lath and shingles, is a native of Waldenburg, Michigan, his birth having there occurred on the 14th of May, 1861. His parents were John and Barbara (Schemm) Schott, and in his father's home 530 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY his boyhood days were spent. His education was acquired in attendance at a private school in Waldenburg, in which he was a student until fourteen years of age. Various business duties and interests claimed his attention in earlier life, and ambitious for success and desirous of entering upon an independent business career, he carefully hoarded his earnings until he was enabled to become financially interested in the lumber business as a partner of the firm of Hubarth & Schott on the 1st of April, 1892. Success attended the new venture and the business has had a healthful and gratifying growth. It was re-organized on the 1st of March, 1902, under the present style of the Hubarth & Schott Company. They deal in lumber, lath and shingles, are manufacturers of interior finishings, bar fixtures, counters, shelving and special fixtures, and do business as general contractors and builders. There are four partners at present, Jacob Hubarth, Fred B. Schott, Albert W. Schott and John Weber, and the firm occupies a creditable position in industrial circles and has gained an excellent reputation for reliability in all trade transactions. Mr. Schott was married, November 21, 1894, to Miss Marie Martin, of Utica, Michigan, and they now have two sons, Elmer A. and Lawrence F. Fraternally Mr. Schott is connected with the Knights of Pythias. He has never sought to figure in public life, giving undivided attention to his business affairs and following the even tenor of his way he has made consecutive and creditable progress, finding that success is ambition's answer. NICIOLAS AMEIS. Nicholas Ameis is a representative of commercial interests in Halfway, where he is dealing in implements, general harardware, vehicles, sewing machines, pianos and organs. His life record began in Detroit, July 14, 1862. Iis parents, Nicholas and Susan Ameis, were native of Brehm, Germany. The father came to Michigan in 1852, settling in Detroit, where he engaged in the plumbing business. In 1854 he formed a partnership as a member of the firm of Hubert & Ameis, when in this connection was established the Center Line Brewery Company of Detroit, which he conducted for two years, when he sold out and removed to Erin township, Macomb county. There he opened a grocery and meat market on Gratiot road, at a place then called Roseville, but now Halfway. Iis store was in the building which at present is occupied by August Rein. In 1884 he admitted his son to a partnership under the firm name of Ameis & Son, and they opened a general store with implements and saloon in connection, conducting this at Ialfway for a year, at the end of which time Mr. Amleis purchased his son's interest but made him manager. The father soon afterward departed this life. Ite had been actively connected with varied business interests which contributed to general progress and commercial upbuilding as well as to his individual success. He was quite active in school work, deeply interested in the cause of education, and was also a nmember of Assumption church of Grosse Pointe township, in which he served as trustee. IHis political support was given to the democratic party and he served as assessor of district No. 2, Erin township, for many years. Ile departed this life in October, 1885, leaving a widow, three sons and four daughters, and six of the children are yet living, namely: Mrs. Stephen Meyer, of Detroit; Mrs. Elizabeth Troimbley, of Warren township; Mrs. Michael O'Lary, of Reice, Michigan; Nicholas, of this review; Anthony, of Mount Clemens, and Catherine A. Nicholas Ameis was a student in the district schools in his early boyhood days and later he pursued a course of instruction in a night school at St. Paul, Minnesota. At the ace of eighteen years he entered upon his business career by establishing a meat market at Armada. in partnership with Max Broeg and in this he continued for one year, after which he sold out and went to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he spent the succeeding year. Upon his return to Erin township, Macomb county, he opened a genieral mercantile store with a ineat market and saloon in connection, at the junction of Gratiot road and Utica Junction. The father and son purchased the Gaukler estate, including the stock of merchandise at Halfway, then removed the Junction stock to the village and the partnership with his father was maitntained for a year, when the son sold his interest to his father, who then imade him manager. Not long afterward the father died and the stock was then divided, Nicholas Armeis purchasing the implement and saloon business, which he conducted for three years when he sold the saloon and removed his stock of implements to the new store on the east side of the road. Ie has since extended the field of his activity by adding a large stock of gen PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 531 eral hardware and stoves, vehicles, sewing machines, pianos and organs. Through his energetic efforts and careful management he has enlarged his business until he has found it necessary to rebuild in order to make room for his fast growing stock and meet the demands of a constantly increasing trade. He now has six thousand square feet of floor space devoted to implements, three thousand square feet to hardware, twenty-five hundred square feet to vehicles and fifteen hundred square feet to organs, pianos, sewing machines and stoves. The building is lighted throughout by acetyline gas, has telephone connections, all niodern equipments and is situated on the line of the Rapid Railway. This is one of the largest implement houses in the state and one of the most extensive department stores of the county. It is the result of twenty-three years of earnest and persistent business activity and is a monument to the useful life of its owner. On the 21st of January, 1884, IMr. Ameis was married to Miss Mary Girardy, a daughter of Joseph Girardy, of Halfway, and their children are: Katherine, who is acting as bookkeeper for her father; May, Rosa, Stella. Sylvia and Beatrice, all at home. Mr. Ameis always gives his political allegiance to the democratic party and has served as township clerk for four years, as supervisor for three years, as school treasurer of district No. 2 in Erin township for about seventeen years and at present is a member of the board of directors. ITe belongs to Assumption church in (Irosse Pointe township, of which he has been trustee for two years, and he is also a member of St. Joseph Society. Fraternally he is connected with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 2968, M. W. A.; Royal Neighbors camp, No. 257; Mount Clemens Branch, No. 20, of the Catholic Mlutual Benefit Association, and Elks lodge, No. 34, of Detroit. The field of business is limitless, its prizes are many, and realizing this Mr. Ameis determining to win success through close application and unremitting diligence, hais gained a place among the leading representatives of commercialism in Macomb county. JOIHN FITRTON. John Furton is a representative of one of the oldest families of Michigan. His grandfather was a native of France and was one of the first settlers of Detroit. In that city his son, Francis Furton, was born in 1788. The latter was reared in Detroit and was married first to Susan Shnay, a native of France. Mr. Furton followed the occupation of farming, becoming a resident of Wayne county and later he removed to Macomb county in 1844. He secured a tract of land of eighty acres in Macomb township. It was in its primitive condition, not a stick of timber having been cut or a furrow turned, but he at once cleared away the native forest trees and in due course of time plowed the land, planted his crops and reaped good harvests. He reared his family upon that place and mnade it his home throughout his remaining days, passing away in 1860. In the meantime he lost his first wife and later married again, his second wife surviving him for a few years. John Furton, son of Francis and Susan (Shnay) Furton, is the youngest of a family of four children and was born in Wayne county, Michigan, December 4, 1825. Two of the family are yet living, the sister being Mrs. Mary Barbour, of Detroit. John Furton was reared in Michigan and was a young man of about nineteen years when the family came to Macomb county. His education, however, was largely acquired in Mount Clemens. He assisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm here and remained with his father on the old homestead until twenty-eight years of age when he purchased a place of eighty acres which he improved, making a substantial home there. As a companion and helpmate for life's jouriey he chose Miss Melissa Newcomb, who was born and reared in New York. Their marriage was celebrated in M'acomb county and for thirty-four years they traveled life's journey together, but in 1888 were separated by the death of the wife. There were two children by this marriage: Ella, the wife of David F. Jones of.Meade; and Junietta, who married Frank Stewart and died about 1886. After losing his first wife Mr. Furton was married in this county about 1889 to Miss Helen Cotton, who died in 1902. In October, 1903, he wedded Louisa Bloss, a widow, who was born in Wayne county, New York, and is a daughter of John A. Fries, a native of the Empire state, who reared his family there, coming west to Michigan in 1861. He then located in Mount Clemens, where he spent his last years. Politically Mr. Furton is a stanch republican but has never been an office seeker. He and his wife are identified with the Methodist Episcopal church of which he has been a member for fifty-one years. He is one of 532 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the oldest living of the native sons of Michigan and his ancestral history is one of close and intimate connection with the events which form the early history of the state. IHe has long been accounted one of the substantial farmers of Macomb county, but has now laid aside the more arduous cares of the agriculturist and is living retired in the village of Meade, where he has a good home and where he is enjoying a well earned rest. WILLIAM C. DONNER. William C. Donner, who for fifty-three years has been a resident of Macomb county and now makes his home in Mount Clemens, was born in Prussia, Germany, on the 20th of March, 1831. His father, Frederick Donner, spent his entire life in that country. The mother bore the maiden name of Charlotte Ilammlen and was also a native of Germany. This worthy couple became the parents of fifteen children, but only William C. of this review is now living, although three others came to America, where they died. Fredericka married August Schrader, who was a laborer of Romeo and who in his political affiliation was a democrat, while in religious faith they were connected with the German Lutheran church. They left three children. John Donner married Yetta Gooden and they had three children, Mary, Minnie and Fred. John Donner was a farmer and he too, voted with the democracy and held membership in the German Lutheran church. Fred Donner, who also became a resident of the new world and is now deceased, married Gerta Holtz and they had three daughters, Minnie, Emma and Annie. He followed farming at New Haven in Lenox township and died in the year 1899, his remains being interred in the New Haven cemetery. He, too, supported the principles of the democracy, while his religious faith was that of the German Lutheran church. William C. Donner spent the days of his boyhood and youth in his native land and was twenty-one years of age when in 1852 he came to the United States. Making his way to Michigan, he secured employment by the month near Romeo, and for nine years he remained in the service of Mr. Bailey, who was the first settler of that locality. At the time of the Civil war he espoused the cause of his adopted country and enlisted as a defender of the Union, becoming a member of the Ninth Michigan Infantry. On one occasion he was kicked by a horse and the broken leg that resulted caused him to remain in the hospital for six months, at the end of which time he was discharged from the service. In 1864 Mr. Donner was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Hortney, who was of French descent and whose father served in the French and German war. Following his marriage Mr. Donner engaged in operating a farm in Ma comb township on the shares for three years and on the expiration of that period he engaged in the cultivation of a farm in Ray township for three years. With the capital he thus acquired through his own labors and perseverance he purchased a tract of land of one hundred and six and a half acres in Chesterfield township. This was all wild and uncultivated, not a furrow having been turned nor an improvement made, but he soon cleared the land and made many substantial improvements, including the erection of a brick house and frame barn. lie also set out an orchard and built rail fences and later he replaced these by wire fences. HIis farm was purchased in 1876, and he resided thereon continuously until 1892, when he removed to Mount Clemens, where he purchased a house and two lots and is now living retired. In his farming operations he was quite successful, having a tract of land which he placed under a high state of cultivation and which therefore returned him an excellent income, and which in due course of time has supplied him with a competence that now enables him to live a retired life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Donner were born the following children: Emma, the eldest, died at the age of five years. Ienry, born January 27, 1864, became a fireman on a boat and died in a hospital at Duluth, Minnesota, when thirty-one years of age. Louis married Carrie Bacon and has two children, Effie and Roy. He lives in Mount Clemens where he is employed as motorman on a street car. In politics he is a democrat and in religious faith is connected with the German Lutheran church. Frank Donner, whose political and religious relations are the same as his brother, is now a teamster in the employ of Donaldson Brothers of Mount Clemens. He married Kate Parker and has one son, Frank Donner, Jr. Hattie is the wife of William Turceny, a barber of Mount Clemens. He belongs to the Woodmen lodge and votes with the democracy. Ida is the wife of Adam Reichrath, who was at one PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 533 time an engineer on the lake and afterward conducted a saloon. He died soon after his marriage. Jennie, who is engaged in dressmaking, also acts as her father's housekeeper. It was in 1903 that Mlr. Donner was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed away in that year and was laid to rest in the Clinton Grove cemetery. For thirteen years he has lived retired in Mount Clemens, his home being at 24 Gallup avennue. There he resides quietly, enjoying the fruits of his former toil. He is a democrat in his political views and has long held membership with the German Lutheran church. During a residence of fifty-three years in the county he has witnessed many changes here and has seen the development of Mount Clemens from a small town into a thriving city. TIOMAS FANNING. Thomas Fanning, whose name in connection with important business interests has become well known in Michigan and in city markets, is now a wholesale dealer in eggs -a member of the firm of Weter, Fanning & Company, of Richmond. A native of the Empire state, he was born at Sumner Hill, Cayuga county, New York, September 11, 1852, and is a son of Patrick and Bridget (Walpole) Fanning, both of whom were natives of Ireland, whence they emigrated to America settling in Cayuga county, New York, and afterward removing to Groton, that state, where the father spent his boyhood days. Iie responded to President Lincoln's first call for troops and afterward enlisted, serving throughout the entire war and taking part in many hard fought engagements. IIe was honorably discharged at the close of hostilities and returned to his home with a most creditable military record. Thomas Fanning, the second in order of birth in a family of six children, spent his early boyhood days in Groton, New York, but left home in his youth in order to provide for his own support. In April, 1879, he arrived in Richmond, where he began work for Harop Freeman as foreman of the egg business. He continued in that capacity for six years, having previously had experience in the same line in New York before his removal to the west. At the time of his arrival in Richmond Mr. Freeman had but one cellar as a warehouse and most of the eggs were pickled. Later in connection with James E. Weter and Martin Keeler he purchased Mr. Freeman's business and they continued together under the firm style of Weter, Fanning & Company. This firm has since represented the egg trade in Richniond and this part of the state. The business has been very largely increased. They have a main warehouse, fifty by eighty feet, two stories in height and basement, built of brick. The shook room is thirty-eight by seventy feet and that building is also two stories with basement. The storage warehouse of the same height is thirty by one hundred feet. These buildings were contained in the original plant and the company has since added a storage room, built of brick, two stories with basement, fifty by one hundred and ten feet. They also have stable room for twelve horses and twelve wagons which are used in collecting the eggs and they have handled as high as one million dozen eggs in a season. At the beginning they handled only about thirty-three thousand dozen, but their business has steadily increased until it has reached the present extensive figure. They make shipments largely to New York. The firm continued pickling eggs until 1902, but now all are shipped fresh from the refrigerators by means of refrigerator cars and most of the output is sent to New York. On the 4th of May, 1887, Mr. Fanning was married to Mrs. Arabell Freeman, the widow of his former employer, Harop Freeman, and the sister of his partner, James Weter. They have one child, Rena Bell. The family home is a nice modern residence situated opposite their plant. The history of no citizen of Richmond is perhaps a better representative of a self-made man than that of Mr. Fanning. All that he has today has been acquired through his own efforts and his great success should furnish both a lesson and incentive to the young, while his life is an example also of genuine worth and unswerving integrity. GEORGE L. FRIDHOFF. George L. Fridhoff, who is leading an industrious life as an active and enterprising farmer on section 2, Warren township, was born April 18, 1854, in Erin township, his parents being John and Ann (Feurnstein) Fridhoff, both of whom were natives of Bavaria, Germany. The father was born on 534 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Christmas day, 1813, and was in his thirtyfifth year when, in 1848, he crossed the Atlantic to America and made his way into the interior of the country, settling in Erin township, Macomb county, Michigan, near Halfway. He purchased an unimproved tract of land which he developed into a good farm, working earnestly and persistently day after day until 1864, when he sold that property and removed to Warren township, buying the old farm homestead, upon which his son George yet resides. H-ere he had again to battle with the difficulties and obstacles incident to the development of a new farm, but he made improvements and carried on his work until his labors were rewarded. While living in Erin township lie was a devoted member of the Assumption church and following his removal to Warren he became a member of St. Clemens church at Center Line. He died July 4, 1897, leaving a widow and three children: John J., of Portland, Oregon; George L.; and Andrew, who is also a resident of Portland. Mrs. Fridhoff passed away on the 13th of May, 1904. George L. Fridhoff pursued his education in the district schools and in his youth became familiar with all the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He gave his father the benefit of his services until 1881, when he went into the lumber woods of the northern peninsula, where he continued for a year. He afterward went to Minnesota, where he engaged in farming and in carpentering and in 1883 he returned to the old farm homestead in Warren township and took charge of the farm upon which he has since lived. While there have been no exciting chapters in his life record he is regarded by friends and neighbors as a mIan of good business qualifications and thoroughly reliable. -He has made many improvements in his buildings, also in tiling and fencing the land and he is now a prosperous general farmer. On the 26th of November, 1889, Mr. Fridhoff was married to Miss Mary A. Callahan, a dauglhter of Patrick C. and Mary (Phalen) Callahan, of Erin township, both of whom were natives of Ireland, whence they came to Macomb county in 1846, settling in Erin township, where they lived for many years. The mother passed away October 20, 1881, and in 1886 Mr. Callahan retired from active work and removed to Detroit, where he passed away October 19, 1902. In his family were four children: Richard, of De troit; Patrick F., of Birmingham, Michigan; Rose, who is living in Detroit; and Mrs. Fridhoff. Unto our subject and his wife have been born five children, Stella M., Rosa A., George A., Vincent I. and Irene Margaret, all at homle. Mrs. Fridhoff is a member of St. Mary's Aid Society of St. Clemens church. The famnily is well known in their home locality and Mr. and Mrs. Fridhoff enjoy the friendly regard of many with whom they have been associated. FRANK P. GERLACIH. Frank P. Gerlach, one of the enterprising young business man of Halfway, was born in Erin township in June, 1874, his parents being Frederick and Katherine (Ulrich) Gerlach, who were natives of Germany. His paternal grandfather, Christian Gerlach, came to Macomb county in 1834 and settled in Erin township on the Gratiot road, where he entered land from the governmnent, the deeds of which were signed by Andrew Jackson, then president of the United States. After clearing his land in order to make a home, he started a general store and also followed the trade of carpentering. He also built a brewery on the farm, which he conducted for a number of years. He was a well educated man and took an active part in the development of his community along social and industrial lines. He possessed considerable oratorical ability and was frequently called upon to deliver addresses at public gatherings. le established in his home a German school, which he conducted for a number of years and so persistent was his activity and so useful and helpful his services that his death proved a great loss to the community and was the occasion of deep regret wherever he was known. Frederick Gerlach, his son, was born in Germany in 1829, and was therefore five years of age when brought by his parents to Macomb county in 1834. While still living with his father he took the initial step toward having a home of his own by purchasing ten acres of land that is now included within the homestead property of Frank Gerlach. When he was married he settled on that place and he extended its boundaries from time to time by additional purchase until he was the owner of one hundred acres. Later he sold eighteen acres of this, leaving eighty-two acres upon which his son Frank is still living. Upon this farm was PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 35 situated the first hotel on the (Gratiot road l)etween Detroit and Mount Clemens. This was for many years a landmark in those early days at the time when the pioneer settlers would drive from MaIrine City and intervening points to Detroit, the hotel being( one of their stopping places and there were often thirty or forty teams put up there over nlight. Ir. (lerlach devoted his attention to the farm and the raising of cattle and also bought and sold stock. His blisiness interests were well directed and brought to himn a good financial return. He was a great lover of outdoor sports, partieularly of hunting, and among those who were lovers of that life lie was regarded as one of the best shots in this part of the country. IIis record for one day's hunt was four deer: seven inl two days; and in the fall of 1864 hung lup thirty in twenty-one days, which lie disposed of in Detroit at sixteen cents per pound, netting him two hundred and sixty-four dollars. After the gamle had disappeared from Mlacomb county hle always spent from three to four weeks hunting in the upper peninsula, usallly accompanlied by one of his sons or some friends. Hlis last hunting trip was made in November previous to his death, when he was seventyfour years of age, and hle had the satisfaction of returning with three deer. lIe died in 1903 and his wid(ow is still living with their son Frank. lie was known through the county as a reliable andl honest, fairdealilngl mlan. Ile has left a record of which his children are proud, laid his dleath was mo(urned by hundreds, who showed their feelings by attendin the funeral. Inl the district schools Frlank (Gerlach began his education, which he continued in the I)etro(it Business TiIiversity, being gradluated therefroml in 1893. Ee remained with his father, assisting himll il his farmlling and stock-raising. interests until 1898, when he went to lMount Clemens to accept a position as bookkeeper for J. R. Tlatzenbuhler. Two years later lhe resigned, intending to go west, but at the request of his father lie retlrned to the home farll and asielldl its Inlali-gement. Although lie has al ays followedl g'eneral farniing he has concentrated his efforts more and more largely upon the cultivation of raslpberries, having now seven acres planted to that fruit, the product of which finds a ready sale upon tlhe larket. In the near future he expects to devote all; of his time to this industry, \which requires mueh study and attention in order to bring the fruit to perfection. He certainly produces a high grade of raspberries and the business is bringing him a very gratifying profit. Mr. Gerlach is a member of the Modern Woodmen camp of Mount Clemens. He was mlarried in May, 1903, to Miss Lillian Kihen, a daughter of Williamn Kihen, of Lenox, and they have one child, Wauneta. Mr. Gerlach is a wide awake, progressive young man with good business perceptions and already has nmade for himself a creditable position as a representative of agricultural and horticultural interests in his native county. CALHOUIN TUCKER. Calhoun Tucker, of Mount Clemens, is a representative of one of the old families of Michigan, his paternal grandfather, Charles Tucker, having come to this state in the period of its early pioneer development. He was a native of Virginia. Coming to the west he cast his lot with the pioneer settlers of MIacoinb county when Michigan was largely unexplored and undeveloped. He became the owner of four thousand four hundred and thirty acres which he purchased froml the Indians. lIe gave to each of his seven sons six hundred and forty acres of land, on which they all settled exceplt the eldest son, Henry, who resided a part of the time in Canada. Charles Tucker, Sr., acted as interpreter for the Indians dulring his early settlement in Macomb county. tIe became very familiar with their language and here translated their speeches into English when there was an occasion for a illeeting between the white and red races. Ile nlarried a Miss Chambers, by whom he had the following children: Henry, Mary, Sarah, William, Edward, John, Jacob, Charles and Nancy. Of this number Charles Tucker is the father of our subject. He was born June 3, 1789, at River Huron, now Mount Clemens. Reared amid pioneer surroundings he took an active and helpful interest in the development of this portion of the state. lie was given six hundred and forty acres of land by his father and for mnany years he followed farming, being one of the leadinig pioneer farmers of the state. The residents of Macomb county at that time owned slaves and Charles Tucker had fifteen bondsmen, whose services were utilized in the de 536 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY velopment and cutivation of his farm. At the time of the war of 1812 he was captured and sent as a prisoner of war to Detroit, where he was incarcerated for sixty days, being there at the time of General Hull's surrender. He married Miss Catherine Evans, who was born in Canada, February 13, 1816, and they became the parents of fourteen children, all natives of Michigan, namely: Richard, born February 9, 1817; Eliza, born June 23, 1818; Amanda, born March 13, 1820; James, born July 17, 1822; Adelia, born July 4, 1824; Alexander, born February 28, 1826; Lafayette, born May 15, 1828; M1alvina, born December 15, 1829; Calhoun, born September 7, 1832; Louise, born September 5, 1834; Joseph, born March 23, 1838; Helen, born August 13, 1840; Franklin, born March 3, 1842; and Allyron, born March 22, 1844. Calhoun Tucker is indebted to the district school system of Harrison township, Macomb county, for the educational privileges he enjoyed. He was born in that township September 7, 1832, and when not engaged with the duties of the schoolroom he worked upon his father's farm, assisting him materially until twenty-one years of age. He then started out in life on his own account and for sixteen years sailed on the Great Lakes. He afterward learned the trade of carpentering in Mount Clemens, and worked in a shipyard as builder and joiner, being employed in that manner for a quarter of a century. During thirteen years of this time he occupied a good position in the Bulacks shipyard at Mount Clemens, and in 1890 he retired from active business life. He has, however, since rebuilt the steam barge, Atlantas, for John Snook and has also built a steam launch for himself. He has a most thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the ship-builder's trade and his excellent workmanship, thorough understanding and unremitting diligence secured him positions of responsibility that also brought him a good financial return. In 1853 Mr. Tucker was united in marriage to Miss Mary Lenox, who was born at Port Sarnia, Michigan. They became the parents of four children: William, who was a carpenter of Mount Clemens, died in 1890. He voted with the republican party and was a member of the Presbyterian church. Leonia married Catherine Hague, of Cleveland, Ohio, and was engineer on a steamer for many years, but in connection with his brother Harry is now the owner of a naphtha launch and takes fishing parties to Lake St. Clair. In his political views he is a republican. Ella died at the age of sixteen years. Harry is captain of the launch, the Lulu, which he owns in connection with his brother. He married Catherine Lemp, who was born in Waterloo county, Canada, November 13, 1874. He is a republican. In 1903 Mr. Tucker was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who died on the 1st of February of that year and was interred in the Clinton Grove cemetery. In politics he is a republican but has never been an office seeker, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business interests. He is well known as a representative of the industrial life of Mount Clemens, and his efforts have been so capably directed that he is regarded as a competent as well as reliable business man,'who has ever enjoyed the confidence of those whom he served and with whom he has come in contact. JAMES CRAWFORD. James Crawford, son of Robert Crawford, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, June 24, 1827, and emigrated to America in May, 1831, and being the youngest of four sons always lived with his father and shared with him the hardships and pleasures of a pioneer life, and helped his father build a home in the wilderness. He has seen the home of the bear, the deer and the wolf changed into fine farms with fine stock of all kinds on them. He helped to clear the first piece of land for wheat and has lived continuously in the same home for seventy-one years. He has seen the winding sled track through the woods changed to a straight graveled road. He has been a successful breeder of fancy cattle and has been a veteran breeder of fine wool sheep. He commenced to improve and breed between fifty and sixty years ago, and the descendants of those sheep are on the farm at the present time. He bred for density, length of stable and fineness, and he succeeded in all of them and doubled the weight of fleece and the buyers allowed that there was more delane wool than any flock that they came across. Mr. Crawford was married June 28, 1856, to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Morton) Borland, of Ayrshire, Scotland, and had three children: Robert J., born September 1, 1857; Thomas B., born PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 537 December 10, 1858; and Annie E., born April 28, 1862, who died February 15, 1876. Mr. Crawford is a republican, a Free Mason and a Congregationalist. ROBERT CRAWFORD. Robert Crawford was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, August 4, 1796. With his wife and family he left his native land to come to this country in the year 1831, and calculated when he left Scotland to go directly to the Scotch settlement east of Almont, but when he got as far as Buffalo he stopped there and thought that he would earn some more money before he went into the woods. After he had been there about six months he found that the cholera was very bad all around where he lived. Mrs. Crawford fretted a great deal night and day for fear that some of the family would take the cholera. She was the only one that took it and she only lived twelve hours after she took it. Mr. Crawford was left with a family of seven small children among strangers. He lived in Buffalo about twelve months after his wife died. After he had made up his mind to go on with his journey to the Scotch settlement in Michigan, he took passage on the old steamboat Superior for Detroit. On arriving there he rented a room and put his family and goods into it, and then went on foot to the settlement to get a team to take his goods and family to Romeo. There were no plank roads, railroads or electric cars running out from Detroit in those days. He got Captain Chamberlin to go and fetch his family and things to Romeo. He rented a farm about a mile northwest of Romeo from Mr. Chamberlin and lived on it one year and then moved to Armada. He bought the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 17 at government price and the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 17, and afterward added more land so that the farm consisted of two hundred and sixty acres. He then put up his log house which was the fashion in those days and commenced to enjoy the hardships of pioneer life. Mr. Crawford cleared a large farm for himself and chopped over one hundred acres for his neighbors. Mr. Crawford with his two sons, Alexander and James, kept their own house for twelve years. They washed, baked and made butter. He sometimes went to Detroit with an ox-team and it used to take a week to make the trip. He would take a load of farm produce and bring back supplies, such as groceries, salt, etc. All supplies that pioneers needed were dear, and farm labor and produce were cheap and money was scarce. Mr. Crawford lived until he was past ninety years, and was always cheerful and apparently happy, struggled through difficulties and hardships, bore up under trials to a remarkable degree and lived to an old age, passing away peacefully in a few days after his time had come. C. E. LOCKWOOD. C. E. Lockwood, who resides on section 32, Washington township, is a representative of the stock-raising interests of Macomb county. He was born on the farm where he now resides, December 14, 1855, and is a son of Timothy Lockwood, whose birth occurred in Genesee county, New York, on the 19th of November, 1817. His paternal grandfather was Jerome Lockwood, a son of Captain Timothy Lockwood, who was of Scotch ancestry and served with distinction as an officer in the Revolutionary war. Jerome Lockwood came to Michigan in 1819 and was joined by his father in 1822. He cleared and opened up a farm in Macomb county, upon which his son Timothy grew to manhood. Here the latter was married to Miss Mabel Ewell, also a native of New York and a daughter of Peleg Ewell, who was one of the pioneers of this county, becoming a prominent farmer and large landowner having fourteen hundred acres of land. Timothy Lockwood located on the farm where his son C. E. now resides and for many years he was engaged in the improvement and cultivation of this place. After a useful and well spent life he died on the 13th of November, 1889, and his wife, who survived him for a few years, passed away in 1893. They were the parents of five children, namely: Murray, who married and followed farming in Washington township until his death; Thomas J., a farmer of Portland, Ionia county, Michigan; Flora G., the wife of Clark Miller, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this volume; C. E., of this review, and Clara I., the deceased wife of Frank Hazleton. In the common schools of this county C. E. Lockwood acquired his education and he early gained a practical knowledge of the duties which fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He remained at home and at the age of twenty 538 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY years took charge of the farm, buying it a few years later. He has made many good improvements upon the place, including the erection of a barn and other outbuildings and throughout his active business life has successfully carried on farming and stock-raising. For some years his specialty was breeding and dealing in imported heavy draft horses and he now gives particular attention to fine pure blooded Von Homeyer Ranboulette sheep, being president of the Von Homeyer Ramboulette Club. He has won many prizes on his sheep at both county and state fairs and his opinions are regarded as authority on raising those animals. For several years Mr. Lockwood has also acted as agent for land fertilizer, traveling throughout this state. He was instrumental in organizing the Washington Farmers Club and was president of that association for a number of years. On the 2d of October, 1878, in Macomb county, Mr. Lockwood was united in marriage to Miss Ida Davis, a daughter of Homer Davis, who is represented on another page of this work. She was born, reared and educated in this county and has become the mother of three children: Flora, wife of D. T. Smith, who is now operating the Lockwood farm; Mildred M., who is a graduate of the State Normal School at Ypsilanti and is now a teacher in the Utica high school; and Cyrus Bruce, who is a student in the Washington school. Politically Mr. Lockwood affiliates with the republican party and being a believer in good schools and competent teachers he has efficiently served on the school board in his district for a number of years. He is a Mason, belonging to the blue lodge at Davis and the chapter and commandery at Romeo. FRANK S. FORSTER. Frank S. Forster is an architect of Mount Clemens, who is well equipped for his profession by thorough preparation and practical experience. He was born in Lansing, Michigan, January 3, 1880, and comes of English lineage, his ancestors having emigrated from England to the new world during the colonial epoch in our country's history. His father, Thomas H. Forster, was a native of Mount Clemens and was united in marriage to Estella Brehler, whose birth occurred in Berlin, Ontario, and who died in 1894. They were the parents of three children: Frank S., Grace M., and Burton H., but the last named died in 1902, at the age of eight years. Frank S. Forster is indebted to the public schools of Mount Clemens for the early educational privileges he enjoyed. He passed through successive grades there until he had completed the high school course by graduation in the class of 1899. He next entered Cornell University, where he pursued a full course in architecture and was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1903. He was afterward employed by various architects in Detroit and at Sault Sainte Marie, in former places being an employe of Stratton & Baldwin, Albert Kahn, George Nunn and A. W. Chittenden. He opened his office in Mount Clemens, February 1, 1904, and has here devoted his attention largely to residence work. He has been employed in making plans for a number of the fine homes of Mount Clemens and other cities of this state and he also prepared the plans for a beautiful country home, near Nashville, Tennessee. He is a leading representative of his profession and has entered a career which gives every promise of becoming a very successful one. Fraternally he is connected with Mount Clemens lodge, No. 6, A. F. & A. M., and also belongs to the M1ount Clemens Club. He is popular in social circles and already has become widely known in Mount Clemens although the period of his residence here is of comparatively brief duration. F. HAROLD HAYWARD. F. Iarold Hayward was born in Romeo, Macomb county, Michigan, June 30, 1867, and is the son of Drs. Abner and Alice J. Iayward, mentioned elsewhere in this work. As an artist his name and paintings are becoming familiar throughout both Europe and America. His early education was acquired in the public schools of Mount Clemens. He exhibited artistic talent when a child and when seventeen years old became a student of art in the studio of W. B. Conley, of Detroit. Mr. Hayward, being a close student of Nature, continued his out-of-door work. studying Nature carefully in her varied aspects. Ile loved Nature best at morning and evening, striving ever for the soft atmospheric effects of these hours. Ile became a student in the Art Institute of Chicago in 1889 under John Vanderpool and Oliver De PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 539 witt Grover. In the fall of 1892 he resumed his work in this institute under Vanderpool and Freer. After remaining here for some time he returned to Mount Clemens and there reopened his studio. Yielding to the attractions of Niagara he spent much time sketching there, and later developed some of his most important works from these sketches. In the spring of 1896 he accepted an invitation fron "'the old boys"' who yearly niiograte to northern Michigan "deer hunting,"' and while the "boys," Judge Eldredge, John (Garvin, Lemuel Sackett, James Brennan and Wallace Babcock, hunted deer, Hayward hunted for sketches. Ile brought back as many characteristic views as "the boys" did deer. One of his most famouss "hunting scenes" is from a sketch secured at this time with two of the "boys" as model hunters. One of his favorite models is a hermit fisherlnan of the lakes familiarly known as "Old Brooks. " This interesting character has lived alone on the shores of Lake St. Clair during the past forty years. lie has been a frequent model for the artist, and the paintings of the "Old Fisherman'" are widely known. In 1898 MIr. Iayward went abroad for the purpose of pursuing his studies in art. Ile remained a student in Paris for three years and then became the pupil of Jean laul Laurens, Benjamin Constant and James McNeil Whistler. Whistler was at this time one of the greatest living artists, and the opportunity of studying with him was a privilege of a lifetinme. The influence of his association with Whistler and its effect upon his work will never be effaced. While in Paris he developed frolm his Niagara sketches four inportant canvasses which attracted much attention, bringing hin prominently before the public and creating universal admiration. Two of these paintings were on exhibition at the Paris Exposition in 1900; one at the Royal Academly in London; and one at the PanAmerican Exhibition at Buffalo, New York. His work, while in France, led him into Italy, Germiany a-nd Switzerland, where lie secured mlany valuable sketches a(nd studied the works of the old masters in all the noted galleries of these countries. Ile also studied in England and Scotland. While in Europe Mr. Hayward came in touch with the greatest living mlasters of the day and the artistic world, being a member of the important art clubs and art circles. IIe is represented in lmany choice collections in both Europe and America. lie has also done fine illustrating. Besides several poems his masterpiece in this line is the painting known as "The Evening of Life," done for the Walter E. Dewey Company of Philadelphia. Mr. Hayward is recognized to-day as an artist of wide experience, enjoying a reputation as a figure and landscape painter of highest merit. As a colorist he ranks among the first. The force and truthfulness of his characters, the stories told by his brush, with delicacy and refinement, the soft atmospheric effects of his landscapes, place him among the recognized artists of his day. Mr. Hayward was married July 12, 1898, to Miss Olive Belle Hull, daughter of Sylvanus E. and Isabelle Hull of Albion, Michigan. Mirs. Iayward is a graduate of Albion College, receiving the degree of B. S. She has published some works of high merit. During their stay in Europe she continued her studies, mostly along the line of sociology. She also improved the great advantage of studying art along with her husband in his chosen profession. Mrs. Iayward is in full sympathy with her husband 's work and is one of his best art critics. They are the parents of two children, Olive Belle and Alice Louise. They expect soon to locate permanentlv abroad. JOHN L. STARKWEATHER. John L. Starkweather, for a long time one of the prominent attorneys at Romeo, is the son of James and Roxana Leslie Starkweather, born in Bruce township, October 4, 1844. His father, James S. Starkweather, was the son of a revolutionary soldier and was of Scotch and English descent. He was born in Connecticut, October 25, 1801. In 1825 he located one hundred and sixty acres near the Itoxie settlement (Romeo) in Bruce, where he lived the remainder of his life. He married September 6, 1827, to Roxana Leslie, of New York state, of the Leslie family, also early settlers of Bruce. James Starkweather died at Romeo, February 10, 1873. John L. Starkweather, after working on the parental farm and obtaining a common-school education in the schools of Romeo, took a course of study at Eastman's Commercial College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and later (1868 -70) took the law course at the Michigan University at Ann Arbor. From 1866 to 1868 he was engaged in mercantile business in Romeo, at which place he opened a law office after completing his course in the legal college in 1870. IIe was admitted to the bar at 540 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the Washtenaw circuit, March 23, 1869, and to practice in the United States courts at Washington in the following November. He has been in active practice of his profession ever since the opening of his Office at Romeo and has enjoyed a large and remunerative practice, his specialties being patents and pensions. He has always been very active in the temperance cause and is a member of a large number of the fraternal organizations, some of which have honored him with elections to high and responsible positions. June 14, 1871, he married Laura E. Spencer, of Armada, and of the four children born to them three are still living: Weed T., also an active member of MIacomb county's bar; Bruce R.; and Clara L. The musical talents of the daughter are marked and have been carefully educated. SILAS B. SPIER. Silas B. Spier, son of Samuel and Hannah J. (Patton) Spier, was born in Ontario county, New York, January 8, 1854; came with his parents in 1860 to Kalamazoo county, Michigan, where he obtained his commonschool education; after one year at the Agricultural College at Lansing, he attended Olivet College, where he graduated in 1876. His father, having died in 1875, and his mother coming to Mount Clemens to care for her aged father, John Patton, who had then become blind, the subject of this sketch came to Mount Clemens and entered the office of Arthur L. Canfield, afterwards circuit judge. He was admitted to practice in May, 1877, and since that time has been actively engaged in the pursuit of his profession at Macomb's county seat. On January 1, 1883, the firm of Eldredge & Spier was formed, which continued until the elevation of its senior member to the circuit bench, January 1, 1894. In 1896, Mr. Spier was elected judge of probate, which office he filled for four years. May 27, 1880, he was married to Julia L., daughter of James B. and Helen D. Eldredge. Their children are Helen J., born 1881; Margaret, born 1889; and James E., born in 1897. JUDGE DEWITT C. WALKER. Judge DeWitt C. Walker was born in Clarendon, Vermont, in 1812. After graduating at Middlebury College at the head of his class he entered the Yale Law School and studied law under DeWitt Daggett and Judge Daggett, graduating from the Yale school in 1836. He came to Romeo, Macomb county, and continued there in the practice of law for twenty years and in the meantime serving Macomb county as its prosecuting attorney for two years. He was afterwards elected state representative and later state senator: re-elected to the house again in 1844 and 1846; and in 1845 chosen as one of the regents of the State University. He was also a member of the constitutional convention of 1850 that framed the present constitution of Michigan. In 1857, Judge Walker laid out and platted the town of Capac in St. Clair county and thereafter St. Clair county received the benefit of his residence and able services. He was elected judge of probate of St. Clair county and served in that capacity for four years. Judge Walker was one of the representative men of the times, possessed of rare perceptive faculties coupled with able executive ability. He was at one time quite extensively engaged in milling and manufacturing in St. Clair county, and largely through his efforts Capac became what he often expressed a desire to see it, a thriving, hustling village. He was especially interested in the educational progress of the country and it was mainly through his instrumentality that a bill was introduced which provided for the present admirable system of free schools throughout the state. In 1836 Mr. Walker was married to Miss Adeline Ketcham, of Vermont, to whom were born seven children, five of whom survived Judge Walker at the time of his death at Capac, August 17, 1904. JUDGE JAMES G. TUCKER. Judge James G. Tucker, the present circuit judge, was born at Mount Clemens, November 30, 1855. His father, James G. Tucker, came to Mount Clemens to act as cashier of the old Macomb County Bank, then controlled by the Tucker Brothers. The Tucker family were from New York state and the grandfather of the Judge was a Baptist minister long located at Rochester, New York. His mother was Jennette, daughter of Frederick Hatch, long time justice of peace at MIount Clemens. After a ten years residence at New Orleans, James G. Tucker, Jr., returned to Mount Clemens in 1870 and after attending school here, taught for a time in the neigh PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 54t boring schools; was for several years probate clerk and four years justice of the peace; city clerk for one year. In 1880 he was admitted to practice by Macomb county circuit court, Judge Harris presiding. In 1888 he was chosen prosecuting attorney of the county, a position he filled with such satisfaction to the people for four years that at the end of that time they elected him judge of probate. Retiring from that position January 1, 1897, he was soon thereafter appointed receiver of the Detroit & River St. Clair Railway, then in part constructed. In this receivership Judge Tucker was busily engaged for several years during which the road was completed from Chesterfield to Marine City and finally sold. It now forms an important part of the Rapid Railway System between Mt. Clemens and Port Huron. In 1899, upon the retirement of Judge Eldredge, Mr. Tucker was the unanimous choice of his party for circuit judge, which position he has filled with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of litigants and people generally for the past six years. September 9, 1881, he married Eliza B. Wood, daughter of George Wood (son of James Wood), from Yorkshire, England, who in 1843 located on lands in sections 4 and 5 of Clinton, one of the sturdy, industrious and progressive pioneers of that township. Two children, a daughter, Jeanette, and a son, James Guerber Tucker, have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Tucker. Judge Tucker has always been a democrat in politics and his popularity and ability are evidenced by his many successes at the polls. WILLIAM W. GIBBS. William Woodruff Gibbs was born in Livonia, Livingston county, New York, December 31, 1821, and died at his home in Romeo December 29, 1902. The family was of New England origin and his mother a Woodruff, a family noted for its musical talents. As one of twelve children the necessity for work became early urgent and while yet a lad he was apprenticed to a gunsmith and worked some years at that trade. The rare natural artistic element of his mind early developed itself and after working at the trade he had learned for eight years, he began his studies for the chosen work of his life with a local artist and prosecuted his studies and work in his native town for a time. In 1848 he removed to Kalamazoo, Michigan, where he was engaged in his profession. While at Kalamazoo he was a member of an orchestra band and traveled over quite a large portion of the western part of the state in connection with it. About 1852 he came from Kalamazoo to Armada and in 1853 to Romeo, which continued to be his home till the time of his death. During the years of his life at Romeo, he continued his work painting portraits in the earlier years and while engaged in such work he gradually drifted into the work more suited to his taste of landscape painting. Mr. Gibbs was a fine musician and artist of fine qualities and many of the homes of Romeo are filled with the scenes sketched from nature and illustrating many of the beauties of the surrounding country. His character was as simple and guileless as a child and withal he carried with him through his long and useful career the child's love of the true and beautiful. Warm and true in his affections, honest and upright and kind and obliging to all, he went through life like one led by high and lofty ideals. In 1892, upon the suggestion of Mr. H. W. Bradley, he conceived and executed one of his finest designs "Father Marquette at St. Ignace in 1670," which was adopted as one of the designs for the issue of postage stamps by the Government and later the State Pioneer Society of Michigan as the frontispiece to the 1903 volume of its transactions and records. a HISTORICAL. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. INDIAN AND PRE-INDIAN PERIOD. The early history of the territory now occupied by Macomb county is so intimately connected with the trend of events in all the surrounding country and so incapable of separation from the history of nearly all of the lower peninsula of the state, that in order to appreciate in any way, the happenings of those days, it will be necessary to consider somewhat the situation of the entire district. The Indian and pre-Indian history of the county is of course the same as all the surrounding country. The French exploration, occupation and supremacy of the county was but a part of the history of New France as the country was then called, Michigan and a large portion of the northwest territory being claimed, and rightly so by the French as a part of their territory. This period of French supremacy was nominally terminated in 1763 after the close of the French and Indian war when all the French claims in the north of the English speaking colonists were ceded to England. Although theoretically under English control from that time to the close of the American Revolution, this county as well as a large portion of the surrounding country was still French in customs, language and thought. The termination of the War of the Revolution in 1783 nominally established the boundary line between the American and English territories along the channel of the lakes, thus leaving Macomb county a part of the American territory, but as a matter of fact, the English possession and control of this county as well as all the surrounding country continued until 1796, when under the terms of Jay's Treaty, the fort at Detroit and other military points lying to the south and west of the lakes were surrendered to the American forces, and from that time on the history of Macomb county forms a constituent part of the history of the United States. The territory thus coming into the posses, sion of the American government formed a part of the so-called Northwest Territory, which had already been organized by an ordinance of Congress adopted prior to the formation of the present Federal Constitution, July 13, 1787. Michigan continued a part of the Northwest Territory until January 11, 1805, when the territory of Michigan was set off and Detroit made the seat of government. Up until the treaty of Detroit, made November 17, 1807, with the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, and Pottawatomnies, the legal title to all the land in Michigan outside of a. few military posts and a strip of land six miles wide along the Detroit river, remained Indian property, but by that treaty the United States acquired the Indian title to that portion of Michigan which lies east of a line drawn north from the mouth of the Au Glaize river in Ohio to a point due west of the outlet of Lake Iuron and running from that point to White Rock on Lake Huron. All of this territory which lies north of the base line, southern boundary of the present Macomb county, was by the proclamation of the governor of the then territory of Michigan, Lewis Cass, set off and established as a separate county to be called the county of Macomb, January 15, 1818. Thus it will be seen that speaking politically the history of Macomb county begins with the last named date, and that the history 544 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of the earlier periods will necessarily be so intimately connected with the history of the whole territory that it will consist of a recounting of much that is applicable to other localities as well as Macomb county. The location of the county adjacent to Lake St. Clair which in reality forms only a part of the strait connecting Lake Huron with Lake Erie has made it a place rich in the history of Indian warfare were it possible to obtain the facts regarding the same. As far back as we are able to go, the Indians to the south of the great lakes, the Miamis, one of the branches of the powerful Algonquin tribe, were strongly intrenched and powerful enough to form a barrier impassable to northern tribes in their flights and migrations. As a result the Indians of eastern Michigan when hard pressed by their enemies, were compelled to escape to the eastward and naturally chose those points which did not involve crossing wide expanses of water, and St. Clair and Detroit rivers, and Lake St. Clair have been the seat of mnany a migration of the Indians from Canada to Michigan and from Michigan to Canada. Many have been the stands that the Indian warriors have taken for a last desperate fight with their enemies before crossinz the waters to invade the territories of the possibly unfriendly Indians occupying the lands on the eastern side of the strait. As a result, Macomb county has sometimes been called the Pagigendamowinaki, or the great cemetery of the aborigines and mementos of Indian warfare and Indian burials were numerous in the county. The number of mounds, the character of human remains found in them, the stone hatchets, flint arrow heads and unnumbered scattered skeletons all bear silent testimonials to numberless battles and fierce warfare waged over this territory, whose history, however, can only be a matter of speculation. The materials found in some of the mounds have forced a belief that at one time the country was occupied by a race far superior in civilization to the Indians that were found here at the time of the first visits of the white men, and much speculation has been indulged in relative to who and what these mound-builders were. Whether they were Mongolians who had come across from Asia, or possibly members of the lost Tribes of Israel or whether they were merely ancestors of the Indians, who through degeneracy had lost the arts and powers once known to their forefathers, can never be determined. Certain it is, however, that among the Indians themselves had been handed down a tradition that the country had been occupied by a race of people superior in skill te themselves and among the Iurons who occupied a large portion of Macomb county, it was contended that they were descendants of this earlier race. This tradition recites that a struggle which occupied a great many years was maintained between the original inhabitants of the county, ancestors of the IIurons, and a tribe of Indians coming down from the north possessed of greater prowess, and that the older inhabitants, after gallantly and bravely contesting foot by foot, were crowded across the waters into what is now Canada; that they left behind them intrenchments, remnants of which were still to be found when the whites settled this county, which, however, proved unavailing aid in their efforts to resist the advances of the barbarians from the north. This Huron tradition recites that the conquering tribes from the north were themselves overwhelmed and destroyed by a second wave of still more powerful red men who, seeking relief from the hardships of the more rigorous climate and tempted by the reputation of this country as a hunting ground, moved southward, and in spite of the stubborn opposition of the then occupants, succeeded after a long term of years in possessing this country. The second race of invaders from the north were the ancestors of the Chippewas, and later another struggle took place between the Hurons and the Chippewas, "the outcome of which was that the Ilurons, after a temporary success, were again forced out of Michigan and across the waters into Canada." Whatever truth there may be in these traditions, it is reasonable that about the second decade of the 16th century the Chippewas were in possession of the district now constituting the southeast part of Michigan, and up to about the Clinton river. Next north of them, the country was occupied by the Sauks, who controlled the country up as far north as Thunder Bay. Still north of them were the Pottawatomies. About 1520 a great struggle took place among these tribes, the outcome of which was the practical extinction of the Sauks and the establishment of the territory taken from them either by tacit understanding or formal treaties between the tribes, as a common hunting ground. The Ottawas had joined with the Chippewas and Pottawatomies in this warfare on the Sauks, and upon the first visit of the whites to this country in the autumn of 1641 under the lead of Fathers Gogues and Raymbault, these three tribes of PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 545 Indians, the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatollies, occupied the territory now known as the Southern Peninsula of Michigan, but they\ were scattered very sparsely without pernmanelt habitations and dependent almost entirely upon the chase and natural products of the earth for subsistance. One might have traveled for days in almost any direction with(ot mieeting a single Indian. One cause for this is reported to have been the belief ailong the Indians that the spirits of the conquered Sanks still haunted these hunting grounds, and that that Indian who grew too dariing and strayed too far from his companions was in danger of being killed by some avenging spirit of the Sauk warrior. In 1648 another visit was made by white missionaries to the Indians of this country, and it was found that since the former visit, another tribe had been added to the Indians of M\ichigan. These were the Hurons who, unlike the Chippewas, Ottawas and Pottawatomlies, did not belong to the Algonquin family of Indians. In their habits, in the permanency of their habitation, and in their devotion to agricultural pursuits, they much more strongly resembled the Iroquois Indians with whom, however, they were at enmity. Having suffered severe and crushing defeats in their former territory of Georgian Bay and the east shore of Lake Huron, they had been forced westward by the Iroquois to seek new refuge. They crossed the waters at the most convenient ploints, viz., at the Soo river and the Detroit-St. Clair strait to find new homes among the Algonquin tribes occupying Michigan -who, either because of their hatred of the Iroquois or of the weakness and helplessness of the ilurons, received them well, and allow-ed them to find new homes at scattered points through the country. The waterways formingl the chief and practically the sole Ileans of getting about, new homes of the Il-urons were generally found upon the banks of sonme of the streams. As a result of this no less than five streams located within the limits of our present state were known by the naime of the t lron River. Among these strealns was the main river of MaIcomlb county, now known as the Clinton. These four tribes of Indians usually acted together harmoniously. They fought with the French against the English in the war which ended with the conquest of Canada; they were with the English and against the Americans in the War of the Revolution, and with few exceptions in the War of 1812. They stood together in the siege of Detroit in 1762, acting under the leadership of Pontiac, the shrewd and able chief of the Ottawas. It is much to be regretted that a thorough and systematic examination was not made of the remnants of the early civilization that appeared in Macomb county before they were leveled by the plow, and disappeared before the marks of later civilization. One of the most prominent of these forts or mounds was found in the township of Bruce near its east line some three miles northeast of Romeo at a point where the banks of the North Branch of the Clinton rises abruptly some ten or twelve feet. This fort appeared to be about 350 feet in diameter with walls at the time they were leveled by the plow some four or five feet high and eight feet thick at the base, which, considering the length of time that they had stood and the character of the soil of which they were composed, loose gravel, would indicate that they were, when first used, of much greater height. The dirt to form the walls had been dug from the immediate outside, leaving a ditch or moat, which afforded a further protection. In the wall were openings, three in number, about twenty feet wide, directly opposite which on the inside was an additional mound, shutting off the view from the exterior. Between the fort and the branch were found a number of mounds or graves, each containing a skeleton, the size of the bones of which indicated that its owner when living was of a size largely in excess of the modern Indian known to the whites. Some twenty rods from the south of this fort and across the stream was located a large mound surrounded by smaller ones, probably the burial place of a chief, around whom the members of his family, as they died, were interred. Another fort appeared upon the farm for a long time, owned by B. II. Thurston, about a mile further up the stream from the one first described. The fort was oblong in shape, extending nearly 500 feet, and being in its greater breadth about 250 feet. This had but one opening towards the river, and the two ends of the circle of the wall were made to overlap each other. In the vicinity of this fort were found numerous stone hatchets, flint arrow heads and bits of crockery. The third fort was found in the extreme northwest of the county about one mile west of the North Branch. This was nearly circular in form with a diameter of about 225 feet. Near the lake were also some forts or in 546 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY trenchmients which indicated an engineering knowledge and a degree of industry beyond that the later Indians were known to possess. Ipon the farm taken up by William Tucker in IIarrison and Chesterfield upon the Clinton river, there were many indications of these intrenchmenlts. Usually in form a complete circle, having but one opening at the bank of the river. Soime of these contained from three to five acres and in them were found fragmnents of pottery curiously carved. On the southwest bank of Salt river not far from its mouth was located one of these forts which inclosed some three acres. The gate or mouth of the inclosure appeared opposite the river, and directly across from the same was a corinfield, where thousands of littie hills, the result of corn cultivation, were apparent even as late as 1827. The grain had evidently been planted in order and cultivated to a good extent, although at the time the fort and cornfield were examined, it was apparent that a great length of time had elapsed since its use, as a means of protection. Many other slight and isolated evidences of the work of the former race inhabitino this country were found scattered through the county, but they have been so obliterated that it is useless to attemn)t to collect them or to base upon them any theory as to the character or history of their builders. It was early announced that the policy of United States was to recognize the Indian tribes in possession of the territory as being the nol(inall undisputed owners of the territory. This ownership, however, rested in the Indian tribes rather than in individuals, and always subject to the jurisdiction of the government. Accordingly the same rule was adopted by this country as had been announced by the English during their occupation of the country in conjunction with Canada, viz., that no individual should be allowed to purchase direct from the Indians, but should be required to obtain his title to lands through the United States government after the Indian title thereto had been abolished by public treaty. This liberal policy of the government in its treatment of the Indians is probably largely to be credited to the efforts of General Knox, secretary of war under President Washington, and led to a system of negotiations with the Indians as tribes or nations, and to the mlaking of all purchases of lands from them in public council where all could be heard. In this way the government was able to throw open to settlement and private ownership vast tracts of lands at points where it was best able to protect settlers, and also to reduce the danger of massacres because of dissatisfaction on the part of the Indians with the methods by which they were deprived of the lands. Thus the treaty of Fort McIntosh, 1785, the first cession by the Indians to the government of lands in Miichigan, was made and by it was reserved to the sole use of the iUnited States" The post of Detroit, with a district beginning at the mouth of the Rosine (Raisin) river on the west end of Lake Erie andi rulnning west six miles ill the southern bank of said river, and thence northerly and always six miles west of the strait until it strikes Lake St. Clair." The writer is u-nable to find that it was ever determined by survey exactly what lands are covered by this reservation, but it would reach near, if not into, the present limits of Macomb county. This extinguishment of Indian title was confirmed by the treaty of Fort Iarmer in 1798 and by the treaty of Greenfield in 1795, but the title to the remaiinin portion of the state reniaiined with the Indians until the treaty of Detroit in 1807, heretofore referred to. It is not mneant by this that the Indians were left in undisputed possession, but that the white claimants to any of these lands were not backed up in their claims by the government. I owever, along prior to 1795 considerable territory was occupied by white settlers and the strong tide of immigration that was setting in, and the growing practice of private pulrchase from the Indians, created a strongo pressure which resulted in the opening of negotiations nlder General Hull, culminating in the council concluding the treaty of Detroit. By this treaty, nunmerous small r xeservations were lmlade to the Indianls, allon) which were three on Lake St. Clair. The one in which Macomb county is particularly interested b:eing located between Salt river and Crapaux creek, in sections 23, 13, 14 and 24, of the township of Chesterfield. On this reservation lived the last of the Indian inhabitants of the county, who kept up al pretense of tribal relations. They were removed to Kansas in 1830 by the Federal government, but Francis Macompte and others were never happy away from the lakes. The present site of Romeo was also an Indian village, and the place was known for years as "'Indian Village," the namne it was first given when established as a postoffice. Both of these villages were lnade up chiefly of the Chippewa Indians, who by reason of their bravery and skill, had gradually oh PAST A-ND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY57 547 taimed comnimandimg influence over the other Indians. iMing-led. with these were the reninants of the iHurons a~nd other tribes. The lprincipal chief of the, Chippewas located at the Salt river reservation was old MAIcomtpte or Mlaskeash, who died soon after the, War of 1812, and W~as buried on the Inidiaii reservationr- with all his ornaments. Years after a~nd when Franilcis Mlaconce wAas west with enry Tneker, selecting~ a newv reservation for the Ind~ians, this grave -was dlisturbed anid some of the ornaments taken. Upon the retnrn of the son and his d'iscovery of this outrage, h e bromight the actors in the affair to ternis before the courts at MAonnt Clemtenis. Md( MNa conipte was succeeded by. his 5fl], Cluma-e-kumn-c-non, who wvas well belovedi by his oWn] people. anid a man of great influlence anld p~owxer amongo, tile Indians of the surrounadiug country. lHe was, however, a slave of alcohol, and on returuinfig home about nmidniight one night in 1816 from Mfount Cleniens, wh(ere lie had b~een drinking heavily, lie wV cs he aid to run across the garden of Col. John Stockton, wNho then lived oii the bank of the riiver not far from- the Mfarket street bridoc, and, breaikinigp the fence, fell into the watter w~ith. aii Indian "'T(Ugh1 'Col. Stockton In n d the noise anid got up cand searched, but could find nothing0, and iil ot susp)ectiug ally serious results, did not ar ouse the neimghbors. The imext day the bodv AA as found iby John Tuck~er and the Iindians, ad Awlis buried in the orchard of lolin Tucker oil Private Clainii 129, wrapped in a hlne hiroadclotlh ilanket -aIld decorated with inym silve (ornaments. Two or three days later re(latives of the dead Indian eamime to Col. Stoekton 's. house and claimed,, or pretended that the white p~eople were respomisible for the Iiidiaii's death. They refused, wvith -Indiami stolidity, to say lililell to Col. Stockton. but talked mu-Lch amiomig themnselves, a large, part of wNhich Amrs St4ockton understood. The next (lay forty or fifty of the Indians wvent to Judge Connor, then living at the MNoraviaii village,,and threateiied Col. Stockton with vengeaince for having caused the death of their chief. Beingy infornmed of this, Col. Stockton seiit his wife and ehildremi away from lionie aiid. maintamned a wvatclh that nighlt, but although the Indians carine, they soon left without miaking further disturbance. Francis 1\iaconee succeeded his brother as chief with Truekatoc ns sub-chief. The latter became dissatisfied about the Indian reservation, and with several members of the band went to Lakeville, but Mlaconce remained with the bulk of the tribe until 1830, when he reniioved to Kamisas, whiere lie died niany years later. Francis Maconce was an Indian of mtore, than the average intelligence andi ability, nnuch loved by his peoiile and respected by the whites. His first wife was renmarkaible for time beauty (of her hands and the necatness of her loiosek~eepiimo It is related that law โ€” vers from iDetroit goomno to court in St. Clair eoumnty, mtade it a prattice to stop) at time home (if Mawonce, frequemitlv ema(n ining over night. A immn gi these were Juid os Witherell, Sibilcv and Whipple and1 Cha net lor 0O'Keefe. Mrs. MAaeoiiee dressed I ike a. whilte womanai, aiid furnirlhed the most,rppettiiing table and coinfortable lodgings. Sh~e died at London, Out. A sis,,ter of M,\aconce was the wife of Chief Wawamioshi of the S4arnia reservation. It is rep orted that Macomice was initiated imito the aivsteri es of Free M~asoniry. Under Maconce was K eneobe of Ifonino, who was present and took part in the treaty of Saginaw in 1819. Aniother prolnineilt Indian of the banrd near oioneco was Tipsikaw, imoted for his athletic abilities. Earlier still Wittaniiiss wvas one of the prominient Indians of this section. Ile was a devoted attachee of the British commandants ait Detroit anti reniained faithful in hiis Englisli loyalty until the British power was forever l; roke'n in the Uniited States. Ilie was, ai suib-chief of the Huron Indians as early as 1776, and was active iii all the methods of Indiain warfare aga-,inst, the Amierieaii piomicers. After the purchase of the M.Xoravian villaov property, which is miore specifically referred to iii the history of Frederick- in tiiis work, lie was apipoilutetd care-taker by Askins anti Aneram., and actinig for them Qrough1t unsuccessfully to maintain possessiomi of the lands against the claimis of the Conniors. CHAPTER II. THlE FRENCH AND ENGLISH PERIOD. Iii order to understand the history of the early settlements of M\,acoimib, it will b~e miecessa,,,ry to speak in a general way of the history of the French exploration of Michigani, and of the gemicral French policy in all of New France. Michig-an, is a part of the territory that was colonized by the French and held under the governmuent of New France and Louisiana. Although it was never properly a part of Louisiana, it appears upon some of the ancient umiaps as included in that region. Its 548 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY political affairs, however, were always under the supervision of the authorities in what was afterwards known as Lower Canada until the British conquest of 1760-63. From the first visits of the white men until the close of the French supremacy, its history is a part of the history of New France, and most of its inhabitants were French who came by the way of Canada. This dependency on Canada was one of the chief causes for the delay in any settlement in Southern Michigan and for the slowness of which the country developed. The Colonial policy pursued by France for a long period did not encourage the pursuit of agriculture-the wilderness being more valuable in the eyes of the authorities of Quebec since the fur trade was the chief source of revenue. Champlain, who in the early seventeenth century was high in authority in New France, is reported on doubtful authority to have passed through Detroit river and Lake St. Clair in one of his exploring journeys, and is claimed by official memoirs to have discovered this region in 1612-but although the water connection between Lake Huron and the lower lakes is shown on some of his maps, it is not portrayed with such accuracy as to make this claim unquestionable. It is certain, however, from earlier references and from the knowledge of the country shown by the early explorations that this section of the country had been visited by whites long before the first exploration of which we have an official record in 1679. From the traditions handed down by the French settlers of the county there is every reason to believe a village of the Huron Indians existed at or near the present site of Detroit very early in the seventeenth century, and that the surrounding country was chiefly occupied by that tribe; that this village, by its construction and fortifications, was an illustration of the superior ability and civilizaton of the Hurons over the other Indians. At this time the Hurons also occupied a considerable portion of Upper Canada and the country around about Georgian Bay, and it is probable that friendly relations existed between them and the French adventurers and rovers, who, without organization or concerted action, carried on unlicensed fur trading with the Indians and were commonly known as coureurs de bois. It was probably some extra adventurous spirits of this class who were the first whites to visit the country now known as Macomb county, and in order to understand why no record is to be found of their visits, and why those visits led to no settlement, it will be necessary to consider somewhat who they were and how they were regarded by the "Powers that be." As stated before, the fur trade furnished the chief source of revenue for the government, and was regarded as the chief source of value, and the authorities kept strict and intimate control over the trade, making it a monopoly, and exacting large sums for the privilege of carrying it on. This oppression led to a large amount of unlicensed trading by adventurous spirits. Some of these adventurers came from the lower classes of France and readily dropped into the habits and ways of living of the Indians and became practically adherents of the tribes. Others, however, partly from the love of adventure and partly because of restlessness under the oppressions in France, sought the freedom of the wilderness largely because of their ability, courage and integrity. Some, too, were offenders against the outrageous and oppressive laws of France, who, while nominally criminals, were in reality worthy men and no undesirable colonists. As illustrations of this class, were the one hundred and fifty contraband salt makers (faux-saulniers), who were sent to the galleys for interfering for salt monopolies, and consequently were not allowed to go at large in France, but who, at the earnest solicitation of the Governor General in 1713, came to New France. These coureurs de bois, translated by the English in official papers as "bush rangers," and "wood runners," gradually attained great power in the Indian councils by reason of their intimacy with the tribes, and were the real pioneers of French enterprise and discovery, although always regarded nominally as outlaws by the French authorities. There is every reason to believe that they formed temporary and permanent trading posts much earlier in date than any of the recognized establishments, and they became frequent guests at the Indian wigwams and not infrequently were taken in as members of the family by intermarriage with the Indian women. They were frequently condemned as a vicious and bad class by the French authorities, but this is accountable for largely bythe opposition which they aroused because of their failure to comnply with governmental regulations relative to fur trading and also because of the opposition of the Jesuit missionaries, who, in their unbounded zeal for the furtherance of their order and the conversion of the Indians, had PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 549 little use for the unrestrained and nonconforming coureur de bois, who recognized no law, save his own free will. The French, in their early dealings with the Indians and especially the Iroquois, who obtained a strong foothold in the region lying between Lake Huron and the Lakes Erie and Ontario made the same mistake that the English did, and treated the Indians with a haughty arrogance that aroused their early and lasting opposition. When the Iroquois had overpowered the HIurons and driven them out of the Georgian Bay region, all remains there were, if any, of the early French explorations and settlements disappeared. Another result of the hostility of the Iroquois to the French appears in the fact that for many years the French in reaching the upper lakes did not come by the way of Lake Erie and the Detroit river, since this led through the territory of the hostile Iroquois, but rather crossed from the north shores of Lake Ontario through the Georgian Bay region to the Soo and Mackinaw, and as a result southeastern Miichigan was neglected by the French authorities until about 1670. In the meantime the French had realized the mistake of their early treatment of the Indians and had adopted the policy of fraternizing with them and dealing with them on terms of equality, which led to exceptionally pleasant and mutual and profitable intercourse. The friendly feeling thus engendered between the French and the Indians served the French in good term at the time of the war with the English and the ancient ties continued even until the Indians were removed entirely from Michigan. It is probable that the search for the far famed Northwest Passage to the East Indies was the cause of the first exploration of Detroit river and Lake St. Clair, of which we have an official record. It was then supposed that a short route existed from the lakes to the South Sea, and it was in the hope of discovering this that Talon, then Intendant of New France, sent out two exploring parties. One of these parties was under the charge of Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle, who, with two priests, went to the head of Lake Ontario, intending to go from there down the Ohio river. However, there they met Louis Joliet, who had recently come down from the Upper Lakes. Influenced by his advice, they chose the route up the lakes and passed through Detroit river. This passage is reported by Mr. Parkman as the first of which a record has been preserved. At this time, they found near the present site of the city of Detroit a rude stone idol of much repute, worshiped by the Indians as a Manitou. In 1673 Joliet made his successful explorations of the Wisconsin, Fox, and Mississippi rivers, having gone by way of Mackinaw, where he was joined by Father Marquette.. The following year he returned to Quebec, probably by way of Detroit river, where he reported to the Governor as having found continuous navigation, except at Niagara, fron the Lake Ontario to the Gulf of Mexico. The next account that we have of any visit to this part of Michigan was in 1679, when La Salle again visited this locality. During the winter of 1678-9 he built on the Niagara river, a few miles above the falls, a vessel with sixty tons burden, which he christened the Griffin, which was provided with five small cannon. On the 7th of August, 1679, the Griffin in, being the first sailing vessel on the lakes, started on her voyage to the northwest and anchored at the mouth of the Detroit river on the evening of the 10th of that month. A canoe in charge of Tonty was from there sent on to meet the French, whom La Salle had the fall before sent forward to Detroit to await his coming. These facts would indicate that considerable was then known of the country and that suitable quarters could be provided in which this advance guard could maintain themselves during the winter. The next few days were occupied with the passage up the Detroit river, the beauties and attractions of the shores of which strongly tempted La Salle to settle on the strait. On August 12, the parties sailed into the lake now known as Lake St. Clair, and that being the day on the calendar as Ste. Claire's Day, the lake was duly christened. The impression has almost universally obtained that this lake was named for General Arthur St. Clair, Governor of the Northwest Territory from 1787-1800. Indeed it was so declared by Judge Woodward as long ago as January, 1806, in a letter to Washington discussing the land titles in Michigan where he points out that St. Clair should not be confused with Sinclair for whom the river was named. Patrick Sinclair was an officer in the British army who was commandant at Fort Sinclair, and in 1765 purchased nearly four thousand acres adjoining the river now known as St. Clair. Lake St. Clair was called by the Hurons, who dwelt on its shores, Otsiketa, which, according to Judge Campbell, was the Indian word for salt, the name probably arising because of the salt springs near the 550 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Clinton river, which were well known during the earlier days of the country. On the first French maps of this district, this lake has bleen variously lmarked, "lac chandier" (kettle, from its round shape), "Kandakio. and "' anatchio.." As La Salle was wind bound foir several days and unable with the Griffin to stem the strong current of St. Clair river. it is probable that the Macomb county shores of the lake were explored by his party. IIennepin, the historian of the party, however, has failed to leave any record of the discoveries, if any, that were made. La Salle continle(d his explorations around to Lake 5Michigin and the Miississippi river, but the (riffin never retlirnled through the Detroit river, but was lost in the upper lakes. In 1684 i)e la Barre, (Governor of New France, sent an army to Mackinaw via Lake Erie and the Strait, and about this time disputes began to arise between the French and the English Governors of New York relative to the boundary between their respective territories, and in 1686 the French began steps lookiang to the fortification of the Strait. The first station or fort established in pursuing this policy was located at or near Fort Gratiot, and was called Fort St. Joseph. Although it is quite certain that temporary fortifications were established at Detroit, prior to that time, a permanent stand was not established at Detroit until 1701, when Fort Pontchartrain was founded by Cadillac, and July 14, 1701, is commonly considered the day of the founding of Detroit. For a long time after Detroit was founded it was regarded by the French authorities as of importance solely as a mrilitary station, and although it formed a rallying point for all the French in southeastern Michigan, and the friendly Indians attached to them, it was not until nearly a half a century later that it became anything more than a military station. Cadillac's first care, however, was to gather about him and near his fort, the friendly Indians, and his success in that policy aroused the bitter opposition of the Jesuit Fathers, located at Mackinaw, who found their hold upon the Indians somewhat weakened by Cadillac's success. There is no doubt the secret opposition of the Jesuits had much to do with the disfavor with which the Detroit post was regarded at the home office, and with the lack of success which met Cadillac's efforts to provide for the increase in the settlement about Detroit. Cadillac's successor, De la Foret, did not pursue his predecessor's policy of encouraging settlement, but desired that the post should be converted into a strictly military trading post, giving the commander an exclusive monopoly, and in a lnmemorial, written in 1714, insisted that the:ettlers could not safely plvrslue their agricultllral improvemlent because of the danger froml the Indians with whom)l there had already been some trouble. Froml the memloirs and reports written at this period, it is certain that the agriculture of the counltry consisted almost entirely of the work of the Inditns, who were reported as raisinlg abunddant crops of corn, peas, beans anld nelons mand some wNheat, the Illrons beint the most industrious and (quiet of all the tribes. Charlevoix, who visited Detroit in 1721, spoke of there beilng considerable cultivated land of great wealth, and fertility, and he, too, refers to the IIurons raising large quantities of provisions for sale, and commented upon their shrewdness in trading. The indifference of the French authorities to the importance of Detroit, the general colonial policy adopted by the authorities of New France of regarding the country as important chiefly for its fur trade and the military posts as important solely as aids in maintaining possession rather than as rallying points for settlement, together with the dangers which Indian warfare brought on, undloubtedly prevented anly settlement being made about Detroit as far away as the limits of Macoimb county until after the middle of the eighteenth century. Influenced largely, undoubtedly, by the elaborate memoir on the French colonists prepared by Governor De la Galissonniere, a considerable number of settlers were sent out from 1750-51, and about the same time the fort and stockade at Detroit were considerably enlarged. Advances were:made to these settlers by the government until they were able to take care of themselves, which they were soon able to do, as Bigot, the intendant, reported in 1759 that these new settlers had been taking care of themselves since 1754, from which time they had entailed no expense on the crown. As can easily be imagined among these settlers sent out by the government were some of the poorer and more undesirable classes of people of whom the home government desired to be relieved and who brought no great stock of ability, industry or integrity to add to the new community, yet among them, too, were men of courage and enterprise who, being dissatisfied with the conditions at home, or possessed of a love of adventure, sought greater opportunities in the new and unde PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 55I veloped country. The introduction of these new colonists was:but the beginning of a new policy, a.nd each year or so saw further additiolls niade to the settlenment about Detroit, and each year it was found necessary to take lip the lands nlore remote from the fort. The river forming the most handy and practically the only accessible means of travel, it was necessary that the lands taken up should face the water, and the settlemnents gradulally spread up the Detroit river along the shore of Lake St. Clair, and up the small streams emptying into the lake. It is p)ractically certain that whoever miiay have been the first white visitors to MI.acoIImb county, its first permanent settlers were among the French who had splread out from the settlellents about Detroit. The custom grew up of claiilming lands 40 arpents deep with a frontage on the lake or river fronm 2 to 10 arpents wide. A small plot of land was usually cleared, a little log cabin built and just sufficient grain, fruit and vegetables raised to supply the wants of the family. The woods abounded in gamlle and the waters in fish, so that but little was needed from the outside world to supply the absolute necessities of life. The market for any surp)lus production was distant, difficult to reach and practically cut off by the expense and dangers attendant upon getting there. It was inevitable under these circumstances that these settlers should, in two or three generations, have lost thrift and industry. There was no incentive to labor, since the absence of a market suppressed all amlbition to accumilate more than was needed for their own supplies. Both the necessity for keeping friendly with the Indians and the natural, genial disposition of the French emiiorant, led to close association, fraternizing and not infrenqiuent]y to intermarriagoe with the Indians. French politeness, genuine hospitality and comraderie, combined with policy to establish such relations with the Indians, that they thereafter forever relmained their friends. And be it said to the credit of these early French settlers that as a rule by their kindness, their honest and manly treatment of the Indians, and faithfulness to their word once given to the aboriginals, they were able even at times when any English speaking man was in danger of his life to remain undisturbed in their homes, and even to receive from the Indians, who were suffering from actual or believed wrongs from the hands of the whites, presents and assistance in the way of food and protection, which undoubtedly saved many of them from death. These French settlers and their descendants, together with some few English, who had been captured by the Indians in the American colonies when children and adopted in the Indian tribes, constituted practically all the white inhabitants of Macomb county luntil after the close of the Revolutionary War. Naturally these French and Indian captives, both from choice and compulsion, synmpathized with the French in the French and Indian War in 1765, and the British occupanits of the fort at Detroit, after the close of that war, did not meet with any hearty and symlpathetic welcome froni the inhabitants, but the French inhabitant was too peace loving and indolent to have long entertained any ideas of opposing the powers to wholm France had turned him over, and the chief opponents that the British had to contend against were the Indians, who, under Pontiac in 1763, made a concerted attack on all the British posts and nearly succeeded in wiping thema out. The attack on Detroit under the personal direction of Pontiac,. was made May 6, 1763, and was defeated only because Major Gladwin, conimmandant at Detroit, had been warned of the well-arranged plot of the Indians. This warning was received through William Tucker, who was afterwards the first English speaking settler of MIacomlb county. Mr. Tucker had been captured by the Indians when a mere child in Virginia, and with his brother had been brolught by the Indians to this region, and reared among his captors. At the time of Pontiac' s conspiracy he was attached to Major (ladwin at Detroit, and through his Indian foster sister had learned of the designs of the wily Indian chief. This warning enabled the garrison to provide for the attack, and to drive back the superior Indian forces. A long siege of Detroit by the Indians followed, which nearly exhausted the resources of the besieged garrison. "For sixty days and nights," said William Tucker, one of the soldiers, "I was a sentinel on the ramparts, catching a few hours's sleep with my clothes on and gun by my side." After the peace of Itrecht was known, the Indians no longer received the assistance of the French inhabitants, and although they continued their warfare, and in July nearly annihilated the British forces at the battle of Bloody Run, they abandoned the fight in the following year, and treaties of peace were made with them, which resulted in the forts along the Great Lakes being again garrisoned with the British forces. 