JOHNA.SEAVERNS 
 
<^yh 
 
FRA.NK FORRESTER'S 
 
 HORSE AND HORSEMANSHIP 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 BRITISH PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 BY 
 
 HENRY WILLIAM HERBEET, 
 
 AUTHOK OP 
 
 "frank forester's field sports," "fish and fishing," 
 "the complete manual for young sportsmen," 
 
 ETC., etc., etc. 
 
 EEVISED, CORRECTED, ENLARGED, AND C0NTINT7ED TO 1871, 
 
 BY 
 
 S. D. & B. G. BRUCE. 
 
 WITH THIRTY ORIGINAL PORTRAITS OF CELEBRATED HORSES. 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 VOL. L 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 GEO. E. WOODWARD, PUBLISHER, 
 
 191 B R O A. 13 "VT" A. -5^- - 
 
 1871. 
 
lintered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by 
 
 STRINGER & TOWNSEKD. 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Sou. hem District of 
 
 New Yorlj. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, hy 
 
 GEO. E. WOODWARD, 
 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
PUBLISHER'S PREFACE. 
 
 "TpOUETEEN" years have elapsed since the publication of the 
 -^ first edition of this work, during whicli time it has been an 
 acknowledged standard authority. 
 
 The demand for a revised edition, with the history and records 
 of recent noted horses, has induced the publisher to spare no ex- 
 pense to increase its well-earned reputation. 
 
 The editorial work lias been thoroughly well done by Messrs, 
 S. D. and B. G. Beuce, tlie Vt'-ell-known editors of the Turf, Field, 
 and Farm. Pedigrees, performances and importations of botli thor- 
 oughbred and trotting horses have been revised and continued to 
 date, and complete histories and performances furnished of Asteroid, 
 Kentucky, Dexter, Lady Thorne, Goldsmith Maid, Thorucdalc, Ba- 
 shaw, Jr., Eysdyk's Hambletonian, Ericsson, Edward Everett, 
 Young Morrill, and Imported Leamington. Twelve new steel 
 engraved portraits of the most famous representative horses have 
 been added, making thirty in all. 
 
 Thanks are due to P. C. Kellogg, Esq., for valuable assist- 
 ance kindly rendered ; to A. J. Alexander, Esq., Messrs. S. D. and 
 B. G. Bruce, E. W. Cameron, Esq., Major L. Tilburn, Eobert Bon- 
 ner, Esq., Edmund Thorne, Esq., S. H. Perkins, Esq., Hon. K. C. 
 Barker, and G. H. Andrews, Esq., for original portraits of horses, 
 from which engravings have beeu made. 
 
 New Yokk, Felrua^y, 1S71. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It is a matter worthy of note, that in a country which, perhaps, 
 exceeds any other in the civilized world, in the general appre- 
 ciation, and general nse, among all classes of citizens, and in all 
 districts of the land, of that noble animal. The Hoese, there is 
 no American standard work on the subject. 
 
 With a strain of thorough-blood, derived undoubtedly from 
 the best stock of the mother country, but now entirely acclimated, 
 and in some degree altered or modified by climature and breed, 
 and trained under different auspices, subject to widely-different 
 diseases, the consequence of different temperatures and treat- 
 ment, and run under different conditions of time, weight, and 
 distance — in a word, educated, used and handled under circum- 
 stances wholly variant — we have been contented, hitherto, to 
 depend absolutely on English authorities. 
 
 "We have no history of the Turf of America, unless such as 
 may be gleaned from the chance notices of daily journals, or the 
 statistical information to be culled from the dry details of the 
 Stud Book and Turf Register, or from reference to the spirited 
 and glowing race records of " The Spirit of the Times." 
 
 With an entirely new application of the j)owers of the Horse 
 in trotting and pacing, as practised exclusively in North Amer- 
 ica, producing a class or caste — I cannot consistently term it 
 
6 INTKODUCTION. 
 
 strain or breed, since it does not appear that blood has much, if 
 any thing, to do with the matter — of animals, in all respects dis- 
 tinct from any other in the known world, of surpassing capabil- 
 ities of both speed and endurance, not known, not understood, 
 not producible — one might say — by existing systems, in any 
 other country, we have no native account of the plan by which 
 these unrivalled creatures are formed, their powers developed, 
 their speed elicited — scarcely even have we an authentic and 
 standard account of the animals themselves, their performances, 
 or their pedigree, to which one may refer with confidence. 
 
 "With half a dozen, at the least, of distinct races of native 
 American Horses, probably, in the first instance, the result of 
 chance combinations of old, well-known and established foreign 
 breeds, which have now been improved and rendered standard, 
 as perfect native stock, transmitting their qualities both of form 
 and capacity unmixed from sire to son, we have no work fully 
 recognizing the existence of such races, much less analyzing 
 their blood and describing their points and character. On the 
 contrary, while the Conestoga horse, the Canadian, the Indian 
 pony of the North, the Indian mustang of the South, the ]SIor- 
 man horse of the ITorth-eastern British Provinces, the pacer — 
 probably of ISTarraganset origin — and the general working, or 
 farm horse, of tlie Midland States, have no chronicler, we go on 
 importing and studying elaborate treatises on the English hack- 
 ney, the English cart-horse, the English dray-horse, the Suffolk 
 Punch, the Cleveland Bay, the Galloway, the Shetland pony, 
 and I knoAV not what else ; when it is notorious to every horse- 
 man in the land, that not one of these varieties do exist — ever 
 did exist — except in the case of individual importations — or, if 
 they did exist, would be of any value or utility in North 
 America. 
 
 In the like manner, we have hitherto contented ourselves, 
 solely, with English manuals, even when in practice we do 
 
INTKODUCTION. 7 
 
 not adopt their methods, or adhere to their instructions ; 
 and when, it is notorious, that the whole systems of stable 
 management, of field management, of turf-handling and road- 
 handling, as practised in England, — owing to the discrepancies 
 of climate and the different requirements made on the speed 
 and endurance of the animals — must be subjected to many 
 modifications and changes before they can be perfectly adapted 
 to the horse in the United States of America. 
 
 Thus we hare Nimrod, on "Summering Hunters;" Nimrod, 
 on "Condition;" INimrod, on the "Road and the Turf;" 
 beside " Craven," and " Cecil," and " Harry Hieover." all 
 admirable writers on the subjects which they treat ; viz. the 
 natural or artificial adaptation of English animals to the uses of 
 British field sports and the requirements of British sportsmen, 
 but not only unversed in things as they exist, or as they are 
 required to exist, on this side of the Atlantic ; but actually un- 
 suited — by their too thorough acquaintance with and adherence 
 to the state of matters there — for understanding or apiDreciating 
 the altered condition of the same matters here. 
 
 I do not intend these remarks to apply to scientific works on 
 the pathology, physiology, or special diseases of the horse, by 
 competent veterinary surgeons, such as Youatt on the Horse, 
 or Spooner's or Morton's treatises on specialities, or the many 
 admirable essays on shoeing, bitting, breaking, the manege, 
 &c. ; which treating of subjects natural to and co-existent with 
 the liorse, wherever he exists, are, with some small modifica- 
 tions, invariably applicable, and cannot be too much or too 
 closely studied by all the lovers of the horse and horsemanship, 
 in whatever region of the habitable world they may chance to 
 be thrown. 
 
 Again, in a country like this, where the use and employment 
 of the horse, not only for labor and service, but for pleasure, for 
 exercise, for sport, is not restricted to any one or two classes of 
 
6 INTKODUCTION. 
 
 men, but is general to tlie whole people, so that the small 
 farmer, the smart mechanic, the butcher, the drover, or tlie 
 grocer at the corner, is just as likely to own his fast nag, that 
 can go his mile low down in the thirties, and to persist in keep- 
 ing him for his own delectation, in spite of bids high up toward 
 the thousand, as any millionaire in the cities — it is remarkable, 
 that so little should be known, or sought to be known, concern- 
 ing the thorough breaking, bitting, and managing of the horse, 
 v.-hether for the saddle or for draught, as it is here. 
 
 Horsemanship, also, though it be so general, that it might 
 almost be called universal, is at a lamentably low stage in the 
 northern and middle States of the Union. 
 
 I am aware that this is an unpopular and will be found an 
 impalatable statement, in general ; but nevertheless, it is a true 
 one, and I do not seek for popularity for myself or my book, at 
 the expense of truth. 
 
 It would seem, for the most part, that the dealer and the 
 owner alike, consider that all has been done that can be done, or 
 that it is desirable to have done, when it is demonstrated that 
 the animal can go so fast — possibly at some almost incredible 
 rate — and so long — perhaps, almost beyond all records of horse 
 endurance — without the slightest reference to the how, in style, 
 in form of going, in ease or hardship to the rider or driver — 
 every thing in a word in the re, nothing in the modo. 
 
 I should scarcely say too much, were I to say, that however 
 admirable the qualities of horses offered for sale in America, 
 whatever their natural style, action, or adaptation for the saddle, 
 or harness, the buyer does not meet one in one hundred, which 
 has received the slightest artificial education, which has the 
 rudiment of a mouth, that sine qua non in a finished animal, 
 the smallest knowledge of paces — even to setting off with the 
 right leg in the canter — or the least idea of carrying its crest up, 
 its chin to its chest, or its haunches under it 
 
INTRODUCTION. V 
 
 In like manner, of riders — if lie can pound liis beast along, 
 getting tlie best possible time out of him, laying himself back in 
 his stirrujDS, and hanging on by the reins, steadied by the eternal 
 running martingale, and bearing with a dead pull on the snaffle 
 bit, the horseman esteems himself, and is esteemed by his con- 
 federates and admirers, perfect in the art of equitation. 
 
 Yet, put him on a neatly broken horse, with a spirit that will 
 fire as quickly as gunpowder to the flash, with a mouth of 
 velvet, obedient to the weight of a feather — put him on such a 
 horse, with a sliarp curb, and no martingale or cavesson where 
 by to hang on, and ten to one his horse will jump from under 
 him at the first capriole or soubresault ; at all events, he will 
 sit him much as the miller's meal-bag sits on the mill-jade. 
 
 In a word, I mean that out of a thousand riders in North 
 America, there are not five whose seat on the horse is so inde- 
 pendent of their hold on the bridle, that they can sit their horse 
 with their hands akimbo, and the bridle-rein in their teeth ; 
 and if the seat be not so independent of the hand, the hand can- 
 not be independent of the seat. 
 
 In other words, if the rider, more or less, rectifies and retains 
 his seat on the horse's back by his pull on the horse's mouth, 
 the horse's motions, which are and must be regulated by his 
 mouth, will be subject to, and guided by, the rider's seat; not, 
 as they ought to be, by the rider's hand. 
 
 No man can be a fine rider who has not a fine hand — no 
 man can have a fine hand, whose seat is not entirely independ- 
 ent of his hand ; so that the latter can play like a steel spring, 
 giving and returning equally, in whatever position of the horse's 
 or rider's body. 
 
 Consequently, no rider, however excellent in any one style 
 of riding, can be called a good or finished rider. To be a per- 
 fect rider, one must have ridden, and be able, more or less, to 
 ride in every conceivable style of legitimate riding — I do not 
 
10 ESTTKODUCTION. 
 
 mean posturing or circus-riding ! Posturers and circus-riderS; 
 are rarely, or never, good riders ! 
 
 One must have known horses under him, in almost every 
 conceivable position — rearing, plunging, kicking, terrified, 
 frantic, falling and even fallen, most of all perfectly managed, 
 fine-mouthed and high-mettled — and be able to control them all, 
 before he may call himself a horseman, 
 
 Now in America, never has there been any standard book 
 published, pretending to set forward even the commonest rules 
 of stable management, bitting, breaking and mouthing young 
 horses, or even of riding them, when broken, Nor in England 
 has there been any such, since the old days of the manege^ now 
 I regret to say, obsolete — I regret to say it, because although too 
 formal, and savoring too much of ancien regime and precision, 
 it has yet much that is most valuable, nay, essential ; unless it 
 be a few late volumes on cavalry tactics, or cross-country riding, 
 and a few works on the stable. 
 
 It is this void which I hope and propose to fill, Tlie book, 
 which I have now the honor to lay before the public, is almost 
 entirely American in its details, and will, I trust, answer its 
 purpose, as what it is intended to be, a thorough and general 
 compendium of all that which most ought to be known, and 
 which will be most useful to the American horsekeeper. 
 
 In the compass of two volumes it cannot be expected that I 
 should offer, as I do not pretend to offer, a complete History of 
 the Turf, or of the Trotting Course ; but I hope it will be found, 
 that I have seized the salient and distinctive points of both, as 
 regards this almost boundless country, and presented them in 
 such a form as will not only prove entertaining, but useful. 
 
 To make a man a rider or a driver, by any written precepts, 
 is not within the range of possibilities ; much less do I aspire to 
 give to the horse-owner a work on the veterinarian science, 
 which shall in itself suffice. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 11 
 
 One is no more expected to be able to treat intricate and 
 dangerous diseases of his liorse, than he is to shoe him, fire him, 
 or cut him up for the kennel, when in the course of lime he may 
 chance to die. Any man I should hold an ass, who, his valuable 
 animal being decidedly ailing, would not send for the best far- 
 rier within his reach ; therefore, and in one word, I beg to state 
 that this work is meant only to assist the horseman ; not to 
 supersede, in two volumes, however full of matter, what can 
 scarcely be contained in half a library. 
 
 Such as it is, in a word, I intend it to be, and I hope it is, 
 thorough / and, as such, I have the pleasure to offer it to my 
 friends and the public — if, which I trust is not the case, I am 
 not bound to make a distinction between them. 
 
 The First Volume will be found to contain a brief history, 
 with some account of the natural history, of the horse ; a history 
 of the English, and of the American, thoroughbred horse ; some 
 accounts of the original thoroughbred stock of different States 
 and regions of the United States ; memoirs and descriptions of 
 several of the most distinguished racers of the United States, 
 with full and original accounts of their most remarkable races ; 
 essays on the breeding of the thoroughbred horse ; estimates 
 and views, both English and American, of the comparative 
 qualities of the English and American race-horse ; essays on the 
 points of the thoroughbred horse for racing purposes, and on 
 the true utility of the thoroughbred horse ; a list, as complete as 
 could be furnished, from the available means of information, ol 
 the thoroughbred stallions and mares imported to this country, 
 from the earliest date to the close of the year 1856 ; a set of tables, 
 carefully compiled, showing the comparative number of winners, 
 with their comparative performances, respectively got by native 
 and imported stallions, within the last twenty-seven years ; and 
 a summary of the results to be deduced from those tables. 
 
12 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 For the assistance I have received from every person — with 
 one distinguished exception, to which I shall not refer — to whom. 
 I have presumed to apply for advice and information, with no 
 farther excuse for my intrusion than the freemasonry which 
 exists between all lovers of the horse, and the importance of my 
 subject, I should be, indeed, ungracious and unmindful did 
 not 1 record my sincere gratitude ; and I trust I shall be par 
 doned if I take the liberty to name those gentlemen to whom 1 
 owe especial thankfulness, and without whose kindly aid 
 I should vainly have endeavored to accomplish my task, for 
 want of the materials, which they have most liberally fur- 
 nished. 
 
 To Mr. J. Prescott Hall, of Newport, E. I., and to Dr. Sayre, 
 of New York, for the use of their own valuable libraries, and 
 for that of the late Charles Henry Hall, enriched with his valu- 
 able MS. notes, and those of that distinguished turfman, the 
 late Cadwallader K. Golden, I gratefully acknowledge my 
 indebtedness. To Governor King, of New York ; to Mr. Wil- 
 liam Williams, of Tennessee ; to Mr. David W. Jones, of Cold 
 Spring Harbor, L. I. ; to Mr. Tayloe, of Washington City ; to 
 Mr. Miliken, of Charleston, S. C, I have to return my thanks 
 for valuable written communications, and much information, 
 otherwise unattainable. To Dr. Sayre, to that late distinguished 
 patron of all that is most manly in manhood, Mr. John C. 
 Stevens, and to Mr. Ten Broeck, I am deeply indebted for their 
 loan of, and permission to engrave, the original portraits of 
 those noble animals. Sir Archy, Eclipse, Black Maria, and 
 Pryor ; and to the owners of animals generally, for their readiness 
 to allow portraits to be made, or photographs to be taken, for 
 the use of this work. 
 
 The likenesses of Glencoe, given both as a type of the En- 
 glish thoroughbred of the present day, and as a portrait of one 
 pf the most successful of recently imported stallions, of Boston, 
 
INTKODUCTION. 13 
 
 and of Lexington, are taken from engravings, with the consent 
 of their owners, Messrs. Richards, of the Spirit of the Times ; 
 Mr. Currier, of 'New York, and Mr. Ackerman, of London. 
 That of Fashion, with her foal, is from an ambrotype, for which 
 I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Reber, her present owner, 
 there not existing any satisfactory portrait of her in oils. A new 
 feature of this first volume, is ten complete genealogical tables, 
 tracing back their blood to the most remote sources, of seven of 
 the most celebrated English horses to which our American stock 
 are chiefly referable, and of three, the champions of the Ameri- 
 can Turf. 
 
 The Second Yolume, perhaps, of broader interest, will be 
 found to contain accounts of the general horse stock of America ; 
 the horse stock of the various States ; the various distinct 
 families, as the Conestoga; the Canadian; the ISTarragansett 
 pacer ; the Yermont draught-horse ; the Lidian i^ony ; a disser- 
 tation on the Morgan horse ; on the trotting horse ; a compen- 
 dious history of the trotting turf from its commencement, in the 
 year 1818, to the close of the year 1856, with memoirs, pedi- 
 grees, descriptions and performances of the most distinguished 
 animals ; lists of famous trotters ; time tables ; essays on breed- 
 ing ; breaking ; horsemanship ; field, stable, and road manage- 
 ment ; on stabling, with views, plans, and estimates ; on shoe- 
 ing ; and on the diseases of the liorse — the volume concluding 
 with the rules of the leading Jockey Clubs and trotting courses 
 of the United States. 
 
 In the literary portion of this volume 1 have been aided by 
 contributions from Mr. S. D. Harris, of the Ohio Cultivator ; ot 
 Mr. Joshua Clements, of Dayton, Ohio ; Mr. John Strohm, ot 
 Lancaster Co., Ohio ; Mr. A. Y. Moore, of Schoolcraft ; Mr. 
 W. G. H. Pelton, of Grand Rapids ; Mr. E. Adams, of Adrian ; 
 Mr. Chas. A. Jeffries, of Dexter ; a correspondent, whose name 
 is unfortunately lost, from Ypsilanti, Michigan ; and from Mr. 
 
14 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 J. H. Wcallace, of the Iowa Agricultural Society ; to all of whom 
 I return sincere thanks. 
 
 For the use of the engravings of the double team match, of 
 Mora Temple and of Pocahontas, I record my obligation to Mr. 
 N. Currier, of New York ; for the use of that of Lady Suffolk, 
 to Mr. G. ^Y. Lewis ; and for that of Young Black Hawk, to 
 his owner, Mr. Yernol, of New York. The likeness of Ethan 
 Allen is executed from an original, painted expressly for this 
 work, by Mr. Attwood, with the consent of his owner, Mr. Iloe, 
 of Vermont. The woodcuts of the Vermont draught-horse and 
 the Conestoga, are from photographs of two noble animals, in 
 the possession of Messrs. Adams & Co.'s Express Company, 
 New York ; and that of St. Lawrence, from a photograph be- 
 longing to the proprietors of " Porter's Spirit." To each and 
 all of which gentlemen I beg to renew my acknowledgments for 
 their courtesy and the accommodation they have afforded me ; 
 and now, before throwing myself on the candid and liberal 
 construction of my friends and the public, I have only to record 
 my sense of the valuable cooperation of my friend Mr. Philip 
 H. Anthon, in compiling the statistical tables, and of Messrs. 
 Capewell and. Kimmell, the brilliant and artistical engravers — 
 to whom my publishers have wisely entrusted much of their 
 finest and most difficult work — in their execution of the plates, 
 which add so much to the intrinsic value and beauty of my 
 work. 
 
 Trusting that my labors may not disappoint expectation, and 
 conscious that if they do so, it will be owing to the magnitude 
 and difiiculty of the task, not to any want of industry or research 
 on my part. I commend myself to my readers, as ever 
 Their faithful and obliged, 
 
 Henky Wm. Herbert. 
 The Cedaes, July 1, 1857. 
 
LIST OF AUTHOEITIES 
 
 COXSIJLTED AND USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK. 
 
 The Old Testamext. 
 Xexophon be ee Equestei, 
 Flint. 
 
 QULNTUS CtJETIU3. 
 
 A New Method and Exteaoedinaey Invention to Deess Hoeses, by 
 
 the Maequis of IN'ewcastle. 
 Teeatlse on Hoesemanship, by Philip Eael of Pembeoke. 
 Beeengee's Hoesemanship. 
 Adams's Hoesemanship. 
 
 Yotjatt on the Hoese. ^ 
 
 "Wintee on the Hoese. 
 "White's Histoey of the Beitish Tuef. 
 Pick's Tuef Eegistee, 
 Weatheebt's Tuef Registee to 1845. 
 English Spoeting Magazine. 
 Annals of Spoeting. 
 Skinnee's Tuef Registee. 
 
 Poetee's Tuef Registee and Spoetlng Magazine. 
 J. RicHAEDs's Tuef Registee. 
 Cadwalladee Colden's Spoeting Magazine. 
 The Spieit of the Times. 
 The Ameeican Faemeb. 
 Skinnee's Stud Book. 
 Edgae's Ameeican Stud Book. 
 
 Miliken's Histoey of the Tuef of South Caeolina. 
 The Ohio Cui,tivatoe. 
 
16 LIST OF AUTHOKITIES. 
 
 Thb Horse, bt Youatt and Cecil. 
 
 Stable Talk and Table Talk, by Haert IIiboveb. 
 
 Practical HoRSEMAxsnip, by Harry Hieoter. 
 
 The Pocket and the Stud. 
 
 The Hunting Field. 
 
 Hints to Horsemen. 
 
 The Stud for Practical Purposes. 
 
 Practical Horsemanship. 
 
 Baucher's System of Equitation. 
 
 Stewart's Stable Economy. 
 
 The Modern Horse Doctor. Dr. Dadd. 
 
 Mason's Farrier. 
 
 "White's Farriery 
 
 Miles on Shoeing. 
 
 Nemrod on Summering Hunters. 
 
 British Eural Sports, by Stonehenge. 
 
 Updike's History of the Naeragansett Ohuroh. 
 
 American Journal of Agriculture. 
 
 Encyclopaedia Britannioa. 
 
 Knight's Penny Cyclopedia. 
 
 Linsley on the Morgan Horse. 
 
 Traite d'Anatomie Comparatif. 
 
 Traite de Physiologie Comparatif. 
 
 "Walsh's Manual of Domestic Economy. 
 
 CONSULTED BY EDITORS OF REVISED EDITION. 
 
 English Racing Calendab from 1751 to 1869. 
 
 The American Turf Registek from 1830 to 1844. 
 
 American Racing Calendar from 1845 to 1860. 
 
 English Stud Book, Eleven Volumes. 
 
 BruiJes' Stud Book. 
 
 Wallace's American Stud Book. 
 
 The American, Franklin & Kentucky Farmers, Etc., Etc, 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOL. I. 
 
 ENGRAVINGS ON STEEL. 
 
 Vignette Title, designed by F. 0. C. Darley, engraved by R. Hinshelwood. 
 
 
 
 Painted by 
 
 Engraved by 
 
 Page 
 
 GLENCOE, . 
 
 . c. 
 
 nANCOCK, . 
 
 J. C. BUTTRE, 
 
 74 
 
 SIR ARCHY, . 
 
 . A. 
 
 FISHER, 
 
 CAPEWELL & KIMMELL, 
 
 123 
 
 ECLIPSE, 
 
 . A. 
 
 PISriER, 
 
 CAPEWELL & KIMMEIX,, 
 
 154 
 
 BLACK MARIA, 
 
 . E. 
 
 troye, 
 
 CAPEWELL & KIMMELL, 
 
 242 
 
 FASHION, . 
 
 . V. 
 
 M. GI5ISW0LD, 
 
 R. niNSHELWOOD, 
 
 302 
 
 PRYOR, . 
 
 . n 
 
 DE LA'ITRE, 
 
 R. HENSIIELWOOU, 
 
 330 
 
 LEXINGTON, 
 
 . L. 
 
 MAURER, 
 
 . J. DCTIIIE, . 
 
 452 
 
 ASTEROID, . 
 
 . E. 
 
 TROYE, 
 
 T. PniLLIBROWX, . 
 
 300 
 
 KENTUCKY, . 
 
 . E. 
 
 TROYE, 
 
 T. PHILLIBROWN, . 
 
 37G 
 
 LEAMINGTON, 
 
 . J. 
 
 PAUL, . 
 
 "W. n. DOUGAN, . 
 
 412 
 
 BOSTON, 
 
 . n. 
 
 DE LATTRE, 
 
 CAPEWELL & KIMMELL, 
 
 490 
 
 ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD. 
 executed by n. orr. 
 
 Skeleton op the Horse, 55 
 
 Points op tbe Horse. Illustrated by Elis, 50 
 
 Foal's Teeth, 61 
 
 Two-Month Mouth 62 
 
 Yearling Mouth, 63 
 
18 LIST OF ILLTJSTKA.TIONS. 
 
 Page 
 63 
 
 Section of Grinder, 
 
 Two-Year-Old Mouti 
 
 Three-Year-Old MouTn, ^'^ 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 Two-Year-Old Mouth, ^^ 
 
 Four-Year-old Mouth, ^^ 
 
 Five-Year-Old Mouth, 
 
 fift 
 Six-Year-Old Mouth, 
 
 Seven- Year-Old Mouth, ^^ 
 
 Aged Mouth, 
 
CONTENTS OF VOL. I. 
 
 Page 
 
 The Horse, his Origin, Native Land, History, and Natural Historj', . . 21 
 
 History of the English Blood Horse, 74 
 
 History of the American Horse, 108 
 
 History of the American Blood Horse, 122 
 
 History of the Blood Horse in Tennessee, 140 
 
 History of the Blood Horse in New York, 149 
 
 Pedigrees, Performances and Anecdotes of Famous American Eacers of 
 
 the Modern Day, 156 
 
 Memoir of Sir Archy, 171 
 
 Memoir of Diomed, sire of Sir Archy and Duroc, 175 
 
 Memoir of American Eclipse, 178 
 
 Great Match Race between Eclipse and Sir Henry, 183 
 
 Pedigree and Performances of Ariel, 195 
 
 Ariel and Flirtilla Eace, 202 
 
 Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Black Maria, . . . 233 
 
 Pedigree, Performances and Characteristics of Wagner and Grey Eagle, . 251 
 
 Wagner and Grey Eagle's Eaces, 253 
 
 Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Boston, .... 270 
 
 Pedigreo, Characteristics and Performances of Fashion, .... 284 
 
 Eace of Boston and Fashion, 280 
 
 Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Lexington, .... 303 
 
 Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Lecomte, .... 312 
 
 The Great Contest of Lexington and Lecomte, 317 
 
 The Great Match against Time — Lexington, 323 
 
 The Great Race at New Orleans between Lexington and Lecomte, . . 333 
 
 Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Arrow, .... 342 
 
 Pedigree, Characteristics and Performances of Pryor, .... 351 
 
 Pryor and Lecomte, 354 
 
 Asteroid, ............. 359 
 
 Kentucky, 374 
 
20 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Inauguration Meeting of New York Jockey Club, 383 
 
 Kentucky against Time, 403 
 
 Imported Leamington, 546 
 
 Comparative Estimate of American and British Racers, .... 419 
 
 English and American Views, 444 
 
 Comparisons of Speed, 447 
 
 Best American and English Horses, 451 
 
 The Thoroughbred Eace-Horse, 454 
 
 Best Four-mile Heat Races, 463 
 
 To Ipsus of England, by Observer, 469 
 
 The Racing at New Orleans, by Observer, 471 
 
 The True Utility of the Thoroughbred Race-Horse, 476 
 
 Essential Points in the Thoroughbred Horse, 490 
 
 Observations on Imported Stallions, 500 
 
 List of Stallions Imported from England, 507 
 
 List of Imported Mares and Fillies, = . 583 
 
 LIST OF PEDIGREES. 
 
 I.— English Eclipse, 74 
 
 II.— DiOMED, 129 
 
 III.— Castl^niea, 137 
 
 IV. — Leviathan, 548 
 
 v.— Pkiam, 560 
 
 VI. — Glencoe, 538 
 
 VII.— Trustee, 578 
 
 VIII. — American Eclipse, 150 
 
 IX.— Boston 276 
 
 X.— Fashion, 284 
 
THE HORSE; 
 
 HIS ORIGIN, NATIVE LAND, HISTORY, AND NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 In seeking to ascertain the especial land to which this, the no- 
 blest animal subject to the empire of man, is indigenous, the 
 nation which may claim the honor of his domestication, and the 
 period at which he was first brought into general use, for pur- 
 poses of war, of pomp and of pleasure, we must have recourse, 
 in the first instance, to Holy Writ, as the most ancient and best 
 authenticated of existing histories. 
 
 By reference to the Sacred Volume, we find that although 
 the ass, an inferior member of the equine family, was early in 
 use among the children of Israel, the horse was unknown to 
 them, until after the commencement of their sojourn in the land 
 of Egypt. And there is strong evidence on which to assume, 
 that it was not until after their arrival in that country, that he 
 was there brought into subjection, if indeed he previously ex- 
 isted therein. 
 
 It is difficult, however, to believe that any other than Egypt, 
 or, at least, Africa, was his birthplace ; for it is clear that Ara- 
 bia, which many have supposed to be the native liome of the 
 horse, and which has done more than any other region in the 
 world to improve the race, by the admixture of its superior 
 strain of blood, did not originally possess the animal ; nor, in- 
 deed, until, comparatively speaking, a recent date ; while his 
 introduction into Greece, and thence into those regions of Europe 
 and Asia wherein he is now found, either wild, or in a domesti- 
 cated condition, may be traced to a transmarine, and probably 
 Egyptian, som-ce. 
 
22 THE nORSE. 
 
 In the liistory of Abraham, we find frequent mention of the 
 ass nsed as a saddle-beast, of tlie camel as an animal of bnr- 
 then, of flocks and herds, sheep and oxen ; bnt the name of 
 the horse does not appear, until we descend to the days of 
 Joseph. 
 
 It is worthy of remark, moreover, that, on two occasions, 
 the former patriarch received costly presents from two forei<^n 
 potentates, Abimelech, prince of Gerar, on the northern fron- 
 tier of Arabia Petrsea, and Pharaoh, king of Eg^^pt, one of that 
 dynasty known as the Shepherd kings, both of whom gave him 
 sheep and oxen, and man-servants and maid-servants, to which 
 the latter added he-asses and she-asses and camels ; and this 
 fact, when the constant mention, at a later period, of horses 
 given as presents between oriental potentates is taken into con- 
 sideration, may be assumed as a proof that they were not as 
 yet in general use, if known, in either of those countries. 
 
 In the reign of that Pharaoh, however, whom Joseph served, 
 we find that, by the king's command, wagons were sent into 
 the land of Canaan, to bring Jacob and his sons, their wives 
 and their little ones, during the famine against which the min- 
 ister had provisioned his adopted nation, into the country of 
 abundance. It is not, indeed, exactly stated that these wagons 
 were drawn by horses ; bat, when it is observed that, dui-ing 
 this very famine of seven years, which ensued on their entrance 
 into Egyj^t, horses are first mentioned, as articles which Joseph 
 took in exchange for bread from the Egyptian cultivators and 
 cattle-breeders — that, on the death of Jacob, his funeral was 
 attended by '' both chariots and horsemen " — and, lastly, that 
 we know, from the writings of Homer, and from the ancient 
 sculptures of Persepolis and Nineveh, the application of the 
 horse to purposes of draught to have been prior to his being 
 ridden, we may, I think, fairly conclude that such was the case. 
 
 From this time, the adoption of the horse, for purposes of 
 battle, appears to have been extremely rapid. For we find that, 
 at the Exodus, generally conceived to have been in the reign 
 of Pamses Y., the last of the Eighteenth Dynasty, or 1500 years 
 before the Christian Era, the pursuing army contained " six 
 hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt," and all 
 the horsemen. Farther, when the Israelites returned into 
 
FIEST rSED IN EGYPT. 23 
 
 Canaan, the country lying between the Istlmnis of Suez and tlia 
 ridges of Lebanon, the horse had ah-eady been naturahzed in 
 that region ; inasmuch as the Canaanites " Avent out to fight 
 against Israel, with horses and chariots very many." 
 
 From tliese considerations, and from the fact that, so late as 
 600 years after this date, Arabia had still no horses, — as it seems 
 certain, since, while Solomon imported from Arabia, silver and 
 gold and spices, it was from Egypt, only, that he procured horses 
 for his own cavalry and that of the allied kings of Phoenicia, — I 
 conclude that it was no others than those very Sliepherd kings 
 of Egypt, described as a dynasty of invading conquerors of a 
 stranger race, termed the JIt/csos, whose origin is unknown, who 
 introduced the horse into Lower Egypt ; and that, after this j^e- 
 riod, that country became the principal breeding district and 
 emporium of that noble animal. 
 
 It may be that these Ilycsos were intruders from the eastern 
 portion of Abyssinia, bordering on Upper Egypt, where there 
 still exists, in the kingdoms of Dongola and Sennaar, a very 
 superior breed of Barbs ; and that it w\as thence that they in- 
 troduced the horse into Egypt, which assuredly does not j^ossess 
 such extensive tracts of native j^asture, or meadow lands, as 
 alone are adapted to the existence of this animal in a state of 
 nature and of freedom. 
 
 In Greece, the beautiful fable, that the horse sprang from 
 the earth under the impulse of the trident of Neptune, the 
 most puissant, if not the most potent, of the gods, as the em- 
 blem of strength and warfare, seems intended to adumbrate a 
 belief of the Hellenes that the animal came from beyond the sea. 
 
 We have, however, clearer evidence of the method of his 
 introduction, in the universal tradition that the Thessalians, 
 who were, from first to last, the best and most expert horsemen 
 in Greece, as well as the Athenians, from whose sacred soil the 
 horse is said to have sprung at the summoning of the sea-god, 
 and the settlers of the Argolis, were all colonists from EgyjDt. 
 
 Here, then, in Europe, on the great fertile plains of Thessaly 
 and Thrace, the boundless reedy meadows on the banks of the 
 Danube, and thence away to the illimitable horse-pastures of 
 the Ukraine, and the banks of the Dnieper and the Don, the 
 horse was unquestionably first introduced, and propagated both 
 
24: THE IIOESE. 
 
 as the best and noblest servant of men, and in a state of inde 
 pendent liberty. 
 
 In Media and Persia, tlie horse increased rapidly ; and, from 
 a very early date, the nionarchs of those countries and of As- 
 syria employed a conntless cavalry, with scythed chariots, as 
 the most efficient, perhaps even the most numerous, arm of 
 their services. 
 
 " There is a curious record," says Mr. Youatt, in his admi- 
 rable work on the horse, to whom I take tliis occasion of ren- 
 dering my acknowledgments for the great assistance I have 
 received from his pages, " of the commerce of different coun- 
 tries at the close of the second century. Among the articles 
 exported from Egypt to Arabia, particularly as presents to 
 reigning monarchs, were horses." " In the fourth century," he 
 continues, " two hundred Cappadocian horses were sent by the 
 Koman emperor, as the most acceptable present he could offer 
 to a powerful prince of Arabia." 
 
 " So late as the seventh century, the Arabs had few horses, 
 and those of little value. These circumstances sufficiently 
 prove, that however superior may be the present breed, it is 
 comparatively lately that the horse was natui-alizcd in Arabia." 
 
 In proof of the last assertion, he proceeds to state that, " in 
 the seventh century after Christ, when Mahomet attacked the 
 Koreisli near Mecca, he had but two horses in his whole army ; 
 and at the close of his murderous campaign, although he drove 
 off twenty-four thousand camels and forty thousand sheej), and 
 carried away twenty-four thousand ounces of silver, not one 
 horse appears in the list of plunder." 
 
 From all the above data, it is sufficiently evident that the 
 liorse was gradually introduced into Arabia and the adjacent or 
 adjoining Asiatic countries, the latter the more rapidly, from 
 Egypt. And that from the same stock is derived the whole 
 race in all the south-eastern portion of Europe. 
 
 Egypt is not — as it has already been observed — a favorable 
 country, in any respect, for horse-breeding ; still less for the 
 oriofinal existence of the animal in a state of nature. Whence, 
 therefore, he was first introduced into tliat kingdom is still in 
 some sort a mystery; though there is, I think, enough of indi- 
 rect testimony to satisfy any unprejudiced mind, that lie was 
 
WILD HORSES. 25 
 
 an original native of the soil of Africa, to which alone liis 
 congeners, the Zebra, and the Qnagga, are indigenons, althongh 
 the wild ass and the domestic species are probably of Asiatic 
 origin. 
 
 Of all the wild races now existing in Europe, Asia, or Ame- 
 rica, if any do still exist in the former division, it is, however, 
 60 nearly snsceptible of actual proof that no one is really indi- 
 genons, tliat we may safely hold it an established fact. 
 
 The Tartarian breed, wliich are found wild, in countless 
 hordes, from the neighborhood of the Yolga to the barren and 
 inhospitable steppes of Upper Asia and the northern provinces 
 of China, can be clearly traced to the cavalry horses employed 
 in the siege of Azof, in 1657, which were turned loose for 
 want of forage, and have propagated their species with unex- 
 ampled rapidity ; unless it be equalled by that which has peo- 
 pled all South America and all the sparsely cultivated districts 
 in the south-west of the northern continent, so far east as to the 
 Mississippi, with the descendants, either self-emancipated or 
 voluntarily released, of the Spanish horses, first introduced into 
 the southern continent in 1537. 
 
 It is somewhat doubtful to me, whether the horses found in 
 a feral state, in Texas and the Mexican provinces, are not the 
 descendants of chargers . escaped from the romantic expedition 
 of De Soto through those very regions ; rather than of those 
 liberated at the abandonment of Buenos Ayres, or of other 
 escaped or emancipated animals of Spanish breed, from the 
 southward of the Isthmus. Since the intricate, forest-cumbered 
 and brake-entano-led nature of that dark and dangerous bridge 
 between the two portions of the continent, as well as of the 
 adjacent regions both to the north and south of it, is so ill- 
 adapted to an animal like the horse, attached to wide, open 
 plains and prairies, and singularly averse to woody morasses 
 and densely clothed wildernesses, that I cannot readily believe 
 they would voluntarily have involved themselves in those 
 labyrinths of canebrakes, lianas, and mazes of almost impene- 
 trable vegetation, in progress of unmeaning migration toward 
 imknown future habitations. 
 
 The question, however, is one of little moment ; for, althougl] 
 some equine fossil remains have been discovered in America, 
 
26 THE nOKSE. 
 
 indicating the existence of the horse on this continent, prior to 
 its discovery by Europeans — tliongh. by some nnknown causes 
 it had been rendered extinct, before the date of tlieir arrival — 
 it is indisputable, that in no part of America, insular or conti- 
 nental, nor yet in Australia or any of the isles of the Pacific, 
 have any traces of the horse been discovered, by the first navi- 
 gators, who have visited, or the first colonists who have planted, 
 their virgin shores. 
 
 The wild horse of America, therefore, is of undoubted 
 Spanish origin ; and is, to this day, marked by many of the 
 characteristics of that race, which shows, by the fineness of its 
 limbs and the peculiar formation of its head, the large admix- 
 ture it possesses of Moorish and Barbary blood. 
 
 It is said, also, that vi^ild herds, descended from casually 
 escaped domestic individual races, have been seen in the woody 
 lowlands of Jamaica and Hayti ; while the Falkland Islands 
 are stocked with considerable troops, released by the French 
 and Spanish colonists ; and one or more small islands, off ISTew- 
 foundland, were peopled by the Government of Canada with 
 the N^orman horse, which has become perfectly naturalized and 
 almost indomitably wild. 
 
 In Hungary, until within a sliort space, the horse was still 
 known to exist in the wide, open plains or savannahs, in a state 
 of nature ; in those fierce and fiery squadrons, described by 
 Byron in Mazeppa, 
 
 " Wide flowing tail, and flying mane, 
 Wide nostrils — never stretclied by pain — 
 Mouths bloodless to the bit or rein, 
 And feet that iron never shod. 
 And flanlvs unscarred by spur or rod, 
 A thousand horse, the wild, tlie free, 
 Like waves that follow o'er the sea — " 
 
 but it is probable they are extinct for ever in Europe, unless 
 some be found on the confines of European and Asiatic Eussia. 
 Whether the animal is yet to be found in a state of nature 
 in Arabia appears questionable ; although it is stated that they 
 still exist, thinly scattered in the deserts, and are hunted by the 
 Bedouins for their flesh, and also to improve their inferior 
 breeds by a different strain of blood. " They are said to bo 
 
PERHAPS INDIGENOUS TO BPJTAIN. 27 
 
 swifter even than the domesticated horse, and are nsnally taken 
 by traps set in the sand. Mr. Bruce, however, doubts whether 
 any wild horses are now found in Arabia Deserta." ^' 
 
 In Central Africa, however, wild horses still roam untamed, 
 far to the southward of the great desert of Sahara, in the coun- 
 try of Ludamar, where they were seen by Mungo Park in great 
 droves. From that district there extends a range of fertile, 
 well-watered, grassy, and in part wooded countiy, to Kubia 
 and Upper Abyssinia, whence, in my oj^inion, the horse was 
 Jii-st introduced into Egypt, and thence into Arabia, Europe and 
 the East. 
 
 Fossil remains of the horse have been discovered, of extreme 
 antiquity, in some of the oldest formations in Great Britain. In 
 the Kirkdale cave, in Yorkshire, the bones of this animal are 
 mingled with those of the elephant, rhinoceros, ox, bison, deer, 
 tiger, hysena, and other beasts of prey ; and from the absence 
 of human remains, as well as from the condition of the bones 
 and the abundance of fossil excrements of the hysena, it is the 
 opinion of Dr. Buckland, that England was not peopled at the 
 period when this remarkable cavity of the earth was filled, 
 and its predatory inhabitants submerged, with the relics of 
 their prey, by the i-ising waters of some local or general inun- 
 dation. 
 
 It certainl}^ cannot be regarded as a proof that the English 
 horse is, in any part of its blood, still autochthonous or abori- 
 ginal, that such fossil remains are found there ; any more than 
 it is of the wild horse of the American Pampas or Prairies. 
 
 It is, however, observable, that at the period of the first 
 Roman invasion, the horse was domesticated in Britain ; and 
 not only domesticated, but so numerically abundant, that a large 
 portion of the forces, which resisted the invaders, were chariot- 
 eers and cavalry. So much so, that when Cassivelan discharged 
 his tumultuary army, as unable to resist the legions in the field, 
 he retained a picked body of four thousand war chariots, where- 
 with to impede the movements, and cut up the foragers of 
 Caesar. 
 
 And this being the first introduction of the British isles intc 
 
 * Youatt on the Horse, 11. 
 
28 THE HORSE. 
 
 the civilized world, before whicli period no historical, and 
 scarcely even a traditional, record exists, there is some shadow 
 of reason for suspecting, from the frequency of his fossil remains 
 in the islands and his actual domestication there on their first 
 discovery, that the horse may have been originally indigenous 
 to Great Britain. 
 
 Just in the same manner, it would have naturally been imag- 
 ined, by the first visitors of this continent, had they found the 
 natives accustomed to the use of horses, that the animal had 
 existed here since the Creation ; and, had their suspicion been 
 corroborated by the subsequent discovery of fossil remains, 
 science Avould have justified the belief. 
 
 It is not, however, of the British islands altogether so con- 
 clusive ; since it is possible that the race, whose fossil remains 
 are found in conjunction with those of other extinct, and, per- 
 haps, antediluvian quadrupeds, may also have been extinguished 
 by some natural cause, and re-introduced either from Gaul, or 
 by the Phoenicians, who certainly visited the channel isles in 
 search of tin, before the Koman invasion. Throughout the 
 oriental world, cavalry with the addition of chariots immediately 
 became as decidedly the first arm in all services, as it was at a 
 later date in the days of chivalry ; until cuirass and lance and 
 all the gorgeous paraphernalia of knightly warfare went down, 
 to rise no more, before the rolling Spanish volleys at Pavia. 
 
 In Europe, however, with but a few exceptions, the use of the 
 horse in warfare was slowly, and never, it may be said, until 
 ages had elapsed, generally adoj^ted. The Spartans, the Athe- 
 nians, the Thebans. when at the highest of their military great- 
 ness, had but inferior and slender cavalry services. At the 
 battle of Marathon, the allies had no horse wdiatever ; and at 
 Platsea, one year later, although they had a combined force of 
 above 110,000 men in the field, they had not a single squadron 
 of cavalry in their array, even to protect their convoys ; in 
 consequence of which they suffered severely, and were actually 
 in danger of being literally ridden down and trodden underfoot 
 by the desperate charges of the myriads of Persian horse. 
 
 On this occasion, however, it is to be observed that the 
 Thebans, the Thessalians, who as yet were not properly Greeks, 
 though of Hellenic race, and the semi-barbarous Thracians, 
 
THE OLYMPIC HORSE-RACES. 29 
 
 foii^^lit on the side of the Persian. It is somewhat remarkable 
 that, at this verj^ period, the horse was in the highest favor and 
 repute with all the Greeks ; that no imaginable pains or expense 
 were spared to improve his breed, to arrive at perfection in 
 speed, endurance and condition ; and that chariot-i'acing stood 
 the highest, in point of honor, of all the contests of the Olympic 
 games. For it is so early as the 25th Olympiad, equivalent to 
 the year 680 before the Christian era, that chariot-races were 
 introduced among the Olympian contests, which had then been 
 established ninety-six years, whereas the battle of Plattea was 
 not fought until the second j^ear of the seventy-fifth Olympiad, 
 corresponding to 478 B. C, or nearly two centuries after the 
 introduction of horse-racing, among the Greeks. 
 
 To such an extent, moreover, was this display of horse- 
 racing— for of those days it hardly can be termed a sport — • 
 prosecuted, that Alcibiades, the Athenian, who lived at the very 
 date of which we are treating, sent at one time no less than 
 seven four-horse chariots to the Olympic games, three of which 
 obtained prizes ; and that the satirical comedian, Aristophanes, 
 speaks of the horse-breeding mania among the noble youths of 
 Athens, who, like the Iloman equites in later days, took rank 
 in consequence of their serving on horseback at their own 
 charges, as a constant cause of impoverishment and ruin* — 
 precisely as we moderns speak of the ruinous expenses and 
 results of Epsom and Newmarket. 
 
 The nature of the country, it is true, both in the Pelopon- 
 nesus and in all Upj)er Greece, southward of the great open 
 plains of Thessaly, being mountainous. Math gorges and ravines, 
 rather than valleys, intervening, is unsuited generally to the 
 horse ; and, in confii'raation of this view of the subject, it may 
 be observed that the Boeotians, who possessed more level land 
 
 * In a fine chorus of the 'nnriTs, addressed to Neptune. — See Mitchell's Tr. 
 Lord of the waters, King of might, 
 Whose eyes and ears take stern deUght 
 In neighing steeds and stormy fight 
 
 And galleys swift pursuing ; 
 And starting car and chariot gay, 
 And contests on that festive day. 
 When Athens' sprightly youth display 
 Their pride and their undoing. 
 
80 ' THE HOKSE. 
 
 than any other of the pure Greek States, also excelled, com- 
 paratively speaking, in their cavalry. 
 
 To the same cause, doubtless, must be ascribed the deiiciency 
 or rather total absence of cavalry among the Israelites, a singu- 
 larly brave, warlike and conquering people, who, nevertheless, 
 so totally neglected the horse, for which animal their rocky, 
 precipitous and stony country is especially unsuited, that it Avas 
 not even used among them for purposes of state or show, the 
 ass, on the contrary, being the saddle-animal of their patriarchs, 
 their princes, and their prophets, and the beast, on which the 
 Saviour of the Universe entered the streets of Jerusalem, palm 
 branches strewn beneath his feet, amid Hosannahs, hailing him 
 King of the Jews.* 
 
 The first Greek, who seems to have paid particular attention 
 to the horse, on which he wrote an admirable treatise, is Xeno- 
 plion, the celebrated captain of the retreat of the ten thousand, 
 who was, no less deservedly, famous as a horseman and a hunter, 
 than he was as a soldier and a statesman. Of this woi'k I shall 
 have occasion to speak hereafter, when treating of the Greek 
 horse as a special variety. 
 
 We have seen thus far, that so late as the early Persian, 
 and, I may add, during the Peloponnesian wars, the cavalry of 
 
 * It is well worthy of especial remark, as is observed, I think originally in Mr. 
 Winter's excellent work on the horse, that the attributing the adoption of this 
 animal, on the occasion of the triumphal entry of the Saviour into Jerusalem, 
 " meekly riding on an ass," to humility^ is an error on the part of modern divines, 
 not supported by any fact, but wholly at variance with the ancient and even the 
 present usage of the inhabitants of the Holy Land. 
 
 "Asses," he says "were once more highly esteemed in Palestine than horses, for 
 reasons before stated, and people of the first quality there commonly rode on them. 
 Deborah, in her song, describes the great and powerful of Israel by the expression, 
 ' Ye that ride on white asses.' At the present day, a breed of white asses, cele- 
 brated for its excellence, is found near Bussorah. This race is cultivated with the 
 greatest attention, and is supposed by Lieut. Col. Smith to be as ancient as the time 
 of the kings of Judah. Jair of Gilead had thirty sons, who rode upon as many 
 asses, and commanded in thirty cities. Abdon, one of the judges of Israel, had 
 forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy asses. 
 
 " Moses had previously forbidden the use of horses, on account of their being 
 more unfitted to the country than asses." 
 
 This unfitness consists principally in the flexibility of the pastern, flatness of the 
 hoof, and thinness of the horny crust, in the horse, as compared with the upright, 
 rigid, and hard foot of the ass, especially before the use of horse-shoes. 
 
CAVALRY IN GREECE. 31 
 
 Greoce was of small numerical use and of inferior consideration, 
 in tlie daj of battle ; although, according to Xenophon's direc- 
 tions for the armament and equipment of a trooper, they were 
 certainly formidably accoutred and well drilled for active ser- 
 vice. So soon, howev^er, as the Macedonians, whose kings were 
 of the old heroic stock of Hellas, though the people were not 
 esteemed Greeks — in proof of which assertion, it may be stated 
 that the kings had always been allowed, on proving their pedi- 
 grees, to contend in the Olympic games, to which none but 
 Greeks were admitted — so soon, I say, as the Macedonian kings 
 came into the shock of battle, whether Greek to Greek, or Greek 
 to Barbarian, the Thessalian, Acarnanian and Thracian horses, 
 the latter bred on the boundless plains between the Archipelago 
 and the Danube, were brought into play ; and cavalry at once 
 became an important part of armies, and, often from this time, 
 the arm which turned the balanced scale of victory. 
 
 In all Alexander's battles, he himself charged at the head 
 of his splendid cavalry, having a good deal of the paladin of 
 chivalry in his temper and constitution, and for the most part 
 made the final impression by that irresistible onset. 
 
 From this time forward, the cavalry was a favorite and suc- 
 cessful arm with the Greeks. Philopoemen, the general of the 
 Achaean league, was the best cavahy officer of the world, the 
 Murat of his day. Pyrrhus of Epirus, the successor of Alex- 
 ander, and descendant, as he claimed it, of Achilles, relied 
 much on the charge of his barded cuirassiers, in his wars against 
 the Romans — who never, to the end of their marvellous history 
 of universal conquest, did any thing with Italian native horse, 
 or indeed with cavalry at all, until they had Numidian, Span- 
 ish, Gallic and German troopers in their armies. 
 
 The same was the case with the latter Philip of Macedon, 
 and his son Perseus, against whose superior horse the Poman 
 consuls could make head only by the assistance of their JEtolian 
 and Acarnanian allies, the blood of the Greek horses of that 
 day, coming from the extreme east of Euro]3e, being incompar- 
 ably superior to that of the west, which probably had then re- 
 ceived no further mixture of the oriental strain, since their first 
 introduction frem their native land ; whence by a course of 
 continued breeding-in-and-in they had seriously deteriorated — a 
 
32 THE noRSE. 
 
 deterioration wliicli became yet more palpably manifest, wbeii 
 they were opposed to the IS^umidian barbs of Hannibal, only to 
 be SAvept away like dust before the whirlwind. 
 
 With regard to the general character and appearance of the 
 ancient, and more especially the Greek horse, we have two 
 means of forming an opinion — first, from the various sculptures 
 yet extant of this animal, both in harness and mounted ; and 
 second, from the elaborate and admirable directions given by 
 Xenophon — -jrepl i7r7riKr]<i cap. 1. 2. & sq — for purchasing, ac- 
 cording to exterior points ; " since," he observes, " there is 
 no means of j^roving his temjDer, until one shall have backed 
 liim." 
 
 Of sculptures, the oldest probably in existence, many of 
 them contemporaneous with the kings of Assyria, who figure 
 in the pages of Holy Writ, certainly the oldest yet discovered, 
 are those wondrous relics, disinterred by Layard from the ruins 
 of Nineveh, illustrative of almost every phase of regal and 
 military life — and the two epithets, at that day, were nearly 
 one — when real warfare, or its mimicry, the chase of dangerous 
 and savage beasts, were the sole out-of-door occu]3ation of the 
 chiefs and heroes of those undegenerate ages. 
 
 In these sculptures, the horse figures continually in almost 
 every attitude and pace ; l)ut in most instances he is represented 
 as an animal of draught, harnessed singly, two, or four abreast, 
 to chariots of light construction, which he is often drawing at a 
 tearing gallop, but rarely carrying a mounted rider. 
 
 In all these sculptures, he is represented as a remarkably 
 high-crested, large-headed, heavy-shouldered animal, rather 
 long-bodied, powerfully limbed, his neck clothed with volumes 
 of shaggy mane, which is often plaited into regular and fanciful 
 braids, and his tail coarse and abundant, frequently ornamented 
 similarly to his own mane and to the beard and hair of his 
 driver. He, therefore, had nothing of the modern Arab in his 
 form or character. 
 
 The carvings are exquisitely fine, the attitudes sjiiritejd and 
 striking, and there are not unusually seen attempts at indicating 
 the anatomical structure, and course of arteries, sincM's and 
 muscles. We have no reason, therefore, to doubt that the general 
 character, bearing, and aspect of the animal are truly kept, 
 
ATTIC HOESES, OF PHIDIAS, 33 
 
 or that the delineations were made from what was then consid- 
 ered the finest and most perfect type of the creature, wliich is 
 generally represented as ministering to the pleasures of the 
 great king. 
 
 In all respects, then, it must be observed, the horses of the 
 oriental royalties, which were harnessed in the scythed cars of 
 those Assyrian conquerors, who came down on Israel " like the 
 wolf on tlie fold ; " and in the iron chariots of those Phoenician 
 kings of Canaan, who "fought in Taanach by the waters of 
 Megiddo," when " the river of Kishon swept them away, that 
 ancient river, the river Kishon," were as unlike as possible to 
 the low-statured, delicate-limbed, small-headed Arabs and 
 Barbs, with their basin-faces, large full eyes, and long thin 
 manes, from which the modern blood horse has derived his pe- 
 culiar excellence. 
 
 Next to these, probably, in antiquity, and infinitely surpass- 
 ing them in beauty of design and perfection of execution,— sur- 
 passing, it is likely, any thing that ever has been, or that ever 
 will be performed in sculpture, we have the superb equestrian 
 gi'oups from the Propylsea of the temple of Minerva in the 
 Acropolis at Athens, preserved in the British Museum, and imi- 
 versally known as the Elgin marbles ; which are generally sup- 
 posed to be the work of Phidias and his pupils ; the work of 
 the Athenian chisel, surely, when Grecian art was at its highest 
 flight, and when the Attic mania for horse-breeding was at the 
 extreme of fashion. 
 
 The attitudes and action of the cavalry and the seats of the 
 cavaliers, the liigh-born hipj?eis, which, word, like its equivalent 
 the Roman cquites, we erroneously translate knights, are inimi- 
 table. ISTothing that the pencil, the burin, or tlie chisel, ever 
 has delineated, excels, if it equals, these sculptures, destined 
 only to be regarded from a distance, as being the decorations of 
 the frieze of a gigantic temple, for freedom, ease, vigor and spirit. 
 
 In one of the finest groups some half-dozen riders are cara- 
 coling gayly along, their horses well thrown back on their 
 haunches, some going disunited, some at a regular and perfect 
 canter, and sitting the animals with a pose of such perfect bal- 
 ance, ease, aplomb and grace, so that the rider's hand is entirely 
 independent of his seat, as proves that equestrianism, as an art 
 YoL. I.— 3 
 
34 THE nOESE. 
 
 and a grace, must have been cultivated to a high degree in 
 Athens, how deficient soever the state might be in cavahy, as 
 an arm of the service. 
 
 Tliese horses, then, of Minerva on the Acropolis, hard by 
 the spot where the first of the race was fabled in the ancient 
 mythos to have sprung from the earth at the summoning of the 
 world- shaker's trident, carved from the pure Pentelical or Pa- 
 rian rock, in the school, if not by the hand, of the greatest of 
 Greek sculptors, may be presumed copies from the most per- 
 fect type of the Greek, as the sculptures of Nineveh have been 
 assumed to be models of the Assyrian or oriental courser. 
 
 Now, judging from these sculptures, the Greek horse was 
 not above fourteen and a half hands in height ; and, instead of 
 the graceful, spiry formation of the Arab, the Barb, or the 
 Thorough-bred, had the short, rigid, stocky shapes of the Gal- 
 loway or Cob. They are all what is vulgarly termed cock- 
 thrappled, — that is to say, having the windpipe and fore-neck, 
 above its insertion in the chest, projected like the same parts of 
 a game-cock when in the act of crowing — a fault in formation, 
 which renders it impossible for the animal to bring his chin 
 in to his chest, when curbed upon his haunches ; and, with 
 their hogged manes, short, closely-ribbed, round barrels, heavy 
 joints, short, stiff pasterns, and high, upright hoofs, look like, 
 what they doubtless were, a large breed of clever, active, able 
 Galloways. 
 
 In my youth, I have seen fifty, and owned and ridden near- 
 ly half-a-dozen, half or one third bred Galloways, which retain- 
 ing the exact cut and type of the original Scottish Galloway 
 pony, had some admixture of pure blood, and any one of these 
 might have served as an exemplar for the Athenian horse of 
 the Elgin marbles. 
 
 The description of animal I mean, though rarely seen in 
 this country, is common enough in England, being that to 
 which the sons of the landed gentry, while learning to ride, are 
 ordinarily promoted, as an intermediate step between the small 
 pony and the full-blooded hunter. I have seen some of them 
 carry their light-weight-riders well up to hounds, and hold a 
 good place among real horses with men on their backs. But, 
 as horses to be backed by men, they would be nowhere on a 
 
ATTIC HOKSES, OF XENOPHON. 35 
 
 race-course, nowhere in a hunting field, and worse tlian nowhere 
 in a cavalry action. 
 
 This, of course, accounts easil}'' enough for the small use of 
 cavalry bj the ancients in action, especially against the favorito 
 tactic of the phalanx, which, while in unshaken order, would 
 have hurled back the charge of Murat's or Milhaud's cuiras- 
 siers, as a rock does the surges. 
 
 We now come to the writings of Xenophon, which, as the 
 animal he describes is evidently identical with the horse of the 
 Phidian school of sculpture, furnish a complete reply to the ar- 
 gument of those, who would insinuate that works of art are not 
 to be construed into copies of existing realities, but are simply 
 expressions of an ideal type ; and who consequently argue, that 
 the horses of the Elgin marbles, like the lions of Rubens, are 
 poetical or artistical fictions ; not, like the Bulls of Paul Potter 
 and the Dogs of Landseer, the present images of the creatures 
 which they represent. 
 
 I have said that Xenoj)hon's instructions are admirable, and 
 the points on which he insists, as well as his reasons for insist- 
 ing on them, precisely those which would be required and as- 
 signed by an expert veterinarian to-day. They are, however, 
 the points, as I have observed, of a clever active Galloway or 
 Cob, not of a thorough-bred, a hunter, or even a cavalry charger, 
 much less of a pure Barb or Arab. 
 
 " First," he says, " we will write, how one may be the least 
 deceived in the purchase of horses. It is evident, then, that of 
 the unbroken colt one must judge by the bodily construction ; 
 since, if he have never been backed, he will afi'ord no very clear 
 evidences of his spirit. Of his body, then, we say that it is 
 necessary first to examine the feet ; for, as in a house it matters 
 not how fine may be the superstructure, if there be not sufiicient 
 foundations, so in a war horse there is no utility, no, not if he 
 have all other points perfect, but be badly footed. But in ex- 
 amining the feet, it is befitting first to look to the horny portion 
 of the hoofs, for those horses which have the horn thick, are far 
 superior in their feet to those which have it thin. Nor will it 
 be well if one fail, next, to observe whether the hoofs be up- 
 right, both before and behind, or low and flat to the ground ; 
 for high hoofs keep the frog at a distance from the earth, while 
 
36 THE HORSE. 
 
 the flat tread Avitli equal pressure on the soft and liard parts of 
 the foot, as is the case with bandy-legged men. And Simon 
 justly observes, that well-footed horses can be known by the 
 Bound of their tramp, for the hollow hoof rings like a cymbal, 
 when it strikes the solid earth. But having begun from below, 
 let us ascend to the other parts of the body. It is needful, then, 
 that the parts above the hoof and below the fetlocks" — viz. the 
 pasterns — " be not too erect, like those of the goat ; for legs of 
 this kind, being stifi' and inflexible, are apt to jar the rider, and 
 are more liable to inflammation. The bones must not, however, 
 be too low and springy, for in that case the fetlocks are liable 
 to be abraded and wounded, if the horse be galloped over clods 
 or stones. The bones of the shanks" — the cannon bones — 
 " should be thick, for these are the columns wliicli support the 
 body ; but they should not have the veins and flesh thick, like- 
 wise. For, if they have, when the horse shall be gallopped in 
 difficult ground, they will necessarily be filled with blood, and 
 will become varicose, so that the shanks will be thickened, and 
 the skin be distended and relaxed from the bone ; and, when 
 this is the case, it often follows, that the back sinew gives way 
 and renders the horse lame. But if the horse, when in action, 
 bend his knees flexibly at a walk, you may judge that he will 
 have his legs flexible when in full career ; for all horses as they 
 increase in years, increase in the flexibility of the knee. And 
 flexible goers are esteemed highly, and with justice ; for such 
 horses are much less liable to blunder or to stumble than those 
 which have rigid, unbending joints. But if the arms, below the 
 shoulder blades, be thick and muscular, they appear stronger 
 and handsomer, as is the case also with a man. The breast also 
 should be broad, as well for beauty as for strength, and because 
 it causes a handsomer action of the forelegs, which do not then 
 interfere, but are carried wide apart. And again, the neck 
 ought not to be set on, like that of a boar, horizontally from the 
 chest ; but, like that of a game-cock, should be upright toward 
 the crest, and slack toward tlie flexure • and tiie head being long, 
 should have a small and narrow jawbone, so that the neck shall 
 be in front of the rider, and that the eye shall look down at 
 what is before the feet. A horse thus made will be the least 
 likely to run violently away, even if he be very high-spirited, 
 
POINTS OF THE GREEK HORSE. 37 
 
 for liorses do not attempt to run away by bringing in, but by 
 thrusting out, their heads and necks. It is also very necessary 
 to observe, whether the mouth be fine or hard on both sides, 
 or on one or the other. For liorses, which have not both jaws 
 equally sensitive, are likely to be hard-mouthed on one side or 
 the other. And it is better that a horse should have prominent 
 than hollow eyes, for such a one will see to a greater distance. 
 And widely opened nostrils are far better for respiration than 
 narrow, and they give the horse a fiercer aspect ; for when one 
 stallion is enraged against another, or if he become angry while 
 being ridden, he expands his nostrils to their full width. And 
 the loftier the crest, and the smaller the ears, the more horse- 
 like and handsome is the head rendered ; wdiile lofty withers 
 give the rider a surer seat, and produce a firmer adhesion be- 
 tween the body and shoulders. A double loin is also softer to 
 sit upon and pleasanter to look upon, than if it be single ; and 
 a deep side, rounded toward the belly, renders the horse easier 
 to sit, and stronger, and more easy to be kejDt in condition ; and 
 the shorter and broader the loin, the more easily will the horse 
 raise his fore-quarters, and collect his hind-quarters under him, 
 in- going. These points, moreover, cause the belly to appear 
 the smaller ; which, if it be large, at once injures the appearance 
 of the animal and renders him weaker, and less manageable. 
 The quarters should be broad and fleshy, in order to correspond 
 with the sides and chest, and, should they be entirely firm and 
 solid, they would be the lighter in the gallop, and the horse 
 would be the speedier. But if he should have his buttocks 
 separated under the tail by a broad line, he w^ill bring his hind 
 legs under him, with a wider space between them ; and so 
 doing he will have a prouder and stronger gait and action, and 
 will, in all respects, be the better on them. A proof of which 
 is to be had in men, who, when they desire to raise any thing 
 from the ground, attempt it by straddling their legs, not by bring- 
 ing them close together. Stallions should not have the testes 
 large, and this ought not to be overlooked in foals. To con- 
 clude, in regard to the lower joints, of the shanks, namely, and 
 the fetlocks and the hoofs, behind, I have the same remarks to 
 make, and no others, than those which I have made above." 
 In reference to this passage, I would remark that, although 
 
38 THE HORSE. 
 
 it cannot be denied that all tlie points are correctly stated, and 
 the reasons for preference clearly and truly laid down, no one, 
 at all conversant with the horse, can fail to perceive, that the 
 whole advice points to the acquisition, as the most admirable 
 piece of horse-flesh, of a short, round-barrelled, stocky, active 
 beast, well u23on his legs, with his hocks fairly under him, with 
 a lofty crest and somewhat heavy forehand, though he insists 
 on high withers. 
 
 In short, his ideal of the horse is the very horse of the Elgin 
 marbles, something closely allied to the improved English road 
 ster of the last half century, an animal framed for strength 
 combined with hardiness and quickness, but wholly destitute, 
 or, if not wholly, nearly so, of blood, stride, or speed. 
 
 In the Greek horse, as in that of Assyria, it is very evident, 
 that there was little or nothing of what we call blood, or affinity 
 to the Arab and Barb, as they now exist, in their native land, 
 much less to the improved strain of the English and American 
 thoroughbred. 
 
 This brings us fairly to the Eoman horse ; and here we find 
 the same inferiority of the animal, and of the art or habit of 
 using him, as among the G-reeks, only in a yet greater degree. 
 In the early ages of the republic, the cavalry of the Roman 
 armies was composed of the youths of the monetary aristocracy, 
 who served on horseback partially at their own expense, enjoy- 
 ing in consequence certain privileges, and exemptions, and a 
 positive rank in the state, second only to the patrician senators 
 and the holders of senatorial offices. These men, who were 
 termed equites or horsemen, a word which has been universally 
 and erroneously rendered knights, giving a false idea of the 
 character and nature of the order, as if the members of it were 
 a chivalric fraternity bound by a vow, instead of a political 
 class, owed their origin, it is said, to Komulus ; who instituted 
 three centuries of youths, whom he called celeres, serving on 
 horseback and acting as his body guard. Their number would 
 appear to have been increased nearly at the end of the mon- 
 archy, by the Servian constitutions, from three, to about eighteen 
 hundred ; and all these, the select men of a wealthy class, were 
 bound to serve mounted, at their own charge, when the exigen- 
 cies of the public service did not allow a horse to be given them, 
 
ROMAN CAVALRY SERVICE. 39 
 
 as it ordinarily was, by the state. Subsequently, every person 
 who came into the possession of a fortune of 400,000 asses^^ 
 became, ex ipso facto, an eq^ues, and was liable to do cavalry 
 duty. A sufficiently absurd plan, one would say, for the or- 
 ganization of an eifective body of troopers ; who, if any troops 
 in the world, require minute drilling, constant exercise, and the 
 closest habitude as well to horsemanship, as to the use of arms. 
 
 The truth is, that the Komans were in no respect an eques- 
 trian people, even while their armies consisted mainly of agri- 
 culturists and tillers of the ground. We find, comparatively, 
 few notices of the horse among their classic writers, and such 
 as we do find principally imitated from the early Greek Poets, 
 who wrote of a state of warfare, Asiatic rather than European. 
 From such brief and scattered mentions of the horse, however, 
 as we have, it is to be inferred that the native breed of this 
 animal was of no excellence ; and that it was usual to seek the 
 superior breeds of Calabria and Lucania, where the population, 
 being more or less of Greek origin or connected with the Greeks, 
 had in some degree the equestrian tastes, and perhaps the same 
 strain of blood with their ancestry. 
 
 In no instance had a Roman consular army, which consisted 
 of two legions, of four thousand two hundred infantry each, 
 above six hundred horse ; a proportion ludicrously ineflicient, 
 being exactly as one mounted man to fourteen infantry soldiers ; 
 whereas the true ratio is one cavalry soldier to five footmen — 
 on which basis the famous divisions of Napoleon were con- 
 stituted. 
 
 This fact speaks volumes for the poverty of the Romans in 
 horses, and their inaptitude for the service ; and still more does 
 it testify to the same thing, that, when they commanded the 
 alliance of the Latin states, the cavalry of the two contingent 
 Latin legions was double that of the Roman quota. This, how- 
 ever, only raised the cavalry attached to a Roman consular 
 army, in the time of the second Punic war, when the state was 
 making every exertion to resist its most formidable enemy, who 
 commanded the services of the finest horse then existing in the 
 known world, to eighteen hundred horse attached to sixteen 
 
 * The Roman as was a brass coin of the value of a fraction more than a cent. 
 
40 THE HOKSE. 
 
 thousand eiglit hundred foot, or a ratio of about one of the 
 former to nine of the latter. 
 
 So long as the Romans were engaged in Italian wars only — ■ 
 though from the above facts relative to the constitution of the 
 native and Latin contingents, when the nations were acting in 
 unison, it is to be assumed that the Romans were numeri- 
 cally inferior to their adversaries — they appear to have been 
 able to contend with them on equal, if not superior terms, even 
 with this arm, in the field. Hence, we may argue that the 
 horses of the Italians were equally bad with those of the 
 Romans, but that the superior vigor of the Roman man, whe- 
 ther on foot or on horseback, prevailed. 
 
 The moment they were brought into contact with foreign 
 cavalry, Macedonic and Epirotic troojDers, mounted beyond 
 doubt on Tracian and Thessalian— that is to say, what we should 
 now designate Turkish — horses, under Pyrrhus, and, yet more 
 distinctly, with Numidian horse, undoubtedly pure Barbs of the 
 desert, under Hannibal, the inferiority of the Italians in every 
 thing pertaining to equestrianism, was demonstrated. 
 
 It seems almost to have been acknowledged ; for we find 
 that Cgesar, during his wonderful career of Gallic victories, had 
 no Roman horse whatever in his service, but relied wholly on 
 the cavalry of the friendly Gaulish tribes for that arm ; and 
 once we find him, when doubtful of the faith of his auxiliaries, 
 reduced to the necessity of mounting the legionary infantry on 
 Gallic horses. 
 
 In his final conflict with Pompey, his horsemen, who were 
 unquestionably Gauls, as indeed were a large share of his le- 
 gions, rode through the high-born Roman horse of his rival, as did 
 the British heavy cavalry at Balaclava through the Russian 
 dragoons, as if they had been lines of pasteboard. 
 
 At the same time, Crassus in Asia was totally defeated and 
 destroyed by the oriental horse of Parthia ; a fate narrowly es- 
 caped a few years afterwards, by that consummate soldier Marc 
 Antony, and escaped only by dint of admirable skill and bra- 
 very ; a fate not escaped by Valerian, or by that great captain, 
 Julian, or by any other Roman Emperor or chief, who attempted 
 to contest the palm of victoiy with Italian or western cavalry 
 against the innumerable and indomitable clouds of oriental 
 
THE ITALIAN HOKSE. .^ 41 
 
 horse ; which from that time maintained their superiority mi- 
 disputed, until outdone by the superior offspring of their own 
 blood, bred on British and American soil, by the aid of western 
 enterprise and the lights of western science. 
 
 Of the Italian horse, therefore, it may, I think, safely be pre- 
 dicated that it has been from all time, what it is now, nearly a 
 worthless animal. 
 
 It must not, however, be overlooked in the history of the 
 horse, that, how little soever it may owe of blood to the Eomans 
 directly, the race throughout all western Europe is probably in- 
 debted more largely to those world-conquerors, indirectly^ than 
 to many individuals and nations, who have purposely encour- 
 aged the production and aimed at the improvement of this no- 
 ble animal. 
 
 Their constant habit of guarding and garrisoning one con- 
 quered province, by the mercenary or subsidiary contingents 
 raised from another, and their very deficiency of indigenous 
 horses, leading to the employment of the best equestrian na- 
 tions of their subjects or allies, brought about a constant rota- 
 tion of breeds, and strains of blood, in all the provinces, an ad- 
 vantage which Italy itself did not share, and consequently a 
 constant admixture of the native with the best imported ani- 
 mals. 
 
 For it will be remembered that the Barbaric tribes all rode 
 perfect stallions ; and it cannot be doubted, but that the native 
 mares would be brought into constant familiarity and connec- 
 tion with the foreigners. 
 
 Whence came originally the Gaulish and British stock, is, 
 as I liave above mentioned, doubtful. There are some reasons 
 for believing the horse to have been indigenous to Great Britain, 
 and possibly to Gaul also. It is quite as probable, however, 
 that this race may have been introduced into France by eques- 
 trian tribes, migrating to the northward of the Alps, as we know 
 that tribes did migrate, from the plains of Scythia, Thrace, and 
 Carpatliia, and thence introduced across the channel to England, 
 where they were found by Ceesar. 
 
 Certain it is, at all events, that, when the Belgic, Celtic, 
 Germanic, and Britannic tribes were first known to the Romans, 
 they were all possessed of numerous and formidable cavalries ; 
 
42 THE nORSE. 
 
 that, although inferior to the Eomaiis, as barbarians to highly 
 civilized men, in science, discipline and military skill, they were 
 superior to them individually in equestrian prowess : and, I 
 think it is fair to infer, in the strain of their equine blood, like- 
 wise ; since we find that, although to the end of their real great- 
 ness the Romans constantly preferred the use of native infantry, 
 they as constantly employed foreign, that is to say Gaulish, Ger- 
 man, Tracian, Spanish and Numidian horse squadrons. 
 
 It is certain, therefore, that all the western provinces of the 
 republic and empire, were at some time or other successively 
 garrisoned by cavalry squadrons of all these nations, and that 
 their native horses were more or less crossed and improved by 
 the blood of all. 
 
 It has always been the fashion to ascribe the excellence of 
 the Spanish, and especially of the Andalusian blood, to the 
 Arabic invasion of Tarick in 710 ; but, although the great 
 benefit derived from that strain, and from the wise encourage- 
 ment given by the refined and polished Moors to this branch of 
 national power and greatness, must be allowed, I look much 
 farther back for the source of blood, whence the Spanish horse 
 derived his earliest excellence. 
 
 It must be remembered that the wonderful Carthaginian fam- 
 ily of Barca, the greatest and last of whom was, in my estimate, 
 the greatest soldier, and only not the greatest statesman, the 
 world has ever seen, was domiciled for years, as conquerors, and 
 ruled, almost as indigenous sovereigns, over all the Mediter- 
 ranean and Atlantic shores of Spain, from Carthagena to Cadiz, 
 at the head of powerful native African armies, accompanied by 
 numerous and incomparable forces of Numidian cavalry, the 
 desert Barbs of the Nomadic Moors and Arabs. 
 
 It is impossible to believe that such a state of things could 
 have existed, among a warlike and equestrian people, without 
 their seeking to improve their own horses by the admixture of 
 the foreign blood, the superiority of which they could not fail 
 to perceive in the shock of battle, even apart from the casual 
 intercourse, which must have occurred, between the indigenous 
 mares and the strange troop-horses. 
 
 Tliis, doubtless, was the first cross of oriental blood upon the 
 Spanish stock ; and the same cross must also have taken place, 
 
THE SPANISH HOESE. 43 
 
 though in a smaller degree, among the Gaulish horseherds, 
 during the six months occupied by Hannibal's march through 
 their country from the Pyrenees to the Ehone, at the head of 
 eight thousand African Barbs, principally, doubtless, if not all, 
 stallions. 
 
 Exactly at the time when this ingrafted blood might be sup- 
 posed to be in process of deterioration, in consequence of in- 
 breeding, and perhaps of intentional vitiation by the introduc- 
 tion of Flemish sires, for the begetting of animals capable of 
 bearing tlie men-at-arms of the chivalric ages in their ponderous 
 panoply, oj)portunely arrived Tarik with his hordes of desert 
 horse to reinvigorate the depreciated race. 
 
 From the first, in all probability, of these intermixtures, as 
 well as from the horses of the Thracian and German troopers 
 quartered on them by the Roman emperors, the British horses 
 of the old stock, as found by the Romans, under Cassivelan and 
 Caradoc, directly received their first improvement. Indirectly, 
 we know that they did so, through the improved second Sj)anish 
 cross, introduced largely for breeding purposes by the Saxon 
 and Norman monarchs of the southern kingdom. 
 
 Of the actual Spanish horse, of the days of the conquest of 
 South America, when the Spanish horse was in his greatest pu- 
 rity and perfection, comes the wild stock of the South American 
 pampas, and of the southern and south-western prairies of the 
 United States ; and from this, to a certain degree, it is probable 
 that the domesticated stock of some of the southern States has 
 received a remote cross of Andalusian blood. In Louisiana, 
 that cross was obtained, and still exists, in a more direct form ; 
 although it does not appear that the blood continues to be dis- 
 tinguishable, to any considerable extent, in the external charac- 
 teristics of the animal. 
 
 I trust that these preliminary observations will not be weari- 
 some to my readers, as I am well assured that tliey are of some 
 importance to my subject ; bearing on a point, as they do, in 
 the history of the English and American horse, which has been 
 scarcely, I think, sufficiently considered — the admixture of old 
 indigenous blood, which it cannot be denied does in some sort, 
 though in an infinitesimal degree, exist in what is esteemed the 
 purest and most perfect thoroughbred strain — and, secondly, 
 
44 THE HOKSE. 
 
 what is that indigenous blood, as it is styled, and how far it is 
 impure, how far traceable to a warm oriental or African origin, 
 in remote antiquity. It has generally been assumed that the 
 British horse, with which only I have henceforth to do, as the 
 origin of the American blood-horse, until I come to sjieak of 
 him directly, was an utterly unimproved and worthless animal 
 until the comparatively modern times, when his blood was first 
 gradually mixed, by the monarchs of the Saxon dynasty, and 
 afterward by the Norman invaders and crusaders, with Arabian, 
 Syrian, Andalusian, and African strains, 
 
 I hold, on the contrary, that the British horse, as originally 
 found by Cnesar, was itself of Eastern European descent, from 
 Scythia, Thrace or Carpathia — for I disbelieve in the aboriginal 
 theory — though I admit that I have no proof of the fact, and 
 argue only on probability and analogy. But I am confident, 
 and regard it as historically made out, that, at a very early pe- 
 riod of the Roman occupation, it must have been, and was, 
 largely tinctured with the blood of the best Spanish and Gallic 
 chargers ; the former of which could scarcely be less than half, 
 or three-part Barbs, and the latter of which partook of the same 
 strain. 
 
 Thei'e could scarcely also fail to be another direct cross from 
 Thrace or Scythia, though it cannot exactly be established that 
 such was the case ; the rather that more than one of the most 
 warlike and victorious of the Roman emperors made the island 
 their residence. 
 
 I now come to the natural history of the horse, which I 
 propose to treat briefly, principally through quotations from 
 "Winter and Youatt on the horse, who may be pronounced un- 
 hesitatingly the best authorities on the subject, before proceed- 
 ing to treat of the various distinct families of the animal, and 
 first, as noblest, of the English blood-horse. 
 
 " l^atural historians," says Mr. Winter, " in their endeavors 
 to arrange the varying objects of animated nature, class the 
 horse and its congeners in the following manner : 
 
 " Division. Yertebrata — possessing a back-bone. 
 
 " Class, Mammalia — such as give suck. 
 
 " Tribe, TJngulata — hoofed. 
 
 " Oedek. Pachydermata — thick-skinned. 
 
SYNONYMES OF THE HOESE. 45 
 
 " Family. Solipeda — uncleft-footed. 
 " Genus. Equus — the horse family. 
 " A considerable discrepancy has arisen among naturalists 
 on the classification of this animal ; but the above certainly 
 appears the least objectionable that can be found. Tlie Linnaean 
 system was certainly unsatisfactory. Linnseus classed the horse 
 with the hippopotamus, to form a genus in order Belluce. By 
 Erxleben he is placed between the elephant and the dromedary. 
 Storr was the first to form a distinct order of the equine family ; 
 he placed it immediately after that of the Kuminantia, under 
 the aj)pellation of Solijpedes. Cuvier adoj)ted his arrangement, 
 but subsequently placed this genus among the Pachydermata, 
 which is probably the most judicious classification attainable. 
 
 " Dental formula. — Incisors, | ; canine, in the male only, 
 ■f \ ; molars, 1 = 40. 
 
 " AYith the horse are ranked all those quadrupeds whose 
 generic distinction is the undivided hoof — the equine genus. 
 Equus Cahalhis, the horse. 
 
 Equus Semionus, of Pallas, the dziggtai, Asiatic. 
 Equus Zehra, the zebra. ] 
 
 Equus Burchelli, V South African. 
 
 Equus Quagga, the Quagga. j 
 Equus Asinus, the ass. 
 
 " TirE IIORSE. 
 
 " Synonymes — "I-mro';, Greek ; Equus, Latin ; Pferd, Ger- 
 man ; Paard, Dutch ; Uest, Danish ; JTdst, Swedish ; Cheval^ 
 French ; Oavallo, Italian ; Cahallo, Spanish ; Zoschad, Russian ; 
 Eon, Polish ; SuJch, Turkish ; Ilysan, Syriac ; Hozan, Arabic ; 
 Al, Toorkman ; Ma, Siamese ; Fur or Pur, Bornou ; Soudah, 
 Bezharmi ; Bilsah, Mandara ; Barree, Timbuctoo ; As, Pus- 
 too."' 
 
 " The horse, by far the noblest of the genus, is easily distin- 
 guishable from the rest of the group. His varieties are exceed- 
 ingly numerous and differ widely in physical appearance. The 
 effects of climate and other agencies are displayed on his frame. 
 Zimmerman asserted, but without very evident reason, that he 
 
 * Dr. Skinner traces the English word horse from the Belgic ros or the Teuto- 
 
4s6- THE HOKSE. 
 
 arrived at the greatest perfection between the 15th and 55th 
 degrees of northern latitude. Tlie miire is found capable of 
 generating her species as early as the second year of her exist- 
 ence ; but it is detrimental to her form, and the future energy 
 of her offspring, thus prematurely to tax the productive powers 
 of her frame. It would be far more profitable to delay this im- 
 portant function to the fourth or fifth year, when the outline 
 of her form approximates more closely to the adult, and the 
 vital energies of the animal economy become more confirmed. 
 Mares, in common with the females of many other quadrupeds, 
 are subject to a periodical appetency for the male, which in 
 them is termed horsing. The natural season of its first occur- 
 rence is from the end of March to July, and so providential is 
 this arrangement, that the foal will be produced at a time when 
 nourishment will be plentiful for its support. 
 
 " Common assertion fixes the period of gestation, or the time 
 intervening between conception and foaling, at eleven months ; 
 but whether calendar or lunar months are to be understood is 
 not explained. This discrepancy will appear the more unsatis- 
 factory when it is recollected that eleven calendar months want 
 but two days of twelve lunar ones, l^o attempt has been made 
 in this country to resolve the question. In France, M. Tessier 
 endeavored to arrive at some degree of correctness as to the 
 average time of gestation by registering a large number of 
 mares. He proved that the term of eleven calendar months 
 was often exceeded by several weeks, and sometimes, though 
 less frequently, parturition took place within that period. 
 
 " ' In 582 mares, which copulated but once, the shortest pe- 
 riod was 287 days, and the longest 419 ; making the extraor- 
 dinary difference of 132 days, and of 82 beyond the usual term 
 of eleven months.' Blaine's Vet. Outlines. 
 
 " On another occasion an account was kept of the duration 
 of pregnancy of 101 mares. Of these : 
 
 3 foaled in 311 days. 
 
 1 " " 314 days. 
 
 1 " " 325 days. 
 
 1 " " 326 days. 
 
 1 " " 330 days. 
 47 " " from 340 to 350 days. 
 
PARTURITION. 47 
 
 25 foaled in from 350 to 360 days. 
 21 " " from 360 to 377 days. 
 1 " " in 394 days. 
 
 "Tlius the extremes varied 83 days, while the average was 
 about 351, or fifty weeks one day each. Some breeders enter- 
 tain an opinion that old brood mares carry the foal considerably 
 longer than young ones, but they oU'er no satisfactory evidence 
 in corroboration of their view. 
 
 " The signals of approaching parturition are enlargement of 
 the external parts of generation, relaxation and shrinkage of the 
 muscles on each side of the croup and rump, and a gummy exu- 
 dation from the orifice of the teats. Birth generally takes place 
 within twenty-four hours after the appearance of the latter symp- 
 tom. But the first acts as a warning, by preceding it for several 
 days. 
 
 " It is but seldom that the mare requires manual assistance at 
 the time of foaling, which generally takes place witliout difficulty 
 or danger, in the night. The mare, unlike the generality of quad- 
 rupeds, foals standing.* She rarely produces twins, and when 
 double births do occur, the offspring almost invariably die.f 
 
 " As great facility of motion appears to have been designed 
 by nature in the formation of the horse, many physical pecu- 
 liarities contribute to ensure that end. A bulky pendulous 
 udder, like that possessed by some of the ruminantia, would be 
 incompatible with that quality. The mamma, therefore, is 
 small, and furnished only with two teats, which supply a milk 
 of a highly nutritious character, and possessing a larger quan- 
 tity of saccharine matter than any other animal is known to be 
 endowed with.;}: 
 
 * This is a mistake, they invariably foal in a reclining posture. — Ed. 
 
 t A remarkable e.xceptiou to this rule are the bay colt Tiueedledum and the bay 
 filly Tiveedlecke, foaled in 1823 (by Waterloo out of Polymnia), Polymnia by Musician 
 out of Promise, sister to Partisan by Walton. The filly never sucked, but was fed 
 on cow's milk, and was said to thrive better than the colt. 
 
 Both these animals were trained, and ran with some credit ; but the filly is not 
 named as a brood mare, and I find no mention of the colt as a stallion. 
 
 X Parmentier submitted the milk of various animals to chemical examination, 
 and he found that the proportion of ingredients contained was in accordance with 
 the following table : 
 
 Sugar — Mare's, woman's, ass's, goat's, ewe's, cow's. 
 
 Whey — Ass's, mare's, woman's, cow's, goat's, ewe's. 
 
4:8 THE HORSE. 
 
 "The disproportionate length of the foal's* legs, whicli is 
 so strikingly apparent, when compared with those of the adult 
 animal, is thought by some naturalists to be provided by pre- 
 scient nature to enable the young animal to keep pace with its 
 dam durino; ilis-ht from any menacino; danc-er. Linnseus at- 
 tempted to ascertain the future height of the colt by admeasure- 
 ment of its legs ; but so much is found to depend on the quan- 
 tity and character of the nutriment with whicli it is provided 
 during the important period of its growth, that little reliance 
 can be placed on early experiments of this kind. The historian, 
 the warrior, and the horseman, Xenophon, had long ago alluded 
 to the same subject in his treatise on horsemanship. ' I now 
 explain,' said he, 'how a man may run the least risk of being 
 deceived, when conjecturing tlie future height of a horse. The 
 young horse which, when foaled, has the shank bones longest, 
 invariably turns out the largest. For, as time advances, the 
 shank bones of all quadrupeds increase but little ; but that 
 the rest of the body may be symmetrical, it increases in pro- 
 portion.' 
 
 " Puberty commences in both sexes as early as the second 
 year, but all tlie structures continue to be gradually develoj^ed 
 till the end of the fifth year, by whicli time the changes in the 
 teeth are perfected, and the muscles have acquired a growth 
 and tone which give to the form the distinctives of adolescence. 
 It is during the term, which elapses between this period of adult 
 age and that of confirmed virility, that a farther progressive 
 change takes ^^lace in the animal economy ; the powers of the 
 
 Cream — Ewe's, woman's, goat's, cow's, ass's, mare's. 
 
 Butter — Ewe's, goat's, cow's. 
 
 Cheese — Ewe's, goat's, cow's, ass's, woman's, mare's. 
 
 " He could not make any butter from the cream of woman's, ass's, or mare's 
 milk, and that from the ewe he found always remained soft. From their general 
 properties he divided them into two classes, one abounding in serous and saline parts, 
 which included ass's, mare's, and woman's ; the other rich in caseous and butyra- 
 ceous parts, as the cow's, goat's, and ewe's. 
 
 * " The word foal is indiscriminately applied to the young of both sexes, but as 
 they increase in age they are distinguished from each other by appropriating the 
 term colt to the male, and Jilly to the female ; and on the period of adolescence, 
 about the fifth year, the former assumes the title of stallion or horse — gelding if cas- 
 trated — and the latter that of mare. In America, the word colt is often wrongly 
 used {or foal, as applied to either sex, whereas it is invariably masculine. 
 
THE HAIR OF THE HORSE. 49 
 
 whole frame continue to acquire strength, and although there 
 is no farther increase in heiglit, the parietes of the large cavities 
 and the muscles of voluntary motion assume a finished and ro- 
 tund appearance, and render the animal more capable of endur- 
 ing continued exertion and privation ; fhe vital endurance and 
 resistance being greater than during the period of adolescence. 
 The fire and expression of the head, the spirit, character and 
 disposition, become also more marked toward the termination 
 of this epoch. 
 
 " The natural period of decay of the vital powers, senility 
 and mature death, may be conjectured to be about thirty 
 years ; but few horses, from our barbarous treatment, attain 
 that term. 
 
 " The walk, the trot and the gallop, are the usually well- 
 known natural paces of the horse ; but the fact of some indi- 
 viduals contracting the pace called the amble,* without previous 
 tuition, has induced many writers to regard that also as a natu- 
 ral method of progression. 
 
 " In England and other northern countries, on the approach 
 of mild weather, the horse, by a natural process analogous to 
 moulting in birds, divests himself of his winter's clothing of 
 long hair, and produces one of a shorter and cooler texture ; and 
 again, before the recurrence of cold weather, reassumes his 
 warm and lengthened coat to protect himself from the inclem- 
 ency of the approaching season. The autumnal f change is not 
 by any means so general as that which takes place at the com- 
 mencement of spring. Tlie hair is not so completely changed ; 
 only a portion of it is thrown off, and that which remains, with 
 that which springs up, grows long and is adapted to the tem- 
 perature of the atmosphere. These alternate changes are not 
 so well marked in countries possessing an even temperature, nor 
 even are they so plainly seen in horses kept in the warm atmo- 
 sphere of a close stable all the year round. When the shedding 
 of the coat commences, the bulbs of the old hair become pale, 
 and by the side of each a small black globular body is formed, 
 which is soon developed into the new hair. Thus the matrix 
 
 * The amble is neither racking nor pacing ; the latter of which is beyond doubt 
 a natural pace. [Single footing or racking (by some called ambling) is an acquired 
 or cultivated pace. — Ed.] 
 
 I In America, at least in the northern parts, this change is invariable. 
 
 Vol. I.— 4 
 
50 THE H0K8E. 
 
 of the new hair is not the old hnlh, but it is based in another 
 productive follicle. The long hair of the mane, tail aiid fet- 
 locks, is not shed at definite periods with that of the body, but 
 is replaced by a shorter and more uniform process. The hair 
 of the mane and tail will, if protected, grow to an almost in- 
 credible length. 
 
 " The property of changing the color of the hair with the 
 season, possessed by many animals of the arctic regions, adapt- 
 ing them to the temperature, is also manifested in the horse, 
 though in a much less degree, for it may be seen that when con- 
 stantly exposed to the elements, the long winter-coat assumes a 
 much lighter hue than that of its predecessor. 
 
 " The horse, in common with many other animals, is pro- 
 vided with a thin sub-cuticular muscle, covering the shoulders, 
 flanks and sides, whose use is to corrugate the skin, shake off 
 flies and dislodge other annoying substances. 
 
 " The sense of smell is so delicately acute in the horse, that 
 jierhaps he is not exceeded in this function by any other animal. 
 The nose is provided with a very extensive surface for the dis- 
 tribution of the olfactory nerve, by the curious foldings of the 
 turbinated bones. It is principally by means of this faculty he 
 is able to distinguish the cpialities of the plants upon which he 
 feeds, and to reject such as are of a noxious or poisonous de- 
 scription, l^ature, said Linnceus, teaches the brute creation to 
 distinguish, without a preceptor, the useful from the hurtful, 
 while man is left to his own inquiries. On putting the flngers 
 into the nostrils, at the upper and outward j^art, they pass into 
 blind pouches of considerable dimensions. These curious cavi- 
 ties have nothing to do with smelling, because they are lined 
 with a reflection of common integument, but they may possibly 
 be of use in mechanically distending the external entrance of 
 the nostrils, and thus materially facilitate respiration during 
 violent exertion. They are also brought into use, when the 
 animal neighs ; and the Hungarian soldiery* slit them up to 
 
 * It is worthy of remark that the preference of Arabs for the mare to the horse, 
 for warhke purposes, is attributable to the fact that they do not neigh when they 
 scent the vicinity of other horses, as stalHous invariably do — the Arabs never attack- 
 ing, save by surprise. Those nations which fight by open force have no such prefer- 
 ence, but mainly use the stalhon. 
 
HIS EYES AND EARS. 51 
 
 preclude the possibility of being prematurely discovered to the 
 enemy by the exercise of this habit. On the lower part of tlie 
 nostril, toward the outer edge, may be seen the mouth of a 
 small tube, wdiich conveys the tears from the inner canthus or 
 corner of tiie eye. It opens on the sldn just before it joins the 
 lining membrane of the nose. This little cavity has often been 
 mistaken, by unqualified persons, for an ulcer common in glan- 
 derous aifections, and the poor animal has frequently fallen a 
 victim to the error. 
 
 " Their eyes are large in proportion to those of some other 
 quadrupeds, and the pupilar opening is of an oblate elliptic 
 form, with its long axes parallel to the horizon, thus increasing 
 the lateral field of vision. Hound the edges of the pupil is a 
 curious fringe of deep plum-colored eminences, su23posed to be 
 serviceable in absorbing the superabundant rays of light which 
 may be transmitted to the eye. The horse's sight is excellent, 
 and although not regarded as a nocturnal animal, he can distin- 
 guish objects at niglit with great facility. There are but few 
 horsemen who have not benefited by this power, wdien the 
 shades of night have fallen around them. 
 
 " The ears are comparatively small, but the conch is en- 
 dowed wath extensive motion so as to catch the sound coming 
 from any quarter. Their hearing is quick, and although blind- 
 ness is so destructively prevalent among horses, deafness is 
 exceedingly imcommon. During sleep one ear is usually 
 directed forward, and the other backward ; when on a march at 
 night in company, it has been noticed, ' that those in the front 
 direct their ears forward, those in the rear backward, and those 
 in the centre turn them laterally, or across ; the whole troop 
 seeming thus to be actuated by one feeling, which watches the 
 general safety.' In contests of speed the ears are generally laid 
 backwards, so as to ofi:er no opposition to the rapid progress of 
 the animal. It must be evident that if the concave surfaces of 
 these organs be presented forward, they Avould gather the wind* 
 and slightly impede progression. 
 
 " The difi'erent vocal articulations to which the horse gives 
 
 * It appears to me more probable that the ear is deflected backward, merely to 
 avoid the inconvenience, if not pain, which the current of air, generated by the 
 horse's own velocity, would inflict on that deUcate organ. H. "W. H. 
 
52 THE HOESE. 
 
 utterance, are collectively termed neighing ; but some variety 
 of intonation may be discovered in the expression of its pas- 
 sions; as, for instance, the cry of joy or recognition ditfers 
 markedly from that of desire ; and anger from playfulness. 
 The females do not neigh so frequently nor with such force as 
 the males. For this reason it is, that j)redatory and warlike 
 tribes prefer mares, as being better adapted from their silence 
 for surprises or reconnoitering. Castration is known to have a 
 modulating efiect on the voice. JVI. Ilerrissant supposes neigh- 
 ing to be produced by the vibration of two small triangular 
 membranes found at the extremity of the glottis. In the ass 
 and mule this structure is wanting, but they are provided with 
 a more singular apparatus. Hollowed out of the thyroid carti- 
 lage is a small concavity over which is stretched a membrane, 
 similar to the parchment on the head of a drum. When air is 
 forced behind this substance, a very considerable noise is pro- 
 duced, thougli from the absence of muscularity the vibrations 
 are without modulation and consequently dissonant. 
 
 " The intellectual character of the horse is scarcely excelled 
 by that of any other quadruped. His perceptions are remark- 
 ably clear, and his memory excellent. Attachment to those 
 who tend him with kindness forms it prominent trait in his 
 character. The feats which he is often taught to perform evince 
 a high intellectual capacity. Travellers in the desert assure us 
 that horses possess the faculty of directing their course to the 
 nearest water when hard pressed for that necessary article. 
 
 " Horses swim with the greatest facility, and the distances 
 they have been known to perform in the water exceed our 
 expectation, A horse that was wrecked off the coast of South 
 America swam seven miles to land, and saved its life. 
 
 " There exist some important ditferences in the animal 
 economy of the equine family and other herbivorous animals, 
 which, as the inferences from them are of some consequence, it 
 is necessary briefly to notice. The horse naturally requires but 
 little sleep, and even that it often takes standing. In a state of 
 nature, when fodder is short, to sujDport itself projDcrly, it is 
 compelled to graze twenty hours out of the twenty-four. Rumi- 
 nating animals eat with greater rapidity, and lie down to chew 
 the cud. The horse eats no faster than it digests. Digestion in 
 
HIS PROPEKTIES. 53 
 
 the former is interrupted, in the latter continuous. This ex- 
 plains why the horse has no gall bladder, as it requires no 
 reservoir for that necessary fluid ; for, as fast as the bile is 
 secreted by the liver, it is carried to the intestines to perform 
 its important action on the chymous mass. The stomach of the 
 horse is also remarkably small and simple, differing widely 
 from the capacious and complicated structure of the rumi- 
 nantia ; but the intestines are long and the coecum capable of 
 containing a large quantity of fluid, of which it is considered 
 the receptacle. The mamma of the mare is by no means so 
 pendulous and bulky as that of the cow. The horse's feet, from 
 their compact, undivided nature, are much less liable to injury 
 during fleet exertion than those of the ox. All these circum- 
 stances tend to establish the individuality of the horse, and are 
 60 many proofs of admirable design for the purposes to which 
 man has applied him ; for without these peculiarities he would 
 not be so valuable and superior, as a beast of continued and 
 rapid motion, and would consequently occupy a very inferior 
 station. 
 
 " Linnaeus asserted that the male horse was without the 
 rudimentary mamma invariably found in the males of other 
 animals ; but this naturalist was mistaken, for they may be 
 seen on each side of the sheath, and, although of no possible 
 use, still their existence preserves the uniformity of nature's 
 operations. 
 
 " The horse and zebra possess horny callosities on the inside 
 of the fore-legs, above the knees, and on the hocks of the hind 
 legs ; the ass and the quagga have them only on the fore ex- 
 tremities. 
 
 " In a state of nature, the horse is purely an herbivorous 
 animal, but under the restraint which domestication imposes, 
 his habits become changed, and grain and dry grasses form the 
 principal articles of his diet. Domestication is known to origi- 
 nate many diseases totally unknown in a natural state, but it 
 appears to have the effect of augmenting the muscular power 
 of the animal far beyond its uncultivated extent." 
 
 From this brief and clever synopsis of the principal peculi- 
 arities natural and physical of the horse, regarded merely in his 
 generic form as an original quadruped, without considering his 
 
54 TIIE nOKSE. 
 
 varieties, or liis improvement by culture, I proceed to give from 
 Mr. Youatt tlie following delineation and description of his 
 external structure, and subsequently to submit from the best 
 authorities a short account of the method of ascertainiiig the 
 age of the horse, with an explanation illustrated by cuts of tlie 
 structure of the jaws and teeth, and of the arrangement and 
 changes of the dental system ; which ended, I shall advance 
 to the consideration of the various families and varieties of 
 this noblest of the quadruped creation, and first, as noblest, to 
 the improved thorough-bred horse of Great Britain and North 
 America. 
 
SKELETON AND STKUCTURE. 
 
 55 
 
 A The bead. 
 
 a The posterior maxillary, or under jaw. 
 
 6 The superior maxillary, or upper jaw ; near the latter is a foramen, through which pass the 
 
 nerves and blood-vessels, which chiefly supply the lower part of the face. 
 C The orbit, or cavity containing the eye. 
 
 d The nasal bones, or bones of the nose. 
 
 e The suture dividing the parietal bones below from the occipital bones above. 
 
 f The inferior maxillary bone, containing the upper incisor teeth. 
 
 B The seven cervical vertebroe, or bones of the neck. 
 
 C The eighteen dorsal vertebrse, or bones of the back. 
 
 Z> The six lumbar vertebrse, or bones of the loin. 
 
 E The five sacral vertebra^, or bones of the haunch. 
 
 F The caudal vertebra?, or bones of the tail, generally about fifteen in number. 
 
 G The scapula, or shoulder blade. 
 
 n The sternum, or chest. 
 
 1 The costoe, or ribs, seven or eight, articulated with the sternum, and called the true ribs, and 
 ten or eleven united together by cartilage, called the false ribs. 
 
 J The humerus, or bone of the arm. 
 
 K The radius of bone of the forearm. 
 
 L The ulna, or elbow. The point of the elbow is called the olecranon. 
 
 M The carpus, or knee, consisting of seven bones. 
 
 N The metacarpal bones. The large metacarpal, or cannon and shank in front, and the smaller 
 metacarpal, or splent bones, behind. 
 
 g The fore-pastern and foot, consisting of the os suffraginis, or the upper and larger p.astern bone, 
 with the sessamoid bones behind, articulating with the cannon and greater pastern ; the os 
 coronce, or less pastern, the os pedis, or coffin bone, the os naviculare, or navicular or 
 shuttle bone, not seen, and articulating with the smaller pastern and coffin bones. 
 
 h The corresponding bones of the hind feet. 
 
 O The haunch, consisting of three portions ; the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. 
 
 P The femur, or thigh. 
 
 Q The stifle joint, with the patella. 
 
 R The tibia, or proper leg-bone ; behind Is a small bone called the fibula. 
 
 S The tarsus, or hock, composed of sis bones. The prominent part is the 03 calcis, or point of 
 the hock. 
 
 T The metatarsals of the hind leg. 
 
56 
 
 THE HOKSE. 
 
 These beinc; the anatomical points of tlie horso, as dcnion- 
 strand hy the skeleton, I proceed to give what may be ca ed 
 the horseman's points, which I designate on an o»l"'5^'^^t* 
 of that fine English race-horse EUs, by Langar, out of Olivia, 
 by Sir Oliver. 
 
 a The muizle. 
 
 6 The face. 
 
 c The forehead. 
 
 d The jowl. 
 
 6 The poll. 
 
 / The crest. 
 
 g The withers. 
 
 h The windpipe or thrapple. 
 
 i The back. 
 
 j The point of the shoulder. 
 
 Jc The breast or chest. 
 
 I The fore-arm ; vulgo, arm. 
 m The knee. 
 
 II The cannon bones. 
 o The fetlocks. 
 
 p The small pasterns. 
 q The large pasterns. 
 r The hoofs. 
 8 The heels. 
 t The elbow. 
 
 M The girth. 
 V The flank. 
 w The sheath. 
 » The scrotum. 
 y The hocks. 
 z The coronets. 
 A The hip. 
 B The croup or rump. 
 C The dock. 
 D The quarter. 
 E The thigh. 
 F The hamstring. 
 G' The point of the hock. 
 H The loins. 
 
 / The gullet. 
 
 J The shoulder. 
 
 K The arm {proper). 
 
 L The barrel (the ribs). 
 
 M The stifle. 
 
AGE OF THE HORSE. 67 
 
 THE AGE AND DENTAL SYSTEM OF THE HORSE. 
 
 " There* is some difficulty in estimating the natm'al average 
 .ength of tlie horse's life, for many obstacles oppose an inquiry 
 on a scale of sufficient magnitude to be satisfactory. The nu- 
 merous evils entailed on him by the arduous labors and the 
 restricted and unnatural habits of a domesticated state tend 
 greatly to abbreviate life. * * * From these and other 
 reasons it cannot be much doubted that his age is generally 
 underrated. Horses are most erroneously f termed aged^ on 
 the obliteration of the mark from the lower incisor teeth, which 
 occurs by the completion of the eighth year, and though it is 
 far from being the natural term of age and debility, or even of 
 decline of the vital energies, it too frequently happens that, by 
 that time, bodily infirmities have been prematurely induced by 
 over-exertion of their powers. 
 
 * * * " Horses at twenty years old, are often met with 
 in cases Avhere the least humanity has been bestowed on their 
 management. Eclipse died at the age of twenty-five ; Flying 
 Childers at twenty-six. Burns' mare Maggie attained more 
 than twenty-nine years ? Bucephalus, the celebrated horse of 
 Alexander of Macedon, lived till thirty. The natural age is 
 probably between :j: twenty-five and thirty years. A faint and 
 uncertain guide is found in the register of the ages of our most 
 celebrated racing stallions, recollecting, however, that several 
 of them were destroyed on becoming useless for the purposes 
 of the turf. The united ages of ninety-three of these horses 
 amounted to two thousand and five years, or rather better than 
 twenty-one and a half years each horse." 
 
 Here follow, in Mr. Winter's text, many citations, from au- 
 
 * Winter on the Horse, p. 141. 
 
 f It does not appear to me that the error lies in the term, but in the misappre- 
 hension of it. The eight-year-old horse is called aged, as the twenty-one-year-old 
 man is said to be of age ; and the maturity, not the decline, of his age is implied. 
 This is clear from the fact that so soon as he is aged he begins to carry maximmn 
 weight, which he carries /or ever after, so long as he runs. The impossibility of defi- 
 nitely ascertaining his years after that term, renders the farther apportionment of 
 weight for age impossible. H. W. H. 
 
 X Whalebone, by Waxy, out of Penelope, own brother to Whisker and Woful, 
 covered mares at twenty-four years. See Note * on page 73. H. W. H. 
 
68 THE HORSE. 
 
 tliors of all ages, qualities, and conditions, from Pliny down to 
 Mr. Blaine, relating to the age to wliicli individual horses have, 
 or have not, attained ; and some speculations regarding the ago 
 to which horses — situated otherwise than they are, ever have 
 Deen, or, probably, ever will be situated — might possibly 
 attain. 
 
 It being, however, my present object to look at horses as 
 they are, I shall assume the maximum average age of the liorso 
 to be twenty-five years, and the same to be the extreme age of 
 the working horse. Of the latter twelve will be, it is likely, 
 about the average. 
 
 How you shall know the age of a horse, is a matter of ques- 
 tion to most, of dispute to many, of experience to all. 
 
 By the teeth, only, in my judgment, can the age be known 
 certainly / and by them, certainly^ only until the ninth year. 
 
 By certainly I mean this — that one may surely, and almost 
 without fail, say that this horse is older than nine years, but that 
 he cannot 2?ossiI/ly say hoio much older. 
 
 The other signs, beyond the mark of the teeth, vary with 
 the variation of circumstances; and, with the double varia- 
 tion, opinions, or judgments as they are called, will yet farther 
 differ. 
 
 The mark of the teeth, naturally, is invariable. By art or 
 rascality, when made to vary, the variation to a practised eye is 
 easily discoverable. That mark extends to the eighth year, 
 surely, and no farther. 
 
 NATURAL HISTORY. 
 
 " As a matter of civil economy," says Mr. Winter, in his 
 valuable book on the hoi'se, from which I have already quoted, 
 "it is important to judge correctly of the age of our useful 
 servant, the horse. This is chiefly accomj)lished by observing 
 the natural changes, which occur in his teeth, the periods at 
 which they appear, are shed and rejDlaced, and the alterations 
 in their form and markings. 
 
 " The teeth of most animals offer some criterion from which 
 their age can be estimated with more or less accuracy. * * 
 The teeth are nearly the sole indices of the age of the horse, 
 ass, elephant, camel, dog, and the polled varieties of the ox and 
 
THE DENTAL SYSTEM. 59 
 
 elieep ; while in other domesticated animals, as the elk, deer, 
 goat, common ox and sheep, the horns also present legible in- 
 dications of the progress of time. 
 
 " Reference to the teeth to ascertain the horse's age is not 
 hv any means a practice of recent origin. Xenophon, in his 
 well-known work on horsemanshij), alludes to it as an estab- 
 lished custom used in the selection of cavahy for the Grecian 
 armies ; he properly advised a rejection of such horses as have 
 lost the dental mark. The same facts are subsequently noticed 
 by Yarro, Columella, Yegetius, and other Roman writers. 
 
 "The horse, when full mouthed, possesses forty teeth — 
 twenty in each jaw. They are named from their use, position 
 and character. Those in the front of the mouth, whose office it 
 is to gather the food when grazing, are termed incisors, or more 
 properly nippers. They are twelve in number, six above, and 
 six below ; they do not overlap each other, as is the case in 
 man, but meet in a broad tabular surface. From these teeth is 
 principally deduced the age of the animal. For the sake of 
 description, they are usually ranged in pairs, as they appear, 
 and the first pair is called the central, the second the dividers, 
 and the third the corner nippers. The tushes or canines come 
 next, one above and one below on each side. They are of a 
 pointed form, and are convex on the outer side, and slightly 
 concave on the inner surface. They scarcely ever appear above 
 the gums in mares, although their rudiments may be discovered 
 on dissection, imbedded in the maxillary bones. They are con- 
 sequently regarded as sexual distinctives. It is difficult to as- 
 sign their use ; their position precludes the possibility of tlieir 
 being used as weapons of offence or defence. They may be 
 viewed as a link of uniformity so commonly traced in the ani- 
 mated world. The grinders or molars are twenty-four in num- 
 ber. They are teeth of great power. By them the food is 
 comminuted, and prepared for the digestive action of the 
 stomach. In order to fit them for their office, they possess ad- 
 ditional interlayers of enamel, which prevent their too rapid 
 w^ear. The arrangement and number of the horse's teeth may 
 be represented by the subjoined dental formula. 
 
 " Incisors, | ; canines, in the male only, } ; molars, ^,^', = 40. 
 In common with most animals, the horse is provided with two 
 
60 THE H0K8E. 
 
 sets of teeth ; those appearing first are known as the temjporary^ 
 deciduous^ or milli teeth, and are succeeded by the permanent 
 set. On comparing the different magnitude of the jawbones of 
 the colt and the adult horse, the necessity of such a change is 
 at once apparent. By it the teeth are adapted to the size of 
 the maxillary bones. The teeth, from their peculiar character 
 and mode of growth, do not admit of any material increase of 
 dimension, and nature was therefore forced either to place the 
 large permanent teeth in small and disproportionate jawbones, 
 or to adapt the size of the teeth by displacement to the growth 
 of the bones that contained them. The latter process is adopted, 
 and constitutes one of those remarkable evidences of creative 
 power, with which the living frame is replete. 
 
 " Three substances enter into the structure of the teeth ; 
 1. The enamel. 2. The dental bone, or ivory ; and 3. A corti- 
 cal envelope, surrounding the fang. The enamel difi'ers but 
 little in chemical constitution from the osseous body of the 
 teeth, and that principally results from the absence of animal 
 matter in it. It appears closely analogous to the univalve por- 
 celainous shells, and is the hardest and most indestructible sub- 
 stance of the body. The dental bone is distinctly tubular ir^ 
 structure, as was first demonstrated by Leuwenhoeck, in a com- 
 munication made by him to the Philosophical Transactions of 
 1678, and this has been confirmed by the late microscopical re 
 searches of Purkinje and Muller. These tubuli take a perpen 
 dicular direction, and are exceedingly small, but capable of 
 absorbing ink by capillary attraction. No such tubuli havt. 
 been traced in the enamel. The teeth, both incisors and grind- 
 ers, are being constantly worn away at the crown, but the los* 
 is supplied by the gradual, continuous and equivalent growth 
 from the root. The horse's teeth are sometimes, but not fre- 
 quently, subject to disease. It is seldom that any of them arft 
 lost from age, as is the case with man, and most other animals 
 Blaine, in his Outlines of the Veterinary Art, p. 40, 4tb edition, 
 institutes the following comparison between the respective age& 
 of man and the horse. 
 
 " The constitution of horses and men may be considered as 
 in an equal degree of perfection and capability of exertion, or 
 of debility and decay, according as youth or age preponderates. 
 
STKUCTUKE OF THE TEETH. 61 
 
 Tlius, the first five years of a horse may be considered as equiv- 
 alent to the first twenty in man ; or thns, that a horse of five 
 years old may be comparatively considered as old as a man of 
 twenty ; a horse of ten years as a man of forty ; a horse of fif- 
 teen as a man of fifty ; a horse of twenty as a man of sixty ; 
 of twenty-five as a man of seventy ; of thirty as a man of 
 eighty ; of thirty-five as a man of ninety. So far from this 
 comparison being in favor of the horse, I am disposed to think 
 it is too little. Horses of thirty-five years of age are as com- 
 mon as men of ninety, provided it be taken into account that 
 there are twenty human subjects for every horse; and, unques- 
 tionably, a horse of forty-five is less rare than a man of a hun- 
 dred and ten," 
 
 To this it may be added, that the early English racers ap- 
 pear to have been more addicted to longevity than those ot 
 modern days, and the American horse generally than the Eng- 
 lish ; probably because, in the former case, the hoi-se was not 
 put to hard w'ork until his powers w^ere developed by an advance 
 toward maturity. Two and three year old training was unknown 
 until a recent date ; and, in the latter case, in America, horses 
 generally are little used in harness, or for general work, until 
 they have attained to five or six years. 
 
 We now proceed to consider the first appearance, and 
 successive changes of the teeth, with the marks and their de- 
 scriptions from the commencement unto maturity. The cuts 
 and letter press of these are both borrowed from Mr. Youatt's 
 admirable work. 
 
 " Seven or eight months before the foal is Fig. i. 
 
 born, the germs or beginnings of the teeth are 
 visible in the cavities of the jaws. At the 
 time of birth, the first and second grinders have 
 appeared, large, compared with the size of the 
 jaw, seemingly filling it. In the course of seven 
 or eight days the two centre nippers are seen 
 as here represented. Eig. 1. 
 
 " In the course of the first month the third 
 grinder appears, above and below, and not long 
 after, aiid generally before six weeks have expired, another inci- 
 sor above and below will be seen on each side of the two first, 
 
62 
 
 THE IIOKSE. 
 
 which hare now considerably grown, but not attained their per- 
 fect height. This cut will then represent the aj^pearance of the 
 mouth. Fio-. 2. 
 
 " At two months, the centre nippers will have reached their 
 natural level, and between the second and third month the sec- 
 ond pair will have overtaken them. They will then begin to 
 wear a little, and the outer edge, which was at first somewhat 
 raised and sharp, is brought to a level with the inner edge, and 
 so the mouth continues until some time between the sixth and 
 ninth month, when another nipper begins to appear on each 
 side of the two first, making six above and below, and complet- 
 ing the colt's mouth ; after which the only observable difterence, 
 until between the second and third year, is 
 in the wear and tear of these teeth. 
 
 "These teeth are covered with a polished 
 and exceedingly hard enamel ; indeed it is 
 so hard that it almost bids defiance to the 
 action of a file. It spreads over that por- 
 tion of the tootli which appears above the 
 gum, and not only so, but as they are to be 
 so much employed in nipping the grass, and 
 in gathering up the animal's food, and in 
 such employment even this hard substance must be gradually 
 worn away, a portion of it, as it passes over the upper surface 
 of the teeth, is bent inward, and sunk into the body of the teeth, 
 and forms a little i^it in them. The inside and bottom of this 
 pit being blackened by the food, constitute the marli of the 
 teeth, by the gradual disappearance of which, in consequence of 
 the wearing down of the teeth, we are enabled for several years 
 to judge of the age of the animal. 
 
 " The colt's nipping teeth are rounded in front, somewhat 
 hollow toward the mouth, and present at first a cutting surface, 
 with the outer edge rising in a slanting direction above the inner 
 edge. This, however, soon begins to wear down, nntil both sur- 
 faces are level, and the mark, which was originally long and 
 narrow, becomes shorter, and wider and fainter. At six months 
 the four nippers are beginning to wear to a level. 
 
 " The annexed cut will convey some idea of the appearance 
 of the teeth at twelve months. The four middle teeth are al- 
 
6UCCESSI0N OF THE TEETH. 
 
 G3 
 
 most level, and the corner ones are becoming so. The mark in 
 the two middle teeth is wide and faint, in the two next teeth it 
 is longer, darker and narrower. In the fi?. 3. 
 
 corner teeth it is longest, darkest and nar- 
 rowest. 
 
 " The back teeth or grinders will not 
 guide ns far in ascertaining the age of 
 the animal, for we cannot easily inspect 
 them, but there are some interesting par- 
 ticulars connected Avitli them. The foal 
 is born with two grinders in each jaw, 
 above and below, or they appear within 
 two or three days after the birth. Before the expiration of the 
 month they are succeeded by a third, more backward. Tlie 
 crowns of the grinders are entirely covered with enamel on the 
 tops and sides, but attrition soon wears it away from the toj), and 
 there remains a compound surface of alternate layers of crusted 
 petraser, enamel and iA'ory, which are employed in grinding 
 down tlie hardest portion of the food. Nature has, therefore, 
 made an additional provision for their strength and endurance. 
 Fig. 4: represents a grinder sawed across. The live dark spots 
 represent bony matter; the parts covered with lines enamel, 
 and the white spaces a strong bony cement uniting the other 
 portions of the teeth. 
 
 " At the completion of the first year a fourth grinder usually 
 comes up, and the yearling has then, or soon afterwards, six 
 nippers and four grinders above and below Fig. 4. 
 
 in each jaw, which, with the alteration in ^cse^^^^x 
 
 the nippers we have just described, will ^^^ \ 
 
 enable us to calculate the age of the foal, 
 subject to some variations arising from the 
 period of weaning, and the nature of the 
 food. 
 
 " At the age of one year and a half, the mark in the central 
 nippers will be much shorter and fainter ; that in the two other 
 pairs will have undergone an evident change, and all the nip- 
 pers will be flat. At two years this will be more manifest. 
 The accompanying cut, Fig. 5, deserves attention, as giving an 
 
64 
 
 THE H0K8E. 
 
 accurate representation of the nippers in the lower jaw of a two- 
 year-old colt. 
 
 " About this period a fifth grinder will appear, and now like- 
 Fig. 5. wise, will commence another process. 
 The first teeth are adapted to the size 
 and wants of the young animal. They 
 are sufficiently large to occupy and fill 
 the colt's jaws, but when these bones 
 have expanded with the increasing 
 growth of the animal, the teeth are sep- 
 arated too far from each other to be 
 useful, and another and larger set is 
 required. The second teeth then be- 
 gin to push up from below, and the fangs of the first are ah- 
 sot-hed^ until the former approach the surface of the gum, when 
 they drop out. "Where the temporary teeth do not rise imme- 
 diately under the milk teeth, but by their sides, the latter being 
 pressed sideway are absorbed throughout their whole length. 
 They grow narrow, are pushed out of place, and cause inconve- 
 nience to the gums, and sometimes to the cheek. They are then 
 called wolfs teeth, and they should be extracted.* 
 
 Tlie teeth which first appeared are first renewed, and therefore 
 the front or first grinders are changed at the age of two years. 
 Fig. 6. " During the period between the 
 
 fallinff out of the central milk teeth 
 and the coming up of the perma- 
 nent ones, the colt, having a broken 
 mouth, may find some difficulty in 
 grazing. If he should fall away 
 considerably in condition, he should 
 be fed with mashes and corn, or 
 cut feed. The next cut, fig. 6, w^ill 
 represent a three-year-old mouth. 
 "The central teeth are larger 
 than the others, with two grooves in the outer convex sur- 
 
 * Kote by Mr. Spooner. Although irregularities of the teeth sometimes occur, 
 as mentioned in the text, yet the wolf's teeth are generaUy two smaU supplement- 
 ary teeth appearing in front of the molar teeth ; and though supposed to have an 
 injurious effect on the eyes, we have rarely, if ever, found that they produce any 
 
THKEE-TEAK OLD MOUTH. bO 
 
 face, and tlie mark is long, narrow, deep and black. Not having 
 yet attained their full growth, they are rather lower than the 
 others. The mark in the two next nippers is nearly worn out, 
 and it is wearing away in the corner nippers. 
 
 '■'■ Is it possible to give this raouth to an early two-year-old f 
 The ages of all horses used to be reckoned from the first of May, 
 but some are foaled even as early as January, and being actu- 
 ally four months over the two years, if they have been well 
 nursed and fed, and are strong and large, they may, with the 
 inexperienced, have an additional year put upon them.* The 
 central nippers are punched or drawn out, and the others ap- 
 pear three or four months earlier than they otherwise would. 
 In the natural process they would only rise by long pressing 
 upon the first teeth, and causing their absorption. But opposi- 
 tion from the first set being removed, it is easy to imagine that 
 their progress will be more rapid. Three or four months will 
 be gained in the appearance of these teeth, and these three or 
 four months will enable the breeder to term him a late colt of 
 the preceding year. To him, however, who is accustomed to 
 horses, the general form of the animal, the little development 
 of the forehand, the continuance of the mark on the next paii 
 of nippers, its more evident existence in the corner ones, some 
 enlargement or irregularity about the gums from the violence 
 used in forcing out the teeth, the small growth of the first and 
 fifth grinders, and the non-appearance of the sixth grinder, 
 which, if it be not through the gum at three years old, is swell- 
 ing under it, and preparing to get through — any or all of these cir- 
 cumstances, carefully attended to, will be a suflicient security 
 against deception. 
 