552 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Although from this time until the close of the Revolution, Michigan formed a part of the British territories, little effect was felt of this change of political power outside of military stations. So far as Macomb county was concerned, the country progressed much after the same fashion that it had under the French regime, additional settlers coming in, locating along the water courses and taking up such portions of the wilderness as suited their fancy, with like indifference both to the claims of the aboriginal possessors and to the claims of the government. These settlers were chiefly Canadian-French, or descendants of the original French inhabitants. The only important exception to this were settlements which were made by the Moravians at Frederick, and the Connors, who came in connection with them. This will be noticed more at length in another chapter. Although by the treaty of 1783 theoretically all of Michigan becorme a part of the American Territory, yet it was not until 1796 that possession of the post was surrendered to the American forces and, practically speaking, Macomb county territory remained in British possession until that date. In November, 1794, Jay's treaty was executed whereby it was agreed that these military posts lying west and south of the great chain of lakes should be given up on or before June 1, 1796, but it was July 1 before the terms of the treaty were actually carried into effect. The territory covered by the present Macomb county was, until the time of the Americans taking possession in 1796, populated almost entirely by the French settlers referred to in this chapter with some few English speaking people who had been captured and brought in by the Indians. The history of the French settlers will be treated of in the next chapter, and the few English speaking settlers will be treated of in the chapter on the early history of Mount Clemens, with the exception of the Connor family, who came in the county in connection with the Moravian settlement made at Frederick, and further information concerning them will be found in the chapter on the Moravian settlement. From 1796 until the close of the War of 1812 was a period of inactivity and uncertainty in the affairs of Macomb county. The Indians were uneasy, treacherous and largely influenced by the English agitators, and it was not until after the close of the War of 1812 that the county can be considered to have reached a peaceful and permanent basis of improvement. It was not until that time that meas ures were perfected for surveying the lands to which the Indian title had been extinguished by the treaty of Detroit in 1807, and throwing these lands open for purchase and settlement. The military possession of the territory rested solely upon the few posts located along the water front, along which were also scattered the few settlers who had taken up and improved lands. The situation of the inhabitants of the territory was vividly set forth in a memorial prepared at a meeting held at Detroit December 10, 1811, to be forwarded to the President, Senate and House of Representatives. The burden of the memiorial was the importance and necessity of additional garrisons and an increase in the military force to be located in the interior of the peninsula, rather than on the course of navigation. Attention is called to the fact that the whole territory is "a double frontier; the British are on one side, the savages on the other. Every individual house is a frontier. No one farm is governed by another farm in the rear of it." "At present the little commerce which remained is sufficiently safe. It is agricultutral production which is wanted. Without these garrisons you can neither run the lines of the treaty which has been last referred to, nor survey the lands acquired under it, nor sell them when surveyed, nor settle them when sold. " In this memorial it was set up that there were nine principal settlements in the territory, the seventh of which was described as the settlement of River Huron of Lake St. Clair, located forty miles from River Detroit settlement, and thirty-five miles from River St. Clair settlement, measurements being evidently made along the waterway, practically the only highway of communication. The population of the four settlements described as River Ecorce, River Rouge, River Detroit and River Huron of Lake St. Clair was given as 2,227, of whom 1,599 were males above the age of sixteen. The total population of the territory is given as 4,762, "of whom fourfifths are French and the remainder Americans, with a small portion British." CHAPTER III. FRENCH SETTLERS-PRIVATE CLAIMS. Aside from the dangers arising from hostile Indians and the natural difficulties inevitable in developing a new country far removed from the centers of commercial and business PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 553 activity, the most serious detriment to the development of Maacomb county, and, in fact, of all Michigan in the early days, arose from the difficulty and uncertainty of obtaining fixed and positive title to land. Nothing develops a greater feeling of security and is a greater incentive to industry and enterprise than the certainty that those improvements which one's labor produces will redound to the benefit of the laborer in his old age, or to the benefit of his descendants. The remoteness of this locality from the seat of power, while this country was controlled by the French and later, the frequent changes in political control and the failure of the authorities to recognize the possibilities of the country, resulted in introducing a great element of uncertainty into the titles of those who occupied and improved the real estate, and this, no doubt, had much to do with the lack of enterprise which was noted and commented on during the earlier years of this county's history. Until the question of land titles in Michigan was taken up and provided for by the American Congress, the claim of individuals to the ownership of land rested upon one of four bases: First. Grants issued by the French Governors or Commandants of New France, as Canada was then called, while that province included or was claimed to include the territory now occupied by Michigan. The writer is unable to find that any lands within Macomb county were claimed to be covered by any of these supposed grants. Second. Claims pretended to be derived from the British government between the time when France was compelled to give up her rights to this territory in 1763 and 1796, which marked the surrender of the British posts to the American government. Most of these grants were held illegal and the writer is not able to find that anything of interest touching Macomb county appears in connection with the same. Third. Indian grants, i. e., deeds from the Indians to private individuals. October 7, 1763, by proclamation of the King of Great Britain, the Governor of the Province of Quebee, of which this country then formed a part, was authorized to dispose of lands to persons applying therefor upon such terms as were then settled in other colonies and upon such conditions as the King might direct, which proclamation also provided that in order to prevent irregular purchases from the Indians, "no private person do presume to make any purchase from the said Indians of any lands reserved to the said Indians within those parts of our colonies where we had thought proper to allow settlements. " It was further provided that all purchases from the Indians should be taken in the name of the King and held for purpose of settlement, and should be made only at some public meeting of the Indians. An equally specific and emphatic prohibition of private purchases from the Indians was made by the American government immediately upon the close of the Revolutionary War. As a result of this policy all Indian deeds to private individuals were refused recognition as being of any force or validity. It is true that these governmental provisions, forbidding private purchases from the Indians would not apply to transactions had at the time the French were in control, but as all claimants under Indian deeds as old as the time of the French dominion were generally able to substantiate their claims on the grounds of possession and improvement, this course was usually pursued, and the old Indian deeds became unimportant. Yet many such deeds were obtained and would be of great interest. Fourth. Claimi-s founded upon actual settlement and improvement either with or without other pretended title, and under this class come the bulk of the claims of settlers in Macomab county made prior to 1810. In 1806 Judge Woodward reported to the Federal Government, quite in detail regarding land titles in Michigan, which report was further supplemented later in the same year by additional details. These reports and the agitation regarding the matter finally resulted in an act adopted March, 1807, which gave to every one in actual occupation in his own right, at the date of the act, title to any tract not exceeding 640 acres, to which the Indian title had been extinguished, and which had been continuously possessed and improved by said parties or their grantors since before July 1st, 1796, which date was agreed upon probably because it was approximately the time when the American authorities secured actual possession of this territory. The act further provided for appointment of Commissioners to take proofs and adjudicate as to the facts from this evidence and to pass upon the validity of the claims, after which surveys were to be made and patents issued according to these surveys. These Commissioners first met in Detroit June 29, 1807, and the minutes of their meetings and the claims presented to them, together with the 554 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY testimony offered in support of the claims, affords the richest field for detailed information concerning the situation of Mlaeomb county's earliest settlers. There are some general reports concerning the matter which afford mullch interestinug information, although their accuracy may be seriously questioned. July 25, 1803, the Indian agent, Jouett, at Detroit, reported to the Secretary of War the results of his visits and investigations into the situation of the settlements in the vicinity of Detroit. If his judglment of the progressiveness of the settlers is no better than his information concerningg the navigability of our chief river, the report is not of any great historical value, but selections therefroml are here presented for what they may be worth as among the few descriptions of our earliest settlements that can be obtained. In reading this, it must be rememnbered that it was written at a time (1803) when strong and bitter prejudices existed both against England and France, and that it was inevitable that the personal feeling and prejudices of the writer would have their effect upon his views of the settlers and the country. Whenever the word Canadians is used, it is to be understood that descendants of French were referred to. The Indian agent referred to his report as " little more than an outline exhibiting the prominent features," and as an endeavor to "'state concisely all those facts concerning which I imagine the government would wish to be informed. " "The geographical remarks are all made from actual observation. I have avoided neither trouble nor fatigue and have thus long delayed to advise you with respect to my progress, only that I might by minute investigation be enabled to give you a more satisfactory account.'" Beginning with the settlement upon Otter Creek, which empties into Lake Erie, each one of the settlements was taken ilp and its salient or peculiar features are concisely presented. Although outside of our county, it may be interesting to know that he speaks of the poverty of the soil of Hog Island (now Detroit's beautiful Belle Isle Park), as rendering it of but little value to private persons, regarding the same, however, as a spot of national importance for a garrison site, because of its command of the river. The distance from Detroit to Grosse Pointe was at that time occupied by sixty farms, whose lands were low and very unhealthy, owing to a wide marsh. It indicates alike the ancientness of these settlements and also the lack of appreciation of the richness of our soil that he re ports: ''the soil is impoverished and produces but little. The buildings which were once comlparatively of the better kind, are now in a state of rapid decline." (Coing now to Maconib county lands, he speaks of Milk river as "so inconsiderable a rivulet, and rendered, froim its particular situation, so very unimportant, I shall not waste my time nor tire your patience with its description. From its mouth to the River hIrlon is 12 miles; less calculated for a settlement than any other I have seen in this country. It is flat, low and marshy. These disadvantages, combined with its unhealthy effluvia, form obstacles which neither the industry nor the perseverance of the agriculturist will be able to surmount. There are, nevertheless, thirty settlers on this tract, notwithstanding its apparent destitution of the advantages of soil, situation and market. These people came into possession in the year 1797, without authority even from the Indians. Their divisional lines are marked by themselves, and they are ignorant of the numlber of acres contained in the respective farms. This settlement, however, possesses that irregularity which is so remarkable in this country. The farmers are as poor as they are unfortunate in the choice of their situation. All of them are Canadians. "The river Iluron is discharged into Lake Sinclair, twenty-seven miles above Detroit and eighteen above the Strait. * * * The river is a geentle, narrow stream anavigable for boats thirtl!y miles above its month. The settlemlents extend up the river nine miles, and contain thirty-four families in the present occupancy laid off as those on the River Raisin, with this difference, that they have by survey no fixed or determinate rear boundaries; each tract extending back from the river or front boundary to a bog at a distance of forty or fifty acres. This land is level and the soil is dark and rich, laboring under no inconvenience from too great a quantity of water. It is tolerably well timbered. Hickory, oak and elm are most observable. Some of the people are agreeably situated; but in general, they are poor in the extreme, owing to that indolence and want of skill in agriculture which so conspicuously marks the Canadian character of this country. All the settlers are of this description except four, who are Englishmen of industry and enterprise." The four referred to were probably William Tucker, Christian Clemens and two members of the Conner family, most likely James and Ienry. "Twenty of these farms were purchased of PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 555 the Indians and settled in the year 1788, ten in the year 1793, 1795 and 1796, and four in the year 1800 without authority of any kind." "From the River Huron to Sinclair river the distance following the circuitous margin of the lake is fifteen miles, with respect to the interlllediate space it Miay be lnecessary to lmake soime observationll. The first and most imlportant sllubject is a salt S)rillO (O a small stream four miles east of the RIiver I Ilron and three iiles lup the said stream front the lake. " The small stream above referred to is now known as Salt river. "From expelriments which have been ilmade, I am justified in saying that this spring deserves public attentiol. It wtas bought some time ago by a couple of men, who owing to their want of capital, were incapable of conductilng the business oi anl advantageous plan. By these men I have leen assured that a quart of water did with theml tulrn one gill of salt and in all their trials with greater quantities it never failed to produce in the like proportion. There is a sufficient quantity of water for the supply of works to any extent. It is scarcely necessary to observe that this spring is clailmed by a mercantile house under the firm name of Meldrum & Parks: the particulars of which claim I consider as unworthy of investigation, well knowing it must have been recently obtained from the Indians. The lands about the spring are rich and favorable for tillage; particularly for wheat. Those extending to the mouth of the River Sinclair are rather too low and marshy. Two Canadian families have, however, settled on them, who took possession of the spots they respectively occupied in the year 1801." lie further speaks of twelve farms situated on the River Sinclair six miles up, held by Canaldilans with the title derived from simple p)ossession since the years 1785-1790. From this settlement for twelve miles up the river there was no sign of a house, when there suddenly camlle in sightt, a number of fertile and well imlproved farms ''edging the river for the extent of ten miles to the amount of twentyfive farms now under cultivation." A large proportion of this land he reports as having been purchased of the Indians "by Patrick Sinclair, British commandant at Fort Sinclair in the year 1765, who held it until the year 1782; during that time derivino from it considlerable profit as a pinery. In the year 1782, he left this country and gave it by deed of gift to a Canadian by the name of Votieur, who sold it in the year 1784 by the autioneer at public sale, at which time Meldrum & Park, a mercantile house in this country, became the purchasers, who have since that period claimed it as their property and erected upon it valuable improvements; there are, however, five farmers upon it, besides the tenant of Meldrum & Park, who forcibly settled the farms they severally occupied in the year 1800; the other nineteen farmers claimed under Indian deeds in the year 1782." "The River Sinclair is in length forty-five miles, and in beauty of navigation preferable to Detroit, though not quite as wide. Such is its transparency that the eye can distinguish at its bottom in fifteen feet of water the most minute object; in it are no shoals, and in depth generally five or six fathoms." It would be well to compare with this, the reports made by Judge A. B. Woodward, who played so prominent a part in the early history of Detroit. Judge Woodward, although erratic, arbitrary and somewhat visionary, was a man of marked ability, strong personality, broad minded and evidently thoroughly imbued with the possibilities of development in this country. The opportunities and necessities of this section were repeatedly urged by Judge Woodward and Governor uIll in various communlications to Congress, the President and other federal officials and the following description, written by Judge Woodward in 1806 of the class of people who formed the major part of the population, will be found especially interesting. "The French colonists never possessed the same knowledge of agriculture which the American colonists possessed. The front of their farms is the dwelling house and garden. In the rear of this is generally a beautiful and very valuable orchard. In the rear of the orchard a few have a wheatfield or a cornfield. The cultivation of the whole depth of the farm is seldom instanced. In this way, both sides of the strait are settled, the houses in one line along the banks of the river about twenty-five rods apart resembling one continuous village without any settlements off froml the river. Their farming is altogether on the small scale, and hence there is little or no disposition to engross lands. These circumstances explain, and perhaps in some measure produce the character of the people. Possessed of comfort, content and habitual gaiety; honest beyond comparison, generous. hospitable and polished; they seek in the duties of piety, and in the pleasures of sociability, an oblivion of all the cares of ambition and avarice as well as of science. " October, 10, 1805, Judge Woodward and Governor Hull united in a report to President Jefferson concerning the land titles in Michi 556 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY gan. This was shortly after the formation of the territorial government and the arrival at Detroit of the Governor and territorial judges, in whom, subject to the approval of Congress, were vested all the powers of legislation for the territory. The presiding judge, A. B. Woodward arrived at Detroit June 20, 1805, and the Governor on the first of July. They found Detroit in ruins, the entire village having been burned on the morning of June 11, and its inhabitants compelled to find refuge among the neighboring settlements on both sides of the river or to camp on the open commons known as the public grounds in the vicinity of the village. This fire, which at the time seemed so disastrous and the cause of much suffering, opened the way for the laying out of Detroit in its present commodlious and beautiful fashion. The uncertainty of land tenure and the advisability of extreme liberality on the part of the American Government were strongly and repeatedly urged and the necessity of providing opportunities for obtaining land titles on this side of the boundary on as liberal and easy terms as they could be obtained on the British side of the line was urged at considerable length. Referring to the purchases from the Indians, this report says: "Individuals have proceeded to extinguish the native right, contrary to the regulations of all the governments; and, in some instances extensive settlements have been made on titles thus acquired. What arrangements the United States will make on this head, it belongs not to us to anticipate; we shall only recommend a liberal and merciful disposition to the people of this country of whom it may be safely asserted they are less to be charged with depravity of character than their governments have been with cruel neglect and indifference. * * * When the American comes into contact with the aboriginal, if he is not considered as an enemy, he is at least regarded as a character with whom they are to struggle, and, if in no other way, certainly in a pecuniary view. But the Canadian allied by blood, by long established intercourse, by countless reciprocity of services, their native claims having long been extinguished, and their honor and good faith having been repeatedly pledged for his protection, is uniformly regarded as their brother, and with him they are disposed to make a common cause. Hence justice and liberal justice, to the Canadian inhabitants is an important point of policy in the conduct of the American Government towards the aboriginal inhabitants." January 4, 1806, Judge Woodward made a further and more detailed report to the Secretary of the Treasury, relative to the measures of lands and to the number of improved farms in the territory, in the course of which report, he points out the difference between the French acre, which was the same as the Paris arpcint, and the American acre, differences which must be understood to accurately understand much of the old descriptions. To this day the French descendants of these early lake shore settlers measure distances frequently by the acre, i. e., the length of one side of the square French acre. "The American acre is nearly 13 poles square, that is to say, exactly 260 square poles. The pole contains 16 feet 6 inches. "The French acre of Michigan is a square, the side of which is 180 Paris feet equal to 192 London feet and nearly 3 inches. The difference of a side of a square containing one French acre and the side of a square containing one American acre is 16 feet 5 inches and about 64-100 parts of an inch, nearly one pole." Referring to the settlements north of Detroit, it was said, "along and north of Lake St. Clair in a country of which the Indian title is not yet clearly extinguished by the government of the United States, there are 123 farms," claimed either under Indian deeds or by right of occupation. In a supplemental report made on the 17th of the same montth, Judge Woodward referred to the various settlements in the territory and gave the dates of settlements and the number of farms contained in each of them. From this, it appears that in the present limits of Macomb county there had been made a number of settlements. ''In 1783 twenty settlements were made on Lake St. Clair;" in which settlement there was at that time twenty farms. "In 1788 twenty settlements were made on la Riviere aux Hurons." ''In 1793 a considerable addition was made to the settlements on the Iuron river;" ten new farms apparently being added. "In 1797 a large number of families (elsewhere given as thirty) altogether Canadians settled on what is called Milk river and in the country north of it." "In 1800 four settlers were added to those on the Huron river. " "During all this period great anxiety existed among the people to obtain regular titles. Attached to the American jurisdiction, their determination seemed to be to throw themselves upon the mercy of the American Gov PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 557 ermnent when it became inclined to attend to their situation. In 1802 directions were given to the Indian agent by the Secretary of the Department of War to investigate and report the titles of this country. The inhabitants received him with the greatest hospitality and candor, concealing or misrepresenting none of the facts attending their respective settlements and manifested their joy at the government's turning their attention to the titles of that conlltry. ' As was pointed out in this report all of these settlements with possibly the exception of some on Lake St. Clair were beyond the territory to which the Indian title had been extin-uished and the necessity for prompt steps to obtain the Indian title to a greater extent of land was strongly urged. At this time the only land in this part of Michigan, the Indian title to which had been released consisted of a strip of land six miles wide running from the River Raisin northerly to Lake St. Clair. This had been obtained under the French regime, and had been confirmed by the treaties with the Indians at Ft. McIntosh, Ft. IIalinar and (,reenville. As before stated the title to the lands which the settlers had occupied and improved was passed upon by a board of coimmissioners who met at Detroit at various times up to February, 1811, and took testimony of possession and improvement, and awarded tracts of various sizes not exceeding 640 acres to those who furnished satisfactory proof of continuous occupation from July 1, 1796, on. These private claims thus established constitute the earliest legal titles of the county and in the aggregate occupy the greater part of the present township of HTarrison and the larger part of the lake front in Erin and Chesterfield and of both banks of the Clinton River in Clinton township up to and including the site of Frederick. From the proofs thus taken considerable can be learned of the residents of those days and of the situation of their farms. These genial, company-loving French would have died of ennui had they settled as the eastern Yankee backwoodsman was accustomed to do -in the heart of the forest, miles from neighbors whom he might not see for months at a time-he wanted friendly and frequent intercourse with his kind. So close to each other as to be almost within shouting distance, were built the little log cabins on farms fronting a few rods on the water and stretching back into unbroken wilderness, sometimes almost a mile. Nor was this as inconvenient as might seem. Fishing and trapping were more favorite emn ployments than agriculture, and the rear forests were resorted to only for game and firewood. From all that can be found, an effort will be made to give some idea of who lived along the lake and river and the improvements they had wrought in the forests in the time between the taking of the county as a part of the American possessions and the War of 1812. Beginning at the south No. 222 is the first private claim whose lake front, where the buildings and improvements were naturally made, lies within our county. The south part of this claim was, in 1796, in the possession of Francois Ble (progenitor no doubt of some of the Blays of today), who sold to William Forsyth, who occupied the same until 1806, when he sold to Antoine Renaud for $100.00. The latter also bought in 1808 the north part of the claim for $112.50 from Jacques Allard, thus obtaining the whole 120 acres now known as Private Claim 222, and the uncertain improvements thereon for $212.50 and his expenses in proving up his claim. Next north lay the eighty acres allowed to Joseph Campeau, the prominent and (for those days) wealthy Detroit merchant, as claim No. 544. This appears to have been long in the possession of Pierre Duschene and on it in 1808 a house had been built and about twenty acres had been cultivated. Next to the north was the largest and more prosperous of the early farms-the Gazet Tremble farm at Milk River Point. The claim was allowed to Tremble as grantee in deeds from one Maison and Antoine Larabelle, who had occupied and improved their respective shares since a date long before 1796. At the time of the taking of the proofs in March, 1809, the entire 600 acres were inclosed "and more than two hundred arpents are under cultivation; a dwelling house and two barns" being among the imnprovements sworn to by Michel Duschene. In the deeds and descriptions of this claim and others in that vicinity, the point and the river now and then known as Milk river were also referred to as "Pointe d'Guignolet" and "Riviere a Guignolet," names that evidently are significant of the choke-cherry and black cherry brandy, which the genial and liquor-loving French bon-vivants of those days associated with that home of plenty and mirth. The farm remained in the family of Gazet Tremble at least until after the death of his son Joseph, and was in its day one of the finest and most productive of the old French farms of the lake shore. Gazet was the brother of Michael Tremble (the father of Leander, Henry, 558 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Daniel and Louis Trembley and of Mrs. Leon bounded on the north by land occupied by Peltier), and also of the wife of Harry Con- Jacques Allard, but this property being the ner of Conner creek fane, son of Richard farm where stands the store for many years Conner of the Moravian Village, of whom owned by Henry Vernier, was nlot claimed bly much is told elsewhere, Gazet Tremble was Allard or anyone else, but was afterward an active and influential man of medium b(ou)ght from the oovernment. height, and his straight athletic franle adorned From here up to where Noah icloche n(w with a bright gay-colored sash, was a familiar lives (the Couchez Road) no clail was Iut figure still relmembered by some of the oldest in, although it is probable that portions were residents. IIe lived to the ripe old.ge of 102. occupied, lbutthe occupation hadl not continued Next up the shore lay Private Claimn 599 long enough to enable the occupants to estaballowed to the heirs of James Abbott, being lish claims. described as sixteen acres front by forty deep, 'he presel:t Noah Meloicle and neiglliboring "near L'Anse Creuse" and bounded "south- Socie farms rle parts of Private Claim 630 southwest by Mlonsieur Duchesnl-le. In 1808 allowed in 1809 to Jean Batiste Socier, and it appears by the testimony of Joseph Robi- Ilere, as in mny of these old lake shore farms taille, who as tenant for the claimant had oc- the land has remlained in the family for iucupied the same upwards of eight years, there ars of century, being handed down fro had been "about three arpents"' cleared and eneration to generation. O(n eah 1division for inclosed and a house built. Jalmes Abbott was,ears, it was custol ary to so subdivide that an Irishman reputed to have been the firs h a a water flolt, thus forming still English speaking merchant of Detroit. -e narrower strips. rlhe rights of Batiste Socie and his son Robert were prominent fur-traders wer etablished by the testilony of his neilhand well known througohout the county. The ors, Francois A. 'relble an( Sion Tias Abbotts also secured the next claim of 640 acres, having occupied the same by their ten- A tract about four arp ents w ide, now the ants Laurent Grifford, Antoine Larabelle and Alard farm lyin ust lortl of tle ay Roa was first occupied by Francois A. 'irebllib6 Gazet Tremble. These two claims as surveyedl s occie by C s A l le o *cupied the laie front from.ilk river up iiuntil he purchased fromll MIichel I)Duchetle the occupied the lake front from Mlilk river up, 1 over a mile and a half and covered the lands cl trt ll the shoe, cai. inlllter 1, 4 when he gave it over to Nicholas Patenalide, years after owned by the Frazard, Whitmore, Jr., to e gwon it oars pato Nltd l. 108 ats lriLabadie, Trombley, Detour and IMaison famni- to la,t as p, t n td i i 188 -s i lies. vrate (laim 25!(), after he had prlodllced a deed lies. (in French) from Francois A. Tremnble reThese two claims and all the lake front from lis r i I t leasing to the claimant his rights in the tract Milk river north to near where the Lake Shore to the t lis. ollts i tm 1 tl(c. Catholic Church stands, were formerly spoken Between te to ca of 1reln7t n Aras of as The Prairie, from the fact that for a ltal of 1() allowed to eanl l astise Vereier space of about a quarter of a mile back from dt Ladoceur and whl s e d in is the lake shore the low half-marshy land was family tots day loiii nowr the falrlls bare of trees, and raised a luxuriant growth Leander erer antl ly Thibalt Ver of coarse, heavy grass, which, in years when nier (Ladolceur was a nickname that was the water was not too high to forbid, was cut e t stgish i fo te t rand used for winter fodder. This low marshy niers) had located here prior to 1796. acnd prairie or meadow was probably largely re- cearinm smna]l splace hadl bult the lsual log sponsible for the very unfavorable impression cain and won fromi lake and folest the ivelithat the Indian Commissioner Jouett ex- ood of hlliself and falily, livllg to a ripe pressed of this locality. The Englishman who old ge. l'he farm passed to Jean B. Jill, who translated the French idiom used in describ- had lmarried a niece of Joseph Campleatl the ing the claims as filed, transformed La Prairie wealthy merchant of Detroit, wlo owned into Long Meadow, and so Private Claim No. p"any farms and claimls along the shore. Ipon 625 is found bounded on the southwest by the death of Jean B. Jun in 1835, the farm Long Meadow. This claim was patented to passed to the children, one of whomm, John Pierre Duchene, who had occupied it from be- Vernier, now lives in Mt. Clemens, all active fore 1796 until 1808 at least. Gazet Tremble vi(orous man at seventy-seven years. His testified to four arpents being enclosed and share of the old farm is now held lby his cultivated and a house erected which, how- daughter, Mrs. Tebo. ever, had been burned at the time of Claim No. 199, taken up by Etienne Duthe hearing. This claim is spoken of as chene, who occupied from 1796 to 1799 when PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 559 it was turned to his cousin who sold to Francois A. TreOmbl)e, has already been referred to. This tract was occiil)ied and ilmproved like the other and(l has Ipassed fro0111 the original settler to Francis Trenible, his son, who lived there until bis death solne twenty-eioht years ago, when Ills childlrenl took the title thereto and still retain it. Cl aiia No, 320 of on(e hunidred and twenty acres lyinI niext up thie shore had many owners in its early days. as it lhas rhad of late years. Its earliest oeecculpait of whoiui we know was (abt-riel Renleau, whlo )gave it to his brother, Loulis, who s{old to Bazile Crequli. Fromn the latter in July, 1808, for the sun1 of ninety dollars it was purchased by Jean Batiste St. Lafurent, whose homne it was in September, 1808, and to whoii it was at that time allowed. Ihis was the hoille folr tany years of Jacob 'hibaubilt (now usually written Tebo) who died there omtie tweityv years ag'o ag'ed 104 yearis, aid is; ntow owned by his daughter, C alista Meldru.ltl. Before,July, 1796.I a ho (nd smnall clearing had been made by Ig'naee Sene on claim 566. Batiste Cochois, who bougoht of Sene, sold after two years' use of it to Jean B. T retib16 dit Ambroise who had by Christ mas, 1808, eight or nine aru)ents nder cultivation and a Ihouse and stables on the pIlace. Althlori7h clailm 5a65 had had no less than seveni owners from July, 1796, when Joseph ILaforet had cleared two arl)ents and built a house, to eceimber, 8, 1808, whe it was g'ranted to Etienne Socier only six arl)penits had then lieen cleared. The other ea rlv owners were Batiste Cochois, Iglnace Senl, Ilenry Campeau, Iginace A. Tretmblle and Anable Latour. Nothing appears as to the amnount of imp)rovenment that C(harles Chovin had put on No. 278 during his pwa rds of twelve years' occu11 -pation. Claim 225, prior to 1796 had been sold by Francis St. Benard to Louis Thibault, who later surrendered it back to St. Benard, and who thenl sold to Jean B. Cornpatret Jun. From him Mlielhel Duchene bought and he proved up the claim by showing its continuous cultivation by these successive owners. Sililiar proofs enabled Pierre (riff'ord to secure No. 220 and Jean B. Petit No. 505, which lie at the corner of Erin, Harrison and Clinton townships. Joseph C(a ipan, thile prominent wealthy trader of Detroit, had begun dealing in real estate as early as 1786, and many of the early farms of Macoiib county were owned by him. No less than nine clainis were allowed him by the Coiimmuiss(oners, and others secured their claiiims as ass asignees of Camipau. Among these claims of Campau were 544 heretofore referred to, 736 and 545 on the lake, and 319, 604, 188, 1 13), 134 anid 633 along the river.:As CamuIpan did not personally occupy these, they will bie 'referred to again only where special imp)ro(veilmets were shown or the tenants are known. On 645, when Francois lDuclhene secured the samte iIn 1809, about eighit arpients were enclosed and a under cultivation and a house and barin were 1)uilt. HIe had bought of Pierre Clhampag'ne, who it seems also had owned No. 315 lvinig next north. Tils he sold to Jean Sunlare, who in turn sold to Louis Leduc, the clainant before the Comh11lissioners. At the pI)init somietimes referred to as Point of L,'A2n:e Creiuse, )but usually spoken of by the Freuch as La P'ointe a Chovin, being tile pIoint jtist below thIe site of Liverpool, are the (claints gradited to Jea1 MaIarsac, who had occu)pied and improved No. 162 for "several years" previous to 1796 anid continued thereon until after 1808, and to Charles C(hovin, who l:had imade his hotme o(n No. 277 for upwards of twelve yenrs, when1 the proofs were taken in 1868. Claim No. 164 lay both sides of the old liverpo0ol road aind iehluded the site of Liverpool. It was claimed tby Joseph 5Mitresse dit Sansfacon. part of it as the (grantee of Antoine Cecillie wh()o bought of N. Patenande and part of it as grantee of Louis Chamlpag'ne who had purchalsed from tlieire Laparle. In the French deeds or contracts of purchase by Sansfacon, there are mentioned "aa little house, horse stable, and feneciing" as covered by the co(nveyaneces. Sanlsfaeon like Laduceur was origitnally ierely a nickilame, but even in 1802 it had evidently been accepted by the family, as these deeds are signed merely "Joseph Sansfacon, " omitting' the real surname, which is used in the claim filed. To-day the old family nallme is forgotten by nearly everyone and only Sansfacon is used. Lying each side of theof Cottrell road where it strikes the lake shore road are claims 601 and 602 allowed to Baptiste and Alexis Dubay respectively. On each had been built a house and parts broken up. From the descriptions, it is evident that between them was land occupied by one Simon Landri, but when the surveys were made, there seems to have been nothing left for Simon. Below these two was land occupied by Michael Comrparet, who, how 560 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ever, failed to prove up a claim to his possession, probably because of its then seemingworthlessness. The Ienry Campau farm along the southerly line of which now runs the Boulevard and Lake Shore Electric line was confirmed to Louis Laforge, who in 1808 had been in uninterrupted possession for upwards of twelve years at least, and who could boast of a house, barn and a bearing orchard on his premisesthe latter an unusual possession at that time. This orchard has been largely destroyed by the inroads of the lake, but remnants of it still stand directly in front of the Club Iouse at I.akeside, now run by Bigham. Next up the shore is No. 149 which Phillis Peltier swore to being possessed as early as 1793 by one Cazet who sold to Francois Depre who sold to the successful claimant Jean B. Pare. Real estate in those early days seems to have found ready and frequent sales. Claim 165 next north was owned by Charles Chovin, Nicholas Value and Joseph Dube before the last named proved it up in 1808. We now come to claim 174, and here find the first exception to purely French occupation we have struck in coming up the lake shore. Among the first, if not the first English speaking man to permnanently locate in this part of the country was Jacob Thomas, called Dr. Thomas, who came up from Kentucky in 1774 or earlier. IHe married into a French family, Donai by name and located on the lake shore, where his family and descendants have in part remained, and owned lands until within a few years. They have intermarried almost invariably with the French, until the fact that they were not purely French blood has been almost lost sight of. Robert Thomas, the son, was born in 1775, and John B. Thomas, his son, in 1800. Private claim 174 was allowed in 1808 to "The widow and children of Jacob Thomas." The next tract north was claimed by Jean Baptiste Nantay, who was evidently an active and widely known man in those days, since he was a witness to establish a great many of the claims. Jean Marsac swore that the claimant had had possession some fourteen years before and had cultivated the premises for seven years, and Robert Thomas swore that he had lived on the premises and cultivated them for six or seven years prior to the time of the taking of testimony, September, 1808, but that his possession was contrary to the claimant's wishes; that at the time he took possession, the land had been idle for about two years. A portion of the land lying next north of this claim appears to have been claimed by Nicholas Chapaton, the great uncle of Oliver Chapaton. In support of the claims of Chapaton, who claimed 160 acres bounded north by Phillis Peltier and on the south by land of Nantay, six different witnesses were sworn, being Nantay, Jean Marsac, Michel Cornparet, Pierre Lanoue dit Leblanc, Jean Baptiste, Louis and Benoist Chapaton. Nantay testified that Chapaton had built a fence around his claim before July 1, 1796, and cut a stack of hay, but had not cultivated any of the land or made no improvements; that Phillis Peltier, however, had built two houses, one of which had been burned. Louis Chapaton had heard Phillis Peltier say that the Indians had given that tract of land to him, Peltier, and Chapaton. In support of this claim was also produced a deed written in French, dated Detroit, May 8, 1795, purporting to be signed by two Indian chiefs, Vouistamuance and Nanguy, giving a tract of land, bounded by the lands of Nantay and Peltier to "sieur Colet Chapaton." Jean Marsac dit Punacha testified that the claimant had cut a stack of hay, but had made no improvement; that Phillis Peltier had built a house on the tract "about two and one-half arpents this side of the bridge, " over the Ventre de Boeuf; that Peltier had cultivated some seven or eight acres on the lower part of the farm which improvements, however, witness thought had been made since the Americans had taken possession of the country; that the Indian chiefs had charged the witness not to let any person settle or enter on these lands, as they had given them to their friends, Peltier and Chapaton. Jean B. Chapaton testified that in August, 1795 the claimant had mowed hay on the premises, and that in the February following he and the claimant had taken the hay away and cut logs to build a house; that Peltier had at that time made use of one side of the tract, and Chapaton the other; that no improvements had been made on Chapaton's part of the tract, but that Peltier had cultivated his for the past five or six years. Jean B. Pare swore that for fifteen year Phillis Peltier had been in possession and cultivated his premises. Accordingly the Conmmissioners rejected the claim of Chapaton, and granted claim No. 148 to Phillis Peltier. The farm now owned by the Martz heirs being claim 168 was granted to Louis Campeau upon the testimony of George Meldruml and claiim 545 and 319, which together with 168, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 56i constitute the most of the marsh farms lying east of the road commonly spoken of as the Marsh road, were granted to Joseph Campeau, he appearing to have cultivated and occupied theml, or purchased the rights of those who had. Thirty acres were under cultivation on 545. Claim 151, which together with the east half of 139 forms the Anthony Ameis farm of today, was granted to Francois St. Obin, it having bIeen shown that the farm had been cultivated and occupied for at least twenty years. It had been owned formerly by Michel Conmparet, Jean B. Bodin and Ignace Moras. This claim adl all succeeding ones until the other claim of Ignace Moras is reached, are bounded by the river. Following up on the south bank of the river claim 238 was allowed to Louis Chapaton as grantee of Jos. Canlpeau, he having purchased the farm in March, 1803, for forty pounds. Claim 604 wMhich covered a strip running frotm LJ'Anse Creuse Bay to the river and including the Frank Moore farm on the bay and Kath and Tilk farnis on the river, was subject to controversy between Joseph Campeau and the heirs of Cecille Campeau, and the testiunony introduced, also brings out the fact that Isaac and John Williams were at least interested in this land, if not occupants of it. The contest between Campean and the Williamls claimants, heirs of Cecille Campeau, turnned on the case of domestic infleicity that however unfortunate in itself has at least reslulted in furnishing more evidence of the early occupants of this tract than we have in most cases. Camlpealu's claim was based upon a (deed fromi Jacques Lozoni, in which Cecille, his wife, had refused to join and a sharp controversy developed as to whether the place was the property of the huisband or the wife, ibut the a musing contradictions and confusion in the testimony of the witness and the lack of certainty regarding the various early transfers of title-they were evidently usually made by mere delivery of possession without writing-lend great uncertainty as to the justice of the respective claims. The hearing was adjourned several times, and finally in August, 1809, without additional evidence, the coi mmissioners disallowed the claim of the Williams heirs and confirmed the tract to Joseph Clnapeau as No. 604 in a manner that suggests the probability that Campeau had settled with the opposing claimants, who thereupon abandoned their efforts. From the testimony of the various witnesses, Jacques, Louis and Touissant Campeau, Jacques Lozon, Joseph Robertjean, Jean B. Nantay, Michael and Jean B. Comparet, Jr., the following facts can be gleaned: Jean B. Comparet, Sr., was the first one to make any improvements upon this land. HIe and his sons, Joseph, Francis and Jean Marie Comnparet, and one John Flin, improved the premises considerably as early as 1788, clearing at least an acre and a half, and planting corn thereon and raising "the square of a house up to the joist.' That they, through their agent, Francis Corlparet, sold their rights to Thomas Edwards, and one Matt, after having lived on the premises some four or five years. Before the Comnparets improved the land, it was rumored that it belonged to Thomas Williams by virtue of an Indian deed, and about the time the Comuparets went into possession, Isaac Williams sold a portion of the land to Comparet. Edwards sold either to Jacques Lozon or to his wife Cecille Williams Lozon (nee Campeau?) The Lozons, with the family of Williams children moved on to the premiises about 1793, at least long prior to 1796, and quite extensive improvements were made. The evidence is contradictory as to statenients that have been made by Lozon as to whether his possession was in his own right or on behalf of his wife, but it appears that he had nothing when they came there, and that at least a portion of the purchase price was furnished from her means. The balance of the purchase price was paid by an order on Joseph Campeau, which he honored, and to secure the paymlent of which, he afterward obtained a mortgage from the Lozons. In this mortgage, MIrs. Lozon united, being forced to do so by her husband. Later Lozon deeded the place to Campeau, but the wife persisted in her refusal to sign the deed. The Williams children lived with the Lozons seven or eight years, andi assisted in making the improvements. A remnant of slavery appears in connection with this testimony, since John Williams was assisted in his work by "a negro of his father; that the negro worked seven or eight years until he was sold" about 1800. Some thirty-five or six acres were cultivated and inclosed, a house and barn and other outbuildings erected. For a distance of nearly a mile and a half along the south side of the river and covering ten claims with one exception, the land was either granted to Joseph Campeau or he has sometimes owned the same, and nothing of interest appears in the testimony relative to the occupants thereof, nor the amount of improvements placed upon them. The exception referred to is Private Claim 175, now owned by 562 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Charles Winkler and for many years the property of Latourneau and his daughter, Mrs. Paquette. This was granted to Louis Petit as the grantee of one Cannellier. The farm so long occupied by the Chortier family, claim No. 176, was granted to Pierre Phenix. It was made up originally of two separate tracts, deeds of which from the former owners to Phenix were put in evidence. The lower half appears to have belonged to one Lapaline and Provost and the upper half to Lapaline, Nathan William, Joseph Bouvouloir and Joseph Cherbenneau. Next farm west, which includes the Cole farm and others lying south was granted to Joseph Rowe (the father of Mrs. Joseph Hayes, and hence great-grandfather of Mrs. Andrew S. Robertson), as the assignee of Antoine N. Petit, from whom he had bought it in October of 1807 for.$200.00. The next claim west, which includes the Reimold and Bruell farms, was granted to Joseph Robertjean as claim No. 229. This farm has been one of the most historic on the river below Mount Clemens. John Lovelace, one of the Indian captives who constituted practically the only English speaking people of the county in the eighteenth century, commenced on this farm sometime prior to 1796. Ile cleared some two or three acres, but built no building. He was, however, according to the testimony of Israel Ruland, in possession and cultivating the premises until about 1798, when he sold them to the claimant, Robertjean, to whom Ruland, as the agent of Lovelace, gave possession. Campeau testified that in 1801, by permission of the claimant, he had cut a thousand rails off the premises. Later this farm passed through Mr. Clemens and to John Conner, who moved there and established his home and commenced extensive improvements before 1812. Conner was one of the prominent, influential men of the community, and his home was the rendezvous of the English speaking inhabitants. He had come from Maryland before 1800, and had married the daughter of Captain Thorne of River St. Clair district. When the War of 1812 broke out, the hostility of the Indians, who generally sympathized with the British, was such that Conner found it wise each evening to take his wife and children to the home of James Conner, on the opposite side of the river. James Conner being of the Richard Conner family of the Moravian settlement, was favored by the Indians, and his home was a safe refuge. Soon after the British secured Detroit, upon the surrender of Gen. HIull, Mr. Conner went to Detroit to market and was held there by the British. Learning this, Mrs. Conner, with her five children, got into a canoe and went to Detroit, and there made her home until the close of the war. Conner was sent to Canada and was absent for nearly a year, but later returned by way of Ohio and joined the armyl reindering excellent service for his country. At the close of the war in 1815 he returned to his farm, there to find desolation on all hands, the land, which he had brokeln up, grown up in weeds and brush, and every creature killed to furnish food for the marauding Indians. Industry and energy, however, soon made the home again pleasant and valuable. Conner remained upon the farm until about 1844, and died at Romeo in January, 1857. After the close of the War of 1812. the Conners succeeded in establishing much more friendly relations with the Indians, and Mrs. Conner was particularly beloved by them. The oldest of their children, William Conner, iarried Susan Conner, the daughter of Henry Conner of Conner's Creek, and in the early 30s was living between his father's home and Mount Cleniens. Later he kept a tavern upon the Gratiot turnpike, not far from the present I-alfway. He was the father of Henry 0. Conner, now living in Mount Clemens, of Alice, wife of Iarry Hall of Macomb township, and of Mary and Josephine, successive wives of John Calvin Weller. Mrs. Fiero of Detroit, Gramrpner of Evanston, Ind., and Mrs. Chillis of Louisville, Ky., are also his children. Henry Conner, the other son of John Conner, was married to Ann Cranage in 1848, and, with his wife, was the proprietor of the American Hotel, and the Sherman IHouse of Mount Clemens for mnany years; further mention of them will be found in the later history of Mount Clemens. The three daughters of John Conner were Nancy, who married William Roy; Alice, who imarried Wesley tIinman; and Susanna, who married Iorace Cady, more of whose famlilies will appear later on in this work. Leaving now the claims lying west of this, which will be considered in connection with the history of Mount Clemens and Frederick, we cross the river to claim No. 172, which includes the Irwin farm and portion of the Fulton and other farms lying north which was described as "being part and parcel of the lands commonly called and known by the name of McConse Meadows." PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 563 This was claimed by John Askin, Jr., of the town of Amnherstburg, Essex county, Cana(la, and was granted to him upon the showinlg made by Henry Tucker and Christian (lemens that the place had been improved and cultivated by one Descoteaux, and by (Clemens continuously. Further mention of Askin will be found in connection with the history of Frederick and the Moravian settlement. Just below the Askin claimI James Conner, acting for his brother, William Conner of the Moravian Conner family, built a small cabin, a couple of years before the Americans took possession, and later a brush and pole fence was built along the river and a small house was built there by John Conner, who lived directly across the river, acting for the claimant, Williaml Conner, before 1796; about two acres of land were cleared around the house before the claimant went into the Indian country as was his habit, probably on fur trading expeditions. One Baptiste Letourneau squatted on the premises, and was turned off by the Conners. In 1801 claimant returned from the Indian country and built a fence in front of the tract and some four or five rods on each side, and also cleared a couple of acres at the upper end of the tract. In 1808 this house and part of the fence were still standing, and the possession of Conner having been maintained through his brother, James Conner, the claim was confirmed to him as private claim No. 693. In like manner claim 129, which includes the Noeker, Lafevre, Touscany and Pringnitz farms, was confirmed to James Conner as private claim No. 129. From this point east to private claim 150, the Antoine Peltier farm, the entire tract was confirmed to various members of the family of William Tucker of whom more extended notice will be given in the history of Harrison, except private claim 195 which includes the Beaufait farm and a large part of the Lafayette Tucker farm, and their lines extended through the Stewart lands up into the township of Chesterfield. This claim 195 was confirmed to Michel Tremble. From the Tucker lands to the Lake, the land had been occupied for a great many years, but the testimony fails to afford any definite description of the extent of these improvements. Claim 150 was confirmed to Francis St. Obin, who, with his father, had possessed the same for many years. Tradition has it that Mr. St. Obin at the earnest solicitation of Charles Peltier, then of Detroit, consented to trade this claim 150 for the farm (now in the heart of Detroit and worth hundreds of thousands of dollars), usually known as the St. Aubin farm, lying along each side of St. Aubin Avenue. The fine duck shooting in the marshes on the rear of 150 was the strong attraction for Mr. Peltier. Certain it is that St. Obin and Peltier exchanged farms. Claim 194 was confirmed to Michel Tremble as assignee of Nicholas Chapaton; 242 to Robert Robertjean; 140 to Joseph Robertjean; 374 to the widow and heirs of Alexis Peltier and 373 to Ignace Moras. This latter claim included the lower part of the Cottrell farm, and extended out to the present lighthouse or clubhouse at the mouth of the river. It was originally made up of two tracts, one of which was purchased by Moras from Louis Baudin, and the other from Pierre (Goiiin. The first one of these tracts was originally occupied by Michael Comparet, who sold to Jean Baptiste Baudin. The other tract was originally occupied by Seraphin Loson, who sold to Baudin, and he in turn to (Gounl. The French deed from Goiiin bearing date September 12, 1808, conveying this tract to Moras for 145 pounds, New York currency, was put in evidence. Mr. Moras was a fine representative of the better class of the French pioneers-a native of Wayne County -strong, active, energetic, of large frame and stature-genial, and possessed of the genuine French hospitality that made his home a stopping place for every wayfarer on lake or river. He came to the mouth of the Clinton in 1807 and built a large two-story frame house that constituted later the main part of the Conger Iotel when Belvidere flourished, and built it so well that the frame stood true and solid still when the building was torn down within the past decade. He was made a prisoner by the British in 1812 and taken to Detroit, and there compelled to furnish reluctant aid to the English forces in selecting and preparing timber for their vessels and fortifications. He became later the owner of two sawmills on Mill Creek in St. Clair County and was engaged in rafting the lumber in cribs down the St. Clair River and Lake to Detroit. He had six hundred acres of tillage land at Belvidere at one time. He remained there until the middle of the fourth decade of the nineteenth century, when he sold out to Conger of Belvidere fame, and returned to Wayne County. 564 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Gen. Friend Palmer of Detroit recalled with evident enjoyment the welcome and entertainment received at Mr. Moras' in the winter of 1830-31, when he and his uncle on their way home over the ice from St. Clair, stopped at the large, yellow, white-trimmed house that loomed up across the ice and marsh. Mr. Moras was the father of Antoine Moross (father of Victor M\oross and Mrs. Mary [Francis] Provost of Mount Clemens and Ignace Moross of New Baltimore), of Mrs. Fannie (Joseph) Robertjean, who for years lived on the Beaufait farm; of Mrs. Leonore (Charles) Furton, for years owner of the Noeker farm; of Mrs. Berner of Swan Creek, Mrs. Mary Ann (Robert) Meldrum and Mrs. Theodore (Joseph) Frazard of L 'Anse Creuse. Above the river on the lake shore were four claims allowed, two large ones, 192 and 193, to IMeldrum and Park, running from Salt River southerly along the shore for a mile and a half to River Aux Vase; one, 342, next above Salt River, to Francois Dupre; and one, 343, at Crapaux Creek just south of New Baltimore, to Pierre Yax. Mfelcirum and Park were the firm of merchants referred to by Commissioner Jouett when speaking of the salt springs, and who also had large holdings up on River St. Clair. George M\eldrum, the ancestor of the numerous Meldrum families of the lake shore district, was a Scotchman, but he and his descendants have intermarried, like the Thomas family, with the French descendants, until the idea that the Meldrums are not purely of French descent is a, novel one, perhaps, even to members of that family. Throu-gh their tenants Meldrum and Park had extensively improved these tracts and even as early as 1804 had upwards of one hundred acres enclosed and cultivated. Among those living on these tracts as tenants of Meldrum and Park were Antoine N. Petit; Antoine Provost; Francois Dupre; Louis, Gabriel and Ignace Thibauilt and Baptiste Letourneau. Salt River district was evidently early occlupied, since it appears that Dupre as early as 1795 had built a house and also a workshop and had a garden enclosed and seeded, and also some six acres cleared and fenced; that these buildings were destroyed by fire about 1800, at which time Joseph Robertjean went and saved the hides that were in vats at the tannery there. In the unsuccessful attempt to prove the claim of Israel Ruland to a tract on Salt River it appears that when Jean B. Nantay went onto the claim as employee of Ruland in 1797, he found old houses that had been abandoned, and then built new ones and cleared four acres. This somewhat lengthy and perhaps tiresome account of the settlement of the lake and river shores will serve at least to make one realize the primitiveness of the life and the hardships and poverty endured by the first comers, and furnish the names of many but not all of those pioneers. It must be taken as an inadequate tribute to the sturdiness, honesty. energy and geniality of the old French pioneer to whose efforts are due the settlement and early progress of our country. Many are the traditions and stories of adventure that the older inhabitants have told and retold that illustrate the hardships of the early day and the strength and vigor born of those hardships; of the lack of resources and of the ingenuity called forth thereby; of the skill and bravery displayed in hunting and fishing and of the plenteous rewards they brought. It is the testimony of the older storekeepers of Mount Clemens that more liberal buyers or better customers could not be found than the average farmer along the lake shore, whose proudest boast was of his French descent. The early wayfarer among these people, be he either friend or stranger, found the latchstring ever out, and awaiting him.within a hearty and genuine welcome to the best entertainmlent the house and table afforded. So universally true was this that "French hospitality" has come to be proverbial as meaning that which makes even the plainest fare seem most savory and enjoyable, and without which the most delicate and richest banquet is mere meaningless formality. If our typical lake-shore resident viewed in the light of our present strenuous life by the aggressive, grasping American eye seems sometimes lacking in progressiveness, let it be recalled also that lie has ever lacked avarice: if he has not as a rule accumulated wealth he has found the more frequently the things of life that are better than wealth-content and good fellowship with his neighbors. CHAPTER IV. MORAVIAN VILLAGE. CONNER FAMILY. One of the most interesting and pathetic incidents connected with the history of our county was the settlement of the Moravians on the spot where afterward Frederick was located, and the struggles of the pious and zealous Indian missionaries in their efforts to gain a permanent foothold among the Chippewas, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 565 who then possessed that country. Although aside from the fact that it resulted in the settlelment of the Conners, who played so prominent a part in the history of our county, the Moravian settlement left few permanent traces, yet more than a passing notice should be given to the efforts of this noble band, than whom no more Christian, law-abiding and thrifty community ever existed. The Moravians or United Brethren had their origin in Moravia, and were an offshoot of the Greek church, tracing their origin back of the reformation to the time of John lluss. Early in the eighteenth century they were expelled from Bohemia and Mloravia, and permitted to locate upon one of the estates of one of the Saxon nobility, Count von Zinzendorf. Ile devoted his entire property and energies to the spread of his faith, with the result that he himself was banished from Saxony, and in 1741 camne to America and established the MAoravian church at Bethlehem, Pa., which has ever since been the chief seat of the church. No Christian church, not even the Roman Catholic, has been mIore distinguished for zealous Imiissionary spirit than has the Moravian, and many were the inissions established through the wilderness during the latter half of the eighteenth century. Amnlong these were miissions on the:Iiuskinlmli in Ohio, at whose head was the Rev. David Zeisberger, who becalme the founder of our settlement. Ile is described as a man of smallll figure, but well:proportioned(, with a pleasing, cheerful face, which had been seamed by endless care and the exposures of his long life amllong the savages. 1His constant intercourse -with the Indians had g(ivenl hill great inlflueince alamong them, and his caution and taciturnity and devotion to the Inidian cause eiiabled himi at one tile to prevent the alliance of the Delaware Indians with the British during the Revolutionary War, an alliance which if carried out would have been serious if not fatal to the American cause. The Moravians were by the British constantly suspected of being American sylmpathizers, and as a result the British and their Indiann allies constantly persecuted the peace-loving conmmuninities. Misled by untruthful reports, the British commandant at Detroit issued an order to break up the Moravian towns in Ohio, and to scatter the Christian Indians, and bring their chiefs or their scalps to Detroit. Prominent in carrying out this order was Simon Girty, who has been pronounced as pre-eminent among "all the vile, coarse, inhuman monsters developed in border warfare." In September, 1781, the mission aries, with their families and Christian Indians, were compelled to leave their homes of happiness and peace and, escorted by a guard of Delaware and Wyandotte Indians, wAere brought to the Sandusky River, where they were deserted in the midst of a wilderness without provisions, and scantily clothed. The following Imonth these teachers were sent for by the Detroit commandant, and were kept in Detroit for soime time. Here they were kindly treated, and but for the thoughts of the unhappy condition of their families and converts left behind on the Sandusky, might have rejoiced in their new situation. Being examined by the commandant, Major DePeyster, and the charges against them being withdrawn, they were acquitted. From this time one no stronger or more efficient friend of the Mioravians could be found than Major DePeyster. Ile declared that he would feel great satisfaction and pleasure in aiding their endeavors to civilize and Christianize the Indians; promised them clothing and other necessary articles, and granted them free permission to return to their congregations. They were made the recipients of miany kindnesses from the inhaibtants of Ietroit and considerable of their property, which had been taken from theni, was restored. They reached their families and converts Noveimber 22, 1781, and telmporary quarters, which afforded insufficient protection froml the weather, enabled them to pass the winter at Sandusky, although mluch suffering and sickness occurred. In March, 1782, MaIajor DePeyster ordered them to return to Detroit in order to save their lives, the Indians, instigated by Girty. having ga ain commenced n a systematic persecution. At Detroit they were offered an opportunity either to remain in Detroit or to be returned to Bethleheml. It was also suggested to them to establish a mission on the Huron (Clinton) River, and Major DePeyster secured permission front the Chippewas for them to settle there. As a result we find that on July 20, 1782, four of the Moravian Brethren and nineteen of the Indian converts started for the new home in a sail boat, and on the evening of the next day located on the low bluff on the south side of the Clinton River, almost exactly where the present home of Isaac Williams on section 15, P. C. 137, of Clinton, now stands. No doubt one of the things which caused this particular spot to be selected was the bountiful supply of spring water found in this bluff, springs which to this day afford refreshment to man and 566 566 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB3 COUNTY beast. This party was made lip of Zeisberger and John G. Jungnnani, with their wives Williami Edwards and MAiehael Youngr, and four Indian families. The spot selected was evidently the site of an old Indian town, since mnany ''corn holes'' and other indications were found. Tents were pitehed and religious services held the same evening. In a few days huts were erected, whi eh in a short timie beeamne substantial cabins. Two rows were bu,,ilt, one on each side of a street four rods -wide each lot haxving- a front of about fifty feet. A rude chapel was built and first occupied on.Novemnber_, 5th of that year. Etradditional brethireni from -Detroit adtile Ohio dlistrict,,and manv of tlieir foi me iIndian converts, gathered It this place, which was given the nlwaia of Ganadenhuitt ii (ftents of grace), a favorite i~name of tile Mlorav ianis In Mloravian histor x thic Iplace is usually referred to as New (Ganadenilutten, to distinguislh it fromn other pla es in Ohio anid Pennsvlva iai, which had ibeen oiven- this name. The increase 'by the einio~ration of the Christian Delawares aiid by birth lund a. few converts iiadle amnong the tichicoan Indians -was suchi that toward the close of 17815 there were probably somnethino" lken 1 3 oi 14() members of the colony. DePex\ sfte hakd slipplied them with unutsual liber - alitv until they themselves had been able to harve cst suftiien mt to provide themselves with all nec essairy pr ovisions. Hunting and fishing in tevIn x ieitv of the villagve were excellent and the second. suinnuter enabled them to raise quite substantial ha rvests. Sug4nar inakiiig was un1der tmk 11 in its s(eason a-nd the Indianis made caoIes( 5 a skets, broo0011s, bowls, ladles and other similar articles, for wxhich a ready market was found in iDetroit, the mwerhants of Detroit Ibeinig very liberal anrd ready to deal upon favorable termns. The Indians also boiled out sontic exceiletit salt from salt licks in the neig-hborhood. Tile winter- of 1783-4 was terribly severe, the 01(1 settlers in IDetroit telling) the Moravians that they had never seen the sno0w s0 dccl)', being five feet on the level. This, together wit I a partial failure of the corn crop the preceding year, caused great suffering, amnong the Mloravians, and had it not lbcen for the work of the Indians, who killed mnany deer, starvation would have sta iredl themi in the f ace. The colony received the encourag( emifent and assistance of the successive commandants at Detroit-MXajor DePeyster, Johii Hay and Major Ancrum. They, however, succeeded in making- very little impression upon the surrounding Chippewa Indians, althougoh friendly relations wecre maintained a.r- remlarkable thing for a piom eer town. When the Chippewas learned the war hakd ended they Immedatelv beg~an claiminic that the MXoravianls were to remnain. there only until the close of the war, and to suiooest the removal of the niissioii. The -Moi av ians however, were able to obtain anl extension (If th ii sta ~xfor another year, aiid in the meantime beo'mCn to coilsidrwapon they should emioiirate to. Ii esitating about putti ug in 'n I IIV hro(e 'mount (of crops inl the suinmer of 1785, for- fear that they w'ouili not receive the Ib niefit of theil upon their remioval, they w tr assured by.Manor Ancrum and John Askin that a sale would be found for anyv prodlucts that they desired to sell in the springlo. ihey lplt in1 their crops, and continiedl their work to the last, and after livingi abimndance (luring the winvter of 1785-6, they found them aselves with sufficient, wares and crop:s onl hand, which, when purchamsed by Ancriii1m, amid Askin, as they had pmromnised, left the iMloraviaims not omlly with enon(4i to pay their debts, but with acomfortable bamlanlce for future use. On Thmirsday, April 20, 1786, final religrious; services were held iii the cheapel. and, loading the, canoes, they sorrowfully p~addled (lown the river and lake to Detiroit, where two sailing vess~els Were furnished tin m by A skinl, in which they ilroceedied to ( uyahloga; River, onl whose banks they remauned for a, short tiiiie and afterwards procecdcd to Chathani, Can. Their imuprovemneits onl the, Clin1ton River were purchased by Major Aiicruim and John Askin for the sum of $450, andi by Askiii's influenice they also obtained sales at good prices for their cano~es aiid other -wares. These improvements coiisisted of mtore tha~n twenty houses, w-ith m-alny outbuildin~gs, together with the cultivated land, w-hich was estimiated as forty acres, audi also it is, presumed the interest that the M~oravians had in the road which in 1785) was laid out ietw ccii the settlenlient and Detroit. This w as a straight road from New (ianadenhuitten to Trel(mule 's iiill on Coinncr's Creek (then Tn mhl(b 's Creek), audi was the first wagon road inmadd inl the interior of MA~ichig-an, and describded in the Mloravican `ouiriial as ''twenty-three miiles and a half f roni our town to Detroit, straigPht through the bush." These purchases Imy Askiii aiid Ancrunm led later to a, controversy between thicir" grantees aiid the Conner family for the title of the land on which the MANoravian settleimient had beeii locatedi, the details of which. will be touched upon. later. The only famlily of the Mi~oravian settlement PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 567 who did n-ot leave in the spring of 1786 was the Richard Conner family, who either because of his increasing age or because, as has been sometimes reported, some of his children were still Indian captives, or possibly from mlere affection for th home he he had started in the wilderness, declined to accoimpany his white lbrethren, and remllaine d among the Indianss, who afterwards proved such friends of his family. Richard Conner was one of two brothlers who escaped from Ireland about 1744, when little more than a mere boy. By his energy, industry acnd perseverance, he had acquired at Painsville, Ohio, what in those days was considered quite a property. In his lbusiness, tradinlg with the Indians, he had learned that a white girl was a prisoner among their tribe, the Shawnees, and after negotiations, secured the purchase of her from the Inldians for $200. 'This girl, Miss Myers, had b)een captulred when about four years old on tlle Mo[nonlgahela River in IMarvyland, and bl:riougt up among the Indians as their slave. Tradlitiiol has it that a part of the agreement for her sale was that their oldest child should be allowned to become a memb:ler of the Indian tribe, and that as a consequence Jamnes (Coniier, when a year old, was adopted by the Indian chief and brought up among1 the tribe, whose life he learned to love, and Awhose hablits be largely adopted. It vwas w-ith difficulty that then parents afterward succeeded iln persuadimg the chief to give up the child and with equal difficulty that they reconciled the child to the -whlite m1an's life. Indeed durcin all of lis life Jamies Colnner seemls to have found Indian ways quite if not more congenial than: were those of his more civilized brothers. It was \while seekilng this son aillong the Indians that Richard Conner and his wife became interested in the Moravian mnission aIt SchonIbrni, and, being attracted by their simple life and the religious atmosphere about the missioln thev east their fortunes with theml in about 1775. or, as some g'ive it, 1778. They were wxitl tlheml at the time when in 1781 they were subjected to the forced march to San(dusky River under the direction of Girty, and suffered in colmmonl with the rest of the Moravians the hardships and outrages of that disgraceful chapter o(f our history. It is probable. then, that their children were scattered aillolg the Indians, for it is certain that for a lonllg time, even after they calme to New Ga-nadenhuttein, they were engaged iln efforts to recover their children and finally succeeded in one by one procuring their ransom from the Indians through the efforts of the Moravian converts. It is rather difficult to determine the exact day when the Conners reached the Clinton River, but it is probable that they came in 1783, as about that time sonme of the young mlen fromL the Ohio mnission visited the mission here and, reporting their comfortable circumstances, some forty-three of the additional memnbers came on. On December 16th of 1783 there was born to IMr. Conner and his wife their youngest child and only daughter, Susanna, afterwards the wife of Elisha Ilarrington, who five days later was baptized at the Moraviain mission. She was probably the first child born in this country, both of whose parents spoke the English language. Among the Iforavian records it appealrs that in the spring of 1783 "some Indian brethren went to the imouth of the river to help block out his house for a white inan, \who wishes to settle there, and1 invited them." This was undoubtedly Willilam Tc'llker in Hlarrison. Richard Conner's hotme in the MIoravian settlement was not included in the purchase from the Moravians to Askin and Ancrum,, and he continued to live there until his death, April 17, 1808. Ilis four sonls, Jales, John, -William and Hlenry, were each awarded private claims, on the strength of their father's possession. Claim No. 138, which included portions of the Butler, Trufant and Nunneley farms, was awarded to the widow and heirs of Richard Conner, and the claim lying next west thereof, 628, was awarded to MIargoaret Conner, the widow of Richard Conner. This claim is described as bounded in front by a simall creek cominionly known as "Big Run."? This must have been what was afterwards known as Itarrilngton's Creek. Claim 546, lyingo north of the mlain river and west of the north branch, was awarded to lI enry Conner. This included the )Duckwitz, Schultz, Wolf an d D)evantier farms and ran along the south branch around the farm now owned by Diener. In December, 1808, seven or eight acres were cultivated and a dwelling' and stillhouse were erected on the preimsises. North of this claim and west of the north branch, and including the Little, Coulon, C. Dittrick and Dunhami farms, claim 610 was awarded to John Conner. In January, 1809, about four acres had been cultivated, inclosed and a grist nill erected on this place. Across the river and including the Hacker, Rowley and Little farmsl claim numbered 136 was awarded to James Conner, the oldest son of Richard Conner. This was the claim to which, after the war of 1812, James returned. Ile held this farm until about 1835, when he sold it to Little in part and in part to Welts. 568 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Henry Conner, the youngest son of Richard Conner, proved to be one of the most influential men among the Indians in this section and was for years Indian paymaster. He has been described as a man of great strength, being six feet four inches tall, a large frame and straight, athletic figure. It was after him that the creek now known as Conner's Creek is now named, and on its bank he built a large home, then recognized as the largest house outside of Detroit. Ile married Therese, the sister of Gazet Tremble, of Milk River Point. He was a personal friend and confidential adviser of General Cass. His oldest son was John H. Conner, for many years a prominent merchant in Mount Clemens, familiarly spoken of as Jack Conner. Of him and his wife, Josephine, there are several descendants still living in this locality. Two other sons of Henry Conner, William and Andrew Conner, were employees of the American Fur Comlpany, and died in the West. Another son, Benjamin, died within the past few years in Lake Superior country. M:rs. Margaret Thelen, Mrs. Theresa Handley, and Mrs. Sarah (William) Chapaton of Detroit were daughters. Susanna, the daughter of Richard Conner, whose birth is mentioned above, lived most of her life at or near Frederick, and died there in 1848. Her husband, Elisha IIarrington, was appointed justice of the peace upon the organization of the county, January 20, 1818, and a few months later appointed one of the associate judges of the county court. They were the parents of Henry Harrington (born 1809 and died at the Clinton homestead in 1874), for a great many years one of the prominent farmers of the locality. Mrs. William S. Donaldson of Mount Clemens is a grandchild. Henry Ilarrington, Jr., who until within a few years was a resident of Clinton, and John Harrington, who died at MIount Clemens about 1877, were also grandchildren. The territory occupied by the Moravian settlemeent was included in private claim No. 137, claim for which was filed on behalf of the widow and heirs of Richard Conner by James Conner, administrator. Only formal proofs of possession and improvement were put in by the testimony of Batiste Comparet, Jr., and Augustin Langdon. This claimri was bounded on one side by "Old Meridian Road," referring undoubtedly to the Moravian Road. Major Ancruin also put in a claim to the same territory under his purchase from the Moravians. The interest of John Askin had been sold to Isaac Todd and James McGill, and considerable testimony was taken in connec tion with their claims. Williani Dowler swore that in 1786 he rented part of this tract from Mr. Askin and for two years cultivated about sixteen acres. That he left it in possession of John Cornwall, Askin's agent; that more than forty acres were under cultivation by different tenants of Askin. Christian Clemens swore that Wittaness, the Indian chief, and his band were living in the houses of the MAoravian town in 1799 and continued to for five or six years; that at the same time Richard Conner was living on the lower part of the town, having a dwelling house, a barn and some ten or twelve acres under cultivation; that he continued to live there until his death, since which time his widow and heirs have occupied the same. Jacques Lozon, whose name we have already seen in connection with claim 604, swore that he recalled the time when the AMoravians with their Delaware Indians were living on the premises; that Wittaness had lived in the village and cultivated the land in anid near the same for many years prior to and several years after July, 1796. That Wittaness informed witness of Mr. Askin's ownership of the land; that in about 1795 one AlMNiff, a surveyor, canie up the river with his interpreter, Sanaserainte, and told the witness that they were going to survey the land, by MIr. Askin's order, which they did, being helped by the Indians; that some twenty or thirty acres were under cultivtion and inclosed in several spots, and that soime twenty or twenty-five cabins and houses were built thereon. The affidavit of John Askin, Sr., was offered in evidence, relating that at the time of the removal of the Moravian ministers, he purchased for himself and Anerum, their improvements, paying the Aloravian Ministers and the Moravian Indians each $200.00 and one John Bull $50.00 and that at the tinme the improvements consisted of more than twenty houses and mlany outbuildings: that for himself and Anerum he afterwards purchased of the Chippewa Indians, eleven of their principal chiefs signing the conveyance, the soil on which the improvements were made, paying the Indians a valuable consideration. He also claimed to have borne the expense of laying out the road to the Detroit settlement through the woods, being assisted somewhat by the Aloravianl Indians; that after the Moravians left, he and Ancrum employed Cornwall to go and take charge of the purchase and that Dolar, Alles, Weston and others were there as their tenants; upon their leaving he obtained Wittaness, a Chippewa chief, to act as PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 569 caretaker, who promised to hold and cultivate the property, and to prevent the encroachments thereon by others, and particularly by Richard Conner of whom Wittaness frequently complained. That Wittaness remained in possession until his death about 1804; that ten pounds per annum were paid to the Indians for their care of the property; that they had caused the lands to be surveyed at the expense of twenty-four pounds besides furnishing men and provisions; that he, Askin had sold his half of the land and inprovelments to Todd and McGill, then merchants residingl in 5Montreal for the sum of sixteen hundred pounds. New York currency. It appears that Askin andl his son with John Cornwall had( also obtained a grant froim the Chippewas of a strip twenty-four miles long by two lelaglles wide, one leagle on each side of the lMoravian Road. Judged at this distance and from the ineager resumll of the testimony it would seem that the Askin-Ancrum claim was far better sustained than that of the Richard Conner heirs, but the Indian deeds produced by Askin were probably a detriment rather than an assistance to him. It is likely, however, that the disfavor with which Askin was regarded by the Americans at that time had something' to do with the rejection of these claills of his grantees. A conspiracy affectingl Michigian was formled by Askin wlith his son, Richard Patterson, the Iiobertsons, lIc ANif', Rilland and several others who had been prollilent in Detroit under the British regime, and who remaining faithful to the English had retired across the river, taking1 lup their residence chiefly at Malden, now Amlherstbiur. They planned to seculre control of the territory by obta iinin the purchase of all the laind(. and desired to imlpress upon the minds of Congressmenl that no reliance could be placed upon peaceful disposition of the Indians, aind that these forller D)etroit merchants were tle only persons who could control them. Just how- far the above named parties were involved in the plan, it is of course impossible to determine, but a. company of which the two Askins, William and David Robertson were memlbers, was organized with proposed stock of forty-one shares. A large number of these shares were turned over to one Allen of Vermlont and one Randall of Philadelphia to le usetd with the members of Congress really as bribes. Several of the Congressmzen were applied to, and finally exposed the conspiracy on the floor of the house. The belief that would naturally arise that probably the attempted purchase of the Moravian tract, together with the efforts to obtain Indian deeds for so much of the surrounding country, were probably a part of the working out of this conspiracy, may possibly have prejudiced the commissioners in considering these claims. Probably connected at least tentatively with this scheme was another purchase from the Indians which if it had been recognized, would have affected a large portion of this county. In February, 1797, an agreement was signed by six of the Chippewa chiefs by their totems and by James May, Patrick McNiff and Jacob IIarson. By this, the Indians gave to May and his associates, land lying on the northwest side of Lake St. Clair, commencing at a stake and stones at the Bank of the lake seventy chains east of the mouth of Swan Creek; running thence northwesterly by a line of marked trees a distalnce of twenty-five miles; thence west by a line of marked trees until six miles west of all the forks of the North Branch of the River lHuron; thence southwesterly by a line of mIarked trees keeping six miles from said north branch until it initersects the line run due west from said North Branch, which line is the northerly boundary of a tract of land granted to John Askin and others; thence east on said line to the North Branch: thence easterly on the line of marked trees to the southwest corner of Benack tract; thence north(easterly on the line of marked trees on said Be lnackl tracet, to the rear of a small tract;'ranted to 11 enry Tu'cker; thence east to Lake St. C lai; thelnce north and easterly alongo the Lake to the p:lace of beginning. It is of course now imllpossibhle to determline exactly what portion of the conity would be covered by this, blut it is evident that a large part of the north part of the county would have been claimed. At the same time May and his associates gave back to the Indians an agreement to pay to the chiefs or any three of them the sum of ()e IHiundred Dollars or its equivalent in clothing or other necessaries yearly for a period of ten years conmmencing with the year 1800. "Provided the said tract and every part thereof be confirmed to us by and under the (Govermnment of the United States." They also promised to deliver to the Indians "every year for thirty years, a half bushel of Indian corn for every farm of two hundred acres that may be improved on said tract, and every year from thence forward to the full term of 960 years, one quart of corn for every such farm that may be on said tract, should the same be lawfully demanded." The policy of the Amercian Government of refusing to recognize the Indian deeds as of any validity, together with 570 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the exposure of their plans in Congress, resulted in the complete failure of the scheme, which, if it had been successful, would probably have resulted in the whole northwest having relmained a British province, or at least in causing a long delay in the Americanizing of Michigan, so that it mlight become the prosperous American state it did. After the foregoing material had been prepared, the writer was, through the kindness of Ilenry II. Steevens given access to material prepared by him touching the Moravian settlement, and some original documents in his possession. This material confirmed the facts setforth in the foregoing statement of the loravian settlement, which was largely based upon an article prepared by Henry A. Ford and published in the Ietroit Tribune some twenty years ago. M\r. Steevens also kindly allowed the writer to use for publication in connection with this HIistor a copy of a letter written by the Moravian issionaries to Major Ancrum, the original of which is in the possession of C. M:. Burton of Detroit. If the same has been published before, the writer is unable to ascertain that fact. The letter is of particular interest as showing the situation of the Moravians, their relations with the Indians hereabout, their claims to the improvements, but not in the land on which they were located. and as well the general spirit of meekness and Igoocd will which pervaded all of their actions. The letter is here set forth verbatim and was addressed to William Ancrum, Major. ComiandanMt, etc., at Detroit. s.ir: i River Ituron. Febrv. 26th, 178u. Sir: It may not be unknown to you, that we the Missionaries, lnow I iving on the River Huron were towards the End of the last War taken and carried with the Christian Indians belonging to Us to Sandusky. We were fromi thence called into Detroit, where in a Councill, the Warriors present, our cause was tried, and We honourably acquitted, after which, Major, now Col. DePeyster furnished us with Necessary's and a pass to return and Live with our Indians in Peace, blnt finding soon after that our Life was in Danger, he in the Spring following sent for Us to come into Detroit. We lived formerly on the River Muskingumn, where we had for Years together enjoyed Peace on all sides. We had Three large Villages, and thro Industry our Indians were so far advanced, that they hardly knew or remelmbered of anything they wanted. Large and cornpleat dwelling Houses, with furniture; a great Number of Horses; upwards of 200 Cattle; besides some hundreds of IHogg's, with the Corn on the Ground ripe for Harvest, amounting at a moderate computation to 5000 bushel, were either Destroyed there, or afterwards lost. A few Days after our arrival at Detroit, Col. De Peyster consulted our welfare, and wished with Us, to see Us settled with our Indians again, that they might further be Instructed in the Gospel way. Ile first proposed to ITs, to return over the Lake to where our Indians was, and promised every assistance in his Power, but we being too sensible, that the same People who were the cause of our Destruction were still residing among the Indians, and of whom we had good reason to believe, wished rather the Indians might remain as they was, than to be converted or civilised, would always be ready to do Us any Mischieff which lay in their Power. The Col. believing the Aprehention we were under not to be groundless, proposed next: That We and our Indians should settle down the River, either on an Island, or any other place which might suit Us best, but as objections were made, the Island being to heavy Timbered, and the War path passing by the other places, he at length consulted the Chibbuway Chieffs, and it was agreed upon between them, that We might Live on their land on this River untill Peace should be made, then to return again wherever we chose. Ile then sent Speeches to our Indians, at and about the Shawnee Towns to invite them in, and after the arrival of the first, informed them of the whole matter. We then accordingly went with those Indians in search of a place, and pitched upon the spot We now live on, which was an entire Wilderness. We began the Work on our Improvement the 26th July, 1782, and have continued so untill the present Day, in which titme we, with our Indians, have built a small Village consisting of 27 log HIouses, besides some Stables, out Cellars, and smaller Buildings. We have cleared Lands in different places about the Village, made fences ect: so that it appears to Us to be a Valuable Ihnprovemlent at which, if it suited our Destination, we coulld now live contentedly and more at ease. But we, being sent by the Bishops of our Church to reside near the Dellaware Natiol, to continue to Instruct them in the (ospel, as We had( done this Thirty Years past, finding this not to be the proper place, that Nation being so far distant, and they not inclined to chlanige a good hunting ground for a worse, neither, that the one half of the Indians belonging to Us have jet on this present Day joined Us on this very account. And moreover, We having found, that PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 57I the Cihibbaways become more and more Uneasy' that We stay here so long on their Land after the Peace. And that our Indians, whoom they call expert Iunters, destroy all their (-allle. We therefore, have at lengoth resolved to,'o to our formler place, ald for that purposte aquaint You of it. But at the same time We beg leave to ask a favour of You, which is: to sell our Improvemelnt. We do not speak of selling the landl. rThe Chibbaways have frequently told Its that it belonged to them, and to mnobody else. We only mention the Imlprovement, in which a vast of Labour is sunk. Wee undierlstlaid, that a number of French intend to take possession of our Houses and Lab)lour, withoutt 'giving us the least satisfaction, buit we believe it to be far fromi the a)pIrobation of a (Colillandilng Ofieer to see Us served in such a manner. We rather believe that You will direct lmatters so that Jilstiee iay h)e (lone 1 s in that respeet. Andll e are perslialdedl, coul l(you bu t take a view of this our Ilprovement, You would redily acknowledge, thalt we justly deserve solethinl for it. We therefore most lnmbly present this Petition to Vou, confident of reeeiving from You a favourable Answer. We lbe yet to menltion thalt Necessity presses 1ls greatlIy to suelch a request, for it is hard to begin a(gain with empty hand. Writtenl and signecd by Sir Your imost Obedt and Ilunm) Servants )Av. ZEISBERGER JOH N II EC KENWA:)EDER \W u11AiA TI EI I)ARDS and in behalf of (GE(i GE YO)UNGMAN ( GOTTrLOB LENSEMAN (AIIC1uAEL YTOUNG, absent. and in the Name of the Christian Indians with lTs. the product of the distillery to justify John Brooks in building one near the present site of Fluemer 's grist mill. The country included in the present limits of Mt. Clemens was like all the rest in the neighborhood along the river and lake, squatted upon by parties who either themselves, or by their grantees, afterwards claimed title before the American Commissioners, and like the private claims along the lake, the most reliable and definite information concerning the earlier ilmproveirents must be obtained froml the testimolly put in before the Coinmissioners. As private claims No. 141 and 139, 541, 173 and 542 covered the main part of what is now Mlt. Clemens, a detailed statement of these p)roofs may prove interesting. Number 141 which covers the part of the City lyvinig between a line drawn at right ang(les with the river ahlout where the Avery Annex and the Original Bath HIouse now stand and North Avenue aid running' as far south as the point on the river a little north of where Terry street would strike the samle and runningil' as far north as the north line of the Kerner farim on the North Branch Road, was presented and elaimed by Christian Clemens as the assignee of John and Richard Conner, two sons of the Richarc Conner who came to Frederick \with the teIoravians. The claim as presented(, was described as "Be'Linniln at the high bank of said river at a blazed bl ick oak, and runninn g down- the said river w\ithl the meanders thereof to a snmall run or ilarsh that elptilties into said river, the distance not exactly klnown, but suI)posed to be about 14 acres or arpents, French measure; thence running frolm the mouth of this small run or marsh a north course 40 acres or arpents; thence running in a direct course across so as to intersect a line rluning' northwest fromn the place of beginning at a distance of 40 acres or arpents from said black oak. The whole tract containing about 500 acres superficial ineasure. It is bounded in front by River IHuron, in rear by unlocated lands; on one side by lands claimed by Henry Conner and on the other side by lands now claimed by James Abbott, Esquire. " The blazed black oak referred to above stood on the high bank on the land now owned by Joseph Noeker Estate, lying next south of the Mt. Clemens Brewery plant and the line as finally surveyed ran northwesterly from there, crossing Gratiot about where the New National Hotel now stands, and crossing Cass, angling from the Eastman property to the Clementine Bath touse and continuing CiIAPl T'EIlR V. EARLY M T. CLEMENS. It is commonlly accep)ted that in aIout 1795, Christiaii Clemens, lwhile with a surveying party 11under Lewis Cass (afterwards (overnor and Senator) reachled the site of this village. The loceality evidently attracted Mr. Clemens' attention, for somle tihme later, and probably about 1799, he returned here and found at that time some evidences of the country hereabout beinl( ocupIied an(d cultivated. As early as 1797, sufficient dlemnand was had for 572 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY on the same line until North avenue is struck about opposite the property now owned by Mrs. Hitchcock. From here the line ran directly north up to what is now North avenue. Batiste Comparet, Jr. was sworn as a witness and testified that one John Conner was in possession of this claim before July 1st, 1796, and had improved the premises. In 1797 or 1798, he permitted Nathan Williams and Jared Brooks to build a still house on the premises; and that in the year 1801 John and Richard Connor sold to the claimant, who continued in possession and occupation until 1804 when Comparet left the River Huron district. The possession and occupancy of the premises by Mr. Clemens from 1804 on was proven by Joseph Robertjean. The still house above referred to is said to have been the first improvement made within the present limits of Mt. Clemens and was located on the bank of the river just below where Fluemer's grist mill now stands. It was built about 1797 and business was carried on there by Brooks until Clemens and Wisewell came and bought the property. Raw material for the distillery being scarce, Wisewell brought in a quantity of rye and distributed it among the settlers for seed, to be returned when the harvest was gathered. Some of this rye was sown by Edward Tucker, one of the sons of William Tucker. so frequently referred to in this history, and was the first crop of rye raised in the county. Clemens soon after purchased the interest of Mr. Wisewell and carried on the business. This distillery was afterwards nmoved by MAlr. Clenens to the lot now occupied by the homestead of George M. Crocker, and later to the right bank of the river nearly opposite the place where it was first located. The ownership and operation of this enterprise gave iMt. Clemens the name among the Indians of "whiskey nene " (Whiskey Maker). The tract lying next west and up the river from Private Claim No. 141 just traced, was confirmed to Ienry Connor as private claim No. 139 and described in his filed claim as being 12 acres in front on the river and bounded on the west and rear sides by unlocated lands anid on the east by the lands of Christian Clemens. Proofs relative to this claim were taken on the day preceding the establishment of claim 141 and the witnesses sworn were Batiste Comiparet, Jr., Augustin Langdon and James Connor and from their testimony, it appears that on July 1st, 1796, this tract was in the possession of one William Dawson, who sold to Richard Connor, who possessed the same until his death, but who always stated according to the testimony of James Connor, his son and administrator, that he had given it to his son, Henry Connor, who, according to the testimony of Langdon had been in possession and occupation for upwards of three years. This tract, which extended from the Clemens tract 141 westerly to the line of Smith street as the same now is in the city and ran from the river to the north line of the Kerner farm in section two of Clinton. The title to this tract soon after passed into the hands of Patterson, who received a deed of the same from the Government in 1812, and was for many years known as the Patterson tract. Some complications arose over the ownership of the property and it was not until the decree was entered in June, 1851, that Arthur J. Robertson of Inverness, Scotland, was in position to convey satisfactory title. Utndoubtedly this state of the land title, prevented the spread of the village and its development somewhat. A narrow strip of land lying next west of private claim 139 seems not to have been included in any of these land claims, as allowed, but in the description of private claim 541 lying next west, this narrow strip is spoken of as land claimed by Peter I)onman and also as land claimed by Tobias Newcomer. If either of these men ever occupied the land or claimed it, their claims were not pressed before the Commissioners of the land office. Private claim 541 was bounded on the east by a line runining back from the river which now marks the east line of the Cass avenue subdivision, Moross addition and Eldredge's second addition to the city, being one tier of lots east of Moross and Eldredge Avenues, and extended westerly to the HIacker farm or the present westerly city limits. The claim was presented by James Connor, the oldest son of Richard Connor, and Christian Clemens and was first taken up by the Commiissioners December 21st, 1808, when Ienry Connor was sworn and testified to the possession by John Chartion on July 1st, 1796, and to his remaining there for five years. Henry Tucker then took possession and continued until he sold the same to the claimants, "who have caused the same to be cultivated every year to this date; about six acres are cultivated, the house is built and an orchard planted thereon. " At a further hearing on February 1st, 1809, the deed of this tract from Henry Tucker to Christian Clemens was presented, the deed bearing date PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 573 Marlch 4, 1808, and the consideration named being $10.00.0 The part of Mt. Clemens lying east of the river was included in private claims No. 173 and 542, the line between which would strike the river very close to the Fulton Bend at a point fixed in the description of private claim 1730 "a button wood tree about one acre above a certain small creek that empties itself into the said river.'" Both of these tracts appear to have been first occupied and improved by Edward IHezell or Hazel wAho James Connor swore had improved the premises "a long time previous to July first, 1796."' Thle upper claim No. 542 was sold by Hazel to James Abbott, Esq., who in turn sold it to his son, also James Abbott, who sold to Christian Clemens in whose namle the claim was presented and to whom it was confilrmled. When the testimony was taken Dec. 21st, 1808, it appeared that twenty acres were cultivated and the house and stables built on the premises. The lower claimi No. 173 was in possession of Hazel in 1796 and imlproved by cultivation and the house being built. Hazel raised two crops on the land, and afterwards sold the premises to Jaimles Abbott, father of the James Abbott in whose name the claim was presented and to whomi it was confirmed. It appeared by the testimony that Christian Clemens had for eight years cultivated and improved the premises as the tenant of James Abbott. A deed of this claim from Jamles Abbott, Sr., to his son was put in evidence in which the tract was described as follows: " situate on the south southeast side of River IHuron of Lake St. Clair, containing ten acres in breadth and eighty acres in depth, the said tract beginning at an otter pond and running up the said river a depth of ten acres." As the east line of this claiml as finally surveyed was the line between the Shoemaker and Reimold farms on the river road, it ims1st be that the otter pond referred to was the swale or setback through which was afterwards dulg the canal now forming the "new cut'" of the Clinton River. These five private clails covered the bulk of the territory now included in the limits of Mt. Clemens land while there were probably more imlprovements then (1808) on theml than might appear from this testimony. it is likely that they w ere little more than farlns, with small clearings and log cabins for the people and log shelter of a poor sort for the protection of the few cattle and horses, with a trail or at most a woods-road connecting them with each other. The river was probably depended upon for the usual way to and froml the farms to the outside world. The Moravian settlement, at Frederick, and the settlement down the river about the Tucker farm were both ahead of Mount Clemens in population and progress, while the nearest point for trading was at Detroit reached either by canoes down the river and lake, or by the old Moravian or Meridian Road running south from Frederick. The village progressed but very little until after the war of 1812. A log house stood at a point near the present pumping station of the Original Bath Company, another built by Mr. Clemens, stood on the corner of Front and Market streets where Ileine's store now stands and was occupied by Mr. Burns, then in the eaimploy of Mlr. Clemlens. Another log house stood across the river from the Fluermer grist llill and a second distillery had been built up the river about where Paganetti's lumber yard is now located. To get an idea of the village at the outireak of the wor of 1812 one must conceive of the place as set down in an unbroken forest antd mIade up of the half a dozen or more log buildings above referred to. Each with a smiall clearing above them and connected only )by a ranmbling road which ran along the high poiints, or where a way wsas found with the least obstruction. The main road was the one comling up the river on the north side and following the high banks of the river passed throuoh what is now the city and on to the Connor settlement at Frederick, not along the line of the present Shelby Road or Cass avelle, but meandering through and striking the river again probably somewhere near the present home of John P. Wilson. The Gratiot Tutrnp ike of course was still decades away and the Shelby Road still unthought of. There was probably also a road running down the river on the east side and striking the Detroit Road which was the nmain thoroughfare not only for this section but all the settlements up the lake and St. Clair River. The changes in the Lake Shore and as well the improvements in other roads have caused many modifications of this Lake Shore Road, but at this time it probably ran from Baltimore quite close to the shores of Anchor Bay and Tucker Bay and came up along the line between private claims 144 and 145, where now a long lane separates the farm of Morris Tucker and that of Louis Jobse until it strikes the river road. Follow that up to a point above opposite the Reimold Farm where the River was crossed by ford or boat and the present angling road along the sand ridge past the town hall of Harrison and 574 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the home of David Tucker, was used to reach the road on the shore of the Lake again from which point the Lake was again closely followed until Milk River Point was reached. During the war of 1812, most of the English speaking settlers were compelled at one time or another to take refuge in the Fort at Detroit to save themselves from the assaults of the Indians. Melmbers of the Tucker family were usually exempt from these raids and also the Connor family as were a large number of the French settlers, whom the Indians regarded rather as allies than as supporters of the American Government. After the close of the war, Mr. Clemens and his family returned to Mt. Clemens. Mr. IHarrington and his family to Frederick; Mr. John Connor and his family to his farm in Iarrison, now the Reimold farmr and the work of restoring the burned buildings was begun with all the energy early settlers are proverbially possessed of. From this time until about 1818 Mt. Clemens progressed as a country settlement without any organization, but until at least 1817 there were not many new American settlers. The place was frequently referred to as "the High Banks" or "Big Springs, " and it was not until the platting of the heart of the Village by Judge Clemens in 1818 that the town was formally given the name of Mt. Clemens. In 1818 there were about fifteen families in the Village. At this time, according to Gen. Stockton, there were about twenty families in the Moravian Village at which point a saw and grist mill had been erected before the war. Judge Clemens at this time, as for many years after, was the most active and influential resident of the District. It is probable that it was largely through his influence that Governor Cass acted favorably upon the petition for a new county and on January 15th, 1818, laid out Macomb County by proclamation as herein elsewhere detailed. By the same proclamation, William Brown, Henry J. Hunt and Conrad Ten Eyck were appointed commissioners for the purpose of examining the County and reporting to the Governor the most eligible site for a seat of justice. The shrewdness of Judge Clemens was again apparent when these Commissioners reported as the most favorable site, "The town of Mt. Clemens recently laid out upon the farm of Christian Clemens, Esquire," a point well in the southeast corner of the vast territory laid out for this County. Judge Clemens was not lacking in either liberality or energy, for it appears that he had already conveyed for the use of the County a plot of land selected by the Commissioners for a court house and county jail, and had given to the Treasurer of the County, his obligation for work, money and materials that mighht be required for the erection of a public building. The outcome of his efforts was a proclamation made by