 " A horse at three years old ought to have the central perma- 
 nent nippers growing, the other two pairs wasting, six grinders 
 in each jaw, above and below, the first and fifth level, the others 
 and the sixth protruding. The sharp edge of new incisors, al- 
 though it could not well be expressed in the cut, will be very 
 evident when compared with the old teeth. 
 
 " As the permanent nippers wear and continue to grow, a 
 
 injurious effect, either on the eyes or the mouth, and consequently it is useless to 
 interfere with them. When, however, the teeth grow irregularly, the permanent 
 ones appearing by the side of the temporary, the latter should be removed. 
 * See Note + on page 73. 
 YOL. I.—" 
 
66 
 
 THE H0K8E. 
 
 narrow portion of the cone-shaped tooth is exposed by the at- 
 trition, and they look as if they had been compressed, but it is 
 not so. Not only will the mark be wearing out, but the crowns 
 of the teeth will be sensibly smaller. 
 
 " At three years and a half, or between that and four, the 
 next pair of nippers will be changed, and the mouth at that time 
 cannot be mistaken. The central nippers will have attained 
 nearly their full growth. A vacuity will be left where the se- 
 cond stood, or they will begin to peep above the gum, and the 
 corner ones will be diminished in breadth, worn down, and the 
 mark becoming small and faint. At this period, likewise, the 
 second pair of grinders will be shed. Previously to this may 
 be the attempt of the dealer to give to his three-year-old an ad- 
 ditional year, but the fraud will be detected by an examination 
 similar to that which has been already described. 
 
 " At four years, the central nippers will be fully developed ; 
 the sharp edge somewhat worn off, and the mark shorter, wider, 
 fainter. The next pair will be wp, but they will be small, with the 
 mark deep and extending quite across them, as in iig. T. The 
 Fig. T. corner nippers will be larger than 
 
 the inside ones, yet smaller than 
 they were, and flat, and the mark 
 nearly effaced. The sixth grind 
 ers will have risen to a leve 
 with the others, and the tushes 
 will begin to appear. 
 
 " Now, more than at any other 
 time, will the dealer be anxious 
 to put an additional year on the 
 animal, for the difference between 
 a four-year-old colt and a five-year-old horse, in strength, utilit} 
 and value, is very great ; but the want of wear in the other nip- 
 pers, the small size of the corner ones, the little growth of the 
 tush, the smallness of the second grinder, the low forehand, the 
 legginess of the colt, and the thickness and little depth of the 
 mouth, will, to the man of common experience among horses, 
 at once detect the cheat. 
 
 "The tushes are four in number, two in each jaw, situated 
 between the nippers and the grinders, much nearer to the former 
 
FIVE-YEAE-OLD MOUTH. 
 
 67 
 
 than the latter, and nearer in the lower jaw than the upper, but 
 this distance increases in both jaws with the age. In shape, the 
 tush somewhat resembles a cone ; it protrudes from the gum 
 about an inch, and is sharp-pointed and curved. The appear- 
 ance of this tush in the horse may vary from four years to four 
 years and six months. It can only be accelerated a few weeks 
 by cutting the gum over it. At four years and a half, or be- 
 tween that and five, the last important change takes place in 
 the mouth of the horse. The corner nij^pers are shed, and the 
 j)ermanent ones begin to appear. The central nippers are con- 
 siderably worn, and the next pair are commencing to show 
 marks of usage. The tush has now protruded, and is generally 
 a full half inch in height ; externally, it has a rounded promi- 
 nence, with a groove on either side, and it is evidently hollowed 
 within. The reader scarcely needs to be told that after the ris- 
 
 ing of the corner 
 
 nipper, the animal changes its name. The 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 colt becomes a horse, the filly a mare. 
 
 " At five years, the horse's mouth 
 is almost perfect — ^fig. 8. The 
 corner nippers are quite up, with 
 the long deep jnark irregular 
 in the inside, and the other nip- 
 pers bearing evident tokens of in- 
 creased wearing. The tush is 
 much grown ; the grooves have al- 
 most or quite disappeared, and the 
 outer surface is regularly convex. 
 Tt is still as concave within, and 
 with the edge nearly as sharp, as it was six months before. 
 The sixth molar is quite up, and the third molar is wanting. 
 This last circumstance, if the general appearance of the animal, 
 and particularly his forehand, and the wearing of the centre 
 nippers, and the growth and shapes of the tushes be likewise 
 carefully attended to, will prevent deception, if a late four-year- 
 old is attempted to be substituted for a five-year-old. The nip- 
 pers may be brought up a few months before their time, and 
 the tushes a few weeks, but the grinder is with difficulty dis- 
 placed. The three last grinders and the tushes are never shed. 
 " At six years — see fig. 9 — the mark on the central nippers 
 
68 
 
 THE HOESE. 
 
 is worn out. There will still be a difference of color in the cen- 
 tre of the tooth. Tlie cement filling iij) the hole, made by the 
 Pj„ 9 dij^ping of the enamel, will pre- 
 
 sent a browner hne than the 
 other part of the tooth, and it 
 will be evidently surrounded by 
 an edge of enamel, and there 
 will remain even a little depres- 
 sion in the centre, and also a de- 
 pression round the case of ena- 
 mel ; but the deep hole in the 
 centre of the teeth, with the 
 blackened surface which it pre- 
 sents, and the elevated edge ot 
 enamel, will have disappeared. Persons not much accustomed 
 to horses have been puzzled here. Tliey expected to find a plain 
 surface of uniform color, and knew not what conclusion to draw 
 when there was both discoloration and irregularity. 
 
 " In the next incisors the mark is shorter, broader, and 
 fainter, and in the corner teeth the edges of the enamel are more 
 regular, and the surface is evidently worn. The tush has at- 
 tained its full growth, being nearly or quite an inch long, con- 
 vex outward, concave within, tending to a point, and the ex- 
 tremity somewhat curved. The third grinder is fairly up, and 
 all the grinders are level. 
 
 " The horse may now be said 
 to have a perfect mouth. All 
 the teeth are produced, fully 
 grown, and have hitherto sus- 
 tained no material injury. Du- 
 ring these important changes of 
 the teeth, the animal has suffered 
 less than could be supposed 
 possible. 
 
 " At seven years — see fig. 
 10 — the mark, in the way in 
 which we have described it, is 
 worn out in the four central nippers, and fast wearing away in 
 the corner teeth ; the tush also is beginning to be altered. It 
 
 Fig. 10. 
 
SEVEN-TEAE-OLD MOUTH. 
 
 69 
 
 is rounded at the point, rounded at the edges, still round without, 
 and beginning to get round inside. 
 
 " At eight years old, the tush is rounder in every way ; the 
 mark is gone from all the bottom nippers, and it may almost 
 be said to be out of the mouth. There is nothing remaining 
 in the lottom nippers that can afterward clearly show the age of 
 the horse, or justify the most experienced examiner in giving a 
 positive opinion ! * 
 
 " Dishonest dealers have been said to resort to a method of 
 prolonging the mark in the lower nippers. It is called Bishop- 
 ing, from the name of the scoundrel who invented it. Tlie 
 horse of eight or nine years old — for his mouth, see fig. 11 — is 
 thrown, and Avitli an engra- rig. il 
 
 ver's tool a hole is dug in the 
 now almost plain surface of the 
 corner teeth, in shape resem- 
 bling the mark yet left in those 
 of a seven-year-old horse. Tlie 
 hole is then burned with a 
 heated iron, and a permanent 
 black stain is left. The next 
 pair of nippers are sometimes 
 slightly touched. An ignorant 
 man would be very easily deceived by this trick ; but the ir- 
 regular appearance of the cavity, the difi'usion of the black 
 stain around the tushes, the sharpened edges and concave inner 
 surface of which can never be given again, the marks on the 
 upper nippers, together with the general conformation of the 
 horse, can never deceive the careful examiner. 
 
 " Horsemen, after the animal is eight years old, are accus- 
 tomed to look to the nippers in the uj)per jaw, and some conclu- 
 
 * I have myself italicised this passage, because it is a common error in the 
 United States, and one especially insisted on by dealers having old horses to sell, 
 that the age can be positively ascertained even to ten, eleven or twelve years, so 
 that it can be predicated of a horse that he is so old and no older ! This is an abso- 
 lute fallacy. It is easy, from many general signs, to see that a horse is above eight 
 years old, but impossible to judge certainly how much older ! The length and an- 
 gularity of the nippers, the depth of the super-orbital cavities, and other points of 
 conformation, may enable a good judge to guess comparatively, but never to speak 
 Burely. H. W. H. 
 
70 THE HOKSE. 
 
 sion has been drawn from the appearances which they present. 
 It cannot be doubted that the mark remains in tliem for some 
 years after it has been obliterated in tlie nippers of the lower 
 jaw. 
 
 " There are various opinions as to the intervals between the 
 disappearance of the marks from the different cutting teeth of 
 the upper jaw.* Some have averaged it at two years, some at 
 one. The author is inclined to adopt the latter opinion, and 
 then the age will be thus determined. At nine years the mark 
 will be worn from the middle nippers, from the next pair at ten, 
 and from all the upper nippers at eleven. During these periods 
 the tush is likewise undergoing a manifest change. It is blunter, 
 shorter, and rounder. In what degree this takes place in the 
 different periods, long and favorable opportunities can alone 
 enable the horseman to decide. \ 
 
 " The alteration in the form of the tushes is frequently un- 
 certain. It will sometimes be blunt at eight, and at others 
 remain pointed at eighteen. 
 
 " After eleven, and until the horse is very old, the age may 
 be guessed at with some degree of confidence, from the shape 
 of the upper surface, or extremity of the nippers. At eight 
 they are all oval, the length of the oval running across from 
 tooth to tooth ; but as the horse gets older, the teeth diminish 
 in size — and this commencing in their width and not in their 
 thickness. They become a little apart from each other, and 
 their surfaces become round instead of oval. At nine, the cen- 
 tre nippers are evidently so ; at ten, the others begin to have 
 the oval shortened. At eleven, the second pair of nippers are 
 quite rounded, and at thirteen, the corner ones have also that 
 appearance. At fourteen, the faces of the central nippers 
 become somewhat triangular. At seventeen, they are all so. 
 
 * How entirely doubtful, not to say fallacious, these indications must be held, it 
 is only necessary to attend to the admitted variation of the best opinions on the 
 subject. Mr. Youatt only inclines to his own belief. If the other, by chance, be 
 the true one, his nine-year-old will be ten, his ten-year-old eleven, his eleven-year- 
 old twelve. Q. E. D. H. W. H. 
 
 \ The very next sentence shows that nothing can enable any one to decide. 
 Since, if the same signs are occasionally present at eight and at eighteen years, de- 
 cision is impossible, and guess-work must be no more than vague and blind, as to 
 what these signs may or may not indicate. H. W. H. 
 
INDICATIONS OF AGE. 71 
 
 At nineteen, the angles begin to wear oflP, and tlie central teeth 
 are again oval, but in a reversed direction ; viz., from outward, 
 inward, and at twenty-one they all wear this form. 
 
 " It would of course be folly to expect any thing like a 
 certainty in an opinion of the exact age of an old horse, as 
 drawn from the above indications. Stabled horses have the 
 marks sooner worn out than those that are * at grass, and crib- 
 biters still sooner. At nine or ten, the bars of the mouth be- 
 come less prominent, and their regular diminution will designate 
 increasing age. At eleven or twelve, the lower nippers change 
 their original upright direction, and project forward horizon- 
 tally, and become of a yellow color. 
 
 " The general indications of old age, independent of the 
 teeth, are the deepening of the hollows over the eyes ; gray 
 hairs, and particularly over the eyes, and about the muzzle ; 
 thinness and hanging down of the lips ; sharpness of the 
 withers, sinking of the back, Jengthening of the quarters ; and 
 the disappearance of windgalls, spavins, and tumors of every 
 kind. 
 
 " Horses, kindly and not prematurely used, sometimes live 
 to between thirty-five and forty-five years of age ; and Mr. Per- 
 cival gives an account of a barge horse that died in his sixty- 
 eecond year." 
 
 On this head of age, I should not have considered it worth 
 the while to insert any thing beyond the cut of the complete 
 aged mouth, fig. 11, with the description accompanying it, but 
 for the prevalent opinion, constantly inculcated by interested 
 dealers in the United States, that the age of a horse, after eight 
 or nine years, can be as certainly and as exactly predicated by 
 mouth-mark, and his exact age guaranteed accordingly, as pre- 
 viously to that period. 
 
 * Iq relation to this, Mr. Spooner, in his appendix to Youatt on the Horse, Eng. 
 ed. p. 486, decidedly demurs, in these words : — " A careful examination leads me to 
 beUeve that the observation in the text, that the teeth are developed much earlier 
 in young animals that are corn-fed and taken early into the stable, and consequently 
 that in thoroughbred horses the changes of the teeth are earlier than in animals 
 that remain in a state of nature, is erroneous. I think them, of the two, rather the 
 more backward." 
 
 I note this discrepancy only to point out how dubious all indications, and how 
 fallacious all judgments are, after eight years. H. W. H. 
 
Y2 THE HOKSE. 
 
 It is easy for a judge to say that such a horse is nine years 
 old, and p?'ohahly not much over that age, accordingly as there 
 may be some remains of the mark in the upper nippers, and the 
 tushes be not extremely blunted. And the odds are that he will 
 not be far out of the way. 
 
 Nor would I myself hesitate to purchase an aged horse, which 
 did not exhibit marks of extreme senility, if his general condi- 
 tion, soundness, state of health and activity were entirely satis- 
 factory, though I should not pretend to say myself, or to believe 
 any one else who should venture to say, that such horse was 
 above or below ten or twelve years. 
 
 The marks of extreme senility, when it has already super- 
 induced emaciation, the shrinking of the textures, the failure of 
 the organs of sense, and the general decay of the physical sys- 
 tem, are not, of course, difficult to detect, or easy, when far 
 advanced, to mistake. 
 
 But it is worthy of remark, that, although not, so far as I am 
 aware, commented upon by any of the authorities, the first marks 
 of such incipient senility are often fallacious. 
 
 Much stress is laid by many persons on the depth of the 
 super-orbital cavities, and yet more on the length and extreme 
 protrusion of the nippers beyond the gums, as also, in a less 
 degree, on the hollowness of the back. 
 
 All these are doubtless indications of age, but I have many 
 times seen colts, got hy sires in extreme age^ having all these in- 
 dications of advanced life, in a degree scarcely inferior to those 
 of the aged stallions, before they had yet acquired a full mouth, 
 much less lost the mark. 
 
 And more than once or twice I have seen foals, newly 
 dropped, with the deep super-orbital cavities and hollow backs 
 bequeathed to them by their aged stallions before they had got 
 their colt's teeth. 
 
 By this I do not intend to deny that the marks and indica- 
 tions insisted on in the above quotations have some foundation 
 in fact, and may, with very considerable qualification, be re- 
 garded as signs whereon to hang a conjectural judgment, but I 
 do mean most distinctly to assert, that there is not, nor ever has 
 been, a horseman living, who, admitting that a horse is above 
 nine or ten, at the very farthest, can ascertain and guarantee, 
 
AGE BY KEGISTRT. 73 
 
 even to his own satisfaction, much less to that of others, that 
 such animal may not be twelve, fourteen, or sixteen instead of 
 ten ; although he might feel well satisfied that the horse de- 
 scribed as ten may be, and almost surely is, nearer to the more 
 advanced term. Yet even in this opinion he is liable, for the 
 causes above given, though less liable than in the other, to be 
 mistaken. 
 
 The moral of all this amounts simply to saying, that if one 
 choose to buy a horse past mark of mouth, one must do so on 
 his own judgment and at his own risk ; for to credit any asser- 
 tions, or to give ear to any veterinarian opinion on the subject, 
 is mere folly. 
 
 These remarks do not of course apply to horses which have 
 run for public stakes under established names, or to the regis- 
 tered and recorded stock of thorouo-hbred dam and sire. Their 
 ages being ascertainable by the stud books and turf registers, 
 the question is reduced to one of identity, and that, established, 
 we are surer of the horse's age, than of our own by parish 
 record. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 ♦ (P. 57.) American Eclipse foaled 1814, died 184'?, in the thirty-fourth year of 
 his age ; he covered mares and got foals the last year of his life. 
 
 •j- (P. 65.) The age of all turf horses in America, except in Alabama, Louisiana, 
 Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida, are reckoned from January 1st, 
 and they are thus reckoned in England and France. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE ENGLISH BLOOD-HOESE. 
 
 It being, in the first place, admitted tliat tlie English blood- 
 horse is the most perfect animal of his race, in the wliole world, 
 both for speed and endurance, and that the American blood-horse 
 directly traces, without mixture, to English, and, through the 
 English, to oriental parentage, it is absolutely necessary to 
 revert to the origin and original creation of the former variety, 
 in order to come at the pedigree, characteristics, and history of 
 the latter. 
 
 With American blood-horses, it is not as it is with American 
 men ; the latter may, in many cases, trace their descent to an 
 admixture of the blood of many nations ; the former, on the 
 contrar}'-, must trace to the blood of the English thoroughbred, 
 or, if it fail to do so, must suffer in consequence of the taint of 
 any foreign strain. 
 
 I do not, of course, mean to assert that, in a horse of unques- 
 tioned excellence and performance, it would be a defect to trace 
 to a new and recent cross of Arab or Barb blood ; but I do 
 mean to say, that such pedigree would be of no. advantage to 
 the character of the animal ; since it is clear that, by no oriental 
 horse recently imported into Great Britain has the British 
 blood-horse been improved — the Wellesley Arabian having got 
 but one offspring of even moderate racing celebrity, Fair Ellen 
 — while no horse of the pure blood of the desert, by any allow- 
 ance of weight, has been enabled to win a race on the English 
 Turf, though, within the last twenty years, many have been 
 started for prizes. 
 
 It is believed that no Barb, Arab, or Turk imported into 
 America, has ever got a horse of any true pretensions on the 
 
EARLY BKITISH HORSES. 75 
 
 turf, or has ever been the winner of any important race ; and 
 yet, within a few years, the last quarter of a century at the 
 utmost, a considerable number have been introduced to this 
 country, many of them gifts from sovereign potentates to dif- 
 ferent Presidents of the United States, reputed to be of the 
 noblest breed, and surely, as regal gifts, presumable to have 
 been of true blood. 
 
 The theory and presumed cause of the worthlessness of 
 Arab Sires at tlie present day, will be discussed hereafter, when 
 we come to treat of breeding and the influence of lineal descent 
 on the production and transmission of hereditary qualities in the 
 horse. 
 
 It suffices, at present, to observe that the English race horse 
 is now on all hands admitted to be an animal of superior hered- 
 itary qualities to the pure-bred horse of the desert ; and that 
 the race horse in America — the only country wherein he does 
 not appear to have degenerated from his ancestry — ^is identical 
 in breed and qualities with the progenitors, to whom he traces 
 his pedigree. 
 
 In a work of the character to which this volume aspires 
 only, absolute originality is not to be looked for ; nor, indeed, is 
 it either desirable, or attainable. It must consist of informa- 
 tion obtained at second hand, or even more remotely, from the 
 most intelligent sources, whether travellers, breeders, sporting- 
 men, or veterinary surgeons, and of statistics carefully compiled 
 from authentic registers and records. Of these, therefore, I 
 propose to avail myself largely, giving credit invariably to the 
 Bources to which I am indebted ; and, in pursuance of this 
 method, I proceed to quote, from an excellent little work, by 
 William Youatt, reprinted from Knight's Store of Knowledge, 
 re-edited and revised by Cecil, and printed in London during 
 the past year, the following close and accurate account of the 
 early history and gradual improvement of the English horse. 
 
 " That horses were introduced into Britain long before the 
 Christian era, we have abundant evidence, and that the inhabi- 
 tants had acquired great experience in their use is equally cer- 
 tain. In the ancient British language Rhediad is the word for 
 a race — rheder^ to run — and rhedecfa, a race. All these spring 
 from the Gaulish rheda^ a chariot. Here, then^ is direct evi- 
 
76 THE HOKSE. 
 
 dence that horses were introduced from Gaul, and that chariot- 
 races were established at a very early period," 
 
 I would here observe, that this evidence is not to my mind 
 direct or conclusive, as to the fact of the introduction of the 
 horse from Gaul ; although it is so, as to the antiquity of chariot- 
 racing in both countries, and to the non-Eoman descent or 
 introduction of the British or Gaulish animal. And my reason 
 for so saying is that, as the blood, the religion and the language 
 of the Britons were cognate if not identical with those of some, 
 at least, of the Gallic tribes, it is no more certain that the Gallic 
 Rheda is the theme of the British rJieder^ than that it is derived 
 therefrom. It does, however, in a great degree prove that the 
 Gallic and British horses were identical, and descended not 
 from any breed transmitted through Greece and Italy, but from 
 one brought inland to the northward of the Alps ; perhaps by 
 those Gauls, wdio ravaged Upper Greece and Northern Italy, 
 almost before the existence of authentic history ; perhaps by 
 their original ancestors ; at all events, of antique Thracian or 
 Thessalic descent, and, therefore, of remote but direct oriental 
 race, in all probability again improved by a later desert cross, 
 derived from the IN^umidian cavalry of the Carthaginian Barcas, 
 long 23revious to the Caesarian campaigns in Gaul or the inva- 
 sions of the sacred island of the Druids. This, however, is of 
 small immediate moment, and is more curious and interesting 
 to the scholar and the antiquary, than to the horseman or horse- 
 breeder. 
 
 " From the diiferent kinds of vehicles, noticed by the Latin 
 writers — the carruca, the covinus, the essediim, or war-chariot — 
 it would appear that the ancient Britons had horses trained to 
 different purposes, as well domestic as warlike." 
 
 Of the number of horses possessed at this period by the 
 natives of Britain, I have already spoken ; and it is well 
 observed by Youatt, in his larger work on the horse, that from 
 the cumbrous structure of the car and the fury with which it 
 was driven, and from the badness or non-existence of roads, 
 they must have been both active and powerful in an extraordi- 
 nary degree. " Csesar," he adds, though without stating his 
 authority, " thought them so valuable, that he carried many of 
 them to Rome ; and the British horses were, for a considerable 
 
ATHELSTAlir's IMPORTATIONS. Y7 
 
 period afterwards', in great request in various parts of tlie 
 Koman empire." 
 
 I regret that, owing to the omission of giving authority, I 
 have been unable to verify the latter statement ; I have failed 
 to discover any allusion to the facts stated, in the writings of 
 Csesar himself; nor can I recall to mind any mention of British 
 horses, in any of the classical authorities, whether in prose or 
 poetry ; nevertheless, I presume, from the general care and 
 truthfulness of this able writer, that there is no doubt as to the 
 accuracy of his assertion. 
 
 " During the occupation of England by the Romans, the 
 British horse was crossed to a considerable extent by the Ro- 
 man horse" — continues the author in the volume first quoted ; 
 for which I would myself, for reasons above stated^ prefer to sub- 
 stitute hy the foreign horses of the Roman mercenary or allied 
 cavalry — " and yet, strange to say, no opinion is given ])y any 
 historian, Roman or British, as to the eftect of this. After the 
 evacuation of England by the Romans and its conquest by the 
 Saxons, considerable attention was paid to the Eiiglisli breed of 
 horses, and we know that after the reign of Alfred, running 
 horses were imported from Germany ;"'^ this being the first his- 
 torical intimation we have of running horses in England. It is 
 scarcely to be doubted that this importation produced a marked 
 effect on the character of the native breed, but here, as before, 
 no historian has thought it worth his while to record the fact of 
 either improvement or deterioration. 
 
 "English horses, after this, appear to have been highly 
 prized on the continent, so that the German horses which were 
 presented by Hugh Capet to Athelstan had been turned to good 
 account. The English themselves were, however, anxious to 
 
 * After this date, we have frequent mention of running horses in history, 
 although the meaning of the term is not distinctly comprehensible. It certainly 
 did not mean that which we now signify by the term, horses kept exclusively for the 
 purpose of racing, as nothing of the sort is traceable in England, previous to the 
 reign of Charles 1st. Probably it meant a horse of light and speedy action for the 
 road or the chase, as opposed to the heavy destriers or war-horses, capable of carry- 
 ing a man-at-arms in complete panoply, whose weight, added to that of the horse's 
 own armor, could not have fallen far short of twenty-five horseman's stone, or 350 
 pounds, as we reckon in America. 
 
78 THE H0E8E. 
 
 preserve the monopoly of the breed, for in* 930 A. D., a law 
 prohibited the exportation of horses. 
 
 " In Athelstan's reign many Spanish horses were imported, 
 whicb shows the desire of the English, even at that early period, 
 to imjDrove the breed. It is no wonder that their descendants 
 slionld have produced the finest horses in the world. 
 
 " Shortly before the Norman conquest a horse was valued at 
 thirty shillings, a mare or colt at twenty shillings, an ox at thirty 
 pence, a cow at twenty-four pence — these prices in case of their 
 being destroyed or negligently lost — and a man at a pound." 
 Money, it should be noted, then being equivalent to at least fif- 
 teen times its j^resent value. 
 
 " William tlie Conqueror took great pains to improve the 
 English, breed, introducing many fine animals from ^Normandy, 
 Flanders and Spain. This monarch owed his success at Hast- 
 ings chiefly to his cavalry ; his own horse was a Spanish one. 
 In this reign we have the first notice of horses being employed 
 in agriculture. They had been used for the saddle for many 
 centuries, Bede informing us that the English began to use 
 horses as early as * 631 A. D., and that peoj^le of rank distin 
 guished themselves by appearing frequently on horseback. 
 
 " During the Conqueror's reign, the then Earl of Shrewsbury, 
 Roger de Belesme, brought a number of Spanish horses to his 
 estate of Powisland. The breed issuing from these is highly 
 eulogzied by Giraldus Cambrensis and Dayton. 
 
 " In the reign of Henry I. we have an account of the first 
 Arab horse imported into the country. It was presented by 
 Alexander L, king of Scotland, to the church of St. Andrew's, 
 wilh many valuable accoutrements, and a considerable estate. 
 History, however, is silent as to the purposes to which this ani- 
 mal was devoted, or as to what ultimately became of liim." 
 
 It has been well pointed out, in this connection, that the an- 
 cient historians, being exclusively monks and churchmen, natu- 
 rally paid little attention to the breeding of horses, which were 
 held to belong to war rather than agriculture, and were forbid- 
 den to their order ; and farther it may be observed that, until, 
 
 * It is not easy to comprehend what this is intended to convey ; since it is quite 
 clear that they used cavalry long before the Christian era, and saddle-horses during 
 the whole of the Roman occupation. 
 
SMmrpTELD KACE3. 79 
 
 comparatively speaking, very recent times, no heed has been 
 given to the statistics of agricultural or animal improvement, 
 and little mention made of such matters, beyond a casual and 
 passing notice, even by the best historians. 
 
 " The English," proceeds the work from which I quote, " had 
 now " — that is to say in the reign of Henry I. — " become sen- 
 sible of the value and breed of their horses ; and in the twelfth 
 century a regular race-course had been established in London, 
 this being no other than Smithfield, which was at once horse- 
 market and race-course. Fitz Stephen, who lived at that period, 
 gives the following account of the contests between the palfreys 
 of the day. 
 
 " ' When a race is to be run by horses, which in their kind 
 are strong and fleet, a shout is raised, and common horses are 
 ordered to withdraw from out the way. Two jockeys then, or 
 sometimes three, as the match may be made, prepare them- 
 selves for the contest, such as are used to ride, and know how 
 to manage their horses with judgment, the grand point being 
 to prevent a competitor from getting before them. The horses 
 on their part are not without emulation. They tremble, and 
 are impatient and continually in motion. At last the signal 
 once given, they hurry along with unremitting velocity; the 
 jockeys inspired with the thoughts of applause and the hopes 
 of victory, clapping spurs to their willing steeds, brandishing 
 their whips, and cheering them with their cries.' 
 
 " This is a quaint and amusing picture of the dawning spirit 
 of horse-racing. Crossing was evidently an acknowledged ac- 
 complishment, and personal flagellations between competing 
 jockeys not unfrequently resulted from excess of emulation. 
 Fertile indeed must have been their imaginations, if they 
 dreamed that their racing frolics would, in process of time, 
 grow into an important national speculation ; much less could 
 they have anticipated that their unsophisticated pastimes were 
 the embryo of that fame, which has been acquired by England 
 through the medium of the race-horse. 
 
 " This description, with the exception of the cries," — cross- 
 ing and flagellation also I presume excluded — "might have 
 formed part of the record of a modern race at Epsom, in the 
 columns of a morning paper ; so national ie the English sport 
 
80 THE HORSE. 
 
 of horse-racing, and so unchanged are its characteristics, in all 
 but the existing gambling system, which lias been incorpo- 
 rated with the efforts of the noble animal to reach the goal 
 first.* 
 
 "The crusades now followed," continues my author, and, in 
 what follows, I consider, and expect to show, that he is clearly 
 
 * In Strutt's Sports and Pastimes of the People of England, I find the following 
 curious note : — 
 
 " In the Middle Ages there were certain seasons of the year, when the nobility 
 indulged themselves in running their horses, and especially in the Easter and Whit- 
 suntide Holydays." 
 
 *' In the old metrical romance of Sir Bevis of Southampton, it is said — 
 
 " In summer at Wliitsuntide, 
 When Kniglits must on horse ride, 
 A course let them make on a day, 
 Steedes and Palfraye for to assaye, 
 Which horse that best may ren. 
 Three miles the course was then, 
 Who that might ryde him shouldo 
 Have forty pounds of ready golde." 
 
 Of this romance of " Sir Bevis of Southampton," it is impossible to verify the 
 date, but its antiquity is undoubted. " It is a translation from the Anglo-Norman. 
 Three MS. copies of this romance in English verse " — says Ellis, in his excellent 
 work on Early Metrical Romances — "are still extant in our public libraries ; viz., in 
 the Auchinleck 1*3. of the Advocates Library, Edinburgh ; in the Public Library, 
 Cambridge ; and in that of Caius College." 
 
 Sir Bevis is pretended to have been a Saxon Earl, who lived at, or about, the 
 time of the conquest — this, of course, being a fiction — as the whole romance is pure 
 imagination, without any, the slightest, historical foundation. There are, however, 
 strong reasons for assigning its composition to a very remote era, Mr. Ellis consider- 
 ing it, for bibliological reasons, as anterior to the Romance of Richard Coeur de 
 Lion, which he, elsewhere, from internal evidence, shows to have been nearly con- 
 temporaneous with the death of that prince. 
 
 The poet is, it scarcely need be said, no authority for any practice, fashion, or 
 custom, which he attributes to Sir Bevis, having really existed in the time to which 
 he asci'ibes his hero ; but is excellent evidence to the fact that it existed in his 
 own days. ' 
 
 Thus, when we find in the relation of the Trojan wars, in the Homeric poems, no 
 mention of cavalry or of the trumpet, we may well rest assured that they were not 
 known to the poet. When, in Virgil's account of the same war, we read of mounted 
 horsemen, of saddles, spurs, and clarions, we are convinced, not that these things 
 were used by the belligerents before Ihon, but that they were so familiar to the 
 writer, that he knew nothing contrary to their use, from time immemorial. 
 
 Here, therefore, we have an authentic record of something nearly resembling a 
 real race, with a limited course and a valuable prize, in the latter part, at farthest, 
 of the twelfth century — the Smithfield runnings described above seeming to savor 
 more of horse-dealers' displays, in order to sell, than of real races. 
 
THE CRUSADERS. 81 
 
 in error — " jet, though the opportunities of improving the Eug- 
 hsh hreed of horses were great, from the facilities with which 
 the finest oriental horses might have been obtained, no advan- 
 tage seems to have been taken of them. A gloomy and super- 
 stitious fanaticism solely occupied the minds of the warriors, 
 and to this all useful purposes were sacrificed ; the English 
 horses were none the better for their experience, though they 
 must frequently have felt the su]3eriority of the oriental breed 
 in actual warfare." 
 
 It would not be easy to find, in one so short passage, so 
 many palpable mistakes. In the first place, it is not true that 
 the crusades led, in no respect, to the amelioration of the Eng- 
 lish breed of horses, much less that no fine oriental horses were 
 imported — though, probably, it is quite true, that they were 
 not imported for the purpose of improving the hreed / the sys- 
 tem of interbreeding animals being a matter, then, entirely 
 uncomprehended ; as indeed it has continued to be until a very 
 recent date. Secondly, it is not true, that " a gloomy and su- 
 perstitious fanaticism solely occupied the minds of the war- 
 riors " — such warriors, be it remembered, as Eichard Cceur de 
 Lion, Philip Augustus, and, at a later date, Edward I. of Eng- 
 land — when it is patent, and distinctly so stated by William of 
 Malmesbury, that the sciences of astronomy, arithmetic, music 
 and geometry, and the rudiments of clock-making, were im- 
 ported from the Saracens, either of Spain or of the Holy Land, 
 by the crusaders. Lastly, it is most untrue, that the crusaders 
 ever felt " the superiority of the oriental breed in actual war- 
 fare ; " for not only is it clear that the Arab horse of that, or 
 any other day, is utterly incompetent to support the weight of 
 the steel-sheathed men-at-arms, who, during all the feudal ages 
 constituted the real force of European armies, but it is on actual 
 record that the light cavalry of Asia and Arabia never once 
 stood the shock of the barbed chivalry of the West, while on 
 one occasion, before the walls of Jafta, the English Eichard, 
 with seventeen knights, " as we learn from the evidence of his 
 enemies," says Gibbon, "grasping his lance, rode furiously 
 along the front" — of sixty thousand Turkish horse — "from the 
 right to the left wing, without meeting an adversary who dared 
 to encounter his career." 
 Vol. L— 6 
 
82 THE HORSE. 
 
 It is stated by Mr. Youatt, although, singuhirly enough, ho 
 maintains that the crusaders did not introduce eastern horses, 
 that Richard I. did import two from Cyprus, Mdiich he ob- 
 serves '■'■ jprolmlly ^'' he might have said certainly^ " were of 
 eastern origin." The statement is made on the faith of an old 
 metrical Romance, which is that entitled by the name of the 
 monarch whose feats it celebrated, usually supposed to be of 
 the time of Edward L, and contained in Ellis's Metrical Ro- 
 mances. The lines are curious, as they indicate a full accjuaint- 
 ance with various animals, natives of the East, and more par- 
 ticularly with the especial qualities of the oriental horse, his 
 speed and surefootedness. 
 
 These horses were named Favell and Lyard — 
 
 " In the world was not their peer, 
 Dromedary, not destrere. 
 Steed 'rabyte, ne camayl, 
 That ran so swift sans fail, 
 For a thousand pounds of gold, 
 Should not that one be sold." 
 
 Destrere, it must be observed, is the old spelling of the word 
 Destrier^ in ISTorman French, derived from the barbarous. Mid- 
 dle Age Latin, Dextrarius signifying a war-horse. Edward I. 
 also is known to have introduced horses from the East ; and 
 that accurate and inquiring antiquary, Sir "Walter Scott, de- 
 scribes his spirit, or the demon of the haunted camp under his 
 form, in the noctural tourney with Alexander of Scotland, as 
 being recognized by the horse he bestrode. 
 
 "Alike his Syrian courser's frame, 
 The rider's length of limb the same." 
 
 It is notorious, moreover, and was one of the charges against 
 the Templars, at the period of their downfall, that, being vowed 
 to frugality and poverty, as was indicated by tlieir original em- 
 blem of two Knights mounted on one charger, they had ex- 
 pended vast sums in luxurious appliances, of no real utility, as 
 Eastern horses, dogs and birds, for the chase and falconry, and 
 other vain and worldly pleasures. 
 
 From this I gather, not by any means that the crusaders 
 neglected or failed to perceive the peculiar excellencies of the 
 
THE PLANTAGENETS. 83 
 
 oriental horses, much less avoided to import them ; hut tliat, 
 when they did introduce them, it was not, as yet, with a view 
 to the improvement of the English animal by crossing, but as 
 a creature to be used for pomp or for pleasure, for the proces- 
 sion, the park, or the hunting field. 
 
 Imported it undoubtedly was ; and, as it was in those days 
 considered a reproach for a gentleman to ride a mare, they were 
 doubtless stallions which would be introduced, and, as such, 
 would surely cross the blood of the native horse ; not, it is pro- 
 bable, with a view to producing chargers, but palfreys, and 
 what were then styled running-horses. 
 
 Spanish hoi-ses, we have seen, had come to be renowned, as 
 chargers, so early as the Norman conquest, but it is more than 
 questionable whether their superiority was as yet known to 
 arise from their being traceable, in nearly two thirds, to the 
 blood of the Desert. 
 
 At this time, it would seem to have been considered desir- 
 able to strengthen the English horse, and gain bone and bulk, 
 rather than blood — not, I imagine, as Mr. Youatt suggests in the 
 following sentence, for agricultural, but rather for military pur- 
 poses ; in order to endure the ponderous burden of the mail-clad 
 men-at-arms. 
 
 "King John," he says, "paid great attention to the im- 
 provement of horses for agricultural purposes, and to him we 
 are indebted for the origin of our draught-horses. He chiefly 
 imported Flemish horses "—one hundred chosen stallions on a 
 single occasion ; the Flanders horse being — as it was even in 
 the time of Marlborough and Prince Eugene— the most ap- 
 proved cavalry trooper—" and such was his anxiety to possess 
 the finest stock from these, that he would accept strong horses 
 as rent for crown-lands, and as fines for the renewal of leases 
 His personal stud was both numerous and excellent." 
 
 " One hundred years afterward, Edward II. purchased thirty 
 war-horses and twelve heavy draught-horses." 
 
 " Edward HI. devoted one thousand marks to the purchase 
 of fifty Spanish horses ; and of such importance did he conceive 
 this addition to the English, or rather mingled blood, then ex- 
 istmg, that formal application was made to the kings of France 
 and Spain to grant safe-conduct to the troop. When they had 
 
84 THE HORSE. 
 
 safely arrived at the royal stud, it was computed tliat they had 
 cost the monarch no less than thirteen pounds six shillings and 
 eight pence per horse, equal in value to one hundred and sixty 
 pounds of our money." 
 
 " This monarch had many running-horses. Tlie ])recisc 
 meaning of the term is not, however, clear. It might be light 
 and speedy horses in opposition to the war-horses, or those tliat 
 were literally used for the j^urposes of racing." 
 
 Of course nothing like regular systematic racing, with 
 courses, distances, w^eiglits and colors were as yet in existence ; 
 but that testing the speed of their favorite coursers was, even 
 before this time, an amusement of the English nobility, is made 
 evident by the following historical anecdote. This fact is in- 
 troduced, with much effect, by Mr. James, into one of his 
 admirable romances, not the least of the merits of which is their 
 close adherence to the letter as well as the spirit of the history 
 of the times. The horse, which was lent for the purpose to 
 which he was successfully applied, is described by the novelist 
 as being a tall, gaunt, raw-boned gray, not remarkable for show, 
 but of immense speed and endurance — but whether this minute 
 description be taken from some ancient chronicle, or be merelj 
 an ornamental amplification to aid verisimilitude, I know not. 
 
 Edward L, while prince of Wales, was taken prisoner with 
 his father Henry HI., at the battle of Lewes, by Simon de Mont- 
 fort, Earl of Leicester, at the head of the confederated barons. 
 Being confined in a sort of free custody under the guardianship 
 of certain knights and noblemen, who were enjoined at all 
 times to have him in view, though treating him with all 
 consideration due to his rank, he was permitted to take horse 
 exercise in company with his gentle jailers. On one occasion, 
 being furnished with a charger of surpassing speed by a secret 
 partisan, and instructed how to profit by its powers, he set his 
 guards to matching their horses one against the other, offering 
 small prizes of honor to the winners ; until perceiving that the 
 horses were all more or less worried, he proposed to enter him- 
 self for a match with the last victor, when he easily rode away 
 from the whole party, and won his liberty by the speed of his 
 courser, and his own jockey ship. 
 
 In the reign of Eichard IL, horse-jockeyship and the tricks 
 
EAELT VALUE OF THE ENGLISH HORSE. 85 
 
 of dealers had increased to sucli an extent, that a special pro- 
 clamation was issued, regulating the price of animals of various 
 kinds, and fixing a maximum value. Like all other sumptuary- 
 laws and prohibitory statutes afifecting to regulate trade, this 
 proclamation proved wholly useless and fell dead. It is curious, 
 however, as proving the great increase in the value of horses, 
 since the preceding reign, and " showing what were, four hun- 
 dred and fifty years ago, and what are still, the chief breeding 
 districts. It was ordered to be published in the counties of Lin- 
 coln and Cambridge, and in the north and east ridings of Yoj-k. 
 The price was restricted to that determined by former sover- 
 eigns." Exportation of horses was strictly forbidden, especially 
 to Scotland, as a kingdom with which England was constantly 
 at war ; and it is remarkable, that, even in the time of Eliza- 
 beth, it was felony to export a horse to Scotland. 
 
 These prohibitions, how contrary soever to recent and inore 
 enlightened views as to the injurious efifects of such restrictions 
 on the freedom of trade, distinctly prove two things. First, that 
 the people and monarchs of England had now become fully 
 awake to the value of race and breed in horses ; and, second, 
 that the superior quality of English horses was thus early ac- 
 knowledged abroad, and that the demand for them was sup- 
 posed to be greater than the superfluity. 
 
 " We can now," I quote again from Mr. Youatt, " collect 
 but little of the history of the horse until the reign of Henry VII. 
 at the close of the fifteenth century. He continued to prohibit 
 the exportation of stallions, but allowed mares to be exported, 
 when more than two years old, and under the value of six shil- 
 lings and eight pence. This regulation was, however, easily 
 evaded, for if a mare could be found worth more than six and 
 eight pence, she might be freely exported on payment of that 
 sum." 
 
 This last sentence, I confess, with all deference to Mr. 
 Youatt, is to me incomprehensible ; or rather it seems to be 
 utter nonsense. 
 
 It is evident, from the spirit of the statute, which is intended 
 to prohibit the exportation of valuable animals, and permit — • 
 perhaps promote — that of worthless jades, that six shillings and 
 
86 THE HOESE. 
 
 eight pence was, then, the tninimum price of a two-year-old 
 mare. 
 
 The difficulty was, probably, not to find a mare of that age, 
 over, but one binder, that value. It was, as in jyrice races, where 
 the winner can be claimed for purchase at a low price, a prohi- 
 bition on the valuable beast. 
 
 Xow, it is not easy to conceive where the ease of evading 
 such a statute should lie. Since if six shillings and eight pence 
 were the value, to the native breeder or dealer, of a very infe- 
 rior animal, he Avould not — one should say — be very like to find 
 one of greater value, and sell it to the foreign dealer, for less 
 than it was actually worth to himself. 
 
 If Mr. Youatt merely means to say — what he does not say — 
 that it would be easy to make a nominal sale at six and eight 
 pence, while a much larger price should be secretly understood 
 and paid, he merely predicates what is the case of every statute 
 having reference to money values, bargains, bets, or borrow- 
 ings ; and consequently the remark is of no value, or meaning. 
 
 In the reign of Henry YIII., many highly arbitrary statutes 
 were passed, and doubtless enforced — for few of his enactments 
 were not enforced, rigorously and unto terror — for the improve- 
 ment of the horse. 
 
 It was decreed — and I cannot doubt, although Mr. Youatt 
 seems to do so, with great advantage to the breed, however it 
 might be to the owners — that no stallion should be suifered to 
 run at large, on any waste or common, where the animals pas- 
 tured, and were of course liable to breed promiscuously, under 
 the height of fifteen hands, on 23ain of forfeiture ; and that all 
 foals, fillies or mares likely to breed undersized or ill-shaped 
 produce, should be killed and buried. 
 
 He also compelled, by act, all the nobility, gentry, and 
 higher orders of the clergy, to keep a number of liorses propor- 
 tionate to their rank ; and obliged, even, every country parson, 
 " whose wife should be entitled to wear a French hood, or vel- 
 vet bonnet," * to keep an entire trotting horse under penalty 
 of twenty pounds. 
 
 * This was a sumptuary regulation. The wife of no person, below a certain 
 rank in society, possessed of a certain annual income, being permitted to wear such 
 a hood. 
 
TIMES OF HENRY Vm. 87 
 
 I readily admit the liarslmess and arbitrary nature of sncli 
 regulations, but I cannot imagine how " they should have the 
 effect, which common sense would have anticipated — that the 
 breed of horses was not materially improved, and the numbers 
 sadly diminished." 
 
 The prohibiting, and in a great measure rendering impossi- 
 ble, the production of offspring by undersized and ill-formed 
 l^arents, is only compelling the whole unreflecting populace to 
 do what every reflecting and intelligent breeder does voluntarily, 
 because he knows it is for his own advantage to do it. 
 
 'No horseman can, I presume, doubt that, if such a thing 
 were possible as absolutely to prohibit and prevent the use of 
 stallions or mares, for breeding purposes, evidently broken- 
 winded, with faulty forelegs, bad feet, spavined, or otherwise 
 notoriously unsound, malformed, or jihysically defective, the 
 race of animals would be immediately and materially im- 
 proved. 
 
 If the qualities, whether defects or merits, of the horse, and 
 of animals generally, whether physical or mental, be hereditary 
 and transmissible with the blood, the improvement, which 
 would result from such prohibition, is a necessary consequence. 
 
 If the qualities be not hereditary and transmissible, then the 
 whole theory and system of breeding is a fallacy, and the blood- 
 horse himself not a reality but a myth. 
 
 That such prohibitory enactments as that first named, com- 
 pelling the destruction of undersized horses and mares on the 
 public Avastes and commons, would naturally tend, if uncon- 
 nected with any other statute on the subject, to diminish the 
 number, while improving the standard, of all horses bred, is 
 certain. 
 
 But we find here in Henry YIII.'s reign — wonderful reign, 
 trul}', of a wonderful man — another enactment, far more arbi- 
 trary than the preceding — rendering compulsor}^ the maintenance 
 of so great a number of full-sized mares and stallions, in every 
 deer park, and in every rural parish of the realm, as must have 
 tended to bring about an increase of animals, bred of powerful 
 and well-formed parents, equal, at least — in all probability, one 
 would say, vastly superior — to that of the worthless jades, de- 
 stroyed under the first clause of the act. 
 
88 THE HOERE. 
 
 It is curious that we have nearly a contemporary account 
 of horse-races, ridden by Henry himself, with Charles Bi^andon, 
 Duke of Suffolk, in the presence of Queen Katharine, and that, 
 in his I'eign, the first annual races, on a regular race-course, 
 were established in England : so closely — it might be said, indi- 
 visibly — is horse-racing, in its j^roper form, connected with the 
 improvement of the horse. 
 
 " Katharine and the royal bride," says Miss Strickland, in 
 her life of Katharine of Arragon, — the royal bride being Mary, 
 Henry's favorite sister, widow of Louis XH. of France, and 
 bride of Charles Brandon, — " rode a Maying with the king from 
 the palace of Greenwich to Shooter's Hill. Here the archers 
 of the king met them dressed like Robin Hood and his outlaws, 
 and begged that the royal party would enter the good green- 
 wood, and see how outlaws lived. 
 
 " On this Henry turned to the queen, and asked her, ' if she 
 and her damsels would venture in a thicket with so many out- 
 laws ? ' 
 
 " Katharine replied. ' that where he went she was content 
 to go.' 
 
 " The king then handed her to a sylvan bower, formed of 
 hawthorn boughs, spring flowers and moss, with apartments 
 adjoining, where was laid out a breakfast of venison. The 
 queen partook of the feast, and was greatly delighted with this 
 lodge in the wilderness : " here follows a long description of the 
 pageants which they encountered on their return to Greenwich 
 palace, concluding with this passage : — 
 
 " The amusements of the day concluded with the king and 
 his brother-in-law, the Duke of Suffolk, riding races on great 
 coursers, which were like the Flemish breed of dray-horses. 
 Strange races these must have been," adds the lady writer, 
 " but this is the first mention of horse-racing made in English 
 history." 
 
 It is not the first mention, as I have shown above, but it may, 
 perhaps, be considered the first instance of horse-racing being 
 used as an acknowledged sport, and part of a series of regular 
 and pre-devised entertainments — the rather that we find a race- 
 course proper, with annual meetings and fixed prizes, first 
 established in this reign. 
 
THE TERM " GEEAT HORSE." 89 
 
 Miss Strickland, however, errs widely, and not unnaturally, 
 as a lady is not expected to be skilled in the dialect of the 
 horse-market, in the interpretation she puts on the words of the 
 old chi'onicler, Hall, and on the character which she attaches 
 to the Flemish Breed. 
 
 The term great courser^ as used in the text, or as it is, per- 
 haps, more frequently written, great horse, means no more than 
 war-horse, as opposed to palfrey or running-horse, and has no 
 especial reference to the size, bulk, or breed of the animal, 
 though doubtless the war-horse was a larger and heavier animal 
 than that used for mere amusement. 
 
 Afterwards the term great horse, simply, is to be understood 
 as the horse broken to the manege ; it is a term, familiar to any 
 one acquainted with the old English writers, to say of a young 
 gentleman, who had finished his physical education, that he 
 could fence and ride the great horse, meaning that he could per- 
 fectly ride the manege. 
 
 It is true, that the inferior men-at-arms, at this period, were 
 mounted on Flemish horses, but the princes and nobles and 
 other knights of renown rode Spanish or English horses, with a 
 considerable strain of desert blood, possessing, through Flemish 
 and other strains, bone and bulk sufficient to carry warriors in 
 their panoply. 
 
 But it is not true that the Flemish horse of that day, or 
 later, when Marlborough at the head of the Dutch and English 
 cavalry, mounted on Flemish chai'gers, rode over the superb 
 French gendarmerie of Maison Boi at Malplaquet, bore any 
 resemblance whatever to the dray-horse of to-day, though he be 
 also Flanders descent, any more than did the " Flanders mares " 
 which were the highest aspiration of the extravagant court 
 beauty in the days of Pope. 
 
 To any person, who knows any thing of cavalry tactics, it 
 is evident that the utmost speed, compatible with the ability to 
 carry weight, is the desideratum in a charger. And every one 
 who has ever seen an English dray-horse knows that he cannot 
 trot, much less gallop ; while I myself remember that within the 
 present half century the old unimproved English carriage horse, 
 high-stepping and awkwardly moving, was doing great work if 
 he trotted six miles an hour, and could by no means be brought 
 
90 THE nOKSE, 
 
 to gallop, even under the saddle, when he was Bometiuies 
 backed hy an unfortunate groom or out-rider. 
 
 It is certainly true that heavier, slower, and coarser chargers 
 were used when men fought in complete steel, than now M-lieu 
 they charge in liuzzar dolmans and pelisses ; but the weight 
 has been vastly exaggerated, and the breed deteriorated. Nor 
 do I believe, that, were it possible to be proved, there was so 
 much diiference between the chargers of the English men-at- 
 arms Avho decided the fight at Cressy, and those which fought 
 at Malplaquet and Dettingen, as there is between the latter and 
 the British troop-horses lately serving in the East. 
 
 To proceed, however, in order, it was during ELenry'a 
 occupancy of the throne, though the exact year is not known, 
 that an annual race was run at Chester. 
 
 " The prize was a w^ooden ball embellished with flowers, 
 fixed upon the jDoint of a lance. This diversion was repeated 
 in the presence of the mayor of the city, and was celebrated 
 on the Koodee, the identical spot where the races are held at 
 this day. These trophies were provided by the company of 
 saddlers. In the year 1540, a silver bell was substituted for 
 the former prize, under the title of St. George's Bell." Hence 
 comes the common phrase to " bear the bell," as equivalent to 
 be the victor. 
 
 In the reign of Elizabeth, for some reason not clearly expli- 
 cable, the number and breed of horses in England would both 
 have appeared to degenerate ; for it is stated, that when she 
 mustered the whole militia of her realm to resist the invasion 
 of Don Philip, she could collect but three thousand horse. 
 
 Taking the statement to be true, however, which I cannot 
 readily do, — seeing that at the period of the usurpation of Jane 
 Grey and Dudley, only a few years earlier, the protector North- 
 umberland was at the head of two thousand horse, and Queen 
 Mary of a yet larger body, while the Princess Elizabeth, at a 
 few days' notice, levied a thousand to defend her own and her 
 sister's rights — I attribute it to other causes than the disuse of 
 horses or decay of horsemanship in England. 
 
 It miglit,"^' if it be a fact, arise from the prohibition, enforced 
 
 * It is evident, howeyer, that, for all this allegation of deterioration of the ani- 
 mal, in the reign of Elizabeth, blood bad already its full and due appreciation, and 
 
THE MAEKIIAJM ARABIAN. 91 
 
 during tlie Tudor reigns, to the supporting bodies of armed 
 retainers by the great nobles ; and niight rather point to the 
 consequences of the decline of feudal militia, and the absence 
 as yet of a regular cavalry force, than to the decay to so enor- 
 mous an extent in so short a time of the equestrian resources 
 of England, the people of which in their habits continued, 
 both high and low, and still to this day continue, to be singu- 
 larly equestrian, using the saddle infinitely more, and light 
 vehicles immeasurably less, than the corresponding classes of 
 the United States. 
 
 With the accession of James I. to the throne of England, a 
 monarch, of whom it is well that one, by any scrutiny, may 
 discover and declare one creditable feature, a great improve- 
 ment was systematically wrought in the English breed, and 
 from this period breeding was constantly and progressively 
 attended to. James purchased Markham's Arabian horse at 
 the then extraordinary price of £500, but lie was found to be 
 deficient in speed ; and the Duke of I^Tewcastle, who then 
 managed the king's racing and hunting studs, having, it is said, 
 on this account taken a dislike to the horse, his breed does not 
 seem to have been tested, and for a time Arabians fell into dis- 
 repute. 
 
 Eace meetings were now regularly held at Newmarket, 
 
 that horses were valued in accordance to their pedigree, as apart from, or perhaps 
 above, their performances ; and that to a degree which seemed absurd and idle to 
 persons ignorant of the extent to which hereditary qualities are transmitted in the 
 blood of horses, and which Bishop Hall considered so worthy of ridicule, as to hold 
 it up to derision as a fallacy, in one of his satires : — 
 
 " Dost thou prize 
 Thy brute beast's worth by their dam's qualities ? 
 Say'st thou this colt shall prove a swift -paced steed? 
 Only because a Jennet did him breed? 
 Or say'st thou this same horse shall win the prize. 
 Because his dam was swiftest Truncheflce, 
 Or Runcevall his sire ; himself a galloway, 
 "While like a tireling jade he lags half way ? " 
 
 The error of the worthy prelate, who is not expected to be a capital Turfman, 
 in under-estimating blood, surely proves that in his day it was not generally under- 
 estimated in England ; and it farther indicates the common and usual occurrence 
 of running for prizes. In conjunction with what has been before shown, I think it 
 goes far to prove that the alleged deterioration of the English horse, under Elizabeth, 
 is imaginary ; and that the improvement of the animal in England has been pro- 
 gressive from the first. 
 
93 THE IIOKSE. 
 
 Croydon, Theobald's on Epping chase, Stamford, various places 
 in Yorkshire, and, as of old, at Chester.* A regular system of 
 
 * In Strutt's Sports and Pastimes I find the following curious and suggestive no- 
 tices of the early courses : — 
 
 The Chester Races. — " In 1665, 5th of Charles Second," according to a Chester 
 antiquary, probably the elder Randal Holme of Chester, one of the heralds of the 
 city, " the sheriffs would have no calves' head feast, but put the charge of it into a 
 piece of plate to be run for on that day, Shrove Tuesday ; and the high sheriff bor- 
 rowed a Barbary horse of Sir Thomas Middleton, which won him the plate ; and 
 being master of the race, he would not suffer the horses of Master Massy, of Pud- 
 dington, and of Sir Philip Egerton of Sutton, to run, because they came the day 
 after the time prefixed for the horses to be brought and kept in the city, which 
 thing caused all the gentry to relinquish our races ever since." 
 
 The Stamford Races. — " Races," continues Mr. Strutt, " something similar to 
 those above, are described by Butcher, in his survey of the town of Stamford, first 
 printed A. D. 1646, as practised in the vicinity of the town of Stamford in Lincoln- 
 shire ; ' a concourse,' says he, ' of noblemen and gentlemen meet together, in mirth, 
 peace and amity, for the exercise of their swift running horses, every Thursday in 
 March. The prize they run for is a silver and gilt cup, with a cover, to the value 
 of seven or eight pounds, provided by the care of the aldermen for the time being ; 
 but the money is raised out of the interest of a stock formerly made up by the no- 
 bility and gentry, which are neighbors and well-wishers to the town." 
 
 These two passages indicate, the latter even prior to the commonwealth, the 
 existence of something very nearly allied to our present system of horse-racing, 
 although necessarily without its nice and minute details, the result of long expe- 
 rience, and a complete acquaintance with all the desiderata of the sport. 
 
 Here, however, we have stated meetings, a stated course, prizes given, partly, 
 it is clear, to encourage the breed of horses, partly to attract company to the 
 town, whose corporation, like that of Doncaster, to-day, profited by the influx of 
 visitors. 
 
 From this time the sport has continued, unchecked, except for a short period 
 during the foolish fanaticism of the Puritan usurpation — a fanaticism opposed by 
 Oliver Cromwell, who himself owned race-horses, though perhaps he never ran 
 them — until the present day, when it may be considered a national characteristic. 
 James II. and William of Orange both encouraged horse-racing as the best means 
 of improving the British horse. Anne, in whose reign the Darley Arabian and Cur- 
 wen's Barb were imported, both kept running horses herself and gave an annual 
 gold cup to be run for at York ; and the custom of giving king's plates to the value 
 of fifty or a hundred pounds, for the ostensible purpose of fostering the breed of 
 Enghsh horses, originated with her, and has been continued unto the present hour, 
 the actual sums of money being run for, in lieu of manufactured plate, at almost 
 every provincial course of any note in England. George IV. and William IV. were 
 both ardent supporters of the turf; and the latter sovereign, at one time, owned a 
 stud not easily to be surpassed in his realm, comprising the Colonel, Zinganee, and 
 Fleur de lis — three incomparable animals, which I once saw, in 1830, come in first, 
 second, and third, the rest of the field nowhere, running against one another for the 
 Goodwood cup, the sailor king refusing, in his naval mood of blunt fair play, to 
 declare, and insisting that the best animal of the three should win. 
 
EARLY STEEPLE-CHASING. 93 
 
 training the horses, and of running according to weight, age 
 and distance, was now introduced. Pedigrees were kept, the 
 best and stoutest horses and mares being kept for breed, and 
 their progeny being for the most part set aside for racing pur- 
 poses. 
 
 " The races of King James were in great part," sajs Mr. 
 Touatt, " matches against time, or trials of speed or bottom for 
 absurdly long and cruel distances." 
 
 " There was, at first," he says elsewhere, " no course marked 
 out for the race, but the contest generally consisted in running 
 train-scent^^ — what is now known as a drag — " across the coun- 
 try, and sometimes the most difficult and dangerous part of the 
 country was selected for the exhibition. Occasionally our pre- 
 sent steeple-chase was adopted with all its dangers and more 
 than its present barbarity ; as persons were appointed cruelly 
 to flog along the exhausted and jaded horses." 
 
 It is to be regretted that Mr. Youatt neither states the date 
 of these performances, nor indicates his authority. He mentions 
 them, however, previously, in f)oint of place, to his mention of 
 King James's matches against time, wherefore I presume that 
 they took place previously, in regard of occurrence. The fact 
 is stated as if in relation to the races at Chester and Stamford, 
 in the reign of Elizabeth. 
 
 Yet this seetns hardly to consist with the mention of the 
 Roodee, which is and was a regular course. 
 
 Her present Majesty has never, nor has the prince consort, entered a race-horse 
 for any prize, but they are constant attendants at the racing meetings, and a small 
 but splendid royal stud of mares is now kept at Hampton Court, with success and 
 profit. 
 
 Never, probably, has the turf been so popular in England, as it is now, since its 
 purification by the late Lord George Bentinck ; never was it so efficiently supported, 
 nor ever, I believe, despite all the silly outcries about deterioration of blood, decline 
 of size and physique, and decrease of soundness, stamina, and stanchness, has the 
 English or the American race-horse been equal, far less superior, to what it now is, 
 either in perfection of blood, stoutness of constitution, symmetry, beauty, size, 
 speed, or bottom. 
 
 But I will not anticipate ; this portion of the subject will be considered in a dif- 
 ferent place ; and now, after a few general remarks on the now existing thorough 
 blood of the Enghsh horse, I shall pass to that of America, which is identical with 
 it, unless in so far as it may have been acted on by the influences of climate, or the 
 mode of handling and treatment. 
 
9i THE HORSE. 
 
 From tlie reign of Jamos I., however, the history of English 
 racing and of the Englisli race-liorse may be lield to conimeuce, 
 although no existing pedigrees trace so far hack. 
 
 I find a curious notice in Brandt's popular antiquities, which 
 ajDpears to relate to this period, if one may judge by the con- 
 text ; the date of Misson's travels I have not yet been able to 
 ascertain, but the collocation of the sentences seems to indicate 
 that it was prior to 1641. 
 
 " Misson, in his travels in England, translated by Ozell, 
 p. 231, says : ' The English nobility take great delight in horse- 
 races. The most famous are usually at Newmarket, and there 
 you are sure to see a great many persons of the first quality, 
 and almost all the gentlemen of the neighborhood. It is pretty 
 common for them to lay wagers of two thousand pounds sterling 
 upon one race. I have seen a horse after having run twenty 
 miles in fifty-five minutes, upon ground less even than that 
 where the races are run at Newmarket, and won the wager for 
 his master, would have been able to run anew without taking 
 breath, if he, that had lost, had ventured to run again. There 
 are also races run by men.' 
 
 "In Ilinde's Life of Master John Bruen, a Puritan of great 
 celebrity, 1611, p. 101, the author recommends ' unto many of 
 our gentlemen, and to many of inferior rank, that they would 
 give over their foot-races, and horse-races, &c.' 
 
 "A proclamation was issued by the Protector Cromwell, 8th 
 April, 1658, 'prohibiting horse-races in England and Wales 
 for eight months.' " 
 
 I have extracted the three quotations, though it is the first 
 only, which I especially regard in this place — supposing it to 
 have some relation to "the absurdly long and cruel distances" 
 of Mr. Youatt — in order to show how their relative bearing 
 would appear to countenance the idea of its date being that of 
 King James I. or early in the reign of Charles I. 
 
 It is, and is acknowledged and admitted to be, a fact, that 
 Barbs and Turkish horses had, long before the period of the 
 commonwealth, been imported into England — although with 
 the exception of the horse, mentioned before as introduced by 
 Alexander I. of Scotland — the Markham Arabian is probably 
 the first of this strain ever brought into the British Isles; yet 
 
TURKISH HOUSES IN ENGLAND. 95 
 
 I cannot, myself, perceive wherefore the rejection of this Arab 
 should be charged, as it generally appears now to be, as an 
 error, against the Marqnis of Newcastle, the same who gallant- 
 ly commanded for the king at Marston Moor, and would have 
 won for him his battle, and perhajjs his crown, but for the mad 
 and selfish impetuosity of Rupert. 
 
 This is, however, nothing to the point, however much it may 
 be so that he was considered the best horseman and tlie best 
 judge of horses of his day, and that he has left, as a legacy to 
 posterity and a bounty to all those who love that noble animal, 
 incomparably the best old English work on the horse. 
 
 It is now pretty generally admitted that, whether Barb, 
 Turk, Syrian, or Arab of the desert proper, all oriental blood 
 has had its share and influence in reinvigorating the blood of 
 the .English thoroughbred, and giving to it those peculiar qual- 
 ities which cause it, with justice, at this day, to be esteemed 
 the best, completest, and most perfect animal in the world. 
 
 In what degree these animals have ministered to our now 
 dominant strain, is by no means to be ascertained ; but it is to 
 be noted that most of the early imported foreign stallions were 
 not Eastern Arahs. 
 
 During the protectorate, Oliver Cromwell, who, though he 
 was compelled by the necessity of conciliating the absurd j)re- 
 judices of the Puritans, to forbid racing, was yet an ardent 
 lover of the horse, and an earnest promoter and jjatron of all 
 that belongs to horsemanship, purchased of Mr. Place, after- 
 wards his stud-master, the celebrated " White Turk " — still re- 
 corded as the most beautiful south-eastern horse ever brought 
 into England, and the oldest to w^hich our present strain refers. 
 To him succeeds Yilliers, duke of Buckingham, his Helmsley 
 Turk, and to him Fairfax's — the same great statesman and 
 brave soldier, who fought against ISTewcastle at Marston — Mo- 
 rocco Barb. 
 
 And to these three horses it is that the English race-horse of 
 the old time chiefly owes its purity of blood. If we except the 
 royal mares, specially imported by Charles II., to which it is — 
 mythically, rather than justly — held that all Enghsh blood 
 shoald trace. 
 
 Of all succeeding importations, those, which are principally 
 
96 THE H0E8E. 
 
 known and referred to, as having notoriously amended our 
 horse — by proof of stock begotten of superior qualities, and 
 victorious on the turf through long generations— but few are 
 true Arabs. 
 
 We have, it is true, the Darley Arabian, the Leeds Arabian, 
 Honey wood's White, the Oglethorpe, the Newcome Bay Moun- 
 tain, the Damascus, Cullen's Brown, the Chestnut, the Lonsdale 
 Bay, Combe's Gray and Bell's Gray Arabians ; but what is 
 generally called the Godolphin A^'obia^i, as it seems now to be 
 the prevailing opinion — his origin not being actually ascer- 
 tained — was a Barb, not an Arab from Arabia proper. Against 
 these, again, we iind Place's White Turk, D'Arcey's Turk, the 
 Yellow Turk, Lister's or the Straddling Turk, the Byerly Turk, 
 the Selaby Turk, the Acaster Turk ; Curwen's Bay Barb, Comp- 
 ton's Barb, the Thoulouse Barb, Layton's Barb Mare, great- 
 great-grandam of Miss Layton ; the Royal Mares, which were 
 Barbs from Tangier, and many other Barb horses, not from the 
 Eastern desert, heading the pedigrees of our best horses. 
 
 In this connection, I would observe that the very reasons for 
 wdiich the Marquis of ISTewcastle condemned the Markham Ara- 
 bian — viz., that when regularly trained he could do nothing 
 against race-horses — on account of which condemnation he has 
 received a sneer or a slur from every writer who has discussed 
 the subject, are those which, at this very moment, prevent 
 prudent breeders from having recourse to oriental blood of any 
 kind. 
 
 They cannot run or last against the English horse. They 
 have not the size, the bone, the muscle, or the shape, if we ex- 
 cept the beautiful head, the fine neck, thin withers, and admira- 
 bly long, deep and sloping shouklers, which are the inevitable 
 characteristics of the race. Therefore, all men who breed with 
 an eye to profit, — and howsoever it might have been in the 
 olden times of the Turf, there are few now who have not an 
 eye to it, either as hoping to win on the turf, or to produce sala- 
 ble stock — prefer to put their mares to known English winning 
 horses, proved gettei's of winners, of unquestioned bottom and 
 stoutness, rather than to try stallions of the desert blood, con- 
 cerning which nothing is known beyond the attested pedigree, 
 and the visible shapes 
 
BAEB VS. ARAB. 97 
 
 Al] this being considered, and especially the fact that there 
 is more Turk and Barb than real Arabian blood in the j^resent 
 race, when it is admitted also that Newcastle was a consummate 
 liorseman, I think it quite as well to hear what he has to say for 
 himself, and not to continue uttering, what Mr. Carlvle would 
 call inarticulate howls over what cannot, at all events, now be 
 helped, and perhaps was not any harm in the beginning. 
 
 " I never saw," says he, ed. of 1667, p. 73, " but one of these 
 horses, which Mr. John Markham, a merchant, brought over, 
 and said he was a right Arabian. He was a bay, but a little 
 horse, and no rarity for shape, for I have seen many English 
 horses far finer. Mr. Markham sold him to King James for five 
 hundred pounds, and being trained up for a course, when ho 
 came to run, every horse beat him." 
 
 Of this statement, Mr. Youatt, who decides ex cathedra that 
 the Marquis's opinion was " probably altogether erroneous " — 
 one does not see why so, unless because, on all other points, it 
 is almost invariably sound — makes quite a diflferent one, ascrib- 
 ing to the old writer a dictum, which he uses not, namely, that 
 " this Arabian was a little lony horse." The introduction of the 
 word 5ow,y, carries much with it; so much that in all likeli- 
 hood, if the horse had been bony, the Marquis might have 
 held a different opinion concerning the propriety of breeding 
 from him. 
 
 As it is, we can only hold that his view was a correct one ; 
 the horse when tried could not run, and when examined as to 
 form was found inferior. For these causes, he was ruled out as 
 a stock getter. So would any horse be niled out to-day, if he 
 were an Arab bearing visibly on his forehead the seal of King 
 Solomon himself, or if he were an English thoroughbred, de- 
 scended, through all the time-honored magnates of the Turf, 
 from that most unimpeachable of all attainable ends, an im- 
 ported Eastern sire, and a royal mare. 
 
 It is, I think, worthy of notice, that ISTewcastle, who was a 
 scholar, a travelled man, an observer and a gentleman, as well as 
 a soldier and a horseman, distinctly records his preference of the 
 Spanish horse to any other strain of blood existing in his time, 
 and in doing so directly refers to the Barb, for service, though 
 not in those terms, as a racing dedliorb. And it is observable. 
 Vol. I.— 7. 
 
98 THE HORSE. 
 
 that the very authors who attack liim, borrow his descriptions 
 of the various races, without acknowledgment. 
 
 " And the Marquis of Seralvo " — says he, in his preface — 
 " Master of horse to his Highness, and Governor of the castle 
 of Antwerp, told his Highness, that he had asked me, ' what 
 horses I liked best ? ' and that I had answered, ' there w^ere 
 good and bad of all nations ; but tliat the Barbs were the gen- 
 tlemen of the horse kind, and Spanish horses, the princes.' " 
 
 In commenting, afterward, on the various races, and their 
 fitness for the stud, he thus speaks of the Spanish horse, and 
 thus of the Barb. I quote these various passages, for two rea- 
 sons, which I shall explain hereafter. " If he be well chosen, 
 I assure you lie is the noblest horse in the world. First, there 
 is no horse so curiously shaped, all over from head to croup. 
 He is the most beautiful that can be. For he is not so thin and 
 ladylike as the Barb, nor so gross as the IN^eapolitan ; but be- 
 tween both. He is of great spirit, and of great courage, and 
 docile ; hath the proudest walk, the proudest trot, and best ac- 
 tion in his trot ; the loftiest gallop, the swiftest careers, and is 
 the lovingest and gentlest horse, and fittest for a king in a day 
 of triumpli to show himself to liis people, or in the head of an 
 army, of any liorse in the world. 
 
 " Therefore, there is no horse so fit to breed on, as a Span- 
 iard ; either for the manege, the war, ambling for the pad, 
 hunting, or for running. Conqueror was of a Spanish horse. 
 Shotten Herring was of a Spanish horse. Butler was of a 
 Spanish horse, and Peacock was of a Spanish mare ; and these 
 beat all the horses in their time, so much as no horse ever ran 
 near them. 
 
 " I say he is absolutely the best stallion in the world, for all 
 these things I have formerly named, if you do wisely appro- 
 priate such mares to him, as shall be fit for uses such as you 
 would have your breed, and so he is fit for all breeds, except to 
 breed cart horses. 
 
 " Tlie king of Spain hath many, but his best is at Cordova 
 in Andalusia, where he hath above three hundred mares and 
 colts, as my Lord Cottington told me ; and besides those of his 
 majesty, there are other most excellent races, not only of noble- 
 men, but also of private gentlemen." 
 
THE BAKB. 99 
 
 Next, in position, speaking of the Barb, he discourses in this 
 fashion. 
 
 " The Barb is next to the Spanish horse for wisdom, but not 
 near sp wise, and that makes him easier to be drest, besides he 
 is of a gentle nature, docile, nervous and light. 
 
 " He is as fine a horse as can be, but somewhat slender, and 
 a little ladylike ; and is so lazy and negligent in his walk as he 
 will stumble in a bowling green ; he trots like a cow, and gal- 
 lops low, and no action in any of those actions. But commonly 
 lie is sinewy and nerv^ous, and hath a clear strength, is excellently 
 winded and good at length, to endure great travel ; and very 
 apt to learn, and easy to be drest, being for the most part of a 
 good disposition, excellent apprehension, judgment, memory ; 
 and when he is searched and wakened, no horse in the world 
 goes better in the manege in all ayres whatsoever, and rarely 
 upon the ground in any. 
 
 " The mountain Barbs, they say, are the best ; I believe they 
 are the largest ; but for my part I rather desire a middling 
 horse, or a less horse, which are cheap enough in Barbary, as 
 I have been informed, both by many gentlemen, and many 
 merchants." 
 
 Of the Fris horse — that, I conceive, which we now term the 
 Flemish or Flanders horse, he says — 
 
 " He is hardy, and can live on any thing, and will endure 
 either heats or colds ; and on no horse whatsoever does a man 
 appear more a swordsman, than on this horse, being so quiet, 
 so bold, and so assured. 
 
 " He is also manly, and fit for any thing but running away ; 
 though he will run fast for a while, yet I doubt not long ; be- 
 cause his wind is not like a Barb ; yet a heavy man well armed 
 upon a Barb, and the same w^eight upon a Dutch horse, the 
 Dutch horse's strength is so much above the Barb's, as compared 
 thus, I believe the Dutch horse may run as fast and as long as 
 the Barb ; for the Barb's wind serveth to no purpose, when his 
 strength is not able to carry his weight." 
 
 On these passages I would observe, what will be yet more 
 decidedly apparent when I come to quote from the same writer 
 his remarks on the English horse, that it is quite too absurd to 
 endeavor to ignore or set aside his reasonings, as if he were 
 
100 THE HOESE. 
 
 ignorant, or careless in giving his judgment, because lie lived 
 above two centuries ago ; when we lind that, in every respect, 
 lie rests his judgment on precisely the same grounds on wliich 
 the wisest and best judges of the present day, with all the lights 
 of science and all the statistics of two hundred years to guide 
 them, would determine their choice of a stallion, to which they 
 should put their choice blood mares — temper, spirit, form and 
 'performance. 
 
 The last word I use in its largest and most comprehensive 
 term, performance in the stud, as well as performance in the 
 iield. For it is not every performer on the turf, that is a per- 
 former in the stud. 
 
 Many of the greatest winners have utterly failed to beget 
 winners. Catton, the stoutest and hardest horse of his day, in 
 England, always got soft ones. In America, Chateau-Margaux, 
 the most honest horse and best four-miler, on the British turf, 
 and, therefore, thought pecidiarly suited for American stock- 
 getting, has scarcely got a winner. Priam, the crack of his day, 
 winner of the Derby, and should have been winner of the Leger 
 also, but for the accident of mud hock deep which gave the race 
 to the worthless Birmingham, has not only not improved, but 
 actually deteriorated the racing blood of America, as regards 
 form and power wherever he has altered it.* 
 
 Yet both these horses were of unquestionable blood, and, 
 except that Priam was too leggy for my taste — though I have 
 heard him called, and that by judges too, the perfection of 
 horseflesh — were both eminently sound and finely formed 
 horses. 
 
 The old Marquis, however, prefers the Spanish horse, he 
 tells us, after his temper, shape, and blood, because he is him- 
 self a winner and a sure getter of winners. 
 
 This is the true test — the winner, who gets winners, is the 
 horse from which to breed. 
 
 And this brings me to another point. It will be admitted 
 now beyond a doubt, that any practical and prudent breeder of 
 the day would prove his prudence and practice by choosing an 
 undeniable English stallion — say, for example Glencoe, himself 
 a great winner, and perhaps the greatest modei-n getter of win- 
 
 * See Note * on page 107. 
 
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH TURF. 101 
 
 ners, before any unknown, technically speaking, darJi^ Arab or 
 Barb horse, however beautiful, that should now be imported. 
 
 The same was, then, the opinion of a great breeder and 
 greater rider in his day, founded as it seems on experience, for 
 any thing except race-horses, if not for race-horses — in speaking 
 of breeding especially for the turf, he afterward gives the pre- 
 ference to the Barb. 
 
 Now, it seems to me more than possible, more even than 
 probable, that there was in those days, in Spain, a breed of the 
 best Spanish horses, which might trace directly, or as nearly 
 directly as the best English horses now do, to oriental dam and 
 oriental sire ; and that, consequently, there may have been as 
 just a reason for preference of the then Spanish to the then 
 Eastern stallion, as there is for that of the present English 
 thoroughbred to the present untried courser of the Desert ; and 
 that, therefore, there may be in the present pure blood-horse of 
 Great Britain and America, yet another unsuspected cross of 
 pure Desert blood, from an unsuspected source. 
 
 In the reign of Avliich the Marquis of Newcastle writes, that 
 of Charles IL, the English Turf was for the first time fairly 
 established. That king sent his master of the horse to the Le- 
 vant especially to import both mares and stallions, and it is 
 through these females, known as the royal mares, that our pre- 
 sent race-horse draws his claim to pure blood, since it is evident 
 that, but for these, there must have been in all, as there is 
 undeniably in some, of the best English thoroughbreds, an 
 infinitesimal taint of common, or at least of improved blood. 
 For, though one were to cross the pure blood of the Desert ten 
 thousand times on the produce of a common-bred dam, one 
 fraction of a drop of the impure blood must remain there ad 
 iiijlnituin. 
 
 Perhaps it may appear paradoxical in me to say so, but I 
 must say, that I believe the undoubted superiority of the 
 thoroughbred English and American blood-horse to come from 
 the very existence of this mixture of various crosses Avitli the 
 oriental blood. 
 
 A remarkable calculation has been entered into by a very 
 clever and observant modern writer on the horse, " Cecil," to 
 whom I gladly record my obligation, to prove how extremely 
 
102 THE HORSE. 
 
 small a quantum of any given blood remains, after a given 
 number of crosses, in the veins of any animal ; yet Low vastly 
 that minimum quantity affects the quality of the descendant. 
 
 " The pedigrees of many horses of celebrity," he says, ■" may 
 be traced back to Childers, the Darley Arabian, and other 
 worthies of that date ; but where there is only one direct line 
 of descent, the following calculation will show how little of the 
 blood flows in the veins of the present generation. It may be 
 considered that these horses flourished about a century ago, and 
 taking ten years as a generation, a lineal descendant of a horse 
 of that period only possesses ^ oVt portion of the blood. 
 
 The 1st cross had i The 6th cross had ■^\ 
 
 2nd " 1 Tth " tIt 
 
 3rd " i 8th « ^i« 
 
 4th " tV 9th " xK 
 
 5th " ^V 10th 
 
 u 
 
 Farther crosses diminish it in a still more striking degree. 
 
 I now come to the Marquis of Newcastle's last piece of ad- 
 vice to breeders ; and after briefly showing, by the example of 
 a few illustrious horses to which, more or less directly, our best 
 American blood traces, how implicitly his advice has been fol- 
 lowed, I shall conclude my history of the English horse, with 
 the pedigree of the far-famed Eclipse ; and those of three or 
 four others, notable as the sources of the best American blood. 
 
 " If you would have mares to breed running horses of, then 
 they must be shaj)ed thus ; as light as possible, large and long, 
 but well shaped, a short back but long sides, and a little long- 
 legged ; their breast as narrow as may be, for so they will gallop 
 the lighter and nimbler, and run the faster, for the lighter and 
 thinner your breed for galloping the better. Your stallion by 
 any means must be a Barb, and somewhat of the shape that I 
 have described the mares to be of. For a Barb, that is a jade, 
 will get a better running horse than the best running horse in 
 England ; as Sir John Fenwick told me, who had more expe- 
 rience in running horses, then any man in all England. For 
 he had more rare running horses than all England beside, and 
 the most part of all the famous running horses in England that 
 ran, one against another, were of his race and breed. 
 
ORIENTAL HORSES. 103 
 
 " Some commend the Turks very mucli for a stallion to breed 
 running liorses, but they are so scarce and rare, that I can give 
 no judgment of them ; and therefore I advise you to the Barb, 
 which I believe is much the better horse to breed running 
 horses." 
 
 On this passage I have only to remark, that the observations 
 on the shape of the brood mares are to be taken as comparative, 
 not positive, and that the comparison is instituted not as of 
 thoroughbred with thoroughbred, but as of thoroughbred with 
 the coarse common heavy mare of the day, and it would seem 
 to follow, that the preference of the Marquis for the Barb is 
 fully borne out by the pedigree of Eclipse, in which it will be 
 seen there is but one genuine Arabian, all the other oriental 
 strains being either Barb or Turk, of one of which stocks, it 
 is well ascertained that all the royal mares of Charles II. are 
 derived.* 
 
 * The following list comprises some of the earliest recorded importations of 
 Oriental stallions into England, with notices of their stock as far as known. 
 Markham's Arabian, Temp. James I, 
 
 Failed as a racer. His stock, if any, unknown. 
 Plaice's White Turk, ^ 
 
 The Morocco Barb, V Temp. Commonwealth. 
 The Helmsley Turk, ) 
 To one or other of these many of the best horses in England and America 
 directly trace. To the last. Eclipse and Highflyer, in the female line. 
 The Damascus Arabian. ^ 
 
 Three Turks, from Hamburgh, 1684, V Temp. Charles II. 
 The royal, Barb or Turkish, mares. ) 
 To the latter^ with scarcely an exception, every celebrated horse in England or 
 America, in some sort traces a portion of his blood. 
 
 Evelyn, in his Memoirs, vol. I., p. 577, thus describes the Turkish horses from 
 Hamburgh : — 
 
 " Early this morning I went into St. James's Park to see these Turkish or Asian 
 horses, newly brought over, and now first showed to his majesty. There were four, 
 but one died at sea, being three weeks coming from Hamborowe. They were taken 
 from a Bashaw, at the siege of Vienna, at the late famous raising that leaguer. I 
 never beheld so delicate a creature as one of them, of somewhat a bright bay, two 
 white feet, a blaze ; such a head, eyes, ears, neck, breast, belly, haunches, legs, pas- 
 terns, and feet, in all regards beautiful and proportioned to admiration ; spirited, 
 proud, nimble, making halt, turning with that swiftness, and in so small a compass 
 as was admirable. * * * They trotted like does, as if they did not feel the 
 ground ; 500 guineas was demanded for the first ; 300 for the second, and 200 for 
 the third, which was brown. All of them were choicely shaped, but the two last 
 not altogether so perfect as the first." 
 
104 THE HORSE. 
 
 With regard to the blood of our thoroughbreds of to-day, 
 " Cecil " speaks, in conclusion, thus, and with no passage can I 
 
 V Temp. James II. 
 
 It is not, I believe, known what became of these horses, or what stoclc they 
 produced. 
 
 The Byerly Turk, 
 Lister's or the Straddling Turk, 
 Both these horses produced good stock. The latter "Brisk," "Snake," and 
 other celebrated stallions. 
 
 The Darley Arabian, ^ 
 Curwen's Barb, v Temp. Queen Anne. 
 
 Lord Carlisle's Turk, \ 
 The former, sire of Flying Childers, and the most famous progenitor, on the 
 whole, ever imported — the latter sire of the Bald Galloway, and other famous 
 
 horses. 
 
 The Godolphin Arabian, Temp. George II. 
 
 sire of Blank, Regulus, &c., &c., and the last Oriental horse, from which the British 
 turf has derived permanent or positive advantage. The Winter Arabian did little 
 or nothing for the improvement of our blood, and the Wellesley Arabian — which is 
 said, however, to have been neither perfect Arabian nor perfect Barb — got but one 
 offspring, fair Ellen, of even ordinary pretensions on the turf. Sampson and Bay 
 Malton, though the best horses of their day, had both a strain of base blood. 
 
 I have yet to learn that any of the Eastern horses sent to this country — three to 
 Gen. Jackson, in 1833 or 1834, by the Dey of Algiers, several by the Sultan of Mus- 
 cat in 1839, one imported, I beheve from Tripoh, by the late Commodore ElUott, 
 and others — have done any thing to maintain their repute as stock-getters. 
 
 I myself owned a large chestnut stallion, above 16 hands in height, by one of the 
 former, Zilcaadi, out of a Sweetbriar mare, which had a fair turn of speed, though 
 not such as to justify training him. He had power, and was a fine fencer, so that I 
 had designed training him for the Montreal hurdle races in 1838, when he w^as in- 
 curably lamed by the carelessness of a groom. He was sold and sent to the Havana, 
 as a stallion, but what became of him, or what he did, I know not. This is the only 
 Eastern bred horse I have ever known in the United States. 
 
 The following list shows the number of all the foreign and all the most celebrated 
 native stallions, descended, more or less remotely, from Arabian or African strains, 
 which were covering in England in 1*730, from which date the use of Oriental stock 
 began to decline, as it has continued to do gradually until the present day, when it 
 seems to be the fact that the Enghsh thorough blood is no longer susceptible of im- 
 provement by a farther infusion of Oriental blood. 
 
 rOEEIGN STALLIONS, IN 1730. 
 
 The Alcock Arabian, The Godolphin Arabian, 
 
 The Bloody Buttocks Arabian, Hall's Arabian, 
 
 The Bloody Shouldered Arabian, Johnson's Turk, 
 
 The Belgrade Turk, Litton's Arabian, 
 
 The Bethel Arabian, Matthew's Persian, 
 
 Lord Buriington's Barb, Nottingham's Arabian, 
 
 Croft's Egyptian horse, Newton's Arabian, 
 
 The Cypress Arabian, Pigott's Turk, 
 
BUSTLER. 
 
 105 
 
 more fittingly close my liistory of the blood of the present Eng- 
 lish race-horse, except it be by the pedigree of its noblest son. 
 
 " The Royal mares ! " says he, " from one of which in the 
 maternal line the genealogy of Eclipse is traced. The pedigree 
 of his sire, Marske, is somewhat obscure ; it goes back through 
 eight generations to a daughter of Bustler, but how her dam 
 was bred there is no authority to decide. It may be conjec- 
 tured that she was descended from some of the worthies which 
 distinguished themselves on the course in the reign of James I. 
 There are several examples of a similar nature traceable in the 
 stud-book, which lead to the conclusion that during the early 
 periods of breeding for the turf,' mares used for ordinary pur- 
 poses were occasionally selected in case they evinced s]3eed and 
 stoutness, without reference to their oriental pedigrees. 
 
 '•■ The pedigree of Highflyer affords a similar instance to 
 that of Eclipse, and singular to relate, runs precisely into the 
 same strain of blood. On his dam's side he can be traced to a 
 royal mare, but in the paternal line his genealogy terminates in 
 a mare, which produced a filly from Bustler, which horse was a 
 son of the Helmsley Turk.* 
 
 " Although there are scarcely any horses on the turf at the 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire's Arabian, Strickland's Arabian, 
 
 Greyhound, a Barb, Wynn's 
 
 Arabian. 
 
 Hampton Court 
 
 grey Barb, Dodsworth, a Barb. 
 
 
 NATIVE STALLIONS, IN 1730 
 
 
 Aleppo, 
 
 Doctor, 
 
 Jigg- 
 
 Almanzor, 
 
 Dunkirk, 
 
 Lamprey, 
 
 Astridge Ball, 
 
 Easby Snake, 
 
 Leedes, 
 
 Bald Galloway, 
 
 Fox, 
 
 Marricle, 
 
 Bartlett's Childers, 
 
 Foxcub, 
 
 Oysterfoot, 
 
 Basto, 
 
 Graeme's Champion, 
 
 Partner, 
 
 Bay Bolton, 
 
 Grey Childers, 
 
 Royal, 
 
 Blacklegs, 
 
 Grey Crofts, 
 
 Shuffler, 
 
 Bolton Starling, 
 
 Hampton Court Childers, 
 
 Skipjack, 
 
 Bolton Sweepstakes, 
 
 Harlequin, 
 
 Smales's Childers, 
 
 Cartouch, 
 
 Hartley's Blind Horse, 
 
 Soreheels, 
 
 Chaunter, 
 
 Hip, 
 
 Squirrel, 
 
 Childers, 
 
 Hobgobhn, 
 
 Tifter, 
 
 Cinnamon, 
 
 Hutton's Blacklegs, 
 
 Trueblue, 
 
 Coneyskins, 
 
 Hutton's Hunter, 
 
 "Woodcock, 
 
 Councillor, 
 
 Jewtrump, 
 
 Wyndham. 
 
 Crab, 
 
 
 
 * See Note j on page ]07. 
 
106 THE HORSE. 
 
 present day wliicli are not in some degree descended from the 
 royal mares, it appears too much to assert that they all owe 
 their orighi entirely to Eastern blood. 
 
 " The casuist may, therefore, with consistency inquire. What 
 is a thoroughbred horse ? The term is accepted conventionally 
 to signify a horse whose pedigree can be traced through many 
 generations, the members of wliich have signalized themselves 
 on the turf, or have established their reputation as progenitors 
 of superior horses." 
 
 This is undoubtedly the true and practical reply, and such 
 the pedigree of Eclipse will prove it in plain truth to be.* 
 
 " The pedigree of Eclipse will likewise afford us another 
 curious illustration of the uncertainty which attends thorough- 
 bred horses. Marske was sold at the sale of the Duke of Cum- 
 berland's stud for a mere trifle, and was suffered to run almost 
 wild in the New Eorest. He was afterwards purchased by the 
 Earl of Abingdon, for one thousand guineas, and before his 
 death, covered for one hundred guineas. Squirt, when the 
 property of Sir Harry Harpur, was ordered to be shot, and. 
 while he was actually leading to the dog kennel, he was spared 
 at the intercession of one of Sir Harry's grooms ; and neither 
 Bartlett's Childers, nor Snake, was ever trained. On the side 
 
 * In 1132 was foaled Squirt, who as the sire of Mr. Pratt's old mare, Marske and 
 Syphon — the former sire of Eclipse, Shark, and an almost infinite number of racers — 
 certainly merits a peculiar commemoration. 
 
 Squirt was bred by a Mr. Metcalfe, near Beverly in the county of New York, 
 and was by Bartlett's, own brother to Flying Childers. His dam, known by the 
 name of " Metcalfe's Old Mare," was bred by Mr. Robinson of Easby, near Rich- 
 mond. She was by Snake, and descended from the cross of the D'Arcy Turk with 
 the royal or Barbary mares. Squirt was a fair good racer, but, falling into the 
 hands of Sir Harry Harpur, he was held in so little repute, that once, when by no 
 means an old horse, he was sent to the kennel to be shot. He was reprieved at the 
 earnest solicitation of Sir Harry's groom, and subsequently became sire of Marske, 
 Syphon, and Pratt's old mare. What a void in the annals of the turf would that 
 bullet have produced ! Eclipse and all his descendants. Shark, and the numerous 
 tribe of other horses that sprang from Marske — Tandem, Sweetbriar and Sweet- 
 william, sons of Syphon ; Rockingham, Walnut, Gohanna, &c., descended from the 
 old mare, would have had no existence. 
 
 From this date the breed of the English race-horse may be held to have been 
 fully established, and thenceforth has transmitted its progeny to be victorious in 
 every country, over every native horse, to which it has been imported, or against 
 which it has been pitted. 
 
PEDIGREE OF ECLIPSE. 107 
 
 of the dam, Spiletta never started but once and was beaten, and 
 the Godolphin was purchased from a water-cart in Paris." — 
 Smith on Breeding. 
 
 The pedigree of Eclipse, wliich follows, is worthy of remark, 
 as showing a singular example of in-breeding. 
 
 The great-grandsire of Eclipse in the male line is Bartlett's 
 Childers, who traces from his dam, in the male line, to Spanker, 
 and in the female to Spanker and his own dam ! Doubly in- 
 cestuous ! 
 
 The grandmother, in the male line, of his sire, Marske, 
 traces on both sides to Hautboy ; and in the female, once to the 
 same horse. 
 
 And there are, in his ancestry in the female line, three more 
 crosses of the same animal. 
 
 The other English pedigrees, which are either taken entire 
 from the best English authorities, or made up originally with 
 great care from the stud books, are those of the horses to which 
 the best American blood directly traces, in the families, which 
 will be hereafter indicated. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 100.) Priam's failure as a getter of race-horses can be justly attributed to 
 the fact that he was permitted to cover one hundred and fifty mares the first season 
 he stood in America. Many of the mares descended from him have been very 
 successful and valuable in the stud. In England, Priam sired some noted mares ; 
 Miss Letty, winner of the Oaks in 1837, and dam of "Weatherbit ; Industry, winner 
 of the Oaks in 18.38 ; and Crucifix, the best mare of her day, winner of aU her two- 
 year engagements, and won the 2,000 gs., 1,000 gs., and Oaks in 1840. She was the 
 dam of Coral and Surplice, the latter the winner of the Derby and St. Leger in 1848. 
 
 ■f- (P. 105.) No pedigrees in the Euglish Stud-Book are more certainly authen- 
 ticated than Marske and Highfiyer. 
 
HISTORY 
 
 OF THE AMERICAN HORSE. 
 
 At a vorv roinoto period in the liistory of America, this most 
 valuable of all the aiiiinals subject to man, began to be imported 
 from Europe bv the earliest settlers, it being conceded that, al- 
 though the horse had at some former time existed on this con- 
 tinent, as is proved by his fossil remains, he had become extinct 
 previous to its colonization by the ■white nations. 
 
 It is generally believed that the horses, which are found in 
 a feral state over the pampas of South and the prairies of Is ortli 
 America, so tar east as to the Mississippi, are the progeny of 
 the parents released by the Spaniards at the abandonment of 
 Buenos Ayres ; but it seems to me that this date is too recent 
 to be compatible with the vast numerical increase, and the 
 great hordes of these animals now existing in a state of nature ; 
 and I should be inclined to ascribe their origin to animals es- 
 caped, or voluntarily liberated, in the earlier expeditions and 
 wars of the Spanish invaders, the cavalry of that nation con- 
 sisting entirely of perfect horses, or mares. 
 
 It must have been the case, in the bloody wars of Mexico 
 and Peru, where the battles more than once went disastrously 
 for the Spaniards, that Mar-horses, their riders being slain, would 
 recover their freedom, and propagate their species rapidly, in the 
 wide, luxuriant and well-watered plains, where the abundance 
 of food, tlie genial climate, and the absence of beasts of prey 
 capable of coping with so powerful an animal as the horse, 
 would favor their rapid increase. 
 
 We know that De Soto had a heavv force of cavalrv in that 
 
FIRST IMPOETATI02f3. 109 
 
 expedition, in wliich he discovered the Mississippi and found a 
 grave in its waters ; and, when the warriors of his i)SiTty re- 
 turned liorne by water in barques, wliich they built on the 
 banks of the great river, it is nearly certain that they must have 
 abandoned their chargers ; as it is little probable that the frail 
 vessels, built by inexperienced hands merely for the purpose of 
 escaping with life, should have been capable of containing the 
 horses of the fugitives. 
 
 The first horses imported to America for the purpose of cre- 
 ating a stock, were brought by Columbus in 1493, in his second 
 voyage to the islands. Tiie first landed in the United States 
 were introduced into Florida in 1.527, by Cabeca de Vaca, forty- 
 two in number, but these all perished or were killed. Tlxe next 
 importation was that of De Soto, alluded to above, of which 
 many doubtless survived, and to which I attnbute the origin of 
 the wild horses of Texas and the prairies, strongly marked to 
 this day by the characteristics of Spanish blood. 
 
 In 1604, M. L'Escarbot, a French lawyer, brought horses 
 with other domestic animals, into Acadia, and, in 160S, the 
 French, extending their colonization into Canada, introduced 
 horses into that country, where the present race, though it has 
 somewhat degenerated in size, owing probably to the inclemency 
 of the climate, still shows the blood, sufficiently distinct, of the 
 Korman and Breton breeds. 
 
 In 1609, the English ships, landing at .lamestown, brought, 
 beside swine, sheep and cattle, six mares and a horse, and in 1657 
 the importance of increasing the stock of this valuable animal 
 was so largely recognized, that an act was passed prohibiting its 
 exportation from the province. 
 
 In 1629, horses and mares were brought into the plantations 
 of Massachusetts Bay by Francis Iligginson, formerly of Leices- 
 tershire, from which county many of the animals were imported. 
 Is'ew York received its first horses in 1625, imported from Hol- 
 land by the Dutch "^rTest India Company, probably of the 
 Flanders breed, of which, however, few traces seem to exist, 
 unless it be in the Conestoga horse of Pennsvlvania, which, 1 
 think, shows some affinity to that breed, either directly or 
 through the English dray-horse, which is understood to be 
 originally of Flemish origin. 
 
110 THE HORSE. 
 
 In 1Y50, the Frencli of Illinois possessed considerable num- 
 bers of French horses, and, since that time, as the science of 
 agriculture has improved and advanced, pure animals of many 
 distinct breeds have been constantly imported into this country, 
 ■svhich have created in different sections and districts distinct 
 families easily recognized ; as the horses of Massachusetts and 
 Vermont, admirable for their qualities as draft horses, both 
 powerful and active, and capable of quick as well as heavy 
 work — the Conestogas, excellent for j^onderous slow efforts in 
 teaming and the like — and the active wiry horses of the West, 
 well adapted for riding, and affording mounts to most of the 
 American cavalry.* Although, however, these horses are i-eadily 
 known — apart, and recognized by the eye of a judge, it is not 
 always easy or possible to assign the origin of each breed, or to 
 trace out the foreign family from which it is derived ; as, until 
 recently, a lamentable carelessness has existed as to preserving 
 the pedigrees of animals, which has produced irretrievable con 
 fusion — while now, since the value of blood and hereditary 
 qualities is every where admitted, a much worse evil is begin- 
 ning to show itself, in the manufacture of spurious pedigrees, 
 which is becoming unfortunately too common, and, owing to 
 the want of proj)erly kept and authenticated stud-books, is 
 nearly impossible of detection. It would appear that there is 
 a growing necessity for the enactment of some highly penal 
 statutes, in all the several States, for the repression of this 
 offence, which is not only a most infamous species of swindling, 
 but, in fact, an absolute act of forgery. 
 
 The unlucky absence of properly kept stud-books has also 
 rendered it impossible to prove the blood directly of many of 
 our most celebrated race-horses and stallions, the dams of which 
 have not been duly recorded. It cannot be said, however, that 
 their lineage is doubtful, though it may be nnknown ; as their 
 own qualities of speed, stoutness, and their ability to stay a 
 distance, go far to show their claims to pure blood, while their 
 power of transmitting it to their progeny proves it beyond a 
 peradventure. For, although some horses, not perfectly 
 thoroughbred, have run well themselves, both for speed and 
 endurance, none such have been the sires and grandsires of dis- 
 tinguished winners. The power, therefore of transmitting high 
 * See Note * on page 121. 
 
VAKIOUS RACES. Ill 
 
 qualities by hereditary descent, may be held to prove the pos- 
 session of pure blood in the sire. The pedigree of American 
 Eclipse cannot be absolutely proved—that is to say, there is a 
 doubt in his j^edigree, but no proof of a stain in liis blood — yet 
 no one in his senses, looking to his own performances and the 
 performances of his get, can doubt his being as thoroughbred as 
 his English namesake, to whom he is supposed to have been 
 connected on the mother's side.* 
 
 It is evident then, in the first place, that the original stock 
 of the unimj^roved American horse is the result of a mixture 
 of breeds, the Erench, the Spanish, the Flemish, and the Eng- 
 lish horses having all sent their representatives to some portion 
 or other of the United States and British Provinces, and proba- 
 bly still prevailing to a considerable degree in some locations, 
 though nowhere wholly unmixed, while, in others, they have 
 been so thoroughly mixed and amalgamated, that their identity 
 is no longer discoverable. 
 
 In jS^ew York, it appears that the early importations of 
 thorough blood, and the constant support of horse-racing, have 
 so changed the original Dutch or Flemish stock, that the char- 
 acteristic of her horses is that of the English race, with a strong 
 cross of good blood. In Massachusetts, Vermont, and the 
 Eastern States generally, the Cleveland Bay, and a cross be- 
 tween that and the English dray-horse blood, with some small 
 admixture of a thorough strain, predominates. In Pennsyl- 
 vania, the most distinct breed appears to be of Flemish and 
 English dray-horse origin. In Maryland, Yirginia, and South 
 Carolina, English thorough blood prevails to a great extent ; so 
 much so as to render the inferior classes of working horses 
 weedy and undersized. In Louisiana, and many of the Western 
 States, French and Spanish blood is prevalent in part, though 
 with a mixture of an English strain. But, generally, it may be 
 assumed that, with the exception of the thoroughbreds, there is 
 scarcely any breed in any part of America entirely pure and 
 unmixed, and that there are very few animals any where which 
 have not some mixture, greater or less, of the hot blood of the 
 desert, transmitted through the English race-horse. 
 
 In fact, with the exception of the Conestoga horse, there is 
 in the United States no purely bred draft or cart-horse, nor any 
 
 * See Xote f on page 121. 
 
112 THE HOKSE. 
 
 breed wliicli is kept entirely for field or road labor, without a 
 view to being nsed at times for quicker work, and for purposes 
 of pleasure or travel. The same horse which ploughs or har- 
 rows to-day, is harnessed to-morrow to the sulky or the Jersey 
 wagon, or the old-fashioned New England chaise, or is used 
 under saddle, and expected to make tolerable time by the 
 owner. Kor, although Cleveland Bays, and Suffolk punches of 
 the improved breed have been imported into Massachusetts, 
 and left their mark on the horses of the Eastern States, are any 
 Iiorses bred there without the ambition to produce something 
 beyond a mere cart-horse, aspiring to draw a heavy load at a 
 foot's-pace ; the use of oxen, which is almost entirely aban- 
 doned in England, supplying the place in the United States of 
 mere w^eight-haulers ; so that every horse, for the most part, 
 bred in America is, or is intended to be, in some sense, a road- 
 ster ; and it is but fair to say that for docility, temper, soundness 
 of constitution, endurance of fatigue, hardiness, surefootedness, 
 and speed, the American roadster is not to be excelled, if 
 equalled, by any horse in the known world not purely thorough- 
 bred. 
 
 Of roadsters, two or three families have obtained, in different 
 localities, decided and probably merited reputations for different 
 peculiar qualities ; such as the ISTarragansett Pacers, the families 
 known as the Morgan and Black Hawk, the Canadians, and 
 generally what may be called trotters. 
 
 1^0 one of these, however, it may be asserted, with the 
 single exception of the IN^arragansetts, appears to have any real 
 claim to be held a distinctive family, or to be regarded as capa- 
 ble of transmitting its qualities in line of hereditary descent, 
 by breeding within itself, without farther crosses with higher 
 and hotter blood. 
 
 Of the Narragansetts it is extremely difficult to speak ; for 
 there is reason to believe that as a distinct variety, with natural 
 powers of pacing, they are extinct ; and their origin is, in some 
 sort, mythical and uncertain. 
 
 The other families, it is clear, owe their merits to a remote 
 strain of thoroughblood, perhaps amounting to one-fourth, or 
 one-third part, some three or four generations back. 
 
 Now, by all rules of breeding, based on experience and 
 
IN-BREEDING . 2 ]^ 3 
 
 reduced to certainty, such families cannot continue witliout 
 degeneration, unless they are farther crossed with i^ure blood. 
 If mares of any family, unmixed, be stinted to unmixed stallions 
 of the same family, generation after generation, the result is as 
 certain as it is that the earth revolves on its axis. The good 
 blood will die out, and the progeny, sooner or later, bec^'ome 
 degenerate, weak, and worthless. 
 
 Again, to breed stallions of such a family to mares of better 
 blood must, necessarily, fail; for though it has often been 
 attempted to produce improved bone and power, by puttino- 
 blood mares to bony underbred stallions, it has never succeeded'' 
 and It is now universally known and conceded that, in order to 
 improve the races, the sire must be the superior animal.* Indeed 
 It IS argued, with much probability, that a mare once crossed 
 with a sire of different blood, not only produces, but Iccornes 
 herself, a cross ; and is incapable of ever again producino- her 
 own stram. Thus a thorough mare, once stinted to a ^cold- 
 blooded horse, could never again bear the pure colt, even to a 
 pure sire; while a cold-blooded mare, having once foaled to a 
 thorough horse, would always be improved as a breeder by the 
 change produced in her own constitution. This is a mysterious 
 and difficult subject, and it is probable that the question is not 
 fully sounded; I am satisfied, however, that there is much in it, 
 and I shall enter more largely into the matter when I come to 
 treat especially of breeding; as I shall into the qualities alle-ed 
 to belong to these families, when I come to deal with them dis- 
 tinctively as such. 
 
 At present, I only wish to record it as my opinion, that the 
 supposed superiority of any of these breeds is only attributable 
 to their possessing a larger share than ordinary horses of pure 
 blood, and that this superiority cannot last without farther 
 admixture. 
 
 Therefore, while I should expect no possible advantage from 
 breeding a Morgan, or Messenger, one-third part bred mare, to 
 a similarly bred stallion, I should look forward confidently to a 
 vastly superior progeny by putting her to a powerful sire of 
 pure blood. 
 
 Again by putting an entirely cold-blooded mare, say of 
 Norman, Cleveland Bay, or Flemish blood, to a Morgan or 
 
 TT ^ * See Note t on pa<?e 121. 
 
 \^0L. I.— 8 
 
114 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Messenger, third-part horse, I should expect to get an anima. 
 improved above the dam, but not so much improved as I 
 should, had she been put to a properly selected animal of undis- 
 puted blood. 
 
 In a word, unless I were intending to breed dray-horses, 
 cart-horses, or punches, I would never put a mare to a half-bred 
 sire at all ; and even of these, excepting the dray-horse— which 
 in reality is an animal for ostentation and show, sanctioned by 
 usage among brewers and distillers in England, not for utility— 
 I am satisfied, that they would be bettered by a cross of blood. 
 
 The original Canadians were, I have no doubt, of pure Nor- 
 man and i3reton descent ; but, since the Canadas have been 
 under British rule, they, too, have been mixed and improved 
 larcrely by the introduction of a pure strain ; so that the animals, 
 which in late years pass here under the name of Canadians, 
 such as Moscow, Lady Moscow, and many others of name, are 
 Canadians only by title, and diiier only from other American 
 roadsters in the fact, that they have, it is probable, for the most 
 part only two crosses, of the Norman and pure English blood, 
 while the ordinary road-horse of the United States is perhaps 
 a combination of several English distinct families, with French, 
 Spanish and Flemish crosses, beside a strain of thorough blood. 
 Of trotters it is now certain that there is no distinctive breed, 
 or family, or mode of breeding. The power, the style, the ac- 
 tion, the mode of going are the things ; and it is most probable 
 that the speed and the endurance both of weight and distance 
 depend, more or less, on the greater or inferior degree of blood 
 
 in the animal. 
 
 There is no doubt whatever in my own mind, that allowing 
 euch men as Hiram Woodruif, George Spicer, Dan Pfiifer, Dan 
 Mace Bud Doble, Hiram Howe, Carl Burr, and others of tlu 
 same kidney, to select such horses as they should pick for shape, 
 bone, action, movement and blood, out of the best hunting sta- 
 bles in England, and to train and drive them themselves, after 
 their own fashion, they would find an equal, or even larger, pro- 
 portion of animals— owing to their superiority in blood— capa- 
 ble of making as good time as has been made here. It is to the 
 fact that no favor^ias been ever attached to trotting, either as 
 a national sport, or as an amusement of the wealthier classes—to 
 the fact that all the best and most promising animals, which 
 
TROTTING HORSES. 115 
 
 wonld in tliis conntiy be used on the road or the trottino;-conrse 
 are there employed in the hunting field— to the fact, that trot- 
 ting rules, trotting-training, and trotting-riding, or driving, are 
 all, in England, imperfect, injudicious and inferior ; and lastly 
 to the fact, that the animals used as trotters, themselves of in- 
 ferior quality, are almost entirely in the hands of persons of in- 
 ferior means and equal character, that must be ascribed the in- 
 feriority of the English trotter ; no such distinction being dis- 
 coverable against tlie English hunter, carriage-horse, cavalry 
 horse, riding-hack, or race-horse. 
 
 And it is to the great popularity of trotting in this country, 
 to the great excellence of the trotting-trainers, drivers and ri- 
 ders, arising from that popularity, and to the employment of all 
 the very best half and three-quarter-part bred horses in the land 
 for trotting purposes— none being diverted from that use for the 
 hunting field, or park-riding— that we must ascribe the wonder- 
 ful superiority of the American roadster. 
 
 It may be added, that this view of the subject is confirmed 
 by the fact, that in the Southern and South-western States, 
 where the persons of wealth and horse-owners are, for the most 
 part, agriculturists and rural proprietors, rather than dwellers in 
 cities, many of them owners of race-horses, and most of them 
 more or less addicted to fox-hunting or deer hunting, trotting has 
 never taken root to any thing like the extent it has to the JSTorth 
 and Eastward ; and that, on the contrary, where trotting pre- 
 vails, it is as difiicult to procure a handsome, well-broken and 
 well-bitted galloper, with stylish action, a good turn of speed, and 
 able to stay a distance under a weight, as it is easy to find an 
 undeniable trotter, of equal appearance and performance, that 
 shall go his mile low down in the thirties, or his fifteen miles in 
 the hour, on a square trot. 
 
 The efi"ect of all this, as I have said, probably not a little the 
 result of the very mixture of breeds, has been to produce in 
 America a general horse for all purposes, omitting only the 
 hunting-field and park, or parade-ground— for which there is no 
 demand— that cannot, I think, be equalled in the world. 
 
 On my first arrival in this country, when the eye is more 
 awake to distinctions, than after it has become used by years of 
 acquamtance to what it has daily before it, and forgetful of what 
 
116 THE HOKSE. 
 
 it has ceased to see, I was particularly struck by the fact that 
 the American general horse, as compared with the English 
 horse, was inferior in height of the forehand, in the loftiness and 
 thinness of the withers, and in the setting on and carriage of 
 the neck and crest, while he was superior in the general devel- 
 opment of liis quarters, in the let down of his hams, and in his 
 height behind, and farther remarkable for his formation, ap- 
 jDroaching to what is often seen in the Irish horse, and known 
 as the goose-rump. I still think that these are prevailing and 
 characteristic differences of the horses in the two countries. 
 Even in the race-horse, purely of English blood, I fancy that I 
 can perceive the same distinction prevailing, the American 
 racer standing very much higher behind, and lower before, than 
 his Eno-lish cono-ener. 
 
 My judgment on this point seems to be confirmed by an ex- 
 amination of the portraits given in the old Spirit of the Times 
 of many celebrated English and American horses, by which it 
 appears that Boston, Wagner, and Shark measured exactly the' 
 same at the withers and the highest point of the croup ; that 
 Black Maria, in a drawing of a little under six and a half inches, 
 measures two-tenths of an inch lov)er before than behind, while 
 all the English horses are from one to two-tenths higher before. 
 
 To what this difference in construction is owing, I do not 
 pretend even to conjecture, nor whether it has or has not any 
 effect on comparative speerl. I believe the difference to be yel 
 more conspicuous in roadsters than in thoroughbreds. It is cer- 
 tain that a breast-plate, a thing commonly in use in England to 
 prevent the saddle from slipping back, is never seen in America ; 
 and that, in the former country, a horse which would not cany 
 his saddle without a crupper, would be considered fatally defi- 
 cient in form, while here it is not unusual, nor, I believe, consid- 
 ered a serious disadvantage. 
 
 Another point in which the American horse of all conditions 
 differs extremely, and here, most advantageously, from the Eu- 
 ropean animal, is his greater surefootedness and freedom from 
 the dangerous and detestable vice of stumbling. It is only ne- 
 cessary, in order to convince himself that this is a real and not 
 an imaginaiy difference in favor of our horses, to examine the 
 knees of the hack-horses let for hire, either in the cities or rural 
 
FEEEDOM FROM STUlSrSLlNG. 117 
 
 rillages of the United States, as compared witli those of similar 
 English localities. In this country a broken knee is one of the 
 rarest blemishes, if not the very rarest, one ever encounters in the 
 horse. Of horses let for hire in England, unless it be by a few 
 crack livery-keepers in London, in the Universities, and in one or 
 two other of the most important towns in hunting neigliborhoods, 
 a majority are decidedly broken-kneed. Nor is it at all unusual 
 to meet perilous stumblers, even from gentlemen's stables, and 
 in the case of animals whose appearance would indicate any 
 thing but liability to so manifest and disqualifying a fault. I 
 have had in my life several heavy falls on the road in England, 
 from my horse coming down with me on a trot, when, from the 
 character of the horse, I should have expected any thing else ; 
 and it is needless to add that the roads in Great Britain, as a 
 general thing, are infinitely better, freer from ruts, stones, or 
 other obstacles, than those of the United States ; while in this 
 country I have never had a horee stumble with me in harness, 
 and but twice under the saddle, one of which was easily recov- 
 ered, while the other, which fell outright, was a notorious blun- 
 derer, and, I think the only broken-kneed horse I have met in 
 America. 
 
 I ascribe the immunity of the horse, on this side of the At- 
 lantic, from this fault, first, to the fact that both the pasture- 
 lands and the roads are far rougher, more broken in surface, 
 and more interrupted by stumps, stones and other obstacles, 
 here, than in the longer cultivated and more finished countries 
 of Europe ; which teaches young horses to bend their knees, 
 and throw their legs more freely while playing with their dams 
 in the field, and also to lift and set down their feet with far 
 greater circumspection, even on our great thoroughfares, many 
 of which are scarcely superior to a French cross-road, and few 
 of which are equal to an English one, especially in the autumn 
 or in the spring, when the frost is coming out of the ground. 
 Secondly, I think it may be attributed to the higher blood and 
 breed of the gentlemen's riding horses in England, which are 
 often cantering thoroughbreds, or at worst four or five-part-bred 
 hacks, and from their blood liable to be daisy-cutters and un- 
 safe goers on the road ; and lastly, to the well-known circum- 
 stance that most of the hired horses, posters, and casual road- 
 
118 THE nOKSE. 
 
 Bters are worn out, or broken down, or otlierwise disqualified 
 animals of higher caste, which, because they have once held a 
 better, are still supposed equal to a secondary situation, when 
 they are in truth fit for none, and are dangerous in any posi- 
 tion. 
 
 To this admirable quality of the American horse, which, 
 from what cause soever it arises, cannot be doubted or disputed, 
 must be added his extreme good temper and docility, in which 
 lie unquestionably excels any other horse in the world. I can 
 give no reason for this want of vice ; but there it is — a fixed and 
 established fact. From the first childhood of the animal, until 
 he is fully put to work, he requires little or no breaking, and 
 for the most part receives none — unless he shows qualities, 
 which promise such speed or endurance as to render it advisable 
 to break, or rather to train, him as a trotter. And when this is 
 done, it is for the purpose of developing his powers, getting him 
 to exert himself to the utmost, and teaching him how to move 
 to the best advantage ; and not to render him submissive, easy 
 of management, or gentle to be handled. 
 
 Such a thing as a professional horse-breaker is unknown ; 
 colts are rarely, if ever, put upon the breaking bits, lounged or 
 subjected to any of the processes of handling, without which 
 the young horse of Europe is, in nine cases out of ten, particu- 
 larly if he have any pure blood in his veins, a wild, headstrong, 
 ungovernable, and almost indomitable savage. 
 
 There is scarcely ever any difficulty in saddling, in har- 
 nessing, in backing, or in inducing him to go. He may be awk- 
 ward at first, uncouth, shy and timid, but one may say never 
 violent, sj^lenetic, and fierce ; never making those wild bounds 
 and plunges by which he strives resolutely to divest himself 
 of his trappings, and to get rid of his rider, as one almost in- 
 variably sees a young animal do in Europe, while in the break- 
 er's hands. 
 
 It is true that they are treated for the most part with supe- 
 rior judgment and greater humanity in the United States, un- 
 less in very exceptional instances ; that the whip is little used, 
 and the spur almost unknown ; but the whole of this remarka- 
 ble diiference in temper, on the part of the American horse, 
 cannot be attributed to the difi'erence of treatment, for it cer- 
 
HIGH GROOMING. 119 
 
 tainly Avould not be safe, much less wise or easy, to mount an 
 Englisli liiglilj-bred colt without having the means of compel- 
 ling obedience in case of resistance, and insuring the victory to 
 the horseman, in case of what is constantly occurring, a long 
 and obstinate encounter of wits and trial of powers between the 
 intellectual man and the intelligent brute. 
 
 As he begins, morever, so he continues to the end. One 
 rarely, if ever, meets a kicker, a runaway, an inveterate shyer or 
 balker, and hardly ever a furious, biting, striking, screaming 
 devil, whom he cannot api:)roach but at the risk of limb or life, 
 in an American horse of any class or condition. 
 
 Probably, this fact may be in some respect attributed to the 
 less high strain of blood in the American roadster ; and still 
 more to the hardier and less stimulating mode of treatment to 
 which he is subjected. The American trotter of the highest 
 grade being a very out-of-door plant indeed, as compared to an 
 Englisli hunter or park hack, wdiich is invariably in the most 
 pampered and blooming condition, generally above his work, 
 and excited, by the high and constant grooming, rubbing and 
 currying, which is going on in first-class English stables, to 
 great irritability both of skin and temper. 
 
 No one who has seen hunters groomed in England, or race- 
 horses in this country, which are, one may say as a rule, the 
 only horses subjected to this extreme dressing, can doubt, when 
 he hears the animals squealing and snorting, and sees them bit- 
 ing or lashing out at every thing they see, that the animal is 
 rendered in the highest degree sensitive, and has his nervous 
 temperament excited and stimulated very far by this treatment, 
 while his spirits, his health, his courage, and his beauty are 
 promoted by it, in at least an equal degree. Certainly I have 
 never seen horses in America, unless they were either race- 
 horses or trotters in match condition, either groomed, or show- 
 ing the grooming in the bloom and perfection of their coats, 
 which is expected of the horsekeeper in every English gentle- 
 man's stable. 
 
 I do not say that it is desirable, or that the American mode 
 should be altered ; I only assert that it is so. For tlie English 
 hunter, or steeplechaser, whose work is closely analogous to 
 that of an American four-mile-heater, nearly the same condi- 
 
120 THE HOKSE. 
 
 tion, and the blooming coat are doubtless necessary. Produced 
 as tliey inust be by hot stabling, thick clothing, and extremely 
 liigh and pampered feeding, I do not believe that such treat- 
 ment would be beneficial to American roadstei*s, but the reverse. 
 And, apart from the parade and show — which, as they are a 
 ])rincipal part of the object for which the European gentleman 
 keei^s his carriage horses and park hacks, cannot be sacrificed — 
 1 do not believe that it is advantageous to the hardihood, 
 health, or endurance of weather, of such animals in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 I remember, it struck me with great wonder, some five and 
 twenty years ago, when every young gentleman, in New York, 
 kept his fixst trotter, or fast team, to see those animals driven at 
 a rate I had never before heard of, some eight or ten miles, till 
 they were in a lather of sweat, and then left to stand in the 
 open air with the thermometer not much above zero, for two or 
 three hours, with only a single blanket over them, at Cato's 
 door, while their owners were talking " horse," within, round a 
 blazing fire. 
 
 I at once recognized that no English horse, stabled and 
 groomed as English horses are groomed and stabled, could 
 have been subjected to such treatment, without incurring al- 
 most the certainty of an inflammation of the lungs, and the 
 greatest imaginable risk of being rendered worthless for ever 
 after. 
 
 It is true, that in England such trials are not required of 
 horses, owing to the far greater equability of the climate, in 
 wdiich the hottest summer day rarely exceeds T5 to 80 degrees, 
 or the coldest winter day falls lower than 25 to 20 degrees 
 above zero ; so that there is, perhaps, little more difil'erence be- 
 tween the heat of a warm English stable and the outer air, 
 than there is between that of a cold American one and the 
 winter atmosphere without. 
 
 Still I believe that the heating treatment, in some degree, 
 unnerves horses, deprives them of the power of enduring long 
 protracted exertion, privation, hardship, and the inclemency 
 of weather. And I farther believe that the pampering, high 
 feeding, excessive grooming, and general maintenance of horses 
 in an unnatural and excited state of health and spirits, has an 
 
DOCILITY OF THE AMERICAN EACERS. 121 
 
 injuriouG effect on the general temper of the animal ; thongh 
 not, perhaps, so greatlj as to account for all the difference al- 
 luded to above. 
 
 If it have any injurious effect in provoking the animal to 
 resistance, rebellion, or caprice, the rest soon follows ; for the 
 rebellion or caprice of the animal constantly calls forth the vio- 
 lence, the injustice, and the cruelty of the groom. By these 
 means a casual trick is confirmed into a depraved habit, and a 
 playful, mischievous creature, transformed into a vicious, savage 
 devil. Still, while I attribute some of the extra amount of mis- 
 chief, wantonness and vice in European horses — French and 
 Spanish horses I think even more vicious than the English — to 
 the effects of the system, I also think that, by some accident of 
 blood, or climate, American horses are the more docile and 
 gentler by nature. I have observed the fact in race-horses, as 
 highly groomed, and as much pampered as any ; I have also 
 observed it among stallions, on exhibition, in the highest bloom, 
 at fairs, animals Avhich no man in his senses in Europe would 
 think of approaching, under the like circumstances. 
 
 And I must say, in conclusion, that I consider the general 
 horse of America superior, not in blood or in beauty, but decid- 
 edly in hardihood to do and to endure, in powers of travel, in 
 Bpeed, in docility and in good temper, to any other race of 
 general horses in the known world. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 110.) The South Carolina Gazette, February 1, 1734, shows that racing 
 was known in that State in that year. Many vahiable horses were imported from 
 England prior to 1750. 
 
 f (P. 111.) The pedigree of American Eclipse is thoroughly established, and 
 will be found correctly given in the table in this work. 
 
 X (P. 113.) The late Dr. Elislia Warfield bred all his thorough-bred mares one 
 season to a Jack, except Alice Carneal, the dam of Lexington. These mares were 
 afterwards bred to thorough-breds, and produced good race-horses. 
 
HISTOKT 
 
 OF THE AMERICAN BLOOD-EORSE. 
 
 Unlike the human race of the United States, unlike the ordi- 
 nary working horse, unlike the cattle and most of the domestic 
 animals of North America, which cannot be traced or said to 
 belong to any one distinct breed or family, having originated 
 from the mixture, combination, and amalgamation of many 
 bloods and stocks, derived from many diiferent countries, the 
 blooclhorse of America stands alone, unquestionably of pure 
 English thoroughblood. 
 