Governor Cass March 11th, 1818, establishing the town of Mt. Clemens as the seat of justice for the county of Macomb. The following month, April 8th, the County was divided into townships again by proclalmation of the Governor. All the part of the County lying south of a line drawn due west from Swan Creek was to form one township called Huron, and the part lying north of that line, to be known as St. Clair. May 5th of 1818 the sum of $400.00 was appropriated by the Governor, and Judges of the territory to aid in the erection of a court house and gaol for the County of Macomlb. "The town of Mt. Clemens recently laid out" by Christian Clemens was a town bounded by the river, Market street, Cherry street and the Patterson Tract above referred to, being a line running from ncear the foot of Terry street northwesterly to Cherry street directly back of the Fenton house. It will be seen this constituted the heart of the present city. It was made up of seven blocks besides the courthouse square and laid off in lots mostly of sixty by ninety feet. The Street now known as New Street does not appear on this plat and the street, so far as that portion of it within the limits of this original plat is concerned, became a street merely by use, and probably acquired its name from the fact that it was not platted but was in fact a new street. In it was built the first vessel built here, the "HIarriet" directly in front of Czizek's store, and the launching of the craft from this novel ship-yard called for the combined efforts of all the oxen and men of the entire vicinity and as well for the sacrifice of all the soft soap that all our grand-dames of the village had on hand. It was built in 1821 by Messrs. Funson and Russ and finally reached the river at the foot of Market street where the bridge is now. It was christened in honor of the oldest daughter of Judge Clemens and was first sailed by Captain Russ. It was poetically appropriate that this same schooner later brought up from Detroit on his first coming to Mount Clemens the future husband of Miss Clemens, Dr. George Lee. Captains HIayward and Atwood commanded this craft, which at one time sailed as far away from home as the Soo. While no formal platting of additions to the village appears of record after this until 1835, it is PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 575 not to be assumed that the village itself was so confined. Soon after the war of 1812 closed Joseph l1ayes, who had earlier come fromn G(enesee County, New York, settled where the Gratiot crosses the Clinton, on the south bank, and here he alnd others afterward platted Marcellus. With himll and his family also came Nicholas Bover, Nwho settled near the old Mtoravianl site. These two families had removed froml the St. (lair River to Detroit in order to escape the depredations of the Indians, and on their wax\y had passed through Mount Clemens, cainping all night in the distillery, then located on the north side of Market street between Wialnut anl Court (site of Mr. George C rocker's present residence). The capture of the Boyer children at Frederick in 1813 will serve as an illustration of the dangers of those early days. In October, Mrs. Boyer, being some distance from the house, noticed the Indians stealthily approaching and suspecting mischief froli their manners, concealed herself outside. The Indians on entering the house found -Mr. Boyer and the four children and a friendlyv Indian named Tick-ke-sho. After searching in vain for Mrs. Boyer, the Indians took all the others prisoners, except the oldest child, who lay dangerously sick. After soomde discussion reg(arding the disposition of the child the Indians went away leaving her, expecting that she would soon die. Mrs. Bover had gone in search of help and after the departure of the Indians the sick child manlaged to get into the woods and across the river. The hostile Indians at their first camping place had tied Tick-ke-sho to the tree and laid their plans to send one back in the morning to kill the girl, and then lay down and went to sleep. Tick-ke-sho managed to free himself, and, returning, traced the sick girl and carried her to her uncle, Michel Tremble. The shock and excitement apparently cured rather thain killed the child, as was expected, and she lived to become the wife of E. Campau of Springwells. Later the father and all of the childreni were rescued and ransomed from the Indians. Two of the children, a boy and girl, were taken up to the Saginaw region and their return was only procured by the shrewdness and craftiness of a trapper named Smith. The boy grew to be an aged man and lived near Swan Creek; and to the day of his death, it is said, the sight of an Indian would arouse uncontrollable fears. In October, 1817, Col. John Stockton, who had during the stay of the Clemens family won the heart and hand of Mary Allen, daughter of Mrs. Clemens by her former husband, came to Mount Clemens and for their accommodation a frame addition was built to the log house of Christian Clemens-the first framle structure in the new settlement. This stood facilng Front street about where now is the Ferrin hardware store. Col. Stockton was a man of more than average clerical and adlinlistrative ability, and served in many public positions, as will appear later. -Ie was the first postmlaster of the place, when the office was established in 1819. At this time there were about fifteen families in the village. In 1818 came Daniel LeRoy and William Thompson, both of whom, however, proved to be blut sojourners, as they removed to Pontiac, where they helped lay the foundation of the village there. During his stay Dr. Thompson built a log house near where Fluemer's grist Iill now stands, near the northeast corner of Front andl 5Market streets. Ezra B. Prescott, a lawyer froml New England, was here and presented his credentials July 14th, 1818, at the opening of the county court, but how long he tarried here does not appear. HIe built a house on the west side of Front street about where Miller's plumbing shop now stands, and there kept bachelor 's hall. ''The ladies of the village would sometimes intrude upon his premises, and always left declaring their high appreciation of his talents for housekeeping." In 1819 a square-timbered log court house was built by Captain Benjamin Woodworth on the square dedicated by Judge Clemens for that purpose in the center of the village. The lower story was fitted up for a jail by partitioning off a few cells with plank, where the unruly and criminal could be restrained. For years the upper story rendered triple service as court house, church and school room. The sum appropriated by the territory and the ordinary )public revenue proving insufficient for the purpose, authority was obtained from the governor and judges of the territory to spread an additional special tax for the purpose of completing the building. On Christmas eve in 1839 a prisoner from St. Clair county, charged with murder, was confined here; and, hoping to escape thereby, set fire to his jail. He cane near to furnishing his own funeral pile, for in the excitement the key to the jail could not be found, and it was only by the vigorous use of an axe that the door was battered open in time to save the prisoner. As will appear elsewhere, the new court house which gave way to the present one was built the following year, 1840. Thomas Ashley in 1820 came from Batavia, New York, and built a framed house on the 576 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY northwest corner of Front and Macomb streets, and there he kept a hotel, or, to use the better and more descriptive term, a "tavern." He had practiced law in New York and on July 11th, 1820, was admitted to practice here. lie purchased some twenty acres of land, where afterwards Ashley's Addition was located, and found sufficient occupation to satisfy his untiring industry in his three-fold capacity of lawyer, farmer and tavern keeper. Of Mr. Ashley and his family more will be said elsewhere. In 1820 there came Ezekiel Allen from Genesee county, New York, who built several of the early structures of the place, among them the frame store building which until some thirty years ago occupied the southwest corner of Gratiot and Cass avenues, a frame dwelling on the site of the present Slush building, occupied by the ''Smloke Shop?' and the telephone offices, and for himnself a tannery on the river bank between Macolmb and New streets, about where now sctands the Wilson block, and also a store on Front street on same lot. For a while he lived in a log house standing where Czizek's hardware store adorns the northwest corner of Court and New streets, but later in the building where his store was on Front street. Mount Clemens evidently enjoyed something like a "boom"' in 1820, for besides the ilmprovements already mentioned, Thomas Wattles, our first "village blacksnith,'" built him a place of business on Gratiot street about where now stands the Medea Bath House, and not long after he had a competitor in John Miller, who built a shop on the northeast corner of Macombl and Walnut streets (now Shotwell's drug store), and also built a house on the corner next west. That year, too, Ilenry Halsey built about where now is located the Mount Clemens Savings Bank a building intended for a pottery, which, however, was used for more spiritual purposes, being early used for religious purposes. Mlr. Halsey died in 1821 and his was the first body interred in the burial ground where now is Clemens Park. Prior to this the dead had been buried on lots lying north of New street, the exact location being uncertain, but either just west or east of Court street. There were but few ever buried there, and as early as 1858 all trace of the fact of their burial there had been obliterated. It was not regarded as a suitable place, and some discussion had arisen over it; and before the Halsey death Mr. Clemens, the Pooh-Bah of the village, had stated he would find a better spot when it again became necessary to make a grave. Accordingly Judge Clemens led the I-alsey funeral procession northward into what was then almost unbroken forest, and, pacing off a space that undoubtedly seemed to his companions liberal enough to provide for their dead for all time, thus designated the new cemetery. No other or further dedication was attempted or deemed necessary. The writer is unable to find whether this Henry Ialsey was any relation of the Silas Halsey who came about 1823 and built a tavern (Mount Clemens seemed to have had a call for extensive hotel accommn-odations even in those days) on the southwest corner of Court street and Macomnb street, where Jacobi keeps store today. Mr. Halsey was still one of Mount Clemens' tavern keepers as late as 1840 at least. lie married in 1825 Lucy Cady, a sister of Chancey and HIorace Cady and stepdaughter of Peter Atwood, all of whom will be found mentioned elsewhere. The building he used as a tavern was later moved back on the lot and faced onto Macoimb street, where is now the Citizens' Savings Bank building. It can still be remembered by many Mount Clemensites as the store, dwelling and photograph gallery of the Mintonyes. Mount Clemens' first merchant so far as known was Ellis Doty, who came from Chautauqua county, New York, and in 1822 built a house at the northwest corner of Front and Market streets and kept store in a cabin across Market street, where Hteine's store has been for years past. lip to this time provisions were brought from Detroit, usually in canoes. It is related that storekeeper Ellis bought his tea by the pound and sold it by the two ounces. Our forebears evidently had little means to waste on luxuries. Flour had been frequently brought up from Detroit by Fred Htoxie on his back and peddled out by himn in small quantities. A grist mill had been built at Frederick by a Tremble before the war of 1812, but it was frequently not in working order. Sometime after 1818, probably about 1826, Job C. Smith built another one there. Ague was very prevalent in the early days and in 1818 and 1819 the village was very sickly. Gen. Stockton related that at one time;,very man, woman and child in the place, himself alone excepted, was sick. Accordingly Dr. Chamberlain, who came in October, 1819, was i most welcome addition to the community. but neither he nor Dr. Thompson, our next physician, remained long. Dr. R. S. Rice was here from 1823 to 1827, when he removed to Detroit. Our first doctor who made his home here permanently was Dr. George Lee from PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 577 Ontario County, New York, who came in 1823. I-e married Harriet, the oldest daughter of Christian Clemens, and was for years one of the most prominent and successful of our physicians. In 1826, Dr. Henry Taylor, grandfather of our present Dr. (Harry F.) Taylor, who had a couple of years earlier cone from Cayuga Co., N. Y., to Rochester, Mich., came to this vicinity, but until 1829 had his headquarters with the Tuckers down the river, a community almost as populous as the village itself. He was a pioneer in the pedagogical as well as the medical profession and a large part of these three years were spent in teaching the youthful idea how to shoot. In 1829 he located at Mount Clemens, and from then until his death faithfully followed the practice of his chosen profession. Later came Dr. Philo Tilson, who built and lived in the old brick house on the corner of Clinton and East streets, long the home of 1Mrs. Josephine Connor, which has lately yielded to the machine shop of Phillips & McCreedh. He did not come until about 1835 and removed in 1858 to Romeo, where he died. Associated with Dr. Tilson was Dr. Alex Calmpbell, who during his short stay (1835-37) lived on the site of the Clifton House. He afterwards acquired a high standing and great success in his profession in New York state, where he went from here. His leaving was oeeasioned by the suspicions and indignation of the Indians. The boys attending school at the school house standing on the southwest corner of New and Cherry streets found buried in the hay in a neighboring barn the dead body of an Indian. The indignant natives for some reason fastened their suspicions on Dr. Campbell and that disciple of Aesculapius found it best by flight to escape the direful consequences that were threatened, and he wAas not seen here again for upwards of a quarter of a century. In 1823 a saddler by the name of William M\cDonald built on the lot, cornering on New and Walnut streets, where Posner's building now stands, and in it kept his shop and dwelling. Later he bought a farm on the North Branch Road in section 36 of Macomb, where he died in 1856. IIis son, Theodore 1McDonald, was for many years a resident of Mount Clemens and later and still of Ann Arbor. James II. McDonald, the well-known Detroit attorney, is a grandson. Nun Moe, a cooper by trade, came from Vermont and occupied a log cabin near the pres ent residence site of Mrs. Sanders, and on the bank of the river, a little further up, he built and ran a distillery, which was afterwards owned by Conner & Grey. He was probably a mere squatter, without title to the real estate. He went from here to Frederick, and later to Utica, where he became a land owner as early as 1829. Early there had been built on the corner of Front and Macomb, where now stands the Ullrich Savings Bank, a building which was used by William Canfield as a store and trading post with the Indians. This building was also later long used by Jerry Folsom as his store. Early, too, by solme one a log house was built on the southwest corner of Court and New streets, which the family of Oliver Chapaton's parents occupied when they first came to Mount Clemens in 1830. This is the site of the home of R. 0. Cooley, the merchant of a little later date, who built there the building that still stands. In 1825 Judge Clemens built a frame house on the same premises that his distillery had occupied, where now stands George M. Crocker 's home. The house was later moved and remodeled beyond recognition, and now stands on the northwest corner of North Gratiot and Welts streets. In 1828 Alfred Ashley built on the site of Fluemer's iMill the hostelry long and favorably known as the Phelps House, but at first spoken of as Ashley's Tavern, and the next year IHorace Cady built a story-and-a-half frame, which was painted red, the first part of what in later years was known as the Empire Iouse, on the corner of Court and Cass streets-the Sherman House corner. The Shelby Road was then a thing of the futurethe main travel westerly going by the River Road to Frederick, if the river itself was not utilized. Sometime prior to 1835 were also built two dwellings on the south side of Macolmb street between Walnut and Cherry streets, which were occupied by Robert P. Eldredge and James Williams. On Cass street besides those buildings already noted were the dwellings of Fletcher, where now stands the Clementine Bath House; of C. N. Mathers, the wagon maker (the first brick structure in the place) on the Fenton House site; of Theron Patterson, then mason, about where now stands the home of the late E. Wright Hall, next west of the T. W. Snook place; and the dwelling which stood on the site of the Olympia Bath House, occupied and probably built by Jeremiah Folsom, the merchant. 578 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY These last mentioned dwellings, together with the Empire House on the Gratiot corner and the store built by Allen, then occupied by Fletcher, were all the buildings on Cass in 1835. South of that street there were only a school on the high bank about where now the office of the Mlount Clemens Brewing Company and the Richard Butler home (after known as the Oliver louse), where is now the Medea Bath IHouse. Soon after, however, on South Gratiot, Aaron Weeks built what is now the Goldenbogen boarding house (No. 22); R. P. Eldredge his residence, where he died (No. 50); Capt. Sylvester Atwood a house, where now stands the New National hotel (long known as the Kimmeritz home, with large, square pillars to its porch); Frederick Hatch, the house long the Moser homestead, now the Florence Cottage (No. 53), and John J. Leonard, the lawyer, the house long used as the James Snook homestead, where the Fairview now stands (No. 43). About that time, too, Aaron Weeks built on the east side of South Gratiot, not far front Cass, a store building and later the Clinton HIouse on the corner with its second story running up over the store also. Prior to 1835 Dr. Lee had built the large, pretentious frame house on the southeast corner of Market and Walnut streets, a mansion in its day, the -main part of which still stands; and Dr. Taylor had built him a house on the river side of Front street just below New street. It is believed that mention has been made of all buildings, so far as they can be ascertained, put up in the village prior to the influx of population and the stirring times of the middle thirties. Mount Clemens had, perhaps, not its full share, yet a goodly share in the prosperity and boom that affected Michigan and all the northwest after the Erie Canal was opened, and in general "good times" that preceded the panics and financial disasters of 1837, and the years following. In 1835 the first addition to the original village of Mount Clemens was platted and recorded by Robert P. Eldredge. It included the land outside of Clemens' plat lying south of Cass street as far as and including his own residence and west of Gratiot nearly as far as South avenue. It is worthy of passing notice that the surveyor of the plat was William A. Burt of solar compass fame. It may not be strictly true to call this the first addition, since it is certain that Christian Clemens had caused the same lands included afterwards in Mullett's survey to be platted and a survey thereof to be made by A. E. Hlathon, a prominent surveyor of Detroit. Some lots were sold by this plat, but it was never put on record. In December, 1835, Clemens sold a tract of land, which included all of the lots afterwards platted in Mullett's survey of the village, to Rodney 0. Cooley, Edward Brooks and Enoch Jones, who the next year recorded their plat thereof made by John Mullett, also a prominent Detroit surveyor. The new proprietors, excepting Cooley, were Detroit men, and to Cooley fell the work of making the new real estate enterprise pay. For a while he did a lively real estate business and the little village fairly boomed. The plat included all of the present city lying east of North (Gratiot, west and north of the river, and the original Clemens plat, and also some eight blocks west of Gratiot, lying between Macomlb and Cherry streets, and the Ashley lands platted in 1845 as Ashley's Addition. Cooley had been a resident here for some time, it seems, as he was a land owner as early as 1833 and very early held county and local offices. HIe kept a general store on Front street not far south of New street on the river side, and did a thriving and paying business, as is evidenced by the size of his estate when he died in 1838, upwards of $38,000-a millionaire fortune for a backwoods town of those days. Green Freeman was for several years before his death associated with iMr. Cooley and became after his death, with Alfred Ashley, administrator of his estate. Cooley left no family here. Ice first lived on the northwest corner of Macomb and Front streets and later built the house that still stands on the southwest corner of Court and New streets, where he continued to live up to the time of his death. The date of its erection is uncertain, but as it was considered at that time the most pretentious house in the village, it was probably before the Lee house was built. The building o-f the glass factory in the middle '30s by Ilall and Grovier on the site of the pumping station of the Original Bath and Hotel Company, down the river, had rmuch to do with the boom in building that East street enjoyed in the next few years. On the north side of the street William Canfield. son-in-law of Judge Clemens, built on the east side of Mullett street (now Park avenue), while on the south side of East street the ( rovier home and others were put up, which later gave place to the present Aveiy ITousc. Soon after, in 1838, Dr. Ebenezer IIall, James Snook and William Beer built the rowf of houses in the block next east that have been known to us of later days as the Forster, Allen PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 579 and Wade places. Hall & Grovier first kept their stock of drugs and general wares in a small building near the foot of Market street, but later built a more pretentious building on the site of Donaldson Bros.' factory. This latter building proved something of a traveler before it landed on South (Gratiot avenue and furnished the basis of the dwelling long occupied by the Grovier family (No. 160), having stood at one time on the Jacobi corner and later where now is the Mount Clelmlens Savings Bank building. Mr. Alfred Ashley had before this time built the large house on the south side of Market street just west of Gratiot, which but a few years ago disappeared before the march of time, and about this time built the large house Imuch further up the street, on the same side, which was for a time the home of James Williams, and later for years of the L'Etourneau family (No. 133). William Ljewis early in 1835 bougoht the lot where now stands the county jail and soon built the house that stood there until the county purchased the lot in the '80s. Between Court and Front streets on the north side of Iaconmb. ab(out wxhere is now the gas company's office (No. 22), a small brick building furnished a home for the Macomb County 3Bank, whose president was Col. Stockton, and cashier, (harles Emlerson, and which later passed into the hands of the Tucker Bros., when Janmes G. Tucker (father of our present circuit judge) became cashier. Just west of the bank buildingl Jlames Brown, a romantic ant d Imysterious figure in the society of our little village, built a two-story building, with stores below and a hall above, the first public hall of the place (aside from the court house). here political meetillns, alnd, after the burning of the court house, church services were held. This man Brown was from the south, handsome, versatile and, in modern parlance, "a smiooth article." lie lmade himself notorious by horsewhipping the first editor, MIr. Avery of the Mlaconimb )Democrat, for some fallcied insult, and succeeded in so getting' himself talked about that he was somletimes reputed to have been a pirate. It was, at all events, when he hied hiimself hence to be seen and heard of no more, a great relief to the father and family of one of Mount Clelmens' fairest and lmost promlinent social young maidens, whose affections he had won by his fascinating manners and brilliant tongue. It was about 1835 that the old Leviathan Slo)ck (where are now the Meyer drlug-store and McSweeny place, Nos. 16 and 22 North Front street), was built by Aaron Whitney, Jr., and his brother, who for a short time were active nerchants here. Aaron was especially active in real estate dealings, but he returned east when the hard times came on and no famnily or relatives were left here by him. As early as this, too, there had been put up a small frame building on the northwest corner of Gratiot and Macolmb, where Robert F. Eastnman, who came in 1835, lived and kept store. About 1836 the opening of Frederick. and later the canal buildingl' there, caused a demand for better highway connections than the old ramblling river road (now obliterated entirely), and the Shelby Road was opened. The wild-cat times (as they were called most frequently) caused so mluch building and so ilany changes that it would be tiresome as well as useless to attempt to follow them all, and the detailed and personal method attempted so far in this history lmust be abandloned for a more statistical and hence dryer and less interesting method. MIarch 13, 1837, anl act was approved incorporating the village of Alount Cleimens-, authorizing the election of a president, recorder and six trustees. But the excitement and changes incident to the panic that struck the couitry at that time and the total prostration of enterprises that followed seems to have consumed all the energies and attracted all the attention of the people, and nothing seemed to have been done towards observing the ptrovisions of the act. In 1851, by an act approved April 4th, the village was againi illncorporated lndl froml that time until April, 1879, when the ci-ty organization was effected, the villaoe was in full operation. Amendiients to the act of village incorporation were made by the leoislatures of 1853, 1863, 1873 and 1875, the act of 1873 providing for increase in territory. A list of the village officers will prove interesting as furnishing a )partial list of the active citizens of the village and Imay have also a reference value. The presidents of the village were as follows: Daniel Lutes, 1851 Benjamin Robertson (father of (George W. of Cass avenue), 1852; Edward C. Gallup, 1853; John Stockton, 1854; John S. Parks, 1855: Eben W. Hall, 1856; Joshua B. Dickinson, 1857-8: Giles IHubbard 1859; W1mi. S. Robinson. 1860-1; Geo. B. Van Eps, 1862; John E. Van Eps, 1863; Joshua B. Dickinson, 1864; Oliver Chapaton, 1865; Judson S. Farrar, 1866: Thomas W. Snook, 1867; George B. Van Eps, 1868: Oliver Chapaton, 1869; T L. Sackett, 580 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1870; John II. Connor, 1871; Myron White, 1872; James B. Eldredge, 1873; Thomas M. Crocker, 1874-7; Charles S. Groesbeck, 1878. The various recorders of the village were: George Scott, 1851; Robert Thomson, 1852; John S. Fletcher, 1853; Joel C. McDonald, 1854; George Scott, 1855; Sam A. Fitch, 1856; John S. Fletcher, 1857; James B. Eldredge, 1858-9; Oliver Chapaton, 1860-2; Ira Stout, 1863-4; William S. Robinson, 1865-6; T. C. Bradford, 1867; William S. Robinson, 1868; T. J. West, 1869; W. S. Robinson, 1870; Myron White, 1871; Charles S. Groesbeck, 1872; James M. Heath, 1873; Henry W. Babcock, 1874-8. The various treasurers of the village were: Robert Thomson, 1851; George C. Fletcher, 1852; D. C. Williams, 1853; George C. Van Eps, 1854; Silas Dixon, 1855; Wesley HIinman, 1856; Silas Dixon, 1857; D. C. Williams, 1858; Abe Wise, 1859; J. H. Connor, 1860; John E. Van Eps, 1861; Joseph Hubbard, 1862; Robert Shook, 1863; Oliver Chapaton, 1864-5; William Flummer, 1866; G. B. Van Eps, 1867; Silas Dixon, 1868; T. W. Snook, 1869; E. J. Tucker, 1870; John Otto, 1871-2; Paul Ullrich, 1873; Robert Shook, 1874; William E. Hall, 1875-6; Robert Shook, 1877; Charles Moser, 1878. The various trustees of the village were: 1857-John E. Van Eps, A. L. Gurber, W. L. Rutter, Benjamin Robertson, Giles Hubbard. 1858 โ€” enry Taylor, Sr., Francis Latourneau, George Nicholls, Ed. J. Tucker, D. C. Williams. 1859-George B. Van Eps, Charles Moser, Orrin W. DeLano, Abe Wise, Loren Phelps. 1860-John I-. Connor, Elisha West, Myron White, Joshua B. Dickinson, Henry H. Huntington. 1861-Myron White, Dennis McCafferty, Elisha West, J. H. Connor, John E. Van Eps. 1862-David Shook, John Tucker, Joseph Hubbard, John M. Sanders, Loren Phelps. 1863-Varnum Lufkin, Bruno Van Landegheml, George 0. Nicholls, Robert Shook, Aug. Dahm. 1864-C. Generoux, Dennis McCafferty, William Flunmrer, Fred Hatch, Oliver Chapaton. 1865-Elisha West, W. S. Donaldson, Charles Ullrich, John I. Fraser, G. 0. Nicholls. 1866-William Fluminer, J. E. Van Eps, Michael Stapleton, Varnum Lufkin, John Roskopp. 1867-Silas Dixon, A. Strong, G. B. Van Eps, Varnum Lufkin, Alvin Brandy. 1868-Silas Dixon, Varnum Lufkin, A. Brandy, Alex Strong, Thomas W. Shook. 1869-Theo. Traver, A. T. Donaldson, J. E. Van Eps, William M. Connor, T. W. Snook. 1870-S. Dixon, William Flummer, P. P. Griner, 1M. Peltier. 1871-Varnum Lufkin, Robert Iunt, William Heine, John Otto, D. McCafferty. 1872-Ed. Lewis, John Otto, William Heine, W. S. Donaldson, Varnum Lufkin. 1873-Robert Shook, Paul Ullrich, John Roskopp, Edward Tremble, C. S. Groesbeck. 1874-Robert Shook, Caspar Peters, C. D. Crittenden, Emanuel Mandel, J. M. Heath. 1875-C. S. Groesbeck, E. J. Tucker, B. B. Hess, D. C. Tilden, G. W. Robertson, J. Roskopp, William Heine, G. R. Law. 1876-B. Van Landeghem, V. Lufkin, F. G. Kendrick, G. W. Robinson, John E. Van Eps, Joseph Lonsby. 1877-John Otto, John E. VanEps, William S. Donaldson, Joseph Lonsby. 1878 -Jacob Roessel, Ed. W. Lewis, Ed. Trombley, Henry Fries. The formation of the city in 1879 coincides with the commencement of a new epoch in the history of Macomb county, since about that time commenced a period of prosperity and growth nuch more marked than any other. All reference to the bathing and hotel industries which have played so prominent a part in modern Mount Clemens will be left to another chapter, as will the little that will b. said of the schools, churches and fraternal organizations. Interesting though it might be, time and space forbid any attempt to follow chronologically or in detail the various enterprises which interested Mount Clemensites, and only a mere reference will be made to some of the more public and successful ones, but much could be learned of the others in the information scattered through the chapter entitled "Old i\ount Clemens Families and Residents," and the biographical sketches elsewhere included in this volume. The Eldredge, Mullett and Ashley additions have been referred to. In 1845 Aaron Weeks platted the addition which included lots on both sides of North avenue for a short distance north of Cass, and the following year Fraser's Addition, which included lands from South Walnut street westerly on each side of Maple avenue, was made. Although Robertson's addition, which covered nearly all of the land south of the original plat lying east of the line of Smith street, must have been platted much earlier, the official plat of it was not made or reported until 1851. No further additions to the village were made, although considerable growth took place, until 1870, when Giles Hubbard platted a strip running from North avenue westerly, lying on both sides of Grand avenue; and two years later R. P. Eldredge platted his second addition, running from Cass avenue on each side of Eldredge street northerly to PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 58I the railroad. In the years 1874 and 1875 no less than ten subdivisions and additions were made to the village-being Moross, Ferrin and Welts Additions, and the Greiner and Butler subdivisions of parts of the Robertson Addition in 1874, and the Zuhn and Van Eps Additions and the Beyne, Lewis and Brehler, and Paul Ullrich subdivisions of parts of the Robertson Addition in 1875. The construction of the Michigan Division of the Grand Trunk Railway System in 1859, under the name of the Detroit, Chicago and Grand Trunk Junction Railway Company, gave our village its first railroad connections from the outside world, and sounded the death knell of the old-time stage line. Its construction brought to the village many new residents, several of whom, appreciating the advantages of the place, became permanent citizens. CHAPTER VI. ORGANIZATION AND POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF THE COUNTY. As has been heretofore noted, Macomb county was organized by the proclamation of Governor Cass January 15th, 1818, and by that proclamation was made to include all of the land north of the base line (north line of Wayne county) included in the territory, the Indian title to which was relinquished by the Treaty of Detroit, 1807. This comprised all of the land east of the principal meridian and north of the base line and south of a line drawn from White Rock on the shore of Lake Huron to a point on the principal meridian directly west of the mouth of Lake Huron, and included all of the land in the present counties of Macomb, Oakland, Livingston, Genesee, Lapeer and St. Clair, and also the bulk of Sanilac and Shiawassee counties, the east half of Ingham county and the southern portion of Tuscola county. The county was the third county in the state to be organized, being preceded by Wayne county in 1796 and Monroe county in 1817. By proclamation of April 8th, 1818, Governor Cass divided the new county into two townships, the dividing line between which was a line drawn due west from the mouth of Swan Creek, the northerly township being designated St. Clair and the southerly one Huron. On August 12th, 1818, Governor Cass, because of a petition presented to him " signed by a number of the citizens of the county of Macomb, requesting that a new township be laid out therein," by proclamation established the township of Harrison, to include all of the county which lay east of a line between private claims 144 and 129 on the north side of the river extending to Salt River and east of a line between private claims 175 and 178 on the south side of the river and including also 'the settlements northeast of the base line near Milk River on the lake shore to the mouth of said River Huron." The county was not long to enjoy such extensive domains, since by proclamation of January 12th, 1819, Oakland county was established, which, however, did not take effect until January 1st, 1823. By this all the territory lying west of our present westerly boundary and included in the first six tiers of townships north of the base line was set off as Oakland county. Before this act went into effect the county of St. Clair was set off, which by the proclamation of March 28th, 1820, reduced the county of Macomb to its smallest area that it has ever had, leaving it to include only the present townships of Washington, Ray, Lenox, Shelby, Macomb, Chesterfield, Sterling, Clinton, Harrison, Warren and Erin. However on September 10th, 1822, Governor Cass issued a new proclamation by which the township of Bruce and the west half of Armada were added to the county of Macomb. In July, 1824, the township of Huron was changed to Clinton and by the same act the name of the river was changed to Clinton, in order to avoid the confusion and uncertainty arising from the number of streams and places that had been given the name of Huron in the state. This was the third name that we know of borne by our river, since it was commonly known among the Indians and the very early French by the name of Nattawasippee. April 12th, 1827, the county was divided into five townships, viz: the township of Washington, including the present Bruce and Washington; Shelby, including the present Shelby and Sterling; Ray, including the present Ray and the west half of Armada; Harrison, including Lenox, Chesterfield and our present Harrison; and Clinton, which included Macomb, Clinton, Warren and Erin. In 1832 Macomb was extended to its present size by the addition of the township of Richmond, and the east half of Armada, the act to take effect March 31st, 1833, the new territory being added to the township of Ray. March 9th, 1833, the north half of the township of Washington was formed into a new township 582 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY to be called Bruce, and in the same year, on April 22d, the present townships of Armada and Richmond were formed into a new township to be called Armada, the first township meeting of which was to be held at the house of Edmond Stewart. By the act of March 7th, 1834, Ray township was made to include the present townships of Ray and Lenox, and Macomb to include the present townships of Macomb and Chesterfield, and Harrison reduced to its present size. Prior to this time the line between Clinton and Iarrison had been run so as to include in Clinton the farm of Jos. Sansfacon (private claim 164). On March, 1835, the present township of Sterling was taken from Shelby township and nade the township of Jefferson, and March 11th, 1837, Clinton was reduced to its present size and the townships of Hickory and Orange were organized; the township of Hickory included the territory of the present township of Warren, except sections 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36 thereof, which were added to the territory now included in Erin to constitute the township of Orange. March 20th, 1837, Lenox was separated from Ray and on March 6th, 1838, Richmond from Armada. At the same time the name of Jefferson was changed to Sterling. April 2d, 1838, the township of Hickory was changed to Alba, and was increased by the addition of the sections of township 1, 12 east, which had heretofore been included in the township of Orange as above mentioned. In 1839 (March 26th) Warren was given its present name and in 1842 (February 26th) the township of Chesterfield was separated from Macomb. March 9th, 1843, Irish patriotism triumphed and secured the change of name from Orange to Erin, leaving the county divided into townships substantially as at present. Section 36 of Warren has been transferred back and forth from Warren to Erin several times and some slight modifications have taken place in the boundary line between Clinton and Iarrison. In 1848 a scheme was set on foot, evidently at the instigation of the residents about Alomont, to establish a new county to be called the county of Almont. This contemplated taking from Maconib the townships of Bruce and Arinada, seventy-two square miles with a population of 2,425. The scheme was defeated, being reported adversely to by the committee appointed by the house, as it would take from the county of Macolmb "now the smallest in the state in point of territory" and leave it with "eight square miles less than the minimum limit fixed by the constitution." An amusing bit of confusion arose at the time of the organization of the townships of Hickory and Orange. The first election of Orange was designated to be held at the house of Louis Groesbeck, and the first election of Hickory at the house of Louis B. Chapaton. Now it happened that Chapaton lived in the new town of Orange and Groesbeck in Hickory. The provision of the statutes led to confusion and uncertainty on the part of the voters. The people of Iickory took possession of the polling place fixed by the act for Orange and there held their election, as it was really intended they should. The people of Orange failed to hold an election. A special election was provided, to be held in Orange on June 30th, 1837, by act of the legislature at its special session in 1837, and the election held by the people of Hickory at the improper place was ratified. At the October session of 1837 of the board of supervisors, accordingly, George Bolan appeared, representing Hickory and John B. Cottrell representing Orange. In 1837 there was a return to the commiissioner s system of administering the affairs of the county which had been in vogue up to 1827. The first commissioners were Solomon Porter, Sanford II. Corbin and Ephraim Calkins. They organized as a board of commnissioners November 20th, 1838. In 1841 Neil Gray, Jr., succeeded Corbin and in 1842 Henry Teats succeeded Solomoon Porter. The last meeting of these commissioners was held March 10th, 1842. After that time a return was had to the system of the county legislature, consisting of the supervisors of the several township. At the first meeting of the board of supervisors, after the return to this system, shows the following supervisors: From Bruce, Minot T. Lane; Washington, John Keeler; Shelby, Samuel Axford; Sterling, William A. Davis; Warren, George Bolan; Armada, Solomon Lathrop; Ray, Alexander Tackels; Macomb, Calvin Davis; Clinton, Richard Butler; Orange, Solomon Porter; Richmond, James Flowers; Lenox, Aldis L. Rich; Chesterfield, Samuel P. Canfield; Harrison, Henry Teats. As has already been said, Mount Clemens was, upon the organization of the county, designated as the seat of justice by the proclamation of March 11th, 1818, and has remained the county seat ever since, but it has not been without effort that Mount Clemens has succeeded in holding this vantage point. Directly after the burning of the log court house, in December, 1835, a bill was introduced by Senator Summers to provide for the relocation PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 583 of the county seat of Macomb county. It is impossible now to determine exactly who were the active promoters of this bill, but in view of Mr. Summer's home being at Utica, and the fact that just at that time Utica was more p)rominent and active because of the building of the canal, the Detroit and Utica Railroad and other enterprises, it seems probable that the hope of the promoters of the bill was to secure the location of the county seat at Utica. February 28th the senate in a committee of the whole considered the bill and asked leave to sit again, which was granted, against the opposition of Mr. Summenrs. March 3d the bill was laid on the table, from which it was taken thirteen days later, and together with certain letters presented by Mr. Summers was referred to the conmmittee on the judiciary, Mr. Summers voting No. March 18th the bill was reported out with amendments and laid on the table, from which it was taken March 30th, and, on the question of being put to third reading, was lost by a vote of six to eight, Mr. Sulmmers voting Yes. The bill again came up for consideration April 1st, and was taken from the table; and after the loss of the motion to strike out all after the enacting clause, was ordered engrossed for the third reading, and passed by a vote of seven to six. The house, however, disposed of the bill very promptly by striking out all after the enacting clause and indefinitely postponing further consideration thereof. At this time the nemnbers of the house from Macomb were DeWitt C. Walker, Samuel Axford and John Stockton. Another and more serious effort to deprive Alt. Clemens of the county seat took place in 1879. It was opened by a petition addressed to the Board of Supervisors of the county, signed by Harvey Mellen and 126 others from in and about Romeo, stating that they recogniized the necessity of the county having a new courthouse and jail and that the citizens of Rolmeo and vicinity had subscribed $30,000 as a free gift to the county if the county seat should be located at the Village of Romeo, and asking the submission of the question of the removal of the county seat to Romeo at the next election to be held. The controversy between Romeo and Mt. Clemens for the county seat of that time, was warm and not without its bitterness. The proposition of submitting it to the electors in the spring election of 1879 was defeated only by a tie vote, and the excitement became intense. The outcome of the controversy, however, was that the liberal offer of Romeo was declined and the offer of Mt. Clemens to furnish $25,000 towards the erection of a new courthouse was accepted. This sum was secured by the bonding of the city to the amount of $20,000 and private subscriptions to the amount of $5,000. The corner stone of the new courthouse was laid October 21, 1880, under the auspices of the Grand Lodge of Masons. On this occasion a historical address was delivered by George M. Crocker, then mayor of the city, in which the history of the site of the building and of the former courthouses were touched upon. At this time the jail of the county was located on the north side of Market street, a short distance west of Pine, and from its poor construction and its dilapidation was a disgrace to the county. In 1880 the proposition appropriating $10,000 for a new jail was subnmitted to the people and carried by a small majority, and the present jail, situated on the corner of Cass and Front, was finished in March, 1882. Among MaIconimb Countyv's sons who have filled offices outside of the County should be namedl our Congresslman, Ion. James L. Conger, in 1851-3, and lion. Edgar Weeks, 1899 -1903; the Secretaries of State (Michigan), Robert P. Eldredge, 1842-46; and William Jenney, 1879-82; Thomas MI. Crocker, Collector of U. S. Customs at Port Iuron; Porter Kibbee, Coiimmissioner of State Land Office, 1850-54; Judson S. Farrar, U. S. Consul at Sarnia, 1885-89, and State Adjutant-General, 1891-93. In the Territorial Legislature, Malacomb was represented as follows: 1st Legislature, 1824-5, by John Stockton and Joseph Miller. 2d Legislature, 1826-7, by John Stockton and Williaml A. Burt. 3d Legislature, 1828-9, by John Stockton. 4th Legislature, 1830-1, by John Stockton. 5th Legislature, 1832-3, by Alfred Ashley. 6th Legislature, 1834-5, by John Stockton. The State Senators who have hailed from Maconib with the sessions at which they held seats are as follows: Charles Andrews, of Armada, 1867-9-70; William W. Andrus, of Utica, 1881-82; John E. Barringer, of Armada, 1887-89; Seymour Brownell, of Utica, 1872; Martin Crocker, of Mt. Clemens, 1891 -1892; George B. Davis, of Utica, 1899-1900: Robert P. Eldredge, of Mt. Clemens, 1847-48; Neil Gray, Jr., of Ray, 1843-44; William Jenney, Jr., 1877; Giles IHubbard, of Mt. Clemens, 1865; Cortez P. Hooker, of Ashley (New Baltimore), 1855; Henry C. Kibbee, of Mt. Clemens, 1851; John N. Mellen, of Romeo, 584 IAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1873-4-5; Harvey Mellen, of Romeo, 1893; Jerome W. Nims, of Washington, 1901; Oel Rix, of Richmond, 1846-7; Andrew S. Robertson, of Mt. Clemens, 1863; Abner C. Smith, of Mt. Clemens, 1845-6; John S. Smith, of Armada, 1853; John Stockton, of Mt. Clemens, 1835-6; Jacob Summers, of Utica, 1837-8-9-40, '49-50; and Dewitt C. Walker, of Romeo, 1841-2. The members of the Michigan House of Representatives elected from Macomb County are as follows: Oliver Adams, Utica, 1853; Samuel Axford, of Shelby, 1839-40-43; Adam Bennett, New Haven, 1893; William Brownell, Utica, 1857-8-61-2; William A. Burt, Mt. Vernon, 1853; Richard Butler, Mt. Clemens, 1838; Fred C. Buzzell, Romeo, 1893; Chauncey G. Cady, Mt. Clemens, 1849; Horace H. Cady, Mt. Clemens, 1843-65-73-74; Ephraim Calkins, Utica, 1837; Lucius II. Canfield, New Haven (now of Mt. Clemens), 1877-89-91-2; Samuel P. Canfield, New Haven, 1853; Harlehigh Carter, Utica (later of Mt. Clemens), 1845-50; Ira G. Chapman, Utica, 1901-3; Sanford It. Corbin, Armada, 1851; Martin Crocker, Mt. Clemens, 1887; Israel Curtis, Erin, 1849; Calvin Davis, Macomb, 1845; Geo. B. Davis, Utica, 1895-7; Jas. B. Eldredge, Mt. Clemens, 1863 -1864; Hieronymus Engleman, Centerline, 1885-7; Philander Ewell, Utica, 1855; Cortez B. H. Fessenden, Utica, 1842; James Flower, Armada, 1849; Linus S. Gilbert, Romeo, 1837; Daniel G. Gleason, Richmond, 1883-5; Alonzo A. Goodman, AMt. Clemens, 1857; Alexander Grant, Utica, 1881-3; Daniel C. Greene, Romeo, 1879; Charles S. Groesbeck, Warren, 1863-4; Isaac J. Grovier, Mt. Clemens, 1839; Hiron Hatheway, of Ray and Armada, 1842 -1855; Cortez P. Hooker, of Romeo (later of New Baltimore), 1850; Frederick G. Kendrick, Roseville (later of Mt. Clemens), 1869 -1870; Minot T. Lane, Romeo, 1838-48; Gurdon C. Leech, Utica, 1841; Payne K. Leech, Jr., Utica, 1846; Josiah Lee, Ray, 1841; Chas. F. Mallory, Romeo, 1863-4-5; Elisha F. Mead, Romeo, 1867-9-70; HTarvey Mellen, Romeo, 1889-91-2; Norton L. Miller, Mt. Clemens, 1869-70-1-2; Isaac Monfort, Ray, 1835-6-7; Dexter Mussey, Romeo, 1855-7-8-9-61-2 (Speaker of the House for 1861-2); William F. Nank, of Mt. Clemens, 1905; Warren Parker, Milton, 1879-81-2; Layman B. Price, Utica, 1847; Deliverance S. Priest, Romeo, 1871-2-3-4; Henry L. Reeves, Roseville, 1859; William A. Rowley, Mt. Clemens, 1895-7; Hiram D. Runyan, Disco, 1871-2; Peter Schars, New Baltimore, 1865-7; Caspar F. Shattler, Roseville, 1875; Orson Sheldon, Utica, 1838; Seth K. Shetterly, Utica, 1869-77; David Shook, Mt. Clemens, 1851; Jacob Shook, Mt. Clemens, 1847; John B. St. John, Sterling, 1848; John Stockton, Mt. Clemens, 1840-1-50 (Speaker pro tern in 1850); Jacob Summers, iJtica, 1835-6; Alexander Tackles, Romeo, 1835-6-9; Henry D. Terry, Mt. Clemens, 1848; Robert Thompson, New Baltimore, 1859; Philo Tillson, Mt. Clemens (later of Romeo), 1844; DeWitt C. Walker, Romeo, 1840-4-6 (Speaker pro tern in 1844); Frank C. Wells, Warren, 1899-1900; James E. Weter, Richmond, 1899 -1900-1; Thomas M. Wilson, New Baltimore, 1861-2-75. Those who, as sheriffs, have held the chief executive office of the county of Macomb are as follows: James Fulton.....................1818-22 William Meldrum.................. 1822-28 M. Nye.........................1828-30 Addison Chamberlain.............. 1830-32 W illiam Canfield..................1832-36 Abraham Freeland................. 1836-38 Calvin Davis..................... 1838-40 Lyman B. Price................... 1840-42 Amos B. Cooley.................. 1842-44 John G. Dixon..................1844-46 Varnum Lufkin...................1846-48 Milo Selleck.....................1848-50 W alter Porter....................1850-52 Thomas Golby.....................1852-56 Charles C. Lamb................. 1856-60 Joseph Hubbard................. 1860-64 George E. Adair................. 1864-66 IIaswell Church.................. 1866-70 Frederick G. Kendrick.............1870-74 Winfield S. Hathaway............. 1874-78 Louis Groesbeck.................. 1878-80 Thomas W. Newton................ 1880-82 Louis Groesbeck................. 1882-86 Samuel DeKay....................1886-88 (Died in office, January, 1888.) William Longstaff........... Jan., 1888-89 Frank Culver..................1889-92 Leonard Schneider.................1892-94 William F. Nank..................1894-98 Louis T. Cady................... 1898-1902 Alexander McInnis................1902-04 George P. Eckstein................1904 -The Judges of Probate for the county have been as follows: Christian Clemens.................1818-36 Prescott B. Thurston...............1836-40 Peter S. Palmer...................1840-41 (Resigned and at special election Porter Kabbee elected June 19, 1841. Porter Kibbee.....................1841-48 Prescott Thurston.................1848-60 Isaac B. Gilbert...................1860-64 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 585 Ienry 0. Smith.................. 1864-68 Thomas L. Sackett.................1868-75 (Died in office, July 15, 1875.) Edgar Weeks..................... 1875-76 James B. Eldredge............... 1876-84 George M. Crocker................. 1884-92 James G. Tucker.................1892-96 Silas B. Spier.................. 1896-1900 Seth W. Knight.................. 1900-04 Franz C. Kuhn..................1904 -''he county clerks have been as follows: John Stockton................... 1818-25 Thomas Brandon..................1825-26 R. S. Rice....................... 1826-28 Robert P. Eldredge................ 1828-30 Richard Butler................... 1830-36 Amos Dalby.................. 1836-46 Robert Thompson.................1846-48 Ira Stout................... 1848-50 Theron Cudworth................ 1850-52 John S. Fletcher.................. 1852-54 Perrin Crawford.................. 1854-56 John B. Ellsworth................. 1856-58 H. 0. Smith....................... 1858-64 James Whiting..................1864-66 William M. Connor................ 1866-70 Charles S. Groesbeck............... 1870-78 William L. Dicken................. 1878-82 Watson W. Lyons................1882-86 Fred C. Kettler.................. 1886-90 Watson W. Lyons................. 1890-92 Edward C. Wiemann............. 1892-94 Milo W. Davis...................1894-98 Harvey P. Edwards..............1898-1902 Charles C. Bradley................1902 -Registers of Deeds: John Stockton.................. 1818-28 William Meldrun.................1828-32 Rodney O. Cooley.................1832-38 Amos Dalby.................. 1838-44 Henry Teats.....................1844-48 Robert H. Wallace................ 1848-52 John J. Traver...................1852-56 Norton L. Miller.................. 1856-60 George W. French.................1860-62 Thomas L. Sackett................. 1862-68 Alonzo M. Keeler..................1868-70 George W. Robertson.............. 1870-72 Alonzo M. Keeler................. 1872-74 Trangott Lungershausen............ 1874-80 Judson S. Farrar..................1880-86 Arthur E. Van Eps................ 1886-90 Samuel P. St. John............... 1890-94 Frank W. Preussel...............1894-98 Henry J. Switzer............... 1898-1902 Elmer V. Sutton..................1902 -Treasurers: Christian Clemens.................1818-27 John S. Axford...................1827-32 H-iram Calkins....................1832-34 Iorace II. Cady................... 1834-36 Rodney O. Cooley................. 1836-40 Henry M. Dodge.................. 1840-42 Thomas iM. Perry..................1842-48 Allen P. Bentley.................. 1848-52 Joshua B. Dickinson............... 1852-56 Charles B. Matthews............... 1856-60 Edward C. Gallup.................1860-62 Justus R. Crandall................1862-66 Josiah T. Robinson................1866-67 Joseph Hubbard..........February 1867-68 (By appointment.) Oliver Chapaton................... 1868-78 Charles Tackles...................1878-82 John E. Barringer................. 1882-86 Paul Lefevre.....................1886-90 John Priehs....................... 1890-94 August F. Kaiser................. 1894-98 Gilbert R. Lovejoy.............. 1898-1902 Ferdinand Matz................... 1902 -Prosecuting Attorneys: Ezra B. Prescott................... 1818-20 George A. O'Keefe................1820-28 Alexander D. Fraser............... 1828-32 Robert P. Eldredge................ 1832-34 Cornelius O'Flynn................. 1834-38 DeWitt C. Walker................. 1838-40 John J. Leonard................... 1840-42 Harlehigh Carter..................1842-44 William T. Mitchell................1844-46 Andrew S. Robertson..............1846-50 Giles Hubbard...................1850-56 Richard Butler................... 1856-58 Giles Hubbard................... 1858-60 Elisha F. Mead...................1860-62 Thomas M. Crocker................1862-64 James B. Eldredge................1864-66 Edgar W eeks.....................1866-70 James B. Eldredge................1870-76 George M. Crocker................. 1876-80 Irving D. Hanscom................ 1880-82 (Removed from county and resigned June, 1882.) Dwight N. Lowell........... June 1882-83 Franklin P. Monfort..............1883-88 James G. Tucker..................1888-92 Oscar C. Lungerhausen............ 1892-94 John A. W eeks................... 1894-98 Franz C. Kuhn..................1898-1904 Allen W. Kent...................1904 -County Surveyors: John B. Hollister.................1830-32 William A. Burt..................1832-34 Ephraim Calkins..................1834-36 Joel Manley................... 1836-44 Charles F. Mallory................. 1842-50 586 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Ludwick Weslowski............... 1850-52 Geo. E. Adair.....................1852-56 Addison P. Brewer................ 1856-60 Geo. 11. Fenner................... 1860-62 Ludwick Weslowski............... 1862-64 Oscar S. Burgess.................. 1864-70 Geo. E. Adair..................... 1870-72 Oscar S. Burgess................. 1872-74 Clarence Stephens.................1874-76 George E. Adair................... 1876-84 C. E. Adair...............1884-90 M ilton Nye...................... 1890-94 Cortez Fessenden............... 1894-1905 The population of Macomb county according to the official census for the various years is as follows: 1837.................. 8,892 1840.................... 9,716 1845................... 13,491 18500................. 15,532 1854.................. 18,114 1860..................... 22,843 1864..................... 22,404 1870..................... 27,619 1874..................... 28,305 1880.................... 31,927 1884..................... 31,330 1890..................... 31,813 1894..................... 32,382 1900..................... 33,244 1904..................... 33,095 CHAPTER VII. THE INTERN.A IMPROVEMENTS FUIROR, AND ITS MACOMB COU(TNTY RESUIJTS. Michigan entered with all the enthusiasm of its youth into the internal improvement moveiient, which swept over all of the Western States in the fourth decade of the last century. The question of a national system of internal improvements having been settled in the negative by the veto of the bill for the establishment of the Maysville Road in 1830, the states undertook to carry on the work, and during the next few years entered upon vast schemes of internal improvement with borrowed capital to such an extent that confusion, discredit and in sonme cases repudiation followed. The constitutional convention, which met at Detroit in May, 1835, adopted as part of the constitution this article: "Internal improvements shall be encouraged by the Government of this state, and it shall be the duty of the Legislature, as soon as may be, to make provision by law for ascertaining the proper objects of improvement in relation to roads, canals and navigable rivers, and it shall also be their duty to provide by law for an equal, systematic, and economical application of the funds which may be appropriated to these objects." Although the state was not admitted formally until January, 1837, it was then recognized as having existed as a state since Novelmber, 1835, when the (overnor came into office and the Legislature met. At the first session of the Legislature, which lasted but twelve days, both houses appointed committees on internal improvements, and when the Legislature again met in February, 1836, the Governor in his message recommended as among the objects calling for the attention of the new legislators that of internal improvements. lie recommended the appointment of an engineer or Board of Conmmissioners to investigate, an application to Congress for a donation of public lands and the passage of a law authorizing the state to subscribe for a large amount of the capital stock vested in the companies which had any improvements in process of contemplation. Many petitions for the improvement of rivers, construction of damns and building of roads were granted or referred to committees, and in the next Legislature, that of 1837, the work of internal improvemrents was pushed forward with all possible enargy and enthusiasm. Indeed it has been said that from the proceedings of her early Legislatures, it might well be imagined that Michigan sought the privileges of a state solely for the purpose of building canals, railroads and turnpikes and improving rivers and harbors. It was desired by those in power to secure either the absolute ownership by the state of the internal improvements, or the ownership of enough stock to give the state a controlling influence. It was thought that the needs of the country could be better determined by the state than by a private company. and it was even expected that the entire income of the state could be obtained from the profits arising out of the operation of these improvemnents. January 24, 1837, the house conmmittee made a lengthy report which shows the effect of the rapid development of the country upon the imagination of the people, in the expectation which seems now little less than visionary of vast wealth and prosperity which was to follow the adoption of the policy recommended. Internal improvements wams designated as "the high road to national prosperity. " The policy of internal improvements PjAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMIB COUTNTY58 587 was declared by this comm11ittee to be no longer anl exp~erimenlt, lbtt to have been tested all over the country; that a study of the improvemenits in the other states wN'ould present a safe gulidle of the judlgment upon lundlertakings of this character. The benefits to be derived from the new policy by the state ]in the wNay of uncreased p)opulationi increased industry and dema-nd for products of the soil were largely (Iwelt. upon. T h( princilpal a rgumnent, however, was lbas(ed 1p)on the proposition that the mioev was to Ie an investment,and not an ex1)enlditi-re, and an estilnate of the income to be derived from. the investment wias made. Speaking( of the development of the state, the commi'ttee declared, '' The romance of the past age is the reality of the present.'' Viewied in tihe lighit of its results and the (lisasters wNhich have followed, this reiport a(n(1I estimate excite o111 astonishment Caind almost our contempt. 811( vet it is impossible to deny, hut~ that under the same circumstances and with the inforitmmat Io) N- which wNas then available, an~y of us mighlt have beeni equially (111 1(e( aiwa. The,result of the Legislature s xxoik was the adoption of a. scheme of lnte mnal implrovemnent~s wh Iich, besides minor details pr oposedl the establishment of five lines of conmimnuication hetwAeeni the lakes o11 tme east and Lake Mlichigxan, three of which wvere rail-oads 11n( two canals. Interesting and itivit~ino as the subject is. tile proposed implrovemnents, aside frot 0 the Cliiiton,and Kalamazoo Canal i1must be passed by wtototller imotice thati to say the railroads thus started, ultimately Ineca-me the Michigan Central. and Michig-an Southemu 1nailtoads, and that thle tllird railroad AN-as 1)1o ected to start at Palmer, now St. Chnir oi at Port Huron andi to terminate at the iiavi(~able waters of the (Iriand River. The catials were knowtn as tile Clin1ton and Kalamazoo Canal,and the Saginaw Canal. The first conllniellclng at or near -Mt. Clemens atld terutinating at or near the onioth of tile Kalamazoo River itt Lake Michigan; the second connecting, Sagina n a plc rivers. For tile survey of tine roiutes of these canals, and for thle survey of the St. Joe, Kalammazoo and Grand rivers to he used in comllectiotl therewitil, tile 8111m of $20,000 was appropriated. T1he report of these surveys -and of all tile itlvesti oati on relative to internal imlproveDfllentS was adiopted, anld thus tile state was comimitted to tile iltdertaking of work wllich wNas estimated to cost many imilliolls of dollars, and if carried out would have cost twice the estinmate. In considering the folly which led to tile adoption of such a course, it miust he remembered that Michigan, according to the census of 1887, only had 175,000 population; that Detroit, "the great commercial market an11( emnporiutm for the State, contained a popinlation of 9,278, of whonl 4,355 were under 21 years of ag-e; that the means of comumunication through tile state were very meagre, and tilat althlough lpopuliatiott and industry had,g(rowt-n imost rapidly, there was little to justify thle expectatiotn that business wNould increase m( utlt Ifize all the intprovemients proposed. On the other hland, looking back front 1887 -upon tile rapid growth of the preceding two decades, the optlimist seems jitstifiedl in indtiiging in fairy- (dreams,, of wNealth and prosperity. The polptlation of Michigan in 1820 was 8,896, slowll Ia incerease ill sevetnteent years of twventy fold. rThe itlerease in poptllationl duriitigo the tllree yearss fromi 1884-1887 was over 87,000). As illustrative of the strength of the tide of iinnmig-ration flowing itlto tile state, of wihici lMacomDb Coutnty received its due sh~are, a, quiotation front tile Detroit Joutrnal, May 112J, 1880, mnay be allowed-; 'on tile 5th inst., wve stated thlat thl( number of persoits who landed at this port with the intetltion of settling, in the territory was heween 400 and 5000. The Ilumber sillce tilat date nay lbe estimated ais between eight ecu anld nimleteetl hundred. 'Since the first of April (a period of six weeks) t weltv-fonr hundred have lanlded at Detroit alone. Another imuportamit factor in- the high Ilopes and etltlusiasm'i of the time was the suecess of the Erie Canal in New York State, and tile prosperity wilicih followed its opening. This canlal opened a routte by wihich could be reached, ''Tile territory of Michigan, the Yankee land of pronmise flowing with miik and Ihomey,'" as our state was eupllenistically called in one of the toasts of the day. Not only wNas tile state itself active in the way of itntertnal imlprovemtetlts, but tile Legislature wNas lbcsieged by private con-panies for elharters authorizing the building of roads and canals, twentvt-eigaht of these beitig organized in 1888. The day- after the approval of the bill for tile survey of the various routes, two hills were aplproved by the Governor also touching the imltetrnal improvements. One of these provided for the borrowing of $~5,000,000 to be expended for internal iniprovemnents, for which bonds were to be issued, and the faith of the state pledged. Fromn this loan was secured the muost of the vast sums expended in the internal itlprovements the next few years. The other act provided for the placing of the superintendence of this work in the hands of six com 588 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY missioners to be appointed by the Governor, who should have charge of the work, employing as many agents, engineers, surveyors, architects and others as was thought necessary, with power to fix their salaries, determine the rates of toll and attend to all other necessary details. During the year, surveys were made and the roads and canals provided for, were located and the work begun. The following year, the danger and folly in such an extensive system of improvements began to be apparent, and the financial panic, which spread all over the country, resulted in great difficulties in financing the proposed improvements; difficulties which increased until they compelled the abandonment of the scheme entirely. Turning now to the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal, the larger part of which so far as constructed lies within the limits of our county, it is interesting and instructive to follow the reports of the various officials on the work itself, and the various proposed improvements in connection therewith. In 1838 the commissioners on internal improvements reported that they had held a meeting at Pontiac for the purpose of hearing all parties interested in the location of the canal, and that at that meeting a resolution was passed declaring that the proposed route was practicable, and that the improvement should consist of a canal the entire distance, rather than part canal and part railroad. They further reported that the surveyed route passed near the center of almost every county through which it ran, and for whose benefit it was intended; that several long levels could be obtained, and an abundant supply of water procured for all seasons and at a moderate expense. " That the question is now settled, and it remains for the Legislature to say how soon a work so splendid shall be commenced and forced to its completion. At this date there is no doubt in the public mind as to the superior advantages of canals over railroads in the country on the immediate line of the improvement, when heavy and bulky articles are to be transported. For the convenience of passengers, Michigan has now three railroads in progress, running across the state, and this canal will do all the heavy transportation to and from the navigable waters of the Grand and Kalamazoo rivers. This improvement will place Michigan before any 9f her sister states in the work of internal improvement, early and wisely conceived and vigorously prosecuted for the benefit of her citizens. ' The estimate of the engineer for the first sixty miles west of Mt. Clemens was submitted. From Utica eastward there were two routes proposed, one to Mt. Clemens, a distance of eight miles, and one to L' Anse Creuse, a distance of ten miles. The Mt. Clemens route was estimated to cost more per mile, but less in the aggregate. From Utica westward, there were also two routes proposed, one known as the Rochester route, which was afterwards adopted, and the other, Troy and Auburn route. The estimate of the total cost of the 61 miles lying east of Oar Creek to L'Anse Creuse Bay was $1,000,701, and of the shorter route to Mt. Clemens, $990,550.29. The estimate of the commissioners of the entire length of the canal to the mouth of the Kalamazoo River was 216 miles, with an entire cost of construction of $2,250,000. By the report of James B. Hunt, Commuissioner of the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal, made in January, 1839, it appears that he succeeded James IHurd, Chief Engineer on the canal, the May preceding and immediately proceeded to let the contract for that part of the canal commencing at Mt. Clemens, and running as far west as the appropriation would reach. That the part between Mt. Clemens and Utica was advertised to be let June 28, 1838, at which time about 60 proposals were received for the whole or different parts of the work. That the stone lock connecting the canal with the river at Mt. Clemens was let to Alexander Clemens, of Ohio, for the sum of $1,400 per foot lift with lock gates, etc., complete; that the contractor had delivered part of the stone which had been brought from Ohio; that the canal was divided into sections of one mile each, the first of which was let to Jas. B. Van Rensselaer, and on that section the grubbing was principally finished, and considerable of the excavation had been made; that the next section was let to Robert Wattles and the third section to Messrs. Plues, Wilson & Co., of New York, "and includes one stone lock and two aqueducts across the river on stone piers with wood trunks; it is the most expensive mile on the eastern section of the canal." This last section is the section which would cross the main river just above where the Hacker bridge now is, and the south branch at a point directly west. We quote further from the report. "It is known to the Board that the engineers were opposed to this place of crossing the river, both on account of the expense of the first construction and the cost of repairs, as well as to the interruption PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 589 of navigation when repairs should be required. The citizens of Mt. Clemens were opposed to the plans of the engineers, using the river from the mills of Judge Steevens (at Frederick) down to the village, which would have done away with the necessity of these aqueducts. They applied to the Board then in session to make a personal examination of the route and determine the manner in which it should be constructed. The work now under contract is in conformity with that decision of the Board, and although it is an expensive piece of work, yet at the prices paid and the great experience and high character of the persons who took the contract, it is supposed that it will be done well and more reasonably than the undersigned had anticipated. The stone lock was let at $1,365 per foot lift with gates, etc., complete." The question of constructing the canal proper from Frederick to It. Clemens, or of using the river between these points, was much debated, both by the citizens of the two places and by the engineers and workmen on the canal. The citizens of Mt. Clemens were evidently fearful that if the canal itself terminated at Frederick that that village would surpass Mt. Clemens ill population, business and importance, as indeed at that time it promised to do. Accordingly Mt. Clemens strongly urged the construction of the canal itself to Mt. Clemens and as it appears by the above report was successful in its efforts. Frederick, however, under the lead of Judge HIorace Steevens, was equally strenuous in protesting against the unnecessary expense incurred by making a canal rather than using the river, and urged that the river could be deepened and made of service with comparatively little expense. At the same time Conoer and his supporters at Belvidere were vitally interested and were strongly urging the adoption of a project which would practically turn the river into the canal from Frederick to Belvidere by the construction of a tow path along its north bank and cutting a new channel through one or two of its sharp ox-bow bends. This latter project also appealed to the judgment of impartial engineers, and it is probable that the influence and pull of Mt. Clemens people was necessary to prevent the adoption of a plan which contemplated mniaking MIt. Clemens a mere station along the line of the canal. Turning again to the report of the Engineers of January, 1839, it appears that sections 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 and the west half of 9 were let to Messrs. Parks, Boyer & Co., who, after the work had progressed some, obtained the consent of the engineer to a division of the contracts between the partners. Work was commenced on section 4, but not pushed with energy, and in December was abandoned by the contractors. The engineer speaks of the security taken for the performance of the contracts and the precautions adopted to the same end among which precautions was the prohibition "the use of ardent spirits as a drink for the workmen on the several jobs, on pain of forfeiting their contracts." The second letting did not take place until September 18, and as it had not then been determined whether both Paint Creek and Stony Creek should be used as feeders, nor how far the work could be carried within the appropriation, contracts were let only as far as Rochester. Again about 60 proposals were received and contracts were let to Elisha Hamlin, Jr., Hilton & Allen, Bronson, Knight & Ingalls, John F. Hamlin, Parshall Hawley & Co., and Johnson, Niles & Co. The engineer reported that some work had been done on each of the sections, except 14, and much timber gotten out for the locks; that the road and farm bridges were contracted to Jeremiah H. Crittenden and the timbered locks were bid by Isaac Kelly; that the work of obtaining releases of right of way from the land owners had progressed and compromises made in some cases where damages were claimed from parties residing near the villages of nMt. Clemens and Utica, and one submission made to the referees to determine the amount to be awarded for damages under the statute. The engineer commented upon the fact that although it was expected h that the construction of the canal being a desirable improvenient would largely increase the value of the land through which it passed, yet experience had shown that the land owners were never at a loss for an excuse for making a claim for damages and that the claims, when presented, were generally of the most extravagant character. The engineer complained that the appropriations for the canal for the past two years had been only $245,000, whereas the appropriations for the central railroad had been $750,000, "while the real advantages to the state to be derived from these works are altogether in favor of the canal," and urged that "justice to this important work requires from the Legislature as large an appropriation as has ever been given to any other improvement in the state. It is destined not only to be the pride and ornament of the state, but at some future date to be the source of its permanent revenue. and although we are not vain enough to com 590 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY pare it with the Erie Canal, yet who call say, that when Michigan shall be settled with an enterprising populace along the line of this canal, extending more than two hundred miles through as fertile a country as even western New York, when Wisconsin shall have reached the present population and wealth of Ohio, that this canal shall not be at least secondary in point of character and revenue." The engineer reported further that the estimated cost of the 16 miles from Rochester to Mt. Clemens would be $292,762.28. That the estimated amount of work done on this portion up to January 1, 1839, was $16,588.42. Engineer Hunt also comments upon the fact that the money expended had been used upon the most expensive and least useful part of the canal, and that the same amount expended on the canal westerly from Pontiac, where it could be constructed cheaply and without lockages, would have proved much more serviceable to the inhabitants and much more productive of revenue. A portion of his argument upon this subject is here presented, as it touches upon some of the other improvements then under way in this part of the state and also brings up the subject which still haunts us of the improvement of the Clinton River. "The canal commrences 20 miles from the city of Detroit, at a point on the Clinton River where the smaller size of lake vessels only can navigate, and then by a crooked river navigation with a bar at its mouth. When the canal shall have been completed to Pontiac, a distance of about 27 miles, it is only about 24 or 25 miles from Detroit, the present business market of the state. At this point, a railroad owned by an incorporated company runs directly to the city and is now nearly completed. It is scarcely to be presumed that a person having produce at Pontiac, or within a reasonable distance of that place, would send it by the canal to Mt. Clemens to be stored, and thence reshipped to Detroit to go through another process of storage and trans-shipment for Buffalo or any other port on Lake Erie with a consequent expense and delay of storage and through a canal averaoging more than nine feet of lockage to the mile, when the same could be sent in a few hours by the railroad to a warehouse in Detroit. It becomes necessary therefore that the navigation of the river from Mt. Clemens to its mouth be improved, and the obstructions removed by the time the canal is completed, so that the large lake vessels can meet the river and canal boats at that point or that the work must remain unproductive. The remedy is that the Legislature, the Board have no power, except to order a survey of the river for the purpose of obtaining information which they have done. " "'The expenditure of this appropriation west of Pontiac, on a cheap part of the work, without lockages, would have been highly serviceable to the inhabitants of the interior of the state and more productive of revenue; for although the eastern part of the state is more densely populated, yet they have more direct routes to Detroit than by the valley of the Clinton River. "The Detroit & Shelby Railroad, now in progress (to which reference is made in the Chapter on Utica herein), will do most of the business of the western part of Macomb County, and almost every other part of the line west of Utica for an easy commlunication with the other railroad or with the turnpike to I)etroit. " By the report of the commlittee appointed to investigate the accounts of the Board of Internal Improvement, it appears that there had been expended on the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal up to February 21, 1839, the sum of $58,661.16. Anmong the engineers and assistants employed on the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal during 1838 were Jarvis Ilurd, chief engileer, Erastus Hurd, M:arcus IIurd, Cyrus W. Illurd. assistant engineers (the recurrence of the family name suggests the probable justice of the charge of grafting, which was early made in connection with this work), E. R. Blackwell. surveyor; Azro C. Works and Thomas J. HIunt, second assistant engineers; Ludwick Weslowski (afterwards a resident of Mt. Clemens for sometime), draftsman; A. B. Lincoln and Truman Andrews, rodmen. The annual salary of this force lag'greoated a little over $10,500. The efforts of MIt. Clemens having proved successful, the actual work on the canal was Ibegun at It. Clemens and evidences of that work were apparent even within the memory of many of our citizens who have not yet attained middle age. The starting of the work on the canal was made a festive occasion by the citizens of Alt. Clemens, who in their dreams saw their little village grow to be a magnificent city at the terminus of one of the miost important ways of comllmunication between the far west and the eastern markets. (overnor Mason and nlany other prominent residents of the state were invited to attend the celebration held at Alt. Clemens on the PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 59I turning of the first sod and the day was made one of great rejoicing and hilarity. The following report of the celebration, written by Mr. John N. Ingersoll, then a young man of 21, just entering upon his successful career as a journalist appeared in the Detroit Journal and Courier, and is deemed worthy of reproduction and preservation here. THE CLINTON AND KALAMAZOO CANAL CELEBRATION. Mount Clelmens, Friday Evening, July 20, 1838. With a view of attending the celebration of the comlmencement of the Clinton & Kalamazoo (Canal, a w-ork fraught with so much interest and prosperity to a very large portion of the people of Michian, if not all of them, I emlbarked on board of the neat miniature steamboat Macomnib, Capt. Allen, which left at 2 o'clock yesterday for this place, with the representatives of Detroit, amonog whom were (Governor Mason, Jludloe Wilkins, and District Marshal Ten Eyek. 'The Alacomb took us up the lake in a style which would vie with the best anoong the larger class of boats. On reaching Belvidere, which is about six miles from Mt. Clemens, we stoped for the purpose of receiving on board the chosen president of the day, Col. Jamles L. Conger; but having been slightly indisposed, he was prevented froml accompanying us to this place that evening. HIowNever, as the afternoon was one of "Fairy's own,? we took advantage of it, and enjoying ourselves to the soul's content, we.joigged on llu the waters of the beautiful Clinton, whose narrow and graceful windings could not be discovered froml any one point of the river over thirty rods, until we reached this delightful and m(ost enchanting spot, so very appropliriately designated Mount Clemens. Hlere hundreds of the good citizens of the village and their gentlemlen coommlittee of arrangemlents were in waiting for their guests, who were received from the boat with the cheers and shouts of the goodly inhabitants, amid the firing of cannon and the inspiring sounds which flowed from a full and excellent band- of martial t1music, stationed on the shore. The whole body( of citizens, en mlasse, then escorted their guests to the top) of the hill, where is kept the "Clinton Hotel," by my young host, 5IM. Joseph Hubbard, at whose spacious house apalrtmlents had been provided for the Governor and suite, and who had also been appointed the caterer of the day, well meriting all the praise that was bountifully bestowed upon hil, and to which we wou ld add in his behalf our own small note of recommendation for his excellent managemlent and the great attention paid his patrons. At daybreak this morning a signal gun announced to the sleeping inhabitants of "the queen village" the dawning of the 20th of July, 1838, a day which will be recollected by the people of Michigan as the proudest that ever happened, or can again transpire while her soil remains a component part of terra firma. Were I to attempt to give an accurate and a minute description of the celebration of the commencement of this work, which will prove, wAhen complete, second only to that of the grand Erie Canal, I should not only prove myself inadequate to the task, but find the space it would occupy far too limited for my remlarks. At sunrise a national salute of thirteen guns was fired. lThe music of the shrill fife, the enchanting sounld of the bugle, and the harmonious beat of the drum (together with the discordant rattling of the bell of mine host immnediately over the heads of his slumbering lguests), all contributed to swell the importanle of the day, and "change its stern alarms to mellrry mleetinto. And new commenced the bustle of the day. Ilundreds of the people from the surrounding country came pouring in, and with them the popular president of the day. Even the red n en of the surrounding forest were attracted to the village by these uncommon hilarities of the white mnen, who told them that the former hunting grounds of the Indian should henceforth serve as a noble river, on the bosom of which the floating castles of their white neighbors would convey to them the luxuries of more eastern climes. At eleven o'clock the citizens assembled at a b)ower very tastefully erected on the public square of the venerable courthouse, at which place an oration was delivered by Robert P. EldrCedge, Esq. The oration was one which reflected considerable credit on the mind of the orlator. The time of commenlcement was announced 1y a un, and as soon as the address was finished, a large procession was formed under the direction of Major Henry D. Terry, the Imarshal of the day, whose untirin' exertions and gentlemanly deportment throughout the celebration gained himr many and lasting friends who will ever proudly recollect his distinguished civilities shown them on the occasion. The procession then moved to the line of the canal, on section one, in the following order: Marshal of the day; Music; Iresident of the day, and the Governor of the 592 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY State; Vice-Presidents of the day; Orator of the day; Members of the Board of Internal Improvement; the Reverend the Clergy; Invited Guests; Committee of Arrangements; Citizens. On arriving at the ground, the president of the day, in a few pertinent remarks to the Governor, presented him with a spade, when, after a brief and appropriate reply by His Excellency, he proceeded to break the ground, amid the deafening shouts of "lookers on," the roaring cannon, and the mighty thundering of heaven's own artillery. After all the customary field exercises had been gone through with, the procession returned to the bower on the public square, where a sumptuous dinner was in readiness, of which we should think over a hundred and fifty persons partook-the following gentlemen officiating at the head of the table: President: Col. James L. Conger. Vice-Presidents: Dr. Ebenezer Hall, of Mount Clemens; Hon. Judge Clemens, of Mount Clemens; Hon. H. Steevens, of Frederick; G. C. Leech, Esq., of Utica; E. Calkins, Esq., of Shelby; William Burbank, Esq., of Rochester. After the cloth was removed thirteen regular toasts were drunk, accompanied by the firing of cannon and appropriate music. The volunteer toasts, as well as the regular ones, were witty and to the point. The best spirit and good feeling prevailed with all who were present, entirely forgetting all distinctions of a partisan character. At the festive board they were as one man, and never did I witness anything pass off more happily than the celebration of this auspicious day. In closing this letter I should not only do injustice to my own feelings, but neglect to speak the sentiment of all others from Detroit, did I fail to state that many thanks are due to the citizens of Mount Clemens for the very liberal spirit which has strongly marked their civilities throughout the occasion, and which will never be forgotten by their honored guests. According to the accounts of some of our oldest citizens who recall as children seeing this celebration, its history is too mildly portrayed by the above. One extremist declares that "the male adult at Mt. Clemens who didn't get drunk that day, must have been sick abed," and that if any such rare exception existed he told of it afterwards with chagrin rather than pride. It must be remembered that in those days the use of liquor, even to great excess, was common and viewed with much more leniency than it is to-day. By the report of the Commissioner of Internal Improvements made under date of December 20, 1839, it appears that during the year 1839, up to November 30, there had been expended $93,221.35 beside the $16,429.53 expended in 1838. This report referred to the controversy which had been had relative to the use of the river of an independent canal between Frederick and Mt. Clemens. Engineer Jarvis Hurd had reported in May of 1839 that he had carefully estimated the expense of the two routes and that by using the river route, cutting across two narrow peninsulas and constructing a tow path, that $382,000 could be saved by the adoption of the river route, although already $14,000 had been expended on the independent route. IIe referred to the fact that two long expensive aqueducts which would be exposed to danger from flood, ice jams, drift wood and quicksand under their foundations would be dispensed with by using the river route, which he strongly recommended "as the one best calculated to promote the good of the state and advance the interest of the canal in the cost of construction, in the safety of the works and in the expense of repairs after the works are completed. " In July the engineers appointed by the Board to investigate concerning the recommendation of Hurd, emphatically favored the adoption of the river route, stating that the shoalest part of the stream had been sounded and depth of water had been found sufficient for the passage of boats of the proper draft for the canal, but that as the depth of the water in the river depended upon the rise and fall of the waters in the lake, it would be necessary to build a dam with a lock attached at or near Mt. Clemens, or else dredge out the shoaler parts of the stream. Because of these recommendations Commissioner Thompson, to whom had been assigned the charge of the construction and management of the canal, had suspended operations upon the portion of the canal lying between the two villages. In July of 1839 Commissioner William R. Thompson, who had charge of the construction of the Central Railroad, at his request was relieved of the charge of the canal and L.. S. umphrey appointed as Commissioner in charge. Hle reported that work upon the canal was progressing satisfactorily, and suggested to the Board the propriety of their recommending to the Legislature "that a change be made in the line of the canal near the village of Mt. Clemens so as to turn it into the Detroit River at the city of Detroit; a route which in my opinion PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 593 would greatly increase the utility of the work, while it would form a combination of interests sufficient probably to secure its whole completion. " The river route between Frederick and Mit. Clemens was evidently thereafter officially adopted, although the writer is unable to find that the river was ever dredged as was proposed. In March of 1840, a resolution was reported to the Senate providing that the canal from Rochester to Mt. Clemenes should be finished and put into operation as soon as practicable; " and the same is hereby located and continued so as to connect with Lake St. Clair at the mouth of the Clinton River at Belvidere; and that said continuation and connection shall be formed by means of a towing path to be constructed along the northerly bank of said Clinton River so as to form a complete connection according to the plan and survey of the same reported by Erastus Hurd under date of March 20, 1839. " In order that one may better appreciate the situation of the country at this time and as a not uninteresting diversion from the subject lulder consideration, it may be well to note that in the same report from the Commtissioner on Internal Ilnprovemlents, it appears that the Board had under the resolution of the LeIislature completed the work of constructinll the Central Railroad "from its termination at the Campus Miartius in the city of Detroit down Woodward avenue to its intersection with Atwater street. This work has been completed at a sum less than the amoutnt appropriated by the slatre for thae sltr f tt purpose, but the undersignied re'ret to state that since its completion, no use has been made of the same, and the apathy malnifested by those for whose convenience it was constructecd, seems stronogly to indicate the fact that as a 1)lublic thorolughfare it is perfectly useless." In his message to the Leoislature of 1840, (:overnor Woodbridge called attention to the pecuniiary liabilities against the estate inelured in the "prosecution of our gigantic project of internal improvements. " recommlending that measures be taken for meeting these obligations, and suggesting the expediency of providing that no allowances be Imade upon any contract, "except such as may have been entered into in the most perfect good faith." He further recommended that all existing authority on the part of the commissioners to enter into new contracts be either abrogated or at least suspended until ways and means shall have been provided. Another indication of the financial difficulties which were constantly arising is found in the petiton fromn some of the contractors and the alleged contractors on the canal dated at Utica, July 28, 1839, asking for relief because they had not received their pay and had been unable therefore to pay their laborers. It appears that in consequence of the failure of the state bank, many of the contractors were not paid for the months of February and M'arch until April, and that for the work done in April, May and June, they were paid by drafts on John Ward & Co., of New York. "'The wild-cat bank system"' then prevalent had rendered all financial matters so uncertain and unreliable that untold confusion and difficulty continually arose. Among these petitioners were names familiar to the older Macombl County residents like William Bee', James Snook, C. N. Chapell, Cyrus Gilbert, Williamn Adams, and B. B. Knight. By the annual report of the Board of Internal Improvements of 1841 it appears that Alvin Turner had been appointed principal engineer and Ludwick Weslowski assistant engineer, Maly 15, 1840; that there had been $32,897.18 expended from December 21, 1839, to March 31, 1840; that there was about $20,000 luniexpended of the amount appropriated for the canal; that it was estimated that in addition to this sumI about $21,800 would conmplete the canal from Rochester to Frederick; that the cost of improving the Clinton River from Frederick to MIt. Clemens, including locks into the river at Frederick, was estimated at $51,888.17; that the cost of completing the independent route to Mt. Clemnens, including the aqueducts necessary at Frederick, was $104,912.22. The Board expressed the belief that in spite of the increased cost "''should the tiime ever arrive when this canal would do suffieient business to indemnify the state for keeping it in operation, the independent route would be found to be the more judicious, permnanent and economical." This opinion was evidently based upon the report of E. A. IIathon, chief engineer, as he reviewed the relative costs and advantages of the two plans, and strongly recommended the independent route. The Board further reported that the dam across the Clinton River at Frederick on the mill property owned by the state had been washed away, causing a total suspension of the operation of the mill and a serious injury to the interests of the state; that the Board had authorized David French, the agent having charge of the property, and Alvin Turner, the canal engineer, to erect a dam of sufficient height and durability to answer the purposes 594 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of the mill and the canal; that the amount expended on that dam up to November 30, 1840, was $610.83, and the estimate necessary to complete the same, $710.97. In 1843 the Board of Internal Improvements reported that although $330,330.55 had been expended upon the canal, yet it was in such shape that it was of no practical use and was fast going to ruin and destruction. They estimated that the sum of $19,500 would complete the canal from Rochester to Frederick. This estimate included the construction of locks into the river at Frederick and the letting into the canal of Paint Creek as a feeder. The visions of great wealth and glorious markets along the canal had vanished and the Board cautiously expressed the hope that the business of the canal, if completed as recommended, together with the rental of water power, which would be furnished at Frederick, would be sufficient to maintain the works and perhaps provide a balance to pay the interest on the further investment of $19,500, which they recommended. In March, 1843, the Legislature adopting the recommendations of the Board, authorized the completion of the canal between Rochester and Frederick conditioned, however, that the work should not be let at a price exceeding the estimates of a competent engineer. In accordance with this, proposals were advertised for and received, but as all of them were higher than the estimates, no contracts could be let. The Board, in its report of 1844, reported this fact, but stated that the price of warrants for state lands had advanced sufficiently to make them more attractive to would-be contractors and expressed the belief that if the restriction to the amount of the estimates were taken off by the Legislature and a small amount appropriated to cover the expense of repairing the injury done by the last spring freshets that the canal could be completed from Rochester to Frederick practically within the appropriations. "The work is rapidly decaying and it is hoped that the Legislature will adopt means for placing it in operation, so that the portion of the work now nearly completed may be preserved from ruin and the inhabitants of that portion of the state through which it runs be relieved from the mortification of seeing a work on which such a large amount was expended entirely neglected and deteriorating in value every year more than it will cost to place it in a situation that will at least preserve it from decay and probably render it of some value to the state." In 1845 the last hope of profitable use of the canal appeared to have vanished, and although the committee on internal ilnprovements reported to the House in favor of a small appropriation for the purpose of locking the canal into the river at Frederick, and thus preventing the canal being a nuisance and a menace to the health of the inhabitants, the committee were careful to state that they had no hopes that the canal would ever prove a source of revenue to the state, but thought that possibly it might provide sufficient to take care of its maintenance. It was to this same Legislature that a recommendation was made that Woodward avenue be planked adjacent to the depot of the Central Railroad on the Campus Martius, thus making a continuous plank road from the depot to the Detroit River. To the Legislature of 1846 the Ways and Means Committee made a comprehensive report upon the internal improvements system which had been adopted by the state and which had proved such a disappointing failure. The entire system was estimated, when it was started, to be likely to cost some $10,000,000, and would probably have cost, had it been carried out, fully double that sum. The committee estimated that approximately $4,392,593 had been expended in carrying on this system of internal improvements, of which $392,965.91 was expended in the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal. The financial situation of the state rendered it hopeless that anything further could be done for the relief of the canal, and all hope of its completion was abandoned. It appears by the report of the Auditor General made to the Legislature of 1848 that out of the $406,152.37 which had been appropriated for the canal $405,880.77 had been expended. The net result of this expenditure of nearly half a million has been an artificial stream from Roches-.ter to Utica, which has acted as a mill race and furnished water power for a few mills and an open drain for farm lands from Utica to Frederick. The glorious dreams of white-winged argosies which were to make Mt. Clemens and Liverpool and Frederick great conmmercial markets faded away to one small flat boat, which, laden with a few bushels of grain, made one or two trips between Utica and Kibbee's Mills at Frederick. The melancholy excavation seemed to be an open grave in which were to be buried the hopes and dreams that misguided the enthusiastic minds of our early legislators, but let it not be thought that the system of internal improvements was worthless, nor without its beneficial results, disap PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 595 pointing though it was. As was pointed out in the memorial of the Legislature of 1848, appealing to the National Government for aid by the granting of alternate sections of lands along the lines of public improvements still owned by the state for the purpose of aiding in their completion, this expenditure was largely instrumental in the development of the country. At the time these improvements were projected, fully three-fourths of the land was owned by the general Government, and the prosperity and immigration which followed the adoption of this scheme had resulted in the purchase of the larger portion of this Government land by the settlers. This fact is emphasized by the rapidity with which lands were taken up all through this country from 1835 on. Many other enterprises were projected, villages laid out, railroads planned and like improvemnents contemplated, which were more or less the result of this policy of internal improvements adopted by the state. Elsewhere in this work will be found more elaborated mentions of the villages of Frederick and Belvidere, which are intimately connected with the canal movement. Among the improvemnents petitioned for to be made by the general Government in the memorial of the Legislature adopted 1839, was the removal of the bar at the mouth of the Clinton River, and in 1840 another memorial to Congress was prepared, asking for the appropriation of $10,000 for the improvement of a harbor and the erection of a light house at the mouth of the river, plans and estimates for which had been made. Another project which began even earlier, was the St. Clair and Romeo Railroad. Of this, Thomas Palmer (father of ex-Senator Palmer) was the President and H. N. Monson was Secretary and Treasurer. By their affidavits it appears that up to January 1, 1838, $8,793.68 was expended on the road which a year later had been increased a couple of hundred dollars. In March, 1837, an act was passed incorporating the Lake St. Clair & Frederick Railroad Company, which was to run from Frederick to some point on the lake, either Belvidere or L'Anse Creuse. Nothing appears to have been actually undertaken in the way of building this road. Another important and far-reaching result of the rash spirit of unrest that called itself enterprise that seemed to take possession of the entire state in the fourth decade of the last century was the illy-regulated banking system that grew up in connection with, or at least simultaneously, with these vast schemes of public improvements. Our first bank was not strictly of the "wild-cat" variety, since it was organized by special charter before the general banking law was adopted, and was theoretically a side issue instituted nominally for the purpose of affording a fiscal agent to provide the means of constructing a railroad from Mt. Clemens to Saginaw via Lapeer. Yet practically the distinction was slight, for the bank shared the same fortunes, suffered the same dangers, was the object of similar injunctions, and ultimately shared the same humiliating fate of extinction as did its truly "wild-cat " brothers. As early as January 20, 1834, a petition was presented to the territorily legislative council by John Stockton, Macomb County's representative, asking the incorporation of a bank to be located at Mt. Clemens. Gen. Stockton introduced a bill providing for a bank with a capital stock of $200,000, to be called the Bank of Macomb County, which he endeavored to have enacted into a law, but failed to do so. About the same time a move was on foot to secure a charter for a bank to be located in Shelby Township, to be called the Clinton River Bank. The temporary defeat in nowise discouraged Gen. Stockton, and although the next session of the council lasted only nine days and the attention of every one was drawn to the change from a territory to a state, through which Iichigan was then passing, he succeeded in getting passed "An act to incorporate the Macomb & Saginaw Railroad Company, and for other purposes." The "other purposes" proved the more interesting and important. Whether the construction of the railroad was ever seriously contemplated is not now known, but certain it is that nothing along that line was ever seriously undertaken. The story of the Bank of Macomb and of M\acomb County's "wild-cat" bank has been so well told by the Hon. Lewis M. Miller, the compiler of our State's statutes (whom Macomb County is proud to claim as one of her "boys") that the author feels he cannot do better than to appropriate bodily the results of Mr. Miller's researches. Speaking of the Bank of Macomb act, Mr. Miller says: "By its provisions Christian Clemens, John S. Axford, Neil Gray, Azariah Prentiss, James Brown, Rodney O. Cooley, and Lansing B. Mizner were appointed Commissioners to open books and receive subscriptions to the capital stock of the railroad company, which was to 596 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY be $1,000,000, divided into shares of $50 each. When 1,000 shares were taken the subscribers were to become a body corporate, by the name of the Macolmb and Saginaw Railroad Company. " A single or double railroad to be located by Israel Curtis, Jacob Tucker and Charles C. Hascall, was to be constructed from Mt. Clemens to Lapeer, and thence to the seat of justice of Saginaw County. Nine directors were to be chosen annually on the first Monday of October, and a president from among the directors or stockholders. Section 21 confers upon the stockholders of the railroad company the authority to establish a bank at Mt. ilemenis, with a capital stock of $100,000, divided into shares of $50 each. The banking corporation was to be known as "The Presilent, Directors and Company of the Bank of Ilacomb County," and its affairs were to be ananaged by the president and directors of the railroad company. Bills might be issued in lenominations of not less than one dollar, paybd)le on demand at the company's banking house, within usual business hours, in the legal money of the United States. Upon failure so to redeem its bills, the corporation was liaIle to be dissolved; subject, however, to the provisions of the act relative to banks, approved April 23, 1833, which allowed a limit of sixty days within which to make payment. Before bills were issued the entire stock of the railroad company was to be conveyed to the bank as security for their redemption, and the directors were to give collateral security to the territory for such redemption, until ten miles of railroad had been completed. Unless forfeited sooner, the charter was to remain in force for forty years. Many other provisions, limitations and restrictions, which it is unnecessary to enumerate here, are incorporated in the charter. The bank was not put into operation for more than a year after the charter was obtained. The majority of the stock appears to have been originally subscribed for by Gen. Stockton. Among the original subscribers appear also the names of Christian Clemens, Ruel Ambrose, H. IH. Farley & Co., James Brown (of "pirate" fame), S. F. Atwood (Capt.), Aaron Whitney, Jr., R. Steward, C. S. Mather, Rodney O. Cooley, DeGarmo Jones, of Detroit, Enoch Jones, Edwards Brooks, Ebenezer Hall (Doctor), Isaac J. Grovier, A. B. Rawls, Jacob Beekman, E. G. Pratt, George Lee, Jr., William Canfield (two sons-in-law of Judge Clemens), Mrs. E. K. Hawkins (daughter of Clemens, afterwards Mrs. Gallup), Miss Louisa Clemens (afterwards Mrs. Henry D. Terry), Daniel Chandler, James Williams, William Roy, William Vandervoort, of Tonawanda, N. Y., and Israel F. Hatch and Lucius 1t. Pratt, of Buffalo, N. Y. If there were other original subscribers, their names are lost, for the original subscription book disappeared very early in the history of the bank. It was destroyed by reasons best known to those who destroyed it. The following persons became stockholders at an early date by subsequent purchase: Aaron Weeks, James Sweeney, Cornelius O'Flynn, Charles A. Emerson, Dodge & Kibbee, Lewis Godard, George B. Martin, Richard Butler, R. Anderson, James C. Allen, Stephen White, of Boston, Daniel F. Webster, of Peru, Ill., Caroline Webster, Laura Weeks (mother of Congressmlan Edgar Weeks), Mary Stockton (wife of the General), John Norton, Jr., J. I[. Lathrop and S. F. Pratt, of Buffalo. In October, 1836, the following board of directors was chosen: Christian Clemens, Rodney 0. Cooley, William Canfield, C. S. Mather, Enoch Jones, Edward Brooks, Daniel F. Webster, Aaron Weeks, and Isaac J. Grovier. John Stockton was elected President. By the first of February two installments of stock, of ten per cent. each, had been paid in, and the bank was about to begin operations. Charles A. Emerson was then made cashier and bills were executed for the first time, bearing the signatures of John Stockton, President, and Charles A. Emerson, Cashier. The first business transaction of the bank was of a decidedly peculiar nature. It dates by courtesy on Saturday, February 11, 1837, )but was in reality executed on Sunday the 12th. William Vandervoort and Lucius H. Pratt, who then owned afcontrolling interest in the stock, as stockholders, took each $10,00( of the newly signed bills, leavingi notes of $10,000 each in place of them. They also took an additional $20,000, without leaving any evidence of indebtedness, to create a credit for the Malcomb County Bank with the Commnercial Bank of Buffalo, as they said. With this sum they left the county on the Sabbath, and a knowledge of the transaction was for a long time kept from a majority of the directors. When it became known, it created much dissatisfaction, and from that time date the hard feelings and mutual recriminations which characterize the history of the bank. Christian Clemens, Ebenezer Hall, Isaac J. Grovier and William Canfield speak of this transaction and others with much indignation. Besides the regular issue of bills, another was contemplated somewhat later, but not PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB~ COUNTY59 597' effeeted. William Vandervoort caused to be engratved. for the bank a plate of bills payable at Tfonawanda, N. Y. Impressions were taken and a few brought to MAt. Clemens, but none were ever signed. It was very doubtful whether the bank eould legally issue any such notes. We have now reaehed the period of WIlDj-CAT BANKS, a few of whieh made their appearanee in this county. This terin is applicable to those banki-s onty whieh were oroanized, under the general, banking law of 1837. Itenee, although closely allied thereto, the Maeonib County Bank. was not of that speeies. When the Legislature of 1837 eonvened, the whole state was wild on the slI)b'eet of bankingr. Petitions for tihe org~anization of lbanks came fromn nearly every hamlet and four-corner settlement in the S~-tait e. Ain.o n g them-i were two from citizens of i\Iacomib couinty for a: bank to be located at -Ronico, presented in the Ilouse by Linus S,-. (il-bert. The Legislafiure fiinally passed aR gVeneral law for tile oroamzation of bInlkIn8 cassociatiolls, whiiel w as approved Mfarch 15. Tihis act passed ali ost wxitmiot opposition. Only four relpresentcdtives voted1 aiga-inst it, one of whom wxas Is,ice Monfort, of -Maeomb county. teiide this act were orpanized the famlous 'wild-eat'' bcanks. THE BANK OF UTICA was the first one orgailized ill this couinty under tile geiuera~l law. Tfbc petition to the clerk and treasurer of tile county bears date ait Shelby, M-a,4y 18, 1887, and prays for tile orgall1MCiztion. of a, i.)ank wi th ai capital of 430,000. It is signed 1y Jaeol) Sumnniners, Pavne K. Leech, Jr., Esiii(r1 W. Aldriclh, Benjcamin TL. Wa,,tkins, L I Th urene-i 1 S'na ci iLatd(1, A. ('. IDesiolo, Gunrdon (. Leech, Onrson Sileldon, L. I). Owen, Johli Jani( 1s, Jamnes Covell ~Jr., and Jos. L(ester Onl tile 229d notice was given by Roduc x 0. (ooley, treasur1er, anud Amlos UIaby, clerk, that books wotld( be opened at iUtica on MHonday,\- June 26, -and kept open for four days, for subscriiptioni to the capital stock. Copies of tile notice, were lposted iil twelve of tile mlost public places ill the county by Abraiianlm -Freeland, then sileriff. QOl June 7, Johli Jam'ues was alppomnted telnjorary treasilrer to receive tile first installments oil sibscriptions, giving a bond to the elerk and treasurier, conditioned to pay over to tile easilier, when appointed, 0o1 the order of the diree tors, whien eleeted, the amnount paid to lhimf, or to returnn the saiiie to tile subscribers, if tile organlizationi of tile bank should not be comipleted. TIhe snlreties on thlis 1)011( were Grurdoii C. Leech, Lyman T. Jenney, Orson Sheldoi, and Payne K. Leeceb, Jr. On Augu~st 8.1. the(, newly elected direetors, Jacob Summ11er's, Orson Sheldon, Guirdon C.Leeeh, Payne K. Ljeceh, Jr., Ephraimn Calkins, Daniel W. Phifllip~s, Williamn A. Dalvis, G-Teorge Ilansoam, and John James, withl A. Freeland an11d Joseph Lester as suireties, ill presence of -Walter Portor aild William Abernathy as Witnesses, en itered into ilonds to the Audit()r GTeneral, in the penal sum of 441215,000, conditionedI for the punctual paymeien of,all debts, ittes, liabilities, aild obligrations, as reqllire(1 by J~aw. The ilext (lay a duplieate was filied vi dli tile coulnty clerk, ail(1 tilen a, certilicate, issile( by tile clerk~ anid treasurer wa,,s tied in the office of the Secretary of S'tate. shoving tile due or(aniizationl of tile Bank~ of UTtica, witih a eapital stock of 44,50,000. Jacob) Simmuuiers was elected tile first President an(l 44olm James appointed Cashier. At 50omW sllis( (j 11 lt election Gilrdonl C. Leeeh seems to lia-\e becem made President. Thus organized, the b~ank commenced business aout September 9, and eontinued opera - tionls a little more tilai a year, when its le2~al tribullations ibegall. In a(Iditioll to tile (lireetors ilailed,above, tile following'y1)- pr - sofls appear as stock~holders ill tile institiltionl: A. G. Find len, E. Endres, J. S. Fletcher, Josepil Lester, ShieldIon Ow1en. C. S. Ma~dison, A. Keenev, S. Ladd, A. B. Adams, 0. Steevens, L. D. Owen, aild A. ]Bond. On November 27, the bank madle tile following report: RESOUTRCES. Specie-~............... 