 What that English thoroughblood is, has been already dis- 
 cussed above ; and it is only necessary here to say, that, although 
 it is not possible, in every instance, to trace the great progeni- 
 tors of the English and American Turf, directly on both sides 
 to Desert blood, and although it can scarce be doubted that, in 
 the very commencement of Turf-breeding, there must have 
 been some mixture of the best old English blood, probably in 
 great part Spanish by descent, with the true Arab or Barb 
 race, the impure admixture is so exceedingly remote, not 
 within fourteen or fifteen generations — since which the smallest 
 taint has been jealously excluded — that the present race-horse 
 of England or JSTorth America cannot possess above one 
 sixteen-thousandth part of any other blood than that of the 
 Desert, 
 
 Kor is it to be doubted, in the smallest degree, that the 
 modern thoroughbred is as far superior to the present horse of 
 the East, in his qualities and powers, as he is in size, bone, 
 
" FAIE NELL. •» 123 
 
 strength, and ability to cany weight. It is to this veiy supe- 
 riority of our thoroughbred, which is proved * wherever it has 
 
 * It will be remembered, by many of my readers, that some years since the 
 Viceroy of Egypt challenged the English Jockey Club to run a certain number of 
 English horses against the pick of his stables. The bet was dechned ; first, because 
 the English Jockey Club, in their corporate capacity, do not own racers ; and, sec- 
 ondly, because to run a distance race over broken desert ground was considered a 
 greater risk of destroying valuable animals than the circumstances would justify. 
 The match has since been made, on private account, with the usual result, as the 
 following extract shows : — 
 
 " An interesting race was run recently at Cairo between an English mare and an 
 Arab horse belonging to Aaleen Pacha, when the former beat the latter. The length 
 of the race was eight miles, the time occupied by the mare 18|- minutes, over a 
 rough, gravelly, sandy road. The same race has been offered for the last two years 
 against all England, for 10,000 sovereigns, with the same horse, and not accepted. 
 The Egyptian princes are now convinced that their Arabs can he beaten by English 
 horses. The late Viceroy Abbas Pacha had offered to stake any amount up to 
 150,000f. on his own horse against any others that might be brought to run." 
 
 A farther account of this mare has been more recently published, which is sub- 
 joined, showing it to be very doubtful whether the mare, which so easily beat the 
 Arab, was fully bred. 
 
 " Fair Nell," the Irish mare that beat the Pacha's Arab. — A short time since 
 some sensation was created by a paragraph which went the rounds of the press, 
 stating that an English mare, in a race of eight miles, had beaten the best Arab in 
 Egypt by a full mile, doing the distance in IS-^- minutes, and pulling up fresh. On 
 inquiry, it was found that the Arab was the property of Aaleen Pacha, a son of 
 Abbas Pacha, who, it will be remembered, about three years ago, challenged the 
 Jockey Club to run any number of Enghsli horses against his Arabs, for any sum 
 not less than ten thousand pounds sterling. The Jockey Club, which makes rules 
 for racing, and by its stewards fixes the weights of certain matches and handicaps, 
 does not own or run horses in its Club capacity, and declined to take up the chal- 
 lenge. It was said that Abbas Pacha would not accept a challenge from any private 
 individual ; and the reputation of his stud — which had been collected at an unlimited 
 expense, with the power of despotism — was so high, that the owners of good horses 
 were afraid of risking their reputation in a foreign country over a long course of 
 sand and gravel. 
 
 However, the other day a party of Cairo merchants made up the match above 
 referred to for about £400, and won it so easily that they now find it impossible to 
 make another. We learn through private sources that El Hami Pacha, the youngest 
 son of Abbas Pacha, who inherited his stud, not less than 300 in number, still fan- 
 cies that he could find a horse that in a twenty-mile race would beat the European 
 mare ; but, although quite young, he is so indolent that he seldom leaves his 
 harem ; and it is doubtful if he will take the trouble to make the necessary pre- 
 liminaries for a race. About the result there can be no manner of doubt. Is'o Arab 
 in the world can go through a day's racing with our best thoroughbred steeple- 
 chasers and hunters — not even the stock of Disraeli's Star of the Desert, jockeyed 
 by Sidonia. 
 
124 THE HOESE. 
 
 encountered tlie oriental horse, that it must be ascribed, that no 
 late cross of Arab blood has, in the smallest degree, improved 
 the European or American racer. 
 
 It appears to be now an admitted fact that, to improve any 
 blood, the sire must be the superior animal ; and, inasmuch as 
 by care, cultivation, superior food, and better management, our 
 descendant of the Desert blood has been matured into a crea- 
 ture superior to his progenitors, mares of the improved race can 
 gain nothing from being referred to the original stock ; although 
 it remains to be seen, whether by the importation of oriental 
 mares, and breeding them judiciously to modern thoroughbred 
 sires, something might not be effected. 
 
 The first systematic attempts at improving the blood of the 
 English horse began, as we have seen, in the reign of King 
 
 Fair Nell is supposed to be thoroughbred ; her sire, according to the best infor- 
 mation, was the celebrated Irish horse Freney, to whom she bears a strong resem- 
 blance, both in appearance and temper, but she is not in the stud-book. She is a 
 beautiful light bay, with black legs, standing fifteen hands one inch and a half high, 
 with a game, determined head, very lengthy, with beautiful shoulders, arms, and 
 fore legs, back and hind quarters, with very powerful thighs. She is a delightful 
 mare to sit when going ; her stride is great, strong, and elastic ; and, from her form, 
 she gives the feeling of " plenty before you." She is a hard puller, with a good 
 mouth, graceful, and easy even when plunging most violently. In hunting, she 
 rushed at her fences at a terrible pace, but never made a mistake. As a hack she 
 was most luxurious, but at times it was real work of danger to cross a crowded road 
 with her. In the stable she was perfectly quiet. She was purchased in Ireland by 
 a well known old Irish steeple-chase rider and groom, Andy Rogers, for a gentleman 
 of Bath, Avho found her too spirited and uncomfortable for a hunter, and sent her to 
 be sold at Hetherington's stables in the Edgeware road. Not finding a purchaser, 
 she was put up at Tattersall's, where she was set down by the crowd as a "raking 
 Irish devil," and found no favor. 
 
 After being withdrawn, Mr. Edmund Tattersall, the junior partner of the firm, 
 was so struck with her shape and beauty that, against the advice of his friends, he 
 bought her as a park and cover hack. She often carried him sixteen miles within 
 the hour, including stoppages, to meet hounds, he riding twelve stone, seeming to 
 be only cantering all the time ; and back again in the evening, at the same rate, 
 without showing the least fatigue ; and was perfectly pleasant so long as ridden 
 alone, and with fine hands. Although more than once offered on loan to racing 
 men, by her owner, who felt sure she must win a long race over deep ground, no one 
 ventured to try her ; a mistake, evidently ; for it turns out that, on her trial in 
 Egypt, before the race, she did five miles in ten minutes and a half. 
 
 Eventually Mr. Hetherington applied to Mr. Tattersall, to purchase Fair Nell back 
 for the merchants of Cairo. She was in low condition when she was shipped, yet 
 ran and won her race within two months from the time of landing. 
 
FIRST IMPORTATIONS. 125 
 
 James I., was continued in that of Charles I., and during the 
 Commonwealth ; and advanced with renewed spirit on the 
 restoration of the Stuarts, of whom one is happy to record — 
 since there is little else to be recorded in their favor — that they 
 were a horse-loving and sport-encouraging race, and that Eng- 
 land, and through her America, owe to them, in great part, the 
 blood of their matchless steeds. 
 
 In the reign of Queen Anne, the last of that house who sat 
 on the royal throne of England, the English thorouglibred 
 horse may be regarded as fully established ; the Darley Arabian, 
 sire of Elying Childers, Curwen's Barb, and Lord Carlisle's 
 Turk, sire of the Bald Galloway, being imported in her reign. 
 Sixteen years after her death, and three years before the foun- 
 dation of Georgia, the youngest of the royal colonies, twenty- 
 one foreign, and fifty native stallions, some of them the most 
 celebrated horses the world has ever seen, such as Childers, 
 Bartlett's Childers, the Grey Childers, the Bald Galloway, Bay 
 Bolton, Coneyskins, Crab, Fox, Hartley's Blind Horse, Jigg, 
 Soreheels, and Trueblue were covering in the United Kingdoms ; 
 and from some of those are descended almost all our racers of 
 the present day. Six years before thi^!, the first Eacing Calen- 
 dar was published in England, with nearly seven hundred sub- 
 scribers. 
 
 During this period it was, precisely, that the American 
 colonies were planted ; and, as might be anticipated, English 
 horses of pure blood were at a very early date introduced ; and 
 in those regions, where the settlement was principally eifecteci 
 by men of birth, attached to the Cavalier party, race-horses 
 were kept and trained, race-courses were established, and a well- 
 authenticated stock of thorouojhbred animals, tracing: to the 
 most celebrated English sires, many of which were imported 
 in the early part of the eighteenth century, was in existence 
 considerably before the outbreak of the old French war. 
 
 In tlie Eastern States, the settlers of which were for the 
 most part attached to the Puritan party, and therefore opposed 
 to all amusements and pastimes as frivolous at the least and 
 unprofitable, and to horse-racing more especially as profane and 
 positively wicked, very few horses of thorough blood were im- 
 ported ; racing has never taken any root in them, nor I believe 
 
126 THE HORSE. 
 
 lias any stable of i*acers ever been kept to the eastward of New 
 York.' 
 
 Virginia and Maryland as the liead-quarters of the Cavaliers — 
 the former State having for a long time refused submission to 
 the Commonwealth and to stout old Oliver — as the seat of the 
 aristocracy, fashion, and wealth of the Colonies, prior to the 
 Revolution — took an early and decided lead in this noble pur- 
 suit ; and, w^hile the love of the sport continues to distinguish 
 their descendants, who are by far the most equestrian in their 
 habits of any other citizens of the Republic, the result of the 
 liberality of the first settlers is yet visible in the blood of their 
 noble steeds. 
 
 It is probable that Racing may have commenced simnltane- 
 onsly, or nearly so, in the two States above named. It was an 
 attribute of the principal towns of Maryland some years pre- 
 vious to Braddock's defeat in 1T53, and it is nearly certain that 
 Spark, owned by Governor Ogle, of that colony, presented to 
 him by Lord Baltimore, who received him as a gift from tho 
 Prince of Wales, father to King George III., came hither pre- 
 vious to that event, and was among the first horses of great dis- 
 tinction brought to America, though it cannot be shown, what 
 was the exact date of his importation. It seems also that there 
 is some dispute as to his pedigree.* "Weatherby's stud-book has 
 Spark, by Honeycomb Punch out of AYilkes' Old Hautboy 
 mare, and this I presume is the horse in question, as is stated 
 by Patrick Nisbett Edgar, in his Sportsman's Herald, who gives 
 his pedigree as above, signed and sealed by Lord Baltimore. 
 Skinner, in his stud-book, states him to have been got ly Aleppo, 
 son of the Darley Arabian, dam by Bartlett's Chiklers, &c. ; 
 but he states no authority, and I presume is in error ; as I find 
 no grounds for such a pedigree. Edgar states, also, that Wilkes' 
 Old Hautboy mare, dam by Brimmer, was also imported into 
 Virginia by Col. Colville, and afterward known as Miss Col- 
 ville. Old Hautboy was son of the D'Arcy white Turk, out of 
 one of King Charles II.'s barb mares. Honeycomb sire of Punch, 
 by the Dun Barb out of a Babraham mare. Governor Ogle, 
 the owner of Spark, who as a grandson of Hautboy must date 
 back to early in the 18th century, also imported Queen Mab, 
 by Musgrove's grey Arabian ; but the date of her importation 
 * See Note * on page 139. 
 
MAETLAND AND VIKGINlA. 1*27 
 
 is not known more certainly than tliat of Spark. Frederic, 
 Prince of Wales, however, wlio gave him to Lord Baltimore, died 
 himself in 1751, by which one may conjecture his importation 
 to have occurred previously to that date. The circumstances of 
 the gift speak well for the character of the horse, who was pro- 
 bably in a high form as a racer, since royal donors are not wont 
 to make worthless donations. 
 
 About the year 1750, Colonel Tasker imported into Mary- 
 land the celebrated English mare Selitna, a daughter of the Go- 
 dolphin Arabian, one of the most distinguished mares that ever 
 ran in America, and progenitrix through Kockingham, Mark 
 Antony, and many others, of half the best and most fashionable 
 blood in America. In December, 1752, Col. Tasker won a 
 sweepstakes with that mare at Gloucester, Virginia, beating 
 Col. Byrd's renowned horse Tryall — by, imported, Morton's Tra- 
 veller, out of Blazella by Blaze, out of Jenny Cameron by Quiet 
 Cuddy, son of Fox out of Castaway mare — Colonel Taylor's 
 Jenny Cameron, and a mare of Colonel Thornton's, for a sweep- 
 stakes of four miles, for 500 pistoles.* After this time, it aj^pears 
 to have been considered part of the duty of a governor of Mary- 
 land to keep a racing stud ; as, succeeding Governor Ogle, the 
 importer of these famous animals. Governors Ridgely, Wright, 
 Lloyd, and Sprigg, were all determined turfmen and supporters 
 of the American racing interest- 
 Nearly about the same time, there were imported into Vir- 
 ginia, Routh's Crab, by old Crab, dam by Counsellor, daughter 
 of Coneyskins, supposed to be in or about 1746. In 1747, Mon- 
 key, by the Lonsdale Bay Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb, 
 daughter of the Byerly Turk and a Eoyal mare. He was 22 
 years old when imported, but left good stock. In 1748, Boger 
 of the Vale, afterwards known as Jolly Eoger, by Roundhead, 
 out of a Partner mare, "Woodcock, Croft's Bay Barb, Makelesii, 
 Brimmer, Dickey Pierson, out of a Barb mare. Roundhead was by 
 Flying Childers, out of Roxana, dam of Lath and Cade, by the 
 Bald Galloway, out of a daughter to the Acaster Turk. Woodcock 
 was by Merlin, out of a daughter of son of Brimmer. Dickey 
 Pierson by the Dodsworth Barb out of the Burton Barb mare. 
 
 In about 1764, was imported Fearnought, got by Regulus 
 out of Silvertail by AVhitenose, grand-dam by Rattle, great 
 * See Note f on page 139. 
 
12^ 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 grand-dam by tlie Darley Arabian, great great grand-dam Old 
 Child mare, by Sir Thomas Gresley's Arabian, great great great 
 grand-dam, Mr. Cook's Vixen, by Helmsley Turk, out of Dods- 
 worth's dam, a natural Barb. Regulus was by the Godolphin 
 Arabian, dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Gallowa}'^, grand-dam 
 by Snake out of Old Wilkes' Hautboy mare. Eattle was by Sir 
 H. Harpur's Barb out of a Eoyal mare. Whitenose was by the 
 hiall Arabia!! out of dam to Jigg. Thus Fearnought is come 
 of the very highest and purest blood in England, and has left 
 his mark largely on the blood-horse of Yirginia. It is said that, 
 before his time, there was little beyond quarter racing in Yirginia, 
 that his progeny were of uncommon figure, and first introduced 
 the size and bottom of the English race-horse into America. 
 This must be taken, however, gutr gy^ano salis^ as it is evident 
 from what has been stated in regard to Selima, that four-mile 
 racers were the fashion in Maryland at least fifteen years before 
 that date, and it is only to be understood in the case of second- 
 rate racers, that quarter running was in vogue at this period. 
 
 These capital horses were shortly followed by Morton's 
 Traveller, who w^as probably got by Partner, a grandson of the 
 Byerly Turk, and grandsire of King Herod, dam by the Bloody 
 Buttocks Arabian ; grand-dam by Greyhound, a Barb ; g. grand 
 dam by Makeless ; g. g. g. dam by Brimmer ; g. g. g. g. dam 
 by the White Turk ; g. g. g. g. g. dam bj Dodsworth, a Barb ; 
 g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Layton Barb mare."^' 
 
 Makeless was by the Oglethorpe Arab out of Trumpet's dam. 
 She was a jjure Barb by Dodsworth out of the Layton Barb 
 mare. Brimmer was by the Yellow Turk out of a royal mare. 
 
 These were probably the best early horses that were imported 
 into America; and to these, with the mares Selima, De Lancey's 
 Cub mare. Queen Mab, Jenny Cameron, Kitty Fisher, Miss Col- 
 ville, and a few others of about the same period, may be traced 
 all, or almost all the families of running horses now existing in 
 the United States, in a greater or less degree, and with nearly as 
 much certainty as the English champions of the olden day may 
 be followed up to imported Arab and Barb on both sides. 
 
 It is unfortunate, first, that our Revolutionary War inter- 
 rupted the peaceful progress of the country and the avocations 
 of our country gentlemen, at so early a period in the history of 
 * See Note % OQ P^ge 139. 
 
WANT OF EEGISTEIES. 129 
 
 the American Turf; since it lias materially increased the diffi- 
 culty of ascertaining how far records or registries have been 
 preserved, or were kept from the first. When men were fight- 
 ing for their hearths, with the halter literally about their necks, 
 and daily expecting their houses to be burned over their heads, 
 they had little time, one may well imagine, to be attending to 
 the pedigrees of thoroughbred horses, or to preserving regular 
 entries. ' It is to be presumed, moreover, where many heads 
 of families were absent from their estates with the army, or 
 were obliged to expatriate or conceal themselves from the con 
 'sequences of proscription and outlawry, that many irregularities 
 must have occurred from want of due attention to the studs 
 themselves, as well as to the records of them. Many documents 
 must likewise have been destroyed by conflagrations, or other 
 accidents, and lost in the hurry of removals. And, secondly, it 
 is most unfortunate that no regular Turf Register was ever set 
 on foot in America until so late as 1829. But, on the whole, 
 it may be regarded as remarkable, rather, that so many pedi- 
 grees can be unequivocally followed out than that a few should 
 be obscure and untraceable farther than to an imported mare. In 
 fact, so that the owners were satisfied that the imported mares 
 were undoubted thoroughbreds, out of a well-known and accre- 
 dited English Turf stable, they seemed to have received them 
 almost as undoubtingly, as did our still more remote ancestors 
 those of oriental blood, without much questioning, or going 
 beyond the record. 
 
 For curiosity and precision, it is to be regretted that a few 
 of our genealogies cannot be traced a little farther and more 
 definitely ; but it must be conceded as a fact, which cannot be 
 questioned or doubted, fully established both by their own per- 
 formances and by the unfailing transmission of their hereditary 
 qualities, that our American horses are as unequivocally 
 thoroughbred, as are any of those English champions, whose 
 blood no one ever dreams of disputing, which go back, like that 
 of Eclipse himself, through Bustler or Rockwood, or many 
 others of equal renown, to an unknown dam or sire. 
 
 It will be observed, and it is not a little remarkable, how 
 very many of the earliest Virginia and Maryland importation 
 run through Partner, on the one hand, to Spanker and Span- 
 VoL. L— 9 
 
130 THE HORSE. 
 
 ker's dam, the White and Yellow D'Arcy Turks, the Selaby 
 Turk, and either the old Yintner or the Layton violet Barb 
 mares ; and, on the other, to the Godolphin Arabian, through 
 Regulus, Babraham, Juniper, Dormouse and others. I say it 
 is remarkable, because — after this blood had for very many 
 years been bred in this country, more or less, in and in — the 
 celebrated horse Sir Archy, son of imported Diomed and im- 
 ported Castianira, running back through his sire, his grandsire 
 riorizel, and his great grandsire Sir B^erod into precisely the 
 same strain of Partner blood, and through his grand-dam Tabi- 
 tha, into the same Babraham and Godolphin strain, seems to 
 have produced by a reinfusion of the selfsame original elements, 
 a new stock of unequalled excellence, of iron endurance, con- 
 stitution, speed and stoutness, which is hourly winning fresh 
 laurels on our own turf, and- is shortly, as it is understood, to 
 compete in the lists of fame, on the very courses whereon their 
 ancestors ran above a century ago, with their far-away kindred 
 of the ocean island. 
 
 From Virginia and Maryland, the racing spirit extended 
 itself rapidly into the Carolinas, wliere it has never to this day 
 flagged. The oldest race-courses in this country, which are yet 
 kept up for purposes of sport, are the I^ewmarket course, near 
 Petersburgh, Virginia, and the Washington course, near Charles- 
 ton, South Carolina ; at Alexandria, D. C, there was a Eace- 
 course early in the last century, and the courses in the neigh- 
 borhood of E-ichmond have been in existence above seventy 
 years. Not very long after this date, and previous to the Revo- 
 lutionary War, there were two race-courses on Long Island, in 
 the State of New York, one called Newmarket, near the centre 
 of Suffolk county, and the other near Jamaica in Queens county, 
 at both of which trials of speed were frequently had, but whether 
 there were meetings at stated intervals and for regular prizes is 
 not known ; it was not until about the commencement of the 
 present century, however, that what may be called race-courses 
 proper were established in New York ; tlie first club for the 
 promotion of the breed of horses by means of racing, taking date 
 from 1804, in which year the old Newmarket course was re- 
 modelled, and regular meetings with two and three-mile heats 
 were established.* 
 
 ♦ See Note § on page 139. 
 
EARLY EACES. 131 
 
 Long prior to this time, however, the improvement of the 
 breed of horses had created much interest in that State, and as 
 early as 1764 and 1765 two celebrated horses were imported — ■ 
 Wildair, by Cade, and Lath, by Shepherd's Crab — by Col. De- 
 lancy, of King's Bridge, who also imported the Cub mare, dam of 
 Mr. Gibson's Cub mare, killed on the course at Lancaster. Both 
 Wildair and Lath greatly distinguished themselves as sires, the 
 former was esteemed so valuable, that he was re-imported to 
 England. Another horse"'-' Sloven, said to be by Cub, is stated 
 by Skinner and by Edgar, on the faith of a pedigree signed 
 Jacob Adlie, to have been imported also into New York in 
 about 1764 ; he is not, however, to be found in the British stud- 
 book, Weatherby's ; and I am not aware that any of the greater 
 champions of the American turf trace their descent to Sloven. 
 
 Li North and South Carolina racing commenced with spirit, 
 second, if second, only to the date of its commencement in Yir- 
 ginia and Maryland. Flimnap, Sweeper and Toby, all horses 
 held in high estimation at the time, were imported between the 
 years 1760 and 1770 ; the former a grandson on both sides of 
 the Godolphin Arabian, and both the others tracing to the same 
 great progenitor, and to other ancestors scarcely of inferior note ; 
 the last named was imported by Col. Alston, of racing celebrity 
 in South Carolina. 
 
 Into Pennsylvania, which State has never shone particularly 
 on the racing turf, were brought two horses. Gray Northumber- 
 land, also called L-ish Gray, said to have been bred by Lord 
 Mazarine, and to have been a racer in high form, supposed 
 imported by Mr. Crow, and, about the same time. Old England, 
 pedigree also unknown, but supposed begot by Old England, 
 son of the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 To these must be given the credit of running one of the old- 
 est great American time races on record, so long ago as 1767, 
 against two other horses, one of whom, Selim, it is not easy to 
 identify, on account of there appearing to have been three of 
 the same name, covering nearly at the same time. I presume 
 he was the son of the imported horse Selim, by Othello, grand- 
 dam the large Hartley mare, described at page 55*of Edgar'a 
 stud-book, as imported in his mother's belly in 1753 ; this date 
 * See Notes * and f on page 148. 
 
132 THE HOKSE. 
 
 does not, however, exactly agree witli tlie ages of the horses as 
 recorded below. 
 
 In Yolume L, jjage 17, of the American Turf Register, I find 
 the following highly interesting letter ; 
 
 Marietta, June 26, 1836. 
 " Mr. Editor, 
 
 " Si?', — According to promise, you have an account of the 
 race run at Philadelphia in the year 1767, by Selim and other 
 horses. It is copied from the Maryland Gazette of Mr. Green, 
 October 22, 1767, by him taken from a Philadelphia paper. 
 
 " ' On Tuesday last, the following horses started for the 
 gentlemen's subscription purse of 100 guineas. 
 
 " ' Salnuel Galloway, Esq., bay horse Selim ... 11 
 
 " ' Mr. Leary's bay horse Old England . . . .2 dist. 
 
 " ' Mr. Samuel's bay horse Granby . . . . 3 dr. 
 
 *' ' Mr. Andrew Orr's gray horse Northumberland . . . dist. 
 
 " ' Tlie first heat was run in 8 min. 2 sec, Selim winning 
 from Old England by a single length. The second, after run- 
 ning three times round close at the heels of Selim, Old England 
 flew the course.' 
 
 " The standard was 10 stone. Selim was then eight years 
 old and carried 140 lbs. full weight. Old England and North- 
 umberland were both imported. 
 
 " It is believed that this running was never exceeded, if 
 equalled, in- this country. To form a correct judgment of the 
 speed of a horse, the weight carried must always be recollected. 
 If, as the old and experienced sportsmen say, seven pounds are 
 equal to a distance, wdiich is 240 yards, it follows that fourteen 
 pounds will make the difference of 480 yards, a space which 
 would consume 22 seconds at the rate of running at Philadel- 
 phia. Deduct this from 8 minutes and 2 seconds and it leaves 
 7.30, in which this race would have run if the standard had 
 been nine stone, 126 lbs. I have never seen an account of a 
 race where the four miles were run in 7.30 minutes in the United 
 States. 
 
 "Figure beat Selim in 1768, at Upper Marlborough, but 
 Selim was undoubtedly in bad condition, and had been lately 
 cured of distemper in the throat. He was certainly a capital 
 
SELIM AND SELIMA. 133 
 
 racer. I saw him beat the celebrated Silver Legs from Virginia 
 in the year 1772 at Alexandria, four miles and repeat. He was 
 then thirteen years old and Silver Legs only nine. 
 
 " With respect and esteem, 
 
 " G. Duval." 
 
 Without entering here into a consideration of the effects of 
 weight on speed, this is certainly a remarkable performance ; 
 but what is, perhaps, more remarkable, is that there is some 
 considerable difficulty in making out what this horse Selim can 
 be, unless, perhaps, it be Selim by imported Othello, dam by 
 imported Jolly Koger, grand-dam by imported Silver Eye, out 
 of an imported thoroughbred mare. 
 
 The imported horse English Selim was by another Othello, 
 also called Black and all Black ; but as he was not foaled 
 until 1753-4, it is hardly probable that he should have been 
 a foal-getter so early as 1759, unless he was never trained at all. 
 
 It is not stated of what color was Selim by imported Othello, 
 but the two* Selims by English Selim are both described as 
 bright bay horses. In the English stud-book, is a Selim by 
 Bajazet out of Miss Thigh, 1760, but I cannot find that he was 
 ever imported to America, although he is included in the stud- 
 book attached to Mason's Farrier, no authority given. 
 
 The Granby in question, I presume to have been a bay 
 horse, 15 hands 1 inch in height, foaled in 1762, by the imported 
 Belsize Arabian, dam by old Shock, grand-dam imported mare 
 by Cade, out of the Hartley mare, who covered in Philadelphia, 
 in the year following the race, 1768. 
 
 If not this horse — who must, if it be he, have run a five-year- 
 old against Selim aged — it must have been Wildman's Granby* 
 by Blank, Old Crab, Cyprus Arab, Commoner, Makeless, Brim- 
 mer, Dickey Pierson, Dodsworth Barb, Burton Barb Mare — 
 who was foaled in 1759, and would have consequently been eight 
 years old in the year of this race. I presume, however, it is 
 the horse first named who ran in 1767, as the English Granby 
 one would have expected to run better, unless he were sadly 
 degenerate from his illustrious ancestry. 
 
 The imported horse Selim* is said, by Edgar, to be out of the 
 beautiful dark chestnut mare imported from England, and called 
 Selim — Selima ? — who brought him to America in her belly, and 
 
 * See Notes :]:, §, and || on page 148. 
 
134 THE HORSE. 
 
 foaled liim in 1753 ; -which mare was by the Godolphin Ara- 
 bian out of the large Hartley mare, foaled about 1736. There is 
 evidently much confusion and difficnlty in all this matter. First, 
 it appears that but one mare named Selima has been imported 
 to America. She, got by the Godolphin Arab, was imported 
 into Maryland by Col. Tasker about 1750, and, as I have al- 
 ready recorded, was a celebrated winner in 1752. Therefore 
 she could not have been imported in 1752, with Selim in her 
 belly ; nor have foaled him in 1753. 
 
 Again, Col. Tasker's Selima* is not described, usually, as 
 out of the large Hartley mare, who was so distinguished a pro- 
 genitrix that such a pedigree would never have been overlooked 
 if it could have been made good ; nor, lastly, does it appear 
 from the English stud-book, which contains no filly Selima of 
 this date, that the large Hartley mare ever bore a chestnut filly 
 to the Godolphin Arabian ; certainly not in 1736, when she 
 brought Hartley's roan stallion to Hip ; nor any chestnut filly 
 at all in any year ; nor any filly to the Godolphin, except a bay 
 one in 1746. Furthermore, in the stock of the Godolphin, re- 
 corded at length in White's History of the British Turf, there is 
 no chestnut filly recorded by him out of any mare, nor any filly 
 out of either of the Hartley mares, except that named above, 
 and Merlin's dam, out of the little Hartley, in 1739. 
 
 I conclude, therefore, that there is some bad blunder in this 
 pedigree somewhere — the rather, that after stating in the first 
 line that he was a dark bay, foaled in 1753, imported in his 
 mother's belly, it states below that he was imported in 1752, 
 the very year in which Selima beat Tryall, and Jenny Cameron, 
 and that he was a capital racer, and died at twenty-seven years 
 of age. 
 
 It seems to me, taking every thing into consideration, that 
 the odds are that all the four horses in this remarkable race 
 were imported ; though if it be so, it is certainly not a little 
 remarkable that Mr. Duvall, in his letter quoted above, should 
 dwell on the fact that the beaten horses were imported, and 
 make no comment on the winner, and the third best runner. 
 
 By the account of the race given above, one is led to sup- 
 pose that in this year, 1767, there were regular meetings at 
 Philadelphia ; as the term, " the Gentlemen's Stakes," of one 
 
 * See Note ^f on page 148. 
 
ANTE-RE VOLUTION ART CRACKS. 135 
 
 liundred Guineas, with a standard of weights, undoubtedly savors 
 of established proceedings and a well supported race course ; 
 of latter years there has been no course for running horses in 
 the State of Pennsylvania, though the Hunting Park Course 
 has been long famous for its trotting ; and while there have 
 never, I believe, been any distinguished racing stables in that 
 State, its inhabitants have always been ardent supporters of 
 trotting, and purchasers, for the last quarter of a century, of 
 most of the cracks which have established their characters on 
 other courses. 
 
 To return to the Southern States, therefore, in which, as I 
 have observed, racing first took a firm root among the agricul- 
 tural gentry, who, in whatever climate or country, are always 
 more addicted to manly and exhilarating exercises, to field 
 sports, and to the encouragement of objects not merely utili- 
 tarian, than the dwellers of cities, who are apt to regard money 
 as the only true and legitimate pursuit ; we find that, in the 
 States named above— of Virginia, Maryland, and South" Caro- 
 lina — many racing stables were established, either previous or 
 immediately subsequent to the Revolution, not a few of which 
 are kept up by the descendants of the original foundei's to the 
 present day, with equal spirit and success. 
 
 In Virginia, Col, John Tayloe, Messrs. Hoomes, Selden, and 
 Johnson ; in Maryland, Governors Ogle, Eidgely, Wright, 
 Lloyd, and Sprigg, who, as it has been remarked, seemed by 
 their practice to acknowledge that the keeping up of a racing 
 stud was a portion of their gubernatorial duty ; and in South 
 Carolina, Messrs. Hampton, Washington, McPherson, Alston, 
 and Singleton, were as early, and have continued to be as con- 
 sistent and undeviating patrons of the American turf, as have 
 the Queensburys, Eutlands, Wyndhams,Bentincks, Fitzwilliams, 
 and other equally renowned turf names, been supporters of this 
 noble sport on the old English greensward. 
 
 From so early a date as that of the ante-revolutionary cracks 
 and champions, such as Celer, Traveller, Torick, Tryall, Ariel, 
 Partner, Marc Antony, Eegulus, Flag of Truce, Goode's Brim- 
 mer, Butler's Virginia I^ell, Bel Air, Calypso, Gray Diomed, 
 Cincinnatus, Virago, Shark, Black Maria, by Shark, Leviathan, 
 Gallatin, Fairy, Cup-bearer, Collector, Amanda, Ball's Florizel, 
 
136 THE HOESE. 
 
 Post Boy, Oscar, Hickory, Maid of the Oaks, Bond's First Con- 
 sul, Sir Archy, Potomac, Pacolet, Duroc, Hampton, Tnckahoe, 
 and others, the names of which alone would fill a volume, we 
 can easily bring down in these States — and the others colonized 
 from them, both with men and horses, sucli as Kentucky, Ten- 
 nessee, and more recently Alabama — one uninterrupted and 
 stainless succession of noble racers, to the day when the de- 
 scendants of Sir Archy, that veritable Godolphin Arabian of 
 the turf of America, began to show upon the course ; and when 
 the renown of American Eclipse began to call the attention of 
 the whole world, and of the mother country, most of all, whence 
 was derived that transcendent stock, which in all other coun- 
 tries has degenerated, but in this has continued to rival the 
 honors of its remotest ancestry by the performance of American 
 race-horses. 
 
 The English sires most renowned in post-revolutionary days, 
 until we come down to the present day of the Leviathans, Sar- 
 pedon's, Trustees, Priams, and G-lencoes, have been — 
 
 1st. Medley — Imported into Yirginia in 1783, by Gimcrack, 
 dam Arminda by Snap, out of Miss Cleveland by Eegulus ; 
 g. gr. dam Midge, by a son of Bay Bolton ; g. g. gr. dam, by 
 Bartlett's Childers ; g. g. g. gr. dam, by Honeywood's Arabian ; 
 g. g. g. g. gr. dam, the dam of the two True Blues. Gimcrack 
 was by Cripple, out of Miss Elliott, by Grisewood's Partner, 
 gr. dam Celia by Partner, g. gr. dam by Bloody Buttocks, g. g. 
 gr. dam by Greyhound, g. g. g. gr. dam Brocklesby Betty. 
 
 Cripple was by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Blossom by 
 Crab, gr. dam by Childers, out of Miss Belvoir, by Grantham. 
 
 Medley was one of the best sires ever imported into Amer- 
 ica. He got Atalanta, Bel Air, Boxer, Calypso, Gray Diomed, 
 Gray Medley, Lamplighter, the Opossum Filly, Pandora, Quick- 
 silver, Yirginia, and others — racers in a high form, and them- 
 selves the getters of racers. 
 
 2nd. Shake — Foaled in 17Y1, and imported into Yirginia, 
 by Marske, out of the Snap mare, gr. dam Wag's dam, by Marl- 
 borough, out of a natural Barb mare. 
 
 Marske, sire of Eclipse, was by Squirt, dam by Hutton's 
 Blacklegs, 2d dam by Bay Bolton, 3d dam by Foxcub, 4th dam 
 bv Coneyskins, 5th dam by Hutton's Gray Barb. 
 
DIOMED AND HIS GET, 137 
 
 Squirt was by Bartlett's Cbilders, dam by Snake, gr. dam 
 Grey Wilkes by Hautboy. Marlborougb was by the Godolpbin 
 Arabian, dam large Hartley mare. 
 
 Shark's most distinguished progeny are : Americus, Annette, 
 Black Maria, dam of Lady Lightfoot, Opossum, Shark, Virago, 
 and many others. 
 
 3d. DioMED — Foaled in 1777. Imported into Yirginia 1798. 
 He was by Florizel, dam by Spectator, gr. dam by Blank, g. gr. 
 dam by Childers, g. g. gr. dam Miss Belvoir, by Grey Grantham. 
 
 Florizel was by Herod, dam by Cygnet, gr. dam Cartouch, 
 g. gr. dam Ebony, by Childers, g. g. gr. dam old Ebony by Basto. 
 
 Herod was by Tartar, out of Cyj)ron, by Blaze, out of Se- 
 lima, &c., &c. — See table of Genealogy^ No. 2. 
 
 Diomed is probably the greatest sire of the greatest winner- 
 getters ever brought into this country. Had he got none but 
 Sir Archy, out of imported Castianira,* who brought him to 
 America in her belly — that renown alone would have been 
 more than enough ; for scarce a recent horse in England, unless 
 it be PotSo's, has so distinguished himself as a progenitor. 
 
 He begot ; Bolivar, Diana, Dinwiddle, Duroc, Florizel, Gal- 
 latin, Gracchus, Hamlintonian, Hampton, Hornet, King Herod, 
 Lady Chesterfield, Madison, Marske, Nettle-top, Peace-maker, 
 Potomac, Primrose, Sir Archy, Top-gallant, Truxton, Yirginius, 
 Wonder, and many others. Most of the horses named above 
 were the greatest runners of their day, and the getters of the 
 greatest racers and sires to the present time. Boston, probably 
 the very best horse that ever ran on American soil, was by 
 Timoleon, grandson of Sir Archy, the best son of Diomed ; 
 while Fashion, the very best mare that ever ran on this side 
 the water, by her dam, Boniiets of Blue, daughter of Keality, 
 was great-granddaughter of that same noble stallion ; and by 
 her grandsire Sir Charles, sire of Bonnets and son of Sir Archy, 
 was also his great-granddaughter, a second time, in the mater- 
 nal line. 
 
 4:th. Gabbeiel — Foaled 1790, imported into Yirginia, was 
 got by Dorimant, dam by Highflyer, gr. dam Snap mare, g. gr. 
 dam by Shepherd's Crab, g. g. gr. dam Miss Meredith by Cade, 
 g. g. g. gr. dam Little Hartley mare. 
 
 Dorimant was by Otho, dam Babraham mare, gr. dam Chiddy, 
 * See Note ** on page 148. 
 
138 . THE HOKSE. 
 
 by Hampton Court Childers, out of the Duke of Somerset's Bald 
 Charlotte. 
 
 Otho was by Moses, dam Miss Yernon by Cade, gr. dam b} 
 Partner, g. gr. dam by Bloody Buttocks, g. g. gr. dam bj 
 Greyhound, g, g. g. gr. dam by Makeless, g. g. g. g. gr. dam by 
 Brimmer, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Place's White Turk, g. g. g. g. 
 g. g. gr. dam by Dodsworth, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam Layton's 
 violet Barb mare. 
 
 Moses was by the Chedworth Foxhunter, dam by the Port- 
 land Arabian, gr. dam, the dam of the Duke of Bridge water's 
 Star, she by Eichard's Arabian. 
 
 Gabriel was brought into Virginia, and became, like the 
 preceding horses, very famous for the splendor of his get and 
 their great performances. 
 
 He got Oscar, Post Boy, and others. The former of whom, 
 dam by imp. Medley, bred by General Tayloe, is his most cele- 
 brated son. He was a good runner, and his blood tells in many 
 of our best modern stallions and mares, especially in the South- 
 ern States. 
 
 5th. Bedford — Foaled in 1Y92, imported into Yirginia. He 
 was got by Dungannon, dam Fairy, by Highflyer, gr. dam Fairy 
 Queen by Young Cade, g. gr. dam Routh's Black Eyes by Crab, 
 g. g. gr. dam the Warlock Galloway by Snake, g. g. g. gr. dam 
 Sister to the Carlisle Gelding by Bald Galloway, g. g. g. g. gr. 
 dam Wharton Mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk, g. g. g. g. g. gr. 
 dam by Bald Galloway, g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Byerly Turk. 
 Dungannon was by Eclipse ont of Aspasia, by Herod, gr. 
 dam Doris by Blank, g. gr. dam Helen by Spectator, g. g. gr. 
 dam Daplme by the Godolphin Arabian, g, g. g. gr. dam by 
 Fox, g. g. g. g. gr. dam by Childers, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam by 
 Makeless, g. g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam. Sister to Honeycomb Punch, 
 by the Taffolet Barb. 
 
 The year of Bedford's importation is not exactly known. 
 He was a great stallion, and there is hardly a family of liorses 
 in the Southern States which do not in some degree, more or 
 less, partake of his blood. He was a singularly formed horse — • 
 a rich bay — with a peculiar elevation on his rump, amounting 
 in appearance to an unsightliness, if not to an absolute deform- 
 ity. This mark, known as the Bedford Hump, he has transmit- 
 
BEDFORD AND HIS GEl. 139 
 
 ted to his posterity, and, whatever may have been the original 
 opinion as to its beauty, it has been worn by so many celebrated 
 winners, that it has come of late to be regarded as a fore- 
 shadowing of excellence, rather than a deformity. It has been 
 worn by Eclipse, Black Maria, her brother. Shark, Boston, Ar- 
 gyle, and many other horses of great note. 
 
 Bedford got ; ^olus, Cup-Bearer, Fairy, Lady Bedford, Lot- 
 tery, Nancy Air, Shylock, and others not inferior in repute. 
 
 On the first settlement of Tennessee, previous to its admission 
 as a State into the Union, the early settlers began taking with 
 them excellent stock from Virginia and Maryland, and the blood 
 of Janus, Jolly Roger, Morton's Traveller, Pacolet, and other 
 worthies of the olden times, still percolates in rich luxuriance 
 through the veins of their noble steeds. It has been always a 
 gallant and a sporting State ; and I feel proud and happy — the 
 rather that the history of the blood stock of Tennessee and of 
 the neighboring State of Kentucky is nearly identical — to be 
 allowed the opportunity of presenting to my readers a most 
 valuable memoir of the blood of its best equine families, con- 
 siderately and kindly compiled for me from his own memoranda 
 of old times, and from personal recollection of events, even 
 before General Jackson and his contemporaries were on the 
 turf, by a veteran turfman and a hereditary breeder, Mr. Wil- 
 liam Williams — to whom I take this occasion of tendering my 
 most grateful and respectful thanks. 
 
 EDITORIAL yOTES. 
 
 * (P. 126.) Spark, by Honeycomb Punch out of Wilkes' Old Hautboy mare, can 
 be found in the English Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 431, and in Bruce Stud-Book, Vol. 
 I., page 51. The pedigree, as given by Skinner, cannot be found in the English 
 Stud-Book. 
 
 f (P. 127.) Certificate of Colonel Tayloe, given in 1773, makes Jenny Cameron 
 by Cuddy (son of Fox) out of Mr. Willy's famous mare Cabbagewise ; neither can 
 be substantiated in English Stud-Book. 
 
 j^ (P. 128.) Various conjectures have arisen respecting the true pedigree of 
 Morton's Traveller. His dam had colt foals by Partner in 1734, '37, '40, '43, '45, 
 '46, and '47. She missed to Partner in 1742 and 1748. The pedigree is correct. 
 See Bruce Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 56. 
 
 § (P. 130.) A race-course was established at Charleston, S. C, in 1735, called the 
 York Course, over which horses ran. Some of the premiums were valued at £140. 
 
140 THE HORSE. 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF THE BLOOD-HORSE IN TENNESSEE. 
 
 Poplar Grotk, near Nashtille, Tenn. ) 
 March 20th, 1856. ) 
 
 Sir ; — 1 liad written to General Harding, in answer to his, 
 enclosing jonr circular ; and in answer to yours to me, refer to 
 my old memoranda, and make some additions. 
 
 The first settlers brought here some of their best stock from 
 Virginia and the Carolinas ; and Maclin had, as I am informed, 
 some Mexican mares, of the Spanish or Barb breed. 
 
 The early stallions, here, of the Janus family, were — Jupiter, 
 said to be a son, — Cross's ; Comet, Lewis's, son of Harry Hill's 
 Janus, and said to have a Marc Antony and Jolly Roger cross ; 
 Sterne, Blakemore's ; and Bowie's horse, who took his owner's 
 name, jn'onounced Biu-ey. His colts are said to have been un- 
 equalled as quarter-horses. Bom^^ard, by Obscurity, imported, 
 dam by Baylor's Fearnought ; Phoenix, by Yenetian, imj). dam 
 Zenobia by Don Carlos, from Maryland. Of the Fearnought 
 family — ^Eclipse, by Yirginia Eclipse, presumed Harris's — B. 
 Bosley ; "VVildair, son of Symme's AVildair — Weakley's, out of 
 a Fearnought ; and Bucephalus of a later period — Col. E. Ward. 
 Of the Medley family — Fitz Medley, who covered for a season 
 or two, and died in 1803-4 at I. Hooper's. Thus far from such 
 information as I credited. About 1800, Gray Medley was in 
 Sumner, Dr. Barry's — bred by Gov. Williams, ISTorth Carolina — 
 reputed high-bred, and was very game in appearance. He lived 
 to old age, and did good service ; Cook's Bel Air, by Tayloe's 
 
TENNESSEEAN BLOOD-HORSES. 141 
 
 Bel Air, dam hy Hickman's Independence ; and Hal cot's Bay. 
 Of the Celer family — McKinney's Roan, as I am informed, at 
 ,R. C. Foster's, about 1805 ; and Celer, J. ThomjDson's, out of a 
 Bel Air and Wildair, 1806. Coeur-de-Lion and Eoyalist, of tlie 
 most approved English breeds, were here, and did good service ; 
 the first died, ours, autumn 1809 — the last, spring 1814, Hal. 
 Cook's. He was imported to New York, sold to Kentucky, 
 brought here by Weakley & Co., probably sent South a season 
 or two, and brought back by Cook. Truxton, one of imj). 
 Diomed's best, was raised here by Gen. JacksoD, then covered 
 many seasons, and sent South, 1808. Wonder — Wilkes' — an- 
 other of Diomed's best, here, alternately in Sumner and Wil- 
 liamson. He got Oscar, a capital racer and very good stallion, 
 and died on the road, of colic, February 1815. Oscar was bred 
 by Parson H. Saunders, out of Rosy Clack, by Saltram ; brought 
 on the turf by Dr. Sappington, beat all competitors with ease, 
 put to covering several seasons, sold to Gen. Desha, and died, 
 his, November 1825. Dungannon in Sumner, and Yolunteer 
 in Rutherford, said to be imported when colts. I can't fix the 
 date. The first got some good stock. Brian O'Liun, 1811-12, 
 at J. Shute's. He was very pretty — got Stump the Dealer. 
 Dragon, of great celebrity in England, at Foster's, 1811-12, and 
 died, as I was informed, of a thigh broken by a kick ; got some 
 good stock. Tup, also at Foster's — whether before or after, I 
 can't say. He was by Javelin, and of good action, but blind, 
 and not much patronized. Collector, a season or two, and 
 though old, left some stock, and died of a fall on the ice, winter 
 1814. He was by Mark Antony out of Lady-legs, a most capi- 
 tal racer, and got Snap-Dragon. Boaster, imj)., two or three 
 seasons — ^fine coat and good form — and died 1819, 1 think, at J. 
 Harding's. Pacolet — a gray, and very beautiful — got by Citi- 
 zen, imp., out of Epp's mare, dam of Wonder, was brought 
 here to beat Maria — Hayne's. He did not do that, nor would 
 any other horse, brought here, have done it, for she had beaten, 
 with ease, all rivals, and was by Diomed, imp. ; her dam a very 
 high-formed mare by Bel Air. He was then advertised by J. 
 Jackson and T. Chiklers, and under the immediate supervision 
 of J. W. Clay, after some years, sent South ; where his sons, 
 Brushy-mountain, out of a Wonder, and Cumberland, out of 
 
142 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Jackson's Daredevil mare, distinguished themselves. Col. Elliott 
 brought him back to Sumner, where he stood until his death, 
 October, 1825. He got also — Murphy's Pacolet, out of a Coeur-, 
 de-Lion, Jerry, and the very distinguished Morgiana, out of 
 Black Sophia, by Top-gallant, son of Gallatin, "Williamson's 
 Pacolet, Massena, out of a Ragland Diomed, and the brothers, 
 Messieurs Tonson, Sir Richard, Henry, and Champion, out of tlie 
 line of Boswell Johnson's mare, Yirginia-bred, and stated by him 
 to be full-bred. Tonson beat every thing here of his day, and 
 afterward beat, at Boydton, the celebrated Sally Walker, against 
 all Col. W. R. Johnson's skill and management. Richard was 
 the most beautiful horse that could be led on a show ground, 
 and a good racer at light weight, and very game, but rather 
 delicate. The two last were colts of form and substance, but 
 not so good or so fortunate as their elder brothers. Pacolet 
 died at Col. Elliott's stables, October, 1825. Suwarrow, from 
 Kentucky, with, or a little before, Pacolet — ^pretty and higli 
 bred — and Barksdale's Gray Diomed, in very good form ; Sec- 
 ond Diomed, also fine ; Eagland's Diomed, Constitution and 
 Diomedon, and another Wonder — Hix's — in Williamson, and 
 others of less note. Contemporary with these, was Bagdad, 
 sold by the Minister to England from Tripoli to George Bar- 
 clay ; exported to New York, and brought here in 1823, witli a 
 certificate, in the French language, asserting his pure Arabian 
 blood ; died February, 1836, and left some good stock, more 
 remarkable for speed than bottom. Contemporary with him, 
 of the Sir Archy stock, stood, at Sumner's, Gray Archy, Timo- 
 leon, and Pacific ; at Col. Elliott's, Napoleon ; and at Parson 
 Cryer's, Stockholder and Crusader ; Rattler in Rutherford ; 
 Contention in Williamson ; Sir William and Arab I saw, in 
 Nashville, but have no memoranda to show where they were 
 stationed ; and Carolinian, one season at Nashville, with others 
 of less distinction. Stockholder and Pacific were, I think, the 
 favorites. The first got Betsy Malone, and others I can't name ; 
 the last got Red-doe, Pactolus, &c., for Sumner ; and he got, 
 for Gen. Harding, the very distinguished mare Gamma, in very 
 high form, and her brother, Epsilon, thought to be better ; but 
 meeting with an accident in a private trial, he was put to cover- 
 ing, and is producing good runners. Indeed, in him the beauty 
 
THE TONSON FAMILY. 143 
 
 of Richard and the strength of Pacific are combined in an emi- 
 nent degree. The Sir Archy's bring me down to the later im- 
 portations, and as Gen. Harding is more conversant with them, 
 I will close with the remark, that Leviathan, imp. by J. Jack- 
 son, has got more first-rate racers than any other horse since 
 Sir Archy ; that Glencoe, not often, but sometimes, when the 
 cross hits, gets a capital racer, especially at long distances, 
 and that Priam, of Merritt & Co.'s importation, was the most 
 superb large horse I ever saw. Citizen, imp. to Kortli Carolina 
 by Gen Carney, had more accurate proportions and higliei 
 finish — a more game Arabian look and carriage, than any native 
 or imported that I ever had the pleasure to look upon. Pacolet 
 had the Arabian air, but wanted something of his sire's finish 
 in the shoulder. Yet his proud and lofty bearing sustained him 
 in competition with the best English horses here of his day — ■ 
 viz ; Boaster, fine ; Eagle, 1821-2, large and grand — and the 
 very best Yirginia-breds. He imparted symmetry, and finish, 
 and game, and fine temper to his stock. Pacific, got also John 
 Dawson, his dam by Gray Archy, gr. dam sister to Brushy 
 Mountain. He was a superb, large horse, and a good runner, 
 and splendid on parade. 
 
 N. Swiss was one season at Sumner's with Pacific, and 
 O'Kelly was in l^ashville, about 1835. Most probably there 
 were others, not found in this communication, that have been 
 here or in adjoining counties, that have had some infiuence. 
 Conqueror, fine and well-bred, here and in Williamson, ought 
 not to be omitted, though I can't fix the time. Bluster, im- 
 ported, here 1826, in Williamson 1827-8, and died there after 
 the season. Yours, &c., 
 
 Will. Williams. 
 
 Poplar Grote, near Nashtille, Tenn. 
 March 25, 1856. 
 
 \ 
 
 Sir ; — On reading over the above, I observe that what I 
 have said seems to assert the Tonson family were out of Boswell 
 Johnson's Yirginia-bred, when I meant they were traced to her. 
 Tlie pedigree — b. c. Sir John, got by Pacolet, dam b. by Top- 
 gallant, gr. dam ch. ro., or gray, by Gray Medley out of John- 
 son's Yirginia-bred, stated by him to be a full-bred mare. Bos- 
 well, if I mistake not the name, was brother to Chapman 
 
144: THE HORSE. 
 
 Johnson, and a man of intelligence ana respectability. Elliott 
 used to say the Gray Medley mare was a sort of milk and cider 
 color. Cryer bought either her or the Top filly at Johnson's 
 sale. Foxall, an Englishman, and, I am inclined to think, a 
 Yorkshireman, married Cryer's widow, and brought Sir John 
 Richard on the turf, with the aid of Elliott and "Williams. 
 When Sir John became a winner, his name was changed to 
 Monsieur Tonson, and his dam took the name of Madame Ton- 
 son, Top-gallant was a very fine horse, bred in Georgia. His 
 pedigree runs — Got by Gallatin, dam by Wildair, Black and all 
 Black. By "Wildair we of the South and South-west mean the 
 son of Fearnought out of Kitty Fisher, Col. Symmes' horse, 
 and not the Maryland Wildair, Sims' horse, son of Delancy's 
 imp. Wildair. By Black and all Black, was probably meant 
 Skipwith's horse, son of imp. Brunswick. As to Brimmer, my 
 father bought Eclipse, about the close of the Revolution, of Col. 
 Harris, and he stated that Eclipse was the sire of Col. Goode's 
 Brimmer, confirmed by a circumstantial statement in one vol- 
 ume of the American Turf Register, though it is briefly stated, ' 
 in another volume, that Brimmer was by Yaliant. Having 
 thus rectified and explained — I have learned from Dr. Robert- 
 son that his father, the old General, brought here the first 
 thoroughbred — he Ihinks called Why-not — from Maryland ; my 
 note says — by Fearnought, dam by Othello, about 1788. He 
 says his father and others, then and afterward, had many 
 Spanish mares. Add to my preceding list, about 1815-16 — 
 Highlander imp,, a finely formed white, small, but excejjt a 
 bad ear, well-finished ; and Cliilders, a gray, imp. — neither 
 much patronized- -and Doublehead, b. by Diomed, his dam. 
 Major Park said, was a Fearnought and Janus. Park bought 
 the Bel Air mare, dam of Hayne's Maria, to breed to him, and 
 I sold him the Wildair mare, dam of Orion by Stirling, for the 
 same purpose. After all, I may have forgotten, or never known, 
 some good stallions in middle Tennessee. 
 
 If your object be a general stud-book and sporting maga- 
 zine, then permit me to say, that Jolly Roger — Roger of the 
 Vale, in England, imp. to Yirginia in 1748 — according to the 
 opinion of men conversant in such matters, was distinguished 
 among the early importations ; that Janus, ch. by Janus, Old 
 
DISTINGUISHED STALLIOXS. 145 
 
 Fox, Bald Galloway, produced the fleetest, then and since 
 known, as qnarter-liorses — quarter-mile racers. In my early boy- 
 hood, I saw, at Col. John Dawson's, Fabricius, a brown, by old 
 Janus, dam by Partner, Jolly Eoger, Mary Gray — very line. 
 A little later, I saw old Mark Antony in the stable of Peter 
 Morgan, sheriff of Halifax County, N. C. He was very dark 
 brown, almost a black, the bay color visible on the muzzle and 
 flank. I do not know that I ever saw a horse in higher form, 
 except, perhaps. Citizen. Mark greatly improved the stock. 
 And old Fearnought and his sons, and Mark Antony, brought 
 the turf horse to a high state of perfection. Brimmer and Col- 
 lector, with as good training, Avere, perhaps, equal to the good 
 ones of the present day. Shark and Medley then came along, 
 both capital, and both produced game stock. About 1790 to 
 1794, I frequently saw Celer, by Janus, dam Mead's Aristotle 
 mare. He was highly finished, and gave both speed and bot- 
 tom. Bel Air and Gray Diomed, I saw early in the present 
 century ; both very fine, and left good stock. Then old ch. 
 Diomed, who had no equal, nor any thing like a parallel, for 
 the number and excellence of his sons, since Fearnought. Con- 
 temporary and Bedford got good stock at light weights, espe- 
 cially Gallatin, &c. And Spread Eagle, good, especially at 
 high weights, got Maid of the Oaks, &c. Then Citizen, im- 
 ported 1803, about 18 yrs. old — as elastic and lively as a colt, 
 and approaching perfection nearer than any horse I ever saw — 
 did good service, and his descendants, especially Pacolet and 
 his stock, were, and yet are, held in high estimation for beauty, 
 finish, and game. Sir Archy was foaled in 1805, and died, as I 
 have understood, 27 yrs. old ; some make him equal to his sire, 
 and other sportsmen and breeders give him the preference. Of 
 the modern importations, I will only say : Leviathan stands 
 next to Sir Archy ; that Glencoe gets some very superior racers, 
 especially at long distances ; and that Priam w^as a j^rince 
 among the chiefest. 
 
 Of the trotters I say nothing. Of the rackers I say that 
 Tliomas E. Tumner, of Warren, IST. C, about 1790, imported 
 from Karragansett Bay, a light ch. in color and form, called 
 Free and Easy, and as was his name so was his pace. His like 
 I have not since seen. His owner, in a ride from Halifax to 
 Vol. I.— 10 
 
146 THE HORSE. 
 
 "Warrenton, after tlio season, permitted him to go too freely, and 
 he died in consequence. Afterward Ranger, dark cli., and of 
 good substance, was brought from tlie same district of country, 
 by Sam. Williams, I think, of Warren. Here I shall name only 
 old Copper-bottom ; he was a cli. ro., brought hither, old, from 
 Kentucky, stood three seasons, and died about 1846. His sire 
 or grand-sire is said to have been a Canadian, and his dam well- 
 bred. They, his colts, commanded high prices for the saddle. 
 
 Pedigrees in the South, j^i'ior to the issuing of the Turf 
 Register, depended on manuscripts or memory, and thence fol- 
 lowed transpositions and sometimes errors. Timoleon, one of 
 Sir Archy's best, was a horse of great size, correct proportions 
 and finish, good even to the hoofs, without apparent adulter- 
 ation — dam by Saltram, imp. ; "Wildair, Symmes' ; Fellow, imp. ; 
 Driver ; Yampire, imp. There are many Drivers, and we are 
 not informed which ; and as to Fellow, he has been said to have 
 been a cart-horse, imported to South Carolina. According to 
 Lawrence, no three parts bred, was ever known to go the dis- 
 tance •, and, as I believe with him, that full-blood, at least, is 
 necessary to enable a horse to go the distance in competition 
 with those purely bred, therefore, I have supposed Fallow to be 
 a misprint, for Fellow, by Cade, foaled in 1757, and said to have 
 been imported ; Vampire, foaled the same year. Of Stockhold- 
 er's- pedigree, we have had several versions ; the last edition 
 says — got by Sir Archy, dam by Citizen, imp. ; Stirling, imp. ; 
 Mousetrap — said to be English Jack Rap, imp. ; Eclipse ; Fear- 
 nought, imp. ; Apollo ; Janus, imp. ; Partner — Moore's — imp. , 
 Silver Eye, imp. ; Jolly Roger, imp., out of Mary Gray, imp. 
 It may be true to Fearnought, and it is j^robalile that Partner, 
 was not Moore's, but the son of Traveller out of Selima, or 
 Janus, or Silver Eye, or possibly two of those may stand before 
 Jolly Roger in the pedigree, and close with Mary Gray. She 
 is said to have been foaled 1742-4 by Roundhead out of Ring- 
 bone, and to have brought several fillies to Jolly Roger. 
 Moore's Partner was probably bred between 1774 and 1776. 
 Grizewood's in 1731. As to Silver Eye, I can neither find him 
 in Weatherby nor Pick. I think, in the American Turf Kegis* 
 ter, he is said to be by the Cullen Arabian.* 
 
 * See Note f f on page 148. 
 
OBITUAKT OF STALLIONS. 
 
 147 
 
 OBITUARIES. 
 
 Ch. Janus, imp., died about . 
 
 Fearnought, b., imp., died about 
 
 Eclipse, native, b., died about 
 
 Oeler, native, ch. " " 
 
 Hark Antony, br., " " 
 
 Shark, imp., br., " " 
 
 Medley, gr., imp., " " . 
 
 Spread Eagle, b., imp., " 
 
 Gray Diomed " " . 
 
 Messenger, gr., imp., died . 
 
 Ch. Diomed, imp., died - 
 
 Coeur-de-Lion, imp., died . 
 
 Dragon, ch., of a kick, . 
 
 Wonder, ch., February, on the road, of 
 
 Boaster, b., imp., autumn, 
 
 Pacolet, gr., October, of colic, 
 
 Oscar, br., November, of colic, 
 
 Eagle, b., imp., . 
 
 Constitution, summer, . 
 
 Bluster, imp., autumn, 
 
 Buzzard, ch., imp., 
 
 Sir Archy, about 
 
 colic 
 
 
 
 Trs. old 
 
 1780, 
 
 Va., 
 
 33. 
 
 1*776, 
 
 Va., 
 
 26. 
 
 1790, 
 
 Va., 
 
 20. 
 
 1802, 
 
 N. C, 
 
 28. 
 
 1793-4 
 
 , N. C, 
 
 32-3. 
 
 1796, 
 
 Va., 
 
 25. 
 
 1799, 
 
 Va., 
 
 23. 
 
 1805, 
 
 Ky., 
 
 13. 
 
 1806, 
 
 N. C, 
 
 20. 
 
 1808, 
 
 N. Y., 
 
 28. 
 
 1808, 
 
 Va., 
 
 31. 
 
 1809, 
 
 
 20. 
 
 1812, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 25. 
 
 1815, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 15. 
 
 1819, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 24. 
 
 1825, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 17. 
 
 1826, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 11. 
 
 1827, 
 
 Ky., 
 
 30. 
 
 1827, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 22. 
 
 1828, 
 
 Tenn., 
 
 20. 
 
 1811, 
 
 Ky., 
 
 24. 
 
 1833, 
 
 N.C., 
 
 32, 
 
 I have had the ahove on such authority as I credited at the 
 time, and think tliem correct, or nearly so. Obituary lists are 
 not only a matter of curiosity, but serve to detect forgeries in 
 some cases. 
 
 Citizen, and Mark Antony, and Celer, and Bel Air, and 
 Gray Diomed, and Pacolet, were, in point of fact, nearer the 
 Arabian, and approximated nearer the heau ideal^ than any of 
 the importations at the close of the last or commencement of 
 the present century. They are, to my taste, Turk. The Dio- 
 meds, the Archys, the Leviathans, were remarkable for size 
 and stride ; but if among them you found a beauty, you had to 
 look to the dam, viz. ; "Wonder, dam by Tippoo Saib, son of 
 Lindsay's Arabian ; Second Diomed, gray, dam by Clockfast ; 
 Barksdale's Gray Diomed, who, through Brimmer and Polly 
 Flaxen, united the Godolphin and Darley Arabians ; John 
 Dawson, a bay — a superb, large horse, got by Pacific — had by 
 his dam a Gray Medley, a Pacolet, and two Tippoo Saib crosses. 
 Ife was a good one on the turf under bad management, and 
 
148 THE HORSE 
 
 took a premium at an agricultural show ; and had be been 
 trained by Williams, and kept and sustained by Elliott, as a 
 stallion, be would, in all probability, have distinguished himselt 
 in both capacities. I do not know what became of him ; but I 
 do know he might have stood by Eagle and Dragon, and not 
 suffered by the comparison. 
 
 Will. Williams. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 131.) Sloven is said to have been imported about 1767 or '68, was by Cub, 
 dam by the Bolton Starling — Sister to Amelia by Godolphin Arabian — Childers— 
 Bonny Black, a daughter of Black Hearty. The pedigree cannot be traced in the 
 EngUsh Stud-Book. 
 
 \ (P. 131.) This pedigree, as given by Edgar, cannot be correct for the Large 
 Hartley mare, a roan colt in 1736, which was known as Hartley's roan stallion 
 by Hip. 
 
 :]: (P. 133.) One of the Seluns was an Arabian, the other byBajazet dam Miss 
 Thigh. 
 
 § (P. 133.) This is the horse Granbj", called also Marquis of Granby. 
 
 I (P. 133.) This is a spurious pedigree. Selim was foaled 1759 by imp. Othello, 
 dam imp. Selima by the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 ^ (P. IS-!.) Tasker's Sehma, b. f., was foaled 1746 by the Godolphin Arabian, 
 dam Large Hartley mare by his blind horse. Many of the very best horses in 
 the country are descended from her. See Bruce Stud-Book, Vol. I., page 118; 
 or English Stud-Book, Yol. L, page 87. 
 
 ** (P. 137.) Castianira was imported in 1799. She could not have brought Sir 
 Archy to America in her belly, as she produced one filly by imported Mufti before 
 him. Sir Archy was foaled in 1805. Diomed was imported in 1799. 
 
 fl (P. 146.) FaUower was imported into South Carolina in 1766 by Blank, dam 
 by Partner, 2d dam by Bloody Buttocks, 3d dam by Greyhound, &c., &c. Fellow, 
 a ch. h., foaled 1757, was also imported into America. He was by Cade, dam by 
 Duke of Bolton's Goliah, 2d dam by Partner, 3d dam by Turk, &c., &c. 
 
HISTOEY 
 
 OF THE BLOOD HORSE IN NEW YORK. 
 
 Henky W. Herbert, Esq. 
 
 Dea?' Sir ; — A short time since, I received a letter from a 
 raucli esteemed friend — the Hon. John A. King — covering one 
 from you to him, making inquiries in relation to blood-horses 
 and course-racing, which he seemed to think I could answer 
 better than himself. Although ray pursuits may have caused me 
 to examine more critically, and think more deeply on the sub- 
 jects of inquiry, yet my ability to place on paper suitably facts 
 and ideas is so immeasurably inferior to his, that though I may 
 possibly communicate more information, it will probably be 
 much less interesting than if furnished by his more ready and 
 gifted pen. Be this, however, as it may be, I will endeavor to 
 give such information as best I can; first premising that, 
 although particularly interested in the blood-liorse, and having 
 witnessed most of the important races in this vicinity for more 
 than half a century, I have few records, except those which are 
 common to the whole country — the S2:)orting periodicals of the 
 last thirty years. Indeed, so indefatigable have been the edi- 
 tors of those journals, that I presume the name and character of 
 every distinguished horse of the whole country may be found 
 within these pages. From these and other sources, you will 
 obtain information of many of which I know little, while I will 
 endeavor to name tliose, which formerly gave character to the 
 stock of the North. 
 
150 THE nORSE. 
 
 It is well known tliat, at a very earlj day in our history,, 
 frequent importations of horses were made, but, it is believed, 
 without any particular reference to blood. For some time, 
 however, previous to the Revolution, a spirit of emulation ex- 
 isted in these colonies, and the thoroughbred horse became an 
 object of interest. Among the earliest of our importations, 
 which laid a foundation, broad and deep, of the racing stock of 
 the ]^orth, were Wildair and the Cub mare, in 1763, by Mr. 
 Delancy. Soon after came Sloven, in 1765 ; Figure, in 1766 ; 
 Lath, in 1768, and Whirligig in 1773. All these contributed 
 more or less to our racing-stock ; but to Bashaw the produce of 
 "Wildair and the Cub mare, foaled shortly after their arrival in 
 this country, and to Figure are we mainly indebted for placing 
 us on an equality, at least, with earlier and much more exten- 
 sive breeders at the South. In the latter part of the last century, 
 and the very beginning of this, a number of superior stallions 
 were imported, which, standing at moderate prices, greatly im- 
 proved the general stock of the country. Among these may 
 be mentioned. Slender, in 1785 ; Messenger, in 1786 ; Bajazet'" 
 and Highlander, in 1794 ; Light Infantry and Sourcrout, about 
 the same time ; Baronet, in 1795 ; Alexanderf in 1797 ; and 
 Expedition, in 1802. All of these made a favorable change in the 
 racing and road-stock of the l^orth. But immeasurably superior 
 to all others W' as Messenger, and take him all in all, unquestion- 
 ably the best horse ever brought to America. He not only 
 produced race-horses of the first order, both at long and short 
 distances, but as roadsters his get was unequalled. Well do I 
 remember him when standing at the stable of Townsend Cock, 
 in this county. His large bony head, rather short straight neck, 
 with windpipe and nostrils nearly twice as large as ordinary, 
 with his low withers, and shoulders somewhat upright, but 
 deep, close, and strong. But behind these lay the perfection 
 and power of the machine. His barrel, loin, hips, and quarters 
 w^ere incomparably superior to all others. His hocks and knees 
 were unusually large ; below them his limbs were of medium 
 size, but flat, strong and remarkably clean, and, either in stand- 
 ing or in action, their position was perfect. 
 
 Baronet, too, left his mark on our stock ; of all the importa- 
 tions, none equalled him in elegance and finish. And at a later 
 * S^e Note * on page 155. f See Note f on page 155. 
 
• COURSE-KACING AT THE NORTH. 151 
 
 period, wlien liis get and that of Messenger mingled, it was tlie 
 abiding hope of the breeder to obtain the fine forehand, rich 
 color, and perfect symmetry of a Baronet, with the speed, power, 
 and will of a Messenger. Light Infantry and Expedition were 
 horses of similar character, possessing great beauty of form and 
 elegance of action. Both contributed essentially to the general 
 improvement, and in several instances their get obtained dis- 
 tinction on the turf. 
 
 Of later importations — Phoenix, in 1803 ; Bussorah, in 1819 ; 
 Koman, in 1823 ; Barefoot, in 1828 ; Hedgeford, in 1832 ; Autocrat, 
 in 1831 ; Trustee, in 1835 — several have produced at least one 
 of great excellence — Trustee, the wonder, Fashion ; Roman, a 
 Treasurer ; Barefoot, a Clara Howard ; and Hedgeford, a Duane 
 — but their many failures under favorable circumstances, at 
 least suggest the inquiry, whether the dam has not quite as 
 mucli, if not more to do in the production of these isolated cases 
 of superior excellence, as the sire. 
 
 Of Bussorah and other Arabians which have been imported, 
 although evidently great pains have been bestowed on their 
 selection, it is admitted that none have added essentially to the 
 value of our stoct. Bussorah possessed great beauty, was of 
 approved pedigree, and free from any particular defects of form, 
 consequently great hopes were entertained of his usefulness ; 
 but, after experimenting for a great length of time with liim 
 and others, the conclusion has become irresistible that a horse, 
 to insure superiority either in performance or production, must 
 not only be perfect in pedigree, and passably good in his shapes, 
 but possess that hi2:h and commanding form which gives ex- 
 ceeding power, while at the same time it insures ease of action. 
 
 With regard to the commencement of course-racing at the 
 North, I am not ^particularly informed. But previous to the 
 Revolution there existed, near the centre of the county, a pub- 
 lic course, called ll^ewmarket ; and also one at Jamaica, called 
 Beaver Pond ; at both of which trials of speed frequently took 
 place, but whether at regular intervals is not known. As early 
 as 1800, courses existed at Albany, Poughkeepsie, and Harlem, 
 in this State, on which purses, from one to four-mile heats, were 
 contended for. It is believed, however, that until 1801, no reg- 
 ularly organized club existed here. In this year an associa- 
 
152 THE HORSE. 
 
 tion, principally of Long Island ag-riculturists, was formed for 
 five years ; the old ISTewmarket Course was remodelled, and 
 purses given, in May and October of each year, for four, tliree, 
 and two-mile beats. At tlie expiration of tlie live years, find- 
 ing it difficult to raise sufficient funds, or enforce regulations on 
 an nnenclosed course, tbe same gentlemen reorganized tlie so- 
 ciety, and established an enclosed course, giving it the same 
 name, about a mile north of the former. It is worthy of re- 
 mark, that on these courses, at an early day, some of those 
 horses, whose efforts and characters are still most distinguished 
 in our State and country, made their first entry. On the former, 
 Tippoo Sultan, Ilambletonian, Bright Phoebus, Miller's Dam- 
 sel, and Empress, obtained their first laurels, to be variously 
 M'orn in this and another field of usefulness. Sultan, after a 
 continued series of victories on the turf, went into the breeding- 
 stud with his flag flying at the pinnacle, there to droop, and 
 finally trail in the dust. Hambletonian, with varied success as 
 a racer, as a stallion became distinguished for the elegance and 
 finish, as well as speed and endurance of his get, for the saddle, 
 harness, and trotting-course. Phoebus, though a good one, 
 failed to repose on the elevated platform which his jjedigree, 
 fine appearance, and early performance induced his friends to 
 erect. The wreath so deservedly bestowed on the two most 
 magnificent fillies that ever graced the JSTorthern turf, now 
 faded and now bloomed, nntil the performances of Eclipse, the 
 son of one, and of Ariel, the grand-daughter of tlie other, added 
 roses whose enduring perfume, while it incites to future struggles 
 for victory, M-ill ever tend to tem^^er the ardor of exultation or 
 soothe the anguish of defeat. 
 
 As evidence that the renown obtained on this course was 
 fairly won, it is only necessary to state that Messrs. Bond and 
 Hughs, of Philadelphia — whose liberality, judgment, and skill 
 in procuring, training, and managing their horses, was scarcely 
 second to that of Colonel Johnson and Tayloe — regularly at- 
 tended here, with their stable, at the head of which was First 
 Consul, then confessedly among the very best of the Soutli. 
 
 On the latter course. Cock of the Bock and Eclipse first 
 gave evidence of those powers which conducted the one to 
 
THE " UNION COURSE," 153 
 
 eminence ; tlie other, b j an unbroken succession of victories, to 
 his last glorious triumph. 
 
 While racing continued with regularity at l^ewmarket, the 
 course at Harlem was also kept up ; and for a short period, one 
 was established at Powle's Hook, in Kew Jersey, opposite New 
 York city. But not until 1819 did the citizens of New York 
 manifest a just appreciation of the exciting and healthful amuse- 
 ment. In this year an association was formed, principally of 
 citizens, and a course established at Bath, in the county of 
 Kings, on Long Island, and races held there for two seasons. 
 The location, however, not proving satisfactory, in 1821 the 
 same association purchased a plot of ground in Queens County, 
 eight miles from Brooklyn, enclosed it, and under the title of 
 the " Union Course," largely increased the amount of purses, 
 and placed racing on a more elevated and permanent footing 
 than heretofore. In 1828, an association of gentlemen estab- 
 lished a course in Dutchess County, near Poughkeepsie, gave 
 liberal purses, and had well-conducted and good racing for 
 several years. In 1838, individual enterprise established the 
 Beacon Course at Hoboken, New Jersey, opposite New York 
 city. Great expense was incurred in grading and making suit- 
 able erections. Large purses were given, and for a time its 
 easy access from the city rendered it exceedingly popular. 
 
 The foregoing are believed to be all the courses, of any con- 
 siderable note, that have existed in this State or adjacent ; and 
 it is somewhat remarkable, that within the last ten or fifteen 
 years, all have been abandoned except in Queens County, L. L, 
 and here principally kept up by the trotting fraternity, with 
 occasional exhibitions of the noblest amusement that ever stirred 
 the blood or engaged the mind of man. Indeed the people 
 seem to be instinctively drawn to a count^T- which has ever been 
 the focus of racing, as well as the field of successful breeding. 
 Many of the very best racers, as well as trotters, have been 
 reared within her limited borders, and scarcely a stallion of any 
 eminent standing at the North, but has held his court within 
 her precincts. Evincing, also, the spirit and liberality of her 
 ])eople, and not irrelevant to the subject of this discursive com- 
 munication, is the fact that about the year 1T98 or '99, a hunting- 
 club was formed by gentlemen of the Island ; a pack of hounds 
 
154 THE IIOESE. 
 
 obtained, and located about four miles east of Jamaica, and as 
 l^articularly indicative of the spirit and emulation whicli char- 
 acterized its members, six of their number agreed to send to 
 England and import each a horse expressly for the saddle. 
 Among the most successful of these was Richard Smith, Esq., 
 of Suffolk County, who in old " Royal George," obtained the 
 very heau ideal of a hunter. Many amusing anecdotes were 
 related by this liberal, high-toned, but facetious gentleman, of 
 indulging his amateur friends from the city with a ride on his 
 favorite, who was perfectly docile and quiet by the side of the 
 cover ; but the moment the game was roused and the pack gave 
 tongue, no ordinary arm could restrain, nor fence nor furze ap- 
 parently impede him, until he had arrived in their midst, where 
 he was satisfied quietly to continue. 
 
 I am unwilling, my dear sir, to close this communication 
 without the endeavor to place on record in juxtaposition, the 
 names and characters of unquestionably the best three race- 
 horses ever bred in this State. They were on the turf at difier- 
 ent periods, but each in his day was as confessedly superior to 
 all others at the ]>rorth, as in intellectual endowments was Web- 
 ster in Massachusetts, Clay in Kentucky, and Calhoun in Caro- 
 lina. I allude to Mr. VanEanst's Potomac, Tippoo Sultan, and 
 American Eclipse. The first a son, the other two grandsons, 
 of Messenger. Potomac foaled in 1796, Sultan in 1800, Eclipse 
 in 1814. Each ran about an equal number of races, and neither 
 was ever beaten. Of Potomac's races several were short, but 
 never from choice ; his friends being confident he was the fast- 
 est, but perfectly certain he was the gamest horse then on the 
 turf, whenever an opponent offered, exerted themselves to ex- 
 tend the distance and increase the stake, but in every case 
 closed with the best proposition they could obtain. The result 
 invariably proved the correctness of their judgment. 
 
 Often have I listened to the discussions of Mr. Yan Panst 
 and my late father, Major William Jones — of whom it may be 
 said, that from early manhood up to more than fourscore years 
 of age, he was never without a race-horse in his stable — relative 
 to the respective merits of the two horses for whom they enter- 
 tained so great a geographical as w^ell as pecuniary interest. 
 Neither could resist the conclusion that Eclipse was the supe 
 
<J 
 
 
TIPPOO SULTAN. 155 
 
 rior, but both agreed that Potomac had the most speed, and in 
 the endeavor to lix the point in a four-mile heat, where Eclipse 
 would pass him, they confessed themselves at fault, for in all 
 his trials, and in all his races, he was never known to falter. 
 
 Sultan triumphed over all his rivals except Damsel ; owing 
 to various causes they never met. Had they done so, both in 
 condition, the contest would have been severe and the result 
 doubtful. But this could scarcely have happened, for Damsel 
 was so constitutionally timid and excitable, that the moment 
 she was brought near a public course or stable, she would refuse 
 her feed, and consequently was rarely if ever in order. 
 
 All these three horses were of similar form and character- 
 istics, and all of large size — Sultan highest on the leg, and of at 
 least twelve inches more stride. Their great superiority arose 
 from their exceeding power over the loin and in the hind quar- 
 ters, combined with a deep and capacious chest, allowing free 
 play to the lungs, and a windpipe and nostril which enabled 
 them to inhale and consume with ease a much larger quantity 
 of air than most others. 
 
 I have thus, my dear sir, answered joiw several inquiries to 
 the best of my ability ; and I sincerely regret that a lack of 
 memoranda and record prevents my giving more detailed and 
 specific information on a subject which will always possess for 
 me the deepest interest. Please acknowledge the receipt of this 
 at your convenience, addressing me at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. 
 I remain, dear sir. 
 
 Yours with much respect, 
 
 David W. Jones. 
 
 April Sd, 1856. 
 
 EDITOEIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 150.) Bajazet Aas foaled 1754, and must have been imported before 1794. 
 f (P. 150.) Alexander's pedigree, as given by Edgar, is spurious. 
 
PEDIGREES, 
 PERFORMANCES, AND ANECDOTES, 
 
 OF FAMOUS AMERICAN EACEES OF THE MODERN DAY. 
 
 The letter, above given, of an eminent and distinguislied turf- 
 man, whose title to that honorable appellation is hereditary, and 
 known as widely in America as is the name of the American 
 Turf, brings down, it will be seen, the history of that Turf to 
 what In ay be called its palmiest days — the latter portion of the 
 first, and commencement of the second quarter of the present 
 century. 
 
 Previous to the Revolution, as we have seen, racing, as an 
 established, organized institution, was nearly, if not absolutely, 
 confined to the States of Maryland, Yirginia, and South Caro- 
 lina, which were then emphatically the Racehorse Region of the 
 United States of America. 
 
 Up to this period, with but few exceptions, all the distin- 
 guished blood mares and stallions had been imj)orted into those 
 States, and in them, only, did a distinct and very noble strain 
 of thorough blood exist, which, although, of course, tracing 
 directly to English ancestry on both sides, may be, with some 
 propriety, termed Yirginian ; since, as a general rule, whether 
 accidentally or from choice, the pedigrees of nearly all the im- 
 portations run back, through but three or four families, to the 
 same noted progenitors; the most renowned of which, perhaps, 
 are the Godolphin Arabian, the Byerly Turk, Sj)anker, Grey- 
 
HORSE-KACING IN NEW YORK. 157 
 
 hound, the "WTiite Turk, Dodsworth, and Layton's Violet Barb 
 mare. 
 
 It is undeniable that a vast number of the early Virginian 
 pedigrees are not susceptible of proof, owing to reasons amply 
 enumerated above ; and there is as little doubt that very 
 many have been fabricated, and are the merest of forgeries ; 
 still, it is clearly in evidence that many animals, and those the 
 most fashionable and successful foal-getters in the Southern 
 racing States, were of the unequalled stock above indicated. 
 
 Where, as compared with England, the number of families 
 was few, the choice of stallions limited, and, more than all, the 
 original number of imported thoroughbred mares, as progeni- 
 trixes, yet more limited, it is evident that the horses of this era 
 must have been very much in-bred ; and it is worthy of remark, 
 that the old Vii'ginia pedigrees, owing to the early infusion of 
 Godolphin Arabian and Croft's Partner blood, run through 
 fewer generations to Oriental parentage on both sides, than the 
 generality of English horses of the same date. It is said, also, 
 by those who remember the strain before it was intermixed with 
 the more recent English blood, that the horses of ante-revolu- 
 tionary, and early post-revolutionary fame, retained in a great 
 degree the Arab and Barb or Turk characteristics in height, 
 figure, and qualities ; and possessed far more of what our ances- 
 tors intended to convey by the words a Eacer in a high form, 
 than of what we should esteem perfection in the modern fashion- 
 able race-horse. 
 
 It will be observed, in the communication to which I have 
 referred, that it w^as not until the year 1819, that the citizens of 
 New York began fully to appreciate the utility and practical 
 excellence of horse-racing, or to give it such encouragement as 
 it had always received in Virginia and Maryland ; where the 
 majority in numbers, and the whole, one might say, in wealtli, 
 enterprise and education, of the white population, were coun- 
 try gentlemen of athletic habits, out-of-door tastes, liberal hands 
 and open hearts, which belong every where, and belong, it 
 seems to me, alone, to rural aristocracies. 
 
 And, again, it was not until ten years later, in the autumn 
 of 1829, that any regular publication was set on foot, for the 
 avowed purpose of recovering as much as was possible of the 
 
158 THE HORSE. 
 
 lost early pedigrees of the magnates of the American Turf, and 
 for the preservation of authentic records for the time to come. 
 This work, Skinners American Turf Register and Sporting 
 Magazine, continued for ten years to do good service for the 
 cause of the Turf, and, with Edgar's stud-book, which unfor- 
 tunately never was completed, constitutes the first and only au- 
 thority, presented to the public, on which reliance can be placed 
 as to the blood of animals asserted to be thoroughbred. 
 
 In the year 1839, the magazine passed into the hands of that 
 most able editor and admirable turf- writer, Mr. William T. Por- 
 ter, of New York, than whom the Turf of America has had no 
 more consistent advocate, or more strenuous defender. In the 
 close of 18-14, the Magazine was, it is greatly to be regretted, 
 discontinued, the encom-agement not being found adequate to 
 the support of both the monthly periodical and the weekly 
 Spirit of the Times, both issued from the same office, and made 
 np in some part of the same materials. 
 
 This cessation it is hardly possible too greatly to deplore ; 
 for, although Mr. Richards continues to prepare and publish a 
 yearly Turf-Eegister, from the old office, containing a full and 
 accurate record of races and racing events, and a register of the 
 winning horses of the year, there is, of course, no space for such 
 discussion of pedigrees, disputed or not fully established, or 
 such debate on intricate questions of breeding, running, time, 
 weights, riders and the like, in its pages, as were so valuable in 
 those of the famous old magazine ; inadequate as even it was 
 to fill the place of that great desideratum of the American horse 
 world, a complete and careful annual American stud-book. 
 
 These thoughts may seem in some sort superfluous ; but, 
 without having introduced them, I should find it somewhat dif- 
 ficult to explain what I mean to convey, when I state that I 
 consider the commencement of authentic American horse- 
 racing to be about coeval with the commencement of the sec- 
 ond quarter of the present century, or, at the most, a few 3'ears 
 earlier. 
 
 I, by no means, intend or desire by this expression to under- 
 estimate the genuineness of the blood, to deny the excellence, 
 speed, stoutness, or authenticity of performance of the cele- 
 brated worthies of ante-revolutionary, or early post-revolution- 
 
OBSCUEITT OF PEDIGREES. 159 
 
 ary dajs, any more than I -undervalue or doubt the pedigree or 
 merits of tlie great forefathers of the English Turf, in the days 
 of Queen Anne, and of the first monarchs of the House of 
 Hanover. 
 
 Much, in fact, as I regard the fame of Buck-Hunter, 
 Spanker, Childers, Cartouch, Bald Charlotte, Matchem, and a 
 hundred others one might name, do I esteem that of the Fear- 
 nought, Janus, Celer, Tryall, Yorick, Traveller, and the mares 
 Selima, Kitty Fisher, Jenny Cameron, Jenny Dismal, and many 
 others, of American immortality. The pedigrees of many of 
 them run into the obscurity of time, and one must write down, 
 at last, unknown^ for either dam or sire, as is the case with 
 more than one of the admitted great English progenitors. 
 
 For instance — the sire of Bockwood is unknown ; the dams 
 of Coneyskins, Clumsy, Gray Grantham, and Whynot — the 
 grand-dams of Bay Bolton, Snake, Jigg, and a score of others, 
 from whom it is held glory enough to be descended, are all un- 
 known ; but not, for that, are they to be held of impure or cold 
 blood. ■^■•■ 
 
 In like sort, I hold it indisputable that the dams of many of 
 the noblest and most perfect — and, to judge from all analogy, 
 the most pure-blooded — of the progenitors and progenitrixes of 
 the American Turf, are unknown. The dam of Tasker's Selima 
 is, I hold it, unknown ; for of three dams assigned to her, I can- 
 not find that she has any claim to one.f Snap-dragon by Snap, 
 out of whom slie is said to have been got, was not foaled until 
 her sire, Godolphin Arabian, was dead. Tlie Large Hartley 
 mare, to whom that capital turf-writer, Observer, assigns her, 
 as sister to Bahraham, had, according to the stud-book, no 
 chestnut filly by Godolphin, and one that answers to the date 
 of Selima. And the Fox mare, whose dam Avas by Childers, 
 and who was herself dam to "Weasel and Daphne by Godolphin, 
 had no other foals to that horse, nor any foal earlier than 
 1750-51, in which year Selima is said to have been imported. 
 This last is Skinner's pedigree of this famous mare. The dam 
 of Jenny Cameron is not stated.^ The dam of Kitty Fisher is 
 said to have been out of Bald Charlotte, by the Cullen Arabian, 
 but there is no show of proof that this thrice famous mare ever 
 bore a filly to that Arab. And again, the dam of Jenny Dismal 
 
 * See Note * on p. 170. f See Note f on p. 170. X See Note % on p. 170. 
 
160 THE HORSE. 
 
 is recorded to have been a "Whitefoot mare, while of five White- 
 foot mares in the stud-book not one appears to liave borne a 
 foal to Dismal, the son of Godolphin. These statements I do 
 not make invidiously, or with the intent to disparage the purity 
 of the blood of these animals — of wdiicli I have no doiibt ; but 
 simply to show that the same want of absolute authenticity is 
 apparent, when we go beyond a certain date in both England^- 
 and America, that date being more recent in the latter country, 
 owing to the later introduction of authentic registries. 
 
 Kor does this want of authenticity attach to pedigrees, only ; 
 or even in the greatest degree ; for it is much more apparent in 
 the traditional report of performances. 
 
 The absurd myth of Flying Childers having run a mile in a 
 minute, still obtains — not among sportsmen, for of course there 
 is not a man, who knows what a race-horse is, either in Eng- 
 land or America, at this day, who does not scoff at the palpa- 
 ble impossibility of the thing — but generally among the vulgar ; 
 although it has been made sufficiently clear that, in the only 
 recorded race of this horse, he did not exceed that of West 
 Australian in England, or of Lexington or Lecompte in this 
 country. 
 
 As progenitors, all these horses, in both countries, may be 
 considered, then, in my view, as entities, or, if the reader prefer 
 it, facts — as jjerformers, in view of any thing which we know 
 positively, or can ascertain, of tlieir performances, I must hold 
 them myths. 
 
 Thus, on the English Turf, while I do not dispute or doubt 
 the excellence of Elying Childers, Regulus, Matchem, Marske, 
 OTvelly's Eclipse, and other such — for they must have been un- 
 deniably good horses to do that, which we know they did do — 
 beat, namely, all the best horses of their respective times, at 
 all weights and distances — I give no credence whatsoever con- 
 cerning any jDarticular or special performance of any one of 
 them ; and I distinctly assert my opinion, that there is nothing 
 whatever, beyond the idlest and emptiest rumor, on which to 
 found any comparison between them and the horses of to-day. 
 
 On the English Turf,"* I esteem nothing positively authentic, 
 in the shape of performances — apart, I mean, from pedigrees — 
 previous to the institution of the St. Leger stakes, first won by 
 * See Note § on page 170. 
 
THE AMERICAN TUKF. 161 
 
 Lord Itockiiigham's Sampson fillj, in 1776 ; of the Oaks, first 
 V7"on by Lord Derby's Bridget, in 1779, and of the Derby, first 
 won by Sir Charles Bunbnry's Diomed — sire of our Sir Archy — 
 in 1780. 
 
 So on the American Turf I hold nothing, as on record^ prior 
 to the races of American Eclipse and liis competitors.* 
 
 To draw a parallel, as nearly as I can draw one, I regard the 
 old Virginian Turf, prior to the fifteenth year, at least, of the 
 nineteenth century, as neither more nor less authentic than that 
 of England np to the time of English Eclipse ; and I consider 
 that the era of the importation and covering of Diomed and 
 Messenger in the United States as parallel to that of O'Kelly's 
 wonderful stallion in the old country. 
 
 From the day when the sons and daughters of these noble 
 animals began to run upon the turfs of England and the tracks 
 of America, all is plain and on record, so that who runs may 
 read. 
 
 The first great excellence of what I consider the authentic 
 recorded race-horse of America, I ascribe to what I call the first 
 grand post-revolutionary cross of English with the old Virginian 
 blood, produced by the importation of the two horses above 
 named ; of, almost simultaneously, Bedford, Medley, Gabriel ; 
 and of Shark, a few years earlier. 
 
 The get of these horses are collateral here, with the High- 
 flyers, Florizels, King Ferguses, "Whalebones, Waxys, PotSos and 
 Beningbroughs across the water, and their posterity hold similar 
 relations and relative positions. 
 
 The palmy time, then, of the Turf in America, I should state 
 to have lain between the years 1815 and 18'±5, the former date 
 being little earlier than its dawn, the latter a little later than 
 the first symptoms of its decline. 
 
 For without asserting that the quality of the American 
 thoroughbred horse has as yet begun to fall ofi", or its character 
 to deteriorate, I do maintain that the racing spirit has received 
 a severe check ; one, which must ultimately, if it continue, se- 
 riously aflfect, if not destroy, in toto, the American Race-horse, 
 in spite of all his glories, all his excellencies, and all the incom- 
 parable benefits he has conferred on the stock of the country 
 ut large — not least on what is now the rage of the North 
 
 * Eaces published in American Farmer from 1818 to '30 are just as reliable. — Ed. 
 
 Vol. L— 11 
 
162 THE HOESE. 
 
 and "West, the Trotting jpCorse, althougli it is now the game 
 and cant of the day to deny the influence of blood in this class 
 of animals. 
 
 The wholesome and amicable rivalry of the Northern and 
 Southern stables, with their — in a greater or lesser degree — dis- 
 tinctive families, was an unquestionable stimulus to breeders, 
 and told its tale in the high form of the racers which we used 
 to see contending in the good days of the 30's — under the 
 auspices of such men as Messrs. Johnson and Tayloe, Yan 
 Mater, Wade Hampton, Bingaman, Stevens, Livingston, Stock- 
 ton, Tillotson, Jones, Gibbons, and many more, as good as they, 
 from all sections of the country. 
 
 Of those palmy days it is with pleasure that I can say 
 
 quaeque ipse celerrima vidi 
 
 Et quorum pars parva fui. 
 
 Tlie great race of races, it is true, was one of the things bye- 
 gone when I first trod the soil of America ; but the first Amer- 
 ican race-horse on whom I set eyes, in the first year of my no- 
 vitiate, was the champion. Eclipse ; and the next, his gallant 
 competitor. Sir Henry. Ariel, the most successful and enduring, 
 perhaps, of all the progeny of the great northern conqueror, 
 was withdrawn from the scene of her glories, already ; but it 
 was my fortune to witness, as my entering to the turf of Long 
 Island, the splendid twenty-mile mare-race, the prize of which 
 was borne off by that magnificent and honest animal, Black 
 Maria ; who, singularly enough, combines all the imported 
 blood which I have named, together with the old Virginian 
 strains of Clockfast, Fearnought, Yorick, and the rest, having, 
 through her sire, American Eclipse, Diomed, Messenger, Bed- 
 ford and Medley crosses, and by her dam. Lady Lightfoot, Sir 
 Archy and Shark crosses. 
 
 From that time forward, meeting after meeting, there was 
 one constant and continued succession of good, nay ! great 
 horses on the turf, and meeting after meeting, year after year, 
 spring and fall, from Long Island to New Orleans, there was 
 one constant promise, and that promise made good, of fine sport 
 for sportsmen. Those were the days of such mares as Trifle, 
 Bonnets of Blue, Fashion, Peytona, Heel, and many more sec- 
 
MINGO — CLARION — POSTBOY. 163 
 
 end, if second, to none but the best of these ; and these, all 
 except one or two, not long enough withdrawn to have transmit- 
 ted their honors, likely to perpetuate them to the most remote 
 posterity — of such horses as Medoc — by Eclipse ; his dam. Maid 
 of the Oaks, by imp. Expedition ; g. dam, old Maid of the 
 Oaks, by Spread Eagle ; g. g. dam — the dam of E^ancy Air — 
 by Shark, g. g. g. dam by Rockingham, g. g. g. dam by Gal- 
 lant, g. g. g. g. dam by True Whig, g. g. g. g. g. dam by imp. 
 Regulus, g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by imp. Diamond — an animal of 
 singular beauty, and one who was withdrawn from the turf in 
 the prime of his performances, and cut oif by an unfortunate 
 accident, ere he had half fulfilled his promise as a stallion. 
 
 Mingo, by American Eclipse ; his dam, Bay Bett, by Thorn- 
 ton's Rattler — ^he by Sir Archy — g. dam, Cliffden mare, by 
 impd. Clifi"den, g. g. dam by Hall's Spot — he by Hall's imp. 
 Eclipse out of imj). mare — g. g. g. dam by Hyder Aly, he by 
 Lindsay's Arabian, dam by Othello, &c., — to my own mind, for 
 shape, figure, stride and action, the race-horse in the highest 
 form, that I have ever seen, be the other who he may, since I 
 have been in America. He was as big as he was beautiful, and 
 as good as he was big. It always appeared to me that this 
 magnificent animal never had half a fair chance, on our little 
 one-mile-round courses ; which, it must be admitted, are as much 
 against a long-striding, lengthy, raking galloper, as they are in 
 favor of a short, active, quick-gathering, compact animal. He 
 was a good winner and good performer, after all, though he 
 was often most indifierently ridden. I once saw him come in 
 a winner, in a four-mile heat, with his head pulled half round, 
 the snaffle drawn wholly through his mouth to the left, and the 
 rein acting as a bit. 
 
 Clarion, by Monmouth Eclipse, dam by Oscar, as beautiful 
 and gallant a hoi'se as a man need look upon. 
 
 Postboy — by Henry, his dam Garland by Old Duroc, g. d. 
 Young Damsel by Harailtonian, g. g. d. Miller's Damsel by 
 Imported Messenger, g. g. g. d. by PotSos, g. g. g. g. d. by Gim- 
 crack, &c. — a good horse, and supposed for a short time to 
 be a wonder, but clearly overrated, and in the end admitted to 
 be so. He was not, by a long shot, so good a horse as Mingo, 
 of whom it is asserted that he was never beaten, when in con- 
 
164 THE H0E8E. 
 
 ditioii — Jin assertion, perhaps, in this case, true, but in all cases 
 easy to make, and impossible to disprove — and was beaten by 
 John Bascombe, who, though, also, for a time, esteemed pro- 
 digious, was only a good, and not an extra good, race-horse. 
 
 John Bascombe by Bertrand ; he by Sir Archy out of Eliza, 
 by Bedford ; dam Gray Goose by Pacolet ; he by imp. Citizen 
 g. dam Sally Sneed by imp. Buzzard, g. g. dam Jane Hunt by 
 Gen. Hampton's Paragon, g. g. g. dam by imp. Figure, g. g. g. g. 
 dam Miss Slamerkin by imp. Wildair, g. g. g. g. g. dam Delan- 
 cy's imp. Cub mare. 
 
 This is as good an American pedigree as can easily be pro- 
 duced. He was a large, tall, rather leggy and decidedly light- 
 bodied horse ; but had fine action and w^as an easy goer ; his 
 jjoints were for speed, not for staying the distance, or carry- 
 ing weight. He beat the best horses of his year — Argyle and 
 Postboy ; but the year was not a crack one, and like many 
 other horses, who have been held cracks of the minute, he has 
 settled down into his proper place. It has been calculated that 
 Boston and Fashion, in their great race, would have beat Bas- 
 combe in his Postboy race by 240 yards. 
 
 Wagner and Gray Eagle, I shall not here refer to more at 
 large, leaving their pedigrees and descriptions to be noted here- 
 after, as I have those of Eclipse and Henry, Ariel and Flirtilla, 
 Black Maria, and the other animals whose performances and 
 great races I have judged it desirable to record at length, from 
 the accounts of the best and most brilliant contemporary au- 
 thorities. 
 
 Peytona — by imp. Glencoe, dam Giantess by imp. Leviathan, 
 g. dam by Sir Archy, g. g. dam Virginia by Dare Devil, g. g. g. 
 dam Lady Bolingbroke by imp. Pantaloon, g. g. g. g. dam Cades 
 by Wormley's King Herod, g. g. g. g. g. dam Primrose by Dove, 
 g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Stella by Othello, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam 
 Tasker's Selima by the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 She was an enormous dark- red chestnut mare, standing full 
 sixteen hands and three inches in height ; she was deep made 
 in her heart-place, and had powerful, long-let-down hocks ; her 
 barrel was so large that standing directly in front of her — Por- 
 ter says — one could see her ribs on either side. Her stride was 
 enormous, said to cover twenty-seven feet. 
 
PEYTON A AND FASHION. 165 
 
 She certainly made good running on several occasions, and 
 was a good winner ; and a most successful animal to her owners, 
 for whom she had won upward of $i2,000 before her match 
 with Fashion, by which she netted them $10,000 more. 
 
 She had previously beaten Blue Dick with some ease, who 
 was any thing but a contemptible adversary ; and she won, in 
 her match with Fashion, laurels which, like those of Bascombe, 
 whom I last considered, were for a moment thought to be peren- 
 nial, though they were soon faded, and trailed comparatively in 
 the dust. The two heats were done in 7.39 3-4, 7.45 1-4. " Her 
 immense stride and strength," says Porter, in one of his telling 
 descriptions of a race, which no man who wields a pen can de- 
 scribe as he can, when he is in the vein — " and her ' nice ideal 
 of perpetual motion ' did the business. It is a matter of doubt 
 with some, wliether Fashion ever saw the day when she couid 
 beat Peytona. Certainly Peytona not only outfooted her but 
 outlasted her. In our opinion condition won the race. It is 
 very remarkable that after so fast a first heat, there should have 
 been so little falling oif as five seconds in the second heat." 
 
 I saw this race myself, and I unquestionably was not one of 
 those who doubted whether Fashion ever saw the day, &c. — so 
 far from it that I stood my small stake, very confidently, on the 
 return match at Camden a fortnight later, when on that far 
 heavier and slower course Fashion — who had been kept con- 
 stantly at hard work, never missing a gallop since the day of 
 her defeat, while her conqueress, if one may coin a word for 
 the occasion, had sufiered so severely by victory that she had 
 hardly been able to take one — fairly reversed the tables, and 
 won, in two heats, without ever being put to her speed, in 7.48, 
 7.57. Tliere is no doubt, Fashion's rider having, by order, pulled 
 her up, and passed the winning-post at a hand gallop, that, if 
 he had chosen, he could have distanced Peytona. 
 
 After this race she was withdrawn from the turf, a fine animal, 
 and a good and honest mare, able to go the pace and stay the 
 distance ; but, it must out — "Impar congressus Achilli." 
 
 Blue Dick by imported Margrave, dam by Lance, &c., a blue 
 roan horse, and a fair good one, though not what one could fairly 
 call a successful horse or a good winner — for he was continually 
 over-matched. With Eegister of his own years, it was a tongh 
 
166 THE H0E8E. 
 
 match, though Dick was the better horse. "With such an ani- 
 mal as Peytona, he was clearly and indisputably over-matched, 
 and with Fashion, he had not a show for it. But racers such 
 as Fashion and her immortal rival Boston, are not met with 
 every day ; and it might even be said of those who ran against 
 them, 
 
 Contendisse juvat, 
 
 or, in other words, as a distinguished Statesman is reported to 
 have said, " it is honor enough to have run a bad second to 
 Andrew Jackson ! " And so it would have been, if one had ever 
 run a bad second ! One cannot, however, help thinking, in that 
 contingency of Horace's '"'' Hon Jovi quicquid simile aut secun- 
 dum,^'' — and so one may say, without much fear of contradiction, 
 at the present day, even although their time has been beaten 
 hollow, with infinitely reduced weights, and over an immeasur- 
 ably faster track. 
 
 Could such a thing be possible as to recall the days that are 
 fled, and to put Fashion, Boston, Lecomte, Lexington, and Pryor, 
 if you please, all on the Union course together, in the heyday 
 of their blood, and their most blooming condition, at any age 
 from three years old to aged, with northern weight for age ; 
 I, for one, would be willing to risk my shot, in the first 
 place, upon old Whitenose, and the Jersey mare ; and, in the 
 next place, against any such time, as that made over the ^t^Tew 
 Orleans courses. 
 
 During this same period, there were other horses almost in- 
 numerable, worthy of mention, among whom it will not be in- 
 vidious to name Duane, better perhaps than some, whom I have 
 mentioned ; Argyle, and the mares. Miss Foote, Trifle, Gipsey, 
 and the famous Keel, by imported Glencoe, her dam imported 
 Gallopade by Catton, herself doubly famous as a distinguished 
 winner in her own person, and as the dam of the cracks j^a/* 
 excellence of the day. 
 
 During the period I have here specified, occurred all the 
 great and time-honored races of America, with the exception of 
 two or three recent events, which are to be ascribed to a differ- 
 ent strain of blood, to a new school of breeding, whether for 
 better or worse, in the long run, perhaps it yet remains to be 
 Been, and of which I shall speak, in their place hereafter. 
 
THE FOUR GREAT RACES. 167 
 
 Those gi'eat races, wliicli I esteem as worthy of immortalitj 
 as ev^er was the match of Hambletonian and Diamond, or any- 
 other match race, if there ever were any other, of yet greater 
 fame, are those of American EcHpse and Henry; of Ariel, 
 daughter of Eclipse, and Flirtilla ; of Black Maria, and the three 
 mares, known as the twenty-mile race ; of Wagner and Gray 
 Eagle, at the Oakland course, Louisville ; and of Boston and 
 Fashion, on the Union course. Long Island. 
 
 Those, as the old Marshal Trivulciano said, who had fought 
 in thirty-six pitched battles, yet had never seen a stricken field 
 until he fought at Marignano, those were combats of giants, all 
 the rest were child's play. 
 
 Of those, the great events, of the great turf campaigns of 
 this country, I have been so fortunate as to procure accurate de- 
 scriptions by the pens of eye-witnesses, who will, by all true 
 turfmen be admitted, the most competent to form accurate 
 opinions and draw sound conclusions on all matters concerning 
 this nobler sport than the Olympic games of old, and whose pen 
 paintings of such scenes have, long ago, been pronounced first 
 and best by mouths of wisest censure. 
 
 The first of these, the great race of Eclipse and Henry, the 
 time of which was so long the hest, so long believed to be not 
 only unapproached, but unapproachable — together with the 
 memoirs, pedigrees, performances, and description of the rival 
 racers, is from the pen of one, whom it is enough to name, 
 " The Old Turfman," Cadwalader E,. Golden, Esq., indisputably 
 the best authority of his day, in this or, perhaps, in any other 
 country, on all matters connected with the horse of pure blood. 
 From the same distinguished source is the memoir and pedi- 
 gree of Ariel, the list of her performances, and her almost un- 
 equalled race with Flirtilla. 
 
 The twenty-mile race of Black Maria, with her memoir and 
 performances, selected from the columns of the Spirit of the 
 Times, is understood to be from the pen of the brother of her 
 late distinguished owner — that celebrated breeder, promoter 
 and benefactor of the agricultural interests of this continent, the 
 late Mr. Charles Henry Hall, to whose family I take this op- 
 portunity of recording my manifold obligations, and of return- 
 ing my most sincere thanks, for the facilities afibrded to me of 
 
168 THE HOKSE. 
 
 books, MS. documents and pictures, without which tliis work 
 would liave fallen, indeed, far short of the present short-comings 
 of the author. 
 
 The races of Wagner and Gray Eagle, taken from the pages 
 of the American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, are 
 by the pen — perhaps, are the chef cfceuvre of the pen — of ray 
 esteemed friend William T. Porter, I well remember, at the 
 time, when this brilliant and graphic narrative and picture of 
 events made its aj)pearance, the general admiration Avith which 
 it was hailed. By the editor of that well known and world-re- 
 nowned journal, " Bell's Life in London," it was immediately 
 pronounced the perfection of tu r f- writing, combining the abso- 
 lute of strong horse-language and imagery, with tlie entire ab- 
 sence of slang. If, critically speaking, I possess any judgment 
 in regard to style and the artificial in composition, I should pro- 
 nounce the Wagner and Gray Eagle contest, to be the best 
 description of a race ever penned in any country, or in any 
 language. It seems to me to be ne j^lus ultra. 
 
 The Fashion and Boston match on the Union course, from 
 the columns of the Spirit of the Times, is from the same hand 
 also ; and the same clear narrative, quick observation and ac- 
 curate decision are discernible in every line. 
 
 This great event, and grand struggle — in which the Northern 
 stables renewed the laurels, which they had won in the conquest 
 of the Southern champion Henry by the Great Eclipse ; and 
 doubly renewed them, by outdoing that hitherto unequalled 
 feat — brings me almost to the close of the period, which I have 
 determined on as the palmy days of American racing ; brings 
 me completely to the decadence and downfall of the turf in the 
 Northern States. 
 
 For what reasons it fell, it would not be easy to state. Per- 
 haps, this would not be, for some reasons, the place in which tc ' 
 state it, if it were so. 
 
 It is sufficient that, at the same moment, or nearly so, all the 
 most liberal and energetic patrons of the turf withdrew from it 
 their support, closed their stables, disposed of their studs, and 
 ceased, vastly to the loss of the agricultural community, and of 
 the country at large, to breed, to keep, or to import blood stock. 
 
 At the same time an unthinking, senseless, declamatory 
 spirit of fanaticism, denouncing the breeding of blood stock and 
 
LEXINGTON, LECOMTE AND PRYOE. 169 
 
 racing, as the worst, most dangerous, and most destructive sort 
 of gambling, ran tlirongh the community, and took possession 
 even of the legislatures. 
 
 Eacing courses were put down and proscribed ; while trot- 
 ting courses, at which — on the most moderate computation — the 
 opportunities for fraud are ten times greater, and fraud is fifty- 
 times more generally practised, than on any race-course, ob- 
 tained a fixed position and a stand. 
 
 Gentlemen, and persons of means and education generally, 
 have totally withdrawn, in the Northern States, from the habit of 
 breeding, keeping, riding or driving fast horses, or patronizing 
 races at all, except as a mere spectacle to be visited as a theatre, 
 or a field day; and every thing connected with the Northern 
 turf has fallen into the hands of professional persons, of greater 
 or less respectability — some doubtless of the highest, some of 
 the most questionable — who practise it, of course, professionally 
 as a matter of emolument. 
 
 A fine new race-course has lately been established on Long 
 Island, and a new jockey club has been set on foot, but it does 
 not appear, hitherto, that the right persons have taken hold of 
 it ; although it is said that a reaction is even now in progress, and 
 that there are hopes that we may once more see Northern sta- 
 bles in operation, strings of thoroughbreds in their cosy body 
 clothes, with natty lads on their backs, and in a word. Long Isl- 
 and, itself again. 
 
 In the mean time, the South has not only been holding her 
 own, but surpassing the North, and herself again, in the point of 
 time, astonishing the world, and now challenging Mother Eng- 
 land's Derby and Leger winners, on their own turf. 
 
 First we had Henry Perrit's — an undeniable runner at short 
 distances — unequalled, mile heats. Next Lecomte beating Lex- 
 ington many seconds under the time of Fashion's best race — 
 then Lexington beating Lecomte's best time, by almost as many 
 seconds more — and lastly beating Lecomte himself, in worse time 
 than he had himself made before, because his adversary could 
 not drive him to make better. 
 
 Then in conclusion, we liave Br. Dick making the best time 
 ever yet accomplislied, at three-mile heats ; and then we have 
 the two, Lecomte and Pryor, with a semi-dark mare Prioress, 
 
170 THE HOKSE. 
 
 about wliom little is certainly known beyond lier own stables, 
 going abroad — ^hopeless of finding matches at home — to take a 
 rise out of the English cracks, calculating of course on the im- 
 mense allowances, w^hich will not fiill short, under some contin- 
 gencies, of l-i pounds advantage given to foreign bred and 
 untried horses. 
 
 Many persons believe now, of these horses, as they did of 
 Peytona, that nothing that ever was in the North ever saw the 
 day when it could beat these horses ; and that nothing in Eng- 
 land ever will see that day. 
 
 I am not one of those persons. 
 
 The end is not yet, and fast time or slow time, I do not be- 
 lieve altogether in light weights and fast courses ; but, I do be- 
 lieve, all things fully weighed and considered, with no preju- 
 dice or favor for Northern or Southern stables, that Boston is 
 out and out the best race-horse of any age, sex or condition, that 
 has yet run upon American plates, and that Fashion is the best 
 mare. 
 
 That the American horses will win in England, at the extra- 
 ordinary advantages, which they will receive, I think probable ; 
 and not much to brag of, if they do. One may handicap 
 Eclipse so that a jackass will beat him, and 28 lbs. is a difference, 
 with a vengeance, on a horse's back. 
 
 The clever accounts subjoined of the most recent races, are 
 from the New Orleans Picayune, but quoted from the Spiri/ of 
 the Times. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 159.) No English Stud-Book was published until at least half a century 
 after these horses flourished. It does not follow because the dams of some of 
 them are not given that they were not of pure blood. 
 
 •|- (P. 159.) The Large Hartley mare had a filly by the Godolphin Arabian, foaled 
 in 1746, which corresponds to Selima. That filly does not appear afterwards in 
 a English Stud-Book as the brood mare. Selima was, beyond doubt, the filly. 
 
 X (P. 159.) A certificate of Col. Tayloe, dated 1773, makes Jenny Cameron by 
 Cuddy (son of Fox) out of Mr. Witty's famous mare Cabbagewise. In another place 
 in the American Turf Register she is said to be by a son of Fox, out of Miss Bel- 
 voir by Grey Grantham ; neither can be substantiated in the English Stud-Book. 
 
 § (P. 160.) The English Racing Calendar commenced in 1751, and has been 
 continued to the present period. Matchem was foaled in 1748. Marske in 1756. 
 Eclipse in 1764. The performances of these horses are all to be found in the 
 Racing Calendar, and are just as reliable as any other period of the English turf. 
 
MEMOm 
 
 OF SIR ARCHY. 
 
 This justly celebrated horse, wliose portrait, from a painting, 
 ■which we have been assured is a striking likeness, ornaments 
 the present memoir, was foaled in the spring of 1805, on James 
 river, in Virginia, and was bred by Col. Archibald Randolph 
 and Col. John Tayloe, as their joint property. 
 
 Sir Archy is of rich bay color, having no white about him 
 except on his right hind foot. He is a horse of commanding 
 size, fully sixteen hands high, with great power and substance. 
 He is eminently superior in all those points indispensable to the 
 turf horse and mainly contributory to strength and action. 
 His shoulder, the most material part of the horse, is strikingly 
 distinguished, being very deep, fairly mounting np to the top 
 of the withers, and obliquely inclined to the hips. His girth is 
 full and deep, back short and strong, thighs and arms long and 
 muscular, his bone good. His front appearance is fine and 
 commanding — his head and neck are well formed, the latter 
 rising well out of his withers. Take Sir Archy upon the whole, 
 and he has more size, power and substance than we often see 
 combined in the full bred horse. As a racer he was considered 
 very superior. He did not run many races, but beat all the 
 best horses of his day ; among them were Wrangler, Tom 
 Tough, Palafox, Minerva, Katray, Gallatin, and also Gen. Car- 
 ney's celebrated racer Blank, by Citizen. When Sir Archy 
 quitted the turf, he had no equal in this country, as will be seen 
 in the following extract of a letter from Col. W. R. Johnson — 
 " I have only to say that, in my opinion, Sir Archy is the best 
 
172 THE nOESE. 
 
 horse 1 ever saw, and I well know tliat I never had any tiling 
 to do with one that was at all his equal ; and this I will back ; 
 for, if any horse in the world Avill run against him at any half- 
 way ground, four-mile heats, according to the rules of racing, 
 you may consider me $5000 with you on him. He was in good 
 condition this fall — 1809 — and has not run with any horse that 
 could put him to half speed towards the end of the race. 
 
 " Yours, TV. R. Jounson."" 
 
 Sir Archy was got by the imported horse Diomed, liis dam 
 the imported mare Castianira — she was got by Eockingham, 
 out of Tabitha, by Trentham ; her dam — Tabitha's — out of the 
 dam of Pegasus. Virle Genealogical Tahles, ISTos. I. and II. 
 
 Eockingham, the best son of Highiiyer, and he the best son 
 of old King Herod. The dam of Eockingham, Purity, by 
 Matchem, out of the famous old Squirt mare. 
 
 Trentham, a horse of great power and celebrity of his day, 
 was by Sweepstakes, out of a South mare. 
 
 Diomed — the sire of Sir Archy — was got by Florizel, one of 
 the best sons of old KJng Herod ; his dam — Diomed's — by Spec- 
 tator; his grandam by Blank, Flying Childers, Miss Belvoir, by 
 Gray Grantham, Paget Turk, Betty Percival, by Leeds Arabian. 
 
 Diomed was one of the best racers on the English turf ; and 
 was unquestionably the finest formed horse ever imported into 
 this country ; and as a foal getter, he has had no equal except 
 in his son. Diomed had the rare faculty of getting colts of size 
 and form from almost all the mares that he covered, and he 
 ■more ge?ierally got racers than any other stallion that had pre- 
 ceded him ; and as to the celebrity of his colts, as first-rate 
 racers, they have far eclij)sed those of any other horse's get, ex- 
 cept those of Sir Archy. What stallion, then, so worthy to be 
 the sire of Sir Archy as Diomed ? Yet a report has been in 
 circulation a dozen years or more, calculated to rob Diomed of 
 this honor, and to confer it on another stallion called Gabriel, 
 sire of Postboy, Harlequin and Oscar. 
 
 Tliis report first originated among grooms, who, of all 
 others, are best calculated to give currency to reports without 
 foundation. Col. Tayloe, who jointly with Col. Eandolph, bred 
 
GET OF SIK AECHT. 173 
 
 Sir Arcliy, confidently avers the fact that Diomed was the sire 
 of Sir Archy.* 
 
 In the spring of 1804, the season that Sir Archy was got, 
 old Diomed stood at Col. Selden's below Richmond. Mr. Sel- 
 den, his son, who is now living, saw Castianira — the dam of 
 Archy — covered on the same day by Diomed, that he got 
 Wrangler. This declaration of Mr. Selden puts the question 
 beyond all doubt. But if we were to reason on other circum- 
 stances, I should reject Gabriel as the sire of Sir Archy. Ga- 
 briel's stock were not large, but only common size ; hence the 
 improbability of his being the sire of so large a horse as Sir 
 Archy. Whereas, Diomed's stock were generally of good size, 
 and Sir Archy bears a strong resemblance to the Rockingham 
 and Herod stock ; of which blood he possessed a large share, 
 not only through Rockingham, but also through Florizel, the 
 sire of Diomed. 
 
 Sir Archy may justly be allowed to be one of the best bred 
 horses this country or England has ever produced, fie was not 
 only a distinguished racer, but, as a stallion, he stands upon 
 higher ground than any other horse that has covered in Amer- 
 ica, and may rank with the best stallions in England. 
 
 He has done as much for the turf stock of this country as 
 the Godolphin Arabian, King Herod, or Highflyer, for that of 
 Great Britain. Most of the best stock at present in this coun- 
 try are either immediately from the loins of Sir Archy, or have 
 been produced from his sons and daughters. Sir Archy covei'ed 
 at $50 the season until within a few years, when his price was 
 raised to $75 the season, and $100 insurance ; at which price 
 he now covers in ISTorth Carolina. 
 
 A list of his most distinguished get is here added, but it is 
 far from being complete. 
 
 Timoleon, 
 
 Eoanoke, 
 
 Reality, 
 
 Janus, 1 Bred by the Hoi 
 Mark Antony, ' John Randolph. 
 Rinaldo, 
 
 Vanity, 
 
 Lawrence, 
 
 Director, 
 
 Stockholder, 
 
 Virginian, 
 
 Bertrand, 
 
 Carolinian, 
 
 Pacific, 
 
 * Vide his letter to J. S. Skinner, Esq., in Am. Farmer, vol. 9, p. 143. 
 
174 
 
 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 
 Eatler, 
 
 
 Cherokee, 
 
 Cliilders, 
 
 
 Arab, ^ 
 
 
 Sumter, 
 
 
 Coquette, 
 
 ■• V.V 
 
 Flirtilla, 
 
 
 Jeannett, 
 
 x>r 
 
 Sir Charles, 
 
 
 Tariff; 
 
 
 Janette, 
 
 
 Gohanna, 
 
 Napoleon, 
 
 
 Phillis, 
 
 Full sister to Napoleon, 
 
 Creeping Kate, 
 
 Eeap Hook, 
 
 
 Robert Adair, 
 
 Contention, 
 
 
 Lady Burton, 
 
 Lady Lightfoot, 
 
 
 Fantail, 
 
 Sir Henry- 
 
 
 Giles Scroggins, 
 
 Sir WiUiam, 
 
 
 Sir Arthur, 
 
 Muckle John, 
 
 
 Pirate, 
 
 Marion, 
 
 
 Lady La Grange, 
 
 Tecumseh, 
 
 
 Earity, 
 
 Saxe "Weimar, 
 
 
 Kosciusko, 
 
 Kate Kearney, 
 
 
 
 And many others not recollected. 
 
 rican Turf Registe 
 
 r, vol. i., 
 
 1829. 
 
 
 Bred by Mr. Brodnax. 
 
 Tours, &c. 
 
MEMOIR 
 
 DIOMED, SIRE OF SIR ARCHY AND DUROC— AND GRAY 
 DIOMED, SIRE OF DUROC'S DAM, AMANDA. 
 
 "Washington, October^ 1829. 
 
 As connected with the memoir of Duroc, a notice of Diomed, 
 his sire, and of Gray Diomed, the sire of his dam, Amanda, 
 may not be unacceptable. 
 
 Diomed, by Florizel ; dam by Spectator — see General Stud 
 Book, page 193 — was a very distinguished racer in England, 
 the first winner of the Derby ; and as a stallion, although 
 placed in competition with Highflyer, Sir Peter Teazel, Rock- 
 ingham, Pegasus, &c., was no less celebrated. His progeny in 
 England were, 
 
 Tortoise, . . . foaled 1786 
 
 David, 1790 
 
 Hermione, .... 1780 
 
 Fanny, 1790 
 
 B. c. out of Carina, . . 1790 
 Hackabout, . . . .1791 
 F. out of Active, . . 1790 
 Ch. c. out of Sir Peter's sister, 1794 
 Whiskey, . . . .1789 
 Little Pickle, . . . 1790 
 Champion, . . . ) 1790 
 Hero, ....>• 1792 
 Sister to Champion and Hero, ) 1793 
 Michael, .... 1790 
 
 C. out of Crane, . . . 1793 
 B. f ■ out of Danae, . . 1788 
 Ch. f. Desdemona (see General 
 
 Stud Book, page 274), . 1788 
 
 Rosabella's dam, , . . 1793 
 Speculator, . , . 1794 
 
 Dam of Whiskey (See General 
 
 Stud Book, page 275), . 1785 
 
 Gray Diomed, one of the most " 
 celebrated horses that ever 
 ran in England ; afterwards 
 ran with such success in Rus- 
 sia, that several of his stock 
 were sent for from that em- 
 pire. 
 
 Ch. f. sister to Gray Diomed, 
 
 Ch. c. brother to Gray Dio- 
 med, .... 
 
 Robin Grey, 
 
 Cedar, .... 
 
 Greyhound, 
 
 Poplar, .... 
 
 B. c. out of Dax, 
 
 Monkey, 
 
 Montezuma, 
 
 Quetlavaca, .... 
 
 Guatimozin, 
 
 Ch. f. sister to do. . 
 
 Ch. c. out of Grenadier's dam, 
 
 Ch, f. out of Isabel, . 
 
 1788 
 
 1789 
 1790 
 1793 
 1794 
 1795 
 1791 
 
 foaled 1786 
 
 . 1788 
 
 . ( 1788 
 
 ( 1790 
 
 1791 
 
 1793 
 
176 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 C. out of Fleacatcher, foaled"] 1790 Brother to Amazon, foaled) 1789 
 
 Sister to do. . I 1787 Amazon, . . . . > 1792 
 
 Sir Charles, brother to do. f 1790 Sister to do. . . . ) 1793 
 
 Wrangler, do. J 1791 B. f. out of Cheesecake, . 1791 
 
 Brother to Butterfly, . . 1794 Ch. f. out of Mrs. Siddons, . 1792 
 
 Giantess, . . . W790 Brother to Venture, . . 1794 
 
 Young Giantess, . . [-1790 Ch. f. out of Mopsqueeser, . 1790 
 
 Pamela, . . . . ) 1791 Young Noisette, . . 1789 
 
 Tom, 1790 B. c. out of Rosaletta, . . 1790 
 
 Anthony, . . . ) 1789 Aramanthe, . . . 1788 
 
 Sister to do, . . . \ 1790 Valiant, . . . . ) 1785 
 
 Glaucus, ... J 1786 Victor, . . . . [ 1786 
 
 Lais, . . . . y 1787 Brother to do. , . N 1787 
 
 Brother to do. . . ) 1789 B. f. out of Temperance, . 1788 
 
 Foreigner, . . . . i 1790 Laurentina, .... 1794 
 Sister to do. (Snug's dam) ] 1793 B. c. out of Tulip, . . 1794 
 
 At twenty-two years old, Diomed was imported into Vir- 
 ginia by the late Col. John Hoomes, of the Bowling Green. 
 The most distinguished of his get in Virginia — I write from 
 memory, and if wrong, ask for correction — were. 
 
 Sir Archy, dam by Eockingham, bred by Col. Tayloe, after- 
 wards owned and run by "W. R. Johnson, Esq.* foaled 1805 
 
 Florizel, dam by Shark — in 1S05, beat Peace Makei', 
 the celebrated matcli, four-mile heats — Major Ball, . 1802 
 
 Potomac, ran and won at Petersburg, two miles in 
 3m. 43s. ; the quickest race to this day in America — Mr. 
 Wilkes, 1801 
 
 Peace Maker, bred by Col. Hoomes, afterwards owned 
 and run by Col. Tayloe, 1801 
 
 Top Gallant, dam by Shark — Mr. Clayton ; after- 
 wards owned and run by Col. Tayloe, .... 1801 
 
 Hamlintoniau, dam by Shark — Mr. Hamlin ; after- 
 wards owned and run by Col. Tayloe, .... 1801 
 
 Vingtun, dam by Clockfast— sold in 1803 for $2750— 
 Gen. Wade Hampton and Gov. Ed. Lloyd, . . . 1801 
 
 Stump the Dealer, dam by Clockfast — W. E. Johnson 
 and Ealph Wormeley, Esq., 1801 
 
 Duroc, dam by Gray Diomed — Wade Mosby, Esq. — 
 W. M. and Mr. Badffer 1806 
 
 * It has been stated, but I believe on no good ground, that the imported Gabriel 
 bv Dornnaut — a very distinguished horse and sire of those excellent horses, Post 
 Boy, Oscar and Earlequin — was also sire of Sir Archy. 
 
GET OF DIOMED. 1T7 
 
 Hampton, dam by Gray Diomed — Gen. Hampton — 
 
 Mr. J. V. Bond, foaled 180G 
 
 Com. Truxton, — Gen. Andrew Jackson, . . 180G 
 
 The dam of Henry, 180G 
 
 And the dam of Eliza White, . . . . 1800 
 
 Gray Diomed, sire of Amanda, was by the imported Med- 
 ley ; his dam by Sloe ; grandam by Yampire, &c. — was foaled. 
 May, 1786. Of his races previous to 1793, when purchased of 
 Mr. Richard Brooke by Col. Tayloe for $800, 1 am not informed. 
 In August, 1793, he won a match, 4 miles, beating Mr. Page's 
 famous Isabella at the Bowling Green. In October, he won 
 there a jockey club purse. In November he won a jockey 
 club purse at Petersburg. In September, 179-4, he Avon tlie 
 jockey club purse, four-mile heats, at the Bowling Green. In 
 October he won the jockey club purse, four-mile heats, at 
 Chestertown, Md., beating Gen. Pidgely's famous Cincinnatus, 
 then four years old. During the same month he won the jockey 
 club purse at Annapolis, beating Cincinnatus, the equally famed 
 Virginia Nell, Nantoaki, and others — on which occasion there 
 were two striking evidences of bottom ; through mistake, after 
 winning the heat, another mile was run, terminating in a dead 
 heat, between him and Cincinnatus. In the next heat, soon 
 after starting, in endeavoring to pass on the inner side, he cut 
 within the pole, had to return, and barely saved his distance ; 
 running the whole heat at his utmost speed ; yet was winner 
 of the race. In December, when winning at Alexandria, lie 
 fell over a dog, by which accident he lost the race. He started 
 but once more, for a' sweepstakes at Leeds, against Mr. Wash- 
 ington's horse, and Mr. Butler's mare, but being lame he lost, 
 beating the latter. Sold by Col. Tayloe in 1798 to Mr. J. Blick 
 for $2200.— America?i Turf Begister, vol. i., 1829. 
 
 Vol. I.— 12 
 
MEMOIE 
 
 OF AMERICAN ECLIPSE. 
 
 The portrait, accompanying this memoir, of the celebrated 
 racer, " American Eclipse," was engraved by Messrs. Capewell 
 and Kimmell, of this city, from the original j)ainting, made by 
 Mr. Fisher, of Boston, for the late Charles Henry Hall, Esq., of 
 New York, and is acknowledged by all good judges to be an 
 excellent likeness. This horse is now fifteen years old, chestnut, 
 with a star, and the near hind foot white ; is fifteen hands one 
 inch high, and possesses a large share of bone and mnscle. 
 Eclipse was foaled at Dosoris, Queens county. Long Island,- on 
 the 25th May, 1814, and was reai-ed by the late Gen. Nathaniel 
 Coles, the breeder, in whose possession he remained till the 
 IStli March, 1819, when he became the property of Mr. Yan 
 Ranst. His sire was Duroc ; his dam. Miller's Damsel, by 
 Messenger ; his grandam the English PotSos mare, imported at 
 three years old, in 1795, by William Constable, Esq., of New 
 York. PotSos sired by the celebrated English Eclipse ; his 
 great grandam by Gimcrack ; Gimcrack by Cripple ; and Crip- 
 ple by the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 •From a memorandum in the handwriting of Gen. Nathaniel 
 Coles, the breeder, it appears that he was reared in the follow- 
 ing manner. The colt was weaned on the 10th of November. 
 At the commencement of winter, fed with four quarts of shorts, 
 which was increased during the winter to eight quarts per day ; 
 hay, clover dampened. 
 
 Second year, in the spring, turned to grass with no grain. 
 November 10th, put up — fed with eight quarts shorts per day ; 
 during winter, shorts increased to ten quarts — hay, the same as 
 first winter. 
 
 Third year, turned to grass, with four quarts shorts per day. 
 September 1st, commenced breaking — feed, eight quarts oats — ■ 
 
AMERICAN ECLIPSE. 179 
 
 through the winter, hay as formerly — grain, ground corn and 
 oats, equal to eleven quarts oats. March 1st, commenced and 
 trained for nine weeks, then gave a trial of two miles, and found 
 the colt very superior. 
 
 Fourth year, in summer turned to grass — fed with ground 
 oats and corn, equal to nine quarts oats — in winter, hay as for- 
 merly, Avith nine quarts oats per day, till the first March, 1818, 
 when commenced training ; feed, oats and cracked corn, equal 
 to twelve quarts oats. 
 
 Fifth year, late in May, 1818, ran the three-mile heats at 
 Newmarket, on Long Island, and won the first day's purse with 
 ease, beating Black-eyed Susan, and Sea Gull, then called the 
 best three-mile horse of the day ; turned to grass first June, 
 with about six quarts of oats a day ; in winter, fed with hay as 
 before, with ground corn and oats. March 15th, 1819, sold 
 Eclipse to Mr. Van Eanst. 
 
 At five months old, while a suckling, he gave his owner such 
 a sample of stride, strength and speed, that he was at that time 
 named " American Eclipse." 
 
 "While a colt he was not confined, but during the winter 
 season turned out every fiiir day. He was first shod in the 
 spring, when three years old. 
 
 In June, 1819, he won the Jockey Club's purse of $500, run- 
 ning the four-mile heats over the Bath course, beating Mr. 
 Purdy's horse, Little John, by the Virginia Potomac ; Mr. 
 Bond's horse Eclipse, by First Consul ; and Mr. Potter's horse, 
 James Fitz James, by Sir Archy. 
 
 In October, 1819, he again ran the four-mile heats at Bath, 
 winning the purse of $500, beating Mr. Purdy's horse, Little 
 John ; Mr. Schenck's horse, Fearnought ; and Mr. Bond's colt ; 
 the two latter being withdrawn the second heat. The Bath 
 course measured fifteen links over a mile ; the first heat of this 
 race was run in eight minutes and thirteen seconds, and the 
 second in eight minutes and eight seconds. 
 
 In the spring of 1820, Eclipse stood to mares on Long Island, 
 at $12 50 the season. In the spring of 1821, he again covered 
 as a common stallion, at $12 50 the season, and covered eighty- 
 seven mares ; nor was it contemplated to bring him again upon 
 .the tmf: but the leo;islature of the State of ]^ew York having: 
 
180 THE HOESE. 
 
 new modelled tlie law respecting racing, and a society being 
 re-organized specially for the improvement of onr breed ot 
 horses, Mr. Yan Kanst was induced again to put Eclipse in 
 training for the four-mile heats to be run over the New Union 
 course, eight-miles from Brooklyn, and near the Jamaica Turn- 
 pike, in October of that year. 
 
 From an opinion, long entertained by sportsmen, that cover- 
 ing renders a horse unfit for the race, the friends of Eclipse 
 questioned the policy of again running him ; but the event 
 proved that, so far as he was concerned, the opinion was un- 
 founded. 
 
 The races commenced the 15th of October, 1821, when four 
 horses started for the purse of $500, to run the four-mile heats ; 
 viz. American Eclipse ; Mr. Sleeper's brown mare. Lady Light- 
 foot, by Sir Archy ; Mr. Schenck's horse. Flag of Truce, by 
 Sir Solomon ; and Mr. Schomj)'s horse, Heart of Oak. The two 
 last named horses were drawn after the first heat, and Lady 
 Lightfoot was distanced in the second, being nine years old — 
 she had run upwards of twenty races — some very severe ones ; 
 and was out of order. 
 
 The bets at starting were two to one on the mare. The 
 mare led until the last quarter of the first heat, when Eclipse 
 passed her, coming in two lengths ahead. In the second heat 
 Eclipse passed her in running the third mile, and from that time 
 left her alone. The time was, first heat, eight minutes and 
 four seconds ; the second heat, eight minutes and two seconds, 
 and the course measured thirty feet over a mile. 
 
 In the following week. Eclipse was exhibited at the annual 
 exhibition of the New York county Agricultural Society, and 
 received the society's first premium, $50, for the best stallion. 
 
 In May, 1822, Eclipse won the purse of $700 for four-mile 
 heats at the Union course, beating Mr. Badger's five-year-old 
 horse. Sir Walter, by Hickory. A bet of considerable amount 
 was made by the owners of the two horses on the first heat, 
 which, with the second heat, was won by Eclipse. Time, first 
 heat, seven minutes and fifty-four seconds ; second heat, eight 
 minutes. 
 
 In October, 1822, he again ran the four-mile heats at the 
 Union course, for tlie $1000 purse, which he won, beating a 
 
AMERICAN ECLIPSE. l8l 
 
 second time, Mr. Badger's liorse, Sir Walter ; Mr. Sleeper's bay 
 mare, Duchess of Marlborough, by Sir Archy ; and Mr. Jack- 
 son's mare, Slow and Easy, by Duroc. The first heat was run 
 in se^en minutes and fifty-eight seconds, when the two mares 
 were withdrawn, and Sir Walter stopping short in the second 
 heat. Eclipse came in at his leisure. A day or two previous to 
 this race, a challenge appeared in the Kew York papers by 
 Mr. James J. Harrison, of Brunswick, Ya., in wliicli he offered 
 to " run Sir Charles against the American Eclipse, over the 
 Washington course, four-mile heats, agreeably to the rules of the 
 course, for five or ten thousand dollars." This challenge was 
 promptly accepted by Mr. Yan Ranst, who, as two sums were 
 named by Mr. Harrison, chose the greatest, that the object of 
 the contest might correspond with the fame of the hoi'ses. 
 
 The forfeit money, $5000 each, having been deposited, the 
 time for running was fixed for the 20tli of November. At the 
 hour of starting, both horses were brought out and the riders 
 mounted ; but instead of running agreeably to the challenge, 
 Mr. Harrison gave notice that as his horse had met with an 
 accident, he would pay the forfeit. He at the same time pro- 
 posed to run a single four-mile heat, for $1500 each, which being 
 instantly agreed to, the horses started. Eclipse taking the lead. 
 On the last round, Sir Charles broke down. The two first 
 rounds were run in one minute and fifty -five seconds each, and 
 the heat in eight minutes and four seconds. In this race. Sir 
 Charles carried 120 lbs., Eclipse 126 lbs. 
 
 In the evening of the same day, William K. Johnson, Esq., 
 of Petersburg, Ya., offered to produce a horse, on the last Tues- 
 day in May, 1823, to run the four-mile heats against Eclipse, 
 over the Union course on Long Island, agreeably to the rules 
 of that course, for $20,000 a side, $3000 forfeit. 
 
 This challenge was immediately accepted by Mr. John C. 
 Stephens ; in consequence of which Col. Johnson, on the day 
 mentioned, appeared on the race with a four-year-old chestnut 
 colt, called Henry — John Richards, intended for the race, hav- 
 ing been lamed — about fifteen hands one inch high, which had 
 been bred by Mr. Lemuel Long, near Halifax, Korth Carolina. 
 Henry was sired by Sir Archy ; his dam by Diomed ; her dam 
 by Bell Air; hers by Pilgrim; hers by Janus; hers by Jolly 
 
182 THE HORSE. 
 
 Roger ; liers by Yaliant — imported lioi'ses. About half-past 12 
 o'clock, both horses started. Eclipse was rode by "VYm. Crafts ; 
 Henry by a young lad, Henry took the lead, and maintained 
 it through the lieat. They came in together, Henry beating 
 Eclipse by half a length, but apparently " hard in hand." — Bets 
 on the second heat, three to one on Henry. 
 
 During the second heat. Eclipse was rode by Mr. Purdy. 
 Henry again took the lead, and kept it until the last quarter of 
 the third mile, when Purdy made a push, and Eclipse passed 
 his rival at the commencement of the fourth mile. An attempt 
 was made by Henry's rider to recover his ground, but in vain. 
 He was beat by about thirty feet. Henry reined in on passing 
 the distance pole, the loss of the heat being evident. 
 
 When the horses were brought out for the third heat, the 
 great trainer, Arthur Taylor, mounted Henry, instead of the boy 
 who rode him the two first heats. On starting. Eclipse took 
 the lead, which he kept to the end of the race, coming in about 
 three lengths ahead of Henry, both at their utmost speed — 
 Henry in this heat having been reserved for the last quarter. 
 
 The time of running the three heats, as given by the judges, 
 Gen. Ridgely, of Baltimore ; Captain Cox, of Washington ; and 
 John Allen, Esq., of Philadelphia, was as follows : 
 
 First heat, 7 niin. 37^ sec. — second heat, 7 min. 49 sec. — 
 third heat, 8 min. 24 sec. 
 
 Twelve miles in 23 minutes and 50^ seconds. 
 
 The weights carried were — Eclipse, 126 lbs. — Henry, 108. 
 Weights, according to racing calculations, are so nicely regu- 
 lated to correspond with age, that no advantage was given to 
 Henry, as has been said ; on the contrary, according to the 
 long established usage of weights on the Southern courses, now 
 introduced at New York, Eclipse had an advantage of 8 lbs. — 
 more than a distance — 7 lbs. = 240 yards. 
 
 On the day previous to the race, a number of gentlemen 
 visited the course with a surveyor, and finding it thirty feet 
 over a mile, reduced it as nearly to a mile as could conveniently 
 be done, leaving it still eighteen inches over. It is said, how- 
 ever, from the difference in the nature of the ground, to be four 
 or five seconds quicker than the Tree Hill course. 
 
 Immediately after the race, Col. W. R. Johnson challenged 
 
AMERICAN ECLIPSE, 183 
 
 J. C. Stevens, Esq., and the friends of Eclipse, to run Henry 
 against Eclipse the ensuing fall, over the Washington course, 
 for any sum from twenty to fifty thousand dollars — forfeit, ten 
 thousand dollars. The challenge was declined, and the resolu- 
 tion then announced has been adhered to, " never, on any con- 
 sideration, to risk "the life and reputation of the noble animal, 
 whose generous and almost incredible exertions, have gained 
 for the north so signal a victory, and for himself, such well- 
 earned and never-fading renown." 
 
 Eclipse was accordingly withdrawn from the turf and put to 
 covering. He stood one season, at Boydton, in Yirginia, at $75, 
 and $100 to insure — and one or two short seasons at Baltimore, 
 at $50 — and since then, we believe, in New York, Kentucky, 
 and elsewhere.* 
 
 THE GEEAT MATCH RACE BETWEEN" ECLIPSE AND HEXRY. 
 
 DESCRIBED BT AN OLD TURFMAN, C. E. GOLDEN, ESQ. 
 From the Am. Sporting Magazine, Vol. ii., No. 1, p. 3. 
 
 New Yoke, July 3, 1830. 
 Mk. Edito r ; 
 
 As I luwe never seen in print a full, correct, and impartia. 
 account of the following great race, and having, at the time, 
 committed my observations to paper, I now transmit them. As 
 many of your readers may not have witnessed this far-famed 
 performance, to such this relation may be interesting ; should 
 you, therefore, deem it worth a place in your entertaining pub- 
 lication, you are at liberty to insert it. 
 
 Great Match Race between American Eclipse and Henry, over the 
 Union Course, Long Island, 3Iay Ttth, 1823. Heats four miles, 
 for $20,000. The Southern gentlemen to he alloived to name their 
 horse at the starting post. 
 
 Doubts were entertained, by some of the Xew York sports- 
 men, to the last moment, whether this great match would be 
 contested by the Virginia gentlemen. They, it was perfectly 
 understood, had left Yirginia, with five horses, selected from 
 the best racers which ISTorth Carolina and Virginia could boast 
 
 * Eclipse died on the 11th day of July, 1847, on the farm of Jilson Yates, Esq., 
 near Shelbyville, Ky., aged thirty-three years and forty-six days.— Ed. 
 
184 THE HORSK. 
 
 of, and proceeded to the estate of Mr. Bela Badger, adjacent 
 to Bristol, in Pennsylvania, distant from the Union course, ahout 
 ninety miles, where, having a fine course upon which to exer- 
 cise and try their horses, they had made a halt. 
 
 The horses selected for this great occasion, as also to contend 
 for the three purse races to be run for, on the three days subsequent 
 to the match, heats of four, three, and two miles ; were Betsey 
 Richards, five years old ; her full brother, John Richards, four 
 years; Henry, four years; Flying Childers, five years; all by 
 Sir Archy ; and Washington, four years old, by Timoleon, a 
 son of Sir Arch3\ With one of the three first named, it was 
 the intention of Mr. William R. Johnson to run the match. 
 Of these, at the time he left home, John Richards was his 
 favorite; his next choice was Henry, and thirdly, the mare; 
 although some of the Southern gentlemen — and amongst others 
 General Wynn — gave their opinion in favor of running the 
 mare, fearing lest Henry might get frightened by so large a 
 crowd of people and swerve from the track. 
 
 Unfortunately for the Yirginians, their favorite, John Rich- 
 ards, in a trial race, while at Mr. Badger's, met with an accident, 
 by receiving a cut in the heel or frog of one of his fore feet, 
 which rendered it necessary to throw him out of train ; AVash- 
 ington also fell amiss, and he and Richards were left behind at 
 Mr. Badger's. With the other three the Southern sportsmen 
 proceeded to the Union course, where they arrived five or six 
 days previous to that fixed upon for the match. 
 
 The ill-fortune which befell the Yirginians, by laming their 
 best horse in the onset, seemed to pursue them, for scarcely had 
 they arrived at Long Island, and become fixed in their new 
 quarters, when Mr. Johnson, the principal on their part, upon 
 whose management =and attention their success in a great mea- 
 sure depended, was seized with, indisposition, so sudden and 
 violent, as to confine him not only to his room, but to his bed, 
 which he was unable to leave on the day of the race. Thus 
 the Southrons, deprived of their leader, whose skill and judg- 
 ment, whether in the way of stable preparation, or generalship 
 in the field, could be supplied by none other, had to face their 
 opponents under circumstances thus far disadvantageous and 
 discouraging. Notwithstanding these unexpected and untoward 
 
DESCKIPTION OF SIK irENRT. 185 
 
 events, tliey met the coming contest manfully, having full and 
 unimpaired confidence in their two remaining horses, Henry 
 and Betsey Kichards, and backed their opinion to the moment 
 of starting. 
 
 At length the rising snn gave promise that the eventful day 
 would prove line and nnclouded. I Avas in the field at the peep 
 of dawn, and observed that the Southern horse and mare, led by 
 Harry Curtis in their walk, were both plated, treated alike, and 
 both in readiness for the approaching contest. It was yet unknown 
 to the Northern sportsmen which was to be their competitor. 
 
 The road from JSTew York to the course, a distance of eight 
 miles, was covered by horsemen, and a triple line of carriages, 
 in an unbroken chain, from the dawn of day until one o'clock, 
 the appointed hour of starting. The stands on the ground, for 
 the reception of spectators, were crowded to excess at an early 
 hour, and the club house, and balcony extending along its whole 
 front, was filled by ladies ; the whole track, or nearly so, for a 
 mile distance in circuit, was lined on the inside by carriages 
 and horsemen, and the throng of pedestrians surpassed all be- 
 lief — not less than sixty thousand spectators were corrvputed to 
 he in the field. 
 
 About half-past twelve o'clock Henry made his appearance 
 on the course, as the champion of the South, and was soon con- 
 fronted by his antagonist. 
 
 I shall now endeavor to give a brief description of these 
 noted racers. 
 
 Henry is a dark sorrel, or chestnut color, with one hind 
 foot wdiite, and a small star in the forehead ; his mane and tail 
 about two shades lighter than that of his body ; he has been rep- 
 resented as being fifteen hands and one inch high, but having 
 taken his measure, his exact height is only fourteen hands three 
 and a half inches. His form is compact, bordering upon 
 what is termed pony-built, with a good shoulder, fine clean 
 head, and all those points which constitute a fine forehand ; his 
 barrel is strong, and well ribbed up towards the hip ; waist 
 rather short ; chine bone strong, rising or arched a little over 
 the loin, indicative of ability to carry weight ; sway short ; the 
 loin full and strong ; haunches strong, and well let down ; hind 
 quarters somewhat high, and sloping ofif from the coupling to the 
 
186 THE H0E8E. 
 
 croup ; thighs full and muscular, without being fleshy ; hocks, or 
 houghs, strong, wide, and pretty well let down ; legs remark- 
 ably fine, with a full proportion of bone ; back sinew, or Achilles 
 tendon, large, and well detached from the canon bone ; stands 
 firm, clear, and even, moves remarkably well, with his feet in 
 line ; i30ssesses great action and muscular power, and although 
 rather under size, the exquisite symmetry of his form indicates 
 uncommon strength and hardihood. He was bred by Mr. Le- 
 muel Long, near Halifax, in the State of North Carolina, and 
 foaled on the 17th day of June, 1819. He was got by Sir 
 Archy, son of imported chestnut Diomed, his dam by Diomed, 
 grandam by Bel-Air, g. g, dam by Pilgrim, g. g. g. dam by 
 Janus, g. g. g. g. dam by Jolly Roger, g. g. g. g. g. dam by 
 Valiant; which four last named are imported horses, and are 
 to be found in the English Stud-Book. 
 
 Eclipse is a dark* sorrel horse, with a star, the near hind 
 foot white, said to be fifteen hands three inches in height, but 
 in fact measures, by the standard, only fifteen hands and two 
 inches. He possesses great power and substance, being well 
 spread and full made throughout his whole frame, his general 
 mould being much heavier than what is commonly met with in 
 the thoroughbred blood-horse ; he is, however, right in the 
 cardinal points, very deep in the girth, with a good length of 
 waist ; loin wide and strong ; shoulder by no means fine, being 
 somewhat thick and heavy, yet strong and deep ; breast wide, 
 and ap]3arently too full, and too much spread for a horse of 
 great speed ; arms long, strong, and muscular ; head by no 
 means fine ; neck somewhat defective, the junction with the head 
 having an awkward appearance, and too fleshy, and bagging too 
 much upon the underside near the throttle ; his fore legs, from 
 the knee downwards, are short and strong, with a large share 
 of bone and sinew ; upon the whole his forehand is too heavy. 
 To counterbalance this, his hind quarters are as near perfection 
 as it is possible to imagine. From the hooks, or hip bone, to 
 the extremity of the hind quarter, including the whole sweep 
 from the hip to the hough, he has not an equal ; with long and 
 full muscular thighs, let down almost to the houghs, which are 
 
 * We should not call him a dark chestnut 
 
PEDIGEEE OF ECLIPSE. 187 
 
 also particularly long, and well let down upon the cannon bone ; 
 legs short, with large bone and strong tendon, well detached, 
 ujjon which he stands clear and even. Although his form 
 throughout denotes uncommon strength, yet to the extraordi- 
 nary line construction of his hind quarters, I conceive him 
 indebted for his great racing powers, continuance, and ability, 
 equal to any weight. I have closely observed him in his gal- 
 lops ; if he have a fault, it is that of falling a little too heavy 
 on his fore feet, and dwelling a little too long on the ground ; but 
 then the style and regularity witli which he brings up his haunches, 
 and throws his gaskins forward, overbalance other defects. 
 
 He was sired by Duroc, a Virginia horse, bred by Wade 
 Moseby, Esq., and got by imported chestnut Diomed, out of 
 Amanda, by Gray Diomed, a son of old Medley. His — Eclipse's 
 ' — dam was the noted gray mare Miller's Damsel, got by imported 
 Messenger. His grandam, an English mare, imported when 
 three years old, in 1795, by William Constable, Esq., of New 
 York, bred by Lord Grosvenor, and sired by PotSos, son of 
 English Eclipse. His g. g. dam by Gimcrack, Gimcrack by 
 Cripple, and Cripple by the Godolphin Arabian. He was bred 
 by General IN^athaniel Coles, of Queens County, Long Island, 
 and foaled on the 25th of May, 1814. 
 
 All horses date their age from the 1st of January. Tlius a 
 horse foaled any time in the year 1819, would be considered 
 four years old on the 1st day of January, 1823. Consequently, 
 Henry, although not four years old complete until the 17th day 
 of June, had, on the 27th of May, to carry the regulated weight 
 — agreeably to the then rules of the course — for a four-year-old, 
 viz. 108 lbs. Eclipse, being nine years old, carried weight for 
 an aged horse, 126 lbs. 
 
 At length the appointed hour arrived, the word was given to 
 saddle, and immediately afterward to mount. Eclipse was rid- 
 den by William Crafts, dressed in a crimson jacket and cap, and 
 Henry by a Virginia boy, of the name of John Walden, dressed 
 in a sky-blue jacket, with cap of same color. The custom on the 
 Union Course is to run to the left about, or with the left hand next 
 to the poles ; Eclipse, by lot, had the left, or inside station at the 
 start. Sir Henry took his ground about twenty-five feet wide of 
 him, to the right, with the evident intention of nudving a run in a 
 
188 THE HORSE. 
 
 Btraiglit line for the lead. The preconcerted signal was a single 
 tap of the drum. All was now breathless anxiety ; the horses came 
 lip evenly ; the eventful signal Avas heard, they went off hand- 
 somely together ; Henry, apparently quickest, made play from the 
 score, obtained the lead, and then took a hard pull. By the 
 time they had gone the first quarter of a mile, which brought 
 them round the first turn, to the commencement of what ia 
 termed the back side of the course, which is a straight run, 
 comprising the second quarter of a mile, he was full three lengths 
 ahead ; this distance he with little variation maintained, running 
 steadily, witli a hard pull, during the first, second, tliird, and 
 for about three-fourths of the fourth round or mile ; the pace 
 all this time a killing one. It may be proper to note, that the 
 course is nearly an oval, of one mile, with tliis small variation, 
 that the back and front are straight lines of about a quarter of 
 a mile each, connected at each extremity by semicircles of also 
 a quarter of a mile each. When the horses were going the last 
 round, being myself well mounted, I took my station at tlie 
 commencement of the stretch or last quarter, where I expected 
 a violent exertion would be made at this last straight run in, 
 when they left the straight part on the back of the course, and 
 entered upon the last turn. Henry was, as heretofore, not less 
 than three lengths in the clear ahead. They had not proceeded 
 more than twenty rods upon the first part of the sweep, when 
 Eclipse made play, and the spur and whip were both applied 
 freely ; when they were at the extreme point or centre of the 
 sweep, I observed the right hand of Crafts disengaged from 
 his bridle, making free use of his whip ; when they had swept 
 about three-fourths of the way round the turn, and had ad- 
 vanced within twenty-five rods of my station, I clearly saw 
 that Crafts was making every exertion with both spur and whip 
 to get Eclipse forward, and scored him sorely, both before and 
 behind the girths ; at this moment Eclipse threw his tail into 
 the air, and flirted it up and down, after the manner of a tired 
 horse, or one in distress and great pain ; and John Buckley, the 
 jockey — and present trainer — who I kept stationed by my side, 
 observed, " Eclipse is done." When they passed me about the 
 commencement of the stretch, seventy to eighty rods from home, 
 the space between them was about sixteen feet, or a full length 
 
THE FIRST HEAT. 1S9 
 
 and a half in the clear. Here the rider of Henry turned his 
 head round, and took a view for an instant of his adversary ; 
 "Walden used neither whip nor spur ; but maintained a hard and 
 steady ];>ull, under which his horse appeared accustomed to run. 
 Crafts continued to make free use of the whip ; his right hand in 
 so doing was necessarily disengaged from the bridle, his arm often 
 raised high in air, his body thrown abroad, and his seat loose 
 and unsteady ; not having strength to hold and gather his horse 
 with one hand, and at the same time keep his proper position ; 
 in order to acquire a greater purchase, he had thrown his body 
 quite back to the cantle of the saddle, stuck his feet forward 
 by way of bracing himself with the aid of the stirrups, and in 
 this style he was belaboring his horse going in the last quarter. 
 Buckley exclaimed — and well he might — " Good G — d, look at 
 Billy." From this place to the winning post. Eclipse gained 
 but a few feet, Henry coming in ahead about a length in the 
 clear. The shortest time of this heat, as returned by the judges 
 on the stand, was T min. 37^ sec. Many watches, and mine 
 — which was held by a gentleman on the stand — among others, 
 made it 7 min. 40 sec. ; and this time the Southern gentlemen 
 reported — see Mr. Johnson's letter of the 28th of May, ad- 
 dressed to Mr. Crawford, editor of the Yirginia Times. 
 
 I pushed immediately up to the winning post, in order to 
 view the situation of the respective horses, after this very try- 
 ing and severe heat ; for it was in fact running the whole four 
 miles. Hem-y was less distressed than I expected to find him, 
 Eclipse also bore it well, but of the two, he appeared the 
 most jaded ; the injudicious manner in which he had been 
 ridden, had certainly annoyed, and unnecessarily distressed him ; 
 the cause of his throwing out his tail, and flirting it up and 
 down, as already observed, was now apparent ; Crafts, in using 
 his whip wildly, had struck him too far back, and had cut him 
 not only upon his sheath, but had made a deep incision upon 
 his testicles, and it was no doubt the violent pain occasioned 
 thereby, that caused the noble animal to complain, and motion 
 with his tail, indicative of the torture he suffered. The blood 
 flowed profusely from one or both of these foul cuts, and trick- 
 ling down the inside of his hind legs, appeared conspicuously 
 
190 THE HORSE. 
 
 upon the white hind foot, and gave a more doleful appearance 
 
 to the discouraging scene of a lost heat. 
 
 The incapacity of Crafts to manage Eclipse — who required 
 much urging, and at the same time to be pulled hard — was ap- 
 parent to all ; he being a slender made lad, in body weight • 
 about 100 lbs. only. A person interested in the event, seeing 
 Buckley, who had ridden the horse on a former occasion, with 
 me, requested that I would keep him within call, and ready to 
 ride in case of an emergency. It was, however, soon settled, 
 and announced, that Mr. Purdy would ride him the second 
 heat, upon which long faces grew shorter, and Northern hope 
 revived. — Six to four was, nevertheless, offered on the Southern 
 horse, but no takers. 
 
 Second Heat. — The horses, after a lapse of 30 minutes, were 
 called up for a second heat. I attentively viewed Eclipse while 
 saddling, and was surprised to find that to appearance he had not 
 only entirely recovered, but seemed full of mettle, lashing and 
 reacliing out with his hind feet, anxious and impatient to renew 
 the contest. Mr. Purdy having mounted his favorite, was per- 
 fectly at home, and self-confident. The signal being again 
 given, he went off rapidly from the start; Henry being 
 now entitled to the inside, took the track, and kept the lead, 
 followed closely by Eclipse, whom Mr. Purdy at once brought 
 to his work, knowing that game and stoutness was his play, 
 and his only chance of success, that of driving his speedy ad- 
 versary, up to the top of his rate, without giving him the least 
 respite. Henry went steadily on, nearly at the top of liis sj^eed, 
 keeping a gap open between himself and Eclipse, of about 
 twenty feet without much variation, for about two miles and 
 seven eighths, or until towards the conclusion of the third 
 mile they had arrived nearly opposite the four-mile distance 
 post. Here Mr. Purdy made his run, and when they had ad- 
 vanced forty rods further, which brought them to the end of the 
 third mile, was close up, say nose and tail. They now entered 
 upon the fourth and last mile, which commences with a turn or 
 sweep the moment you leave the starting post. Here the 
 crowd was immense ; I was at this moment on liorseback, 
 stationed down the stretch or straight run, a short distance 
 below the winning post, in company with a friend, and Buck- 
 
THE SECOND HEAT. 191 
 
 lev, the jockey, who kept close to me during the whole race. 
 We pushed out into the centre, or open space of the ground, in 
 order to obtain a more distinct view of the struggle, which we 
 saw making, for the lead ; every thing depended uj^on this effort 
 of Purdy ; well he knew it ; his case was a desperate one, and 
 required a desperate attempt ; it was to risk all, for all ; he did 
 not hesitate. "When the horses had got about one third of the 
 w^ay round the sweep, they had so far cleared the crowd as to 
 afford us a distinct view of them a little before they reached 
 the centre of the turn ; Eclipse had lapped Henry about head 
 and girth, and appeared evidently in the act of passing. Here 
 Buckley vociferated, See Eclipse ! look at Purdy ! Ijj heaven, 
 on the inside ! I was all attention. Purdy was on the left 
 hand or inside of Henry ; I felt alarmed for the consequence, 
 satisfied that he had thus hazarded all ; I feared that AValden 
 would take advantage of his position, and by reining in, force 
 liim against or inside one of the poles. Wlien they had pro- 
 ceeded a little more than half way round the sweep, the horses 
 were a dead laj); when about three-fourths round. Eclipse's 
 quarter covered Henry's head and neck ; and just as they had 
 finished the bend, and were entering . upon the straight run, 
 which extends along the back part of the course. Eclipse for 
 the first time was fairly clear, and ahead. He now, with the 
 help of the persuaders, which were freely bestowed, kept up 
 his run, and continued gradually, though slowly, to gain during 
 the remaining tliree quarters of a mile, and came in about two 
 lengths ahead. As they passed up the stretch or last quarter 
 of a mile, the shouting, clapping of hands, waving of handker- 
 chiefs, long and loud applause sent forth by the Eclipse party, 
 exceeded all description ; it seemed to roll along the track as 
 the horses advanced, resembling the loud and reiterated shout 
 of contending armies. 
 
 I have been thus particular in stating that Mr. Purdy made 
 his pass on the inside, understanding that many gentlemen, and 
 particularly Mr, Stevens, the principal in the match on the part 
 of Eclipse — and for aught I know Mr. Purdy himself — insist 
 that the go hj was given on the outside. After the heat was 
 over, I found that my friend Mr. M. Buckley, and myself, were 
 far from the only persons that had observed the mode in which 
 
192 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Mr. Purely ran up and took the inside track from Lis adversary. 
 The circumstance was in the mouths of Inindreds. In corrobo- 
 ration of which, I will quote a passage from the Is^ew Yoi'k 
 Evening Post, of May 28th, 1823, giving a description of this 
 second lieat : — " Henry took the lead as in the first heat, until 
 about two-thirds around on the third mile, when Purdy seized 
 wdth a quickness and dexterity peculiar to himself, the favora- 
 ble moment that pj-esented, when appearing to aim at the out- 
 side, he might gain the inside, made a dash at him accordingly, 
 and j}assed him on the leftP 
 
 Here, then, the observations of many, independent of my 
 friend Mr. M, Buckley, or myself, added to the instantaneous 
 and striking remark of B., which did not fail to rivet my pecu- 
 liar attention, form a wonderful coincidence. Thus circum- 
 stanced, and long conversant with turf matters, rules, and 
 practices, and familiar with sights of this kind, it was impossible 
 I could be mistaken. I was not mistaken, the honest belief of 
 some gentlemen to the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 Time, this second heat, 7 minutes, 49 seconds. 
 
 Third Heat. — It was now given out, that in place of the 
 boy Walden, who had rode Henry the two preceding heals, 
 that Arthur Taylor, a trainer of great experience, and long a 
 rider, equalled by few, and surpassed by none, would ride him 
 this last and decisive heat. At the expiration of thirty minutes 
 the horses were once more summoned to the starting post, and 
 Purdy and Taylor mounted ; the word being given, they went 
 off at a quick rate ; Purdy now taking the lead, and pushing 
 Eclipse from the score ; and indeed, the whole four miles, ap- 
 plying the whip and spur incessantly ; evidently resolved to 
 give Henry no respite, but to cause him, if determined to 
 trail, to employ all his speed and strength, without keeping 
 any thing in reserve for the run in. Henry continued to trail, 
 apparently under a pull, never attempting to come up, until 
 they had both fairly entered the straight run towards the termi- 
 nation of the last mile, and had advanced within about sixty 
 rods from home. Here Henry, being about five yards behind, 
 made a dash, and ran up to Eclipse, so far as to cover his 
 quarter or haunch with his head, and for a moment had the 
 appearance of going past ; he made a severe struggle for about 
 
THE SECOND CHALLENGE. 193 
 
 two hundred yards, when he again fell in the rear, and gave up 
 the contest. 
 
 Thus terminated the most interesting race ever run in the 
 United States. Besides the original stake of $20,000 each, it 
 was judged that upwards of $200,000 changed hands. 
 
 In this last heat Henry carried 110 lbs., being two j)ounds 
 over his proper weight ; it not being possible to bring Arthur 
 Taylor to ride less, and although a small horse, and w^anting 
 twenty days of being four years old, he made the greatest ran 
 ever witnessed in America. 
 
 Time, this heat, 8 minutes, 24 seconds. 
 
 Thus the three heats, or twelve miles, were run in 23 min- 
 utes, 50|- seconds, or an average of 7 minutes, 57 seconds each 
 heat ; or 1 minute, 59 seconds per mile. 
 
 Notwithstanding this defeat, the Southern sportsmen contin- 
 ued to be inspired with so much confidence in their horse, that 
 they offered to renew the contest for a much larger amount, as 
 appears by the following challenge and the answer thereto, 
 which I give as connected with the event. 
 
 To John C. Stevens, Esq. 
 
 Long Island^ May 28, 1823. 
 
 Sir — I will run the horse Henry against the liorse Eclipse 
 at Washington city, next fall, the day before the Jockey Club 
 purse is run for, for any sum from twenty to fifty thousand dol- 
 lars ; forfeit ten thousand dollars. The forfeit and stake to be 
 deposited in the Branch Bank of the United States at Washing- 
 ton, at any nameable time, to be appointed by you. 
 
 Although this is addressed to you individually, it is intended 
 for all the betters on Eclipse, and if agreeable to you and them, 
 you may have the liberty of substituting at the starting post, in 
 the place of Eclipse, any horse, mare, or gelding, foaled and 
 owned on the northern and eastern side of the JSTorth River, pro- 
 vided, I have the liberty of substituting in the place of Henry, 
 at the starting post, any horse, mare, or gelding, foaled and 
 owned on the south side of the Potomac. As we propose run- 
 ning at Washington city, the rules of that Jockey Club must 
 govern of course. 
 
 I am respectfully, yours, 
 
 William R. Johnson. 
 Vol. I.— 13 
 
194: THE nOESE. 
 
 ANSWER. 
 
 Dear Sir — Tlie bet just decided was made under circum- 
 stances of excitement, which might in some measure apologize 
 for its rashness, but would scarcely justify it as an example; 
 and I trust the part I took in it, will not be considered as a 
 proof of my intention to become a patron of sjiorting on so ex- 
 tensive a scale. For myself, then, I must decline the offer. 
 For the gentlemen who with me backed Eclipse, their confidence 
 in his superiority, I may safely say, is not in the least impaired. 
 But even they do not hesitate to believe, that old age and hard 
 service may one day accomplish, what strength and fleetness, 
 directed by consummate skill, has hitherto failed to accom- 
 plish. 
 
 For Mr. Van Kanst I answer, that he owes it to the associa- 
 tion who have so confidently supported him, to the State at 
 large, who have felt and expressed so much interest in his suc- 
 cess, and to himself as a man, not totally divested of feeling, 
 never, on any consideration, to risk the life or reputation of the 
 noble animal, whose generous, and almost incredible exertions, 
 have gained for the North so signal a victory, and for himself 
 such well earned and never failing renown. 
 
 I remain, sir, your most obedient servant, 
 
 John C. Stevens. 
 "Wm. R. Johnson, Esq. 
 
 As Mr. Yan Eanst, in a little work issued from the press, at 
 his instance, entitled, " The History of American Eclipse," has 
 touched upon the comparative powers of the English race- 
 horses, of the past and present day, before I take leave of the 
 subject, I propose, hereafter, to offer a few remarks in reply. 
 
 An Old Turfman. 
 
PEDIGKEE 
 
 AND PERFOKMANCES OF ARIEL. 
 
 Fifty-seTen races— forty-two times a winner, and of seventeen four-mile heats — 
 having run 345 miles — travelled near 3,000 — and won about ^25,000. 
 
 Of all the descendants of American Eclipse, none liave held, 
 and held deservedly, a higher place than this noble mare. Her 
 pedigree is undeniable ; her performances, in regard to stoutness 
 more particularly, almost miraculous. 
 
 I well remember, long before mj arrival in this country, 
 long, indeed, before I entertained any idea of making it my 
 home, reading of her performances in the English newspapers, 
 at a time when matters of local interest in America, seldom 
 found a place in the European prints, and to be mentioned in 
 them was, in itself, a proof of real celebrity. 
 
 She was a beautiful gray, about fifteen hands high, of good 
 proportions, strong make, and, in action, said to have been strik- 
 ingly handsome. 
 
 The following account is from the American Turf Register 
 of Sept., 183i. 
 
 Ariel certainly ranks with the best race-horses of any age or 
 clime. To adopt the language of a valued correspondent, " we 
 doubt whether any horse of any 'region' ever did more good 
 running, attended with such extensive and constant travel." 
 From reference to English works and to our own pages, we find 
 no account of any horse that has either run or won as many 
 races. In her last campaign in " the race-horse region," she ran 
 and won thirty-six miles in fifteen days : the first race, four-mile 
 
196 THE HOKSE. 
 
 lieats at Norfolk, beating horses of liigli reputation, and winning 
 the second heat in Tm. 43s. ; the next a race of three-mile heats, 
 at Broad Kock, where at four heats, the last in 5m. 47s., she 
 beat the " crack nags " of Virginia ; and the third, another race 
 of four-mile heats, severely contested, again won in four heats, 
 and in extraordinary time. On the eighth day thereafter she 
 was beaten, the four-mile heats, by a very superior three-year- 
 old ; an excellent race ; yet, in the two consecutive weeks, im- 
 mediately succeeding, she won two more races. 
 
 The English "patriarchs" Childers, Eclipse, and Highflyer, 
 j)robably had more speed ; and our Timoleon,* Gallatin, Sally 
 "Walker, and Henry, have run one, two, three, and four miles, 
 something quicker than Ariel, but neither of them exhibited the 
 same degree of bottom and durability ; few were put to the 
 same test, nor do we believe as much money has been staked 
 on either. Others, in England, equally or more distinguished 
 in some respects, were not as much so in others. 
 
 If it were her fate sometimes to encounter a superior, she 
 was never beaten by that one in a second canvpaign ; when 
 Monsieur Tonson and Sally Walker were her victors, during the 
 short period of their glorious triumphs, she may not have been 
 in equal condition. Recovering readily from the effects of a 
 liard race, she started every season, at every meeting within her 
 reach, wearing down all opponents ; she was never known to be 
 lame, even to the close of her long and brilliant career. 
 
 When beat by Flirtilla in their great match, so admirably 
 described by "An Old Turfman," she yielded to a noble foe, 
 who had borne off every laurel that season, and, the next, con- 
 tinued her triumphs, until she broke down with the wreath of 
 victoryf almost within her grasp. " It was considered marvel- 
 lous, that a three-year-old should make such a contest with such 
 an adversary ;" especially as she must have been " hurried in 
 her work," to have changed her condition in the brief interval 
 from her other match. 
 
 * One, two, three and four miles have been run by them in Im. 473., Sm. 43s., 
 6m. 42s., and 7m. Z*l\s. 
 
 •)• Flirtilla, in the Jockey Club race, four-mile heats, at Newmarket, having won 
 the first heat, severely contested by Shakspeare, broke down in the second ; and 
 the race was won by Gohanna, who had merely saved his distance the fii st heat. 
 
PEDIGREE OF ARIEL. 197 
 
 In the aggregate, taking into view speed, bottom, and dura- 
 bility ; amount of running, travel, and of sums " lost and won" 
 on her, we think Ariel stands unrivalled. Her time, from one 
 to four miles and more, is scarce second, at any distance, to any 
 on authentic record. At three years old, she ran a mile on the 
 Union Course, winning by several lengths, well in hand, in 1 m. 
 ■iSs. ; a few weeks after she won a three-mile heat, running the two 
 last miles in 3m. 4:7s. ; at eight years old, on the same course, 
 she was beat about two lengths by Arietta, in two miles, run in 
 3m. 44s. ; at five years old, she ran a second heat of three miles, 
 beat about a length, by Sally "Walker, in 5m. 42s. ; and at six 
 years old, won readily a second heat of four miles in 7m. 43s. 
 Such stoutness was never exemplified, as in her sixteen-mile race 
 at Newmarket ; where, after winning the second heat of four 
 miles, she closely contested the third, run in 7^n. 57s., and won 
 the fourth four-mile heat in 8m. 4*. ! — the best third and fourth 
 heats e'oer run. Of the fifty-seven races she has run, she has 
 h^en forty-two times a winner, having actually won seventeen 
 Jockey Club purses, of four-mile heats, and run in jpuhlic more 
 than 345 miles. For five years, from the spring she was three, 
 to the autumn of eight years old, she was the ornament and 
 dread of the turf, from New York to Georgia. She must have 
 travelled at least 3,000 miles — perhaps more. In her matches, 
 and Jockey Club purses, she has " lost and won" about $50,000. 
 
 PEDIGREE. 
 
 Ariel's pedigree is worthy of her performances. Her own 
 brothers — Lance, a year older than herself, a distinguished runner 
 that beat the famous Trouble, a great match — O'Kelly, that beat 
 Flying Dutchman, Mary Randolph, and others, with such eclat 
 as to bring $5,000 — and St. Leger in the great sweepstake in 
 Baltimore, where he was so imaccountably beaten, but has since 
 beat Terror — her own sister Angeline, and half brother Splendid, 
 by Duroc, that was beat at three years old, in a produce match, 
 by Col. Johnson's Medley — are all well known to fame. Her 
 grandam gray mare Empress, has also been regarded one of the 
 most renowned race nags and brood mares of the North. Octo- 
 ber, 1804, at four years old, she very unexpectedly beat the 
 
•198 THE H0E8E. 
 
 famous First Consul, for the Jockej Club purse, four- mile lieats, 
 at Harlem, IST. Y. Tlie first race he lost. 
 
 Besides combining the three valued crosses of Herod, 
 Matchem, and Eclipse, it will be observed Ariel's pedigree is 
 "richly imbued with the best English blood ; " to whicli she 
 traces almost directly from Childers, Partner, Crab, Snap, Cade, 
 Spark, Othello, Gimcrack, Mambrino^ Medley, PotSos, Messenger 
 Baronet, Diomed, &c. ; besides deriving her descent from the 
 best early importations. ISTo other stock probably partakes as 
 much of the Messenger blood — no less than four crosses ; with 
 two, not very remote, from English Eclipse, two from Gimcrack, 
 two from imported Pacolet, and three from imported Spark. 
 Her color sustains her valuable origin — running so much into 
 the Arabian blood. 
 
 To correct what may seem trifling errors in the pedigree of 
 Ariel, before published, we now furnish it in full ; as collated 
 with all the information to be obtained, from the most authentic 
 sources — especially "American Turf Register." 
 
 From the certificates published in the second volume of the 
 American Turf Register, page 566, it appears Ariel was bred 
 in 1S22, by Mr. Gerrit Yanderveer, of Flatbush, on Long 
 Island, Kings county, New York ; and that she was got by 
 American Eclipse; her dam by Financier; grandam Empress, 
 by imported Baronet; great grandam, by imp. Messenger; her 
 dam by Snap out of Jenny Duter, by True Briton ; her dam 
 Quaker Lass by imported Juniper, out of the imported Molly 
 Pacolet, by Pacolet ; Molly Pacolet's dam Whiteneck, by Crab ; 
 Godolphin Arabian — Conyer's Arabian — Ciirwen's bay Barb — 
 Marshall's Spot — White-legged chestnut Lowther Barb — Yintner 
 mare. 
 
 American Eclipse, bred by Gen. Coles of L. I., foaled 1814; 
 was got by Diiroc, his dam the famed race mare Miller's Damsel, 
 by imported Messenger, out of the imported PotSos mare ; her,' 
 dam by Gimcrack. Duroc, bred by Wade Mosebj^, Esq., of 
 Powhatan county, Yirginia, foaled 1806 : was got by imported 
 Diomed, out of Mr. Moseby's " extraordinary race mare 
 Amanda," by Col. Tayloe's famed Gray Diomed, son of imp. 
 Medley. Thus far Eclipse's pedigree is unquestioned ; for the 
 balance, see American Turf Register, p. 50, vol. 4. Of Sir 
 
aeiel's ancestry. 199' 
 
 Charles Banbury's Diomed, imported into Yirginia, 1799, having 
 "filled the measure of his glory," nothing more need be said. 
 Messenger, foaled 1780, imported about 17SG or '7 into New 
 York, was also a race-horse of repute at Newmarket ; he won 
 some good races, and lost but few.* He was a gray, of great 
 substance ; was got by Mambrino, a very superior stallion, his 
 dam by Turf, son of Matchem, Ancastor Starling — Oxford Turk 
 — Merlin — Pert — Commoner — Coppin mare. See English Stud 
 Book, and American Eclipse's pedigree in full, American Turf 
 Register, p. 51, vol. -1. 
 
 Financier was got by Tippoo Saib ; dam by imp. Messenger, 
 grandam by Bashaw ; great-grandam by Young Bulle Rock — 
 the famed Selim — Hopper's imported Pacolet. Tippoo Saib, a 
 capital racer by imported Messenger, his dam imported, by 
 Northumberland — Snap — Gypsey by Bay-Bolton — Duke of 
 Newcastle's Turk — Byerly Turk. Tippoo Saib was sire to the 
 famous Tippoo Sultan, that beat First Consul, 1807, and chal- 
 lenged Miller's Damsel ; and was out of Financier's grandam by 
 Bashaw, own brother to the famous race mare Slammerkin ; 
 the ancestor to Ratler, Sumter, Childers, Flirtilla, Polly Hopkins, 
 Lady Relief, Jackson, &c., the son of imported Wild air, by 
 Cade, out of " the imported Cub mare." Young Bulle Rock, l)y 
 Bulle Rock, son of imported Spark ; dam by imj). Bulle Rock, 
 imported 1730 into Virginia — imp. Dabster — imported mare, 
 out of the famed Britannia, own sister to True Briton, by imp. 
 Othello ; her dam Gant's imported Milley. Imp. Bulle Rock, 
 by the Darley Arabian dam — Byerly Turk — Lister Turk — 
 Natural Arabian mare. Imported Dabster by' Hobgoblin — 
 Spanker — Hautboy. Selim, foaled in Maryland, 1759, was got 
 by the famed imp. Othello, out Col. Tasker's famous brood 
 mare, imported Selima, bj' the Godolphin Arabian — said to be 
 sister to Babraham, out of the Large Llartley mare. Selim, the 
 best race-horse of his day, was purchased of Col. Tasker, at one 
 year old, for £1000, by Sam'l Galloway, Esq., who beat with 
 him all competitors, in the best time, until after nine years old. 
 See American Turf Register, vol. 1, pp. 17, 62, and 480. 
 
 * It has been erroneously stated that imported Messenger never was beat. He 
 lost several races in 1785. See English Racing Calendar. [Messenger started 14 
 times, won 8, lost G, received forfeit in 2, paid forfeit once. — Ed.] 
 
200 THE HORSE. 
 
 Financier, a famous racer, w^as owned and probably bred by 
 Isaac Dnckett, Esq., of Prince George's county, the land of liis 
 maternal ancestry. — J. Y. Bond, of Pennsylvania, also ran 
 •with success, 1812-13, a chestnut horse called Financier. 
 
 Baronet, bay, sixteen hands high, foaled 1785, bred by Sir 
 "W". Yavas(iur, owned and run by the Prince of Wales — George 
 lY. — was imported into New York. He was got by Yertumnus, 
 out of Penultima, by Snap — Cade — Crab — Childers — Confede- 
 rate filly by Gray Grantham — Duke of Rutland's Black Barb. 
 Yertumnus by Eclipse, dam by Sweeper — son of Sloe — out of the 
 Tartar mare, Mercury's dam. Baronet, a capital racer, won for 
 the Prince of Wales — winner, on the occasion, of 17,000 guineas — 
 the great Oatland stakes at Ascot, 1791-2, 100 subscribers, 100 
 guineas each, beating the best horses of England, a handicap, 
 for all ages. 
 
 Snap — Gen. Heard's — was got by imp. Figure, out of 
 " Heard's thorougbred mare Nettle."* Hamilton's imp. Figure 
 ran with great celebrity in Maryland, 1768 ; he beat the famous 
 Selim, four-mile heats ; M'as imp. in Maryland, 1765, he was got 
 by Gray Figure — son of Standard — out of Young Mariamne, by 
 Crab — by Croft's Partner — Bald Galloway. He ran with celeb- 
 rity in Maryland. 
 
 True Briton by imported Othello, out of Gant's Milley. 
 Othello — imported 1757, by Gov. Sharpe, of Maryland — by 
 Crab, out of Miss Slammerkin, by Young True Blue. True 
 Briton was a racer of celebrity ; he ran a great match, distancing 
 Old England at Harlem, New York ; and another near Phila- 
 delphia, in 1765-6, in great time, considering weight, but wa& 
 beat by the famous Selim, for 500 pistoles. 
 
 Juniper, imported into Yirginia, 1761, was got by Babra- 
 ham, out of Aura, by Stamford Turk; grandam, by brother to 
 Conqueror, by Fox; g. grandam, by Childers, — Basto — Cur- 
 wen's Bay Barb — Curwen's Spot — Lowther Barb — Yintner mare. 
 Juniper, a celebrated racer, won fourteen out of eighteen races, 
 running second in the four he lost. 
 
 Hopper's imported Pacolet, was got by Spark, — afterward 
 
 * 1772 Delancy's Nettle, by imported Granby, probably the same as Heard's, 
 beat Selim, thirteen years old, and other famed horses, the four-mila heats, at An- 
 napolis, vol. 1, p. 97. See Note * on page 221. 
 
Ariel's perfoemances. 201 
 
 imported, out of Queen Mab, also imported as above.f It would 
 appear Molly Pacolet was got by Pacolet — son of Spark — out 
 of his own sister by imp. Spark, son of Honeycomb Punch, out 
 of Wilkes' Old Hautboy mare, " he was a present to Gov. Ogle, 
 of Maryland, from Lord Baltimore,* to whom he had been pre- 
 sented by His Royal Highness, Frederic Prince of Wales " — 
 father to George III. 
 
 Further detail is w^holly unnecessary, in regard to the residue 
 ot Ariel's pedigree, which runs to the early horses of England 
 — Arabians and Barbs. 
 
 PERFORMANCES. 
 
 Ariel having passed through many hands while on the turf; 
 and, at a period, until her last year of racing, when there was 
 no general " Pegister " to record her achievements ; we have 
 made this compilation from several creditable sources, for which 
 we owe obligation ; especially to " Numidian," for the account 
 of her career in the South ; and to Godolphin, for that of one of 
 her splendid achievements at the IS^orth. The Old Turfman, to 
 whom we must be satisfied now to refer, has already received 
 our thanks, and those of a grateful community. 
 
 1. 1825, April. Ariel, three years old, won a race of one 
 hundred rods, against an Eclipse filly — Flying Dutchman's 
 dam — and a horse by Duroc. 
 
 2. A fortnight after, she again won a race of one hundred 
 rods, beating Fox by Duroc, Flying Dutchman's dam, and a 
 Duroc colt. Fox, a gelding yet on the turf, was for many years 
 the crack mile horse of the North — almost invincible in a single 
 mile — at which he beat the famous Kentucky mile horse Snow 
 Ball, by half a ength, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in Im. 49s. 
 for $1000. Snow Ball, a few weeks before, had beaten the 
 famed Arietta — a match one thousand yards, for $1000. 
 
 3. Shortly after she won, mile heats, for a set of silver 
 Bpoons, beating Fox, Mr. Yan Panst's Eclipse colt. Flying 
 Dutchman's dam, and Agnes, by Sir Solomon. Fox being 
 drawn, Ariel distanced the field the second heat. 
 
 * Lord Baltimore was about this period the leader of the Prince's — the opposi« 
 tion — party in Parliament. — See Walpole's letters. The present of a horse so famed 
 ae Spark, was to be regarded as a special favor, f See Note f on page 221. 
 
202 THE HOESE. 
 
 4. Immediately after, she won a matcli against Mr. Jolin 
 Stevens' Flagellator, then considered the fastest mile horse at 
 the Korth. 
 
 5. May. Ariel won witli great ease, for II. Lynch, Esq., a 
 matcli against a Bussorah colt — $1000 each — two miles. 
 
 6. October. The ensuing autumn, at the same course, Mr. 
 Lynch won, with her, a match, $5000 a side, against Col. W. R. 
 Johnson's Lafayette, also three-year-old, by Virginian — mile 
 heats. A " Spectator " differs from the Old Turfman's account, 
 — in American Turf Register, vol. 2. p, 555 — and thinks Ariel 
 won with ease, by four lengths, each heat. Time, Im. 48s. — 
 Im. 52s. 
 
 7. October. Three weeks thereafter, on the Union Course, 
 backed by other Northern gentlemen, in union with Messrs. 
 Lynch and Yerplanck, she ran a matcli* for $20,000 a side, 
 three-mile heats, against Gen. Wynn's Flirtilla, then five years 
 old, and deemed in the South to be superior to any nag in the 
 country — also backed by Col. Johnson and other Yirginia 
 gentlemen. A severe contest — and won in three heats. Less 
 than six inches decided the second heat, and the issue of as much 
 as $50,000. Time, 5m. 54s. — two last miles, 3m. 47s. — 5m. 54s. 
 — 5m. 54s. 
 
 ARIEL AND FLIETILLA RACE. 
 
 By the Old Turfman — D. C. Colden, Esq. 
 
 October 31st. Match for $20,000,— each stake,— three-mile 
 heats. 
 
 Gen. Wm, Wynn's b. m. Flirtilla, by Sir Archy ; dam by 
 Robin Redbreast ; five years old ; 113 lbs. 
 
 Mr. Ileniw Lynch's gr. f. Ariel, by Eclipse; dam by Finan- 
 cier,f three years old ; 87 lbs. 
 
 This match grew out of a very extraordinary challenge, 
 
 * The match grew out of an extraordinary challenge to run Ariel four-mile heats, 
 against any nag to be named, for $1000 on each turn, — four to a mile, — and $10,000, 
 the main race. But for the mode of running the first heat, and accident in the 
 second, the time would have been better. 
 
 f For the full pedigrees of Ariel, Financier, and dam of Tippoo Saib, see the 
 preceding pages. 
 
aeiel's condition. 203 
 
 given by the owner of Ariel, at the dinner table in the club 
 room, on the 4 th inst., to run Ainel four-mile heats, against 
 any nag to he named, for $1,000 on each turn or quarter j)ole, 
 four turns to the mile, and $10,000 on the maAn race. This was 
 not taken. On the day following, he gave a second challenge, 
 to run Ariel four-mile heats, against any horse, mare or gelding 
 that might then he named, that day six weeks, for $20,000, 
 which was accepted by Dr. Wyche, of Korth Carolina, who 
 named Flirtilla, and oifered to increase the bet to $50,000, 
 which was not acceded to. A gentleman present, confederate 
 with the owner of Ariel, a few minutes afterward, made two 
 other bets with Dr. Wyche, of $5,000 each ; thus the match, 
 although nominally for $20,000, was, in point of effect, for 
 $30,000. By a subsequent arrangement, the distance was al- 
 tered from four to three-mile heats, and the 31st of that month 
 — rOctober — agreed upon as the day of trial. The gray filly, 
 which had been trained for the race, between her and Lafayette, 
 by Mr. liichard Jackson, — who, I must in justice say, brought 
 her to the post in tip-top order, — was taken out of his hands, 
 and her future management, or preparation, confided to Mr. 
 Samuel Laird, a trainer of some exjDcrience, whose recent 
 success had rendered him popular ; and Flirtilla, who had 
 heretofore been trained by Gen. Wynn's black servant Charles, 
 under the General's superintendence, was now put under the 
 direction of Mr. William R. Johnson. Ariel also changed her 
 rider ; and, in jilace of Black Harry, who had ridden her ad- 
 mirably against Lafayette, Mr. Laird's nephew, Madison Laird, 
 was chosen as her jockey. Bob Wooden rode Flirtilla. 
 
 After the termination of the regular purse races, on the 6th 
 inst., business called me to the North ; I did not return until the 
 30th, consequently, had viewed neither of the horses during this 
 latter part of their train. Some of my friends who had taken a 
 pretty deep interest, were desirous that I would examine their 
 condition and give my opinion. In pursuance of which, I re- 
 paired to the stables, on the afternoon immediately preceding 
 the day of the race, and was politely permitted, by the owners 
 of the respective horses, to take a view. I found Ariel by no 
 means in the order to be desired ; her coat was harsh, and her 
 ekin clapped down tight, exhibiting infallible signs of her having 
 
204 THE HORSE. 
 
 been overmarked, or having had her pores collapsed ; and I, 
 without hesitation, told a friend who had backed her, that she 
 was wrong ; that whether she won or lost, she would not relieve 
 herself by perspiring freely, either while running or after the 
 heat ; that nothing but an accident or a miracle could give her 
 the race, and advised him to get his money off. On the other 
 hand, the coat of Flirtilla had a satin like-gloss ; the skin when 
 taken hold of, showed nothing like adhesion to the body, and 
 handled like a rich, pliable, yet elastic velvet. She was drawn 
 completely into muscle, yet fresh upon her legs ; while her ani- 
 mated countenance gave assurance that her spirits were un- 
 broken. 
 
 Betting went on briskly — no odds asked or given. 
 
 At length the long and anxiously looked-for day arrived; 
 and, with the exception of the great match between Eclipse and 
 Henry, the course was never more thronged. Numbers arrived 
 from the South, and the Northern sportsmen were on the ground 
 to a man. 
 
 Betting went on merrily, and some individuals had from 
 $7,000 to $15,000 at stake. 
 
 The hour of 1 was now at hand, and the bugle sounded the 
 call ; the summons was obeyed. Next were heard the orders, 
 " saddle," " mount," '' come up." The signal tap next re- 
 sounded, and off they flew. Each 23resently took a hard pull, 
 with intent to wait upon his adversary ; but the light weight 
 was unable to restrain the impetuosity of the gray filly, 
 and necessity compelled him to lead. The bay mare now 
 trailed close in her rear, and thus they proceeded, at a mode- 
 rate rate, to the end of the first round or mile ; run in slow 
 time, 2m. 12s. Here stood Mr. Johnson, upon whom the 
 lively Bob Wooden, as he advanced, fixed an eye, which quickly 
 caught the signal to make play. He dashed forward, and 
 as by a single bound, was three lengths ahead, before young 
 Laird, taken by surprise, could call out the filly. Away they 
 went, at a killing pace ; and, as they passed round to the termi- 
 nation of the second mile, the bay mare still leading, the cry- 
 was, " Hold her steady, and let her go." The stride was ex- 
 cessive, the gather quick, the stroke regular ; no floundering, 
 no laboring, no dwelling, no clambering, nothing abroad ; the 
 
ABIEL AND FLIETILLA. 205 
 
 rate was tremendous ; tlius they went along, until tliey arrived 
 at tlie middle of the back part of the course, in the third or last 
 round ; the gray filly trailing full twenty yards. Here slie let 
 out, and, as if with magic speed, came up, challenged, and took 
 the lead ; all in a run of forty rods, and before she arrived at 
 the half-mile pole of this last round. Flirtilla, however, fol- 
 lowed in a determined and spirited manner ; but Ariel kept up 
 her rate, and although she dropped a little, coming up the 
 stretch, came in from three to four lengths ahead. 
 
 Time of running the 1st mile in this heat, - - 2m. 12s. 
 
 Time of running the two last miles, - - - - 3m. 4Ts. 
 
 Time of running the heat, - - - - - 5m. 59s. 
 
 I took a view of the horses, as soon as they were stripped 
 and led off to their rubbing places. Ariel appeared a little 
 swollen about the loins, what is termed filleted ; did not j^er- 
 spire freely, or relieve herself as she ought. Flirtilla showed 
 also some symptoms of distress ; but nothing which indicated 
 being overmarked. The race I now considered — barring acci- 
 dents — insured to Flirtilla. 
 
 Second Heat. — Flirtilla went to work in earnest ; she chal- 
 lenged at the start, passed ahead, and kept up a telling pace ; 
 Ariel following with all her power, but each round dropping 
 farther and farther behind. In the second mile it was evident 
 that her chance was oijt. Toward the termination of the last 
 mile, when Flirtilla entered upon the quarter stretch, she had 
 beaten the gray filly full 100 yards, and thus far in advance was 
 she when she passed the four-mile distance, 40 rods from home ; 
 but as she neared the crowd, and had arrived within 20 or 25 
 rods of the winning post, became sulky or restive, refused to 
 run, actually braced herself, and it was with the greatest dif- 
 ficulty that her rider prevented her from coming to a full stop. 
 Young Laird, having given up all idea of winning the heat, and 
 intending barely to drop within the distance post, seeing that 
 something was the matter, clapped whip and spur to the filly, 
 and brought her up at a rattling pace ; but it was too late, the 
 distance, yet to be measured, too short ; one more stride would 
 
206 THE HOESE. 
 
 have given liim the heat. It was a hair-breadth business ; — ad- 
 judged to Flirtilla by only six inches. 
 
 Time, 5m. 54^s. 
 
 Two to one on Flirtilla. 
 
 Third Heat. — It was now evident that Flirtilla had the field 
 at command, and that nothing, save her restiveness, left any 
 chance to Ariel. At the summons they both took their stations, 
 and the signal being given, went off at a rattling pace ; Flir- 
 tilla taking the lead, and keeping on at a life or death -like pace, 
 apparently determined neither to give nor receive quarter. Bob 
 Wooden had orders to keep her steadily on, and he did so ; 
 gradually dropping the filly, who in the second round, was dead 
 beat. She, however, kept up a hopeless struggle to the last, 
 falling in the rear full 100 yards. 
 
 Thus terminated a match, twice lost to the ITorthern sports- 
 men, which proper preparation, or good management, would 
 have given them. So much for changing a successful trainer 
 and rider. The epitaph, " I was well and wished to be better — 
 took physic, and here I am," was never more fully verified than 
 in this case. 
 
 An Old Tukfman. 
 
 Me. Editoe ; 
 
 " An Old Turfman" is mistaken in supposing that Ariel beat 
 Flirtilla the first heat, in their match, more than a neck. Both 
 of them came in under whip and spur. The crowd prevented 
 my seeing, when Ariel obtained the lead in the last round, but 
 I did not see her more than half a length ahead. Between the 
 distance and the winning stand Flirtilla gained from the girth to 
 the shoulders.* Ariel was on the outside on coming in — a 
 strong proof that she had not cleared Flirtilla, on getting the 
 lead. 
 
 Had Flirtilla run from the start, or made her run a little 
 Booner, she would have taken the heat ; and it is believed would 
 have won the match that day, even though the race had been 
 two-mile heats instead of three. Ariel on no occasion showed 
 
 * Com. Ridgely was in the winning stand at the race, and will no doubt confirm 
 my recollections. 
 
HER FOUE-YEAK-OLD RACES. 207 
 
 more speed, if she was in other respects amiss. Had " An Old 
 Turfman " examined the condition of Yanitj in her match with 
 Count Piper, he would have discovered she was in worse order, 
 and that was not ascribable to her trainer. 
 
 It is to be hoped this correction may not be nnacceptable to 
 "An Old Turfman," but that he will continne his valuable com- 
 munications. Should there be mistakes, the correction may be 
 made. Good racing deserves good descriptions, such as his. 
 
 One of the Judges. 
 
 She was now purchased by gentlemen of the South, and 
 placed in Gen, "VVynn's stable. 
 
 .8. 1826. April. At Belfield, Virginia, she was beaten by 
 Col. Johnson's Shakspeare, four years old, by Yirginian, for 
 the Jockey Club purse, $-iOO, three-mile heats. Was probably 
 too high. 
 
 9. May. At ISTewmarket, she won the jDOst stake $400, three- 
 mile heats, beating Mr. Field's Mark Time, four years old, by 
 Gallatin — a very superior three-mile 'horse — in fine style and 
 time ; but we are unable to furnish particulars. Next week 
 Mark Time won the three-mile heat in the best time known at 
 Tree Hill. 
 
 10. At Tree Hill, the next week, she won with ease the 
 Jockey Club purse, $1000, beating Mr. Field's Gohanna— the 
 first race he lost — Col. Johnson's Betsey Richards, and Mr. Har- 
 rison's Frantic. Time, 8m. 7s. — 8m. 2s. The preceding week 
 at Newmarket, Gohanna and Betsey Richards had been winners, 
 both running severe races, of twelve miles, beating Flirtilla, 
 Shakspeare, Janet, and others. 
 
 11. At Nottoway, the following week, she won the Jockey 
 Club purse, $100, four-mile heats, beating Gohanna again, with 
 others. ' 
 
 12. September. At Nottoway, she won with ease, in one 
 heat, the Jockey Club purse, $100, four-mile heats, beating Col. 
 Johnson's Shakspeare. 
 
 13. At Broad Rock, she won with great ease, the Jockey 
 Club purse, $500, three-mile heats. 
 
 14. October. At Newmarket, the next week, she won clev- 
 erly the Jockey Club purse, $600, four-mile heats, beating Mr. 
 
208 THE UOESE. 
 
 Botts's Phillis — own sister to Golianna — and Col. Johnson's 
 Betsey Archer. 
 
 15. At Tree Hill, the week following, she ran second to the 
 famous Monsieur Tonson, four years old, by Pacolet, for the 
 Jockey Club purse, w^on cleverly in two heats. Mr. Botts's Go- 
 hanna distanced. Monsieur Tonson trailed Ariel, the first heat, 
 until the last quarter, when in passing, the saddle of Ariel hav- 
 ing slipped, she had to give up the contest ; the second heat 
 was run in the same way, and Monsieur Tonson, to general 
 astonishment, won by more than a clear length. Time, 8m. 4s. — 
 7m. 57s. — the best time at Tree Hill, excepting the second heat, 
 won the preceding year, by Phillis, in 7m. 56s., closely contested 
 by Betsey Bobinson, winner of the race, and the second heat, 
 also in 7m. 56s., won b,y Yirginia Lafayette beating Flirtilla and 
 Marion. 
 
 16. At Belfield, the succeeding fortnight, she was again 
 beaten by Monsieur Tonson, in a Jockey Club race, three-mile 
 heats, an extremely interesting race of three heats — Sally Walker 
 won the first heat — Lafayette also in tlie race — said to have 
 been Avell-contested and run in fine time ; but we regret being 
 "unable to ^x^o. further jparticiilars. 
 
 17. E^ovember. At Halifax, IST. C, the next week, she was 
 beaten by Monsieur Tonson, for the Jockey Club purse, $100, 
 three-mile heats. Two weeks after at Boydton, was run the 
 memorable race between Monsieur Tonson and Sally Walker, 
 " the best four-mile race," all things considered, ever run in 
 America — won cleverly by the former — his last race but one — 
 in 7m. 55s. and 7m. 54s. 
 
 18. 1827. January. Ariel was next travelled to Augusta, 
 Georgia, where she won easily the Jockey Club purse, $500, 
 four-mile heats. 
 
 19. February. She travelled thence to Charleston, S. C, 
 where she received the amount of the Jockey Club purse, $600, 
 being withdrawn in favor of Red Gauntlet, the ostensible win- 
 ner. 
 
 20. Next day she won the $400 purse, three-mile heats. 
 
 21. Two days after, the handicap purse, $400, three-mile 
 heats. 
 
 Thus running as a four-year old, fifteen races — two in one 
 
FIYE-TEAK-OLD KACES, 209 
 
 week — of wliicli slie won eleven and lost but four — three to the 
 famous Monsieur Tonson, and one to Shakspeare, whom she af- 
 terward beat. 
 
 22. May. At ISTewmarket, Ariel, now five years old, won 
 the Jockey Club j)urse, $600, four-mile heats, beating with ease, 
 Maid of Lodi, Atalanta and Phillis. Time, 7m. 58s. — 8m. 8s. 
 
 After this race, $2000 was given by Mr. "Wyche for six- 
 weeks' use of Ariel. 
 
 23. At Tree Hill, the next week, she won the Jockey Club 
 purse, $1000, with a post stake $500, each four subscribers, mak- 
 ing the sum of $3000, four-mile heats, beating with ease Mr. 
 Botts's Gohanna, the famed Sally McGee, and Maid of Lodi. 
 — Monsieur Tonson, calculated upon in the race, had broken 
 down, and Sally "Walker had gone to the Union Course, where, 
 in three four-mile heats, she beat Lance — own brother to Ariel — 
 and Janet, own sister to Sir Charles. Track excessively heavy — 
 at places near knee-deep with mud and water. 
 
 24. At Broad Rock, the week following, she won the Jockey 
 Club purse, $500, beating Lafayette and others, 
 
 25. At ITorfolk, the next week, she won the Jockey Club 
 purse, $500, four-mile heats, beating Gohanna and the cele- 
 brated Sally Hope, four years old, by Sir Archy — track also 
 very deej). The defeat of the latter has been ascribed to the 
 state of the course. See her memoir, American Turf Register. 
 
 26. June. At Nottoway, shortly thereafter, she won the 
 Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats, beating Gohanna, 
 Sally McGee, Bed Gauntlet and others. A capital race. Go- 
 hanna ran in reserve the first heat, won in 5m. 50s., and closely 
 contested the next, an uncommonly severe heat, won in 5m. 46s. 
 
 Thus Ariel, in one campaign, won all her five Jockey Club 
 races, three of them four-mile heats ; beating most of the best 
 horses — without taking into consideration the three races, won 
 a few months before in Georgia and South Carolina. Having 
 previously passed through several hands, the veteran Wynn be- 
 ing dead, Ariel was now bought for $1600, by his nephew, Col. 
 "Wm. Wynn. 
 
 27. September. At Broad Bock, for the Jockey Club purse, 
 $500, three-mile heats, Ariel was beaten, in a severely con- 
 tested race, by Sally Walker, five years old, by Timoleon ; but 
 
 Vol. L— 14 
 
210 THE HOESE. 
 
 beat, in both heats, Lafayette and another. Sally Walker was 
 comj^aratively fresh, having run but one race in the spring, 
 which she won with ease — though in three heats — and was 
 then declared to be the best nag from the South, that had ever 
 been introduced on the Union Course. Ariel was not in condi- 
 tion — too high ; nor did she get exactly " in fix " during the 
 campaign. The time of this race is the best on our records, 
 5m. 44s. — 5m. 42s. 
 
 28. At Newmarket, the next week, she was beaten easily, 
 by Sally Walker, for the Jockey Club purse, $600, four-mile 
 heats. 
 
 29. October. At Tree Hill, the following week, she won 
 the post stakes, $450, a single four miles, beating Col. John- 
 son's famed Trumpator, four years old, by Sir Solomon, and 
 others. 
 
 30. At Nottoway, the next week, she won with ease the 
 Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats, beating Col. John- 
 son's famed Medley, three years old, by Sir Hal, in one heat. 
 
 31. At Belfield, the week following, she was beaten by 
 Sally Walker, for the Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile 
 heats. An uncommonly severe race — scarce a shade of differ- 
 ence between them. Time, 5m. 46s. — 5m. 48s. 
 
 32. November. At Halifax, N. C, she was again beaten, 
 the succeeding week, by Sally Walker, for the Jockey Club 
 purse, $400, four-mile heats. 
 
 33. At Scotland Neck, a few weeks after, she won the 
 Jockey Club purse. 
 
 34. 1828. January. She was then travelled to Augusta, 
 Georgia, where she won the Jockey Club purse, $500, four- 
 mile heats, beating Col, Myers' Lady Deerpond and others. 
 
 35. February. Thence to Charleston, S. C, where she was 
 beaten for the Jockey Club purse, $600,— and a bet of $1000, 
 — four-mile heats, by Mr. Singleton's Crusader, four years old, 
 by Sir Archy. A good race — lost the second heat by scarce 
 two feet. Time not known. 
 
 36. A few days thereafter, she won the handicap purse, 
 $400, beating Crusader, who broke down in the first heat, 
 and another. 
 
StX-YEAE-OLD EACES. 211 
 
 Thus, as a five-year-old, Ariel ran again fifteen races in one 
 year, of which she lost only five. 
 
 37. April. At Belfield, she won the Proprietor's purse, 
 $200, two-mile heats, beating Peggy Madee, by Sir Hal, a 
 famed two-mile nag. See American Turf Register, pp. 98, 
 204, 252, 514, and 560, vol. 2. — Ariel, now appearing amiss, 
 Col. Wynn was induced to sell her for $2,000, giving a certifi- 
 cate that, while owned by him, " under a continuation of one 
 training, she ran the astonishing distance of ninety-nine miles, 
 mostly under whip and spur — having been vanquished, in 
 several contests, perhaps from want of condition rather than 
 talents." See American Turf Register, vol. 4, p. 495. 
 
 38. May. At Newmarket, she was beaten, for the Pro- 
 prietor's purse, $300, three-mile heats — well contested — by 
 Col. Johnson's Medley, four years old. Each heat ran in 
 5m. 49s. 
 
 39. At Tree Hill, the next week, she won the Jockey Club 
 purse, $1000, four-mile heats, beating Red Murdoch — who had 
 beat Medley, the three-year-old sweepstakes at Newmarket — 
 and Sally McGee. Medley, expected to have run in this race, 
 had fallen lame and never ran again. 
 
 40. At Broad Rock, the following week, she won with ease 
 the Jockey Club purse, $500, three mile heats. 
 
 41. At Norfolk, the next week, she won the Jockey Club 
 pui*se, $600, four mile heats. 
 
 42. Same meeting, she won a handicap race, for $300, 
 " best three out of five " — mile heats—" won in three or four 
 heats, particulars not recollected." 
 
 43. June. At Boydton, the fortnight after, she won the 
 Proprietor's purse, $200, two-mile heats. 
 
 44. September. At Norfolk, she won the Jockey Club 
 purse, $500, four-mile heats — a good race, beating cleverly Col. 
 Johnson's Trumpator, and another. — 8m. 2s. — Tm. 43s. — the 
 second heat. 
 
 45. At Broad Rock, the next week, she won in four heats, 
 the Jockey Club purse, $500, three-mile heats ; beating Trum- 
 pator, Lafayette and others — a good race and in good time — 
 i\iQ fourth heat in 5m. 47s. ! 
 
 46. October. At Newmarket, the week succeeding, she 
 
212 THE HOESE. 
 
 won the Jockey Club purse, $600, four-mile heats, beating in 
 four heats Trumpator, Red Murdoch and Ilypona. Time, 8m. 
 22s.— 8m. 13s.— 7m. STs.- 8m. 4s. 
 
 " Red Murdoch won the first heat, in 8m. 22s. ; Ariel and 
 Trumpator both in reserve. Ai'iel took the second heat, with 
 great ease, in 8m. 13s. Intense interest was excited at the 
 prospect of a severe struggle for the third heat — that to an ob- 
 servant eye seemed inevitable. Trumpator, who in many a well 
 disputed field had earned distinguished honor, and more than 
 once excited the apprehensions of his formidable adversary, 
 had yet made no eftort in the race ; and was in the hands of a 
 most skilful, deliberate, and experienced turfite. It was ob- 
 vious he alone attracted the notice of his fair adversary, and 
 that the tug of war could no longer be postponed. Never were 
 anticipations more fully realized ; never was reputation more 
 nobly sustained. From tlie onset both pressed forward, with a 
 desperate rush, and maintained a severe and ceaseless press 
 throughout the entire heat. For the four miles, the whip nor 
 spur were idle ; for three and a half it was impossible to con- 
 jecture the result — when Trumpator gained a slight, but preca- 
 rious ascendency, which, with great difficulty, he maintained to 
 the close, coming in a few feet ahead — winning one of the hest 
 heats ever done at Newmarket, and perhaps the very hest third 
 heat ever run in this hemisphere, or any where else. Time, 
 Tm. 5Ys. 
 
 "The readiness with which both recovered and 'cooled 
 off,' surprised those most familiar with the turf. In a short 
 while both were prepared for the decisive engagement. At the 
 sound of the trumpet the ardent competitors apjDcared, for the 
 fourth time, at the goal — eager for the conflict. At the word they 
 pressed forward with desperate efforts — both conscious that the 
 slightest advantage must prove decisive, in a contest of such 
 equal powers. For a mile and a half their prospects were alike ; 
 Ariel now gained some advantage — Trumpator strained every 
 nerve — they are again locked, and all as doubtful as ever. On 
 they fly — urged by every persuasive — ever and anon fiercely 
 called upon, and at every call found worthy of almost bound- 
 less confidence. In the third round, victory inclined to Trum- 
 pator — he gradually cleared his opponent — light appeared be- 
 
CONTEST WITH TEUMPATOE. 213 
 
 tween tliem. But the spirit of Ariel was imsubdiied, and her 
 efforts unabated. Slie firmlj maintained the arduous struggle 
 — half a mile more, they were again ' side by side ' — not con- 
 tent, she still pressed forward and regained her lost place. On 
 closing the mile she had gained the track and swept around the 
 turn ' nose and tail.' Up the back stretch continued a tremen- 
 dous struggle — Ariel still maintaining the lead — but, in making 
 the sweep of the last turn, the prospects of Trumpator seemed 
 to brighten — he closed in and entered the quarter stretch ' nose 
 and nose.' Intense interest was at its height — when the for- 
 tunes of Ariel decided the conflict — havino; the track and the 
 firmest ground, Ariel beat him down the stretch, at her utmost 
 speed, by only a few feet — closing the race, and bearing off her 
 well earned laurels, in 8m. 4s. — after one of the most arduous 
 contests ever known, — amid the acclamations of the multitude. 
 • — ' I saw Henry * do the first heat, with Betsey Bichards on 
 his haunches, in Ym. 54s., and repeated it in 7m. 5Ss. — the best 
 four-mile heats ever run at ISTewmarket." 
 
 We regret our limits have compelled us to abridge the 
 account furnished by our valued correspondent " Numidian." 
 
 I^umidian might also have said, that the last heat was the 
 best fourth heat " ever run," in any quarter of the world — 8m. 
 4s. ! — 20s. better than Eclipse's third heat with Henry, when 
 both were at their utmost speed ; but the rate of their first and 
 second heat " told.'''' 
 
 47. At Tree Hill, the next week, for the Jockey Club 
 purse, $1,000, four-mile heats, all her older competitors being 
 beaten off or broke down, Kate Kearney and Star, two extra- 
 ordinary three-years-old, only entered the lists with her — it was 
 "gold to copper" on Ariel, notwithstanding her severe race 
 of sixteen miles the preceding week. She led off, in good 
 style, trailed by the others. Star, during the first three miles, 
 made unavailing efforts for the lead, and then fell back far in 
 the rear — Kate Kearney still trailing — until, on entering the 
 quarter stretch, with an unexpected burst, she went ahead and 
 won the heat in 7m. 59s. Notwithstanding the loss of a heat, 
 
 * This performance being compared with Henry's on the same course, when run 
 at his best speed, in the very zenith of his fame, leaves scarce a doubt that Ariel 
 was fully equal to him or EcUpse, in their best days. 
 
214 THE HORSE. 
 
 Ariel was still the favorite ; and led gallantly in the second 
 heat, as before — but near its close was passed by both her 
 competitors, Kate Kearney again winning in fine style ; tlie 
 others near at hand. A capital race. Tlie second heat — only 
 two seconds more than the first — 8m. Is. — the two heats two 
 seconds quicker than Monsieur Tonson's fine race at Tree Hill 
 — and excellent time, for the course. 
 
 Kate Kearney — since so celebrated — the preceding week, 
 at J^ewm^rket, had won a great sweepstakes, in good time, 
 beating Slender and another; and two days before her race 
 with Ariel, had won another, two-mile heats, in the best time 
 at Tree Hill, 3m. 57s. and 3m. 50s. — the second heat — beating 
 Slender, Waxy and another. Slender, the next day after her 
 sweepstakes, won the Proprietor's purse, two-mile heats, beat- 
 ing Lafayette, Caswell, Susan Eobinson, Sally Drake and an- 
 other, in 3m. 56s., and 3m. 52s. Star, a few weeks before, at 
 l^orfolk, had run a severe second heat of two miles, with Polly 
 Hopkins, in 3m. 42s. — the best time over that course, twenty- 
 nine yards short of a mile. 
 
 48. At Belfield, the week after her Tree Hill race, Ariel 
 won the Proprietor's purse, $200, two-mile heats ; Polly Hop- 
 kins, three years old, won the Jockey Club purse, $400, three- 
 mile heats, the preceding day, and the next week at Kew Hope, 
 the Proprietor's purse, $250. 
 
 49. ITovember. At New Hope, Halifax county, N. C, 
 Ariel closed her career in the " race-horse region," by winning 
 the Jockey Club purse, $400, three-mile heats. 
 
 March, 1829, she was purchased of David Branch, Esq., 
 and passed into the hands of Hamilton "Wilkes, Esq., who 
 travelled her the entire distance to New York by land, about 
 400 mileSj and renewed her exploits in the land of her birth — 
 leaving the late scenes of her glory to her successors in fame — 
 Kate Kearney, Polly Hopkins, Slender and Star. Of the 
 twelve races she ran as a six-year-old, Ariel won ten ; and was 
 obviously out of condition in the two she lost, won by Medley 
 and Kate Kearney. 
 
 50. May 12. At the Union Course, Long Island, N. Y., 
 the first spring meeting, Ariel, now seven years old, was beat 
 by the famed gr. m. Betsey Ransom, five years old, by Yir- 
 
ARIEL AKD BETSEY RANSOM. 215 
 
 ginian, in a well contested race, for the Jockey Club purse, 
 four-mile heats. Time, 7m. 57s. — 8m. 7s. 
 
 51. May 26. At the same place, at the second meeting, a 
 fortnight after, she was in like manner again beaten by Betsey 
 Ransom, for the Jockey Club purse, four-mile heats. Time, 
 7m. 52s. — 8m. Is. 
 
 52. June. At Poughkeepsie, E". Y., the next week, Ariel 
 beat Betsey Ransom, for the Jockey Club purse, $500, four- 
 mile heats, in 7m. 52s. — 8m. Is. — but of the third heat, the 
 firae is wanting. We are happy to annex the following ani- 
 mated account of this interesting race, from the pen of a valued 
 correspondent, who both writes and runs his horses, "con 
 amore." 
 
 "Since the contest between Eclipse and Henry, in 1823, no 
 race — at the I^Torth — has excited so intense an interest in the 
 spectators, as the one run by Ariel and Betsey Ransom, on the 
 Dutchess Course, on Tuesday last. In two prior trials at Long 
 Island, on the 12tli and 26th of May, Betsey Ransom — contrary 
 to the exjjectations of many — had proved victorious. The 
 friends of Ariel, though somewhat consoled by her gallant per- 
 formance on the 26th, had been again disappointed. — Mem. 
 Saw her entered for this last encounter, with reluctance, from 
 feeling how little chance there was of regaining her lost laurels. 
 The earnest solicitation of a friend, joined to an anxious wish 
 to gratify the inhabitants of his own country, decided her 
 owner to start her, on this occasion. 
 
 " When they were led upon the ground, the appearance of 
 the two differed as widely as their prospects — the firm, elastic 
 reaching step, the fiery eye and lofty bearing of Betsey, gave 
 assurance of condition, and showed her conscious of her powers 
 and confident of victory — while the short and stiffened gait, 
 the quiet and determined countenance of Ariel — reversing the 
 quondam appearance, together with the fate of herself and 
 riirtilla — seemed plainly to say, ' I have lost my station as first 
 among the fleet ones of my race, but I will regain it or die.' 
 They started — Betsey Ransom went off on the lead, at a mode- 
 rate pace, appearing resolved to do no more than was necessary 
 — when, at the end of the two miles she broke away, as from 
 mere whim, at such a gait and at such a stride, as would have 
 
216 THE HOKSE. 
 
 rendered useless to Ariel the wings of her gallant namesake. 
 Her ultimate exertions could only bring her within three or 
 four lengths of this kill-devil, at the winning post. The heat 
 was run in 7m. 52s., the last two miles in 3m. 52s. 
 
 " The loss of the heat rendered the prospects of Ariel still 
 more gloomy, and the chance of winning so desperate, that it 
 was determined to withdraw her — this was on the point of be- 
 ing announced, when, as the groom was leading up Betsey to 
 receive the award of victory, the experienced eye of Ariel's 
 trainer, detected in Betsey Ransom some indication of sorrow — 
 there were three or four minutes to spare — he hastily threw on 
 his saddle, and started her. Betsey again took the lead, at a 
 pace so I'apid, that it gave her long and silvery tail the appear- 
 ance of a meteor streaming in the wind ; for three miles she 
 kfept frolicking on — sometimes breaking aw^ay and making a 
 gap, that seemed to say, ' I will punish you, dainty spirit of 
 the air, for your presumption, by leaving you without the dis- 
 tance ' — and again waiting for her, as if repenting so harsh a 
 purpose. In the mean time, Ariel went steadily on, at a gait 
 that did not vary, except once in the second mile — when in 
 changing her feet she threw her rider forward and lost eight or 
 ten yards, by the falter ; at the end of three miles and a quar- 
 ter, Betsey found Ariel within a yard of her — in another instant 
 alongside — now came a struggle for the track, desperate and 
 determined. It created an interest so deep, and a silence so 
 profound, that one might almost hear the hearts of the multi- 
 tude beat — it could not last long — at the end of a straight quar- 
 ter, Ariel has the track. ' Ariel is ahead,' was thundered out 
 with a shout that would have waked the soundest sleeper 
 of the seven. There was a half a mile yet to go. Ariel 
 keeps the track — no time to lose — one short half mile, one 
 short minute more, Ariel may pluck a laurel from her wreath, 
 that she must regain, or unbind her brows. They turned down 
 the straight side of the last quarter, Ariel half her length 
 ahead — neither rider had a whip, from an idea of its useless- 
 ness — they are at the distance post, side by side — what would 
 not have been given for a whip — a whip — a whip — the result 
 upon a whip — a single stroke might decide upon it. Betsey's 
 
BETSEY KANSOM. 217 
 
 rider uses his hand, but it will not do — Ariel wins the heat by 
 half a neck, in 8m, Is., amidst the cheers of thousands. 
 
 " In half an hour they again started to determine the third 
 and last heat, Betsey had lost her taste for frolicking, and 
 went steadily but rapidly on, with Ariel only a length behind, 
 for three miles and a quarter; here Ariel made a run and 
 passed her — taking and keeping the lead by two or three 
 lengths, to the winning post — thus regaining her lost laurels, 
 and proving herself to this ' out and outer,' what the best judge 
 in the Union pronounced her — ' a truly formidable race- 
 horse,' * GODOLPHIN," 
 
 Gray filly Betsey Eansom, by Yirginian, October, 1827, 
 on the Union Course, at three years old, won the Jockey Club 
 purse, four-mile heats, distancing Sir Lovell, Count Piper, Lady 
 Flirt,f and "Valentine — Stevens' Janet drawn after the first 
 heat — in a most extraordinary manner, the second heat, Kext 
 week she won the four-mile heats purse, near Baltimore, with 
 great ease ; and the week succeeding the same at Norfolk, at 
 three heats, contending for each, that were won in 7m. 50s, — 
 7m. 45s, and 7ni. 50s. — 25s. better than the Eclipse match, but 
 with a difference of the course — twenty-nine yards short of a 
 mile. She gathered laurels in Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, 
 Maryland and ISTew York — but never won a race after her de- 
 feat by Ariel — she ran but once more, the succeeding spring, in 
 the sweepstakes won by Col. Johnson's Slender, four miles, 
 beating also Black Maria — $1,000 each. 
 
 The next day Ariel's half brother, gray horse Splendid, won 
 with ease the three-mile heats, beating Lady Hunter and an- 
 other in 5ra. 58s, and 6m, 2s. At three years old. Splendid had 
 been beat in a match by Col. Johnson's Medley. 
 
 It is somewhat surprising that at this era so many of the 
 first-rate horses should have been gray, and that they should 
 have so frequently contended exclusively with each other, as 
 Ariel, Betsey Eansom, Medley, Splendid, Mark Time, Peggy 
 Madee, and others — also in the south and west, 
 
 * The time, in three contests with Betsey Ransom, on courses better adapted to 
 speed than those at the South, shows that Ariel was "below her mark"; — probably 
 considerably " off her foot." 
 
 \ Lady FHrt won the first heat, contested by Janet and Count Piper. 
 
218 THE HOESE. 
 
 63. October. At Poughkeepsie, Ariel won with ease the 
 Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile beats, beating Light In- 
 fantry. 
 
 54:. At the Union Course, the next week, she won the 
 Jockey Club purse, $500, four-mile heats, beating her only 
 competitor Lady Flirt, with such ease the first heat, that she 
 was drawn. Lady Flirt had won the three-mile heats, with 
 eclat, at Poughkeepsie, where she subsequently beat Black 
 Maria and others, three-mile heats. 
 
 55. 1830. May 8. Ariel, now eight years old, had been 
 matched by the gentlemen of the ISTorth, to run on the Union 
 Course, against Col. Johnson's Arietta, four years old, by Yir- 
 ginian, backed by him and others of the South — Ariel to carry 
 100 lbs. against 87 lbs. two miles, for $5000 aside — and was 
 beat by Arietta, rather more than a length — a good race — sixty 
 yards more would probably have given it to Ariel. Tlie first 
 mile was run in Im. 4Ts. — the two in 3m. 44s. See " Old Turf- 
 man," p. 45, vol. 3, American Turf Register. 
 
 56. May 12. Ariel was beat the three-mile heats, by Sir 
 Level, six years old, by Duroc, a good race, in which she was 
 second — beating Bachelor and Yankee Maid. Time, 5m. 47s. — 
 5m. 53s. 
 
 57. May 18. In less than a week, Ariel again entered the 
 lists with Sir Lovel, at Poughkeepsie, destined to replace tlie 
 laurels she loses on the Union Course. This was in other re- 
 spects a second edition of her race with Betsey Eansom on the 
 same course. Sir Lovell the favorite, at one hundred to thirty, 
 led otf in gallant style, and took the first heat in 7m. 54s. 
 There was now scarce a doubt as to the result. In tlie second 
 heat, he took the lead as before — Ariel pressing him more close- 
 ly on every mile, the first run in Im. 57s. — the second in Ira. 
 59s. — the third in Im. 54s. — the three miles in 5m. 50s. — in a 
 half mile more, Ariel is ahead as in the former race — but Sir 
 Lovell gives up, and Ariel wins it, at her ease, in 8m. Sir Lov- 
 ell being then drawn, Ariel again took the purse. 
 
 This was Ariel's last race, and with the fame that Sir Lov- 
 ell subsequently acquired, was of itself sufficient to establish 
 her fame. Two days thereafter, he won the two-mile heats, 
 beating Maryland Eclipse and Lady Hunter, in 3m. 60s. anc" 
 
HER LAST APPEARANCE. 219 
 
 3m. 46s. — a severely contested race. The next week, on the 
 Union Course, he beat Arietta, a match, $5,000 a side, two-mile 
 heats, in 3m. 45s. and 3m. 48s. 
 
 In the autumn Ariel was in training, and brought to the 
 Poughkeepsie Course ; but it does not appear why slie did not 
 run — probably she was in the stable with Black Maria, Celeste 
 and others — the former now running her brilliant career, won 
 the four-mile heats at this meeting, in Ym. 56s. — Ym. 53s. 
 
 " The veteran Ariel was led on the course for the last time, 
 on her withdrawal from the turf.'' " She appeared the picture, 
 the beau ideal of a race-horse, and hundreds of amateurs 
 thronged around her to take a parting look at an old and de- 
 served favorite. When stripped and saddled by her trainer, 
 she exhibited all the fire of youth, with the vigor of maturity, 
 manifesting the most animated impatience, till a lad mounted 
 and galloped her around the course, for the gratification of the 
 admiring crowd. She brushed up the last quarter with that 
 inevitable fairy stride, which we have so often viewed with de- 
 light — then taking leave of the arena of her triumphs, she went 
 leisurely into a retirement, from which no friend could wish to 
 recall her, covered with imj^erishable laurels — the prize of many 
 a hard-fought field." 
 
 Thus it appears Ai'iel has run more than 345 7niles in 57 
 races, of which she has won 42,* lY of them four-mile heats. 
 She has run every distance, in nearly the best time of the j)res- 
 ent century, and we believe the very best third and fourth heat 
 that has eve7' heen run. She has vanquished almost every horse 
 of fame from ISTew York to Georgia, during the f five years she 
 was on the turf, never laying by nor lame ; and when beat, al- 
 ways making good races, conquered only by the best horses 
 and at their respective distances ; all of whom she beat on a 
 second trial, excepting only Monsieur Tonson, Sally Walker, 
 Flirtilla, Kate Kearney, and Arietta — the three last she ran 
 with but once — and whenever beaten, it may be questionable 
 whether she was run in proper condition. Excepting her matcli 
 
 * " Imported Citizen won 19 races in England — 14 of them four-mile heats — 6 
 of them at three heats." 
 
 f See Turf Reg. vol. 1, pp. 159, 219, 283, 485, 486, 489, 491, 518, 519, 520, 
 630 to 536, 566, 588. Vol. 2, pp. 555-6. Vol. 3, pp. 42, 45, 335-6, 378. 
 
220 THE HORSE. 
 
 at three years old, of three-mile heats, with the very best race- 
 horse then known on the turf, she has never lost a race in which 
 she won a heat. She has won in matches and Jockey Club 
 purses, exclusive of bets, $25,000 for her several owners ; who, 
 with scarce an exception, if any, have all derived profit from 
 her generous exertions. 
 
 Her winnings — in number of races and distances — greatly 
 surpass any of which we have any account, either in England 
 or America. Rockingham, who heads the list of English win- 
 ners — Am. Turf Reg. vol. 3, p. 390 — was winner 33 times; 
 her ancestor PotSos, 31 times ; another ancestor Gimcrack — 
 the severest runner ever known in England — 28 times out of 37 
 races / Woodpecker 28, and imported Buzzard 28 ; Eleanor * — 
 grandam of Luzborough — winner of the Derby and Oaks — • 
 consecutive days — a feat performed by no other — comes nearer 
 to Ariel in her performances than any besides, having won 28 
 out of 48 races ; Peggy, the mare of most fame ever imported 
 into America — and g. g. grandam of Tychicus, and of the 
 famed Vespa, winner last year of the Oaks, and this of King's 
 plates, and other distinguished races m England. — See New 
 Sporting Magazine, for May and June, 1834 — won 22 out of 35 
 races — see American Turf Register, vol. 4, p. 557 — imported 
 Shark 19 ; Sir Peter Teazle 17 ; Elorizel 16 ; Highflyer 14 ; 
 Orville — one of the severest and best runners of modern days — 
 won about 14 races, but lost as many ; Dick Andrews — also 
 grandsire to Luzborough — won' 20 out of 27 ; Diomed 12 ; 
 Eclipse 11 ; Matchem 10 ; Herod 10 ; Trumpator 10 ; Childers 
 6 or 8 ; &c., &c. Of our horses of most celebrity few of them 
 have won many races ; Sir Charles won 20 — sometimes shame- 
 fully beaten — distanced both by Sir William and Eclipse — ■ 
 Timoleon won 6; Virginian 10; Am. Eclipse, so famed at the 
 Korth, ran only eight races, from four to nine years old, inclu- 
 sive, and made but one very good race — having beaten second- 
 rate competitors, or those that had been worn or broken down, 
 until he encountered Henry ; whose defeat may be ascribable 
 to mismanagement — and other distinguished horses, Yirago, 
 
 * Imported Luzborough won 24 out of 32 races, but never ran four miles. He 
 was five years on the turf. 
 
HER UNKIYALLED HONEST i'. 221 
 
 Gallatin, Sir Archy, Florizel, Pacolet, Bertrand, Monsieur Ton- 
 son, Sallj Walker, Mercmy, &c., &c., have run about the same 
 number. We have no recollection of any other — besides the 
 famed gelding Leviathan, Black Maria, winner at twenty miles, 
 and whose achievements have subsequently been so splendid — 
 yet on the turf — her dam Lady Lightfoot — -perhaps her grandam 
 Black Maria, by Shark — Polly Hopkins, Sally Hope, and Col- 
 lier — that in the excellence and extent of their running, can bear 
 any comparison to Ariel — certainly their superior in the latter 
 respect. Of Lady Lightfoot tlie memoir is incomplete — she won 
 three races in one week at Charleston, S. C. — beat the best 
 horses in excellent time — was on the turf from three to eleven 
 years old ; but a great portion of the time running with second- 
 rate or broken-down horses — she may have won thirty races ; 
 Polly HojDkins, from three to six years old, won 23 out of 30 
 races ; winning all her seven races the fall she was three years 
 old, and beating the best horses, in the best time ; Sally Hope, 
 from three to seven, won 22 out of 27 races ; 18 or 19 of them 
 in succession, to the close of her career, beating the best horses, 
 also in the best time. See Am. Turf Reg. vol, 3, p. 452. 
 
 In taking leave of the famed Ariel, with this exposition, we 
 conceive ourselves justified in admitting her claims to an illus- 
 trious lineage, and to our admiration, for performances that we 
 think unparalleled on the pages of racing annals. — AQnerican 
 Turf Register, vol. vi,, No. 1. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 200.) We doubt the correctness of the pedigree of Figure on the dam's 
 side. There is no Mariamne by Partner, but in vol. 1, page 427, of English Stud- 
 Book, Mariamne foaled in 1748, by Lord Portmore's Victorious. We think the fol- 
 lowing his correct pedigree : Mariamne, by Lord Portmore's Victorious — Partner — 
 Richardson's Merlin (son of Old Merlin) Makeless — Burford Bull — Devonshire 
 Arabian. 
 
 f (P. 201.) Imp. Pacolet's pedigree, as given in the American Turf Register, 
 cannot be traced in the English Stud-Book. No such mare as Queen Mab, by 
 Musgrove's Gray Arabian, can be found. Molly Pacolet, by Pacolet — son of Spark — 
 was not out of his own sister Queen Mab, but was out of Whiteneck, by Crab, as 
 given on page 198. 
 
PEDIGREE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCES OF BLACK MARIA. 
 
 The distinguislied subject of this memoir was bred by Cliarles 
 Henry Hall, Esq., of Harlem, N. Y., and was foaled on the 15tli 
 of June, 1826. At the age of seventeen months she was pur- 
 chased by John C. Stevens, Esq., of this city, for $1,000, and 
 remained in his hands during the whole of her long and brilliant 
 racing career. She was got by American Eclipse, out of 
 Lady Lightfoot, by Sir Archy — grand dam Black Maria by Imp. 
 Shark — g, g. dam — the dam of Yingt'un — a celebrated race 
 mare by Imp. Clockfast, a half-brother to Medley, by Gimcrack 
 • — g. g. g. dam Burwell's Maria by Kegulus, etc. 
 
 Did our limits allow, we would gladly devote a few columns 
 to the history of the illustrious ancestry of the subject of this 
 memoir, but with the intention of making it the theme of ano- 
 ther article at no distant day, we proceed to the discussion of 
 the matter before us. We will remark, however, en passanty 
 that Lady Lightfoot, the dam of Black Maria, was the most 
 distinguished racer of her day, having won between twenty and 
 thirty races, the majority at four-mile heats, and never having 
 been beaten but once, except in her old age — her eleventh year 
 — and then by Eclipse, on the Union Course. She was bred by 
 the late Colonel John Tayloe, of Ya., and was foaled at Mr. 
 Ogle's seat, Bel- Air, Pr. George's county, Md., in June, 1812. 
 She was purchased by Mr. Hall in 1824, of Major Wm. Jones, 
 of Oyster Bay, Long Island, and the late Dr. Alexander Hosack, 
 of this city, for $1,500, with a bay filly at her foot. This filly, 
 called Camilla, died January 5, 1825. Lady Lightfoot subse- 
 quently produced, 
 
LADY LIGHTFOOT's STOCK. 223 
 
 1825— Bl. c. Eclipse Lightfoot, by Am. Eclipse ; sold at 4 yrs. old for $1,500, to a 
 
 Co. in N. J. 
 1826 — ^Bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, the subject of this memoir; sold at 12 yra. 
 
 old for $4,000. 
 182Y — Missed to Eclipse. 
 1828— Ch. f. Screamer, by Henry ; sold at 11 months old to W. Livingston, Esq., 
 
 for $500. 
 1829 — Br. c. Terror, by Eclipse; sold at Y months old to the same gentleman for 
 
 $1,000. 
 1830— Bl. c. Shark, by Eclipse ; sold while on the turf to J. C. Craig, Esq., for 
 
 $17,500. 
 1831 — B. f. Bay Maria, by Eclipse ; sold at 4 yrs. old to Colonel W. Hampton, of 
 
 S. C, for $5,000. 
 1832 — Missed to Imp. Serab. 
 
 Drother, ) 
 ipse, J 1 
 
 1834 — B. f. Young Lady Lightfoot, by EcUpse, ) the first has never been trained. 
 
 Lady Lightfoot died from the eflfects of a violent cold, two 
 days after the last named filly was foaled. Of the sire of Black 
 Maria — Eclipse — or of the sire of her dam — Sir Archy — nothing 
 need be said, the latter standing unrivalled, as he does, as the 
 sire of a host of winners, while Eclipse is equally unrivalled as 
 a winner himself. 
 
 The grand dam of black Maria, another prodigy, was, if possi- 
 ble, still more remarkable ; she united not only a great turn of 
 speed to unflinching game, but she ran to her foui'teenih year. 
 She was herself out of a celebrated race mare by Imported 
 Shark, one of the best racers and stallions England ever pro- 
 duced. She was first known as " Selden's Maria," and in her 
 3 yr. old form was sold to Mr. Alexander, for $2,000, an im- 
 mense price in those days. In the same year, 1799, she was 
 purchased jointly by the late Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia, and 
 the late Gen. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, to match Shark, 
 and went into the stable of the latter, under the name of " Black 
 Maria." Gen. H. soon after purchased Col. T.'s interest in her, 
 and not only won his match, but carried oif every purse for which 
 he entered her. Subsequently she passed into the hands of Col. 
 "W". Alston, of S. C, who after running her a few seasons, sold 
 her back again to Col. Tayloe, at 14 years of age, for $2,500, 
 then the highest price ever paid for a brood mare. 
 
 The produce of no mare in America has ever realized for 
 their owners, probably, so large an amount as Lady Lightfoot. 
 Though the subject of this memoir was, beyond question, the 
 
224 THE nORSE. 
 
 best of her produce, the performances of either Sliark or Bay 
 Maria would alone entitle her to high consideration. Eclipse 
 Lightfoot had a remarkable turn of speed, but being taken with 
 the distemper, was thrown out of training, and soon afterwards 
 sold to be put into the stud. Screamer, Terror, and Young Lady 
 Lightfoot never particularly distinguished themselv^es, and the 
 two last for very manifest reasons ; the first fell when 3 yrs. old, 
 and received an injury in his thigh, of which he never entirely 
 recovered, and the last from running with shoes on for two years, 
 had her feet ruined ; we saw her not a week since, at her breed- 
 er's stable, and on examining them, found them not only small 
 and mis-shapen, but the frog on both fore feet was entirely 
 gone ! Harlem Lass was specially bred for a brood mare, and 
 never trained.* 
 
 Our portrait of Black Maria is pronounced on all hands to 
 be a most striking and remarkable likeness. It was painted in 
 1834, near the close of her racing career, and at the termination 
 of a severe campaign, when she was very low in flesh. Troye 
 was unusually successful with his picture, and our clever en- 
 gravers have been equally felicitous, as we are assured by 
 Mr. Stevens, Mr. Hall, and several other gentlemen who were 
 familiar with the subject of it. As "the old Black Mare" 
 entertained some " vulgar prejudice " against " sitting for her 
 portrait," Troye directed Bill Patrick, her faithful groom, to 
 ride her out into a paddock in front of his window ; this pro- 
 ceeding might be all very well for the painter- and for the mare, 
 Bill thought, but as for him, he was inclined to ■•' sulk," after 
 two hours' promenading ; so whipping off his saddle, he incon- 
 tinently determined to hitch the mare and " bolt," for which 
 disregard of orders and his lukewarmness in facilitating the 
 progress of the Fine Arts, Troye clapped him into his picture in 
 the very act of committing so grave an offence in the eye of a 
 turfman or an artist, as hitching a race-horse to a tree ! Of 
 course he will now go down through all time as the boy who was 
 guilty of so unpardonable a sin, but for fear his punishment 
 would be greater than he could bear, Troye, through urgent in- 
 
 * Harlem Lass, afterwards called Young Lady Lightfoot, produced Miss Light- 
 fooi by imp. Trustee, late owned by Dr. L. A. Sayre, of New York. — Ed. 
 
BLACK MAEIA. 225 
 
 tercession, was finally induced to remit a j^ortion of the punish- 
 ment he had intended, by concealing his face. 
 
 Black Maria's name indicates her color ; her coat is a glossy 
 jet, without a white mark, and her measurement, under the 
 standard, is fifteen hands three inches. She " favors " Lady 
 Lightfoot in tlie shape of her head, which is lighter than most 
 of the get of Eclipse, taj)ering considerably towards the mouth ; 
 she has very fine expressive eyes, and her ears are remarkably 
 pretty ; her neck is delicate, well-shaped, and i*ather long, but 
 not out of proportion to the length of her head, which is very 
 well set on ; her neck comes out exceedingly well from her 
 shoulders, which are broad and beautifully clean, t]iough not 
 quite oblique enough to our taste ; on this point, however, 
 " doctors difier." She rises very high in her withers ; her arms 
 are long, and immensely powerful, with short and very flat 
 cannon bones ; she has good knees, neat pasterns, and per- 
 fectly shaped feet ; the great depth of her chest allows free res- 
 piration, her brisket falling down much in the style of old 
 Eclipse ; taken altogether, forehanded, she is almost faultless, 
 combining the best points of both her dam and sire. When we 
 saw her last — now a year since — she was greatly filled out, 
 with well rounded fore and back ribs, and a better proportioned 
 barrel than she generally exhibited in training ; she was wont 
 to be rather light, and considerably tucked up in the flank, 
 though now and then she was in this respect a perfect model ; 
 the principal objection to her was ever her great length of car- 
 cass. Her coupling does not indicate that ability to take up 
 her weight and go a distance, which her performances have so 
 signally demonstrated — another proof that horses run in all 
 forms. She has arched loins, with good but rather drooping 
 quarters — very muscular thighs, and gaskins of prodigious 
 strength, and clean hocks, coming well down to the ground. 
 Tlie only two points about iier that might justly be found fault 
 with, consist of the unsightly " Bedford hump " between her 
 hips, and her baiTel, which is too long and too light. It has 
 been urged that the peculiar conformation of most of the Eclipse 
 and Lady Lightfoot stock induces curbs ; however it may have 
 been with the others, the two Marias exhibit as beautifully 
 formed limbs as ever supported a high-mettled racer. Black 
 Vol. I.— 15 
 
226 THE nOESE. 
 
 Maria's style of going was remarkably strong and steady, and 
 lier stride was tremendous ; in brushing, she covered twenty- 
 four feet at a stroke. That she nnited unflinching game, and a 
 remarkable turn of speed, to that particularly fine idea of " per- 
 petual motion " which characterized her illustrious ancestry, 
 the subjoined record of her performances will abundantly de- 
 monstrate. Baxter, who brought Dosoris and Fordham to the 
 post for their maiden races in such superb condition, was her 
 first trainer, and Alfred Conover, the present capital trainer of 
 Mr. Kobert L. Stevens, had the honor of first throwing his leg 
 over her back. She won her first four-mile race in the hands 
 of Frederick, " the yellow man," and subsequently was trained 
 by John Buckley, David Palmer, and Flintoff, though Buckley 
 trained her for most of her great races. 
 
 1829. Union Course, Long Island, Saturday, Oct. S— Produce Match, $5,000 each, h. ft., Two-mile 
 
 heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot by Sir Archy, 3 yrs. 
 
 87 lbs 11 
 
 Col. Wm. B. Johnson's br. c. Brilliant, by Sir Archy, out of Bet Bounce— Arab's dam— by 
 
 imp. Sir Harry, 3 yrs. 90 lbs 2 2 
 
 Time, 4.01— 3.5S. Track heavy. 
 
 Tliis match was made on blood, before either animal was 
 foaled, and naturally excited a good deal of interest. It was 
 IN'ortli versus South again. It being the first appearance of 
 both performers, little or nothing was known, even by " men of 
 business," of the speed or endurance o( either. Maria looked 
 like " a good 'un," but then Brilliant was brought to the post 
 by that first-rate judge and crack trainer. Col. Johnson, who 
 showed he knew a " hawk from a handsaw," by ofi'ering to pay 
 $1750 to be ofi"; but this was "no go"— t'other party "know'd 
 sum'ut " too, and wouldn't bite. The Colonel knew the black 
 lady to be well-born and well-bred ; but thinking she might i 
 turn out, as many others with the same advantages have done, 
 no better than she should be, he determined, rather than pay 
 the $2,500, to start Brilliant, and so " threw the helve after the 
 hatchet." The pace for the first mile was " as slow as foot could 
 fall," and for three-quarters of the second it was any thing but 
 a racing one. At the quarter stake Brilliant let loose, and 
 gained two or three lengths by the rush. This awoke the boy 
 
BLAGJi MARIA AND BRILLIANT. 227 
 
 upon IVIaria, and lie waked np the filly with six or eight such 
 first-rate " eye openers," as brought her, at a slapping pace, 
 three or four lengths ahead, at the ending post. Time, 4.01. 
 The filly's taking the string to win the heat in such bad time, 
 led the backers of Brilliant to believe that his "good fix" 
 would tell in the next heat, and so they were "all alive and 
 kicking." In going off the second heat, the " persuaders " were 
 applied to Brilliant from the score, and continued " ever and 
 anon." The pace for the first mile was respectable ; but it was 
 evident the mare was going too much at her ease to bode any 
 good to the horse. She was kept well together, and ready at 
 any moment for a rally. The boy on Brilliant tried what cutting 
 would do, but it was of no service. This diamond, though of 
 the Yirginia water, shone none the brighter for it. In the last 
 half mile, the horse knocked up, from being overworked in the 
 first, and the " Coal Black Hose " won without a struggle in 
 3.58. After the race, Col. Johnson was persuaded, by a gentle- 
 man from Quebec, to throw this pearl away for a thousand dol- 
 lars ; he has since been a winner in Canada. Within a few 
 months he has been purchased by James M. Beall, Esq., of Rus- 
 sell ville, Ky., for $2,000, and will stand at that place next 
 season. The betting, when the horses were stripped, was gen- 
 erally about equal, the Southern horse being rather the favorite 
 with a limited party. The track was very heavy. 
 
 1829. Same course, Oct. 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $400, free for all ages, 3 yr. olds carrying 90 Ibs.^ 
 4, 104 — 5, 114 — 6, 121 — 7 and upwards, 126 lbs. ; mares, fillies and geldings allowed 3 lbs. Three- 
 mile heats. 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 3 yrs. . . .11 
 
 Maj. Wm. Jones's ch. m. Lady Flirt, by Hickory, dam by Duroc, 6 yrs 2 2 
 
 Smith Freeman's ch. h. Sir Charles, by Duroc, out of Maria Slamerkln, by Bond's First 
 
 Consul, 5 yrs. 3 dist 
 
 Time, 5.59—6.12. 
 
 Black Maria took the lead from the start, was never headed, 
 and won in a canter. Lady Flirt is still in Major Jones's breed- 
 ing stud on Long Island, and is the dam of his Andrew filly 
 Fidget, and some other young things. 
 
 1830. Same course, Monday, May 10 — Sweepstakes for all ages, weights as before. Three sub- 
 scribers at one thousand dollars each, P. P. Four miles. 
 
 Col. Wm. E. Johnson's b. m. Slender, by Sir Charles, out of Reality, by Sir Archy, 5 yrs. . . 1 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs 3 
 
 Walter Livingston's gr. m. Betsey Ransom, by Virginian, out of Favorite, by Bel- Air, 6 yrs. . • 
 Time, 7.58. * Broke down. 
 
228 THE HOESE. 
 
 Slender was the favorite at odds against the fiekl. During 
 the training of Betsey Ransom, the fall prcvions, she liad let 
 down in the hack sinew of one fore leg, and was then pui chased, 
 by Mr. Livingston, as nnsound. By the aid of blisters, and that 
 grand specific of nature, rest^ she had, to appearance, so far sur- 
 mounted this accident as to induce Mr. Livingston, prior to the 
 1st of January, 1830, to nominate her for this stake ; but unfor- 
 tunately, her leg conld not stand the exercise required to get 
 four mile length into her. She complained much — her work 
 was of necessity curtailed, and her gallops, at times, discon- 
 tinued. She came to the post by much too high in flesh, and 
 her leg much swollen — it was madness to start her. Black 
 Maria fell far short of tip-top ordei*, while Slender was all and 
 all the thing. Tlie race is thus described. 
 
 " They got oif well together, Maria taking the lead, followed 
 closely by Betsey Ransom — Slender trailing a little. Li this 
 way they went along at a clever rate, all in hand, for the first 
 mile and a quarter, each waiting for the other to make play. 
 Li going down the back stretch in the second mile, Slender let 
 out a little, lapped Betsey, and ran up to Maria, whose rider set 
 her upon her legs, and all three went the pace, until they arrived 
 at the rise of the ground, at the termination of the straight run, 
 on the back side. Here Billy Clark took the bay mare firmly 
 in hand, while Maria led round the north turn, with Betsey 
 close up. When they entered upon the quarter stretch, toward 
 the termination of the second round. Slender again let out, and 
 all came up the straight run at a rattling rate, the black mare 
 still leading the gray in her former position, and the bay still 
 waiting upon them. Thus they entered upon the third mile, 
 and passed round the south turn. "When they arrived at the 
 commencement of the straight run, on the back part, it was 
 evident that Betsey faltered — her fine regular stride was gone — 
 she clambered, and was all abroad. Slender passed in her 
 steady stroke. Betsey continued to drop rapidly, and, being 
 completely let down, was stopped, near the termination of the 
 third mile. Maria and Slender were now going the last mile, 
 and had advanced full half way round the first turn ; the latter 
 collected and in hand, ready for a dash. As soon as they com- 
 menced the stretch, on the back side, she made play, ran up and 
 
BLACK MARIA AND SLENDER. 229 
 
 Challenged, and a sharp rally ensued for about sixty rods. But 
 the set-to commenced too early ; the distance home too long for 
 Maria to live through ; the length began to tell, and although 
 the boy got well at her, it would not do. Slender came in front 
 at the end of the straight side, and swept boldly round the last 
 turn. The black mare's chance was now out, while the bay 
 entered upon the last quarter stretch in good style, winning in 
 a canter. — Time, Y.58." 
 
 Slender, the beautiful winner of this race, was killed the 
 May following, by an accident received in a race with Collier 
 and Eliza Tteilly, at Norfolk, Va. It occurred on tlie 25tli May, 
 in running four-mile lieats. The three entries were locked in 
 the second mile. Slender having the inside track ; when all 
 three were making play for the lead, Slender struck one of her 
 feet against the railing, and fell. The shock was so great as to 
 deprive her of all motion, and she lay apparently lifeless on the 
 track, whence slie was immediately removed, and every effort 
 made to revive her ; but it appeared, upon examination, that 
 the spine was broken, and that she had received some internal 
 hurts, which rendered recovery impossible ; she died at 10 
 o'clock the same night. Her fate excited general sympath}^, 
 and a deep-felt regret in the gallant turfman to whom this fine 
 animal belonged. To him her nominal value was of little con- 
 sequence, but she was a favorite. Her rider escaped unhurt. 
 