5.0568.00 Notes of other banks, discounted bills, banking' iholse...... 215),7 21. 86 3 I1,2)8 9.8S6 LIABILITIES. Capital stoek........... 15,000.00 Circulation........... 14,2 25.0 0 D~eposits............. 2, 06 4. 86 4481.289.86 Perhaps the ba~nk ownled a house and l-ot at that timie, as reported among its resourees, but the deed of lot nine, bloek six, in Utica, f roni Gurdon C. Leech and wif e to the Bank 598 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of Utica, bears date March 10, 1838, nearly four months later. On March 22, the bank paid a semi-annual State tax of $37.50, and contributed to the "safety fund" in the State treasury, for the redemption of its notes, just $23.21. The holders of its $14,225 worth of bills must have fetched a long-drawn sigh of genuine relief when they read the State Treasurer's report for 1838. At the close of the year its affairs were in a sorry condition. Its liabilities were $33,753.04, while its only resources were $2,055.51 in real and personal property and $31.114 of discounted paper-more than $22,000 of which was due from stockholders and directors. The bank was utterly destitute of specie or any other ready means for the redemption of its notes. The bank commissioners took inmmediate steps to wind up the concern. A bill was filed in the court of chancery by the Attorney General. Chancellor Elon Farnsworth allowed a writ of injunction, January 5, 1839, and the days of usefulness of the Bank of Utica were ended. Its only reason for existence afterward was to play the part of shuttlecock to the legal battledoor. As Chancellor Farnsworth had allowed a similar injunction against the Bank of MIacomb County, just 364 days before, he must have indulged in a grim smile as he thought of the inexpediency of granting charters to any banking institutions in Macomb county. Meanwhile the bank's magnificent "safety fund" in the State treasury, had shrunk to $3.34, and what finally became of that is uncertain. Like all the rest of the bank's valuables, it probably kept on shrinking to infinity. Peter S. Palmer of Utica, was appointed receiver, February 4, 1840. His report filed in April, shows $8,306.05 liabilities, of which $4,770 was for notes still unredeemed. The resources were only $7,835.56, of which but $6,775.32 were considered available. Notes and accounts against citizens of Utica were generally considered good, while notes of other "wild-cat" banks were accounted worthless. The Legislature of 1842 passed an act to annul the corporate rights of certain banks among which was the Bank of Utica. Under that act the receiver caused an appraisal of assets to be made, April 29, 1842, by James B. Carter, James Covel, Jr., and C. B. H. Fessenden. This appraisal was signed by P.S. Palmer, receiver, by J. James, and Payne K. Leech, Jr., his agents. The total valuation was $2,462.77. Individual notes were appraised at from par down to fifty per cent; Shelby and Detroit railroad cheeks at par; the banking house and lot, which cost $2,015.98, at $806.39 or forty per cent; bank furniture, from seventy-five to thirtyfour per cent; a claim against the Detroit City Bank at thirty-seven and a half per cent. Then follows a batch of notes, "wildcat" bills and claims all thrown together without appraisement, too worthless to be considered. The shuttlecock had now been banged about by the battledoor, until it was too dilapidated for further use, and the game stopped here. THE FARMERS BANK OF ROMEO was the next venture. On October 30, 1837, a petition was drawn up for the organization of a bank with a capital stock of $50,000 to be located at Romeo, and( known as "The Farmers' Bank of Romeo." It was signed by Daniel Trombley, Jacob Coddington, George Finch, Martin F. Southwell, Asahel Bailey, Marvil Shaw, Isaac Brabb, James Thorington, Charles F. Snover, Benjamin Crissmlan, Abner Smith, Jr., Adam Armstrong, A. B. Cooley, Jas. Harvey, David Phelps, John A. Shaffer, A. B. Ayres, Ebenezer Kitridge, A. Prentiss, Orratus Hulett, Rufus Carpenter, John S. Axford, and Ephraim Graves. The books were opened for subscription on December 12th, in the "old red tavern." The capital stock was all subscribed, the requisite ten per cent installment being paid on the spot in gold coin, a scarce commodity in those (lays. John James of lUtica was appointed temporary treasurer, and he gave the usual bond, with G. C. Leech, 0. Sheldon, A. B. Cooley, R. L. Clark, A. B. Rawls, G. Gates, A.. Ayres, G. Rix, and J. W. Dyar, as sureties, and H. A. Tutner and I. Cummins as witnesses. Directors and a cashier were chosen, and John W. Dyar was elected president. An order for plates was made on a New York engraver, and in due time the bills were received. They were deposited for safe keeping in the Bank of Utica, but the great collapse came before any of them were signed by the officers of the bank, and all idea of further business was indefinitely postponed. Yet some of the bills got out and went on their way rejoicing in forged signatures. Martin Buzzell, still living in Romeo, had a $2 bill of that bank presented to him in 1838, while doing business at Natchez, Miss. Not having much confidence in that kind of currency, he refused to take it. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 599 Mr. John W. Dyar, still a resident of Romeo in 1882, informs me that the citizens of Romleo really wanted no bank at all; but a number of Pennsylvania "wild-cat" schemners had fixed upon that village as the scene of one of their nefarious swindles. In order to anticipate them, the more subtantial business men of the village organized a bank, and with the friendly aid of Messrs. James, Leech and Clark, of Utica, subscribed for all fhe stock. TIHE CLINTON RIVER BANK came next, and was the second of that name. The first, it will be remembered, was to be organized by special charter, and located at Shelby. The second was to be, of the "wild-cat'" species and located at Mt. Clemens. Its capital stock was to be $50,000, and books were to be opened for subscriptions on January 9, 1838. The petition was dated and filed November 29, having been signed by C. S. Mather, Frederick Hatcl, George Whitney, Porter Kibbee, G. C. Fletcher, E. L. Atkins, P.. Fletcher, James B. VanI Rensselaer, William Lewis, R. P. Eldredge, H. M. Dodge, James Williams, HI. J. Higgins, and R. F. Eastman. But the crash came like "An envious, sneaking frost That bites the first-born infants in the spring;" and the Clinton River Bank No. 2 went to meet its illustrious namesake. There was still another member of this "wild-cat'" family, which as Artemus Ward would say, was the most "amloosin' little cuss" of the whole litter. The general law having been changed soimewhlat, as to the mode of organization, a document was drawn up, on the 26th day of March, 1838, and filed in the office of the Secretary of the State four days later, certifying that a banking association had been formeld with a capital stock of $50,000, to be located at the villa ge of Belvidere-or "Belvidere City"and to be known as THE BANK OF LAKE ST. CLAIR. James L. Conger was its president; A. C. Iatch, D. B. Conger, S. A. Iathaway, C. W. Ilussey, S. G. Lanlgdon were its directors, and A. Wilcox, D. (1. Gurnsey and Edward R. Blackwell were the other stockholders. Bills were elaborately engraved and printed in abundance, but before they were regularly issued the bank was swamped by hard times and the city by high water. Together they "Came and faded like a wreath of mist At eve." The bills were extensively circulated by the boys of the adjacent country, and in some instances, no doubt, were passed as money upon the ignorant or unwary. Having now disposed of the "wild-cats"' let us return to our own domestic feline, THE BANK OF MACOMB COUNTY. That institution was not so easily killed. It had at least nine lives, to which it clung with a tenacity truly feline. Every known engine of destruction, front a private suit in chancery to an act of the Legislature, was vainly brought to bear upon it. Finally it died, choked to death by its own financial stringency. A sworn statement of the bank's affairs on June 8, 1837, shows its resources to be $61,331.71, of which $5,261.65 were in specie. Its paid up capital was $23,080; its deposits, $2,583; its circulation, $41,173. As the banking association conmmenced doing business in the little brick building on the north side of the public square, now included in John Roskopp's meat market (in 1882-now the office of the Gas Conmpany), it probably occupied the same for some time before purchasing it, as the deed of lot 1, block 1, original survey of Mt. Clemens, purchased of Aaron Weeks and wife for $2,850, bears date Mlarch 12, 1838. The business did not prove very profitable, and soon after the issue of the bills it became necessary to suspend their redenmption in specie. The longer the bank suspended, the longer it wanted to suspend, and suspensiion was the main feature of the business. In October the following board of directors was elected; Christian Clemens, William Canfield, Aaron Weeks, Isaac J. (rovier, Rodney 0. Cooley, William Vandervoort, Lucius H. Pratt, Enoch Jones and E. Brooks. Christian Clemens was elected president and Charles A. Emerson continued as cashier. On December 6 its resources were $95,570.88, only $5,657 of which were specie; its capital paid in was $35,420; its deposits $1,077.06 and its circulation $56.034. But trouble was brewing. The evil genius of the bank was aroused. Hiram Barnam, a business man of Detroit, had 260 bills of $1 each; 179 of $2 each; 154 of $3 each; 255 of $5 each, and 66 of $10 each, on the Bank of Macomb County. With these bills in his fist, fire in his eye, and Cornelius Clark at his back, he stalked into the office between the hours of ten and eleven o'clock on the 6oo PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY morning of December 19th and demanded an immediate payment to himself of $3,015 in the legal currency of the United States. Was the cashier taken back? Not at all; such scenes were not unusual. He coolly examined the bills, acknowledged their genuineness and the amount, but gave Mr. Barnam distinctly to understand-perhaps with ponderous emphasis-that he couldn't and he wouldn't pay those notes. All this in the presence of Cornelius Clark. Mr. Parnam gathered up his wealth, shook the dust of that bank off his feet and departed in high dudgeon. Ile never stopped until he found himself in Detroit, pouring his tale of woe into the legal ears of Hale & Crouse. A bill was filed in the court of chancery, accolllpanied by the affidavit of Cornelius Clark. Charles A. Emerson, cashier, and Henry 1-. Brown, of Detroit, filed counter affidavits, and no further testimony was taken. Chancellor Farnsworth allowed an injunction, which was issued January 6, 1838, and was served on the president and cashier, two days later, by Daniel Chandler, deputy sheriff. The bank was represented by Asher B. Bates and Henry N. Walker, and Peter Morey also appears in the case as counsel for complainant. To the credit of the bank it must be said that those bills were redeemed before the injunction was served. In October a third board of directors was elected, consisting of Aaron Weeks, Porter Kibbee, Williami Vandervoort, Lucius Pratt, John Norton, Jr., J. HI. Lathrop, C. S. Mather, Joseph Hubbard, and Charles A. Emerson retained as cashier. The bank had now been under injunction for a year, when the Legislature determined to know something of its true inwardness. As the institution was independent of the bank commi-issioners. the Legislature, by joint resolution, made Kintzing Pritchette and Alpheus Felch, then bank commnissioners, its special agents to conduct a legislative investigation. The examination was thorough and continued through the 8th and 9th of February. The president was the only person present, the cashier having gone to Buffalo. It is unnecessary to speak at length of this investigation. Suffice it to say that many things were not found that should have been found, and many more were found that should not have been found. Any further curiosity on the subject may be gratified by a reference to the cornmissioners' report, which, with accompanying exhibits, fills twenty pages in the Senate Documents for 1839. Before the cashier started for Buffalo he made and left in the bank a statement of affairs, dated January 5. After his return, fearing that the conmmissioners' report might "mislead the public as to the true situation of the bank," he carefully prepared and transmitted to Gov. Mason, another statement, dated February 23, much better adapted to public inspection than the first one. Both statements are included in the report. A comparison of the two statements is interesting. Between January 5, and February 23, the paid up capital had marvelously expanded from $35,420 to $105,420, its "loans and discounts" from $63,927.62 to $76,679.10; its credits in the Buffalo agency from $4,800.56 to $29,800.56; its specie, from $2,967 to $12,962.17; its total resources, from $107,470.33 to $145,650.06. The first statement showed a circulation of $64,325, but it was claimed that all but $37,560 was taken up and lying in the Detroit banks. The second statement showed a decrease in circulation to $31,585. All these changes are sulpposed to have taken place while the bank was under injunction and prohibited front the transaction of business. The report from the colmmissioners to the Senate was referred to the colmmittee on incorporations. That colmmittee finally reported a bill to repeal the charter of the M.acomb and Saginaw Railroad Company. The cashier came to the rescue with another affidavit, his favorite weapon of offense and defense. After consideralle discussion of the bill, all further action thereon was cut off by a joint resolution, introduced by Jacob Sulmmers, senator from Macomb, referring the commlissioners' report and all other papers on the subject to the Attorney General for his opinion andl app)ropriate action, if he found that there had been any violation of the charter. I have not been able to find any report from that official on the subject. The injlnction against the bank was d(issolved on Mlarch 13, 1839, but the case was not finally submitted until more than a year later. Chancellor Farnsworth, however, never decided the case. Up to this time nothing had been done towards the construction of the railroad, except scratching over a few feet of soil in Ashley's orchard, now part of the Latourneau property, and laying down two rails. Christian Clemens, Ebenezer IIall, Isaac J. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 6oi Grovier, andl William Canfield, in their written statement to the commissioners who made the investigation, affirm that the directors first appointed madle use of all legal measures for the commencement of the railroad l)y giving lawful notice to the commissioners for its location; but they were defeated by their sudden removal from office by the eastern stockholders. As the corporation was liable to dissolution for forfeiture of its charter in neglecting to construct the railroad, it was time for something to be done. A petition was circulated alnd nuerously signed by citizens of the county, prayingl for the substitution of a turnpike for the contemnlllated railroad. All hopes of a railroad were gone, and the citizens, wisely concluding that "half a loaf is better than no loaf," rejoiced for a tile in the prospect of a brand new turnpike. Alas! for the hollowness of humnan hopes! The turnpike was as visionary as the railroacd. The petition was l)resented in the House January 27, 1840, by John Stoceton, then a lmember froll MIaomb, and( was referred to the colmllittee o()n banks and incorporations. Three (dlas later -\r. Stockton offered a resolution, which was adlopted, calling on the lbank for a statelment of its condition and affairs. T he bank commissioner in his report had1 informed the Legtislature that "the MAIacomf) (Coulltv Bllak, it is said, has not closed its doors andl tile amount of its circul'ation is very limited and trifling, which they redeem on p)resentation." In reply to IMr. Stocktoln's resolultion, C. A. Emerson, still cashier. sll)bm1itted a sworii statement which slhowed the circulation to be $10,159. Its total resources were +151,853.81, only $1,221.13 of which were specie. Its paid in capital was $105,420. Its deposits oni dem;and were $473.92, to apply on debts, $20,917.54. For the first tile mention is now 1made of the railroad colmpany in connection with the bank affairs. We have seen that the charter required a transfer of all the railroad stock to the ba!u before tile issue of notes, as collateral seullrity for the redemption of such notes. I have found no such transfer, nor any record of approval by the Governor-probably because the railroad comlpayiv had nothing to transfer. As the investigation disclosed so many violations of charter provisions, we may very properly infer that this provision also was violated or only nominally observed, for now, three years after the issue of bills, we find the first itsemi of resources coming from the railroad to the bank to be the mere pittance of +$487.70. On February 19th the committee on banks and incorporations reported a bill to substitute a turnpike for a railroad, as the petitioners desired. After much hard work on the part of its friends the bill became a law on the 30th of March, 1840. It authorized the corporation to construct a turnpike "on the State road known and designated as leading frolm Mt. Clemens north through the township of Clinton, Macomb, and Ray." The assent of the county commlissioners was to be obtained, and the road was to be completed to their satisfaction. The corporationi could charge no toll, and was not required to keep the road in repair. A written assent to the act was to be filed by the president and directors. This was done, and ainong the directors signing appears the name of John J. Leonard. In 1841 the bank suspended business, practically, if not entirely. In 1842 the Legislature passed two acts annulling and repealino the charters of numerous banks. Among these appears the bank of Maconlb County, whose charter was conditionally repealed. In the case of The People vs. Oakland County Bank, decided in January, 1844, the supreme court held that the term "Bank of (akland Co1unty, used in the act of 1842. was not a sufficient designation of a corporation whose lname was "The President, Directors, and Company of the Oakland County Bank." As the saime decision applied to the IMacomb C'ounty Bank, the second attempt to reipeal its charter was also a failure. This situation of affairs continued until Alpheus Felch became Governor. It will be remembered that he was one of the investigating commissioners in 1839. Probably convinced that the institution was insolvent, he instructed the Attorney General to comlenlce proceedings in chancery to declare its charter forfeited. Certain expressions in his message to the Legislature of 1846 were evidently drawn out by a consideration of the condition of the Macomb County Bank. The Attorney General filed a bill on the 22d of December, 1846. Henry N. Walker was then Attorney General, and his official position required him to prosecute the bank he had so often defended. The bill alleged the insolvency of the bank, the suspension of business, the failure to elect directors, the neglect to construct either the railroad or the turnpike, and a consequent forfeiture of 602 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY its charter by non-users. It then prays for a dissolution of the corporation, appointmient of a receiver, and an injunction. The action is brought against "The President, Directors, and Company of the Bank of Macomb County," and Aaron Weeks, nothing being said about the railroad company in the title of the cause. The Bank of Macomb County was now brought once more f t fae to fae with its old acquaintance, Chancellor Farnsworth, but for a brief period, as the court of chancery was abolished by the Revised Statutes of 1846. The case then went into the "Wayne County Circuit Court in Chancery." The next appearance of Elon Farnsworth in this sketch will be in a very different position, and one which in view of his previous connection, is somewhat amusing. The defendants at first demurred, but afterward filed an answer. This was in 1847. Mr. Walker was no longer Attorney General, and he in partnership with Samuel T. Douglass and James V. Campbell now appeared for the bank. The answer denied the insolvency and admits the suspension of all business except the redemption and payment of its notes and obligations. This the defendants claimed to be able, willing, and ready at all times to do. They claimed to be organized as a corporation under the name of "The President, Directors and Company of the Bank of Macomb County," and not to be responsible for the acts or omissions of any other corporation. They knew nothing about the acts of non-user or mis-user on the part of the railroad company, and claimed that such acts could give no ground for relief or discovery against them, and they submitted to the court their rights and liabilities under their charter. They further claimed that the forfeiture of the railroad company could not be tried in that cause. For the purpose of hearing, it was admitted that neither the ten miles of railroad nor the sanie length of turnpike had been completed by the Macomb and Saginaw Railroad Company, but that after the passage of the act of 1840, the company commenced the construction of the turnpike and expended thereon about the sum of $1,500 prior to the passage of the act of 1842 abolishing the office of county commissioners; and they made no further expenditures in the construction of said turnpike after the passage of the act. These things were admitted merely for the purpose of hearing, or making a case, and may or may not have been facts. The banking company desired a decree separating its own incorporation from that of the railroad company, and it was willing to admit anything that would work a forfeiture of the railroad charter. In fact nothing would please them more than to be rid of the whole railroad and turnpike encumbrance. Whatever work they did on the turnpike was in the way of surveys, but there is no record of any permission granted the company by the county commissioners to perform any such work. The Legislature of 1836, among many others, had laid out a State road to be known as the Macomb and Saginaw Turnpike. This is probably the State road alluded to in the act of 1840, substituting the turnpike for the railroad. The case was not argued and submitted until December 13, 1850. On March 4th the case was decided, and an order entered dismissing the bill and proceedings. An appeal to the supreme court was taken, and there the case rested for some time. Meanwhile the bank had been revived and re-organized by Henry C. Kibbee and associates. This occurred in 1851, and Charles Emerson, who had so long made statements and affidavits for the bank, gave way as cashier to Mr. Kibbee. The "whirligig of time" had been just as active in the history of this bank as in the history of greater concerns, and in one of its unaccountable freaks it now turned up our friend Elon Farnsworth as president of the Bank of IMacomb County. A majority of the stock was held by Chicago parties. In 1853 Mr. Farnsworth resigned his position, and W. S. Gurnee, then mayor of Chicago, was elected president, and James G. Tucker, cashier. William Hale, Attorney General, in his report to the Legislature of 1853, speaking of the case against the bank, says: "The appeal was taken with the view, chiefly, to prevent as far as practicable the adjudication of the court of chancery from becoming a bar to further proceedings. So far as appears by the record sent up to the supreme court, on the appeal, few of the important questions arising upon the facts charged in the bill of complaint, are presented for adjudication. The review of the case by the supreme court, will not, therefore, necessarily be final, nor will it directly determine the validity of the corporate rights claimed by the bank." Speaking of the repeal of the charter, he says: "There 4* PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 603 can be no doubt as to the right of the Legislature to interfere, so far as the railroad charter is concerned. The bank itself claims immunities, which, if well founded, place it beyond legislative control." Gov. McClelland, in his annual message to the same Legislature, says: "The charters of all the banks doing business in this State, excepting the MIichigan State Bank, and the Bank of M:aeomb County, are under the control of the Legislature. In regard to these two the bill holder had to depend entirely on the honesty, probity, and ability of the officers and stockholders.'" Concerning the Macomib County Bank alone, he says: 'The bank ostensibly ceased to transact business some years ago, but has been recently revived. No tax was paid the State by this bank until a few weeks ago, when one was paid under the law regulating the tax upon banks. If the charter is valid, a large amount of taxes is yet due from it; if it is not, the State is not entitled to receive any tax from it, as it might be viewed as countenancing its legitimacy.'" After its re-organization the bank commenced making reports to the State Treasurer, and paying specif.ic taxes. The first report is dated October 4, 1852, and shows $295,160.00 resources, of which $39,476.75 are gold and silver. Its paid up capital was $100,000; its circulation,.190,168, less $2,500 on hand; and its deposits $4,921.50. Shortly after this report was rendered, the tax was paid, which is alluded to by Gov. MleClelland. It amounlted to $1,396. In January, 1853, the case in the Supreme Court was argued and submitted. That court affirmed the decree of the lower court, dismissing the bill and sustaining the validity of the charter. The Bank of Macomb County. having now risen superior to the three branches of the State gLovernmentlegislative, executive and judicial-had no more worlds to conquer. It was then left in peace, to die a natural death in its own appointed time. In December, 1853, a payment of $1,603.22 specific taxes was made. On January 2, 1854, the bank reports $644,955 resources, of which $76,331.23 were in coin; $250,000 paid up capital stock; $10,044 in deposits and $384,911 circulation. Its report of December 28, 1854, shows only $298,138.16 resources, of which but $7,619.74 were gold and silver; capital stock, $25,000; circulation. $39,334.50; and deposits, $2,190.76. Such sudden changes are somewhat bewildering. In the spring of 1855 the stock changed hands and Henry C. Kibbee was made president. On May 30 the bank paid three installnents of $1,079.10 each, as specific taxes, due respectively April 1, 1854, October 1, 1854 and April 1, 1855. A corresponding installment due October 1, 1855, was not paid when due and perhaps not at all. The bank's report for December 26, 1855, shows $235,884.37 resources; $19,138.76 in coin; $150,000 capital stock; $75,268 circulation and $3,605.78 in deposits. After this I find no mnore reports of payments of specific taxes. During the crisis of 1857, this bank in common with other western banks, suspended payments. Mr. Tucker retired from the position of cashier in the same year, and A. L. Guerber acted as cashier until March, 1858. Then the stock again changed hands. Ilenry C. Kibbee resigned and disposed of his shares, when his brother, Porter Kibbee, was elected president. It must have been at this time that a gentleman by the name of Graves took the position of cashier, but I cannot speak with certainty, nor have I been able to ascertain his given name. He remained here so short a time that he seems almost forgotten. Under this management the bank continued but a few months.. Before the close of the year it had succumbed to fate. Financial weakness did what no other power could do-rid the State of an unmanageable elephant on its hands. After mentioning several MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS I will close. During the consideration of the bill to incorporate the Oakland County bank, in 1836, Senator John S. Barry tried to incorporate a provision allowing the establishment of the bank in either Oakland or Macomrb county. On February 23, 1838, a bankers' convention was held in Detroit to consider questions of interest to their fraternity. Gurdon C. Leech represented the Bank of Utica in the convention. In 1839 Mt. Clemens was designated as the location of one of the branches of the State Bank of Michigan. It was not established, however, and the whole project was abandoned in 1842. In 1840, while the bill "to authorize the anticipation of certain installInents of the $5,000,000 loan," was before the Senate, Senator Jacob Summers endeavored to have the bank of Macomb County in 604 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY eluded with others in the bill. In 1842 the good citizens of Mt. Clemens were sorely vexed with a plague of Detroit city shinplasters. These were little due bills issued by the city corporation, ranging from 121/ to 75 cents in apparent value. They came like the locusts of Egypt, making life a burden, until Mt. Clemens could bear it no longer. A pettition, numerously signed, was forwarded to the Legislature and presented in the House of Representatives by D. C. Walker, praying for the passage of a law to prohibit the circulation of Detroit shin-plasters. CHAPTER VIII. OLD FAMILIES AND ENTERPRISES OF MT. CLEMENS AND VICINITY. (Realizing the impossibility of giving a connected statement of the progress of Mt. Clemens in all its details after it became more than a mere hamlet, and believing that the most interest in the matter would center in the personal features of the history of the place, the writer has deemed it the best method to take up such residents of Mt. Clemens as played a prominent part in its development, and in connection with biographical notices of their lives to give as much information as possible concerning the business enterprises of the place. No one will realize more thoroughly than does the writer the incompleteness of this chapter. Many should be mentioned who were as prominent and worthy as those named here, and much could properly be told of the lives of those mentioned, which, from lack of knowledge, time and space, has perforce been omitted. The writer has endeavored to avoid duplicating information which he has reason to expect will appear in the biographical sections of this work, with the preparation of which he has had no part, and to the most of which he has had no access. No attempt has been made by the writer to make a complete list of the children of the parties whose sketches are given below, but usually only those are named who have remained in and have played or are now playing a part in the history of the county.) Christian Clemens, the pioneer settler of Mt. Clemens, was born in Montgomery or Bucks county, Pennsylvania, January 30th, 1768. In 1795 he came to Detroit, where he engaged in the manufacture of leather. The exact date of his coming to Mt. Clemens is difficult to determine, although it has been given as 1798. However, we find him a voter at an election held at Detroit Jan. 14th, 1799. All through the history of the southern portion of the county there are frequent references to the work of Judge Clemens, which need not be repeated here. We find him a member of the Grand Jury that in September, 1809, indicted Gov. Hull for remitting a $50.00 fine imposed upon John Whipple for contempt of court because he called Judge Woodward "a damn rascal." During the War of 1812, Christian Clemens was compelled to live at Detroit, a large portion of the time on account of the Indian depredations. He was confined in the British dungeon during the time the British had control of Detroit after the surrender of Gen. IHull. We find his name among the list of subscribers to the fund for the purchase of gunpowder at that time at the breaking out of the War in May, 1812. He was appointed LieutenantColonel of the militia in command of "that part of the battalion which resided near the river Huron," and he continued until his extreme old age to be an active power among the community and in the state in all the movements which tended to the material progress of the county. He died at Mt. Clemens, August 25th, 1844. Mr. Clemens was a descendant of the early Dutch settlers of Pennsylvania, a fact which was apparent in his speech; a man of medium height, strong pronounced features; retaining his mental vigor and activity even after his years had made him a tottering and apparently feeble old man. HIe was for a long time Justice of the Peace, Chief Justice of the County Court, and Probate Judge. His legal education was limited, but his sound colmmon sense and sense of justice came to his rescue in his judicial positions. lie is remembered to have declared that Blackstone might be all right, but it wasn't much of an authority in his court. Upon coming to Mt. Clemens, Christian Clemens brought as members of his family, in addition to Mrs. Clemens and their children, two children of Mrs. Clemens by former marriage, viz.: James C. Allen and Mary, afterwards the wife of Colonel Stockton. The children of Judge Clemens, who lived to maturity, were IHarriet, who married Dr. George Lee, March 11th, 1828; Ann, who married William Canfield May 13th, 1830; Elizabeth, who married Sydney S. Hawkins, April 23d, 1833, and after his death, Edward C. Gallup in 1838; and Louise, who married Henry D. Terry in February, 1845. Of General Will PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 605 iami Canfield, many mentions have been made elsewhere in this history. He was the father of Frank H. Canfield, a prominent attorney of Detroit; James A. Canfield, now living in Mt. Clemens; of the late Judge Arthur L. Canfield; the late William J. Canfield and of the late Augustus H. Canfield. William Canfield died October 6, 1877, and his wife, August 6, 1879. Dr. Lee, the husband of the oldest daughter of Judge Clemens, was one of Mt. Clemens' earliest physicians, and built the large residence still standing at the corner of Market and Walnut streets. His oldest daughter, Catherine, was the wife of Joshua B. Dickenson, and mother of the first wife of George IM. Crocker, and hence the grandmother of Mrs. Judge S. W. Knioht. The sons of Mrs. Dr. Lee have been active members of the journalistic profession in Mt. Clemens and elsewhere in Michigan; Walter T. Lee having been connected with the Monitor and other papers of Mt. Clemens and his son, Talmadge Lee, still being in the printing business of Mt. Clemens. Of Henry D. Terry, mention is made in the chapter on the Bench and Bar of the county. None of his children, Dwight Terry, Henry errrry and Mrs. Julia )wight, are residents of this county. The only child of Elizabeth Clemens Gallup, Mattie Gallup, married Frank E. Crittenden of Chesterfield township, where her two children are still living. Mr. Gallup died August 28, 1877, aged 69, and Mrs. Gallup, March 30, 1889, aged 77 years. Capt. James C. Allen, a stepson of Christian Clemens, married March 1, 1831, Elizabeth Hayes, daughter of Joseph Hayes of Marcellus. His oldest child, Mary, was the first wife of George F. Lewis, and his only other child was Matilda, the wife of Andrew S. Robertson. Of the descendants of Mary Stockton. stepdaughter of Christian Clemens, none to the knowledge of the writer are residents of the county, except Robert W. Stockton. a grandson. There were two daughters and three sons: Ann, who died unmarried; Julia, the first wife of Andrew S. Robertson, and Craton, Adolphus and David. Another Allen of the early days of Mt. Clemens, was Ezekiel Allen, a cousin of James C., who came here as early as 1817 from Springport, Cayuga County, New York. He built a tannery on the bank of the river back of where now stands the Wilson block, and a little later a store on the hill on Front street, where for a long time he ran a shoe shop. He also built a store used as a dry goods store, which was removed when Geo. Nichols built a brick block on the river side of Front street. He also at one time owned much of the Court street block opposite the Court House, and there he had his home for some time. In his house was held some of the sessions of the County Court. He was chosen Justice of the Peace and was in 1829 one of the prominent candidates for County Treasurer. December 2, 1821, he married Lavenia Russell, who had come from Batavia, New York, with the Atwood and Cady family. He died in 1837, survived by his widow (who died in 1880) and six children: Gideon, who died in 1849; Emily, Mrs. William Tucker, and mother of Porter Tucker of Detroit; Harriet E., Mrs. Alex Shelp of Detroit, who died in 1902; Mrs. Frances Parshall who died many years ago in Mt. Clemens; Mary, Mrs. Martin Dietrich of Laingsburg; and Marion, who still lives in Mt. Clemens. Rutter-Another family intimately connected with the Clemens family, is the Rutter family. Ann Rutter, sister of Christian Clemens, came to Mt. Clemens with her children in 1834, after the death of her husband, Thomas Rutter of Maryland, a sea captain and United States Surveyor. Among these children were Thomas Rutter, for many years a resident of Mt. Clemens and later of RoImeo; William L. Rutter, Harry Rutter, who afterwards made his home in Detroit, and four daughters: Mrs. Webb, who remained at MIt. Clemens only a short time; Mrs. Dalby, IMrs. Jaines and Mrs. Dickinson. Later a fifth daughter, Mrs. Eastman, came from their home in Philadelphia. William L. Rutter was a carpenter and joiner by trade, was one of the first trustees of Mt. Clemens village in 1851, was constable in the village for 23 years successively. Hle married March 13, 1856, Miss Emma Campbell, whose sister Edgar Weeks married. Mr. Rutter, his wife and oldest son, W. Harry, are still residents of Mt. Clemens. Keturah Rutter married Amos Dalby, the very competent county clerk and register of deeds, who held those offices in the 30's. They lived on what is now Cass avenue, very nearly on the site of the homestead of the late E. Wright Hall. After the death of Mr. Dalby she married John James, who after her death married her sister, Adeline Rutter. Julia Rutter married Horace H. Dickinson, a nephew of John S. Park, one of Mt. Clemens' earliest tailors. The Dickinson family moved afterwards to Detroit and later to Ypsilanti. Harriett M. Rutter married Robert M. Eastman, a native of Vermont, who came to Mt. Clemens in 1835 and was 6o6 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY for many years one of its leading and most active business men. He was at one time located on the northwest corner of North Gratiot and Macomb streets, where he lived and also kept a store. Here his first wife, a sister of Frederick I-atch, died December 4, 1836. Later his store was located on the corner of Cass avenue and Gratiot where he at one time had Edward C. Gallup as a partner. After his marriage to his second wife, they built the family residence still standing on the corner of Cass avenue and Walnut streets, then deemed quite out of town. The four children of Mr. and Mrs. Eastman, Frederick R., Arthur R., Julia and Mrs. Fannie (George R.) Law, are still residents of Mt. Clemens. Mr. Eastman died while engaged in mercantile business in Mt. Clemens, August 12th, 1849, and Mrs. Eastman, October 26th, 1902, at the age of upwards of 84 years. Dickinson-Hatch. In 1836 to Mt. Clemens from Vermont came Frederick Hatch and his wife and family. His wife was a half sister of Joshua B. Dickinson, whose father and mother came to MIichigan in 1841 and located in Mt. Clemens in the following year. Mr. Dickinson engaged in the mercantile business, but in a few years became interested in the old Romeo & Mt. Clemens Plank Road and in the real estate business. By his thrift and good judgment he accumulated a considerable fortune and by his integrity, liberality and fair dealing, acquired a large circle of warm friends throughout the county. In politics he was a stanch democrat and for many years was chairman of the county committee. In 1852 he was elected County Treasurer, reelected in 1854 and subsequently elected Register of Deeds. In 1846 he married Katharine Lee, daughter of George Lee, who died August 8th, 1856. About the same time, Mr. Dickinson lost three children, and the remaining years of his life, his interest centered around the only surviving child, Katharine L., who in September of 1870, married George M. Crocker. Mr. Dickinson died in May, 1879, while holding office of Mayor of the city. Mr. Hatch was for a long time Justice of Peace in Mt. Clemens and was engaged in various other enterprises. Of his large family of daughters, one married Adolph Guerber, who was prominent here in connection with the Liverpool enterprise, and is now living in Brooklyn, New York; one married James G. Tucker, Cashier of the Macomb County Bank, and father of our present Circuit Judge; one married Mr. Fraser and died many years ago, and two died at Mt. Clemens unmarried, Martha, in 1875, and Louisa, in 1881. Another sister of Joshua Dickinson married Henry M. Dodge, who was for years one of the merchants of Mt. Clemens. They later removed to Minneapolis. Another sister was Mrs. P. B. Thurston, spoken of in connection with his life. Still another sister was Mrs. E. R. Blackwell, whose husband was recognized as one of the most skillful constructors of dams, and who was largely interested in the work of the Clinton and Kalamazoo canal. Still another sister was Mrs. Porter Kibbee, who with his brother Henry Kibbee, for a long time was proprietor of Kibbee's mill, which made Frederick a successful shipping point of the county. Jere Kibbee at one time who was Mt. Clemens' most prominent dentist, who later removed to Port Huron, was another brother of the Kibbee family. Prescott B. Thurston was born in Barre, Vermont, April 7th, 1807. He came to Utica in a very early day and was among the best beloved of the school teachers there and kindly remembered by many of the older people of that vicinity for the thoroughness of his instructions and the excellence of his friendly counsel. He was elected Judge of Probate for the county in 1836, defeating Judge Christian Clemens, who had held the office for eighteen years. About this time he removed to Mt. Clemens and remained a citizen of the county's capital until his death, February 18th, 1866. He was a Whig in politics until the formation of the Republican party, when he entered its ranks. He was defeated in 1840, and again in 1841 at a special election, but only through erroneous spelling of his name, and in 1848 was re-elected and from that time until January 1st, 1861, he presided in the Court that cares for the widows and orphans of this county. In the elections of 1848, 1852 and 1856, he was pitted against Lyman B. Price, Harlehigh Carter and Philo Tilson. He was also for several years Justice of the Peace. He married Prudence, sister of Joshua B. Dickenson and lived for some time in the house he built on the west side of Gratiot street, now known as "The Oakland." He and his wife were prominent and active members of Mt. Clemens society of their day. Mullett, John. While not a citizen of Macomb county it may be of interest to know something of the life and personality of the surveyor whose handiwork is left to us in Mullett's survey of the larger part of old Mt. Clemens. He was born in Halifax, Wind PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 607 ham County, Vermont, July 11th, 1786, and came with his father's family to Genesee County, New York, in 1807. He was a member of the Buffalo Home Guards during the War of 1812 and was present at the battle of Black Rock. In 1818 he came to Detroit and for a time engaged in the tailoring business, but this trade was not suited to his active disposition, tastes, intellect and temperament. ie had great taste for mathematical studies and his acquirements in those branches were considerable. He became an excellent engineer and surveyor. In 1821 he was appointed surveyor of Michigan by Gov. Cass, and was much employed in the years following in engineering duties and in laying out the streets and avenues of Detroit. In 1822 he was appointed United States deputy surveyor and while so engaged took part in a fracas with the Indians that gave its name to the stream called Battle Creek. From 1831 to '34 he was largely engaged in Wisconsin and he laid out many villages in that state and this. tie surveyed the road from Pontiac to Saginaw and located the University lands in 1830. In 1853 he removed to Meridian township, Ingham County, where he died January 10th, 1862. Atwood Family. Peter Atwood came from Genesee County, New York, to Mt. Clemens in 1821, having in 1810 married Lucy Cady (nee Hutchins), who with her children of her first husband, accompanied him. He started on the farm long known as the Edgerly farm, and later as the Israel T. Parker farm. He died in 1826. All his children, as well as his stepchildren, married here and they and their families are important factors in the county's history. One daughter became Mrs. James C. Edgerly, and long lived on the farm just referred to. Mr. Edgerly was originally from Massachusetts but came in 1822 from Genesee County, New York, to Mt. Clemens, then a hamlet of eight dwellings, the court house, one general store, a shoemaker shop, a blacksmith shop and a cooper shop. r. Edgerly died there Nov. 13, 1856. Among the children of Mr. and Mrs. Edgerly were Jane S., wife of Jesse 0. Ferris and mother of Mrs. Marion (Dr. Henry) Taylor, of Mt. Clemens and of James Ferris; Mrs. Amanda (Edward) Fishpool and Henry Edgerly. Another daughter married one Bingham and later Merrill. Her three daughters became the wives of three of Mt. Clemens' most active citizens, namely, Thomas L. Sackett, Giles Hubbard and Aaron Weeks. Another daughter, Euphemia, married Alfred Ashley, son of Thomas Ashley, who came from Batavia, New York, to Mt. Clemens in 1820, of whom mentions are found in the history of early Mt. Clemens. Alfred Ashley for a time ran the Ashley Tavern which he built, and also ran a store. In 1845 he moved into Chesterfield and later founded the village of Ashley (now New Baltimore), and for a long time and until his death in 1857, was its most prominent citizen. His grandson is still a resident of that village. One son of Peter Atwood, Sylvester F., was for years one of the prominent lake captains whose home was always at Mt. Clemens, where he died in 1888. His son, S. Park Atwood, is a resident of Detroit. The oldest son of Peter Atwood was Hiram, for many years after 1822 the owner of the Atwood farm in section one of Clinton, the father of Mrs. Jonathan!Widrig of Mt. Clemens, and grandfather, through Hiram Atwood of Mrs. M. M. Smith, Mrs. F. J. Hole and Mrs. A. H. Kent, all of Mt. Clemens. Of the stepchildren of Peter Atwood, Lucy married Silas Halsey, the one-time tavern keeper of the village. Chauncey Cady was an active pioneer after whom Cady Corners was called, and Horace H. Cady, who long lived in section 35 of Macomb, now owned by his son, John C. Cady. Chauncey Cady was very active in his later days in all pioneer gatherings, where his unfailing fund of anecdotes and keen wit and humor made him most welcome. Louis T. Cady, the exSheriff and present Alderman of Mt. Clemens, is his son. Horace H. Cady was long a prominent citizen of Macomb Township, its Supervisor several times. He married Susan Conner, of the John Conner family, and he and his wife each lived to be upwards of 80 years of age. Sackett Family. In about 1829 four brothers, sons of Lemuel Sackett of English descent, came from Pittsford, New York, but earlier from Connecticut, into Macomb County. These were Noahdiah, Lemuel, Ralph and Robert. Sometime later another brother, Daniel, came and settled near Marshall in this state, but never made his permanent home in Macomb County. Robert Sackett was lost at the time of the burning of the steamer "Erie," while still unmarried. Noahdiah Saekett built the first grist mill at Frederick and also a saw mill. These Sackett mills were the ones sold to Horace Steevens, the founder of Frederick. Noahdiah had been for many years a teacher in his eastern home, and continued that work in the new 60o8 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY country during the winter seasons. His son, George S., came at the age of 18 with his father from New York and was associated with him in most of his business enterprises. Shortly after the sale of the mills they moved from Macomb county and none of his descendants are now residents of this county. Mrs. Cornelius S. Perry of Lansing is a granddaughter. Of the quaint humor and keen wit of Ralph Sackett, many stories have been handed down. He located on the farm, for many years now known as the Louis Fox farm on the south branch of the Clinton River, and later for a short time lived in the hotel at Frederick and afterwards built the house long occupied by the Rutter family on the corner of South Gratiot and Church streets in Mt. Clemens. Here he died in February of 1862. Hie was the father of Mrs. William M. Campbell and of Thos. L. Sackett, the one time Judge of Probate, who for many years held a novel and influential position in Macomb county political circles. He (Thomas L.) was a Republican, but his successful methods of reaching the hearts of the followers of the opposite political camp created so many "Tom Sackett Democrats" that he was always sure of election long after the Democratic regime had started on its almost uninterrupted quarter-of-a-century control of all its county offices. He was married to Mary Bingham of the Atwood family and left two children, Fred L. and Jennie Lewis, neither of whom now live here. He died in 1875, while Judge of Probate, having held that office nearly seven years, and that of Register of Deeds for six years. Another inmate of the Ralph Sackett homestead was Frank Gabriel, who had been taken when a child of six by Ralph Sackett, and who from that date until his death at the age of about 75 was always connected with the Sackett family. No whiter heart than his ever beat under a black skin. He was faithful to his friends and true to himself and no Sackett was ever known to hesitate to recognize and welcome him, and they could well be proud to claim him as a friend. Lemuel Sackett, Jr., was born in Massachusetts, November 8, 1808, and died at Mt. Clemens, January 16, 1882. From about 1829 to 1854 he lived upon the farm selected by him, the second farm up the river from that occupied by his brother Ralph. Before coming to Macomb county he had married Mary Miller, the daughter of John Miller, who had come from Scotland before 1800 to Brighton, New York. John Miller and his family followed the daughter some two or three years later and took up land in the southwestern portion of Clinton. He was the father of Dykes Miller (b. 1806, d. 1889), for many years a prominent farmer of Clinton, whose children, Robert and James, are still residents of the county; of John Miller, who returned to New York state and there died; of William, James, Jefferson and Helen, all of whom died unmarried; and of Elizabeth, wife of Harry Harrington and mother of Mrs. William S. Donaldson of Mt. Clemens. In 1854 Lemuel Sackett removed to Mt. Clemens and there lived until his death. He was deacon in the Presbyterian church for over twenty-five years, once Postmaster of Mt. Clemens and always a respected and helpful citizen of the community. Of his children, Lemuel M. Sackett, the surveyor, Mrs. Francis M\. Campbell and Mrs. Martha (Theodore H.) Traver, all of Mt. Clemens, are still living. Two sons, John and Robert, sacrificed their lives in behalf of the country during the Civil War. Campbell. A family associated with the Sackett family by marriage is the Campbell family. The most prominent member of the family here was William M., who was born in Livingston County, New York, Sept. 27th, 1817, the son of John Campbell of Scotland, who came to the United States in 1794. William M. came to Mt. Clemens in 1836 and taught school here for a year and then returned to New York. In the fall of 1842 he returned to Macomb county and settled here permanently. lie taught school and later engaged in the manufacture of pumps at Frederick, being associated with that business, as well as in farming, with his brother-in-law, Thos. L. Sackett. After the death of Mr. Sackett, he carried on the management of the farms alone, at one time owning both the Welts farm at Frederick (now the Hacker farm) and the Conger farm at Belvidere (now the Cottrell farm). He was an earnest thinker, and omnivorous reader, an advocate of many advanced theories of finance, agriculture and politics, too enthusiastic in his support of his ideas for his own financial welfare at times. He and his wife were ardent Abolitionists, and supporters of the temperance and woman suffrage movements. January 17th, 1844, Mr. Campbell married Mary E., daughter of Ralph Sackett, at Frederick. To them one son, William T., was born, who now lives in Texas. He married Mary, the oldest daughter of Giles and Eu PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 6o9 phemia Hubbard. Mrs. Mary Sackett Campbell was a woman of most admirable and lovable type, living a life of devotion to her family and her ideals, which were of the highest. She was born January 17th, 1823, and died at Mt. Clemens June 12th, 1890. Mr. Campbell died at Frederick Oct. 18th, 1898. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, as a daughter of the house, lived for several years after she became an orphan, Fannie Gilbert, the daughter of Thomas Gilbert, one of Mt. Clemens' early blacksmiths, now Mrs. lIasen S. Pingree of Detroit. In the declining years of Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. Pingree filled again most beautifully the position of daughter of their house by her kindness and thoughtfulness of their comfort. Robert S. Campbell, 'a brother of William M., was for many years a farmer in this and Oakland Counties. HIe married Frances M., daughter of Lemuel and Mary (Miller) Sackett. Their only child, Mattie, was the wife of Milton H. Butler. Another brother, Tompkins Campbell, was here for a short time and returned to New York State. A fourth brother, Dr. Alexander Campbell, a most able and skillful physician, was here from 1835 to 1837 engaged in the practice of his profession, being associated most of the time with Dr. Philo Tillson. The finding of the dead body of an Indian concealed in a barn in the village led to such excitement on the part of the Indians. who threatened dire vengeance on Dr. Campbell, that that worthy gentleman thought discretion the better part of valor, and left this part of the country. THE GLASS WORKS. Hall and Grovier Families. In 1835 from Woodstock, New York, where they had operated a glass factory, came to Mt. Clemens, Dr. Ebenezer Hall and Isaac J. Grovier, his son-in-law, and purchased from Christian Clemens the site of the pumping station of the Original Bath and Hotel Company, long known as the glass-factory property, later as the Salt Well property. The glass factory was operated for some eight years or thereabout, but never for a great length of time with financial profit. At one time it was rented to Jeremiah Folsom and operated by him. After its abandonment as a factory it was rented by the Jennys, who operated a stave mill in the block next west and used to pack ice in. The marsh hay used to pack around the ice becoming dry in the following summer furnished tinder that caused the destruction of the building in January, 1853. Dr. Hall was a prominent and popular person in Mt. Clemens for years, famed alike for his kind-heartedness, his medical skill, his unfailing good humor and his quaint, quick wit. Of his seven children all but two spent their entire lives after 1835 with their homes at Mt. Clemens, and those two a large part of their lives. Miss Zamira Hall died here at the home of her sister, Mrs. Forster, within the last ten years. Mrs. Mary Fiero, Mrs. Olivia Grovier, and Mrs. Eliza (Rev. Thos.) Forster, were daughters, and William Hall (died at Mt. Clemens unmarried in 18-), John (who died in the south during the war, unmarried) and E. Wright Hall, for many years a prominent merchant of the place, father of William Hall, were his sons. E. Wright Hall married the daughter of William Beer, who came from New York in the early 30's, built a saw mill in company with Snook near the Parrott farm east of the village, and later worked on the canal locks. Mrs. Geo. Fenton of the Fenton House is a granddaughter of Mr. Beer. Rev. Thos. Forster came from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to take charge of the Presbyterian church here. Failing health compelled him to give up active work in the pulpit, and he thereafter made his home here. Miss Mary Forster, Thomas Forster of Mt. Clemens and John Forster of Shelby are his children. Dr. Hall built the house on East street, still standing, the eastern-most in Block 44, where he died July 2d, 1865, aged 82. Isaac J. Grovier long lived in a house where now stands the Avery House, having added largely to the James Connor house there, and after his death the family built and lived where now stands the Capt. Dulac homestead. Mrs. Charlotte (William) Diehl and Mrs. Alice (Frederick) Lonsby are his daughters. Isaac Grovier, the youngest son, is in Kansas. The other three sons, George and Arthur, now deceased, and Edwin H., of Mt. Clemens, for years continued the business carried on in their lifetime by Dr. Hall and Isaac J. Grovier. Shook and Traver Families. In 1845 from Hudson on the Hudson River came Capt. Jacob Shook, and his son-in-law, John I. Traver, with their families, and purchased private claim 172, including the Fulton and Irwin farms in Harrison. In a short time, Mr. Traver sold out his interest to his fatherin-law and moved into the village. Capt. Shook continued to live on this farm until 6ro PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY his death, April 11th, 1863, at the age of 83. He was the father of Theron Shook, who owned the present Fulton farm; of Robert Shook, and of two other sons who remained in the East, and of one daughter, who married Henry Teats (a cousin of John I. Traver); one daughter, who married David Shook, and of two daughters who were the first and second wives of John I. Traver. Theron Shook was the father of Jacob Shook, of Aurora, Ill., of Mrs. Elizabeth (Columbus C.) Hall of Macomb township, and Gertrude Chase of Mt. Clemens. Robert Shook (son of Capt. Jacob) and his wife, Sophia, were the parents of Robert and Eugene Shook, still residents of Mt. Clemens; of Mrs. William E. Hall and Mrs. W. B. Hubbard, also of Mt. Clemens, and of Egbert Shook and Phillip Shook, now deceased. Henry Teats, who married one of the daughters of Capt. Jacob Shook, was one of the most prominent citizens of Harrison Township for many years, having been Supervisor of the township for three years and Register of Deeds of the county for four. Edward Teats, now of Mt. Clemens, Jacob Teats of Kansas, Robert Teats and Mrs. Henry Campau of Iarrison, were among the children of that marriage. John I. Traver, twice son-in-law of Capt. Jacob Shook, had been, prior to his coming to Michigan, a merchant and officeholder in his New York home and private secretary to one of the Livingston family. After his coming here he was for many years Supervisor, for four years Register of Deeds of the county, and a frequent officeholder of clerical positions. He at one time, in partnership with a man by the name of Barry, ran a nursery directly opposite where now stands St. Joseph's Sanitarium on North Avenue. He died June 1st, 1872, aged 72 years and seven months. His widow, Lucinda Shook Traver, died Sept. 24th, 1900, aged 89 years and three months. MZrs. Ada (John E.) Van Eps and Mrs. Kate (Moore) Stephens were children of John I. Traver by his first wife, and Theodore II., Edward, Eugene, Arthur and Robert H. (Detroit merchant), were sons of the second wife, while Mrs. Mary (James F.) Brennan, Mrs. Allie (George) Harrington and Mrs. Adelaide (George) Harrington of Detroit, were daughters of that marriage. Van Eps & Company. One of the business firms of longest standing of Mt. Clemens bore the foregoing title. John E. Van Eps, the elder brother of the firm, came to Mt. Clemens from Geneva, New York, in February, 1844, when just past twenty-two years of age. In July of that year he, in company with George Wylde, bought the tannery standing where now Capt. Jno. Tucker has a coal yard, from Edward C. Gallup. In October following he was joined by his brother, George B. Van Eps, and the three ran a tannery, and in the following spring started a harness, shoe and boot store. The tannery continued to be run by the firm until the death of George B. Van Eps in 1887 and the store continued under the management of Charles, son of George B., for some years longer. The Van Eps brothers bought out their partner, Wylde, in about 1848. In 1863, upon the death of Moore Stephens, the two Van Eps brothers, with Theodore Traver, brother-in-law of John E., bought the dry goods business that had been run by Stephens, and from then until about 1874 the two businesses were conducted by them. At about the later date Traver took the dry goods business and the Van Eps brothers turned their entire attention to the leather business again. Associated with them for a time, with a branch store at Romeo, was Samuel Fitch, brother-in-law of George B. Another brother, Abram, came on from the east in 1845, but died the same year. A half-sister, Susan, also came to this place for her home and was stricken with the cholera in 1849 while on a visit to her sister. MIrs. Loucks, at Belvidere. William Loucks, a harness maker, had married Eliza, the sister of the Van Eps brothers, and came to Mt. Clemens in 1846 from Ohio. Ile died here leaving his widow and two children, Fannie M., wife of Robert Welts, who died in February of 1905, and Charlotte, wife of G. M. Chase of Ludington, Mich. Another sister, Margaret, had married Robert Watterson, a carpenter and joiner, and they came to Mt. Clemens also and made their home here thereafter. Mrs. Allie (Hliraml) Atwood, and Mrs. Susan (A. Martin) Keeler and Miss Adeline Watterson of this city, and Mrs. Kate (Gosling of Detroit were their children. John E. Van Eps married February 2d, 1848, Ada, daughter of John I. Traver, and with his wife is still living in this city. Of their children, Arthur E., Kate, Maud, Ada M. (Mrs. Dr. Wm. C. Tennant), and Effie (Mrs. Otto Bartley), are residents of this place. The others were Frank and Allie (Mrs. Henry Ferris). Mr. Van Eps has been President of the village and Mayor of the city. George B. Van Eps married, first, Maria Ashley, daughter of Alfred and Euphemia Ashley of Ashley (New Baltimore) and, see PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY bII ondly, Mary, a daughter of Benj. Robertson, and later Matilda Fitch of Albion, New York. Mrs. Marie (Spencer B.) Russell and Mrs. Mattie (Geo. L.) Fulton of this place are children of the last marriage, besides whom are Charles II. and Mrs. Mary Ward of Chicago. Geo. B. Van Eps died in April, 1887, and his widow, Matilda A., in September, 1900. William Lewis was born in Massachusetts in 1799 and came to Mt. Clemens with his wife in about 1832 from Bunker Hill. Ile was a carpenter by trade, but active in many other lines of work, and at one time ran a livery stable here. HIe was at one time associated with Aaron Whitney, Jr., in the property on the corner of Front and Macomb streets, where now stands the Ullrich Bank and where Whitney for a number of years ran a store. He sold this property to Jere Folsom in 1836. In 1835 he purchased from Davis, who had a couple of years earlier bought from Clemens the site of the present Macomb county jail. Here Lewis for many years lived with his fanily. He joined the "forty niners" and thereafter lived in California, where he died in 1884. lle was a man of strong personality and many eccentricities. George Frederick Lewis, his son, had been a printer and publisher at Port Huron, and soon after the year 1854, returned to Mt. Clemens and established the Peninsular Advocate. Its office was located in the "Leviathan" block on Front street. Later Mr. Lewis removed to Saginaw aind the Advocate ceased to exist. At Saginaw, Mr. Lewis was connected with prominent papers, and was for years editor of the Saginlawian, and a recognized power in newspaper circles in the state. IHe was one of the original members of the Old Crowd of Mt. Clemens and a constant attendant at its meetings until his death May 30th. 1889. Itis brother, William A. Lewis, is still a resident of Everett, Michigan. Frances, daughter of William Lewis, married Norton L. Miller, July 4th, 1843. Mr. Miller was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, December 2d, 1815, and came with his family into Ray township, this county, in 1840. lIe was a miller by trade, and most of his life was actively connected with the mills of Macomb and Oakland counties. Ile was elected Register of Deeds of the county in 1856 and 1858. In December, 1861, he went to the Lakeville mills in Oakland county, owned by his brother-in-law, Neil Gray, which he operated for six years. Returning to Mt. Clemens in June, 1867, he was elected a mem ber of the Legislature the following year and re-elected in 1870. Lewis M. Miller, long prominently connected with the Legislature of Michigan as Clerk of the House and of the Senate, and Compiler of the Statutes of Michigan; William N. Miller, present Deputy Sheriff of the county; Fannie M. Russell and Abner P. Miller of Mt. Clemens, and Mrs. Millie (Preston) Keith of Buffalo are their children. George Fred Lewis married first a daughter of Capt. James C. Allen. and secondly a sister of Andrew S. Robertson, the attorney. Iorace II. Steevens was born in Sharon, Connecticut, August 29th, 1799, and came to Macomb county in 1833, and in 1836 platted the village of Frederick. Iie purchased the mills built by Noahdiah Sackett and in partnership with his brother, Frederick L. Steevens, ran the same until they were sold to the Michigan State Bank. In 1841 he removed to Pontiac and later to Waterford, where he owned and ran mills. He returned to Frederick in 1847, where he died in March, 1849. He was for years postmaster of Mt. Clemens, having been appointed by Van Buren. He served two terms as Associate Judge of the County Court. He was a member of the Legislature of 1845 and one of the Commissioners appointed to locate the state's prison at Jackson. Iie was married to Henrietta C. Petrie. Of his children, Henry H. Steevens of It. Clemens; Clark D. Steevens of Macomb township, and Mrs. Cora (William) Jenney of Frederick, are still living. Three other daughters were Mrs. Mary (Gen. David TH.) Williams of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Marion Edgar of Detroit, and Mrs. Annette (William J.) Canfield. Henry H. Steevens was born in Clairmont, New York, September 14th, 1826, and married to Eliza Miller, January 1st, 1848. She was a daughter of Milton Miller, brother of Norton L. Miller, who came from Massachusetts. Mr. Steevens served through the Mexican War, having abandoned his legal studies to enter the army. Mr. Steevens and wife are living with their family at Mt. Clemens. Cora, the daughter of Horace Steevens, married in February, 1866, William Jenney, who came with his parents to Macomb county in 1843. Mr. Jenney served through the war, having entered the service as a captain and commissioned as major in 1863, and raised to a colonelcy by Gov. Croswell in 1865. He was admitted to the bar in 1866, elected to the State Senate in 1876, Secretary of State in 1878 -1880, postmaster Mt. Clemens eight years. 612 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Their son, William S. Jenney, is now one of the active members of the Macomb county bar. Frederick HI. Steevens, brother of Horace Steevens, a merchant in Detroit and kept his residence there, although largely interested in Frederick property. His son, Sears Steevens, was at one time a resident of Sterling township, and a grandson at one time a merchant in Utica. In 1838 on the northeast corner of Court and Macomb streets was started a mercantile business which was destined to be one of the most long-lived of Mt. Clemens business enterprises. It was started by John Stephens, who came from London, Ontario, and opened a general store. About the same time came Moore Stephens, who in about 1842 was received as a partner by his brother, John, in this business. For them in 1842 and 1843, Oliver Chapaton was clerking, and in 1851 he became a member of the firm of Stephens and Chapaton, which continued until 1860. During this time John Stephens, who had always been actively engaged in other enterprises than this store, was interested with Robert F. Eastman in a grain elevator and warehouse standing where Fleumer's grist mill now stands. His association with Mr. Eastman continued until Mr. Eastman's death. Later Mr. John Stephens removed to Detroit where he died in 1881. Between 1848, when John Stephens retired from the firm of J. and M. Stephens, and in 1851, when Mr. Chapaton became connected with the firm, George C. Fletcher was associated with Moore Stephens under the firm name of Stephens & Fletcher. After the retirement of Mr. Chapaton from the firm, Moore Stephens associated with him as partner Theodore H. Traver, and for three years the firm was Stephens & Traver. Upon the death of Moore Stephens in 1863, Van Eps & Co. purchased the business, and from then until about 1874 the title of the firm was Traver, Van Eps & Company. For a few years Theodore H. Traver ran the business alone and then sold to Grovier Bros., who combined the business with their drug store, which had been run by their family for a great many years. The retirement of Edwin H. Grovier, surviving partner of Grovier Bros., in 1902 marked the passing of this mercantile house which for upwards of sixty years had been one of the most prominent in Mt. Clemens. Of the men who had conducted it, Oliver Chapaton, Edwin H. Grovier and Theodore H. Traver are still residents of this city. Moore Stephens married Kate, second daugh ter of John I. Traver, and for a great many years had his residence in a large house on Gratiot avenue south No. 72. His brother, John Stephens, built and for a long time lived in the house next south, now the home of Mr. and Mrs. Carney. Mrs. Kate S. Stewart, proprietress of the Sherman Iouse, is his daughter. Three brothers of John and Moore Stephens were also for a short time residents of the county; Robert at Mt. Clemens, who soon returned to Toronto; James, for many years at Utica, and Henry at Romeo, later of Detroit. Geo. C. Fletcher, son of Jesse Fletcher of Windsor County, Vermont, was born June 13th, 1817, came to Mt. Clemens in 1836 and spent the remainder of his life here and in Detroit connected with mercantile life. He married in 1836 Eliza G. Hough. He was the father of Emma Farrington and Betsey Canfield Burt, now living in Europe, and George W. Fletcher, now a resident of Menominee. Mr. Fletcher died at Mt. Clemens October 25th, 1897. Samuel S. Gale, son of William Gale, was born in Genoa, Cayuga County, New York, January 4th, 1819. His father was a teacher, builder and farmer. In 1842 he came to Michigan, and for a time taught school at Pontiac; was admitted as an attorney-at-law at that place in 1846, and the next year opened a law office at Farmington, where he married Miss Mary Collins, daughter of one of Oakland County's pioneers. In 1852 he was principal of one of the schools at Ann Arbor and three years later returned to the dry goods business at Farmington. Upon the organization of the Union school at Mt. Clemens he was selected as its principal. In November, 1862, he entered into partnership with Charles Sturtevant in the hardware business, and in March, 1864, purchased the interest of his partner. He continued the hardware business until into the 80's in the stand now occupied by the Ullrich Hardware Company, his successors through his son, George C. Gale, Clarence M. Stephens and Reuben C. Ullrich. His children were George C. Gale of Detroit, and Cynthia Gale Palmer of Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Gale were prominent and active members of the Presbyterian church, and took a lively interest in the social, educational and business prosperity and progress of the place. Mrs. Gale died February 22d, 1889, and Mr. Gale November 16th, 1893. Charles Sturtevant, above referred to, was also at one time partner of Benjamin Rob PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 613 ertson, another of Mt. Clemens' citizens, engaged in the hardware business. Mr. Robertson was the father of George W. Robertson; of Mary, second wife of Geo. B. Van Eps, and Frances, wife of Dr. Burt, one time one of Mt. Clemens' prominent practitioners, later of Chicago. The business conducted by Robertson was afterwards carried on by Geo. W. Robertson and his partner, William Daley, later by Crittenden & Posner, by Posner & Czizek, Czizek Brothers and at present by Casper Czizek. Among the tailors of Mt. Clemens the middle of the last century was William Roy, who married Ann Connor, daughter of John Connor, March 25th, 1832. He was for many years keeper of the toll gate after the establishment of the Detroit & Mt. Clemens Plank Road Company. Edward, R. B. and Harry Roy of Mt. Clemens, are his grandsons. James and Charles Williams were also tailors in Mt. Clemens, but each was at times interested in the general mercantile business. James Williams married Mary, a sister of George C. Fletcher. They were the parents of Frank F. Williams, an attorney of Detroit and Chicago, now deceased, and of Mrs. Julia (James) McGarvey of England. Gilbert Longstaff, born in England, first settled in America in Canada, but in 1837 became one of the pioneers of Macomb County. He first bought government land in Richmond township, but soon after removed to Macomb Township, where he continued to live until his death in 1872. His three sons came with him from England and became prominent and life-long residents of the county, John and Richard in Macomb Township and William in Macomb. John Longstaff married Sarah Van Horn, and their five daughters were Mrs. Helen (Henry) Bellman, Mrs. Rose (Van) Chapman, Mrs. Esther (Henry) Warren, Mrs. Julia (Thomas) Warns, and Mrs. Allie (Henry) Alberts. Richard Longstaff, who died also in 1872 (November), was married to Rachell Van Horn, and to them two children were born, Mrs. Mary (Preston) Bentley, and Alfred A. Longstaff. William Longstaff, who early settled in Mt. Clemens, married Ann Ruth Van Horn, and of their three children, two, George H. of Mt. Clemens, and John of Detroit, are still living. Miss Elizabeth Longstaff, a daughter, died in Mt. Clemens in 1902. William Longstaff learned the printers' trade and was for some years one of the proprietors of the Macomb Conservative Press, the predecessor of the Mt. Clemens Press. He was chosen for several of the local offices and for upwards of forty years was one of the constables of Clinton Township and Mt. Clemens city. He was appointed Under-Sheriff by Sheriff Dekay, and upon his death in 1887 became acting Sheriff of the county. His integrity, faithfulness and trustworthiness were such that he occupied an enviable position in the community. He died here in the city, August 31st, 1891. Bruno Van Landeghem was born in Belgium in November, 1818, a son of Jacob Van Landeghem, and came to Mt. Clemens in 1848. He operated the North Branch Flouring Mills for seven years; engaged in the grain and pork business at Mt. Clemens, and from 1859 on to the time of his death was interested in the stave manufacture. His mill and yard for years occupied most of the block lying between Walnut, Macomb, Cherry and New streets, and during the last few years of its existence was located on the bank of the river opposite and above Terry street. He had a large business and was so successful that he accumulated no small fortune. His sterling worth and integrity, his wholesome common sense and liberality endeared him to all. He was the trusted counselor and friend particularly of the large number of his countrymen who, largely because of his being here, now form a large element in our population. In 1884 he built the Van Landeghem block on Walnut street. He died in October, 1894, leaving one son, Frank, now of Mt. Clemens, and four grandchildren, children of Bruno Van Landeghem, Jr. (born at Mt. Clemens, 1854, and died 1885). His wife was Melanie Vanrenterghem, sister of the Rev. Fr. Vanrenterghem. CHAPTER IX. MT. CLEMENS, THE CITY. The circumstances surrounding the incorporation of Mt. Clemens as a city have already been referred to. The impetus received in public affairs by this incorporation and the erection of the new court house and county jail combined with the building boom which occurred at about the same time, to make the city the scene of great activity and prosperity. Since that time its progress has been steady and continuous without any unhealthy mushroom growth. In politics the city has usually been strongly Democratic, but a sufficiently large body of independent voters has always existed to secure the election of officers of the opposite party on occasions when 614 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY strong dissatisfaction arose. The Mayors of the city have been as follows: Joshua B. Dickinson, April, 1879; George M. Crocker, June, 1879-1881; Spencer B. Russell, 1881-3; Judson S. Farrar, 1883-5; John E. Van Eps, 1885-87; George W. Robertson, 1887-8; William J. Daley, 1888-9; Thomas M. Crocker, 1889-1891; Andrew B. Chapin, 1891-2; William C. Tennant, 1892-4; Andrew T. Donaldson, 1894-98; William D. Wilson, 1898-9; Reuben C. Ullrich, 1899-1901; William F. Berry, 1901-2; Martin Crocker, 1902-03; Albert A. Parisot, 1903-04; John 11. Westendorf, 1904 to 19 -The Clerks of the city have been as follows: Henry W. Babcock, 1879; James G. Tucker, 1880; Augustus C. Dahm, 1881; W. Iarry Rutter, 1882-86; Charles A. Fitch, 1887-91: W. Iarry Rutter, 1892; Arthur E. Van Eps, 1893-4; Spencer J. Dalby, 1895-7; Henry C. Benton, 1898-1902; William F. Kraeht, 1903, to present (1905). The Treasurers of the cily have been as follows: George H. Pelton, 1879-80; Jacob W. Shook, 1881-2; Bruno Van Landeghem, Jr., 1883-4; Alexander Jacobi, 1885-90; Anthony Czizek, 1891-4; John H. Westendorf, 1895-7; Paul Lefevre, 1898-9; Alphonse D. Lefevre, 1900-01; Edward Paya, 1902-03; William H. Miller, 1904-05. The most of the offices of the City Officials are to be found in the basement of the Court 1Iouse, arrangement having been made for a long lease thereof for that purpose at the time the city provided for the building. After considerable and lengthy agitation for them a system of water-works was provided for in 1888 and installed in that year. It has been very much extended and improved from time to time until at the present time its estimated cost has been about $105,000. The bonded indebtedness of the city on account of its water works is at present $20,000 only. The pumping station and wells of the systems, including the very tasty little park about them, cover about four acres of ground on the bank of the Clinton, just below the crossing of the Gratiot Turnpike. Until 1901 the source of the water supply was the Clinton River, but that year saw the digging of the first of the twenty-two wells from which at present the supply is drawn. These wells were put down at a total cost of little over $7,000, and have avoided the necessity for the great expense of going to the lake for a water supply. The pumping station is equipped with two 80-horse power tubular boilers, two 1,000,000 gallons non condensing Blake pumps, and one 3,000,000 gallons Worthington triple-expansion engine, thus having a capacity of five million gallons per day. The amount pumped at present will average about one million gallons per day, needed to supply the twelve hundred and fifty water-takers. The receipts for the last fiscal year from water-takers were about $14,500, a sum large enough to provide for all expenses and leave a comfortable sum to assist in making extensions and improvements. Capt. Thos. J. Hoyt was Superintendent of the water works plant from its installation to September, 1889, since which time Herman H. Orbits has filled the position with general satisfaction on the part of the city officials and the public generally. The present members of the Board of Public Works, under whose general supervision the water works are managed, are William C. High, Spencer J. Dalby, John Kuhn, Arthur E. Van Eps and Jas. F. Byrns. On the 24th of May, 1905, the electors of the city at a special election then held determined to bond the city for the sum of $120,000 for the purpose of making many much-needed improvements about the city and the refunding of a portion of its existing indebtedness, which was drawing a high rate of interest, approximately $85,000 for the former purpose and $35,000 for the latter. These bonds have since been issued and negotiated. This move leaves the city with a bonded indebtedness of about $171,000, and will provide for the most of the pressing municipal improvements that will call for larger amounts than can be provided for from the ordinary income of the city. The total receipts of the various city funds, including special assessments, during the fiscal year ending in October, 1904, was nearly $90,000; the assessed valuation of the property in the several wards for the same year being: 1st ward, $1,906,300; 2nd ward, $2,366,150; and 3rd ward, $1,420,100. The annual appropriation bill passed by the Council in May, 1905, provided for the expenditures of $53,437.75 in the maintenance of the municipal affairs and the public improvements contemplated aside from the special assessments that might be imposed for such improvements. Although street lighting and the furnishing of commercial electric light, is in Mt. Clemens a business transacted by a private corporation, the nature of the business and the success of the plant has been such as to make this a matter of public interest. The PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 615 first electric lighting in Mt. Clemens was in the Fountain Bath House, and furnished by a small electric light plant installed there by R. O. Meldrum & Sons in 1888. December 16th, 1889, an ordinance authorizing the establishment of electric works in the city with permission to use the streets for its poles and wires was adopted by the City Council. This authority and permission was granted to Wilbur F. Davidson of Port Huron, Alexander Jacobi and William S. Donaldson of Mt. Clemens. These three, under the name of A. Jacobi & Company, built the plant on the east bank of the river just south of Crocker avenue and sold the same to the Mt. Clemens Electric Company, a corporation organized in the following year with W. S. Donaldson as its President and Alexander Jacobi, Secretary and Treasurer, who have ever since continued as such officers. The capacity of the plant on the start, consisted of one 500 (16-candle power) light incandescent machine of the single phase alternating current type, and one direct current series arc light machine of the capacity of 30 lights (6.8 amperes). Current was first turned on to the arc lights March 30, 1890, the switch being turned by Mrs. Cecelia (George M.) Crocker. The incandescent light circuit was opened one week later, the switch being turned by Alexander Jacobi, Secretary and Treasurer. Upon the starting of the plant, the incandescent lighting was furnished at a flat rate, ranging from one to two dollars per month for each 16-candle power light. For commercial are lights, the rate ranged from $6.50 to $10.00 per month per light. The first contract made with the city for street lighting made the same year as the plant was installed, was for nine lights at the rate of ninety dollars per light per year to burn on what is known as the all night moonlight schedule. The company very soon proved that the time was ripe for a successful electric light plant in Mt. Clemens, and the growth of its business has been continuous and so large that enlargement of the plant and installation of larger and more approved machinery has been constantly called for. In 1904 the plant was entirely rebuilt, the present building consistino of cement and faced cobblestone, stands upon the site of the original plant, and is one of the most handsome and unique structures in the city. The seventy-five foot chimney built of cement and cobblestone is said to be the only one of its kind known in the country, and attracts the attention of builders and architects from all over the country upon their visits here, not only by its novelty, but by the perfection of the workmanship upon it. The reconstructed building cost approximately $14,000. The present rates for commercial are lighting is from $5 to $6.50 per month per light. The present contract with the city for street lights (6.8 amperes) is for 108 lights running on the all-dark-hours-every-night-in-the-year schedule for which the company receives $58.12 per light per year. Incandescent lighting is furnished on the meter systen, the rate being twenty cents per K. W. with a sliding scale of discounts for prompt payment which nets the company an average about eleven cents per K. W. The present capacity of the plant is represented by 250 K. W. incandescent lighting and 200 6.8 amperes series direct arc lights. The voltage of the incandescent lighting machinery is 2,280 volts primary and 110 volts secondary. Aside from the electric light which the comlpany furnishes to its 600 consumers, it is furnishing electric current for ten or twelve 110 volt s. ph. motors with a capacity of from one-half to five-horse power, rates for which motor service average about five cents per K.W..The motive power for the plant (which runs continuously) is steam; the engine capacity consisting of two high speed Ball engines of 250 and 125-horse power respectively, and one Lansing high speed engine of 225-horse power, and the boiler capacity of three 125-horse power, tubular horizontal boilers. The fuel used is the Hocking nut coal, approximately 3,000 tons being used each year, the cost of which averages the company about $2.75 per ton. The business of the company is so thoroughly systematized that its work outside of its office is conducted by nine employes. Aside from this public lighting plant, private electric lighting plants have been installed in the Park and Colonial Hotels and St. Joseph Sanitarium, and also in the factory of the Mt. Clemens Sugar Company. The banks of the present Mlt. Clemens are three in number, all enjoying substantial prosperity and the utmost confidence of their patrons. The Mt. Clemens Savings Bank, the oldest of the three, was incorporated in 1877 with a capital stock of $50,000.00. It has been preceded in the banking business in Mt. Clemens by the private bank of John W. Porter & Company, the company being George A. Skinner. Daniel C. Tilden & Co. (one Morton of Detroit), had organized and car 6i6 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ried on a private bank in Mt. Clemens some two or three years prior to the coming of the Porter firm, but the enterprise had proven a financial failure. Porter & Co. had, however, by better business methods, succeeded in building up a substantial banking business, which, upon the organization of the Mt. Clemens Savings Bank in 1877, supported as it was by nearly all of the then substantial business men of the place, was very largely increased so that in a short time the success of the new institution became assured and pronounced. The President of this bank ever since its organization has been Oliver Chapaton. John W. Porter was its cashier from its organization until January 1st, 1882, since which time George A. Skinner has occupied that position. The statement of the business of this bank, furnished upon the last call of the state officials, showed the total resources of $1,098,959.78; surplus and undivided earnings, of $97,403.59; commercial deposits, $138,728.82; savings deposits of $811,411.04. A statement of September 1st, 1905, would show an increase of about $70,000.00 in resources, $22,000.00 additional commercial deposits and $53,000.00 additional savings deposits. The Mt. Clemens Savings Bank enjoyed exclusive possession of the banking field of Mt. Clemens until June 1st, 1882, at which time the banking house of Ullrich & Crocker commenced business. This house was carried on as a private banking house until the organization of the Ullrich Savings Bank, June 1st, 1893, with a capital stock of $100,000.00. Paul Ullrich was President of the new bank until his death, December 15th, 1897, after which the present incumbent, Ernst J. Olde, was selected for that position. Paul J. Ullrich has been cashier of the bank since its organization. The official statement of the bank made in May, 1905, shows total resources of $729,487.64 with a surplus and undivided earnings of $76,344.20; commercial deposits, $106,020.83; savings deposits of $447,122.61. A statement of September 1st would show a proportional increase in the resources and deposits corresponding to the increase noted in the Mt. Clemens Savings Bank. In 1900 the third bank, the Citizens' Savings Bank of Mt. Clemens, was organized with a capital stock of $50,000.00. The positions of President and Cashier of this bank have been filled since its organization by Andrew T. Donaldson and Milo W. Davis respectively. In May last the total resources of this bank were $366,851.67; the surplus and undivided earnings, $13,859.22; commercial deposits of $73,148.95; savings deposits, $229,789.50. Mt. Clemens as a city has no schools, but the city is included in Union School District No. 1 of Clinton and Iarrison, which was organized February 20th, 1857. The District includes small portions of the townships of Clinton and Harrison in addition to all of the city. For a history of the schools taught in and about Mt. Clemens prior to the organization of this union district, reference must be had to the careful compilation made by Wesley Sears in 1882, and published in the former history of Macomb County. The first annual meeting of the newly organized district was held March 9th, 1857, at which time $11,000.00 was voted for a school building. Previous to the completion of the three-story building thus erected school was taught in the old academy and in the schoolhouse of District No. 7, which was situated on South Walnut street near the corner of Maple avenue. In 1861 the third story of the new building was burned by fire, which started by the tower being struck by lightning. In 1875 an additional building was constructed upon the same lot with the high school building. Demands for increased school room have been met by the construction of the Grant street and Court street schools and the Dickinson school on the east side, and by the construction of the present large and wellequipped high school building. The Dickinson school was opened in April, 1896, and the new high school building in April of 1902, the latter at a cost of about $40,000. The superintendents of schools in this district have been as follows: Samuel S. Gale, 1857-59; O. A. Hotchkiss, 1859-60; William Campbell, 1860-61; Silas Wood, 1861-63; Andrew Montgomery, 1863-5; Silas Wood, 1865-9; F. A. Herring, 1869-71; Daniel B. Briggs, 1871-2; John E. Bissell, 1872-4; Samuel S. Babcock, 1874-76; Wesley Sears, 1876-85; Allen S. Whitney, 1885-92; Jed. Lee, 1892-4; Samuel C. Price, 1894-Jan., 1901; J. B. Estabrook, Jan., 1901-04; H. G. Lull, 1904-05; John Everett, 1905. The present Board of Trustees of the district is made up of George A. Skinner, Spencer B. Russell, Reuben C. Ullrich, Louis T. Cady and Paul J. Ullrich. During the last fiscal year of the district, there was paid out of the teachers' fund $17,800.00; from the library fund $2,227.00; interest on bonded indebtedness, $480.00 and from the incidental fund, $6,712.00; total expenditure in the dis PAST AND) PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 617 trict for school purposes of $27,219.00. The present bonded indebtedness of the district is about $24,000.00. Out of a total census of 2,260, 1,868 pupils were enrolled during the year, an excellent record in view of the maintenance of additional denominational schools in the district. The nucleus of a library was started in 1865 or 1866 by Prof. Wood. Its growth was gradual but slow until its removal from the schoolhouse building to a more central location in the basement of the courthouse in about 1890. The interest of the public in the library soon thereafter increased, and through the assistance of appropriations made by the city, the library rapidly increased in size and usefulness. It was moved to the Chamber of Commerce building where it was maintained until its removal to the handsome and commodious quarters in the building directly opposite the high school building erected during the current year with funds generously provided by the Hon. Andrew Carnegie. The site for the library was purchased by the city at a cost of $5,500.00 and the building and its equipment cost about $19,000.00. The library now numbers about seven thousand volumes and is under the direction of Margaret C. Upleger, Librarian, with Grace L. Farrar as assistant. The schools of Mt. Clemens have for a long time been on the University list, and have a standing and reputation throughout the state of which their supporters may well be proud. In 1892 a corporation was organized for the purpose of forming a body whose chief cause for being should be the furtherance of the material progress of the city, and which it was hoped would furnish a center from which movements would spread for the betternent of the municipal and industrial welfare of the city. It undertook and carried out the erection of a building known as the Chamber of Commerce on the corner of Walnut and New streets, at a cost of approximately $18,000. While the Chamber of Commerce has not been aggressive in the work expected of it, it has nevertheless furnished a rally-point for many quiet movements that have materially benefited the city, and its building has been the scene of many meetings, public and private, that have often checked moves that tended to the injury of the city's interests and as well many others that have redounded to the public weal. The building is occupied with stores on its first floor and by the Mt. Clemens Club and its tenants on the second and third. This last named organization was perfected in January, 1893, and is the most prominent of the city's social organizations. Its membership includes at present ninety-eight resident members and about eight non-resident. The present officers of the Chamber of Commerce are Wm. J. Daley, President; Arthur E. Van Eps, Secretary, and Geo. A. Skinner, Treasurer. A more unique social organization and one of Mt. Clemens' most cherished institutions is "The Old Crowd," that every year on the third Thursday of August holds its reunion, and brings back to the old home many of the former boys of the place, who without it would likely rarely revisit the scenes of their boyhood days. The success of these reunions have lead to its being copied in some respects by other social organizations, which, however, lack the feature that lends the historic interest to "The Old Crowd." Its inception was in the desire to call back to Mt. Clemens the boys who before the war and earlier had called Mt. Clemens their home, but who had wandered away and located elsewhere, and to gather together with them the companions of their