 Betsey Ransom, now owned by Robert L. Stevens, Esq., of 
 this city, he sent out to England, in company with his celebrated 
 mare Polly Hopkins, in October, 1834. They went out in foal 
 to Eclipse ; Polly Hopkins dropped a colt, and Betsey Ransom 
 a filly foal, which were imported in their yearling form. The 
 filly, called Jessica, Mr. Stevens sold last season, and she is now 
 owned in Missouri ; Mr. P. C. Bush ran her with credit at the 
 fall meeting of the St. Louis Jockey Club, over the Sulphur 
 Springs Course. In England the two mares were bred to the 
 most fashionable stallions of the day ; in 1837 a yearling filly 
 by Priam — since imported — and another by Emilius came over, 
 and shortly afterwards Betsey Ransom herself; slie was bred 
 last year to Mr. John C. Stevens' Dosoris, while Polly Hopkins 
 was stinted to Plenipo, and still remains abroad. 
 
230 THE HORSE. 
 
 1830. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., "Wednesday, May 19— Jockey Club Puree, 
 $800, free for all ages ; weights as on the Union Course. Three-milo heats. 
 
 Maj. Wm. Jones's ch. id. Lady Flirt, by Hickory, dam by Duroc, aged 11 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs. ... 22 
 
 Gen. Bedell's b. f. Jeannett, by Eclipse, dam by , 4 yrs * * 
 
 Wm. H. Minge's b. c. Mayday, by Sir Archy, dam by Hornet, 4 yrs * * 
 
 Time, 6.00 each heat. 
 
 !No particulars of tliis race have come to our knowledge, 
 otherwise than that it was said to have been " won handily." 
 The Jeannett, run by Gen. Bedell, must not be confounded with 
 Mr. Stevens' Janettc, own sister to Sir Charles. Mayday was 
 standing at Buckingham Court House, Ya., in 1837, since which 
 we have lost sight of him. 
 
 T30. Same course, Thursday, Oct. 7 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, free for all ages, weights as before. 
 Four-mile heats. 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs 11 
 
 Jos. H. Van Mater's ch. c. Leopold, by Oscar, out of Katydid, by imp. Expedition, 4 yrs. . 3 2 
 
 John Buckley's ch. m. Lady Hunter, by Duroc, out of Lady Eichmond, by Eagle, 6 yrs. . 2 S 
 
 Maj. Wm. Jones's ch. m. Lady Flirt, by Hickory, dam by Duroc, aged, dist 
 
 Time, 7.53—8.05. 
 
 A very fine race between Leopold and Lady Hunter, neither 
 being able to put up the winner, who won cleverly at her ease. 
 Leopold is now standing in Illinois, and promises to distinguish 
 himself. Lady Hunter is beneath the turf. It will be seen that 
 Lady Flirt, who beat Black Maria in her previous race, was dis- 
 tanced by her in this with ease. 
 
 1830. Same course, Wednesday, Oct. 27 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as before. Four- 
 mile heats. 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. f. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 4 yrs. . . .11 
 
 Jos. H. Van Mater's ch. c. Leopold, by Oscar, out of Katydid, 4 yrs 2 2 
 
 Mr. Parker's gr. m. Peggy Madee, by Sir Hal, dam by Sir Archy, aged 5 8 
 
 Thos. Pearsall's ch. m. Medora, by Rattier, out of Sport's-mistress by Hickory, 4 yrs. . 3 4 
 
 J. Buckley's ch. m. Lady Hunter, by Duroc, out of Lady Eichmond, 6 yrs 4 5 
 
 Time, 7.56—7.53. 
 
 A capital race, all out and doing their best from end to end, 
 save the winner, who cut out the work with a long rating stroke, 
 and never was headed in either heat. Peggy Madee, when we 
 last heard of her, was in the breeding stud of Henry Maclin, 
 Esq., of Yirginia. 
 
 1831. Union Course, L. I., Thursday, May 12 — Jockey Club Purse, $600, conditions as before. 
 Four-mile heats. 
 
 Col. Wm. E. Johnson's gr. f. Bonnets o' Blue, by Sir Charles, out of Eeality, by Sir Archy, 
 
 4 yrs 11 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot 5 yrs. . . 2 2 
 
 pr. Alex. Hosack's ch. h. St. George, by Eclipse, 5 yrs ... dlst. 
 
 Time, 7.57—8.22. 
 
BONNETS o' BLUE. 231 
 
 Bonnets o' Blue, a very superior race mare, promises to be- 
 come equally celebrated in the breeding stud. She is now the 
 property of William Gibbons, Esq., of Madison, IST. J., who has 
 colts from her by Shark and imp. Trustee ; the former at a 
 year old was very bloodlike, and as promising a yearling as we 
 ever saw ; he makes his debut in the spring, and though a little 
 under-sized, promises to confer credit upon his illustrious ances- 
 try. If our memory serves us, Mr. Gibbons paid Col. Johnson 
 $2,500 for Bonnets o' Blue, after she was withdrawn from the 
 turf. 'No particulars of this race are furnished by the Tuif 
 Register or journals of the day. Dr. Hosack's St. George was 
 of no account. 
 
 1831. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., Thursday, May 26 — Jockey Club Purse, 
 
 $500, free for all ages, weights as before. Four-mile heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 5 yrs. , . .11 
 Jos H.. Van :Mater's ch. c. Mark Eichards, by John Pachards, dam by Eevenge, 4 yrs. . 2 2 
 
 J. 8. Snedeker's gr. h. Splendid, by Duroc, out of Empress, aged 8 * 
 
 Time, 8.17— 8.30. * Broke down. 
 
 The track was very heavy, and neither of the other entries 
 were able to push the winner, who led from end to end, Mark 
 Richards has since stood for mares, and if we mistake not. 
 Splendid is yet a stallion at the South-west. Some of the 
 former's stock we have seen, but cannot say much for them. 
 
 1881. Same course, Thursday, Oct. 6 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as before. Four-mile 
 
 heats. 
 Col. Wm. Wynn's b. c. James Cropper, by Sir Charles, dam by Whip, 4 yrs. . . .12 1 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 5 yrs. . . 2 12 
 Time, 8.01—8.04—8.07. Track heavy. 
 
 Cropper was the favorite at long odds, the mare being amiss. 
 Each heat was desperately contested, Cropper winning the first 
 heat by a neck only, after being spurred all the w^ay up the 
 straight side. Betting now ten to one on him. Black Maria 
 won the second heat by two lengths, having a different jockey 
 on her back ; the one who rode her the first was oblifjed to 
 carry a heavy hag of sand to make up his weight. The issue 
 of the third heat was put upon a brush by Maria, and she lost 
 it by a throatlatch merely ; two more strokes would have " done 
 the trick." James Cropper, at our last accounts of him, was 
 Btanding in Nottoway county, Ya. 
 
232 THE HORSE. 
 
 1881. Central Course, Baltimore, Md., "Wednesday, Oct. 26— Post Stake for all ages, 3 yr. olds to 
 carry 86 lbs.— 4, 100—5, 110—6, US— 7 and upwards, 124 lbs. allowing 3 lbs. to marcs and geld- 
 ings. Six subscribers at $500 each, to ivbicli the proprietor added $1,000. Four-mile heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady LIghtfoot, 5 yrs. . .511 
 Col. John P. "White's ch. h. Collier, by Sir Charles, dam by Whip, 5 yrs. . . . 3 2 2 
 Col. "W. E. Johnson's b. m. Virginia Taylor, by Sir Archy, out of Coquette, 5 yrs. . .13 8 
 Col. "Wm. "Wynn's b. c. James Cropper, by Sir Charles, dam by "Whip, 4 yrs. . . 4 4* 
 
 Gen. C. Irvine's ch. c. Busiris, by Eclipse, out of Grand Duchess, 4 yrs 6 dist. 
 
 Dr. Wm. n. Minge's b. f Eliza Eeilly, by Sir Archy, out of Bet Bounce, 4 yrs. . . 2 dr. 
 Time, 8.03—8.10—8.03. * Broke down. 
 
 •' Goclolpliin," a favorite correspondent of the " Turf Regis- 
 ter" at the time, gives lis the annexed report of this fine 
 race : — 
 
 " The amount of the purse, the reputation of the horses, to- 
 gether "v\-itli the concourse assembled to "witness it, gave to this 
 race an interest scarcely inferior to that excited by the contest 
 between Henry and Eclipse. The course, from the surrounding 
 hills, had the appearance of a vast amphitheatre. Its whole 
 area seemed covered with equipages — some of them very splen- 
 did — mingled with troops of well-dressed men, on foot and on 
 horseback. The sun shone with more than his usual splendor — 
 there was not a cloud to be seen — Heaven and the ladies smiled 
 upon the first efi'orts of the Maryland Jockey Club. How, 
 then, could they fail ? Their immense pavilions were crowded 
 with spectators, collected from every State in the Union. Tlie 
 one api^ropriated to the ladies was occupied by hundreds of the 
 gay and beautiful of that sex, without whose smiles, the flowers 
 of the brightest wreaths ever wove for victory would fade and 
 be valueless. Their presence was felt as a security for the ob- 
 servance of those rules, the slightest violation of which would 
 have been deemed a disgrace too deep for a gentleman, and too 
 dangerous for a ruffian to encounter. 
 
 " The horses were mounted, and got off well together at a 
 few minutes after one o'clock. Eliza Eeilly came out of the 
 crowd and took the lead down the back stretch, followed at dif- 
 ferent distances by the othei's. In the last mile she was tackled 
 by Virginia Taylor, who beat her the heat by a length in 8,03. 
 What Collier and Cropper did, or meant to do, nobody could 
 guess, as they appeared to change their minds some half dozen 
 of times, running at one moment, and pulling at another. 
 Busiris dropt just within his distance. The boy on Black Maria 
 was ordered to do the same ; but, maugre his utmost exertions, 
 
COLLIER AND ELIZA EEILLT. 233 
 
 and his I'unning rein, she came within a 7nil6 distance of the 
 winning horse. Had she broke away with him in the last half 
 inile — which I expected every minute to see — she would have 
 won the heat in spite of his teeth. The heat varied the betting 
 but little. It was still, as at the commencement, Collier against 
 Cropper — Collier against the field — Cropper against the black 
 mare — the field against either, &c., &c. 
 
 " For the second heat five started, Eliza lieilly being drawn. 
 The first three miles of this heat was done in a gallop, neither 
 seeming anxious to make play. At the end of the third mile 
 Maria took the track, and kept it at a killing pace, winning 
 easily in 8.10. Collier second, and Busiris distanced. This 
 bout changed the complexion of things. It was now Maria 
 against the field, and no takers. 
 
 " Four stripped for the third heat ; but the way in which 
 the black mare cooled out, showed to those who knew a hawk 
 from a handsaw, that the jig was up, barring accident. It was 
 a side of bacon to a sour apple — no bad thing, as the stable 
 boys, as well as myself, can vouch. That, together with the 
 corn bread, stuck so close to the ribs of Gil and Ralph, that 
 four ounces of salts had no effect on either, except to harden 
 the corn bread and the bacon, and render them four ounces 
 heavier, instead of four pounds — the difiference between iN^orthern 
 and Southern weights — lighter. Maria took the lead and kept 
 it, winning easily in 8.03 — as hard as Ealph could pull her. 
 Cropper broke down in the third mile." 
 
 Collier stood at the Madison Course, Ky., last season. Busiris, 
 for several seasons, has been covering in Pennsylvania, quite 
 " out of the world," as regards thoroughbred mares, though a 
 very capital horse ; he ought to be sent to a " race-horse region." 
 At the sale of Mr. Minge's stock last October, Eliza Reilly was 
 sold to J. H. Williamson, Esq., of Virginia. Virginia Taylor, 
 who soon after this race passed into the hands of the late Mr. 
 Craig, of Philadelphia, is now the property of Dr. George Mc- 
 Clellan, of that city. 
 
 1S31. Same course, Saturday, Oct. 23— Jockey Club Purse, $700, free for all ages, weights as be- 
 fore. Four-mile heats. 
 
 Col. Wm. E. Johnson's ch. f. Trifle, by Sir Charles, dam by Cicero, 3 yrs 11 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 5 yrs. ... 22 
 
 CoL J. P. White's ch. h. Collier, by Sir Charles, dam by Whip, 5 yrs. . . ... 8 3 
 
 l)r. John Minge's b. h. Mayday, by Sir Archy, dam by Hornet, 5 yrs. . . • . 4 4 
 Time, S.OO — 7.55. Track heavy. 
 
234 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 The following spirited account of tliis race is from the same 
 correspondent. 
 
 " Two to one on Maria against the field and few takers. 
 She was known to have fed but little, and to be somewhat stiff 
 and sore from her race of Wednesday, still it was thought there 
 was enough left in her to beat Collier, Mayday, and an untried 
 3-year-old of 14 hands high. The start was a good one. Col- 
 lier and Mayday had the track for the first two miles and a half, 
 closely followed by Maria and Trifle ; Maria then came in front 
 and kept the lead to the turn in the last half mile, when, to the 
 astonishment of every body, Trifle made a brush and Avent by 
 her two or three lengths. Ealpli was all abroad, and did not 
 know whether he was on his head or his heels. YVhalebone 
 and catgut could only bring the mare to a lap at the ending 
 post. Trifle w^on the heat in 8.00. Collier and Mayday laid 
 up. This heat, though it varied the betting on the black mare, 
 did not discourage the friends of Collier, who backed him to 
 win against cither the mare or Trifle. Maria came to the post 
 for the second heat perfectly cooled out, and looking still like 
 a winner ; but she was observed to be a little lame, and to feel 
 in lier feet the eftects of her former race. Collier and Mayday 
 were but little distressed, and Trifle came from the hands of Col. 
 Selden's trainer in perfect condition. The four stripped again 
 at the usual interval — which at the South is forty-five minutes. 
 Collier and Mayday made the running for the first two miles, 
 when Maria's steady stride brought her alongside, and in the 
 next half mile ahead of both. The black mare kept the track, 
 dropping Collier and Mayday fast, and followed at a short dis- 
 tance by Trifle, who had also headed the other two. In round- 
 ing the turn in the last half mile. Trifle again challenged, and 
 again went by the mare, in the same place and in the same 
 style as in the former heat, evincing no signs of tire, and win- 
 ning by a length in 7.55. She kept up her stride, and showed 
 an endurance that astonished those who witnessed this extra- 
 ordinar}'- performance. In this heat Black Maria ran her 
 twentieth mile of that week in 1.53." 
 
 Trifle came out in the spring of this year, and i-an on to the 
 end of the campaign of 1831:, during which she started twenty- 
 four times and won eighteen races — sixteen of them purses, at 
 
TEIFLE. 235 
 
 three and four-mile heats — netting for lier owner $14,380. She 
 has never been put in condition since first withdrawn from the 
 turf, though " taken up " to train several times. Siie dropped 
 a very fine br. filly foal by Star in 1837, and is now stinted to 
 imp. Priam ; she still remains the property of Col. Johnson of 
 Virginia, and Capt. David H. Branch, of the Union Course, L. I. 
 Charlotte Russe, an own sister of hers, coming five years, the 
 property of Col. Wade Hampton of South Carolina, promises to 
 add another chaplet to the brow of Sir Charles, by her brilliant 
 performances ; after winning at the South in the winter of 1837, 
 she was placed in the stable of the " ISTapoleon," who brought 
 her to the ITorth with Boston, and she finished the campaign by 
 winning a four-mile purse on the Beacon Course. The same 
 chivalrous gentleman is also the owner of Bay Maria, an own 
 sister of the subject of this memoir, and a distinguished winner 
 at four-mile heats. To the great regret of her Northern friends. 
 Col. Hampton withdrew her from the turf at the close of her 
 five-year-old year, after she had won three Jockey Club Purses 
 in South Carolina at four-mile heats, within about as many 
 weeks. She was without a blemish when put into the stud, and 
 is the most beautiful brood mare we ever saw ; a filly she 
 dropped last season to imp. Powton is considered a nonpareil. 
 
 1832. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., Thursday, May 17 — Jockey Cluh Purse, $500, 
 free for all ages, 3 yr. olds 90 lbs. — 1, 104—5, 114—6, 121—7 and upwards, 126 Yds., mares and 
 geldings being allowed 3 lbs. Four-mile heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. . , .11 
 
 J. H. Forman's b. c. Uncle Sam, by John Richards, dam by Cscar, 4 yrs 4 2 
 
 Thos. Pearsall's ch. m. Medora, by Rattler, out of Sporfs-mistress, 6 yrs 5 3 
 
 Mr. Abbott's bl. h. Rising Sun, by Eclipse, dam by Plato, 5 yrs 3 4 
 
 Jos. U. Van Mater's gr. f. Jane Grey, by Orphan Boy, out of Rosalind, by Oscar, 4 yrs. . . 2 dr. 
 
 Time, 8.0S— 8.16. 
 
 The track was very heavy from rain, having been ploughed 
 the fall previous. Maria won without a struggle, Uncle Sam 
 having bolted in the last mile of the second heat, notwitlistand- 
 ing which he came in second. We recollect seeing him adver- 
 tised to stand for mares in a Maryland paper a year or two 
 since. Medora, a very fine brood mare, is now the property of 
 AValter Livingston, Esq., of this city, and is the dam of liis colt 
 Nassau ; he was nominated with Job in the great $44,000 stake 
 run over the Union Course last spring, for which he was a fa- 
 
236 THE HORSE, 
 
 vorite, but broke out with the distemper a few days before the 
 race, and was not started during the season. 
 
 1832. Union Course, L. I., "Wednesday, May 23— Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as at Pough- 
 
 keepsie. Four-mile heats. 
 
 Bela Badger's b. h. Flying Dutchman, by John Richards, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs. . . .11 
 
 Jos. II. Van Mater's gr. f. Jane Grey, by Orphan Boy, out of Eosalind, 4 yrs. ... 32 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. . . .28 
 
 Time, 8.05 — S.08. Track very heavy from rain. 
 
 The betting was general at 100 to 25 on Black Maria, 
 amorous notions in whose head interfered with the swiftness of 
 her heels ; she was so desperately enamored with the Dutch- 
 man, that she could not be induced to pass him. Long odds 
 were offered on her for the race, even after the first heat. After 
 Mr. Badger's death — some three years since — Flying Dutchman 
 was sold to go West, with Priam — by John Kichards — and an- 
 other stallion. 
 
 1832. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsio, N. T., Thursday, Oct. 4 — Jockey Club Purse, $300, 
 
 conditions as before. Three mile heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. . .211 
 
 Dr. E. A. Darcy's ch. m. Lady Relief, by Eclipse, out of Maria Slamerkin, 5 yrs. . . 12 3 
 
 A. Sherman's ch. h. De Witt Clinton, by Rattler, out of Matilda, 4 yrs 8 8 2 
 
 Time, 6.02—5.55—5.55. 
 
 Black Maria not being quite up to the mark, Mr. Stevens 
 entered her for the three-mile, and O'Kelly, instead, for the four- 
 mile purse, and thereby w^on both cleverly. O'Kelly, then five 
 years old, beat Jane Grey and De AVitt Clinton, and soon after- 
 wards passed into the hands of Col. Johnson, of Yirginia, for 
 $5,500. Col. Johnson disposed of him soon after at a handsome 
 advance, to a Tennessee turfman. Mr. A. T. ]^olan advertised 
 him to stand at Franklin, Tenn,, in 1836 ; his new owners 
 brought him on the turf again last season, in his eleventh year, 
 and considering " the hardships he had passed," his performance 
 was highly respectable. De Witt Clinton is still the property 
 of Mr. Brooks, of Ovid, Seneca county, IST. Y., who purchased 
 him of Mr. Sherman, and he is now standing at Columbus, 
 Ohio. 
 
 1832. Union Course, L. I., Saturday, Oct. 1.3— Jockey Club Purse, $600, conditions as before. Four 
 
 mile heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 6 yrs. .10 2 2 1 
 Dr. E. A. Darcy's ch. m. Lady Relief, by Eclipse, out of Maria Slamerkin, 5 yrs. 3 8 3 12 
 John C. Craig's ch. f. Trifle, by Sir Charles, dam by Cicero, 4 yrs. . . .2018 difit 
 
 Bela Badger's— John C. Tillotson's— b. f. Slim, by Flying Childers, out of Molly 
 
 Longlegs, by Uarwood, 4 yrs 4 dist. 
 
 Time, 8.06— 7.55— 8.13— 8.39— 8.4T. 
 
THE TWENTY-MILE KACE. 237 
 
 Several interesting reports of this remarkable race have 
 been jDnblished, but tlie most accurate and graphic one that has 
 met our eje was penned by a distinguished member of the 
 !New York bar — a gentleman whose taste and judgment in 
 everj thing pertaining to horse-flesh, is only equalled by the 
 extent and variety of his legal acquirements. It appeared as a 
 communication in the " Turf Register," in the number for De- 
 cember, 1832, and was to the following effect ; — 
 
 " After the horses were brought upon the ground, much 
 anxiety was exhibited as to the event of the coming contest ; 
 and the interesting little Trifle appeared to be the favorite 
 among the betters, as well as the spectators. — ' Five to four. 
 Trifle against the field,' was current betting ; and 'five to three, 
 Trifle against Black Maria,' were repeatedly off'ered and refused. 
 Indeed, this ofispring of the far-famed Lady Lightfoot seemed 
 to have but few friends or well-wishers, comjjaratively speaking ; 
 and bets were repeatedly off'ered that she would not take a heat. 
 Prepossessions, in favor of the Southern mare, appeared to exist 
 among a decided majority of the spectators ; and, as she was 
 foaled ' south of Mason and Dixon's line,' it seemed a matter 
 of course that she was to win. Indeed, if unfailing spirits, 
 beauty of form, and a peculiar quietness of manner, could supply 
 the defect of size. Trifle would not be considered as such in any 
 thing but name. She is race-horse in every just sense of the 
 word, but a race-horse of the smallest pattern — not over four- 
 teen hands and a half high — of just proportions, undoubted 
 bottom, and considerable jDower. Her color a bright chestnut, 
 with a blaze, indicating spirit and blood. 
 
 " Black Maria, in size and general appearance, is in all re- 
 spects unlike her rival, as is well known to Southern, as well as 
 l!^orthern sportsmen. Her color is indicated by her name ; and 
 her great size, strength and stride, show her a worthy daughter 
 of a noble sire. Indeed, in her the blood of Eclipse and Lady 
 Lightfoot are in no way disgraced, as this race Avill most fully 
 prove. 
 
 " Lady Kelief and Slim were almost unknown to fame ; but 
 certain individuals present were aware that the former had, 
 upon a previous occasion, won the last half of sixteen miles ; 
 and they looked for sport, unexpected by others, if it should 
 
238 THE HORSE, 
 
 happen that the two first heats were not taken either by Trifle 
 or Maria. The latter, it was known, had the/bo^ of Relief; as 
 they met on the first of the month at Ponghkeepsie, and con- 
 tended together for the three-mile purse, which was taken by 
 Maria with great ease. As the trumpet sonnded for the horses 
 to come np to the starting-post, they severally appeared, exhibit- 
 ing their various tempers by their individual behavior. Black 
 Maria — who had the inside track — showed neither alarm nor 
 anxiety. She was as calm and unimpassioned as if she had 
 been a mere spectator ; and this coldness of demeanor won no 
 ' golden opinions ' among the lookers-on. Trifle exhibited high 
 spirits, brought down to their proper level by judicious break- 
 ing and training. A slight tremor ran through her frame ; and 
 an impatient lifting of the fore foot, now and then, showed that 
 she was alive to the coming struggle. 
 
 " Lady Relief, on the contrary, was all fire and animation — 
 ready to break away from her groom, and dash through all ob- 
 stacles for the sake of victory. 
 
 " Slim exhibited an impatient spirit, and seemed, by her 
 anxiety, to show herself a descendant from that Childers who 
 always ran — at least on our course — without ' whip or spur.' 
 
 " At the tap of the drum the four went off well together, 
 Relief taking the lead within the first quarter, closely followed 
 by Sliri), then by Trifle, and last, but not least^ by Black Maria. 
 The first mile indicated a waiting race^ as all the riders had 
 their horses under the hardest pull ; each seeming desirous that 
 his antagonists should take the lead. Trifle, impatient at such 
 trifling^ began to make play, and this aroused Black Maria, who 
 was trailing along quietly, behind the whole. With a few huge 
 strides, she brought herself up to the front, passed the whole 
 before she came to the judges' stand, followed closely by the 
 gallant little Trifle, who ' stuck to ' her like an accompanying 
 phantom. At the beginning of the third mile the leading nags 
 made play, and during the whole of it Maria held the lead, fol- 
 lowed closely by Trifle ; while Relief and Slim were — and, 
 as we believe, not willingly — at a most respectable distance in 
 the rear. 
 
 " After passing the judges' stand and entering upon the 
 fourth mile, and after compassing the turn, upon the southerly 
 
THE FIRST HEAT. 239 
 
 side of the course, Trifle ' made a dash ' at Maria, and ran her 
 so hard down the descending ground upon the straiglit side, that 
 her sable antagonist — perhaps not unwillingly — gave up the 
 track, which was taken bj the Southern lady, and kept, with 
 apparent ease, round the turn, until you come to that part of 
 the course which looks up towards the judges' stand. Here, at 
 a moment when all opinions had given Trifle the heat, as a 
 ' safe thing that could not be missed,' Maria ' went at her,' and, 
 before you could count one, she shot by Trifle like an arrow, 
 and won the heat with ease ; there being a considerable gap 
 between herself and Trifle, and a much greater one between 
 the latter and the hindmost horses. 
 
 " Here then was disappointment on all sides. Black Maria, 
 that was not ' to take a heat,' or who, at all events, had not/bo^ 
 enough to brush with the speedy little Trifle, had beat the field, 
 in the last quarter, in what she was not supposed to possess ; 
 namely, speed. Indeed, we think that the rider of Trifle com- 
 mitted a mistake in making his dash at Maria at the beffinnine: 
 of tlie fourth mile. As he had commenced a trailing race, his 
 obvious policy was to wait until he came to the last turn ; then 
 run up to his antagonist upon ground where he had a decided 
 advantage, from the size and form of his horse, and finally make 
 ' his run ' upon the straight side, coming in. Had he followed 
 this course in the first heat — as he did in the second — we miofht 
 possibly have had a different tale to tell ; for his little nag obeys 
 the spur well, and is a hard one to beat upon a brush. But, by 
 running at Maria on the northerly side of the course, he dis- 
 tressed his mare, enabled his antagonist to come round the turn 
 under a strong pull, and make a run at him at the very moment 
 when he was least prepared for it. The result has already been 
 shown. Time, first heat, 8.06. 
 
 " It may be here remarked, that in consequence of the rains, 
 which had prevailed for several days previous to the race, the 
 course, although good, was unusually heavy ; so much so, as to 
 make a difi'erence of several seconds, probably, in the time of a 
 four-mile heat. The top of the ground was not perfectly firm, 
 and, consequently, the foothold of the horses was yielding and 
 insecure. On a hard track, the time of each heat would have 
 been considerably reduced. 
 
240 THE HOKSE. 
 
 " ISrotwithstanding the unexpected success of Maria, she 
 seemed still to have but few real admirers ; although her owner 
 and his friends stood manfully by her, and kept their spirits up 
 to the betting point. Trifle was still the favorite, and it M^as a 
 settled thing, 'at all events,' that Maria was not to 'win the 
 money.' Lady Eelief, at this moment, had not attracted much 
 attention, except from one circumstance. Her saddle — which 
 was a very small one — slipped from under her rider, who, never- 
 theless — as his girths had not parted — stoutly kept his seat upon 
 lier Ijare hack — his feet in the stirrups, with the saddle before 
 him ! It was observed, however, that she ran with great spirit ; 
 and what she might do, the wise ones could not tell. 
 
 " At the start for the second heat Black Maria appeared 
 calm — as is usual with her — while Tritie and Lady Eelief were 
 all animation. They went off as if this heat was to be won by 
 running, instead of waiting, as in the first heat ; Eelief taking 
 the lead, followed by Slim, then by Tritie, while Black Maria 
 brought up the rear. Ere they had accomplished one mile, 
 however. Trifle had passed Eelief and Slim, while Black Maria, 
 taking advantage of the rising ground, as you come up to the 
 judges' stand, thundered by them all, with her long strides, and 
 took up her station in front, closely followed by Trifle, whilst 
 the others again dropped behind. Lideed, the pace at which 
 they were running seemed so unreasonable to Miss Slim, that 
 she concluded that she would not keep such company any 
 longer ; and, as she could not run away from them by pursuing , 
 her course upon the track, she very wisely abandoned it alto- 
 gether, at the end of the third — seventh — mile, and quietly 
 walked off the course. Maria, in the mean time, led Trifle, with 
 apparent ease, round the second, third, and fourth miles, until 
 yon come to the ' run in.' And here her rider, instead of giv- 
 ing her the ' persuaders,' to make ' assurance doubly sure,' 
 turned his head round to look for his antagonist ; and he was 
 not long in finding her ; for Trifle, close at his heels, went at 
 him up the straight side, whip and spur, gradually gaining at 
 every step. Maria's rider begins to ' look wild.' She is at her 
 throat-latch, and the judges' stand not six feet off. She makes 
 a desperate efibrt, and head and head they pass the stand — a 
 dead heat ! Time, 7.55. 
 
THE THIKD HEAT. 241 
 
 " Here, agcain, all were at fault. One party were crying out 
 to the rider of Maria, ' Why did you not stir yourself ! One 
 blow of the whip, before you came to the distance jDost, would 
 have won the race.' ' I had no whip, sir ; Maria won't bear it. 
 It discourages her. She must run under a pull, with the spur 
 as an admonisher.' Again a thousand rumors were afloat. 
 Trifle was as gay as a bird — in no way distressed. She had 
 ^j?osed the ' big 'un,' who looked, as imagination said, ' both sick 
 and sorry.' It was a 'safe thing,' and 'Black Maria can't 
 win — she's done up' — M^ent round like wild fire, from mouth to 
 mouth. 
 
 " In the mean lime. Lady Eelief was little thought of; but 
 a Jerseyman was heard to say, ' We'll show 'em some of the 
 Eclipse ^Z-MC^ yet, before we've done.' At the sounding of the 
 Trumpet for the third heat, Trifle and Eelief came up in great 
 spirits, while Black Maria seemed in no way ambitious of an- 
 other trial. But she's always cool ; and, as her mode of start- 
 ing is reluctant and slow, nothing can be safely argued from her 
 spirits. 
 
 " At the tap of the drum. Trifle and Relief went ofi" from 
 the score, leaving Maria some distance behind. In the course 
 of the first mile, however, she lessened the gap between herself 
 and the leading horses, and got well up to them. But it would 
 not do ; she could not pass. — ' "What horse is that leading there ? 
 Surely it can't be Lady Relief! It is, upon my soul ! The Jer- 
 sey mare's aliead I ' And, sure enough, so she was. The nag 
 that had attracted so little notice, as neither to be heard nor 
 cared for, had taken the lead upon the fourth mile ; and away 
 she ran, keeping the track in spite of them all, until you come 
 within the distance pole, on the last quarter's stretch. And 
 while she was leading, well ahead, from some unaccountable 
 circumstance the boy pulled her up at once, and Trifle shot by 
 and won the heat. Time, 8.13. 
 
 " Black Maria was ' well up ' during the whole race, but she 
 now fell into complete disfavor ; and ' she's done up ' — ' an even 
 bet she don't come again ' — went round the field with great con- 
 fidence. It is the writer's opinion, that Relief could have taken 
 the heat if she had been urged up to the judges' stand, and that 
 she ought to have won it. As it was, Trifle, who well deserved 
 Vol. I.— 16 
 
242 THE HOESE, 
 
 lier lienors and the admiration of her friends, had been vic- 
 torious. She had run twelve miles, winning the twelfth ; and 
 the little game creature appeared as fresh as ever. It was iiow 
 settled that she was to win the money ; although it might be 
 that Relief, who was fast rising in favor, might make her ' run 
 for it.' Indeed, the latter did not seem in full vigor until she 
 had run two heats ; and now her nostrils opened, and she pawed 
 the ground, as if just brought upon the course. 
 
 " They are saddled for the fourth heat ; and here is to be a 
 struggle until sixteen miles from the beginning are accom- 
 plished. Black Maria is in no way distressed, Relief full of 
 spirit, but ' Trifle's to win the money.' Off they go ; Relief 
 takes the lead, followed by Trifle, and then the black. Miles 
 are passed over, and yet Relief is ahead. — ' How is this ? can't 
 Trifle pass ? Is the Jersey mare ahead ? ' — She is, indeed ; and 
 ahead like to be. A better, truer, tougher, and more spirited 
 piece of stuff never came from the loins of old Eclipse. She 
 takes the track from the score. Trifle goes at her, but ' can't do 
 it.' — ^Three miles and a half are accomplished, and Black Maria 
 has passed Trifle, and is close at the heels of Jersey. ISTow they 
 come up the straight side. The black is at her, and Relief 
 takes the whip like a glutton. Maria comes up and laps her — 
 she's at her shoulder ; but they pass the stand, and Relief takes 
 the heat by a neck. Time, 8.39. 
 
 " ' Huzza for Jersey ! ' rings over the course ; and a look of 
 pity is cast upon the gallant little Trifle, who had done her 
 utmost — ' Black Maria won't come again,' says a wise one, with 
 a knowing look ' I don't know that,' says a Yorker. ' If she 
 had run twenty straight yards farther, she would have taken 
 the heat.' ' She is distressed,' is the reply. ' Distressed ! tnay 
 he she is. I saw her lay her ears back, and lash out with her 
 hind feet, after the boy dismounted from the sixteen miles, as 
 if her sinews were of whipcord.' 
 
 " Here was an interesting point, j^y^ heats, in all, were to be 
 run, and twenty miles to be passed over. ' The like was never 
 seen on this course before,' says a Long Islander. ' Bottom's 
 the word — how go the bets?' 'At a stand still. Trifle's dis- 
 tressed ; but Lady Relief has more life in her than any thing 
 that ever ran sixteen miles before.' 
 
THE FIFIW. HEAT 243 
 
 " Up they come for a fifth heat ; Kelief all fire, Trifle ve?^ 
 sorrj, and Black Maria now begins to paw the ground ! This 
 she had not done before. Off they go ; Relief ahead, Trifle 
 after her, and Black Maria allowing no gap. She sticks to them 
 like a spirit ; and in the nineteenth mile the gallant little Trifle 
 is reluctantly compelled to give it up. The Eclipse mares are 
 obstinately determined to 'play out the play,' and the little 
 chestnut is taken off the track, completely ' done up.' I^ow 
 comes a struggle, for the honors of a twentieth mile, between 
 two half sisters — whalebone both — and ' never give it up ' 's the 
 word. Black Maria pushes up the straight side, as you enter 
 upon the fourth — twentieth — mile, with a stride that counts ter- 
 ribly upon the steps of the Lady, who has relief now in nothing 
 but name. The black is so close upon her, that she almost 
 touches her heels. She pushes round the turn, and goes at her 
 on the straight side, like a quarter horse. They brush down 
 the straight side with invincible courage ; but that long untiring 
 stride is too much for Kelief. Maria gives her the go by, takes 
 the track — keeps it in spite of all exertions — leads round the 
 turn, and thunders up toward the judges' stand, hard in hand, 
 untouched by whij) or spur — passes the goal for the twentieth 
 time, and wins the race. Time, 8.47. 
 
 " Neither of the Eclipse mares appeared much distressed, 
 and they ran the last mile with the greatest spirit and stoutness. 
 Relief is a nag of the most extraordinary bottom. She seems 
 to become fresher after twelve miles, and then runs off as gay 
 as a lark. As for Black Maria, she is literally ' too fast for the 
 speedy, and too strong for the stout.' She ran the twentieth 
 mile with a freshness and vigor that surprised every body, and 
 the spectatoi-s at last actually conceded that she is ' game ! ' 
 That she can conquer either Relief or Trifle, at two heats, in a 
 match^ there can be no manner of doubt ; and that she is a 
 'hard one to beat' in any race, even by afield, all sportsmen 
 must now believe. She ran at her antagonists €V€7'y heat, and 
 at last let them know what it was to run for the honors of a 
 twentieth mile ! " 
 
 Of the three placed first in this memorable race. Black 
 Maria was the first to recover, though for months she was but 
 the shadow of herself. She came out in the following May 
 
244 THK HOKSE. 
 
 against a strong field, and won, while Trifle was crippled and 
 laid np until tlie September season of the ensuing year. Lady 
 Relief, as game a filly as ever started, and true as steel to the 
 last, died within a few weeks, from the eifects of a cold 
 and exhaustion. Who that was present that day, and marked 
 the meek expressive glance cast up towards the judges by one 
 of these doomed ones — Black Maria — when brought up to 
 struggle through a fifth heat, will ever forget it ? 
 
 1833. Same Course, Tuesday, May 28 — Jockey Club Purse, $400, conditions as before. Three 
 
 mile heats. 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 7 yrs. . .15 1 
 
 John M. Botts' b. c. Kolla, by Gohanna, out of Dairy Maid, 4 yrs 4 14 
 
 John C. Craig's b. ni. Virginia Taylor, by Sir Archy, out of Coquette, 6 yrs. . . .542 
 Jos. II. Van Mater's b. h. Jackson, by John Eichards, out of Honesty, 6 yrs. . . 2 2 8 
 
 Thos. Pearsall's gr. f. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 4 yrs. . . .38 dlst. 
 
 Time, 6.02—6.07—5.48. 
 
 A tip-top race, every inch being well contested ; Black 
 Maria's 5.48 in a third heat of three miles has not been equalled 
 before or since, to our knowledge ; her time is the more remark- 
 able, when the fact is considered that it was the old mare's first 
 appearance after her race of twenty miles the previous October. 
 Alice Gray, a filly of very fine speed, though unfortunate in 
 this race, subsequently placed herself near the head of the 
 !N^orthern Tui-f. She is now a magnificent brood mare, in the 
 possession of Walter Livingston, Esq., who has bred several 
 very blood-like looking colts from her that promise to "follow 
 in the footsteps " of their dam, when brought to the post. Eolla 
 has since been sold by Mr. Botts, if we mistake not, and has 
 been standing in Virginia for two or three years. 
 
 1833. Dutchess County Course, Poughkeepsie, N. T., Friday, June 7— Jockey Club Purse, $300, 
 
 conditions as before. Three-mile heats. 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 7 yrs. . , .11 
 Alfred Sherman's ch. h. De Witt Clinton, by Eattler, out of Matilda, 5 yrs. ... 22 
 
 E. Jackson's b. h. Henry Archy, by Henry, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs 3 dr 
 
 Time, 5.42—0.04. 
 
 The time of the first heat of this race would probably have 
 been several seconds less, had the field been able to drive 
 Maria ; as it stands, it is one of the very best in the annals of 
 the American Turf. After her race in May on the Island, 
 Maria was ordered by Mr. Stevens to be thrown out of training, 
 but Bill Patrick had her out after dark or before daylight, every 
 time opportunity afforded without danger of detection, and 
 
TKAINING ON THE ELY. 245 
 
 galloped her on the sandy road leading across the mouth of 
 Spring Creek, never venturing to bi'ing her out on the private 
 training track. During one of these nocturnal gallop ings, some 
 wag in the secret, frightened Bill half to death, one evening, 
 with the information that Mr. Stevens was coming down the road^ 
 so what does he do but whip down to the mill, and getting a 
 grist, actually carried it home on the mare's back ! This oc- 
 curred within less than a fortnight of the day of her race. To 
 prevent a walk-over at Ponghkeepsie, Mr. Stevens finally al- 
 lowed his trainer to put her in condition ; she had only a week's 
 galloping exercise, however, and was then brought to the post, 
 without having had any quick or long work, much less a trial. 
 She ran under so strong a pull throughout the heat, that those 
 who saw the race, including her owner and trainer, are firmly 
 of the opinion that on that day she could have made a better 
 race at four-mile heats, than she has ever done before or since. 
 The time of the third mile in the second heat was 1.50. Three 
 miles at that rate would have surpassed any performance we 
 know of ; and we can scarce doubt from this and various other 
 proofs of Black Maria's powers of endurance, that she might, 
 on this occasion, have kept up the rate of her first heat — 1.54 — 
 one other mile, making the four in T.36. 
 
 Henry Archy, her competitor in this race, has been " making 
 himself generally useful" for the last few years, in Dlinois, 
 standing for mares in the spring, and running in the fall ; he 
 never had a great turn of speed, or he would have been distin- 
 guished, for a horse of more undoubted stamina and thorough 
 game was never brought to the post. 
 
 1833. Union Course, L. I., Friday, Oct. 5 — Jockey Club Purse, $500, conditions as before. Four- 
 mile heats. 
 
 Thos. Pearsall's gr. f. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 4 yrs 11 
 
 Jolm C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Ligbtfoot, 7 yrs. ... 22 
 
 Jos. H. Van Mater's b. h. Jackson, by Jobn Eichards, out of Honesty, 6 yrs dist. 
 
 Time, 7.56—7.50. 
 
 In this fine race the " gray mare proved herself the better 
 horse," though Black Maria beat her before, and twice after- 
 wards. It was " turn about and turn about " with the two, for 
 in four races they were quits, each having twice proved the 
 winner. Mr. Van Mater, some time after this race, sold Jack- 
 
246 THE HOKSE. 
 
 son — who was amiss on this occasion — to go South, and farther, 
 of him, dejDonent saith not. 
 
 183-3. Same course, Friday, Oct. 31 — Jockey Club Purse, $S00, conditions as before. Four-mile beats. 
 
 Col. Wm. E. Johnson's ch. m. Trifle, by Sir Charles, dam by Cicero, 5 yrs 11 
 
 Walter Livingston's gr. f. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sporfs-mistress, 4 yrs. ... 22 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 7 yrs. . . . dist. 
 
 Bela Badger's b. c. Priam, by John Eichards, 4 yrs dist. 
 
 Time, 7.49— T.56. 
 
 The reputation of the three mares entered in this race, ex- 
 cited a great sensation in sporting circles, and immense sums 
 were laid out about them. Kelying upon the tried game of 
 Black Maria, Mr. Stevens ordered Gil. Crane, his jockey, not to 
 make a stroke for the first heat, but to drop just within tlie dis- 
 tance. Trifle and Alice made play from the score, and main- 
 tained it to the end ; in coming up the straight side home on 
 the last quarter. Crane carelessly pulled Maria back so far, that 
 she was shut out by the distance flag eighteen inches. He was 
 taken off the mare, and discharged on the spot. In the great 
 Twenty-Mile race, the dead heat made by Trifle was thought 
 to be entirely owing to his heedlessness. 
 
 1834. Same course, Friday, May 9— Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Fonr- 
 mile heats. 
 
 Capt. E. F. Stockton's bl. c. Shark, own brother to Black Maria, 4 yrs Oil 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, S yrs. . . 3 2 2 
 Maj. James M. Sclden's b. c. Charles Kemble, by Sir Archy, dam by Gallatin, 4 yrs. .14 4 
 Walter Livingston's gr. m. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 5 yrs. . . 2 3 3 
 Samuel Laird's b. h. Henry Archy, by Henry, dam by Eclipse, 6 yrs. . . . .455 
 
 John M. Botts' b. h. EoUa, by Gohanna, out of Dairymaid, 5 yrs 5 * 
 
 Time, 7.54— 7.5T— 8.03. * Broke down. 
 
 A stoutly contested and spirited race. The winner was sold 
 soon after, for the largest sum ever then paid in this country for 
 a race-horse, being $17,500. Some odd dozen of the celebrated 
 " Bingham " wine was also talked of, but Mr. Craig would not 
 sell. Failing to get hold of a few dozen in this way, Capt. 
 Stockton, at the Club Dinner, shortly after, offered to run his 
 colt Monmouth against Mr. Craig's Fanny Cline, a match of 
 two miles, laying $1,200 vs. 12 dozen of the Bingham. This, 
 too, was a failure, and in a double sense, for though Fanny won 
 the match and the $1,200, Mr. Craig, upon examination, found 
 that his vault had been entered, and that a great part of his 
 stock of favorite wine was missing ! Shark was withdrawn 
 from the turf after the Fall season of 1835, and made his first 
 
MARIA AND AXICE GRAY. 24:T 
 
 two seasons as a stallion at Taylor's Ferry, Ya., at $75 ; in 1838 
 he stood at Charlotte Court House, in the same State, but is now- 
 located on Long Island, in view of the scene of the never-fading 
 victories won by himself and the glorious race from which he 
 sprung. He is still the property of the heirs of the late la- 
 mented John C. Craig, Esq., of Philadelphia. 
 
 Charles Kemble, the winner of the first heat in this race, 
 after running at all distances, and beating some of the best 
 horses of his day, is now enjoying his otium cum dignitale j he 
 stands the present season at Chester-town, Md. 
 
 1834 Same course, Thursday, June 5 — Jockey Club Purse, $400, conditions as before. Three- 
 mile heats. 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. ra. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. . . .11 
 
 Samuel Laird"s b. h. Henry Archy, by Honry, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs 8 2 
 
 Col. Wm. E. Johnson's b. f. Fanny Cline, by Sir Archy, dam by Gallatin, 4 yi's. . . .28 
 
 Time, 6.03-6.11. 
 
 Owing to previous wet weather the track was very heavy. 
 Black Maria was the favorite at odds, and won handily. 
 
 1834. Same course, Wednesday, Oct. 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Fonr- 
 
 mile heats. 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. . .211 
 
 Walter Livingston's gr. m. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 5 yrs. . . 12 2 
 
 Capt. E. F. Stockton's b. c. Monmouth, by John Eichards, out of Nettletop, 4 yrs. . . 3 dist. 
 
 Time, T.52— 7.55— 8.03. 
 
 Alice was the favorite, and at very long odds, after the first 
 heat. Black Maria running unkindly ; she let out a kink, how- 
 ever, in the second and third, and won both cleverly. Mon- 
 mouth, the following season, won two races at three-mile heats ; 
 in 1836, with 121 lbs. on his back, he won a race at two-mile 
 heats in 3.45 — 3.49, and another in 3.56 — 3.48. He soon after 
 passed into the hands of Capt. Y. N. Oliver, of the Eclipse 
 Course, New Orleans, and was so knocked up by his long jour- 
 ney South, as never to have shown to advantage, though a horse 
 of very fine speed. He is now standing at Basin Spring, Breck- 
 enridge County, Ya. 
 
 1834. Same course, Friday, Oct 31— Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Four-mile 
 
 heats. 
 Walter Livingston's gr. m. Alice Gray, by Henry, out of Sport's-mistress, 5 yrs. . . .11 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. ... 2 2 
 Time, 7.59—8.12. 
 
 It was the gray mare's " turn " to win this time, which she 
 
248 THE HOESE. 
 
 did with ease ; three weeks before Maria beat her as handily in 
 much better time. 
 
 1834. Eagle Course, Trenton, N. J., Thursday, Nov. IS— Purse, $300, free for all ages ; weights the 
 same as on the Union Course. Three-mile heats. 
 
 Maj. Jas. M. Selden's h. c. Charles Kemble, by Sir Archy, out of Pilot's dam by Gallatin, 
 
 4 yrs 11 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 8 yrs. ... 22 
 
 Time, 5.50i— 5.51J. 
 
 Kemble won liandily ; he was considered the best three-mile 
 liorse in "Virginia of his day. It should be remembered that 
 Black Maria beat him a long way oif, running four-xmXo, heats 
 in the spring of this year. 
 
 1835. Union Course, L. I., Friday, May 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $1000, conditions as before. Four- 
 mile heats. 
 
 Samuel Laird's b. h. Henry Archy, by Henry, dam by Eclipse, 6 yrs 8 11 
 
 John C. Stevens' bl. m. Black Maria, by Eclipse, out of Lady Lightfoot, 9 yrs. . . 2 3 2 
 Capt. E. E. Stockton's b. h. Monmouth, by John Richards, out of Nettletop, 5 yrs. . .12 3 
 Joseph Alston's b. h. Daniel O'Connell, by John Eichards, dam by Eclipse, 5 yrs. . 4 dist 
 
 Wm. Gibbon's b. h. Milo, by Mons. Tonson, out of Meg Dods, 5 yrs dist. 
 
 Time, 7.55—8.00—8.15. 
 
 After distancing Monmouth and beating Henry Archy three 
 times in their j^rime, they took advantage of her want of con- 
 dition, and paid off a portion of their old scores. O'Connell 
 soon after passed into the hands of Mr. P. C. Bush of St. Louis, 
 Mo., who ran him successfully in the West at all distances. 
 Milo, who was a much better horse than his performance on this 
 occasion "made him out," suddenly died in the fall of 1837, on 
 his way to the Long Island races. 
 
 This was the last performance in public of Black Maria, who 
 was now withdrawn from the turf and sent to Gohanna then 
 standing on Long Island. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 1. 1823. Oct. 3— Union Course, L. I Match 2 mile heats won $5000 
 
 2. . Oct. 8— Union Course, L. I Purse 3 mile heats won 400 
 
 8. 1830. May 10 — Union Course, L. I Sweepstakes. 4 mile heats lost 
 
 4. . May 19— Dutchess County Course, N.Y. Purse 3 mile heats lost 
 
 5. . Get. 7 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats won.... 500 
 
 6. . Oct. 27 — Dutchess County Course, N.Y. Purse 4 mile heats. .. . won.... 500 
 
 7.1831. May 12— Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats lost 
 
 8. . May 26 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats won.... 500 
 
 9. . Oct. 6 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats lost 
 
 10. . Oct. 26 — Central Course, Md Poststake.... 4 mile heats won.... 4500 
 
 11. . Oct. 29 — Central Course, Md Purse 4 mile heats. ... lost 
 
 12. 1832. May 17 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 4 mile heats won ... 500 
 
 13. . May 23— Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats lost 
 
 14. . Oct. 4 — Dutchess County Course, N.T. Purse 3 mile heats won 300 
 
. won . . . 
 
 . $600 
 
 . won. . . 
 
 . 400 
 
 . won . . . 
 
 . 800 
 
 . lost... 
 
 
 . lost.... 
 
 
 . lost... 
 
 
 . won . . . 
 
 . 400 
 
 . won... 
 
 . 1000 
 
 . lost... 
 
 
 . lost... 
 
 
 . lost-... 
 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 249 
 
 15. . Oct 13— Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats . . . 
 
 16. 1S33. May 23— Union Course, L. I Purse 3 mile heats. .. 
 
 17. . June T — Dutchess County Course, iST. Y. Purse 3 mile heats . . . 
 
 IS. . Oct 5— Union Course. L. I Turso 4 mile he:its . . . 
 
 19. . Oct. 31 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heuts. . . 
 
 20. 1S34. May 9 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats . . . 
 
 21. .June 5 — Union Course, L. I Purse 3 mile heats. .. 
 
 23. . Oct. 5 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heuts- - - 
 
 23. . Oct 31 — Union Course, L. I Purse 4 mile heats- - - 
 
 24. . Not. 13 — Eagle Course, N. J Purse 3 mile heats. - . 
 
 25. 1835. May 8 — Union Course, L. I.. . . Purse 4 mile heats- - . 
 
 Starting twenty-five times, and winning in thirteen races, — eleven of them Jockey Club 
 
 Paces, at three and four-mile heats, — the handsome sum of $14,900 
 
 Seventeen four-mile races, and forty-two heats of four miles — making 16S miles. 
 
 The above recapitulation of her performances fully justifies, 
 we think, the high opinion we have expressed in the course of 
 our article, of Black Maria's surpassing speed, and wonderful 
 powers of endurance. In summing up the large amount she 
 won, and comparing it with the winnings of hrst-raters of a 
 more recent date, it should be recollected, that while she was on 
 the Turf, the Club Purses were but of about half the value of 
 those given at the present day. Trifle, a nonpareil, and the 
 most successful racer of her day, won but $14,380 ; Post Boy, a 
 " crack " of later date, for a time at the head of the Northern 
 Turf, and a very capital performer, won only $12,Y00, while 
 Mingo, the phenomenon, who ran well at all distances, and won 
 for himself the proud title of the " Champion of the ISTorth," 
 won but $15,250 ; Mingo's winnings, however, were mostly in 
 purses. By setting down the purses won by Black Maria at the 
 respective sums now offered for three and four-mile heats, she 
 would have left the Turf a \vinner of Eighteen Thousand Five 
 Hundred Dollars ! 
 
 Black Maria, like Post Boy, was " hammered to death '' in 
 training, and came to the j)ost quite as often amiss as in condi- 
 tion. When "fit," she was too fleet for the fast, and too stoufc 
 for the strong ; another reason for her frequent defeats, was owing 
 to the management of her high-spirited owner, of whom it is no- 
 torious that he never pays forfeit — never allows a walk over, 
 if a horse in his stable can stand on three legs, and is the 
 man always called upon to make up a field or a stake, and 
 always certain to do it without consulting his interest or his 
 trainer. In the hands of a gentleman less regardless of the 
 gratification of the public, and more alive to his own interests, 
 
250 THE nORSE. 
 
 it is very doubtful wlietlier Black Maria would not liave run on 
 to the age of her grand-dam, and with equal credit. 
 
 In 1836 she produced a bay colt by Gohanna, which Mr. 
 Stevens appropriately named Terrific, from its immense size. 
 It is a colt of great promise, combining the best racing j)oints 
 of both sire and dam — at six; weeks old Mr. Stevens refused 
 $1,500 for it. It makes one of the "string" Mr. Stevens sent 
 to New Orleans last January, in Van Leer's charge. 
 
 On the 6th of March last, Mr. Stevens shipped Black Maria 
 to New Orleans, per the " Nashville," in company with Cora, 
 Clara Howard, African, Bonny Black, and Ethiopia. The lot 
 arrived there on the 29th of that month, and when landed on 
 the levee, the fine old mare excited great admiration by her 
 blood-like appearance. None were sold here but Black Maria ; 
 the three last named were subsequently taken to St. Louis, Mo., 
 where Van Leer sold them for $5,000, to Messrs. Shacklett, 
 Sloan & Overton ; they came out at the Fall Meetings at St. 
 Louis, and were all winners, carrying off the purses for three 
 and four- mile heats. Cora and Clara Howard were sent to 
 Alabama, the first to be stinted to imp. Glencoe, and the last to 
 imp. Leviathan, where they remain, still owned by Mr. Stevens. 
 
 Black Maria, while at New Orleans, was purchased by the 
 Hon. Balie Peyton, in company with his friends, Dr. J. G. 
 Chalmers, of that city, and J. S. Yeager, Esq., of Yicksburg, 
 Miss., for $4,000, a sum much below her value ; not above a 
 year previous, an offer of $5,500, made for her, through us, was 
 refused. Mr, Peyton sent her at once to imp. Luzborough, and 
 at the same time jDroposed a Produce Stake for colts and fillies 
 dropped Spring of 1839, to come off over the Nashville 
 ■ — Tenn. — Course, during the Fall Meeting of the Jockey Club 
 in 1843, with a subscrij)tion of $5,000 each, $1,000 forfeit, four- 
 mile heats. Black Maria's produce headed the list of nomi- 
 nations, and when the stake closed in January last, there were 
 twenty -nine subscribers, making the stake amount to the enor- 
 mous sum of One Hundred and Forty-Five Thousand Dol- 
 lars ! No stake at all comparable with this, has ever been 
 made np in this country or Europe, so far as the amount of 
 money is concerned, and twenty-nine better mares cannot be 
 Belected, in England or America. 
 
THE PEDIGEEES, 
 
 PERFORMANCES, AND CHARACTERISTICS 
 
 OP 
 
 WAGNER AND GEEY EAGLE. 
 
 At no time, probably, since the commencement of horse-racing 
 in America, has the Turf stood higher, or been more ably repre- 
 sented, than in the year 1839. 
 
 In that year Boston, probably the best race-horse that ever 
 ran on an American track, was in his prime, and almost, one 
 might say, unbeaten ; for having started twenty-five times, and 
 received forfeit twice, he had suffered but two defeats, one, in his 
 very first race, having bolted while running on the lead and 
 looking like a winner ; the other, in a race of two-mile heats at 
 Petersburgh, Virginia, in which he was outfooted by Ports- 
 mouth. 
 
 In that year ran "Wagner, Gano, Treasurer, Clarion, Balie 
 Peyton, Portsmouth, Decatur, and Grey Eagle ; and the mares 
 Omega, Andrewetta, Sarah Bladen, and others scarcely inferior 
 in renown. 
 
 The crack mare Fashion, in her two-year-old form, had not 
 come upon the scene of her triumphs, and the day Avhen the 
 matchless Boston should find his match was not yet, even in 
 anticipation. 
 
 Not one of the animals named above, but was a real race- 
 horse, a good one and no mistake, though difiering in excellence 
 the one from the other. 
 
 All had their sanguine friends and backers, and more than 
 one was believed by his own especial partisans to be invincible. 
 
252 THE HOESE. 
 
 Of none is this more true than of the two galhant animals, 
 whose names are prefixed, and whose grandest exj^loit I am 
 about to borrow from the Turf Eegister of 1840, for which it 
 was incomparably reported by my friend Wm. T. Porter. 
 
 Wao-ner in his five-year-old form, was already a tried horse, 
 of proved speed, courage, and bottom, a distinguished winner, 
 and even, in the high-flown aspirations of his owner, capable 
 to compete with Boston. He was, at least the equal of any 
 other horse in America of his day ; and not long afterward, a 
 distinguished writer was found in the columns of the Spirit of 
 the Times to maintain that, up to this period, the great son of 
 Timoleon had displayed no manifest superiority over him. 
 
 He had been in training continually since his third year ; in 
 1838, he had won three races of four-mile heats, and tw^o of 
 two-mile heats, beating Extio at New Orleans in 7.44-7.57 — 
 considered in those days all but the very best time. 
 
 He was a beautiful chestnut horse of fifteen and a half hands, 
 with a white blaze on his face, and two white hind feet. He 
 was got by Sir Charles — he by Sir Archy, dam by imp. Citizen, 
 gd.by Commutation, g. gd. by imp. Daredevil, g. g. gd. by imp. 
 Shark, g. g. g. gd. by imp. Fearnought — out of Maria "West by 
 Marion, her dam Ella Crump, by imp. Citizen, gd. by Hunts- 
 man, g. gd. by Wildair, g. g. gd. by Fearnought, g. g. g. gd. 
 by Janus, &c. 
 
 Marion was by Sir Archy, dam by Citizen, gd. by Alder- 
 man, g. gd. by Eoebuck out of a Herod mare. 
 
 Grey Eagle was in his fourth year, a magnificent horse nearly 
 sixteen hands in height, said to be of almost perfect symmetry, 
 although scarcely equal in his quarters to his forehand, which 
 is described as sumptuous. His color, as his name indicates, 
 was a fine silvery gray. 
 
 In his three-year-old form he had won two races of two-mile 
 heats, in 3.41 — 3.43 — 3.48 — and 3.44 respectively, and was 
 honestly believed by his owner, and by Kentuckian sportsmen 
 in general, to be equal to any thing in America, both for speed 
 and bottom; although, in truth, this opinion must be regarded 
 rather as surmise than as judgment, since his powers had not 
 yet been sufficiently tested to justify such boundless confidence. 
 
PEDIGREE OF GKEY EAGLE. 253 
 
 It is but fair to add, that liis running, in the wonderful races 
 which are to be described, was such as to prove that tliis confi- 
 dence was not misplaced — was such, indeed, as to render it 
 probable that, had he been ridden by a jockey competent to 
 make the most of his powers, he might have been the winner in 
 the first match — in which case he probably would not have been 
 lost to the turf, by the rasli, and, as I must consider it, cruel 
 trial, of running a second four-mile race of scarcely paralleled 
 severity, within five days. 
 
 Grey Eagle was got by Woodpecker — by Bertrand, dam by 
 imp. Buzzard; 2d dam, the Fawn, by Craig's Alfred; 3d dam, 
 Shepherdess, by Wormsley's King Ilerod ; 4th dam, by More- 
 ton's imp. Traveller; 5th dam, by imp. Whittington — out of 
 Ophelia by Wild Medley, dam by Sir Archy ; 2d dam. Lady 
 Chesterfield, by imp. Diomed ; 3d dam, Lady Bolingbrooke, by 
 imp. Pantaloon ; -ith dam. Cades, by Wormsley's King Herod ; 
 5th dam, Primrose, by imp. Dove; 6th dam, Stella, by Othello; 
 7tli dam, imp. mare, Selima, 
 
 Wild Medley, by Meudosa (called " Bruiser ") ; dam by imp. 
 Pensacola, &c., &e. 
 
 The description which here ensues has been considered, by 
 competent judges, to be the finest specimen of turf-writing in 
 the English language, and if the laudari a laudato be fame in 
 literary matters, we know no one who has derived more from a 
 single essay than the writer of the narrative annexed. 
 
 WAGNER AND GREY EAGLE'S RACES. 
 
 The editor of this magazine had the pleasure of attending the 
 last meeting of the Louisville Jockey Club, and witnessing the 
 two splendid races between Wagner and Grey Eagle. Those 
 who have noticed the spirit with which every thing connected 
 with breeding and racing is carried on at present, in Kentucky, 
 will hardly be surprised to hear that the late meeting has never 
 been equalled in the excellence of the sport, or in the number 
 and character of the visitors. Turfmen and other distinguished 
 strangers from the neighboring States mustered in great force ; 
 
254: THE HORSE. 
 
 while the Kentuckians themselves turned out in such numbers, 
 that the hotels and lodging houses literally overflowed. A week 
 of 11^ ore delightful weather we have rarely known. The fields 
 were large every day ; the horses ran well ; " all the world and 
 his wife " were on the course ; the pressure was forgotten, and 
 all appeared to enjoy themselves without stint or measure. 
 
 In addition to the brilliant report of " IST. of Arkansas " in the 
 Spirit of the Times, the editor, since his return, has given his 
 impressions of the meeting, in the columns of that paper. Many 
 readers of this magazine have expressed a desire that we should 
 also give them a report of the two great races. 
 
 In compliance with the general desire of these, we proceed 
 to give our own impressions of the two races, Avhich have con- 
 tributed in an eminent degree to give Wagner and Grey Eagle 
 the high and enduring reputation they now enjoy. The races 
 during the week were characterized by good fields, strong run- 
 ning, fine weather, and an attendance unparalleled in numbers 
 and respectability. The Oakland Course was in the finest jdos- 
 sible order, the stewards were in uniform and well mounted, 
 and the arrangements of the proprietor, Col. Oliver, and of the 
 club, for the gratification and convenience of their guests, were 
 not only in good taste, but complete in all respects. 
 
 "We have not room to speak in this place of a variety of in- 
 teresting circumstances connected with the meeting, but shall 
 be pardoned for alluding to the unusual number of distin- 
 guished individuals present, and the blaze of beauty reflected 
 from the Ladies' Pavilion, on the occasion of the first race be- 
 tween the champions of Louisiana and Kentucky. The number 
 of ladies in attendance was estimated at eight hundred, while 
 nearly two thousand horsemen were assembled on the field. 
 The stands, the fences, the trees, the tops of carriages, and every 
 eminence overlooking the course, were crowded ; probably not 
 less than ten thousand persons composed the assemblage, com- 
 prising not only several distinguished Senators, and nearly the 
 entire Kentucky delegation in Congress, with their families, but 
 all the elite of the beauty and fashion of the State. 
 
 Among the earliest on the ground were the Hon. Judge 
 Porter, of Louisiana, the distinguished ex-Senator, and Mr. Clay. 
 His colleague in the Senate, Mr. Crittenden, soon followed, with 
 
THE OAKLAND MEETING. 255 
 
 Gen. Atkinson, Major Stewart, and Capt. Alexander, of the 
 army, Judge Woollej, Gov. Poindexter, Judge Rowan, the 
 Hon. Messrs. Menifee, Allan, Letcher, Hardin, Graves, Hawes, 
 etc. Among the guests of the Club, well known to the sporting 
 world, we noticed J. S. Skinner, Esq., of Baltimore, W. M. 
 Anderson, Esq., of Ohio, Col. C. F. M. Noland, of Arkansas, the 
 Messrs. Kenner, Mr. Slidell, Mr. Parker, and Mr. Beasley, of 
 Louisiana, Mr. McCargo, Mr. Beasley, and Capt. Bacon of Vir- 
 ginia, Mr. Geo. Cheatham, of Tenn., Maj. Fleming, of Alabama, 
 and a great number more whose names have escaped us. 
 
 Good breeding forbids an enumeration of the distinguished 
 throng of belles. The young miss just from the trammels of 
 school, flush with joy and fears, the budding, blooming girl of 
 sweet sixteen, the more stately and elegant full-blown woman, 
 the dark-eyed Southerner, witli her brown complexion and 
 matchless form, the blue-eyed iS^ortherner with her dimpled 
 cheek and fair and spotless beauty, were gathered here in one 
 lustrous galaxy. The gentlemen were unmatched for variety ; 
 the Bar, the Bench, the Senate, and the Press, the Army and 
 the IN^avy, and all the et ceteras that pleasure or curiosity 
 attracted, were here represented. 
 
 We are very much tempted to essay to describe a few of 
 these radiant belles — had kind Heaven made us a poet, like 
 Prentice, we would immortalize them ; as we are only a proser, 
 we can merely detail them. If any demand by what right we 
 allude so pointedly to them, surely we may ask what right they 
 have to be so beautiful? There was one with a form of perfect 
 symmetry, and a countenance not only beautiful, but entirely 
 intellectual ; like Halleck's Fanny, she may have been " younger 
 once than she is now," but she is, and will ever be, " a thing to 
 bless — all full of life and loveliness." With a purely Grecian 
 bust and classic head, and with an eye as dark as the absence 
 of all light, beaming with a lustre that eclipses all, her figure 
 varied itself into every grace that can belong either to rest oi 
 motion. And there was a reigning belle, in the spring-time of 
 her youth and beauty, with a face beaming with perfect happi- 
 ness ; it was like a " star-lit lake curling its lips into ripples in 
 some stream of delight, as the west-wind salutes them with its 
 balmy breath, and disturbs their placid slumber." It was the 
 
256 THE HORSE. 
 
 realization of Byron's idea of " music breathing o'er the face." 
 There comes a bride — and from the East. too. A peep at her 
 face, ahnost hid by clustering braids of raven hair, displays a 
 belle of an Atlantic city, and ere we have time to ask her name, 
 a lovely blonde sweeps by in a gay mantilla, changeable as the 
 hues of evening, with a hat whiter than the wing of a dove, 
 and a face faultless as ISTesera. It would puzzle a Sphinx to 
 divine the cause of her radiant smile. Walks she fancy free ? 
 Has Cupid's bolt passed her innocuous ? In the centre of the 
 Pavilion stand two rival belles, of a style of beauty so varied as 
 to attract marked attention. The face and figure of one is 
 rounded to the complete fulness of the mould for a Juno ; while 
 the other, with the form of a sylpli, and the eyes of an angel, 
 is the impersonation of delicacy and loveliness. And there 
 is a lady from the northernmost extremity of the Republic, 
 nearly allied to the Patrick Henry of the Southwest, with eyes 
 of the sweetest and most tranquil blue " that ever reflected the 
 serene heaven of a happy hearth — eyes to love, not wonder at — 
 to adore and rely upon, not admire and tremble for." And then 
 there was that beautiful belle from Scott County, and that bril- 
 liant wit from Lexington ; here, the pearl wreath strove to rival 
 the fairer brow — the ruby, a rubier lip — the diamond, a brighter 
 eye ; there, the cornelian borrowed from the damask cheek a 
 deeper hue ; the gossamer floated round a lighter form — the 
 light plume nodded over a lighter heart. 
 
 But what grace cm flowers or sweeping jjlumes confer when 
 the rich smile of beauty is parting her vermilion lips, and the 
 breath of the morning, added to the excitement of the occasion, 
 have given a ripeness to her cheeks, and a fire to her eye, which, 
 to our bachelor taste, would be worth a pilgrimage to Mecca to 
 enjoy, as we did at tliat moment. Who can fail to detect the 
 graceful being on our left, in a Parisian hat, lined with violets, 
 whose soft liquid eye, and raven braids render her the fairest 
 gem in tlie brilliant cluster of Western beauties ? The flashing 
 eyes of a dark-browed matron from Missouri are roving restlessly 
 over the nodding sea of heads beneath ; and the pensive smile 
 of a fair lily, just liome from school, has become absolutely 
 radiant as she shakes back, from her open ])row, a flood of glis- 
 tening ringlets, and gazes down upon the multitude with the 
 
THE NOMINATIONS. 257 
 
 innocent gaze of a young-eyed seraph. But how shall our pen 
 do homage to the daughters of Old Kentuck, whose striking Di 
 V^ernon beauty, with their dark lustrous eyes and sable tresses, 
 is only rivalled by the high culture bestowed upon their minds, 
 and the attraction of those feminine accomplishments which 
 '' gild refined gold," and render them among the loveliest and 
 most fascinatino; women within the circuit of the sun ? The 
 waters of Lethe must flow deep over our souls, to banish the 
 memory of the bouquets and gloves we lost and won upon that 
 day ! The evening festivities that followed — the brilliant dance, 
 the plaintive song that " lapt us in Elysium," — and she, too, the 
 fairy masquerader, in the Suliote cap and bodice, lives she not 
 last, as well as first, in our remembrance ? 
 
 But our pages forbid a longer retrospection. Tlie hospitalities 
 and courtesies of the "West, joined to the smile of her beauteous 
 women, are indelibly impressed upon our hearts, and shall be 
 freshly remembered when we pledge our warmest friends in the 
 generous wine-cup. 
 
 Tlie occasion of this brilliant assembly was the stake for all 
 ages, four-mile heats, which closed on the 1st of January, 1839, 
 with ten subscribers at $2,000 each, half forfeit, as follows ; — 
 
 1 — T. N. Oliver & Miles W. Dickey, of Kentucky, named gr. c. Grey Eagle, by Woodpecker, out 
 
 of Ophelia, by Wild Medley, 4 yrs. — Dress, Eed, Blue, and Orange. 
 2 — Wm. T. Ward, of Kentucky, named b. m. Mary Vaughan, by Waxy, out of Betty Bluster, 
 
 by imp. Bluster, 5 yrs.— Dress, Blue and White. 
 8— Willa Viley, of Kentucky, named ch. t Queen Mary, by Bertrand, dam by Brimmer, 4 yrs. — 
 
 Dress, White and Green. 
 4 — Geo. N. Sanders & Lewis Sanders, Jr., of Kentucky, named b. c. Occident, by Bertrand, out 
 
 of Diamond, by Turpin's Florizel, 4 yrs.— Dress, White. 
 5— Sidney Burbridge, of Kentucky, named b. c. Tarlton, by Woodpecker, dam by Ilobin Gray, 
 
 5 yrs. — Dress, not declared. 
 6— Jas. L. Bradley & H. B. Steel, of Kentucky, named ch. c. ITawTc-Eye, by Sir Lovell, out of 
 
 Pressure's dam, by Jenkins' Sir William, 4 yrs. — Dress, Orange and Black. 
 '^— Archie Cheatham, of Virginia, named b. h. Billy Townes, by Imp. Fylde, dam by Virginian, 
 
 5 yrs.— Dress, Purple and Eed. 
 8— Jas. S. Garrison, of Louisiana, named ch. h. Wagner, by Sir Charles, out of Maria West, by 
 
 Marion, 5 yrs.— Dress, Red and Eed. 
 9— Wm. Wynn, of Virginia, named b. c. Ficton, by Imp. Luzborough, out of Isabella, by Sir 
 
 Archy, 5 yrs.— Dress, not declared. 
 >0— Wm. Buford, Jr., of Kentucky, named ch. f. Musidora, by Medoc, dam by Kosciusko, 4 yrs.— 
 
 Dress, not declared. 
 
 The race came off on Monday, the 30th of September. Of 
 the ten nominations, four only came to the post — Wagner, Grey 
 Eagle, Queen Mary, and Hawk-Eye. Of the other six, Tarlton 
 Vol. I.— 17 
 
258 THE HOKSE. 
 
 and Musidora liad given way in training ; Picton was in Ten- 
 nessee, and complaining; Occident's trials would not justify his 
 starting ; Billy Townes and Mary Yaughan were on the ground, 
 but not up to the mark in condition. From the day the stake 
 closed, the betting had been going on with spirit in different 
 sections of the country, increasing daily in amount as the race 
 drew nigh. From the first Wagner was decidedly the favorite ; 
 and when it became reduced almost to a certainty tliat not 
 above six would start, the betting was about 50 to 75 on him vs. 
 the field. For many months previous to the race, and before it 
 was known how many would start, odds were offered, from New 
 York to New Orleans, on "VVagner and Billy Townes against the 
 field. Immense sums were laid out at odds, in Kentucky, on 
 Grey Eagle's winning the first heat, and in many instances he 
 was backed against Wagner for the race. In consequence of 
 the unlimited confidence felt by the Kentuckians in the "■ foot " 
 of Grey Eagle, it was resolved by the Wagner party not to run 
 for the first heat, unless circumstances should occur which might 
 render it an easy thing for their horse. But the day before the 
 race, a commission from New Orleans was received, offering a 
 large sum on Wagner's beating the gray the first heat, which 
 induced them to change this determination ; indeed, the induce- 
 ment to run for it was a pretty substantial one, for they could 
 lose nothing, and might win several thousands — we do not feel 
 at liberty to say how many, or who were the parties ; it is enough 
 that they were keen, and also successful. Two days before the 
 race, Mr. McCargo gave Billy Townes a trial with Missouri and 
 Texana, and though the result was entirely satisfactory, so far 
 as his action was concerned, he soon after cramped to such a 
 degree that it was at once declared that he would not be started. 
 Mary Yaughan, we believe, was plated for the race, but not 
 being quite up to the mark, she also paid forfeit. On the morn- 
 ing of the race, it being understood pretty thoroughly that 
 Wagner, Grey Eagle, Queen Mary, and Hawk-Eye only would 
 start, out of the ten nominations, "business" commenced in 
 earnest, Wagner being freely offered against the field, and as 
 freely taken, while Grey Eagle was backed at small odds for the 
 first heat. 
 
 The " caU " for the horses was sounded at a quarter to one 
 
THE HOKSES. 259 
 
 o'clock, and soon after all eyes were directed toward a motley 
 group approaching from Mr. Garrison's stable : " with stately 
 step and slow," the proud champion of Louisiana made his 
 appearance. He was directly stripped, and a finer exhibition 
 of the perfection to which the trainer's art can be carried, we 
 have rarely seen. His coat and eye were alike brilliant. 
 Wagner is a light gold chestnut, with a roan stripe on the right 
 side of his face, and white hind feet — about fifteen hands and a 
 half high. His head is singularly small, clean, and bony, set on 
 a light but rather long neck ; forehanded, he resembles the pic- 
 tures of his sire, and in his carriage is said to resemble him. 
 His shoulder is immensely strong, running very well back into a 
 good middle piece, which is well ribbed home. One of the finest 
 points about him is his great depth of chest ; few horses can 
 measure with him from the point of the shoulder to the brisket. 
 His arms are heavily muscled like Mingo's, with the tendons 
 standing out in bold relief. He has uncommonly strong and 
 wide hips, a good loin, remarkably fine stifles and thighs, with 
 as fine hocks and legs as ever stood under a horse. Wagner has 
 been in training ever since his 3 yr. old, and has travelled over 
 thi'ee thousand miles, without three weeks' rest this season ! Mr. 
 Garrison commencing galloping him just four weeks previous 
 to this race ; he had not even been turned loose in a paddock. 
 
 A murmur, which was soon lost in a suppressed cheer at the 
 head of the quarter stretch, announced to the multitude about 
 the stand the approach of Gj^ey Eagle ', as he came up in front 
 of the stand, his lofty carriage and fiashing eye elicited a burst 
 of applause, which told better than words can express the intense 
 and ardent aspirations felt in his success, by every son and 
 daughter of Kentucky. Clinton, his trainer, immediately stripped 
 off his sheet and hood, and a finer specimen of the high-mettled 
 racer was never exhibited. He was in condition to run for a 
 man's life — a magnificent gray, nearly sixteen hands high, with 
 the step of a gazelle and the strength of a Bucephalus. Mr. 
 Burbridge had told us that of one thing he was confident — his 
 norse might want foot, but of his game he was certain ; the cor- 
 rectness of his judgment the sequel will show. In the hands of 
 Clinton, who, by-the-by, is a Kentuckian, not above seven and 
 twenty years of age, Grey Eagle had never lost a heat ; the 
 
260 THE HOESE. 
 
 previous October, he won a two-mile Sweepstakes, over this 
 course, in 3.41 — 3.43f ; and a week afterwards repeated the 
 race in 3.48 — 3.44. His form indicates more power of endur- 
 ance than any horse we ever saw in Kentucky ; from the girth 
 forward his shape and make could hardly be improved, if he 
 merely had the delicate, finely-tapered ears of a Sir Charles, or 
 a Wild Bill. Standing behind him, his quarters display a fine 
 development of muscle, but many would call them light in pro- 
 portion to his size and forehand ; in this respect he closely re- 
 sembles Priam. His coupling, thigh, and stifle, are unexcep- 
 tionably good, and his hocks come well down to the ground, 
 giving him great length from their point to that of the whirl- 
 bone. His legs are clean, broad, and flat, with the hamstrings 
 and leaders beautifully developed — no son of Whip ever had a 
 finer set of limbs under him. 
 
 Two chestnuts next challenged the public's attention ; the 
 first was Queen Mary, a very blood-like looking filly, with 
 white hind feet, that a single glance would have shown to be a 
 daughter of Bertrand. She measures about 15-2^ hands, is well 
 put up, and when running in good form, must be a dangerous 
 lady to trifle with. Hawk-Eye, as we remember him, is a heavy 
 moulded colt, of nearly 15|- hands, with a star and white fore 
 feet ; without the foot or the endurance of his half brother. 
 Pressure, he presents to the eye no such game appearance. 
 We trust he was not himself on this occasion, or we should wish 
 "ne'er to look upon his like again," for he cut a very sorry 
 figure in this party. Both himself and the Bertrand filly have 
 been winners, and the latter has ever been looked ujjon as a 
 performer of great promise. 
 
 At half-past one o'clock, the jockeys having received their 
 orders from the judges, the order was given to " clear the course." 
 Cato, called Kate, in a richly-embroidered scarlet dress, was 
 put upon Wagner; he is a capital jockey, and rode nearly up 
 to his weight, 110 pounds. The rider engaged for Grey Eagle, 
 lost the confidence of his owners just before the race, and at the 
 eleventh hour they were obliged to hunt up another. Stephen 
 Welch, a three-year-old rider, was selected, though obliged to 
 carry thirteen pounds dead weight in shot-pouches on his sad- 
 dle ! The friends of Grey Eagle, however, had entire confidence 
 
THE START. 261 
 
 in Ills honesty ; and it is clear that he did his best, though, 
 weighing as he did but eighty-two pounds, he had neither the 
 strength nor stamina to hold and control a powerful, fiery horse 
 like Grey Eagle. He rode superbly for a lad of his years, while 
 Cato's exhibition of skill and judgment would have done credit 
 to Gil. Patrick. The horses took their places in accordance with 
 the precedence of their nomination for the stake. Grey Eagle 
 having the inside track. Queen Mary second, Hawk-Eye third, 
 and "Wagner the outside. Just at this moment Mr. Ward, the 
 President of tlie Club, dislodged the band from their seats over 
 the judges' stand, and Mr, Clay, Judge Porter, Judge Rowan, 
 our friend Col. Whetstone, of the Devil's Fork of the Little Red, 
 and the writer of this article, with two or three other gentlemen, 
 were invited to occupy them, by which we all obtained a fine 
 view, not only of the race, but — of the ladies in the stands 
 opposite. 
 
 THE RACE. 
 
 All being in motion and nearly in line, the President gave 
 the word " Go ! " and tapped the drum. Grey Eagle was the 
 last off, while Wagner went away like a qnarter-horse, with 
 Queen Mary well up second ; they were taken in hand at once, 
 which allowed Hawk-Eye to take the place of the Queen on the 
 back stretch, and at the three-quarter-mile post, Wagner allowed 
 him to take the track. Hawk-Eye led home to the stand at a 
 moderate pace, Wagner second, and Queen Mary third ; both 
 of them were pulling to Grey Eagle, at whose head Stephen 
 was tugging with might and main. Hawk-Eye carried on the 
 running for about half a mile further, until Gooding bid Cato 
 " go along." The pace mended at once ; Wagner went up to 
 Hawk-Eye, and might have cut him down in half a dozen 
 strides, but the Queen was still laj^ing back, and Grey Eagle had 
 not yet made a stroke. Wagner came first to the stand, and at 
 the turn Cato having held up his whip as a signal to a crowd 
 of rubbers and boys on Garrison's stable, that " the old Sorrel 
 Stud" was going just right, they gave him a slight cheer, at 
 which AVagner broke loose, and made a spread eagle of the field 
 in " no time." The other jocks were not a little startled at this 
 demonstration of Wagner's speed, and each called upon his nag, 
 
262 THE HOUSE. 
 
 SO that opposite tlie Oakland House, near the three-quarter mile 
 post, the field closed. Stephen here let out the phenomenon he 
 so gracefully bestrode, and like twin bullets the gallant gray 
 and Wagner came out of the melee. At the head of the quar- 
 ter stretch, Stephen was told to " pull him steady," so that 
 before Wagner reached the stand. Queen Mary had changed 
 places with Grey Eagle, notwithstanding her saddle had slipped 
 on her withers. Hawk-Eye was already in difficulty, and for 
 him the pace was getting " no better very fast." Grey Eagle 
 set to work in earnest on entering the back stretch, first outfoot- 
 ing the Queen and then challenging Wagner. From the Oak- 
 land House to the head of the quarter-stretch, the ground is 
 descending, and from thence up the straight run to the stand, 
 a distance of perhaps six hundred yards, it is ascending. At 
 the half-mile post, Cato called upon Wagner, and the critical 
 moment having arrived, Stephen collared him with the gray, 
 on the outside. For three hundred yards the pace was tremen- 
 dous ; Grey Eagle once got his head and neck in front, and a 
 tremendous shout was sent up ; but Wagner threw him off so 
 far in going round the last turn, that, halfway up the stretch, 
 Mr. Burbridge ordered him to be pulled up, and Wagner won 
 cleverly, Queen Mary dropping just w^ithin her distance, 150 
 yards. Hawk-Eye was nowhere. Time 7.48. 
 
 The disapj)ointment and mortification was so great, that for 
 the first twenty minutes after the heat, Queen Mary was freely 
 backed against Grey Eagle, while so far as Wagner was con- 
 cerned, it was considered " a dead open and shut." Before the 
 forty-five minutes had elapsed, however, a re-action took place 
 in favor of Grey Eagle. Not a Kentuclcian on the ground laid 
 out a dollar on Wagner ! From the first, the very few individ- 
 uals who were disposed to back him on account of his blood, 
 his form, his performances and his condition, had not staked a 
 dollar ; their judgment prompted them to back the Southern 
 champion, but they would not bet against Kentucky I Talk of 
 State pride in South Carolina ! Why, the Kentuckians have 
 more of it than the citizens of all the States in the Confederacy 
 added together. They not only believe Kentucky to be the 
 Eden of the world, and the garden of the Union, but their own 
 favorite county to be the asparagus-bed of the State ! And they 
 
THE SECOND HEAT. 253 
 
 liave good reason ; Kentucky is a glorious State. The talent 
 and chivalry of her sons are in keeping with the intelligence 
 and peerless beauty of her daughters, and well may they be 
 proud of her and of each other. But to the horses. 
 
 All cooled off well, but more especially Grey Eagle, who 
 appeared not to mind the run a jot. They got, as Clinton 
 remarked, " a capital scrape out of him," and he was " as fine 
 as silk," — in good order for a bruisijig heat. He extended him- 
 self with a degree of ease in the second heat, and changed his 
 action in a manner that convinced us that the sweat had relieved 
 him. Wagner, who resembles Boston in many other respects, 
 showed all that placidity and calmness of look and motion which 
 characterizes " the old White-nose." Great odds were ofifered 
 on him for the race, but small amounts only were staked. Grey 
 Eagle's noble bearing and game-cock look, as he came up to 
 contest in a second heat for the meed of honor and applause, 
 was the theme of universal admiration ; so much so, indeed, that 
 a cargo of laces, gloves, bijouterie, etc., must have been required 
 to pay the wagers made in the Ladies' Pavilion. 
 
 Second Heat, — The tap of the drum sent them away with a 
 beautiful start, AYagner leading off with a steady, business-like 
 stride, while Grey Eagle, as full of game as of beauty, waited 
 upon him close up. It was instantly evident that Mr. Burbridge 
 had changed his tactics ; the moment Stephen got Grey Eagle 
 into straight work on the back side, he made play for the track, 
 and after a terrific burst of speed for one hundred and fifty 
 yards, he came in front ; keeping u]3 his stroke, he soon after 
 made a gap of four lengths, and though Wagner drew upon him 
 a little in coming up the rising ground towards the stand, yet 
 he passed it far enough in advance to M^arrant the warm and 
 hearty plaudits of his friends. As if inspirited by the cheers of 
 the crowd, and the tokens of unalloyed gratification exhibited 
 by the galaxy of radiant beauty in the stands. Grey Eagle kept 
 up his murderous rate throughout the entire second mile ; 
 Wagner lay up close, and there was no faltering, no flinching, 
 no giving back, on the part of either. The stride was over 
 twenty-two feet, perfectly steady, strong, and regular, with no 
 dwelling, no floundering, no laboring. Grey Eagle made the 
 running to beyond the half-mile post on the third mile, and the 
 
264 THE nORSE. 
 
 pace seemed too good to last, but there were " links " yet to be 
 "let out," From this point the two cracks made a match of it, 
 in which Queen Mary had as little apparent concern as if out 
 of the race. Near the Oakland House, Wagner set to work to 
 do or die. '-'■ Rowel him iip ! " shouted his owner to Cato ; while 
 Garrison, at the head of the quarter stretch, was waving his 
 hat to him to come on ! The rally that ensued down the 
 descent to the turn, was desperate, but Wagner could not gain 
 an inch ; as they swung round into the quarter stretch they 
 were lapped ; " spur your proud coursers hard and ride ii 
 blood ! " were the orders on this, as they are described to 
 have been on Bosworth "field." Both horses got a taste 
 of steel and catgut as they came up the ascent, and on cast- 
 ing our eye along the cord extending across the course from 
 the judges' to the club stands. Grey Eagle was the first under 
 it by a head and shoulders ; at the turn Stephen manoeuvred so 
 as to press Wagner on the outside, and soon after drew out clear 
 in front, looking so much like a winner that the crowd, unable 
 to repress an irresistible impulse, sent uj) a cheer that made the 
 welkin ring for miles around. The group on Wagner's stable 
 again bid him " go on ! " but Cato, " calm as a summer's morn- 
 ing," was quietly biding his time ; he seemed to feel that 
 Patience has won more dollars than Haste has coppers, and that 
 there was but a solitary chance of winning the race out of the 
 fire. Fully aware of the indomitable game of the nonpareil 
 under him, he thought if he could bottle him up for a few hun- 
 dred yards there was still another run to be got out of him. He 
 accordingly took a bracing pull on his horse, and though it was 
 "go along" every inch, Wagner recovered his wind so as to 
 come again at the head of the quarter stretch. Stephen, long 
 ere this, had become so exhausted as to be u able to give Grey 
 Eagle the support he required ; he rode wide, swerving consid- 
 erably from a straight line, and was frequently all abroad in his 
 seat. From the Oakland House home, it was a terrible race ! 
 By the most extraordinary exertions Wagner got up neck and 
 neck with " the gallant gray," as they swung round the turn 
 into the quarter stretch. The feelings of the assembled thou- 
 sands were wrought up to a pitch absolutely painful — silence 
 the most profound reigned over that vast assembly, as these 
 
SUMMARY. 265 
 
 noble animals sjjed on as if life and death called fortli their 
 utmost energies. Both jockeys had their whip-hands at work, 
 and at every stroke, each spur, with a desperate stab, was buried 
 to the rowel head. Grey Eagle, for the first hundred yards, was 
 clearly gaining ; but in another instant Wagner was even with 
 him. Both were out and doing their best. It was any body's 
 race yet ! Now "Wagner — now Grey Eagle has the advantage. 
 It will be a dead heat ! " See ! Grey Eagle's got him ! " — 
 " ]^o — Wagner's ahead ! " A moment ensues — the people 
 shout — hearts throb — ladies faint — a thrill of emotion, and the 
 race is over ! Wagner wins by a neck, in 7.44, the best race 
 ever run south of the Potomac ; while Kentucky's gallant 
 champion demonstrates his claim to that proud title, by a per- 
 formance which throws into the shade the most brilliant ever 
 made in his native State. Summary ; — 
 
 MONDAY, Sept. 80, 1S39.— Sweepstakes for all ages, 3 yr. olds carrying 86 lbs.— 4, 100—5, 110— 
 6, 118 — 7 and upwards, 124 lbs. ; mares and geldings allowed 3 lbs. Ten subscribers at $2,000 
 each, h. ft., to which the Proprietor added the receipts of the Stands. Four-mile heats. 
 
 Jas. S. Garrison's — John Campbell's — ch. h. Wagner, by Sir Charles, out of Maria West, by 
 
 Marion, 5 yrs Cato. 1 1 
 
 Oliver & Dickey's — A. L. Shotwell's — gr. c. Grey Eagle, by 'Woo.lpeeker, out of Ophelia, by 
 
 "Wild Medley, 4 yrs Stephen Welch. 2 2 
 
 Capt. Willa Viley's ch. f. Qu-een Mary, by Bertrand, dam by Brimmer, 4 yrs. . . .33 
 
 Bradley & Steel's ch. c. Ilawk-Eye, by Sir Lovell, out of Pressure's dam, by Jenkins' Sir 
 
 William, 4 yrs . . dist. 
 
 Time, 7.48—7.44. 
 
 To say that Wagner was better managed and better jockeyed 
 in this race than Gre}* Eagle, is to express the opinion of every 
 unprejudiced individual who had the pleasure of witnessing it. 
 What might have been the result of the race., we cannot pre- 
 tend to say, but we assert with perfect confidence our belief, 
 that with Gil. Patrick on his back, Grey Eagle would have won 
 the second heat. People difi'er in opinion, luckily, and were it 
 not so we should be in a mass. Had the managers of Grey 
 Eagle been content to bide their time, another tale might have 
 been told. " Wait and win " carries off more purses than 
 "Take the track and keep it." Grey Eagle could outfoot Wag- 
 ner in a brush of one hundred and fifty yards — he clearly de- 
 monstrated that fact half a dozen times in the course of the 
 week ; but in a run of five or six hundred yards, Wagner could 
 beat him about the same distance. Tlie two horses were so 
 nearly matched that good generalship and good riding did the 
 
2C6 THE HORSE. 
 
 business. Instead of allowing liim to go forward and cut out 
 the work, Grej Eagle should have been laid quietly behind, 
 with a steady, bracing pull, until within the distance stand, 
 and then pulled out, and made to win if he could. That was 
 his only chance ; tiring down Wagner is like tiring down a lo- 
 comotive. 
 
 "We must here break off, but not without remarking that 
 after being weighed, Cato was put up again on Wagner, and 
 with the stakes in his hand — $14,000 !— he jDromenaded in front 
 of the stand, preceded by a band of music, playing " Old Vir- 
 ginny never tireP In bringing our report of this memorable 
 race to a conclusion, we must not neglect to record the gratify- 
 ing fact, that notwithstanding the immense throng of spectators 
 on the ground, and the peculiar excitement of the occasion, 
 not a solitary circumstance occurred calculated for a moment 
 to interrupt the harmony and general good feeling which pre- 
 vailed on all hands. 
 
 We have not room to give the details of the running on the 
 intermediate days of the meeting. Sufhce to say that the fine 
 Medoc filly Cub, won the Post stake for 3 yrs. olds, in 3.45-^ — 
 3.44 ; — that the Woodpecker colt Ralph won the three-mile 
 purse cleverly, in 5.50 each heat ; — that the Eclipse mare Mis- 
 souri won the Oakland Plate, two-mile heats, in 3.50 — 3.44 — 
 3.50 ; — and that several other exhibitions of beauty, game, and 
 speed, were given during the week. The first race between 
 Wagner and Grey Eagle came off on Monday ; on Saturday 
 they again came out for the Jockey Club purse of $1,500, four- 
 mile heats. Throughout the week the weather had been de- 
 lightful, and the attendance good enough to realize $15,000 to 
 the spirited proprietor ; but on this day tliere was an immense 
 gathering from far and near, and the sun never shone out on a 
 more lovely morning. The attraction, it must be confessed, 
 could not have been surpassed — Wagner and Grey Eagle were 
 again to come together! After their race on Monday, both par- 
 ties immediately interested were willing to draw off their forces 
 and enjoy an honorable armistice until next spring ; but the in- 
 terference and misrepresentation of sanguine friends ultimately 
 broke off the truce existing between them, and the high con- 
 tracting parties set about prosecuting the war with greater zeal 
 
THE SECOND RACE. 267 
 
 and energy than ever. Some one wrote from Louisville, direct- 
 ly after the race, to the effect that Wagner had declined to meet 
 Grey Eagle in a match for $10,000, four-mile heats ; which let- 
 ter made its appearance in the column of a Lexington journal. 
 This statement the friends of Grey Eagle did not deny, though 
 it was made without their authority ; and in consequence Wag- 
 ner was forced to notice it. In an article " by authority," from 
 the pen of a distinguished correspondent of the " Spirit of the 
 Times," published in the Louisville " Journal " on the 5tli Oc- 
 tober, the writer remarked to the following effect ; — 
 
 " Wag7ie7' and Grey Eagle. — The repidatioii of his horse is 
 dear to a turfman, and it is his duty to shield and defend it as 
 he would his own honor. The contest between Wagner and 
 Grey Eagle will long be remembered by those who witnessed it. 
 Wagner's honors were nobly won ; he earned them in a field 
 where every inch of ground was closely contested ; and any one 
 who would attempt to pluck a laurel from his brow, by false- 
 hood or misrepresentation, deserves the scoi'n of every honor- 
 able man. 
 
 " The writer of this has been induced to make these remarks, 
 from the fact that a letter has been published in a Lexington 
 paper, written from Louisville, containing a statement that Grey 
 Eagle had challenged Wagner for $10,000, and the latter had 
 declined the contest. This statement is positively /aZse, and the 
 owners of Grey Eagle will cheerfully bear testimony to the 
 truth of the assertion. The facts of the case are these ; Warner 
 had gained a victory over Grey Eagle — a victory in which even 
 the defeated party gained the brightest laurels, and won lor 
 himself imperishable fame. Hence Wagner's friends prized his 
 victory the more highly ; and, with that courtesy towards the 
 friends of Grey Eagle which is ever due from the victor to the 
 vanquished, they would have been willing to leave Kentucky, 
 perfectly satisfied with his performance. But the communica- 
 tion, above referred to, leaves but one course to the owner of 
 Wagner. He is willing to run him against Grey Eagle, or any 
 other horse in the United States, four-mile heats, for $10,000, or 
 any amount above that sum. This offer is made with no dis- 
 position to detract from the reputation of the game and gallant 
 Grey Eagle, but solely on account of justice to Wagner, who 
 
268 THE HORSE. 
 
 lias been placed in a situation by sotne of the friends of Grey 
 Eagle that leaves no alternative." 
 
 The article just quoted made its appearance in the "•' Journal " 
 on the morning of the second race, which we are about to de- 
 scribe ; but the friends of Grey Eagle were prepared to see it. 
 If we are not very much mistaken, it was read to its owner, as 
 it was to several of his friends, two days before its publication, 
 but was delayed in the hope that Grey Eagle's friends would 
 contradict the statement alluded to. In the mean time both 
 horses were got in order to make another race. We saw both 
 immediately after their first race, and on the following moi'n- 
 ing ; both recovered well, and Grey Eagle especially so, exhib- 
 iting very little stiffness or soreness. They improved from that 
 time up to Saturday morning, and we never saw two high-met- 
 tled racers in finer condition than they were when stripjDcd to 
 run their second race. 
 
 In anticiiDation of a race, which, for severity and interest, 
 would throw their first in the shade, both j^arties were wide 
 awake to secure every honorable advantage within their reach. 
 "Wagner's rider, Cato, had become free about the time of the 
 first race ; if he rode the second as well as he did the first, 
 many were the odd twenties and fifties he was promised. Ste- 
 phen Welch, Grey Eagle's jockey in his first race, weighing 
 but 82 lbs., the managers of the horse endeavored to find a 
 rider nearer up to his proper weight, 100 lbs. The only one 
 on the ground preferable to their own, was Mr. McCargo's 
 Archer, a very capital rider, with a good seat, a steady hand, 
 and a cool head. Mr. McCargo having no interest whatever in 
 the race, at once placed Archer's services at the disposal of 
 Grey Eagle's friends ; but as his doing so might possibly place 
 him in a position of great delicacy and embarrassment, at his 
 own request they relieved him from it, and concluded to put uj) 
 Stephen Welch again, whose only fault was that there was not 
 enough of him ! 
 
 After the race on Monday, the topic of conversation in 
 every circle was the prospect of a second one between the 
 rival champions. The Wagner party were not anxious for a 
 race, but they would not avoid one ; their horse had not only 
 realized their expectations, but had exceeded their most san- 
 
THE SECOND RACE. 269 
 
 guine hopes, and tliey were prepared to back liim to " the 
 size of their pile." And well did that noble son of a worthy 
 sire justify the high opinion of his friends — a small circle, it is 
 true, but they were stanch and true ; and when it came to 
 " putting up the mopusses," there were enough of them to " suit 
 customers " and no mistake ! The friends of Grey Eagle had 
 every reason to be proud of the first performance of their 
 horse, and they Avere so. He was the first discoverer of " the 
 Forties " in a four-mile race, ever bred in Kentucky, and he had 
 explored the degrees of pace to the latitude of 44, below the 
 Equator ! All this he had done as an untried four-year-old, 
 and if his friends backed him with less confidence now, it was 
 on account of the severe race he had made five days previous. 
 He was in fine health, and his look and action indicated all the 
 spirit and courage of a game-cock, but it was thought physical- 
 ly impossible for him to make such another race as his first in 
 the same week. The betting consequently settled down at two 
 and three to one on "Wagner. 
 
 It will naturally be supposed that the rumor of o. seco7id ionv- 
 mile race between these two cracks, attracted an immense crowd 
 of spectators. Many persons came down from Cincinnati, while 
 the citizens of Lexington, Frankfort, Georgetown, and the circle 
 of towns for fifty miles about Louisville, turned out in great 
 numbers. Again the city was crowded, and on the morning of 
 the race every carriage and horse in town was in requisition. 
 Many were glad to get out to the course and call it " riding," 
 when jolting along in a bone-setter, compared with which rid- 
 ing on a white-oak rail would be fun ! Again the ladies turned 
 out en masse, to grace the scene with their radiant beauty, and 
 "lend enchantment to the view" of the race — and themselves. 
 
 The jockeys having received their instructions from the 
 judges, " mounted in hot haste," Cato on "Wagner, and Stephen 
 Welch on Grey Eagle. The third entry was Messrs. Viley & 
 "Ward's Emily Johnson — own sister to Singleton, and half sister 
 to Mistletoe — a four-year-old bay filly by Bertrand, out of 
 Black-eyed Susan, She was not in prime fit, and could not, 
 therefore, live in such a crowd. 
 
270 THE HORSE. 
 
 THE EACE. 
 
 At the word " Go," Wagner went off with the lead at about 
 three parts speed, Emily laying second, and all three under a 
 strong pull. Grey Eagle's long, steady stride, after getting into 
 straight work going doM^n the hack stretch, soon brought him 
 up with the field, and opposite the Oakland House — about 300 
 yards beyond the half-mile post — the three were lapped. Tlie 
 pace now improved ; Grey Eagle drew out at the last turn, but 
 Wagner having the inside, and beginning to get warm, made 
 sharp running up the stretch to the stand, and on the next turn 
 came out clear in front. Down the back stretch they each kept 
 up a good racing stroke, but at the Oakland House Grey Eagle 
 increased his stride and locked Wagner ; as neither was yet 
 called upon, a very fair view was had of their relative rate of 
 going ; Grey Eagle led down to the head of the stretch and up 
 to the stand by half a length, and immediately after came in 
 front. He carried on the running two lengths in advance to 
 near the termination of the mile, when Wagner got a hint 
 to extend himself; without lapping him, Wagner waited ujDon 
 him close up, and opposite the Oakland House made his run ; 
 the rally that ensued was a very brilliant affair, but Grey Eagle 
 outfooted him in one hundred yards, and drew out clear amidst 
 tremendous cheers from all parts of the course. The instant 
 Wagner declined, Emily took his place, lapping the gray as 
 they swung round the turn. But Wagner had yet another run 
 left, and they had no sooner got into the quarter-stretch than 
 Cato set to work with him. Grey Eagle had been able to pull 
 to Emily, and accordingly when Wagner, by an extraordinary 
 effort, reached him, half way up the stretch, he was able to 
 outfoot him a second time, and came away home a gallant win- 
 ner by nearly a length, Emily having the second place, amidst 
 the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, and tumultuous cheers, 
 that would well nigh have drowned the roar of Niagara ! The 
 first mile was run in 2.05 — the second in 1.55 — the third in 
 1:56 — the fourth in 1.55 ; making the time of the heat 7.51. 
 
 The heartfelt gratification and rapture exhibited at the close 
 of the heat by the assembled thousands, knew no bounds. 
 Kentucky's most distinguished sons, and her loveliest daughters, 
 
THE SECOND HEAT. 271 
 
 felt .alike interested, and Grey Eagle's success was enjoyed as if 
 each was personally concerned. The odds, from being two and 
 three to one in favor of "Wagner, now changed, and Grey Eagle 
 had the call at four to three. Considerable sums were staked, 
 as Garrison declared " the old sorrel stud " had sulked, but 
 would show his hand the next heat. The fact was, Grey Eagle 
 for the first time had been properly managed ; instead of run- 
 ning tlie whole last half mile, he had taken advantage of the 
 ground, and made his first run down the descent from the Oak- 
 land House to the head of the stretch, and then being braced 
 up for three hundred yards, which allowed him time to recover 
 his wind, he was able to come again and make a second rally, 
 as brilliant as the first. As we before remarked, we think Wag- 
 ner could beat Grey Eagle by a desperate rush for six hundred 
 yards at the heel of a very fast lieat, but not over a head and 
 shoulders at that ; wiiile Grey Eagle had so much more speed, 
 tliat in a brush of one hundred and fifty yards he could let in 
 the daylight between them. With so light and feeble a rider 
 as Stephen on his back, it was impossible to place Grey Eagle 
 exactly as his managers would have liked, though he is a fine- 
 tempered horse, and runs kindly ; the result of the race, we 
 trust, will be a caution to them hereafter, how they venture in 
 a race of so much importance without providing that most in- 
 dispensable of requisites to success — a suitable jockey. 
 
 Both horses perspired freely, and in much less time than 
 could have been expected they cooled out finely ; neither hung 
 out a signal of distress, but came up for the second heat with 
 distended nostrils and eyes of fire, betokening the most un- 
 flinching courage. 
 
 At the tap of the drum the horses were hardly in motion, 
 and Cato drew his whip on Wagner the very first jump. The 
 pace was little better than a hand gallop for the first half mile, 
 but as Wagner led past the entrance gate, Gooding bid him 
 " go along," and he increased his rate. Stephen seeing this, let 
 the gray out a link, and in going down the descending ground 
 below the Oakland House, went up on the inside so suddenly, 
 that he had locked Wagner before Cato was aware of his close 
 proximity. The run up the quarter stretch was a pretty fast 
 thing, though neither was doing his best; the time of the 
 
272 THE HOESE. 
 
 mile was 2.08. The crowd cheered them as tliey ran lapped 
 past the stand, at which Grey Eagle pricked up his ears 
 and set to work in earnest, shaking off Wagner at the next 
 turn. The race had now commenced ; Stephen braced his horse 
 as well as he was able, and kept him up to his rate down the 
 entire length of the back stretch. At tlie Oakland House Gate 
 again called on Wagner, and steel and catgut came into j^laj. 
 The galhint gray led clear to the turn, and half way uj) the 
 sti'etch, Stephen beginning to use his whip-hand, and to give 
 the nonpareil under him an occasional eye-opener with the spur. 
 This mile was run in 1.52. They passed the stand neck and 
 neck, Emily being already nearly out of Iier distance. From 
 the stand to the first turn the ground is descending, and here 
 almost invariably Grey Eagle gained upon Wagner, who kept 
 up one steady stride from end to end, without flinching or fal- 
 tering, and able always to do a little more when persuaded by 
 the cold steel with which Cato plied him ever and anon through- 
 out the heat. We said they passed the stand on the second mile 
 neck and neck ; when they reached the turn Grey Eagle had 
 got in front, but no sooner had they come into straight work on 
 the back side, than Wagner made a most determined challenge 
 and locked him ; the contest was sj^lendid, and was maintained 
 with unflincliing game and spirit; at the end of TOO yards, 
 however. Grey Eagle had the best of it, for in spite of Cato's 
 most desperate efforts Wagner could only reach Stephen's knee; 
 Grey Eagle seemed able, after a brush of one hundred yards, to 
 come again with renewed vigor, if well braced, for a dozen 
 strides. Down the descent on the last half mile Grey Eagle 
 maintained his advantage, but on ascending towards the stand 
 Wagner's strength told, and they came through under whip and 
 spur, Wagner having his head and neck in front, running this 
 mile in 1.55. Stephen was here instructed to take a strong pull 
 on his horse, and to '•'-keep him moving,^'' while "ram the spurs 
 into him^^ were the orders to Cato. The result was, that Wag- 
 ner came in front, and the pace down the entire back stretch 
 was tremendous, both being kept up to their rate by the most 
 terrible punishment. Unfortunately, Stephen was directed to 
 " take the trach^^ about opposite the Oakland House, instead of 
 putting the issue on a brush up the last 200 yards of the heat. 
 
THE THIRD HEAT. 273 
 
 Too soon the gallant Grey was called upon, but true as steel the 
 noble animal responded to it. With the most dauntless courage 
 he made his run down the descending ground, and though Wag- 
 ner, like the bravest of the brave, as he is, made the most despe- 
 rate efforts, Grey Eagle came round the last turn on the outside, 
 with his head and shoulders in front, at a fiiglit of speed we 
 never saw equalled. Both jockeys were nearly faint with their 
 exertions, and Stephen, poor fellow, lost his presence of mind. 
 Up to the distance stand it was impossible to say which was 
 ahead ; whips and spurs had been in constant requisition the 
 entire mile, but at this moment Stephen gave up his pull, and 
 unconsciously yawed his horse across the track, which broke 
 him off his stride, while Cato, holding Wagner well together, 
 and mercilessly dashing in his spurs, at length brought him 
 through a gallant winner by a neck, having run the last mile in 
 1.48, and the heat in 7.43 ! 
 
 This was without exception the most game and spirited race 
 we ever witnessed. The heat was Wagner's, and while we ac- 
 cord to him all the reputation so brilliantly won after a bloody 
 struggle of near three miles, we feel bound to express the be- 
 lief, that for an untried four-year-old. Grey Eagle's perform- 
 ance is without a parallel in the annals of the American Turf ! 
 The last three miles of a second heat, in a second four-mile race 
 the same week, were run in 5.35, and the eighth mile in 1.48 ! 
 
 The enthusiasm of the spectators was now excited to the 
 highest pitch. There was not on the ground, probably, an in- 
 dividual who would not have been pleased to see the horses 
 withdrawn, and the purse divided between them, rather than 
 farther task the indomitable game and courage of these noble 
 animals ; but no such proposition was made, and after the usual 
 respite they were brought to the post a third time, and it would 
 have been difficult to decide which had recovered best. So 
 much feeling was manifested in reference to the horses, that the 
 baser impulses to bet on the result of the concluding heat were 
 almost entirely disregarded ; odds, however, were in a few in- 
 stances offered on Wasner. 
 
 In detailing the contest for the third heat, we are compelled 
 to record 
 
 " A few of the unpleasantest words 
 That e'er man writ on paper .' " 
 
 Vol. L— 18 
 
274 THE HOESE. 
 
 At the word " Go," tliey broke off with a racing stride, 
 Wagner taking the lead by about two lengths ; the pace was 
 moderate, for Stephen on Grey Eagle was expressly charged to 
 pull him steady, and wait for orders. "Wagner accordingly led 
 with an easy stroke through the first mile, and being cheered as 
 he passed the stand, he widened the gap soon after to four or 
 five lengths. At the half-mile post Grey Eagle made play, 
 and had nearly closed the gap as they came 023posite the Oak- 
 land House, when he suddenly faltered as if shot, and after 
 limping a step or two, abruj)tly stopped ! " Grey Eagle has let 
 down ! " was the cry on all hands, and when the sj)ectators be- 
 came aware of the truth of the painful announcement, the tear- 
 ful eyes of a radiant host of Kentucky's daughters, and the 
 heartfelt sorrow depicted in the countenance of her sons, indi- 
 cated the sincerity of the sympathy with which they regarded 
 the untimely accident to their game and gallant champion ? It 
 was supposed, on a hasty examination, that Grey Eagle had 
 given way in the back sinews of his left fore leg, but it has 
 since been ascertained that the injury was in the coffin joint. 
 Mr. Burbridge on the instant tightly bandaged the leg with a 
 stout strip of dry canvas, which being kept wet, would have 
 prevented the horse from coming down on his pastern joints 
 even had his leaders given way. A fortnight after the race 
 the horse promised to recover perfectly ; Mr. Shotwell informed 
 us that the ankle and joint were a little swollen, but that neither 
 the horse's pastern nor cannon bones were affected, and his 
 leaders were as sound as ever. We doubt, however, whether 
 he will ever stand another training; a slight wrench would 
 render him as lame as ever. We need not add, that, while his 
 owners and managers have the cordial sympathy of their 
 friends, and the Sporting World generally, there is no one 
 " with soul so dead " as to withhold the expression of their ad- 
 miration of the gallant gray, and their heartiest wishes for his 
 speedy recovery. 
 
 Soon after Grey Eagle was stopped, Cato pulled Wagner out 
 of his stride, and galloped him slowly round. The intelHgence 
 of the High Mettled Racer was clearly indicated by Wagner's 
 subsequent action ; from the head of the stretch home he inva- 
 riably went at a racing pace, and appeared as if he did not 
 
GKEY EAGLE BREAKS DOWN. 
 
 275 
 
 know what was required of him, frequently bursting off in 
 spite of his rider. On the fourth mile, as he passed his own 
 stable, the rubbers and riders standing on its roof gave him a 
 hearty cheer, and the gallant horse broke off, and in spite of 
 Cato's utmost exertions, ran at the very top of his speed for near- 
 ly 500 yards, as if plied with steel and whalebone the whole 
 way ! We never saw a more magnificent exhibition of un- 
 flinching game ; even the friends of Grey Eagle forgot their dis- 
 tress for a moment, in doing justice by a cheer to the gallant 
 and victorious champion of Louisiana ! Recapitulation ; — 
 
 Saturday, Oct. 5. — Jockey Club purse, $1,500, conditions as before, four-mile heats. 
 Jas. S. Garrison's, John Campbell's, ch. h. Wagner, by Sir Charles, out of Maria West, 
 
 by Marion, 5 years, ......... Cato. 311 
 
 A. L. Shotwell's gr. c. Grey Eagle, by Woodpecker, out of Ophelia, by Wild Medley, 
 
 4 years, ......... Stephen Welch. 12* 
 
 Willa Viley's b. f. Emily Johnson, own sister to Singleton, by Bertrand, out of Black- 
 Eyed Susan, by Tiger, 4 years, . . . . . . . .2 dist 
 
 Time, 7.51 — 7.43 — third heat, no time kept. * Grey Eagle gave way in second mile. 
 
 For more convenient reference, we repeat the time of each 
 mile in tabular form ; — 
 
 FIBST HEAT. 
 
 1st mile 2.05 
 
 2d mile 1.55 
 
 3d mile 1.56 
 
 4th mile 1.55 
 
 7.51 
 American Turf Register, vol. II., p. 119. 
 
 SECOND HEAT. 
 
 1st mile 2.08 
 
 2d mile 1.52 
 
 3d mile 1.55 
 
 4th mile 1.48 
 
 7.43 
 
 THIRD HEAT. 
 
 No time kept, as Grey Eagle 
 gave way in running the second 
 mile. 
 
 The event of this race is one of the things which lead me 
 to deprecate the extremity to which four-mile heat racing is 
 carried in America. 
 
 That such races test to the utmost the pluck, the endurance, 
 and the powers of the blood-horse, is granted. That they must 
 kill, at last, is certain. 
 
 The question is this ; Cannot a horse's game, his endurance, 
 and his speed be tested, short of destroying his physical ability 
 ever to prove them more ? 
 
 Tliere must be a limit even to the wear of a machine. I do 
 think that such exhibitions as the twenty-mile race, from the ef- 
 fects of which one mare died, and, probably, not one fully recov- 
 ered — as "Wagner's and Grey Eagle's two four-mile races within 
 five days, and other similar performances — are to be honored in 
 the avoidance, not the imitation. — H. W. H. 
 
PEDIGREE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF BOSTON. 
 
 Boston was bred by the late John "Wickham, Esq., of Rich- 
 mond, Ya., the eminent jurisconsult, and was foaled in Henrico 
 County, in 1833. He was got by the celebrated Timoleon, out 
 of Robin Brown's dam — an own sister to Tuckahoe, also bred 
 by Mr. W. — by Ball's Elorizel, her dam by Imp. Alderman, out 
 of a mare by Imp. Clockfast — her grandam by Symmes' "Wild- 
 air. Young Kitty Fisher, by imp. Fearnought ; Carter Brox- 
 ton's imp. Kitty Fisher, by Cade, by Cullin's Arabian ; Bald 
 Charlotte, by Old Royal, by Bethel's Castaway, by Brimmer. 
 For a detailed memoir and a portrait of Boston, see the 
 old " Spirit of the Times," of March Tth, 1810. Boston was 
 sold by Mr. "Wickham, in his 2 yr. old form to Mr. Nathaniel 
 Rives, of Richmond, Ya., for $800, and was trained in 1836-7, 
 by Capt. John Belcher, who had charge of one " cavalry 
 corps " from Col. Johnson's stable, while Arthur Taylor had 
 another. Cornelius, a colored lad, was Boston's jockey up to 
 2Tth April, 1839. Ever since the Spring campaign of 1838, 
 Boston has been trained by Arthur Taylor and ridden by Gil. 
 Patrick, until this Spring, when Craig took Gil.'s place, the 
 latter having gone to Kentucky to ride several important races, 
 all of which he won. In May, 1839, after the 1st heat of his 
 race against Decatur and Yashti, Boston was sold to Mr. James 
 Long, of "Washington City, for $12,000 and half of the purse, 
 and he is still owned by Mr. L. and Col. "Wm. R. Johnson, of 
 Petersburg, Ya. 
 
 Boston is a chestnut, with white stockings on both hind feet, 
 and a white stripe down the face. In other respects than color 
 and marks, Boston closely resembles the British phenomenon, 
 
PEEFOEMANCES OF BOSTON. 277 
 
 Harkaway. They have alike prodigious depth of chest, and im- 
 mensely powerful loins, thighs, and hocks. Boston is a trifle only 
 above 15| hands high, under the standard, but to the eye seems 
 taller, owing to his immense substance ; he is a short-limbed 
 horse, with a barrel rather flat, or " slab-sided " than round, 
 and well-ribbed home, while his back is a prodigy of strength ; 
 ten pounds extra weight would hardly " set him back any." 
 Though he has occasionally sulked, Boston runs on his courage, 
 and is never ridden with spurs. He is no beauty, his neck and 
 head being unsightly, while his hips are ragged, rendering him 
 " a rum 'un to look at ; " that he is " a good' im to go," however, 
 we imagine will be generally conceded after reading the annexed 
 recapitulation of 
 
 HIS PEEFOEMANCES. 
 1836. 
 
 April 20. Broad Rock, Va Sweeepstakes.. Mile heats lost % 
 
 Boston, 3 yrs. old, bolted in the first heat, when running ahead. 
 Oct. 12. Petersburg, Va Purse Two-mile heats won 300 
 
 Beating N. Biddle, Mary Archie, Juliana, John Floyd, and ch. f. by Henry. 
 
 Nov. 3. Hanover, C. H., Va Purse Three-mile heats won 400 
 
 Beating Betsey Minge, Upton Heath, Nick Biddle, Alp, Bayard, and a 
 Gohanna filly. 
 
 1837. 
 
 May 4. "Washington City Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Beating Norwood, Mary Selden, Meteor, Lydia, bro. to Virginia Graves. 
 Oct. 5. Washington City Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Beating Prince George, Stockton, Mary Selden, Virginia Graves, Caroline 
 Snowdcn, and Leesburg, in 5.50 — 5.52. 
 Oct. 19. Baltimore, Md Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Beating Camsidel, Cippus, and Bed Kat, in 5.51 — 6.08. 
 Oct. 26. Camden, N. J Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Beating Betsey, Andrew and Tipton, in 5.51 — 6.02. 
 
 1838. 
 May 3. Union Course, L. I Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Boston, now 5 yrs. old, walked over. 
 
 May 18. Beacon Course, N. J. ..Purse ., ..Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Dosoris, without extending himself. 
 
 May 25. Camden, N. J. Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Decatur, who had just distanced Fanny Wyatt, in a match for 
 $10,000, in 7.45, at "Washington. 
 
 June 1. Union Course, L. I Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Charles Carter, who broke down, in 7.40— the first three miles run 
 in5.36J!II 
 
 June 8. Beacon Course, N. J.. ..Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Duano, who won the first heat, in 7.52—7.54—8.30. B. sulked. 
 
278 THE H0E8E. 
 
 Oct. 4. PetQTsburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won $700 
 
 Beating Polly Green in a canter. 
 Oct. 13. Baltimore, Md Purse Four-mile heats won 700 
 
 Beating Balie Peyton, who had won a heat from Duane in 7.42. 
 Oct. 19. Baltimore, Md Purse Four-mile heats rec. 500 
 
 Boston was paid $500 out of the pnrse not to start. 
 Oct. 27. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats rec. 500 
 
 Boston was paid $500 out of the purse not to start. 
 Nov. 2. Union Course, L. I Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Decatur with ease in 8.00 — 7.57}. 
 Nov. 9. Beacon Course, N. J. ...Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Decatur. This year B. won nine Jockey Club Purses, and received 
 $1,000 more for not starting. 
 
 1839. 
 
 April 16. Petersburg, Va Match Two-mile heats lost. 
 
 Beaten by Portsmouth, in 3.50—3.48." B. being off his foot. 
 April 27. Broad Rock, Va Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Beating Lady Clifden and Brocklesby in 5.46 with ease— the best time ever 
 mado on this course. 
 May 9. Washington City Purse Four-mile heats won 800 
 
 Beating Tom Walker, Black Knight, Eeliance, and Sam Brown, in 7.53 — 
 8.06. 
 May 24. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Boston, now 6 yrs., walked over, though several "cracks" wore on the 
 ground. 
 May 31. Trenton, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Decatur and Vashti with ease. V. had just won a 2d heat in 7.46. 
 June 7. Union Course, L.I Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Decatur and Balie Peyton cleverly in 7.47 — 8.02. 
 Sept. 26. Petersburg, Va P. and Stake.... Four-mile heats won 7,000 
 
 Beating The Queen and Omega in 8.02 — 7.52 — best time made on the course 
 to this date. 
 Oct. 17. Camden, N. J P. and Stake.... Four-mile heats won 7,000 
 
 Beating Omega in 7.49. O. had won a heat at "Washington in 7.40 1 
 Oct. 23. Trenton, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Decatur and Master Henry in 7.57 — 7.56. 
 
 1840. 
 
 May 1. Petersburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won 700 
 
 Beating Andrewetta, who won the 1st heat, in 7.50— 8.04— the best time ever 
 made on the course. 
 May 8. Washington City Purse Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Beating Eeliance and Cippus without a straggle. 
 Misy 22. Camden, N. J. Jockey Club Purse. .Four-mile heats won 1,000 
 
 Boston walked o.ver. Bandit was entered, but withdrawn. 
 Oct. 2. Petersburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won 700 
 
 Beating Bandit, who was drawn after tst heat, in 7.57. 
 Oct. 8. Broad Rock, Va Purse Three-mile heats won 500 
 
 Beating Texas, Balie Peyton, and Laneville, in 5.56 — 5.49. 
 Dec. 7. Augusta, Ga Match Four-mile heats won 10,000 
 
 Beating Gano in a gallop in 7.57, after which G. was drawn. 
 Dec. 17. Augusta, Ga Purse Four-mile heats won 800 
 
 Beating Santa Anna and Omega in 7.59—7.49. 
 
WINOTNGS OF BOSTON. 279 
 
 1841. 
 
 In the Spring Boston stood at Chesterfield, Va., and covered 42 mares 
 
 at $100 each. 
 Sept. 30. Petersburg, Va Purse Four-mile heats won TOO 
 
 Beating Texas without an effort 
 Oct. 8. Alexandria, D. C Purse Four-mile heats won 800 
 
 Boston walked over though several cracks were present. 
 Oct. 15. "Washington City Purse Four-mile heats won 800 
 
 Beating Accident, Ned Hazard, and Greenhill with ease. 
 Oct. 21. Baltimore, Md Purse Four-mile heats won 600 
 
 Beating Mariner, who won 1st heat in 8.00^—8.05— 8.10— course very heavy. 
 
 Oct. 28. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats lost 
 
 Distanced by John Blount and Fashion in 7.42 — Blount broke down in 2d heat, which 
 
 was won by Fashion in 7.4S. Boston dead amiss, unable to run a mile under 2.10. 
 
 In 1&42, started live times ; won three ; lost two. 
 
 May 1-3, Union Course, L. I., purse, four mile heats 1,000 
 
 May 26, Camden, N. J., purse, four-mile heats 800 
 
 Oct. 21, Baltimore, Md., purse, four-mile heats 600 
 
 In 1843, started once, and won. 
 Sept. 28, Petersburg, Va., ^mrse, three-mile heats 800 
 
 Started 45 times, won 40, lost 5; total winnings S51,200 
 
 Thirty of these races at four-mile heats, five he walked for ; nine three-mile heats, walked for 
 one ; and one at two-mile heats. 
 