youth, for a good social reunion. As was natural their thoughts turned to the lake, the scene of so many of the happy times they had had together. Without any formal organization Ed Weeks, Jim Eldredge, Hank Conner, Geo. Robertson and a few other congenial spirits issued the call in the summer of 1880, and Jeff West, Fred Lewis, Ed Shook and many another old Mt. Clemensite heard and answered. At the reunion were Tom, Dick, Harry, Wally, Jake, Bob, but no Misters. And every year since then have met such as could of the Old Crowd, taking with them each year a few newer members whom time and life in Mt. Clemens had qualified for membership. Now one must be at least forty years of age, have lived in Mt. Clemens at least twenty-five years ago, or else, be the son of such a resident, before he is eligible to election to the chosen band. James B. Eldredge was the first chairman and Edgar Weeks the first secretary of the organization, which was not formally perfected until 1883. It is doubtful if just such another successful organization can be found in the country. It has stood the loss of many if not most of its original active members but the waiting list of applicants exceeds each year the number of vacancies, for its membership is limited. The officers elected at the August, 1905, meeting are as follows: President, Jim Tucker; Vice-President, Mart Crocker; Sec 6i8 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY retary, Tom Shoemaker; Treasurer, Sam Donaldson; Executive Committee, Alex Jacobi, John Westendorf, Rube Ullrich, Bill McSweeny, and John Tucker; Chaplain, Ed Shook; Fish Locator, Paul J. Ullrich; Sergeant-at-arms, Sam Trew; Drum Boss, Geo. Fletcher. This year and in 1900, the twentyfifth and twentieth anniversaries respectively of the organization, the wives and lady friends of the nmembers accompanied them. Two calamities have fallen upon the community of Mt. Clemens, which will merit more than a passing notice. April 27th, 1881, four of Mt. Clemens' most respected citizens, George IH. Snook, the son of James Snook, long time postmaster of the place, Dr. W. D. Decker, Charles Wood and Morey Axtell, borrowing a small boat from William Tucker, ventured out into the lake and crossed it to Strawberry Island. On their return they were caught in a sudden squall and probably capsized by running ice. It was not until three days later that any of the bodies were recovered, and not until over a month later that the last of the bodies were recovered. The respect and affection with which the victims to this disaster and their families were held by the entire community was such that a deep gloom was east over the entire city which time alone lightened. May 25th, 1896, at about eight o'clock in the evening, a terrific cyclone struck across the eastern part of the city and unroofed many houses, completely destroyed some, tipped over others and caused those peculiar and unexplicable works of ruin which those storms always bring. The house of Mrs. Dominicus Pohl was reduced to a mass of splinters and she and her three children were buried in the ruins. Henry was quite seriously injured, William suffered from a broken leg and Mrs. Pohl herself received such severe injuries that she shortly died from the effects of them. Mrs. Eschenburg, although escaping from direct injuries of the storm, was so affected that she died from heart failure the following day. The storm entered the county in the township of Sterling and did a great deal of damage th, trin there, destroying the town hall and doing great injury to the houses of Wurzell and Clemens, besides immense damages to the timber, crops and minor buildings. East from the city the terrific storm took its destructive course, moving down the banks of the river. In the settlement about the house of Capt. Louis Charbeneau, five houses and four barns were practically ruined and at the Dulac shipyard a peculiar freak of picking up a steam pump weighing nearly four hundred pounds and depositing the same in the river took place, without any serious effects occurring to the buildings and trees in the immediate neighborhood. The house, barns and orchard of John Irwin and of Joseph Noeker on the north side of the river were practically destroyed and nearly every farmer from that point to the mouth of the river suffered severe losses. It was estimated that fully $100,000.00 damage was worked by the destructive storm in the county. A subscription was immediately started and very liberal contributions were made by the more fortunate members of the community and about $5,000.00 was used to relieve the immediate suffering and losses of the victims of the storm. The press is represented in Mt. Clemens at present by the Mt. Clemens Monitor, published by J. E. Nellis & Son, the Mt. Clemens Press, published by Samuel C. Price, and the Daily Leader, also published by Mr. Price in the same office with the Press. The Mt. Clemens Press had its origin in the old Macomb Conservative Press which was established in 1863 by a stock company. The material was mostly purchased second hand and was probably the remnants of the plant of the Peninsular Advocate established in the year 1854 by George F. Lewis. The Press has always been a Democratic paper and was conducted for some time by James B. Eldredge and William Longstaff. About 1868 it passed into the hands of John Trevidick, who, prior to that time, had been the practical head of the office work. Hle adopted the name at present carried by the paper. On May 1st, 1873, Spencer B. Russell became the editor and proprietor of the paper and by him and his brother, IH. E. Russell, the paper was issued until 1888. For a year thereafter the paper was run by W. J. Morris. Fred Buzzell also was editor of the paper for one year prior to its purchase by J. Ashley Keith in 1890. From Mr. Keith the plant and paper was purchased Nov. 1st, 1900, by the Press Publishing Co., and the plant was then taken in charge and since handled by Samuel C. Price, the present editor and proprietor. March 16th, 1899, W. J. Morris and Henry E. Russell made the first experiment of a daily paper in Mt. Clemens by beginning the issuing of the Penny Leader. June 1st Mr. Russell severed his connection with the enterprise and the paper was continued by Mr. Morris alone until March 1st, 1902, when it was sold to Samuel C. Price and has since PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 619 been issued by him and has proved a great success. The name was changed to the Daily Leader by Mr. Morris before he sold to Mr. Price. The Ilt. Clemens Monitor was the successor of the Republican Standard, to which name William J. Canfield changed the Macomb Gazette when he purchased it. In 1866 Mr. Canfield sold the Standard to Edgar Weeks and Walter T. Lee, who enlarged it and started it out as the Mt. Clemens Monitor, under which name it has ever since continued its successful career. Mr. Weeks retired from his connection with the paper in 1867 and Mr. Lee continued the issuance until he sold to D. M. Cooper. After passing through the hands of several, who remained connected with the paper only a short time, the Monitor in March, 1879, was purchased by John E. Nellis & Son, who have ever since had charge of the paper. Under their management the paper has been a progressive and consistent Republican sheet and an important factor in the Republican politics in the county. Since the death of John E. Nellis, in 1904, the Monitor has been managed by Frank E. Nellis. Among the earlier papers published at Mt. Clemenls was the Statesman started in 1840 by a Mr. Avery. After a short time he was succeeded by Mr. Brown referred to in the early history of the village and later by John N. Ingersoll. The Statesman was a lively and progressive paper and intensely Whig in its partisanship. The next paper of that political persuasion was the Macomb County Herald, started in 1848 or 1849 by Fred F. Lewis, and edited by Richard Butler. In about 1850 it was purchased by Fred B. Lee, son of Dr. Lee, and published by him for about one year when it w-as sold to Thomas MI. Perry under whose administration the paper ceased upon the complete destruction of its office by fire. The Mlacomb Gazette, started by Allen P. Bentley in about 1849 or 1850, was Democratic in politics and so continued until its passing in 1856. Abner C. Smith, one of the earlier attorneys, was for some time in charge of the office of the Gazette. The outfit of the Gazette was purchased by Mr. Canfield at the time he established the Republican Standard. In about 1840 Thomas AI. Perry came to Mt. Clemens with printing material and commenced, in the old frame building known as the Lewis building on the site of the present county jail, the publication of the Mt. Clemens Patriot. Mr. Perry was a man of more than ordinary ability, and possessed of a remarkable amount of pugnacity and tenacity. A practical printer, he was also an able editor. The Patriot was afterwards moved to an offiee on Pearl street, now North Gratiot avenue, where it was burned. In about 1854 Fred F. Lewis brought with him from Port I uron the equipment of a newspaper office and from the Leviathan block issued the Peninsular Advocate, which ceased to appear upon the removal of Mr. Lewis to Saginaw. The Advocate was practically the predecessor of the Conservative Press, now the Mt. Clemens Press. In 1872 Louis M. Miller established a paper called the Reporter, which, however, was short lived. A short time prior to October, 1880, Walter T. Lee established the -\t. Clemiens True Record, which continued under the mlanagemient of William N. Miller & Company for a number of years. iAmoing the later newspaper ventures which failed to attain old age was the Mt. Clemens Advertiser, which was run by Henry E. Russell and A. A. Devantier, John Miller and others for some time. In connection with the Advertiser, the Daily Advertiser was established, which was later continued for a short tille under the namle of the Daily News. Alt. Clemens has churches representing the Baptist, Roman Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Gerlman Evangelical, German Lutheran, Protestant Episcopal and Presbyterian delnomlinations. The Catholie church being the earliest established in the county, was represented as early as 1799 by a mission established by the Rev. Gabriel Richard on L'Anse Creuse Bay. Some time later a chapel was built on the Clinton River about three miles east of MAt. Clemens, where services were held regularly by the Rev. Fr. Dejean. Subsequently Christian Clemens granted a lot to every religious denomination for the purpose of erecting a church in the village and thither the little church from the Clinton River was moved. Rev. Fr. Kenny, the first resident priest in Mt. Clemens, came in 1843. Hle has been followed by Abbe Maret, Frs. Gilroy, Kendekins, Van Rentherghem, Maes, Ryckert, Van Hoomissen, and Father Kennedy. The Society is the owner of a handsome brick church, a fine rectory, a Sisters' home and a large substantial brick school building, where a most successful and well attended school is conducted. The Methodist Episcopal church was organized about 1820, although the formal organization of the Society was not perfected until October, 1836. The church building was erected in 1841, which gave way about 1882 to the present church situated on the corner 620 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of Cass and South Walnut streets. The Society is a large and flourishing one and is now under the supervision of the Rev. J. I. Nickerson. May 4th, 1835, the First Presbyterian church was formally organized under the charge of the Rev. M. Eastman. Services were held in the old log courthouse or other church buildings until about 1841 when the building was erected. In 1844 a division took place and the minority of the Society formed a Congregational church and erected and occupied the church building later occupied for many years by the Presbyterians on the corner of Walnut and New streets. Upon the purchase of this site by the Chamber of Commerce in 1892, this building was sold and removed to Pine street where it is now used as a warehouse by S. J. Dalby. Under Rev. Thomas Foster, who acted as pastor from about 1845 to 1849, the Congregationalists and Presbyterians again united in worship in the church on the corner of Walnut and New streets. Mr. Foster was succeeded by the Rev. George Newcomb, and he by the Rev. Henry N. Bissell who remained in charge of the church for twenty-four years. In 1892 the society erected the present handsome brick structure on the corner of New and Cherry streets. The society is now under the pastorate of Rev. John Kennedy. The Protestant Episcopal Church was first established in Mt. Clemens in 1849, services being held in the courthouse until the erection of the present church on the corner of South Gratiot avenue and Church street, which was dedicated in 1870. Since its erection the following reverend gentlemen have officiated as rectors of the parish: Woodward, Martin, Skinner, Pierson, Rafter, Dubois, Webb and Lewis. The Baptist church was organized October 17th, 1834, with an enrollment of thirteen members. The first regularly ordained pastor was the Rev. John Booth. Like the most of the other religious organizations, its early meetings were held in the courthouse. In 1843, however, the present church structure was erected. The church is at present under the care of the Rev. John C. MacDonald. The German Evangelical Society held its meetings in the courthouse or in the homes of the members of the Society from 1847 to 1862, at which latter time they purchased the frame building standing on the cornor of New and Pine streets, which was erected in 1835 for school purposes, and which had been, just prior to their purchase, used as training bar racks. The building was refitted and made suitable for church services and a school room, and used by the Society until December, 1880. In the meantime, in 1870, a parsonage was erected upon the adjoining lot. In 1880 a substantial brick structure was erected at a cost of about $9,000.00, which has since been nearly doubled in seating capacity. The Society for a great many years had the benefit of the pastorateship of the Rev. Ierman Gundert, whose hold upon the affections of his parishioners and as well the community at large is remarkable. The Society is now under the charge of the Rev. Frederick A. Roese. The German Lutheran Church was established in 1885, and has erected a substantial church edifice, rectory and schoolhouse on Dickinson avenue in the city. The first church building was dedicated September 6th, 1885, and the present church was dedicated November 4, 1900. The Society incorporated May 17, 1900. Rev. Theodore H. Engelder is at present pastor of the church, having been such since November 9, 1900. The most important enterprises of Mt. Clemens are associated with its mineral water. The original well was put down in 1865 for the purpose of obtaining brine for the manufacture of salt. At this time a corporation with a capital stock of $100,000.00 was organized and the manufacture of salt carried on for about five years, though at a disadvantage, owing to the large proportion of foreign minerals existing in the water, and as well the successful competition in salt manufacture by the salt blocks of the Saginaw district where much cheaper fuel could be obtained. The discovery of the medicinal properties of the water in about 1870 soon led to the abandonment of the salt industry and the use of the water for bathing purposes. Dorr Kellogg, still a resident of the city, then the manager of a flour mill on the corner of Market and Front streets on the river bank, commenced the use of this water for the benefit of its medicinal qualities in October, 1870, and from the benefits derived by him and Mr. Trombley, the idea soon became prevalent that the water possessed much greater value for its curative qualities than for salt manufacture. Soon after a small bath house was erected from moneys obtained by contribution from various citizens and under the management of Dr. Henry Taylor and Son, the first bath house was opened on the corner of Water and Jones streets. From this modest start has grown up the immense bathing interests PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 62I of Mt. Clemens which call to it our tens of thousands of visitors annually, who find unfailing relief in its curative waters. The details of the growth of the various hotels and bath houses in the city are set forth in biographical sketches of the work, and need not be here repeated. It is impossible to estimate the benefit which Mt. Clemens has derived from these baths and the hotels and boarding houses, springs and other enterprises which have grown up in connection with the bathing industry. The nine bath houses of the city have been established in the following order: Original, Medea, Fountain, Park, Clementine, Colonial, St. Joseph, Plaza and Olympia. To recount the history of the various hotels, large and small, which since the construction of the Avery House, the first of our noncommercial hotels, to the handsome, five story brick new Medea Hotel finished this past year, would be impossible. To attempt discrimination and to tell of some of them would be ungracious and unfair. Sufficient it to say that no western resort can boast of better hotel accommodations nor of greater eagerness to provide for the comfort and convenience of its visitors than does Mt. Clemens, and to no one of them does the visitor return more frequently, nor receive greater benefit. Those who have watched the growth of the bathing industry in Mt. Clemens the closest have the greatest confidence in its future, and look forward to the day when we shall have thousands of visitors where today we have hundreds. May their hopes be truthful prophecies! CHAPTER X. TOWNSHIP OF CLINTON. Th'lel history of 1 tlis township is so intinmately connected with the history of Mt. Clemens and with the taking up of the private clainms that a large portion of its early history has already been related in the chapters touching those subjects and in the chapter of the Moravian settlement. A little yet, however, remains to be told of some of the earlier settlers, and much miglht be written of the villages which in a little later (lay were started in the township. North of Mt. Clemens in 1821, Alfred Ashley began a clearing on the North Branch, and, together with Horace Cady. who came fronm Genesee county and took up lands in MAacollb adjoining, built a dam and erected a saw mill, which M1r. Cady ran during the winlter of 1821-2. This mill was located on the site of the present Denewith mill and has been called Ashley's Mills and Haskin's Mills. This is located really on the Macomb side of the town line. In 1822, a sufficient addition was built to accommodate a run of stone for a grist Inill. In June, 1831, Peter Atwood came to Mt. Clemens from Genesee county, N. Y., and began a clearing on the farm on the northeast corner of the township, later known as the Edgerly farm and still later as the Israel T. Parker farm. He built a log house which stood until 1833. In the Fall, his family came on from Canada, coming up the Lake Shore from Detroit and finding the home by a blazed line through the forest. Mr. Atwood and his family have played no small part in the history of this locality. A more detailed mention of his family will be found in another chapter. His wife was the widow of Joseph Cady, a native of Windham, Ct., who died in Cincinnati in 1807. With Mr. and Mrs. Atwood came three of the children of Joseph Cady, viz., Chauncey G. Cady, tlorace It. Cady and Lucy, who afterwards married Silas IIalsey. Peter Atwood died in 1826 and the farm was later sold to James C. Edoerly who made his home there until his death, November 13th, 1856. Another beginning on the turnpike was made by Hezekiah Canfield on the property next north of the present city limits. To the southwest of Mlt. Clemlens. the earliest settlemlents, outside of Frederick are believed to be those of the Sackett and Miller families on t1h soiuth brlanch anid Red Run. Lemuel Sackett antd John Miller, his fatherin-law came from Monroe conuty. N. Y., in 1828 and selected spots upon the opposite banks of the South Branch. The following year, Mr. Sackett moved his family up the river on a sailboat (the Harriet), towed by one horse, Capt. Atwood, commander. After stopping five days at the Ashley Tavern. they occupied a log house at Frederick until their own was ready in December. Their nearest neighbors on the same side of the river were at Utica and Frederick. John Miller was born in Scotland and came and selected his home in Clinton at the same time that Lemuel Sackett did, but did not move here with his family until a year or two later. Dykes Miller, for a long time prominent in that section, was one of his sons and many of his descendants are still residents of the county. As has been noted before, a Mr. Tremble built a mill at Frederick before the War of 622 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1812, and Job C. Smith built another one in 1826. The water from the mill race which he had dug, undermined the mill and tipped it over into the race. Later Lautius Haskin came to this country in 1829, bought the wheel and crank and put them into his own mill. Of the Sackett family, four brothers came into the county from New York state, although originally from Connecticut, and each took up a large tract of land in the southeastern part of Clinton and there made their permanent homes. Of these Noahdiah erected the first grist mill at Frederick and also operated in connection with it, a saw mill, which was built near the site of the Tremble mill. He had been a teacher in his eastern home and continued that work to some extent here. His son, George S. Sackett, was active in his assistance. The descendants of Noahdiah Sackett and Daniel Sackett seemed to have all drifted away from the county. The families of Lemuel and Ralph Sackett, however, remained and have taken an active\part in the affairs of the county. More extended notice of them will be found elsewhere. In 1835, Horace Steevens purchased the holdings of Noahdiah Sackett in the mill property and the dam across the river attached to it. Mr. Steevens came to this country from Clairmont (now Red-HIook-on-theTudson), Columbia County, N. Y., where the family had for a long time been living on the far famed Livingston manor. Frederick S. Steevens, a brother, had come to Detroit in about 1824 and became financially interested in the Sackett mill property and lands thereabout. The Steevens brothers developed the mill and made it a market not only for the wheat grown in the vicinity, but for wheat brought even fromn Canada. They held the mill until about 1839, when through the fact that Frederick i. Steevens was connectedl wlith the Michigoan Starte Bank and had secured loans upon the mlill property from the Bank, the mill property passed into the hands of the State in connection with the other assets of the Bank. Luring tie teevens holding of the property, however, Alexander 11. McKinstrey, later Pension Agent at Detroit and General in the United States Army, had been one of the.joint-owners. The State held the property during the tinie when active work was being done upon the building of the canal, and at one time anticipated making a profitable property out of the same to be operated in connection with the canal. When it became apparent that the canal was to be a failure and constant expense of repairs, and the officials satisfied that the mill property itself was to be non-productive to the state, efforts were made to dispose of the property. For two years after the state took the title, the property produced no revenue, but was operated by Mr. David French of Detroit. The Auditor General of the State on January 27th, 1842, reported that improvements were under way at the time the property was turned over by the state bank and it was found that in all probability unless the improvements were completed, the mills would go to ruin and an arrangement was made with French, who had been superintending the improvements up to that time to complete the same under the arrangement that he, French, should have the use of the mills a sufficient time to reimburse himself. Subsequently the waters ate around the end of the daml at the time of a freshet and Mlr. French was employed by the Board of Comnissioners on Internal Improvements to construct a new dam across the river, sufficiently large to answer the purposes of the canal and mill both. Since the state took title to the land, the grist mill had been operated about one-half of the time, and was in good repair. The saw miill, however, was out of repair and had been so for the entire period. 'Thel All'litor, ( tlers l s isr o re lport(t i that he lhas leased th e m1ii ll flI.+1,2()0).()00 p annum "to an individual who lost his life on board the Erie while on his way to take possessior of the premlise. In this contract, he was to repair both mills and deduct the cost of the rent * * * I have no doubt that it is for the interest of the state to rent it until a more favorable time shall arrive for sale. There were about five hundred acres of land besides which might be rented separately, about sixty acres of which are under improvement." A synopsis of a report from NMr. Frelnch, which appears with the Auditor General 's report, shows that the total cost of repairs up to June 1st, 1842, amounted to.+3,198.20, and that his charges for services were $512.46. That the receipts of the mlill had amounted to $2,274.28. According to a report made in 1844 by the Trustees of the assets of the Bank, C. G. Ilalmmrond, J. J. Adams, and R. P. Eldredge (state officials who occupied the positions of Trustees ex officio), it appears that upon the fial settlement with Mr. French, there was still due PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 623 him on account of his expenditures and services nearly a thousand dollars over the receipts, and that when the Trustees took possession of the property in 1842, it was necessary to repair the new dam at an expense of over $500.00. That the freshet of 1843 again carried away 35,000 yards of earth around the head gates of the mill, and the mill being valueless until this breach was repaired, upwards of $1,100.00 additional expense was incurred. Accordingoly, the Trustees at once took steps looking to the disposal of the property since it "'had alrceady cost the state more than it was worth, and so long as it reimained its p)ro)pertvy, consumed more than its income." 'he property was leased to Kibbee (Porter) andl Sackett (Thomlas L.) for three years colmmencing April 15th, 1842. At the sale of state lands at Marshall in July, 1843, the property was offered for sale, bult no bidis obtained for it. An appraisal had been imnade of the property at the sum of 45,000.00, ilcludlinig the adjoining lands above referred( to. After the Julv sale, "the trustees being of the opinion that the true interests of the state required a sale p)revious to lanother spring freshet,"' mla!e a second appraisal, includingl it in 128 a cres of land south of the canal and 71 acres north of the mlillbranch, a1ldl offered the property, includi:n this ulnilllproved lai, 1 for.$5,000.00. 'l nder this second appraisal, the property was (lisposed of to Samu1el Lewis, who, however, before receiving the (dee(l (tisposed of his rights to P'orter allld IIelry (C. Kibbee, subject to the pIayment of the claimls for repairs, and subject to the terims of the Kibbee anid Sackett lease and( the liability (of the state to keel) up the repairs during that lease, and subject also to the claims of one Daniel Thurston for damages on account of the construction of the new dami. This land was offered at the timhe of the sale of school lands at Mt. Clemens in October, 1843, and notice of it given in the Detroit Free P'ress and Mt. Clemens PaCtriot. The trustees were evidcently subjected to sonme criticism over the sale since they were explicit in their report to point out that ample opportunity was given everyone to r)urchase, and that no hig'her bids could be obtained; that the property had been and wrould continue to be) a burden to the state. They further reported that they considered the state fortunate in effecting a sale, and that in their opinion, the property brought all that it was worth to any man, they being "confirmed in that opinion by the fact that with the exception of iMr. Kibbee, not one individual of Macomb county, where the property was known and appreciated, deemed it an object to be at the sale. All the business men of capital and enterprise of Mt. Clemens in the vicinity of the property knew of the sale, but none was present; and even Mr. Kibbee, the lessee, who had every facility to know the true value of the property would not bid a greater price than the purchaser paid." The firm of Kibbee, Kelly & Co. ran the mill fromi 1843 until they sold to Thompson, Iart & Co. The former firm, made up of Porter and Henry Kibbee and Isaac Kelly, father of Ienry Kelly of IMt. Clemens, built a new grist mill, and the Kibbees after they had purchased the interest of Kelly, built a second saw mill. I)uring the time the mills were operated by the Kibbees, they were most successful, and "Kibbees' Mills" was the market for immense crops of wheat then raised on the pIlains of the western part of the county, and Frederick was the busiest market and shipping point in the county. Horace Steevens and his family had moved after the sale of their interests in the mill to Pontiac, but returnel to Frederick in 1847, where he died in 1849. In June, 1837, Frederick H. an(d orace Steevens had platted the Village of Frederick, including' all the lands included in the big oxbow bend formed by the river and the south b)ranch, and much of the land lyinl on the Romelo 1Planlk and River Roads. A bridge appearls just above the mill race, a little further llup the river than the present lIbaeker bridge. Three other bridges appear to have been planned across the river. The site of the mill is indicated directly opposite the road which now runs north from the home of AMajor Jenney, which road on the mialp was continued southerly towards Detroit, p1robably about along the line of the old Moravian Road. In the southern part of the plat appears, about where is now the road that crosses Harrington's Creek, sometimes spoken of as the Glen Road, a highway lmarked 'road to Lake St. Clair." The Little Road running north was lmarked "road to St. Clair." The Shelby Road (Cass avenue) also appears as does a road close to the river bank, which is marked as road to Mt. Clemens. The site of the saw mill on the north bank of the mill race is marked directly opposite the flouring mill. Another mill site and yard are marked just at the sharp turn in the south branch near the high bank on 624 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the River road. Another suggestion of the dreams of the proprietors is contained in the lines marked "railroad from Frederick to Lake St. Clair four miles" and "proposed railroad to intersect the Utica & Detroit Railroad." During the excitement over the proposed canal, a large hotel was built as a private enterprise by Engineer Hurd on a lot close to where the canal was expected to cross the south branch to the main river, and many lots were auctioned off in Detroit to land speculators. This hotel was rented later for school and a store was also run in a portion of it, at one time. The firm of Thompson, Iart & Co., was made up of men from Buffalo and Black Rock, N. Y. They operated the mills until they were burned in 1852. Mr. Thompson was the man on the ground in charge of the property. The mill at the time was idle, but a large stock of flour was still stored in it. The origin of the fire remained a mystery. From Henry H. Steevens, the writer has obtained the following as his memory of the buildings in Frederick in 1847. The grist mill, two saw mills, pump factory, a chair factory, a large store house (old mill building), a cooper shop where nine coopers were employed, a grocery near the mill, two blacksmith shops, Judge Steevens' large house built in 1837 (now the home of Major Jenney), the hotel which, however, was not used as a hotel until after the new dam was built when it was occupied by Ralph Sackett, the dwellings of the families of Winslow, Hancock and Brandy (father of the late Alvin Brandy of Mt. Clemens), and several more cottages which were located near the Harrington house, now the home of Isaac Williams. The new saw mill ran for several years after the burning of the grist mill, but the glory of Frederick had departed. Another lost village of Clinton is Marcellus, platted by Green Freeman in 1838 along each side of the Gratiot Turnpike on the south bank of the Clinton. Hayes street along the river east of Gratiot divided the "Mill Property" into two sections and the other fifty-six lots were platted along Canal, Green, Church and Gratiot streets. The site was part of the farm located by Joseph Hayes, who came there in 1819, and remained until his death in August, 1845. His son, John, also lived and died there. One daughter, Elizabeth, married March 1st, 1831, Capt. James C. Allen, step-son of Christian Clemens, and was the mother of Mary, the first wife of Fred Lewis (son of William Lewis, and later prominent in newspaper circles of the Saginaw Valley), and of Matilda, wife of Andrew S. Robertson, whilom one of Mt. Clemens' most prominent attorneys. Another daughter, Abagail, in 1827, married Richard Butler, one of Mt. Clemens' earliets lawyers and was the mother of Milton K. Butler. The Village of Marcellus never attained much metropolitan airs, although it once boasted of a saw mill, a store and blacksmith shop and aspired to be a station on the Frederick and Lake St. Clair Railroad. Cady is the postoffice of a settlement that grew up around the crossing of the Detroit & Utica Plank Road by the River Road from Mt. Clemens through Frederick to the southwest part of the county. It was so named because the residence of Chauncey G. Cady was near by. It has for years had a store and tavern, and for sometime a milk station, which has afforded an additional drawing card for the surrounding farmers. The City of Warsaw platted by Leander Tromble about the depot grounds of the new Grand Trunk Railroad in August of 1862 soon became, as it properly should, a part of Mt. Clemens. Among the early settlers of the township who bought government lands, besides those already referred to, were Jesse Ferris in section 1 in 1830; the Fox and Williams families in sections 8 and 9; George and Allen McComber, who bought in section 28 in 1835, and in section 29 in 1831 respectively; Barnard Sweeney in section 31 in 1835; Evert J. Walderon in section 32 in 1834; and Vinson Seelye (father of Mrs. Frank Rutter of At. Clemens), in section 34 in 1835. The schools of Clinton Township are now well provided, for in seven districts aside from Mt. Clemens District, with property estimated worth $7,150.00. $2,458.00 was expended for educational purposes in 1904. The Directors in the various districts in 1905 are Robert Fox, Arthur Fox, Julius Kandt, Charles Faulman, Fred Hummel, Charles Lodewick and Eugene Mouilleseaux. Supervisors of Clinton Township have been, Job C. Smith, 1827; James Connor, 1828; Harvey Cook, 1829; John Stockton, 1830-32; Christian Clemens, 1833-34; Rodney 0. Cooley, 1835; Richard Butler, 1836; Rodney 0. Cooley, 1837; Richard Butler, 1838; Prescott B. Thurston, 1839; Chauncey G. Cady, 1840; Isaac J. Grovier, 1841; Richard Butler, 1842; Porter Kibbee, 1843-44; David Shook, 1845-8; Andrew S. Robertson, 1849; PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 625 Charles H. Carey, 1850; Chauncey G. Cady, 1851; Westley Hinman, 1852-3; Lemuel Sackett, 1854-5; Andrew S. Robertson, 1856; John I. Traver, 1857-8; Thomas L. Sackett, 1859-61; Joshua B. Dickenson, 1862; August Czizek, 1863-4; Thos. L. Sackett, 1865-7; John I. Traver, 1868; Thomas L. Sackett, 1869; George W. Robertson, 1870-74; Judson S. Farrar, 1875-78; Alfred W. Little, 1879; William A. Rowley, 1880-82; John Priehs, 1883-90; Wm. Rowley, 1891-4; Henry Cadow, 1895-8; Otto Duckwitz, 1899-1905. The Clerks of the township have been Thos. Ashley and Alfred Ashley, 1827; Robert P. Eldredge, 1828; Richard Butler, 1829 -31; Rodney O. Cooley, 1832-34; Elisha L. Atkins, 1835; Prescott B. Thurston, 1836-38; Henry D. Terry, 1839; Ira Stout, 1840-41; Giles Hubbard, 1842; Ira Stout, 1843-45; Andrew S. Robertson, 1846; Sam B. Axtell, 1847; Jesse Kibbee, 1848; Edward Fishpool, 1849-50; George Scott (father of Capt. Syd Scott), 1851-56; Charles B. Lee, 1857; Theo. 0. Leonard, 1858; George Scott, 1859-60; Abram Wise, 1861; George Scott, 1862-65; Charles Wood, 1866; F. H. Bentley, 1867; George Pelton, 1868-70; John Trevidick, 1871; Henry W. Babcock, 1872-78; Joseph Irmmens, 1879; Leslie II. Duncan, 1880; John T. Weiss, 1881-84; Robert E. Miller, 1885-86; John Charbeneau, 1887; Alfred W. Little, 1888-92; John Hi. Rector, 1893-4; Peter S. Greiner, 1895-97; Louis Priehs, 1898-1900; Robert Fox, 1901-1903; J. J. Quinn, 1904; Burt H. Coulon, 1905. The Treasurers of the township have been William H. Warner, 1839; Charles A. Emerson, 1840-41; Eleazer L. Goodman, 1842; Sylvanus Leonard, 1843-5; William Roy, 1846; George Dixon, 1847; Hiram Bentley, 1848-49; Harvey Kibbee, 1850-51; Denis McCaffrey, 1852-3; James Fenton, 1854; John Barry, 1855; Varnum Lufkin, 1856-7; Myron White, 1858-9; August Czizek, 1860-62; Rudolph Steiger, 1863-4; John C. Reimold, 1865-67; Casper Peters, 1868-69; Edward Tremble, 1870-1; Traugott Lungershausen, 1872-73; Victor A. Moross, 1874-76; William E. Hall, 1877; Geo. A. Pelton, 1878; John V. Wiegand, 1879-80; John Priehs, 1881-2; Robert Jean, 1833-4; John Zoeling, 1885-6; Samuel Waldron, 1887-88; Geo. M. Greiner, 1889 -90; John Platz, 1891-2; Fred Weier, 1893-4; Fred J. Ahrens, 1895-6; Fred Weier, 1897-8; -1901-2; Win. Nicke, 1899-00; Louis Priehs, 1903-4; Chas. Schroeder, Jr., 1905. 1837 1840 1845 1850 1854 1860 1864 1870 1874 Mt. 1880 1884 1890 1894 1900 1904 1842 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901 POPULATION......................... 1193........................1115........................1754........................ 213 0........................2490........................ 2893........................2667....................... 3588........................ 4265 Clemens taken out in 1879......................... 2000........................ 1910........................ 1819........................1874........................ 1825........................ 1827 ASSESSED VALUATION.................$ 53,263.20..................92,371.00.................113,586.00.................588,240.00.................513,815.00................ 5582,090.00.................672,850.00.................740,000.00.................. 894,000.00.................820,000.00.................830,000.00.................905,000.00................ 1,065,000.00 CHAPTER XI. TOWVNSHIP OF HARRISON. Much of the early settlement of this township already appears on the chapter on the early French settlers, and many of its inhabitants are also referred to in connection with the history of Mt. Clemens, and yet much remains that could be told of this locality and its sturdy pioneers. The earliest English settler of whom we have much knowledge was William Tucker, who settled on what was afterwards private claim 147, in the spring of 1784, having been in 1780 given a deed of the entire tract surrounding that spot by the chiefs of the Chippewas as a reward for his kindness and friendship, which he had shown the Indians. William Tucker was born in New Jersey, but tradition has it recorded, that his father's family were living near Stover's Town in Virginia at the time the Chippewas made one of their periodical raids upon the settlements of that state. When he was eleven 626 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY years old, he and his father and brother Joseph were attacked by the Indians while on the road, the father killed and two sons made captive and brought to the Indian camp on the shores of Lake Erie. William appears to have been bought by an Indian by the name of We-kan-nis, to whom he fortunately ran for protection when the Indians began his death song. We-kan-nis brought the boy with his other prisoners to Detroit and kept him captive for seven years, when he gave him his liberty. While the Tucker brothers were kept prisoners, they made frequent trips on the lakes to Cleveland and to Mackinaw, and the winters were spent in hunting and trapping, the fur trade then being the chief source of revenue with which the Indians could purchase fire water. It was on one of these trips that the elder brother was lost in the northern part of Lake Huron. During the Pontiac War, William Tucker was in the employ of the English commandant, Major Gladwin, a circumstance most fortunate for the British forces then beseiged at that point. Tucker was treated by the Indians of the tribe of which he had long been a captive like a brother, and this gave him opportunity for frequent visits to the family of which he had been a member during his captivity. This family were camped just a short distance below the fort on this side of the river at the time of the conspiracy of Pontiac, when the fall of Detroit was so shrewdly planned by that crafty Indian chief. On one of these visits, he announced his intention to take a hunting trip and tried to persuade one of his Indian brothers to accompany him, and also spoke of his intention of crossing the river to the general camp of Indians there, for the purpose of buying some moccasins from an Indian squaw famous for her skill in the manufacture. After leaving the camp to return to the fort, he was followed by his Indian sister, who earnestly besought him to abandon the intended visit across the river and to take some moccasins which she had made and at once start upon his hunting trip. Earnest solicitation on his part, finally procured from her a disclosure of the intention of Pontiac to obtain entrance into the fort at Detroit under the plea of holding a council, and once inside to massacre the entire garrison, and thus break the power of the British in and about Detroit. The information which Mr. Tucker was thereby able to give to Major Gladwin, enabled the commandant to take steps of precaution and to defeat the nefarious designs of Pontiac. For some time after this war, Tucker was employed by Meldrum, the Scottish fur merchant at Detroit as a trader with the Indians. In the summer of 1773, he returned on a visit to his old home, and on August 8th of that year married at Stover's Town, Catherine Hezel. After his marriage, he returned to Detroit and lived there until the close of the Revolutionary War. It is stated that he declined to take an active part as a combatant against the Americans in that war, but he was in the employ of the English as an Indian interpreter. In the records of the British post at Detroit, there are many references to the service of Mr. Tucker as the interpreter for the Ottawas and Chippewas. He could speak many Indian dialects and became a man of much influence among the natives. He was ever watchful of any attempt to defraud the Indians by deceit and always faithful in his own dealings with them. On the 22d of September, 1780, the Chippewa chiefs rewarded him for his kindness and faithfulness to the Indian interests, by giving him a deed in the name of their tribe of a large tract of land lying between Lake St. Clair, the Huron river and the River aux Vase. The deed was written on a parchment and drawn up by T. Williams at Detroit and signed by ten of the Indian chiefs at Detroit. As it may well be taken to illustrate the Indian deeds of which there are many and has been preserved as a relic in the Tucker family, we here set it out in full, except the totems by which the Indians signed: "Know all men by these Presents, that we, the Chiefs and principal leaders of the Ochipwe Nations of Indians at Detroit, for ourselves and by and with the advice and consent of the whole of our said Nation, in consideration of the good will, love, and affection which we and the whole of said Nation have and bear unto William Tucker of Detroit, and also for Divers other good causes and considerations unto us the said chiefs and rest of our Nation hereunto moving, have given, granted, aliened, enfeoffed and confirmed and by these preesnts do give, grant, alien, enfeoff and confirm unto the said William Tucker all that tract of land lying between the River Huron and a little river in the Bay, being........ acres or arpents in front and two hundred in depth; bounded on the.......by said small river, and on the........by said River Huron, the PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 627 whole containing........ acres or arpents, more or less, with all and singular the appurtenances, etc., unto the said Tract of Land appertaining or in any wise belonging and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, rents and services of the said Premises, also all the estate, right, title, interest, property, claim or demand whatever of us the said chief or of anyone whatever of the said Nation of and in and to the said Messuage and Premises and of, in and to every part and parcel thereof, with the appurtenances, To have and to hold the said Messuage, tenements, lands, hereditaments and premises hereby given and granted or mentioned or intended to be given and granted unto the said William Tucker, his heirs and assigns to the only proper use and behoof of him, the said William Tucker, his heirs and assigns forever, and the said chiefs for themselves and in behalf of the whole of their Nation, their heirs, executors and administrators do covenant promise and grant to and with the said William Tucker, his heirs and assigns by these Presents that he the said William Tucker, shall and lawfully may from henceforth and forever after peaceably and quietly have, hold, occupy, possess and enjoy the said messuage or Tenements, Lands, Hereditaments and Premises hereby given and granted or mentioned or intended to be given and granted, with their and every of their Appurtenances free, clear and discharge well and sufficiently saved, kept harmless and indemnified of, from and against all former and other rights, grants, bargains, sales, jointures, feoffments, Dowers, estates, entails, rents and rent charges, arrearage of rents, statutes, judgments, recognizances, statutes merchant, and of the staple extents, and of, from and against all former and other sales, troubles, and incumbrances whatever had, done or suffered, or to be had, done or suffered by them the said chiefs, or by anyone whatever of the said Nation, their heirs, executors or administrators, or any other person or persons lawfully claiming or to claim by, from or under them or any or either of them. And by these Presents do make this our Act and Deed irrevocably under any pretence whatever, and have put the said William Tucker in full possession and seizin by delivering him a piece of said tract of Lands on the premises. In witness whereof, we the said chiefs, for ourselves, and on behalf of our whole Nation of Ochipwes, have unto these presents set the marks of our different Tribes at De troit the twenty second day of September, in the twentieth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord, George the third by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland King, etc., etc., etc., and of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty1780. (Signed) Chemokiman, Couchithouni, Animithens, Koneckoac, Maskeash, Assebat, Minas, Wetmassow, Paothineous and Naungee. (With totems attached.) I, the subscriber, do hereby certify that the above mentioned lands were a voluntary gift, and that the Chiefs made the marks of the different tribes in my presence at Detroit the twenty-second day of September, 1780. T. Williams, Justice of the Peace.'" This deed was not approved or authorized by the English authorities nor recognized by the American authorities as of any validity, and the rights of the Tucker family to the lands which they secured in Harrison and Chesterfield, were based upon their long occupation and improvement of the same. At the close of the War, Mr. Tucker settled upon the north bank of the Huron river on this land deeded to him by the Indians and built a large double house of hewn logs, one and one-half stories high, and at once commenced the clearing up and cultivation of the farm. He made a specialty of raising tobacco, as he had been conversant with its culture in Virginia. On his return from Virginia after his marriage he had brought a family of slaves, consisting of father and mother and several children, whom he kept with him for some time upon his Harrison farm. In the course of time these negroes made their escape, fording the Clinton river about where Breitmeyer's flower gardens are now located and went to Canada by way of Detroit. In 1807, a suit-at-law took place in the Court sitting in Detroit which in view of the provision of the ordinance establishing the Northwest Territory forbidding slavery, is novel and interesting. Catharine Tucker, widow of William, was required on habeas corpus to answer for the detention of Elizabeth and Scipio Denison before Judge Woodward in Detroit. She testified on the ground that they were held as slaves at the time of the surrender of the military post at Detroit in 1796, and that under the terms of Jay's treaty, this property was assured to her in spite of the provisions of the ordinance of 1787. The case was decided Dec. 23d, 1807, by Judge Woodward upholding the contention of Mrs. Tucker. A 628 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY few days after, application was made by some Canadian slave owners for the arrest and delivery of some of their slaves who had escaped, and it was held that no obligation rested upon the public authorities to aid in the recapture of fugitives from a foreign jurisdiction. The import of this latter decision was undoubtedly conveyed by some of their friends to Mrs. Tucker's slaves and resulted in their crossing the river into Canada, where, it being a poor rule that does not work both ways, they were assured of retaining their liberty. Somewhat later, these slaves came back into America and remained with some of Detroit's prominent families for years and one of them at least accumulated considerable property. William Tucker died March 7th, 1805, in his Harrison home. His widow Catharine lived to a great age and died in 1848. A family of six boys and one daughter were reared by Mr. and Mrs. Tucker. The daughter married Robert Little, one of the early pioneers of the county. The sons were named William, who received private claim 146, Henry, John, who received private claim 144, Edward, who received private claim 145, and Jacob and Charles who received private claim 147 subject to the use of the same by their mother for her lifetime. These claims were granted in exact accordance with the will of William Tucker, and upon the rights established by the long occupation and improvement of them by him. Charles Tucker, the youngest, obtained the homestead where his father had started, and it is among the very earliest recollections of the writer of seeing him there, an aged and decrepit man of 80 years. Ile was the father of eight children, of whom Calhoun Tucker of MIt. Clemens, whose biography will be found elsewhere in this work, is the sole survivor. The old homestead was occupied for years by three of the children who never married, Frank, Delia and Helen, and was recently sold to John Irwin and Amond Touscany by the Administrator of Frank K. Tucker's Estate. John Tucker, the son of William, who was born November 12th, 1784, was undoubtedly the first male white child born in the county, whose parents were both English. He was the father of Edward J. Tucker, who for a long time ran a lime kiln in Mt. Clemens; of David Tucker, who lived in Harrison, south of the river; of Henry Tucker, the father of Capts. John and Albert Tucker; of Mrs. Culver and Mrs. Weiss and of John Tucker, the father of Mrs. Henry Little of Mt. Clemens. Another son of John Tucker, was William, the father of Morris Tucker, who still occupies a portion of the land granted to John Tucker, lying between the two Jobse farms on the north bank of the river. The first school organized in the county was that organized in Harrison in 1794 under the charge of Joseph Rowe in a room in William Tucker's residence. The teacher's wages were $10.00 per month with board, washing and mending included. Mr. Rowe remained in this vicinity about ten years and aside from his duties as pedagogue he was sometimes called upon to conduct funeral services, as ministers of the gospel were then distant and difficult to obtain. After the war of 1812 when the white inhabitants could again return to their settlements with safety, a school house was built near the residence of the late Lafayette Tucker (son of Charles Tucker). This is believed to have been the first school house erected in the county and was first occupied by Benjamin P. Dodge. Richard Butler, the old time Mt. Clemens lawyer, taught school there as early as 1824 and Dr. Henry Taylor, one of Mt. Clemens' earliest physicians in 1827, also wielded the birch there during his first years in the county. The school drew pupils from a long distance, Henry Harrington coning from as far as Frederick. Another of the earliest schools of the county was taught at the house of William Tucker by Robert Tate, a Scotchman. It would be interesting to trace the growth of Harrison schools from that time on, but we must be content with showing that in 1904, 126 out of the 205 children of school age were enrolled in the schools held in the three districts of the township. That the teacher's wages for that year for the nine months taught in each of the districts, aggregated $855. The estimated value of the school property as returned is $3,100. That $1,267 was expended by the town in educational matters during that year. Although at present without any church building within its limits, larrison can claim the first church edifice (except the Moravian chapel) erected in the county, a log chapel having been built on the river, directly opposite the William Tucker property as early as 1806. This building for a long time was the center of a Catholic organization in the county at a time when a large proportion of the population were devout and faithful followers of the Catholic church, as have been their descendants in the main ever since. In Har PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 629 rison, too, was probably preached the first sermons given by Protestant missionaries aside from the Mloravians. A Methodist clergyman by the name of Case occasionally came from Detroit and held services at the house of William Tucker. A Methodist class was organized in Harrison in 1824. By the act, organizing the township of Harrison, the first meeting was appointed to be held on the last Monday of May, 1827, at the house of Charles Peltier, Jr. At that meeting, William Meldrum was chosen moderator and Henry Taylor clerk. The election then held resulted in a tie vote on the office of supervisor, and a special election was held June 9, following, which resulted in the selection of Henry Taylor. At the regular election, James Meldrum was chosen clerk, Jacob Tucker, collector, Charles Tucker, B. Thomas, and F. Labadie commissioners of highway, Charles Peltier, Sr., overseer of the poor and John B. Chapman, constable. Since that time the following officers have been elected: Supervisors-Henry Taylor, 1827-28; Jacob Tucker, 1829-37; David Lyon, 1838; George Kellogg, 1839; Heman Beal, 1840; Henry J. Tucker, 1841; Henry Teats, 1842-44; William J. Tucker, 1845-47; Antoine Chortier, 1848; Alonzo A. Goodman, 1849; Robert Teats, 1850-54; William J. Tucker, 1855-60; Alonzo A. Goodman, 1861-62; Edward Teats, 1863; William J. Tucker, 1864-67; Edward Teats, 1868-72; Frederick C. Forton, 1873-74; John Feller, 1875-76; Edward Teats, 1877-82; Henry Campeau, 1883-87; Chas. Mooney, 1888-92; Jno. Irwin, 1893-02; Joseph IIatzenbuhler, 1903; Jorn Irwin, 1904-5. Clerks-James Meldrum, 1827-32; Valorous Maynard, 1834; Robert Meldrumn, 1835 -37; A. C. Iatch, 1839; A. W. Fla g, 1840; Henry Teats, 1841; Henry J. Tucker, 1842; Robert Teats, 1844-45; Alonzo A. Goodman, 1847; Robert Teats, 1848; Jacob Tucker, 1850; David Tucker, 1851-52; Henry Van Allen, 1854-55; Rudolph Stieger, 1857; Robert Teats, 1858-59; Edward Teats, 1860-61; Simon Rackhaim, 1863-66; Desitee Chortier, 1867-69; John Feller, 1871; Henry Fries, 1873; Lemuel M. Sackett, 1875; Henry Campau, 1876; Stephen Lawton, 1878-79; Francis Chortier, 1881-83; Chas. A. Winkler, 1884; Frank N. Chortier, 1885; Fred W. Reimold, 1886; Jacob IHatzenbuhler, 1887; Thomas Shoemaker, 1888; Joseph A. Turcotte, 1889 -96; Arthur Teats, 1897-1900; Henry Reimold, 1901; Arthur Teats, 1902-05. THE CITY OF BELVIDERE. In 1835 David Conger and James L. Conger, of Cleveland, Ohio, visited this county and purchased the tracts of land included in the private claims granted to Alexis Peltier, Joseph Robertjean and Ignace Moross, at the nouth of the river, on the north bank, and platted there a village which they fondly hoped would grow to be one of the main ports of the great lakes. In those early days, the north channel of the St. Clair River was the most available one for boats of heavy draft and the mouth of the Clinton River was not far off the main course of all the lake vessels. Col. James L. Conger, whose influence was most active in the enterprise, was a man of fine appearance, engaging manners, full of enthusiasm and sanguine beyond the bounds of reason. He was, in his day in the county, one of the most prominent and influential men. He shares, with the Honorable Edgar Weeks, the honor of being the sole representatives of Macomb county in the National House of Representatives, having been elected to the office of Congressman in 1850. Under the instructions of the Congers, Abel Dickerson of Ohio surveyed and platted a city of magnificent proportions upon what to mnost of us has been known only as marshy land at the mouth of the river on the north bank. Later a supplemental and more accurate plat of the city was made by Edward R. Blackwell, his survey being made in December, 1836. A thousand and nine lots were platted, extending out nearly, if not quite, to the site of the Mount Clemens IHunting and Fishing Club, formerly the lighthouse. Broad streets and avenues were laid out, with squares for parks, in which they expected the crowded popula-. tion of future years would be able to find breathing spaces. Washington Square at the intersection of Superior street and Conger avenue was 300 x 236 feet and Belvidere Center, a couple of blocks to the north, was of similar size. A proposed canal was platted, which contemplated the cutting off of the oxbow bend next above the site of the Belvidere tavern, which stood on almost the identical spot where William Cottrell's summer residence now stands. This tavern was the enlarged dwelling of Ignace Moross referred to in another chapter. Directly across Peck street from this tavern was erected a large warehouse, which was still standing within the memory of the writer. Several other parties were induced to join in the venture and the Belvidere Company was organized. The stock 630 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY holders of this company were Joseph L. Conger (who had purchased the interest of David Conger), Thomas L. Peck, Richard Hussey, James H. Tallman, Thomas Balten, Elizabeth Smith and Nelson Oviatt. A sale of one hundred village lots took place October 3, 1836, the advertisement for which was scattered at large in Cleveland and other Ohio cities. This advertisement so well sets forth the hopes and anticipations of the projectors of our lake city that we may be pardoned for setting it forth in full. BELVIDERE CITY LOTS AT AUCTION. On the 3d of October, 1836, will be sold, at auction, to the highest bidder, without reserve, about 100 village lots, situated in said village, comprising many of the best water and business lots in the place. Also that new, large, convenient tavern-house and stand, sit-uated in said village, and known as the "Belvidere Hotel," now occupied by A. Wilcox. Terms of Sale.-Twenty per cent down, and the remainder in four equal payments of 20 per cent each, payable in three, six, nine and twelve months from the sale, with interest; to be secured by good and approved endorsed notes, payable at bank. The purchaser to be entitled to a discount of ten per cent on the amount of said notes by paying all the money down at the time of sale. The sale will take place at the "Belvidere Hotel," commnencing at 10 o'clock A. M. on said day, and continue from day to day, if necessary, until the sale shall have been completed. The title is indisputable. And warranty deeds will be given so soon as the terms of sale shall have been complied with. Belvidere is situated about twenty-five miles above Detroit, at the mouth of the Clinton River at its entrance into Lake St. Clair, in Macomb county, Michigan; being directly on the great and only route of water communication with the Upper Lakes, and whole western country. The location is, beyond all question, one of the most healthy in Michigan; and the surrounding country is well timbered with the finest oak, maple, black walnut, white wood, and other trees to be found in America. In fertility, richness and depth, the soil is not surpassed by any other in the western states. Along the margins of Lake St. Clair and the various rivers, this country has been settled and well improved for from thirty to sixty years, and exhibits some of the finest farms in the world. And within the last two or three years a flood of emigrants from New York and the Eastern states, possessing both enterprise and wealth, have purchased and settled upon nearly all the lands in this section of country. A railroad company, with banking privileges, has been recently chartered by the legislature of Michigan, to construct a railroad from Saginaw to Clinton River; and another railroad is in contemplation to connect Pontiac, Utica, and other villages west with Belvidere. Clinton River, at the mouth of which this place is located, is one of the finest rivers that empty into the western lakes, being wider and deeper than the Cuyahoga River, at Cleveland, Ohio; and its waters being beautifully clear, pure and limpid-in this respect like the waters of Lakes St. Clair, Huron, etc. This river is navigable to a considerable distance into the interior for vessels of any size, after passing the bar at the mouth, which has now about six and a half feet of water. At the last session of Congress, an appropriation of $5,000 was made to remove the bar at the mouth of this river; and no doubt is entertained of obtaining, at the next session of that body, such further sums as may be necessary to build a pier, erect a lighthouse, and make such other improvements as will render this harbor equal to any on the western lakes. JAMES L. CONGER, Agent, and one of the Proprietors. P. S.-Mechanics and others wishing to settle in Belvidere will at all times be accommodated with lots, furnished with employmrent, and assisted to build, if desired, upon the most favorable terms, by applying to the subscriber at Cleveland, O., or at Belvidere. JAMES L. CONGER. After the sale took place the purchasers drew numbers to assign their holdings, and some twenty or thirty families were induced to cast their future with the fortunes of Belvidere. Thomas H. Peck opened a general store with a large stock of goods, and a sawmill and a grist mill run by wind power were constructed, the former remaining in operation for several years. At the sale the tavernhouse, or Belvidere Hotel, was sold to Conger for $3,510, with the understanding that the hotel should be completed by the Belvidere Company, in the style and manner explained by the auctioneer at the sale. In the years from 1836 to 1838 the waters of our Great Lakes indulged in one of their periodical high-water movements, with the result that most of the farming lands in and about Belvidere and all of the town site lying PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 631 east of the road and also the point running down the river to the present club house, were completely under water, which came into the cellars and in some houses even covered the ground floor, with the result that Belvidere lost its inhabitants as well as all its dreams of future greatness. The Conger family, who for a number of years lived in the hotel, and had at one time a most delightful home on this desirable spot-a home that was the favorite resort for the best society of the county, were among the last to abandon the place. Mrs. Conger died at Belvidere, and for a time was interred in the tomb which stood among the group of willows still to be seen back from the river. LIVERPOOL. Another of the melancholy failures with which Harrison was associated was the city of Liverpool, which was platted Feb. 21st, 1856, by Edgar IT. Shook, with forty-nine lots, mostly of irregular shape, out from the midst of which ran a dock many hundred feet into the lake. This was located on private claim 164 and occupied the site of the present Smith Club House and of Vivian Croft, the cottage and summer home of Dr. A. N. Shotwell. The city was but a part of the enterprise which looked forward to making a lake port on L'Anse Creuse Bay, and connecting the same with Mount Clemens by a plank road. The road was constructed, and a'though since abandoned as a plank road, still bears the name of the Shook Road. A large hotel was constructed; and for sonme timll a boat ran regular trips between Liverpool and Detroit. The spiles that carried "the old red bridge,' on which the Shook Road crossed the river into Mount Clemens at a point on the farm now owned by George M. Cropker. are still visible. Associated with this enterprise are the names of Arnold and Adolph Guerber, who for several years were prominent members of the younger social circles of Mount Clemens. Adolph Guerber married the youngest daughter of Judge Frederick Hatch. the grandfather of our present Circuit Judge Tucker, and returned to his former home in New York, where he resided until his death a few years since. Arnold Guerber still lives near New York City. A similar and more successful enterprise of more modern date was the building of Lakeside, with its electric line connecting with Mount Clemens. Like their predecessors, the founders of this enterprise, largely Pittsburg capitalists, anticipated making a lake port for Mount Clemens on L'Anse Creuse Bay. The present commodious clubhouse and hotel now run by Bingham was built and an electric road was constructed to it from Mount Clemens, which later passed into the control and became a part of the Detroit & Mount Clemens Lake Shore Line. Although the dreams of its originators of a harbor and port have not been realized, yet Lakeside is far from being the failure that Liverpool proved. THE LOSS OF THE STEAMER ERIE is another interesting incident connected with Harrison. The winter of 1842-3 was known in Macomb county, and in fact is still remembered, as "the hard winter. " In that year the winter began the middle of November and lasted with unexampled severity until late in the spring. About December 1st occurred the wrecking of the "Erie," called the "Little Erie" to distinguish it from a larger boat of the same name, in which three men lost their lives. The "Erie" was a passenger and freight steamer and ran in the river and lake trade. Comiing up the lake, she was caught in a snow storm, and as the lake was filled with floating ice, she sprung a leak and was headed for the Point Huron, so as to beach here on the bar in shallow water. The boat sank before reaching shallow water, just on the outside of the bar. Attempts were made at once to get her affloat by sinking scows, fastening them to her with heavy timbers, and then pumping them out. They had succeeded in getting the "Erie" afloat when a furious storm came up, the sea began to rise and broke the fastenings, allowing the Erie to sink again, while the gathering darkness and storm forced the workmen to seek safety. The lake was full of floating ice and several men succeeded in crossing from cake to cake, finally reaching safety on Point Huron. Three men, Edward La Forge, Moses John (or Robertjohn) and Charles Griffard, who took a different direction, found their course blocked by open water and took refuge on a small scow, which, caught in the ice, drifted out into the lake. After the storm had raged for two days search was made and the scow was found near Stony Point, but the men had perished from hunger and cold. There were no more attempts made to raise the Erie and her timbers still lie on the bottom near Point Huron, well known to the fisherman as "the wreck" and a famous resort for bass fishing. Below are given tables of the population and assessed valuation of the township in various years. 632 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1837..........................502 1840..........................395 1845..........................528 1850..........................483 1854..........................499 1860..........................546 1864..........................502 1870..........................605 1874..........................625 1880..........................744 1884..........................708 1890..........................695 1894.........................666 1900..........................721 1904..........................648 1842..................... $ 23,928 1846...................... 1851...................... 1856...................... 1861...................... 1866...................... 1871...................... 1876...................... 1881...................... 1886.................... 1891................. 1896...................... 1901...................... 22,399 22,389 118,686 93,032 89,290 106,855 98,000 288,000 270,000 290,000 300,000 475,000 afforded stopping places for wayfarers and the centers for distribution of news for the residents along these two old roads, but time and space forbid, even though the knowledge of all these interesting spots had not been in many eases carried to the graves of the older inhabitants. Outside of the settlers on the private claims, a list of those who purchased land in Erin from the government prior to 1840 is here given. It perhaps affords a less accurate list of the settlers of the township than is the case of the more northern townships, for the reason that its proximity to Detroit and wealth of the soil made this territory more inviting to the land speculator, while its lack of drainage made it less inviting to the emigrant who was looking for a home which he could shortly make productive. We however give a list of the earliest buyers from the government of lands in the township outside of the private claims. In section 2 Simeon Cadit purchased in December 11, 1827; and in November of 1835 Lot Clark and Steven Warren of New York state and John B. Rivard of this county also took up land. Portions of section 3 were sold as follows: To James Spakeshaft of Wayne county, August 27th, 1833; to James M. Reeves of Orange county, New York, July 9th, 1834; Sylvester F. Atwood of Mount Clemens, September 4th. 1835; to James C. Allen, also of Mount Clemens, November 21st, 1835; and to Clark and Warren, of New York state, November 20th of the same year. In section 5 lands were taken up in 1835 by Henry S. Wyckoff, John S. Schemerhorn, Laurent Charles, William P. Hallet, all of New York City. In 1835 three parties from Chenango county, New York, took up lands in section 6, viz: Adna Phillips, Steven Phillips and Iartford Phillips. Besides these in the same year Patrick Mullin of Wayne county, Patrick Hughes of Monroe county, New York, and William Brown, Jr., of Oakland county, of this state, took up lands in the same section, and early in the following year Mason Palmer and Dennis Callagher, both of Wayne county, made purchases from the government. Section 7 was largely acquired in 1835 and 1836 by Wayne county men, among whom were Thomas Eagan, Patrick Mullin, John Terney, John M. Lamb, Mason Palmer, George R. McKenzie, Thomas Merrigan and David Kennedy. In section 8 as early as September 4th, 1831, lands were taken up by Hial Campbell and CHAPTER XII. ERIN. A good deal of the very earliest history of Erin is already given in the chapter on the private claims, since the first settlers were the occupants of those claims along the lake shore. Until a system of drainage had been begun, a large portion of the lands in Erin were so swampy and flat that they offered few attractions to those seeking homes. As a result, many of the early settlers passed right through what is now the garden spot of the county, and selected as home sand ridges further north, with a soil comparatively poor and light. No section of the county has benefited more than has Erin by the systematic development of the public drains, and that township now presents a picture of rich, fertile lands subject to the most painstaking and productive agriculture. The Gratiot Road. which for years has been the main thoroughfare for all the eastern part of the county, in taking its products by team into Detroit, has, together with the historic Lake Shore Road, given to the township its main historic spots. It would be interesting to note and trace the rise and fall of the various taverns which have PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 633 James Campbell of Monroe county, New York. It was not until three years later that Beverly M. Brown of this county took up the next piece, to be followed the next year by Allen W. Hurlbut of this county, Henry S. Wyckoff of New York City, Malachi O. Beirne and John McMahon of Wayne county. The following year, 1836, two Macomb county men, Everet J. Walderon and Patrick Cahel, and two Wayne county men, Thomas Sullivan and John Usher, bought other lands in this same section. Lands in section 9 were secured by John Hayes of Wayne county June 2d, 1831; Edmund B. Rose of Monroe county, New York, June 6th, 1831; Joseph W. Torrey of Detroit, March 26th, 1832; Jonathan Ferris of West Chester county, New York, June 11th, 1832; James Hale of Monroe county, Michigan, December 1st, 1832; and John S. Schemerhorn of New York City, June 17th, 1835. Section 10 seems to have been largely bought by speculators, as among the buyers appear the names of Wyckoff, Schemerhorn and Clark & Warren of New York, and James C. Allen of Mount Clemens. In addition to these, however, Francis Julian Forton and Charles J. Forton of this county and Francis Dwight of Wayne county took up lands. In section 11 appear the names of Francis Julian Forton, Jr., John B. Rivard, Joseph Campau and Simeon Cadet. One could almost feel sure, from the nationality of these names, that the lands were located in close proximity to the French private claims. Section 14 brings us to familiar names, Christian Clemens, of Mit. Clemens, being the earliest land buyer in the town, October 7, 1818, and John B. Verniea, dit Ladouceur, whom we met among the owners of private claims, having purchased in April, 1825. Section 15 went to Antoine Verniea dit Ladouceur, Francis Peacock, of Monroe County, New York, G. M. Williams, of Wayne County, and Ienry Dwight, of Ontario County, New York. Section 17, which is now so thickly crowded with people in the neighborhood of Utica Junction, seems to have been taken up largely by land speculators, although the earliest land buyer in the section bears a name familiar to the old residents of that locality. Henry Savage, of Mionroe County, New York, bought April 11, 1831, to be followed during that year by John Hayes, of Wayne County; Robert Warn, of Tioga County, New York, and Thomas Knapp, of Detroit. In 1833 the only land in this section taken up was bought by William Chevalier DeWitt, of Madison County, New York. In 1834 Fanny Justus and John Welch, of Wayne County, and in 1835, John S. Schemerhorn, of New York City, purchased other lands in this section. In section 18 again appear the names of Fanny Justus, Henry S. Wyckoff and John S. Schemerhorn, together with John King, John and William Callaghan, Elias M. Beach and Richard Welch, all of whom purchased between December 1, 1834, and May 2, 1836. Section 19 was secured by Eneas Bottomley, William Hamill, of Macomb County, Wyckoff and Schemerhorn, of New York City, and Benjamin Horner, Jonathan Beecroff, James Spakeshaft and John Ready, all of Wayne County. During 1831-2-3 and 1834 lands in section 20 were taken by Sherlock S. Gregory, of Rensselaer County, New York; Thomas P. Curtiss and Elias Stone, of Macomb County; Jonathan Ferris, of West Chester County, New York; Harvey Parker, of Wayne County; William C. DeWitt, of Madison County, New York, and Moses Conn, of Steuben County, New York, who also at the same time took up lands in section 21. In section 21 appears also the name of Lansing B. Mizner, then given as from Ontario County, New York. Mr. Mizner afterwards lived in Detroit for a great many years, and was very largely interested in real estate in both Warren and Erin. Mr. Mizner also secured lands in sections 27 and 28 of this township. Among the other early land buyers in this section were William Curry, of this county; Jonathan Teagan, Samuel Kingston and Benjamin G. Barker, of Wayne County; Beverly Robinson, of New York City, and Henry Dwight, of Ontario County, New York. In section 28, aside from Mizner and Henry Dwight (who took up three pieces), Patrick Healy, of Ontario County, New York; Nicholas Mason, of this county, and Benjamin G. Barker, of Wayne County, were among the early buyers from the Government. Dwight again appears among the buyers in section 29, along with Elias Stone, Thomas Keily and Patrick Sullivan, of this county; George Bolanl, Edmund Kirk and James Moyniham, of Wayne County, and George Karn, of Erie County, Pennsylvania. In section 30 we find the names of William Stevens, of Macomb County (October, 1830); Peter Van Every and Solomon Porter, of Wayne County; Elias Stone, of Livingston County, New York, and Harvey P. Dannals, 634 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of Monroe County, New York, and Richard Haight, of Detroit. The southeast corner of the county, section 31 of this town, was secured by Asquire W. Aldrich, on October 23, 1830, of Wayne County, and later on, May. 29, 1833, of Macomb County; William L., Caleb and Alanson Curtiss, of Oakland County; George W. Torrey and William Storgie, of Detroit; John Dannals, of Monroe County, New York; Amra Morton, of Geauga, Ohio. Land in section 32 was also taken up by Aldrich, and Keily, Jacob Stricker, of Wayne County, and George Bayne, of Orleans County, New York. Sections east of 32 to the lake were taken up by the private claims. As we have seen, Erin Township was first organized under the name of Orange, which was changed in 1843 to Erin. This change of name, it is said, was due to the fact that shortly prior thereto, a large number of the descendants of the sons of Erin had settled in the township, and finding the name distasteful desired a change to one which would remind them of their native isle. A list of the chief officers of the township is here given: Supervisors-John B. Cottrell, 1837; County Comnissioners, 1838-42; Israel Curtiss, 1843; Solomon Porter, 1844; Israel Curtiss, 1845-51; William Stevens, 1852; Peter McGovern, 1853-54; IHenry L. Reeves, 1855-58; Jacob Iletchler, 1859-61; James Whiting, 1862-64; Jacob IHetchler, 1865; Austin Wales, 1866; James Whiting, 1867-72; Robert A. Barton, 1873-75; John Dedenbach, 1876-80; Robert A. Barton, 1881-84; John Dedenbach, 1885; Robert A. Barton, 1886-87; Leonard Schneider, 1888-92; Charles Rein, appointed December 28, 1892; Nicholas Ameis, 1893-95; Leonard Schneider, 1896-1904; John C. Baumgartner, 1905. Clerks โ€”Ienry Bloss, 1883-86; Nicholas Ameis, 1887-90; Henry Bloss, 1891-95; Herman IHummerich, 1896; August W. Nummer, 1897; William Frazho, 1898-1905. Treasurers - Charles Freehauf, 1883; Charles Rein, Sr., 1884-85; Leonard Schneider, 1886-87; Charles Freehauf, 1888; Ienry Verniea, 1889-90; Eugene Voiland, 1891-92; Charles Freehauf, 1893; Henry Verniea, 1894 -1895; Charles Steffens, 1896-97; Louis Stricker, 1898-99; John Bloss, 1900-01; William Zienert, 1902-03; Henry Patow, 1904-05. The schools of Erin are cared for in eight districts with the school property returned as of the estimated value of $12,200. In 1895 the returns show that 484 out of a possible 905 pupils were enrolled. In this connection it must be taken into consideration that a large proportion of the population of Erin is made up of adherents of the Roman Catholic and German churches, who maintain denominational schools, where many of the children receive general as well as religious education. The total amount expended for school purposes in the town, according to the returns of 1904, is $4,069.91. From nine to ten months school is held in each of the school districts annually. The village of Frazer was founded in 1857 by Alex Frazer. It is situated in the northwest corner of the town on the Grand Trunk Railway, where the same is intersected by the Detroit and Utica Plank Road. The first store was built by Fred Eberlein, a Bavarian, who settled there in 1856. A stave mill, long known as the Steffen's mill, was also started by Mr. Eberlein, and has at all times been the largest employer of labor in the village. The village has three churches, a public school, a cigar factory, several stores, etc., and boasts of a population of about three hundred. The village was incorporated March 5, 1895, and includes a portion of the township of Clinton. The first election was set for the first Monday of the following April, at the office of Charles Steffens, and Mr. Steffens, Leonard Schneider, Fred Grover and Charles Klein constituted a board of registration and election. The result of this election was that Charles Steffens was chosen President and George W. Steffens clerk, and they have been repeatedly reelected to these offices up to the present time. The treasurers of the village have been Charles Klein, 1895-6; Henry C. Detzer, 1897-8; Charles Klein, 1899; John Feibelkorn, 1900; Fred C. Eberlein, Jr., 1901-2; Fred Pruehs, 1903-04; and Fred Scott, 1905. Along the Gratiot Road, the postoffice of Roseville has been maintained for many years, sometimes being located at the ten-mile house, long occupied by Gaukler, Ameis and Hummerich, and sometimes further up the road, as at present at Frazhos'. Of late a new postoffice has been located at Hummerichs', called Halfway. The junction of the Detroit & Erin Plank Road and the Detroit and Utica Plank Road in section 17, of the township, has made that point a business center, where a tavern and general store have been maintained for years. Further reference to the plank roads and the electric lines through the township will be found elsewhere. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 635 As with other townships, we here give a table of the population and assessed valuations: 1837 1840 1845 1850 1854 1860 1864 1870 1874 1880 1884 1890 1894 1900 1904 1842 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901 Population. (Orange)............. (Orange)........... 297 193 721 974 1,247 1,975 2,208 2,466 2,443 2,692 2,590 2,449 2,404 2,440 2,299 Assessed Valual................ tion. 31,987.24 24,867.00 40,664.00 230,817.00 249,476.00 317,897.00 354,570.00 380,000.00 1,121,000.00 1,115,000.00 1,100,000.00 1,190,000.00 1,370,000.00 county. Further information concerning its churches, and the plank roads and other means of transportation passing through it will be found elsewhere. The same comments relative to the early land buyers made in reference to Erin are applicable here. As will be noticed a large number of the buyers hailed from Wayne County, many of whom never settled or made homes in the township. Section 1 was taken up by Samuel Buell, of Erie County, New York, in 1835; Herman N. Strong, Gersham M. Williams, Josiah Snow and George W. I-. Fisk, Benjamin G. Barker, Edwin Jerome and Robert R. Howell, John W. Strong, Jr., John Burtis and Andrew Mack, of -Wayne County, in 1836. Section 2 was obtained by Charles S. Adams and John S. Ashley, of Wayne County, in 1836; Dan Van Antwerp, of Oakland County, in 1833; Loring Bryant, of Oakland County, in 1835; Samuel Buell, of Erie County, New York, in 1835; Samuel Gibbs, of Macomb County, in 1835; Gersham M. Williams, of Wayne County, in 1835; Benjamin G. Barker, of Wayne County, 1835; Edwin Jerome and Robert R. Howell, of Wayne County, in 1836; Sarah Van Antwerp, of Macomb, in 1836. Section 3 was purchased by Moses M. Willson, of Oakland County, in 1833; Louis Beaufait, of Wayne County, in 1833; Vital Beaufait, of Wayne County, in 1833; Charles D. Hadden and Daniel Lindsley, of Green County, Michigan, in 1833; John L. Rickert, Henry Mann, of Oakland County, Michigan, the former buying in 1833, and the latter in 1834. Section 4 was granted to Richardson Gray, of Oakland County, in 1833; Archibald Lamphere, of Ontario County, New York, in 1833; Varnum Lamphere, of Ontario County, New York, in 1833; David Ripley, of Chautauqua County, New York, in 1833; Aaron S. Vedder, of Wayne County, in 1833; MIary Spinnings, of Wayne County, in 1834; David H. Rowland, of Wayne County, in 1836. Section 5 was bought by Peter Gillet, of Monroe County, New York, in 1832; Alonzo Haight, of Steuben County, New York, in 1833; Varnum Lamphere, of Ontario County, New York, in 1832; Thomas Bruce, Oakland County, in 1833; James N. Bruce, Silas Willson, of Oakland County, in 1833; John Ward, of New York City, in 1834; James W. Bruce, of Macomb County, in 1835. Section 6 was secured by Perry Smith, of Luman Smith, of Wayne County, New York, in 1832; Isaac W. Barton, of Oakland County, in 1833; John 1. Barton, of Oakland County, CHIAPTER XIII. TOWNSHIP OF WARREN. Like Erin, our most southwestern township has been largely benefited by the system of public drains, which have relieved the country of the water which in early days turned no small portion of the township into a marsh. Indeed, so impassable was the cranberry marsh, which included the southwest portion of the township that in early days it formed a serious obstacle to those who sought to go from Detroit to Pontiac, compelling them to come by the way of Mt. Clemens, at times. The desirability of draining this marsh was so apparent that at an early date it was seriously suggested that an artificial stream be dug from this locality to empty into the Detroit River at Detroit, it being suggested that the water powuer thus gained would be sufficient to justif y the expense. The township since developed. has proven to be one of the most fertile and thickly populated sections of the 636 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1833; Anna Evans, Obediah Murray, of Oakland County, Michigan; Gideon Rude, Geauga County, Ohio, in 1835; Phineas Walker and John H. Barton, of Macomb County, in 1836. Section 7 was acquired by Hiram Walker, of Macomb, in 1835; Alva Ewers, Andrew P. McReynolds and Cullen Brown, of Wayne County, in 1835; Nehemiah Ingersoll, of Wayne County, in 1836. Section 8 was settled by Alva Ewers and Edwin Stevens, Nehemiah Ingersoll, of Wayne County, the first two coming in 1835 and the latter in 1836; Thomas Rogan, of Geauga County, 1835; David Chase, of Oakland County, in 1835; Jonathan Chase, of Oakland County, in 1835. Section 9 was purchased by Ira Burton, Asoph Phillips, John Phillips, from Oakland County, in 1833; Eurotas P. Hastings, Detroit City, Michigan, in 1833; Charles Torrey, of Oakland County, in 1834; Mercy Lida Dennison, of Oakland County, in 1834; Alinon Cotton, of Livingston County, New York, in 1835; Jonathan Chase, of Oakland County, in 1836. Section 10 was procured by Ransom Smith, of Livingston County, New York, in 1833; Jenizen F. Glazier, of Oakland County, in 1834; Joseph L. Davidson, Enoch S. Davidson, of Ontario County, New York, in 1835; William Bailey, of Niagara County, New York, in 1835; John Winder, of Wayne County, in 1835; Gurdon C. Leech, of Macomb County, in 1835. Section 11 was settled by Jeremiah Godfrey, John Winder, Eurotas Hastings, Fertullus D. Butler, Benjamin G. Barker, of Wayne County, in 1835. The earliest land buyers in section 12, in order of their purchase, were Asquire W. Aldrich, of M1acomb County; John McCarthy and James McGuire, of Monroe County, New York; James Nowlan, of Wayne County; John MeGooran, Eurotas P. Hastings, Charles A. Hassett, of Wayne County, William Smith Ingham, Cayuga County, New York; Burnet Miller, of Wayne County; Silas Titus, of Wayne County; Burnet Miller, of Wayne County. Section 13 was sold to Elias Clark, of Bristol County, Mass., in 1835; Robert D. Smith, of Wayne County, in 1835; William S. Miles, of Wayne County, in 1835; Sylvanus P. Jermain, of the city of Albany, New York, in 1836; Asquire W. Aldrich, of Macomb County, in 1836; James D. Winans and Levi Cook, of Wayne County, in 1836. Section 14 was secured by Edwin Jerome, George C. Godfrey, Reuben Moore and William N. Carpenter, William Dorsey, of Wayne County, in 1835; James D. Winans, of Wayne County, in 1836. Section 15 was taken up by Henry Doty, of Wayne County, Michigan, in 1836; Asa Stoddard, of Sullivan County, New Hampshire, 1834; Harris Sopher, of Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in 1835; Wilson Barber, of Erie County, New York, in 1835; Gilman Alexander, of Oakland County, Michigan, in 1835; Philander Hunter, of Wayne County, in 1835; Alice Doty, of Wayne County, in 1835. Section 17 was sold to Charles Barrows, of Macomb County, in 1834; Cornelius Hollenbeck, of Ontario County, New York, in 1835; Joseph H. Quick, of Oakland County, in 1835; Andrew D. V. Quick, of Oakland County, in 1835; Henry T. Sherwood, of Huron County, Ohio, in 1835; Shubael Conant, of Wayne County, in 1835. Sections 18 and 19 were secured by Shubael Conant, of Wayne County, in 1835. Section 20 was bought by Charles B. Hatch, of Oakland County, in 1834; Antoine Rivard, Hubert Chicoine and Shubael Conant, of Wayne County, in 1835. Section 21 was taken up by Monique Knaggs, of Wayne County, in 1833; Lambert Laderoute, of Wayne County, 1834; Hiram M. Rose, Joel French, Gabriel Yates, John S. Parker, of Oakland County, in 1835; Evangile Laderoute, Jacques Laferte, Peter Laderoute, of Wayne County, in 1835; Charles Langevin, Charles Groesbeck, of Macomb County, in 1835. Section 22 was granted to Robert Ramsay, Lyman E. Rose, Harris Coray, John S. Parker, Abram Harrington, of Oakland County, in 1835; William Howland, of Macomb, in 1835; James G. Crane, assignee, of Thomas Little, of Wayne County, in 1835; Andrew M. Waltrous, of Oakland County, in 1836. Section 23 was procured by Timothy Rinn, Cornelius Lyons, John W. Strong, Jr., Robert R. Howell, Michael Crowley, William Marony and Edward Stackpole, of Wayne County, in 1835; George W. Hill, of Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1836; Ruel Ambrose, of Wayne County, in 1836. Section 24 was purchased by Ienry S. Wyckoff, of the city of New York, in 1835; John S. Schemerhorn, of the city of New York, in 1835; Joseph Bird and Ruel Ambrose, David G. Hanmer, of Wayne County, in 1835; Sylvanus P. Jermain, of the city of New York, in 1836. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 637 Section 25 was acquired by George Bolain Lent, of Macomb County, in 1832; Willet C. Day, of Oneida County, New York, in 1834; Henry S. Wyckoff, of the city of New York, in 1835. Section 26 was secured by Ezra Rood, of Wayne County, in 1835; Cornelius Tilsen, Michael Ryan, Dan Sullivan, John Matthias Kirk, Gersham Mott Williams, James Treasy and William Cummins, of Wayne County, in 1835; Michael Hines, of Ontario County, New York, in 1835. Section 27 was taken up by Alexander Campbell, of Macomb County, in 1833; Owens Sullivan, of Wayne County, in 1834; Hiram M. Rose, Lymran E. Rose, of Oakland County, in 1835; Michael Ryan, of Wayne County, in 1835; William Nolan, of Maconlb County, in 1835; Thomas Shelby, of Wayne County, in 1835. Section 28 was bought by Nehemiah Ingersoll, of Wayne County, in 1835; Louis Groesbeck, of Macomb, in 1830; William Groesbeck and Francois C. Desgrandchalmps, of Macomb County, in 1832; Pierre Desgrandchamps, of Macorb County, in 1832; Pierre Joseph Morgeot, of Macomb County, in 1833; Joseph Diron and Felise Anette, of Wayne County, in 1833; Alexander Campbell, of Macomb County, in 1833; Louis Groesbeck, of Macomb County, in 1833. Sections 29, 30, 31 and 32 were all purchased from the Government by Shubael Conant, of Wayne County, July 6, 1835. Mr. Conant was one of the most noted of the old merchants of Detroit, and being extensively interested in real estate of Macomb County, is entitled to a passing notice in its history. lie was born in Mansfield, Windham County, Conn., August 1, 1783. IHe first visited Detroit in 1807, and returned with a stock of goods, July, 1809, and opened a store in the two-story wooden building on the south side of Jefferson avenue, between Bates and Randolph streets. In 1816 he entered into partnership with Stephen Mack, and the firm of Mack & Conant did a large business as fur traders and general merchants in their store on the south side of Jefferson avenue, between Woodward and Griswold, but later, owing to the speculations in lands which were indulged in by Mack, the firm met with financial disaster. Conant, however, continued in business and gradually accumulated until at his death, July 18, 1867, he was counted wealthy. During his long life in Detroit he was given many public honors, was always cherished as a good companion, successful business man and patriotic citizen. The earliest land buyers in section 33, in the order of their purchase, were Charles Groesbeck and William Groesbeck, of Wayne County; Fabian Rivard and Charles Rivard, of Wayne County; Charles Groesbeck, of Macomb County, and Charles Rivard, of Wayne County; Thonlas Tierney, of Detroit; Justus Ingersoll and Zebulon Kisby, of Wayne County. Section 34 was secured by MIichael Pheland, Patrick Butler, of Wayne County, in 1833; Charles Groesbeck, of Macomb County, in 1833; James Omarra, John Nolan, of Detroit, in 1833; Cornelius Mara, of Wayne County, in 1834; Garret Reeves, of Macomb County, in 1834; Victorie Rivard, of Wayne County, in 1835; Michael Dalton, of Wayne County, in 1835; John Nolan, of Macomb, in 1834; Benjamin F. HI. Witherell and Cullen Brown and R. Stewart, of Wayne County, in 1835. Section 35 was taken up by Christopher Keiser, of Wayne County, in 1833; Martin Bano, of Detroit City, in 1833; Henry Gies, of Wayne County, in 1834; John Groll, of Wayne County, in 1834; George Jacob Stawch, of Macomb County, in 1835; Lesnelette II. Moore, of city of New York, in 1835; John Cook, of Wayne County, in 1835; Benjamin F. Witherell, Cullen Brown and Robert Stewart, of Wayne County, in 1835. Section 36 was patented to Israel Curtis, of Oakland County, in 1830; Joseph W. Torrey, of Detroit City, in 1832; Robert Linn, Macomb County, in 1832; Dandeline Hiummel. of Macomb County, in 1832; John Couto, of Detroit, in 1833; Frederick Guth, of Wayne County, in 1833; Mary Gercian, of Wayne County, in 1833; John Eggert, John Tronimans, Frederick Winter, all of Wayne County, in 1833; John Groll, of Wayne County, in 1834. Of late years many of the incoming inhabitants have been of the Belgian nationality, who have helped develop the truck gardening industry in the township. The press is represented in the township by the Warren Watchman, which for years has been published by Homer Harwood, at the village of Warren. This village has a population of about four hundred, and was incorporated in 1893. Its Presidents have been John C. Flynn, 1893-4; Frank A. Reddick, 1895: James M. Stanley, 1896; Robert McClure, 1897; Frank A. Reddick, 1898; Charles Gerloch, 1899-1900-01; Frank A. Reddick, 1902 -1905. 638 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY The Clerks for the same time have been Charles S. Beebe, 1893; Archie C. Lyons, 1894-5; Frank C. Wells, 1896; Archie C. Lyons, 1897; Martin Denee, 1898-1902; Charles F. Peek, 1903-5. The Treasurers of the village since its organization have been Robert Tharrett, 1893 -1894; James M. Stanley, 1895; Herbert E. Rivard, 1896-7; Wright Tharrett, 1898-9; Clinton Osborne, 1900; Wright Tharrett, 1901-2; Peter Kennelly, 1903-4; George B. Walker, 1905. Among the prominent residents of the village of the past and present, have been John Ames, Milo Ames, Oliver Barton, J. L. Beebe and sons, C. Davy, William Cole, D. L. Case, C. Groesbeck, Louis Groesbeck, Silas E. Halsey, John Hartman, Rev. Arnold Harwood, George Eckstein, Nicholas Berger, W. Helzenger, Edward Tharrett, Alonzo Tharrett, G. B. Walker and many others. In the village besides three churches, a feed and saw mill, several stores, blacksmith shop, etc., are located, the Bank of Warren, Burr & Newberry, proprietors; the Warren Canning Co., the Warren Creamery Company and the Warren Roller Mills. The village is situated upon the Bay City branch of the Michigan Central Railroad. The educational interests of Warren are taken care of in seven school districts, having school property returned as worth $8,725. Three thousand six hundred and forty-eight dollars and forty-three cents was returned in 1904 as expended in the township for educational purposes. Three hundred and fortyone out of a possible 766 pupils were enrolled in the schools. Here, as in Erin, it must be remembered that denominational schools accommodate many of the children in their lay as well as religious education. About the Catholic Church, established by Bishop Lefevre in 1854, in section 22, of the township, has grown up a settlement, which in common with the railroad station a half mile west on the Bay City Railroad, is commonly referred to as Center Line. Here a postoffice has been maintained for years. A list of the chief township officers and a table of the population and assessed valuation of the township, are given for reference. Population. 1864...................... 1,468 1870...................... 1,938 1874...................... 2,214 1880...................... 2,401 1884...................... 2,384 1890...................... 2,423 1894...................... 2,592 1900...................... 2,567 1904...................... 2,498 Assessed Valuation. 1842................$ 42,812.20 1846................ 29,259.00 1851................ 35,032.00 1856................ 252,144.00 1861................ 182,584.00 1866................ 239,910.00 1871................ 313,700.00 1876................ 340,000.00 1881................ 1,014,000.00 1886................ 970,000.00 1891................ 985,000.00 1896................ 1,080.000.00 1901................ 1,196,000.00 Supervisors-Samuel Gibbs, 1837-38; John II. Barton, 1839; Ienry W. Larraway, 1840 -1841; George Bolam, 1842-45; Alonzo Haight, 1846; George Bolam, 1847-48; John L. Beebe, 1849-53; George W. Corey, 1853-56; George Bolam, 1857-59; Louis Groesbeck, 1860-62; Joseph T. DeConick, 1863-64; Louis Groesbeck, 1865-66; Charles S. Groesbeck, 1867-70; Louis Groesbeck, 1871-78; Paul Lefevre, 1879-86; Jacob Hartsig, 1887-97; Julius Lefevre, 1898-1902; Jacob Hartsig, 1903-05; Ferdinand Grobbel, 1905. Clerks-Alonzo Haight, 1837; Daniel A. Denison, 1838-39; George W. Corey, 1840-41; Loring Hawley, 1842-48; George W. Corey, 1849-51; William C. Groesbeck, 1852-53; Louis Groesbeck, 1854-56; Charles S. Groesbeck, 1857-60; Francis E. Groesbeck, 1861-64; N. H. Brown, 1865-66; William J. Enright, 1867; John Kaltz, 1868; John W. Kingscott, 1869; Royal A. Jenny, 1870; John Kaltz, 1871-72; George W. Adair, 1873; Paul Lefevre, 1874-77; Henry W. Miller, 1878-83; Jacob Hartsig, 1884-86; John Kaltz, 1887-99; Frank J. Wiegand, 1899; John Buechel, 1900 -1903; Otto Jacob, 1904; John Buechel, 1905. Treasurers-Louis L. Beaufait, 1837-40; Loring Hawley, 1840-41; Avery Dennison, 1842; Cornelius Fehan, 1843-45; Avery Dennison, 1846; Samuel Jones, 1852; Loring Hawley, 1853; Joseph Tobin, 1854; Prosper LeDuc, 1855; Fred H. Walker, 1856; William E. Hartsig, 1857-58; Arnold Harwood, 1859; John W. Kingscott, 1860-61; John Wardhoff, 1862-66; Peter Rotarius, 1867; George H. 1837 1840 1845 1850 1854 1860 249 337 421 700 997 1,335 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 639 Brinkers, 1868; Louis Itartsig, 1869-71; Martin J. Ioffman, 1872-74; Vincent Tremble, 1875-77; Mathias Hoffman, 1878-79; Louis IIartsig, 1880; Peter Miller, 1881-82; Mathias Hoffman, 1883-84; Joseph Rinke, 1885-86; Julius Lefevre, 1887-88; Joseph Rinke, 1889 -1890; Ferdinand Grobbel, 1891-92; Julius Lefevre, 1893-94; Francis J. Miller, 1895-96; George Burr, 1897-98; Edward H. Peck, 1899 -1900; Jacob Ilartsig, 1901-02; Peter Schanher, 1903-04; Michael Smith, 1905. Among the names of those who have helped make the history of Warren Township should be named especially George Bolam, the oldtime supervisor and "King of Warren"; various members of the Groesbeck family, who for years were powerful in Warren politics, of whom two members, Charles S. and Louis, became prominent citizens of Mt. Clemens; the Lefevre brothers, who a little later occupied very similar positions in the Democratic party of Warren; Arnold Harwood, who came originally from Vermont, and had lived in Richmond Township and Mit. Clemens before he settled in Warren, who has lived in Warren for the past half century and upwards, and shares with Almon D. Jenny the honor of being the oldest living residents of Warren, and many others, some of whom will be mentioned in the biographical section of this work. CHAPTER XIV. UTICA. Tradition has it that upon the return of the IHarrington family to Frederick, after the close of the War of 1812, they found squatted upon their lands some former residents of Canada who, however, apparently had no intentions of wrongfully appropriating others' property, and promptly vacated, and moved further on up the river and located in the neighborhood of Utica. Among this little colony was Thomas Squires, who is generally reputed to have been the first white inhabitant who died in Utica. HIis father, Nathaniel Squires, with his mother, Jemima, and his brother, Iiram, located near the present site of Utica in May, 1817. Among these inhabitants who were compelled to leave the Harrington farm was the Hoxie, who afterwards settled near Romeo, who is sometimes reputed to be the earliest settler there. Vague stories concerning the antecedents of Hoxie and his reputed connection with the lake pirate, "Black Snake," were current as furnishing a reason why he and a few companions sought refuge in the wilds north of Detroit. He was formerly a lumberman on the St. Lawrence River. The elder Squire, in partnership with Joseph Cook, located 640 acres on section 28, in Shelby, and there resided until his death in 1832. Joelamy Squire, a half-sister of Thomas and HIiram, was the first white child born in Utica, in July, 1817. She was afterwards a Mrs. Muir, of Almont. About this same time, if not with the Squires, came a man by the name of MacDougal, who visited the few log cabins already erected and gave a dance, the music of which he furnished with his fiddle. He seems to have fiddled his way into the hearts of the inhabitants, who, relying on his promises to return the next year with mnore settlers and to found a village, called the little community " MacDougalville." MacDougal's promises proving false, the indignant people gradually dropped the name and the author is assured by \Irs. Elizabeth K. Selleck that when she came to Utica, in 1831. the name commonly used was "'Iog Hollow." However, when the first plat of the place was made by Joseph Stead, in November, 1829, he called the place "Harlow," after an English town. This plat included what is now the heart of the village, but was later modified so that neither its streets nor lots correspond in name or dimensions with the present town. There were 44 lots platted, facing Franklin, Washington, Hamilton, Monroe and Adams streets. A later plat of the village made by Joseph Stead covered a much larger portion of the present village. The first tavern in the town was kept by Benjamin Kittridge. In 1831, when Luther K. Madison came to Utica, a one-story hotel was on the northwest corner of the main streets and was kept by John Alien. At this time, Gurden C. Leech built the first two stories of the old Exchange Hotel for Madison. Madison had come from Rochester, New York, to Detroit, and fearing the cholera there, as it was then prevalent, had come on to Utica. Leech used some mill timber which had already been cut, and cutting the rest of the lumber from trees standing on his own lands, had the house inclosed so that the family moved in inside of six weeks. Mr. Madison kept the hotel for about three years and then returned to Detroit, for about the same period during which he kept the Burlingame House. After his return to Utica he lived on farms in the immediate neighborhood until about 1850, when he purchased the Jenney house in Utica, which he ran for a while, and after its sale removed to Grand Rapids. 640 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Among the families that occupied the dozen houses of the village upon the coming of the Madisons, were Harlehigh Carter, Payne K. Leech, Gurden C. Leech, John Allen, Samuel Adair and his sons George and W. P., Dr. Lyman T. Jenney, Dr. Henry R. Shetterly, while in the immediate vicinity were Joseph Hoxie, Asa Huntly, Elias Scott, Ralph Wright, John Stead, Holmes, Covel and George and Steven Merrill. From other sources we learn that at this time besides the above named, there were located in and about Utica, John James, William A. Davis, William Smith, Ethan and Luman Squires, Lyman Wentworth, B. L. Watkins, Peter Moe, Jedediah and Amasa Messenger, Joseph Lester and Anthony King. The first school was taught in a shanty which stood very near the site of the present school house, and was first used during the winter of 1818-19. The seats ware basswood logs split in the middle and supported by pegs. They had no backs, nor desks, and black boards were hung upon the wall at convenient heights for the use of the pupils. There were fourteen or fifteen pupils in schools kept for about two months. In 1821 a new school house was built, standing on Cass street, and one of the best remembered teachers in it was Prescott B. Thurston, afterwards Judge of Probate of the county. Another log school house was also erected at an early date near the site of the present railroad depot. The first wedding occurred in 1819, when Eleazer Scott, Justice of the Peace, married a sister of one of the settlers, Irene Sweet, to one Johnson, who came from above Rochester. As in Mt. Clemens, almost the first improvement made, outside of a dwelling, was a distillery, one having been built previous to 1828 by William A. Davis. A second one was erected in 1831 by Payne K. Leech. In about 1843-4 a third one was erected by James Stephens, and the following year a fourth by Charles Chapel on the canal. In 1828-9 Adam Price built the first saw mill and grist mill. Two years earlier, a saw mill had been erected by Jacob Price on the site of the present Utica mills. The town was called Harlow until 1833, when in obedience to the wishes of many from New York state who had settled here, it was determined at an election held at the house of Elias Scott, to adopt as the name of the village, the name of New York's prominent city, Utica. The name was suggested by Gurden C. Leech. It is whispered that in the celebration which followed the new christening of the place, the products of the distillery were freely sampled. Under an act approved March 9, 1838, a portion of the townships of Shelby and Jefferson (now Sterling) was incorporated as the village of Utica, and the first village election ordered to be held at the school house on the first Monday of May, 1838. Organization as a village was affected under this act, but was soon allowed to lapse in the confusion and discouragement that followed the financial panics and industrial disasters of the next few years. In 1838-39, what was commonly spoken of as the Strap Railroad, was built. The rails of the road were made of poles strapped on to logs and the propelling power was horse. The road was to run to Detroit and have its terminus on the Campus Martius, but never reached that point. Within five miles of the place it turned off and ran to Conner's Creek. Gurden C. Leech and a man by the name of Clark and one by the name of Moore were most prominent and active in building it. Its terminus at Utica was near the present railroad crossing, and in connection with it was erected a large three-story hotel on the west side of the river, known as the Railroad Hotel. One of the carpenters who worked. on this hotel was one Sheldon, who afterwards took part in the Patriot War. The road was only operated a short time, and proved to be but another one of the fiascos which characterized the period. During this period Utica was the center of great activity, and by reason of the building of the canal and the operation of the Utica Bank, shared to greater extent than any other spot in the county, both in the wild hopes and dreams with which those enterprises were started and in the disasters and depressions which followed the collapse of the schemes. In 1846 D. M. Price and Charles W. Chapel built the canal mills, now known as the canal railroad mills, utilizing as a mill race the canal which has ever since been kept in repair for the sake of its water power between Rochester and Utica. The first church built in Utica was the M. E. Church, on the east side of the canal, a little south of the school house. From there it was moved to its present site. The Congregationalist Church was built in 1856 and the Catholic about 1870. The German Lutheran Church was dedicated August 20, 1882. Aside from the Utica Sentinel, which was started in 1876 and has continued a successful publication ever since, the press has been represented in Utica only by the Enterprise, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 64I which ran for a short time in the wild-eat period, and the Utica Citizen, started in 1882, and which died at an early age. According to one authority, the Enterprise was published by Henry Fish and R. W. Jenney, with C. B. t1. Fessenden as editor, although it is also claimed that it was started by Gurden C. Leech and published by Luther K. Madison. William Ii. Marvin, in 1876, came from Toledo and located at Utica and there started the UItica Sentinel. lie, with the help of his family, have edited and printed the paper ever since. It has slowly won its way and is now widely read not only in the county but by former residents of the county. The paper has been independent in politics, progressive in its business, and is successful in every way. In October, 1835, a Presbyterian Church was organized at Utica, the last records of which that can be found are dated September, 1845. This was started during the wildcat times, when West Utica particularly was booning. That part of the village was staked off into village lots and spaces reserved for parks, and the large railroad hotel (which afterwards burned) was built. A large Presbyterian Church was commenced, but never got beyond the frame and roof. The organization, however, probably continued up urtil nearly the time when the Congregational Church was organized, the first move toward which waas taken November 30, 1854, the organization being finally consummated Jan - ary 11, 1855. The present church building was erected in the summer of 1856, and the Rev. William Platt, from Oberlin, was the first pastor. He remained for seventeen years, until June, 1871, leaving Utica for Lodl Plains. IHe was followed by the Rev. Obediah Hobbs, who remained however only six months. After being six months without a pastor, the Rev. Mr. Breed came, continuing his work until April 1, 1877. During his pastorate the membership increased three fold. Rev. Alworth followed, remaining nearly two years. In October, 1879, Rev. William Platt, the first pastor, returned and remained until his death in Auglust, 1880. IIe was among tlh most beloved and respected ministers Utica has ever known; was born in Lebanon County, New York, November 3, 1818, and by his own efforts, after his conversion secured his education. In the '40's he took an active part in the anti-slavery agitation. HIe had been in pastoral work at Lapeer some eight years before colling to Utica. Rev. 11. M1. Wright became pastor of this church January 2, 1881, coming from Anlo ver Theological Seminary. The Rev. J. Walter Thrush succeeded Mr. Wright in July, 1885, and remained two years, to be succeeded by the Rev. John Thomas, who remained about a year. Rev. Jesse Povey was acting pastor for two years after November, 1888, and was followed successfully by the Rev. H. A. Nichols, Rev. J. H. Butler, Rev. W. F. Wilmot, and Rev. Jonathan Turner. The Methodist Episcopal Church is one of the old land marks of Utica and was organized in an early day, its present pastor being Rev. Manly P. Karr. As stated before, the church was originally built in 1840 near the canal and later moved to its present site. The first doctor in Utica was Lymnan T. Jenney, who had retired from active practice as early as 1845. In his early practice, the doctor was compelled to walk for the two-fold reason that there were no horses about the country then nor roads upon which they could be used. IIe has been known to walk as far as Frederick and Romeo to visit his patients. Dr. Henry R. Shetterly was another of the very early physicians to be followed a little later by Drs. Powers, Cowee, W. W. Andrus, and Dr. Win. Brownell (who came to this country in the spring of 1851), and Dr. P. A. Knight, who came in 1845. The medical profession in Utica have always contained some of its mIost progressive and active citizens, and upon them have fallen to an unusual extent, the malnagement of its public affairs. The present Utica banking company was organized about 1896, under the management of IT. J. LaMontaine, and has since conducted a careful, conservative and successful banking business. The first postmaster was William Smith, familiarly known as "Picket"' Smith. He received this nick name from the fact that he conceived the idea of making pickets on the fiats near the river and floating them down the river to its mouth and thence to Detroit. Ile held the office from 1828-41. He was succeeded by Richard L. Clark, one of the parties interested in the strap railroad who kept the office in a small building on Cass street, nearly opposite the Mt. Clemens road, being the same building afterwards used as a bowling alley, and which the women of Utica destroyed July 9, 1846, in their indignation over the neglect of their husbands, brothers and lovers for whom the "ball alley" had too strong an attraction. After the death of Clark, Luther K. Mladison became postmaster. In 1845 the citizens of Utica held an election to select a postmaster, and John James, 642 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY a Whig, was chosen, but on the advice of "Cuff" Niles, then a power in Democratic politics, a new choice was made and Carey Worden became postmaster. In 1849 John N. Young, the first president of the re-incorporated village, was postmaster. He resigned in favor of John H. Kaple, afterwards postmaster of Detroit, who kept the office in a small building just west of the present bank building. He was succeeded by Dr. William Brownell, and he in turn by John HI. Goff. Seymour Brownell was appointed postmaster February 11, 1858, eleven days before he became twenty-one. He was succeeded by (eorge Brownell in 1859, and he in turn by William W. Andrus in 1861. Dr. Andrus, refusing to "Johnsonize" at the time of the difference between President Johnson and his party, a new postmaster in the person of Reuben T. St. John was selected. Ile was followed by William H. Scott, and he by Alexander Grant in 1873. Mrs. J. P. Grant, Utica's only postmistress, was appointed in 1883 and was followed by William S. Andrus. S. P. St. John was postmaster under Cleveland's first administration, and was followed by Stuart Beatty, who, however, for political reasons, was not then allowed to hold the office for any length of time. James Grant served as postmaster from 1889 to 1893, and Syra Morrison for the next four years. Fred 11. Clark was appointed in 1897 and remained postmaster until the appointment of Stuart Beatty, the present incumbent, in 1903. Utica has been singularly fated in its fires. Years ago a large fire took place on the southeast corner of Cass and Main streets, which burned stores owned by Seymour Brownell and J. N. Young, and a few years later the northwest corner of these streets was cleaned out. In each case, it was only with great difficulty that the buildings on the other corners, the Exchange Hotel and the Upton Block, were saved. The town was not so fortunate in May, 1904, when on Sunday morning, a fire was found to have been started in the barn of the old Exchange Hotel, opposite the Mr\t. Clemens Road. The origin of the fire is not known certainly, but is thought to have been the work of a tramp. It spread rapidly to the hotel and from there across the road, both to the north and to the east, and was soon entirely beyond all control until a fire department from the city of Detroit reached the village. In addition to the Exchange Hotel, the old land mark of the village and its barn, the residence of James Messmore, was burned in that block. Across Cass street the entire block bounded by Main and Shelby streets and the MIt. Clemens road, was swept, wiping out Rampton's shoe store, the dry goods store next door, Messmore's meat market and adjacent store building, and the barn back of it, and Hupert's house and barn on Main street at the corner of Shelby street. On the northwest corner of Cass and Main streets the bank building, Chapaton's shoe store, Itupert's meat market and Abernethy's shoe store were cleaned out. The fire also crossed Cass street to the block on the northeast corner of Main street and there wiped out the Upton Block, a large three-story building built m.any years ago, and also the residences of Mr. William Upton and of John Ruby, the livery barn owned by Mrs. DeKay, and occupied by A. G. Summers, Orcutt's blacksmith shop and carriage factory and the large carriage factory of Kaps, and then continuing northward, consumled all the dwellings to a point nearly 200 feet beyond the alley, running through the block and up to the property of the Catholic Church on the west side of Shelby street. At one time it seemed certain that no part of the town lying to the windward of the fire could possibly be saved, and such would have been the case had the arrival of the fire engines from Detroit been delayed a few minutes longer. The fire involved a loss of nearly, if not quite, $80,000, and seemed temporarily to mean a serious setback to the village, but the inhabitants soon went to work with renewed vigor and commenced the rebuilding of the burned district with nuch more substantial and handsome structures than were the old ones, and the loss to the individuals by the fire is proving to be the community's gain. July 9, 1905, another disastrous fire, involving approximately $25,000 loss, started in the hotel barn of the Clinton House, and before its progress was cheeked the Clinton House, both hotel and barn, the office of Dr. Wiley, the dwelling of John Ruby, the hardware store and new store building of Wagner, and Reick Brothers' store, on the south side of Main street were wiped out. The village of Utica, as we have seen, was first organized years ago, but the organization falling into disuse, it was re-incorporated May 10, 1877. Its first President was John N. Young, who came to Utica in 1854. Its first Clerk was Alexander Grant, and its first Trustees were E. P. Adair, William II. IHarvey, Joseph Kaps, J. II. St. John, Calvin Ladd, Henry Mitchell. The Presidency of the village has been filled successively by Dr. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 643 William A. Andrus, William HI. Harvey, Jehiel S. IHollister, John I. Crissmian, Fred J. IPusenibury, William 11. M-Llarvin, G eo. G. Roberson and the present incumbent, August R. 1hahn. Fromn the humble start, which has been noted before in the way of school houses, U.tica's schools have progressed until they are now housed in a fine three-story brick building, occup~ 1ying a: coniianiding site north of the center of the town. T he returns show that in 1904, the school prop~erty was estimated to be wNcorth $8,000, and that of the 226 children of school- age in the district, 176 had been enrolled ini the school during the past year; $3,3 18.63 wxas spent by the district during the year. The popuflation of Utica, according to each census taken since the re-incorporation of the village, is as follows: 1880, 493; 1884, 510; 1890, 563; 1894, 59 1900, 562; 1904, 520. The clerkls and treasurers of the village for the last twvelve years have been as follows: ClerksDEnoch J. Andrews, 1893-94; Albert F. Leech, 1895-97; Enoch J. Andrew's, 1898; John F. Ilollister, 1899-1904; Ralph Wilcox, 1905. Treiasurers-Harmanaid Reick, 1887; Charles 11. Firinan, 1888; itoward S. Dusenbury, 1889-94; Jamiies Messinore. 1895-96; Herman J. Reick, 1897; Howard S. Dusenbury, 1898-99; Ernest hdahni, 1900; Howard 0. essmiore, 1901-02: James B. Russell, 1903-04; Fre(d. Reick, 1905. CHII A PTE R X V. TOWNSiIP OF STERLING. The early vhistory of tue northern part of this towniship is closely associatedl with the history~, of Uticatj, an reference to that c h lapter will show man-y of the niamiies of the early settlers of the towlnship. The Clinton ii iver ruinning through the northerly and easterly lortions of thie towniship with Plum Brook, Beaver Creek aend the Red Run afford wayis aiid mieains of draiiage for the towniship. Alongo each side of the river are old established higYhways, a lonig which maany of the earliest settlers of the township located. The one onl the west side becoming a part of the I)etroit & ITtica Plank Road CompanIly, was for mtiany years operated as a toll road. Utica is the only village included in the towniship. Sections one, two and three of this towiiship are crossed by the old Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal referred to iii another chapter. The first election iii the towvnship held at the house of Jonathan T. Allen, April 6th, 1835, resulted in the selection of William A. Davis, Supervisor; John -M. Chapman, Clerk; Johni St. John, Elias Scott, and Orton Gibbs, Assessors; Abram Freeland, Collector; John T. Allen and Russell Andrus, Directors of the Poor; Samunel MAerrill, Louis 1)ralie and Joseph Stickney, Conunissioners of Highways; Nathan N. Miller, Elias B. Jackson and Cordello Curtiss, School Comnmiissioners; Alex Warner audi William A. -Davis, Pouiid M11asters. rrlie chief township officers since that time have been: Supervisors-Williamil A. lavis. 1835; IIilan Ober, 1836-7; County Coininissioners, 1838-42; Williami A. Davis, 1843; John B. St. St. John, 1844-48; Iilan Ober, 1849-50; Eli S. Scott, 1851; John 13. St. John. 1852-55; Leonard Ml. Caster, 1856; John B. St. JTohn, 181157-59;Benj amiin C. Guniin, 1860; A. W. Aldrich, 1861; John 1B. St. John, 1862-69; Saimuel 1I. St. Johii, 1870; Seymour Brownell, 1871-72); l1umnl1plrev Mfurphy. 1873-91; Ira C'. Chapman,,, 1892-97: Anihrewv Burr, 1898-1902; Franiik F. Forton, 1903-05. Clerks-,Jamies Wallace, 1836:;Lvnian T. _JenneV, 1838; C. B1. II. Fessendeni, 1840; Chester W. Phelps, 1841-45; Julius A. Smith. 1847; Williaii Cow ie, 1848; G'eorge A. Adair, 1849; Elias Scott, 1850; James Abernethy, 1851-52; L. LJ. Bailey, 1854; Seth K. Shetterly 18 C 5); George Browxvinell, 1862); Elam,eoe, 1869; Georae Brownell, 1870; George W. Abernethyx 1872 Georoe Brownell, 1873 -75: Geoierg W Abernethy, 1877; George Brownell, 1878; Seth K. S'hietterlv. 1879; Erastus W. L-jawrence. 1881; Seth K. Shetterly, 1883-89; George W. Ruby, 1890; Seth K. Shetterly, 189S1-92. Williamii F. Nank, Herbert E. M~cClellan, 1893-94-: Louis H. Steadl, 1895-98; Tom Redd3ick, 1899-1902; Franik I. Schoonover, 1,903-05. Treasuirers-Abramiii Freehmnd, 1836; Eleazer Edgerton, 1838; Jamiiies A. hlickcs, 1839; C. MNecKisson, 1840; Ehias Scott, 1841; Amos B. Cooley, 1842; Ralph Wright, 1843; Walter Porter, 1844; Hilan Ober, 1845; George E. Adair, 1847; Hilan Ober, 1848; John B. St. John, 1849; Cranson Bdlden, 1850; C. L. Rice, 1851; A. HI. Welden, 1852: Elias Scott, 1853; George M. Davis, 1854; W. H. Lester, 1855; Eheazer Edgerton, 1856; Gilbert Rice, 1857; Phineas Andrus, 1858: John B. Wright, 1860; Charles S. Hutchins, 1861; Aug. H. Morrison, 1862; Francis Wright, 1864; William N. Soper, 1866-68; George Mf. Davis, 1870-711; George Upton, 1873; 644 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Louis Burr, 1875-76; Henry P. Mitchell, 1878; David V. Robinson, 1880-81; Martin Firman, 1882-3; James Messmnore, 1884-85; Godfried Miller, 1886-7; James Messmore, 1888; Godfried Miller, 1889-90; Julius Miller, 1891; Louis Stead, 1892-93; Alfred Schoonover, 1894-95; David V. Robinson 1896-97; Julius Fischer, 1898; Dean C. Wright, 1899-1900; George W. Abernathy, 1901-02; Howard Messmore, 1903; Henry Dopp, 1904-05. The schools of Sterling are included in seven districts. The school property estimated worth is $8,100.00. In 1905 there was reported as expended for teachers' wages, $2,499.00 and the preceding year a total school expense of $3,022.20. The schools are well conducted and equipped, and maintain nine and ten months' school annually. The following list of early land buyers, together with the biographical sketches found elsewhere in this work, will afford considerable information concerning the early and present prominent men of the town. The chief purchaser of Government lands in section 1 of this township, was Isaac L. Moe of New York city in August of 1835. In 1832-1834-35, three men came from Ontario County, New York, and took up lands in section two. These were Heil Phelps, Hirain Harris and Adonijah M. Beebe. In the latter year, too, Nun Moe, of lMt. Clemens Distillery fame, purchased in section two as did his brother, Isaac L. Moe. In this same year, too, came that sterling pioneer so long a resident of the Town Line road, Lockwood C. Russell from Massachusetts. The other early land buyers in this section were William B. Ferris, Jr., Emory M. Humphrey and Philander Powell. Section three attracted Eleazon Scott. Loring H. Bronson, Peter Moe, Henry B. Shetterly (Utica's earliest physician, father of Seth K. Shetterly), and George A. O'Keefe, one of Macomb county's earliest prosecuting attorneys. In section 4, we find William A. Davis, Loring I. Bronson, Elijah Bachelor, William Smith, Nathaniel C. Naramor and Alexander Warren, namnes familiar to TItica's old settlers, as are those who purchased early in sections 5 and 6. In 1830, Darius Clark of Oakland County, in 1831 Walter Wentworth of Monroe County, New York, and in 1832 Andrew Brown and Elanor Johnson each took up lands in section 5. They were followed in 1835 by John A. Wood, Stephen Beall, Sanmuel Fowler, William A. Davis and Gurdon C. Leech. In section six, we find Mark Wilcox, a purchaser as early as June 10th, 1826, to be followed in 1827 by John 13. St. John (for so many years supervisor in Sterling and the first comer of a family who have been so prominent in and about Utica during its entire history), and William Thonias from Livingston County, New York. In 1831, among the buyers, we find the names of Peter J. Desnoyer of Detroit, Ephraim Calkins of Livingston County, New York, and Christopher Sparks of M1onroe County, New York. Livingston and Ontario counties of New York furnished the bulk of the purchasers from the Government in section 7, James MeVicar and Williamn Thomas, coining from the former in 1827, and William and Elias Jackson from the latter in 1832. Humphrey Adams fronm Oakland County also bought in this section in 1831. In section 8 we find the names of John A. Wood of Rennselaer County, New York, Samuel Fisher, Samuel B. and Justin J. Merrill of Genesee County, New York, Abram Freelanc (later sheriff), John Summers, Burgess B. and Catharine Calkin, Ralph Runyan and Charles Summers. Section 9 was acquired by Samuel Fisher of Genesee County, New York, Payne K. Leech of Ontario County, New York, Timothy Lester of Windham County, Connecticut, and John M. Chipman of Oakland County, Amos W. and Seth Williams, and William Riley Chapel. In section 10, we find the names of Asa HIuntley, George A. O'Keefe, James Wallis, Philander S. Cowles and Andrew J. Whitney. The last named shares with George McDougall the honor of being the first purchasers of land in this township, as they each entered lands Nov. 12th, 1818. Monroe County, New York, furnished four of the land buyers in section 11, Orlien Gordan, Phillip Plass, Daniel Sinmmons and Emory M. Humphrey fronm that county having purchased in October, 1835. The others in this section are Sibbel B3ardwell, George Beckwith, Delsey Benjamin, George W. Ellison and Davis Schuyler. Section 12 was taken up in 1835 by John Lockwood of Oakland County, HIorace W. Kittredge of Macomb County, Owen Phillips of Chenango County, New York, in 1836 by Willard Woodward, Amonie Joslin of Macomb and Ralph Wright of Livingston County, New York (the father of Francis and John B. Wright), and in 1836 by George Beckwith. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 645 In section 13 appears the names of Jesse Soper of Monroe County, New York (1832), Chester Hurd, of Genesee County, New York, in 1834; Ray G. Waite of Yates County, New York; Eli Stone of Ontario County, New York; Henry Sprague of Oakland County, Henry larvey of Macomrb County and Owen Phillips. George McDougall took up on November 12th, 1818, a portion of section 14, but it was nearly five years later before any one followed his example. At that time, Carleton Crittenden of Ontario County, New York, and Taber Wilcox of Macomb County each purchased tracts in this section. Another ten years went by before Peter O. Ober of MIacolib County made two entries and at about the same time, Louis Drake made a purchase in this section. The following year, 1834, Eleazer Edgerton secured a portion of this section. The earliest purchase in section 15 was made October 29th, 1823, by Taber Wilcox, and it was not until 1832 that the next purchaser, Daniel Pitts of Genesee County, New York, made his entry. He was followed the next year by John Cooly of Seneca County, New York, and John Bowman of Macomb County. In 1834 John Lee of Macomb, and Amos M. Gates of Genesee County, New York, bought in this section as did Charles W. Chapel, and William II. Brockway, both of Macomb, during the year 1835. In 1834-5 section 17 was taken up by Ralph Bunyan, Jacob Summers, Jr., John Freeland, William Jackson, William Gibson and Gurdon C. Leech of Macomb County, and William Millard and John F. Fricke of Oakland County. In 1831 Eli Witt and John Gibson took up lands in section 18 to be followed three years later by Nathan Calkins, James Tubbs, John Gibson, and Philander Cotton. These were joined in 1836 by Benjamin Livermore, and Lydia Postal. Mr. Livermore also at the same time took up lands in section 19 where he had been preceded by Abram Smith of Steuben County, New York, Samuel Clark of Oakland County, William Jackson of this County, Israel Moore of Genesee County, New York, and Algernon L. Hollister of Oakland County. Later in this same section came Richard Nelson of New York city and Edward W. Peck of Oakland County, both in 1836. Peck and G. C. Leech also took up lands in section 20 as in 1835 did Patrick M. Flood, Richard Hotham and Oliver Sherman of Oak land County, and John Dods of New York city. The now familiar names of G. C. Leech, John James, Isaac L. Moe appear among the purchasers in section 21 as do the names of Slyvanus Bachelor and Asa Bachelor and Andrew D. Davidson, all of MIacomb. In 1832-5, lands were entered in section 22 by Oliver Crocker, Francis Marchant, Altha Rice, Cyrus Smith, Henry Creswicke, Amos W. Watkins, Johnson Green and G. C. Leech. Section 23 furnishes us several names familiar to all acquainted with Sterling since Henry J. Stead in December of 1831, Eleazer Edgerton in June of 1832, Harley Rice in June of 1832, John Rice in October of 1833 and Sylvanus Bachelor in July of 1832 each took up lands in this section. In section 24 we again find the name of George McDougall (without giving his formner address) who again entered lands in November of 1818. In 1823, Julius C. Underwood of Cattaraugus County, New York, and Andrew Cone of Ontario County, New York, made their entries. George F. Stead of this county was the only purchaser in 1831. In 1832, however, we find Orton Gibbs, Chester Cowles and Joseph Robertjean. The bulk of section 25 was taken up during the year 1833 by Allen W. Hurlbut, Henry MI. Griffin, Cordelo Curtis, Chauncey G. Cady, and Charles MicComber, although John Millar made an entry in June, 1831. George F. Stead was the earliest purchaser in section 26, having made his entry in December, 1833. lie was followed in 1834 by Thomas Stead and Jacob Tucker. The latter also purchased in 1835 as did Loring Bryant, Chauncey G. Cady, Gurdon C. Leech, Edward Smith, John H. White and Jeremiah Godfrey. Besides Gurdon C. Leech and John James in section 27, we find the names of James Covel, Jr., and Alexander Peterson. Those who made entries in section 28 were William and James Abernathy, Washington Standley, Albert G. Fuller and Mason J. Jones, all in 1835. In 1835, too, Silas W. Stowell of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Daniel Dunn and Walter Coujan of Saratoga County, New York, Septer Scott of this county and Thomas Emerson of Boston entered lands in section 29. Dunn & Coujan also appear among the purchasers in section 30. The balance of this section was taken up by Michigan men, viz., Hiram, Brittian and Benjamin F. Skinner, James Wood, Philetus Perry and Robert Frieburn, all of Oakland County; James 646 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Walton of this county and Alvak Ewers of Wayne County. In 1834, Franklin E. Barton, Jeremiah Wilson, Charles Sprague and Asher D. King each made purchases in section 31. Cooley, Brooks and Jones, who platted a large portion of Mt. Clemens, were also among the Government purchasers in this section, as were also Franklin Ames, 1835, and Hiram Walker in 1836. Ames & Leech also took up lands in section 32 where we also find the names of Josiah H. Alger, 1834, Jehiel Crigger in 1834; Charles Sprague in 1834; Silas W. Stowell and Ira Alger in 1835. The Algers and Leech also took lands in section 33. The other early purchasers being Chester Crooks, M1ary Spinnings and Edwin Stevens. In section 34 among the early purchasers, we find Joseph Stickney, of Addison County, Vermont; Asa Bachelor, Daniel Kearney, Oliver Sherman and Edwin Jerome. Section 35 brings forth the names of Lucy Little, 1831; Henry Sperry, Eddius II. Rood, Allen W. Hurlbut, David Stickney, Phoebe Rood, Jonathan Stickney, John Scott and Thomas Wellington. Charles McComber of Genesee County, New York, appears to have been the only early land buyer in section 36 who was not already a Michigan man, the others being Moses Robertjean anid Joseph Forton of Wayne County and Oliver Moore, John Harvey, Charles J. Forton and Cujiah Tingley of this county. Did time and space permit, many interesting stories could be told of the old settlers of Sterling, but lack of these and of better acquaintance on the part of the writer forbid. lHowever, at least a passing notice must be given to the quaint and genial character of IHumphrey Murphy, who for nineteen years represented the township on the Board of Supervisors. His genial face and unfailing wit, not to speak of his sound common sense and native shrewdness were sadly missed when the fickle changes of politics brought about his retirement. The population of Sterling according to the census returns, has been as follows: 1837........................ 523 1840........................ 677 1845................ 831 1850........................ 876 1854........................ 980 1860........................1082 1864........................1210 1870.......................1549 1874........................1711 1880........................2088 1884........................2040 1890........................2038 1894.......................1985 1900.......................1915 1904........................1877 The assessed valuation of the township as equalized by the Board of Supervisors has been as follows: 1842 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901...................$ 45,190.00.................. 445,877.00...................49,880.00.................. 249,602.00.................. 233,431.00.................. 259,899.00.................. 319,000.00.................. 340,000.00.................. 973,000.00.................. 890,000.00.................. 915,000.00.................. 890,000.00.................. 985,000.00 CHAPTER XVI. SHELBY TOWNSHIP. Portions of the History of this township are included in the chapters on Utica and the Clinton and Kalamazoo Canal. In common with the western tier of townships of our county, the original survey of Shelby was, in the winter of 1817-18, made by Joseph Wampler, of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, of whom very little is known. The surface of the township was found to be quite level on its eastern portion, elsewhere gently rolling and nowhere hilly. Undulating, grassy plains, with scarcely any timber, formed its central and southwestern portions, while a broad swell of land comprised the northwest. The eastern and extreme northern parts were heavily timbered, the remainder but little. The soil was fertile, varying from sandy to clay loam and clay. With such a variety to select from the settlers could easily find what they wanted, when after the survey, the lands were thrown open by proclamation of President for settlement. It is presumed that they naturally selected such as reminded them of their old homes. The Clinton River, entering the town at section 18 and flowing in a southeasterly direction, and leaving it at section 33, afforded an outlet to the many streams, brooks and rivulets which furnished an ample water supply to the settlers. This river, too, afforded canoe navigation, by which means some of the earlier settlers came into the town. The first American settlers of the township were Na PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 647 thaniel Squier, George Hanscom, Elias Wilcox, Joseph Miiller, Ezra Burgess, Elder Abel Warren, Peleg Ewell, Ira Preston, Joseph Lester, the Axfords, Owens and others. Thomas Squier was the first white inhabitant who died in the town of Shelby. He was a brother of Hiram Squier, by whom he was buried. Joelamy Squier, a half-sister of Thomas Squier, was the first white child born in the township, her birth occurring in July, 1817. She married James Muir at an early day, and was afterwards known as the Widow Muir, of Almont. We quote at length from an article on the history of Shelby prepared by George H. Cannon, on the order on which the lands in the township were taken up. "The first house erected in the township of Shelby was built by Nathaniel Burgess in the winter of 1816 -1817, on section 34. Amasa and Jedediah Messenger, as well as Nathaniel Squires, built houses on section 28 in 1817. Asa Patridge and Ira Andrus came in 1819, settling on section 34, and Benjamin and Robert Stead settled on the same section in 1820. One of the first English schools in Macomb County was taught by a Mr. Hadsel, in the winter of 1818-19, the school house being on the present site of Utica village. The first saw mill was built by Asa Price on the Clinton River, in 1828, and Adam Price, in the same year, put up a grist mill. An election for delegate to Congress was held the same year, July 9; Wing and Bidwell being the candidates, the latter successful in the canvass. We do not know by wholm, or when, our township received its name of Shelby, but believe it has never been changed since first adopted. Not so, however, with our principal village of UItica, which at first received the uncommon, if not euphonious name of " Macdougalville," changed to the easier pronounced "Harlow" and finally to the present Utica. We now come to the first buyer of land from the general government in our township, and Blake Curtis has the honor of being the first purchaser. The records show that on May 24, 1819, he secured the southwest quarter of section 7, a desirable selection, and one of the best quarter sections in the township. More than two years passed before another entry was made, as we find no sales recorded in 1820. On September 24, 1821, Ezra Burgess bought the southeast quarter and south half of northeast quarter of section 33, comprising 250 acres. This selection is now in part the site of Utica Village. November 20, 1821, James Hazard entered the west half of the northeast quarter of section 5; these two entries being the only land bought in our town in that year, and, singularly enough, were in opposite parts of the township. In 1822 the buyers were more numerous. Ezra Burgess, selecting the west half of northwest quarter, section 7, May 13. On June 8, George Hanscorn entered the west half of the northwest quarter, section 3. Joseph Miller, on June 12, bought the west half of northeast quarter, section 4, and on June 18 Nathan B. Miller entered the northwest quarter, section 4. Elias Stone on July 27 bought the east half of the southeast quarter of the same section, while John Stone on the same date entered the east half of the northeast quarter of section 5. October 3, Oliver Nye bought the east half of northwest quarter of section 3. James Loper entered the west half of the southwest quarter, section 6, October 14. Samuel Axford, on November 2, selected the southeast quarter of the same section, also the east half of the northwest quarter, section 7, and the west half of the northeast quarter. These nine individuals comprise all who made entries of land in our township during the year 1822. In 1823 but few entries were made. The tract book shows that Solomon Stone selected the southeast quarter, section 3, May 24, of that year. Joel Barber, June 28, entered the east half of southeast quarter, section 17. Samuel Axford, July 5, bought the east half of northeast quarter, section 7. Thus it appears that but three buyers of land, from the general government, were of record in 1823. The numbers were increased somewhat in 1824, but it seems that settlers came in slowly. February 28 Samuel Axford bought the east half of the southwest quarter of section 6. March 23, George IIanseom the east half of northeast quarter, section 4. William Woodbridge entered the northwest quarter, section 34, on April 26. May 17, Eliphas J. Ruland selected the southwest quarter, section 3, and on the same date Elias Wilcox the northeast quarter of the same section. Lemuel Williams, Jr., May 29, entered the east half of the southwest quarter, section 4. June 3 Elon Dudley bought the west half, southeast quarter of the same section. Edward Martin, June 8, selected the east half of the northeast quarter, section 6, and on the same date Betsey Ann Martin bought the west half of the northeast quarter of the same section. June 21 John Hersey entered the northwest quarter of section 6. William 648 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Arnold, on July 1, bought the southwest quarter, section 5, and on July 2, Abel Warren selected the west half of the southwest quarter, section 4, Russel Andrus buying on the same date the east half of the northwest quarter, section 8. July 4 Calvin Davis selected the west half of the northwest quarter of the same section. August 16 William Arnold entered the east half of the northwest quarter of section 5, and on the same date Peter Daniels bought the west half of southwest quarter, section 34. Thirteen persons had made their selections and bought their lands during that year. In the succeeding year, 1825, we have a list of land buyers up to August 4, at which date Abijah Owen entered the west half of the southwest quarter of section 8. In the order of entries previous to this date, we find that Jonathan Kearsley bought the east half of the southeast quarter of section 20 on February 23, and Anson A. Adams, on May 14, the northwest quarter, section 2. Elisha Nickols, May 27, selected the west half of the northeast quarter, section 8. July 1, John Gilbert entered the northwest quarter, section 19, and on July 6, Rufus Wells the east half of the southwest quarter, section 34. The foregoing list of the earliest land buyers in the township of Shelby, comprises the names of well remembered citizens, whose descendants, to a considerable extent, abide with us and occupy homes in the township, but in very few instances on the land bought by their forefathers from the general government. Those who bought land from the government, with but few exceptions, occupied it for homes, but Governor Woodbridge and Jonathan Kearsley, as well as some others, never settled here. From this time on, the remaining lands in the township were rapidly bought up and settled upon and measures were taken for a township organization. A legislative enactment of April 12, 1827, gave authority, and the first town meeting was ordered to be held at the house of Perez Swift, on section 21, the last Monday of the May following. This was a double log house, which probably accounts for the selection. The township of Sterling, adjoining on the south, was for many years associated with and a part of the township of Shelby. At the first town meeting held, a few of the familiar names of our early land buyers appear as among the chosen for town officers. Calvin Davis presided at the meeting, Abijah Owen as clerk, and Russel Andrus, William Arnold, Elias Wilcox, Elon Dudley and George Hanscom were selected to fill the various offices for that year. In the Legislative halls of the State we have been largely represented, as the following roster of seventeen names and dates of election will show: In the territorial Legislature we find the name of Jacob Summers, elected 1835. In the House of Representatives Isaac Monfort, in 1837; Ephraim Calkins, 1838; Orison Sheldon, 1838; G. C. Leech, 1841; Samuel Axford, 1842; Harleigh Carter, 1845-50; Payne K. Leech, 1846; Lamian B. Price, 1847; Oliver Adams, 1853; Philander Ewell, 1855 -1856; William Brownell, 1857-8; II. D. Runyan, 1871-72; Alexander Grant, 1881-2-3-4. In the State Senate, Samuel Axford, 1837; Jacob Summers, 1838-9-40; Ira H. Butterfield, 1861-62; Seymour Brownell, 1872; William W. Andrus, 1881-82. Constitutional convention, Wm. W. Andrus, 1867. We may also note that a number of United States deputy surveyors received their appointment, as residents of Shelby Township, to the important duty of executing the linear surveys in the public domain. We recall the names of Geo. E. Adair, Geo. II. Cannon, Levi II. Cannon, James S. Lawson and Walter Warner. These men have done much pioneer work in the land surveys of this state, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota, New Mexico and Nevada. The writer is reluctantly compelled to leave to the reader's memory any additional information concerning the early settlers of the township, except as more can be learned from the list of town officers and the sketch of the Disco Academy. The Supervisors of Shelby have been Joseph Lester, 1827; Samuel Axford, 1828-34; Ephraim Calkins, 1835-37 (County Commissioner, 1838-43); Oliver Adams, 1843-44; Payne K. Leech, 1845; Oliver Adams, 1846-47; Jacob Scrambling, 1848; Philander Ewell, 1849-56; Willard A. Wales, 1857-59; Philander Ewell, 1860; Payne K. Leech, 1861; Willard A. Wales, 1862; Chauncey W. Whitney, 1863-64; Philander Ewell, 1865; Willard A. Wales, 1866-67; Phillip Price, 1868; Willard A. Wales, 1869-70; Payne K. Leech, 1871-72; James S. Lawson, 1873; Albert L. Goff, 1874 -1884; Henry J. Switzer, 1885-1896; Fremont C. Haynes, 1897-99; Edwin Connor, 1900-05. The Clerks of the Township have been Abel Warren, 1827-28; John Chapman, 1829; Solomon Wales, 1830; William A. Davis, 1831 -1832-33; P. B. Thurston, 1834; D. M. Price, 1835-36; Orson Sheldon, 1837; Orville Morrison, 1838; James B. Carter, 1839; C. W. Chap PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 649 el, 1840; Harlehigh Carter, 1841-42; D. M. Price, 1843-44; Jacob Summers, 1845; Francis B. Chapel, 1846; Gurdon C. Deshore, 1847; Francis R. Chapel, 1848; Harlehigh Carter, 1849; W. W. Andrus, 1850; Phillip Price, 1851; Hlarlehigh Carter, 1852; Chauncey W. Whitney, 1853; Win. Brownell, 1854; Elon Chapin, 1855; P. -I. Knight, 1856; W. C. Weston, 1857-58; J. O. Smith, 1859; Alonzo M. Keeler, 1860; Marvin Satler, 1861; Josiah Kingsbury, 1862-63; Albert Goff, 1864; Isaac MIonfort, 1865; Phillip Price, 1866-67; James S. Lawson, 1868-70; August E. Bacon, 1871 -1873; M. C. Keller, 1874; Milton B. Salter, 1875; George T. Connor, 1876; William S. Andrews, 1877; Gurdon C. Leech, 1878-80; Frank W. Williams, 1881; W. H. Marvin, 1882; John I. Crissiman, 1883-84; George E. Bannister, 1885-91; Frank H. Fangboner, 1892; August R. Hahn, 1893-95; John Switzer, 1896-1903; Herbert E. McClellan, 1904 -1905. The Treasurers of the Township have been Elias 'Wilcox, 1827-28; Nun Moe, 1829; Josiah Lockwood, 1830; Nathaniel Squires, 1831; Joseph Lester, 1832; A. D. Yemmons, 1833; Josiah T. Robinson, 1834; George E. Adair, 1835; Albert G. Fuller, 1836; Jesse B. Gridley, 1837; Josiah Price, 1838-42; Layman B. Price, 1843-45; Jacob Summers, 1846; George Price, 1847; James B. St. John, 1848; Walter Porter, 1849; George W. Summers, 1850; George St. John, 1851; James Cheney, 1852; William Brownell, 1853; John G. Marsh, 1854; P. H. Knight, 1855; Jervis Winans, 1856; George King, 1857; Isaac C. Cross, 1858; Stephen S. Merrill, 1859; Orin Goff, 1860; Haswell H. Church, 1861-62; Ephraim Parnienter, 1863; Cyrus C. Ladd, 1864; John W. Master, 1865; Samuel Ladd, 1866; Alson Haines, 1867; William Rowley, 1868-69; David B. Andrews, 1870; Milo Bacon, 1871; Gurdon C. Leech, 1872-73; Ralph Wilcox, 1874; Reuben T. St. John, 1875-76; George T. Connor, 1877; Reuben T. St. John, 1878-79; William W. Andrus, 1880; Martin C. Keeler, 1881; Henry J. Switzer, 1882-83; Walter S. Wise, 1884; William S. Walker, 1885-86; Reuben T. St. John, 1887-88; John I. Crissmnan, 1889-90; William E. Haines, 1891-92; Calvin P. Runyan, 1893-94; Fremont C. Haines, 1895-96; John I. Crissman, 1897 -1898; William T. Reick, 1899; Abram Van Fleet, 1900-01; James C. Ritter, 1902-03; James HI. Hodges, 1904-05. The population of the township of Shelby as appears by the census returns has been: 1837...................... 1,153 1840...................... 1,262 1845...................... 1,290 1850...................... 1,482 1854...................... 1,473 1860...................... 1,675 1864...................... 1,498 1870...................... 1,695 1874...................... 1,581 1880...................... 1,657 1884...................... 1,563 1890...................... 1,653 1894...................... 1,668 1900...................... 1,726 1904...................... 1.666 The assessed valuation as equalized by the Board of Supervisors has been for the township of Shelby as follows: 1842 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1880 1886 1891 1896 1901 72,553.00 75,264.00 87,643.00 541,880.00 450,807.00 469,230.00 476,815.00 470,000.00 1,014,000.00 925,000.00 940,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,300,000.00 THE PRESTON FAMILY. Among the most numerous and prominent families of the township have been the Preston and Goff families, representatives of which were united in the marriage of Ira Preston and Deborah Goff who, in 1826, settled in this township. The descendants of this couple are now widely scattered, one being in Honolulu and another in Cuba, yet for several years past, the family have held reunions, usually in the township of Shelby, which have been largely attended. The following sketch has been furnished the writer by Mrs. Flora A. High, a member of the family. "The name of Preston is one of great antiquity, and was known in North Britain eight hundred years ago. Seventeen towns in England bear that name, and history records that one Sir William Preston, was called upon to help settle the dispute between Robert Bruce and John Baliol over the throne of Scotland. From him the descent is traced to another William Preston, who, with his wife and six children, came 650 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY over on the good ship Truelove in 1635, and settled in New Haven, Connecticut. "Ira, great-great-great-grandson of William and Mary Preston, was born at Wallingford, Connecticut, March 9th, 1875. He was a clocknaker by trade. When about twentyfive years of age, he decided to go west in search of fortune. Arriving at Avon, Ontario County, New York (now Rush, Monroe County), he met Miss Deborah Goff, youngest daughter of Charles Goff (who had been a soldier in the Revolutionary War). They were afterward married and after residing at Rush about ten years, he decided to go still farther west, so came to the 'swamps of Michigan' to see if he could find a spot he liked for a home. IIe bought from the government 320 acres lying along the banks of the Middle Branch of the Clinton River in the township of Shelby, then returned for his family and in 1826, by way of the Erie canal to Buffalo, then by steamer, Henry Clay, on the lakes, he reached Detroit. They put up at The Yankee Boarding H-ouse in the outskirts of the city. The spot is now occupied by the Franklin House. Mr. Preston wtas accompanied by five young men, and while he went out to purchase oxen, they went into the forest and cut timber to put together the running gear for a cart. They had brought mill irons with them, and it took several trips to get the family, their few household effects, provisions, etc., over the terrible roads to their new location. Here they built a rude log hut with a shake roof, a puncheon floor, and a blanket for a door, and in this simple home, often visited by wild beasts and Indians, they dwelt while the Preston mill was built, the first mill in the county to saw lumber. "They prospered, and with their four sons, George W., Riley S., Ira Suman and Judge S., and their three daughters, Emily, Manerva and Eliza, they soon made the wilderness to blossom as the rose. "As these children grew to manhood and womanhood and married, they settled near the old home (no longer a log hut, but a large and convenient frame house), and so in time the place came to be called Prestonville. These seven children are all now resting in the silent city of the dead, but their descendants revere their memory, and each year they gather at the home of one of their number for a day and a dinner together. The first reunion of this kind was held at the home of Mrs. Metta Wilcox in Shelby town ship. Eighteen such meetings have been held. Eight years ago, through the efforts of E. R. Wilcox, the family history was published in book form. The Preston coat of arms consists of a shield surmounted by a castle from which a falcon is flying. It is said to indicate the capture of the enemy's stronghold by the original bearer of the arms, and that the family will always battle for the right. This pioneer family has established a fine character, and has left its stamp, on the history of the county." THE DISCO ACADEMY. One of the most widely known and unique institutions connected with the history of Shelby, was the Disco Academy. Encouraged by the success of the Romeo Academy and fired by a desire that their children should enjoy better educational advantages, the people about the locality where now Disco stands, took steps to found an institution of higher education which it was hoped would not only provide for the neighborhood, but would attract the more ambitious pupils from all the surrounding countryan institution which since its history has been completed, is entitled here to more than a passing notice. Franklin P. Monfort, whose childhood was spent in its neighborhood, formerly Prosecuting Attorney of the county, and now engaged in the practice of his profession in Detroit, has kindly furnished the writer a sketch of the acadeny, together with a description of the school that preceded it, and an account of its passing. "Along in the early thirties and later from the Eastern States, niostly from New York, came into MIaeomb County in the vicinity of where the village of Disco now is, at the intersection of sections 9, 10, 15 and 16, of Shelby, a flood of sturdy, energetic men who set about to clear up the wilderness, erect log buildings and to put upon the country an appearance of civilization. Soon here and there frame dwellings and barns appeared in the midst of gardens and orchards surrounded by growing fields of grain, meadows, and pastures dotted with flocks and herds, the result of the industry of willing hands of those who never had occasion to lock a door, but always made welcome the stranger who happened that way. Among these should be named, Calvin Davis, Jeremiah Curtis, George Hanscom, Abel Warren, John Cannon, Hiram Andrews, Elon Truman and Loren Andrus, Abram and Elijah Wilson, Ira S. Pearsall, Judge Preston, John Garvin, Orin Goff, James and Rival T. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 65I Payne, Elam Chapin, Peleg Ewell, Peter D. Lerich, Charles Gurdon and Payne K. Leech, Elijah Iarris, Alvah Arnold, James S. Lawson, Allen Pearsall, Ira S. Blumburg, Job Trowbridge, Charles C. Lamb, Louis D. Owen, Robert Welts, Cyrenns Lockwood, Gillmnan Graves. Cyrenus Arnold, John Keeler, Harvey Fellows, John K., David and Horace Merrifield, Isaac Monfort (Monfore), Layman, B., Asa, David 5IM., Phillip, Adam. George and Joshua Price, James Covel, Alpheus and Calvin Pierce, Alson laines, George and Edwin Adair, John, Thomais, Amander and Frank Ruby, Amos Wales, Benjamin and Dr.. A.A Knight, Ilenry and Dr. Joseph Chapman, Samuel Axford, Samuel Gibbs, James Gorden, Jesse Gillett, Mliles G. Bixby, Abram Mack, Capt. John Cheney. Chauncey and Willard Church, Marion Darling, Ezra Thorp, Anson Crawford, William Voorhies, James Parish, Charles and Frank Chapel, Tom McEntee, Joseph Remington. Joseph P. Rose, Williaml and Layman Payne, John Stringham, Nathaniel Naramor, I I IT. Butterfield, James Stephens, John E. Ames, Joel W. Manley, David Connor, Benjamin and Ira Jersey, Reuben Wilkerson, Zeb, Steve and Charles Burgess, James Bentley, Marvin Hutton, Robert R. Ilarper, Edward Petit, Joel and Horace Cartwright, Joseph F. Hewett, Alonzo Keeler, Dr. Win. Brownell, and others. "Among the first buildings erected was a large log tamarack school house, used not only for schools, but as well for lectures and meetings of all kinds, located by the roadside on the northwest corner of the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 22; furnished with an open fire place and with long slab seats without backs, through the center, and other similar ones in front of sloping board tables fastened to the inside of the log walls for writing desks. The building had one quite largoe door, which swung on wooden hinges and fastened with a wooden latch that you could raise from the outside by pulling a latch string. It was well lighted by 7 x 9 glass windows placed horizontally along and just above the tables, and by a chandelier of tallow-dips in the center near and below the ceiling, and others along the windows for night students. A blackboard was an innovation. The schoolmaster was required to make and mend goose quill pens, and also to manufacture ink by boiling soft maple and butternut bark to a strong liquid into which, when strained off, copperas was put to set its black color. He boarded around from house to house and collected his pay from a rate-bill made up and based upon daily attendance. He must needs be a 'hustler,' and was required to teach Webster's elementary spelling book (having a wooden cover and red or black cloth back with Esop's Fables in it), the old English reader, Daibold's Arithmetic, Kirkam 's (ramlnar, and all kinds of geography of the earth, and Ileaven only knows what else. All of the parties named above were not patrons of this school, but must be numbered as of that 'Old crowd' who along about 1849, perhaps because of the mental and moral improvement generated in that old 'Intelligence Brooder'-the aforesaid tamarack log school house -with the visions before them of California twenty dollar gold pieces coming their way as thick and fast as snow balls around the old school house at recess time, having pride in the mental development of their young people, and conceiving the idea of providing better and more commodious quarters for a school where the pupils might be prepared to teach or to enter the Michigan University, called a meeting where a committee was appointed. This committee circulated subscriptions and thus raised funds to build 'the Macomb County High School,' a build-.ing erected on the northeast corner of section 16, near the north end of the Utica Plains. Some contributed material, some labor, and some money, and all contributions were promptly forthcoming under the charge of Alonzo M. Keeler, now living at Richmond, then a young man just out of Oberlin College, who worked like a 'm ajor' as he now is in fact, having earned that title under President Lincoln, at a time when Southern chivalry caused Democrats to support a Republican administration in holding together our Union of States. "The organization employed Mr. Keeler to build the school house and engaged him to conduct its school for five years, and the school district likewise engaged him to teach its pupils therein. Messrs. Mronfore, Church and Noyes donated to Mr. Keeler, ten acres from their farms which cornered at the site of the academy, which he might plat, reserving, however, one acre as the academy site. The two-story building erected was soon filled with the district and foreign scholars from far and near, and continued during Major Keeler's superintendency and long after to fulfill the expectations of its promoters as an institution of learning. About this time, its name was changed to 'Disco Academy,' derived from the Latin word Disco, signifying to learn, under which name 652 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY it was incorporated in the year 1855. John Keeler, Jeremiah Curtis, Philander Ewell, Calvin Pierce, Edward Petit, Ira S. Pearsall, Chauncey Church, Alonzo M. Keeler and Robert R. Harper were its Trustees and Isaac Monfore its Secretary. They awarded stock to its promoters and their assignees, and filed its articles of association with the Secretary of State; the building and site thereof being conveyed to the Trustees, naming them grantees in the deed. Mr. Keeler was allowed the use of the property free of rent and he in turn made the rent free to the District, which paid him a salary that, together with the tuition paid by outside pupils, constituted his compensation for the services of himself and his assistant teachers. "Disco soon had its postoffice, its stores, its dwellings, boarding houses, shops and quite a commodious hotel-the Halfway House for the four-horse Concord Coach Line, carrying the IU. S. mail and many passengers and much express from Royal Oak, its nearest railroad depot to Almont, 36 miles to the north. There was life in every passing moment, and when the Board of Supervisors talked of moving Macomb County's seat to a point more central than Mt. Clemens, an evening meeting was held at the Academy, and $15,000.00 and a site for the county building were pledged as a donation provided Disco was designated as Macomb County's seat. Mt. Clemens, however, was too shrewd and too much alive to allow the resolution to submit such a proposition to the vote of the people to be carried. "Succeeding Mr. Keeler the school was taught by Prof. S. A. Taft, James Lawson, Tyler Cross, Isaac Monfore, Mrs. Robert R. Harper, Miss Mary F. Monfort and Mellicent Connor under similar arrangements until September 25th, 1865. At this time an effort was made to secure the transfer of the property of the Academy to the school district to be used for a graded or a union school. This effort failing, the Trustees allowed the district to use the lower room of the building, the District keeping the premises in repair, and permitted the upper room to be used as a chapel and public hall, until about December, 1890, when a controversy arose as to the ownership of the property. The Disco Literary Society had been organized and acquired title to the property by deeds from Philander Ewell, Alonzo M. Keeler, and Ira S. Pearsall, the then only surviving trustees. The school district also claimed title by reason of its long possession, and brought a suit which was finally determined in favor of the Society. On January 14th, 1903, the Society conveyed the property to the District for the nominal sum of.$400.00 and the District thus became the owner of its first school house site and property. Having had free (practically) use of the school house for 53 years, the District can well afford to pay for the new building which is now being erected thereon. "It may not be amiss to state in this reminiscence that Isaac Monfore was one of Michigan's earliest teachers, a member of Michigan's first Legislature in Gov. Stephen T. Mason's time, an advocate of the internal improvements then planned, as were Charley Chapel-who constructed the Clinton and Kalamazoo Canal from Mt. Clemens to Rochester, and who after its failure acquired the title of the canal from the State and converted it into a water power for its mills at Utica-and Gurdon C. Leech, the builder of the horse railroad from Utica to Detroit, along the line where now runs the Michigan Central. These men, too, were all advocates of the extension of the United States westward to the Pacific. The energy and unselfishness of men of this stamp promoted the Disco Academy. It has served its purpose and doubtless now is still wafting its silent beneficial influence in many a community throughout our fairest of lands." Returning from the memory of this institution of learning to the modern schools of Shelby, we find them cared for in the seven districts with school property estimated worth $4,700.00 exclusive of the Utica District, which is estimated worth $8,000.00. During the year of 1904 $5,507 were expended for educational purposes. The Directors of the several school districts are as follows: Dr. G. W. Roberson, Frank Jean, Pliny P. Andrews, Frank Yates, John W. Switzer, E. G. Keck and Eugene Smith. CHAPTER XVII. MACOMB TOWNSHIP. On the 7th day of March, 1834, the Township of Macomb was organized by an act of the territorial legislature of that date. As first organized, it was composed of what is now both the townships of Chesterfield and Macomb. The first election was authorized to be held at the house of Daniel Shattuck, in what is now Chesterfield. Flavius Greenleaf appears to have been the first Supervisor elected. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 653 It was not until 1842 that this double township was divided, and the present town of MIacomb became territorially independent. It has occurred to me, that a glance at the different locations of land, made'up to the organization of the township, might be properly within the line of pioneer reminiscence. The records at hand showing the order in which the lands in the town were first taken up, though they may not point out what lands were first occupied by the pioneers of this town, will serve to aid us, in recalling who they were, and in noting them, we may lay the basis for such enquiry and research, as will enable someone to map out the actual settlers, on the date of the town's organization, which may be taken as an epoch in the history of the Township. Within the lines of the present Town of Macomb, who had up to the 7th of March, 1834, invested in its forests, certainly may be an interesting question on this occasion. Who selected the first lands? And from whence did they come? And where did they choose? As we consider these queries, there will naturally arise that other one, why did they select as they did? The first entry of land made in the town, was by G. B. and D. G. Ginochio, of Detroit, of the east half of the northeast quarter of section 35, on the 12th day of August, 1820. On the 26th day of June, 1821, Alfred Ashley, of Mt. Clemens, purchased of the Government, the east half of the southwest quarter of the same section. This is apparently the mill site of what was long known as the Haskins mill, and the selection is evidence of the shrewd foresight of Mr. Ashley. The third parcel of land sold by the Government was the east half of the southwest quarter of section 25, to David B. Ford on the 22nd day of May, 1822. On the 9th of August, 1822, Belden Slosson of Erie County, N. Y., took up the northwest quarter and the west half of the southwest quarter of section 25, two hundred and forty acres, and also the south half and the northeast quarter of section 36. He appears to have been a speculator, as I have been unable to find any evidence of his having settled on these lands. After this entry nearly three years passed before another was sufficiently courageous to invest in the town. But in January, 1825, Tabor Wilcox, hailing from within the county, entered the E. 1/2 of the S. E. 1/ of section 24,-the eighty now owned by Alfred Stew art, and long known as the Dave Osgood farm. On the 16th of May, 1825, William Wilcox of Jefferson Co., N. Y., took up the N. E. 14 of section 25, being the lands next south of those taken in January by Tabor Wilcox. Probably they were brothers. Four days afterwards, Aaron Conklin and Charles Crittenden, together took up the S. E. 1/4 of section 25,-all that remained of Government lands in that section. The southeast corner of the town, seems to have first attracted the land purchaser, whether speculator, or settler:-probably because of its proximity to the then thriving village of Mt. Clemens. The next entry indicates a bolder spirit. It was in the northeast corner of the town on section 1, and was made by Zephaniah Campbell of Montgomery Co., N. Y., on the 6th of June, 1825. Marquis Nye, who registered as a resident of the county of MIacomb (and was, I think, of the town of Washington), on the 25th of September, 1826, saw, or thought he did, the beauties of the farm now owned by Perry M. Bentley, and took up the E. %12 of the ~N. W. 14, and the W. 12 of the N. E. 14 of section 6. Nearly a year afterward, on the 26th of July, 1827, Daniel Kniffen took up the E. 1/2 of the S. E. 14 of section 6. After this nearly two years elapsed before the Town catches the eye of a purchaser, as it was not till the 27th day of June, 1829, that the next entry was made by Denison R. Rose of Wayne Co. of the E. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/4 of section 1, the lot on which the Meade P. 0. is situated. John and David Crawford, of Yates Co., N. Y., on the 24th day of May, 1830, located the N. E. 14 of section 1, and commenced the history of "Crawford's Settlement." On the 13th day of November of the same year, Lester Giddings located the W. 1/2 of the S. W. 14 of section 5. On the 10th of May, 1831, Daniel Miller entered the E. /2 of the N. W. 14 of section 8, and seven days afterwards, Samuel G. Richards of Genesee Co., N. Y., purchased the 80 next south, the E. 1/2 of the S. W. 1/4 of section 8, lands now held by Stephen Whitney. On the 8th of the next month of June, 1831, Samuel P. Hooker, of Washington Co., N. Y., made probably the largest individual purchase in the town, so far as quantity is concerned. He located 800 acres, taking the 654 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY W. 1/2 of the S. E. 14 of section 8, the E. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/4 and 'W. 1/2 of the N. E. 1/4 and the whole of the S. E. 1/ of section 17; the east half of E. 1/2 of section 20; the E. 1/2 of N. W. 1/4 of section 33 and the W. 1/2 of W. 1/2 of section 21. Evidently he sought to occupy or hold as much of the banks of the Middle Branch as he could. With his purchases, he enclosed this stream for two and a half miles, in a north and south line. Who can account for his apparently strange selection? Was it because only the banks of the streams were dry land? What other reason can be suggested, for this rather strange selection? Certainly this stream was not a substitute for a highway. On the 27th of the same month, June, 1831, Calvin Davis entered the W. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/4 of section 8, and the E. 1/2 of the S. W. 14 of section 5, and Daniel Miller entered the W. 1/2 of the N. E. 1/ of section 8. With the next entry, we read the name of one of whom many odd anecdotes are told, of his eccentricities, wit and quaint humor. It was of the W. 1/2 of the S. E. 1/ of section 24, on the 8th of Sept., 1831, and by Uncle "Kale Chappel" as he was long known. On the 17th of October, 1831, Ira H. Chapman of Tioga Co., N. Y., took up the W. 1/2 of the N. E. 14 of section 12. And on the 19th Elizur Webster, Jr., of Genessee Co., N. Y., and Alphous W. Fargo, of the same county, took up, respectively in the order named, the S. W. 1/ and the N. W. 14 of section 28. In February, 1832, Calvin Davis entered as an extension of his landed possessions, the W. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/ of section 5. It is recorded that on the 24th day of October,.832, Elihu Rice, of Macomb Co., took up the S. E. 1/ of the S. E. 14 of section 34. And in November, of the same year, the S. E. 1/4 of the S. E. 1/ of section 11, the lands long occupied by Reuben Warner, were taken up by Peter Robinson, and the forty, next east, the S. W. 14 of the S. W. 14 of section 12, by David H. Robinson, both credited to Macomb County and probably some way related. In 1833, on the 7th of May, John Crawford extended his purchase to the N. E. 1 of the N. E. 14 of section 12. And George Stroup, on the next day, entered the E. 12 of the N. E. 1/ of section 14. On the 30th of the same month, Samuel P. Hooker found another piece of the bank of the Middle Branch, in the E. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/4 of section 33, and bought it. On the 6th day of June, 1833, David Duncan, of Genessee Co., N. Y., invested in the N. E. 1/4 of section 7, and commenced his successful demonstration that energy, industry and perseverance are sure to win. Julius Keyes, registering from Macomb Co., entered the E. 1/2 of the N. E. 1/4 of section 2, the 1st of July, 1833. And in Sept. and October, David MeVean, of Livingston Co., N. Y., took up 120 acres in the S. W. 1/4 of section 33. He, like Mr. Hooker, for some reason, fancied the banks of the Middle Branch. In the same month, Laucius Haskins, probably to perfect his mill site, and avoid, as he did to a great extent, the opportunity for litigation, took up the S. W. 1/4 of the S. W. 1/4 of section 35; and Charles F. Witt demonstrated his wit by paying government price for the sand hills on the E. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/4 and the W. 1/~ of the N. E. 1/1 section numbered 24. And Brooks Howard, of Alleghany Co., N. Y., displayed similar judgment in taking the E. 1/ of the S. E. 1/ of section 12, on the 9th of November. Charles Tucker, from "down the River" as we say, gobbled up the W. 1/2 of the N. W. 1/4 of section 13, on the 10th of December. So far as we can learn from the records at hand, these are the only lands sold prior to the first organization of the township. A map of the lands sold would be a little odd. It would show that quite an amount of lands at the southeast corner of the town, on sections 35 and 36, 24 and 25, had been entered, together with a few scattering lots on the easterly side, and the most of section 1. That only one section, 25, had been wholly taken. Beyond this the purchasers had selected along the Middle Branch, and near there, from the south line, on section 33, northerly, to the northwest corner of the Town. Most all of section 6 had been taken up. A glance at the records of entries, shows that the sales of lands in the Township were rapid, immediately after the organization. Municipal government, and "Home Rule," were as attractive in those days as in these, it seems. In 1834, many purchases were made, and many settlements started, that have lived by name ever since. Their beginning and history would form the subject of a long and most interesting paper, and it would be unjust, in the time allotted me, to attempt even a mention of them. And we therefore leave it to be the basis of some future article. In 1835, the purchases of the public lands PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY were still rapid, and almost all the lands in the township were entered before the close of 1836. I noticed one entry, in section 19, as late as October, 1851, the S. W. 1/4 of the N. E. 1/ taken up by Francis T. Allen. How this forty came to remain so long unappropriated is somewhat strange, and how Mr. Allen discovered the omission, and who he was, are queries well worth following out. New York furnished by far the largest share of the early investors, as well as the largest number of actual pioneers. There were, however, representatives from Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Ohio, Virginia and even North Carolina. James Brown, of Bertie County, N. C., in July, 1835, took up 840 acres of what are now very productive lands, on sections 33, 34, 27 and 28. From 1820 to 1834, fourteen years, only about 5,000 of the over 23,000 acres in the township, had passed to private ownership. The remaining 18,000 acres were taken up in the three years following the organization of the Town, with the exception I have mentioned, of what I may call the lost forty, on section 19. Fifty-four years have passed since that date. Few remain, of those living here then, and as their descendants gather together and attempt to put on paper a little of their history, how naturally and how clearly we see cause to regret that a systematic record of their trials and labors had not been earlier started and carefully preserved. "In the growth of the Town; in its municipal history, and in the peaceful habits and prosperity of their successors, we trace clearly the influence of the sterling and worthy character of the earlier pioneer of Macomb." The foregoing concerning the settlement of the township of Macomb is quoted from an article prepared by the late James B. Eldredge to be read before a pioneer meeting some fifteen years ago, and where reference is made to present ownership, it must be understood to refer to about 1890. One of the earliest improvements within the limits of the township, aside from dwellings, was the saw mill, which was erected by Thomas Ashley on the North Branch about on the site of the mill afterwards called Haskin's mill and later Denewith's mill. This was built in 1821 and was run during the following winter by Horace Cady, who had taken up lands in the immediate neighborhood. In the summer of 1822, an addition was made sufficient to accommodate a run of stone for a grist mill. In 1826, Mr. Haskins bought the mills, and he with his son took up lands in the immediate neighborhood. The coming of the Halls and Crittendens in the early thirties, and the purchases by William McDonald, a saddler who had come from New Jersey, and lived in Mt. Clemens for a few years, filled up the southeast section of the township. Two brothers and five sisters of the Hall family settled in the county, and most of them in the township of Macomb. They were Isaac Hall, who purchased land at the northeast corner of section 15, in the northwest corner of section 14, where his son Frank now lives, and his son Isaac lived until his death a few years ago; John Hall, who purchased a large portion of section 36, including the farms now owned by Columbus Hall, Harry Hall, the Skillman Estate, John and Conrad Lemp; Catherine Crittenden and Susan Conklin, whose husbands, Charles Crittenden and Aaron Conklin, took up the southeast quarter of section 25; Sally Gamber, whose husband, Benjamin Gamber, lived next north of the Conklin place, and Hannah Stroup and Lydia Cole. The Crittenden family, aside from Charles, were located mostly in Chesterfield. The Stroup settlement in the north central portion of the township had for its old settlers, George Stroup, H. H. Wade, John Garvin, Reuben Warner, John and Samuel Whitney, Elias M. Beach and James Perkins. The Davis settlement in the northwestern portion of the township had for its early pioneers, Calvin Davis, Chauncey Church, Daniel Kniffen, Lester Giddings, and Daniel Miller. To accommodate these and the others who settled in the neighborhood, a post office was established as early as 1830, which together with the community, was called Macomb. E. S. Axtell was postmaster here for a number of years and a general store was long maintained there, the present proprietor being William L. Schoof. Here a Methodist Episcopal church was long ago established, and has ever since been maintained. Among the many other names associated with Macomb, are Longstaff, Millers, Norton and Preston. The passing of the plank road ailf stage coach much lessened the importance of this community. Macomb Township contains an amusing evidence of the wild spirit of enterprise that possessed the state in the thirties, in the city of Frankfort, which was platted in sections 30 and 31, April 25th, 1837. Its four hundred lots were platted along broad streets 656 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY about a center marked "extensive salt spring." These were undoubtedly the cause for the existence of Frankfort, and produced more wild visions than they did of salt. The farmer who now plows over the site of Frankfort undoubtedly has little idea of the hopes and disappointments connected with that spot. At a comparatively early day, a general influx of German settlers were attracted by the rich soil of Macomb, and today a large portion of the best lands of the township, particularly in the southwestern portion, are occupied by those who claim German blood. Waldenburg is the name given to a settlement at the corners of sections 28, 29, 32 and 33, at which point a saw mill has for a long time been maintained. A general store, church and school, wagon shop and other places of business are found here. A little north of Waldenburg proper is located the Waldenburg Skimming Station run in connection with the Chesterfield Creamery, which furnishes the market for the milk of the prosperous farmers in the neighborhood. Meade is a post office situated in the northeastern corner of the township, and around the store and other business places has grown up a little community of about two hundred people. A general store there was established the writer believes by Myron White in 1848 at a time when the locality was known as Vienna. It has since been run by Collins, the Begrows and Lefurgey. Another name intimately associated with Meade is the family of Jones, three brothers of whom are located near Meade and married three sisters from the Hart family. The first school in the township was in the Davis settlement and the second in the Crawford settlement. This latter was almost on the town line of Ray and was built in 1839. Among its earliest teachers were Mary E. Garvin, Sarah O. Garvin, Thurston and Mason Cole. For school purposes, Macomb is now divided into ten districts and has school property of the estimated value of $9,500.00. In 1904-05 $2,735.00 was paid on teachers' wages in this township, there being nine months' school in most of the districts. The Supervisors of the township have been: Flaver Greenleaf, 1834; Calvin Davis, 1835-37 (County Commissioners 1838-43); Joel W. Manley, 1843-44; Stewart Taylor, 1845-6; William McDonald, 1847-8; Stewart Taylor, 1849; Calvin Davis, 1850; Hiram M. Jenny, 1851-3; Perry M. Bentley, 1854; Hiram M. Jenney, 1855; Samuel Whitney, 1856; Orange Foot, 1857; Samuel Whitney, 1858; Horace H. Cady, 1859-72; Jacob Stroup, 1873-77; Alfred Stewart, 1878; Jacob Stroup, 1879-81; John C. Bolte, 1882-3; Carl Juengel, 1884-1900; Henry Bannow, 1900-1905. The Clerks of the township have been: James Meldrum, 1834; Daniel Shattuck, 1835; Charles F. Witt, 1838; Daniel Shattuck, 1839; Samuel P. Canfield, 1841; David Stroup, 1842; H. R. Wilder, 1849; C. P. Crittenden, 1853; Damon B. 'Weston, 1854-5; John H. C. Garvin, 1856; William Gamber, 1857; Jacob Stroup, 1858-60; Cyrus B. Rice, 1861; Jacob Stroup, 1862-64; H. A. Haskin, 1865; Elisha L. Atkins, 1866-68; John Bolte, 1869; Jacob Stroup, 1870-72; Gordon H. Wade, 1873-74; Elisha L. Atkins, 1875; Gordon H. Wade, 1876-97; William Miller, 1898 -1900; John D. Peters, 1901-1902; William Dopp, 1903-05. The Treasurers of the township have been: Laucius Haskin, 1834; Daniel M\iller and Charles Van Horn (between 1834 and 1854); John Bacon, 1854; Benjamin Gamber, 1855; Dan Giddings, 1856-7; John Jackson, 1858 -1859; H. H. Wade, 1860-61; William Norton, 1862-63; Charles Briggs, 1864; Fred Jasmund, 1866-8; John Klokow, 1869; August C. Posner, 1870-77; Carl Juengel, 1878-79; Fred Jasmund, 1880-81; Carl Juengel, 1882 -1883; Chas. TI. Berger, 1884-85; John Schock, 1886-7; Henry Kuechenmeister, 1888-89; John Schock, 1890-91; Louis Stier, 1892-93; John Schwark, 1894-95; John Nicol, 1896-97; John Kruth, 1898-99; Louis Stier, 1900-01; Carl F. M\iller, 1902-03; Christ Dopp, 1904 -1905. The population of the township as per census returns has been as follows: 1837..... 736 1840...... 952 1845....... 646 1850..... 757 1854.......1044 1860.......1358 1864...... 1413 1870.......1805 1874.......1793 1880.......2045 1884.......1954 1890.......1721 1894......1639 1900.......1677 1904.......1609 The assessed valuation of the property the township as equalized by the Board Supervisors has been as follows: 1842..................$ 49,899.00 1846.................. 43,709.00 1851.................. 53,987.00 1856.................. 279,464.00 1861.................. 241,640.00 1866.................. 281,900.00 of of PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 657 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901 348,650.00 355,000.00 953,000.00 800,000.00 820,000.00 860,000.00 980,000.00 CHAPTER XVIII. CIESTERFIELD TOWNSHIP AND NEW BALTIMORE. The township of Chesterfield was separated fro.m IMacomb in 1842, and the first election directed to be held at the school house near the residence of Charles B. Matthews. This township, although one of the last to be organized as a separate township, was settled among the earliest. Pierre Yax was on private claim 343 earlier than 1796, as were the tenants of Meldrum & Parke on the private claims awarded to them, and there were also tenants of Meldrum & Parke at the salt springs in section 11. The earliest purchase from the Government aside from the private claims was made by Fabian Robertje an of the west half of the southeast quarter of section 11, which was made August 28th, 1820. James C. Edgerly made the second entry in 1822 of lands in section 30, now owned by Brandenburg. This was the first improvement away from the lake shore. He was the first English speaking settler in the township. Fabian Jean was born on the Clinton River in 1820. Some of his descend(ants are still residents of the county. iAmong the others who purchased lands from the (Government prior to 1830 were Robert and Moses Robertjean in section 13, Dennis Flurton, Robert Robertjean, Jermnan Burgess in section 14, Antoine, Charles and Abraham Rivard in section 22, Dolly Lewis, William T. Little in section 23; Michael Rivard in section 27. As in the other towns during the early 30's the bulk of the land was purchased from the Government. Among those who came during this period were Chauncey Ierrilman, William Phelps, Robert Kirkum, Allen II. Kirkuln, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fullerton, Peatheanea Kirkum, Josiah Richardson, Peter Hart, Silas Leonard, Samuel Farr, James Hart, Ann Crawford, Robert Crawford, John Harris, Allen Farr, Archibald J. Corey, Chester Hart, James W. Proper, Charles Cooley, Charles B. Matthews, William Allen, Aaron Hulin, Joseph Herriman, Catherine Cook, Russell A. Bates, Joseph C. Rivard, Maglore and Charles J. Furton, Leonard and Tousaint Delona, Henry Fox, L. C. Rivard, Eliza B. Atkins, Edwin Jenney, Charles W. Fuller, John and Joseph IIerriman, Robert and Joseph Mlilton, John Crittenden, Jesse Goodsell, Joshua C. Parker, Charles F. Witt, Elisha Weller, Daniel Shattuck, Zara Granger, Ruth Fairchild, Otis W. Cotton, Isaac Davis, Aaron Whiting, Abel Whitney, Lucretia Haskin, Charles Ketcham, John Hill and John Lusk. The Indian Reservation lying between the River aux Vase and Salt River has been referred to before. A part of these Indians separated from the Maconce band in 1831 and the remainder were removed from the county in 1838. The lands thus vacated were rapidly taken up in 1839, largely by land speculators or neighboring settlers. For school purposes, Chesterfield township is divided into eight districts besides the Lake Fractional District, which includes the school at New Baltimore known as the Hathaway Institute. The school property included in these eight districts is estimated to be worth $7,100.00, and during the past year $2,223.00 was paid for teachers' wages in the district. Aside from this, some denominational schools are maintained in connection with the churches. New Baltimore school will be noticed more at length in connection with the history of that village. The principal officers of the township since its organization have been as follows: Supervisors: County Commissioners, 1842 -1843; Samuel P. Canfield, 1843; Benjamin T. Castle, 1844-5; Cyrus 13. Symmons, 1846-7; Charles B. lMatthews, 1848; Cyrus B. Symmons, 1849; Samuel P. Canfield, 1850; Eber C. Denison, 1851-2; Samuel P. Canfield, 1853; Eber C. Denison, 1854: Charles B. Matthews, 1855; Joshua C. Parker, 1856; Joseph Hubbard, 1857-58; Parker Hart, 1859; Charles D. Crittenden, 1860; John Milton, 1861-64; Ford L. Milton, 1865; Parker Hart, 1866; Joel Hart, 1867-69; Charles D. Crittenden, 1870; Joel Hart, 1871; John Milton, 1872-76; Warren Parker, 1877-78; Joel Hart, 1879; William Baker, 1880; William C. Jones, 1881; Warren Parker, 1882-85; Charles Yates, 1886-1905. Clerks: Robert A. Milton, 1842; Robert W. Knight, 1843; Charles B. Matthews, 1844 -1846; Joshua C. Parker, 1848; Hiram Denison, 1849; Robert 0. Milton, 1850-53; Livingston Axford, 1854; Hiram Denison, 1855; William D. Holt, 1856; Rodolphus Kern, 1857; D. N. Taylor, 1858; James Macauley, 1860; Albert Hendricks, 1861; John J. 658 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Crocker, 1862; Andrew J. Rose, 1863-64; Erastus Q. Chamberlin, 1865; Andrew J. Rose, 1866; Francis Johr, 1867; William Randall, 1868; C. J. Glenn, 1869; Lewis Rose, 1870; Eda W. Shattuck, 1871; C. L. Bradish, 1872; Sidney O. Knight, 1873; C. L. Bradish, 1874-75; P. F. H. Schars, 1876; John Hansien, 1877-78; Joseph M. Wilson, 1879-80; Christian Schlosser, 1881-89; A. Barton Perkins, 1890; Christian Schlosser, 1891-1900; Loren D. Bates, 1901; Rudolph Friday, 1902 -1903; Charles Gibbons, 1904-05. Treasurers: Zalmon M. Gray, 1842; John Bates, 1843; Joshua C. Parker, 1844-46; Parker Hart, 1847-49; Charles B. Matthews, 1850-51; John Milton, 1852-53; Robert A. King, 1854-55; Charles D. Crittenden, 1856 -1857; Charles S. Knight, 1858; Joel Hart, 1860; D. M. Mills, 1861-62; L. H. Canfield, 1863-64; Moses K. Bortree, 1865; Amos Van Horn, 1866; George W. Douglass, 1867; William Baker, 1868-69; Addis L. Hacknell, 1870-71; William Baker, 1872-78; Sidney O. Knight, 1879-80; William Baker, 1881-82; S. A. Knight, 188.3-84; Christian Schnoor, Jr., 1885-86; S. A. Knight, 1887-88; William Baker, 1889-90; S. A. Knight, 1891-92; William Baker, 1893-94; S. A. Knight, 1895-96; August F. Reinecke, 1897-98; Rudolph Friday, 1899-1900; Chas. E. Hills, 1901-02; John B. Lozen, 1903; Chas. E. Hills, 1904-05. The village of New Haven in the township of Lenox was for a long time the railroad shipping point for a large portion of the township of Chesterfield. The plank road running from New Baltimore to New Haven (then called New Haven Station) furnished the main thoroughfare for farmers in that vicinity. During the summer months, however, the larger portion of the products left New Baltimore by boat. The establishment of Chesterfield station in section 30 on the Grand Trunk Railway, however, opened a new shipping point, and the completion of the Detroit & River St. Clair Railway (now a part of the Rapid Railway system), 1898, gave to New Baltimore and the other territory along its line, additional railroad facilities. About the churches on sections 8 and 17 and the school, located nearby, has grown up a little settlement known as Milton which for a long time had a post office. Its abandonment within the last year or two has been due to the establishment of numerous rural delivery routes. In 1845, Alfred Ashley, son of Thomas Ashley, of whom frequent mention is made in the history of Mt. Clemens, moved to Chesterfield Township and founded the village of Ashley, now New Baltimore. Here he built the first saw mill and the first dock, and afterwards constructed the first steamboat at this place, and who was also active in the building of the plank road to Romeo, and from the time of his coming to the township until his death there in 1857, he remained its most prominent, active and progressive citizen. June 5th, 1851, he platted the village of Ashley, and he, together with his wife, Euphemia Atwood Ashley, for years owned a large part of the real estate in the village. In 1867, the village was incorporated, including within its limits also a portion of the township of Ira, in the County of St. Clair. At about this time or prior thereto the name of New Baltimore was adopted. During the 60's and the early 70's, the village of New Baltimore was an active, progressive business place, probably shipping out more agricultural and manufactured products than any other point in the county. At the time of the incorporation of the village, the stave industry was probably at about its best. Three large stave mills, employing hundreds of hands, were in full operation. The Ashley mill was the first one established, and later another mill was built under the management of William Jenney, but soon afterwards passed into the hands of Horace Perkins, and in the late 60's was the largest mill in operation there. Another mill, which stood near where the New Baltimore creamery now stands, was built by David Hathaway, and at that time was operated by Gilbert Hathaway, his son. James S. P. Hathaway later succeeded to this mill and for a number of years was the wealthiest citizen of the village. Other people interested in the mills from time to time were F. Morell, Icabod L. Quimby and Crockett McElroy. In 1859 the business men of New Baltimore included Elias Parker, proprietor of the Ashley Exchange; Peter Schars, hotel keeper; the merchants being, Frisbie & Whipple, J. M. Wilson, E. Fishpool, Jas. S. P. Hathaway, Taylor & Steiger, R. Kern, C. Desha, F. Miller, G. Prince, Wanke & Co., T. O'Neil, W. D. Holt, Haskin & Hudson, J. H. Simpson, J. Rehfuss, J. W. Leonard, C. Terry, G. L. Phelps, J. F. Buffum, R. Jones, W. Seybold, A. J. Heath; Gilbert Hathaway was then described as banker, broker and stave dealer, and Alfred Ashley, as proprietor of steam saw mill; J. Hubbard, stave inspector; C. Hultgren, cooper; C. L. Cole, livery; P. M. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 659 Whipple, wagon maker; A. J. Bates, cabinet maker; D. S. Grosvenor, mason; H. Hazelton, sash and blind manufacturer; Hendricks & Shoemaker, stave dealers; C. P. Hooker, justice of the peace, and A. E. Van Inwagen, T. Howell and D. Hedges, blacksmiths. The presidents, clerks and treasurers of the village since 1883 have been as follows: Presidents: Joseph M. Wilson, 1883; William Randall, 1884; John Carlson, 1885; Williani Randall, 1886; D. Milo Heath, 1887-92; Jos. M. Wilson, 1893-94; D. Milo Heath, 1895; Jos. M. Wilson, 1896; Robert A. Heath, 1897-98; August F. Reinecke, 1899-1904; Floyd C. Andrews, 1905. Clerks: Edward Van Slambrook, 1883-86; A. Barton Perkins, 1887-92; Rudolph Friday, 1893-1905. Treasurers: Albert Perkins, 1883; Christian Schnoor, 1884-87; A. B. Perkins, 1888 -1889; August F. Reinecke, 1890-91; Alfred Beuchler, 1892-93; D. Milo Heath, 1894; Charles A. Miller, 1895; August F. Reinecke, 1896-97; Charles E. Hill, 1898-99; Sydney A. Knight, 1900-01; Alfred Beuchler, 1902-03; Sydney A. Knight, 1904-05. The press is represented in New Baltimore by the Era, which was established May 27th, 1897, by its present owner and editor, Frank W. Andrews. The plant was destroyed by fire January 15th, 1899, but, Phoenix-like, it rose from its ashes and its publication continued without a serious break, with a new outfit and improved appearance. The Era was not the first venture in the newspaper line known to New Baltimore. As was natural in the days of its prosperity, New Baltimore attracted those ambitious to succeed in journalism. About 1853, Thomas M. Perry started at Ashley a paper called the Ashley Independent. Although this paper was compelled to suspend publication after a short life, the same name was used a few years later by Martin B. Ferris, for the paper which he published at Ashley. The business of the village and the population of the surrounding country evidently did not justify the venture, and Mr. Ferris soon abandoned the enterprise and moved to Indiana. The schools of New Baltimore are under the direction of a Board of Education, consisting of William Baker, Dr. L. P. May, Christian Schlosser, Frederick C. Miller and Rudolph Friday. Mr. E. E. Crook is superintendent of the schools and is assisted by seven teachers. The school is well equipped with a good library and laboratory facili ties, and is housed in an unusually fine brick building. In October, 1871, Gilbert Hathaway, long one of the prominent citizens of the village, died, and by his will provided for a legacy of $15,000.00 to the village of New Baltimore to be used for the purposes of a high school building. Difficulties arose in the administration of the estate which led to a long litigation between the village and James S. P. Hathaway, residuary legatee under the will of his father, Gilbert. The funds, when finally made available to the village, were supplemented by additional moneys raised by the public, and a building, now estimated to be worth $20,000.00, has been erected on a handsome site and forms one of the chief adornments of the village. Attracted particularly by this excellent building, the authorities in 1904 established the county normal school at New Baltimore, of which the Board is made up of the Hon. P. H. Kelly, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; O. D. Thompson, county commissioner of schools, and Prof. E. E. Crook, of New Baltimore schools. The first normal class was organized Sept. 15th, 1904, under act No. 24 of the Session Laws of 1903. The school is largely attended, and the prospects for its future success are very flattering. One-half of the second floor of the Hathaway Institute building is given up for its use, and finer quarters could hardly be obtained. In 1896 was established the private bank of W. F. Sandell & Co., which has ever since, under the management of Charles C. Hill, afforded satisfactory banking facilities for the village and vicinity. March 3rd, 1902, $24,000.00 was voted by the citizens of the village for the establishment of a water works system, which was soon afterwards put into operation. In connection with this, an electric light system was established for the furnishing of street and private lights. The village was bonded to the sum of $22,000.00 for the lighting plant. Thus equipped with water works, electric light and a large and commodious hotel, the Chesterfield, built by a syndicate of citizens of New Baltimore, Mt. Clemens and Detroit in 1900, the village of New Baltimore, with its beautiful location upon Anchor Bay, affords a most attractive and delightful resort for those who during the hot summer months are looking for a pleasant escape from the noise and heat of the cities. The Rapid Railway affords a frequent and convenient mode of communication with the outside world. 66o PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY The population of the township of Chesterfield as per census returns has been as follows: 1845......................... 845 1850.........................1,002 1854....................... 1,612 1860.........................2,157 1864........................ 2,150 1870....................... 2,175 1874.........................2,213 1880.......................2,349 1884....................... 2,202 1890.........................2,121 1894........................ 2,088 1900..................... 2,093 1904........................1960 The assessed valuation of the property of the township as equalized by the Board of Supervisors has been as follows: 1842..................$ 33,950.44 1846.................. 43,066.00 1851.................. 60,666.00 1856.................. 431,562.00 1861.................. 374,469.00 1866.................. 394,208.00 1871.................. 447,480.00 1876.................. 430,000.00 1881.................. 914,000.00 1886.................. 820,000.00 1891.................. 820,000.00 1896.................. 850,000.00 1901.................. 1,055,000.00 Corey, A. Flower and Jacob E. Hall, assessors; Eben Carl, Abner Stevens and Eben Brooks, road commissioners; Carlos W. Brown, Justus R. Crandall, James M. Millard, school commissioners; Oliver Bates and William Miller, poor directors; Justus R. Crandall and Justus Ellsworth, constables; Allen Ilacket, A. Flower, Eben Brooks, C. W. Brown, William Miller, Jacob E. Hall, Lymaan Bates, Slias Leonard and William Leonard, overseers of highways. Since that election the principal township officers have been: Supervisors: Benjamin Haight, 1837; B. Wright, 1838; County Commissioners, 1838 -1842; Aldis L. Rich, 1843-44; Justus R. Crandall, 1845-47; Leander Millen, 1848; Carlos W. Brown, 1849; Justus R. Crandall, 1850 -1851; Aldis L. Rich, 1852; Thos. F. Dryer, 1853; Justus R. Crandall, 1854-55; Carlos W. Brown, 1856; Justus R. Crandall, 1857; George W. French, 1858; Justus R. Crandall, 1859-62; Milo Selleck, 1863; Daniel Bates, 1864-69; Lucius H. Canfield, 1870-76; Adam Bennett, 1877-79; Lucius H. Canfield, 1880 -1882; Gil R. Lovejoy, 1883-86; Lucius H. Canfield, 1887; Zenas Corey, 1888-95; Gilbert R. Lovejoy, 1896-98; W. F. Edmands, 1899 -1900; Adam A. Bennett, 1901-05. Clerks: Thomas H. Dryer, 1837-47; John Haire, 1848-50; Justus R. Crandall, 1852; N. C. Knott, 1853; Justus R. Crandall, 1854; William G. Carl, 1855; Mason Harris, 1856; Milo Selleck, 1857; Daniel Bates, 1858; William II. Mellen, 1860; Abram S. Devall, 1861 -1863; John W. Leonard, 1864-65; Benjamin L. Bates, 1866-67; William H. Sutfin, 1868 -1869; Adam Bennett, 1870; Isaac N. Cook, 1871-73; Elias Duvall, 1874; Theo M. Giddings, 1875; Isaac Cook, 1876; Clarence E. Fenton, 1877; William Wiethoff, 1878: Chester S. Fenton, 1879; Avander H. Shafer, 1880-82; Chas. F. Kielblock, 1883-84; Aug. F. Kaiser, 1885-87; Chas. F. Kielblock, 1888-89; Adam Bennett, 1890-92; Chas. Kielblock, 1893-94; Adam A. Bennett, 1895-96; James E. Iull, 1897-98; Samuel D. Spore, 1899; Adam Bennett, 1900; James E. Hull, 1901-05. Treasurers: Justus R. Crandall, 1837; William A. Edwards, 1838; Gabriel Cox, 1839-40; Israel Dryer, 1841; Carlos W. Brown, 1842; John Church, 1849; Russell W. Green, 1850; Leander Millen, 1851; Alvin Davis, 1852-54; M. Van Winkle, 1855; John Church, 1856; Sabin Harris, 1857; Alvin Adams, 1858; Martin L. Dryer, 1859-60; Asa Blanchard, 1861-63; Toleot Bates, 1864-65; Elijah Sutfin, 1866; David L. Carl, 1867-68; CHAPTER XIX. TOWNSHIP OF LENOX. At the organization of the township of Lenox in 1837, the first election was directed to be held at the dwelling house of Sterling Case. It was proposed at the time the selection of a name came up that the three oldest men in the township should select the name. Accordingly Benjamin Haight, Mason Harris, and Israel Dryer each selected a name. As the choice of Mr. Haight and Mr. Harris happened to be duplicated by other townships in the State, the name of Lenox, suggested by Mr. Dryer, was adopted. At the first town meeting, held April 3rd, 1837, William Francis, Thomas F. Dryer and William P. Miller were the inspectors, and Alanson Flower, clerk. Aside from the supervisor, clerk and treasurer, whose names will be found in the list of supervisors further on, at this election there were chosen Jacob E. Hall, Mason Harris, Justin Corey and Eben Carl, justices of peace; A. T. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 66I Benjamin L. Bates, 1869-70; Ephraim Fullerton, 1871; James M. Rowley, 1872; Adam Bennett, 1873-76; E. P. Fullerton, 1877; Russell T. IHazleton, 1878; Denis La Furgey, 1879-80; Calvin A. Smith, 1881; W. T. Spink, 1883-4; Joseph P. Light, 1885; C. F. Kielblock, 1886-87; William Wurtzel, 1888-89; Philip A. Williams, 1890; William Wurzel, 1891-92; Chas. F. Brockman, 1893; August F. Kaiser, 1894; William F. Edmunds, 1895 -1896; IIomer W. Maxwell, 1897; Homer Bates, 1898-99; William Kurzhals, 1900-01; A. Jay Baldwin, 1902-03; William J. Brockman, 1904-05. The first school house built in District No. 2 of Lenox was erected by David Burt in 1851, and was burned in 1860, and a new frame building erected on the same site in 1861. The first teacher was Jane Harris. In 1840, according to the reminiscences of Mrs. Amelia Bancroft Crawford, school was taught in a primitive log house just west of the farm long occupied by Thomas Dryer. At this time the country seemed to be almost entirely covered by water, and in her horseback ride to reach her school, the horse was for a large part of the way compelled to wade through water several inches deep. This lady afterwards taught in the Hall school as well as in schools in other parts of the county. The present schools of Lenox are contained in nine districts, with school property estimated worth $6,850.00. The directors for the past year have been Fred Druengel, Chauncey W. Johns, William C. Steffen, Rudolph Loose, MNalvin A. Fries, Charles F. Kielblock, Baldwin Hiasselback, John F. Fink and Gil R. Lovejoy. The village about Lenox station, now a part of Richmond village, has been referred to in the history of Richmond. The other village of the township is New Haven, with a population of about six hundred. It is situated on the Grand Trunk Railroad, and was for a long time known as New Baltimore Station. The village was organized in 1869, the first election being held on May 3rd of that year. The presidents of the village have been Benjamin L. Bates, Ephraim Fuller, Morgan Nye, Justin R. Crandall, Adam Bennett, Clarence E. Fenton, Charles N. Sears, Clavin I. Smith, Henry H. Quick, Alexander Gunn, John S. Parker, Isaac N. Cook, William F. Edmunds, John Russell, Edgar B. Harris, Elias B. Parker, and A. J. Baldwin. The village has an electric light plant, a bank, elevator, creamery, roller mill and churches of the Baptist, Congregational, Lutheran, Methodist and Presbyterian denominations. It is the railroad shipping point for Meade, Ray Center and Omno (a settlement in section 19 of Lenox, that has grown up around a saw mill long run by Ilazelton and now by John White, and the general store now run by Will & Sons), with which places it has daily stage connections. The Methodist Church Society of the village was organized by the Rev. John Russell at Meade, at which place the Rev. Thos. Seeley was pastor. In November, 1870, the present church edifice was dedicated, the pulpit of which is now filled by the Rev. O. W. Willett, a graduate of Northwestern University, formerly a missionary in China. The Rev. Peter Scharmierhorn, pastor of the Congregational church, has been preceded in that position by Joseph England, Samuel D. Breed, John S. Kidder, N. D. Glidden, Park A. C. Bradford, Robt. Parsons, Jacob Flook and William Bradley. The Baptist Society of the village was first organized in Chesterfield about 1843, and for some time held its meetings in the school house in the Bates settlement. The church at New Haven was built about 1855, and is now in charge of the Rev. J. W. Wallace. At Chesterfield, Elder Goodrich, Rev. Kingsbury and Rev. Starr had charge of the church. The church now has 63 members with a Sabbath school of 60 members. In its work, it is materially assisted by an active Ladies Aid Society. The present occupant of the substantial parsonage, which the Lutheran church has erected near its church building, is the Rev. Henry Tourney, under whose ministry the church is apparently enjoying great prosperity. Nearly all of the lands in this township except section 16 of school land were purchased from the government in 1834, 1835 and 1836. The earliest selection made was June 4th, 1831, in section 6 by Phineas D. Pelton, of Genesee County, N. Y. In November following another entry was made in the same section by William Francis of Ontario County, N. Y. In 1833 Richard Bailey from Ontario County, N. Y., made a selection in section 6; Alanson Flowers of Genesee County, N. Y., in section 7; Benjamin Haight and Erastus D. Powell in section 31. Among the other land buyers who made their selections during the following three years might be named Justus H. Ellsworth, of Erie County, N. Y.; Richard Claggett, Stillman Goff and David I. Boyd in section 1; Hiram Burke, Erasmus M. and Alexander Beebe in section 662 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 2; Lemuel Hicks, John G. Dennison and Justin Corey in section 3; Albert Treat, Harrison Russell and William E. Welles in section 4; Alanson Flowers, Ebenezer Brook and Warren Cook in section 7; Joseph C. Brown, Francis Stone, Flavius J. Hicks and Norton L. Miller in section 8; John Church, Artemus Blake, Mary Case and Levi Beardsley in section 9; John B. Goddard, Nelson and James Edwards in section 10; James Edwards and Justin Corey in section 11; James Earl and Patrick Healey in section 13; Chester Dodge and Samuel P. Heyden in section 15; Thomas F. Dryer, Imley Prescott and Henry Dwight in section 17; Apollos A. Fuller, Carlos W. Brown, Mason Harris, Israel Dryer, Thomas F. Dryer and Sally A. Millard in section 18; William Miller, Mansfield Harris and William A. Nelson in section 19; Gabriel, William J. and Harling Case, Nelson Edwards and John Dodge in section 21; James Snook and William Beer of Middlesex County, N. Y., in section 23; David Spoor and Christopher Rafferty in section 26; Silas Leonard, Ira S. Perry and John Harris in section 29; Jacob E. and Myron Hall, Charles Thompson and Henry Peatman in section 30; Benjamin Haight, Erastus D. Powell, Otis Wing, Hannah Lyman, Hiram D. Howell, Sybil E. Crawford and Caleb Rice in section 31; Abram Burkholder and John A. Saunders in section 32; William Maxwell, Samuel Farr, Orville Paine, Orvin F. Simmons and Lyman Bates in section 33; Stephen Sabin, Elijah Phelps, Zara Granger and Charles W. Fuller in section 34. The population of the township, according to census returns, has been as follows: 1837........................ 234 1840......................... 284 1845........................ 513 1850........................ 654 1854........................ 