 It is due to Boston to state, that in his four-year-old form he 
 was prevented from starting for the large purses offered for four- 
 mile heats, by being in the same stable with Atalanta, Lady Clif- 
 den, Argyle and Mary Blunt. And it is no less due to him than 
 to his liberal and high-spirited owners to add, that from a regard 
 to the best interests of the Turf, they have frequently allowed 
 him to remain in his stable, when by starting him they could 
 have taken the purses without an effort. Boston, after his match 
 with Gano, at Augusta, could have won a Jockey Club purse 
 there, and at Savannah and Charleston. In the Spring of 1840, 
 he started but twice, though he could have easily won every four- 
 mile purse given between Petersburg and Long Island. His 
 owners, in the latter instance, were personally appealed to, and 
 consented to send him home from Washington, while one of the 
 Northern proprietors proposed to exclude him from running. 
 Several other occasions might be named on which Boston has 
 been withdrawn from the contest, at the request of the pro- 
 prietors of courses, upon a representation that his entrance 
 would destroy the sport and disappoint the public. 
 
 Boston now at the advanced age of eight years, after a racing 
 career of unparalleled severity is still as sound as a dollar, with 
 legs as free from blemish as a 3 yr. old. The field of his bril- 
 liant, never-fading victories extends from ISTew York to Georgia, 
 and he has not only beaten, one after another, every liorse within 
 
280 THE HOKSE. 
 
 his reach, but he has challenged all others, offering to meet 
 them on their own ground. Napoleon found a Waterloo and 
 so has Boston, but the latter is beaten, not defeated ; like the 
 former, it will be found that " he is never more to be feared 
 than in his reverses." When dead amiss he was beaten, it 
 is true ; the race was a splendid one — one of the best ever 
 run in America — but Boston had no part in it ; he could not 
 have beaten a cocktail on that occasion, and instead of being 
 backed as usual at " 1,000 to 300, nineteen times over," his 
 owners did not lay out a dollar on him ! Since he was taken up 
 this Fall his owners determined to give him a trial, to see whe- 
 ther his speed or game had been affected by his services in the 
 breeding stud. An eye-witness of this trial, who went over two 
 hundred miles to see it, has assured us that it was not only the 
 best trial Boston ever made, but it was the best trial ever made 
 over a course which has been trained on for half a century ! 
 Since that event, Boston has offered to run four-mile heats 
 " against any two horses in the world^'' for $45,000, which was 
 not accepted, and since his defeat at Camden, by Fashion, he 
 has challenged her to run him next Spring for $20,000. The 
 winner of this match will richly merit and most assuredly re- 
 ceive the proud title of Champion of the American Tukf ; let 
 us hope, therefore, that each will come to the post in tip-top 
 condition, and we may confidently anticipate witnessing the best 
 race without exception ever run in America. * 
 
 Boston's pedigree in extenso^ as given in the 13th volume 
 of the " American Turf Register ; " — 
 
 1833. Boston, ch., h., by Timoleon, out of Robin Brown's 
 dam, own sister to Tuckahoe and Revenge, by Florizel ; her 
 dam — the grandam, too, of Luda, — by English Alderman ; great 
 grandam by English Clockfast, and her dam by Symme's Wil- 
 dair. Gr. grandam Young Kitty Fisher, by imp. Fearnought, 
 her dam imp. Kitty Fisher, by Cade — by Cullen's Arabian, Bald 
 Charlotte, by Old Royal — by Bethell's Castaway, by Brimmer. 
 
 1813. Timoleon, by Sir Archy, dam by English Saltram. 
 grandam by Wildair, &c. — See Genealogy, 2. 
 
 1805. Sir Archy, by English Diomed, dam by English Rock- 
 ingliam, grandam Tabitha, own sister to Miss Kingsland — out 
 of Pegasus's dam — by Trentham. — See Genealogy, 3. 
 
 * See Note * on page 283. 
 
boston's ancestry. 281 
 
 1781. Eockingham, as a race-horse, the best son of High- 
 flyer — Herod's best son — out of Purity, by Matchem, &c. 
 
 1780. Saltram, by Eclipse, out of Yirago by Snap — Eegu- 
 
 lus, &Q. 
 
 1801. Florizel, by English Diomed, dam by English Shark, 
 grandam by Harris's Eclipse — son of English Fearnought, out 
 of English Stella, by Shakspeare — Cassandra, &c. ; — Fearnought 
 — Jolly Roger, &c. Like English Eclipse, Florizel, in his bril- 
 liant career, was neither touched by whip nor spur, no competitor 
 being able to come near him ; yet Sir Archy is regarded as the 
 best son of Diomed. 
 
 1777. Diomed, ch., by Florizel — son of Herod — dam by 
 Spectator — Blank — Childers — Miss Belvoir, &c. 
 
 1787. Alderman, by Pot8os, out of Lady Bolingbroke, by 
 Squirrel, out of Herod's dam, Cypron, by Blaze. 
 
 1774. Clockfast, by Gimcrack, out of Miss Ingram, by 
 Regains. 
 
 1777. "Wildair, Symme's, by English Fearnought, dam, by 
 English Jolly Roger, out of English Kitty Fisher, by Cade. 
 
 1755. Fearnought, by Regulns — son of the Godolphin Ara- 
 bian — dam by Whitenose, by Rattle — Darley Arabian — Bay 
 Arabian — Helmsley Turk, &c. 
 
 1741. Jolly Roger, by Roundhead — son of Childers, — dam 
 by Partner, &c. 
 
 Tliose conversant with English pedigrees, will at once see 
 how largely Boston's blood partakes of that of the Darley and 
 Godolphin Arabian, and of the Byerly Turk, through their 
 most renowned descendants. Flying Childers, Eclipse, Snap, 
 Herod, Highflyer, &c. We will here take a review of some of 
 these patriarchs of the Turf connected with Boston's pedigree, 
 and of some others as found in Fashion's pedigree. 
 
 It is deemed unnecessary more than to mention Childers, 
 Eclipse, and Highflyer — the norvpareils of their respective 
 eras. 
 
 1718. Partner, by Jig— son of the Byerly Turk,— dam by the 
 Curwen Bay Barb, &c., succeeded Flying Childers as the best 
 race-horse at Newmarket. 
 
 1734. Cade, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the famed 
 
282 THE H0E8E. 
 
 plate mare Eoxana, by the Bald Galloway, gained especial ce- 
 lebrity as the sire to Match em. 
 
 1739. Regulus, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the famous 
 Gray Robinson, by the Bald Galloway, was the best race-horse 
 of his day — the sire of Fearnought, of Eclipse's dam, and others 
 of note. 
 
 1748. Matchem, the best horse of his era, was got by Cade, 
 dam by Partner, &c. 
 
 1749. Spectator, by Crab, dam by Partner ; he was the only 
 horse, except Mirza, that beat Matchem. 
 
 1750. Snap, by Snip — son of Childers — dam by Fox, &c., 
 was the best race-horse at I^ewmarket succeeding those above 
 named. He twice beat Marske, of the same year, the sire to 
 Eclipse ; was distinguished, too, for beauty and symmetry, and 
 as a stallion of the first celebrity — sire of twenty-one noted 
 brood mares, including the dams of Sir Peter, Medley, Saltram, 
 Shark, &c. 
 
 1758. Herod, by Tartar, dam by Blaze, &c. Because of 
 Herod's renown on the Turf and in the stud, no comment is re- 
 quired. 
 
 1760. Gimcrack, by Cripple, out of Miss Elliott, by Partner, 
 &c. Of 37 races he won 28 — matches and plates to an immense 
 amount. 
 
 1771. Shark, by Marske, sire to Eclipse, dam by Snap — 
 Marlborough — son of the Godolphin Arabian — Natural Barb 
 mare. This extraordinary horse won upwards of 20,000 guineas 
 in stakes, &c., beating the best horses, Dorimant, &c. ; " equally 
 good for speed and stoutness, beating the best of his contem- 
 poraries at their own play." He was sire to the dams of Am. 
 Florizel, of Am, Maid of the Oaks, Lady Lightfoot, &c. 
 
 1773. Pot8os, ch., by Eclipse, Sport's-mistress, &c. He 
 was the rival to Dungannon, as the best race-horse of Eclipse's 
 get, and to King Fergus as the best stallion. Lineally, "Waxy, 
 Whalebone, Camel, Touchstone, &c., are descended from 
 PotSos. 
 
 1776. Medley, gr. by Gimciack, out of sister to Sir Peter's 
 dam by Snap. He was an excellent and stout runner, frequent- 
 ly beating the celebrities of his day. But he was most renowned 
 in the stud of Virginia. 
 
boston's ancestry. 283 
 
 1Y7Y. Diomed, pedigree given above, being so distinguished 
 on both sides of the Atlantic, little more need be said of him. 
 He won the Derby, the Claret, the Fortescue Stakes, &c. In 
 England his blood has been widely diffused through Young 
 Giantess, &c. As sire to Sir Archy, Florizel, Potomac, Duroc, 
 &c., Diomed has been a Turf patriarch in America for more 
 than half a century. Yery few race-horses are now on our 
 Turf that have not some of Diomed's blood. — See Genealogy, 2. 
 
 1780. Saltram, a favorite race-horse of the Prince of Wales, 
 since George lY., won the Derby, beating in his career all com- 
 petitors, Dungannon, Phenomenon, &c., and was beat but once, 
 when Dungannon won. 
 
 1781. This year produced Eockingham and Miss Eangsland 
 — see Sir Archy's pedigree above — the best race-horses of their 
 year. Kockingham won thirty-two prizes. 
 
 178i. Citizen, by Pacolet, out of Princess, by Turk. Citizen 
 was a good and stout runner. 
 
 EDITORIAL KOTE. 
 
 * (P. 280.) As stated elsewhere, Boston made the season of 1841 and covered 42 
 mares, at $100 each. After his big match with Fashion, he covered Andrewetta and 
 Ironette, and made a fall campaign. In 1843 he made a regular season at Spring 
 Grove, Hanover Co., Ya., at $70 each. In 1844, stood at Washington City, at $60 
 per season. After the seasons of 1845 and '46, he came out to Kentucky either in 
 the winter or early in the spring of 1847, and made the seasons of 1847, '48, and 
 '49, at E. H. Blackburn's, near Spring Station, Woodford Co., Ky. Mr. Blackburn, 
 in a letter to us, states that he was a very sure foal getter, and that he covered at 
 $50 per season, and went to about sixty-five mares each year. He died the fall of 
 1849, in his seventeenth year, the greatest loss to breeders since the days of Sir 
 Archy and Diomed. He came to Kentucky in very bad weather, was much exposed 
 in his trip out, and, upon his arrival at Mr. Blackburn's, was suffering from a very 
 severe cold, from the effects of which Mr. B. states he never entirely recovered. 
 
 BOSTON'S GET. 
 Arrow, Attila, Billy Boston, Big Boston, Boston, Jr., Bay Boston, Bob Johnson, Big Indian, 
 Bostona, Beau Mele, Catchem, Clara, Clara Minter, Commodore, Cracker, Columbia, Die Clapper- 
 ton, Dick Doty, Dick Earnest, Financier, Goldpin. Jack King, Joe Laws, John Hopkins, 
 Inspector, Isabella, Jenny Lind, Major Jones, Madeline, Madame Bruce, Medway, Lecomte, Lex- 
 ington, Lucy Bryant, Lrttle Rose, Nat Blick, Nelly Hardin, Notar Price, Orator, Nina (the dam of 
 Planet), Ked Eye, Ringgold, Rosalie, Tally-ho, Thirteen of Trumps, Tom Walker, Uncle Ned, Vol- 
 tigenr, Wade Hampton, White Eye, Wild Bill, Young Boston, Hawkins, Boston, and Betty King. 
 
 Look here, what an array of notables? They made a new era in racing. Time 
 seemed as nothing, they did all and more than was required of them. Lecomte 
 carried four miles in the twenties, and Lexington into the teens, and if Boston had 
 done nothing else in the stud, Lecomte and Lexington would and have given him 
 imperishable fame. 
 
PEDIGEEE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF FASHION. 
 
 Fashion was bred by "William Gibbons, Esq., of Madison, 
 Morris County, N. J., where she was foaled on the 26th April, 
 1837. It wonld be difficult to sit down over the Stud Book and 
 compile a richer pedigree than hers, and the same remark will 
 apply to Boston. Each is descended from the most eminently 
 distinguished racing families on the side o * both sire and dam, 
 that have figured on the Turf for a hundred years. Fashion 
 was got by Mr. Livingston's Imp. Trustee, out of the celebrated 
 Bonnets o' Blue by Sir Charles, and she out of Keality — " the 
 very best race-horse," says Col. Johnson, " I ever saw." Eeality 
 was got by Sir Archy, and her pedigree extends back through 
 the imported horses Medley, Centinel, Janus, Monkey, Silver- 
 Eye and Spanker, to an imported Spanish mare. Trustee, the 
 sire of Fashion, was a distinguished race-horse in England, and 
 sold at 3 yrs. old for 2,000 guineas, to the Duke of Cleveland, 
 after running 3d in the race for the Derby of 101 subscribers. 
 He was subsequently imported by Messrs. Ogden, Corbin and 
 Stockton. Trustee was foaled in 1829, and was got by Catton 
 out of Emma, by Whisker, and combines the blood of Hermes, 
 PijDator, and Sir Peter, on his dam's side, with that of Penelope, 
 by Trumpator, and Prunella, by Highflyer, on the side of his 
 sire. Trustee is not a chance horse ; in addition to other winners 
 of his family, in 1835, his own brother, Mundig, won the Derby 
 of 128 subscribers. — See Genealogy, 7. 
 
 Fashion is a rich satin-coated chestnut, with a star, and a 
 
PEEFORMANCES OF FASHION. 285 
 
 rins: of white above the coronet of her left hind foot ; on her 
 right quarter she is marked with three dark spots, like Plenipo, 
 and other " terribly high-bred cattle." She is about 15|- hands 
 high under the standard, rising high on the withers, with a 
 light head and neck, faultless legs, an oblique, well-shaped 
 shoulder, and a roomy, deep, and capacious chest. She has 
 good length of barrel, which is well ribbed out, and lier loins 
 are well arched and supported by strong fillets. Though finely 
 put up forehanded, her great excellence consists in the muscular 
 developments of her quarters, thighs, and gaskins. As in the 
 greyhound and the hare, the seat of the propelling power in the 
 horse, which enables him to move with a great degree of 
 velocity, is centred in his hind quarters ; necessarily in propor- 
 tion to their strength there, will be the impulse which impels 
 the whole mass forward. 
 
 Fashion has been trained for all her engagements by Mr. 
 Samuel Laird, of Colt's ISTeck, IS". J., and ridden by his son 
 Joseph, the best jockey at the North. Mr. Gibbons, her owner, 
 having been unfortunate with his former trainer — who nearly 
 ruined Mariner in breaking him — and who is opposed to the 
 general plan of training colts at 2 yrs. old, resolved that Fashion 
 should not be taken up until her form had attained a greater 
 degree of maturity ; consequently she was not brought out until 
 the Fall of her 3 yr. old year. Fashion goes with a long rating 
 stroke, gathers well, and moves with the utmost ease to herself ; 
 what is rather singular, she runs with a loose rein ; she is 
 true as steel, has a remarkable turn of speed, can be placed any 
 where, and nothing can be finer than her disposition ; a more 
 bloodlike, honest mare, was never brought to the post. Being 
 in a public training stable, with Clarion and Mariner, her half- 
 brother, both of them winners at three and four-mile heats. 
 Fashion has been compelled to "take her turn" in running 
 for " the big things," else the amount of her winnings might 
 have been increased as well as the number of 
 
 HER PERFORMANCES. 
 1840. 
 
 Oct 21. Camden, N. J Sweepstake Two-mile heats won $800 
 
 Beating Amelia Priestman in the mud ; two paid forfeit. 
 
 Oct, 27. Trenton, N. J Sweepstake Two-mile heats.., won 1,100 
 
 Beating Fleetfoot and Nannie ; two paid forfeit 
 
286 THE HORSE. 
 
 1841. 
 
 May 6. Union Course, L. I Purse Three-mile heats won 600 
 
 Beating Sylphide, Prospect, Fleetfoot, and Meridian. 
 
 May 19. Camden, N. J Purse Two-mile heats lost 
 
 Beaten by Tyler, after winning 2d heat. Trenton won the 1st, and Tyler 
 the 8d and 4th. Fashion 2d in 4th heat, Telemachus being ruled out- 
 time, 4.06— S.52—S.51i— 35.6. 
 
 Oct. 7. Union Course, L. I Purse Two-mile heats won 200 
 
 Beating Trenton in 3.51- 8.46J, on a heavy course. 
 
 Oct. 20. Baltimore, Md Purse Three-mile heats won 400 
 
 Beating John Blount, Lady Canton, and Stockton ; course slippery. 
 
 Oct. 28. Camden, N. J Purse Four-mile heats won 800 
 
 Beating John Blount, who broke down in 2d heat, after winning the 1st, 
 and distancing Boston in 1st heat; time, 7.42 — 7.48. 
 
 Starting in three trainings, seven times, and winning six races, one at four, 
 
 and two at three-mile heats, winning $3 jSOO 
 
 "We have noticed the fact of her not having been trained in 
 the Spring of her 3 yr. old year ; last Spring, too, unfortunately, 
 after her race at Camden, she went amiss, and was prudently 
 turned out until the Fall, when she came out again, and won not 
 only at two and at three-mile heats, but at four. Her last race is 
 one of the best, at four-mile heats, ever run in the United 
 States. In the only race she ever lost — it will be seen that 
 she was beaten by Tyler after winning the 2d heat ; Tyler won 
 the 3d and 4th heats, in the last of which she was 2d, having 
 beaten Trenton — who won the 1st heat — and Telemachus. From 
 the fact of being turned out after this race, and of her having 
 since twice beaten John Blount, who easily defeated Tyler in a 
 match for $5,000, it is fair to conclude that on the occasion al- 
 luded to she was out of condition. The brilliant reputation she 
 acquired by her last great performance, added to the confident 
 impression every where entertained of her surpassing speed and 
 extraordinary powers of endurance, are such, however, as to 
 render quite gratuitous any explanation as to the cause of her 
 having once been defeated. 
 
 As Fashion's friends have accepted the match offered by 
 Boston, it is to be hoped that each will come to the post in con- 
 dition to run for a man's life. Fashion will be trained as usual 
 by Mr. Laird, and Boston by Arthur Taylor ; Joe, no doubt, 
 will throw his leg across the pig skin on the mare, while Gil. 
 Patrick, who has more strength, though not more science or 
 coolness than Craig, will probably be put up again on Boston. 
 
PEDIGBEE OF FASHION. 287 
 
 The latter being an aged horse — 9 yrs. old — will have to carry 
 126 lbs., while the mare's appropriate weight, being then 5 
 yrs. old, will be 111 lbs. "No match, the South against the 
 North, has been made up at all comparable to this in interest, 
 since that between Eclipse and Henry, which came off over the 
 Union course on the 27th of May, 1828. Each champion has, 
 and is worthy of, troops of confident friends, and each is in 
 good hands. Let them come together in good condition — 
 give them a fair field and no favor, and — who can name the 
 winner ? 
 
 Fashion's pedigree m extenso is as follows ; — 
 
 1837. Fashion, ch. m., by English Trustee, out of Mariner's 
 dam. Bonnets o' Blue — own sister to Slender — by Sir Charles, 
 grandam Reality — own sister to Yanity and dam to Medley — 
 by Sir Archy, great grandam by English Medley, her dam by 
 Englisli Centinel — Mark Anthony — English Janus — English 
 Silver-eye, &c. 
 
 1829. Trustee, ch., a celebrated race-horse of Lord Darling- 
 ton's — since Duke of Cleveland — was got by Catton out of Emma, 
 by Whisker, &c., a famous pedigree, own brother to Mundig, 
 a Derby winner, and out of the dam — Emma dam of Cotherstone, 
 the winner of the Derby, who ought also to have won the St. 
 Leger. There is nothing superior to the pedigree of Trustee's 
 maternal ancestry in the English Stud Book. Catton, the sire 
 of this brace of distinguished brothers, was a capital performer 
 at all distances, winner of twenty-one races at Newmarket, Don- 
 caster, and York. Honest Trustee, as he was termed, beat Mar- 
 grave, the St. Leger winner, in the Derby race, and again as a 
 four-year-old, though beat by him for the St. Leger. He had 
 mostly la2)lace d'honneur at Epsom, York, Doncaster, and JSTew- 
 market. Trustee was sire to Revenue, Reube, the trotter Trus- 
 tee, besides Fashion, and others of distinction. 
 
 Bonnets o' Blue and Slender were first-rate at all distances, 
 and their half-brother Medley, by Sir Hal, ran with distinction. 
 
 1816. Sir Charles, ch., the best race-horse of his year, was 
 got by Sir Archy, dam by English Citizen, grandam by Com- 
 mutation, son of Wildair, &c. Sir Charles's most distinguished 
 get were Wagner, Andrew, and Trifle. 
 
288 THE HORSE. 
 
 1776. Medley, gr., by Gimcrack, out of own sister to the 
 renowned Sir Peter's dam, by Snap — Regulus, &c. 
 
 1758. Centinel, by Blank — son of the Godolphin Arabian, 
 out of a Bartlett's Childers mare, — dam by Cade — Partner, &c. 
 
 Janus, son of the Godolphin Arabian's son, Janus, dam by 
 Fox — Bald Galloway, &c. Imported into Virginia 1752. 
 
 1725. Monkey, imported 1747, by the Lonsdale Bay Ara- 
 bian — Curwen's Bay Barb — Byerly Turk, &c. 
 
 Silver-Eye, by the Cullen Arabian — Curwen's Bay Barb, 
 &c., to old Yintner mare. 
 
 The pedigrees of Boston and Fashion will serve as examples 
 of the best modern blood in " the States." Boston and Fashion's 
 dams were bred in Yirginia, when decidedly our "race-horse 
 region." Their ancestors, Timoleon and Beality, nobly con- 
 tended against each other as the best two of their year, and 
 among the best, as well as the earliest, of Sir Archy's distin- 
 guished get. For many years we have rarely had a first-rate 
 race-horse that was not descended from Sir Archy. 
 
KACE 
 
 OF BOSTON AND FASHION, MAY 10, 1842. 
 THE BEST KACE THEN KUN IN A]VrEEICA. 
 
 The great sectional matcli for $20,000 a side, four-mile 
 heats, between the ]!:^orth and the South, came off on Tuesday 
 last, the 10th instant. Since the memorable contest between 
 Eclipse and Henry, on the 27tli of May 1823, no race has ex- 
 cited so much interest and enthusiasm. It attracted hundreds 
 of individuals from the remotest sections of the Union, and for 
 months has been the theme of remark and speculation, not only 
 in the sporting circles of this country, but in England, where 
 the success of the IS^orthern Champion was predicted. It was 
 a most thrilling and exciting race — one wliich throws in the 
 shade the most celebrated of those wonderful achievements 
 which have conferred so much distinction upon the high-met- 
 tled racers of America ! 
 
 At an early hour on Tuesday morning our streets were filled 
 with carriages of all descriptions, Avending their way to the fer- 
 ries, while thousands upon thousands crossed over to the cars of 
 the Long Island Eailroad Company. But after eleven o'clock 
 the Company found it impossible to convey to the course the 
 immense crowd wliich filled and surrounded the cars, though 
 they continued to sell tickets after they were fully sensible of 
 the fact. Indeed from the first the arrangements of the Com- 
 pany were an imposition. They charged the most extravagant 
 price for the transportation of passengers, and their prepara- 
 VoL. I.— 19 
 
290 THE HORSE, 
 
 tions were in no way equal to the occasion ; above all, tliey con- 
 tinued to sell tickets after they knew that several thousand more 
 persons had purchased them than they could transport. A 
 train, bearing over two thousand passengers, did not reach tlie 
 course until after the first heat, and hundreds who had pur- 
 chased tickets, despairing of reaching the course in the cars, 
 started on foot, and reached it before them. At half-past 
 eleven o'clock there were not less than five thousand persons 
 waiting a conveyance by the cars at the Brooklyn terminus, all 
 of whom had purchased tickets. Under these circumstances, 
 it will not be very surprising to any one to hear that upon the 
 return of the cars after the race, the indignant passengers rolled 
 several of them off the track over the hill, and smashed others, 
 while " a perfect mash " was made of the ticket oflice. The 
 race was a golden harvest to the hack, cab, and omnibus 
 proprietors. The anxiety to reach the course was so great that 
 ten dollars were offered for a standing-up place in a charcoal 
 cart ! Our contemporary of the " Courier and Enquirer " thus 
 pleasantly describes his own "peculiar position ;" — 
 
 " Finding that our ticket was valueless, we engaged a deck 
 passage on an omnibus / and never have we witnessed so curi- 
 ous an exhibition as the road to the course presented. We have 
 neither space nor time to describe it ; but the reader may form 
 some idea of the anxiety to get ahead, when we state that be- 
 side the thousands that were footing it with railroad tickets in 
 their pockets, and the immense number in all sorts of vehicles, 
 we overtook a charcoal cart, from which the cry of ch-a-r-co-al 
 was heard to proceed in full chorus ; and on getting alongside 
 some twenty heads were obtruded, presenting faces which we 
 readily imagined had once been white, but which were now of 
 the most perfectly sable hue. They were a set of very clever 
 fellows, who deemed themselves fortunate to have procured even ^ 
 this mode of conveyance to the race-course." 
 
 Having engaged a carriage the day previous, we were ena- 
 bled to reach the course at an early hour. The roads from town 
 were thronged almost the entire distance with a procession ol 
 carriages and frequently with several abreast, all crammed. It 
 would require the pen of the " Troubadour of the Corporation 
 Dirt Carts " to give a description of them. Flatbush wagons 
 
THE RACE COURSE. 291 
 
 and sixpenny bone-setters were jammed in between four-in- 
 hand landaus, fast crabs in match carts, elegant stanhopes, and 
 the superb turn-outs of our wealthy cits. The Communipaw 
 clam-boxes, stylish cabs, and every variety of barouche were in- 
 extricably mixed up and jostled by great lumbering omnibuses 
 and thousands of fancy go-carts, wagons, and hackney coaches. 
 Upon reaching the course such a tableau was presented as 
 we never saw before. The field inside of the course was 
 thronged with carriages and equestrians, while the fences, 
 booths, and trees, were densely covered, so much so that several 
 accidents occurred from their breaking down. It is stated that 
 there were no less than eight thousand persons in the stands, 
 and yet there were nearly as many more who could obtain but 
 a partial view of the race, while many could not see it at all. 
 The number of spectators in attendance is variously estimated 
 at from fifty to seventy thousand. Among them the U. States 
 Senate and House of Eepresentatives, the British Army and 
 ]^avy, as well as our own, the Bench and the Bar, and the 
 Beauty and Fashion of New York were all represented. The 
 Ladies' stand was appropriately graced by the presence of a 
 large number of the most brilliant of our city belles, who, with 
 hardly an exception, gave the suffrage of " their most sweet 
 voices" to the beautiful daughter of Bonnets o' Blue. The en- 
 closed " privileged space " in front of the stands, reserved for 
 the members of the Jockey Club, and strangers — who were 
 charged $10 for admission, without distinction — was thronged 
 with turfmen, breeders, and amateurs. At one o'clock, how- 
 ever, owing to the want of an efficient police, and their inability 
 to see the race, more than a thousand persons climbed over the 
 pickets, from the field, into the enclosed space, while a mob on 
 the outside tore down a length of fence, and stove through a 
 door in the stand, and swarmed into the cleared space. For a 
 time it seemed impossible for the match to take place at all. 
 A crowd of loafers made a rush up the stairs leading to the 
 Club stand, but they were summarily ejected. At length 
 Yankee Sullivan, Jeroloman, Bynas, and several other distin- 
 guished members of the fancy, undertook to clear the course, 
 which they did in an incredibly short time, by organizing a 
 party of their friends, who formed in line, with clasped hands, 
 
292 THE HORSE. 
 
 quite across the space, and marched from one end to the other, 
 thereby driving outside of the gate every person witliout a badge. 
 Of course there were among this mob several ugly customers, 
 but Yankee Sullivan had only to " let fly with his right," or 
 Jeroloman give any one of them " a teaser on his smeller," to fix 
 his business ! On the whole, the mob conducted themselves 
 very well under the circumstances ; the great majority were in 
 perfectly good humor, and had the proprietors taken the pre- 
 caution to paint the tops of the pickets with a thick coat of tar^ 
 and engage a strong body of police, no such disgraceful scene 
 would have occurred. 
 
 The race commenced about 2 o'clock. For more than a 
 quarter of a mile in front of the stands, the spectators ranged on 
 the side of the course and of the field presented one dense mass 
 of thousands, through which the horses ran the gauntlet. The 
 course itself, owing to the rain of Sunday night, was not deemed 
 quite so well adapted for speed as upon some other occasions ; 
 still it was in fine order. The prospect of the weather, in the 
 morning, was unfavorable, but though at 10 o'clock there was a 
 slight sprinkling of rain, it soon cleared ofi*. The day was warm 
 and pleasant, but Avitli scarce a glimpse of the sun. 
 
 Tlie betting was a shade in Boston's favor. Before the race 
 came off, however, his friends were obliged, in order to get on 
 their money, to lay 100 to 60, and in some cases 2 to 1. "We 
 never saw so little money bet on a I'ace here of any impor- 
 tance/ oi heavy betting we did not hear of a solitary transac- 
 tion, though tlie backers of each were sanguine. 
 
 Having previously given in the preceding pages complete 
 memoirs of the rival champions, with their pedigrees, character- 
 istics, and performances, in detail, we have only to speak of their 
 fine condition. Both stripped well, Boston was drawn unusually 
 to our eye, but his coat looked and felt like satin. Fashion's 
 curb, though quite prominent, did not seem to afiect her a jot ; 
 otherwise she was in condition to run for a man's life. "We 
 need hardly say that she was admirably trained by Mr. Laird, 
 nor that she was splendidly jockeyed by his son Joseph — a chip 
 of the old block — Mr. Laird having formerly been a conspicu- 
 ous jockey. Boston of course was managed by Col. Johnson^ 
 and ridden by Gil. Patrick in his usual superb style ; Arthui 
 
THE RACE. ' 293 
 
 Taylor brouglit him to the post in uniisuallj fine order. Gil. 
 Patrick rode the first heat without a spur. The jockeys having 
 received their orders, mounted, and had their girths taken up 
 another hole, brought their horses up in fine style without any 
 assistance whatever from their trainers, and were otf with a run- 
 ning start for the race. 
 
 First Heat. — Boston on the inside went away with the lead 
 at a rattling pace, the mare laying up within two lengths of 
 him down the straight run on the back stretch ; the half mile was 
 run in 55 seconds. The same position was maintained to the 
 end of the mile — run in Im. 53s. — but soon after Fashion made 
 play and the pace improved. Both made strong running down 
 the back stretch, over the hill — opposite the half-mile post — 
 and down the slight descent which succeeds, and though this 
 seemed favorable ground for Boston, the mare gained on him, 
 at tliis place, in this mile, and placed herself well up. Boston 
 threw her off on the turn, and led through clear, running this 
 mile in Im. 50 s. Tlie pace seemed too good to last, and Bos- 
 ton's friends as he led cleverly down the back stretch, were 
 " snatching and eager" to take any thing offered. Again, Bos- 
 ton led through this mile — the third — ^being run in Im. 54s., 
 Fashion keeping him up to the top of his rate. The contest 
 was beautiful and exciting beyond description ; there was no 
 clambering, no faltering, no dwelling on the part of either ; 
 each ran with a long rating stroke, and at a pace that kills. 
 Soon after commencing the fourth, mile, Joe Laird shook his 
 whip over her head, and gave Fashion an eye opener or two 
 with the spur, and not 100 yards from the ground where Boston 
 took the track from Charles Carter, she collared and passed him 
 in half a dozen strokes, at a flight of speed we never saw 
 equalled, except in the desperate brush at the stand between 
 Grey Medoc and Altorf, in their dead heat. When Fashion re- 
 sponded to the call upon her and took the track in such splendid 
 style, the cheers sent up from the rude " throats " of thousands 
 might have been heard for miles. Fashion made her challenge 
 after getting through the drawgate, and took the lead opposite 
 the quarter-mile post. Boston, however, like a trump, as he is, 
 did not give back an inch, and though it was manifest the 
 Northern Phenomenon had the foot of him, he gave her no re- 
 
294r ' THE HOKBE. 
 
 spite. He lapped her down the back stretcli for 300 yards, 
 when Gil. Patrick very sensibly took a strong bracing pull on 
 him and bottled him up for a desperate brush up the hill, where 
 Eclipse passed Henry. Here Gil. again let him out, but unfor- 
 tunately he pulled him inside so near the fence that Boston 
 struck his hip against a post, and hitting a sharp knot or a nail, 
 cut through the skin on his quarter for seven or eight inches. 
 He struck hard enough to jar himself very much, and we ob- 
 served him to falter ; but he soon recovered, and though at this 
 moment Fashion led him nearly three lengths, he gradually 
 closed the gap round the turn to within a few feet. At this 
 moment the excited multitude broke through all restraint in 
 their anxiety to witness the termination of the heat, and the 
 course was nearly blocked up. On coming out through a nar- 
 row gauntlet of thousands of spectators excited to the highest 
 pitch, both horses very naturally faltered at the tremendous 
 shouts which made the welkin ring. Up the quarter stretch 
 Gil. made another desperate effort to win the race out of the 
 fire. He applied his thong freely, while Joe Laird drew his 
 whip on the mare more than once, and tapped her claret at the 
 same time. Inside of the gate it Avas a "hollow thing," though 
 Boston nearly closed the gap at the distance stand. Gil. fairly 
 caught Joe by surprise, but the latter, shaking his whip over 
 her head, gave Fashion the spur, and she instantly recovered 
 her stride, coming through about a length ahead, with appa- 
 rently something in hand to spare, closing the heat in 7m. 
 32|s. — the fastest by all odds ever run in America. 
 
 The time was kept on the Jockey Club stand by Messrs. 
 Robert L. and James Stevens, and in the Judges' stand by Sen- 
 ator Barrow, of Louisiana, Hon. Mr. Botts, of Virginia, J. 
 Hamilton "Wilkes, Esq., and the ofiicial timers. We took the 
 time of each mile from the Messrs. S., between whom we stood. 
 Mr. l^eill. Major Binggold, and other gentlemen of acknowledged 
 accuracy as timers stood in the same circle, and there was but 
 a fraction of difference in the time each declared " by watches 
 too, not made in Kentucky." Messrs. Stevens made the time 
 7m. 33s., but as they kept the time of the half, and in some 
 cases, of the quarter, miles, their difference of but half a second 
 
THE FERST HEAT. ' 296 
 
 from tlie timers in the Judges' stand, demonstrates the remark- 
 able accuracy of the parties. 
 
 The result of the heat was the more astonishing to a few of 
 Boston's friends, as no one ever supposed Fashion could make 
 tJds time, though she might heat him. "We were prepared to 
 expect the best time on record, not only from the fact that we 
 had been informed of the result of Fashion's private trial on the 
 25th ult., but from a circumstance which we shall be excused, 
 we trust, for alluding to here. After retiring to our room at the 
 Astor House on Monday night, at a late hour, we had the plea- 
 sure of a " domiciliary visit " from Mr. Long, the owner of Bos- 
 ton, and several mutual friends. The " party " were attired in 
 costumes that would be esteemed somewhat unique out of the 
 circle of the Marquis of "VVaterford's friends, who ride steeple 
 chases in their shirts and drawers. ISTevertheless there was no 
 lack of fun nor spirit ; in the course of an interesting " horse 
 talk," Mr. Long gave us several " items," one of which was that 
 Boston would run the first heat, " sure," in 7m. 34:S. Said Mr. 
 Long, " he will run the first mile in about Im. 53s., tiie second 
 in Im. 52s., the third in Im. 54:S., and the fourth in Im. 55s." 
 After he retired we made a memorandum of the time, as a curi- 
 osity after the race. And we refer to it now, to show that, 
 though beaten by the Northern Phenomenon, the gallant Bos- 
 ton amply sustained all the expectations formed of him from his 
 trials and previous performances. He not only made vastly 
 better time than he ever did before, but better time than ever 
 had been made — time that quite eclipses the most wonderful 
 achievements on the American Turf. The vaunted perfor- 
 mances of the Southern "cracks" at New Orleans, are almost 
 thrown in the shade, wonderful as they are. Had any one of- 
 fered to beat the time of Eclipse and Henry on the Union 
 course, 3 to 1 would have been laid against it; or had tlie 
 friends of Boston been assured that he could run, as Mr. Long 
 told us he could, in 7m. 3J:S., his friends would have staked a 
 million of dollars upon his winning the match. For the first 
 two miles Boston in the opinion of many shrewd judges had 
 the foot of the mare, and it is thought that had he trailed her 
 as he did Charles Carter, the result of the first heat might have 
 been different. But what shall be said of the incomparable 
 
296 THE HORSE. 
 
 daughter of Trustee and Bonnets o' Blue. Too much cannot be 
 said of her, or of her jockey. She ran as true as steel, as game 
 and honest a race as was ever recorded of a high-mettled 
 racer. 
 
 Both horses cooled out well. Boston always blows tremen- 
 dously, even after a gallop, but he seemed little distressed. 
 Neither was Fashion ; her action is superb, and as she came 
 through on the fourth mile, it was remarked that she was play- 
 ing her ears as if taking her exercise. She recovered sooner 
 than Boston, and though her friends now offered large odds on 
 her, Boston's were no less confident ; the seventh mile they 
 thought would " fetch her." We should not have been sur- 
 prised to have seen both swell over the loins, nor to have found 
 them greatly distressed. We examined them carefully after 
 the heat, and state with great pleasure, that though they 
 "blowed strong," they recovered in a few minutes, and 
 came to the post again comparatively fresh. After the heat 
 was over, the crowd rushed into the enclosed space en tnasse y 
 an endeavor was made to clear a portion of the track of the 
 multitude who had now taken possession of it, and after great 
 exertions, a lane was formed, through which the horses came 
 up for the 
 
 Second Heat. — Fashion led ofi" with a moderate stroke, and 
 carried on the running down the back stretch with a lead of 
 about tliree lengths. After making the ascent of the hill Bos- 
 ton challenged, closed the gap, and lapped her. A tremendous 
 shout arose on all hands at this rally, but as it subsided on the 
 part of Boston's friends, it was again more tumultuously caught 
 up by the friends of the mare, as she outfooted him before 
 reaching the head of the quarter stretch. She came through — 
 in Im. 59s. — three or four lengths ahead, and kept up her rate 
 down the entire straight stretch on the rear of the course. After 
 getting over the hill, Boston, as before, made a rush, and suc- 
 ceeded in collaring the mare, while she, as before, again threw 
 him off, and led through by two or three lengths in Im. 57s. 
 Gil. relieved his horse for the next 600 yards, but instead ot 
 waiting for Fashion to ascend the hill, at the half mile post, 
 alone, he called on Boston just before reaching it, and the two 
 went over it nearly together ; no sooner had they commenced 
 
THE SECOND HEAT. 297 
 
 the descending gronnd, than gathering all his energies for a 
 final and desperate effort, Boston made a dash, and this time he 
 succeeded in taking the track. The scene which ensued we 
 have no words to describe. Such cheering, such betting, and 
 &o many long faces, was never seen nor heard before. After be- 
 ing compelled to give up the track, Joe Laird, with the utmost 
 prudence and good sense, took his mare in hand, and gave her 
 time to recover her wind. This run took the shine out of Bos- 
 ton ! Instead of pulling him steadily, and refreshing him with 
 a slight respite, Gil. Patrick kept him at his work after he took 
 the track, and ran this mile — the third — in Im. .51|s. The pace 
 was tremendous. I^othing short of limbs of steel and sinews 
 of catgut could stand up under such a press. On the first turn 
 after j^assing the stand. Fashion, now fresh again, made a dash, 
 and as Boston had not another run left in him, she cut him 
 down in her stride, opposite the quarter mile post, and the thing 
 loas out. The race, so far as Boston was concerned, was past 
 praying for ! If any thing can parallel Fashion's turn of speed 
 it is her invincible game. She now gradually dropped him, 
 and without another effort on his part to retrieve the fortunes 
 of the day, she came home a gallant and easy winner in Tm. 
 45s. Boston pulled up inside of the distance stand, and walked 
 over the score ! As she came under the Judges' cord extended 
 across the course, Boston was exactly sixty yards behind, though 
 he could have placed himself in a better position had Gil. called 
 upon him. As Joe Laird rode Fashion back to the stand, the 
 shouts were so deafening, that had not the President of the 
 Club and another gentleman held on to her bridle, she would 
 have not only " enlarged the circle of her acquaintance " very 
 speedily, but " made a mash " of some dozen of " the rank and 
 file " then and there assembled. She looked as if anotlier heat 
 would not " set her back any." 
 
 And thus did the ISTorth settle its account Avith the South, 
 for the victory achieved by Bascombe over Post Boy. It was 
 a magnificent race — one which will be remembered by every 
 one who witnessed it " while memory holds her seat." Though 
 beaten, it is conceded on all hands that Boston has acquired a 
 more " vast renown " by this wonderful race than by his thirty- 
 five previous victories combined. He is worth more since, than 
 
298 THE HORSE. 
 
 he was before the match. " All that can be said is, that Boston 
 has beaten himself, and Fashion has beaten Boston ! " The spirit 
 of his owners on this as upon a like memorable occasion in May, 
 1823, is worthy of them and of the Old Dominion. Of one of 
 them it has been well said, that, " like another Kapoleon, he isi 
 never more to be feared than in his reverses ! " 
 
 In congratulating each other upon the brilliant triumph 
 achieved by the Northern Champion — now the Champion of 
 the American Turf — let no one forget to do honor to those to 
 whose admirable skill and judgment the I^orth is mainly in- 
 debted for its victory. To Mr. Samuel Laird, the trainer and 
 manager of Fashion, and to his fine spirited son, who jockeyed 
 her in a style that would have conferred credit upon Jem Rob- 
 inson, too much credit cannot be given. ]S^or let us forget that 
 to the gallant Boston we are indebted for ascertaining the in- 
 domitable game and surpassing speed of our Champion. What 
 else could have displayed it in such bold and beautiful relief? 
 Arthur Taylor brought him to the post in the very finest possi- 
 ble condition, and Gil. Patrick, his jockey, rarely distinguished 
 himself more than upon this occasion. Most of our contempo- 
 raries state that he rode with spurs. He wore one only, and 
 that only in the second heat. 
 
 It is peculiarly gratifying to ourselves, though we have the 
 pleasure of numbering all the parties among our personal 
 friends, that Mr. Gibbons, the owner of Fashion, is among the 
 oldest, most stanch, and most generous of the number. Un- 
 fortunately he was prevented from witnessing the race, in con- 
 sequence of an accident which for some time has confined him 
 at home. In his absence, another tried friend, Walter Livings- 
 ton, Esq., the owner of Trustee — the sire of Fashion — was con- 
 gratulated on all hands ; he has never doubted Fashion's suc- 
 cess from the first. Col. W. Larkin White, of Virginia, who 
 was also in attendance, came in for a liberal j^ortion of the good 
 feeling displayed. i!^or should it go unrecorded that Col. John- 
 son was by no means forgotten in the general outburst of con- 
 gratulation. He " sold the stick which broke his own head," 
 and no mistake, for after breeding Bonnets o' Blue from his own 
 Sir Charles, and running her with great success, he parted with 
 her to Mr. Gibbons, who bred from her a filly, which has beaten 
 
KECAPITULATION. 
 
 299 
 
 the best horse Col. Johnson has ever had in his stable, since the 
 days of his favorite Reality, the renowned grand-dam of Fashion 
 herself. 
 
 KECAPITrLATION. 
 TUESDAY, May 10, 1842.— Match, tlie North vs. the South, $20,000 a side, $5,000 ft, four-mile 
 
 heats. 
 Henry H. ToIer"s— William Gibbons,— ch. m. Fashion, by Imp. Trustee, out of Bonnets 
 
 o' Blue-Mariner's Dam-by Sir Charles, 5 years, 111 lbs Jo-ieph Laird. 1 1 
 
 Col Wm. E. Johnson's and James Long's ch. h. Boston, by Timoleon, out of Robin Brown's 
 
 damby Ball's Florizel, 9 yrs., 126 lbs &il. Patrick. 2 2 
 
 FiEST Heat. 
 
 Time of First mile, 
 " '• Second mile, 
 " " Third mile, 
 " " Fourth mile, 
 
 Time of Frst Heat, 
 
 M. 8. 
 
 1 53 
 
 1 50i 
 
 1 54 
 
 1 55 
 
 7 32J 
 
 Second Heat. 
 
 Time of First mile, 
 " " Second miie, 
 " " Third mile, 
 " " Fourth mile, 
 
 Time of Second Heat, 
 
 59 
 5T 
 5U 
 57* 
 
 7 45 
 
 At the Jockey Club Dinner, after the match, Mr. Long of- 
 fered to run Boston against Fashion, for $20,000, $5,000 for- 
 feit, four-mile heats, at any time to be agreed upon by the par- 
 ties between the 25th of September and the 25th of October, 
 next. 
 
 He also authorized us to state in our Extra, that he would 
 bet $1,000 he wins with Boston the regular Jockey Club purse, 
 four-mile heats, on Friday, on the Union Course, — $1,000 that 
 Boston wins the Jockey Club purse at Trenton, and $1,000 that 
 Boston wins the Jockey Club purse at Camden, the week fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 Last Day. — ^The attraction of three races, in one of which 
 Boston was to contend witli a son of Bonnets o' Blue, drew a 
 large assemblage to the course, and they were amply entertained 
 by a race — if not so brilliant as that of Fashion on Tuesday— 
 at least as critical and a2)j)arently more doubtful. 
 
 The sport commenced with a trial of speed at mile heats be- 
 tween Tempest and Prima Donna, the colt winning in two 
 heats, the latter of which was particularly interesting. Time, 
 1.55 — 1.55. Joe Laird jockied the winner, who, we regret to 
 say, was sold at auction after the race, and was knocked down 
 for the paltry sum of $180, to Capt. Shirley, of the Tth Hussars, 
 B. A., who has been in attendance upon our races. Other stock 
 was offered, but we learn was bid in. 
 
300 THE nOKSE. 
 
 Now came off the great race of the day — the struggle be- 
 tween Boston and Mariner. The former was backed in the 
 morning at 100 to 30, and before the start at 100 to 20, which 
 were not taken with alacrity. Boston had the pole, but retained 
 it for a few yards only. Mariner going to the front, on the first 
 turn, and leading by several lengths. The pace for the first 
 mile was so slow as 2.13, Mariner cutting out the work ; he in- 
 creased his rate in the second mile, which was run in about 
 2.05, opening the gap on the backside between Boston and him- 
 self, while Boston lessened it a little in the straight, running in 
 front. In the third mile, the j^ace was still further imjDroved, 
 both horses tasting the persuaders freely ; the fourth mile was 
 yet more desperately contested, though without much change 
 in the position of the horses, Boston, who was ridden by Gil, 
 without s]3urs, was most severely scored in coming home ; but 
 as it was all in vain, he pulled up inside the distance stand. 
 Mariner came in amidst the most tremendous shouts in 8.13. 
 
 The friends of Old Whitenose were undismayed by the loss 
 of the heat, and he still retained the call in the betting at about 
 100 to 80. As in the former heat Joe Laird went away with 
 the lead, and driving his horse at a much better pace than 
 before. At the south turn, in the commencement of the second 
 mile, the old horse showed a taste of his old style of going, chal- 
 lenged for the lead and gained it in a twinkling. No respite 
 however was given by Joe to Mariner, who ran well up through- 
 out that and the following mile, though the running was strongly 
 forced by Gil. Patrick. In the first quarter of the fourth mile, 
 in very nearly the place where Fashion made her run, Joe went 
 up with a rush, took the track with apparent ease, continued to 
 urge his horse with whip and spur, and widening the gap 
 with every stride. Before they came into straight running 
 home, he was leading by six or eight lengths, and the race was 
 apparently safe. But here Gil. Patrick brought up his nag in 
 a style quite incomparable ; such a rush we do not remember 
 ever to have seen made ; the old horse appeared to sympathize 
 with his eager rider, and showed all of that speed which has 
 won for him his great renown. Joe did not appear to be aware 
 of his close proximity till he came within the gates, when he 
 too found his whip and plied it lustily. The thing was out, how- 
 
THE THIRD HEAT. 301 
 
 ever, for notliing but a locomotive could have lield its way with 
 Boston, who in his turn came home, amid the enthusiastic cries 
 of the poj^iilace, in 7.4:6. Many watches made the time a half 
 second quicker ; the heat, which was won by a length, was the 
 most interesting we recollect ever to have seen. "We have 
 heard the riding of Joe in the last mile criticised ; it is said he 
 took too much out of his horse after he had passed Boston, by 
 forcing the running as he did. Our impression is that he pur- 
 sued the safer course, and that he lost the heat, only, in conse- 
 quence of the tremendous speed which his antagonist exhibited 
 in the quarter stretch. There is no difference of opinion as to 
 the masterly style in which Gil. took the heat ; it would com- 
 pare favorably with any performance of Chifney or Robinson. 
 
 Tlie third heat was scarcely less interesting than the jDrevious 
 one. Boston took up the running early, but was followed by 
 Mariner at the best pace steel and catgut could get out of him. 
 This severe chase continued throughout three miles and a half, 
 when Mariner closed up a little. In coming into the quarter 
 stretch home, Gil. gave the pole a Avide birth, and Joe imme- 
 diately took advantage of it, and made a rush to take the lead 
 on the inside. The struggle was now most exciting, as Mariner 
 was evidently drawing raj^idly upon his antagonist. At about 
 the distance stand he lapped on to him, when Gil appeared to 
 pull his horse toward the pole again, and thus crossed the path 
 of Mariner, and interrupted his stride. The pace was terrific, 
 however, till the finish, Boston taking the heat, with his tail 
 flirting directly in the face of his competitor, time T.5S^. A 
 complaint was then made of foul riding against the winner, but 
 it was not deemed by the judges to be substantiated, and the 
 race and purse were accordingly awarded to Boston. All know 
 how critical and hazardous is the attempt to j)ass a leading 
 horse on the inside. Many believe that Joe Laird was author- 
 ized by the position of Boston to make the effort he did, and 
 that but for being crossed and crowded he would have won the 
 race by it. The rightful authorities decided otherwise, however, 
 and we acquiesce in their decision without hesitation. 
 
 The race will be long remembered as one of the most inter- 
 esting that ever came off on Long Island ; the performance of 
 Mariner surprised all his friends by the unwonted sjpeed which 
 
302 THE HORSE. 
 
 he displayed, wliile lie ran as game a race as any house that ever 
 made a track. After the wonderful performance of Boston on 
 Tuesday last, his race of yesterday will, we have no doubt, bo 
 esteemed one of the most remarkable in the annals of the Turf. 
 — Spirit of the Times, vol. xii., 124. 
 
 Those superb animals, Boston and Fashion, never met again, 
 though both fully maintained their distinction. 
 
 Fashion's races with Peytona have been elsewhere described. 
 In the end, she was trashed off her feet, and beat by Passenger, 
 when she was not in a condition to start against a cocktail. 
 
 Boston, as a stallion, has done as nobly for the country in 
 the stud as he did on the track, as a racer. 
 
 Fashion is, as yet, untried, but I am happy to announce on 
 the authority of her owner, Mr. Keber, of Lancaster, Ohio, that 
 she was never better, and, is this fall, as fine as a four-year-old. 
 
 H. w. n. 
 
PEDIGREE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON. 
 
 Lexington was got in 1849, foaled in 1850, by Boston, dam 
 Alice Carneal by Sarpedon, gd. Rowena by Sumpter, g. gd. 
 Lady Gray by Eobin Gray, g. g. gd. Maria by Melzar, g. g. g. 
 gd. by imp. Highflyer, g. g. g. g. gd. by imp. Fearnought, g. g. 
 g. g. g. gd. by Ariel, g. g. g. g. g. g. gd. by imp. Jack of Dia- 
 monds out of the imp. mare Diamond (called Dutchess), by the 
 Cullen Arabian, both imported by General Alexander Spotts- 
 wood, of Virginia. 
 
 Boston. — See his pedigree in eocteiiso at p. 280. 
 
 Sarpedon was by Emilius, dam learia by the Flyer, gd. 
 Parma by Dick Andrews, g. gd. May by Beningborough, g. g. 
 gd. Primrose by Mambrino, g. g. g. gd. Cricket by Herod, g. 
 g. g. g. gd. Sophia by Blank, g. g. g. g. g. gd. Diana by Second, 
 g. g. g. g. g. g. gd. Hanger's Br. mare by Stanyan's Arab, g. g. 
 g. g. g. g. g. gd. Gipsey by No-tongued Barb, Makeless, Royal 
 mare. 
 
 Emilius was by Orville out of Emily. — See Genealogy 5, 
 of Priam. 
 
 Dick Andrews was by Joe Andrews, dam by Highflyer, 
 Cardinal Puff, Tatler, Snip, Godolphin A., Frampton's White- 
 neck, Pelham Barb mare. 
 
 Joe Andrews was by Eclipse, dam Amaranda by Omnium, 
 Cloudy by Blank, Crab, "Widdrington mare by Partner. 
 
 Beninborough, — His pedigree entire in Priam's genealogy, 5. 
 
 Mambrino was got by Engineer, dam by Cade, Bolton Lit- 
 
304: THE HORSE. 
 
 tie-John, Favorite by a son of tlie Bald Galloway, dam of Daffo- 
 dill by Sir T. Gas.coigne's foreign horse. 
 
 SuMPTER was by Sir Arehy, dam by Robin Redbreast, own 
 sister to the dam of Rattler, Cliilders and Flirtilla, g. d. by imp. 
 Obscurity, g. g. d. Slamerkin, by imp. "Wildair, g. g. g, d. Do- 
 lancy's Cub mare. 
 
 Robin Redbreast, imp., was by Sir Peter Teazle, dam Wren, 
 by Woodpecker, grand dam Sir Peter's dam. 
 
 There are seven Rattlers in Mason, one in Edgar. 
 
 Robin Gray was by imported Royalist, dam by Grey Dio- 
 med, grand dam by imp. St. George, g. g. d. by Cashier or 
 Cassius. 
 
 Royalist was by Saltram, dam a llerod mare, Carina, by 
 Marske, Blank, Dizzy by Driver, Smiling Tom, Miss Hip by 
 Oysterfoot, Merlin, Commoner, Coppin mare. 
 
 Saltram was by Eclipse, dam Virago by Snap, Regulus, sis- 
 ter to Black and All Black. 
 
 Grey Diomed was by Medley, Sloe, Valiant, imp. mare Ca- 
 lista. She is not in the Stud-Book. Calista can be found in 
 Bruce Stud-Book, page 70. 
 
 St. George was by Highflyer, dam sister to Soldier by Eclipse, 
 Miss Spindleshanks hy Omar, Starling, Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Cassius by Black and All Black, dam by Yorick; 2d dam 
 by imp. Tryall. 
 
 Melzar was by imp. Medley, dam by Symme's "Wildair, gd. 
 by imp. Vampire, dam imp. Kitty Fisher. 
 
 Medley was b}' Gimcrack, Arminda by Snap, Miss Cleveland 
 by Regulus, Midge by a son of Bay Bolton ; Bartlett's Childers. 
 Honeywood's Arabian, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Vampire* was by Regulus out of Wildair's dam. 
 
 Kitty Fislier was by Cade, her dam by the Godolphin Ara- 
 bian, and said to be out of Bald Charlotte ; but the last point 
 cannot be established. Not improbable. 
 
 Imp. Highflyer was by Highflyer, out of Angelica by Snap, 
 Regulus, Bartlett's Childers, Honeywood's Arabian, dam of the 
 two True Bhies. 
 
 * Vampire, Edgar states, was by "Wilson's Arabian, but the English Stud-Book 
 states he was by Regulus. See English Stud-Book, vol. 1, page 203; or, Bruce 
 Stud-Book, vol. 1, page 58. — Ed. 
 
DESCKIPTION OF LEXINGTON. 305 
 
 Fearnought was by Regulus, Silvertail by Whitenose, 
 Rattle Darley Arabian, Old Child mare by Gresley's Arabian, 
 Yixen by Helinsley Turk, Dodworth's dam. 
 
 Ariel was by Moreton's Traveller, out of Tasker's imported 
 mare Selima. 
 
 Imp. Traveller was by Croft's Partner, Bloody Buttocks, 
 Grreyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, &c. 
 
 Tasker's Selima was by the Godolphin Arabian, her dam the 
 Large Hartley mare. 
 
 Selim.—- There are six Selims in Edgar besides the English 
 Horse by Black and All Black, also Othello, out of Selima, 
 which is, I presume, the horse intended. 
 
 Jack of Diamonds, said to be by the Cullen Arabian, Darley 
 Arabian, Byerly Turk, Taffolet Barb, White Turk, Natural 
 Barb mare ; said also to have been imported by Col. Spottes- 
 wood, of Virginia. But there is no evidence whatever that 
 there ever was any such horse, by the English books. 
 
 The same may be said of the imported mare Diamond. 
 
 There is no such mare in any English record, nor any cer- 
 tainty that she ever existed. Diamond has always been a 
 horse's name. She is said to have been got by Hautboy out of 
 a Royal mare. 
 
 As to Jack of Diamonds and the mare Old Diamond (called 
 Dutchess), we have the statement of Gen. Spottswood as to 
 their pedigi'ees, and it comes as well authenticated as any of our 
 earlier pedigrees. Both, he states, were by the Cullen Arabian, 
 and were imported before the revolutionary war, for Jack of 
 Diamonds stood at Solomon Dun's in Virginia, 1763. It is 
 singular that Mr. Herbert should have been led into error about 
 the pedigree of Lexington, when he had access to all the books 
 of the day, and in hardly a volume from the commencement of 
 the American Turf Register, in 1830, to its close in 1815, but 
 what the pedigree of Lexington could be found as here set forth : 
 
 Lexington was foaled in 1850 ; Alice Carneal in 1836 ; Rowena 
 
 in 1826; Lady Grey in 1817; Maria in 1802; Highflyer mare 
 
 in 1792; the Fearnought mare in 1769. Now each of these 
 
 mares, from Maria in 1805, her first appearance upon the turf, 
 
 to 1843, the close of Alice Carneal's career, have a record upon 
 
 the turf. Flerbert also stites that Alice Carneal seems never to 
 Vol. I.— 20 
 
306 THE HOESE. 
 
 have won a race, but ran second in the first heat of a four-mile 
 race to Miss Foote in 7.42, the best time ever made in Kentucky, 
 though she was distanced in the second heat. She was distanced, 
 but the second heat was run in 7.40, and she did most of the 
 running for three miles. Alice Carneal never ran in public until 
 she was live years old, and continued to run for three years. 
 She was of a particular high, nervous temperament, to such a 
 degree that she would get out of condition between her stable 
 and the race-course. Dr. E. Warfield, who bred her and her 
 distinguished son Lexington, stated that at home she was superior 
 to any horse he had ever bred. During her turf career she 
 started in eight races and won two, one a race of four heats of 
 two miles. Besides Lexington, Alice Carneal produced Miss 
 Trustee, by imp. Trustee ; Fance and Grey Alice by Chorister ; 
 Didie, afterwards called Maid of Orleans, who won some thirty 
 out of forty races ; Release, Rescue, and Chronometer, all by 
 Berthune ; Rescue is the dam of Abdel Kader ; Waxy, by Bu- 
 ford, a splendid race-horse, who had the best two-mile race on 
 record for some years ; Lavender, by Wagner, a good race-mare, 
 who has since produced Helmbold by imp. Australian, Umpire 
 by Lecomte, Annette by imp. Scythian ; the two latter were 
 taken to England. 
 
 This noble racer is well described, as follows : — 
 
 CHAKACTEEISTICS OF LEXINGTON. 
 
 Lexington is a blood bay, about fifteen hands tln-ee inches 
 high, with fore and hind feet and pasterns and a small portion 
 of his hind legs above pasterns white. His bones are not par- 
 ticularly large, except the back bone, which is unusually so. 
 His muscle is abundant, dry and sinewy, without any cumbrous 
 flesh ; his ears, which are handsome and wide apart, are beauti- 
 fully placed ; his head, though not small, is bony, clean, and 
 handsome. His nostrils being large, the jawbone is uncommon- 
 ly wide, and the jaws wide apart, afibrding abundant room for 
 a clear and well detached throttle. His left eye full and mild, 
 though animated ; his right eye has lost its convexity from 
 disease ; * he has a noble countenance, indicating good temper 
 and disposition, for which he is remarkable. His neck rises well 
 from his shoulders, and joins his head admirably. His shoulder 
 
 « He has, since this was written, I regret to say, gone blind. — H. W. H. 
 
PEEFOEMANCES OF LEXINGTON". 307 
 
 lias a very wide bone, very strong, well displayed, particularly 
 oblique, and rises sufficiently high at the withers, without any 
 of that superfluous neck so frequently seen to surmount the 
 shoulders two or three inches, vrhich cannot add to power or 
 easy motion. His arms come out well from the body, are suf- 
 ficiently wide apart for a good chest, and are long, muscular, 
 and strong. His back of medium length, 'coupling pretty well 
 back, a loin wide, slightly arched and very powerful. His body 
 will bear the most rigid scrutiny — it looks perfection, being 
 ribbed in the best possible manner, and very deep throughout, 
 which makes his legs appear short, while at the same time he 
 has a great reach. His hips are not remarkably wide, though 
 strong, and in the sweep down to and embracing the hock, he 
 has rarely an equal. His feet though mostly white, are excel- 
 lent, as are his legs, with good bone, clear, strong tendons, and 
 good proportions, uniting in their motion great ease and cor- 
 rectness. His action cannot be surpassed ; bold, free, elastic, 
 and full of power ; and with his elegance of action, and a re- 
 markable racing-like form throughout, he unites great beauty 
 and grandeur. 
 
 The above description, taken from the New Orleans Daily 
 Picayune, is said to be strikingly correct ; while the portrait 
 accompanying these pages, engraved on steel by Mr. Duthle, 
 from an original lithograph published by Mr. Currier of this 
 city, with the authority and approbation of his owner. Mi-. 
 Tenbroeck, is admitted to be a very lifelike representation of 
 this truly high-finished racer, when in training to run. 
 
 I have recently seen another likeness by Mr. Troye, which 
 depicts him as a stouter, heavier-bodied, and shorter-legged ani- 
 mal than our picture, but I understand that it was taken when 
 he was fat and out at grass, which every hoi-seman knows has a 
 tendency to let down the belly and make the frame grosser and 
 more fleshy. The points, however, in both, so closely agree, 
 that the one portrait confirms and authenticates the other. 
 
 Up to the date of the remarkable contests of which a descrip- 
 tion immediately ensues, Lexington's performances were as 
 follows. 
 
308 THE HOESE. 
 
 PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON. 
 
 His first appearance was at Lexington, Kj., May 23d, 1853, 
 Association stake for 3 yr. olds, 20 subscribers, at $100 each, 
 $50 forfeit ; the Association to give to the winner silver plate 
 of the value of $100. Mile heats : — 
 
 E. WaifieUrs b. c. Darleij {Lexington), by Boston, dam Alice Carneal, by imp. Sarpedon, 
 
 3 years old, 11 
 
 John Harper's br. c. Wild Irishman, by imp. Glencoe, dam Mary Morris, ... 22 
 John Campbell's ch. f. Fi:/;iny J^«;r«, by imp. Glencoe, dam Cub, by Medoc, . . .48 
 
 .1. M. Clay's b. f. JIado?ina, by imp. Yorksbire, dam Magnolia, by Glencoe, ... 3 dist. 
 
 H. "W. Farris' ch. g. Castro, by imp. Glencoe, dam by Wagner, dist. 
 
 P. Mclntire's ch. f. , by imp. Glencoe, dam Tarico, by Sumpter, .... dist. 
 
 James K. Duke's ch. f. Blonde, by imp. Glencoe, dam sister to Tangent, by Wagner, . . dist. 
 
 K. P. Field's b. c. Jim Barton, by Grey Eagle, dam Ann Innis, by Eclipse, . . . dist. 
 
 Adams & Ford's ch. c. McGrath, by imp. Glencoe, dam by John Kichards, . . . dist. 
 
 James L. Bradley's b. c. Vandal, by imp. Glencoe, dam Alaric's dam, by imp. Tranby, dist. 
 
 F. G. Murphy &, Co.'s b. c. Big Bofiion, by Boston, dam Tranbyana, by imp. Tranby, . dist. 
 Taylor &, Bales ch. c. Garret Davis, by imp. Glencoe, dam Buford's dam, by Sir Leslie, dr. 
 
 Time 1.55^ — 1.57. Track very heavy, and raining. 
 A false start was made prior to the first heat, Madonna, Garret Davis, and Darley (Lexington), 
 ran two miles and three-quarters before they could be taken up. Darley leading. With consent 
 of the judges, Garret Davis was withdrawn. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., May 2Tth, 1853. Citizen's stake for 3 year 
 olds, seventeen subscribers, at $100 each, $50 forfeit ; the citi- 
 zens of Lexington giving the winner silver plate of the value of 
 $100. Two-mile heats .— 
 
 E. Warfield's b. c. Darley {Leamington), by Boston, dam Alice Carneal, by Sarpedon, .211 
 
 John Harper's ch. f. J/edica)/, by Boston, dam by Mingo, 12 2 
 
 Taylor & Eales ch. c. Garret Davis, by imp. Glencoe, dam Too Soon, by Sir Leslie, .438 
 J. M. Clay's ch. f. Margaret M'est, by imp. Yorkshire, dam Heraldry, by Herald, . 3 dist 
 
 li. P. Field's b. c. ilim Barton, by Giey Eagle, dam Ann Innis, by Eclipse, . . .5 dist. 
 J. K. Duke's ch. f. Blonde, by imp. Glencoe, dam sister to Tangent, by Wagner, . dist. 
 
 John Campbell's ch. f. , by Boston, dam Fanny Elssler, dist. 
 
 Time, 3.42^:3.41i— 3.49. 
 
 Ills first appearance, under his present name, was on the 
 Metairie Course, New Orleans, Dec. 2d, 1853, in a match-race, 
 on the following terras : — 
 
 Match for $8,500— $5,000 on Sally Waters against $;3,500 on Lexington. Three-mile heats, h. 8. 
 R. Ten Broeck's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal, by Sarpedon, 3 years. 1 1 
 L. Sniith's b. f. Sally Waters, by Imp. Glencoe, out of Maria Black, 4 years . . 2 dist. 
 Time, 6m. SSjS.— 6m. 24Js. Track heavy. 
 
 Sucli was the promising commencement of an extraordinary 
 career, which, for its short duration, has been unequalled in the 
 history of the American Turf. 
 
 His second appearance was in three-year-old stakes on the 
 Metairie Course, at Kew Orleans, January 7, 1854, two mile 
 
PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON. 309 
 
 heats, four subscribers, when he paid forfeit to Conrad the Cor- 
 sair, Argent, and Hornpipe. 
 
 On the 1st of April of the same year, and on the same course, 
 he started for the great State Post Stakes for all ages — 3 yr. olds, 
 86 pounds; 4 yr, olds, 100 pounds; 5 yr. olds, 110 pounds; 6 
 yr, olds, 118 pounds; 7 yrs. old, and upwards, 124 pounds; 
 allowing three pounds to mares and geldings. Four-mile heats. 
 
 ENTRIES STARTED FOR THE SWEEPSTAKES. 
 
 For Kentucky, b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal, by Imp. Sarpedon, 
 
 3 years old 11 
 
 For Mississippi, ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel, by Imp. Gleacoe, 3 yrs. . 2 2 
 For Alabama, ch. c. Highlander, by Imp. Glencoe, out of Castanet, by Imp. Monarch, 
 
 4 years old 3dist 
 
 For Louisiana, ch. g. Arrow, by Boston, out of Jeanneton, by Imp. Leviathan . , dist 
 
 This was the first taste of the quality of the noble rivals. 
 The course is stated to have been very heavy, and the time 
 made justifies the statement, as it gives no token for their sub- 
 sequent mighty achievements. 
 
 FIRST HEAT. SECOND HEAT. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 2.01 
 
 2d "... . 2.03 
 
 3d " 2.01J 
 
 4th " . . . . 2.04} 
 
 Time of first heat, . . . S.OSi 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 2.02 
 
 2d "... . 2.03} 
 
 " 3d " 1.59} 
 
 4th " . , . . 1.59 
 
 Time of second heat, . . . 8.04 
 
 The next appearance of the two rivals was on the 8tli day 
 of the same month, when they again came together, on the same 
 course, for the Jockey Club Purse, with a very dififerent rate of 
 going, and a different result. 
 
 Jockey Club Purse $2,000, all ages ; weight as above. 
 
 ENTRIES STARTED FOR THE PURSE. 
 
 T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel, by Imp. Glencoe, 3 years, carried 
 
 3 pounds overweight, 11 
 
 A. L. Bingaman's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal, by Imp. Sarpedon, 
 
 3 years, 2 2 
 
 Judge Hunter's ch. g. Reule, by Imp. Trustee, out of Minstrel, by Medoc, aged, . . 3 disL 
 
 This race was the fastest that at tliat time had ever been run, 
 and gave occasion to the long and eventful struffcrle which fol 
 lowed, as will be seen by the following record. 
 
310 THE HOKSE. 
 
 FIEST HEAT. SECOND HEAT. 
 
 Tlmo of 1st mile, .... 1.53 
 
 " 2d "... . 1.54 
 
 » 8d " 1.49* 
 
 « 4th "... . 1.49J 
 
 Time of first heat T.26 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 2.02 
 
 " 2d "... . 1.58 
 
 " 3d " 1.46 
 
 4th " . . . . 1.52} 
 
 Time of second heat, . . . T.SSJ 
 
 In the autumn of the same year, he paid forfeit at the Na- 
 tional Course, Long Island, not being at the ]S"orth at the time ; 
 but it was understood that Mr. Ten Broeck was still so confident 
 of his horse's qualities, tliat he was prepared to run him again 
 either against Lecomte, or against Lecomte's time, if his owner 
 should decline the contest ; and so great was the confidence of 
 the sporting world in that gentleman's excellent judgment, that, 
 in spite of the apparently desperate chance of beating such time 
 as Ym. 26s., many were found to back his opinion ; and in the 
 end found their advantage in the steadfastness of their faith. 
 
 BUMMAKT OF LEXINGTOn's PEEFOKMAUCES. 
 
 In 1S5.3, started three times; won three. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Association Stake, mile heats f 1,700 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Citizens' Stalie, two-mile heats 1,300 
 
 New Orleans, a match, Sallie Waters, three-mile heatt, 8,500 
 
 In 1S54, started twice, won once. 
 
 New Orleans, La., State Post Stake, four-mile heats 19,000 
 
 In 1855, started twice; won twice. 
 
 ?f ew Orleans, La., Time Match, four miles 20,000 
 
 New Orleans, La., Jockey Club Purse and Inside Stake, four-mile heats 6,000 
 
 Started 1 times, won 6. Total winnings $56,600 
 
 x\fter Lexington's last race with Lecomte, Mr. Ten Broeck 
 withdrew him from the turf, and he made his first season of 
 1855 at W. F. Harper's, Woodford Co., Ky., limited to 30 mares, 
 at $100 each, payable before the mare was served. He made 
 the season of 1856 at the same place, and upon the same terms. 
 During the month of June, 1856, the late R. A. Alexander went 
 to England to import a stallion, accompanied by Mr. Nelson 
 Dudley, of Fayette County, Ky. They purchased Scythian, and 
 then bought Lexington at $15,000 of Mr. Ten Broeck, who was 
 then in England — $7,500 cash, and the balance if Lexington was 
 living upon Mr, Alexander's arrival in America. He has stood 
 at Woodburn Stud Farm, Spring Station, Woodford County, 
 K}''., ever since. 
 
PERFORMANCES OF LEXINGTON. 311 
 
 We give some of the more noted of his get : — 
 
 Aiisel, Areola, Asteroid, Ba^'flower, Bayonet, Bertie Ward, 
 Daniel Boone, Donerail, Fanny Cheatham, Goodwood, Harry 
 of the AV^est, Idlewild, Jack Malone, Kentucky, Lancaster, Load- 
 stone, Lightning, Korfolk, Judge Curtis, Kingfisher, and Thun- 
 der. 
 
 By looking over the time of fast races given in another part 
 of this work, it will be seen that his sons and daughters have 
 the fastest time upon record. Judge Curtis, the best mile, 
 1.43J ; Lancaster, the best two-mile race, 3.35 J — 3.38| ; Nor- 
 folk, the best three-mile race, 5.27J — 5.29| ; and Idlewild, the 
 best heat at four miles, weight for age, 7.26|-. 
 
 Lexington stands pre-eminently the best race-horse, as he 
 does the greatest sire, that this country has ever produced. 
 Twenty years old this past spring, he looks fresh and vigorous, 
 and seems good for some years to come, and we hope he may bo 
 long spared to perpetuate his kind, and enrich the stock of the 
 country. 
 
PEDIGKEE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF LECOMTE. 
 
 Lecomte is by Boston out of Reel, by Glencoe, g. dam Gal 
 lopacle by Catton, g. gr. dam Camillina by Camillus, g. g. gr 
 dam by Smolensko, g. g. g, gr, dam Miss Canuon by Orville, 
 g. g. g. g. gr. dam Weathercock mare, g. g. g. g. g. gr. dam 
 Cora by Matcbem, Turk, Cub, AUwortliy, Starling, Bloody 
 Buttocks, Greyhound, Brocklesby Betty by Curwen Bay Barb, 
 Hobby Mare by Lister Turk. 
 
 Boston. — His pedigree in extenso is above, on page 276. 
 
 Glencoe. — His pedigree. Genealogy Ko. YI. 
 
 Catton was by Golumpus, dam Lucy Gray, by Timothy, gr 
 dam Lucy by Florizel, g. gr. dam Frenzy by Eclipse, g. g. gr. 
 dam by Engineer, g. g. g. gr. dam by Blank, g. g. g. g. gr. dam 
 Lass of the Mill by Traveller, Miss Makeless, &c. 
 
 Golumpus was by Gohanna, dam Catharine by Woodpecker, 
 Camilla by Trentham, &c. 
 
 Engineer was by Sampson, Y. Greyhound, Curwen's Bay 
 Barb. 
 
 Traveller was by Partner, Ahnanzor, Grey Hautboy, Make- 
 less, Brimmer. 
 
 Miss Makeless was by a son of Gre^^hound (out of Farewell), 
 her dam by Partner — Woodcock — Croft's Bay Barb — Makeless. 
 
 For Timoth^y, Florizel, Eclipse, Blank, Gohanna, &c., &c., 
 see Genealogies from No. I. to YH. 
 
 Camillus was by Hambletonian, dam Faith by Pacolet, gr. 
 dam Atalanta by Matchem, g. gr. dam Lass of the Mill by 
 
PEKFOEMANCES OF LECOMTE. 313 
 
 (>roonoko, g. g. gr. dam sister to Clark's Lass of the Mill, by 
 Traveller, out of Miss Makeless. 
 
 Pacolet was by Blank, darn Whiteneck by old Crab — Go- 
 dolphin Arabian — Con^-er's Arab — Curwen's Bay Barb — Mar- 
 slialTs Spot — Lowther ch. Barb —Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Ilarnbletonian was by King Fergus — HighHyer — Monimia, 
 by Matcliem— Alcides — Crab — Snap's dam, 
 
 Oroonoko was by Crab — Miss Slamerkin by Young True 
 Blue — Oxford Dun Arabian— Darcy Royal mare. 
 
 Smolensko was by Sorcerer, dam Wowski by Mentor, gr. 
 dam Waxy's dam by Herod, g. gr. dam Lisette by Snap, g. g. 
 gr. dam, Miss Windsor by the Godolphin Arabian, g. g. g. gr. 
 dam sister to Yoluntcer by Young Belgrade — Bartlett's Childers. 
 
 Sorcerer was by Trumpator, dam Young Giantess by Diomed — 
 Giantess by Matchem — Babraham — Cole's Foxhunter — Partner. 
 
 Mentor was by Justice, dam by Shakspeare— Miss Mere- 
 dith — Little Hartley mare. 
 
 Volunteer was by Young Belgrade— Bartlett's Childers — 
 Devonshire Arab — Curwen Bay Barb — Old Spot — Woodcock. 
 
 Young Belgrade was by the Belgrade Turk — Bay Bolton — 
 Scarborough mare. 
 
 Old Spot was by the Selaby Turk. 
 
 Woodcock, brother to Castaway, was by Merlin — son of 
 Brimmer. 
 
 Orville was by Beningborough, dam Evelina b_y Highflyer, 
 gr. dam Termagant by Tantrum, g. gr. dam b}' Sampson, g. g. 
 gr. dam by Regulus, g. g. g. gr. dam Marske's dam. 
 
 Weathercock was by Highflyer, dam Trinket by Matchem, 
 gr, dam Miss Elliot — Gimcrack's dam by Grisewood's Partner — 
 g. gr. dam Celia by Partner — Bloody Buttocks — Greyhound — 
 Brocklesby Betty, 
 
 Grisewood's Partner was by Partner, dam by Hutton's gray 
 Barb — ^Whynot — W^ilkinson Turk — ^Woodcock. 
 
 For all stallions not followed out to the end, see the Genea- 
 logical Tables, as above, from I. to YII. 
 
 It is to be observed here that the above, substituting English 
 Sovereign for Boston, is the pedigree of Prioress, who is half- 
 sister of Lecomte. 
 
314 THE nOKSE. 
 
 Lecomte is a rich chestnut, with white on one hind leg, 
 which reaches a little above the pastern joint. He stands fif- 
 teen hands three inches in height. Is in a tine racing form, 
 and well spread tln-oughout his frame, with such an abundance 
 of bone, tendon and muscle, that he would be a useful horse for 
 any purpose. His temper is excellent ; he is easily placed in a 
 race, and yet responds promptly to the extent of his ability. 
 He never tears himself and his jockey to pieces by attempting 
 to run away. His action is low, smooth, and easy. His stride 
 is about twenty-three feet, and he gets away from the score like 
 a quarter-horse. He has a constitution of iron, the appetite of 
 a lion, would eat sixteen quarts of feed if it was given to him, 
 and can stand as much work as a team of mules. In a word, 
 he has all the good points and qualities of both sire and dam, 
 without their defects ; consequently he is about as fine a speci- 
 men of a thoroughbred as can be found in this or any other 
 country. — Spirit of the Tifnes, Nov. 9, 1856. 
 
 PERFORMANCES OF LECOMTE. 
 
 This noble horse commenced his career one year earlier, 
 according to Southern dates, although in reality only one month 
 intervened between their starting. 
 
 Lecomte running in April as a two-year-old, previous to the 
 first of May, while in the May of the same year, 1853, Lexing- 
 ton ran as a three-year-old. 
 
 Lecomte's first dehut on the turf was for 
 
 The Sweepstakes, two-year-olds, colts 70 lbs., fillies 67 lbs., nine Subscribers, $500, $200 ft. Mile 
 heats. 
 
 T. J. "Wells' ch. c Lecomte, by Boston out of Keel, 11 
 
 W. J. Minor's ch. c. by Voucher out of Lady Jane, S 2 
 
 I. A. Grinstead's ch. c. Argent, by Glencoe out of Picayune, ....... 5 3 
 
 J. G. Boswell's ch. g. by Boston out of Minerva Anderson — carried 9 lbs. overweight, . 2 4 
 
 J. M. Clay's Zero, by Boston out of Zenobia, 4 dst 
 
 The others paid forfeit— Zero's rider fell. 
 
 Time, 1. 48J.— 1. 45*. 
 
 Subsequently on ISTov. 25th, of the same year, at the Phar- 
 salia Course, Natchez, Mississippi, he won the three-year-old 
 Sweepstakes, as below. 
 
PEKFOEMANCES OF LECOMTB. 315 
 
 Sweepstakes for three-year-olds, colts 8G lbs., fillies 83 lbs., sis subscribers at $400 each, $100 forfeit. 
 Two-mile heats. 
 
 T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 11 
 
 A. L. Bingaraan's br. f. Atala, by Euffin, out of Arraline by "W. Leviathan, . . . .22 
 W. J. Minor's ch. g. Conrad the Corsair, by Voucher out of Lady Jane by Leviathan, . 8 dst 
 
 Time, SA^.—SA&i. 
 
 These two victories summed his performances for his first 
 year, and he stood as yet unbeaten. 
 
 In the following spring, he opened his campaign on the Me- 
 tairie Course, ISTew Orleans, in the year 1854. 
 
 January 6th.— Sweepstakes for three-year-olds, colts 86 lbs. fillies 83 lbs., three subscribers, at $300 
 each, $100 ft. Mile heats. 
 
 T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 11 
 
 D. F. Kenner's gr. f. by Imp. Glencoe out of Sally Ward, 2 2 
 
 W. J. Minor's ch. g. by Voucher out of Lady Jane, paid forfeit. 
 
 Time, 1.47—1.47. 
 
 Again on January 12th he started for 
 
 The Jockey Club Purse, $400, for all ages, 3 year-olds, 86 lbs., 4—100 lbs., 5—110 lbs., 6—118 lbs., 
 7 and upwards 124 lbs., allowing mares and geldings 8 lbs. 
 
 T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 3 years, 11 
 
 W. J. Minor's d. g. Mary Taylor, by Imp. Sovereign out of Clara Howard, 4 years, . .32 
 A. L. Bingaman's ch. g. Joe Blackburn, by Imp. Glencoe, dam by Frank, 3 years, . .48 
 
 D. F. Kenner's b. f. Medina, by Imp. Sovereign out of Flight, 4 years 2 dst 
 
 Time, 3. 54^.— 3 52i/ 
 
 At the same meeting, on "Wednesday 19th, he again ran for 
 the purse $300, for all ages, weiglit as above, two-mile heats. 
 
 T. J. Wells' Lecomte, by Boston out of Eeel, 3 years, 11 
 
 T. C. Waple's ch. c. ty Gallatin out of Imp. Cora, 3 years, 2 2 
 
 Time, 8.44|.— 3.5«. 
 
 On the first of April following, he was beaten in the Great 
 Stake, Post Stake for all ages, four-mile heats, by Lexington, as 
 has been related above at p. 307, in 8.08f . — 8.04. Arrow and 
 Highlander being distanced — the former in the first, the latter 
 in the second heat. 
 
 Nothing daunted, liowever, by this, his first reverse, he, on 
 the seventh day following — see page 308 — turned the tables on 
 his conqueror, opening the eyes of the world by the unequalled 
 time for two four-mile heats of Y.26 — 7.38|. 
 
 He thus beat Fashion's time, hitherto the fastest on record, in 
 the first heat by 6|., in the second heat by 6^ seconds, and doing 
 what had certainly never been accomplished before, within the 
 annals of " recorded time." 
 
316 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 Lexington did not start again during tliis year, but, in the 
 autumn, Lecomte ran on the Pharsalia Course at ISTatcliez, Mis- 
 sissippi. 
 
 "Wednesday, Nov. 15th, Association purse, $400, ent 10 per cent, added, for all ages— 3 year olds 86 
 lbs.— 4, 100 lbs.— 5, 110 lbs.— 6, 118 lbs.— 7 and upwards, 124 lbs.— 3 lbs. allowed to mares and geld- 
 ings. Two-mile heats. 
 
 T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte by Boston out of Reel, 11 
 
 A. L. Bingaman's ch. c. Joe Blackburn by Glencoe. dam by Frank, 2 2 
 
 Time 3.47i— 3.4Ci. 
 
 Tliree days after tins he walked over the course for the As- 
 sociation of four-mile heats, and on the 5th of December follow- 
 ing wound np his glorious campaign, by carrying off the Jockey 
 Club purse on the Metairie Course, for all ages. 
 
 Tuesday, Dec. 5th. Jockey Club purse, $400, ent. 10 per cent, added, for all ages— 3 years old, 80 
 lbs.— 4, 100 lbs.— 5, 110 lbs.— 6, US lbs.— 7 and upwards, 124 lbs.— allowing 3 lbs. to mares and 
 geldings. Two-mile heats. 
 
 T. J. "Wells' ch. c. Lecomte by Boston out of Eeol, 4 years, 11 
 
 A. G. Lecomte's ch. g. Gallatina by Gallatin out of Eliza Mills, 3 years, . . . .22 
 A. L. Bingaman's ch. g. Joe Blackburn by Glencoe, dam by Frank, 2 8 
 
 FiEST Heat. 
 
 Time of First mile, . 
 " " Second mile, 
 
 Time of First Heat, . 
 
 M. 8. 
 
 1 58 
 
 1 58 
 
 3 56 
 
 Second Heat. 
 
 Time of First mile, 
 " " Second mile, 
 
 Time of Second Heat, 
 
 M. B. 
 
 1 55 
 1 57i 
 
 3 52i 
 
 No more extraordinary campaign, in point of time, had ever 
 been made in the United States, if elsewhere, and at its termi- 
 nation Lecomte had a right to repose on his laurels, with the 
 renown which his friends challenged for him, as of right, of 
 being the fastest four-miler in the world. 
 
 Still the friends of Lexington, and he lacked not a host of 
 them, were in no sort dismayed, but asserted that he could do 
 better than he had done, yea ! better than Lecomte himself, 
 and held themselves in readiness in the coming year, 1855, to 
 " put it to the touch, to win or lose it all.'' 
 
THE GEEAT CONTEST 
 
 OF 
 
 LECOMTE AND LEXINGTON. 
 
 THE FIRST EVENT. 
 
 THE FASTEST TIME ON EECOED ! EOUE-MILE HEATS IN 7.26— T.S8 3-4. 
 
 " The fashion of tliis world passetli away," saitli the good 
 book ; and we have a new illustration of it furnished us uy the 
 events of yesterday's race on the Metairie Course, Fashion's 
 7.321 and 7.45, on Long Island, in 1842, and George Martin's 
 7.33 and 7.43, here, in 1843, the two best races that have ever 
 been run, having been signally beaten by the winner of the 
 day. Where is Eclipse now ? exclaimed Young America, when 
 Fashion beat Boston, in five seconds less time than was made 
 by the conqueror of Henry. Where is Fashion now ? we, in 
 our turn, demand, as we see her beaten, in six seconds and a 
 half less time than her own. 
 
 Ti'uly, we live in a progressive age, and what we are coming 
 to, who can tell? 
 
 During the week past, the question had been repeatedly 
 asked, if any of the contestants in the late State Stake-race 
 would run again during the present season. A feverish excite- 
 ment pervaded the community in view of such a possible event, 
 and the conviction was freely expressed that if it were to come 
 off, Lexington would be likely to have his well-won laurels 
 cropped, if not to lose them entirely. A contest between Lexing- 
 ton and Lecomte was freely talked of as a thing that must be ; 
 
318 THE irOESE. 
 
 and wlien, on Friday evening, it was announced on the course 
 that an arrangement to that effect had been made, and that the 
 next day would see its consummation, the news spread electri- 
 cally, and we found ourselves again in the midst of an excite- 
 ment, of course. 
 
 Every thing was in favor of the prospect for sport. The track 
 was in tij^-top order, confessedly. The day rose fair, and con- 
 tinued so. The ride to the course was delightful. Every thing 
 seemed to favor the occasion. From an early hour to a late 
 one, all the roads were filled by travellers, availing themselves 
 of every kind and description of locomotion. Every thing, from 
 a dray to a four-in-hand, was in requisition, and they who were 
 " too late for the wagon," walked. Fully ten thousand people 
 must have been present on the stands and in the field. Tlie 
 sight was truly animating. The ladies, as upon the former great 
 occasion, made a goodly show on the stands appropriated to 
 them by the gallantry of the Club, and added no little to the 
 pleasure of the day. Betting, which was by no means slow in 
 any part of the course, ran amusingly high in this department 
 of it, and we saw many anti-Lecomte bets most cheerfully and 
 smilingly paid by laughing losers, while many musical remind- 
 ers that Lexington had lost, suggested to as many overtaken 
 gentlemen that ^^ place aux dames'^ should be their motto in 
 settling their books. We grieve to say that Lexington, by the 
 by, proved to be the favorite to a great extent among the ladies, 
 who, we will do them the credit to say, paid up with most com- 
 mendable promptness ; so far as they could do so on the field. 
 Of the gloves, and handkerchiefs, and other pretty trifles, which 
 they wagered, we, of course, can not speak with equal con- 
 fidence. 
 
 The race, of which we give below a detailed account, was 
 indeed an exciting one. Since the races we have alluded to as 
 hitherto among the greatest that have been run, there has 
 been nothing like it ; and in all its incidents, from the start to 
 the victory, it will always be remembered as pre-eminently the 
 greatest four-mile race on record. 
 
 The betting was extremely heavy ; still it was less than on 
 the last week's race, as there were not so many strangers in town, 
 and money had not been sent here from abroad to be invested 
 
LEXINGTON AND LECOMTE, 319 
 
 on the side of anj favorite. Before leaving the city, Lexington 
 was the favorite, at even money, against the field ; but a few 
 minutes before the race, we witnessed some transactions in 
 which Lexington was backed at 100 to 80 against the field, or 
 100 to 60 against Lecomte. Much money was risked on time, 
 but the lowest time that we could hear of being marked was 
 7: 32. 
 
 So far as we could judge, the horses all appeared to be in 
 excellent condition, and " eager for the fray," as they moved to 
 and fro before the stands, to the admiration of the anxious 
 thousands. 
 
 The drum taps ; and horses dash off with a rush for the first 
 heat, and on passing the first turn, Lecomte led, Lexington 
 being second, and Reube trailing behind, but at as fast a gait 
 and as bold a stride as he could well accomplish. Their position 
 did not vary for nearly three miles, although the j^ace increased ; 
 the space between the horses at times increasing and diminish- 
 ing, Lexington several times making a brush to take the lead, 
 but Lecomte increasing his speed to prevent it. On entering 
 the fourth mile, and on the back stretch of it, Lexington partially 
 closed the gap that Lecomte had opened on him, and attempted 
 to outfoot him. The attempt was immense, and elicited the 
 loudest encomiums of Lexington's friends and backers ; but it 
 was ineflfectual. The spur was freely used to induce him to do 
 what his friends claimed for him, that he was the fastest horse 
 in the world at a brush ; but Lecomte batfled all his efforts, 
 kept the lead and won the heat, amid deafening shouts, by six 
 lengths, in much the quickest time ever made in the world — 
 7: 26! 
 
 If the result of the heat induced great shouting, the announce- 
 ment of the time produced still more clamorous demonstrations 
 of delight. All knew that the heat was very fast, but each one 
 of the hundred persons who held watches could scarcely believe 
 their own time, until the judges announced it officially. 
 
 During the great excitement which was concentrated on the 
 two contending horses, Eeube had almost been lost sight of, 
 but he came home at a high rate of speed, making the best heat 
 by far that he ever made in his life ; although, as the red flag 
 descended, he barely escaped being caught behind it. 
 
320 THE HORSE. 
 
 Lexington soon after the heat appeared much distressed, as 
 he had evidently been hard driven nearly the whole distance ; 
 but he recovered well during the recess. Reube also, to appear- 
 ance, after the heat, showed evident symptoms that he liad 
 been running a harder race than he liked. Lecomte, who to all 
 appearance had run much more at his ease, and with less effort 
 than his competitors, not having been spurred during the heat, 
 was but little distressed, considering the great time and the heat 
 of the day. 
 
 The betting was changed about immediately, not less from 
 the result of the previous heat, than from the great apparent 
 exertion that Lexington had made while running, and the 
 aspect and condition of the horses after the heat. Eeube's 
 chance was considered hopeless, with two such competitors 
 against him. Most of the bets now made were for the purjjose 
 of hedging, and Lecomte was the favorite at 100 to 40 against 
 the field. 
 
 Each horse came up for the second heat with crest erect, 
 and with a defiant demeanor cast proud glances from fierce 
 eyes, determined apparently to win or die. Lexington, this 
 time, led the way from the score, for nearly two miles, by about 
 two lengths ; when on coming down the stretch and passing the 
 stands to enter on the third mile, Lecomte, who had been bottled 
 up, commenced his great brush, overhauled Lexington, and 
 passed him. Both now did their best, and the third mile was 
 a constant strife throughout, for the lead, and the quickest in 
 the race, being run in 1 : 46 ; but Lecomte, although so hard 
 piished, never wavered, but ran evenly and steadily along about 
 two lengths ahead. On the first turn of the fourth mile, Lex- 
 ington, who at that point was nearly up to his rival, for a 
 moment gave back and lost his stride, but he at once recovered 
 it, and pushed on with vigor, but with evidently great eft'ort. 
 All was of no use, for Lecomte came home a winner by four 
 lengths, in the astonishing time of 7 : 38f , distancing Reube. 
 
 The long ]3ent-up feelings of the nearly frenzied thousands, 
 who for some time had been almost breathless, now found vent, 
 and all, losers as well as winners, ladies as well as gentlemen, 
 shouted and applauded the magnificent contest, the glorious 
 result, and the gallant winner. AVe yesterday wrote and pub- 
 
LEXINGTON AND LECOMPTE. 321 
 
 lislied concerning this race, " We look to-day for a race, which 
 for time and a close contest, can be matched against any ever 
 run." That prediction has been more than fulfilled, tlie race 
 not only matching, but far exceeding any of the fleetest of them 
 in regard to time. 
 
 For more than twenty years, the race of Eclipse and Henry, 
 over the Union Course, Long Island, on the 27th of May, 1823, 
 was the quickest on record. The shortest heat in that race was 
 7 : 37-^. In Fashion's race with Boston, over the Union Course, 
 Long Island, May 10, 1842, the time was 7 : 32| — 7 : 45. George 
 Martin's fast race was run in this city, on the 29th of March, 
 1843, and the time was 7 : 33 — 7 : 43. It is a remarkable fact, 
 as Lecorate is by Boston out of Heel, that his sire should have 
 run in the quickest race of Fashion, and his dam Heel should, 
 on December 11, 1841, have won a race in this city, the time 
 of which was 7 : 40 — 7 : 43. 
 
 The subject is so fruitful of speculations in regard to time 
 and blood, that we must rein in our pen to suit our space, well 
 satisfied that we have witnessed the best race, in all respects, 
 that was ever run, and that Lecomte stands proudly before 
 the world, as the best race-horse ever produced on the Turf. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Saturday, April 8 — Jockey Club Purse, $2,000, for all ages, weights as above. Four-milo heats. 
 T. J. Wells' eh. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Eeel by Imp. Glencoe, 3 yrs. — carried 31 
 
 pounds overweight — Abe 11 
 
 A. L. Bingaman's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal by Imp. Sarpedon, 
 
 4 yrs. — Henry Meichon 2 2 
 
 Judge Hunter's ch. g. Reube, by Imp. Trustee out of Minstrel by Medoc, aged. — John 
 
 Ford 3 dist 
 
 FiEST Heat. Secoitd Heat. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 1.53 I Time of 1st mile, .... 2.03 
 
 Time of 2d mile, .... 1.54 | Time of 2d mile, . . . 1.58 
 
 Time of 3d mile, .... 1.49* I Time of 3d mile, .... 1.46 
 
 Time of 4th mile, .... 1.49i | Time of 4th mile, . . . 1.52i 
 
 Time of 1st heat, . . . T.26 [ Time of 2d heat, . . . 7.3&} 
 
 New Orleans Picayune. 
 
 After Lecomte was beaten by Lexington in 7.23|, he ran 
 the following races ; — 
 
 Natchez, Miss., Phitrsalia Course, Saturday, November IT, 1835— Association Purse, .$800, and 10 per 
 cent, added, for all ages. Four-mile heats. 
 
 Vol. I.— 21 ^ 
 
322 THE HORSE. 
 
 W. J. Merioi-'s (T. J. Wells) oh. h. Lecotnte, 5 yrs., by Boston, out of Reel, by imp. Glen- 
 
 coe, 110 pounds, 11 
 
 A. L. Benjfiinan's cli. g. Arrow, 6 yrs., by Boston, out of Je.iunette:iu, by imp. Leviathan, 
 
 118 pounds, 2 2 
 
 Time, 7.55i— 7.5CJ. 
 New Orleans, La., Metairic Course, Wednesday, December 5, 1855— Jockey Club Purse, $500, for 
 
 all afres. Three-mile heats. 
 A. L. Benjaman's (R. Ten Broeck's) ch. g. Arrow, 6 yrs. old, by Boston, out of Jeannnet- 
 
 teau, by imp. Leviathan, 211 
 
 W. J. Minor (Thomas J. Wells) ch. h. Leoointe, 5 yrs. old, by Boston, out of Reel, by imp. 
 
 Glencoe, 122 
 
 Time, 6.00—5.59—6.03. 
 Same meeting, Saturday, December 8— Jockey Club Purse, $700, for all ages. Four-mile heats 
 W. J. Minor (Thomas J. Wells) ch. h. Lecomte, by Boston, dam Reel, 5 yrs. old. Walked over. 
 Natchez, Miss., Pharsalia Course, Saturday, March 15, 1856— Association Purse, $S00, for all ages, 
 
 Club weights. Four-mile heats. 
 A. L. Benjaman's (R. Ten Broeck) ch. c. Fryor, Z yrs. old, by imp. Glencoe, out of Gip- 
 
 sey, by Eclipse, 11 
 
 Thomas J. Wells ch. h. Zeco??i;^, 5 yrs. old, by Boston, out of Reel, by imp. Glencoe, . 2 2 
 
 Time, 7.47—7.44}. 
 New Orleans, La., Metairie Course, Friday, April IS, 1856 — Purse $500, for all ages, Club weights. 
 
 Three-mile heats. 
 A. L. Benjaman's (R. Ten Broeck) ch. c. Pryor, 3 yrs. old. Pedigree above, . . .311 
 
 Thomas J. Wells ch. h. Lecomte, 5 yrs. old. Pedigree above, 1 2 S 
 
 D. F. Kennors c. f. Mennow, 3 yrs. old, by Voucher, out of Dolphin, by imp. Leviathan, 2 8 2 
 
 Time, 5.58|— 5.591— 6.12. 
 
 After this race, Lecomte was purchased by Kicliard Ten 
 Broeck, Esq., for $10,000, and was sent to Kentucky, where he 
 covered a few mares ; Umpire, out of Alice Carneal, and Sher- 
 rod, out of Picayune, the most distinguished of his get. Le- 
 comte, Pryor, and Prioress, a half-sister to Lecomte, were brought 
 to New York with a view of taking them to England, for which 
 they embarked on the 12th of July, 1856. Lecomte only started 
 once in England, and that was for the Warwick Cup, 1857, won 
 by Fisherman, Oakball second, Lecomte third. Three started. 
 Lecomte died of colic, on the 7th of October, 1857. 
 
THE GKEAT MATCH vs. TIME. 
 
 THE SECOND EVENT. 
 
 The Match against Time, which came off over the Metairie 
 Course, New Orleans, is of such an extraordinary character, and 
 so astounding in its result, that we devote to it all the space 
 at our command. That all may be fully " posted up," we give 
 the original challenge from the owner of Lexington, and place 
 on record the whole facts relating to the match 
 
 CHALLENGE FKOM LEXINGTON. 
 
 "We have great pleasure in giving to the sporting world the 
 subjoined note from the owner of Lexington. 
 
 To THE Editor of the " Spmn of the Times." — Although the 
 mistake made by the rider of Lexington, in pulling up at the 
 end of three miles, in the recent fast four-mile race at New 
 Orleans, was witnessed by thousands of persons, I believe it has 
 not been referred to in print, except in the last number of your 
 paper. As Lexington will probably follow the fashion in making 
 a foreign tour, I propose the following as his valedictory. I will 
 run him a single four miles over the Metairie Course, at New 
 Orleans, under the rules of the Club, against the fastest time at 
 four miles that has been run in America, for the sum of ten 
 thousand dollars — one fourth forfeit. Two trials to be allowed, 
 
324 THE H0E8E. 
 
 and the race to bo run between the 1st and 15th of April next. 
 Arrow to be substituted if Lexington is amiss. 
 
 Or, I will run Lexington over the same course, four-mile 
 heats, on the Thursday previous to the next Metairie April 
 meeting, against any named horse, at the rate expressed in the 
 proposition subjoined. 
 
 Or, I will run him over the Union Course, at New York, the 
 same distance, on the third Tuesday in October. Tlie party 
 accepting the last race to receive twenty-five thousand dollars 
 to twenty thousand dollars, or to bet the same odds if Lexington 
 travels to run at ISTew Orleans. The forfeit to be five thousand 
 dollars, and to be deposited with Messrs. Coleman & Stetson, 
 of the Astor House, when either race is accepted. If the amounts 
 of the last propositions are too large, they may be reduced one- 
 half, with forfeit in the same proportion. The first acceptance 
 coming to hand will be valid — subsequent ones declined ; and 
 none received after the commencement of the races at the 
 National Course, New York, the 26th of next month. 
 
 E. Ten Bkoeck. 
 New York, May 30, 1854. 
 
 The match vs. time, ofi'ered above, was accepted, and notifi- 
 cation made in the " Spirit of the Times," of the ITtli June, as 
 annexed. 
 
 Lexington's challenge against time accepted. 
 
 "We had the pleasure to publish exclusively, in this journal 
 of the 3d of June, one of the most extraordinary and interesting 
 challenges — or, rather, series of challenges — ever made in the 
 United States, one of which has been accepted. The challenge 
 referred to was as above. 
 
 The forfeit has been deposited with our friends Messrs. Cole- 
 man & Stetson, of the Astor House, in this city. The gentlemen 
 acceptors of the challenge are Col. Calvin Green and Capt. John 
 Belcher, of Virginia, two gentlemen well known in sporting 
 circles. No match against time, of such interest, has ever 
 occurred in this country. Time is " a mighty good horse " to 
 bet on, but we " have our doubts ! " 
 
 It will be seen by the challenge from the owner of Lexing- 
 
SPECULATION ON THE MATCH. 325 
 
 ton, quoted above, that this journal was the first to allude to the 
 fact that Lexington was pulled up at the finish of his third mile 
 in the second heat of his second race with Lecomte. "Whether 
 Lexington could have beaten Lecomte in that race is another 
 matter. " Doctors differ ! " It was our expressed opinion that 
 if Lexington had been ridden in the second heat by the jockey 
 engaged for him, the result might possibly have been different. 
 Por the expression of this opinion, we have been most grossly 
 abused by three correspondents of the ISTew Orleans press ever 
 since. Much good may it do them. We " let them up light." 
 Lecomte, a son of Boston and Reel, could naturally be " nothing 
 but a good 'un." We never had a doubt of his immense turn 
 of speed, or of his thorough game. His sire was the best race- 
 horse, barring an infirmity of temper, and his dam second to 
 none, save Fashion, that ever gloriously illustrated the fact that 
 " BLOOD WILL TELL ! " Their performances and triumphs will 
 live in the annals of the turf, as of those " high-mettled racers," 
 Flying Childers and English Eclipse, to which, in our humble 
 judgment, they were not inferior. 
 
 Before entering into the reports and details of the match, 
 we have thought it would not be uninteresting to our readers to 
 have the speculations of two New Orleans daily papers — sup- 
 posed to be well advised — on the morning before the race. 
 
 We quote from the " Picayune," of the 1st instant. 
 
 The most remarkable racing event of modern times, and 
 indeed of all time, will come off to-morrow over the Metairie 
 Course, should the weather prove favorable up to the time of 
 starting, which is announced for half past three o'clock, p. m. 
 
 Lexington, a son of the world-renowned Boston, is matched 
 to perform a feat which he has never yet performed, whicli 
 Lecomte accomplished under perhaps the most favorable cir- 
 cumstances of good order of the course, fine weather, balmy 
 atmosphere, and his excellent condition. 
 
 We learn that a gentleman representing the Yirginia party 
 arrived in this city a few days ago, invested with plenary 
 powers. The judges and timers have been appointed, and a 
 better selection could not have been made than in his Excellency 
 Gov. P. O. Hebert, Gen. S. W. Westmore, and John G. Cocks, 
 Esq., the President of the Club, as judges, and Hon. D. F. 
 
326 THE H0K8E. 
 
 Kenner, Capt. "W". J. Minor, and Stephen D. Elliott, as 
 timers. 
 
 It is agreed between the parties, that Lexington may be 
 accompanied in his trial by a horse or horses, and that any 
 changes of horses may be made that circumstances render 
 necessary. This will, of course, increase the interest of the 
 scene, and give it the appearance of a regular contest. 
 
 Although the time, at four miles, made by Lecomte in his 
 contest with Lexington, is the point which the latter has to 
 reach upon the present occasion — namely, Y : 26 — it may not 
 be out of place to note the best time made by other horses of 
 renown in the day of their supremacy upon the turf. Of these 
 may be named Henry, 7 : 37^ ; Grey Medoc and Altorf, dead 
 heat, 7 : 35 ; Boston, the fastest heat he ever ran and won, 7 : 40 ; 
 Fashion, 7 : 32|- ; Miss Foot, second heat, 7 : 35 ; George Mar- 
 tin, with Reel, the dam of Lecomte, in which heat she broke 
 down, 7 : 33 ; Free Trade, 7 : 33. Eeube, the winner of many 
 races, and an aged horse, did that which has not yet been sur- 
 passed ; he ran and won a heat, with all his proper weight, at 
 his ease, in 7 : 40 ! "We could name many others in this con- 
 nection, but these will suffice. We incline to the opinion that 
 time alone is but at best a fallacious test of the superiority of a 
 race-horse, unless, as in this instance, it beats the best ever 
 made. 
 
 It would have been no easy matter, during the lifetime of 
 Col. "W"m. E.. Johnson, the well-named " Napoleon of the Turf," 
 to convince him that his favorite mare. Reality, the grandam 
 of the renowned Fashion, could not have beaten all the horses 
 that appeared upon the American Turf in his day ; and yet in 
 her palmy days no remarkable time was recorded. Her only 
 record is superiority over those of her day. 
 
 There are so many contingent circumstances, which may be 
 connected with the success of this unexampled exploit, any one 
 of which might turn to tide against the horse, that it will require 
 more than an ordinary degree of judgment, and we might almost 
 say foresight, to take advantage of them at the moment. " Time 
 waits for no man," nor horse. The all-important aid of brilliant 
 sky, balmy southern breeze, elastic, smooth course, and tlio 
 unexceptionable condition of the horse, must all be brought to 
 
THE MATCH. 337 
 
 bear in his behalf, to insure success. That all these attributes 
 may operate favorably, is our fervent wish. 
 
 The temerity of Lexington's owner in sending this challenge 
 to the world, in the face of a recent defeat, when the unparal- 
 leled time of 7 : 26 was made, forms an event in the annals of 
 the American Turf, which time cannot obliterate. 
 
 Should success attend the effort, he will have the proud 
 satisfaction of j)ossessing the champion of America. 
 
 The annexed paragraphs are from the " Daily Crescent," of 
 the same morning. 
 
 THE GREAT MATCH AGAE^ST TIME. 
 
 The day has at last arrived, and also the horse, when a wager 
 not equalled in audacity, and an effort never before attempted, 
 in this country or any other, will come off. Lexington, the 
 renowned hero of the Great Post Stake Race, is to try and sur- 
 pass the unequalled time made by Lecomte a few days after — 
 to mark, on the racing calendar, figures below Y : 26. The con- 
 fidence of Mr. Ten Broeck in his horse must certainly be very 
 considerable, to induce him to put up $10,000 on accomplishing 
 what no other horse has ever accomplished, and surpassing the 
 best time the turf has ever known. He is exj^erienced, however, 
 as a turfman, and as apt as any other to form a correct judg- 
 ment. Many of the most knowing turfmen have come round 
 to his opinion and endorsed his expectations. " A Young Turf- 
 man"' — well known in the columns of the " Spirit of the Times," 
 and in the racing fraternity of this city — says in the last number 
 of the " Spirit," that " to enable Lexington to win, there must 
 be a number of concurring favorable circumstances ; his condi- 
 tion must be perfect, he must be ridden with the greatest skill, 
 track and day must be most favorable." We believe Lexington 
 will win his match against time, and still we don't think he will 
 beat Lecomte. 
 
 Notwithstanding the high authorities in favor of the horse's 
 winning — to which may be added the able writer on racing 
 matters in the " Picayune" — we dift^n- from them all, and hold 
 it improbable that the best time ever made is to be beaten, 
 
328 THE HORSE. 
 
 except under very extraordinary circumstances. Tliat which 
 has been done may be done again, but it is not equally clear 
 that the best that has ever been done may be excelled. It will 
 take an extraordinary animal to come up to 7 : 26, and a little 
 more extraordinary one to cut under it. The day has, however, 
 arrived, and all doubts of opinion will be settled ere sunset. 
 We assuredly hope that Lexington will be successful, and earn 
 , new honors for Boston and Metairie. Hegira's 3 : 34^, Berry's 
 3 : 36i-, Little Flea's 5 : 33|, and Lecomte's Y : 26, all done in 
 "New Orleans, beat the world. We can only run against our 
 own time now. 
 
 We understand that the track is in excellent order and the 
 liorse in fine condition. The day promises to be propitious, and 
 the attendance is sure to be large. The champion will have a 
 fresh nag started out on each mile to keep up his ambition, 
 which will increase the interest of the sport. We will record 
 the result to-morrow morning. 
 
 THE KACE ITSELF. 
 From the Nero Orleans " Picat/une," of April 3. 
 
 Tlie most brilliant event in the sporting annals of the Amer- 
 ican Turf, giving, as it has, the palm to the renowned Lexington, 
 came off yesterday over the Metairie Course, and its result 
 greatly surpassed the most ardent hopes and enthusiastic ex- 
 pectations of the friends of the winner, and the lovers of the turf 
 sports. 
 
 The day was the loveliest of the whole season. As the hour 
 appointed for the great contest approached, the town was all 
 astir with the excitement incident to the occasion. Vehicles of 
 all sorts were in requisition, and our beautiful level Shell Roads* 
 were filled with them from the last paving-stone to the gates of 
 the course. The displays in equitation during that busy part 
 of the day, which may be defined as " going to the races," were 
 almost as amusing and exciting as the greater event, for wit- 
 nessing which so many thousands were intent. 
 
 The judges selected for the occasion were Gen. Stephen M. 
 Westmore, upon the part of the Virginia gentlemen ; Arnold 
 
AGAINST xms. 329 
 
 Harris, Esq., for Mr. Ten Broeck, and John G. Cocks, Esq., the 
 President of the Metairie Jockey Club, as umpire. 
 
 The timers were the Hon. Duncan F. Kenner, Capt. "Wm. J. 
 Minor, and Stephen D. Elliott, Esq. 
 
 It being the first event of the season, there was the usual 
 bustle at the gates, the distribution of the members' badges and 
 tlie strangers' badges, the admissions to the different stands, 
 and, from the character of the event, an unusual rush of car- 
 riages, cabs, buggies, wagons, saddle-horses, and foot-passengers ; 
 and by three o'clock the course presented a most brilliant ap- 
 pearance. There were representatives of every section of the 
 country, and almost every State in the Union, and among them 
 we were happy to see a goodly show of the fairer portion of 
 creation. 
 
 The field inside the course presented a most animated appear- 
 ance, and the feeling in favor of the gallant Lexington was 
 general and decided ; and, as the predestined hero of the day 
 appeared upon the course — in company with his stable com- 
 panions, who were to be partners for a time in his toils, his 
 feelings, and his fame — his bold, reaching, and elastic step, his 
 unequalled condition, and his fearless, defiant look — conscious 
 of superiority and of victory — gave strength to his backers that 
 all was as it should be. 
 
 Of the temerity of his backer and owner, Mr. Eichard Ten 
 Broeck, in standing before the world bidding defiance to all the 
 previous performances ever marked by horse, we have before 
 spoken as our feelings dictated, and his extraordinary self-reli- 
 ance, based upon well-directed judgment and sound sense, can- 
 not fail to place him in the estimation of true sportsmen as the 
 leader of the host. He knew he had an animal of unflinching 
 game, coupled with lightning speed, and bravely did his gallant 
 ally respond to his call. 
 
 The betting was large. Lexington's appearance made him 
 a favorite, and before starting it was firm at 100 to To against 
 Time, and but few takers. The greater portion of the betting 
 had been done in town, and there were but few left who dared 
 to brave the lion in his lair. 
 
 The conflicting opinions which had been generally expressed 
 in regard to the terms of the match, and of its mode of perform- 
 
330 THE H0E8E. 
 
 ance, caused a very general excitement, each party in turn 
 expressing his views as to the right of the points discussed ; 
 namely, that of allowing horses to start with Lexington, to urge 
 him to an increased speed, and the propriety of giving the horse 
 a running start. 
 
 The judges, however, ended the matter by deciding that he 
 could do both. 
 
 The decision gave very general satisfaction. 
 
 Gil Patrick, upon Lexington, now prepared for action, and 
 as he started up the stretch upon his proud courser, to do that 
 which no other horse had ever attempted, the man and horse 
 formed a beautiful and perfect picture. He turned him around 
 just below the drawgates, and as he reached the judges' stand, 
 when the drum tapped, he was at the pace which it was intended 
 he should run. To our mind, he was run too fast the first mile, 
 which he accomplished in 1 : 47^ — the first half mile in fifty- 
 three seconds. Upon reaching the stand, it was intimated to 
 him to go slower, which he did. 
 
 Joe Blackburn was started behind him at the begiiming of 
 the first mile, but the respectful distance he kept in his rear 
 must certainly have done him an injury rather than a benefit, 
 for at no time was he near enough for Lexington to hear the 
 sound of his hoofs. 
 
 The pace in the second mile visibly decreased ; Arrow, who 
 was started before its commencement, waiting about thirty 
 yards behind Lexington. Li the third mile Arrow closed the 
 gap, and Lexington, hearing him, was a little more anxious, 
 and slightly increased his pace. Upon entering the fourtli mile, 
 Arrow was stopped, and Joe Blackburn went at him again, but, 
 as in the first instance, he was " like chips in porridge," of no 
 benefit. Lexington darted ofif in earnest, running the last mile 
 in 1 : 48f . He reached the head of the front stretch in 6 : 55, 
 running its entire length in 2-i|- seconds. The whole time of the 
 four miles in 7 : 19f , carrying 103 jDounds — Gil Patrick being 
 three pounds overweight. 
 
 That the course was in admirable condition, we need not 
 assert, but that Ave have seen it in better order for safety and 
 for time, we think we may assert. The writer of this vras not 
 present when Lexington and Lecomte met last spring, and can 
 
TIME BEATEN. 331 
 
 tlierefore make no comparison, but agrees witli "A Young 
 Turfman," that the extreme hardness of the track might prevent 
 a horse from fully extending himself ; which must have been 
 the case with Lexington yesterday. He lost his left fore plate, 
 and half the right one ; and Gil Patrick, at the drawgates, the 
 last mile, had no little difficulty in keeping him on his course, 
 Lexington making violent efforts to swerve to the right where 
 it was soft and heavy. 
 
 "With regard to the time, not a doubt can be entertained, the 
 official being slower than any other. 
 
 Outside, by many experienced timers, it was made in T.IOJ. 
 
 The excitement attending the progress of this remarkable 
 race cannot be described. It was intense throughout ; and to 
 those who had no opportunity of taking note of time, Lexing- 
 ton's deceptive, fox-like gait could not have given them hopes 
 of success. The joyousness and hilarity every where visible, 
 which followed the announcement that Lexington was the vic- 
 tor, showed the feeling of the majority of the vast assemblage. 
 
 It must be a source of the highest gratification to the rider 
 of Lexington, that he guided him through his perilous journey 
 successfully, despite the prophecies and hopes of defeat that 
 attended him. In this connection we may fearlessly assert, that 
 through a long career of usefulness and success of more than 
 twenty years upon the turf, the name of Gilbert Watson, 
 better known as Gil Patrick, the rider, has never been tainted 
 with even the breath of sus23icion, and that the bright escutcheon 
 of his name remains untarnished ; and as this is perhaps his last 
 appearance in public, it is the writer's hearty wish that he may 
 live to enjoy an uninterrupted flow of worldly comfort, and that 
 when death calls him to answer that to which all living must 
 respond, he may be full of years and honor. The names of Gil 
 Patrick and Lexington are inseparably connected with the 
 greatest achievement upon the American Turf. 
 
 That this great race will go down to generations yet unborn, 
 as the fastest ever made, is the honest conviction of the writer. 
 The following is the record. 
 
 Monday, April 2, 1855— Match for $20,000, Lexington to beat the fastest time at four miles, being 
 
 7m. 263. 
 K. Ten Broeck's b. c. Lexington, by Boston out of Alice Carneal, by imported Sarpedon, 4 yearn, 
 
 108 pounds— 3 pounds extra. Gil Patrick. Won. 
 
532 TUE noESE. 
 
 TIME. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, 1.47} 
 
 Time of 2d mile, 1.52} 
 
 Time of 3d mile, 1.51} 
 
 Time of 4th mile, 1.48} 
 
 Total time 7.19} 
 
 Tims ended the second act of this remarkable drama ; but 
 the i3lay itself was not so to end ; for the gallant champion whose 
 time had been so defiantly challenged, and so bravely beaten, 
 came np once more in his proper person, to try the fortunes of 
 the field. 
 
THE GKEAT EACE AT NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 THE FASTEST TIME ON RECORD! 
 LEXINGTON VIOTOEIOUS IN ONE HEAT— TIME, Y.23| ! 
 
 THE THIKD EVENT. 
 
 It was not strange that this match should command more atten- 
 tion than an ordinary race. Tlie antecedents of both animals 
 were brilliant beyond comparison, and the improvement which 
 each had shown at every successive trial, led to an almost wild 
 belief that some new miracle of time would be performed in 
 the impending meeting. There was much, too, in the annals of 
 the Turf connecting itself with the present position of these 
 horses, that was calculated to add immensely to the interest. 
 
 It will be recollected that Time, which should always 
 be progressive, stood still for twenty years on the heels of tlie 
 renowned Eclipse, who ascended into glory — over Henry — on the 
 Long Island track, in a four-mile heat, in 7.37-J. At length the 
 brilliant mare Fashion sprang up, and exceeded it, on the same 
 course, by five seconds, gaining a double victory, by beating 
 the till then unconquerable Boston in a four-mile heat of 7: 32^. 
 The world was astonished, and so miraculous was this considered, 
 that a report was current that the judges were almost afraid 
 to proclaim it ; indeed, that the true speed was 7: 31i, and that 
 two of the judges who had bo taken it, yielded to the third, who 
 was the second slower, for fear the public would be dissatisfied 
 with their decision. Tliis time of Fashion held the field for 
 about nine years, and the lovers of the Turf, as they dolefully 
 
334 
 
 THE HOESE. 
 
 contemplated her decline, feared they would never look npon her 
 like again. But there is a term for all worldly glory, and it was 
 destined that last Spring the wondrous Lexington and the phe- 
 nomenon Lecomte should hoth shoot forth together to outdazzle 
 all previous lustre, and to turn the possibility of racing speed 
 into a bewildering maze of doubt. These rivals, not knowing 
 each other, and themselves unknown, first came together on the 
 Metairie Course, Kew Orleans, for the State Post-Stake of the last 
 Spring meeting, and there, as all the world already knows, Lex- 
 ington was the winner, although not, as yet, inside of Fashion's 
 time. In the following week, however, the ambitious rivals 
 met again ; and it was on that occasion the superb Lecomte 
 reversed his late defeat, and at one astounding stroke reduced 
 Fashion's time to T.26 ! Six seconds and a half of glory at a 
 single bound ! 
 
 It might have been supposed that a defeat like this would 
 have quite satisfied the owner of Lexington that he had con- 
 tended against impossibility, or lightning ; but what was the 
 surprise of the whole racing world to hear, in the midst of the 
 roar of this exploit, Mr. Ten Broeck offer to wager $10,000 that 
 his horse Lexington, which had just been beaten, could beat 
 Lecomte's late time ; and $2,500 more that he could afterwards 
 beat Lecomte himself. Both offers were, of course, accepted, 
 and the 2d of April was selected for the first trial, and the 14th 
 of the same month for the other. Your readers know already, 
 by the previous mail, the result of the effort of the second ; 
 and that Lexington, on that occasion, beat all the annals and 
 exceeded every expectation, by performing his four miles in the 
 unheard-of, I may add undreamt-of^ time of Y.19| — thus strik- 
 ing Lecomte a heavier blow than Lecomte had administeref^ 
 to Fashion, and going inside of his time six seconds and a quar- 
 ter ! This was the state of things I found at !New Orleans at 
 lialf-past 9 p. M., on the 13th of April, by the glass clock ; and 
 now that I have explained myself so fully, I think you will 
 have no more surprise left than I had, when I took ray light to 
 go up stairs, that the Crescent City was, on that occasion, in 
 something of a buzz. 
 
 In the morning I found the excitement in no way decreased ; 
 every body was inquiring about the starting of the trains, or 
 
THE LAST EVENT. 335 
 
 making arrangements with hackmen to take them to the course ; 
 while practised parties of hon vivants were displaying a world 
 of intelligence or instinct in packing champagne baskets with 
 layers of ham, chicken, brandy, beer, Boker's bitters, segars, 
 and soda-water, to regale themselves with during the dry stages 
 of tlte afternoon. The race was set for three o'clock, and the 
 course being three miles off, at one the town began to move 
 toward the track ; at two it was pretty nearly deserted, and at 
 three it was as silent and abandoned as at midnight. All the 
 roads leading to the track streamed with pedestrians and vehicles, 
 and the line condensed toward the gateway into a choked col- 
 umn that could move onward and in, only by the most tedious 
 series of instalments. 
 
 On reaching the inside, the arena presented a most brilliant 
 spectacle, and I do not remember having seen so many people 
 together for a race, except at the celebrated meeting of Fashion 
 and Peytona, on the Union Course, L. I. The two long public 
 stands were densely crowded, the field was filled with vehicles 
 and saddle horses, and even the trees that from a distance over- 
 looked the track, drooped heavily with the weight of human 
 fruit. The track itself, however, under better government than 
 those of New York, was kept clear of all intruders, except in 
 that portion known as the home stretch ; to which exclusive 
 section the members of the club, and such privileged strangers 
 as had provided themselves with ten-dollar badges, were ad- 
 mitted, 
 
 THE RACE. 
 
 At length the bugle sounded the signal for the horses to be 
 stripped. Upon this every body pressed forward to secure eli- 
 gible places ; every neck was stretched to its utmost length. 
 Even the gamblers in the alleys underneath the public stands 
 undoubled their legs from beneath their faro tables, locked up 
 their double card-boxes, stopped the snap of their roulettes, and 
 slipped the little ivory ball in their vest pockets to run up stairs 
 and become innocent lookers-on. 
 