946 1860.........................1,453 1864.........................1,383 1870........................ 2,135 1874........................ 2,164 1880........................ 2,516 1884........................ 2,452 1890.........................2,385 1894...................... 2,266 1900...................... 2,351 1904........................2,330 The assessed valuation of the township as equalized by the Board of Supervisors has been as follows: 1842..................$ 42,169.20 1846................ 39,418.00 1851.................. 1856.................. 1861.................. 1866.................. 1871.................. 1876.................. 1881.................. 1886.................. 1891................. 1896.................. 1901................. 43,225.00 233,699.00 213,790.00 265,436.00 319,165.00 340,000.00 993,000.00 900,000.00 910,000.00 920,000.00 1,150,000.00 CHAPTER XX. THE TOWNSHIP OF RICHMOND. The township of Richmond, the most northeasterly of the county, was not settled as early nor as thickly at first as were the townships nearer Detroit and the Clinton River. The first entries of lands in this township were made December 1st, 1832, in section 30, on which day both Edwin B. Rose from Macomb County and John Hale of Detroit each entered a tract in that section. The latest entry for government lands was made April 4th, 1884, by Richard Ball, of this county, in section 16. As has appeared before, the township was organized in 1838, and the first town meeting was appointed to be held at the house of George Perkins, on whose wood-pile it was held in point of fact. Mr. Perkins was then living on the "Ridge," and the name of the township was selected by the suggestion of Phillip Cudworth, in memory of a township of the same name in Ontario County, N. Y. At this first meeting the following officers were selected: Hiron Hathaway, as supervisor; George Perkins, as clerk; Durfee Simmnons. John Hicks and Jesse Huff, as assessors; William Simmons and John Goodar, as overseers of the poor; Jesse Welden and Russell Peters, as commissioners of the highways; Jesse Welden, James Flower, Horace Ewall and W. P. Simmons, as justices of the peace; Jeremiah Robinson and J. S. Durfee as constables; Jeremiah Robinson as collector; Durfee Simmons, Pliny Corbin and Ben Ellsworth, as commissioners of county schools; P. Cudworth, C. C. Davis and H. N. Curtis as fence viewers, and John Bates, poundmaster,. The land where the village of Richmond now stands or rather that portion of it called Beebe's corners, was mostly taken up from the government by Erastus Beebe in 1835, and the future growth of a settlement there PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 663 proved the wisdom of Mr. Beebe in his selection. Being the spot where the ridge running east and west joined that running north and south,-and the importance of high lands, particularly for highways, was more apparent then than now,-it was natural that here should gradually grow up a community. Early a general store was kept there by H. P. Beebe, and a blacksmith shop soon followed. The locality came to be known as Beebe's corners, a name which it retained until the granting of a village charter in 1879. The little community which grew up in the northwest quarter of section 1 of Lenox was a rival to Beebe's corners, and after the coming of the Grand Trunk Railway with its station at Ridgeway, as the Lenox settlement was called, the jealousy was not without its bitterness at times. Between the two settlements along the main street naturally were established stores and other accommodations which sought to draw custom from both ways. About half way between the Corners and the Station grew up a little business center which at times was referred to as Coopertown, which is now the heart of the village of Richmond. The natural growth of the communities has been towards each other until it becaine a continuous settlement from the Corners (at the intersection of the Ridge Road and Mtain Street) to the Station. The order and times of the platting into village lots is indicative of the demand for lots that came from this growth. The original part of the Corners was never formally platted, but the little settlement grew up as the progress of the locality demanded around the junction of Main Street and the Ridge Road coming in from the west. Dec. 1st, 1859, just about the time of the completion of the building of the Grand Trunk Railroad through the villaoe, the Gillett, Beebe and Richard addition to the village was platted. In the Beebe's addition was included lots on each side of Mlain Street northerly from the town line, then called Plank Street (now Division), to where the corners settlement had spread, to Church Street on the westerly side and just beyond Park Street on the easterly, and included also lots on both sides of Maeomb Street between the town line and Park Street. The Gillett part of the addition lay in Lenox and continued the same lines as the Beebe addition southerly to the church, except that nothing was platted in it on the easterly side of Main Street. The next month Blackwell's plat of "the village of Ridge way, near Beebe's Corners" was made and recorded. This included the Grand Trunk depot grounds and covered a strip of land running from the north town line of Lenox (Division Street) to the quarter section line in section 1, bounded westerly by Oak Street and by Main Street southerly of its intersection with Oak Street, and easterly by Beech Street, and its line continued southerly across the railroad. In May of 1860 John Hicks platted eighteen lots just west of the Corners and north of the Ridge road, including in his plat Prospect, North and West Streets. For several years the corners seem to have far surpassed the station in growth, as in January, 1865, Seth Lathrop's first, and in April, 1867, his second addition appear, supposedly to answer the demand for more building lots. These lay westerly and southerly of the original village and ran southerly as far as Park Street, and together with the plats already mentioned and Beebe's third, platted much later, constitute all of the village west of Main Street north of the town line. In 1867, too, Beebe platted an addition lying just north and easterly of the original village, along Madison and Division Streets, and the following year he opened his second addition, lying next north of the town line (Division Street), with its thirty-nine lots along Stone and Forest Streets. During the next decade, Ridgeway seems to have had the best of the controversy. March 12th, 1869, Blackwell's addition filled in the space between his original plat and Gillett's addition to Richmond, including as it does all of the village south of Division Street between Maple Street and Main north of Maple on the west side and Oak Street on the east side. In 1871 and 1875 James B. Davis added to the village two plats which covers all of the village east of the railway, except the small portion included in Blackwell's original plat. During this decade the only addition to the upper part of the village was Beebe's third, which, however, was a large one and carried the village easterly to the Driving Park ground between Division and Washington Streets. The Heath and Stone additions in the northeast section of the village were made May 27th, 1881, after the incorporation of the village. In the township at large, as was natural, the parts first settled were along the ridges. The first school was taught in the house of Daniel Hall by Mahala Weeks. A year later Miss Lucinda Clough became the teacher in a log school house built near the Hall resi 664 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY dence. The present ten school districts lying wholly or in part in Richmond have school property estimated in the current year to be worth $19,380, of which $5,000 is in the Memphis district and $9,500 in the Richmond village district, No. 13. In these were expended for school purposes last year $7,207.83, and in them were enrolled 576 of the 756 included in the school census. An inspection of the list of the first land buyers in this township will show that the larger proportion of them who had not already acquired a residence in Michigan came from New York, although Massachusetts is also well represented. It will reveal the names of most of the old families of the township, whose history, did time and space permit, would prove most interesting to trace. Among these land takers we find an even dozen of the fairer sex, whom circumstances probably drove to this step usually left to their brothers. Section 1 was taken up by James Rig and Agness Rig of Wayne County in 1835; Joseph Potter and Gideon M. Potter of St. Clair County in 1835; John Dods of Montreal, Canada, 1835; Alexander H. Bartley and Richard Crossier and James Osterhaut, of Wayne County, in 1836. Section 2 was obtained by Daniel J. Chapel from Livingston County, N. Y.; Isaac B. Gilbert of Macomb County; Joseph Potter, Jamles Wells of St. Clair County, all in 1835. Timothy Allen, Ontario County, New York, in 1836. Section 3 was secured by Timothy Allen of Ontario County, New York; Joseph Parson of Monroe County, New York, in 1836. Section 4 was held by Ephraim Chamberlin of Macomb County in 1836; Henry Hawkins, Vanrensselaer Hawkins of Genesee County, New York, in 1837; Gideon M. Potter, from Macomb County, in 1838. Section 5 was patented to Zekiel M. DeForet of Livingston County, New York, in 1836; Susannah Thompson, Macomb County, in 1836; Henry and Vanrensselaer Hawkins of Genesee County, New York, in 1837. Section 6 was bought by Jacob Frost of Macomb County in 1836; William C. Haggerty of New York City in 1836; Henry and Vanrensselaer Hawkins of Genesee County, New York, in 1837. Section 7 was taken up by Jere Keyes of Monroe County, New York, in 1836; Daniel Carland of Wayne County, Michigan, in 1836; Jehiel Butterfield, Macomb County, Michigan, in 1836; Peter Ackley, Niagara, New York; Cyrenus Webster of Macomb County in 1836; Horace Cooper, Macomb County, 1836; John P. Hall, Macomb County, in 1837; Benjamin Woodbeck of Macomb County in 1837; Henry and Vanrensselaer Hawkins of Genesee County, New York, in 1837; Daniel Roberts of St. Clair County in 1836; Robert Moaw of Ontario County, New York, 1837. Section 8 was acquired by Jeduthan Blip, Hamlpden County, Mass., in 1836; Ezekiel M. DeForest of Livingston County, N. Y., in 1836; Henry and Vanrensselaer Hawkins of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1837; Thomas Moaw of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1837. Section 9 was settled by Jere Keyes of MIonroe County, N. Y., in 1836; John M. Cutler, Macomb County, 1836; Henry and Vanrensselaer Hawkins of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1837. Section 10 was sold to Thomas E. Haywood of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; Aaron Day of Hampden County, Mass., in 1836; Holman Jackson, Macomb County, in 1836; Joseph Piersen of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; Aaron Day of Hampden County, Mass., in 1836; Isaac B. Gilbert, Macomb County, in 1836. Section 11 was obtained by Nathan Hicks and Timothy Allen of Ontario County, N. Y., the former in 1835 and the latter in 1836; Isaac B. Gilbert of Macomb County in 1835. Section 12 was secured by Lot Clark and Steven Warren of the State of New York in 1835; Alexander H. Bartley of Wayne County in 1836; Reuben R. Smith, Macomb County, in 1836; Lucien B. Barker, Madison County, N. Y., in 1836; Timothy Allen of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1836; David Denton of St. Clair in 1836. Section 13 was purchased by Lot Clark and Steven Warren of New York State in 1835 and 1836; Silas Stevens of St. Clair County in 1836; Durfee Simmons of St. Clair County in 1836; Russell Peters of Lapeer County in 1836; William Pierce of Macomb County in 1836. Section 14 was taken up by Gideon D. Simmons of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1835; John Wells of Wayne County in 1836; John Manchester of Madison County, N. Y., in 1836; Durfee Simmons of Madison County, N. Y., in 1836 (afterwards of St. Clair County); John Bywater of Portage County, Ohio, in 1836; William Bywater of Macomb County in 1836,. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 665 Section 15 was held by Solomon Lathrop, Hampden County, Mass., in 1836; Charles Ely of Hampden County, Mass., in 1836. Section 17 was patented to Alanson Hurlbut, Middlesex County, Ct., in 1835; Henry Davis and Charles J. Davis, Hiram Benedict, Henry Johnson of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; William M. C. Lathrop of New York, N. Y., in 1837; Thomas Moaw of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1837; Daniel G. Stowe of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1837. Section 18 was bought by David Page and Holly Goyer of Mlacomb County, Michigan, in 1835; Oratus Hulett of Huron County, Ohio, in 1835; Eben Kimball and Levi Kimball, Malancton W. Chamberlin of Macomb County in 1836; Nathan Dodge of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Samuel Booth, Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Jesse Ruff, Montgomery County, N. Y., in 1836; Isaac Robinson and George Wells, James S. Spencer of Macomb County in 1836; Gilbert Longstaff of Macomb County in 1837. Section 19 was purchased by Anson Pettibone of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1833; Enoch C. Hodges and Henry Dennis, Jeremiah Walton and Ann D. Walton of Macomb County in 1836; Charles J. Davis, Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Abel Harrington, Wayne County, N. Y., in 1836; Chester Smith of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; John O. Roorke of Wayne County in 1836. Section 20 was secured by William P. Jefsions of Tolland County, Ct., in 1833; Pliny Corbin of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1833; Alanson Hurlbut of Middlesex County, Ct., in 1833; Jeremiah Robinson, Yates County, N. Y., in 1833; Martin J. Arnold, Ontario County, N. Y., in 1833; Henry M. Curtiss, Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Justus H. Ellsworth, Erie County, N. Y., in 1836. Section 21 was occupied by Pliny Corbin of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1835; Charles Goodar of Oakland County in 1835; Laura Rose of Macomb County in 1835; Samuel Cooley, Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Harriet Perkins of Macomb County, in 1836; Betsey Grant, Macomb County, in 1836. Section 22 was purchased by Jonathan H. Guild of Windham, Ct., in 1836; Arnsay W. Sutton and Joel A. Maher in 1833. Section 23 was taken up by Isaac B. Gilbert, Macomb County, in 1835; Charles Ely, IHampden County, Mass., in 1836; Parmely Bierce from Connecticut in 1836; Benjamin F. Green of Livingston County, N. Y., in 1836; Daniel Gillet of Livingston County, N. Y., in 1836. Section 24 was held by Samuel Baker of Wayne County, N. Y., in 1836; Milan Clapp of Wayne County, Mich., in 1836; William Winds and John Kelly and William Fields of Maconmb County in 1836; Abby Winans of Macomb County in 1839; Ann A. Andrews of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1837; Caleb Rice of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1836. Section 25 was obtained by Jere Norton of Portage County, Ohio, in 1836; Daniel Hall of Geauga County, Ohio, in 1836; Amos F. Albright of Wayne County, Michigan, in 1836; Eleazer Mighell of Wayne County in 1836; Isaac B. Gilbert of Macomb County in 1836; James It. Woods and Caleb Rice of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1836; Charles French of Worcester County, Mass., in 1836. Section 26 was largely taken up by Jere Norton of Portage County, Ohio, in 1836; Daniel Iall of Geauga County, Ohio, in 1836; Solomon Stone of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; Ebenezer of Hampshire County, Mass., in 1836; Anna Richards of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1837; Clarissa Hancock of St. Clair County in 1839. Section 27 was sold to Isaac Munson of Otsego County, N. Y., in 1836; Solomon Stone of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; Leonard Stump of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1836; Bradford L. Skiff of St. Clair County in 1836; Henry P. Beebe of Macomb County in 1837. Section 28 was acquired by Charles Goodar of Oakland County in 1835; Edwin B. Rose, George Perkins of Macomb County in 1835; Jacob Beekman, Macomb County, in 1836; Samuel Cooley, Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Solomon Stone of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; Benjamin B. Kercheval of Wayne County in 1836; Samuel P. Clemens of Wayne County in 1837. Section 29 was bought by Martin J. Arnold of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1835; John Bates, Morgan L. McKoon and Gideon Gates, James M. Merit, Hiram Burke of Macomb County in 1836; Charles French of Worcester County, Mass., in 1836. Section 30 was obtained by John Hale of Detroit in 1832; Edwin B. Rose of Macomb County in 1832; Asa Ingrahan of Macomb County in 1835; Joanna C. Tenny of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1835; John Goodar of Oakland County in 1835; John Bates of Macomb County in 1836; Elijah Waterman of Cattaraugus County, N. Y., in 1836; Rufus P. Daton of Macomb County in 1836; Adanis Trayler of Livingston County, N. Y., in 1836; John Youney of Macomb County in 1838. 666 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Section 31 was taken up by Sumner Pierce of Macomb County in 1832-1834; Seth Hathaway of Macomb County in 1834; Daniel Bray of Macomb County in 1835; Amos Parsons of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1835; William G. Hathaway of Niagara County, N. Y., in 1835; David O. Codwise of Macomb County in 1835; Simeon Newberry of Lapeer County in 1836; David Perry of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; John Mow of Macomb County in 1836; Felix Randall of Portage County, Ohio, in 1836; Benjamin B. Kercheval of Wayne County in 1836. Section 32 was purchased by Charles G. Morse of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836; Levi Beardsley of Otsego County, N. Y., in 1836; Miclosneth S. Hall of Wayne County in 1836; John Starkweather of Wayne County in 1836; Edwin Jerome and Joseph Anderson of Wayne County, Mich.; Felix Randall of Portage County, Ohio; Edwin Jerome and John Starkweather of Wayne County in 1836. Section 33 was taken up by Hannah Freeman of Miacomb County in 1835; Benjamin W. Freeman of Macomb County in 1836; Ephraim S. Iarvens of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; William R. Hicks of Macomb County, in 1836; Isaac W. Perkins of Grafton County, N. Y., in 1836; George Palmer of St. Clair County in 1836. Section 34 was granted to Benjamin Simmons, and Phillip Cudworth of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1835; Cyrel Hicks of Wayne County in 1835; Samuel N. Hyde of Erie County, N. Y., in 1836; Isaac Munson of Otsego County, N. Y., in 1836; William R. Hicks and Francis E. Rayden of Macomb County in 1836; Lowell Gage of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1836. Section 35 was bought by Asa K. Phipps of Maconb County in 1836; Hiram Burke of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Erastus M. Beebe of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Alexander Beebe of Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; Smith Johnson, Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1836; Melancton W. Smith of Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1836; John Hicks of Ontario County, N. Y., in 1836; Lansing B. Mizner and Bayard Clark of U. S. in 1836; Francis G. Macy of Erie County, N. Y., in 1836. Section 36 was obtained by Smith Johnson of Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1836; David Weeks, Genesee County, N. Y., in 1836; David J. Boyd of New York City, N. Y.; Amos F. Albright of Wayne County in 1836; Lansing B. MIizner and Bayard Clark of U. S. in 1836; Isaac B. Gilbert of Macomb County in 1836. In 1879 the rivalry between the Station and the Corners, as the two extremes of the present village of Richmond were called, was laid aside sufficiently to allow of the incorporation as one village of the territory formerly known as Beebe's Corners, as well that of old Ridgeway, and the section on each side of Main Street between the two. This was but a legal recognition of the actual fact, as the two localities had grown towards each other in spite of the jealousy that had been strongly kept up. The first election was set to be held March 5th, 1879, "at the store lately occupied by Miller & Haskins on Main Street," and Thomas Conway, B. F. Doty and Lulman H. Heath appointed the Board of Registration therefor. The result of this election was the selection of Alonzo M. Keeler as President, and of Addison G. Stone, as Clerk. The village has progressed ever since most satisfactorily under the following presidents: Thomas Conway, elected in 1880; Sanford I. Stone, in 1881 and 1882; Norman McIntyre, in 1883; James P. Cooper, in 1883 at a special election held because of the resignation of Mr. McIntyre; James M. Hathawav, in 1884 and 1885; Theodore Miller, in 1886, 1887 and 1888; William H. Acker, in 1889; James M. Hathaway, in 1890 and 1891; James E. Weter, in 1892 to 1898, inclusive; William H. Acker, in 1899 and 1900; Simon H. Heath, in 1901; William II. Acker again, in 1902 and 1903; Judson Black, in 1904, and 0. B. Evans, in 1905. The Clerks for the same time have been Addison Stone, elected in 1880 for a second time; Adelbert T. Sutton, in 1881 and 1882; E. Bruce Keeler, in 1883 and 1884; A. Martin Keeler, in 1885 and 1886; Merton Fuller, in 1887 and 1888; R. F. Gould, in 1889 until his removal, when his place was filled by Olney Culver, who was again selected in 1890; Richard W. Heath, in 1891 and 1892; Frank W. Burke, who was kept in that office from 1893 to 1901; Elmer U. Gorsuch, elected in 1901, 1902 and 1903; and the present incumbent, Daniel L. Rapelje, elected first in 1904. Among the evidences of progress of the village is the installation in 1895 of a fine water-works system in the village at an expense of about $19,000, after a special election at which the question of incurring this expense was passed upon by the electors. About five miles of piping has been laid and about 25,000,000 gallons of water are PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 667 pumped annually. The gravity system, with standpipe, is used, and the source of the water supply is artesian wells. In connection with this plant is operated a municipal electric lighting plant, by means of which its streets are lighted and light is also furnished to its citizens. The combined plant has been a paying investment from the start. Among the hotels that have accommodated the traveling public here have been the Beebe House, built about 1855 by George Beebe, the Maher I ouse, "Agent's Home," kept by E. G. Gleason in 1875, and the Commercial House, built by James P. Cooper about 1880. At the Station or Ridgeway were to be found at various times the Ridgeway Houise, the National Iouse, Grand Trunk House, and Springborn's hotel, built in 1896. Another was Ramsey House, built by William Ramsey about 1876. This was later rebuilt and rechristened the Glenwood, and is now known as The St. Clair. Win. H-. Acker in 1878 started and has ever since maintained a private bank, which has always commanded the confidence of the community and accordingly has always been successful. The other banking enterprise of the village is the Macomib County Savings Bank, a corporation organized July 2, 1898, with a capital stock of $25,000. The deposits at the commencement of business Sept. 1, 1898, amounted to $2,006.00, which on MAay 29th last had increased to $32,764.25 of commercial deposits and $213,013.37 of savings deposits. The success of the enterprise is apparent from the above. The last annual statement showed resources of $288,001.74, and surplus of $17,223.12. The press has been represented in Richmond by two papers. The Richmond Herald was established June 8th, 1876, by Del T. Sutton and George W. Kenfield, the latter remainingo in the firm, however, only a few weeks. Mr. Sutton endeavored until the following November to convince the people of the community that it was time for the village to support a newspaper and then sold to David S. Cooper, who continued the effort until the following June. Sufficient support not appearing the publication was then suspended. However the short life of the Herald was not in vain for it apparently taught the people the benefits of the press and when, in November of 1877, William C. Walters started the Richmond Review, he received more encouragement. The first issue appeared November 8th, 1877. Two years later the paper was purchased by Frank S. Abbott, then a practicing attorney of the village, who continued management of the paper until August of 1880, when it was purchased by Del T. Sutton of the one-time Herald, who has been proprietor of the paper the major part of the time since. It has, however, changed hands several times, passing from Sutton's hands back to those of its first owner, Walters, who, however, soon re-sold to Sutton. Frank S. Abbott also again took charge at one time, but also returned the paper to Sutton. Mr. Crawshaw, Frank Hirt and Warren S. Stone have also at times been interested in the ownership of the paper prior to its passing into the hands of Mr. Elmer W. Gorsuch, the present owner, who has published the paper successfully for the past few years. During Mr. Sutton's ownership the paper was issued from building on the corner of Washington and Main Streets and later from the Cooper block. Crawshaw moved it to the building next door, also owned by Cooper. IIirt took the office to the Acker building on Main Street, where a baptism of fire was received, after which the paper found a new home in the Hacking building, where it remained until removed to its present home in the Heath building. The Review has always been independent in politics and its eight pages of six columns each have always been devoted to the welfare and successful growth of its native village. The Richmond postoffice was established in 1840, with Philip Cudworth as postmaster. He was followed by David Ward in 1844, Hiram Burke in 1848, H. P. Beebe in 1851, James AI. Iicks in 1854, I-. P. Beebe in 1860, D. G. Gleason in 1866, Seth Lathrop in 1869, and H. P. Beebe again in 1872. On the coining in of the first Democratic administration of the country for a quarter of a century, under President Cleveland, James M. Hathaway was appointed postmaster in 1885, who was followed by Simon H. Heath in 1889. The whirl of national politics brought a change of parties again in 1893, and restored the office to Mr. Hathaway for four years when he yielded to J. M. Johnson. Simon H. Heath again came in in 1901 and still presides. During his term the office has been elevated to the presidential class. Under his charge, too, have been established two rural delivery routes that bring so much satisfaction to the farmers of the township. Route No. 1 was started June 2nd, 1902, and has been cared for by Ralph Keeler and Charles Ileath. Route No. 2 started July 1st, 1904, 668 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY since which it has been cared for by J. A. Quick. Mr. Beebe had the office at the corner of Washington and Main Streets, Mr. Hathaway in the Byers building, Mr. Johnson in the Stevens building across the street, and Mr. Heath removed it to the more central location in the Hacking block, where it stayed until the current year when it was moved across the street into the C. B. Lutes building. The postoffice of Lenox was established at the "station" in 1872 during the service of Hon. O. D. Conger as Congressman from this district. The fact that the name "Ridgeway'" was being duplicated in the list of postoffices in the state prevented the use of that nanie for this postoffice, and the adoption of the name Lenox both for the postoffice and the railroad station gradually led to the complete abandonment of "Ridgeway" as a cognomen for this locality. The new postoffice was established nmore for the accommodation of the officials than the public and the small salary did not make it very attractive. After some difficulty Janies P. Davis was appointed, who first kept the office at his residence on Mary street and later in the Jonas building on Main street and still later in the Jesse Gleason building on Grand Trunk avenue. After two years service Mr. Davis yielded possession of the office to Zenas Corey, who held it fifteen years. The public had gradually come to find the convenience of the office, and its business has continually increased in size. Gil R. Lovejoy took charge of the office in 1889 and has held it ever since except during the four years of President Cleveland's second term, when it was held by J. M. Rowley. It has been located in buildings owned by Mr. Lovejoy on Main street for the few years. In January, 1904, the first rural delivery route was established with David W. Wilson in charge, and in the sanie year the second route was started under the care of Grant Woodruff. The village of Richmond has seven churches, the Baptist, Roman Catholic, Congregationalist, German Evangelical, Methodist Episcopal, German Lutheran, and German MAethlodist, the last named being a recent comer fromn its former location near Muttonville, St. Clair Co. The Free Methodists had for a long time an organization in this village, also which, however, just at present is not active. The Catholic edifice is located in Lenox and a very pretty Rectory has also been built by the parish. One of the oldest of the religious organizations of the place is the Baptist Society. Previous to 1869, however, no formal organization was had, although meeting had for some time been held in private houses and in a smlall building afterwards used for the Lenox postoffice. The organization was effected June 15th, 1869, with Manson Farrar, Deacon,.II F. Douglas, Clerk, and D. Stewart, Treasurer, and a board of trustees made up of the above named officers and James Cooper and Harvey French. The following year in January the Sabbath-school was organized and later in the year steps taken to secure the erection of a suitable house of worship. This was completed on a lot given for that purpose by Mr. Gillett, February 25th, 1871. The society has pursued a continuous and generally successful career ever since. Among the early pastors were Rev. William Arlington, and Rev. Silas Finn. The several ministers of this church, as nearly as can be ascertained with the dates of their taking charge are as follows: S. Gardner in 1876; A. W. Gower, in 1877; E. E. Bayliss, in July, 1878; M. H. DeWitt, in October of that year; E. M. Stephenson, in September, 1879; Rev. Fairchild, in 1880; W. H. Rupert, in 1883; Rev. A. Snyder, in 1885; W. T. Osborn, in 1887; Rev. Win. Harr, in 1890; Dea. Arthur Day in 1892; Miss Vera Wadsworth, in 1892; Rev. A. Story, in 1894; W. H. Mills, May 16, 1897; F. 51I. Teller, in 1898; H. N. Marsales, in 1899, and the present pastor, Rev. C. M. Batty, in 1901. The German Evangelical Church of the village belongs to the Synod of North America and was established in Richmond in 1889. The Rev. E. L. K. Hagen took charge then with seventeen families associated with the new church. The church and parsonage were built that year. Mr. Hagen left in 1895 and Rev. R. E. Riemann, the present pastor, took charge of the church at the same time. He had formerly been an East India missionary for nine years. There are at present seventy-five families connected with the society, and a Sunday-school of from thirty to forty children is presided over by five teachers. The organization bears every evidence of being in a flourishing condition. Connected with this church is the Evangelical Trinity Church of Armada with twenty-five families associated, which was established in 1898, and as well the First German Evangelical Church of Adair, established in 1899, with thirty-one families attending. Ladies Aid Societies are organized in connection PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 669 with each of these churches, the one at Richmond numbering 23 members, that at Armada, eighteen, and the Adair society having seventeen members. The business affairs of the Richmond Church are looked after by a Church Committee appointed every three years. The present committee is made up of Charles Linke, Charles Piels, Charles Hagemeister, Williamn Baumglarten and Jos. 1arting. AImonon those prominent in maintaining this church in addition to those above named on the Committee are Ephraim Baumgarten, John IIirt, F. Gierk, P. E. Williams, A. Lindke, W. Woehlert, John WViher, Fr. R. Schurz, A. Dittmnann, and A. Matchin. Tuesday, September 26, 1871, the followers of the Congregational church in and about Richmond met at the office of Dr. D. G. Gleason, and there adopted the constitution of the First Congregational Society of Richmond. The members of the new organization numbered forty-five and they selected as their first Trustees: C. S. Knight, Seth Lathrop and E. M. Beebe. S. M. Stone was chosen Clerk and Mrs. C. S. Knight as Treasurer. In 1872 a church building was built on land given therefor by Seth Lathrop. The present building was erected in 1887. The ministers in charge of this church have been as follows: S...Bryant from 1872 to 1875; W. I. Hunt, 1875-77; Ebenezer Ireland, 1879 -81; Frank Bissell, 1881-82; Rev. Norris, 1882; Rev. Walley, in 1884; G. M. Franklin, in 1887; F. E. York, in 1888; D. A. Strong, in 1891; -I. R. Williamls, in 1893; S. A. Long, in 1896; I. Terbourgh, in 1899; Rev. Gadd, in 1903. In 1832 Daniel Hall invited Jere Norton and John Hicks to meet at his house for the first Methodist prayer meeting, which was led by Norton. During the sanie year Miss Mary Norton organized the first Sunday school, which was held in the house of John Hicks. The first sermon preached in the neighlborhood was the funeral sermon of Henry Stump in 1838. The Rev. R. R. Richards officiated at the services and the burial was in the rear of the late Sanford M. Stone's house. The first class in the Methodist Episcopal church was organized by the Rev. L. Whitney in 1839 and met in the log school house opposite James McCauley's house. From this time on services were held pretty regularly, up to 1844, usually at Daniel Hall 's, after that until 1847 at the log school house and later in the frame school house on the farm afterwards owned by Barclay Welding. In 1859 the M. E. Church building was constructed standing on the lot immediately west of the old West school building at a cost of $1,800.00. From here the church was moved to its present site and given quite extensive repairs in 1867. In 1871 a division in the church occurred and nearly one-half of the members withdrew and formed the Free Methodist Society. In 1881 a lot for a parsonage was purchased on which in 1882 the present residence was built. Since then the church itself has been thoroughly repaired and an addition put on, for which work liberal subscriptions were received at the time of the dedication of the renovated building, and the society was thus enabled to start free from debt upon a term of successful work, which is now being continued by the Rev. W. Geich. The Iligh School of Richmond was built in 1875 and has had for principals: H. F. Smith for three years, S. II. Briggs for three years, G. -I. Burgess for one year, E. L. Briggs for one year, A. E. Millett for three years, R. J. Crawford for nine years, J. M. Tice for two years, L. A. Suydan for three years, and W. L. Lee for five years. It is located in District No. 13 of the Township andl its value and the amounts paid for school purposes is included in the totals for the Township given elsewhere. There is now under way a plan for the consolidation of this district and the Lenox district (Fractional 12 of Lenox township) which has developed anew the ancient jealousy between the two ends of the village, and threatens to delay the erection of larger and more suitable quarters for the schools. At the time of writing the controversy has not been settled so as to beconme a part of history. Richmond has proven itself to be one of the most energetic and progressive of the villages of the County. It now has a population of about 1,300, and has besides the enterprises already mentioned, an opera house with seating capacity of about 500, a fine driving park, three grain elevators, a creamery, egg pickling works, a flour mill, fruit evaporators, and several smaller factories. It is well equipped with telegraph and telephone service and an unusual amount of public spirit and enterprise is displayed. Another thrifty village of Richmond is Memphis, although it lies also partly in St. Clair County. The locality was settled as early as 1835, the earliest families being the James Wells, Potter, Welch, Moore, Slater, Mansfield, and Bird. It was incorporated as a village in 1865, and now has a population 670 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY of about 650. It has three churches, Congregational, Methodist and Adventist. The Memphis Bee is published here, and the private bank of Fred G. Coburn, under the name of the Memphis Bank, attends to the financial interest of the town. Flouring mills and a grain elevator exist for the convenience of the neighboring farmers. When the postoffice was to be established in 1848 there was considerable discussion over the nane to be taken, the locality having up to that time been usually referred to as Well's Settlement. Bellview, because of the river on which the town is located, Riley, in honor of the Indian chief who, days gone by, had been prominent and well-known in the locality, and Birney, after James G. Birney, were among the names suggested and rejected for Memphis. As early as 1837 religious services were held here by Mrs. Chilson, a follower of the Methodist church, but it was not until at least a decade later that the Methodists had a church building of their own. The Congregational society was formed in 1840 at the house of Deacon A. Gilbert under the guidance of Rev. Seth Hardy of Romeo. Their house of worship was built in 1842 and their first pastor was Rev. Charles Kellogg. In 1839 a Baptist society was formed, made up largely of the Simmons, Smith and Eaton families. At one time the society owned a small meeting house in the southern part of the village but for many years has had no active existence. Oel Rix, who built a flour mill there in about 1840, was also the proprietor of the first store of the settlement. Dr. Sabin, the first physician of the locality, built a sawmill about the same time. Having railroad connection with Port Huron and none with the rest of Macomb County, and being partly in the former county, Memphis' business is largely directed northward rather than towards the balance of the County. The following tables of the population and assessed valuation of the township are prepared from the public records: POPULATION. 1840........................ 602 1845........................ 815 1.850........................1,000 1854........................1,263 1860........................1,685 1864......................1,484 1870.................... 2,182 1874........................2,105 1880...............2,613 1884........................2,524 1890........................2,485 1894........................2,385 1900................. 2,275 1904...................... 2,354 ASSESSED VALUATION. 1842..................$ 45,519.00 1846.................. 44,710.00 1851................. 47,161.00 1856.................. 217,613.00 1861................. 250,700.0 1866.................. 309,620.00 1871.................. 395,152.00 1876.................. 430,000.00 1881.................. 1,202,000.00 1886.................. 1,070,000.00 1891................. 1,100,000.00 1896.................. 1,080,000.00 1901................. 1,320,000.00 CHAPTER XXI. ARMADA TOWNSHIP AND VILLAGE. It is related that in the year 1832, a meeting was called at Armada Corners (later usually spoken of as Selleck's Corners) at the southern corners of sections 31 and 32, our present township of Armada, to consider the proposition of organizing a separate township. At this time, Armada, together with Richmond, formed a part of Ray. At this meeting, the organization was strongly opposed at first, but was later carried and at that time the name Armada was determined upon without any knowledge of its special meaning or its fitness. It was said to have been suggested by Hosea Northrup. In the legislative enactment creating the township, the name was spelled Armadia, but in later mentions of the township, the proper name Armada was used. The first township meeting was fixed at the house of Edmund Stewart, the first Monday of April, 1834. At this meeting, Henry B. TenEyck presided and Roswell W. Green acted as Clerk; Darius Sessions and Minot T. Lane acted as inspectors. At the election which followed, Alfred Goodell was chosen Supervisor; Leonard Lee, Clerk; Erastus Day, Eden Armstrong and Iddo Warner, Assessors; Edmund Stewart and Norman Burk, Overseers of the Poor; John Proctor, Chauncey Bailey and Hosea Northrup, Commissioners of Highways; Asa Palmer, Constable; Martin Buzell, Alfred Goodell, Asa Holman, Charles Farrar, School Inspectors; Joel Cartwright, Job Howell, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 671 Peter Woodbeck, Joseph C. Donaldson, A. Goodell, Benoni Knapp, and Nathaniel Carter, Overseers of Highways. These officers afford the names of many of the earliest settlers of the township. In addition should be named, however, Nathan Rowley, Neil Gray, Norman Perry, Ira Butterfield, Elisha 1). Andrews, Elijah Burk, Israel G. Belknap, Daniel Draper, and Aldrich. The (lovernment land survey of this township was made by William Preston, Deputy United States Surveyor, in March, 1817. This survey, starting at the corner of sections 35 and 36 on the south boundary of the township, first ran north to the north line of the township, thus passing through the site of the present village of Armada. The surveyor's memoranda regarding the land where now stands the village of Armada, was as follows: "Land first half mile second rate, rolling and dry, last half same; timber fallen, undergrowth thorn, plum briars, etc., March 15th, 1817. The descriptions given by the surveyor of the township generally, would indicate a low, level country somewhat wet, heavily timbered and second rate soil well watered with many streams having a general southern direction. The survey having been made in March, the melting snows and overflowing of streams undoubtedly aided in giving an unfavorable impression of the country and led to the soil being classed as second rate. This impression may have continued for several years, as the high rolling "oak openings" to the west were occupied by the home seekers for some time before the more fertile and productive soil of the township was taken up. Another reason that has been suggested for this order of selecting lands was the fact that the "oak openings," being lightly timbered and covered only with an underbrush, could be readily cleared and prepared for grain, and thus secure a quicker return to the settler. Then, too, the streams of Armada were sluggish, and being clogged by the fallen timber, the water was held back and covered the low lands, thus making the country appear more water soaked than it actually was. As a matter of fact, the township had no lakes, hills or marshes within its borders. "A slight elevated sand ridge thought to be an ancient lake beach entered the township near the southwest corner, and curving to the north, passed out near the northeast corner of section 24. An earth embankment of a fort like structure, supposed to have been the work of mound builders, stood on the bank of the large stream on section 18. As this was very near the section line, it seems strange that the surveyors were entirely silent as to its existence. The first settlers report walls of earth several feet (16) in height; that it ran along the bank of the river several rods, had apparently a gateway and the inclosure contained more than three acres. Two other structures of similar character were found in its vicinity, one on the northwest some two or three miles distant and one to the southwest less than two miles."' We quote further from Mr. Cannon's article on the Early History of Armada Township, published in the Armada Graphic in July of 1900. "In the now township of Armada, the first entry of Government land was made by John Proctor, Nov. 8, 1823. Mr. Proctor gave his residence as Livingston County, state of New York. The selection being for the southwest fractional quarter of section 31, comprising 121.91 acres. This appears to have been the only parcel of land bought of the Government in the township during that year. In 1824 there were but four who took up land in the town; these were Chauncey Bailey. Peter Daniels, Moses Freeman and Norman Perry. These entries were all on the western side of the town in sections 18 and 31. In 1825 Benoni Knapp and Job Howell, both of Ontario County, N. Y., were the only buyers. In 1827 Friend Marks of Macomb County, and Darius Sessions of Connecticut, were the only purchasers. In 1827 the numbers were increased to 10. These were Israel G. Belknap, Ilosea Northrup, James Starkweather, Benagen Tupper, John Finch and Charles Tupper, Peter Edgett, Sylvester and Darius Finch. Only two buyers in 1828. These were Chauncey Moore and Darius Sessions. In 1829 Peter Aldrich, Edmund and John Stewart, and Job Iowell were the only buyers. So slow was the town in settling that only seven entries of land were made in 1830. These buyers were Joseph and Peter Aldrich, Calvin S. White, Abram Northrup, John D. Armstrong, William Begole and Leonard Lee. In the following two years, 1831 and 1832, the number of buyers had greatly increased, and from thence on the lands were rapidly taken up, the rush being in 1833-36. The last parcel of land being sold to Norman Burk, Nov. 3, 1841, and was for the southeast 1/4 of southwest 1/ section 2. And only four others were buyers that year. These were 672 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY James Pountain, Abel Sumner, Holley Goyer and Oliver Strobridge. A number of women became holders of real estate in the town by securing titles direct from the government. Charlotte King and Anna Finch bought each a 40 on section 35 in 1834. Diana Lathrop bought an 80 on section 1 in 1836. Betsey Harrington secured a fractional lot of 91 acres on section 4 in 1836. Abigail Rowley bought a 40 on section 7 in 1833. Polly Burrington entered an 80 on section 9 in 1836. Susan Banister become the owner of 120 acres on section 4 in 1835. Melinda Chamberlin bought an 80 on section 14 in 1835. Betsey Andrews in 1835 bought a quarter of section 14. Catherine Smith and James Donaldson became the joint owners of 240 acres on section 18 in 1832. Lucy Knickerbocker bought an 80 on section 23 in 1834. Rhoda J. Belknapp in 1831 bought a fractional lot of 60 acres on section 31. Sarah Ann Conklin took up a 60 on section 13 in 1837. The largest land owner direct from the government was Elisha D. Andrews, who secured 760 acres, making his selections in sections 20, 21 and 22. Ile was from Monroe county, state of New York, and his first purchase was 160 acres in 1831 on section 22. Anson Pettibone bought 320 acres in sections 13 and 24 in 1833. Daniel F. Hunt secured 240 acres, Ira Phillips 270, Austin Day 199 acres, Elijah Burke, Jr., 200 acres. Amos Palmer, Blake Barrows and Waldo Barrows united in buying 240 acres on section 12 in 1836. Josiah C. Leech, of Livingston County, state of New York, bought 237 acres in 1832 on section 7. Ezekiel A. Osborn secured 269 acres on section 3 in 1833. There were 18 separate entries of 160 on fractional quarter sections made in the town, 8 of 120 acres and 126 entries of 80 acres or fractional 80's and 102 of 40 or fractional 40 acre lots. Two hundred and seventy-two separate entries in all by various purchases and all the government land had passed into the hands of private parties. These buyers were mostly eastern people and the states of New York, Pennsylvania, MIassachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey and Connecticut were represented, while a few gave their residence as the United States. Eighteen years had passed since the first selections of land had been made, and these were largely for homes, as it is believed that but few parcels were bought and held for speculative purposes. " John E. Day, in an article supplemental to Mr. Cannon's work, pointed out the fact that as the first settlers in Armada had come by the way or Romeo or Indian Village, as it was then called, it was natural that they should follow the "trail" running east from Romeo to St. Clair along which the mail was carried at that time once a week each way. It was along this trail that John Proctor evidently came when he was attracted by the point at the southwest corner of the township, near which Proctor's mill was later built. It will be noticed, too, that nearly all of the land buyers during the next few years were along the southern tier of sections in the township. Alfred Goodell, Sanford Corbin and Alvah Sibley in about 1831 settled a mile north of this "trail" in section 25. Coming from Romeo, they had passed the locations of Leslie, Day, Edget, Farrar, Warner and Howell, and passed the night with a man by the name of Belknapp, whose log cabin stood on the corner of section 29. They camped on the site of the house long owned by HIolley Goyer, and later by Dr. J. E. Barringer, where they were joined the next day by Goodell, who had brought his family to Romeo from Detroit a few days prior. The Goodells made a small clearing during the summer of 1832 and in the fall prepared for the erection of a story and a half house in the raising of which they were assisted by the neighbors. At this time a man by the name of Richards was the mail carrier between Romeo and St. Clair over what was called the Hoxie Trail. In the summer of 1832 the Butterfields located just north of the Goodells, and in the following winter Edwin Rose came. Elijah Burke came in April, 1833, and purchased the frame house started by Corbin, and in the following year Corbin returned to the settlement from Rochester, where he had been following his trade and started the mill, which in view of the remarkably good crop of the year 1833, proved a most useful addition to the district. In September, 1834, the Ridge Road was laid out by Burke and a few of his neighbors, which road later formed a part of the road from Port Huron to Romeo, and the corners where Burke himself is located came to be designated as Burke's corners, by which name the site of the village of Armada was for years known. The next few years Armada shared with the rest of Michigan inl the rapid growth of wild hopes of the times. A melancholy reminder of these hopes appears in the records of the Register of Deeds office, although all memory of it seems to have faded from the minds of even the oldest settlers of Armada. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 673 June 22d, 1837, John N. Draper platted the Village of Genoa, laying out 192 lots of fifty by one hundred feet. This village was supposed to be located in the northeast corner of the southwest quarter of section 6, but why it was conceived and why it never existed, except on paper, "deponent saith not."' In an old map in the writer's possession bearing date, 1859, the two localities in the township bearing specific names, were "Arinada Corners"' at the southern corner of sections 31 and 32 (later better known as Selleek's Corners) and Hloneoye, the name by which the present Armada village was known for a numbler of years. This name was selected, I believe, because of the desire of a number of the settlers in the locality to be reminded of their former home. The business directory of the place at that date included Dr. J. S. Smith, the Rev. S. E. Warren, H. B. Castle, E. F. Sibley, merchant; J. C. Snover, "horse farrier and saloonkeeper"; N. Barringer, blacksmith; J. W. Van Blaricun, carpenter; S. S. Stearns, M1. ).; A. Conger, W. Tibbitts, J. P. The village, although settled as early as 1830, and having a Post Office as early as 1843, was not incorporated until 1867, at which time the first village election was directed to be held January 14th, 1868, under the superintendence of William H. Clark, Jr., William E. Preston and Francis M. Grout. March 5th, 1885, the village was incorporated by special act of the Legislature, which, however, merely directed the continuation of the former officers, by-laws and entire village machinery, and continued the name under which the village had been incorporated by the Supervisors, Armada. The Presidents of the village have been as follows: Hiron Iathaway, F. M. Grout, Charles Lathrop, C. F. Corbin, John E. Barringer, William Preston, James Flowers, Hiram Barrows, David H. Barrows, L. IT. Lincoln, H. H. Spencer, Phillip B. Aldrich, Charles Andrews, Henry C. Aldrich, Sabin I. Stump, Wesley A. Dudley and Elton P. Cudworth. The first postmaster of the village was Solomon Lathrop, who had the office in the home of the Rev. Samuel A. Benton, then Congregational pastor. Later John P. Hall acted as distributer of the few letters that arrived until about 1848, when Charles A. Lathrop, the storekeeper, became postmaster, and for the first time, the office was kept in a public building. The village has steadily progressed, received several severe baptisms of fire, which have served to call forth handsomer and bet ter business places. The place now has a population of about 950 and has a hotel, bank, prosperous schools, water works, a weekly paper-Armada Graphic-Congregational, German Evangelical and Methodist churches. It is located on the air line division of the Grand Trunk System, and has express, telephone and telegraphic connections. David H. Barrows is the present postmaster. The Armada Savings Bank was founded in 1885 by Bert C. Preston. It was a private bank under the name of Banking House of Bert C. Preston. In March, 1901, it was reorganized as a state bank under the name of the Armada Savings Bank with a capital stock of $25,000.00. Its present corps of officers are Bert C. Preston, President; George H. Hebblewhite, Vice-President; J. E. Macauley, Cashier. The President, Vice-President, Frank E. Lathrop, of Armada, John L. Preston of Port Huron and James H. McDonald are the Board of Directors. The bank building, built in 1897 by Mr. Preston at a cost of nearly $4,000.00, is heated by furnace, well lighted, with a front of Ohio stone and terra cotta. It is well equipped with Mosler safe and vault and is one of the most up-to-date bank buildings in the county. The Armada Graphic, published by C. D. Macauley, is the representative of the press at this thriving village. It has enjoyed a successful career for a great many years under the ownership of H. J. Barrows. It has been preceded in Armada by the Telegraph, established in April, 1876, by A. F. Stone and by the Armada Index, established in 1874 by Edward H. Bentley. The Congregational Church of Armada was organized in September, 1838, by the Rev. John B. Shaw, then pastor of the Congregational Church at Romeo. Its charter muembers were Elijah Burke and Betsey Burke, Alvah and Mary C. Sibley, John P. and Keturah Hall, Betsey Beebe, Charlotte Millard and Robert Love. The following pastors have labored in this church since its organization: Rev. Luther Shaw, 1840-41; Rev. Samuel A. Benton, 1843-56; Rev. Luther Shaw, 1856-57; Rev. Samuel M. Judson, 1858-60; Rev. Robert G. Baird, 1862-75; Rev. Eben L. Hill, 1876-77; Rev. Thomas G. Pearce, 1877-78; Rev. A. H. Fletcher, 1879-80; Rev. J. F. Malcomb, 1880-81; Rev. Henry N. Bissell, 1881 -86; Rev. Enoch H. Burt, 1886-89; Rev. John H. Ashby, 1889-98; Rev. Hendrik Van Ommeren, 1898-1903; Rev. Jonathan Turner. since 1903. 674 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY THE ARMADA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The following account of that most successful and long-lived of agricultural affairs of the county-that organization which has afforded so many pleasant occasions for renewing old friendships and acquaintances not to mention opportunities for most successful and satisfactory electioneering-the Armada Fair, has been furnished to the writer by Dr. J. E. Barringer, who has been intimately connected with the Society since its founding: "The Armada Agricultural Society is the outgrowth of the Armada Farmers & Mechanics' Club of Armada Township, which was organized at the call of a few men, who thought to improve their occupation by free discussion of topics connected with their business. The organization was effected in 1870 with Hiron J. Hathaway, President; J. E. Barringer, Secretary; and Nathan Adams, Treasurer. Meetings were held monthly and a plowing match was held each year. The last two years of its existence as a club, a fair was held at the village of Armada, at which no entrance fee was charged, and no cash premiums were paid, simply a card to designate a preference. The officers the second year were the same as the first. The third year John Paton, Sr., was chosen President, and, upon the death of Mr. Adams, C. A. Lathrop succeeded him as Treasurer. In February, 1873, a meeting was held, respon, sive to a call of citizens for the purpose of forming an agricultural society upon a broader basis, and capable of becoming an incorporated body. All being favorably inclined, the object was effected, and the Armada Agricultural Society began its existence with Hon. Charles Andrews, President; H. H. Spencer, Vice-President; J. E. Barringer, Secretary; Charles A. Lathrop, Treasurer; and a board of directors as follows: George W. Phillips, W. D. Pettibone, Abner Lemon, James Crawford, Jabez Hebblewhite, J. F. Jackman, Erastus Day and Amasa Sutton. The first fair of the society was held on the Society's ground on the first week in October, 1873, and the society has held an annual fair since without a break, the last one being held the first week of October, 1904. "The Society is not a township institution as its name would seem to imply, but is open to entries and membership without regard to locality. It has no race track, and never has offered or paid any premiums for speed. In fact, it was organized and has been successfully operated as a purely agricultural fair without horse racing or any games of chance ever being allowed on its grounds, and always has maintained the liberal admission fee of twenty-five cents for each person each day. The beautiful grounds and commodious buildings are all the property of the Society in "fee simple," and all its promises are redeemed and its obligations paid. Presidents of the Society have been: Charles Andrews, John McKay, W. D. Pettibone, George A. Phillips, J. E. Barringer, Benjamin F. Proctor, Amos Finch, D. S. Youngs, James Davidson, 0. D. Pomroy, Henry Pratt. Secretaries: J. E. Barringer, George F. Adams, H. P. Barringer, A. J. Freeman and Orby Hulett." The first school house in Armada township was located on the lands of Col. Perry, near Armada Corners, built of logs put up by a "bee" and covered with timber donated by Noah Webster (not of dictionary fame). The next was also a log school house located near the house of Alfred Goodell. This was put up in 1836 to accommodate the school which prior to that time had been held in Mr. Goodell's barn by Miss Harriett Perkins. About this same time, a school was erected in the village with slabs standing endwise spiked to a frame made of poles. The first teacher in this was a Miss Day from Massachusetts, who evidently was discouraged by the hardships and disadvantages of the pedagogic profession in Michigan and soon returned to her native state. George Lathrop taught in this school house in 1838 or 1839, and was followed by Miss Amelia Bancroft and Joseph Goodell. Charles A. Lathrop also taught here at a somewhat later period. In 1843, the Rev. S. E. Benton from Vermont established a private school at his house in teaching which he was assisted by Dr. J. P. Gleason. The Rev. Eleazer W. True also opened a private school in a building erected for that purpose in the southeasterly part of the village which was conducted successfully from about 1848 to 1853. The Rev. Mr. True continued to live in Armada until his death in 1874. The old school house in the village soon gave way to a frame building, and was later superseded by a brick building and the growing demands of the schools have always been promptly met by the inhabitants, who were the descendants of that class of Americans who have ever appreciated the benefits of an education. The ten school districts of Armada township have property estimated worth $7,700.00, and expended during the year of 1904-05, $3,544.00 in teachers' wages. Eight or nine months school is held in each of the Districts. The Directors of the various districts for the past PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 675 year have been as follows: E. J. Proctor, H. E. Curtis, E. A. Hewett, Frank Millard, A. H. Stephens, E. F. Phillips, Daniel O. Pomeroy, Peter Chatron, Ferdinand Ebeling and Adelbert Lewis. A History of Armada without further mention of Elijah Burke would be sadly incomplete. He was born in Mexico, New York, June 13th, 1807, and removed to the site of the present Armada village in 1833. His brother, Norman Burke, had preceded him nearly two years. He was married in December, 1829, to Betsey A. Burdick, a native of Cayuga County, New York. Mr. Burke was active in all that would forward the interest of a new settlement; at his home was held the first religious services in the neighborhood, and he was ever a willing helper in the Sabbath School and temperance movements, and in whatever he felt would redound to the moral growth of the community. He was held in high esteem and sincere affection by his neighbors. He died at his home in Armada in 1848. The Supervisors of the township have been Alfred Goodell, 1833-35; Minot T. Lane, 1836 -39; Solomon Lathrop, 1840-43; Norman Perry, 1844-51; Darius Sessions, 1852-53; Norman Perry, 1854-55; Warren Tibbetts, 1856 -58; Charles Andrews, 1859-63; Erastus Day, 1864-5; George E. Burke, 1866; Hiram Barrows, 1867-8; Gideon Draper, 1869; Charles Andrews, 1870-2; Gideon Draper, 1873; Holly Goyer, 1874-79; Charles Andrews, 1880-91; Harvey P. Edwards, 1892-95; Charles H. Castle, 1896-1905. The Clerks of the township have been: Leonard Lee, 1834; Chauncey Bailey, 1835 -36; James Flower, 1837; Urial Day, 1838-39; Ira Selleck, 1840; Charles W. Chamberlain, 1841; James McCracken, 1842; Charles W. Chamberlain, 1843; James McCracken, 1844 -45; Andrew Ward, 1846-51; George Andrews, 1852-53; Andrew Ward, 1854-55; Winfield Wisner, 1856; Charles A. Lathrop, 1857; Crawley P. Drake, 1858; Winfield Wisner, 1859; Nathan Adams, 1860; Michael R. Weir, 1861; Nathan Adams, 1862-64; Henry C. Aldrich, 1865-66; George McClusky, 1867; Perrin C. Goodell, 1868-70; Charles A. Snover, 1871; James E. Vincent, 1872; David H. Barrows, 1873-75; Robert B. Vibbert, 1876; George F. Adams, 1877-82; S. B. Shaw, 1883; D. H. Barrows, 1884-86; Harvey P. Edwards, 1887-91; Edward W. Sutton, 1892-3; Hiram J. Barrows, 1894-95; Edward W. Sutton, 1896-1905. The Treasurers of the township have been: Asa Palmer, 1834; George T. Powell, 1835; J. S. Becraft, 1836; Abner Barrington, 1837 -38; Minot T. Lane, 1839; Sanford H. Corbin, 1840; Joseph C. Donaldson, 1841; Elijah Burke, 1842-44; Samuel Wizner, 1845-50; Perrin C. Goodell, 1851-52; John Johnson, 1853; David T. Pratt, 1854-57; Thomas M. Gould, 1858; Benjamin F. Kellam, 1859; Daniel D. Dunham, 1859; Dounee D. Dunham, 1860; Crowley P. Drake, 1861; H. H. Spencer, 1862; Burton W. Seeley, 1863; Beach G. Whitney, 1864; Burton W. Seeley, 1865 -67; Thomas Proctor, 1868-9; Michael R. Weir, 1870-71; George F. Adams, 1872-3; John E. L. Barringer, 1874-5: David H. Barrows, 1876-7; Elisha D. Lathrop, 1878-9; David H. Barrows, 1880-82; H. J. Barrows, 1883; B. C. Preston, 1884-5; Sabin I. Stump, 1886-87; Oratus Hulett, 1888; Bert C. Preston, 1889; Horace P. Barringer, 1890; Oscar D. Pomeroy, 1891-2; Carlton Mt. Partch, 1893-4; Charles H. Castle, 1895; Elton P. Cudworth, 1896-7; Herman Tietz, 1898-99; Fred Hebblewhite, 1900-01; Charles E. Lathrop, 1902-03; Hiram J. Barrows, 1904; Harvey P. Edwards, 1905. The population of the township as per census returns has been as follows: 1837........................1001 1840....................... 652 1845........................1069 1850........................1146 1854........................1415 1860........................1488 1864....................... 1316 1870........................1722 1874........................1552 1880........................1793 1884........................1701 1890........................1770 1894........................1796 1900........................1933 1904........................1976 The assessed valuation of the property the township as equalized by the Board Supervisors has been as follows: of of 1842 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 $ 59,617.00 62,000.00 67,508.00 380,193.00 386,405.00 400,329.00 430,290.00 445,000.00 1,122,000.00 1,040,000.00 1,035,000.00 676 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 1896............... 960,000.00 1901................ 1,130,000.00 CHAPTER XXII. THE TOWNSHIP OF RAY. This township was named, it is recorded, by Noah Webster, one of its earliest settlers, after the Latin namre of a river in Europe, Rhea. The Latin spelling was evidently early abandoned, since we find it Ray in the act of 1827 establishing the township and directing the first town meeting to be held in the house of Noah Webster, the alleged christener of the new township. This meeting was held May 28th, 1827, and at it Reuben R. Smith was called to preside and Edmund Steward was made clerk of the meeting. The result of the election that followed showed Smith elected Supervisor and Steward Clerk. The other officers elected at this time were: Chauncey Bailey, William Stephens and John Proctor, Assessors; Norman Perry, Job Howell, and Nathaniel Thomson, Commissioners; Moses Freeman, Constable and Collector; Joseph Chubb, Sr., William Hall and Josiah Ilamblin, Overseers of the Poor; Joseph Chubb and Chauncey Bailey, fence viewers; Job Howell and Joseph Chubb, path masters. The government survey of this township was made in February, 1817, by William Preston, Deputy United States Surveyor, and the impressions of the surveyor of the town and also an account of the first land-buyers has been collated by George TI. Cannon, as follows: Its surface was level and densely timbered, no lakes or hills were found and no marshes or waste land; many small streams flowing southward gave a plentiful supply of water, and everything would appear to make it desirable for settlement except its heavy growth of forest trees which abounded everywhere in stately trunks of tall and thick growth. These may well have appalled the stoutest heart and most resolute to conquer. We will copy from the field book of the surveyor his notes of a few section lines taken at random at various portions of the township. In going north from the corner of sections 31 and 32 on the south boundary at 40 chains he set a post for quarter section corner, his witness trees were a sugar maple 12 inches in diameter and a white oak 30 inches. At 46 chains he came to a marsh which was 16 rods wide. at 66 chains and 50 links he marked a maple for a witness tree, which was 30 inches in diameter and at 80 chains he established the corner for sections 29, 30, 31 and 32. This corner is now the center of the village of Davis. Of the land on this mile, he says: Land good second rate, timber, white oak, ash, elm, lynn, sugar and beech, with undergrowth of spice, prickly ash, ironwood and beech. In running west from this corner at 58.46 chains, he marked a white oak tree three feet in diameter for a line tree, and at 63.70 chains he passed a run 8 links wide running south and at 70.20 chains he came to the west boundary 95 links south of the corner. The soil on this mile he calls good second rate, with timber same as before. We turn now more to the interior of the town and go north between sections 22 and 23, and at 80 chains he set a post in a willow marsh, where was a run 3 links wide, course east, for the corner of sections 14, 15, 22 and 23. He calls this land good second rate, with timber of oak, beech, sugar and ehl, undergrowth of prickly ash and beech. We will now go east between sections 15 and 22. At 29.10 chains he found a creek which was 66 links wide, course south, at 80 chains he intersected the east boundary of the section 52 links south of the corner. This land he calls very good second rate, with sugar tree, ash, beech, lynn and elm timber, undergrowth of sugar beech and spice. North on line between sections 5 and 6 at 10 chains a run, 3 links wide, course east at 24 chains a creek 50 links wide running east, alongside same, at 32.50 chains, the same course northeast at 85.57 intersected the north boundary of the town 6 links from the corner on same. Land good second rate, timber, beech, sugar, ash, white oak and lynn, undergrowth beech, ironwood, plum and hawthorn. This was the last mile run in the township by the method then in vogue in subdividingo a town, and the date given was February 17th, 1817. The area of the township was found to be 22,763 acres and costing the government much less than one cent per acre for its survey. On its surface a thick growth of timber everywhere abounded. growing rank and tall on a clay, loamy soil. very rich, it was all of the deciduous variety and not in all its borders were found any of the conifer species. Beech, hard and soft mnaple, oak, lynn, black and white ash, with much elm interspersed, were the main varieties of timber prevalent. The land was in due time offered for sale by proclamation of the President of the United States, the land office for this district being located at Detroit. The first parcel of land sold in the township was conveyed to Reuben R. Smith, who gave PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 677 his residence in Macomb county, his selection being the east half of the southeast quarter of section 6, January 7th, 1824. Only three others selected and bought land in that year -Joseph Chubb, October 14th; Nathaniel Thompson, October 18th and Josiah Lee, November 3d. In 1825 sixteen persons made their selections of land, nine in 1826, ten in 1827, five in 1828, one in 1829 and fourteen in 1830. From this date on the buyers were frequent, many taking up land in 1831, the rush being in 1835-6 and 7. The last parcels of land sold by the government in the town were taken by Green Freeman in section 25, and by Henry R. Mizner in section 13 on February 13th, 1853. It will be seen that in less than thirty years all of the government land in this township had passed into the hands of private parties. The buyers were mostly young m1en and their holdings were acquired for the purpose of building up homes, but very few, if any, of the selections, were held for speculative purposes, and were generally in small parcels of forty or eighty acre tracts. The largest land buyer was Joseph Chubb, who bought 640 acres, section 22 entire. James Thompson bought 560 acres, Nathaniel Thompson 480, Andrew Sotherland, John Inman, Jr., Joseph Durfee, Jr., each 400 acres; Joel Thompson and Noah Webster 320 acres each, Benjamin N. Freeman, Hiram H. Lillibridge, William Gass and Lewis Davis 240 acres each; while eleven bought 160 acres each, a large number buying 80 and 40 acre tracts. Several women evidenced their faith in the future prosperity of the town by acquiring title to a considerable portion of its real estate. Clarissa Bump bought in section 1, Lois S. Holman in section 4, Lydia Garvin in sections 14 and 21, Naomi Southerland and Huldah Hall bought in section 25, Almira Tuttle in section 26, Polly Owens in section 27, Irene Bates in section 30, Margaret McGregor in section 32, Lydia Stone in section 33, Elizabeth Jones and Susannah Roberts bought in section 35. The majority of the settlers came from central New York and from the counties of Genesee, Ontario, Yates, Monroe, Greene, Seneca, Livingston and Niagara. One hailed from New Hampshire and one gave his residence as state of Virginia. Two came from Washington county, Rhode Lsland. One from New York city and one from Upper Canada. As a matter of interest it will be of value to note the names and year in which the first owners secured their title to the lands in this township. Section 1 was taken by Stillman Goff in 1827, John Perry in 1831, Silas Nye and Maxwell Bray in 1833, Clarissa Bump and William Pratt in 1835, Nelson Perry in 1836, Richard Case in 1837, and Benjamin C. McArthur in 1839. Section 2 was secured by Sanford Wood in 1827, William Giddings in 1830, N. M. Millspaugh and Miriam Titus in 1831 and 1834, Andrew Southerland in 1832, William G. Hathaway in 1835. Section 3 was patented to William R. Hicks, Lewis S. Holmes and Moses R. Smith in 1831, Charles Marble, Jr., in 1833, Cyrus Hewitt in 1834, Daniel Hewitt and John McKinster in 1835. Section 4 was bought by Seamans Filmore and Arnold Lanfier in 1830, Lois S. Ilolman and Benjamin L. Perkins in 1831, Benjamin Proctor, John M. Crawford and Seamans Filmore in 1832. Section 5 was taken by Benjamin N. Freeman in 1826, Isaac Thompson in 1827, Benjamin and Aaron Howard in 1830, Horace Dowd and Noah Webster in 1831. Section 6 was bought by Reuben R. Smith in 1824, Benjamin N. Freeman, Reuben Smith, Noah Webster, Edmund Stuart and Daniel Evans in 1825, Anson Rowley in 1827 and John Proctor in 1829. Section 7 was taken by Rufus Hall in 1826, Simon King in 1827, Benjamin Proctor in 1828, Noah Webster in 1830, Anson Bristol, Anson Rowley and Isaac Stone in 1831. Section 8 went to Nathaniel Thompson in 1824, Charles Redway and William Hall in 1825, William H. Baker in 1826, Carpus Redway and Benjamin Proctor in 1828, and to James Thompson in 1830. Section 9 was selected by Nathaniel Thompson in 1824, William Hall in 1825, John M. Crawford in 1830, Jeremiah Jewel, Andrew and David Southerland in 1831. Section 10 was patented to Andrew Southerland in 1831, David B. Bennett and Stephen Smith in 1834, Daniel Hewitt, Franklin Moore, Joel Thompson and D. S. Perry in 1835, and to Hiram King in 1838. Section 11 went to. Alexander Southerland in 1826, Andrew Southerland in 1831, Elisha Corby in 1832, Abner W. Benton and James Steward in 1835 and to Joel Thompson and James Steward, 1836. Section 12 was sold to Alexander Southerland in 1825, William Giddings in 1832, Thomas F. Dryer and William Giddings in 1836, William M. Vallet in 1837, and to Richard Case in 1844. Section 13 was bought by Nehemiah Cole in 1832, Joseph M. Caldwell and Newell S. Cole in 1833, Joseph M. Caldwell in 1834, Carleton N. Brown in 1835-6, Azariah Prentis in 1836, Seyman Young and Orlando B. Skibs in 1837, and to Henry R. Mizner in 1853. Section 14 went 678 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY to James Colwell in 1832, Simon Perry, Lydia Garvin, Abner W. Benton and Nehemiah L. Cole in 1835, and to William M. Milley and Orasmus Lathrop in 1836. Section 15 was taken by Josiah Lee in 1824, Joshua Price in 1827, James Thompson and Samuel Butterfield in 1832 and 1835. Section 16 was bought of the state by A. Freeman in 1839, S. Stone, A. Miller, M. T. Howell, F. Hiff in 1842, P. Miller and D. and Josiah Lee in 1842 and N. Gray, Jr., in 1845. Section 17 was bought by Nathaniel Thompson and Elijah Stone in 1826, Dennison R. Rose in 1827, James Thoimpson in 1828 and 1831, and Heman Nye in 1831. Section 18 was sold to John R. Perry and John D. Smith in 1830, Thomas Mitchell, John Dicken, Valentine Lamb, Milton H. Webster and John Inman, Jr., in 1831, and to Anson Bristol in 1832. Section 19 was obtained by Silas Hayden and Abraham T. Powell in 1825, Mayor Webster in 1826, John Ferguson, James Collins, John Inman, Jr., Bissell Robinson and Philander Miller in 1831. Section 20 was sold to Zelotus Stone in 1826, Willianm A. Milley, John Inman, Jr., Benjamin Miller and Heman Nye in 1831. Section 21, Isaac Monford bought in 1827, Edward Arnold in 1831, Nathaniel Garvin and Henry Morris in 1832, Simon Stone, Theophilus Stone and Samuel Inman in 1833, Lydia Garvin in 1835 and Theophilus Stone in 1836. Joseph Chubb bought entire section 22 in 1824-5. Section 23 was sold in 1835 to William J. Loucks, Martin Priestly, LyYman Wheeler, Joel Thompson, Wilson W. Miller: in 1836 Ira S. Perry, U. C. Smith and Elisha B. Strong. Section 24 was taken by Rous Card and John Miller in 1835, Azariah Prentis, Dennis Turner, Daniel Lee, Samuel Meek and Jonathan T. Flint in 1836; B. C. Southerland in 1851 and William Armstrong in 1852. Section 25 was sold to Huldah Hall, David B. Tuthill and Charles Wykoff, Norton Wykoff in 1835; Richard Breed, Hiram Roberts, Walden King and Royal W. Jenney in 1836; Naomi Southerland in 1852 and to Green Freeman in 1853. Section 26 was patented to William H. Drake, William McCurdy and James Jones in 1837; Steward Taylor, Ovid Allen, John F. Seaman, Urban C. Smith, William Tuttle, Simon W. Newberry, Harvey S. Higgins, Josiah Parks and Almira Tuttle in 1836, and to William Richards in 1845. Section 27 was conveyed to John Matthews, William Stevens and Samuel Everets in 1825; Robert Warner in 1832, Urban C. Smith, Thomans G. Omans in 1835, to William M. Milley, Polly Omans and Lewis Curtis in 1836. Section 28 was secured by Henry Morris in 1831, William Gass in 1832, and to Jacob Shermnerhorn and William Gass in 1833; to Marvin Stone in 1835, and to Edwin Jerome in 1836. Section 29 was sold to John Inman, Jr., in 1831, John Gass, Jr., in 1832, William Gass, John J. Steel, Thomas Payne and William Gass in 1833. Section 30 was bought by Eli H. Webster in 1826, Isaac Milley and Edward Arnold in 1830, Daniel Wilber in 1831, and Irene Bates in 1832. Section 31 was taken by Lewis Davis in 1830, Norman Rowley, Levi Hoard and Austin Rowley in 1833, Alden Fenneer and Edwin Arnold in 1834. Section 32 was sold to Joseph Durfee, Jr., in 1827-8-30, Margaret McGregor in 1832, Lewis Davis in 1834-51. Section 33 was patented to Nicholas Johnson and Jacob E. Shermerhorn in 1833, Samuel Hoxie, Joseph Durfee, Joseph Durfee, Jr., and Lydia Stone in 1835, Daniel IMcGregor and William Lyons in 1836. Section 34 was sold to William Warner in 1833, John F. Seaman, Hezekiah DeGraff, Hyman H. Lillibridge and Newell Durfee in 1835, and to Elijah Anderson in 1836. Section 35 was entered by Nelson R. Holdridge in 1831, Russell Roberts, Austin Holdridge, Beverly Robinson, Henry Polkinhone and William Warner in 1835, Elizabeth Jones, Jacob Searnans, Susannah Roberts and Win. Warner in 1836, and to Benj. B. Kercheval in 1837. Section 36 was bought by Jacob A. Crawford, Davis Crawford, Nelson R. IHoldridge and Ira Crawford in 1831, Stephen C. Crawford in 1834, David B. Tuttle, Stephen, Daniel C., Enoch and Jacob A. Crawford in 1835. Certainly our worthy President of today would not have been uneasy about race suicide had he contemplated the families of the early settlers of Ray. The town was fortunate in the large number of its land buyers who became its residents, and also in the sturdy, vigorous stock from which they came. The heavy task of clearing off the heavy timber and making homes and fertile farms was undertaken with right good will and carried through to a most successful issue. Among the largest families among these early settlers was that of the Rev. Jonathan E. Davis, who settled near, and after whom was named Davis. His nine sons have honored his name and scattered it through the county and elsewhere. It would be interesting to be able to give a more detailed account of the family such as can be given of another of Ray's old families. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 679 TIlE GASS FAMILY, who have long pursued the admirable practice of holding annual family reunions. As many as forty years ago at least began the custom of the children of John Gass to meet annually at the old hotel at Davis, and there revive the inemory of their childhood days and friends. As time went on the gatherings widened until at their meeting now all as expected, and few others allowed, can boast of having in their veins the blood of John (ass, or who have married into the Gass family. In 1902, three hundred and ten persons gathered at the reunion and not to exceed five of them were "'outsiders.'" The meetings have always been held in Ray with one exception. A formal organization has been perfected the better to secure the attendance of all, and the last Wednesday in August is set for the annual round-up of the family. At present Watson W. Lyons is the President, Andrew J. Gass, the Vice-President, and East Gass, the Secretary of the association. Up until 1902 there had always been present at least one of the sons of the founder of the famlily, but death has chosen his victims since and in 1904, not one of the first generation, either sons, daughters or their spouses, were left to gather with the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. As nearly all of these have been residents of Ray part of their lives at least the families of the children of John Gass are here detailed: John Gass, the father, was born in 1776, and came to Ray in July, 1837, from Greene County, New York, and located in section 30. Here he died December 17th, 1864. is children numbered fourteen, all of whom except one lived to maturity and caime to Macoimb county, and usuallvy miarried there and founded homes here after marriage. Duncan, the oldest son, married Hannah Goodsell, sister of Dr. Goodsell of Chesterfield; Lydia, the oldest daughter, married Asel Whitconmb and became the ancestor of the large Whitcoimb family of Ray. The names of the other children and their mates will recall to those familiar with Ray naimes, many of its prominent residents. Jemima married John Dicken of Ray (father of William Dicken, once County Clerk), Williaim, Phidelia Chapinain; John, Mlargaret Stitt, daughter of Andrew Stitt, who came to Washington, this county, in 1825; Jane married John Inman; Eleanor, Bissell Robinson; and George, Rachel Johnston. Nelson married the sister of Squire Wm. M. Willey, another head of one of Ray's large families. Three of the daughters evidently had similar tastes, for they each found in a Lyons her affinity, the three married three brothers. Eliza married William Lyons and became the mother of Watson W. Lyons, Mrs. Mary E. Bartlett of Romeo and Rebecca Wiers of Davis; Harriet selected Elias Lyons, the father of Wilson, IMunson and Lawson Lyons; while Clarissa chose Sanford Lyons. James, the youngest of the family, married Valoria, daughter of Orsel Dudley of. Washington. The many small rapid running streams in the town afforded inviting water-power for saw and grist mills, and the earlier days saw several very successful mills. Probably the oldest grist mill was the Gray mill in section six, where Dr. Neil Gray started and long ran a most successful mill, starting at an early day. In the days of the old plank roads this was a shipping point for flour into which large amount of the wheat of the surrounding country had gone. Dr. Gray was one of the firm of Gray Bros., who also so successfully operated mills in Washington, Bruce and also in Oakland county. Later the mill was run only for the purpose of preparing buckwheat flour. Since about 1890 it has not been run. Another old mill was the Proctor mill in the extreme northwest corner of the town. Another mill, started in early days, which has not merely held its own, but has led the way in improvements and progress, is the mill now owned and operated by Fred B. Wolcott on section 16. This was built by Freeman, and has been operated, among others, by John Sniith, Noriman Crawford, and Frank Ritter, between its start and its becoming the property of the present owner. It is now fitted with the most improved machinery for making the best flour and is in every way an upto-date flouring mill and does a business in quantity and quality that justifies the judgment of its owner. Among the saw mills were the one built and long run by Robert Warner and IHezekiah DeGroff, two and a half miles east from Davis; the Plank Road Mill at Davis was for a long time operated almost solely for the purpose of furnishing the plank for the Mt. Clemens and Romeo Plank Road; and the Shafer Mill at Ray Center. Among the other localities in the town that have borne special names and played their parts in the life of the people there are Selleck's corners on the north town line, a mile east of the northwest corner of the town, where Uncle John Selleck kept his popular tavern; Dicken's Corners at the junction of 680 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the two Plank Roads that traversed the town; Ray Center, where another of the famous taverns flourished in stage coach days, and with the passing of the cause of their being, have fallen to less interesting uses, or to utter disuse; Ray Exchange, a mile further east, the site of another of those hotels, and Davis. This last named place was for a long time called Brooklyn, a name selected because the people found it difficult to choose between the names of the two prominent settlers of the neighborhood, John Gass and Jonathan E. Davis. When a postoffice came to be established there the former name had to be abandoned to escape duplicating the postoffice name. Here was located the plank road mill and around that and the general store that has been located there for many years has grown up a little village. Here are now located the general store of Giddings, Wright & Co., which carries a stock probably not surpassed in size by any in the county, the furniture stock of S. M. Whitcomb, the hardware store of Mclnnis, a shoe and harness shop, a saw and feed mill of East Gass, and a tile yard, besides several dwellings and a church edifice (Methodist), where the Rev. Wm. B. Weaver holds service. The first church building in Ray was built in 1839 for the Close Communion Baptist Society. Their first settled minister was William Tuttle, and among its first members were Andrew Southerland, Russell Roberts, Hiram Roberts and Josiah Parks. The Baptist church proper was organized in 1837. The first Congregational church in Ray was organized February 13th, 1838, by the Rev. Philander Baber of Romleo, at a meeting held at the house of David Stone, its elected Clerk. The members who joined at that time were David Stone and wife, William Stone, Theophilus Stone, Zelottes Stone, Orrilla Welton, Orsamus Lathron and wife, Thomas E. Dryer and Carlos W. Brown. The first adult white person known to have been buried in Ray was the wife of Joseph Chubb, on January 9th, 1827. Edgar Freeman was the first male child, and Lucinda Chubb the first female child born of white parents. The first school house erected in Ray was a log one in 1834, near the spot now known as Ray Center. From this humble origin the schools of Ray have grown until in 1904 in the eight districts, $3,436.16 was expended in the cause of education, $2,176.25 of it being for teachers' wages. Out of the 332 included in the school census, 232 were enrolled during 1904 and attended at least part of the eight or nine months' school held in each district. The houses are, as a rule, in excellent condition and the support given the schools bear witness to the devotion of its inhabitants to the cause of education, the estimated value of school property being $5,600.00. The population of the township as appears by each state and national census taken is as follows: 1837....................... 786 1840........................ 805 1845........................1,166 1850........................1,232 1854........................1,355 1860...................... 1,544 1864...................... 1,490 1870....................... 1,556 1874....................... 1,495 1880...................... 1,538 1884................ 1,453 1890........................1,404 1894.....1..................1,412 1900.................. 1,363 1904....................... 1,307 As something of a guide to the increase in the value of the property of Ray, a table of the assessed valuations as equalized by the Board of Supervisors of the county for the various years is given below: 1842..................$ 59,856.00 1846.................. 58,507.00 1851.................. 63,353.00 1856.................. 391,781.00 1861.................. 359,930.00 1866.................. 366,700.00 1871................. 388,440.00 1876.................. 380,000.00 1881................ 894,000.00 1886................. 790,000.00 1891................. 810,000.00 1896................ 785,000.00 1901.................. 850,000.00 The Supervisors of the township with their times of service have been: Reuben R. Smith, 1827-38; County Commissioners, 1838 -43; Charles Marble, 1839-40; Josiah Lee, 1840; Alexander Tackles, 1842-43; Neil Gray, 1843-44; Jacob A. Crawford, 1844-45; Reuben R. Smith, 1845-46; Jacob A. Crawford, 1846-48; John M. Crawford, 1848-49; Jonathan E. Davis, 1849-50; John M. Crawford, 1850-51; Charles Marble, 1851-52; John M. Crawford, 1852-54; Joel Thompson, 1854-55; Hiram Barrows, 1855-56; Joel Thompson, 1856-58; Deliverance S. Priest, 1858-59; Elias W. Lyons, 1859-60; Joel Thompson, 1860-61; Deliverance S. Priest, 1861-62; John M. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 68I Crawford, 1862-63; Deliverance S. Priest, 1863-70; Ezra Nye, 1870-81; Watson W. Lyons, 1881-83; Allen HIazelton, 1883-4; D. S. Priest, 1884-86; Milo W. Davis, 1886-91; Albert McGregor, 1891-93; M. W. Davis, 1893 -95; A. N. MceGregor, 1895-96; Geo. W. Downs, 1896-1903; Chester Chubb, 1903-05. The Clerks for the same time were: Edmund Steward, 1827-29; Noah Webster, 1830 -35; Duncan Gass, 1836; David Stone, 1837 -39; W. MI. Willey, 1840; Josiah T. Robinson, 1841; W. MI. Willey, 1842; David Stone, 1843; Oran Freeman, 1844-45; Joseph Sutherland, 1846; William \I. Lee, 1847-48; Joel Thoimpson, 1849-51; Daniel F. Lake, 1852-53; William AM. Lee, 1854; Joseph Chubb, 1855; John Tewksbury, 1856; Oran Freeman, 1857-58; Joel Thompson, 1859; John W. Goodell, 1860; Ezra Nye, 1861-64; Wesley W. Willey, 1865 -66; Ezra Nye, 1867-70; Norman Crawford, 1871; William L. Dicken, 1872; Norman Crawford, 1873; William L. Dieken, 1874-76; Norman Crawford, 1877-78; Milo W. Davis, 1879-86; 0. N. Devereaux, 1886-7; W. F. Switzer, 1887-88; Geo. W. Downs, 1888-90; A. G. Bottomiley, 1890-91; F. L. Chubb, 1891 -92; Geo. W. Downs, 1892-96; T. R. Andrews, 1896-98; Wnl. S. DeWitt, 1898-99; Chester Chubb, 1899-03; Dayton Mclnnis, 1903-05. The Treasurers for the same time were: Moses Freeman, 1827; Norman Perry, 1828 -9; Carpus Redway, 1830; William Hall, 1831; Apollos A. Fuller, 1832; Norman Perry, 1833; Eli H. Webster, 1834-36; Elijah Stone, 1837 -38; Wilson W. Miller, 1839-40; Benjamin Miller, 1841; David Sutherland, 1842; Joseph Sutherland, 1843; Elijah Stone, 1844; Orsamus Lathrop, 1845-46; Elias W. Lyons, 1847 -48; James H. Sutton, 1849; Thomas G. Omans, 1850; James Gass, 1851; Robert Sutherland, 1852-53; John Goodell, 1854; John E. Butterfield, 1855; Nelson Gass, 1856; Charles Fillmore, 1857; Elias Stone, 1858; Elias L. Stone, 1859; William L. Dieken, 1860; Elias L. Stone, 1861; Win. D. Thompson, 1862; 1Myron Thompson, 1863-64; Wesley W. Willey, 1865; Nelson Gass, 1866; R. M. Stitt, 1867-68; George W. Garvin, 1869-70; Russell B. Bratton, 1871-72; Daniel T. Chubb, 1873 -74; Orrin J. Gass, 1875; Volney N. Arnold, 1876-77; Eugene W. Miller, 1878; Myron Thompson, 1879; Eugene W. Miller, 1880-81; William H. Freeman, 1887-88; Czar D. Thompson, 1888-90; E. N. Miller, 1890-91; Albert Schnover, 1891-93; Archie M. Chubb, 1893-95; J. W. Davis, 1895-97; David Cudworth, 1897-99; Alex Mclnnis, 1899-01; Czar D. Thompson, 1901-03; John Klopstock, 1903 -04; Horace Newberry, 1904-05. An institution which since its home is now located in Ray, properly belongs in the history of this township, is the Macomb Lodge No. 64 of the Free and Accepted Masons. Ray alone, however, has not exclusive claim to this lodge since it was first organized in Macomb township, and( has drawn to its support Masons from all the neighboring towns. The first communication of Macomb Lodge No. 64, F. & A. M., under dispensation, was held at the house of D. Benjamin in Macomb township, April 29th, 1853. The first hall occupie(d was the third story of the hotel at Macomb corners on the Plank Road, Macomb township, and the first communication in the hall was held December 12th, 1853. The charter of Macomb Lodge No. 64, F. & A. M., was granted January 13th, 1854. About the year 1862 Macomb Lodge No. 64 purchased of Barlow Davis the frame building on the northeast corner of section 31, Ray township, in the village of Brooklyn (now Davis). This building was burned May 14th, 1873, but the lodge records were not destroyed. The lodge very soon set about erecting the two-story frame building on the same ground, which Macomb Lodge still owns and occupies. Following are the names of the Masters of Macomb Lodge and the years in which they served: A. P. Bentley, 1853-54-55-56; John Nichols, 1857; Barlow Davis, 1858 and 1866; J. E. Davis, 1859; Charles Bennett, 1860 and 1862; G. W. Knapp, 1861; A. Lincoln, 1863; Henry Bennett, 1864-65-67-69-70-71-72-73-74 -75-76-77-79-83-84-85 and 86; C. F. Apling, 1868; A. E. Collins, 1878-80-81 and 82; E. R. Wilcox, 1887-88-89-90 and 91; C. E. Giddings, 1892-93-94-95-99 and 1900; A. M. Grinnell, 1896-97-98; W. G. Phelps, 1901; J. M. Payne, 1902-03-04 and 05. CHAPTER XXIII. ROMEO. While it may be considered as practically settled that Asahel Bailey was the first settler in the vicinity of Romeo who came with his family and remained permanently in that locality, there has been considerable discussion as to who was entitled to the honor of having made the first invasion into the wilderness at that place. March 21st, 1821, Silas Scott began the work of clearing five acres, which he planted with corn near where now stands the Mellen House on the north side of 682 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Gates street, and probably during the same year, one David Hill from St. Clair county, took up the east half of the northwest quarter of section 35 of Bruce on November 20th. After securing the crop of corn, he sowed the ground to wheat and returned to his home for the winter. Being prevented from returning by an accident, his father harvested the wheat, and Iill, not being able to return until 1824, lost the right to be considered one of the first settlers of the community. Later, however, he taught school near Utica and also in Washington not far from Indian Village, as Romeo was then known. To the south of Romeo, near Washington Village, Jeremiah Allen also in 1821 began his improvements. These he later sold to Asahel Bailey. In January, 1822, Asahel Bailey and his wife, Chauncey Bailey, his cousin, and his wife, who was a sister of Mrs. Asahel Bailey, came to Romeo, and for about two years lived in the same house. Chauncey Bailey settled in 1824 on a separate farm, a short distance to the northwest. Later he sold this claim and took up land near Farrar's mill in Armada township and was one of the first settlers of that locality. Eleven months later in the fall of 1822 came the IMoxie family, who remained in the vicinity of Romeo until 1829. Frederick Hoxie, the elder man, died in 1827, and was buried about a mile south of the center of Romeo. His son Job remained until 1829, when he removed to a point not far from Utica. In 1823, the Hoxie family were visited by Samuel Chamberlin of Limia, New York, and Edward Brewster of Riga, New York. The little settlement which was then growing up around this point, came to be called the Ioxie settlement, by which name it was designated upon Farmer's map made in 1828. The ridge upon which Romeo was situated afforded a natural highway in the days when the country was flooded with water and the established trail through the country followed the old Indian trail along the ridge. The spot from the earliest mentions, is referred to for its attractiveness and beauty. Here the uplands of the west and the heavy forests of the east met upon a soil possessed of a richness and fertility unknown to either side. "Grand old forest trees here and there reared their great forms indicative of the fertile plains, and here and there anon were bountiful prairie spots or openings, where little toil removed the slender shrubs and gave to the Indian his coveted field of corn. Hither, too, the Chippewa was accustomed to re turn from his summer wanderings, and on the very spot where Romeo now stands, tradition tells of many and many winter Indian homes; so that when the first white man looked in upon the quiet scene, he gave it the name which our first postoffice bore, the name of Indian Village." (John H. Hollister). In 1871, Dr. Hollister prepared a series of articles upon the early history of Romeo, which were published in the Romeo Observer. From these the writer takes the following mention of the inhabitants of the community in 1827: "If I should call the roll of early residents, few would now give answer, but as I remember them located, say in 1827, their names would appear by families something as follows: "The Hoxie family had this year disappeared and could hardly be counted in. (In supplemental article, Dr. I-ollister corrected this.) "Asahel Bailey had settled at the 'corners' on the same spot he had occupied so many years. The house he rebuilt still stands near the site of his first location. He and his wife, formerly Miss Freeman, were then in their younger years. As the time sped on, there were born to them Prudence, Maria, Stephen, Lois, Lydia and Phebe Jane. "Elder Mr. Finch had located his eighty, I think as early as 1823 and had erected the first frame barn on the site for a long time afterwards occupied by Mr. Samuel Ewell. Part of his family were grown and married. Ezra, the oldest, had married Miss Beeraft. John, the second, married Miss Hopkins. Martha was married to Mr. Burchard Throop and lived 'down in the fourth town.' "The younger sons were George, Albert, Alpheus, Addison and Alanson, 'the little boy that was lost.' "Esq. Gates had located his farm, the same he occupied for many years. IHis wife was Miss Blinn, and here were born to them Jane, Wilbur, Martha, John, Lucy Ann, I-ubert and Barton. "Capt. Gad Chamberlin had this year, 1827, arrived at the head of a large family, which with accompanying neighbors and friends formed a colony of some sixty souls. "He bought out Ebenezer Kittredge, and settled on the farm next north of Asahel Bailey. Iis eldest daughter was the wife of Col. John B. Hollister, who was one of the younger and moving spirits in the settlement till his death in 1831. A son, Stephen Platt Chamberlin, was married to a Miss Parkhurst, PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 683 and they numbered one of the colony founders. "Addison Chamberlin, another son, had married a Miss Leach, and they formed another of the group. The younger children of Capt. Chamberlin were Electa, afterwards Mrs. Snow; Julia, later the wife of Rev. Luther Shaw, and Harvey, Joseph, Nelson and James, names all familiar to the old settlers. "MAr. Erastus Iay, with his family came west in company with Capt. Chamberlin. His farm was located just east of the Leslie farm. His sons were Erastus, Russell, Daniel, Levi and an only daughter, Lucinda. "The Leslie family had located where they lived and died. The father's name was James. The children were Jallles, Jr., Benjamin and Roxana, who married Mr. James Starkweather. "AMr. Starkweather by this time brought his farm 'over west' into a good state of cultivation, and thither he took Miss Leslie as one of the first brides of whom the settlement could boast. "Another newly married couple at that date was Freedom Monroe to Miss Mary Cooper, who worked in the family of Capt. Chamberlin. He then located where he has always lived. "Next north of him lived Mr. Suell Hovey. His sons were George and Albert, his daughter's name IBetsey. They occupy the old homestead yet. On the road south of James Starkweather, and a mile west of Romeo, lived Horatio Nye. His children were Eliza, Ann, George and several younger ones. "On the hill opposite the cemetery lived Roswell Webster. Ilis wife was a Goodwin. His children were Charles, Cyrenus, Wheeler, Lucius, Marietta and Emily. "A half mile east of the corners was the residence of William Abbott. IIis first wife was Miss Burbank. His children by this wife were Franklin, Norman, Isaac, Jane, Elizabeth and Mary. Next east of Mr. Abbott's was the farm of Dr. Richards, the 'first physician.' His children were Mary, Jane. Guy and others whose names I do not recall. East of these were the families of Mr. Thompson, Mr. Bennet, Mr. Redway, Reuben Smith, Benjamin and John Proctor and Mr. Noah Webster who built in that direction the first saw mill and afterwards the first flouring mill. Mrs. Webster was afterwards married to Dr. Gray, who improved this property and here amassed his fortune. " South of the corners there were no houses till you came to Mr. Foot's. He parted with his farm to Azariah Sterling about 1830. His family then removed to Troy. He had several children, the oldest of whom was Jane. Capt. Sterling coming later to occupy this place is still with us. His wife was a Miss Leach, elder daughter of Mrs. Addison Chamberlin. Mr. Sterling was from a large influential family, in Lima, Livingston County, New York. Iis children were Julia, Charlotte, Caroline, Esther, Lydia, Harriet and an only son. A little way west of Mr. Sterling's lived Gurdon Hovey, only recently dead. His children were Saimuel, Augustus, Emeline and Alonzo. "South of this lived Alexander Tackels, formerly of Cayuga County, New York, and of whom in connection with 'old John Soules,' who lived 'over west,' I have a story to tell, when I get time. Beyond these were other denizens of the 'fourth town,' among whom were the Prices, Mlyres, Ducings, Mr. John Holland, Esq., Andrus, Dr. Cooley, Elder Warren, Judge Thurston, and 'over west' the Thorntons, Soules and, a little later, Marvil Shaw, with others whose names perhaps I ought to insert with the above. "On the hill west of Esq. Gates, Deacon Rodgers lived. Ilis wife was a Taft. They were from Lima, New York. Their children were Charles, Andrew, William, Rexford and Mary Jane. "North and west of 'Indian Village' lived at this time James and Samuel DeNean, and a little later the Bristols, the I-inx families, Mr. Rufus Renif, Mr. Elderkin, Geo. Throop, Mark W. Winchell, Mr. Bancroft, the Tromblies (Frenchmen), who built a saw mill, Mr. Benjamin, the Hopkins families, Rufus Hall and others whom at the moment I do not recall. "By the year 1831, so numerous had been the additions that time nor space will permit me more than to name the families. Now Judge Prentiss had arrived, N. T. Taylor and others laid out Romeo, and he was active in merchandise. The Buzzell families were here, Daniel was knight of the shears, and Martin was getting his store ready, and paying attention to Miss Clarissa Winchell, the sister of Mrs. N. T. Taylor. "Now Mr. John Taylor was opening up his farm. Possibly this was in 1832. Now, too, the famous 'Scotch Settlement' was being made, as the Wileys, Grays, Crawfords, and other Scotch families settled in the north part of the 'fifth town,' now Bruce. About this time came to that vicinity, besides Rev. John Taylor and his son, the family of Mr. Palmerlee, the Collins families, the Bishops, 684 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY the Thurstons, Mr. Ira Phillips, 'the mighty hunter,' the Donaldson families, Bushnell, who kept the 'three mile house,' Luke Fisher, Mr. Porter, and then or a little later still were added in that section Mr. Rufus Prentiss, Mr. Standish and family, Daniel and Colatinus Day, and on the branch were located M. T. Lane, Asa Holman, Charles Farrar, Willard Guild and families, and beyond them the 'Aldredge Settlement.' "Now, too, the volume of village population was rapidly augmented. Dr. Cyrus Baldwin and family and many others came. "The arrival of Lyman and Linas S. Gilbert was a matter of moment, for their influence was at once felt in the community and always for good. The popularity of Linas Gilbert in the county was perhaps last evinced by the unprecedented majority by which he was sent to the Legislature by a county opposed to him in politics. "I dare not attempt the recital of the coning inhabitants, to a later date. If I should spa n on to, or beyond 1836, with the coming of Rix and Kidder, Dexter and Joel Muzzey, Nathan Dickinson, and before them of Maj. Aaron B. Rawles, John W. Dyar, D. C. Walker, Calvin Shaw, Asa B. and Jerry Ayres (all marriageable young men), and Mr. Beekman, Doctor Sabin, and his brother, Dr. Whitney, the Southwells, the Ewells, the Palmers, Mr. Scranton, the Skillman family, Jacob Smith, there would still be left such a multitude that 'no man' (of my attainments) could number them. " At the close of the series of articles, Dr. Hollister added as additional families who had come as early as 1833, the names of Nelson Lowell, Stephen Goetchius, Col. Perry, Iamblin, A. Edgett, Job Howell and Iddo Warner. Dr. Iollister also credits Gideon Gates, the first postmaster, with having been appointed such of "Indian Village" in about 1826, and tells of his having carried the mail about with him in a large crown hat wrapped in a red bandana from which, whenever he met the happy recipient of any letters, he produced the same upon the payment of postage -in those days to be paid by the receiver. The mail came weekly and was brought from Mt. Clemens by Jonas Cutler on foot. According to Dr. Hollister, the first frame building in the village was the barn which was built by old Mr. Finch, and here many of the larger religious meetings of early years were held. The second frame building was the first section of what was afterwards known as the old red tavern. It stood facing Main street nearly on the spot where now stands the stores of Bogart and Gray, just south of the Romeo Savings Bank. This building was put up by the Hoxies. Its frontage was sixteen feet, and it contained only two small rooms. Later the building was doubled in size and still later again doubled, an upper story added and a front piazza built the whole length thereof. Its first landlord was Hiraml Wilcox, who later built the Wilcox mill near Almont, then called Tapshire. The first sign board of the hotel, described by Dr. Hollister, as being 12 or 14 inches wide and four feet long raised upon a hickory pole about 10 or 12 feet high and standing out in front of the inn beside the well. Painted upon this sign in glaring black letters was the word INN. From its erection until it burned in the spring of 1848, the Old Red Tavern was the chief gathering spot for congenial spirits of the neighborhood, and the center for distribution of the news of the day. The Old Red Tavern has been quaintly celebrated by Romeo's aged poet, S. H. Ewell: The Old Red Tavern the neighbors help raise. Was looked on with pride in those Log Cabin days, 'Twas called ornamental and passers-by said, "A handsome frame building and painted with red," 'Twas where you could sample the best of Old Rye, A four-finger glass-and a Smile in your eye. The village grew lively, the Tavern grew more, They put on additions as Red as before. And business increased as the years wore awayThe Old Red Tavern was having its day. And many folks stopped there, not caring to pass, Until they took "suthin' " at three cents a glass. That "Suthin' " was pure as was drank in that day, 'Twas made in the village of Our U-ti-ca, 'Twould not give you Tremens or Snakes in your boots, 'Twas just drank for pleasure and social Cahoots. The Old Red Tavern sold whiskey and beer, And dabbled sometimes in the stuff they call " Queer. " 'Twas there the young people improved every chance PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 685 To trip the light foot in the Old Country Dance. The later Cotillion at that early day, Knew not the Red Tavern, or traveled this way. The Old Red Tavern, I cannot forget, Its looks and its queerness still cling to me yet. A brick building stands where the Red Tavern stood, Forgot are its misdeeds, forgotten the good, Its inmates have gone to some mystical shore, Its friends and its foes are remnembered no more. The Old Red Tavern of many queer ways, The Old Red Tavern forgot in these days. Gone are the Old Landlords to some other clime, Gone the "Old Country Dancers" of that early time. Father Time rubs the lines from the Historic Slate, And brings the world down to a more modern date, The Old Red Tavern, we bid you good-bye, And drop o'er the past an affectionate sigh. Nathaniel T. Taylor, Romeo's first merchant, opened his store in 1829 in the third frame building erected in the place. Among his first clerks were John (onklin and Alexis Winchell. Not long after this, his frame residence diagonally across from the store, was put up-the house long occupied by the late Elihu Newberry. The store building later was moved a little to the north and occupied ly Niles and afterward for a long time by Maitland and IIowarth. Taylor established the first regular stage line to Romeo from Detroit in 1830. The first millwrights of the place were William A. Burt and John Allen, referred to in the chapter on Washington. They early built the saw mill for Capt. Chainberlin. The first shoemaker of the town was John Becraft, followed later by Azariah Prentiss, who also was among the early school teachers. Daniel Buzzell was the first tailor and Josiah ITamblin the first village blacksmith. Benjamin, the first cabinet maker, had his shop at Bancroft's mill. He was succeeded in an early day by Willard Guild. In 1826 Horatio Nye built the first distillery in that locality about a half mile west of the cemetery, which, however, was short lived. The first cooper was George Perkins, who sold his shop and lot to Jacob Beekman. In 1830, N. T. Taylor brought with him from New York a small library published by the Sunday School Union, and organized the first Sabbath school, being its first superintendent. The first white person, whose death is known, was one HIealy, who was buried a little over a mile south of the village on a knoll on the west side of the road. The first physician was Dr. Richards, followed not long after by Dr. Dennis Cooley, in Washington, Drs. Carpenter and Baldwin in Bruce, and a little later by I)rs. Sabin, Whitney, Powers, Andrews and Teed. In the fall of 1829, a conference was had between Asahel Bailey, N. T. Taylor and Major Larned of Detroit, who had acquired the title to the Iloxie property, relative to the platting of a village, and Col. J. B. Hollister was selected for this work. Main and St. Clair streets were located as they now are, but most of the lots were platted of a much larger size than according to the present plat, and the streets bore different names. By act of Legislature in 1847, this plat was amended as the original plat of the village now stands. At the original platting, much discussion was had as to the proper name for the village, and the proprietors not agreeing, the suggestion of MSrs. Laura Taylor-Romeo-was adopted. This original plat included the portion of the town bounded northerly by Church and Dickinson streets; easterly by Harriett street; southerly by Washington street, and westerly by Fremlont street. To this, the following additions have been made: The Benjamin addition, May 31st, 1852; the second addition of John L. Benjamin, October 31st. 1855; Mussey's addition, April 4th, 1858; Fellows & AMcIntyre addition, the 12th dav of August, 1858; Turner's addition, July 1st, 1864; Tillson's & IIartung's addition, 11th day of May, 1869; Merriam's addition, December 22d, 1869: Bailey's addition, June 17th, 1870, and Bronmm's addition in the northwest part of the village. It must be remembered, however, that a considerable portion of the village has never been formally platted. 5March 9th, 1838, the village of Romeo was incorporated by the Legislature including section 2 and the east half of section 3 in Washington and the south half of 34 in Bruce. On the first Monday of the following May at an election held at the school house, Oel Rix was elected President; DeWitt C. Walker, Recorder; Linus S. Gilbert. Dexter, Mussey, Azariah Prentiss, Dennis Scranton, Wilkes S. Stewart and Gad 686 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Chamberlin, Trustees. On the 11th of the next month Amos Palmer and John W. Dyer were elected Assessors; Martin F. Southwell, Marshall, and Horace A. Jennison, Treasurer. The Presidents of the village since that date have been Aaron B. Rowles, 1839; Minot T. Lane, 1840-44; Gideon Gates, 1844; Charles F. Mallory, 1849; Nathan Dickenson, 1851; Gideon Gates, 1852-55; Edward S. Snover, 1856-8; Albert E. Leete, 1859-61; Lavant C. McIntyre, 1862-63; Joel P. Mussey, 1864; Janes aIrvey, 1865; Moses A. Giddings, 1866; Aratus Smith, 1867; William Wilkinson, 1868-70; David Rowley, 1871-72; Irving D. Hanscom, 1873-82; Charles C. Bradley, 1883-86; George A. Waterbury, 1887-88; George G. IIartung, 1889; George W. Phillips, Jr., 1893; Charles C. Bradley, 1894; Merton B. Smith, 1895; Charles C. Thorington, 1896; Dwight N. Lowell, 1897-1903; Henry J. Mackay, 1904-5. The waterworks of Romeo were installed in 1892, after a long agitation in their favor. A special election was held March 10th, 1890, upon the proposition of borrowing $45,000.00 for waterworks purposes, but was then defeated. July 31st of the following year, however, the proposition to borrow $26,000.00 was carried by a vote of 237 to 116, and on January 30th of 1892, a Board of Water Commissioners appointed by the Council. made up of Cortez Fessenden, Dwight N. Lowell and Albert Kennedy organized by the selection of Mr. Kennedy as chairman and of B. N. Seaman as clerk. Finding it impossible to complete a satisfactory waterworks system for the amount as quoted, an additional $8,000.00 loan was authorized by a vote of 165 to 67 at an election May 9th, 1892. The plant began operations August 13th, 1892, and has since furnished to the village a most wholesome and satisfactory supply of water by means of the standpipe and Iolly Steam Pressure System. The source of the water supply is two large wells about 20 feet deep and 78,000,000 gallons of water are pumped annually. The total cost of the plant to date has been nearly $37,000.00, all of which has been paid for with the exception of $8,000.00 outstanding bonds. The original Board of Water Commissioners continued by reappointnents until April, 1895, at which time John Stafford took Mr. Fessenden's place. July 1st, 1896, H. A. Stewart succeeded Mr. Lowell. In April, 1903, the Board was made up of W. F. Millen, John Mackay and II. A. Stewart, which board has continued until the present date, with the exception that Mr. Stewart yielded to W. M. Chapman at the beginning of the present year. During the year ending February 27th, 1905, the receipts of the plant amounted to $2,152.84, and its expenses to $2,493.55. In 1897 a municipal electric light plant was installed. Its Board of Commissioners, oroanizing May 26th of that year with Isaac Crawford as chairman and B. N. Seaman as clerk, the other members of the Board being Melvin I). Cole and Oscar Iopkins. In the spring of 1897, $10,000 was voted for the purposes of this plant by a vote of 289 to 29, but it being found impossible to establish the plant for that sun, at a new election held September 2nd of that year, the sun of $13,000.00 was authorized by a vote of 249 to 50. The plant was started December 27th, 1897. In June of the current year $5,000.00 was voted to make improvements, the chief improvemlent contemplated being the installment of the Series Alternating system of are lighting, which it is expected will so materially reduce the expense of street lighting as will enable the plant to make a better showing in its receipts and disbursements. The total cost of the plant to date has been about $22,000.00, and it now has a bonded indebtedness, including the $5,000.00 just authorized, of $18,000.00. The official list of postmasters of Romeo as furnished by the Federal government, with the dates of their appointments, are as follows: Gideon Gates, Nov. 11, 1830; Philarmuon Cook, May 13, 1840; Oran P. Southwell, May 31, 1841; Azariah Prentiss, July 2, 1844; Chas. F. Mallory, January 21, 1848; Dr. Albert E. Leete, May 17, 1849; George Chandler, June 6, 1853; Philo Tillson, May 21, 1858; David Greene, April 26, 1861; William Hulsart, May 29, 1865; HeTnry W. Howgate, October 3, 1866; William Wilkinson, March 2, 1867; Milton Thompson, March 28, 1871; James Gray, December 3, 1875; James B. Lucas, February 24, 1888; George G. Hartung, February 8, 1892; James B. Lucas, April 25, 1896; William Hosner, June, 1900. Dr. Hollister in his articles, mentions as among the early ministers who held services in and about Romeo particularly Elder Warren and Fr. Ruggles. Of the former, who was of the "Methodist persuasion, he says that he was possessed of fine natural abilities and the most tender sympathies and a most happy manner in expressing them. I-is timely services and his kindly counsel endeared him to every family in the locality. The latter was the founder of the First Congrega PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 687 tional, and during the years 1828-9, came every four weeks from Pontiac to hold services in or about Romeo. "Northern Macomb owes a debt of gratitude to these two men, which it can hardly appreciate and never repay. Those earliest influences for good have never been lost. " The Rev. John Taylor, who resided with his son in Bruce for years, held Sabbath School in his own home, and for a long time was a most acceptable minister in the Scotch settlement and frequently supplied the pulpit on occasions in Romeo. He was finely educated, noble in his bearing, commanding in his presence, a type of the polished gentleman of the old school. His ability, learning and religious devotion made him one of the most revered men of the early times. In 1829 Luther Shaw, a graduate of Andover, became the first settled minister in Romeo. He preached in the Congregational Church until about 1834 or 1835. He married, 1831, Julia Chamberlin, of the Gad Chamberlin family. Later in 1835 his brother, John B. Shaw, caime from Utica, and under his charge the church flourished as never before. In 1836 and 1837 occurred the memorable revival, which, although it started in the Congregational Church, soon spread to all the denominations. The Rev. O. Parker and B. Barber were leaders in the revival and were assisted by all of the local religious leaders. In the fall of 1824, the first Methodist class was held at the house of Albert Finch. Isaac Hunter and Elias Pattee were among the earliest circuit riders assigned to this and neighboring points. In 1825 and 1826, John James and James Armstrong had charge of the Methodist interests in this locality. In 1827 and 1828, William Runnells assisted the Rev. John James in his work. In the following year, William T. Snow had charge, being joined next year by Curtis Goddard. Up until about this time, the meetings were usually held in the Finch homestead, but after the erection of the school house hereafter referred to, the meetings were usually held there. In 1831, the Revs. William Sprague and Brown usually conducted the services. From 1831 to 1835, the congregation was two years under the care of the Rev. Leonard Hill, and for two years of Rev. Luther Whitney. The First Methodist Church was built in 1840, and since that time this society has made continuous progress. The cornerstone of the present church was laid in June, 1872, and the house dedicated June 8, 1874. Among the active members of the church, whose influence led to the building of the new church, were John A.Tinsman, James Starkweather, E. S. Snover, T. P. Kennedy and Alex Shelp. The Christian Church, located at Romeo, was the outgrowth of several societies formed in the county, largely under the influence of Elder John Cannon, one of the pioneer preachers of this denomination in Eastern Michigan. The present church organization was organized July 6, 1867, Elder Cornelius Dearing was pastor; Stephen Grinnell and Robert Iamnilton, Deacons; and Edward Soule, Clerk. In the following year the church edifice was begun, which was completed and dedicated in February, 1871; the membership of the church at that time was 56. Elder Dearing was followed by Elder J. Warren Weeks, of Dayton, Ohio, who remained in charge until March, 1874. After one year, during which the pulpit was occupied by Elder James Weeks, Elder John J. Young came and has ever since had charge of the church, which has numbered among its attendants many of the most active and progressive men of Romeo and its vicinity. As early as 1834 or 1835, Asahel Bailey and Mr. Freeman, with their families, together with some few others among the early residents, were accustomed to gather together and hold services according to the Episcopal ritual. For a short time the Rev. Mr. Holland was located here, but no formal organization of the church was ever effected. The Rev. Mr. Lewis and others from time to time, however, held Episcopal services in Romeo. For several years the German Evangelical Lutheran Society held its meetings in the south room of the south primary school house, but within the past few years the society has erected a substantial church and handsome parsonage in the village, and the society gives every indication of being prosperous under the charge of the Rev. Charles Lemster. The First Baptist Church of Romeo was organized June 16th, 1840 at the house of Ira Phillips of the township of Armada. Six years later, in September, articles of faith were adopted at the house of Mrs. Nancy Ewell, in Romeo, under the direction of the Rev. Supply Chase, and an organization was from that time continually kept up. The church was recognized October 3d, 1847, as a regular Gospel Church by a council composed of delegates from the churches of Almont, Stony Creek, Washington and Ray, and was received into the Michigan Baptist Association July 1st, 1853. The church building was dedicated December 16th, 1853. The Rev. E. A. 688 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY Mather was the first resident minister in charge of the church. August 16th, 1828, when Romeo consisted of a bare handful of houses and was called the Indian Village, the Rev. Isaac W. Ruggles came from Pontiac and in the log school house organized the Congregational church. The corporate mnembers were Zelotus Stone, Gad Chamberlin, Deacon and Mrs. Rogers, William Abbott, Mrs. Jane Leslie and Chauncey Thorpe. Three buildings have housed this church organization, the first being built in 1833, the second in 1842, and the third completed in May, 1877. The first building was moved and afterwards formed a part of the old academy building in which was held the school known as the Branch of the University, and afterwards formed a part of the Union School building. The Rev. Ruggles, the Rev. Luther Shaw and J. B. Shaw, above referred to, as well as the Rev. P. Barber, HI. Iardy, R.. Kellogg, G. W. Newcomb, T. R. Hurd, and IT. O. Ladd were among the earliest pastors in charge of this church. The Rev. P. Moore is the present pastor in charge of the church. The press is represented at Romeo by the Romeo Observer, under the charge of M. B. Smith. This publication was started May 30th, 1866, by John Russell, and was successfully carried on by Edward A. Teall and Irving D. Hanscorn from August, 1866, to March, 1867, when Louis N. Moon succeeded to the interest of Mr. Hanscom. In November of 1867, Harvey E. Mussey took Mr. Moon's place, and in November of the year following sold his interest to his partner, Edward A. Teall. The year following, the paper became avowedly Republican in politics, when Irving D. Hanscom became the proprietor. With him was associated Samuel Ti. Ewell, and under their management the paper continued for about four years, when George A. Waterbury succeeded to the interest of Hanscom. In January of 1874 Robert G. Baird purchased the interest of Mr. Ewell only to dispose of the same in February of the next year to Mr. Waterbury, who became sole proprietor and editor and continued as such up to 1894, with the exception of one year, when the establishment was run by S. S. Hopkins under a lease from Mr. Waterbury. At the last named date the paper was sold to its present editor and proprietor, who has continued the paper as a strong partisan of Romeo and all its interests. The Observer has not been the only repre sentative of the press that Romeo has ever had, but is apparently the only one that has been able to maintain a long and successful career. As early as 1850, the Investigator was published by Thomas M. Perry; its publication was continued for about two years. The Romeo Olive Branch also appeared for a short time, but its date and the name of its editor are lost in the oblivion which charitably covers newspaper failures. The Romeo Argus was started in May, 1857, by Martin B. Bentley and John 1A. Stone. Stone retired from connection with the paper about a year later and Bentley sold out to S. II. Ewell in May of 1861. The paper continued under the editorship of Ewell, Hiram J. Aiken and George D. IMussey until February, 1864, when it was destroyed by fire. A paper called the Peninsular Herald and devoted to the cause of Prohibition was published at the Argus office for a short time and later removed to Detroit. It was started by the Rev. John B. Russell, a prominent temperance advocate in the county. Iay 1st, 1880, was started the longest lived of the competitors of the Observer, viz., The Romeo Democrat. Its first proprietors were Fred C. and C. H. Buzzell, two young men who for some time conducted an enterprising, wide-awake and progressive country paper, devoted to the interests of the Democratic principles. Later the name of the paper was changed to the Hydrant, and was conducted by C. H. Buzzell until his death, and for some time thereafter by his widow. In October of 1897 the Enterprise was sold to J. Clark, who in June of 1898 leased to Jackson & Rankin. Its last appearance was August 5th, 1898. Romeo has long been famous for its excellent schools, both public and private, and an adequate and detailed history of the same has been carefully prepared by Dwight N. Lowell, and did space permit, the writer would gladly incorporate this work, the result of Mr. Lowell's investigations in full. However, he is compelled to content himself with an unsatisfactory sketch of the schools and refer the reader who may be particularly interested in the subject to the results of Mr. Lowell's work. Dr. Hollister gave the following humorous and interesting description of the first school held in Romeo by Gideon Gates. whom he speaks of as a man of more than ordinary ability, quick discernment, and a lively turn of manner. "He usually sat perched upon a stool nearly in the center of the little room and ruled his kingdom not with the rod of iron, but with a tremendously long hazel switch. Michigan can beat the world on hazel switches PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 689 and the longest of them grew right around the school house. The largest matured in 1828 and went into service that winter. The master seldom rose froml his seat; the extended rod could span to the farthest seat and the blows fell thick and heavy in each rebellion until there was unconditional surrender. " This school was held in a house built upon a triangular piece of land abutting upon what are now M nain and l:tollister streets, lease(d by Asahel Bailey November 8th, 1827, to "Gad Chamberlin lad Albert Finch, a committee of trustees in lb)ehalf of and for the Indian Village school (district No. 1, and their successors in office."' In the spring of 1828 the people generally turned out, hewed the timber, gave the necessary lumnbelr and shingles and built the frame school house. It served as the district school house for many years, and later gave way to a much better building used for a similar purpose. This is the school house in which wAas held the early meetings of several of the religious denominations before they were able to provide more suitable quarters for themselves. It is quite certain that this Indian Village school for the benefit of which the Bailey lease was made was purely a voluntary action of the early settlers, independent of any legal organization of the school district. Prior to the erection of this building, the children of the Indian Village who had had the benefit of any schooling, had gone either to the school talught by David Hiill in the fall of 1824 in Washington township or in the school located near where afterwards was Jersey's brickyard, three miles south of Romeo. A summer school, held in the Indian Village school house where Gideon Gates had presided during the winter, was taught by Julia Chainberlin, later Mrs. Luther Shaw. H1er methods of discipline were evidently quite the opposite of her predecessors, and Dr. H[ollister pays touching tribute to her lovely character and gentle winning xways that so endeared her to her pupils. Anmong the successors of Miss Chamberlin were Azariah Prentiss, Mr. Yates, IIallock, Brown, Allen Buzzell, and Dr. Bailey, winter teachers; and Miss Sarah Baldwin and Sophronia Ewell, slummer teachers. October 2, 1837, notice was given by A. Prentiss and D. C. Walker, inspectors of the town of Washington; James Starkweather, C. Evarts and R. Fancher, inspectors of the town of Bruce, of the formlation of fractional district No. 1 of Washinlton and Bruce, and in the followingl March, a contract was made by the Board of Trustees of this newly organized district with Rix and Kidder for the erection of a school house for the sum of $750. This building was erected upon the property leased from Mr. Bailey above referred to, together with an additional piece secured from him in 1838. The annual report of 1839 shows that in this school during the preceding year, the teachers have been F. K. Bailey and 0. P. Southwell. This second school house continued to be used for schools and churches until 1854, when it was sold to George Chandler, andI moved to the south side of Church street, and has long been used as a dwelling house. In 1833 the First Congregational Church was built and was used from time to time as a school house. The first teacher in this building was Miss Jerusha Shaw, the pioneer of private school teachers in the neighborhood. In 1834, she opened a private school in this building, while it was still used as a church. Dr. HIollister, in speaking of "Aunt Jerusha Shaw," says "hers was a heaven born gift, to love and teach children. She was engrossed in her work and intent upon doing good as she had opportunity. Ier counsels were cited as authority in many a household." Continu-ing her sechool, Orman Archer, in 1835, began his successful career as a teacher in Romeo. He was a graduate of Williams College and caime originally fronm Granville, N. Y. IIe is described as having been remarkably quick of perception, fluent in language and enthusiastic in teaching. IIe conducted his academy from 1835-1839, a model of its kind, mnaking the best use of the excellent material which the younger generation of Romeo's pioneers afforded in his pupils. lIe was followed in this academy y y A. S. Welch, who, however, remained only a year. Then came Prof. Rufus Nutting, under whose energy and ability the academy developed until in 1843 it was established as a branch of the University. Many non-resident pupils were attracted by this excellent school, 424 of them having been in attendance during the year 1840-41. The building was purchased by Prof. Nutting and removed to the south side of Church street, and later moved across the road and raised to two stories. In 1847 Prof. Nutting was succeeded by Prof. Charles II. Palmer, who remained in charge of the school until 1852. At this time an effort was made to form the RomIeo Union school, which was taught by Prof. Isaac Stone, and his wife, assisted by Miss Laura Benedict and Caroline Scranton. The building used by the branch of the university organization under Profs. Nutting and Palmer, was used for this union school. This ef 69o 690 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY fort lasted., however, but cue year, and a private school was again organized under Prof. Stone. The territory of fraetional distriet No. 1 was selparated, and each of the townships of B~ruee andl Washington, taking- the territory of the old distriet in their respeetive hunits organized a separate sehool district. Each distriet proceeded to the ereetion of a, school house, that in Biru(c being ereeted -upon the lands leased fi om Baihey in 1827 and 1-828, aiid that of Was isngton upon lands pureliased from Elihu Ncixbury. Sehool was mdiintannet1 in each of these clistriets iu the buildings then erected until 1867, whtei by the action of the inisiectors of 1)0th townships, ther ( xas formed fractional school district NoI of Wa shinotlon aiid Bruce, and the present union school at lRonieo came, into existence. I Ie buildings constructedI in 1854 by separate districts were utilized,,and at present are the iiorth and south pri-maries of the district, and the building w~Nhich had been knlown, as th( Dickeiison Institute was lpurchased Imy the distriet and used as (a high,school until. thc, cud of the spring termi of 1885. The liresent coinufoclious and excellent building was comaJleted i September of 1885, and since thene has beenI the homue of oionco 's High School. Tfhe pirincipals of the high school siiice, its formation in 1867 have been E. Barton Wood,7 1867 73; A. GU. Jepson, 1873l-4; J. ii Webster 1875); Oimmar 1). Thlolmml)s0, 1876 -1901; John G'. M~arshaill, i901, to the present tiDe. Upon the failure of the union school movemnict in 185)2, Prof. Stoume wNho. had beeim teachmo th( lmnon SChol niad an effort to olbtain the mieanis necesscary to carry on the pirivate school. i huch had been so successfully Conducted by iProfs. Nuttuiii(1 uid Palmier. Sufficient funds wecrc olbtained hIv sui)scrilptiou to construct a building uponi hands which were purichaI-sed by Natlian 1)mckemisoti, in wN7hose honor, particultrlx bec'cluse of his liberal subscription, tlic school wa s nancd- D~ickenson Institute. Thc building ix s dedm(cited October 18th, 1854, and thc school ixas ope ned by Prof. Stone, who, hiowAever, within a year yielded to Prof. Daniel- B. Briggs, who remiained in chargye until the end of the sprhing terni 1857. Prof. Briggs was a graduate of Wilhiam-s College audi an attorney-at-law, lie had come f rom MAassachusetts to Detroit in March, 1854, and in IMay of that year had located in Romeo, and began the practice of his prof ession. After leavingy Dickenson In-stitute lie, was for three years superintendent of puiblic schools at Ann Arbor, and later for five years at Jack son. Prof. Briggs f or a long time kept his residence in1 the county, althouigh eiigaged. in ivork elsewhere. 1)uring- the year 1871-2 he was superintendent of the schools"- at MAt. Cleimens,a ml was for four yecars (.otmity Superintenclert of M~acomb County schools. lIi Noveniber, 1872, lie iwas elected State Superinltendeiit of Pub~lic Instruction, and wvas later aplpoinited Deputy Secretary of State, after which timne his homc iias mostly -at Ii ansing, lie died it Rolteo) n 1902. Pr-of. (Icorg 'cW. Perry succeeded P~rof. Briggs, aud lie in turn xivas followed 1y Prof. Dauiiel J. Poor, w~ho, cace in the fall of 1859, andi contaiii(d unti~l 1867 tat ixhlilci time the Di ekenson Institutc buid1(11 ngias Ipurclhasedl by the ITmuon1 school districut and the I)ickenson -Institute iiasseci out of existence. The estima~ted value of the, school iproperty in the Romeo District is $~27,400.00. The school is well org~anizei tandi equipped anld maintains the character ai-ml reputaitioii which Romico 's schools have long~ held as animon the best of the State. Romeo has for a, longe time sustaimied two very successful bank-s Tlhe Rioimeo Scavim~s, Bank being- the successor of the Firmst Natitona'l Bank of Romiio, ixas orgainized undi~er thc latter name Decemlbcr I th l86 `I xxvith,Ic pital stock of $400,000, aci ixas recinicou 1)01 tc ci tin der its lpreseint nanmc as a. staite 6 mk in Mav, 1897 iwith a. capitaml stock of + 0,000 it I oronidirectors ixecie Ncl OraCu Ei W.x i (hinos Edward S. Snovecm Elisha T. Alcad, Ihugh C'ray, John Smith Ji., -At. _A. C'iddilngs, John W. Byer, 'inch Wells Bumrt. lDr. Neill Gray wvas its prc smdc ut up tc) Jatinary1 1st, 1869, aiid iwas folloxxecd by E. W. C idchingfs (1869-71)~, M. A. Ciddinos (1,874-84), ~John 1. Brabb (1884-94), mtd Al irvil. I. Brabb. Its, cashiers hiave been Levanut C. McIntyre, 11. 0. Sutith, Chale1s Al. T'ackldes, and TL. E. Bedell. Nil. A. Giddmngs hias the uinique honor of having leeli continuously a director of this bank since its oro'anizitmtion, forty-two years ago. The resoum ecs cof the banik, accorclimmg to a reIport, the, bcoinimug (If time curremit y,"a r, were $~5151225 The Citmieus' National Bank was organized in 1874 iwithi E. W. Ciddings (as P"resident; John Smith, Jr., as \Ticc-Prcsident, and S. A. iReade as Cashier. rThe officers of the bank cdomtiluledl the same until the death of Mr. Gidditig,(s in 1902, when Johtn Simmiith, Jr., became President. Henry J. McKay is noxx ViceP โ€”resident aiid Mr. Reade still cashier, assisted for the past fewv years by RI. S. Reade. This banik has also been eminently successful and PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 6g9 has the onfidence of the entire coi1unniity. A directory of the business mlenL of Romeo in 1859 would show in part the Ameriean ITotel, run by tP. S. Teller and the Tibbles Iouse, runl by B. RI. Tibbles; the business houses of Iickellson, (iddings & (o., C. B. Newbury & Co., Johnl W. Dyer, Reed & MeCollum, Brabb & Wright, A. 1B. Avers, Ilovt & Nye, S. A. Fitell, J. Ayers, G. Washer, A. Bl. Rowles, C. F. 5Miller, Poole & Tillson, E. Q. and J. J. (Chamlbelliln, A. MleCloud, Benjamlin & Lazalier, W. Loid, E. S. Snover; the l)octors, A. E. Leete, S. 1. AnClrews, Philo 'Tillson, WT. W. ray. M. V. Benltley, of the Romeo lAr'gus; Dexter MIussey and A. 1. A ers, Julstices of the Peace; A. 1'. Brewer and E. Vanl)lbulrger surveyors; P. I. Jersey (mlarble works); R. S. BIancr1ft, tdeiitist; A. IPalner and D. Hiarris, cabinlet mlakers, and IIolnmaIn & Farrar, sash a1l1d blliid imal nfacturers. No history of this beautiful village can pI)roperly be considered complete that does not tell in mlore ldetail than is possible here of the lives a1(ld efforts of those menl and womenl whose enlergies iand s acrifices have broughlt to its preseC t c onditi(on the place they have loved so weell. Thhelir lives Ihave b)een wr1loulght into its life and their charllacters have stali)iped thelir im)ll)(ress 11)p its Iii'ogre'ss. The results have jllstified their la l)bors, 8and thte beatits of tle p1lce, its schools, its elhurcl les, its b)roadl, w ell-shaded streets, its social life and its very p eop(le bClear (coget testi molny to tlie exceellncei(C of tie work of these mlakers of Ro(imeo. 'I'e IlC- arrative of theiir lalbors and the triblllte to thleir wortlh 1u11st reg(retfully l)e left to som(:e on11e whose aq(laintanee wAith the p)ast and presenlt citizelns of Romleo, a1nd whAse )ability an111( leisiure will ellable lhimii or her to do( the1 1 justice. May tRolmeo ) not long have to wait for sueh an historian. ClAPTER XXIV. WASHINGTON TOWNSIIP. As has been stated before, Washington townshiip was organiized Apr1il 12th, 1827, by action of the legislative council of the territory. It then included the territory now in Bruce, and the first township meeting was set to be held "at the school house near John ITolla(nd's. " When first org'anized, there were about forty families in the town. Like the rest of the western tier of townships in the county, Wa-shington was surveyed by Joseph Ramllpler in the autumn of 1817. Although no general description of the country was pre pared by the surveyor, lie made brief notes on the soil, timber and topography which, while not very flattering yet (id not discourage the taking up) of the land by those who were looking for homes. Appropriating again the work of George 11. Canllonl, it app)ears that Asalhel Bailey, of New York, has the honor of beillo the first buyer of government lands in this town, his eitry Nwas mIade July 3d, 1821, for the east half of the southwest (quarter of section 33. T'lle land selected was far fromn being tle best eighlty acres in the town, adl in fact can hardly 1be classed as up to the average. Mlr. 3Bailey p1roblably mladle 11( ilprovlement, lbut subse(lliently bought other ogovernmllent landC in the nortlern portion of tlhe town. Followilng close to IMr. Bailey c(ale (ideon (Gates, who two days later-July 5th, 1821-enteredl lald in section 27. The othler blN (ers of land in section 33 w\ere Geo roge Wilson, of Livilnston County, N. Y., who secured the soitheast onelquater, Septemllber 3( 1821. John Bennett, of Genesee County, N Y., took the east onehlalf of northieast one-quarter, September 20th; Elon Andcrus, of the same place, secured the -west one-half of the northeast one-qultrter. S 1a(lis Blurli1nghaimn boullht tle east (one-half of northwest one-(Clqarter, June 11, 1823:.3 while thle west one-half of that (luarter sec(tioll w as taken l)y Nathan i. 'iller, Julyl 7 1823. Next to Bailey's purchase on the west wnas that of Cester (GIiddings, Juine 11, 1823. In the northeast part of tlhe town, where the village of om11)eo inow iIn plat is located, tllhee was 1already a settlemlelt forming1. Several fmailies of In1dians lived theie.land two or mior'e whlite families. The location wa s known as the "IndIian Villaole," or "IToxevy Settlemeint." Jolb Hloxey was there witli his family as early as 1822, and must have golne there soon after the surveys were mIade. i e was first in tlhe townI in section 33, where 1(e arrived likely in 1820 an(l malde sonme imlprovements, which le sold to Georgc)e Wilson in 1821. But little is known of this first settler in the township. After selling to Wilson, he bought land on section 2, where he lived for some time at least. tIis entry is dated Novermber 10, 1823. Job HIoxey came to this region from Canada, wheree he had been a lunmberman on the St. Lawrenc e River, and probably was much at home with the French and Indians. Arriving at Detroit, he and his son Job found employment on the farm of General Cass. We note that General Lewis Cass entered lands on section 2, September 2, 1822. This fact leads 692 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY us to suppose lToxey to have induced the General to make the purchase. Iloxey entered an adjoining eighty acres the following year, earning the mnoney for making the purchase by working for General Cass. Iloxey, senior, died soon after, and was buried at the Indian Village, now Romeo. Job Iloxey, Jr., lived to be an old man. I knew hin well, as he was a frequent visitor at my father's, in township of Shelby, fifty years ago. At that time he had become largely dependent upon the public for his support. Ile removed later to Lapeer County. lie bore a bad character while young, but became converted under thel ministraitions of the Rev. John Cannon-a pioneer t lminister-and led thereafter a truly Christian life. lie had much to say about General Cass, whom he greatly admired; but to whom he was bitterly opposed in politics. Ie and his father bought a yoke of oxen of the General, paying for them in work. Referring again to section 2 we find that Lewis Cass, of Detroit, had nrade the first entry of land in that section for the east onehalf of the northwest one-quarter. Job HIoxey made the next purchase of the west one-half of the northwest one-quarter. In 1824 the buyers were Iorace Foote and Asahel Bailey, Gordon IHovey and Iorace Foote in 1825, William Abbott in 1827 and Eben Kimball in 1829. In section 1, Berljamin N. Freeman bought in 1825, George Smith anid Richard Jersey in 1826, Nathaniel Bennett and Ann Powell in 1828, Charles C. Trowbridge in 1829, Rodolphus S. Richards in 1830, and Gad Chainberlin in 1831. On section 3, the buyers were Silas Scott in 1824, Michael Hopkins and Daniel Smith in 1825, Roswell Webster in 1826, George Perkins, Samuel Cooley and Nelson Lowell in 1831. In section 4 Michael Hopkins in 1825, Dorcas Scott and Ilenry Price in 1832, George Fisher in 1834, Isaac Hubbell and Jacob Beeklnan in 1835, Ilannah Brabbs, John II. Chaffee and Isaac Brabbs in 1836. The buyers of government land in section 5 were Newman C. Griswold in 1830, Isaac Brabbs in 1831, 1833-4, Arnold Spencer in 1834-5, John Brabbs and M1arvil Shaw in 1835, Marvil Shaw, H:erman IHolmes and George Brabbs in 1836. In section 6 the buyers were Henry Conner, of Detroit, in 1822, Noble Culver in 1831, Amos Graves and Lebbeus Graves in 1832, Samuel B. Spencer, of Monroe County, N. Y., in 1833. In section 7, James Thorington in 1830, Amos Graves in 1832, Samuel B. Spencer in 1833, Lebbeus (Graves, Jr., in 1834, Pitt Liawrence in 1835, Edwin T. Wilcox, Albert W. Miller, Samuel Thomlpson, E benezer -I. Phelps acnd Albertus Gray in 1836. Wmll. Moon was also a purchaser, but the date is not at hand. On section 8, the buyers were, James Thornton in 1825, Hiram MA. Hllopkins, Shermnan R. HIopkiins and( E alijah Thorington in 1831, Ezra LCoomis in 1832, Elijah Thorington, Stephen W. (Grinel l in 1834, Elijah T'holing(ton, John A. T'insmanl and Charles Pudney in l1836, Marvil Shaw in 1837. In section 9, Jamles Thollrton bouo'ht three ei(ohty-acre lots in 1825, and Johni Sow:les one, Wil liaill Allen one in 1826, Noah Ishaim in 1830, Ja-mes Thorimngton, Jr., in 1832, Ja:mes Thlorington in 1833, John A. Tinslman in 1834 and 1835. In section 10, the buyers were, James A. Starkixweather, of Connecticut, Chauincey Throop, Philip Price and Ilenry MAorris in 1825; John Price and Noah Cooley bouoght in 1831, Silas Scott in 1832, and John Price in 1833. On section 11 the first to buy was Freeborn Ilea ly, who entered 160 acres in 1822, Alexander Tackles, Jr., Daniel 1B. Webster and Edw ard Arnold, in the order named, in 1824; Nathaniel Taylor in 1831. The buyers in section 12 in the order nanied were, Benjamin Gould and Henr[ y M:iorris in 1824, Jefferson Nye in 1825, Archiballd( Powell in 1827, Abraham Powell, Anison Bristol, Erastus Smith and Abramn T. Powell in 1831, Isaiah S. Becraft in 1833. Those xwho purchased on section 13 were, Silas Ilayden in 1825, Jefferson Nye in 1826, Emotas P. I: asting's in 1827, Christopher Arnold in 1830, and John Look in 1831. In section 14 those who entered lands were, I)avid IHill, Philip Price, Jeremiah Lockwood, Christopher Arnold an(d Cyrenuls Arnold in 1823, Andrew Still in 1825 and Christopher Arnold in 1827. In section 15 Edward Arnold bought in 1823, Philip Price in 1824, Orthnill Stone and Ivynlan T'homlnpson Janny in 1825, and Archibald Powell in 1827. Section 16 being assilgned to the state as school land was acquired by several parties; J. A. Tinslman, F. tI. Stephens, Marvil Shaw, John (ibbs and Joseph (Gardner, partial pa" yment was made by them all Septembert 12, 1837, and they allowed their final paynment to run for from seventeen to twenty-six years. This is a matter worthy of note, as the purchasers were among the most prosperous in the town. They evidently preferred to pay interest. A part of section 17 was purchased by John Sowle in 1825, Noah Isham and James Allen in 1830, John Sowle in 1831, Ezra Loomis in PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMNI COUNTY 693 1832, Aaron aines and John LIxawrence in 1835, John A. Tinsman inl 1836. The buyers of section 18 wiere, John Sowle in 1828, Noah Ist ha1 and Williamin Sonle in 1831, Townsend Locktwool d in 1832, James Bolton in 1833, John C. Lawrence in 1834, Joseplh G(raves il 1835, Jeplter Scott, Polly Graves ad( Samiel Thlioipson in 1836, )avid and Wiltso (laspieC in 1838. The )buvters of section 19) ill the order Inaiedl weirei, obll ert Townlusentd antd liram (alklins in 1825. lirant Calklins inl 1826, James Lawsoin inI 1827, I]Iiranm (Calkins in 1830() and 1831, aid Sad m(uel Thonmpsotn, of Newv York (City, in 1836. Those who entered lanilds on sectioin 20 were, Jtosiah J,ewett lln 1825, ]Benjainil Mtcre'ro in 1826, Townisend 1Lockvwood, John Sonle annd Edwvard ] oard in 183(), Abtel Dolbv in 1831, Isaac loa (rd in 1832, alld Charles 1). Hadden in 1833. The Iniyers of section 21 were. An eel Nortoi in 1822, Ed. P. Rees, Rall)ph Wadhans amd D)aniel Thurstomi, Jr., in 1824, Nathan Nye in 1825, a(id IHentry ]oiorris in 1828. Section 2'2 was obtaiited b(y Iarcus Nye, Zebulon itaydein and Aaron Stone inl 1822, IIenry Jersey, Philip) Price antd John I). IHollaid in 1823), (:;eo. W. Scranton in 1825. aitnd John I). lHoll11and in 1830. The bluyers in seetioi 23 were, 1leiiry Morris i 18283, Alex. MeJre,(or in 18'25, Thlomas Rl(owarth in 1827. Joshua D)usin' andt Anson Taft in 1880, and Joshua Dusing' in 1831. On section 24, the purchalsert w(it Silas were, S ias tlayden in 1825, Orsel )Dudley and Isaac Moore in 1828, Isiaac Ioore in 1829, Alva (Gregory and Saolnford Wood in 183(), antd Royal i. Gear iln 183:. 3 In section 25 the lar1d biyers were Caleb) WAilli ham in 1829 ald 1830, Ainso0 (G'itnell in 1831, Harmen S. Tewillit'er, iyiaN Whitney. Brainard Rowleyo, l atx d Richard C(iarleton i 1832, SanIel] Bair'i:es, A cil (loff aind Anson (Irinnell in 18I33. In section 26 the buyvers of (g'overnimeiit land iwere, John Rose in 1825, John1 Dotv and iDavid HIurd in 1830, Wilkes Stewart in 1831. Solomoni Keeler, Thoinias Abernethy anti Ifetnry Brainard in 183t2, Richard Carleton in 1833. Section 27 was taken bli Gtideon Gates and Nathan Nye in 1821, Iddo Warner and Nathan Nye, Jr., in 1823, and Nathan Nve in 1830. Those who purcha(tsed in section 28 were Lazarus Green in 1821, Otis Lamb in 1822, Joseph Miller in 1823, Jefferson Nve in 1824, Edwvard Ihoard iin 18I26, Price B. Webster in 1828, Jacob MtIcCrac(kl in 1832, and Samuel F. Lanning in 1835. Section 29 was bonght bv John M. Welch alnd Benjamin McGregor in 1826, John S. Axford in 1831 and 1835, Henry K. Crissman and Chauncey Mor gan in 1836. Section 30 was taken by Benjamin Martin in 1824, Delsanno Jones, Hiram Calkins and Lebbeus Lockwood in 1825, John S. Axford and lebbeus Lockwood in 1826 and John Giles in 1831. The buyers of section 31 were, Win. A. Burt, and John Alien in 1822, John S. Axford in 1823, Robert Hazard in 1825, i5Iariah llMillard tand John S. Axford in 1832. Those who obtained title to section 32 were, Arba Smnith and Joanna McDonald in 1824, Arba Snmith in 1825, Ephraim Graves in 1827, John S. Axford and Jerem1iah Lockwoodt in 1829), Jeremiah Lockw ood in 1830, and John S. Axfomrd in 1831. Section 33 was taken by Asahel B:ahiley, George Wilson, Elon Andrus and,John Bennett ill 1821, Sardis Burlingham, Lester G(idding's aitd N athalin B. Miller in 1823. Section 34 was set off to the state as salt spriing land and was sold in 1849 to Joseph Mliller, Loren Andrus, David W. Noyes and John Ca(fmuon, all residents (If MacoM(nb Cou lt. The governmlent ogave patents on section 35 to John Keeler in 1825, ILydia Intmian in 1831. HIIram Keeler, Johni Keeler and Nathan Keeler ili 1832, Aeil G(off in 1833, aiiind Jacob IHarris (no date given). Section:36 was bologht by Charles TuIbbs and Joseph Sias in 1831, Beniijamin Rowley, Septer Scott, NaIrvin Wilbnr iand Josiri T. tRobin)ison in 1832, Albinl Porter, Jaimes P. Keeler iand Isaac iltoard in 1833. It will lte remnebe rel that Asaihel Bailey niiade thie first entiry of land in the towvnshiip, July 3, 1821. lIe xwas fromi New- York. David and Wiltso (Glaspie bought the last fortyacre lot. I iy 2, 1838. It w\ill thus be seen that in a( little less tlian 17 e;airs all the governlillent ilands in the townxship of WTashington iad passed into( the hantds of private parties. The numbetr of pur'Ichsers as was one hundred and eighty-six, and of these seven were women iwhiose nanmes are as follows: Ann Powvell, Ilannah Brabllls, Dorcas Scott, Polly Graves, Mariah Millard, Joanna McDonald, Lydia Inman. The purchaser of the largest tract (720 acres) was John S. Axford; IHirani Calkins, John Sowle ahnd Jamnes Thorington 480 acres each; Philip Price 400 acres; IMarvil Shaiw anld Daniel Thnrston 320 acres each. Nearly all settlers came froim central and western New York. The people of Washington have been well prpresented in the legislative councils of the state. Anionig its noted men, Win. A. Burt, one of its first settlers, easily stands at the heatd of the list. Hie was a nmiember of the territorial council, serving in 1826 and 1827, also in the legislature in 1853 and 1854. tIe was 694 694 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF -MACO'MB COUNTY a mechanical grenius and inventor of high rank. His principal inventions were a, typewriting machine, the solar compass, anid an equatorial compass or sextant. Dr. Dennis Cooley, likewise an early settler, was a botanist of note, whose 1)iblislhed ''List of plaiits common within ten miles of Cooley 's Corners,'' gave himn much publicity as wNell as his classification of plants collected lindier the U. S. Geological Survey in the Upper Peninsula in 1848. D)r. Cooley w~as a, correspondent of the mtost nioted botanists of his da. The State Senators hiailingfrm Roe are, 1)ewitt C. Walker,7 John _N.V iXlellen and 11a rvey -Mellen; the 1Representatives, Alexcan(1cr Tackels, Daniel C. GJreenie, George Chandler, Cortez P'. Hooker, Mi1not T. Lanec lchas. F. Mallory, Elishca F. AMIeade, iDewNitt C. AV alker, Harvey iMelleni, Dexter Mussy mrd Fied Buzzle. At the first towni meeting,- wNhih Ax as held as appointed, Glideon Gates was chc min to preside, anid Isaac Andrus to act as clerk. In the election which followed, John A. Axford was elected supervisor; Jolm B1. h1olland, clerk; ]Daniel B3. Webster,7 collector anid conrstable; Asahel Bailey, Johni Bennett and Nathanr Knigoht, assessors; Alexanider Tackles, John JBennett, Ja mes S-'ta rkwAeather, cotmnimssioners; Albert Finch anid Joseph MAiller, overseers of the poor; Alvin Kniglht, conistable; Asahiel Bail(- x Flon Aiidrts, -Edward Arniold, pound inmast(es. A table of the prricmilpal town offier ms sine thmir is herie cyiVenl i\pe1501osJ John SAxford,.182)7; Gideon Gates, IS28 32; ( aleb Wilbor, 1888.-87; County Co011115iss1( ers, 18 38 42; John Keel er, 18438 Eiastus Smith, 1844; John Keeler, 1845-46;Noah Coobei IS147-48; Erastus Smithil, 1849; Elisha Calkins, 1850; Noah Cooley, 1851-152; Elishal Calkins, 1853-154; i-larshail S. 1)adley, 18S55; George H1. Pennter, 1856; 1Ilugh Gjray, 18'57; Erastus Smieth, 1858-71; Jerome W. Nims, 18712-80; Stephen B1. Cannon111 1881-82; Jeromte W. Niuns, 1888-1900; Geo. W. M_.ann, 1901-05. In the foregoxing list of supervisors it must be, remembered that from 1818 to the date of township) election in '1827, the county was governed by comlllissioners; from-i that periodi until 1888 by supervisors; from 1888 until early in 1848, by counity commi-issioniers,7 when the su~pervisors board wvas re-estarblishled. Clerks-Johni D. Holland, 1827-80; Horace Foote, 1881; James Starkweather, 18:32; John D. Holland, 188:3-44; Otis Lamt-b, 1886-49; Albert Nyc, 1850; Otis Larmb, 18052; Georgre Washer, 1858; Charles F. Mallary, 1854-57; A. 11. Poole, 18'58; Albert E. Leete, 1859;- C. F. Mlallary, 1860-69; Nathan C1. Bates, 1870; Charles C. Bradley, 1871-75; Collins Bradley, 1876; Byvron. J. Flumerfelt, 18S77; Eber J. Dudley, 1878-82; J. It. Mlorlau11d, 1884; It. B. Owen, 1885; Frank W. Dash, 1886-1905-. Tlreasu1rer~s-Daniel B3. Webster, 1827; William Price 1828 Aixvin Nye IS129; Grad Clhantberlin, 1830; Itircam Calkins, 1881-88; If. \Tan Kiec, 1834J1me s -11 Rose, 18:37; Mr iram Ca- I kins, 1840 0rim 1. Southwxell, 1842; James 11. Rose 1844; Otrscl 1)udl(ev, 1-851; Mfarvin Wilbuir 1855 x Morgan Nyc, 1857; Trumian It. Andrums 18518 John Caimnon, 1861; Elia~s Stome, '1863; 1 h teon Cole( 1865;Elias L. Stone, 1867 rp}Theron Cole, 1868S; Janies 11. Rose, 1870; Aarnon. B. 1Rawles. 1875; Jonathan Stone, 1877 EiIdwaird W. Andrus, 1879; Joiiathan. Stoue 1881; Edward W. Andrus, 1888 -1884; 4amnuel I. Snith, 1885; S-tephieii B1. Cannon 1886 87i Ienry Bennett, 1888-89; William11 I-J DImclens, 1890; Edwalrd W. Andrus, 1891-99- George Kaiser, 1898-94; Witliani C. Hlipp, 1895-96 Jeremiahi Bartholomew, 1897-98; Frank, E. St4one, 1899-1900; Iloward H1. Morland, 1-900-01; Williant AL Chapmman, 1902; Henry Bennett, 1908-04; T. R. Crawford, 1905. Among, the localities iii the township wx hich mieri a special mention,arClfoM.enion,amd Washington. Cliftoni wNas tile site of Grray's mills, which for several years before thme War of the Rebellion until about 1880, did a larg~e business, aimd gathered about tbemn quite a little settlemrent. Dr. Neil Gray, refer-red to in Ray and Bruce histor-ies, was one0 (If the firm of Gray B~rothers ',and Hughi G"ray, the other partner. The minills are located onl time northeast quarter (If section 7 on time site of a, mill which, had been burimed ait least as early as 1840. At one tulle Clifton, which was a platted village, threatened to prove a dangreroius rival. to _Romeo, bumt like all time mills, of time country, it suffer~ed fromm the comnpetition of time westerni wheat fields and mills. Time mils rnmanediiitim Gry family~ for a, o-reat imtvyears, but in the '9()'s the property was sodand passed into other hands. New processes have hbeen puit iimto the mmll aimd the valuable water power is still used for time operatiom (If a successful cotuntry mill by its present owners. Mt. Vernon, which is stitated in sections 19 and 80, is a thrivingr little villag-e commuilIltin which has gathered a mmummber of bmsimiess houses, two churches and a blacksmithi shop and several residences. It is; omme of the oldest l)ostoffices of the county. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 695 With this place, is intimlately associated the name of William A. Burt, the inventor of the solar compass. Ite was born in Taunton, Mass., Junle 1t3th, 1792, of Scotch and English ancestry. The famnily early came to western New York, where July 4th, 1813, Mr. Burt was married to Phoebe Cole. After a short experienice in the war of 1812 and aln unsuccessful one in coinmlercial ent(erpriises, Mr. 3Birt turned his attention to the building of saw and flour mlls, associati:ll with himiself his brother-in-law, John Allen, who was later one of AIaclllomb Collity's respected citizens. In 1817. Mtr. Burt iiiade a trip throuogh the west with a view o(f selectilngc a site to settle, visitino Detroit in the (colrse of the trip. In 1822, ie ai'ain retnrned to lichigan and engaged in mill )building in Oakland C(onty. In the fall of that year, he selected the southwest quarter of sectoll 31 of Walshinton for a home. The western bordler of the county was then just settlinii, and Mh'. Bur lit was one of the early pioneers of the locality. In the sprig,1 ' of 18'24 hie moved his faimily as far as Auburn, (Oakland County, and in tie autumn of that ye(ar settledl in the stl)stintial log house which lie had erected for his new home. Mr. Burt served as a inelll:er of the territory legislature duringo the winter of 1826-27. In 1831 he was elected colunty surveyor, which position lhe filled for three years..Januar 14th, 1833, lhe received the appooilltenlt as postmlaster oIf M:t. Vernon, Awhicih was then just established, andl in April of that tyear he was ailpointe(d associate judl'ce of this judicial circuit. Du)rin- that same year lie was engaged in the constlliuction of mills at Frederick, prolbably for Noaihdiah Saekett. In Novenmber of this saine year lie was appointed United States Depllty Sullrveyor, and foir many years follow-illn was ni.usily enol'aed surveyingr for rmany proposeId canals illand railroads and other p:roposed ilmlroveNments wiith which the state was rife. T'his is no place for (recoluting the extensive aind b eneficial work of IMr. Burt, outside of the couinty, iiost cons)l(piuous of which w-as tlhe illveintion and perfmection of the solar compass. Ile was of a retiring disposition, practical turn of mind, an orig'inal thinker, arnd whenl olnce arolsed a brilliant conversationalist. Wiithouit mll uh school ed(ucationl, he was still a scholar, and obtained a recognition among the scientific men of his day,. lie took active groiluds in favor of temlperance legislation anid wa s of a religious turn of mind. lie was one of the founders of the Alt. Vernon Baptist Church. Both lhe and his wife were buried in tle celmetery at Mt. Vernon. The latter years of his life were spent in Detroit, and his activity continued until the very last, as was evidenced by the fact that when he was stricken down with heart disease, August 18th, 1858, he was givilng instructions to a class in navigation, astronomy, and the use of his compass. Washington Villaoe is a comnimunity located in the northeast corner of section 33, and the northwest corner of section 34, and bec ause of its being situatced both on the Air liine Railroad and the letroit and Romeo Electric Line, is one of the most available points in the townlishil for business iipurposes. It, however, was a thriving little country villa(e before it enjoyed these railroad facilities. 'l'he locality was first settled in 1818, and for a long time its nearest shipping point was U tica, wiith which it was connected by a daily line of stages. 'There are tw o churches, a wi-ell organized school and hotels, stores and busiiess houses that aiaply acco:iimmiodate the demalnds of the surroundinog country, and has a lpolulation of about 250. F. G. Davis runs the (eneral store. I1r. Albert Yates is the oldest resident physician alnd has occupied for years a promlinent positionl in the commllunity. Ionre detailed mllention(i of the churches will be found in connectioni with the history of religious organizations in the township. 'The history of the early schools of Washin'iton began back as far as 1824, when many (of tihe faiilies \who haid coille fromi New Yorkl state selected a site on Freeborn IIealy's land, a mile and a half south ofi the present village of Romneo, aind here built the log school house in w-hich the first teacher -was Silas Scott. I)uringL the Aear 1824, 27 or 28 pupils gathered inl from miiles about to attend this school, e()llino chiefly over Indian trails throough the wxilderness. At the time, an1 Indi;an encampmilent was nearly opposite the school house. The teacher, after closing his school in 1825, I)lrcihased the farm near HRomeo, where he lived until his death in the eio'hth decade of the last century. The list of the pupils at this school will disclose the names of most of the early pioneers of that locality-Price, ArIlold, Woodman, Tackles, Healy, Chandler, Webster, (Gould, Thorington, Phelps, Smith, Finch, Kittredge anld Gates. In the fall of 1824 another school house was built on the west side of the road, a short distance south of Washington Village, Miss nEneline Allen being the first teacher here. In the winter of 1824-5 the school was taught by Isaac Andrus and AMiss Allen and Andrus divided the following school year in the same 696 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY manner. )During the winters of 1826-7 and 1827-8, school was taught by Nathaniel Augustus Baldwin. Among other wielders of the birch in this school in early days were John Chapnmian, mathematician; Abel Webster, Isaac Monfort, Isaac Andrus, John 1). Holland, Dalby, Noyes and Price. From these humble, but efficient beginnings, the educational interests of Washington have grow n iuntil in 1904 there was needed for the housing- of the school pupils in the township, aside f roml the portion of it included in the Romeo District, seven buildinigs, with -an estimated school property of $7,000. The teacher's wac'es duriing that year amounited to $2,302, and tlie total expense of the schools was $2,535.29. T1wxo hundred and thirty-four out of the 311 children of school age were enrolled in the schools during the year. 'The character of the settlers of Washington 1would lead one to explect considt erable attention to be paid.l to religious mlatters, and such expectationlS arc fulfilled by the facts. The first circuit llinisters were the Rev. Messrs. Plymnlptoln a(l IPetit. Later, Rev. Mr. Jones, in about 18026, preacihed a rcadical temlperance sermon in the present village of Washin'ton in the c e ouse of which hle referred to the distillery as "the Devil 's teapot. " Amonog other niines of the (early circuit riders are Reynolds, Fraizer, lBoiughman andl Elliott. For ai few years, about 1830, the comnmunity, particularly the Iloward (and Carpenter falnilies, were visited bly a- fex Free-will Baptists and Chlristian lministlers, among( tlhem b)eiiig Elders Shealrer, Iatlnmiarker iad 'Thomas. In 1823 six I)ersons-Joh6ln Ilollanld, Elon Andtrus, Nlancy Andruls, Polly Greene, Amnella liller and Laurat MIiller, allhereints to the beliefs of the Mlethodist Church, ibegli holdilng prayer meetingls froml house to holuse. The ineare(st preacihino( of their persulasioln was at UTtica, which pIlace they visited( from time to tiile lintil the log sch(ool ihouise olpposite the present cene teryv was built. lere they occasionallly held meetinos, conducted by circuit riders, amCong others bein2 Rev. Elias Petit. Until 1846, when a church building was erected, religious services w-ere conilducted in vari1ous school houses. At that time Rev. Ebenezer Steele and Nelson Barlnuml were in charge. February 24th, 1846, "the trustees of the first Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington Imlade a contract with Chlauncey Church to build a meeting house on the west side of section 24 "opposite Dr. Cooley's garden" to be finished by January 1st, 1847, for the sum of.1,150. This contract was signed on behalf of the church society by E:lon Andrus, Abel Warner, Benjalllin AIlc regor, David W. Noyes and(, John Keeler. The contract for the belfry was later mnade with L. D. Cowles. The building was accepted and paid for December 28th, 1846, at which time it was dedicated by the Rev. Mr. Cralne, at that time presiding elder of this dlistrict. Many changes have been mlade inl the church building alid imany have beeln the )lastors in charge. For years the church wanls the sole place for religious imeetings in the neighborhoodl, anid although dedlicated by thle MIethodist Episcopal Society, was maintained bly contributions from various sources. After the organizaCtion of the lUnionl Church Society the Alethodist Churchll has been but little.used by others than its owners. The growingl nieed of ainother 1plae. for hold1in1' services led to the orglanizationl of the Washington U)nion Church Society in 1879, the history of which organization lias been kindly furnishedl by Mrs. L(ucelia C(. Bralbb, of Rollneo. (On July 5th, 1879, the first re'gula' t meting of the IlUion Church Society wa\ s atteiiled and the articles of associati(lo (a1rrlan'le( to fully com-)x p! with all the requirellenlts of thle statutes (of the State of Michigan for church protection) were formally accept( t d;all silned, to be recordedl in the office of the conlity clerk, after Awhich the following trustees were elected: Tilmothy Liockwood, Williami A. Stone, E. W. Andruls, IIenry Bennet andl W. W. Va IIughan. The charter memblers included the inames of Mabel Lockwood, Timiotlh Lockwood, Ilenry Bennett, Susan 1j. B3lmet, W1illiam A. Stone, Alice N. Stone, (:eo. IT. C(lannmo Llucy 5M. Cannon, XW. W. Norton, Flora Nortonl, Jotiathan Stone, IMarian C. Stone, Jlnes AI. Vaug'han, Calista. V;n L E. Caughan, ei E. Can, Lcelia -l. Cannon, Adelblert Stone, EIdwarl d W. Andrus, George Wilson, lev I). AIplilg, Eliza Apliingr, William W. V'aulghola, Ida B. Vauohal Betsey 1E. Andrus, Byro Norton, Luielia L. Davis, David (". Stelwart, Alary D. Stewart, Clara C. CBalbbitt, Edwin Lamb, Caroline Lamb, I. W. Miller, F. C. Miller, Flora AMiller, S.. Cautnnon, Sarah J. C1annol. For four years the Rev. C.. Knickerbocker had been preaching' to these people, and he now became their regular palstor, and so continued for two years. February 26th, 1880, the new church building was dedicated to Almighty (od, the following miinisters taking part in the nmorning, afternoon and evening services: Rev. C. W. PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 697 Knickerbocker, Rev. 1). A. Perril, Rev. J. A. Younn, Rev. J. E. 1)vis, Rev. William Platt, Rev. John Clan1lol, Rev. J. Amles. In AMay followinl', a Sunid(llay School-the nurseryl of the cllulch โ€”w-s organized and has always bceen ( anl il-portantt;ind flourishing part of the or'',galizatiol.o The (loors of this chllllh we(e f ieely opiened to alll (en()mliti o()ls, thel Rev. J. A. Young an(1 ev. J. IA es sul)pplyi the pulpit for somle tilme. I1l MIy, 1881 tle 11ev. Willian Allilng't(o beg'an Xwhlt \ ws a six years' pastorate, atll in 1885 thle R1ev. Johi II. I'.lton be(caIe 1(. ( of thll ir p)stors, and has so continued for txwelty years. Fouil(led on the 1)loid bIasis of tlle Fatlherhoo((1 of ((:od (and thll Blotherlloo(d of Maim, palying1 eivery obl)igaltioil )promplltly anld being' in fact ta 1loll it] heart't as well as il ntame, they Ihave o()ll.e o11 ill the g(.ood work with few discourall'lleellts a11nd vervy 1111ch for: which to be grate(ftl. AIt(uch of tlhe social, edullcatio(lal aIn(:l religi:ous life of this townshllil) is closely associateld with the \illage (of tRomlleo, (and reference mll ust he lil(ad to the clha pIte' (oI that v\ill;age( for fuirther details. The populaationl ai(l a ssessesd valuation of the townsthip, as iv(en by the official records, is as follows: 1896................ 1,380,000.00 1901................ 1,500,000.00 CIIAPTER XXV. TOWNSHIP OFI BRI CCE. IMuch of the history of this townshllip is so intimately connected with lRomneo that reference rmust be had to the clhaplterl on tliht village in this collnectioll. The townsh'ip was at the time of its oriinall survey well timllbered with hickoryl, ash, elm, maple aFnd lid(len, with some cedar land tanlarack along the mllarshes or streams, alnd a few swlIamy plc(es. At tlhe tille of the early settlemeniits, an a'tificial structulre, circular in forml, xws found in section 3. It appears to have hlcad three gateways or open passlage ways soilne ten feet in width, and the area inclled( il this wxo(rk was a little more than an acre, and the indications led to thle conljecture that this and v:orks (of sitlilar character were built for some dlefensive purpose by a race lonog since extinct. The township was sulr'veyed 1y Joseplh Wampler on )bellalf of the governmenllllt alnd was found to contaiin 23,347 acies. "David 11ill, of St. C(lair Coulnty, blogh- t tile first pareel of lail( colneveyed by the g:overlment in thlis town. tile selection being tlie east (loe-half of the northlwest quarter of secti(o 35, Novembller 20. 1821. The next to b)uy was Asahel Bailey, xwho l)(ou)lgt the east olle-lhalf of the so(luthwlest oie-lquartter of the salle section, April 16, 1822. Only0 six bo)()l11t lands i 1823; il 1824 only two boouIhIt lands; in 1825 there were six: in 1826-7, there were four buy(rs; in 1828 (lad Challllerlill was the only buy er; il 1829 three buyers; ill 18 30 there were bl)t ei'ght, lbuIt fon tat f tote oi thile inumbers were (cgreatly increasecd yearly un1til the lands hiad all passed fr0om the hinds of the gover1nlllent. The last parcel beingl sold to Charles ILane, of LaTpeer C(ou)ity, Au1 lust 1(, 18-17, the sae being the ilorthwest one-lquarter of tie Inorthw-est one-qucarter o(f section 6. Jolln Trownsend, of Ulster Count\y, New York, was thle largest lullvel (of go\'1ernmlent landI in the( ton1, his selectilon lbeimlg on sections 4, 5, 6 and 8. al(nd aggiregated 1.295 acres. Neil Gray 525, Charles Killam 518, Isaiahl Goodrich 46t3, Leanider Tremble 520, AmiIos Brown 480, Albert Finch 400, Rufus H1all 352, David Taylor 351, John (Gooderich and Ileian Parmlee each 320, John Reynolds, Benjamin (Gould, C(ad Chanlberlin, John Taylor, Jr., John Allen, Sarmuell and William Cooley each 240 acres, Abralm Powell 200 acres, and many obtained 160 acres, -while the largest number Popuilatio1. 18837 1840 1844 185 () 1854 1860 1864 187() 1874 188() 1884 189() 1894 190)() 1 (1(1. 1,329 1,314 1,5 17 1. 541 1,340 1,845 1,785 2,058 2,099 2,031 1,909 2,080 1,973 1,993 1,(17 _1_,1, I-....................... 1,t i Assessed.aluatiion. 1842................. 76,427.00 1846.................. 94,470.00 1851.................. 116,914.00 1856................. 690(),835.00 1861................. 618,480.00 1866................. 648,350).00 1871.................. 728,070.00 187 6................. 735,00()0.00 18 1................. 1,738,000.00 1891.................1,600,000.00 1886................. 1,620,000.00 698 698 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY were content with 80 or 40-acre tracts. These bulyers of homes mostly came from central New York, Erie, Genesee, Ulster, Oneida, Livino~ston MAonroe, Washington, Onondagra and several other couinties being represented. Two ha~iled from Connecticut, one from North Carolina, and one gave, his residence as the State of 'New York. Several were from Macomb, Lapeer, St. Clair, Wayne and Oakland counties, this, state. Amongp the buyers. were several w\Nomen who becaiiie real estate owners direct fronm the g~overnmtent. Mary Gray boughit onl section 2, Leona Kittridgce anti Rebecca, Day onl section 3, AMary Ann Dyer on secti on 19, Lucinda Lea vensworth unite~d with Elilin and bougrht a 40 on section 21, Mercy Benjamin bought on 24, letsey M~IMhIps Onl section 28 and Ly dia Clhanberlin onl section 836. We have m mide no atte mpt In this paper to,ascertain w ho mnade the first cle.aring~ or erected the first buildmnis in the towniship. Sufflice it to sav that the townsiup at laroc Z was slpeedily settledt up so that (I m~ove was miade early in the sprmol( of 18 32 to formi a separate township, as the temritoiy h ld been,attached hte1etofore and formed a portion of the towii of Wssluno~ton. A meeting( of the settlers was tli( ieforet called to asseumble at the school honse fonr miles north of Romeo and a half milt we(st of the Parumlee place, to takc this matter imito comisidera tion. This ineetiln., was held et m ix in Apxal, 1882. Chianncey G'oodrich pi al(( ntl -Martin iBuzzell wa s chosen clerk. Vatiiioiis names were suiggested for thle new township, when one of the. G'rays, who was present, iprolposedi the name. of Bruce iin honor of the renowned Scotch cliieftain, which a ppears to have been acceptalble to all, and was adopted by the mneetina., and a year later-, -March (9. 1888, the township organiizatioii was effecteti anti the first towii in eet itng ortdereti helti omi the first Moutlay of April followingf atthe log school house near Bnslm(Uts. (Fromt paper preiparetl hy (-T'o. II Camnon.) At this meeting, the tltctionl re(sult, d In the election of G'iteon Gatts tor S~-'uperiso150 AIIartin Buzzell for Clerk~, Isaamc Tlhomapsomil J. X. IL. Collins anti Jesse B~ishop, Assessors; Erastns Day, George Throop anti IHemaim Ilohlinos, Commissioners of 11ighw ays;, amd ( iimabterlin, P'oor Director: Asaliel Bailel V I ( sut err Hirami Hopkins. Collector and Constable; Erastus Day, Ezra Finch, Luke Ilovey, R. Bancroft, Daniel Overson, Levi Washburn and. M\ark Wincheil, Overseers of Highways. Since that date the various1 township elections have resulteti in the following officers: Supervisors-Gideon Gates, 1883-84; Isaac Thompson, 18830-36; Herman IParmialee, 1837; County Conlimissioners, 1838-42; Minot T. Ljane, 1848-44; Hhiramal Sherman, 1845-49; hlugh G1ray, 1830; Georoce Chandler, 18313 11arvey Mellen, S1858-314; Joseph Ayres, 18335 -1838; Ihirami Shermian, 1839; Joseph Ayres, 18(30-80; Harvey Mellen, 1881-82; Georgee Townsend, 1883-1903. Clerks-Martin lBuzzell, 1833; Ilenry Porter, 1884; Jamnes, Bushnell, 1833-3(3; Gideon Gates, 1887-88; Cornelins Everts, 1889; Colatinus Day, 1840-41; Oliver Caufield, 1842 -1844; Joseph A. C. Leech, 1843-4(3; Ebenezer French, 1847-48; Watsoni Louti, 1849; Oliver Canfield, 1850; Watsoii Loud, 1831-32; Joseph.Ayres, 18538; Dexter 1\Iussey 1854; Martin B'uzzell, 1833; Williamn A. F~razier, 183(3-60 -L-evant C. i\Iclntyre, 18(31 63; S naunel A. Reatle, 18(34; Charles Jones, 1863; Willilaml A. Frazier, 18(3(-(38; G4eorgye D. Mluzzey, 18(39-71 Henry P'. Piper, 1872-78; Charles N. Coe, 1874-93; Lafayette II. Bates, 189(3 1903. Treasurers-A sahiel Bailev, 18 33-34; John A-. Day, 1885-83;- Jeremiiah Miller, 1837-38; IHiramn Yopkins, 1839; Cornelius Everts, 1-840; James Starkweathcr, 1841; henry llowarth, 1842; Martin T. Southwell, 1848; Samtuel II. Ewell-, 1844; Jeremiah 13. Ayres, 1843-48; Nathan Palmer, 1849; Lewis D). Owen., 18;50 59; Williamn B. Sutton, 1853-3(3; MAartinl Buzzell, 1837; Willicam B3. Sutton, 1'358-64; Alum agro Parmulelee, 18(5-(37; Robert Turner, 1872-74; Ge(orge ID. M'Xuzzey, 1873-77; Jeti Pretfiore, 1878-79; Eplircaini Van Burg~er 1880-88 M.Aoses ci. lmit, 1884-83; A. J. Winitermaunte, 188(3; Jonathan Stone, 1887-88; 'Jacol) P. Simm itii, 1889-90; Oei J. Smlith, 1891 -1892; Will-icam Lj. llosner, 1898-94; Jonathan Stonle, 1893-9(3 John A. Throop, 1897-98; Abra in T. Powell, 1899-1900; Jonathan Soe 1901: Fretd Ilosner, 1902-03; J. Henry Elliott, 1904-03. The Scotch settlement was nuatie in 18310 or 1831, when Dr. Nelil Grra y and his brother -1Iughi caine to Romueo, anti acting" 11ntler the,Idvice of Jesse Bishop, hocateti the tract sinc knowii as thme G'ray farmn. They hati been preceded by Crawforti, Wylie amid lDavidI Taylor, amid were followed by thle Resides, Reids,~, Ht1i)kius-, Miuirs, Wassons, Ilamil-tomis, Borla iwids mid Stepliens,. _RomI co, with its excellent school s, has mumfinmally attracteti a larpge part of the etiucational imliterests of the township. In the tenl school tlistricts, exclusive of the, Romeo District, Imowever, there is property estimated to be $311,323 and $2,210 was expended for teacher's wages iii these tdistricts diiriimg the past year. PAST AND PRESENT OF 1LACOMB COUNTY 699 T'he simall streams of Bruce have afforded mill power for several mills, each of which have played their part in the develo)pment of the coulltry. Tremble's miidll and Bancroft's mill were Iamonl' the earli(est saw mlills of the town, whille back II in albot 185() Samluel Deneen and his partnerl(, Smith, built Ca 'rist mill in the southwest (or1ner of section 31. Ilere they clid a large and nflourishinr business, particuluarly aIfter the mills at Clift(o had been burned 111ad bef)ore they were -rebllilt by the Grays. D)eneen continlted to run the mill for some tiile, mand afterwards it was rented by a man )by the namne of Wagnner. After the mill bulrned, thLe millS site was purchased by the Gray brothers, who owned at that time both the Cfliftoln ll1s lower (-own the strela( and the millls at Lakeville furthellr ul. Their purpose undoubtedly was largely to control the watel power p betw een the two inills. By an arranglement with the (Grays, Jlamlles (laspie built a plaster miill and rail it on alnd off for sev'eral yea rs, dulring wic titch e feed was also grollid ilere. The ecast mill, now called Glen mnill, located two miles west anld a half i mile north of itolneo, was another g'rist nill which has had a longo successful career. The po)lpulatioll of the towlshil) as per cen sus returnis has beell as follows: 1837.................... 184(0.................... 1845.................... 185(.................... 1854.................... 18 6(.................... 1864.................... 187(').................... 1874.................... 1880.................... 1884.................... 1890.................... 1894.................... 19()(0).................... 19(04.................... 889 1,128 1,375 1,555 1,453 1,807 1,830) 2,145 2,045 2,1()3 2,078 2,()21 1,947 1,789 1,7389 1896................ 1,45(0,( 0.00 1901................ 1,560,000.00 CIhAPTER XXVI. TRANSPORTATION. As has been frequently mentioned the waterwalys furnished in the early days, were almost the only highways about the county. Accordingly the construction of somle means of water colllmuniicationI early followed the settlemenlts of the colllty and ralisingl of products in too great a quantity to )be trfan:sported in cacnoes. As the count'ry d(eveloped, highways were constructed aloing the Indian trails or along the rid(ciges where, with the least labor, a road could be made, which would allow the passage of horses and the rude vehicles of the tilme. Further progress and the demand for easier way s of transportation, led to the construction of plalk )lroads along whichl "the coach and fourr" carried passengers and mnail, as well as slower-going heav ily-laden wag'os. (Cstructiol of steai(' roads laroely did alwaylv with the necessity for the planlk road and its later successor, the gravveled turnpike, and thle coiming of the electric lines wNiped out the last of the toll roads. It would be interestini' to trace the gradual changec aind ilnp)roveilent in these various methods of transportation, and the writer presents here the results of a painstaking research of tlenry 0. (hapaton upon tle construction of waCter vehicles in the county. "As a result of the absence of any means of transportation except by water during the early years of the last century, the building of boats became one of the necessary, and in fact was one of the ordinary, occupations of those of the pioneers who had settled along the lake and the rivers of this county. The journeys to the settlements, the selling of their produce and the bringing home of the supplies were made successively by canoe, bateau and theln by small schooners or scows. These were the customary vehicle of travel and were built in large numbers by the dwellers along the water, and ranged in size from ten up to forty or fifty tons. They were ordinarily fashioned with blunt stems and sterns, carried a centreboard and were generally rigged as schooners, although here and there could be found a sloop rig. These boats were good sailors, easily handled and well fitted for the conditions found in the trade from Lake St. Clair to Detroit. The sailing of these boats was a splen 1l1ie aIssessed valuation of the )property the townshil as equalized by tlhe Board Suplervisors has )been as follows: of of 1842 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891................$ 63,861.50................ 77,537.(00.................. '94,238.00..................689,950.00................ 641,1 80.()0.................648,390.00.................... 776,700().00.................3790,000.00................ 1,78().000.00................ 1,700,000.00................ 1,650,000.00 700 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY did school of seamanship, and many are the men handling the largest lake vessels of to-day who started their work in the wood scow. As the county of Macomrb was for the most part heavily timbered, the clearing of the land produced a very large supply of every sort of tinmber product. Staves, boards, planks and lumber formled a large part of the eargoes of these boats, and in connection with flour, wheat, corn, furs and peltries gave rise to a very large trade to and froim Ietroit. In 1834, a report prepared by an engineer of the United States Government, states that the exports from the Clinton 1River were annually about 42,000 tons. Competition was very keen between the owners and masters of rival schooners, and each would Imake every effort to make a, quicker trip than the other. A road was cleared through the woods on the south side of the Clinton River, and the boats, when the wind did not favor, were towed up and down the river by meians of oxen and horses. Three round trips a week between Detroit and Mit. Clemens represented the very fastest dispatch, while the trip to Chicago and return sometimes took six weeks. 'T'he building of boats besgan here at a very early day and contillued until the dliinlishing supply of oak timnber and the use of iron and steel in ship constmruction brought about the decrease of woolden ship construction. The bllilding of a b)oat in the early days represented a very large amollunt of hand labor. After the tree was selected, it was felled by axemen and hauleld down to the yard by tealms of oxen and horses. The log was then taken, lifted on supports adld sawed lengthwise by two men using a long saw, one imal standinl on top of the log and one beneath. After beingl sawed, it w as shaped b:y broadaxes and fiurther sawing tand steamlling to formt the rib 1nd planks, which were firmly bolted together by long bolts and pins. The wages of the ship carpenters were froml five to six dollars a day and would generally be taken in store pay. Mr. Antoine J. Forton, one of the older settlers, remembers that his father took a load of twenty cords of four-foot cordwood to Detroit on his scow and was finally offered 25 cents a cord for it, and that in store pay. Of the smaller sailing vessels there were built a very large number of which history has kept the names of a few as well as the names of some builders, more than ordinarily successful. Beginning on the shore of Erin township, the "Sailor Boy', "'elen", "News Boy", "Jullia', "'Columbus ', and " ''Amli' were built by Louis Frazhor. "Two Broth ers', "'Two Sisters ', the " Jennie', by Whitmore Brothers. Then follow the names of the "Nettie Fily", "Wilcox", "Jellie", "Freeman" "Rooster" ', "Elizabeth7 7 "Reaper"' '(1Canadian I, I"lue Bird ", ' Sta rl Iht' "HIonest Boy.V In Iarrison township, Robert Thomalls built in 1867 "Frances", for Oliver C(haplatonl; 1871 "''May Rose"; 1873, "I:atilda" for (ilbert Lacroix and Louis Chalrbonllneaul S1., "Moneymalker" for M. and J. IPeltier alnd "Wildflower" for Joe Ballor. In 1869 \ was built near Liverpool the scow "' ( arib)alli nanlmed by her owwner MAr. Rose, a patriotic Italian. In 1866, the "'Edna"l' 40 toi:s Awas built. Joseph Pomaville uilt the "SInow Ball"' and then finisledc a, second, which he wished to amee the "Suivez Moi' (Follow Me), in scorn of all other good scows, but was induced by the officials at the cust)om, house to adopt the more pacific ternl of "F'olrester." Aniiong the )boats b)uilt in the C(lintoln Rver are rememnl)ered the " Iarcellus ', lbuilt at the village of Marcellus by (Capt.;Jolhn Iayes; "Isaac Russ", for I)aniel Rulss; "Sainte Mary7, owned by Joseph Allm(r, Sr. " nshine", for I)upre, of Ietroit; "Sweeperl, for Louis ( ll arii bomniau, S "1lidi Star Edd Bie ', et and La keside. Along the Baltillore slhore A\-wre bullilt the "St. Stephen" ' by Stelphen R1oe; "('Greenback', bV ( eorge Steigoer; "Saw but) " 'unter", "BetsIay', "Pres(que Isle', "'Mike", "Porter" a:(nd Ntapoleon7, in l18:6 the "J. L. Quinby, a schooner of 82 tons: 1869, ' Iucinda Lozen"; in 1870, the "\Vnl. L. Axford" 31 tons; and in 1881 "l)ais v, a small )palsseno'er' stea"1iilmoat. The Ilattie" was al slall passenllger stealmboat built in 1882 at Fanr I-aven, wh-ere was also Iulilt the "J. S. Ruby'", 128 tonls. 'Te first recorded lbuilding of lbots on the Clinton R]liver x ws in 1820, whlen the schoonler "Christiall Cleillells" was blilt for O)liver Newberry, lwho was a vern promillnent merclihant and vessel ownmer of that d(ay. I1I 1826 the schooner "'La ( 'rang'e", 101 ton>s, was built, wihich was one of a.large fleet of scehoolners launchled at that timle, of which w-e mhave tile nrames of "General Warrenl", 74 tons; "Forester'", 50 tons; "H'arriet', 60 tolns "' tica", 40 tolns; "'Lark'", 25 tolns; "'Indell(de"iee 70 tons; "(Governlor Cass', 6() tonls; " Shi;awassee", 80 tons. The "Andrew Jackson'' was the first steamboat built in the Clinton River. She was a sidewheeler of 49 tons, bumilt in 1826 by Gray & Gallegher (who afterward becalae her cap PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 7oi tainl), ald ran in the lumber and g'rain trade fromi I)etroit to Lake Erie ports for several years. The " Major Jack Dovwning', namlled for a fictitious character noted in the political history of that tille, was built in 1834, of 54 tons burdenl, and was a stern whleeler, such as are now seen on the Ohio ald Mississippi rivers. In 1828 was built the "l'ady of the Lake", of 26 tons, for Alfred Ashley, a side wheel passenger steamer. The "Macomb " and "Romeo" were built in 1836 and 1837 respectively. They were also side wheel steamboats and ran in the upper lake passenger trade. 'The " Lady of the Lake ' was rebuilt here in 1838, under the direction of Capt. John A. Sanders, who moved here in 1848, and commenced his work as a boat builder, which continued until 1880, during which time nearly every large boat constructed here was built by himn or under his direction. Capt. Sanders was a careful, competent, thoroughly reliable man, and his reputation as a builder of stanchl and strong' vessels was widespread. IHe built the schooners "Mlariner", "Euphemia" 60 tons, which was sent to the ocean; "Sea Bird"', for T. W. Snook, and the "Elydia."' The sloop "Francis" was built for a number of young men, amlong whom were Andrew S. Robertson, Fred Lewis, and Malcolnm MIcLeod. Among the scows that lie built were the "Argus", "'Dan Tucker"', for James Tucker; " '\Mary Jane ", built at the foot of New street, for Capt. Whipple; "Pike", a square topsail fast sailing scow which carried grain and lunber to Detroit "J. A. Sanders", for Williaml Jennney; "Union", a large gaff topsail scow, for Louis Chairb onneau, Sr., and Oliver Chapaton, and which was finally sold to Capt. Beauvais at Fair HIaven; "Lily Dale''' 47 tons, for Louis Charbonneau, Sr., and Edward J. Tucker; the "Emily", for Louis Charbonneau, Sr., and T. XW. Snook; and the ''"arriet" for T. W. Snook. The first two steamboats built by Capt. Sanders w-ere constructed the same as the sailing vessels. A keel was laid and to this planks laid fiat together to form the bottom were bolted by iron bolts placed eighteen inches apart. The sides were bolted together in the same manner and fastened to the bottom planks at a right angle, in which a keelson was placed. Ribs were not used, but the strength depended upon the solidity with which the planks were fastened. "Nevada"' was built in 1865, 41 tons, 16 horse power engine (high pressure), for a company composed of Charles Lamb, Wesley HIinman, Charles Robinson and Captain Sanders. HIer engine is now in the sand scow "Wonder". In 1867 "Arizona" was built for T.. Snook, ran about seven years when her engine was taken out and she was made a tow barge. The "Florence" was built in 1869 for Oliver Chapaton and Gilbert Lacroix. She was 56 tons, 20 horse power, well modeled and built of rib and keel construction. In 1872 the "Ida", 57 tons, 40 horse power, was built for Capt. Albert Tucker as a freight steamlier. After ten years she was remodeled into a passenger boat and ran between Detroit and Mt. Clemens for a number of years. She was later cut down into a freight boat and sold to Clha rles Kath, by whom she was sold in Sandlusky. In 1873 the "T. W. Snook", 168 tons, 112 horse power, was built for T. W. Snook. She was sold shortly after and passed into the hands of Capt. Iarris Baker, who now uses the boat as a wrecker. In 1877 the "Morning Star", 56 tons, 50 horse power, was built for Gilbert Lacroix, Louis Charbonneau, Sr., and Michell Peltier. She was finally sold to Brown, of Sandusky. In 1879 the "Louis Gilbert" was built for (ilbert Lacroix and Louis Charbonneau, Sr., who sold her to Lonsby Brothers, from whose hands she passed to Lake Michigan. In 1880 the steam barge "City of Mt. Clemens?", 69 tons, was built by Oliver Chapaton and Gilbert Lacroix. She is now owned in Wallaceburg. In the same year William Ihall and Rudolph Kandt built the stealm 1arge "William Rudolph'", 209 tons. She ran in the lunber trade and is now in Lake iMichigan. In 1882 were launched the steam barge "Itandy Boy"' and tow barge "Nellie", both built by William Hall. The "llandy Boy" was sold and the "Nellie" rebuilt into a passenger steamer about 1887. She ran in and out the river for some years. In 1880 the "Virginius'" was built by Williai Daley and Philip Shook. She was sold soon after beino launched and her name changed to "Ida M. Torrent". The next year the same parties built a second "Virginius", 468 tons, which was sold to Lake Michigan and was renamed the "Thos. D. Stimpson". She was afterwards again owned by a syndicate composed in part of Thos. W. Newton, Charles Lonsby, Anthony Czizek, and by them sold again. In 1887 the steam barge "Atlantis", 93 tons, was built by T. W. Snook and Son, and 702 PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY ran in the lumber and salt trade. She is still owned by this same firm. There have been only two yachts built here, "Euna", by Ienry Russell, and " Roberta'", 25 tons, in 1888, by Charles Plass, for E. R. Egnew. "Roberta" was a very handsome, expensive yacht, which, after a varied career, now lies on the bottom of Lake Erie. The era of the most building and of the largest boats commenced when William Dulac, who had been a vessel captain on the lakes, began building boats for the Tonawanda Barge Line, in which he had an interest and which operated saw mills at Malnistique, M1ichigan. A nunber of boats were built for them at the yard down the river, besides a few for Mt. Clemens owners. The "Jennett" was the first boat built at that yard. She was 312 tons, a tow barge. In 1882 was built the "A. Weston"', steam barge of 511 tons (net), for this line and also the "Elmer"', a tug which was sent to Manistique. The:City of Mi\t. Clemens'", 85 tons, 45 horse power, was built in 1884 for Oliver Chapaton and Gilbert Lacroix, and run in the lumber and salt trade. In 1885 was launched the tow barge "Eleanor", 400 tons, followed in 1886 by the steam barge "Canisteo", 539 tons. In 1887 by tow barge "Aloha", 500 tons; in 1887 by the "F. iR. Buell ", a double decker of 1,199 tons, and the 'Annabell Wilson", a tow barge of 467 tons. In 1889 were launched the "A. Stewart", 533 tons, named for the master builder; "Benjamin I arrison'", 511 tons, both tow barges; the scow "Exilda," the "Adele", a small tug for the Clinton River, and "Lily'', 79 tons, for Capt. John N. Tucker, which runs in the Clinton River, with coal cargoes. In 1890 was launched the steamboat "Byron Whitaker", 1,206 tons. The same year the tow barge "J. B. Loze"'', was launched followed the next year by the "Norwalk", 881 tons, which was the largest boat ever built here, built for the Shoal Water Transportation Company, composed in part of Mt. Clemens capitalists. The engines and boilers of this boat were placed in position at the shipyard and heroic efforts were necessary to get her to Lake St. Clair. She is still owned by this company and runs in the ore, lumber and general carrying trade. In 1895 the passenger steamer "Mineral City" was launched for Bert Dulac, who has since run her in the passenger and excursion trade in and out the river. The last boat built at this yard was constructed for Thos. W. Newton, Charles Kath and William Pingel, and was named the "Clinton.?' She is a steam barge of 62 tons, is now in possession of the Lonsby Lunber and Coal Company, and used in the coal trade from Ohio ports to Mt. Clemens. But there were seasons when the old settlers could not make use of the boats, because of the ice, solid or floating. Then even in the days of the canoe some sort of a highway was necessary. When the ice was solid it was usually over the ice that the pioneer traveled on foot or with the pony. The Indian trail or sand ridges furnished the guides for the earliest of these ways, or else they ran along the banks of the lake or river on which, in summler, tlhe traveler's boat glided. Naturally the earliest roads ran along the lake shore, then llup the banlks of the rivers. In 1818 Judge Bunle, of St. Clair County, made use of a most unique highway. 1Heavy ice had come down from Lake Huron and blocked up the channels of the St. Clair River so effectually that the waters were set back and Lake St. Clair and Dletroit River wer e literally drained. Thle waters of the lake had receded at least four miles from the shores in places. The Judge chose one of the sand ridges, formed in the tbottomn of the lake, and drove along that so far out that when about a mile from Milk River Point he was' where water was usually mnay feet deep and fully four miles from the ordinary shore. Similar blockades have produced lilk effects at various times since, but never, it is believed, to quite the same extent. The earliest internal road constrlucted in the county and, indeed, in the state, was the olcd Merdian or Moravian Road fronm the Moravian Settlement at Frederick to Connor's Creek, at Tremble's:lill, spoken of elsewhere. 'The I:ake Shore and River Roads were established merely by users andl changed fromn time to time as the waters ate in on the banks or receded from() the iarshes, and it was not until after the English had abandoned! the country to the Americans that anything like systelmatic efforts were imlade to establishl legal highways. With the founding of ilterior settlenments at Utica, Ronieo, etc., caime the call for ways to reach them. With the tide of Newx Englanders and York-Stalters that began in the '20's, who brought with them the ideas current in their former homes of home-rule and local self-government, camne a deniand for increased and better ways of reaching their new homes than they had been compelled to use in coming in. Territorial and state roads were called for and laid out, and yet it is probable that outside of the settlements themselves there were few roads. PAST A)ND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 703, worthy of the name, except rambling trails connecting the settlements before the making of the Military Road from Fort Gratiot to Fort Wayne, undertaken by the National Government as a military measure in 1827. The start of this idea has been credited to Father Gabriel Richa rd, the Priest-Congressman of Detroit. The contracts for the construction of this road, usually taken in seetions of quarter or half miles by the more enterprising of the settlers, called for a roadbed thirty-three feet wide, raised by turnpiking up so as to be in the center two-and-a-half or three above the roiadside ditches, with suitable drains, clllverts, bridges and causeways; for a space of t welty feet on each side of this roadway, all trees and underwood were to be "felle(l in such a:1manner, that no stump shall lbe left more t han a distance of two-thirds of its diameter, abl)ove the general surface of the ground; and tllis space is to be cleared of tilmber, brullsh anI( grIlbs of every description. O()n a space of thirteen a11(d a half feet adjoining the space last describedl, on each side of said road, the tinler was also to be felled, ''but the same nlia le ay e ne in the most conivenient imanner."' It is praob)able that in many cases the last mentioned strip of thirteen feet and(t a half was never regarded by any one as p1art of the hiughway, lbut merely cleared for the blenefit of the road. a iprocess that, altlhough involving destruction of timber, was not in those days liable to aro(use ay OlpI)ositioni oil the 1ipart of the aidjoining land-o(wner. The ad(l havig n been built by tilhe federal g)overnmenaet its care and comitrol was taken over by the state in 1831. In this latter year a Ii'ohway from Ai t. Clemens to Sault Ste. Marie by wayI of Romeo, Lalpeer a11(t Sag8i naw was authorized by the legislature a:nd Daniel LeR oy, Naithaniel Squires, anid Horace II. (Cady were appoinlted Comminissioners to lay out the samie. Durino the same yea r Roswell R. (Green, 1,orace Foot and Thomlas Palimer were aippointed Commissioners to lay out a road froni Romneo to St. Clair. In 1837, William Lewis of Mt. Clemens, hleman Nye, andl Aaron B. Rawles of Romeo were authorized to estal)lish a road from Mt. Clemens throu(gh the center of Ray to Romeo, and in the following year a similar road fromi Mt. Clemens to Flower's Store in Armada by way of the Crawford and Chubb settlements was plainned and Wnm. Canfield, Stewart Taylor, and Azariah Prentiss made Commissioners. Similar steps were taken in 1828 for a road along the entire length of the county line between Macomb and Oakland Counties; from I)etroit, "running by the Old French Church (so-called), above the City of Detroit, * * * to a point between Nathaniel Squires and Enoch Iluntley's on the River Clinton;'' in 1833 for a road from Mt. Clemens to Shelby along the river; in 1834 for one fron0 MIt. Clemens to Chamberlin's Mills in Iiapeer Co. and one fronm Leech's Mills in MIacolmb Co. to Detroit. Not all of these roads so authorized were actually opened and by 1840 the machinery of road districts and for the laying out of highways by township authorities had become so far perfected that little more legislation to that end was needed; this work and the making of a record of the laying out of highways fell to the township authorities. The 40's and ()'s constitute the era of pllalnk roads. The Gratiot was turned over from: Detroit to TMt. Clemens to a corporation whN)o plankled it and collected toll, and only today is. the last vexstige of that regime disappearing'. Another plank road fronim t. Clements ran to Roiiieo and for years furnished the chicef thoroough fa re!iet ween the two chief villages of the C(oanity. Another ran from ITtica do(wn to nlleet the (Cratiot at Utica Junction, seven miiles below Mt. Clemens; another ran froint Detroit up into Warren, while the RoUmeo and Ashley Planlk Road brought blusiness and prosperity to that lake port. It is almiost imiip)ossibtle for the young of today to alppreeiate the extent of the benefit to the coiity that these plaink roads with their improved roa(dwayis furtnished to the shippers of p reduce. In their best days they were thronged with ia cotinullus line of wagons ladeim withi outt-goiigi p)rodliucts and in-comlling war'es. Alollg their lines spruig up hotels and taverins that were tlhe source of much coiiifort to the traveler, and the scenes of mnaivy, iain iy miirth-p)rovokinog capers, the hoiries of,jolity and fun, as well as the centers of distribution of the news of the day. There gathered nightly. iiot only the regular teainsters who year in and year out carried to and fro the crops of thle farms and the mlerchaindise for which it was exchanged, but also here, too, could be found with equal reg'ularity all the ieig hilborhood farmers, there to learn what was going oni outside, and the boys and (girls, to gaily trip the light fantastic toe. The halls of these taverns were frequently in rivalry made very large, and the gallants of those days were as fanmiliar with the number of sets that could form on the floors of the halls at Brooklyn, Utica, Lutes', Beebe's Corners. Burk's Corners or Selleck's as is the 704 7o4 ~PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY iaiodern boy with the daix's base-bcall seore. These gcathering Iplaces aloig the. lines of plank roads and stage, line played as imJportant a part in the sociali lile of the county as did the roads in its industrial life, and that can only be coinpared with the samne feature of our nmodern steaon and electrice lines. Thne marches on a,(nd what wais dlmost lu1xurIious case in one~I day i-s rouogh h'irdship of anothe-,,r. The comning of tine st-ciam roadis SolIlided the death knell of the phu~k road, now generally graveled tuirnpikcs, w blat litt~le passenger traffic, the stream road K ft forthe stage coach the suiburban e1 etri line has taken away, and now rura,,l friec dclivecry talkers away the last shadowN of an excust for stage line. Of these unromnantic niodern im nproveinenits, with which weare all s,,o fauiliar, little need be said except to give th-1- prosaic informiation of their comining The Detroit Ibraxcli of the Grand Ti- unk~ R'ailwava of Canada. was ibuilt under the, iiaine of the Detroit aiid Canada, Grand~ Trunk Junction Railroad in 1859 through the townships of Erin, Clinton, Chesterfield, Lenox and the sontheast corners of the townships of W~arren,N MacomUb a iid Richmiond. Ten er later the _Michig~an Air Line Railroad was built fromn Lenox (thent Ridgeway) across the northern tier of tow~Nnships to Romeo and in 1879 exteinds westerly and southerly across \\Taslhington axid the northwest corner of Shelby to Pontiac. About the same timee the iDetroit and Bay City RailwNay, now a pa,'rt of the ihia Central svstemii was built almiost exactly alongthe line, and in iniany places using the old roadbed of the IDetroit and Shelbyv Railroad, the lpride of (Guxdon C. Leech, the old horse, strahpraii fcaiuli e of the, late thirties. Trhe ipionee r of tli( electric lilies is the Rapid Railroad bcetw een M.\t. Clemens and Detroit along the (oratiot T uirnpikce, w~-inch began operation in Jul-v 1895, anid has lbeenl a proiioinced hbnsili( ss snceess since that time. The local M-At. Cleniens liue was started in 18(90 as a horse-car line; wNTas combined with the M.\t. Cleniens and Lakeside Traction Co. (and became in coxiiectioui with its line to Lakceside in Harrison an electric line, in 1897. The line0 soon after became a part of the Detroit, Mt. Clemiens Lake Shore line,7 which runis froni Detroit via Grosse Pointe up the lake shore to Lakeside and thence into M\t. Clemens. The following year under the receivership of Judge Tucker the Detroit and River St. Clair Railway was completed froni Chesterfield Sta tion on the G rand 1Triink throuigh the towit of Chesterfield and the V illage of New -Baltimore out to Algona andl Marine City. This becoming Onl its tompletion the prolpeity of the corporation. ownin iithe Rapid, the two were, connected by a line along the G'ratiot fromt M~~t. ClemUens to Che ster Iaiel aiid extended to Port Hutron, and thus constituted at that tiiii the longest electri lime in tli( country, which also sooMI albsorb( d the Iake~ S'hore hue. In 1899 the conipletion of th( D)etroit, Rochester, Ronmeo cand L-ake Orion ElIctie tin imgae to the two nortlhwesternm tow~ns of tll( I ounty fre(Iuent access to l.Dtroit a11d outside points,,. The Detroit and Utica Rod w(aXXs in 1901 cornplieted as far as ( nteri Inn baeyond which it hasnota~syet beetn ptusihd. Thiese lines with their hourly oi halt ouloii service have done niuch to bring to the frii imer ma,(ny of the advantages of the village, and judgling froin their constant and Iir(qutint uise fill the proverbial ''longo felt wanit. CHIAPTE R XXVII. COURTS AND BAR OF MACOMB COUNTY. Under the territorial laws in force at the, time the countywsognzd it was provi'ded that in each county a County Court should be held by one chief aiid two Associate Justices, either of whoni should formn a quorum. Accordingly, upon the organization of the county, Christian Clemiens was appointed Chief Justice of the County Court with Daniel LeRoy and William Thomupsomi Associates. We quote fromt an article prepare~d by the late Judge Eldredge on the early County aiid. Circuit Court records prepared to be read be,fore the mneetling of time B~ar Association: ''From the records, entitled ' Records of the Couiity Court of the County of Macomb, Attest, John Stockton, Clerk,' we glean the following: At a session. (if thme Court for the Coumty of Macomib held at the house of Christian Clemens, Esq_-uire, iii the town of MIt. Clenmiens on Monda~y, the 13th dlay of July, 1818; present, Christiaim Clemens, Esq., Chief Justc Daniel LeRoy and William. Thompson, Associate Justices. After the grand jury wvere called and sworni Coxirt adjounrued umtii- three o 'clock, p. m. Upon again convening, Ezra Prescott -was admitted to practice as an attorney and counsellor of the Court xipon mnotioxn, and produetion of his license, showing his admission PAST AND PRESENT OF MACOMB COUNTY 705 as an attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court of the State of New Hampshire. The seal of the Clerk was adopted as the seal of the Court which then adjourned until the next day. Upon convening upon the 14th, the grand jury having been called, and making no presentments they were discharged and the Court adjourned without day. The next term was held at the same place by the same Justices February 1st, 1819; a grand jury sworn and duly charged, who, however, found no indictment. After dismissing several appeals and disposing of some minor motions, the court again adjourned without the trial of a cause. July 12th. 1819, the judical machinery had, however, gotten into working order, for we find that two cases were tried by jury. The first was that of Tromble vs. Dupree, where the jury composed of Nathan Coggswell, James Thorington, William Smith, 11. R. Underhill, Ezekiel Allen, Levi Blancet, James A. Clark, Robert Stockton, John Tucker, Benjamin Tromble, John B. Verniea, Jr., and Louis Chapaton rendered a verdict for the plaintiff of $36.50. The second trial was that of Westbrook vs. Austin, where the plaintiff secured a verdict of $100.00. At the next term, which commenced on the 6th day of February, 1820, business was still more lively. The grand jury found eleven indictmen(ts for various offenses, among them being two against Henry Cottrell for an offelse, that I am conifident is very common in these days, and when I name it, you and I, Mr. Chairman, as well as many others, will have reason to congratulate ourselves that the law, statute or conmmon that provided for such indictment, has gone into disuse. Otherwise our jail would be filled and our courts busy. According to the journal entry, M\r. Cottrell was indicted for "contempt of Law,." Contempt of law! What litigant, when upon some technicality, justice has been denied him, has not been grossly guilty of this offense? What lawyer, when listening to the charge of the Court or the verdict of the jury that sends him out of Court beaten and chagrined has not been guilty of this offense? We search the records carefully to find what becanme of the prisoner, Ienry Cottrell, who, by his plea of not guilty, meekly and persistently insisted that he harbored no contempt for law, and find that on the next July term, this record was made: "On motion of the prisoner's counsel, it is ordered that the prisoner and his surety be discharged fron their recognizance." We may well wonder what the great Chief Justice would have done to this poor culprit had he dared to admit that he was guilty of contempt of law. What penalty do we suppose would have in his opinion measured the enormity of one's turning up his nose or snapping his fingers at the threat, "I will have the law on you." At the same term, it appears from the record that the Chief Justice went down from his high place on the bench and meekly made application to the Court for license to keep a tavern, and the Associate Justices, constituting the Court, cause it to be entered of record that they, upon due examination and inquiry, were satisfied of the good moral character of the Chief Justice, and that he was able to keep a hotel, and order him to give bonds and be licensed. Accordingly the bond was made conditioned that the said Christian Clemenls "shall maintain good order and rule and shall suffer no disorder nor unlawful games to be used in his said house, and shall not break any of the laws for the regulation of the tavern." And thereupon came the Sheriff of the county, the late Zepheniah W. Bunce, and signed the bond for the Chief Justice. At the next term held in July, 1820, Spencer Coleman, haviing produced the certificate of Chancellor Kent of his admission to practice in New York, was admitted to practice in this state. At this same term, Daniel LeRoy, Samnuel T. Davenport, Jr., Benjamin F. II. Witherell