 Wagers on the contestants had a small revival, in consequence 
 of this eruption from the betting quarter, and the odds on Lex- 
 ington went up again to the mark of $100 to $80. It was very 
 
336 THE HOKSE. 
 
 freelj" taken, however, by the gentlemen from Red River, where 
 Lecomte Avas raised ; and Avith many of them confidence in 
 their favorite stood so liigh that they put out all the money they 
 had brought to town on equal terms. Tliey reasoned, that if 
 Lexington could perform a four-mile heat in 7.19|-, there was no 
 reason wliy Lecomte could not also do it, if required ; for the 
 contest now stood equal between them, and it must not be for- 
 gotten that in Lecomte's victory in 7.26 he had trailed Lexing- 
 ton, and then turned out and passed ahead of him. It was, 
 moreover, said, on their side, that the 7.19|- was not as good as 
 the Y.26 of Lecomte, for that by running alone and choosing 
 the close side of the track, Lexington saved nearly two sec- 
 onds of distance in each mile, and likewise had the advantage 
 of a long start, and of receiving the word " go " at full speed, 
 instead of beginning "from the jump," as in match fashion. 
 Hope told a flattering tale. 
 
 On the strength of these calculations there was considerable 
 betting on time, but with none did I hear it set at less than Y.26 ; 
 while many believed — though I heard no bet to that eflfect — that 
 the heat would be achieved as low down as Y.15 or 16. I do 
 not know that any thing can furnish a better idea of the revolu- 
 tion made in racing time by Lecomte and Lexington than tliis 
 state of expectation shows. What would have been thought, 
 two years ago, of the declaration, that in a little while we 
 should see a four-mile race, in which the highest mark on time 
 would be 7.26 ? 
 
 There is something in this matter of increase of speed that 
 is worthy of reflection and philosophy. We find continual ad- 
 vancement, and what is most remarkable, exploit begets exploit, 
 as if knowledge and emulation touched new powers whicli had 
 never been electrified before. Whence does the spark proceed 
 that awakes these energies, but from the mind of man, im^^art- 
 ing itself by some strange j^rocess to the mind and body of his 
 iiorse as he does to the corj)oreal faculties in possession of him- 
 self'^ Trotting time stood for years at 2.32, then 2.30, and then 
 2.28, At length Beppo and Lady Suffolk made a dead heat 
 under saddle on the Beacon Course in 2.26, straightway 2.26 was 
 repeated by several other horses ; by-and-by it was reduced 
 still lower, and at length 2.28 was banished to mile heats in 
 
MOUNTING FOR THE EACE. 337 
 
 wagons.'-'' So with the racers I have named, and so with Leconite 
 and Lexington. One half of a horse's speed is found in the 
 brain of his rider or driver, and that subtle essence, that know- 
 ledge how to do, and will to command it, blends with the powers 
 of the beast and makes all things done. So with foot racers, 
 when they have known that nine miles within the hour could be 
 increased to ten, and the ten to eleven. They were the same men, 
 without any improvement in their breed ; the same men, who had 
 once been able barely to do nine. Shall we be told that the Bon- 
 ny Black Bess of the bold Turpin did not respond to her master's 
 spirit when she took her wondrous bound over the spiked turn- 
 pike gate ! — or that a portion of the soul of the brave Mame- 
 luke, who alone escaped the massacre of the Beys by leaping 
 his horse over the walls of Cairo, did not enter into that of his 
 matchless Barb ! 
 
 " The bounding steed you pompously bestride, 
 Shares with his lord his pleasure and his pride." 
 
 Assuredly the best portion of a horse's speed lies in the mind 
 of his rider, and it is by no means certain that if Gil. Patrick 
 who rode Lexington into 7.19f , had — with his present know- 
 ledge of what is within horse-hide — grasped the rein and pressed 
 the sides of Eclipse, he could not have brought his 7.37| down 
 to 7.26. 
 
 When the blankets were stripped from the horses, and their 
 magnificent combinations of blood, heart, and muscle stood glis- 
 tening and flickering in the sun, the crowd near by could not re- 
 sist an involuntary burst of admiration, at which Lecomte stepped 
 coquettishly about, showing his beautiful chestnut coat and 
 branching muscle, while the darker Lexington, with a sedate 
 and intelligent aspect, looked calmly around, as if he felt that 
 the sensation was quite what he expected and deserved. Both 
 animals were in the finest possible condition, and the weather 
 and the track, had they been manufactured to a sportsman's 
 order, could not have been improved. At last the final signal 
 of " bring up your horses," sounded from the bugle ; and prompt 
 to the call, Gil. Patrick, the well-known rider of Boston, put his 
 foot in Lexington's stirrup, and the negro boy of Gen. Wells 
 sprang into the saddle of Lecomte. They advanced slowly and 
 
 * See Note ■)• on page 341. 
 Vol. I.— 22 
 
338 THE HORSE. 
 
 daintily forward to the stand, and when they halted at the score 
 the immense concourse, that had up to this moment been swaying 
 to and fro, were fixed as stone. It was a beautiful sight to see 
 these superb animals standing at the score, filled with unknown 
 qualities of flight, and quietly awaiting the conclusion of the 
 directions to the riders for the tap of the drum. 
 
 At length the tap of the drum came, and instantly it sfruck, 
 the stationary steeds leaped forward with a start that sent every 
 body's heart into the mouth. AVith bound on bound, as if life 
 were staked on every spring, they flew up the quarter-stretch, 
 Lexington at the turn drawing his nose a shadow in advance, 
 but when they reached the half-mile post — 53 seconds — both 
 were exactly side by side. On they went at the same flying 
 pace, Lexington, again drawing gradually forward, first his neck, 
 then his shoulder, and increasing up the straight side amidst a 
 wild roar of cheers, flew by the stand at the end of the first 
 mile three-quarters of a length in the lead. " One hundred to 
 seventy-five on Lexington ! " Time, 1.49|. 
 
 Onward they plunge, onward without pause ! What makes 
 this throbbing at my heart ? What are these brilliant brutes to 
 me ? Why do I lean forward and insensibly unite my voice with 
 the roar of this mad multitude ? Alas, I but share the infatua- 
 tion of the horses, and the levelling spirit common to all strife has 
 seized on all alike. " Where are they now ? Ah, there they fly 
 round the first turn ! By heaven, Lecomte is overhauling him ! " 
 And so he was, for on entering the back stretch of the second 
 mile the hero of 7.26 made his most desperate efi'ort, reaching 
 first the girth, then the shoulder, then the neck of Lexington, and 
 finally, when he reached the half-mile post, laid himself alongside 
 him, nose by nose. Then the mass, which during the few seconds 
 of this special struggle had been breathless with hope and fear, 
 burst into a shout that rang for miles, and amid the din of 
 which might be heard here and there, " $100 even on Lecomte ! " 
 But his equality was only for a moment's term. Lexington 
 threw his eye jealously askant ; Gil. Patrick relaxed a little of 
 his rein, which up to this time he had held close in hand, and 
 without violence, or startling effect, the racer of racers stole 
 ahead, gently, but steadily and surely, as before, until he drew 
 
THE MATCH WON. 339 
 
 himself a clear length in the lead, in which position they closed 
 the second mile. Time, 1.51. 
 
 Again the hurrah rises as thej pass the stand — " One hun- 
 dred to seventj-five on Lexington ! " — and swells in still wilder 
 volume when Lexington increased his one length to three, from 
 the stand to the turn of the back stretch. In vain Lecomte strug- 
 gled ; in vain he called to mind his former laurels ; in vain his 
 rider struck him with the steel ; his great spirit was a sharper 
 spur, and when his tail fell, as it did from this time out, I could 
 imagine he felt a sinking of the heart, as he saw streaming be- 
 fore him the waving flag of Lexington, now held straight out in 
 race-horse fashion, and anon nervously flung up, as if it were a 
 plume of triumph. " One hundred to fifty on Lexington ! " The 
 three lengths was increased to four, and again the shout arose, 
 as in this relative condition they went for the third time over the 
 score. Time, 1.51. 
 
 The last crisis of the strife had now arrived, and Lecomte, if 
 he had any resources left, must call upon them straight. So 
 thought his rider, for the steel went into his sides ; but it was in 
 vain, he had done his best ; while, as for Lexington, it seemed 
 as if he had just begun to run. Gil. Patrick now gave him 
 a full rein, and for a time as he went down the back stretch, it 
 actually seemed as if he were running for the very fun of the 
 thing. It was now $100 to $10 on Lexington, or any kind 
 of odds, but there were no takers. He had the laurel in 
 his teeth, and was going for a distance. But at this inglorious 
 prospect Lecomte desperately rallied, and escaped the humilia- 
 tion by drawing himself a few lengths within the distance pole, 
 while Lexington dashed past the stand, hard in hand, and actu- 
 ally running away with his rider — making the last mile in 1.52 J, 
 and completing the four in the unprecedented time of 7.23|. I 
 say unprecedented, because it beats Lecomte's 7.26, and is there- 
 fore the fastest heat that was ever made in a match. 
 
 Thus ended the greatest match that has happened on the 
 Turf for many years ; nay, I might rather say, that ever took 
 place, and putting to rest all cavil so far as Lexington's powers 
 are concerned, about the difi*erence between 7.19| and T.26. In 
 comparing the time, however, with that recorded in favor of 
 other racers, it should be stated that the track at New Orleans, 
 
340 THE HOKSE. 
 
 is what is called a " fast track," of a springy and elastic nature, 
 which is very favorable to the stroke of a running horse, and of 
 course conducive to speed. The Union track at Long Island is 
 not so favorable in its character, and it should be borne in mind 
 by those who wish to be particular in these matters, that Lex- 
 ington and Lecomte, both being colts, denominated under the 
 term of " four-year-olds," have neither of them, as yet, carried 
 full Aveight. In closing, it is also proper for me to state that 
 Lexington carried 3f pounds more of weight in his rider than 
 Lecomte, a circumstance which is the more worthy of mention, 
 as he is 160 pounds the smaller horse. 
 
 My account of the race is now concluded ; for on the time 
 arriving for the second heat, the owner of Lecomte withdrew 
 his horse, and the purse and the laurels were awarded to the 
 " Hunter of Kentucky." 
 
 A full description of Lexington will be found above, on 
 page 305. 
 
 I will add, that no one who saw Lexington walk quietly 
 through the cheering crowd that flocked around him at the close, 
 as if his triumph were a matter he fully understood, doubts that 
 he has sense, memory, and powers of reflection — horse sense 
 at least. And yet presumptuous mortals will aver that such an 
 animal has got no soul ! 
 
 In conclusion, and according to racing style, I will now ap- 
 pend the summary : — 
 
 Metaikie Course, N. O., Saturday, April 24— Jockey Clnb Purse, $1,000, •sritli an inside stake of 
 
 $2,500 each. Four-mile heats. 
 E. Ten Broeck's b. c. Lexington, by Boston, out of Alice Carneal by Imp. Sarpedon, 
 
 4 yrs., 103 lbs [Gil. Patrick.] 1 1 
 
 T. J. Wells' ch. c. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel by Imp. Glencoe, 4 yrs., 100 lbs. 2 dr. 
 
 TIME. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, 1.491 
 
 Time of 2d mile, 1.51 
 
 Time of 3d mile, 1.51 
 
 Time of 4th mile, 1.52i 
 
 Total time, 7.23f 
 
 P. S. — ^Wednesday, April 18, 1855. — My theory is fortified. 
 Inspired by Lexington's exploits, a three-year-old colt, named 
 Henry Perritt, in a race of two-mile heats, which took place 
 on the above course yesterday, ran a single mile in the extra- 
 ordinary time of 1.42^, and this, too, in the first mile of the 
 
PERFORMANCES OF HENRY PEREITT. 341 
 
 second lieat ; thus beating by several seconds the best mile 
 Lexington or any other horse ever made.* 
 
 " Time is, time was, and soon shall be no more." 
 
 Spirit of the Times, May 5, 1855. 
 
 Tlie performances of this horse, who was got in 1852, by 
 Imp. Margrave, out of Odd Stocking, by Thornhill, were very 
 remarkable. 
 
 This year was the first of his appearance on the turf, and in 
 his first race of mile heats, he made the best time, for two con- 
 secutive heats, ever recorded — 1.46 each, after a first dash 
 of 1.50. 
 
 Five days afterward, in a race of two miles against Bijou 
 and Gallatina, after winning the first heat in 3.39, he ran the 
 first mile of the second, in the unprecedented time of 1.42^-, 
 and the heat in 3.40. 
 
 After this, he ran unfortunately, and came to an unfortunate 
 and untimely end ; being beaten in the following May, two- 
 mile heats, in 3.43f , 3.39f , and subsequently thrice distanced, 
 in two and three-mile heats, at no wonderful time. 
 
 In the autumn he won a race, the best three out of five, at 
 one-mile heats, the best heat in 1.49 ; and a few days later, 
 September 29, he ran and won his last race of three-mile heats, 
 but killed himself in winning. The race was finished in a 
 snow storm, and was all one chapter of accidents, the horses all 
 falling, shying and bolting ; Perritt coming down twice heavily, 
 and dying in his stable the same night, a gallant winner and 
 good, though I fancy somewhat uncertain, horse, in consequence 
 of cold and exertion. 
 
 What he could have done can never now be known, for his 
 powers were never fairly tried, since he was, in truth, but a 
 three-year old, though from the Southern mode of reckoning 
 from May-day, he was rated at a year younger. H. W. H. 
 
 * Hcurj'- Perritt never ran a mile in 1.42^; it was mere surmise. He got a very 
 bad start, and coming out as he did, close to Bijou, he is said to have made the 
 mile as above stated. — Ed. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTE. 
 
 f (P. 333.) Plora Temple brought the time to harness down to 2.19f, winch is 
 best to that day on record ; then Dexter, the king of trotters, under the saddle 
 trotted in the remarkable tune of 2.1 8, and since 2. 17 J to harness. 
 
PEDIGKEE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS, AND PERFORMANCES OF ARROW. 
 
 Akeow was got in 1850, bv Boston out of Jeaunettean, bj imp. 
 Leviathan, g. dam by Stockholder, the dam of Ehza Bailey by 
 Pacolet, who must, however, not be confounded with Miss 
 Bailey, by Boaster. This Stockholder mare, whose pedigree 
 was not to be ascertained, when Jeannetteau stood in the same 
 stable with Peytona and Liatunah in New York, in 184.-5, is 
 known to be a mare of very high breeding, with Oscar and 
 Pacolet blood in her veins. 
 
 BosTOJ^'. His pedigree i7i extenso is given at page 280. 
 
 Stockholdee was by Sir Archy, dam imp. Citizen, g. dam 
 imp. Stirling, g. g. dam imp. Mousetrap, g. g. g. dam Harris's 
 Eclipse, g. g. g. g. dam by Old Janus, g. g. g. g. g. dam by 
 Old Fearnought, g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Apollo, g. g. g. g. g, 
 g. g. dam by Moore's Partner, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam Silver- 
 Eye, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Jolly Eoger, g. g. g. g. g. g. 
 g. g. g. g. dam imp. mare Mary Gray. 
 
 Sir Archy was by Diomed out of Castianira, both imported. 
 See Genealogies 2 and 3. 
 
 Citizen, 1785, was by Pacolet, dam Princess by Turk — Fairy 
 Queen by Young Cade — Routhe's Black Eyes by Crab — War- 
 lock Galloway. 
 
 Stirling, 1791, was by Yolunteer, dam Harriet by Highflyer 
 — Young Cade mare — Childerkin by Second — Snap's dam, &c. 
 
 * Mousetrap is said to have been by Careless, dam a Kegulus 
 jnare — Liberty — Cade, &c., and to have won several races at 
 Hull, England, in 1777. He is not to be found in the Stud-Book. 
 
 Harris's Eclipse was got by Fearnought, dam imp. Stella by 
 
 * Mousetrap's pedigree is correct as given, and can be found in the English 
 Racing Calendar for 1777. and in Bruce Stud-Book, vol. 1, page 37. — Ed. 
 
PEKFORMANCES OF ARROW. 343 
 
 Shakspeare, in England — imp. Cassandra.* There are several 
 Cassandras in the English Stud-Book, but no Stella by Shakspeare. 
 
 Janus by old Janus (son of the Godolphin Arabian and the 
 Little Hartley mare), dam by Fox, gr. dam Bald Galloway. 
 
 Fearnought, Regulus, Silvertail, &c., see above. 
 
 Apollo was by imp. Fearnought, out of Gen. Spotteswood's 
 imp. Cullen Arabian mare. 
 
 Moore's Partner was by Partner, sister to Starling by Bay 
 Bolton, by son of the Brownlow Turk, &c., &c. 
 
 Jolly itoger — Roger of the Yale — was by Roundhead — Part- 
 ner — AVoodcock, &c., &g. 
 
 Imp. Mary Gray by Roundhead — dam Ringbone, by Partner. 
 
 PERFORMANCES OF ARROW. 
 
 Arrow first appeared on the turf in 1S52, when in the fall 
 meeting he took a three-year-old sweepstakes at mile heats, 
 beating two fillies by Boston and Belshazzar, in 1.51| — 1.50. 
 
 In 1853 he ran four times, winning thrice, twice at mile 
 heats, and once at three-mile heats. He beat, the best three 
 out of five, Caddo Maid, 4 yrs., Berry, 4 yrs., and Mecca 5 yrs., 
 in 1.55, 1.55,'1.55f, 1.57|, 1.57^, on the Metairie Course, New 
 Orleans, January 17. 
 
 On the same course, April 9, he was beaten for the 3 yr. old 
 sweepstakes, five subscribers, at $500 each, $500 added by the 
 Club, two-mile heats, by Sally Waters, to whom he ran second, 
 winning the first heat. Time 3.40, 3.37i, 3.39. 
 
 A few days later, on the same course, April 17, in a purse 
 for all ages, mile heats, best three in five, he beat Hilariot, by 
 Glencoe, and Pickaway, by Boston, winning three straight 
 heats. Time, 1.52J, 1.51^ 1.51f. 
 
 On the Pharsalia Course, Natchez, Miss., Nov. 24, he won the 
 Association Purse, $500, for all ages, three-mile heats, beating 
 Mary Taylor, by Sovereign — "Wade Hampton, by Boston — Hugh 
 French, by Glencoe, in two straight heats. Time, 5.51|, 5.53^. 
 
 In the following year, 1854, he made his debut in his four- 
 year-old shape, on the Metairie Course, Friday, January 6, 
 sweepstakes for all ages, a single four miles, wlien he beat Fly- 
 ing Flea, by Grey Eagle, and White Eagle, by Grey Eagle. 
 Time, 1.50^, 1.49^, 1.54J, 2.04^—7.39. 
 
 * See Note * on page 350. 
 
344 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 13, lie ran again for the 
 
 On the following Fricla}^, January 
 Jockey Club Purse, for all ages. Three-mile heats. 
 
 J. S. Iluntor's ch. f. Blomle, by Glencoe, out of sister to Tangent, by Wagner, 3 years, 
 D. F. Kenner's cb. c. ^r;'Oii', by Boston, out of Jeannettoau, 4 years, .... 
 T. B. Goldsby's b. f. Maid of Orleans, >)j Bethune, out of Alice Carneal, 4 years, 
 
 S. M. "Wetmore's b g. i^Zyiwg' jp'iga, by Grey Eagle, 5 years, 
 
 W. J. Minor's b. h. Jericho, by Imp. Jordan, out of Imp. Britannia, 5 years, 
 
 1. 1. 
 5. 2. 
 
 3. 3. 
 
 2. 4. 
 
 4. 5 
 
 FIKST HEAT. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, 
 2d " 
 3d " . 
 
 1.5SJ 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.0H 
 
 Time of first beat. 
 
 5.56 
 
 SECOND HEAT. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 1.56 
 
 " 2d " 1.56i 
 
 " Sd " . . . . 1.59* 
 
 Time of second heat, 
 
 5.52 
 
 At his next appearance, April 1, 1854, he met Lexington, 
 Lecomte, and Highlander, in the great State Post Stakes, of 
 four-mile heats, which was won by Lexington, Lecomte running 
 second, Highlander distanced in the second. Arrow in the first 
 heat. The time was very slow — 8.0S|^, 8.04 — but the course was 
 said to be excessively heavy, which it must have been, to ac- 
 count for the distancing, at such a poor rate of going. 
 
 A few days later, however, he again beat his old adversary, 
 Little Flea, in the Jockey Club Purse, of three-mile heats. Little 
 Flea taking the first heat. Time, 5.33^, 5.36, 5.43^. 
 
 In the next year, 1855, Arrow was used to put Lexington to 
 his speed in the great match won by that horse against Lecomte's 
 time of Y.26, and it is worthy of recollection that Mr. Ten Broeck 
 had declared to start Arrow for the match, in case of Lexington's 
 being amiss. This jDeople did not, at the time, well understand, 
 as he certainly had not then exhibited powers, which would 
 justify the expectation of his beating that hitherto unrivalled 
 time. On the 10th April, however, of the same year, he was to 
 show of what stuff he was made, in the best race of three-mile 
 heats ever run. 
 
 In this race for the Jockey Club Purse for all ages, three- 
 mile heats, he was beaten by Brown Dick, Hornpipe distanced 
 in the second, and Mary Taylor in the first heat, but, as is rarely 
 the case, the defeated horse gained, not lost, laurels by his 
 defeat. The time has never been equalled. 
 
 rlEST HEAT. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 1.50 
 
 « 2d " 1.49i 
 
 8d " 1.5U 
 
 Time of first heat. 
 
 5.30i 
 
 SECOND ITEAT. 
 
 Time of 1st mile 1.50J 
 
 2d " 1.484 
 
 " 3d " 1.49 
 
 5.2S 
 
 Time of second beat. 
 
AKROW'S THREE-MILE HEATS. 345 
 
 Those wlio witnessed tliis race assert tliat Arrow was not, at 
 tlie close of the second heat, above half a second behind. One 
 second would have raised the time of the heat of three miles to 
 5m. 29s. It is also asserted that no one, who saw this horse 
 during the race and after its conclusion, entertained the least 
 doubt of his ability to run a fourth mile in Im. 56fs., and it 
 would seem that there can be no reason to doubt it, since he had 
 already run six miles, the slowest in Im. 51f s., and had mended 
 his time in the latter miles. Had he made it in Im. 56fs., he 
 would, it seems, have won the time match by J of a second, and 
 thus justified Mr. Ten Broeck's opinion ; but probably he would 
 have won it by much more than that, as there is no reason why 
 he should fall off Tf seconds in his last mile.* 
 
 On the same course once more, however, after losing four- 
 mile heats to him in Y.55| — 7.56f, he gained his greatest glory, 
 by defeating Lecomte himself for the Jockey Club Purse, of 
 three-mile heats, Lecomte taking the first heat in 6.00, and 
 Arrow the second and the third in 5.59 — 6.03. 
 
 It is to be presumed, however, that Mr. Ten Broeck holds 
 Lecomte still, in spite of his defeat, the better horse, since he, 
 and not Arrow, is the file-leader of his string on his English 
 expedition. 
 
 His race of April 9, 1854, is thus narrated in the New Or- 
 leans Picayune. 
 
 THE BEST THREE-MILE RACE EVER RUN. 
 
 Yesterday being the last day of the Metairie Jockey Club 
 meeting, and a day of recreation to many who are usually en- 
 gaged in business, there was a very large attendance at the 
 course. The fame of the two horses that were to contend for 
 the club purse of $1,000, at three-mile heats, was well known, 
 and a fast race was confidently anticipated. Arrow having run 
 a fom*-mile dash in 7.39, on the 6th of January last, finishing 
 the last mile in a gallop, and Little Flea having, on "Wednesday 
 last, run and saved her distance against the fleet Blonde, who 
 made the then fastest three-mile race on record, viz. — 5.36i and 
 5.34, all gave token that if both of them were " right," time 
 would be literally used up. 
 
 The betting before the start was in favor of Arrow, at odds 
 
 * See Note f on page 350. 
 
3J:C THE HOKSE. 
 
 of about a hundred to forty, at wliicli figure considerable 
 amounts were staked. On starting for the first heat Arrow 
 took the lead, and kept it for two miles bj about four lengths, 
 when Flea gradually closed up the gajD, and on the back stretch 
 of the third mile locked and apparently passed Arrow handily. 
 Arrow now made a great efi'ort to regain the lead, but the pace 
 had been so tremendous from the start, that he could not do so ; 
 Little Flea, to the surprise of every one, kept up his rapid run, 
 and won the heat by a trifle, in the fastest time on record, 6.33^. 
 Arrow had in the last few jumps of the heat evidently been 
 gaining, and as the two passed the judges' stand, Arrow was at 
 the saddle girth of Flea. 
 
 As Arrow had apparently labored more in the first heat than 
 Flea, and appeared more distressed by his exertions, and the 
 great heat of the sun, the race by some persons was looked 
 upon as almost finished, Flea becoming the favorite at odds of 
 100 to 20. In the second heat Arrow again led the way, open- 
 ing a large gaj), and apparently running with more ease and 
 steadiness tlian in the first heat ; Arrow kept the lead, in spite 
 of every efii'ort of Flea to take it, although he strove hard to do 
 so ; but Arrow won the heat in the quick time of 5.36, by two 
 open lengths. 
 
 Again the betting changed, and Arrow came into favor at 
 odds of 100 to 30. In the third heat Arrow again led ofi", 
 soon opening a gap of twelve lengths, and never more even 
 lapped, winning the heat and race handily, by eight clear 
 lengths, in 5.43^. 
 
 The whole race was a most remarkable one, the time being 
 the best on record at three-mile heats. The two first heats were 
 also as exciting as ever witnessed on a race course ; but we 
 must stop our remarks and give the figures. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Sunday, April 9— Jockey Club Purse, $1,000, for all ages, weights as above. Tbree-mile heats. 
 
 D. F. Kenner's ch. g. Arrow, by Boston, out of Jeannetton by imp. Leviathan, 
 
 5yrs.— Abe— 211 
 
 A. L. Bingaman's b. g. Little Flea, by Grey Eagle, dam, imp., by Acta;on, 5 yrs.— Gil. 
 
 Patrick— 122 
 
 IST Heat. 2d Heat. 8d Heat. 
 
 Time of 1st mile, .... 1.51 .... 1.52J .... 1.52^ 
 Time of 2d mile, .... 1.51 .... 1.51 .... 1.54i 
 Time of 8d mile, .... 1.51i .... 1.52i .... 1.56i 
 
 Total time, 5.33i .... 5.86 .... 5.48J 
 
NEW ORLEANS SPRING MEETING, 1854. 347 
 
 The late Races. — ^The two weeks' Spring races of tlie Me- 
 tairie Jockey Club are over, and now that the excitement con- 
 nected with them is past, it is on looking back and reviewing 
 the series of brilliant events which have taken place during 
 their continuance, that we can truly say that they are unpar- 
 alleled in the racing annals of the country. The admirable and 
 discreet manner in which all the preliminaries and accessories 
 were arranged by Mr. Richard Ten Broeck, the proprietor, was 
 most fortunate for the pleasure and success of the meeting. But 
 few persons are aware of the many perplexing difficulties to be 
 encountered in the management of a brilliant race meeting, in 
 order to give that general satisfaction which is felt and expressed 
 by the community. 
 
 During the last two weeks, not only one race, but many, 
 have been run, which for speed are unequalled in all the records 
 of the " Racing Calendar." 
 
 The " State Stake," although run in slow time, owing to the 
 condition of the track, was still a most interesting, closely con- 
 tested, and heavy-betting contest. 
 
 The three-mile race of Blonde, on the 5th inst., when she 
 beat Little Flea in 5.36^ — 5.3-4, was then the quickest three- 
 mile race on record ; but on the 9th inst.. Little Flea and Arrow 
 ran a three-mile race in the astonishing time of 5.33^ — 5.36 — 
 5.43i ; Little Flea winning the first heat and Arrow winning 
 the race. 
 
 "Wild L-ishman won, on the 7th inst., a two-mile j)urse, in 
 two heats, in 3.441—3.39. 
 
 On the 6th inst., Teallie, a two-year- old filly, won a race at 
 mile heats, best three in five, in which six horses started, in 
 the unequalled time of 1.47^—1.48— 1.46i— 1.461—1.48— 1.46^ 
 —1.50. 
 
 Less than 1.47 has frequently been done by difierent horses. 
 
 But the most brilliant event of all was the four-mile race of 
 the 8th inst., in which Lecomte, Lexington and Reube ran ; the 
 latter being distanced in the second heat, and Lecomte winning 
 the race in two heats, although he carried three pounds over 
 weight, in the unparalleled and never before expected fast time 
 of 7.26 — 7.38f ! We might dwell upon many other pleasant 
 features connected with the late meeting, comparing the above 
 
348 THE HOKSE. 
 
 witli previous performances, but tliis paper is not exactly the 
 proper arena for that interesting discussion. The cohimns of 
 the " Spirit of the Times " are broad and ample, and there we 
 anticipate reading many pleasant recitals of the incidents, and 
 comparisons deduced from the figures and blood displayed 
 during the late meeting, from many able pens. The -whole sea- 
 son has been most profitable to the enterprising proprietor, Mr. 
 Ten Broeck, and has given much gratification to a larger num- 
 ber of persons than were ever before assembled in this portion 
 of the country on similar occasions. — W. 0. Picayune. 
 
 These campaigns of 1854, 1855, and 1856, the principal 
 events of which, as above recorded, will long stand conspicuous 
 in the annals of the American Turf, are certainly to be con- 
 sidered of great mark. 
 
 Although the springy and elastic nature of the New Orleans 
 courses are peculiarly favorable to the making of fast time, and 
 the excessive lightness of the Southern weights tend to the same 
 result, no one can deny the greatness of the achievements. 
 
 The fastest four-mile heats in Y.26i by Lecomte, in 7.19f by 
 Lexington, against Lecomte's time, and lastly in 7.23f by Lex- 
 ington, against Lecomte; the fastest three-mile heats in 5.30| 
 and 5.28, by Brown Dick against Arrow ; and the fastest mile 
 that ever was run, of truly recorded time, and that the third of 
 a two-mile heat, constitute certainly a record of which to be 
 proud. 
 
 But, alas ! of these chamj)ions what remains to record ? 
 Lexington, blind prematurely ; Henry Perritt, dead of his over- 
 exertions ; Lecomte, said — it is hoped untruly — to be amiss, in 
 his forelegs, in England ; Pryor and Prioress alone left to 
 support their country's glory on the classic sod of Newmarket 
 heath and Goodwood. To judge of the powers they have 
 shown, and of the vast allowances with which they will run, 
 one would say that they ought to conquer ! But the race is not 
 always to the swift, nor the battle to the strong. H. W. H. 
 
TIME. 349 
 
 FASTEST AND BEST EDNNING TIME ON RECORD. 
 
 Three-quarters of a mile, by Karragansett, at Narragansett 
 Park, August 25, 1868, 1.1 Tf 
 
 Three-quarters of a mile, by Flash of Lightning, 3 years old, 
 at Saratoga, August 18, 1870, 87 pounds, 1.1T|-. 
 
 One mile, best on record, by Judge Curtis (late Gen. Duke), 
 at Saratoga, July 18, 1870, 114 pounds, 1.431 
 
 One mile, by Herzog, 3 years old, carrying 90 pounds, second 
 heat, 1.43|-, at Cincinnati, May 25, 1869. 
 
 One mile, Yersailles, first heat in 1.43f , full weight, at Cin- 
 cinnati, September 21, 1869. 
 
 One mile, May 30, 1866, second heat. Revolver, 1.44^. 
 
 Mammona ran the first heat at Lexington, Ky., 1862, in 
 1.441. 
 
 One mile, Pompey Payne, second heat, in 1.44|-, full weight, 
 at Lexington, Ky., May 17, 1869. 
 
 One mile, the best on record for a two-year old, by Hamburg, 
 in L45, at Cincinnati, September 23, 1869. 
 
 One mile. General Duke, at two years old, 1.45-I-, at Cincin- 
 nati, September 26, 1867. 
 
 Climax ran a mile at Jerome Park, July, 1S6S, with 148J 
 pounds up, in 1.48J. 
 
 One and an eighth miles, by Fanny Ludlow, at Saratoga, 
 August, 1869, 1.56. This is at the rate of 1A?>^ to the mile. 
 
 Fastest one and a quarter mile dash, by jSTarragansett, in 2.10, 
 at Saratoga, August 4, 1869, carrying 90 pounds. 
 
 One mile and a half, the fastest by Gleuelg, 4 years old, 100 
 pounds, at Monmouth Park, Long Branch, August 2, 1870, 2.37|. 
 
 Fastest one and three-quarter mile dash, by Corsican, 4 years 
 old, 105 pounds, in 3.07|, at Saratoga, August 7, 1869. 
 
 Fastest two miles on record, run by Hegira, at New Orleans, 
 November 23, 1850, catch weight, 3.341. 
 
 Best two miles on record, at Lexington, Ky., September 12, 
 1867, by Lancaster, 3.351— 3.381 
 
 Fastest two and a quarter miles, by Kentucky, at Saratoga, 
 August, 1865, 4.01|. 
 
350 THE HORSE. 
 
 Best two and a quarter miles, by Muggins, 4 years old, 118 
 pounds, at Saratoga, August 2, 1867, 4.03. 
 
 Fastest two and a half miles, by Ilelmbold, 4 years, at Long 
 Branch, July 30, 1870, 4.331 
 
 Two and a half miles, by General Yorke, at Narragansett 
 Park, August, 1868, 4.37|. 
 
 Fastest and best three-mile race on record, by Norfolk, Sep- 
 tember 23, 1865, California, 5.27J— 5.29i. 
 
 Fastest four miles on record, Lexington, 5 years old, 103 
 pounds, at New Orleans, April 2, 1855, 7.19f. 
 
 Same, Lexington, five years old, 103| pounds, April 14, 1855, 
 beating Lecomte, 7.23f . 
 
 Best four miles on record, Idlewild, on Long Island, June 
 25, 1863, full weight, 7.26i 
 
 Fastest hurdle race, two miles, over eight hurdles, by Jones- 
 boro, 3.51 1, at the Metairie Course, April 11, 1868. 
 
 Best hurdle race, two miles, over eight hurdles, by Black- 
 bird, at Saratoga, August, 1867, 3.57|, carrying 161 pounds. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 343.) Cassandra was imj^ortcd iu foal to Shakspeare, which foal was called 
 Stella. 
 
 f (P. 345.) At the same moetiug, three days after he was beaten by Brown 
 Dick, he beat Le Roi three miles, in 5.35^. Le Roi was drawn after the first heat. 
 At Xatchez, two days before, he was beaten by Lecomte, four-mile heats. He 
 beat Ricardo, three-mile heats, in 5.48^. Ricardo was drawn after first heat. Iu 
 1856, at Natchez, Miss., he beat Bijou, three-mile heats, in 6.04| — 6.14. At Xew 
 Orleans, Blonde beat him, three-mile heats, in 5.38^ — 5.4.7. 
 
PEDIGREE, 
 
 CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCES OF PRYOR. 
 
 Peyoe was got by Glencoe, in 1852 — dam Gipsey, own sister 
 to Medoc by American Eclipse, g. dam Young Maid of the 
 Oaks l)y Imp. Expedition, g. g. dam, Maid of the Oaks by Imp. 
 Spread Eagle, g. g. g. dam by Imp. Sharke, g. g. g. g. dam by 
 Nelson's Eockingham, g. g. g, g. g. dam by True Whig, g. g. g. 
 g. g. g. dam by Bajdor's Gallant, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Bnr- 
 well's Regulus, g. g. g. g. g. g. g. g. dam by Imp. Diamond, &c. 
 4 ExPEDiTioisr was by Pegasus, dam Active by Woodpecker. 
 Laura by Whistle Jacket, Pretty Polly by Starling, sister to 
 Diana by Second, Hanger's mare by Stanyan's Arabian, Gipsey 
 by King William's Barb, Makeless, Royal mare. 
 
 Pegasus was by Eclipse out of a Bosphorus mare, Forester, 
 Coalition Colt, Bustard, Charming Molly. 
 
 Woodpecker was by Herod, dam Miss Ramsden by Lonsdale 
 Arabian, Bay Bolton, Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk, Place's 
 White Turk, Taiiblet Barb, Barb Mare. 
 
 Wliistle Jacket was by Mogul, Sweepstakes Mare, Hamp- 
 ton Court Arab, Makeless, Brimmer, White Turk, Dodsworth, 
 Lay ton Barb Mare. 
 
 Mogul was by the Godolphin Arabian, dam, Large Hartley 
 Mare. 
 
 Sweepstakes was by the Bloody Shouldered Arab, Baste, 
 Old Spot, Young Spanker, Hautboy, Bustler. 
 
 Spread Eagle was got by Volunteer, dam by Highflyer, g. 
 dam by Engineer, g. g. dam by Cade, g. g. g. dam Lass of the 
 Mill by Traveller, g. g. g. g. dam Miss Makeless. 
 
353 THE HORSE. 
 
 Shakke was got by Marske, dam, Wag's dam by Marlbo- 
 rough, g. dam a natural Barb mare, dam of Lord Portmore's 
 Tiney. 
 
 Marlborough was by the Godolphin Arabian out of tlie 
 Large Hartley Mare, own brother to Mogul. 
 
 Rockingham was by Partner, dam Imp. mare Blossom, grand 
 dam by Sloe, g. g. dam by Pegulus. — This mare is not in the 
 Stud-Books. 
 
 Partner was by Moreton's Traveller out of Selima by the 
 Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Moreton's Traveller was by Croft's Partner, Bloody Buttocks, 
 Greyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, White Turk, Dodsworth, Lay- 
 ton Barb mare. 
 
 True Whig by Fitshugh's Regulus, dam Spotswood, Imp. 
 Cullen Arabian mare, dam of Apollo. 
 
 Gallant was got by Imp, Fearnought, dam Stately by Imp. 
 Sober John, g. dam Imp. mare Strawberry. 
 
 Imp. Regulus was got by Regulus in England, dam by Part- 
 ner, Cupid, Hautboy, &c. 
 
 Fearnought was by Regulus, dam Silvertail by Ileneage's 
 Whitenose, Rattle, Darley Arabian, Old Child mare by Gresley 
 Arabian, Yixen by Ilelmsley Turk, Dodsworth's dam. 
 
 Jenny Dismal is said to be by Dismal, son of the Godolphin, 
 out of Bald Charlotte, but is not in the Stud Book. 
 
 Sober John- was by Hercules out of sister to Telemachus, by 
 Herod, Skim, Janus, Spinster by Crab, Partner, Bloody But- 
 tocks. Greyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, White Turk, Dodsworth, 
 Layton Barb Mare. 
 
 Hercules was by Matchem, dam Riot by Regulus, Blaze, 
 Fox, Darley Arabian, Woodcock's dam. 
 
 The mare Strawberry cannot be traced. 
 
 Diamond is said to be a son of Hautboy, his dam unknown, 
 but he cannot be traced in the English Stud Books ; and beyond 
 this the pedigree of Gipsey cannot be followed. 
 
 * Sober John foaled in 1748; imported into Virginia, by Col. Baylor. By Rib, 
 balance of pedigree unknown. The following sketch may be found in Hebers's 
 English Racing Calendar for 1754, page 187. He ran that year six times, and won 
 the following races: — May 23, Wisbech, Norfolk, £50; June 12, Stamford, Lincoln- 
 shire, £50. He cannot be out of a Ilerod mare, for Sober John was foaled ten 
 years before Herod — one in 1748, the other 1758. Plercules, his sire, was foaled 
 in 1772, and Matchem, Hercules sire, was foaled in 1748. — Ed. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF PETOE. 353 
 
 This, upon the whole, may be regarded as a fair specimen of 
 an American pedigree, being traceable, so far as it can be traced 
 at all, to English horses of unimpeachable character ; and failing 
 at last, from the want of records at an early date. 
 
 The performances of the whole family, however, are far too 
 decided and too long sustained to leave a doubt of the blood. 
 
 DESCEIPTION OF PEYOK. 
 
 Of this horse, concerning whom there has always prevailed 
 something of mystery, as of Lecomte, I have been able to find 
 no published description. The fine poi'trait which accompanies 
 this memoir, exquisitely engraved by Mr. Hinshelwood, from an 
 original picture in the possession of his owner Mr. Ten Broeck, 
 and lent, by his courtesy, for this work, is said to be an excel- 
 lent likeness. 
 
 Its peculiar characteristic is the extreme length of the neck 
 and forehand, and the light spiry cut of the animal generally ; 
 yet w^e are told, by those who have seen and known him, that he 
 is rather a pony-built and close-ribbed-up horse than otherwise, 
 which certainly does not appear from the portrait in question. 
 His color is a somewhat dull chestnut. There has been some dis- 
 pute about his age, but I can state on authority that it is clearly 
 authenticated that he is only in his fourth year. 
 
 His first appearance was on the Metairie Course at New 
 Orleans, on the same day on Avhicli Lexington won his great 
 match against Lecomte's time, when he came out winner, in the 
 
 Thursday, April 5th — Picayune stakes, 2 year olds to carry 3 year old weights, colts 86 lbs., fillies 
 83 lbs., nineteen subscribers, mile heats, at $300 each, forfeit, $100, dec. $50. 
 
 R. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Imp Glencoe, out of Gipsey, 2 11 
 
 W. J. Minor's gr. f. La dame Blanche, by Voucher, out of Lady Jane by Imp. Levi- 
 athan, 132 
 
 D. F. Kenner's Melody, by Voucher out of Music, 3 2 8 
 
 Time, 1.50— 1.50— 1.56|. 
 
 Again at the same meeting, he ran with different fortune. 
 
 Friday, April 13th. — Sweepstakes of 2 year olds to carry 3 year old weights, as above, mile hcata, 
 five subscribers at $200 each, h. ft. with $2S0 added by the Club. 
 
 D. F. Kenner's br. t Minnow, by Voucher out of Dolphin by Leviathan, . . . 2 11 
 
 E. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Imp. Glencoe out of Gipsey, 3 2 2 
 
 A. L. Bin?aman"s b. c. by Bundle and Go, dam by Medoc, 4 4 3 
 
 A. Lecomte & Co.'s ch. F. Mary Bertrand, by Glencoe, dam by Imp. Piiuin, . . 18 dst 
 
 K. L. Bingaman's g. c. by Belshazzar out of Laura by Pacific, 
 
 Time. l.SSJ -1.46i— 1.48^. 
 
 Vol. I.— 28 
 
354 THE H0K8E. 
 
 In the autumn lie was again defeated by Minnow — 
 
 For — Wpdnesday, Nov. 4th. — Jockey Club Purse, $400, for all ages, 3 year olds carrying 86 lbs,, ♦— 
 100 lbs., 5 — 110 lbs., 6 — 118 lbs., 7 and upwards 124 lbs., allowing 3 lbs. for mares and geld 
 ings. Two-mile heats. 
 
 D. F. Kenner's d. g. Minnow, by Voucher out of Dolphin by Imp, Leviathan, 3 years, 1 1 
 
 E. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Glencoe out of Gipsey, 3 years, ..•..22 
 
 D. J. Minor's ch. c. Vandyke, by Imp. Belshazzar out of Imp. Britannia, 4 years, . . 3 dst. 
 
 Time, 3.43-5.36 J. 
 
 And in the month ensuing he closed his campaign on the 
 Metairie Course. 
 
 Sunday, Dec. 9th. — Purse, $250, for all ages, weight as above. Two-mile heats. 
 
 E. Ten Broeck's ch. c. Pryor, by Glencoe out of Gipsey, 3 years old, 11 
 
 A. Lecomte & Co.'s Corinne, by Imp. Glencoe dam by Imp. Sarpedon, 3 years, ... 2 2 
 
 B. Eiley's ch. g. Eed Ox, by Pat Galway out of Ha'penny, 4 years old, carried 5 lbs. extra, 8 8 
 
 Time, 4.13-^.lT. 
 
 NATCHEZ, MISS., SPRING EACES. 
 
 PIIARSALIA COURSE. 
 PRYOR AND LECOMTE— PRYOR THE VICTOR. 
 
 Third Day. — Tlie race which took place at Natchez on Sat- 
 urday last, four-mile heats, between Pryor and Lecomte, was, I 
 think, almost equal to any I ever witnessed, stamping both of 
 the contending nags as first-rate horses, and proving conclusive- 
 ly to my mind that Lecomte is a gamer and better horse than I 
 had previously given him credit for. The difficulties which he 
 encountered in the prosecution of his tedious land journey from 
 Alexandria to Natchez, could not have been instrumental in 
 improving his condition, which, however, to appearance was 
 all that could be desired. His eye was clear and bright, as was 
 his skin, and his proud defiant air, and elastic step, betokened 
 ability to go the pace, and keep it. In his exercise, which I 
 particularly noticed the day before the race, I was much pleased 
 with the style in which he came down the quarter stretch. He 
 looked as if he could fairly fly. He had no superfluous flesh 
 upon him, and in short, upon stripping for the race, he looked 
 the perfection of a horse. 
 
 Of Pryor but little was known, and therefore little was ex- 
 pected. Twice had he met Mr. Kenners filly Minnow, and in 
 
PETOR AND LECOMTE. 355 
 
 both instances he was compelled to yield the palm of superi- 
 ority to her powers — tlie latter race of two-mile heats was the 
 longest distance he had ever i-nn. In his race with Le Roi, 
 three days previously, he had developed extraordinary fleetness, 
 and the purity of his blood, and the general excellence of his 
 form, gave promise ot endurance which lured his trainer to the 
 desperate chance of attacking even so formidable a rival as the 
 renowned Lecomte, of 7.2G memory. A better bred or more 
 gallant steed ne'er struck the ground than Pryor, and in this 
 contest well and nobly has he sustained the exalted reputation 
 that his ancestors, on the maternal side, years long gone by, 
 established upon the American Tuif by their glorious achieve- 
 ments. 
 
 The Fharsalia Course, at be^t a slow one, according to esti- 
 mates of those who, for many years, have trained and run 
 horses upon it, was not less than from twelve to fifteen seconds 
 slower than in its best condition, and yet the time made upon 
 this occasion, if I have not been misinformed, was better than 
 any every before made upon the course. This speaks trumpet- 
 tongued, and fully explains the superiority of the contestants, 
 and tlie excellence of their condition. 
 
 There was but little betting at the commencement of the 
 race — 100 to 15 in some instances — 100 to 20 for a while cur- 
 rent — more hundreds than twenties on Lecomte. 
 
 The lack of changes or variety in the race, precludes the 
 necessity of a very lengthy description. It was evident, from 
 the start, that the instructions to Pryor's rider were, " wait and 
 win," and he fulfilled them to the letter, and rode the race 
 throughout in a style that would have given credit to Gil. Pa- 
 trick. 
 
 Pryor went oflf with the lead, but resigned it to Lecomte at 
 the commencement of the back stretch, and took position about 
 three lengths in his rear. These positions were but slightly 
 changed during three and a half miles, the pace, however, visi- 
 bly increased in the second and third miles. On the fourth mile 
 they were running at tell-tale stroke. Just after passing the 
 half-mile post, Pryor made play, and, by a terrific burst of 
 speed, passed his competitor like a dart, amidst the most un- 
 earthly and deafening shouts I ever heard. The run liorae was 
 
356 THE HOESE. 
 
 at a rapid fliglit, and for a while exciting ; Lecomte, however, 
 could not reach his wirj antagonist, who came to the stand 
 about a clear length in the lead. Tlie time of the fourth mile, 
 1.52 ! of the heat, 7.47. 
 
 The problem of Pryor's ability to go another four miles 
 was not yet solved to the satisfaction of his friends, and at the 
 pace which it was certain Lecomte would carry him the next 
 heat, they well knew lie had to be a trump. He looked, how- 
 ever, as if he could go to Salisbury, N. C, and his appearance 
 and behavior, before starting for the second heat, inspired 
 fresh confidence in his friends, who backed him heavily at even, 
 to win. 
 
 Lecomte was evidently not a little the worse for wear. 
 "When he stopped, he "blew out" strong and heartily, but a 
 short time before starting again he had a quick " sheep blow," 
 which plainly indicated that he was tired, and his conduct dur- 
 ing the remainder of the race impelled me to the conviction 
 which I have expressed at the commencement of this report. 
 Throughout the whole race, gallantly and faithfully did he re- 
 spond to each call made upon him — but in vain ; it was too 
 evident that he was overmatched. 
 
 The second heat was almost a repetition of the first, save 
 that it was faster, which, under the circumstances, astonished 
 all who witnessed it. Lecomte was determined to " do or die." 
 Pryor equally determined to allow him to regulate the pace, 
 until it suited his rider to take the lead. Yery nearly at the 
 same sjDot as in the first heat he made a terrific dash, and gave 
 him the go-by at a sort of telegraphic speed, and came in, I am 
 constrained to say, an easy winner. About tliat time, and for 
 several minutes afterward, it would have been somewhat difii- 
 cult to " hear any thing drop." The time of the heat, 7.44f . 
 
 SUMMAET. 
 Saturday, March 15 — Association Purse, $S00, for all ages, weights as above. Four-milo heata. 
 A. L. Bingaman's — E. Ten Broeck's — ch. c. Pryor, pedigree above, 3 yrs. . ..11 
 
 Thos. J. Wells' ch. h. Lecomte, by Boston, out of Eeel, 5 yrs. ...... 2 2 
 
 FIKST HEAT. 
 
 Time of first mile, 2.00 
 
 Time of second mile, 1.57 
 
 Time of third mile, 1.58 
 
 Time of fourth mile, 1.52 
 
 6EC0RD HEAT. 
 
 Time of first mile, 1.56 
 
 Time of second mile, l.SfJ 
 
 Time of third mile 1.58 
 
 Time of fourth mile, 1.54 
 
 Time of first heat, T.4T Time of second heat, 7.4-l| 
 
 Track heavy. 
 
 ^ew Orleans Picayune, 
 
PERFORMANCES OF PRYOR. 357 
 
 In the month of July, 1856, he was sent with Lecomte and 
 Prioress, Mr. Ten Broeck's string, by the City of Edinburgh to 
 Glasgow, and is now understood to be in training on IsTewmarket 
 heath. It is understood that their owner entertains higlier 
 liopes and expectations of this horse, than his performances 
 would appear exactly to justify, but his sagacity and judgment 
 are such, and have been so rarely proved, that it were unwise 
 greatly to distrust the conclusions to which he may have delib- 
 erately come, on grounds best known to himself. 
 
 FASHION JOCKEY CLUB KACES. 
 
 APRIL SPRING MEETING, 1856. 
 
 Second Race — Second Day. — Tliere were three entries for 
 the Jockey Club stakes, four-mile heats — Pryor, Floride, and 
 Augusta ; the latter paid forfeit ; in town on Tuesday and 
 Wednesday morning, Floride was the favorite, but as the race 
 was postponed, all bets made previous to the postponement are 
 void. On the course, Pryor was the favorite at 100 to 75, and a 
 large amount of money was laid out at these odds — one gentle- 
 man winning not less than $10,000. 
 
 Pryor drew the track, and an excellent start was effected. 
 Floride soon went in front, and passed the stand a length ahead 
 the first mile, Pryor making a waiting race of it until reaching 
 the first quarter of the last mile, when he went up, and they 
 passed the half mile post lapped, Pryor winning handily by 
 three lengths. 
 
 Second Heat. — 100 to 20 and 100 to 10 were now offered on 
 Prj'or, but few or no takers could be found, as it was thought 
 that Floride could not make her way through the heavy course. 
 Floride led off, and took the track after making the first turn. 
 The running from here to the end was similar to that in the 
 first heat, Pryor waiting till .the last half mile, when he went 
 up, passed, and won by two lengths. Floride is a beautiful 
 mare, but Pi-yor is a perfect specimen of a race-horse. 
 
358 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 The following is a summaiy of tlie day's sport : — 
 
 Thursday, June 19 — Jockey Club stakes for all ages, weights as before. Three subs, at $200 each, 
 $100 ft. If two shall start, the Club will add $900 ; if three, $1,200 ; if four, or more, $1,500 ; 
 if three or more shall start, then the second best to receive back its entrance money. 
 Four-mile heats. 
 E. Ten Broeck"s ch. c. Pryor, by imp. Glencoe, out of Gipsey by Eclipse, 4 yrs. . .11 
 T. J. Woolfolk's ch. m. Floride, by Wagner, dam by Imp. Glencoe, 5 yrs. ... 2 2 
 Calvin Green's b. f. Augusta, pedigree above, 4 yrs. pd. ft. 
 
 FIEST HEAT. 
 
 Time of first mile, 2,0S 
 
 Time of second mile, .... 2.06 
 
 Time of third mile. . , . . . 2.02i 
 
 Time of fourth mile, .... 2.01 
 
 Time of first heat, 8.1 7f 
 
 SECOND HEAT. 
 
 Time of first mile, 2.14 
 
 Time of second mile, .... 2.10J 
 
 Time of third mile, 1.58i 
 
 Time of fourth mile, .... 1.56} 
 
 Time of second heat. 
 
 8.19 
 
 Same day — Association stake for three-year-olds, weights as before. Four subs, at $300 each, $100 
 
 ft., with $300 added. Mile heats. 
 Wm. H. Gibbon's ch. g. Nicholas I., by imp. Glencoe, out of Nannie Ehodes by Wagner, 1 1 
 
 Calvin Green's b. c. by imp. Glencoe, out of Darkness by Wagner, 3 2 
 
 R. Ten Broeck's b. f. Prioress (late Poison), by imp. Sovereign, out of Reel by imp. 
 
 Glencoe, , . 2 dist 
 
 F. Morris's br. f. Etiquette, pedigree above, pd. ft. 
 
 Time, 1.55— l.dTJ. Track heavy. 
 
 A very numerous assemblage of spectators "was j)resent, and 
 quite a large number of ladies, -whose smiling countenances lent 
 a charm to the scene ■which is too frequently -wanting on our 
 courses ; and the -way they (the ladies) entered into the sport, 
 ■was a caution to persons -who think it a sin to laugh on Sunday, 
 or -witness a contest of speed between the noblest of the brate 
 creation, although they object not to attend in thousands to 
 witness a trial of strength between two yoke of powerful oxen 
 drawing a load of several tons up hill. Two of these ladies, 
 by the way, finding the reporters' stand a very convenient place 
 from which to view the race, took advantage of our temporary 
 absence, and possession of our seat, much to our regret, and 
 kept it until the termination of the heat. We were too gallant, 
 of course, to attempt to dislodge them — they did seem to enjoy 
 it so / 
 
 Pryor was tal^en to England, as elsewhere noticed. He ran 
 twice in England, but won nothing. He died October 22, 1S57, 
 of inflammation of the lungs. 
 
ASTEROID. 359 
 
 ASTEEOID. 
 
 AsTEEom, bred by Messrs, J. C. Cbinn & Co., was by Lex- 
 ington. 1st dam Nebula, by imported Glencoe ; 2d dam Blue 
 Bonnet, by imported Hedgeford ; 3d dam Grey Fanny, by Bert- 
 rand ; 4tli dam Grey Fanny, by imported Buzzard ; 5tb dam 
 Arminda, by imported Medley; 6th dam Arminda, by im- 
 ported Bolton ; 7th dam Sally Wright by Yorick ; 8th dam 
 a thorough-bred mare of Col. Tayloe's, Mount Airy, Ya. 
 
 For Lexington's pedigree and performances, see memoir, 
 page 303. 
 
 iN^ebula, Asteroid's dam, was a grey filly foaled in 1852, bred 
 by Messrs. J. C. Chinn & Co. IS'ebula was never trained, con- 
 sequently has no turf career. We give below her produce as far 
 as known, which we believe covers them all. 
 
 nebula's pkoduce. 
 
 1859— b. f. Luna, by Lexington ; 
 
 1860 — b. f. Sue Lewis, by Lexington; 
 
 ISiJl — b. c. Asteroid, by Lexington ; 
 
 1862 — b. c. Asterisk, by Ringgold ; 
 
 1863— gr. c. Astor, by Lexington, crippled as suckling ; 
 
 1864 — missed to Lexington ; 
 
 18G5 — gr. c. Aneroid, (alias Hotspur), by Lexington. 
 
 She died at Indianapolis, Indiana, on her way to Illinois after 
 foaling Aneroid, who was reared by hand. 
 
 Glencoe, bred by Lord Jersey, in 1831, was by Sultan out 
 of Trampoline, by Tramp, her dam Web by Waxy, she out of 
 Penelope by Trumpator, etc., etc., etc. 
 
 Glencoe started eight times in 1834, and won six. The 
 Eiddlesworth Stakes at Newmarket ; the Desert Stakes at New- 
 
360 THE HORSE. 
 
 market ; the 2000 Guineas at JN'ewmarket ; the Gold Cup at 
 Goodwood ; the Racing Stakes at Goodwood ; the Garden Stakes 
 at Newmarket. In 1835 he won the Gold Cup at Ascot, and 
 challenged for the Whip at Newmarket, which was not accepted. 
 
 Glencoe was withdrawn from the turf after this race, and 
 shortly afterwards purchased by Mr. James Jackson, Florence, 
 Ala,, who sent an order to England to purchase the best horse in 
 the market for sale. After his purchase Mr. Jackson permitted 
 him to make the season of 1836 in England. From this season 
 sprang the celebrated Pocahontas, who has placed his name 
 highest upon the scroll of fame, and linked it imperishably for all 
 time with the brightest pages of the English turf, through her 
 three distinguished sons Stockwell, Rataplan and King Tom. 
 
 Glencoe stood in this country from 1837 to 1857, twenty 
 years. Amongst the most distinguished of his get, we would 
 name Reel, Budelight, Aduella, Peytona, Fanny King, Moth, 
 Susan Hill, Torchlight, Frankfort, Highlander, Nannie Lewis, 
 Pryor, Aldelgisa, Harper, Blonde, Charmer, Star Daris, Yandal, 
 "Wild Irishman, Sallie Waters, Hugh L. French, Rigadoone, Top- 
 sy. Magnolia, Bonnie Lassie, Bonnie Laddie, Nannie Clark, 
 Nicholas, Rhoda, Novice, and Nebula. 
 
 Glencoe died August 25th, 1857, in the 27th year of his age, 
 and he has been of inestimable value to the country as a breeder; 
 no horse either native or imported surpasses or equals him as to 
 brood mares. To Reel, by imp. Glencoe, we owe Lecomte, 
 Starke and Prioress ; Fanny King produced Brown Dick ; Nan- 
 nie Lewis produced Aldebaran ; Topaz produced Waterloo, 
 Austerlitz, Wagram, Colton and Lodi ; Magnolia produced 
 Princeton, Skedaddle, and the noted brothers Daniel Boone and 
 Kentucky ; Rhoda produced Fleetwing ; Novice produced the 
 renowned Norfolk ; Nebula produced Asteroid, Sue Lewis and 
 Asterisk ; and finally Goodwood and Idlewild were both from 
 Glencoe mares. But few first-class horses on the turf in the last 
 ten years but were out of Glencoe mares, and they have as a 
 general thing nicked well with Lexington. 
 
asteroid's perfoemances. 361 
 
 description of asteroid. 
 
 Asteroid is a darkisli bay, foaled in 1861, bred by Messrs. J. 
 C. Cliinn & Co., and purchased by the late E.. A. Alexander, 
 Esq., wben a yearling, along with Blue Bonnet, Nebula, and 
 others. The late Mr. Boyden was a joint owner of Blue Bonnet 
 and her produce. He died during the war in Yirginia, and the 
 surviying partner, the late Judge Chinn of Ilarrodsburg, Ky., 
 sold the stock to Mr. Alexander. 
 
 Asteroid stands 15 hands 1| inches high without shoes. He 
 has a large star about the size of a silver dollar in the forehead. 
 His legs are black from a little above the knees to the hocks, 
 with white on both hind pasterns nearly to the joint, and black 
 spots in white around the coronet. His near fore-heel is white, 
 extending in a narrow strip around the coronet, but so mingled 
 with black spots and hau's as to give it a greyish appearance. He 
 has a Glencoe head, Koman in character, well set on a stout and 
 longish neck, running into beautiful and well-laid shoulders. 
 He has great length, immensely stout back, well coupled, fine 
 quarters and hips, with large stifles and great driving powers. 
 His arms are large and strong, immense length from hip to hocks, 
 good legs, long elastic pasterns, with sound feet. His action was 
 superb, and when in motion impressed you greatly with Ms 
 strength and power. 
 
 asteroid's PERFORMANCES. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., Thnrrday, May 19th, ISC^l— Sweepstakes for three-year-old colts and fillies; 
 $100 entrance, C^O forfeit ; $300 added (10 subscribers). Value of stake $1350. Weight 
 90 pounds. E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, by Lexington, dam Nebula by Imp. 
 
 Glencoe 11 
 
 T. Ward's b. c. Tipperary, by Ringgold, dam Rosana, by Imp. Chesterfield . . . .3 2 
 Reber & Kiertz' b. c. Scotland, by Imp. Bonnie Scotland, dam by Imp. Monarch . 2 3 
 
 Time 1471—1-16-1. 
 
 t 
 
 Asteroid the favorite two to one over the others. First heat 
 won by two lengths, the second by a head. He was laboring 
 under bucked shins. 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Monday, Sept. 20th, 18C4— Sweepstakes for three-year-old colts and fillies, 
 $100 entrance, $30 forfeit; the Club to add $200— mile heats— value of stake $600. 
 
 R. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, pedigree above 11 
 
 J. Harper's gr. c. Loadstone, by Lexington, out of Blue Bonnet 8 2 
 
 J. Ford's br. c. Grant, by Lexington, dam by Imp. Glencoe 2. 3 
 
 Time 147£-147|. 
 
362 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Asteroid favorite against the pair. Both heats won easily. 
 
 Same Meeting, Friday, Sept. 30tli, 18C4— Sweepstakes for three-year-old colts and fillies, two 
 mile heats, value of stake $000. 
 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid 11 
 
 J. Harper's b. f. Easter by Endorser, dame Helen Swigert 2 2 
 
 Time, 406— 406-^ Track muddy. 
 
 Asteroid favorite three to one. Won easily. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., Oct. 10th, 1864— A sveeepstakes for three-year-old colts and Allies, mile heats 
 $100 each, half forfeit; the Association added $750 (7 subscribers). Value of stakes $1250. 
 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid 11 
 
 J. M. Clay's ch. f. Georgia Woods, by Imp. Knight of St. George, dam Margaret Woods, 
 
 by Imp. Priam 2 2 
 
 J. W. Ford's br. c. Grant, pedigree above 3 3 
 
 Time, 1481—1501. 
 
 Same Meeting, Oct. 14th, 18G4— A sweepstakes for three-year-olds, two mile heats, $200 each ; 
 
 half forfeit, and the Association added $1000 (6 subscribers). Value of stake $1700. 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid— walked over. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., May 9th, 1865 — A sweepstakes for four-year-olds, mile heats, three in five, $500 
 entrance, $250 forfeit ; $1000 added (5 subscribers). Value of stake $3000. 
 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years old 2111 
 
 C. C. Fife's b. c. Young Bonnie Scotland, by Imp. Bonnie Scotland, dam Young 
 
 Fashion, by Imp. Monarch ,..1232 
 
 H. Taylor's b. f. Prairie Bird, by Imp. Sovereign, dam by Boston . . . 3 3 2 3 
 Time, 150i—148i— 150^-1495. 
 
 Asteroid the favorite, second, third, and fourth heats won, 
 each by from two to three lengths. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., June 0th, 1805 — Jockey Club Purse $600, two mile heats, for all ages. 
 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years 11 
 
 J. Harper's gr. c. Loadstone, 4 years 2 2 
 
 TIME. 
 
 First heat. Second heat. 
 
 First mile 149 1-14 
 
 Second mile , . 147^ 154 
 
 33G1 338 
 
 The best description of this race, and indeed about the only 
 one extant, we take from the " Spirit of the Times," contributed 
 by a correspondent under the signature of " Sport." The reporter 
 for the Louisville Journal states that the first heat was run in 
 SSSA, and so made by a great many watches. 
 
 On the second day we had the best two-mile race, take it for 
 all in all, that ever was run in the country. The horses were 
 both four-year-old colts by Lexington, one being Asteroid out 
 of ISTebula, by Lnp. Glencoe, and the other the gray colt 
 Loadstone, out of Blue Bonnet, by Imp. Hedgeford. Mr. 
 
astekoid's pekfokmances. 303 
 
 Alexander bred tliem botli and sold the latter, wlien a 
 yearling, to John Harper." Asteroid was the favorite at 
 100 to 40. He looked to me a little high in flesh, but Mr. 
 Alexander and old Ansel were well satisfied with him and con- 
 fident of winning. The gray colt was brought out last year and 
 showed fine speed, but did nothuig equal to the reputation of the 
 famous family to which he belongs. He has much improved, 
 and is, I think, likely to train on and improve more yet. There 
 was great interest manifested in the colts, and many predictions 
 were made as to time. IlTobody, however, put it as low as the 
 horses ran. They are close relations, for Asteroid's dam, Ne- 
 bula, was by Glencoe out of Blue Bonnet, Loadstone's dam. 
 
 First Heat. — Asteroid made the running at a good pace, the 
 gray keeping well up. The first half mile was 55s. They then 
 bettered the pace a little, and the mile was run in Im. 49s., the 
 gray being close to Asteroid as they passed the stand. The gray 
 now made an eflort for the lead, and at the turn had the best of 
 it by a neck, which was no sooner perceived than a thundering 
 shout was raised by his friends and the takers of the odds. But 
 Asteroid now put on steam, and for above a quarter of a mile 
 they ran neck and neck. The sight was very beautiful. In 
 power and grace of action they are both superb, and they were 
 doing about their best, no doubt. They ran together, literally 
 head and head, past the half-mile and down behind the grove. 
 The interest was intense while they were lost to sight, for it was 
 felt that one viiist have some advantage by the time they opened 
 out again. When they appeared in sight. Asteroid was in the 
 lead, but the gray at his girths. Loadstone's rider now gathered 
 him together for a rush on the homestretch. The colt made a 
 gallant effort, but Asteroid was too stout and speedy to be col- 
 lared. He won it in 3m. SGjs., the second mile being run in Im, 
 471 s. 
 
 Second Heat. — It was a hundred to twenty on Asteroid, but 
 this was taken freely. The friends of the gray had lost but little 
 of heart or hope, for he had proved himself a race-horse all 
 over, though beaten in the heat. At the start the gray colt 
 
 * Mr. Alexander did not breed either of them. They were purchased hy him, when 
 yearlings. 
 
36-i THE HOKSE. 
 
 made the running at great speed in a desperate effort to get a 
 strong lead or cut down Asteroid. He was lialf a length ahead 
 of the latter for the first half-mile, but then Asteroid gained inch 
 hj inch, both being thoroughly extended and running very fast. 
 They were close lapped all the way round, and at the distance 
 stand on the stretch Loadstone still had a short head the best of 
 it. At the string'j however, the bay colt's nose was in front, and 
 the mile was Im. •^s. Asteroid now took a clear lead, and won 
 the heat without any apparent trouble, in 3m. 38s., the second 
 mile being Im. 54:S. Some placed Loadstone first by a short 
 head when they crossed the string at the end of the first mile, 
 but I was in a good position to see, observed them carefully as 
 they ran by, and am satisfied that Asteroid was then half a head 
 in the lead. When they came in Loadstone was tired. Asteroid 
 did not appear to be at all distressed, and in my opinion could 
 have run the last mile of the heat three seconds faster, without 
 being much driven. He had no " persuasion " in either heat, 
 except that of seeing a competitor run by his side nearly all the 
 way. 
 
 Same Meeting, June 10th, 1865 — Jockey Club Purse gSOO for all ages, three mile heats. 
 
 R. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years 1 
 
 J. Harper's g. c. Loadstone, 4 years dis. 
 
 Dr. Weldon's b. c. Dr. Lindsay, 4 years old by Lexington, dam by Imp. Glencoe . dis. 
 
 ,153 
 Time, ■] 153 = 5:49' 
 
 < 203i- 
 
 Cincinnati, O., June 21st, 1865 — Horseman's Purse $000, two mile heats, free for aU ages. 
 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years .11 
 
 J. W. Weldon's ch. g. Red Oak, by Second Altorf, dam by Job aged .... 2 dis. 
 
 TtSIE. 
 
 First mile 150 148 J 
 
 Second mUe 150 1511 
 
 340 340-1- 
 
 Asteroid the favorite $1000 to $100. Won with great ease. 
 
 Same Meeting, June 23d, 1865 -Purse $1000, three mile heats, for all ages. 
 R. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years— walked over. 
 
 About this time great anxiety existed to see Kentucky and 
 Asteroid meet, and with that view the following challenge was 
 issued July 8th, 1865 : 
 
ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY. 365 
 
 Challenge for $25,000 a side ! at Two or Three Mile Heats, 
 $5000 allowed the jyarty accepting to defray expenses. 
 
 As nearly all the prominent liorses are engaged at Saratoga, 
 I propose the following offer to them : 
 
 I will run Kentucky two or three mile heats, over the Sara- 
 toga Course, on any day between the first and sixth of August 
 next that the accepting party may designate, for from $10,000 
 to $25,000 a side, half forfeit, to be deposited in the United 
 States Life and Trust Company, in the City of ]^ew York, at 
 the time of acceptance, and the day of running to be then 
 named ; and I will give the party accepting this offer 20 per 
 cent, of the money they put up to defray their expenses, should 
 Keutucky win. 
 
 John Hunter, 
 
 Care of W. R. Tr avers & Co., 
 
 19 William Street, K Y. 
 
 On the 5th of August, 1865, the following reply appeared in 
 the "Turf, Field, and Farm." 
 
 THE ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY CONTROVERSY. 
 
 In our first number, Aug. 5th, we published a letter received 
 by us from Mr. Alexander, worded as follows : 
 
 SPKma Station, Woodford Co., Ky., July 27, 1865. 
 
 John Hunter, Esq. — Dear Sir : I have seen your proposi- 
 tion to run Kentucky against all horses engaged at Saratoga, for 
 from $10,000 to $25,000 a side, half-forfeit, etc. 
 
 I have always been opposed to making or encouraging lig 
 matches, for various reasons. In the first place, it partakes more 
 of gambling than I like ; in the second place, it not unfrequently 
 creates no little ill feeling between the parties engaged, and as 
 men are more often carried away by their sympathies for one or 
 other of the horses, in match races than in others, more money 
 is usually won and lost, and often to an injurious extent. These 
 are some of my reasons for disliking to engage in any heavy 
 match ; but as your proposition has been considered by many as 
 
366 THE HORSE. 
 
 a direct challenge to run Kentucky against Asteroid, and my 
 engagements having been sucli as to have determined me, ere 
 your challenge appeared, not to take my horse to Saratoga : 
 
 I l)eg to say that I will run Asteroid against Kentucky, two 
 races, for ten thousand dollars ($10,000) a side, each race, half 
 forfeit, one to be three-mile heats, the other to bo four-mile 
 heats ; the first to be run at Cincinnati, over the course there, 
 the last over the Louisville course ; each race to come off on 
 the Saturday previous to the regular Autumn meetings at these 
 points. 
 
 Should the two races be run, I will give you a sum equivalent 
 to twenty (20) per cent, of the money you put up, whether you 
 win or lose, to cover expenses, risk, etc., in bringing your horse 
 so far from home. If only one race is run, the 20 per cent, will 
 be allowed only on the amount you put up in that race. 
 
 As some of our friends have ascertained that traveling is no 
 disadvantage to a race-horse, I hope you will come west and let 
 Kentucky snuff his native air once more ; I think our tracks are 
 as good as those in the east, and a horse owned east of the 
 Alleghanies will be as great a curiosity on a course in this sec- 
 tion of country as one of my entries would be were he to appear 
 to run for the Jersey Derby, St. Leger or Saratoga Cup. How- 
 ever, war being over, we may be able to support one another 
 better ; and I now tell you that I not only hope to beat Ken- 
 tucky, should he come west, but hope also to win more than one 
 Derby and St. Leger with colts not only entered in my name, 
 but run as my property, unless indeed I shall be ruled out for 
 non-appearance within a certain time, of which in strict justice I 
 should have due notice. 
 
 I am yours, very truly, 
 
 R. AiTCHisoN Alexander. 
 
 P. S. — As yon will have due time to think the match over by 
 Monday, August 7, 1 may here say that I expect this proposition 
 to be accepted or rejected at latest by that time. 
 
 Yours, etc., 
 
 R. A. A. 
 
ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY. 367 
 
 Mr. Hunter replied to the proposition as follows : 
 
 Saratoga, jST. Y., August 4, 1865. 
 
 R. AiTCHisoN Alexander, Esq. — Dear Sir : I have received 
 your letter, post-marked Louisville, and bearing date 27th July, 
 proposing to run Asteroid against Kentucky at Cincinnati and at 
 Louisville, this fall, two races, for ten thousand dollars a side, 
 each race at three and four mile heats, and I beg to say that, 
 inasmuch as your letter limits my consideration of the matter to 
 the 7tli inst., I must respectfully decline to make any acceptance 
 or rejection of the same, within the time allowed. If, however, 
 after the engagements of the impending Saratoga meeting are 
 over, Kentucky shall be in such condition as will warrant further 
 engagements on his part for the approaching fall, I will make 
 another proposition for a meeting between him and Asteroid, 
 which, I trust, will prove acceptable, 
 
 Yery truly yours, 
 
 John Hunter. 
 
 On the 22d of August, Col. S. D. Bruce received the follow- 
 ing dispatch : 
 
 LExrKGTON, Ky., Aug. 21, 1865. 
 
 CoL. S. D. Eruce, ISTo. G2 Liberty Street, New York : 
 
 I authorize you to match Asteroid against Kentucky, two 
 races for ten thousand dollars a side, each race half forfeit ; first 
 race, three miles and repeat, at Cincinnati, 25th of September, 
 second race, four miles and repeat, next August, at Saratoga. 
 Proprietors of Cincinnati track give fifty per cent, of net receipts 
 to winner. See Travers & Osgood. 
 
 (Signed) R. A. Alexander. 
 
 A copy of this dispatch Avas forwarded to Mr. Travers who 
 was at Newport, to which Col. Bruce received the following 
 note : 
 
 Newport, Aug. 23, 1865. 
 Dear Sir : — I have this morning received your dispatch in- 
 forming me of Mr. Alexander's proposal. I have forwarded it 
 to Mr. Hunter, and on hearing from him, will commimicate with 
 you again. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 Col. S. D. Bruce. W. R. Travers. 
 
368 THE nOKSE. 
 
 Mr. Hunter called upon Col. Bruce a short time after tlie re- 
 ception of Mr. Travers' note, and stated tliat lie would accept 
 Mr. Alexander's challenge of the 21st, provided that he (Mr. A.) 
 would appoint the 18th of October for the day of meeting at 
 Cincinnati, instead of the 25th of September. Col. Bruce rej)licd 
 that he had no authority to make the change, but would tele- 
 graph to Mr. Alexander and learn his opinion in regard to it. 
 Mr. Hunter then made the following proposition : 
 
 To Col. S. D. Beuce. — Dear Sir: I have received Mr. 
 Alexander's proposition, sent by you to Mr. Travers, and will 
 state, in reply, that I will accept the proposition dated Lexing- 
 ton, August 21st, 1865, to run Kentucky against Asteroid two 
 races ; the first, of three mile heats, to be run at Saratoga, next 
 summer, provided the first race to be run on the ISth of October, 
 instead of September 25th. This proposal is to be accepted by 
 Saturday noon. 
 
 Truly yours, 
 Kew Toek, August 24. John Huntee. 
 
 The proposition was telegraphed Mr. Alexander without 
 delay. On Saturday Col. Bruce received a dispatch from Mr. 
 Alexander declining the modification of his proposition of the 
 21st, and authorizing (Col. B.) to present one dated the 23d. 
 
 New York, August 26, 1865. 
 To John Huntee, Esq. 
 
 Dea7' Sir : Your modification of the proposition dated Lex- 
 ington, August 21st, and signed R. A. Alexander, proposing to 
 match Asteroid against Kentucky, is not accepted by Mr. 
 Alexander. As the first proposition is declined, I am now 
 authorized to present the following : 
 
 Lexington, Ky., August 23, 1845. 
 To Col. S. D. Beuce, 62 Liberty Street, ]S"ew York : 
 
 I authorize you to match my horse Asteroid, two races, one 
 of three mile heats, the other four mile heats, for ten thousand 
 dollars a side ; each race play or pay ; the first race of three mile 
 heats to come ofiT this autumn over any course in Kentucky to 
 be named by the owners of Kentucky, they giving me thirty 
 
ASTEROID AKD KENTUCKY, 369 
 
 days' notice as to when and where the race is to be run ; the 
 second race four mile heats to be run next year over any course 
 in the State of IS'ew York to be chosen by mo with same notice. 
 The races at Lexington begin on the 9th of October — at Louis- 
 ville on the 23d of October ; each course will give five thousand 
 dollars to the winner. I v/arrant New York Course will do the 
 
 same. 
 
 (Signed) R. A. Alexander. 
 
 I am further authorized to state that the above proposition 
 must be accepted not later than the evening of August 29th. 
 
 S. D. Bruce. 
 
 This closed the correspondence, Mr. Hunter declining to 
 entertain the last proposition. 
 
 Cincinnati, O., Sept. 30, 18G5— Jockey Pui-se $1000; dash of four miles. 
 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years old 1 
 
 Welden & Austen's b. h. Leatherlungs, 5 years old, by Lexington, dam by Imp. Glencoe 2 
 Track deep in mud, won in a canter. 
 
 Tune, 8:23. 
 
 At the Lexington Fall Meeting Mr. Alexander kindly an- 
 nounced that Asteroid would not run during the meeting, as his 
 entrance would destroy sport. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., Oct. 24th, 1835— Jockey Club Purse $400, two mile heats, for all ages. 
 E. A. Alexander's b. c. Asteroid, 4 years — walked over. 
 
 Asteroid met with an accident in the spring of 1866, which 
 prevented him from starting in the races during that spring. 
 Jerome Park was inaugurated the fall of 1866, and a grand stake 
 called the Inauguration Stake, four mile heats, was gotten up 
 and closed with twenty-nine nominations. Asteroid, Kentucky, 
 Fleetwing, and all the noted horses were entered. Asteroid came 
 on to New York to run in this great Inauguration Stake, but 
 broke down just on the eve of the event. The following beautiful 
 notice of the accident appeared in the " Turf, Field, and Farm" 
 of September 29th, 1866: 
 
 "A bright star has faded from the racing firmament. Asteroid 
 has run his last race, and now must retire from the field where 
 bright laurels are won. The pride of the West has broken 
 down, and never more will he carry the colors of Mr, Alexander 
 to a glorious triumph. On the eve of the greatest turf event of 
 Vol. I.— 24 
 
370 
 
 THE IIOESE. 
 
 modern times, by a severe accident be is deprived of tbe power 
 of motion, and witbout a struggle must yield tbe j)alm of victory 
 to bis illustrious rivals. In bis strengtb and pride, witb tbe 
 future looming grandly before bim, be is cut down in a moment, 
 like tbe flowers by a sudden frost, and witb drooping crest must 
 pass sadly from tbe gaze of admiring eyes to wbere tbe clouds 
 bang beaviest and darkest. His star bas set, and tbe otber orbs 
 glow less brigbtly in tbe sky, for witb the radiant ligbt of beaven 
 faded a world of splendor. He journeyed more tban a thousand 
 miles to meet bis great rivals and put fortb a noble effort — make 
 a migbty struggle for tbe cbampionsbip of tbe American turf, 
 and the ink is scarcely dry that recorded his arrival at Jerome 
 Park, before tbe pen must perform tbe sad duty of reporting him 
 unable to appear in tbe great Inauguration race. He was in 
 perfect health a few days ago, and was one of tbe finest pictures 
 of a magnificent race-horse that mortal eyes ever gazed upon, 
 and now be is but a wreck of bis former self. On Saturday be 
 showed signs of lameness, and early on Sunday morning, be was 
 pulled up from a short brush witb the power of one limb destroyed. 
 He sprung the tendon of the right fore-leg so severely that be 
 will never be able to stand the preparation for another race. On 
 Thursday last they run him a trial in the mud, galloped bim 
 again- in the mud on Friday, and it is thought that tbe sprain, 
 which was so fully developed on Sunday, originated in one of 
 these trials on tbe heavy track. Tbe horse was in splendid con- 
 dition, and his trial run was so satisfactory that Mr. Alexander 
 was inspired witb the greatest confidence. Had no accident oc- 
 curred, be claims that tbe winner of tbe Inauguration race would 
 have bad to have beaten Lexington's famous four-mile time by 
 several seconds. On Sunday morning, Ford, who was riding 
 him, Avhen he pulled bim up and found bow^ severe was the 
 accident, dropped tbe reins upon the neck of the high-spirited 
 horse, and burst into tears. Marius, we are told, wept over the 
 ruins of Carthage, and the poet has commemorated tbe act in 
 melodious verse. Manly, then, were tbe tears that fell uj:on 
 the mane of tbe great Asteroid, for eyes never wept — not even 
 those of Marius— over a grander fall — a more magnificent wreck. 
 All of our glorious anticipations, on the eve of their being real- 
 
ASTEROID AND KENTUCKY, 371 
 
 ized, have been destroyed. For more tlian a year the East has 
 waited to welcome Asteroid to the theatre of Kentucky's 
 triumphs, and ere the Vv-elcome is complete, they bid him farewell 
 as he sadly retm'ns to the West, not with gorgeous plumage gayly 
 flaunting in the wind and wearing the badge of victory, but with 
 drooping head and banner trailing in the dust. He leaves us, 
 not like Wellington returning from Waterloo, but like Boabdil, 
 the proud Moorish king, yielding up his possessions to the vic- 
 torious Spaniards, and retiring from the regal halls of his ances- 
 tors. He goes from us with fallen crest, but with a proud, un- 
 broken spirit. He has won his last victory upon the race-course, 
 and henceforth will revel in the delights of the harem and win 
 new victories there. He will find the victories of peace far 
 sweeter than those of war, yet, with sadness we record his retire- 
 ment from the field of glorious strife. The blood of Asteroid 
 will course through other veins, and when we find one of his 
 scions equaling the greatness of the sire, then, like a wandering 
 Pleiad, we will hail another brilliant star to reign in a constella- 
 tion as bright as the Milky Way. Farewell, mighty conqueror 
 of the West, prince of royal blood, and son of a noble sire, 
 though you cannot wear the laurels of the East, your brow is 
 crowned with a wreath of deathless fame ; and voices that would 
 have applauded you in the hour of victory, still applaud thy 
 game spirit, shout " Well done, hero," and lips falter o'er and 
 o'er again — farewell ! 
 
 SUMMARY ASTEEOId's PERFORMANCES. 
 
 1864, started five times, won five. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., won mile stake for 3-year-old8 $1950 00 
 
 Lexington, Ky., won mile stake for 3-year-olds 600 00 
 
 Lexington, Ky., won two mile stake for 3-year-old8 ■ . gQO 00 
 
 Louisville, Ky., won mile stake for 3-year-olds 1250 00 
 
 Louisville, Ky., walked over two mile stake for 3-year-old8 1700.00 
 
 1865, started seven times, won seven. 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., won sweepstake for 4-year-olds, mile heats 3 in 5 .... 3000.00 
 
 LouisviUe, Ky., won Jockey Club Purse, two mile heats 600,00 
 
 Louisville, Ky., won Jockey Club Purse, three mile heats 800.00 
 
 Cincinnati, O., won Horsemen's Purse, two mile heats 600.00 
 
 Cincinnati, O., walked over Purse, three mile heats 1000.00 
 
 Cincinnati, O., won Jockey Club Purse, four mile dash 1000.00 
 
 Louisville, Ky., walked over Jockey Club Purse, two mile heats .... 400.00 
 
 , ^ , Total winning . 13800.00 
 
 Started twelve times, won twelve, three of them walks. 
 
372 THE HOKSE. 
 
 It will be seen by the above that Asteroid never lost a race 
 in Lis sliort and brilliant career. It was the good fortune of the 
 writer to see him in all his races except the two at St. Louis. 
 In no race that we saw him run, could any one form an estimate 
 of what he was capable of doing ; he beat all his horses at all 
 distances with apparent ease. The first race he ran at St. Louis ; 
 he was suffering with bucked shins and was Avhipped in that 
 race, but with that exception he was never struck afterwards 
 with either whip or spur. During the pendency of the cor- 
 respondence between Mr. Hunter and Mr. Alexander, Asteroid 
 was taken to Louisville, Ky., and run a trial of four miles with 
 104 lbs. A fresh horse was started against him each mile, and he 
 beat them all and made the four miles in 7:23|, 
 
 The family from which Asteroid comes, has been one of the 
 most remarkable in the history of the American turf. His dam, 
 E^ebula, was never trained, nor was Luna her first foal. Sue 
 Lewis was a fine mare and possessed an immense turn of speed. 
 Asterisk was a fair race-horse, very speedy for a couple of miles. 
 Aster was crippled at a two-year-old and never trained. Aneroid 
 won some five or six races this last spring in good time. 
 
 Blue Bonnet, the " Old Blue Hen," as she was frequently 
 called, won at all distances from one to four miles. She is better 
 known in the stud as the dam of Little Arthur by Imp. Glencoe, 
 and the four brothers Lightning, Thunder, Loadstone, and Lan- 
 caster, the latter having the best two-mile race on record, 
 335|— 338i. 
 
 Grey Fanny produced Grey Medoc, the best horse of his day 
 who won eighteen races out of twenty-two, and ran four miles 
 in 7:35 ; Kate Aubrey, by A. Eclipse, was a fine race-mare, and 
 is the dam of the celebrated Minnehaha. This family in all its 
 collateral branches back to Sally Wright, by Yorick, have been 
 fine racers and the producers of racers. 
 
 As to Asteroid, we know that Mr. Alexander thought he was 
 the best horse he ever raised or trained, and held him in much 
 higlier esteem than ITorfolk. He was frequently offered high 
 prices for Asteroid, once $30,000, which he declined, determin- 
 ing not to sell but keep him as a stallion. Asteroid was placed 
 in the stud in 18G7, the oldest of his colts are two-year-olds this 
 
ASTEKOID AND KENTUCKY. 373 
 
 spring, too young to form any estimate of their racing qualities. 
 The vexed question of superiority between Asteroid and Ken- 
 tucky — Norfolk having gone to California — will have to be settled 
 by their progeny; and we have no doubt that both will be 
 credited with sons and daughters worthy of their famous sii'e. 
 
374 THE HORSE. 
 
 KEE^TUCKT. 
 
 Kentucky, bred by John M, Clay, Esq., Ashland, near Lexing- ' 
 ton, Ky., was by Lexington. 1st dam Magnolia, by imported 
 Glencoe ; 2d dam imported Myrtle, by Mameluke ; 3d dam 
 Bobadilla, by Eobadil; 4th dam Pythoness, by Sorcerer; 5th 
 dam Princess, by Sir Peter ; 6th dam by Dungannon ; 7th dam 
 by Tnrf ; 8th dam by Herod ; 9th dam Golden Grove, by Blank ; 
 10th dam Spinster, by Crofts' Partner; 11th dam Bay Bloody 
 Buttocks, by Bloody Buttocks; 12th dam by Greyhound; 13tli 
 dam by Makeless ; 14th dam by Brimmer; 15th dam by Place's 
 White Turk: IGth dam by Dodsworth ; 17th dam Layton Barb 
 Mare. 
 
 For Lexington's pedigree and performances, see memoir, 
 page 303. 
 
 Magnolia, the dam of Kentucky, a chesnut filly, bred by 
 James R. Jackson, Florence, Ala., in 1841, by Imp. Glencoe. 
 She was presented to Hon. Henry Clay, by Dr. W. IST. Mercer, 
 in 1845. Like Nebula, Magnolia never appeared in public. 
 
 magi\olia's peoduce. 
 
 1847— b. f. Magic, by imported Yorlishire. 
 
 1848— missed to Boston. 
 
 1849— ch. f. Madeline, by Boston. 
 
 1850 — b. f. Madonna, by imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1851— cb. c. Charley Ball, by Wagner. 
 
 1852 — ch. c. Princeton, by imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1853 — ^missed to imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1854 — br. c. Charley Morgan, by imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1855 — b. c. Hanover, by imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1856— br. c. Daniel Boone, by Lexington. 
 
 1857— missed to Wagner. 
 
 1858— b. c. Simon Kenton, by imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1859— b. c, by Wagner (died a foal). 
 
 1860— ch. f. Skedaddle, by imported Yorkshire. 
 
 1861— b. c. Kentucky, by Lexington. 
 
 1863— b. c. Gilroy, by Lexington. 
 
 1863— missed. 
 
 1864— ch. c. Victory, by Uncle Vic. 
 
KENTUCKY. 
 
 375 
 
 She died in 1864 after foaling Yictory, who was reared by 
 Land. 
 
 For performances of Imp. Glencoe, see Asteroid's memoir. 
 
 DESCEIPTION OF KENTUCKY. 
 
 Kentucky is a rich bay, bred by John M. Clay, Esq., Ash- 
 land, near Lexington, Ky., foaled in 1861, now the property of 
 Angust Belmont, Esq. He stands over fifteen and a half hands 
 high, with a blaze in the face running down to the nostrils. The 
 off fore-foot is white half way to the knee, with some little white 
 on near fore-foot, before and behind. He has a beautiful and 
 expressive head, rather short strong neck, running into superb 
 sloping shoulders ; an immense girth ; a short back and tre- 
 mendous quarters and stifles; good fore-legs, clean hocks, and 
 sound feet and legs. His action is truly beautiful and magnifi- 
 cent ; nothing could exceed his easy and graceful stride. 
 
 KENTUCKY'S PEEFOKMANCES. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., Oct. Cth, 1863— Sweepstakes for two-year-olds; §100 entrance, $50 forfeit; 
 
 one mile (9 subscribers). Value of stake $900. 
 J. M. Clay's b. c. Kentucky, by Lexington, clam Magnolia by Imp. Glencoe ... 1 
 
 J. Ackermau's cli. c. Eagle, by Vandal, dam by Imp. Sovereign 2 
 
 J. S. Watson's b. f. Minnie Minor, by Lexington, dam Julia by Imp. Glencoe ... 3 
 
 1:492. 
 Won easy by three lengths. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., June 7th, 18(54— The Jersey Derby sweepstakes, $1000 for three-year-olds; 
 $50 entrance, p. or p. ; one and a half miles. 
 
 R. A. Alexander's b. c. Norfolk, by Lexington, out of Novice 1 
 
 Z. Ward's b. c. Tipperary, by Ringgold, dam Roxana, by Imp. Chesterfield ... 2 
 
 P. C. Ackerman's ch. c. Eagle, pedigree above 3 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky , ■* 
 
 Twelve started. 
 
 Time 2:40i. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., June 9th, 1864— The Sequel Stakes for three-year olds, $100 each, half forfeit, 
 and $300 added. Dash of two miles. Value of stake $1200 (15 subscribers). 
 
 John Uunter's b. c. Kentucky, 3 years old 1 
 
 F. Morris' b. f. by Imp. Eclipse, dam Esta, by Bolivar 2 
 
 J. S. Watson's ch. f. Relief, by Ringgold, dam Rescue, by Berthuue 3 
 
 Won by three lengths, track deep in mud. 
 
 Time 4:02^. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, Aug. 2d, 18&4— The Travers Stake for three-year-olds, $50 each, play or pay, 
 and $1000 added ; a mile and three-quarters. Colts 100 lbs., fillies 97 lbs. (30 subscribers). 
 Value of-stake $2,500. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky 1 
 
 Z. Ward's b. c. Tipperary 2 
 
 F. Morris' gr. c. by Imp. Eclipse, dam by Imp. Glencoe 3 
 
376 THE noKSE. 
 
 J. S. Watson's br. f. Patte, by Imp. Eclipse, out of Pasta 4 
 
 J. A. Gunstead's ch. c. Ringmaster, by Kinggold, out of Minnie Mansfield ... 5 
 Won in a canter by tliree lengths. 
 
 Time 3:18J. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, Aug. 5th, 1864— Sweepstakes for three-year-olds, glCO each, half forfeit, 
 $500 added. Dash of two miles. The winner of the Travers Stakes 5 lbs. extra. (21 eub, 
 scribers). Value of stake $1750. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 105 lbs,, including 5 lbs. extra 1 
 
 Z. Ward's b. c. Tipperary 100 lbs 2 
 
 W. F. Harper's b. c. Orion, by Revenue, out of Mirth 3 
 
 F. Morris' gr. c, pedigree above 4 
 
 Won by three lengths. 
 
 Time 4:11J. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., Sept. 13th, 1864— The Jersey St. Leger— A sweepstakes for three-year-clds, 
 $50 each, play or pay ; $1000 added ; two miles and a quarter ; colts 100 lbs., fillies 97 lbs. 
 (27 subscribers). Value of stake $2350. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky 1 
 
 Mr. Read's ch. c. by Lexington, out of Lightsome 2 
 
 Mr. Morris' b. f. by Imp. Eclipse, out of Esta by Bolivar 3 
 
 Mr. Gimstead's ch. c. by Mahomet, out of Prunella 4 
 
 Dr. Weldon's b. f. Charlotte F., by Imp. Scythian 5 
 
 Won by a length and a half. 
 
 Time 4:24J. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., Sept. 15th, 1864- The Sequel Stakes of $50 each, and $300 added, for three- 
 year-olds. Two mile dash. The winner of the Derby, Travers Stakes or St. Leger to 
 carry seven pounds extra (13 subscribers). Value of stake $950. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 107 lbs., including 7 lbs. extra 1 
 
 Mr. Reed's ch. c. by Lexington, out of Lightsome, 103 lbs., 3 lbs. extra .... 2 
 
 Mr. Wheatleys' b. f. by Imp. Knight of St. George, out of Levity 3 
 
 Won easily. 
 
 Time 3:50. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., Sept. 17th, 1864— A Match for $5000, with $730 added by the Association ; two 
 
 mile heats. 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, three-year-old, 90 lbs., George Carson .... 1 1 
 
 J. S. Watson's ch. g. Aldebaran, four-year-old, by Commodore, dam Nannie Lewis, 
 
 by Imp. Glencoe, 104 lbs. — W. Bourgoyne 2 2 
 
 TIME. 
 
 First heat 1:53 1:49 
 
 Second heat 1:49 1:51J 
 
 3:47 3:40i 
 
 First Heat. — Kentucky had tlie inside and made running, 
 but at a slow pace. It had been thought Aldebaran would have 
 forced the pace, but he was stiit' and a little lame in the near 
 hind leg. The first mile was run in 1:58, the bay horse a length 
 ahead all the way. As they came by the stand they were only 
 on a strong gallop, and going round the turn they came to an 
 easy canter. Both seemed to have waiting orders. Just before 
 they reached the quarter, Aldebaran being now at Kentucky's 
 
KENTUCKY. 377 
 
 girtlis they set tlieir liorses going in earnest. At the half-niilo 
 pole they were nose and tail, Kentucky in the lead. On the 
 turn Billy Burgoyne made a tine rush, and there was little more 
 than the difference of a head between them. Some cried out 
 that Aldebaran was first, but Kentucky was never headed. The 
 effort up the stretch was good, but the young one had the best 
 of it all the way, and won by a length. Billy punished Alde- 
 baran with vigor, but he could not collar Kentucky. The last 
 mile was run in 1:49, and the last three quarters must have been 
 hot. The heat 3:47. 
 
 Second Heat. — 100 to 30 on the three-year-old and few takers. 
 Kentucky took the lead and Aldebaran kept him busy. The first 
 mile was run in 1:49, and Aldebaran's nose w^as at Kentucky's 
 girths. As soon as they were over the score Billy made a rush 
 for the lead and pole, but Carson Avas on the alert, and, in a 
 spirited brush, Kentucky had clearly the best of it. Alonp- the 
 backstretch Aldebaran was at Kentucky's hip, and on the turn 
 got to his shoulder. But the young one was full of running and 
 won it handily in 3:401. This was a very fine heat. The track 
 was heavy in many places, though getting better every minute 
 under the warm sun. 
 
 In the last struggle up the stretch Aldebaran swerved wide 
 towards the outside when he felt the whip lapping round him. 
 while Kentucky came away and won it at last Avith his ea,rs 
 pricked. It is our impression that he v/as never at his best ex- 
 cept a few strides at a time. Aldebaran would get to him and 
 tackle him resolutely, but the big horse alwaj-s seemed able to 
 get away from him without much trouble. — Spirit of the Times, 
 Sept. 24th, 18G4. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., June Gtli, 1865— Purse $600, for all ages, two mile heats. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-year8-oId, 104 lbs. 11 
 
 J. S. Watson's b. h. Capt. Moore, 5-years-old, by Imp. Ealrownie, dam Jennie Eose, by 
 
 Imp. Glencoe o g 
 
 The first heat won by three lengths, the second heat by a neck. 
 
 Time, 3:C1— 4:02-^ 
 
 Paterson, N. .]., June 9th, 18G3— Purse $1000, for all ages ; three mUe heats. 
 
 J. Hunters b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old, 104 lbs 11 
 
 P. C. Bush's ch. h. Fleetwing, 5-years-old, by Imp. Balrovvnie, dam Ehoda, by Imp. 
 
 Glencoe, 104 lbs 33 
 
 J. S. Watson's ch. h. Aldebaran, 5-years-old, by Commodore, dam Nannie Lewis, by 
 
 Imp. Glencoe, 114 lbs 2di8.. 
 
378 
 
 
 THE nORSE. 
 
 
 
 TIME. 
 
 
 
 Mrst heat. 
 
 Second heat. 
 
 First mile 
 
 2:08 
 
 1:43 
 
 Second mile . 
 
 2:01 
 
 1:51-J 
 
 Third mile 
 
 1:50 
 
 1:54J- 
 
 
 5:59 
 
 5:34 
 
 We take a description of tlie race from tlie " Spirit of tlie 
 Times," June ITth, 18G5: 
 
 Tlie tliircl race was for a purse of 81000, tliree-iinle heats. 
 Three Avere entered, Kentucky, Fleetwing and Aldebaran ; and 
 100 to 80 was hiid on Mr. Travers' colt against the other two. 
 Before the start, the odds on him had grown larger, and two to 
 one was laid. His well-known superiority and the advantage a 
 four-year-old has over all other ages in the weight, justified the 
 confidence of his backers. "\Ve once made an effort to correct 
 the scale in this regard, but Mr. Watson and Colonel Bush, 
 owners of Captain Moore, Aldebaran and Fleetwing, who were 
 then four years old, cried out lustily against the proposed innova- 
 tion. "Yery well, gentlemen," said we, "your colts will be 
 five, six, and aged, before they are four again, and then you will 
 find out how a good four-year-old, with only 104 lbs. up, can run 
 away from you ! " 
 
 First Heat. — Kentucky took the lead at a slow pace, and 
 neither of the others forcing it, the first mile was 2:08, and the 
 second 2:01. On the third mile Aldebaran made a little efiort 
 against Kentucky on the backstretch, but never got to his girths. 
 On the lower turn both the five-year-olds tried to get the lead, 
 but Kentucky easily stalled them off and won by three lengths, 
 without having been well extended, in 5:59. 
 
 Second Heat. — Four to one on Kentucky. He went away 
 and took a lead of a length round the turn, Aldebaran forcing 
 the pace. On the backstretch it was hot, but the bay held the 
 chestnut a length off all the way. They kept it up round the 
 turn and up the stretch to the stand, where Kentucky was a 
 length and a half ahead in 1:48, Fleetwing two lengths from 
 Aldebaran. At the half-mile pole Fleetwing went up to the side 
 of Aldebaran ; but Kentucky never permitted them to get as 
 near to his head as they were to his tail. The second mile vras 
 run in 1:51 1, and Kentucky had two lengths the best of it at the 
 
KENTUCKY. 379 
 
 post. Aldebaran had now had ahuost enough of it, but the 
 thoroughly game son of Bah'ownie, Fleetwiug, fought the battle 
 out to the last stride. Time after time he made desperate 
 struggles to collar the spanking bay colt, but all Abe's skill and 
 Fleetwing's bottom were unequal to the achievement. The third 
 mile was 1:54, and Kentucky won easily by three lengths in 
 5:34. It has been said that this is the best time ever made in the 
 JS^orth, but that is a mistake. The JN^orth, in a racing point of 
 view, is wherever the northern rule of dating age from January 
 1st, in contradistinction to the Southern rule of dating it from May 
 1st, prevails. Kentucky follows the northern rule, and therefore 
 belongs to the l^orthern system. 'Now, at Woodlawn, MolKe 
 Jackson won the third heat of a three-mile race, beatina; Sherrod 
 and Colton, in 5:2Sf . To say that this three miles by Kentucky 
 is the best ever made at the North will lead people to conclude that 
 none ever beat it except such as had the advantage in regard to 
 age, which gave them a year in weight any time before the 1st 
 of May. The fact is otherwise : MoUie Jackson, at Woodlawn, 
 beat it five seconds and a quarter. 
 
 On the 8th of July, 18G5, Mr. Hunter issued his challenge 
 for $25,000 a side, at two or three mile heats, which will be found 
 under Asteroid's memoir. 
 
 Saiatoga Springs, Aug. 8th, 18C5— The Saratoga Cup for §1000 for all ages ; added to a sweep- 
 stakes of $50 play or pay; dash of two and one quartet- miles (18 subscribers). Value of 
 etake $1900. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old 1 
 
 J. S. Watson's b. h. Capt. Moore, 5-years-old 2 
 
 Ward and McGrath's ch. h. Ehinodyne, 6-years-old, by Wagner, dam Ann Watson, by 
 
 Imp. Glencoe 3 
 
 Time, 4:01>. 
 
 We take the subjoined notice of the race from the " Turf, 
 Field and Farm" of the 12th of August, 18G5 : 
 
 The day was one of the most beautiful and delightful of the 
 season, the course in fine condition ; the attendance much larger 
 and more fashionable than on the first day. The ladies (God 
 bless them) the life and soul of all genuine and gentlemanly 
 amusements, turned out in strong force. We would suggest the 
 propriety of getting up a matrimonial stake for the next year, 
 
380 THE HORSE. 
 
 and each succeeding one, in which onl}^ young men, bachelors 
 and widowers should be allowed to enter horses. The winner to 
 be allowed to select a young lady or matron from the numerous 
 candidates in attendance, who should marry him at once : we 
 are confident, no race would afford finer sport, and certainly 
 none would bring to the post a larger field of horses. The bet- 
 ting on the cup race was quite spirited, until it w%ns rumored 
 that Beacon would not start. Kentucky was decidedly the 
 favorite, selling in the pools at $700 to $400 against the balance, 
 and before the start bets were made at 3 and 4 to 1 against the 
 field, with but few takers. Much to the disappointment of the 
 crowd, at the call for the horses, only three appeared, Kentucky, 
 Capt. Moore, and Rhino dyne. They were paraded in front of 
 the stand and taken to the head of the front stretch for the start. 
 At the signal, Kentucky had a slight lead, with Rhinodyne in 
 the second position. The pace was tremendous ; the first quarter 
 was passed with Kentucky leading by half a length in 26 sec- 
 onds, Rhinodyne second, Capt. Moore about three lengths in the 
 rear. On they rush, with the speed of quarter horses, Kentucky 
 rather increasing his advantage down the back stretch. Around 
 the turn Capt. Moore made play and passed Ehinodyne, who 
 faltered as though his leg had given away, which we are sorry 
 to say was too true. They passed the stand at the end of the 
 first mile and a quarter with Kentucky leading by a length, 
 Capt. Moore second ; Billy Burgoyne on Moore took a strong- 
 pull on his horse around the turn, and down the back stretch, 
 made a most gallant but ineffectual struggle to reach the non- 
 pareil under Gil. Around the turn they dash, at a flight of speed 
 but seldom if ever equaled. Burgoyne on Moore struggled man- 
 fully to the end, Kentucky winning with something to spare, by 
 a scant length, the last two miles being run in 3:35 1, the best 
 time on record in this country, with weight for age. To say that 
 any horse is the equal, much less the superior of Kentucky, 
 would be hazarding an assertion which the record Avill not sub- 
 stantiate. "We congratulate the owners of Kentucky not only in 
 possessing the best bred, but one of the best, if not the very best 
 race-horse upon the turf. It will be seen that the 9 quarters in 
 tlie 2| miles were run at the rate of 26| seconds to the quarter. 
 
KENTUCKY. 381 
 
 Saratoga Springs, Aug. 12th, 18S5— Purse $1000, for all ages ; dash of four miles. 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucliy, 4-y ears-old— walked over. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., Oct. 10th, 1805— Premium $500, for all ages, two mile heats. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old 11 
 
 F. Morris' b. c. Lord Monmouth, 4-ycars-old 2 3 
 
 D. McDaniel's b. h. Oakland, 5-years-old, by Revenue, dam by Imp. Margrave . . 3 3 
 Won easy. 
 
 Time 3:56i-3:45. 
 
 Same Meeting, Oct. 11th, 18C5— Premium $400, for all ages, three miles. 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old — walked over. 
 
 Same Meeting, Oct. 12th, 1805— Premium $700, for all ages, three mile heats. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 4-years-old i 1 
 
 P. C. Bush's ch. h. Fleetwing, 5-years-old 2 dr. 
 
 Won in a canter. Fleetwing was lame from quarter cracks in both fore-feet, and by consent 
 of the judges was withdrawn. 
 
 Time 5:39i. 
 
 Paterson, N. J., June 5th, 18G6— Premium $600, for all ages, two mile heats. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. c. Kentucky, 5-years-old 11 
 
 J. S. Watson's b. c. Julius, 4-years-old, by Lexington, out of Julia .... 2 2 
 Bowie & HaU's b. h. Baltimore, 5-years-old, by Revenue, dam Maroon, by Imp. 
 
 Glencoe odis. 
 
 R. A. Alexander's b. c. Norwich, 4-years-old, by Lexington, out of Novice, by Imp. 
 
 Glencoo , 4di8, 
 
 Won witli ease. 
 
 Time 3:58-1—3:56. 
 
 Same Meeting, June 6th, 1866— Premium $500, for all ages, three mile dash. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old 1 
 
 M. II. Sanford's b. m. Nannie Butler, 5-years-oId, by Lexington, out of Tokay, by Imp. 
 
 Yorkshire 2 
 
 E. V. Snedikcr's b. f. Lady Dan Bryant, 4-years-old, by Lexington, dam Fanny G., by 
 
 Imp. Margrave ... . . . . 3 
 
 Won in a canter. 
 
 Tkne 6:04i. 
 
 Same Meeting, June 7th, 1868— Premium $1000, for all ages, three mile heats. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old 11 
 
 Bowie & Hall's gr. c. Richmond, 4-years-old, by Two Bits, dam Faith, by Childe Harold 2 2 
 Won easily. 
 
 Time 5:54^-6: 19.}. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, July 23th, 1866— Saratoga Cup of $1000 added to a sweepstakes of $50 each, 
 
 play or pay, two miles and a quarter (20 subscribers). Value of stake $2300. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old, 114 lbs. ... .... 1 
 
 T. G. Moore's b. h. Bea(ipn, 5-years-old, 114 lbs 2 
 
 T. Buford's b. c. Delaware, 4-years-old, 104 lbs 3 
 
 Dr. Weldon's b. h.Leatherlungs, 6-years-old, 1211bs 4 
 
 Time 4:01. 
 
 We take the annexed description of the race from the " Turf, 
 Field, and Farm": 
 
 The Saratoga Cnp, two and a quarter miles, for all ages. 
 Out of twenty-six nominations, only four started ; Kentucky, 
 
882 THE HORSE. 
 
 114 lbs., Littlefield ; Beacon, 114 lbs.. Ford ; Delaware, 104 lbs., 
 Garret; and Leatlierlungs, 121 lbs., Koach. Although the track 
 had dried out somewhat, it was still a couple of seconds slower 
 than last year. Kentucky was backed at 10 to 4 in the pools 
 aejainst Beacon ; 10 to 2 against Delaware, with Leatlierlungs 
 thrown in for a fraction. In the start, at the three quarter pole, 
 Kentucky took the lead, and passed the stand a length in front 
 of Delaware, wdio had Beacon at his Cjuarters, and Lungs as close 
 to Beacon. Delaware was lapped in the turn with Beacon, Ken- 
 tucky a couple of lengths in advance — Leatherlungs falling tjff, 
 and only appearing again at the finish of the race. On the back 
 stretch a blanket might have covered the three ; but at the half 
 mile and round the turn there was only a length between each, and 
 after a close race up the stretch Kentucky passed the stand, with 
 Beacon's head at his quarter, and Delaware lapped on Beacon. A 
 length was between each round the turn ; but on the back stretch 
 Delaware quit, leaving a pretty race to Kentucky and Beacon 
 round the turn, the latter being at Kentucky's saddle girths till 
 they approached the last quarter, when he drew in front at every 
 jump, and won in a gallop by half a dozen lengths, under a pull 
 up the home stretch, all coming home as they were placed at 
 starting; the time at every quarter mile being as follows: — 
 0:26|; 0:481; 1:211; 1:50; 2:15; 2:42; 3:09; 3:37; 4:04. 
 
 Considering the condition of the track, and that the pace was 
 not forced, this race was faster than his race last year with Capt, 
 Moore and Khinodyne, when he beat the Captain after a shar]> 
 race, from first to last, in 4:01|^. 
 
 Saratoga Springs, Jiily 38th, 1866— Premium $1000, for all ages ; dash of four mOes. 
 
 J. Hunter's b. h. Kentucky, 5-years-old 1 
 
 J. S. Watson's b. c. Julius, 4-years-old 2 
 
 Dr. Weldon's b. h. Leatherlungs, 6-years-old 8 
 
 The entries were Dr. Weldon's Leatherlungs, ridden by 
 Roach ; Col. McDaniel's Julius, Alphus, and Mr. Hunter's Ken- 
 tucky, by Littlefield ; IGO to 25 on Kentucky. Leatherlungs 
 took up the running, and led for the first mile and three-quarters, 
 when Kentucky, who had been laying back under a pull, was let 
 out and went to the front ; Julius, who had been close up, taking 
 Leatherlung's place, and making a fine brusli up the homestretch 
 and entering the third mile head and head with Kentucky, 
 
KEIS^TUCKY. 383 
 
 Leatherlungs a lengtli behind and falling ofi' rapidly from this 
 point and hardly noticed for the balance of the race. The third 
 mile was run very prettily, and was close enough to give the 
 greatest satisfaction to the spectators ; Julius' running lapped on 
 Kentucky past the half-mile pole, who then gave a taste of what 
 was in reserve by showing daylight and drawing out a length in 
 front of Julius, the latter sticking like beeswax and passing into the 
 last mile with his nose at Kentucky's shoulder, Julius apparently 
 under a pull, while Kentucky was going as easy as might be. 
 The mile was done in 1:50|. 
 
 The last mile was done in 1:55^, Kentucky keeping the lead 
 for the balance of the race in a galloj), and winning easily. 
 
 Time of first mile, 1:52'|; second mile, 1:53.V; third mile, 
 1:50|; fourth mile, 1:55|; total, 7:31-^-. — Tiuf\ Fields and Farm, 
 Aug. 4th, 1860. 
 
 Kentucky's next appearance in public was for the Inau- 
 guration Stake four miles at Jerome Park. We take the de- 
 scription of the race from the " Turf, Field, and Farm," Oct. 6th, 
 1806: 
 
 THE NEW YORK KACES. 
 
 Inauguration Meetinrj of the American Jockey Club. 
 
 Here we raise Horses, tliat in speed outstrip 
 
 The winds ; go seek the Plain which the Devil's Ditch 
 
 Divides ; a field with slender verdure green. 
 
 Behold the signal given ! Forth from the goal 
 
 Starts the resounding Horse, and on his back 
 
 Firm sits, Light Load, the Jockey, jerkened neat. 
 
 See, he devoui's the plain, the verdures top 
 
 Scarce touches, swift as hawk or swallow flies ; 
 
 That, when approaching nearer to the end 
 
 Of the long course, then headlong he may seem 
 
 To rush ; and gain new vigor as he goes ! 
 
 Then, neither lungs, nor any nerve, he spares ! 
 
 His belly now appears to touch the ground, 
 
 And now he seems fleet as the wind to glide. 
 
 Blood, mixed with sweat, flows quick adown his side ; 
 
 His lips are wet with foam, with open throat 
 
 He drinks the wind : and from his nostrils wide 
 
 Issue, with sobs and pantings, curling smoke, 
 
 While through his body every vein distends. 
 
384 THE H0K5E. 
 
 Quicker and quicker now liis lij^lit hoof strikes 
 The glebe, and now with hjve oi' nearer palm 
 Of victory he glows ; while passing by 
 His several rivals, how his heart exults! 
 Resounds with shouts of men, the smack of whips : 
 The goal the conqueror v/ins, but hy a neck, 
 And quick he bears away the Royal Plate. 
 
 {Translated from the Latin — "Prac Treatise on Horses") 
 
 The greatest event in the history of the turf of America 
 transpired last week, and it is with feelings of pleasure we in- 
 form our numerous readers, that the success and eclat attending 
 this grand undertaking were such as to guarantee the permanent 
 establishment of an institution incomparably the most manly 
 and nolile of any class of amusement in the world. The forming 
 and carrying out of so gigantic and arduous an enterprise is a 
 feat of which the projector may well be proud, and, on the other 
 hand, the country and community cannot suSciently reward the 
 energetic and liberal gentlemen who, at their own risk and pos- 
 sible chance of failure, invested immense sums for the patriotic 
 and praisevTOrthy desire of presenting to our metropolis a race- 
 course second to none in the world. As far back as the earliest 
 ages, horse-racing has occupied an important place ; it has been 
 popular in all countries that have obtained prominence and 
 power. Greece in her palmy days supported and encouraged 
 the Olympic games with splendor and magnificence, of which 
 we have no parallel in modern times. Rome did the same, 
 crowning with laurels the successful riders, and appropriating a 
 fund for the maintenance of the victorious steeds. To come 
 nearer to present times, Constantino the Great followed the 
 same politic and useful example, under his auspices establishing 
 the circus, Avhere the races were held at Constantinople, on a 
 scale of magnificence of which the gigantic ruins of the Hippo- 
 drome furnish an illustrious proof. In Britain, as far back as 
 the reign of the Anglo-Saxon monarch Athelstan, racing 
 flourished, and from that date has increased in popularity and 
 favor to such an extent, that there is scarcely a city or town of 
 any importance in that powerful and wealthy country that is 
 minus a race-course. In fact. Englishmen glory in this sport, 
 and many of her most enlightened and distinguished statesmen 
 
KENTUCKY. 
 
 385 
 
 and scholars, have attributed no small portion of tlieir country's 
 prosperity to this time-honored and classic sport. As far as can 
 be perfectly known, all courses were public institutions, sup- 
 ported by the purse of the nation, and success to a certain degree 
 in consequence guaranteed. But here at Jerome Park, we have 
 a few private individuals who manfully come to the front, and 
 with princely liberality expend enormous sums for the benefit 
 of their fellow-countrymen, and to establish an institution that 
 will be a perpetual benefit, and place of amusement to future 
 generations. The nation may well be proud of such children, 
 and may this example of patriotism live green in the minds of 
 all, causing us never to forget the debt of gratitude which we 
 owe to the projectors of the race-course of the American Jockey 
 Club. 
 
 At an early hour on Tuesday morning it was evident that an 
 event of no usual import was about to take place. Towards the 
 hour of ten, in the upper and fashionable portion of town, 
 fashionably gaitered, booted and well-dressed grooms began to 
 make their appearance, bustling about, full of duty and im- 
 portance. The streets grew more lively as time advanced, not 
 so much by those who were going to the races as persons desirous 
 of seeing the numerous well-appointed " turn-outs.*" Indiffer- 
 ently dressed laborers, with a smile on their faces and a joke on 
 their tongues ; young men of fortune, hlase with early dissipation ; 
 domestics loitering on their errands ; unwashed, uncombed 
 youths, with nothing to do, but on the qui vive for chances ; 
 foreign ladies' maids, brilliant in bright ribbons and natty attire, 
 pert in their manner and piq^iante to look at, interspersed with 
 not a small sprinkling of Savoyards, following organ-grinding 
 and monkey-teaching for a living — all were to be seen. In fact, 
 the city was in for a holiday, and few would brook refusal to 
 having some share in the anticipated pleasure. Eailroad depots, 
 steamboat buildings, and horse-cars were all besieged. Crowds 
 of well-dressed, happy persons, both male and female, were to be 
 met in all our principal thoroughfares, aU hurrying with one 
 intent — to catch the best mode of conveyance for the new scene 
 of pleasure. Paier famlllas, v;ii\\\\h buxom better half and 
 numerous young shoots, pompously resplendent in family dignity ; 
 clerks and merchants good-naturedly jostled one another at the 
 Vol. I.— 25 
 
386 THE HORSE. 
 
 popular resorts down town, their countenances denoting antici- 
 pated pleasure ; servant maids and mistresses decked in all their 
 best finery, and magnificent in hoops and waterfalls, daintily 
 thread their way through the crowded streets to join their 
 respective friends and acquaintances. Conveyances of every 
 description, from the perfect turn-out of the wealthy and opulent 
 to the Laker and butchers' carts, rattled at slashing pace over 
 the rough causeway. Equestrians of every class and nationality 
 hurry on, many looking as if they were far from comfortable, 
 and not quite as much at home in the saddle as they had antici- 
 pated, and evidently fearing a come-down in the world, or loss 
 of leather. It has often struck me what an extraordinary desire 
 many persons have to exhibit themselves as equestrians on the 
 occasion of a race-meeting, and, in the majority of instances, 
 those who are possessed with this amiable ambition are as unfit 
 as it would be possible to select. The tailor, Dutch grocer, and 
 not unfrequently the sailor on shore, after a lengthened cruise, 
 deem outside a horse the only correct mode of attending an 
 equine contest. They may never have had their leg over a saddle 
 before, but the moment they become possessed of a desire to 
 make a visit to a race-meeting, no other mode of progression will 
 suit ; and what figures do they cut — certainly as much the reverse 
 of grace as it is possible to conceive -^knees up to their chins, 
 stirrups of different lengths, back liumped like the unfortunate 
 camel, who is reported to have got his up, and never succeeded 
 in getting it down ; or, on the other hand, they ape the mode 
 viilitaire — toes just touching the stirrups, which are sufliciently 
 long to use for a wagon trace — body and limbs as straight as a 
 lath, and as uncomfortable in position as it is possible to place 
 them ; bridle-hand up to their mouth, with elbows square, as if 
 they were about to burst a hedge and save their physiognomy 
 from the rasping briars. And then what accoutrements ! Foi 
 antiquity, size and shape, they might well have done good ser- 
 vice at the field of Culloden. But we must not neglect the 
 saddle-cloth, gorgeous in coloring, gigantic in size, and invariably 
 put on awry, fluttering in the breeze behind, like a banner of 
 the Crusaders. And then the pace— short, spasmodic canters or 
 irregular curveting — for such men are far above riding in an 
 ordinary every-day trot, and besides, it would not attract so 
 
KENTUCKY. 387 
 
 mueli attention or look so warlike. Perhaps tke heiglit of their 
 ambition may be to be thought in some indirect manner con- 
 nected either with the jockeys or the approaching excitement, or 
 better still, possibly, an owner of one or more of the flyers. On 
 Fourth avenue, at the termination of the Harlem Kailroad, the 
 crowd was immense, car after car requiring to be added, to ac- 
 commodate the flood, of mortality, and. although the company 
 ran numerous additional trains, the same scene was enacted at 
 the starting of each, and even then not half could obtain seats, 
 the centre passage being choked with hundreds who were satis- 
 fied to stand in preference to waiting till a later hour. From 
 the terminus to the track an uninterrupted string of eager per- 
 sons crowded the way, all intent on the expected races, eagerly 
 canvassing the merits of each entry, praising or disparaging the 
 chances of success, and universally agi-eeing that Asteroid's ac- 
 cident amounted almost to a national calamity. Venders of lager- 
 bier and speculative knowing ones had not forgotten the chances 
 of a profitable harvest, and saloons and shanties of every size 
 and form were erected on every eligible site, displaying tempting 
 refreshment to the thirsty and hungry souls. The grounds in 
 and around the course resembled an immense camp — carriages, 
 buggies, horses and pedestrians mingled in an inextiicable jam, 
 laughing, talking, eating and joking. 
 
 All around is gaj — men, horses, dogs, 
 And each smiling countenance appears 
 Fresh, blooming health and universal joy. 
 
 So much happiness is seldom seen, and the brightness of the 
 day is almost exceeded by the brilliancy and happy countenances 
 of the pleasure seekers. Universal conviviality all appear intent 
 on, striving for the great desideratum of an eligible site from 
 which they may obtain the best and least interrupted view of tlie 
 pending struggles. An estimate of the number of spectators 
 present would be difficult to form, but it doubtless could not be 
 under twenty thousand. The grand stand is one sea of heads 
 rising in tiers, one over the other, to its furthest walls. The 
 space between here and tlie quarter stretch is not one whit less 
 favored — thousands stand and lounge about, joking, betting, and 
 prophesying. The pool-sellers' corner has immense attractions, 
 and his voice can scarce be heard over the hum and bustle of in- 
 
388 THE HORSE. 
 
 numerable anxious speculators, desirous of hedging or making 
 more money on the performances of some outsider rapidly rising 
 in public favor. The bustle does not here cease. The turf in 
 the inclosure, the Club House hill opposite, and even the stables 
 have their attractions, and gaping multitudes wander around, 
 surprised and delighted with the good taste and perfect arrange- 
 ments to be found on every side. The Jockey Club have evidently 
 chosen a person not only of great experience in racing matters, 
 but one of consummate taste and knowledge of the picturesque, 
 to whom they entrusted the construction of these delightful 
 grounds, and well has the work been performed, for it would be 
 impossible to get greater distance and fairer turns-out of so con- 
 tracted a space. 
 
 The grand stand and various edifices are models of neatness 
 and taste, all harmonizing and corresponding in style of architec- 
 ture with each other. The numerous fences have all undergone 
 abimdant coats of paint, and would rival the driven snow in 
 purity of color, contrasting with the emerald shade of the grass 
 and the sombre hues of the forest trees forming the background. 
 Here every class of persons are to be lound, men from every 
 walk in life and every portion of the country, with no small 
 sprinkling of foreigners, easily recognized by their difference in 
 costume, and tlieir energetic and violent conversation, their 
 pantomime being frequently equal to and as forcible as witnessed 
 on the stage. The fair sex were not behind in number, rivaling 
 the rainbow with their numerous dresses, magnificent in all the 
 enormities of modern fashions, laughing, jesting, flirting ; the 
 apparent emblems of unlimited happiness and pleasure, may a 
 cloud never darken the horizon of their life. Talking about the 
 fair sex ; never in the wliole course of a long life, spent in dif- 
 ferent portions of the globe, has it been my lot to see so many 
 beautiful faces and graceful forms, assembled together at one 
 place ; moreover, I will uphold for the ladies of America that 
 they dress and shoe themselves better than their European 
 sisters, going neither to the extremes of frivolity of Frencli 
 fashion or the gauchiness of the blonde daughters of Albion. In 
 addition to the numerous attractions offered, a magnificent brass 
 band was on the ground, which rendered the programme doubly 
 enjoyable by the ever welcome addition of a well-selected choice 
 
KENTUCKY. 389 
 
 of tlie best musical compositions. Tlie appointed time for the 
 track to be cleared has at length arrived, and a few taps on a 
 drum inform the restless swa3ing mass that the ground must be 
 cleared ; further warning is unnecessary, and all with simultaneous 
 accord leave the temporarily forbidden space, and seek the most 
 availing and unoccupied places, from whence they can obtain 
 the best view of the coming contest. Diminutive specimens of 
 humanity aiow show to the front brilliant in the various bright 
 colors of the respective stables for whom they are about to ride. 
 A marked improvement from previous similar assemblies is ob- 
 vious in the neatness and cleanliness of their costumes, and long 
 may the' jockey take as much pride and pleasure in his well- 
 fitting inexpressibles, variegated jacket and unexceptional top- 
 boots, as the trainer does in the silky coat, and perfect condition 
 of his high-spirited graceful charges. The bustle and confusion 
 of going to scales soon passed, and the aspirants for racing honors 
 are now led up to undergo the operation of saddling, and perhaps 
 receive a preliminary canter to clear their breathing apparatus. 
 
 Second Race. — " The Inauguration Race ; " 4 mile heats, for all ages ; 3 year olds to carry 
 90 lb., 4 year olds 104 lbs., 5 year olds and upwards 114 lb., 3 lb. allowed to mares and 
 geldings. Closed with 29 entries. 
 
 1. John Hunter entered Travers and Osgood's b. h. Kentucky, by Lexington out of Magnolia, 
 
 5 yrs. Orange and Crimson Hoop. 
 
 2. Entered Travers and Osgood's b. h. Areola, by Lexington out of Topaz, 5 yrs. 
 
 3. D. McCoun entered Mr. Sanford's g. h. Loadstone, by Lexington out of Blue Bonnet, 5 yrs. 
 
 4. EuteredMr. Sanford's b. ra. Nannie Butler, by Lexington out of Toliay, 5 yrs. 
 
 5. J. S. Watson entered b. ra. Capt. Moore, by imp. Bulrownic out of Jennie Rose, G yrs. 
 C. Entered b. h. Julius, by Lexington out of Julia, 4 yrs. Red and Blue and Red Hoop. 
 
 7. Thomas Pui-year entered b. m. Millcreeli, by imp. Sovereign out of Millwood, 7 yrs. 
 
 8. P. C. Bush entered Forbes and Jerome's ch. h. Fleetwing, by Balrownie out of Rhoda, 5 
 
 yrs. Blue and Yellow. 
 
 9. Entered Forbes and Jerome's Gilda, by Mango out of Juliette, 4 yrs. 
 
 13. D. McDaniel entered b. m. Lady Blcssington, Ijy imp. Eclipse out of Philo, 5 yrs. 
 11. Entered b. h. Oalsland, by Revenue out of mare by imp. Margrave, yrs. 
 13. Entered b. c. Ripley, by Jeff Davis out of Nina (the dam of Planet), 3 yrs. 
 
 13. Andrew Robeson entered br. h. Climax, by Balrownie out of Jewel, 7 yrs. 
 
 14. D. Reedy entered g. h. Tlumdcr, by Lexington out of Blue Bonnet, G yrs. 
 
 15. R. A. Alexander entered b. c. Asteroid, l)y Lexington out of Nebula, 5 yrs. 
 13. Entered b. c. Norwich, by Lexington out of Novice, 3 yrs. 
 
 17. Entered b. m. Idlewild, by Lexington out of mare by Glcncoe, 9 yrs. Blue and White 
 
 Hoop. 
 13. Entered b. c. Bay Dick, by Lexington out of Alabama, yrs. 
 1'). J. R. Butler entered b. c. Liverston, by Lexington out of Utilla, 3 yrs. 
 29. Bowie and Hall entered ch. h. Eugene, by Revenue out of Fanny Fern, 9 yrs. 
 21. Entered ch. c. Baltimore, by Revenue out of Maroon, 4 yrs. 
 
 2-2, Thomas Buford entered Onward, by Ringcjold out of My Lady, 4 yrs. Orange and White. 
 23. Entered Delaware, by Ringgold out of Ariel, 4 yrs. 
 
 21. J. W. Weldon entered br. li. Leatherlungs, by Lexington out of Gossamer, G yrs. 
 25. A. Keene Richards entered ch. h. by Lexington out of Reel, G jrrs. 
 
390 THE HOESE. 
 
 26. Entered b. m. Saratoga, by imp. Knight of St. George out of sister to Pryor. 
 
 27. A. J. Armstrong entered g. h. Charlie Armstrong, by Lexington out of mare by Grey 
 
 Eagle. 
 
 28. H. P. McGraths entered b. h. Beacon, by Lexington, dam Bay Leaf, Syrs. 
 
 29. J. W. Weldon entered eh. c. by imp. Fazzolette, Jr., dam Waswing, 3 yrs. 
 
 This was tlie great event of the day, and it is very improb- 
 able that since the days of the Dutchman and Yoltigeur match, 
 has any equine contest created so great an amount of excitement. 
 Thousands of people had come thousands of miles to witness the 
 performances of the acknowledged two best horses of their day, 
 both children of the redoubtable Lexington, and who have for 
 some time stood on the apex of fame in their respective regions. 
 Kentucky, in his youth, was brought from his native State, 
 whose name he bears, being purchased by an eastern stable ; 
 since his debut on the turf he has but once been beaten, and 
 that when in his three year old shape, ISTorfolk, another of the 
 Lexingtons, being the victor. Many contend that Kentucky was 
 off; but whether or not, it can scarcely be deemed a disgrace to 
 succumb to an antagonist whom many suppose equal to any race- 
 horse in the world, Kentucky is undoubtedly one of the hand- 
 somest animals the eye ever rested on — showy, graceful and 
 springy in action, of excellent temper, beautiful dark-brown 
 color, with white stocking on the forefoot. As he passed the 
 grand stand with Littlefield on his back, a more perfect picture 
 for the sportsman's taste could scarcely be imagined — the animal 
 curvetting full of life, health, and animal spirit, while the grace- 
 ful seat of the rider, his hands low, foot well home and finished 
 manner, showed how much he was au fait in the pig skin. A 
 skillful jockey was judiciously selected to share the honors with 
 this magnificent horse. 
 
 Idlewild, Mr. Alexander's entry, was much admired (alas ! 
 that poor Asteroid should be confined to his stable from a serious 
 and painful accident, instead of being present to gratify the long- 
 desired gaze of the Eastern turfites ; but Vhomme propose mais 
 Dleu dispose), many remembering her wonderful performances 
 in days long since gone by. Although aged, it is easy to see 
 that the courage and determination that formerly characterized 
 her is not one whit tlie less. " Go in, old mare, and may fortune 
 smile on you," was the exclamation of a gentleman stationed on 
 my right, and many echoed this desire. 
 
KENTtJCKY. 391 
 
 Onward and Fleetwing are botli splendid animals ; tlie former, 
 from the splendid manner in which he handled Beacon in the 
 first heat of the three mile race, is still green in the memories of 
 many, and before the visit of Asteroid was announced as a cer- 
 tainty, he stood second favorite, some asserting, and those per- 
 sons not lacking experience, that if he will run honest, the 
 favorite ^^'ill have all he can do to take the palm. In appearance 
 Onward is a race-horse all over, perfect in shape and make, of a 
 beautiful rich chestnut color, and, unless I be a false prophet, 
 will yet prove himself one of the most dangerous horses in the 
 land. The latter, Fleetwing, at Saratoga, Patei'son and Seacau- 
 cus, has reaped honors, and, although mentioned last, is not one 
 iota less to be feared. He comes of a family noted both for 
 their speed and staying qualities, his sire, Balrownie, being one 
 of the same family as the justly celebrated Blair Athol, winner 
 of both Derby and St. Leger, besides numerous other important 
 events. As each passed the grand stand, the condition of all 
 looked perfect, unless Onward, who, I believe, appeared scarce 
 as well as could be desired. 
 
 THE KACE. 
 
 First Heat. — With little trouble, these splendid animals 
 were marshalled, and at the falling of the flag all went oft' with 
 a rush, the mare leading. Favorite 2d, Onward and Fleetwing 
 close up and together ; the old heroine, mindful, no doubt, of 
 former victories, pulling hard' and showing unmistakable signs 
 that she was determined to try the bottom and speed of her 
 opponents. However, at the quarter mile post Kentucky had 
 the front, Fleetwing and Onward second and third. At the 
 half mile, Idlewild had j)assed through the ruck, and was 
 making the pace terrific, both Kentucky and rider, who were 
 next, undoubtedly getting many a mouthful of dirt. The pace 
 now improved, and the gallant little one was getting more day- 
 light between her and her pursuers. Eound the upper turn and 
 down the home stretch the work was no less hot, all appearing 
 to make an additional efibrt as they passed the grand stand, 
 crowded with so many anxious faces and ardent admirers. On 
 entering the second mile, the places were unchanged, although 
 
392 THE irOESE. 
 
 the ruck had drawn a little on the veteran leader ; the turn 
 passed and up the back stretch, Idle wild kept up unfaggingly the 
 same terrific gait, appearing to outpace them all, and gallantly 
 retaining the front, past the half and three-quarter poles, into 
 the home stretch, passed the grand stand, completing the second 
 mile. The third mile was done without change to the end of 
 the upper turn, entering the home stretch, the mare still in 
 front. Flesh, blood and age could scarcely stand such terrific 
 efforts, and nature and condition, but not spirit, had to give 
 place to youth and superior length of stride. Before coming to 
 the distance pole, the favorite had taken the front, and Idlewild 
 fell behind. From Kentucky's style, there was little doubt that 
 all was now in his favor ; he led round the bottom of the course 
 and along the back stretch, the two chestnuts laying close in 
 attendance round the upper turn, Kentucky retaining the front, 
 Onward and Fleetwing close beside him, and Idlewild some 
 way astern. With redoubled efforts, all entered the home 
 stretch, a renewed burst of speed being put on for the finish ; 
 but it was aU useless, Kentucky had it his own way, and Little- 
 field landed his nag a winner, Onward half a length behind, and 
 Fleetwing in close attendance, the noble little mare distanced. 
 
 Second Heat. — The necessary time having elapsed, the horses 
 came up to the post looking well. None showed any symptons 
 of distress, after so terrific a contest, the distended nostrils and 
 blazing eye denoting courage unflinching, and the determina- 
 tion to do all that lay in their power, to justify their backers' 
 good opinion. At the fall of the -flag off they went, Kentucky 
 and Onward neck and neck, Fleetwing a little in rear, going 
 round the bottom turn ; however, the favorite shook off the 
 handsome chestnut and took the lead. The pace was not so 
 good as it had been thus early in the first heat, but the second 
 quarter was very sharp ; from the efforts made by Fleetwing 
 find Onward, it was plain that their instructions were to give no 
 rest to the bay, and he, without doubt, asked little considera- 
 tion. Tlie first and second miles were completed without any 
 change, except that Onward, on the back stretch, made a most 
 determined effort for front place, but failed, although he got to 
 the flank of Kentucky, so for the present had to remain satisfied 
 with second honors. The third mile M'as now entered, and the 
 
KENTUCKY. * 393 
 
 pace sharpened a bit up tlie back stretch, Onward again making 
 an extra efibrt, but with no better result, want of success or dis- 
 gust at the shower of dust his aristocratic face was receiving, or 
 not forgetful of former roguery, lie here attempted to bolt, and 
 in consequence, lost many lengths ; but the strong seat, deter- 
 mined manner and judicious handling of the jockey crammed 
 hinj again into his work, but from the loss of distance incurred 
 by this misdeed, he had to be satisfied v/ith third place entering 
 the home stretch. To all it Avas apparent that Kentucky, lack- 
 ing accidents, must win, and as no such happened, he rattled up 
 the home stretch and came in first, closely attended by Fleet- 
 wing and Onward. The owners of the two last named can 
 scarcely be dissatisfied or disappointed in their horses, for both 
 made a noble struggle, and had but to succumb to one of the 
 noblest animals that ever honored a gentleman's stables or ran 
 on a race track. Summary : — 
 
 Kentucky 1 1 
 
 Fleetwiug 3 2 
 
 Onward 3 3 
 
 Idlewild Dis. 
 
 First Heat. — Time of first quarter mile, 2T^ seconds ; half 
 mile, 54| seconds ; first mile, 1:51 ; two miles, 3:41 ; three 
 miles, 5:35 ; four miles, 7:35. 
 
 Second Heat. — Time of first quarter mile, 30|- seconds; half 
 mile, 54: secondij ; first mile, 1:59 ; two miles, 3:534 ; three miles, 
 5:47; four miLs, 7:41 1-. 
 
 Thus terminated one of the greatest races ever run, and on 
 tlie result of vrhicli immense sums of money depended. Citi- 
 zens representing every section of the country were present 
 rich and poor, all desirous of seeing the performances of tht 
 world-renowned son of old Lexington. 
 
 Between the heats, Mr. x\lexander permitted Asteroid to be 
 brought out in front of the grand stand for the inspection of the 
 masses, the animal's noble mien and handsome proportions elicit- 
 ing unbounded admiration. If misfortune had not occurred, 
 and he had come safely to the post, the result is more than 
 doubtful, for a more magnificently built horse for speed and 
 stoutness the sun never shone on. His toiit ensemhle may not be 
 
394 ' THE HORSE. 
 
 as taking as liis brother's, but dissect liim as you will, there is 
 no portion that connoisseurs in horse flesh would not pronounce 
 perfect. Kentucky may well be considered the prettier of the 
 two, but certainly not the better proportioned race-horse. A 
 year ago, when a match was iirst proposed between these two 
 flyers, meddlers and envious scribblers had the barefViced efiron- 
 tery to say that the gentlemanly and high-spirited owner of 
 Asteroid was too penurious and mean to go to the expense of 
 sending his horse east, knowing he would be beaten. How well 
 has the lie been cast in their teeth, and may they profit by this 
 example and learn that all men are not prompted by the same 
 truckling, contemptible spirit of which they are possessed. 
 
 The perfect gratification and rapture expressed by the assem- 
 bled multitude, at the termination of the race, knew no bounds ; 
 cheer after cheer rent the au', and the l^ew Yorkers had their 
 desires gratified to excess by the bright favorite star being vic- 
 tor, and the first day's racing at Jerome Park a perfect success. 
 
 The maiden meeting at Jerome Park is over, and its most 
 glorious and successful dehut can now be placed conspicuous in 
 our memories and histories as one of the brightest and pleas- 
 antest mementos of days gone by. Who can look back upon 
 the brilliant scenes, the innumerable carriages, the dense crowds 
 of polished and fashionable, well-dressed persons, the lovely 
 landscape, tlie bright etlierial skies, the luxuriant and variegated 
 foliage, and, above all, the merry, happy laugh or bright, con- 
 tented smile that radiated on every countenance, without de- 
 siring to place the race-meeting at Fordham paramount in the 
 events of pleasure of their previous life ? Well may the projec- 
 tors and proprietors rejoice over the immensity of tlieir success, 
 for what public undertaking, heralded with all the popularity 
 of a government's support or nation's enthusiasm, could re- 
 ceive more flattering encomiums or a larger amount of public 
 patronage and praise than the new race-course of the Ameri- 
 can Jockey Club, the result of the handiwork and good taste 
 of a fevv^ private gentlemen. The success has truly been great, 
 but not one iota more than this undertaking eminently de- 
 83rves ; and may its popularity increase with each succeeding 
 year, and become ultimately as prominent an institution and 
 national an amusement as it has ever been across the ocean, and 
 
KENTUCKY. 395 
 
 may it be governed by sucli laws and impartial judgments as to 
 make its decisions as noted and famous as those of tlie ancient 
 and classically illustrious Lycurgus, of Sparta. A new era may, 
 therefore, be stated to have set in, and an amusement which 
 liad fallen into comparative neglect has again been revived with 
 redoubled brilliancy. A few years ago, in Virginia, Louisiana, 
 Kentucky and many other States, the aristocracy of our demo- 
 cratic country were constant attendants at race-meetings ; but 
 alas, an adverse tide set in ; the entire country resounded with 
 the clash of arms and voice of war ; our young men and old 
 shouldered the rifle or donned the sabre; discord and dissension 
 reigned paramount, and our previously peaceful land was dis- 
 tracted with all the horrible convulsions of civil war ; but, thank 
 Providence, those horrible scenes are over, and those v/ho so 
 gallantly, on the call of danger, rushed to the tented field, may 
 now safely lay aside their deadly weapons, and return with 
 pleasure and safety to the avocations of peace, devoting a por- 
 tion of their leisure to honorable and high-minded amusements, 
 on the summit of which stands racing. During our beloved 
 country's affliction a number of patriotic and enterprising gen- 
 tlemen determined, if possible, to prevent racing falling into 
 neglect, and with an energy and courage worthy of this noble 
 cause, heedless of the expenae and general negligence, came to 
 the front, and, in spite of the supineness and indifference of 
 many, founded Paterson and Saratoga meetings. Their success 
 at first was not nearly commensurate with their deserts ; still 
 they persevered, and that perseverance slowly but steadily was 
 rewarded. Other neighborhoods followed this example — the ice 
 having at length been broken — and they had the satisfaction of 
 seeing ultimate success. 
 
 At this stage Mr. Leonard W. Jerome nobly came to the 
 front, with a courage almost unheard of, took np the gauntlet 
 and donned the armor, and, at all hazards, determined to bear 
 the result, proclaiming to the world that he was an advocate and 
 supporter of the ancient institution. This gentleman's deserv- 
 edly high reputation soon attracted recruits of the highest social 
 position to his standard, and thus formed the nucleus of the 
 American Jockey Club. Further, he being the happy possessor 
 of large means, at his ovv^n risk apportioned a part of his valuable 
 
896 THE HORSE. 
 
 property, and, at an outlay almost incredible, made a race-course 
 in the vicinity of our metropolis, second to none in the world. 
 How many have their names mentioned in history and their 
 memories perpetuated far into futurity for less worthy actions. 
 Look at the founders of cities, the writers of orations, the dis- 
 coverer of previously unknown lands, the founders of institu- 
 tions or the builders of public edifices, whose patronymics are 
 daily in our mouths, and who, ages since, have been enumerated 
 with the past. Can any one say that they have done more than 
 this gentleman ? We emphatically say no, and hope that while 
 America is a Country, and its People a Nation, the memory of 
 Mr. Jerome's munificence, liberality and honorable disinterest- 
 edness may never be forgotten, in giving to tins city the most 
 perfect, beautiful and costly race-course in the world. 
 
 The brilliant weather which happily attended the inaugura- 
 tion day was deemed by many as a happy prediction of long 
 and unvaried success; and although the continuation of the 
 sports was unavoidably delayed, the enthusiasm was undimin- 
 ished, the press and public universally agreeing that the popu- 
 larity and attendance were far beyond all expectations, and im- 
 measurably outstripping any similar assembly that ever took 
 place in the United States. 
 
 ]S^ow we have a race-course, a word upon the gallant horses 
 may not be amiss. The seven comfortable, excellently-planned 
 stables, each containing ten loose boxes, had all occupants, and 
 it is more than doubtful that so large a number of first-class 
 animals were ever previously assembled in one place. The 
 blood of all the celebrities that have lived for the last half cen- 
 tury was to be found — Lexington, Glencoe, Iledgeford, Light- 
 ning, Boston, Balrownie, Trustee, whose pure and unadulterated 
 lineage claims close connection with many of the greatest per- 
 formers that have been produced in England ; nor has migra- 
 tion one whit impaired their speed, endurance and beauty. The 
 racing public of France and Britain have justly sung the praises 
 of Gladiateur, Blair Athol, Lord Lyon and Achievement, for 
 they have been truly wonderful horses, and beaten all competi- 
 tors ; but luckily for them that they never met our Kentucky, 
 or their laurels would have stood a certain chance of clipping. 
 Since the days of Eclipse, Flying Childers, Stockwell, West 
 
KENTUCKY. 397 
 
 Australian or Lexington, it is doubtful that a better steed ever 
 ran ; for not only is be remarkable for bis wonderful speed, but 
 lie is besides lasting, well bottomed and capable of carrying 
 great weight, with the courage of the lion and the docility of 
 the dog. In the closing event of this meeting, with a heavy 
 handicap weight up, he with ease beat such celebrated horses as 
 Aldebaran, Onward, etc., in a two and three-quarter mile dash, 
 making the last mile in the splendid time of 1:4!.), and the 
 handsome, easy style he finished justifies us in thinking that he 
 could have done, if called upon, a mile and a quarter more at 
 the same rate of speed, which would have made the total four 
 miles T:20|^, or half a second more than Lexington's magnificent 
 performance on the Metairie course, jSTew Orleans, but with this 
 tremendous difierence, of Kentucky having 124 lbs. up, while 
 Lexington only carried 103 lbs. The country has long been 
 able to boast of patriots, statesmen, orators and soldiers, without 
 compeers; of inventions and manufactures without equals, and 
 she can now with safety add the name of Kentucky to the roll 
 of fame, as undoubtedly the fastest and best race-horse living. 
 
 In the course of time, new members will be added to the 
 honorable list of the present composers of the American Jockey 
 Club, and who will undoubtedly be called upon to occupy prom- 
 inent ofiices, on whom not only will devolve grave responsi- 
 bilities, but great trials and temptations, to successfully combat 
 which they have but to follow the excellent example of those 
 honorable gentlemen who at present so admirably and nobly fill 
 their respective positions, knowing, as tliey must', that on them 
 depends the continued prosperity, elevated place and great pop- 
 ularity, to the climax of which this ancient, time-honored and 
 illustrious recreation has now reached. 
 
 On each of the two last days of the meeting the same scenes 
 of bustle and confusion were enacted throughout our great city, 
 more particularly in the vicinity of the Fifth Avenue and the 
 habitations of the rich and fashionable. Those who had wit- 
 nessed one day's sport would not be debarred seeing the balance. 
 Grooms in handsome liveries rushed about ; coachmen, no less 
 well attired, drove their matchless teams to and fro through the 
 handsome streets, waiting for their precious, lo^-'ly pud well- 
 dressed mistresses. Servant C'irl^, ini- or'.a:;t \.La cunlided 
 
398 THE IIOESE. 
 
 secrets, looked from stoops, evidently impatient for the arrival 
 of expected guests or new and fashionable articles of apparel ; 
 flashily dressed French milliners daintily and hurriedly pressed 
 their way, bearing carefully, in all the forbidden intricacies of 
 band-boxes, some costly head-dress, or the latest and most ap- 
 proved make in hats or bonnets. Dressmakers, with skilfully 
 cut robes, were not wanting to complete the scene ; in fact, the 
 whole metropolis was agog, all bound on pleasure, all deter- 
 mined, if opportunity would allow, to be spectators of the anti- 
 cipated races. In the vicinity of the Fifth Avenue Hotel hosts 
 of the sterner sex were mustered, canvassing the results, the 
 prospects of the favorites, taking and giving odds, hedging, 
 prophesying and warning. Every portion of the country was 
 represented, from the tall, powerful Missourian to the dapper, 
 active little Creole of New Orleans — from the smart, calculating, 
 astute "New Englander, to the stalwart Kentuckian. Good 
 temper and good nature prevailed on every side. All were hail- 
 fellow-well-met ; not a shadow seemed to cross the even tenor 
 of their way. Truly, we Americans are a wonderful people ; 
 what foreigner would believe, unless he knew, that those who, 
 little more than twelve months since, had fought in antagonistic 
 ranks, with all the determination, valor and hate that civil war 
 could imbue, would now be hob-nobbing, laughing, joking and 
 fraternizing with all the appearance of a friendship that had 
 lasted for years. 
 
 Both roads to the track were one continued, uninterrupted 
 stream, composed of every description and variety of conveyance 
 that the inventive brain of foreign or native coach-builder could 
 devise. The elegant coupe, with four of the choicest horses that 
 money could procure, was crowded by the half worn out, wholly 
 unpainted, discarded express wagon, or the dashing, splendidly 
 finished turn-out of some leader of the lo?i ton had to give place 
 to the rattling, go-ahead, serviceable market-cart. On arrival 
 at the course, the former familiar crowds greeted your sight, and 
 a stranger, from their density and settled, at-home manner, 
 might easily suppose they had been bivouacked in their respec- 
 tive places at least since the previous day. The hill at the upper 
 end of the course contained thousands ; the rising ground at the 
 lower end was not one whit the less favored ; and every tree arid 
 
KENTUCKY. 399 
 
 bush, whetlier apple or maple, oak or fir, had as many roosters 
 ill it as could find room to percL. 
 
 Booths and tents had sprung up on every side like mush- 
 rooms after a shower, and their variety of architecture was not 
 greater than the multiplicity of condiments they offered for sale. 
 Oysters, sandwiches, pies, fruit, et hoc genus omne. Beverages 
 were no less numerous ; but it is safe to assert that the favorite 
 and refreshing drink of Gambrinus and Bohemians had the 
 greatest patronage. Inside the inclosure similar multitudes 
 were to be found, undoubtedly more finely clad and more 
 fashionable in appearance, but it is dubious if they, with all 
 the benefits of a quarter-stretch ticket, enjoyed the fun v/ith 
 greater gusto. 
 
 Over the hum and tread of a thousand voices and feet, the 
 pool-seller's stentorian voice could be heard knocking down the 
 various horses to their eager purchasers. Around this portion 
 of the grounds the crowd is always the densest ; it is here that 
 all the knowing ones are to be found — men deeply skilled in 
 horse pedigrees and horse performances, men of quick calcula- 
 ting powers, ready to back or take odds, as the chances ofier 
 and look favorable. A certain knowing appearance stamps 
 them ; the cut of their clothes and even make of their boots is 
 different ; everything bespeaks the horse about them ; their 
 neck-ties are differently tied, their breast-pins frequently have 
 the symbol of a horse's shoe or other equine appurtenance, and 
 not unfrequently a straw or twig is in their mouth ; in fact, they 
 are our countei-part of what in England are denominated 
 horsey men. 
 
 The ladies, how can we approach such a delicate, delightful 
 subject? We lack the delicacy of touch of the miniature 
 painter, and the honied words of the carpet knight, but still we 
 cannot pass the ornaments of our household, the elevators of 
 our finest feelings, the prime instigators of all the delightful 
 romance that causes us to appreciate moonlight music, love and 
 flowers. The grand stand was fairly crowded with them, all 
 gay, happy and delighted. Is^o florist's exhibition or pet green- 
 house ever was more resplendent in brilliancy or variety of col- 
 oring. The rainbow, under most favorable circumstances, would 
 have suffered defeat if brought in comparison ; even our match- 
 
4:00 THE HOKSE. 
 
 less autumn forest tints would have been compelled to yield the 
 pahn. The dresses were gorgeous, the bonnets and hats were 
 superb, and the shawls and mantillas were exquisite. The taste 
 displayed, tlie harmonizing of the coloring, and the stylishness 
 and fit of the costumes could not have been excelled, nor prob- 
 ably equalled, in any portion of the world. What person could 
 look upon such a scene, thickly interspersed with innumerable 
 beautiful faces of every class and type, without unbounded feel- 
 ings of delight, save perhaps he be a woman-hater ? Bah ! we 
 cannot believe that such exist ; but still, if such be, lynch law 
 should immediately be meted to him. 
 
 The Races have passed, but we may safely predict that not a 
 single visitor will forget the happy, pleasant, delightful days 
 that they enjoyed during its continuance ; and when years, with 
 their steadily increasing stride, sprinkle our heads with gray 
 hairs, or our now upright figures become stooped with the pas- 
 sage of time, one bright spot in the reminiscences of the past will 
 still be left us, the first race-meeting of the American Jockey 
 Club. 
 
 Jerome Park, Sept. 29th, 186G.— The Grand National Eace, a dash of two and three-quarter 
 
 miles ; a free handicap. 
 John Hunter entered Travers and Osgood's b. h. Kentucky, by Lexington, dam Magnolia, 
 
 5 years, to carry 134 lbs. 1 
 
 J. S. Watson entered Aldebaran, by Commodore, dam Nannie Lewis, 6 years, 105 lbs. . 2 
 O. McCoun entered M. H. Sandford's b. m. Nannie Butler, by Lexington, dam Tokay, 
 
 5 years, 100 lbs ... 3 
 
 J. S. Watson entered ch. c. Onward, by Ringgold, dam My Lady, 4 years, 104 lbs. , . 4 
 D. McDaniels entered b. h. Luther, by Lexington, dam Belle Lewis, 4 years, 100 lbs. . 5 
 P. C, Bush entered Messrs. Forbes and Jerome's ch. h. Fleetwing, by imp. Balrownie, dam 
 Ehoda, 6 years, 112 lbs. ; drawn. John Hunter entered Messrs. Travers and Osgood's b. h. 
 Areola, by Lexington, dam Topaz, 6 years, 110 lbs. ; drawn. E. B. Forbes, jr.. entered br. h. 
 
 Climax, by imp. Balrownie, aged, 107 lbs. ; drawn. Mr. entered bl. h. Blackbird, by 
 
 imp. Albion, aged, 107 lbs. ; c'.rawn. Dennis Eeedy entered br. h. Zigzag, by Euric, dam 
 Zenith, 8 years, 105 lbs. ; drawn. J. W. Weldon entered b. h. Leatherlungs, by Lesiugton, dam 
 Gosamer, years, 103 lbs. ; drawn. J. S. Watson entered b. c. Delaware, by Einggold, dam 
 Ariel, 4 years, 104 lbs. ; drawn. Col. McDaniels entered b. c. Julius, by Lexington, dam Julia, 
 
 4 years, 102 lbs. ; drawn. W. Kerwin entered ch. h. Citadel, by Mahomet, dam Prunella, 
 
 5 years, 100 lbs. ; drawn. T. B. Eeed entered Forbes and Jerome's Trovatore, by imp. 
 Monarch, dam Madonna, aged, 100 lbs. ; drawn. J. W. Weldon entered ch. c. Tom Woolfolk, 
 by Lexington, dam Floride, 3 years, 82 lbs. ; drawn. 
 
 Betting : Kentucky at nearly 4 to 1 against the field. 
 
 At the start, Onward at once cut out the work, and M'itli a 
 will went to the front at a shai'p pace. A quarter of a mile 
 passed, and the horses had settled to distinct places. As they 
 entered on the reverse curve, Onwfird led, Luther second, Alde- 
 baran third, Kentucky fourth, and Xnnnie last. No change of 
 
KENTUCKY. 401 
 
 position occuiTed as they whirled round the far curve and came 
 to the head of the straight run to the stand. Onward made 
 telhng running, leading the lot by twenty lengths. The rest all 
 lay in a huddle, pacing along at an easy rate — all save Kentucky 
 watching each other ; but he waiting at ease. Gayly he strode 
 along under a heavy pull, carrying his heavy weight as a 
 feather. In an instant they sweep up to the Grand Stand ; in 
 another they have swept by it, and are dashing away into the 
 second mile. The whole air of the race showed that there were 
 only two foemen in that field, Kentucky and Aldebaran ; there 
 was no chance for any other. Onward was winning a quick 
 career in the front, Luther and Nannie a slow and laboring one 
 in the rear. As they enter the second mile the pace quickens, 
 and Luther, outstridden, gives back and loses his second place. 
 Into it Aldebaran moved, and dwelt there a furlong, when Kil- 
 patrick, his jockey — whose game was to wait — pulled him to 
 the rear, and Kentucky went up to second position. At the 
 quarter pole Onward was blazing away in the front, Kentucky 
 striding along under a heavy pull second, Aldebaran third, 
 Luther fourth, and Nannie fifth. This position seemed to suit 
 all so well, that they did not change thence to the end of the 
 mile. At its finish all closed up, and the field came to the 
 stand in a crowd. A mile yet lies before them — a trying and 
 decisive mile. 
 
 In it the battle must be won ; in it honor gained ; in it a 
 battle lost and honor lost. "Watch the horses. See how the 
 noble Kentucky bears himself. Who can doubt that his pennant 
 shall stream in the van at its close. A rare good one, — none 
 stride like him. Ilis gait is all ease, that of his foes all labor. 
 His all in hand, Avith vast power untasked ; his foes have little 
 left unused. They have swept round the north turn ; they 
 are at the first quarter post. Littlefield calls on his horse. At 
 once, and with the speed of a flash, he moves on. Onward ; one 
 has hardly looked at him ere he has caught him, collared, passed 
 him, and is in the lead. A shout rent the air — the gallant Ken- 
 tucky is the favorite of all ; all hail to his prowess as he comes 
 to the front. A word did it. Kentucky strode away — no whip, 
 no spur, scarring his glossy coat ; they were not needed. Called 
 on, he answered back. See how he strides away ; see how he 
 Vol. L— 26 
 
402 THE HORSE. 
 
 masters his great weight ; see his matchless power. With 
 alternately pricked and playing ear; with open mouth, and 
 even, steady stride, he speeds with the swiftness of a meteor over 
 his gromid. Ah, but it is a pleasure, intense indeed, to see such 
 power, such self-command, such execution. Here are no falter- 
 ing, no dwelling, no laboring, but all is ease. Who would not 
 be excited ? Who would not shout applause ? 
 
 Once in front, Kentucky hurried the pace, and made the race 
 a rapid one. At the half-mile pole he was the foremost ; and 
 he and Aldebaran moved away from the rest as if by a spell of 
 magic. Sweeping round the last turn, they were all alone— the 
 only combatants. Though there could be no doubt as to the 
 issue, yet Aldebaran forced the odds against him, and manfully 
 and gallantly strode every yard with rare game and footily. 
 Strive as he would, it was all in vain ; hurry the pace as he 
 would, that but roused the gallant leader to a quicker rate. On, 
 on they rush ; and all the crowd of gazers grow silent in their 
 intense interest. Every eye is strained to see the noble steeds 
 as they near the stand. Kushingly they come, and excitement 
 makes breathless all the multitude. Ere one could think, they 
 covered all the ground. Past the grand stand they rush ; on to 
 tlie winning goal they go ; past it they sweep — down drops the 
 flag — the race is over ! and Kentucky is the winner. Time — 
 three-quarter mile, 1:21| ; one and three-quarter miles, 3:15; 
 two and three-quarter miles, 5:04. 
 
 Again the wild and excited multitude, who but a moment 
 since were dumb in expecting silence, were now making the 
 welkin ring with a mighty shout of realizing joy. The favorite 
 had won, and glad hearts were happy in his success. Who 
 could not enjoy such a scene ! Who would not applaud such a 
 triumph? Still Kentucky stands the foremost horse. Long 
 may his star be ascendant ! l^ever may his banner wave but in 
 the front, stainless and triumphant ! 
 
 Mr. Leonard W. Jerome purchased Kentucky shortly after 
 his last race at Jerome Park, for $40,000 ; and he made the 
 season of 1867 at Chas. Bathgate's, Jerome Park, Eordham, 
 Westchester county, N. Y., at $250 a season. 
 
KENTUCKY. 
 
 403 
 
 During tlie fall of 186T the following matcli was made and 
 run over the track at Jerome Park : — 
 
 Jerome Park, Thursday, Oct. 17, 1867— A match for $3000 a side, half forfeit ; Kentucky against 
 
 time. To run four mOes in 7:20. 
 L. W. Jerome's b. h. Kentucky, 6 years old, by Lexington, dam Magnolia, by imp. Glencoe, 
 
 120 lbs. Lost. 
 
 TtSTE. 
 
 First mile 1:48 
 
 Second mile 1:48 
 
 Third mile 1:53 
 
 Fourth mile 2:02^ 
 
 7:31} 
 
 The following description of the race is taken from the " Turf, 
 Field, and Farm," Oct. 2Gtl], 1867 : 
 
 KENTUCKY AGAINST TIME. 
 
 Thursday, October 17th, was an auspicious day at Jerome 
 Park. Kentuc]>:y ran his race against time ; and the match that 
 we first gave to the public had been discussed so often in every 
 part of the country, that it excited the deepest interest, and not 
 less than twenty thousand people were present to witness it. The 
 failure of Kentucky was acknowledged with deep regret, especially 
 by the ladies, who worship him as an ideal horse. His proud 
 carriage, as he appeared on the course prior to the race, seemed 
 to presage victory, and the thousands in the grand stand greeted 
 him with an enthusiastic outburst of applause. The day was all 
 that could be asked — the loveliest of October, the softest of 
 glorious, golden-tinted autumn. Kentucky — though a little too 
 high in flesh, and full in the flank, his body not being rounded 
 up, like last Fall, when he beat Idlewild, Onward and Fleetwing 
 — appeared to be in good condition, and his friends were sanguine 
 that he would win. "When Littlefield mounted him for the start, 
 forty thousand eye's rested upon him, and ]ie was the object of 
 the most intense interest to twenty thousand people. He passed 
 the score on a full run, led by one of his stable companions, the 
 fleet-footed De Courcey. Kentucky ran with perfect ease, his 
 graceful, free, far-reaching stride inspiring his backers with the 
 utmost confidence. The first mile was made in 1:48, and the 
 second in the same time. At the beginning of the third mile 
 Kentucky still seemed fresh, and De Courcey was now relieved 
 by Clara Clarita. Gallantly she led him around the right bend, 
 
404 THE IIOKSE. 
 
 and opposite tlie Club-house Luther was let loose, and joined in 
 the race. And right here the mischief was done. Kentucky 
 was excited by the rush of Luther to the front, and he was per- 
 mitted to brush with him. lie had been going at a fearful rate 
 of speed, and the extra strain was more than nature could stand. 
 The brush taxed the respiratory organs too severely ; the demand 
 exceeded the supply, and the overbalance led to disastrous con- 
 sequences. Kentucky began to show signs of distress before 
 reaching the third quarter, and he closed the mile in 1:53 — an 
 evident falling-oif of speed. Redwing was started to lead him 
 the fourth mile, and the noble horse sprang gallantly after her, 
 though laboring most perceptibly. To the careful observer it 
 was now apparent that Time would triumph. At the half mile 
 Kentucky's gallop was irregular, and around the turn below the 
 Club-house he attempted to bolt, but was straightened and urged 
 forward by Littlefield. Coming down the homa stretch the whip 
 was freely applied, and he passed under the string in 7:31 1, a 
 loser of the race by llf seconds. Although the day was fine, 
 and the horse in fair condition, he was badly managed in the 
 race. The Urst two miles were run in 3:36, a killing rate of 
 speed. The horse was outpaced, and all chances of success de- 
 stroyed. Had he run the first mile in 1:48, and the second in 
 1:51, and have been kept at a regular gait on the third mile, the 
 result might have been different. Lexington, in his famous race 
 against time, ran the first mile in 1:47^, the second in 1:52|, the 
 third in 1:51 1, and the fourth in 1:4S|. He was not outpaced in 
 the first half of the race, but by careful riding held strength in 
 reserve and was able to keep up his high rate of speed to the 
 end. Kentucky carried seventeen pounds more than his sire did, 
 and he labored under the disadvantage of running over a slower 
 track. But notwithstanding his mismanagement we doubt very 
 much if Kentucky could have performed the great feat before 
 him on Thursday the ITth, in the specified time. Undoubtedly 
 he could have made a better finish under ditferent control, but 
 we incline to the opinion that he was not seasoned to carry 120 
 lbs. and run four miles in seven minutes and twenty seconds. 
 He may be able to do it next year at Saratoga, but it was out of 
 the question for him to do it at Jerome Park, after making a 
 season in the stud, this October. Though failing, he proved 
 
KENTUCKY 8 PERFORMANCES. 
 
 405 
 
 himself a great liorse. Three miles in 5:29 with such a heavy 
 weight, is an extraordinary performance. The result of this 
 match against time has revived, in a measure, interest in the 
 celebrated Asteroid and Kentucky controversy. Asteroid is now 
 strong again, and as he is to be trained next year, parties are 
 anxious to make a match between him and Kentucky for the 
 summer of 1868. The proposition, doubtless, will be widely 
 canvassed dm-ing the coming winter. Asteroid, it is asserted, 
 ran a fom'-mile trial over the Woodlawn course, at Louisville, 
 carrying weight for age, in 7:23|. His unfortunate injury at 
 Jerome Park, last autumn, was a great disappointment to the 
 public, and a strong desire is now manifested to see him in a 
 four-mile race with such a distinguished champion and worthy 
 foeman as Kentucky. 
 
 SUMIVIART OF KENTUCKY'S PERFORMANCES. 
 
 In 1863, started once, won once. 
 
 Paterson, N. J.— Sweepstakes for 2-year-olds 
 
 $900.00 
 
 In 1864, started seven times, won six. 
 
 Paterson, N. J.— Sequel Stakes for 3-year-olds . 
 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y.— The Travers' Stake for 3-year-old8 
 
 Same Meeting — Sweepstakes for S-year-olds 
 
 Paterson, N. J. — The Jersey St. Leger for 3-year-olds 
 
 Same Meeting— The Sequel Stakes for 3-year-olds 
 
 Same Meeting-A Match, two mile heats .... 
 
 1200.00 
 2500.00 
 1750,00 
 2350.00 
 950.00 
 5750,00 
 
 In 1865, started seven times, won seven. 
 
 Paterson, N. J.— Purse for all ages, two mile heats 
 
 Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile heats . 
 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y.— The Saratoga Cup, 2^ miles, for aU ages 
 
 Same Meeting— Purse, dash four miles— walked over 
 
 Paterson, N. J.— Purse for all ages, two mile heats . 
 
 Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, dash three miles 
 
 Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile heats 
 
 600.00 
 1000.00 
 1900.00 
 1000.00 
 500.00 
 400.00 
 700.00 
 
 In 1836, started seven times, won seven. 
 Paterson, N. J.— Purse for all ages, two mile heats . 
 Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile dash 
 Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, three mile heats . 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y.— Saratoga Cup, 2^ miles 
 Same Meeting— Purse for all ages, dash of four miles 
 Jerome Park, N. Y.— Inauguration Stake, four mile heats 
 Same Meeting— The Grand National Race, 2^ miles . 
 
 600.00 
 500.00 
 100.000 
 2300.00 
 1000.00 
 7100.00 
 1950.00 
 
 In 1357, started once, lost once. 
 Jerome Park— A Match against time. 
 
 St.arted 24 times, won 23, lost 3. 
 
 Total winning 
 
 $-■25,950.00 
 
406 THE H02SE. 
 
 Kentucky was placed in tlie stud again in 1868, and was 
 purchased by August Belmont, Esq., shortly after his time race, 
 for §40,000. He has been used as a private stallion ever since 
 by Mr. Belmont at the Nursery Stud Farm, near Babylon, Long 
 Island. Like Asteroid, the oldest of Kentucky colts are two- 
 year-olds, too young to form an estimate of his success as a stal- 
 lion. Magnolia's produce have been as a rule generally success- 
 ful upon the turf. Magic was a fair filly and won two of her 
 stakes as a three-year. Madeline raced in Michigan with much 
 success, but is better known as the dam of Maggie B. B. Ma- 
 donna ran many races with various success. Charley Ball was 
 a very fine colt, running a second heat at Lexington, in 1854, in 
 1 :45f , the fastest mile at that time ever made over the course. 
 He ran many races South, and won some at three miles. Prince- 
 ton was a very fine racer and ran at all distances. Charley Mor- 
 gan and Hanover were indififerent. Daniel Boone, like his full 
 brother, was a splendid horse, thought by many to be fully equal 
 to Kentucky. He beat the celebrated Planet at Isew Orleans 
 two mile heats in 3:38^ — 3:36|, the best race at that day. He is 
 now the property of that princely turfman, Wm. Cottrill, Esq., of 
 Mobile, Ala., and promises to be as successful in the stud as on 
 the turf. Simon Kenton was a poor race-horse, better known as 
 tlie sire of the successful hurdler and steeple-chaser Bohannon. 
 Skedaddle was quite successful upon the turf and won the great 
 Boatsman stake, mile heats three in five, at St. Louis, beating Sue 
 Lewis and a large field. Her first foal. Saucebox, by Star Davis, 
 promises highly. Gilroy was very fast, but only moderate upon 
 the turf He is standing in Kentucky. Victory is a fine race- 
 horse, very fast, but very uncertain in temper, especially in start- 
 ing. That Kentucky will be a great success as a sire, we have 
 no doubt, if properly mated. His fine breeding, unexceptionable 
 action, and success upon the turf, if " like begets like," will make 
 him take rank as one of the most valuable sons of the bhnd hero 
 of Woodburn 
 
IMPOKTED LEAMINGTON. 407 
 
 IMPOETED LEAMmGTOK 
 
 Leamington was bred by Mr. Halford, of England ; imported 
 to America in 1865 by R. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stud 
 Farm, Staten Island, ]N". Y. ; now the property of A. Welch, 
 Esq., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Penn. By Faugh-a-Ballagh. 
 1st dam by Pantaloon ; 2d dam Daphne, by Laurel ; 3d dam 
 Maid of Honor, by Champion ; 4:th dam Etiquette, by Orville ; 
 5th dam Boadicea, by Alexander ; 6th dam Brunette, by 
 Amaranthus ; 7th dam Mayfly, by Matchem ; 8th dam by 
 Ancaster Starling ; 9th dam by Grasshopper ; 10th dam by Su* 
 M. ^N'ewton's Arabian ; 11th dam by Pert ; 12th dam by St. 
 Martins ; 13th dam by Sir E, Hale's Arabian ; 14th dam the 
 Old Field mare. 
 
 Faugh-a-Ballagh, the sire of Leamington, bred by Mr. G. 
 Knox, in 1841, was a full brother to the celebrated Irish Bird- 
 catcher, by Sir Hercules, out of Guiccioli, by Bob Booty ; Flight, 
 by Irish Escape; Young Heroine, by Bagot; Heroine (Tom 
 Turf's dam), by Hero ; Snap, sister to Eegulus, etc., etc. 
 
 Faugh-a-Ballagh appeared once as a two-year-old, and ran 
 third for the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster, won by The 
 Cure. As a three-year-old started seven times, won four, lost 
 one, received forfeit once, and paid forfeit once. "Won the 
 Great Doncaster St. Leger, beating The Cure, The Princess, 
 and six others. At same meeting over St. Leger Course beat 
 Corranna, a match for £1000; ISTewmarket won the Grand 
 Duke Michael Stakes, beating Red Deer and three others; 
 Newmarket won the Cesarewitch Stakes, beating Lightning, 
 and twenty others ; JSTewmarket ran second to Evenus, for the 
 Cambridgeshire Stakes; l^ewmarket received 150 sovs. com- 
 promise from Alice Hawthorn Ditch— in 500, 200 ft. ; :N"ew- 
 
408 THE HOESE. 
 
 market paid forfeit 100 sovs. Ditch — in to Lord G. Bentinck's 
 Nawortb. As a four-year-old at Ascot ran second to the 
 Emperor for a piece of plate, value 500 sovs. — the gift of his 
 Majesty the Emperor of all the Kussias — Alice Hawthorn third, 
 Cowl fourth. 
 
 He was placed at the stud the following year, and sired some 
 good stock in England — ^Leamington the best. Cestrea, Ethel- 
 wolf, Ginger, Le Juif, Mary Ann, Morning Star, Pole Star, 
 Tom Burke, Berage, Garibaldi, Hibernia, The Hadji, Master 
 Bagot and Bosa Bonheur are amongst the best of his get in 
 England. In 1855 he was exported to France, where he added 
 renewed luster to his name as the sire of Fille de I'Air, Fontenoy, 
 Jarnicoton, Armagnac, and others. 
 
 The Pantaloon mare, the dam of Leamington, has no turf 
 career. The following is a list of her produce : — 
 
 1849— br. c. Prosperous, by Launcelot Mr. E. Allen. 
 
 1850— br. c. John Bull, by Falstaff " 
 
 1851— missed to ditto Mr. Halford. 
 
 1852— ch. f. Myi-tle, by Sweetmeat " 
 
 1853— br. c. Leamington, by Faugh-a-Ballagh " 
 
 1854 — br. c. Goldwater, by Sweetmeat " 
 
 1855— b. f. Sweet Pretty Pet, by Flatcatcher " 
 
 1856— br. c. Vault, by Vatican " 
 
 1858— br. c. Milverton, by Loup-garou " 
 
 Barren in 1857, and died in 1859, in foal to Alonzo. 
 
 Pantaloon, chestnut colt, foaled in 1824, bred by Mr. 
 Gifford. By Castrel, out of Idalia by Peruvian, her dam 
 Musidora, sister to Meteora, by Meteor, out of Maid-of-all- 
 Work, etc. Pantaloon ran seven times as a three-year-old, and 
 won six, came in first for the seventh, but was declared distanced 
 from loss of weight. This ended his turf career. He is better 
 known as a sire. His blood is still held in England of the 
 highest repute. During his stud career he sired some first-class 
 animals, such as The Drone, Cardinal PuflT, Ghuznee, the winner of 
 the Oaks in 1841 ; Satirist, winner of the St. Leger in 1841 ; Jocose, 
 the dam of Maccaroni, the sire of Macgregor ; Leger-de-main, the 
 winner of the Cesarewitch in 1849, and the dam of Toxopholite, 
 Elthiron, Van Amburgh, Juvenal, Morpeth, The Libel, Clarissa, 
 Caprice, Slander, Pantalonade, the dam of The Prime Minister, 
 
IMPORTED LEAMINGTON. 409 
 
 tlie sire of Tlie Kniglit of the Garter, Hernandez, Odiham, Medal, 
 Fair Helen, the dam of Lord of the Isles, winner of the two 
 thousand guineas in 1855, and the sire of Dundee, and the two 
 brothers Hobbie Noble and "Windhound, the latter the sire of 
 Thormanby, considered the best young sire in England. 
 
 DESCEIPTION or LEAlVnNGTON. 
 
 Leamington, a dark-brown horse, foaled 1853, full 16 hands 
 1 inch high. He has a beautiful head and neck, fine eyes and 
 good shoulders, fine back, great length, and as fine from the 
 point of the hip to the whirlbone, and from thence back to the 
 hock, as any horse in the country. With a very round barrel, 
 it gives him the appearance of a light middle piece. We think 
 his hind leg a pattern, and he is best there, where many of the 
 English horses are deficient. He has most excellent bone; 
 his right hind foot, from the hoof to the pastern, is white, 
 and a large white star sets ofi" his expressive and blood-like 
 head. 
 
 R, H. Copperthwaite, Esq., in his book " The Turf, Eace 
 Horse, and Stud Farm," thus expresses himself about Leaming- 
 ton : 
 
 ' A dark-brown horse, with a white star, eleven yeai'S old, 
 by Faugh-a-Baliagh ; dam by Pantaloon ; her dam Daphne by 
 Laurel. 
 
 " He is one of the best representatives of what a race-horse 
 ought to be, with great length, racing points all over, and won- 
 derful propelling power, and position of his hind-quarters being 
 perfection, and such as cannot fail, at a glance, to strike the eye. 
 In his general formation and appearance, he somewhat resembles 
 his sire, and in many respects Buccaneer, although more com- 
 manding in his general style, being, in fact, a perfect specimen 
 of the fine slashing race-horse — ^just what might be expected 
 from his relationship to Pantaloon, whose descendants invariably 
 present such an appearance. His sire's fame is world-wide ; 
 indeed, by many he is believed to have been the best horse ever 
 foaled — a question which no doubt admits of serious considera- 
 
410 THE IIOESE. 
 
 tion as well as doubt. Be tliat as it may, that Leamington looks 
 all over a fine model of a race-liorse — that he proved himself 
 (which is better than mere appearance, which is often a fallacy) 
 a genuine first-class animal, as well as a perfectly sound wear- 
 and-tear one, cannot be denied ; for although his name is not 
 recorded among the Blue Kiband or St. Leger winners, his per- 
 formances justly entitle him to the confidence and support of 
 breeders, which would be badly rewarded by patronizing, as a 
 rule, some of the winners of those great events; for although 
 the Derby, Oaks, and St. Leger may be generally very good 
 tests of quality, it by no means follows that there are not, in 
 many instances, far better horses of the year than the winners — 
 some never even entered. Taking into consideration the fact 
 that the country has lost his sire, Leamington must be looked to 
 as the most promising son of that renowned animal best qualified 
 to fill his place, and uphold untarnished the prestige of his an- 
 cestors, which, with a fair and reasonable chance, there can 
 hardly be a doubt he will do, for he is from head to tail a 
 ' noble, fine animal,' and one most likely yet to stand at the 
 same figure as his relative, Irisli Birdcatcher. The fact that he 
 has the Pantaloon blood in his veins is an additional recommen- 
 dation, for it is questionable if there flows in any animal better ; 
 the very best runners and the grandest specimens of the noble 
 thoroughbred are descended from Pantaloon. I believe that 
 Leamington, as viewed upon the race-course, walking with his 
 majestic yet steady air, presents at once the appearance of the 
 most level-made, lengthy sample of a race-horse that we have 
 seen for many years, every shape and point being where they 
 should be, and his ' propellers ' always doing their duty, being 
 placed so beautifully for the purpose. Although his career at 
 the stud has as yet but commenced, he has begun well, and is, 
 to my mind, certain to finish better. The running of Fille de 
 I'Air, that extraordinary mare (a daughter of Faugh-a-Ballagh), 
 is further proof in favor of the chance of Leamington proving 
 successful." 
 
 This was written a year before his importation, and the de- 
 scription holds good to-day. Mr. Copperthwaite's predictions 
 as to his value as a sire have been singularly true so far as 
 
Leamington's peefokmances. 411 
 
 America is concerned, as we will have occasion to notice in a 
 review of his produce. 
 
 Leamington's performances. 
 
 Warwick, Monday, March 19th, 1855— The Woodcote Stakes of 15 bot. each, 5 ft., for two-year- 
 olds ; five furlongs (7 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. Hall'ord's Leamington, by Faugh-a-Ballagh, 8 st. 2 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Lucas' b. f. Ceres, 7 st. 13 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Pell's ch. f. Mavourneen, 8 st. 4 lbs 3 
 
 5 to 4 on Leamington, and 6 to 4 against Ceres. Won by a length. 
 
 Nottingham, Thursday, July 19th, 1855— The Eobin Hood Stakes of 10 sov. each, with 50 added 
 for two-year-olds ; the second saved bis stake, and the winner paid 5 sov. to the fond ; 
 T. Y. C. (10 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. Morris' b. f. Tilly, by Planet, 8 st. 7 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Halford's br. c. Leamington, 8 st. 7 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. T. Taylor's b. f , by Slane, out of Ostrogoth's dam, 8 st. 3 lbs 3 
 
 6 to 5 against Leamington, 7 to 4 against Tilly, and 4 to 1 against the Slane filly. Won by a 
 
 neck, the Slane fiHy finishing about six lengths behind Leamington. 
 
 Same Meeting, Friday, July 20th, 1855— The Bunney Park Stakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., with 
 50 added for two-year-olds. The winner paid 5 sov. to the fund ; T. Y. C. (14 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. H. Lewis' br. f. Duet, by Jericho, 7 st. 12 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. J. Scott's br. c. St. Domingo, 8 st. 4 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Barber's b. f. Miss Harkaway, 8 st. 3 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. Copeland's b. c. St. Dunstan, 8 st 4 
 
 Mr. Dawson's Gaudy, 8 st. . . 5 
 
 Mr. Lucas' Garnet, 7 st. 10 lbs 6 
 
 Mr. Halford's Leamington, 8 st. 7 lbs. 7 
 
 5 to 2 against Leamington, 7 to 2 against Gaady, and 5 to 1 against Duet. Won easily by a 
 length, two lengths between the second and third. 
 
 York, Wednesday, August 22d, 1855 — The Convivial Produce Stakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., with 
 100 added, for two-year-old colts, 8 st. tj lbs., and fillies 8 st. 2 lbs. ; those got by stallions 
 or out of mares which never produced a winner allowed 3 lbs., and winners before starting 
 to carry 2 lbs. extra ; the ovnier of the second horse received 10 per cent, out of the stakes, 
 and the third saved his stake ; T. Y. C. (1-39 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. Bowes' br. c. Fly-by-Night, by the Flying Dutchman, 8 st. 5 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. W. H. Brooks' ch. f. Manganese, 8 st. 4 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Harland's br. f. Mirage, 7 st. 13 lbs 3 
 
 Merlin 8 st. 6 lbs., Little Tibby 8 st. 1 lb., Leamington 8 st. 5 lbs., Blanche 7 st. 13 lbs., Aleppo 
 8 St. 8 lbs., Alfred 8 st. 6 lbs., Adam, Lord Glasgow Birdcatcher colt, 8 st. C lbs. Mr. Buck- 
 ley's Birdcatcher flUy, 8 st. 2 lbs., started, but not placed. 
 
 7 to 4 against Fly-by-Night, 9 to 4 against Aleppo, 6 to 1 against Mirage, 7 to 1 against 
 
 Merlin, 12 to 1 against Manganese, and 100 to 8 against Prairie Bird colt. Won by a 
 length, half a length between the second and third. Merlin was fourth. Aleppo was 
 left at the post. 
 
 Derby, Wednesday, August 29th, 1855— The Chesterfield Stakes of 50 sov., given by the Eight 
 Hon. the Earl of Chesterfield, added to a sweepstakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., for two-year- 
 olds ; the owner of the second horse saved his stake, and the winner paid 5 sov. towards 
 expenses ; about half a mile (16 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. Halford's Leamington, 8 st. 10 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's br. c. Stork, 8 st. 12 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. T. Taylor's f. by Slane, out of Ostrogoth's dam, 8 st 3 
 
412 THE HOESE. 
 
 Flyaway, 8 st. 8 lbs., St. Dunstan, 8 at. 10 lbs., and Lord Wilton's Birdcatcher filly, out of 
 
 Sacrifice, 8 st. 3 lbs., started, but not placed. 
 5 to 4 against Stork, 2 to 1 against Flyaway, and 8 to 1 each against the Sacrifice filly and 
 
 Leamington. Won by a length and a half, a neck between the second and third. 
 
 Epsom, Wednesday, May 28th, 1856— The Derby Stakes of 50 sov. each, h. ft., for three-year-old 
 colts, 8 St. 7 lbs., and fillies 8 st. 2 lbs ; the second received 100 sov. out of the stake, and 
 the winner paid 100 sov. towards the police and regulations of the Course, and 50 sov. 
 to the judge ; one mile and a half to be run on the New Course (211 subscribers). 
 
 Adam Harcourt's br. c. Ellington, by The Flying Dutchman 1 
 
 Mr. Howard's ch. c. Yellow Jack 2 
 
 Lord J. Scott's b. c. Cannobie 3 
 
 Lord Derby's b. c. Fazzoletto 4 
 
 Coroner, Bay Hilton, Fly-by-Night, Wandering Willie, Leamington, Aleppo, Wentworth, Bird- 
 in-Hand, Forbidden Fruit, Vandermulin, Puek, Mr. Verdant Green, Artillery, Astrologue, 
 Rogerthorpe, Pretty Boy, Dramatist, Newington, Cotswold, and The Prince started, but 
 were not placed. 
 5 to 2 against Fazzoletto, 7 to 2 against Wentworth, C to 1 against Cannobie, 7 to 1 against Ar- 
 tillery, 12 to 1 against Fly-by-Night and Vandermulin, 15 to 1 against Yellow Jack, 20tol 
 each against Bird-in-Hand and Ellington, 25 to 1 against Puck, 40 to 1 each against Bay Hil- 
 ton, Newington, Rogerthorpe, and Coroner, 50 to 1 against Astrologus, and 1000 to 10 
 against any other. Won by a length, half a length between the second and third, a length 
 and a half between the third and fourth. 
 
 Newton, Wednesday, June 18th, 1856— The Makerfleld Handicap Plate of 60 sov., for all ages ; 
 
 winners after the publication of the weights, 5 lbs. extra ; half a mUe. 
 
 Mr. Merone's br. c. Biron, by Touchstone, 4 years old, 7 st. 5 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Copeland's b. c. St. Dunstan, 3 years, 5 st. 9 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Hahbrd's br. c. Leamington, 3 years, 6 st. 8 lbs. 3 
 
 Eleven others started, but were not placed. 
 
 5 to 2 against Leamington, 4 to 1 against Bubble, 5 to 1 against Biron, and 10 to 1 against 
 
 Chore Petite. Won by a neck, the same between second and third. 
 
 Same Meeting, Thursday, June 19th, 1856— The great Newton Handicap Plate of 200 sov. added 
 
 to a sweepstakes of 5 sov. each ; the second to receive 20 sov. out of the stakes ; one mUe 
 
 and a half (44 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's ch. g. Aladdin (late Go-away), 5 years, 7 st 1 
 
 Mr. J. Whittaker's b. c. Van Dunck, 3 years, 5 st. 3 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Halford's b. c. Goldhill, 3 years, 6 st. 10 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. J. H. Smith's ch. c. Midhope, 3 years, 5 st. 13 lbs 4 
 
 The Heir of Linne, Berezina, Leamington, Dr. Ginkel, Bubble, and St. Dunstan started, but 
 
 not placed. 
 3 to 1 each against the Heir of Linne and Midhope, 5 to 1 against Goldhill, 6 to 1 against Van 
 
 Dunck, 8 to 1 against Aladdin, 10 to 1 against Leamington, and 20 to 1 against Dr. Ginkel. 
 
 Won by a length, two lengths between the second and third, a bad fourth. 
 
 Same Meeting, Friday, June 20th, 1856— The Manor Handicap Plate of GO sov., for all ages; 
 winners after the weights are published 5 lbs., or the winner of the Makerfleld or Gars- 
 wood Handicap, 7 lbs. ; of both these handicaps, 10 lbs. estra ; half a mile. 
 
 Mr. J. Henderson's br. {. Janet Pride, by lago, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Morris's b. m. Comfort, 5 years, 8 St. 10 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Halford's br. c. Leamington, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. Copeland's b. c. St. Dunstan, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs 4 
 
 Biron, L' Addis. Leyburn Lass, Chere Petite, and Jack Spring started, but not placed. 
 2 to 1 against Comfort, 4 to 1 against Janet Pride, and 6 to 1 against any other. Won by a 
 length, the same between the second and third. 
 
ll|11i!'i3''!j"C!"''f!''!iijE'P'!'*iiir' 
 
 m 
 
Leamington's pekfoemances. 413 
 
 Wolverhampton, Monday, Aug. 11th, 185G— The Trial Stakes (handicap) of 5 bov. each, with 
 50 added ; 1 mile (11 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. Copelaud's St. Dunstan, 3 years, 5 st. 8 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Stevens' Elfrida, 3 years, 5 st. 10 lbs. . . 2 
 
 Mr. Newcome's ch. c. Obscurity, 3 years, 5 st 3 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 6 st .4 
 
 5 to 4 on Leamington, 3 to 1 against Elfrida, and 4 to 1 against St. Dunstan. Won by a half 
 
 length, a head between the second and third. 
 
 Same Meeting, Wednesday, Aug. 13th, 1850— The Wrotterby Stakes of 10 sov. each, h. ft., with 
 50 added, for two and three-year-olds ; half mile. 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 8 st. 12 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. J. Dawson's Harrie, 2 years, 7 st. 2 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. Eastwood's f. by Chatham, 2 years, est. 12 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. Crump's Typhon, 3 years, 8 St. 12 lbs. 4 
 
 6 to 4 on Harrie, 5 to 2 against Typhon, and 10 to 1 against Leamington. Won by a head, the 
 
 same between the second and third ; Typhon lost start. 
 
 Warwick, Thursday, Sept. 4th, 1856— The Town Plate of 50 sov. added to a Handicap of 5 sov. 
 each, 2 ft., for three-years-old, and upwards. The winner paid 10 sov. towards the altera- 
 tion of the Course; one mile (21 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's br. c. Leamington, 3 years, 7 st. 8 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. T. Stevens' br. f. Elfrida, 3 years, 7 st. 2 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. J. Day's b. m. Octavia, aged, 8 st. 2 lbs. . . 3 
 
 Mr. Flintoff's br. h. Blossom, 5 years, 8 st. 9 lbs 4 
 
 Mr. Osbaldeston's b. t Lunelle, 3 years, 6 st. 10 lbs 5 
 
 Mr. Hughes' b. f. Breeze, 3 years, 7 st. 4 lbs 6 
 
 7 to 4 against Leamington, and 3 to 1 each against Octavia and Breeze. 
 Won by three lengths, a bad third, the others close together. 
 
 Leicester, Thursday, Sept. 25th, 1856— The Scurry Handicap of 50 sov. added to a sweepstakes 
 of 10 sov. each, 3 ft., if declared by the 9th Sept. The winner paid 3 sov. to the Racing- 
 fund— half a mile (23 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. St. John's British Remedy, 3 years, 6 st. 4 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 7 st. 3 lbs. ......... 2 
 
 Mr. Mills' Coal-black-Rose, 3 years, 5 st. 11 lbs 3 
 
 Six others started, but not placed. 
 
 7 to 4 against Breeze, 3 to 1 against Leamington, and 6 to 1 against British Remedy. Won by 
 a length, a bad third. 
 
 Shrewsbury, Wednesday, Nov. 19th, 1856— The Corporative Plate, value 50 sov., added to a free 
 Handicap of 5 sov. each, for all ages ; the second saved his stake, and the winner paid 10 
 BOV. towards expenses ; five furlongs (32 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. John Scott's Katharine Logie, 3 years, 7 st. 4 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Howard's Strawberry, 2 years, 6 st. 1 lb 2 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 7 st. 4 lbs 3 
 
 Eighteen others started, but not placed. 
 
 4 to 1 against Leamington and Baroda, 6 to 1 against Strawberry, 10 to 1 each against Blue 
 Rock and Katherine Logie, 12 to 1 against Miss Harkaway, and 100 to 8 against British 
 Remedy. Won by two lengths, a length between the second and third, a head between 
 the third and fourth, Alfred fifth. 
 
 Same Meeting, Thursday, Sept. 20th, 1856— The Steward's Cup, value 50 sov., the gift of the 
 Stewards, added to a free Handicap of 5 sov. each ; the second saved his stake, and the 
 winner paid 10 sov. towards expenses ; one mUe (32 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. E. Parr's Leamington, 3 years, 7 st 1 
 
 Mr. Waller's Octavia, aged, 7 st. 4 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Walker's Agra, 3 years. 6 st. 8 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. Leach's Prince's Mixture, 3 years, st. 8 lbs. 4 
 
414 THE IIOESE. 
 
 Seven others started, but not placed. 
 
 5 to 2 against Leamiugtou, and 3 to 1 against Palmoodie. Won by a length and a half, a neck 
 each between the second, third, and fourth. St. Dunstan lost start. 
 
 Chester, Wednesday, May 6th, 1857— The Tradesmen's Plate or Chester Cup of 200 sov. in 
 specie, added to a Handicap sweepstakes of 25 sov. each, 15 ft., and 5 only if declared on or 
 before the 2d of February. The second received 50 sov. out of the slakes, and the winner 
 paid 50 sov. towards expenses of the Judge, Starter, etc.. Cup Course, about two miles and 
 a quarter (188 subscribers ; 70 of whom paid 5 sov. each). 
 
 Mr. F. Higgins' br. c. Leamington, 4 years, C st. 9 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Hovrard's eh. c. Drumour, 3 years, 6 st. 3 lbs 3 
 
 Lord Ribblesdale's b. c. Dulcamara, 3 years, 5 st. 2 lbs 3 
 
 Thirty-two others started, but were not placed. 
 
 3 to 1 against Commotion, 6 to 1 against Leamington, 7 to 1 against Dulcamara, 14 to 1 against 
 Turbit, 15 to 1 against Peeping Tom, 100 to 6 against Warlock, 20 to 1 against Eiseber, 25 to 
 1 each against Drumour, Gemma di Vergy, Pretty Boy, Zigzag, and Lance, 30 to 1 against 
 Van Dunsk, 1000 to 15 against Alice Wentworth, and 1000 to 10 against Aleppo. Won by a 
 neck, a length between the second and third, Riseber fourth, Pole Star fifth, and Lance 
 next. 
 
 Ascot, Thursday, June 11th, 1857— The Gold Cup, by subscription of 20 sov. each, with 200 
 added from the fund ; three years old to carry 6 st. 10 lbs., four, 8 st. 5 lbs., five, 9 st sis 
 and aged, 9 st. 3 lbs. ; m. and g. allowed 3 lbs. ; the owner of the second horse received 50 
 sov., out of the Stakes ; to start at the Cup post and go once round, about two miles and 
 a half (33 subscribers). 
 
 Lord Zetland's b. c. Skirmisher, 3 years 1 
 
 Mr. John Eobson's br. c. Gemma di Vergy, 3 years 2 
 
 Mr. John Jackson's bl. c. Saunterer, 3 years 3 
 
 Mr. Snewing's b. m. Pole Star, 5 years 4 
 
 Pretty Boy, Tasmania, Winkfield, Wardennarske, Leamington, Eogerthorpe, Chevalier d'ln- 
 
 dustrie, and Warlock started, but were not placed. 
 4 to 1 against Skirmisher (oft'j, 11 to 2 against Wardermarske, 6 to 1 against Eogerthorpe, 7 to 1 
 against Gemma di Vergy, 8 to 1 against Pole Star, 15 to 1 each against Tasmania and 
 Saunterer, 25 to 1 against Leamington, and 30 to 1 against Warlock. Won by a length and 
 a half, a head between the second and third, and two lengths between the third and fourth. 
 Eogerthorpe was fifth, and Chevalier d'Industrie sixth. 
 
 Goodwood, Wednesday, July 2Gth, 1857— The Goodwood Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., and 5 
 if declared on or before the S3d of June; the second horse received 100 sovs. from the 
 stakes. The winner paid 15 sovs. to the judge ; two miles and a half; (96 subscribers, 51 
 of whom paid 5 sovs. each.) 
 
 Mr. F. Higgins' br. c. Leamington, 4 years, 8 st. lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Hawkins' b. c. Gunboat, 3 years, 6 st. 7 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. Grafton's br. c. Somerset, 3 years, 6 st. 4 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. M. Dennett's b. h. Hartley Buck, 5 years, 6 St. 5 lbs. 4 
 
 Fisherman, Pretty Boy, Aleppo, Sluggard, Van Dunck, Petocki, Homily, The Bird in the Hand, 
 Martinet, Barfleur, Eloquence, Eosati, Paradin, Hobgoblin, and Birdcatcher colt, out of 
 Maid of Mashem, started, but were not placed. 
 11 to 2 against Fisherman, 6 to 1 each against The Bird in the Hand and Hobgoblin, 9 to 1 
 againt Barfleur, 10 to 1 against Martinet, 100 to 7 each against Pretty Boy and Homily, 100 
 to 6 against Van Dunck, 20 to 1 each against Eosati and Aleppo, 25 to 1 each against Slug- 
 gard, Petocki, and Gunboat, and 100 to 3 each against Somerset and Leamington. Won 
 by a length, a bad third ; Fisherman was fifth. 
 
 Same Meeting— Friday, July 31st, 1857— The Chesterfield Cup (handicap), value 300 sovs., the 
 rest in specie, by subscription of 15 sovs. each, for all ages (two-yeai"s-old excepted) ; the 
 ■winner of the Goodwood Stakes, the Goodwood Cup, or Steward's Cup at Goodwood, 7 lbs. 
 extra ; Craven Course (43 subscribers). 
 
Leamington's peefokmances. 415 
 
 Mr. Howara'9 Comquot, 3 years, 6 st. 10 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Saxon's b. f. Queen Bess, 3 years, 5 st. 8 lbs 2 
 
 Lord Exeter's Beechnut, 3 years, 6 st 3 
 
 LeamiBgton, 4 years, 9 st. 5 lbs., and fifteen others, started, but were not placed. 
 
 3 to 1 against Peeping Tom, 4 to 1 against Katherlne Logie, 8 to 1 against Leamington, 10 to 1 
 
 each against General Bosquet, Comqnot, and Malakoff, 100 to 8 each against Costwold and 
 
 Beechnut, 100 to 7 against Tricolor, 100 to 6 against Kestrel, and 20 to 1 against Claret. 
 
 Won- by three-quarters of a length, a length between second and third. Gen. Bosquet 
 
 fourth; Tricolor bolted. 
 
 Egham, Wednesday, Aug. 26th, 1857— Her Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas ; three-years-old, 
 8 St. 2 lbs., four, 9 st. 5 lbs., five, 9 st. 11 lbs., Bix and aged, 10 st. Two miles and a 
 distance. 
 
 Mr. J. B. 8 larky' s Fisherman, 4 years 1 
 
 Mr. Hart'f? Winkfleld, G years 2 
 
 Mr. Mellish's Tame Deer, 4 years 3 
 
 Mr. Efiggins' Leamington, 4 years 4 
 
 Mr. B. Lane's br. g. Weatherglass, 3 years. 
 
 6 to 4 on Fisherman, and 5 to 2 against Leamington. Won in a canter by two lengths, a bad 
 third. Weatherglass bolted soon after starting. 
 
 Newmarket, Tuesday, Oct. 12th, 1858— The Osesarewitch Stakes, a free handicap of 25 sovs. 
 each, 15 ft., with 200 added by the Jockey Club, for three-years-old and upwards ; the 
 second received 50 sovs. out of the stakes, and the winner paid 80 sovs. to the judge ; 
 Osesarewitch Course (75 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. G. Lambert's ch. c. Rocket, 3 years, 6 st. 4 lbs. 1 
 
 Mr. Ten Broeck's Prioress, 5 years, 7 st. 9 lbs. 
 
 Mr. T. Hughes' br. g. The Brewer, 5 years, 7 st 
 
 Mr. E. Read's Satinstone, 3 years, 6 st. 3 lbs 4 
 
 Leamington, 5 years, 9 st. 4 lbs., and thirty others started, but were not placed. 
 9 to 2 against Prioress, 6 to 1 against Malacca, 14 to 1 each against Underhand and Rocket, 
 20 to 1 each against Beacon, Black Tommy, The English Rose, Janet, Fearful, and Zouave, 
 25 to 1 against Pretty Boy, 30 to 1 against Julia, 33 to 1 each against The Bird in the Hand 
 and Melissa, 40 to 1 each against Poodle, Turned Loose, The Courier, and Physician, 50 to 
 1 each against Vandermulin, Mr. Sykes, and Bellona, and 1000 to 15 against any other. 
 Won by a head, a dead heat for second place ; Satinstone beaten three lengths from the two. 
 
 Chester, Wednesday, May 4th, 1859— The Tradesman Plate, or Chester Cup, of 200 sovs. in 
 specie, added to a handicap sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft., and 5 only if declared on 
 or before the 1st of February ; the second received 50 sovs. out of the stakes, and the 
 winner paid 50 sovs. towards expenses of the judge, starter, etc. Cup course about two 
 mUes and a quarter (210 subscribers, 105 of whom paid 5 sovs. each). 
 
 Mr. F. Higgins' Leamington, C years, 8 St. 2 lbs 1 
 
 Sir. J. Thompson's br. c. Heme, 4 years, 6 st. 4 lbs 2 
 
 Sir L. Newman's br. f. Botany, 4 years, 5 St. 6 lbs 3 
 
 Mr. Ten Broeck's Prioress, 6 years, 7 st. 5 lbs. 4 
 
 Fisherman, 6 years, 9 st., and twenty-eight others started, but were not placed. 
 5 to 1 against Leamington, 8 to 1 against Royal Sovereign, 12 to 1 against Pole Star, 100 to 8 
 each against Master Bagot, Heme and The Brewer, 15 to 1 against Rosabel, 100 to 6 each 
 against Underhand, Pensioner and Bankrupt, 25 to 1 each against Prioress and Qneens- 
 tovm, 30 to 1 against Botany, 40 to 1 each against Satinstone, Harraton, and Wrestler, 50 to 
 1 each against Roman Candle, Cawood and Coroner, 1000 to 15 each against Lifeboat, Wil- 
 ton, Ancient Briton and Raspberry, 1000 to 10 each against Mr. Sykes, Sam Spode, Roger- 
 thorpe. Compromise, Thomhill, Rara Avis and Olympias. Won easily by two lengths, a 
 length each between the second, thii-d and fourth ; Royal Sovereign was a bad fifth. 
 
 Ascot, Tuesday, Jun3 14th, 18.59— The gold vase, given by Her Majesty, added to a sweepstakes 
 of 20 sov. each, for three-year-olds and upward ; two miles (11 subscribers). 
 
416 THE HOESE. 
 
 Mr. W. Day's b. f. Schism, by Surplice, 3 years, fi st. 13 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. F. Iliggins' Leamington, 6 years, 9 st. 5 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. J. Rigby's b. h. Tournament, 5 years, 9 st. 3 lbs. 
 Baron de Nivieres' cb. m. Miss Cath, 6 years, 7 st. 10 lbs. 
 Mr. Sutton's hi. h. Black Tommy, 5 years, 9 st. 3 lbs. 
 5 to 2 on Leamington, 6 to 1 against Tournament, 8 to 1 against Miss Cath, and 10 to 1 against 
 Schism. Won by two lengths, the same between the second and third. 
 
 Goodwood, Thursday, July 28th, 1859— The Goodwood Cup, value 300 sov., by Bubscription of 
 20 sov. each, with 100 added by the Racing-fund, the surplus (if any) to be paid in money ; 
 the second received 100 sov. ; two miles and a half (42 subscribers). 
 
 Mr. W. Day's br. c. The Promised Land, 3 years, 7 st. 7 lbs 1 
 
 Mr. Rigby's ch. c. Newcastle, 3 years, 7 st. 7 lbs 2 
 
 Mr. R. Ten Broeck's b. m. Prioress, 6 years, 8 st. 6 lbs 3 
 
 Leamington, 6 years, 9 st. 10 lbs., Toxopholite, Mademoiselle de Chantilly, North Lincoln, 
 
 Marionette, Scent, Schism, Woodbine and Union Jacket started, but were not placed. 
 3 to 1 against the Promised Land, 7 to 2 against Leamington, 4 to 1 against Prioress, 7 to 1 
 against Union Jack, 8 to 1 against Toxopholite, 100 to 8 against Marionette, 100 to 7 
 against North Lincoln, and 100 to 6 against Newcastle. Won by six lengths, a bad third; 
 North Lincoln, Scent and Schism next, beaten several lengths from the third. 
 
 Newmarket, Tuesday, October 11th, 1859— Mr. Merry's Saunterer, by Birdcatcher, 5 years, 
 received ft. from Mr. Higgins' Leamington, 6 years, 10 st. each, Beacon Course, 200 each 
 and the Whip. 
 
 SUMMAET OF LEAMINGTOn's PERFOEMANCES. 
 
 In 1855, started five times ; won two, lost three. £ s. d. 
 
 The Woodcote Stakes at Warwick 50 
 
 The Chesterfield Stakes at Derby .... ...... 140 
 
 Li 1856, started ten times ; won three, lost seven. 
 
 TheWrotterby Stakes at Wolverhampton 100 
 
 The Town Plate at Warwick 105 
 
 The Steward's Cup at Shrewsbury 200 
 
 In 1857, started five times ; won two, lost three. 
 
 The Chester Cup at Chester 2,595 
 
 The Goodwood Stakes at Goodwood 995 
 
 In 1858, started once ; lost once. 
 
 In 1859, started three times ; won once, paid forfeit once. 
 
 The Chester Cup at Chester , . . 2,645 
 
 Total wmnings £6,830 
 
 He started 24 times ; won 8, lost 16 ; paid forfeit once. 
 
 Leamington went to tlie stud in 18G0, and made the seasons 
 of 1860, '61, '62, '63, '64 and '65 at Eawcliffe Paddocks. The 
 first of his get appeared in 1 863, three of them running four 
 races. 1864 he had thirteen winners, who won thirty-three 
 races; 1865, eleven winners, who won fifteen races; 1866, four- 
 teen winners, who won twenty-seven races ; 1867, fifteen winners, 
 
IMPOKTED LEAMINGTON". 417 
 
 who won twenty-eight races; 18G8, ten winners, who won nine- 
 teen races ; and in 18G9, five winners, who won nine races. 
 
 The following comprise some of his principal winners in 
 England: Coup d'Etat, Catalogue, Procella, Tarlatan, Bella, 
 Club Queen, Hark Forward, Lady of Coverdale, Lady Sefton, 
 Lady Warwick, Leicester, Lemonade, Queen of Crystal, War- 
 wick, Boleno, Fitzroy, Fortunatus, Lady Constance, Bird of Eve, 
 Cheltenham, Cora, Foreign Stamp, Lady Eston, Rebecca, Ru- 
 perra. Variation, Cataline, Esmeralda, Reltub, Scipio, Thankful, 
 Avon, Belle of Warwick, Citron, Haymaker, Miss Theo, and 
 Percussion. 
 
 Mr. E. W. Cameron, of Clifton Stud Farm, purchased Lea- 
 mington after the season of 1865, from the Eawcliffe Company, 
 for £1,575 pounds, and had him brought over the same season 
 in the steamship Cella, from London. He made his first season 
 in Kentucky, at the Bosque Bonita Stud Farm of General A. 
 Buford, at $200. After the season in Kentucky, he was brought 
 north, and stood the seasons '67, '68 and '69 at Clifton Stud 
 Farm, Richmond county, N. Y. The fall of 1869 Mr. Cam- 
 eron sold him to Mr. A. Welch, Chestnut Hills, Philadelphia. 
 He made the present season of 1870 in Mr. Welch's name at 
 Patterson, K Y. While the property of Mr. Cameron, he was 
 limited to twenty-five mares, but in no season since his arrival 
 in this country has he served that number. During the past 
 season we learn that he has not served more than five thorough- 
 bred mares. He made the season of 1866 at $200, '67 and '68 
 at $300, '69 at $250, and the past season of 1870 at $200. 
 
 We doubt whether any horse ever imported to America has 
 sired such a list of winners from a first season as Leamington, 
 out of the same number of mares. Everything by him that has 
 been tried can race. From his season in Kentucky we have 
 Enquirer, Lynchburg, Littleton, Longfellow, Miss Alice and 
 Anna Mace. We look upon Enquirer as one of the best three- 
 year-olds ever foaled in this country, and while we write, the 
 telegraph flashes the success of Littleton and Longfellow, two 
 noble sons, at Lexington, Kentucky. It seems a pity to keej) 
 so valuable a horse in this region, where he is so poorly 
 patronized. He should be removed to Kentucky or Tennes- 
 see, where the success of Enquirer, Littleton and Longfellow 
 Vol. L— 27 
 
418 THE HORSE. 
 
 would secure patronage worthy of the horse and his breeding. 
 "We had occasion to commend tliis horse in the very highest 
 manner as early as 1860, five years before his importation, and 
 before his reputation as a stallion was even made in England. 
 From his extraordinary qualities as a horse, crossed upon Lex- 
 ington mares, we firmly believe that his produce will make a 
 new era in the American turf, both in time, quality and useful- 
 ness of the blood horse. 
 
COMPAEATIYE ESTIMATE 
 
 SPEED, BOTTOM, POWERS AND V.\LUE OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN 
 RACERS, IN THE PRESENT AND PAST CENTURY. 
 
 Theee has been now, for several years, a general if not preva- 
 lent opinion, sustained by many persons, not merely lauda- 
 tores temporis acti — arguing, however, on theory rather than on 
 experience, and founding their arguments on facts, in them- 
 selves questionable, and assumed on little more than mere ru- 
 mor — that the modern race-horse has degenerated, both in speed 
 and stoutness, from his renowned English ancestry ; and sec- 
 ondly, that the tendency of modern breeding — or as, at least, 
 one writer terms it, too thorough breeding — ^lias been to en- 
 courage speed at the expense of bottom, and so to detract detri- 
 mentally from the stanchness and endurance of the modern 
 race-horse ; and, lastly, that by tlie system of training young, 
 and running short courses, tlie English race-horse has fallen be- 
 hind its American descendant in the ability to run long dis- 
 tances. 
 
 The first of these assumptions, that the race-horse of the 
 nineteenth century, whether English or American, has degen- 
 erated from the famous worthies of the eighteenth, and if so, 
 whether young training and short racing are the causes of such 
 degeneracy, are matters well worthy of consideration. 
 
 Tliat of the comparative qualities of the English and Ameri- 
 can race-horse, is less so, and only so at all, inasmuch as it is 
 connected with the different systems of training and running 
 
420 THE nOKSE. 
 
 adopted in the two countries. Tliis question, moreover, can 
 hardly be tested satisfactorily, so different are all the conditions 
 of the turf here and there, as regards "weight, distance, and me- 
 thod of riding, and so imperfectly understood, even now, is the 
 influence of weight, on the same horse, as against time — timing 
 itself being still but little practised, and until lately wholly dis- 
 used and uncomprehended as a test, on British race-courses. 
 
 The general assumption of degeneracy rests mainly on the 
 stories — "•wonderful tales," as " Cecil" justly calls them, which 
 have been related concerning Flying Childers and Eclipse, of 
 both which undeniably good and unbeaten horses it is com- 
 monly asserted and as commonly believed, that they ran a mile 
 in a minute, there being not a shadow of evidence to the point, 
 but directly the reverse, and it being all but demonstrable that 
 the feat is a physical impossibility. 
 
 " These wonderful tales," — I proceed to quote at length from 
 " Cecil," who has gone deeply into this subject, and, to my idea, 
 entirely disposed of the question, — " like the snowball, have in- 
 creased in their progress ; therefore a brief digression is neces- 
 sary to unfold these romantic conceptions. It is related that he 
 gave Fox twelve pounds over the Beacon Course, and beat him 
 a quarter of a mile in a trial. Every racing man would natu- 
 rally inquire if Fox could not have got nearer at the end, and few 
 indeed would place much reliance on trials without substantial 
 evidence to corroborate reports. It is also said, that he ran a trial 
 against Almanzor and Brown Betty, nine stone two each," aliter, 
 he carrying 9 stone 21bs., they, 8 £«'one 21bs., each — over the 
 Hound Course at ISTewmarket, three miles, six furlongs, and ninety- 
 three yards, which distance, according to many accounts in 
 print, " he ran in 6m, 40s." — aliter 6m. 42s. — " to perform 
 which," it is farther absurdly stated, " he must have moved at 
 the rate of eighty-two and a half feet in a second of time, or 
 nearly at the rate of one mile in a niinuteP The inaccuracy of 
 this is patent. If a horse moved at the rate described he would 
 get over the ground in a trifle less than four minutes and a half. 
 Ko horse that ever was foaled ever w^ent at the pace spoken of. 
 The rate of fifty feet in a second is very great, and more than 
 the average pace required to run the distance of the Beacon 
 Course, four miles one furlong and one hundred and thirty-eight 
 
ECLIPSE AND CHILDEES. 421 
 
 yards, in seven minutes and a lialf, wliich Childers is also re- 
 ported to have done. To prove still farther, if it "were needed, 
 the utter absurdity of the mile in a minute, or eighty-two feet 
 and a half in a second, story, it only need be stated that twenty- 
 three feet is the full average stride of the best horses at speed, 
 and consequently, that to cover eighty-two and a half feet in a 
 second, the horse must gather and extend itself within a fraction 
 of four times, a physical impossibility, in a second. 
 
 "After all the high-flown panegyrics," continues Cecil, 
 " concerning the racing exploits of this horse in public — the 
 only trials worthy of credence — they were confined to the win- 
 ning two matches, for the first of which at six years old, carry- 
 ing 8 stone 5 lbs. each — 119 lbs. — he beat Speedwell, a gelding of 
 equivocal celebrity. The distance was four miles. For the 
 second, when seven years old, he beat Chanter, twelve years 
 old, six miles. He was engaged in three other matches, for 
 which he received forfeit." Xo time, it is observable, is on rec- 
 ord as to his public running; a circumstance, which, to say 
 the least, throws a doubt on that related to have been made on 
 his trials. 
 
 Granting, however, that the timing of Childers' race over 
 the Beacon, 4m. Ifg. 138 yds., or in other words four miles, 
 358 yards, is correctly stated at 7m. 30s., by deducting the ex- 
 cess of 358 yards, we find, by the simple rule of three, that he 
 would have done his four miles in Tm. 19s., or within a fraction 
 of the same time it took Lexington to run his four miles against 
 time, in public, and bets paid, which established the time. I 
 do not find the weight carried by Childers in this trial to have 
 been recorded, but taking it to have been the same as that with 
 which he ran over the Round Course, viz., 8 stone 5 lbs. or 
 119 lbs., and his age to have been six years, the time is not in 
 excess of Lexington's race, even at Southern low weights. 
 
 Firetail is said to have run a mile in 1772 in one minute and 
 four seconds, but there is no authentic record of races kept of 
 this date, and the fact may safely be denied, on the grounds 
 above shown, in regard to physical impossibility. 
 
 Concerning Eclipse's real powers, no correct estimate can 
 possibly be formed, nor was formed at the time, since, tliongh 
 he ran against all the best horses of his day, and always beat 
 
432 THE HORSE. 
 
 them with ease carrying enormous weights — ^he won ten king's 
 plates with twelve stone, or 168 lbs. on his back — he was never 
 put to his speed, nor was his time ever kept. 
 
 He was undoubtedly a marvellous animal, both as a racer 
 and in the stud, having begot one hundred and thirty winners, 
 who brought their owners more than £160,000 exclusive of cups, 
 and that, it must be remembered, at a time when great races 
 were few, and the vast prizes of the present day unknown. 
 
 In December, 1Y86, Mr. Hull's Quibbler ran twenty-three 
 miles round the flat, at Kewmarket, in fifty-seven minutes. It 
 does not clearly appear whether this is to be understood as be- 
 ing a straight race, without an intermission, or as an aggregate 
 of heats ; probably, however, it refers to a single unbroken ef- 
 fort. 
 
 If it were done, at heats, the speed would be nothing re- 
 markable, nor the stoutness. 
 
 Twelve miles were made by Henry and Eclipse in 1823, in 
 an aggregate of three heats, in 23m. 50|s. over the Union Course ; 
 and twenty miles, in an aggregate of five heats, by Black Maria, 
 beating Lady Belief, Trifle and Slim, in 41m. 40s. 
 
 Considered as a single gallop, it was highly creditable, but 
 when we have seen twenty miles trotted within the hour, we 
 cannot regard it as so extraordinary, nor can we doubt that it 
 could be easily beat, at the present day, by any one of a dozen 
 race-horses on the American or English Turf. 
 
 Tims far, therefore, there are no grounds whatever for be- 
 lieving that the modern race-horse has in any sense degener- 
 ated from the worthies of the turf of the olden time, even if 
 we admit, as satisfactorily established — which we are, however, 
 far from doing — the remarkable trials, above cited, disallowing 
 of course the fabulous myths, which have only obtained with 
 the vulgar, and never had the smallest credit with racing men, 
 or others really acquainted with the powers of the horse, of 
 miles run in a minute and the like. 
 
 Supposing Childers to have, in fact, run the Beacon Course 
 in the time stated, or at the rate of four miles in 7m. 19s., and 
 the Round Course in 6m. 42. — which would be at the rate of 
 four miles, in about 7m. 5s. — although the speed would be ex- 
 traordinary, I may say marvellous, even at the extremely low 
 
WEIGHT AND TIME. 423 
 
 weight of 119 lbs. for a six-jear-old, which is a pound more than 
 Southern weight — the perfect facility with which he and his 
 successor Eclipse ran away from every thing that encountered 
 them, demonstrates, that their superiority to all horses of their 
 own day, was as great or greater than it would be to our racers 
 of 1856. 
 
 But as I have said before, there is no evidence of this speed, 
 as described, even of these phenomena ; much less any pretence, 
 that such speed was common to all horses of the day. Far from 
 it. A writer in the London old Sporting Mag., in 1840, in an ar- 
 ticle republished in "VVm. T. Porter's American Turf Register, 
 Yol. XL p. 326, and written avowedly to prove that Eclipse and 
 Flying Childers were the best horses that ever went " on four pas- 
 terns," asserts that were the latter alive now he would " easily beat 
 the best racers of the present day, a quarter of a mile in a four- 
 mile race," founding this assumption on a fact, or what he asserts 
 to be a fact, tliat the Beacon Course has never, since, been run in 
 shorter time, than it was by Hambletonian and Diamond, in 
 1799 ; or the Round Com*se in better, than by Alonzo and Or- 
 ville, in 1802. And these second best time races he sets re- 
 spectively at 45, and 32s., worse, than those of Childers as stated 
 above. 
 
 But adding 45s. to Tm. 19s., the rate at which Childers is 
 said to have run four miles over the Beacon track, and we get 
 8m. 4s. for the time of Hambletonian and Diamond ; and add- 
 ing 32s. to 7m. 5s. — the rate at which the Round Course would 
 have been done, if protracted to four miles, according to the 
 time in which he is stated to have run over it, against Alman- 
 zor and Brown Betty, we get 7m. 37s., as the time of Alonzo 
 and Orville. 
 
 These were, moreover, both single dashes, not heat races, 
 and, therefore, do not tell so decisively. 
 
 It is unnecessary to say to American sjjortsmen, that the 
 time of the first race, 8m. 4s., for a first heat, is simply no time 
 at all, nor has been so considered, in the United States, for the 
 last thirty years ; and that 7m. 37^s., though it was thought 
 great, in 1823, when done by Henry, has now fallen altogether 
 into the shade, in 1856. 
 
 In considering this point, I have of course drawn my com- 
 
424 THE IIOESE, 
 
 parisons between the races of tliose old celebrities, and tlie sim- 
 ilar races of American horses of the present day, because, through 
 the altered mode of public running lately adopted in England, 
 stoutness and bottom being there tested by heavy weights and 
 shorter distances, run nearly at the score from end to end, it is 
 impossible to measure them directly against the present win- 
 ners of English stakes. 
 
 I do not wish to enter invidiously into any question of su- 
 periority or inferiority between English and American horses. 
 If there be,,any advantage, it arises — can arise— only from the 
 influences of climate and the different modes of training, &c., 
 the blood being, as I have shown, identical. 
 
 But I must — in order to show, what I believe to be true, 
 that the English no more than the American racer, of 1800, has 
 fallen below his ancestry, of 1700, in the ability to endure, and 
 to run long and repeated races, if it were required of him — en- 
 deavor to sliow briefly, wherefore I do not yield the palm of 
 bottom in running distances, any more than in carrying weight, 
 or in speed, to the improved modern race-horse of the United 
 States over the improved modern racer of England. 
 
 In the first place, if the racing field no longer show blood- 
 horses under the same conditions of long distances, and those 
 repeated at intervals, the hunting field which, in fast countries, 
 is supplied altogether by thoroughbreds, since no others can go 
 the pace, or go the distance, with welter weights on their backs, 
 across fences and through dirt and clay often hock-deep — does 
 exhibit such horses, under precisely such conditions, in even 
 greater numbers and with more even results, than ever did four, 
 or even six-mile heat races, on either side the Atlantic. A 
 thoroughbred, which will carry 15 stone, or 210 lbs, through 
 two bursts of six or seven miles each — with an interval of an 
 hour between them, not devoted to rubbing down, drying off*, 
 and recruiting, but to crossing the country slowly, w^hile the 
 hounds are drawing — respectively in 25 and 30 minutes, taking 
 perhaps a hundred rasping fences, or large brooks in the course 
 of each burst, and going over every sort of bad and broken 
 ground, often hock-deep in greasy ploughland, or fetlock-deep 
 in what is worse, sticky turf, would, one might say, have little 
 difiiculty in running over a sound hard course, with less than 
 
osbaldeston's match. 435 
 
 half the weight on his back, double the distance, in half the time 
 named or even -nder half, if there be any semblance of truth in 
 the modern theory of weight, and its influence on speed. Ac- 
 cording to the old dictum, that seven pounds is equal to a dis- 
 tance of 120 yards, in a four-mile race, as between equal horses, 
 ninety-two pounds, or the difference between 15 stone and 
 118 lbs., Southern six-year-old weight, would be equal to at 
 least one mile in four, if both animals were ridden over the 
 same course, or the same country. 
 
 The training, moreover, of thoroughbreds for the hunting- 
 field is exceedingly similar, in all respects, to that of racers for 
 four-mile heats ; except that, probably, the former are com- 
 monly somewhat higher in flesh ; though I think I have seen 
 horses start, on the Union Course, quite as full of flesh as I have 
 ever seen a thoroughbred hunter in ISTorthampton or Leicester- 
 shire. 
 
 What is true of the hunter, is no less, but far more, true of 
 the steeple chaser, who is invariably thoroughbred — if he be 
 not, he has not a chance of being any where — and who is put 
 carrying heavy man-weight, to perform the severest, most tiy- 
 ing, most exhausting and cruellest exertions, for which horse- 
 flesh can be called upon. 
 
 In proof of what I have here put forward, we will cast a 
 glance at the most remarkable match against time that has been 
 ridden within the memory of man, I mean that of Osbaldeston, 
 to ride two hundred miles, within ten hours, over the Newmar- 
 ket Round course, in 1831 — a feat which he performed in 7h. 
 19m. 4s. — or adding Ih. 22m. 56s. for stoppages, in 8h. 42m. 
 
 In this match Mr. Osbaldeston weighed 11 stone, or 
 154 lbs. — it is not clearly stated whether this is net weight, or 
 includes his saddle — and rode twenty-eight horses — all of them, 
 of course, thoroughbreds, though not one of any previous celeb- 
 rity, or standing on the turf as racers of reputation, dividing 
 the distance into four-mile heats, for his own convenience and 
 the facility of changing. 
 
 Nineteen of the twenty-eight he rode more than once. Six- 
 teen performed two heats each, and averaged their four miles 
 in 8m. 30s., with an infinitesimal fraction, two of them falling 
 lame, and the weather being extremely bad throughout, and 
 
436 THE HOKSE. 
 
 against speed. Considering all things, the weight they carried, 
 and the fact that none of them were above third or fourth- rate 
 horses, the average is creditable, and looks little like degeneracy. 
 
 If third and fourth-rates can average 8m. 30s., with 154 lbs. 
 on their backs, what would first-rates, such as Plenipotentiary, 
 Harkaway, Euphrates, Venison, Catherina, Beeswing, Alice 
 Hawthorn, Surplice, Flying Dutchman, and such cracks, have 
 done with 99 lbs., the weight they would have carried, on the 
 Northern courses, at their ages ? Something, to reason only by 
 the fairest analogy, not very easy to be beaten, as a child might 
 answer. One, Skirmisher, he rode three heats, making bad time 
 enough, averaging only 9m. 3s., but it should be observed, that 
 he was the last horse ridden when the match was won, and 
 the rider, beside that he had no occasion to hurry, in all proba- 
 bility pretty well tired. 
 
 The hero of the day, however, was Tranby, by Blacklock, 
 who performed four heats, in the following gallant style : — 
 First, 8.10 ; second, 8 ; third, 8.19 ; fourth, 8.50. Total of six- 
 teen miles, under 154 lbs., 33.19 ; which was, and justly was, 
 considered prodigious proof of bottom and courage. * 
 
 Tranby was subsequently imported to America, solely on 
 account of his performance in this very match, as being consid- 
 ered precisely the horse to get four-milers. He proved, how- 
 ever, a source of disappointment, for few of his stock did any 
 thing of consequence, and none proved superior. The same 
 thing has occurred with other celebrated horses, as has been 
 instanced before, in the cases of Catton in England, and Chateau 
 Margaux in this country, neither of which produced descend- 
 ants worthy of their great renown. Chateau, however, had 
 served two hundred mares in a single season, before his impor- 
 tation, and I doubt not that his vigor was affected by this ille- 
 gitimate excess. ' 
 
 "We will now view this subject in another light, which, I 
 think, confutes yet more conclusively the idea alluded to above, 
 and which " Cecil," from whom I quote the following, puts with 
 great plausibility and force. He is writing of the year 1852 : — 
 
 " According to the racing Calendar, and other periodicals, 
 there are one hundred and seven stallions. Some of these 
 ought not to be used in the stud, because the}^ are possessed of 
 
 * See Note * on page 443. 
 
PKOGKESS m BREEDING. 
 
 427 
 
 infirmities likely to be inherited by tlieir progeny ; but tlieir 
 number is not so great as might be imagined, and to individual- 
 ize them would be impolitic. It must be understood, there are 
 many other stallions, in all probability more than a similar 
 number, of inferior character, whose services are confined to 
 rural districts, where they are patronized by farmers, which are 
 not included in this estimate, numbers of which would not pass 
 muster with breeders of race-horses, and ought not to be al- 
 lowed to perpetuate their species among any classes ; but tliey 
 are seldom advertised beyond their respective localities, and are 
 still more rarely the progenitors of thoroughbred stock. From 
 the number of stallions already enumerated, about half the 
 foals of the year are the ofispring of thirty sires, favorites on 
 account of their superior lineage, their successful performances 
 on the turf, or honorable distinction in the stud. 
 
 " The following table supports proof of the progress made 
 in the speculation of breeding, by giving the number of races 
 won by the stock of fourteen horses of celebrity, in the years 
 1825 and 1852," the interval being a trifle more than a quarter 
 of a century. 
 
 1S25. 
 
 Comus, 21 
 
 FilhodaPuta, . . . .17 
 
 Phantom, 17 
 
 Ardrossan, 13 
 
 Catton, 12 
 
 Rubens 12 
 
 Whalebone, 12 
 
 Whisker, 10 
 
 Blacklock 9 
 
 Bourbon, 9 
 
 Partisan, 9 
 
 Soothsayer, 9 
 
 Walton, 9 
 
 Octavian, 9 
 
 168 
 
 1852. 
 Lanercost, . . . . .35 
 
 Birdcatcher, 29 
 
 Touchstone, 26 
 
 Venison, 20 
 
 Cotherstone, 17 
 
 Faugh a Ballagh, . . . .15 
 
 Orlando, 13 
 
 Slane, 13 
 
 Don John, 12 
 
 Bay Middleton, .... 12 
 
 Epirus, 11 
 
 Pantaloon, . . . - .10 
 
 Melbourne, 10 
 
 Alarm, 9 
 
 232 
 
 "Thus we find, that in the former years there were 168, and 
 in the latter 232 winners, the progeny of an equal number of 
 horses. Surely this afl'ords an argument in favor of the stout- 
 aess and constitution of horses of modern days." 
 
428 THE HOESE. 
 
 It is not easy in the United States to obtain full statistics of 
 tliis nature, owing to the vast extent of territory over which 
 the race-meetings are scattered, that extent yearly increasing, 
 and the great number of courses and Jockey Clubs existing, 
 all independent each of the other, which render it a work of 
 endless toil to hunt np the numbers of winners got by any par- 
 ticuhar stallion, or number of stallions ; I have been so fortu- 
 nate, Jiowever, as to fall ujDon the following facts concerning 
 Medoc, a horse of very fair and honest, though not first-rate, 
 running reputation in this country, in 1833, and shall presently 
 proceed to give similar statements concerning others of our 
 most distinguished stallions. 
 
 Medoc begot, in the three years 1838, '39 and '40, respec- 
 tively, 18, 48, and 49 winners, at all distances, from one to four- 
 mile heats, and in the latter year thirty-three of his get won 64 
 races, ran 30G miles, and won $26,000. 
 
 But to return to " Cecil's " observations on the comparative 
 stoutness of ancient and modern English racers. — " In the 
 first portion," he proceeds, " of these remarks, it was mentioned 
 that an opinion has been promulgated with much industry, and 
 supported with equivalent zeal, that our horses have degen- 
 erated, compared with those of our ancestors, in stoutness or 
 endurance in running a distance ; that they are incapable of 
 bearing fatigue ; that tliey are deficient in constitutional stam- 
 ina, the ability to carry weight, and that they are subject to 
 hereditary diseases, especially roaring. In evidence of these 
 arguments, the performances of two horses, worthies of ancient 
 date, the one called Black Chance, the other the Carlisle Geld- 
 ing, have been extolled in the warmest terms. To arrive at 
 correct conclusions, the most satisfactory course will be that of 
 making comparisons, from indisputable data, between the per- 
 formances of the horses said to have possessed superiority over 
 their descendants. The mere declaration of opinion, unaccom- 
 panied by proof, is not suflicient on this occasion. For the 
 sake of brevity, and to render each item capable of ready com- 
 parison, a tabular form is chosen, in which the performances of 
 the most celebrated horses of the early part of the eighteenth 
 century, are placed in juxtaposition wdth an equal number of 
 more recent date. The selection of the Carhsle Gelding and 
 
SUPEEIOKITT OF MODERN RACERS. 
 
 429 
 
 Black Chance is suggested, in consequence of their having been 
 brought forward as specimens of superiority over any horses of 
 the modern days." 
 
 It will be seen by the table alluded to, and here subjoined, 
 that the five modern horses have in every respect the advan- 
 tage. They began to train from two to four years younger ; 
 they ran more races, and more miles, and — with one exception — 
 they saw more years service on the turf, than the worthies of 
 the olden time. 
 
 This, added to the above record of stock, ought to settle the 
 question. 
 
 
 to 
 
 a « 
 
 o 
 
 -►J 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 3 
 
 B ^ 
 
 m a 
 
 o a 
 
 
 1 
 
 O 3 
 
 "a 
 
 to 
 
 g 
 
 1' 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 a 3 
 
 Carlisle Gelding... 
 
 Cinderwench 
 
 Black Chance 
 
 Arthur O'Bradley. 
 
 5 
 
 unk'wn 
 5 
 5 
 6 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 25 
 13 
 25 
 15 
 4 
 
 42 
 46 
 40 
 16 
 79 
 
 9 
 9 
 5 
 10 
 6 
 
 57 
 35 
 44 
 5 
 98 
 
 34 
 
 22 
 30 
 25 
 10 
 
 99 
 81 
 84 
 21 
 177 
 
 160 
 
 98 
 172 
 112 
 
 36 
 
 1531 
 140^ 
 
 96 
 
 51 
 300 
 
 68 
 94 
 
 40 
 72 
 38 
 
 1544- 
 91f 
 
 u 
 
 283 
 
 228 
 192 
 212 
 184 
 
 74 
 
 308i 
 232 
 185i 
 60i 
 583 
 
 13* 
 5 
 
 lot 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 10 
 11 
 10 
 3 
 10 
 
 1731 
 1735 
 1746 
 1749 
 
 1749 
 
 1828 
 1834 
 1835 
 1837 
 1841 
 
 Euphrates 
 
 Liston 
 
 Independence 
 
 Venison 
 
 Catherina 
 
 
 "Persons who are conversant with racing are well aware 
 that it is impossible to form decided opinions concerning the 
 Buperiority of horses, without running them in public, or trying 
 them in private, Avith the most scruj)ulous exactness. As it is 
 impossible to form positive opinions of contemporaneous horses 
 till they have been tried, it would be ridiculous to hazard 
 an opinion on the merits of horses in a race of any given dis- 
 tance of the early part of the last century, as compared with 
 those of modern days, unless there appeared to be a vast dis- 
 parity between them. Considering the points at issue, there is 
 no difficulty in deciding on the majority of those qualities, 
 tvhich give evidence of stoutness, endurance, constitutional 
 
 * Did not run in the years 1720, 1725, or 1726. 
 f Did not run in 1743. 
 
430 THE HORSE. 
 
 stamina, and capability of bearing fatigue. As to hereditary 
 diseases, we have no data whatever upon which any opinion 
 can be formed. The arguments which have been brought for- 
 ward in favor of horses of olden times, with the Carlisle Geld- 
 ing, and Black Chance, as examples, require some little detail 
 to confute. It has been asserted that ' the former had no rival 
 in carrying all degrees of weights, in supporting heats, travel- 
 ling, and constant running, and this maintained to an age sel- 
 dom heard of.' In searching the calendars, for the purpose of 
 forming tables of performances, it was found that this horse ran 
 on several occasions for selling stakes, at prices varying from 
 eighty to twenty sovereigns — his value, therefore, was not high- 
 ly estimated. Many persons imagine selling stakes are modern 
 inventions, but they were in effect in the early part of the last 
 century. On four occasions only this horse carried twelve 
 stone — 168 lbs. In a general way he carried light weights, 
 varying from eight stone five to nine stone — 117 to 126 lbs. 
 Thirteen of his engagements were matches, and all racing-men 
 know full well that winning matches depends more on the judg- 
 ment of the match-maker, than the intrinsic goodness of the 
 horse. An animal that has been often beaten, cannot with pro- 
 priety be aggrandized by the title of ' unrivalled.' 
 
 " The eulogist of the Carlisle Gelding has been equally 
 ardent in admiration of Black Chance, concerning whom he 
 falls into great discrepancies, which, however, it is not worth 
 while to enumerate, with the exception of one mistake. Among 
 other races won in 17-40, is included one at Oswestry, where he 
 is stated to have carried thirteen stone — 182 lbs. There is no 
 record in the Racing Calendar of his ever carrying more than 
 twelve stone. He more frequently ran with ten, and sometimes 
 with only nine. 
 
 " ' Arthur O'Bradley,' says Mr. ^. H. Smith in his well 
 known ' Observations on Breeding for the Turf,' ' won as many 
 plates as almost any other horse ever did, at both high and low 
 weights, and may be justly said to be the best horse of his 
 time.' He is, therefore, a fit subject for comparison. "When 
 his performances are placed against those of Euphrates, Liston, 
 and Independence, they fall into the shade. Babraham is in- 
 troduced more in consequence of his subsequent worth in the 
 
VENISON, 431 
 
 stud, than for liis performances on the turf ; in the former ca- 
 pacity he was far distinguished above the average of his con- 
 temporaries. This also serves as an example, of which there are 
 many modern instances, that a horse having won a great num- 
 ber of races is not invariably the most successful in his pro- 
 geny ; a horse that has won a moderate number of races, 
 beating known good ones, is generally the most eligible to breed 
 from. It is very generally considered that training horses to 
 run at so early an age as two or even three years old, must be 
 injurious to them ; that their joints and sinews wanting maturi- 
 ty, must suffer and give way, consequently their racing career 
 must be abbreviated. The means nowadays adopted \vith 
 foals, from their infancy, are calculated very essentially to ob- 
 viate the effects of early training ; the kind of food with whicli 
 they, and also their dams are supplied, has the effect of produ- 
 cing early development, added to the almost imperceptible 
 gi-adations of exercise which they are required to perform ; 
 these are subjects, which were unknown to our forefathers, but 
 they will be more fully discussed hereafter. The impression 
 that this custom shortens the term of a horse's racing career, 
 will lose ground on reference to the table already given, which 
 shows that out of five horses of modern times three commenced 
 their running at two years old, and the others at three. 
 
 " Their continuance on the turf, fully equals that of their 
 ancestors, with the exception of Yenison, whose three-year-old 
 performances were so superlatively excellent as to render him 
 worthy of especial notice. At that age he won twelve races, 
 many of them at long distances, including five king's plates. 
 Vans and railways not being in vogue, he travelled on foot 900 
 miles in the course of the year to perform his engagements. 
 He ran third to Bay Middleton and Gladiator for the Derby, 
 and I perfectly remember the remark made by his trainer, Mr. 
 John Day, on the morning previous to the race. ' I have a good 
 horse,' said he, ' and it must be a very good one to beat him.' 
 Although Bay Middleton proved himself a better horse on that 
 occasion, the subsequent running of Venison, thoroughly justified 
 the estimate his trainer liad formed of him. In the stud he 
 attained still greater eminence, being the sire of Alarm, Cari- 
 boo, the Ugly Buck, Vatican, Buckthorn, Kingston, Joe Miller, 
 
432 THE HORSE. 
 
 Ticton, besides many otliers of good repute. In his running he 
 evinced tlie most indomitable stoutness and soundness of consti- 
 tution ; inestimable qualities, which he transmitted to his stock. 
 He died when rising twenty years old, in December, 1852. 
 
 " Regulus is worthy to be mentioned as a horse of great re- 
 pute in his time. At six years old he commenced by winning 
 a plate of £50. In the same year he won six king's plates, and 
 w^alked over for another ; when seven years old, he again won 
 a king's plate, which finished his career on the turf. But the 
 career of Yenison must be esteemed more brilliant, especially 
 if his age be taken into consideration. Like Babraham, Eegu- 
 lus was the progenitor of many valuable horses, and his blood 
 is to be found in many studs of the present day. This affords 
 another illustration of the remark recently made, ' that a horse 
 having won a great number of races is not invariably the most 
 successful in his progeny.' " 
 
 Tlie remarks, which follow on Euphrates, Liston, and Inde- 
 pendence, in the admirable little volume from which I have 
 (pioted, though full of information and practical knowledge and 
 utility to the breeder of racing stock, are not of sufiicient in- 
 terest in this point of the question to render it advisable to ex- 
 tract them ; not so those concerning Catherina, and the conclu- 
 sions which are drawn from the facts adduced ; for all these are 
 invaluable, and as I have said, to my mind most conclusive, as 
 to the superiority of the modern race-horse, not merely as a 
 racer, both for speed, stoutness, and endurance both of weight 
 and distance, but as to his capability of getting hunters, carriage- 
 horses, cavalry-chargers ; animals, indeed, of every quality, ex- 
 cept that needed for the heaviest draught, immeasurably supe- 
 rior, in all points of blood, courage and service, either to his 
 own immediate ancestors, or to their common progenitor, the 
 Oriental horse, whether Turk, Barb, or Arab proper. 
 
 "Although last on the list, Catherina stands prominently 
 conspicuous for her performances. When the ability to carry 
 weight is brought forward, this good, honest creature must be 
 introduced as a worthy example. She ran and won, on many 
 occasions, with twelve stone — 1G8 lbs. — on her back, and de- 
 feated Confederate at York, each carrying fourteen stone — 196 
 lbs. ; and, Confederate having previously gained distinction at 
 
CATHERINA. 433 
 
 liigli -weights, Catherina's victory was not a vague honor of 
 beating a competitor of unknown merit." 
 
 It is a matter greatly to be regretted, that the distance at 
 which this prodigious weight was carried in victoriously by a 
 race-horse, and the time in which the feat was performed, is not 
 given,-'' It is not in my power to supply either deficiency. The 
 latter, probably, cannot be supplied ; as, except in extraor- 
 dinary cases, and then generally by American sportsmen, who 
 chance to be present on the courses, time is rarely taken — or so 
 taken, as to be relied on for its correctness — in English races. 
 
 This and the irregular length of the principal races, as the 
 Leger, Derby, T. Y. C, Beacon Course, Round Course, Good- 
 wood-cup and Drawing-room Stakes Courses, none of which 
 consist of a certain number of full miles, but of miles and 
 fractional parts of a mile, render all comparison between the 
 merits of English and American horses difficult and embarrass- 
 ing, if not impossible. 
 
 " It seldom happens," Cecil proceeds, " that a mare which 
 has been kept in training many years, however superior her 
 performances, has conferred the same high character on her pro- 
 duce, and as yet Catherina is not an exception. Alecto, her 
 dam, was a tolerably good mare, but by no means first-rate. 
 She was sold at four years old by Mr. Houldsworth, who bred 
 her, and her subsequent owner confined her engagements princi- 
 pally to running for country plates, very much in fashion at the 
 time ; she won several of them, but never betit horses of high 
 repute. She ran frequently, in 1827, when in foal, and the 
 result was a colt by Banker, which was never trained. In 1829 
 she missed to Whisker, and the following year gave birth to Ca- 
 therina. This circumstance is somewhat remarkable, for it very 
 rarely occurs that mares having been trained and raced so se- 
 verely ever produce foals, until they have enjoyed at least five 
 or six years repose ; it confirms the assertion, that there are no 
 positive rules for the guidance of breeders. The list of horses 
 which have gained celebrity, by very frequent running, may 
 be brought forward to the present day with good effect, and, with 
 the exception of Catherina, their performances are equal to those 
 already noticed. Clothworker, Rataplan, Virago, cum multis 
 aliis^'' in which distinguished position I shall take it on myself 
 * In the Racing Calendar for 1836, this race is given, and stated to be two mOea. 
 
 Vol. I.— 28 
 
434 THE HOUSE. 
 
 to include BecBwing and Alice Hawthorn, " claim distinguished 
 position on the scroll of fame.* When comparing the j^erform- 
 ances of race-horses, it is not customary to compute the aggre- 
 gate distances which thej may run in their various races, and 
 with contemporaries contending for races, for which the distances 
 are nearly equal, it would afford no criterion ; but in this case 
 it is a different affair. The object is to determine whether tlie 
 allegation is well founded, that the horses of the olden time were 
 superior to those of the present day in point of stoutness, sound- 
 ness, and constitutional stamina, and the ability to endure fre- 
 quent running. A reference to the table of performances al- 
 ready given sets that question at rest. The total number of 
 races won by horses of modern times is also greatly in excess, and 
 taking these two circumstances into consideration, the palm of 
 merit for soundness, capability for frequent running, and stout- 
 ness, must be awarded to them. Every owner of race-horses 
 and every tr^amer knows full well^ that frequently running 
 mode/rate distances tries the legs, and detects infirmities more un- 
 equivocally, than occasionally rxiniiing long distances. It is a 
 very general remark, that the old-fashioned distances of four 
 miles have been reduced. That is true ; but they have not all 
 been so materially shortened as not to afford good horses op- 
 portunities for distinction. It cannot be denied but that there 
 are a vast number of races at short distances, yet there are also 
 many two miles and upwards, and many three miles. The vic- 
 tories of the best horses of the present day are most decisive at 
 long distances, and they in turn passing from the course to the 
 stud, still maintain their position as favorites. Two miles will 
 determine the lasting powers of a horse, if the pace be true from 
 end to end. It has been clearly proved that the horses of mod- 
 ern times are superior to those of our forefathers on the points 
 already named ; but whether our best racers could beat Flying 
 Childers, Regulus, Eclipse, Highflyer, and other worthies of 
 that time, is a question that cannot be decided ; neither does it 
 appear very important for practical purposes. On the capability 
 of horses running distances, there are some mistaken notions 
 touching the customs of our forefathers, and from the fact of 
 their races in general being four miles, it is conceived that their 
 horses were more capable of running those distances, than those 
 
 * Fishermau and Caller On might be added to the above with great propriety. 
 
INFEEIORITY OF THE OLD EACEES. 435 
 
 we now possess. It is an inference, but nothing more. When 
 their horses ran their four-mile heats, they did not on all occa- 
 sions go their best pace throughout ; and it may be doubted 
 whether the majority of the races which were run, in 1754, were 
 so well calculated to try the lasting powers of horses, as many 
 of the races which took place in 1854." 
 
 Thus far " Cecil," and thus far conclusively. I, however, 
 aspire to go farther, and contend, that — although it be not sus- 
 ceptible of mathematical demonstration that Eclipse, Flying 
 Childers, Regulus, Highflyer and others were not faster than 
 the best modern horses — there is no earthly reason for suppos- 
 ing that they were so, but rather the reverse. Dismissing, as 
 the merest vulgar fables, the mile-in-a-minute stories, I have 
 already shown that the other recorded time-trials of Flying 
 Childers, even if granted to be true, are not so marvellous or so 
 far beyond the reach of modern racers, as seems generally to be 
 held. 
 
 But these were only secret trials, and reliance cannot be placed 
 upon them. In fact, it is exceedingly doubtful to me, whether in 
 the days of Flying Childers, there were watches in existence by 
 which seconds could be stopped and counted with accuracy. At 
 all events, it is clear that the whole reputation of these so-styled 
 phenomena, rests on their extraordinary superiority to all the 
 horses of their own day. But the moment that it is established, 
 as " Cecil " has, I think, clearly established it, that the general 
 run of horses of that day were intinitely inferior to the general run 
 of horses of this, in all the points wherein they most strenuously 
 claimed superiority ; the ease with which they were beaten by 
 the few true racers of the day is readily accounted for — and the 
 lact that they were easily beaten confers no such extraordinary 
 renown, nor presupposes the necessity of any such superior 
 powers in the victors. 
 
 Again, as to the four-mile-heat races, I deny utterly the 
 superiority of the horse of the olden time to the modern, in this 
 species of sport, as I do in all the other qualities necessary to 
 constitute a first-rate animal. 
 
 It is not only an inference, and nothing more ; but it is an 
 nference resting on nothing, and contrary to all analogy. 
 
 It will not be denied, that in the United States four-mile- 
 
436 THE H0K8E. 
 
 lieat racing lias been practised to a greater extent, at gi'eater 
 recorded and j)Ositively established sjpeed^ and with greater 
 proof of endurance of fatigue, than it ever has been elsewhere, 
 either in the olden time or in the present day, 
 
 Now, the American four-mile-heat racer is, in fact, nothing 
 more than an unmixed descendant of these very same worthies 
 of the olden day, and next akin to, where he is not actually the 
 son of, some one or other of these despised modern horses of 
 England, which, it is absurdly said, are degenerate. 
 
 It may be said that the same infei'ence is here deducible as 
 before, namely, that because four-mile-heat races are run in 
 America and are not run in England, therefore, the American 
 race-horse is, and the English is not, capable of running four- 
 mile-heat races. 
 
 I reply, that this, also, is an inference resting on nothing, 
 and contrary to analogy, and I proceed to show, wherefore ; 
 
 Twenty years, or over, when lirst I landed in the United 
 States, timing being at that time wholly unknown in Great 
 Britain, it was asserted and universally believed in this country, 
 that, because the English did not time their horses on the turf, 
 the English horses could not bear timing; which would, it was 
 argued, disclose their inferiority, in point of speed, to the race- 
 horse of this country. 
 
 After awhile, a few American gentlemen accustomed to 
 timing, and having stop-watches of the best construction, in a 
 word " to the manner born," kept the time of a St, Leger and 
 Derby or two, and tlien the fact came out, that, on several of 
 these occasions, the English horses ran quicker under heavy 
 weights than the best American horses under light ones. 
 
 Gradually, and reluctantly, it came to be, and has of late 
 been usually admitted, that the time of the best English horses, 
 under heavy weights and at short distances, is quite equal, 
 if not superior, to that of the best horses here. For example, 
 in Yol, XI,, American Turf Eegister, I find the following 
 passage ; 
 
 " Nothing is so interesting to American turfmen as to ascer- 
 tain the exact time in which the English race-horse performs a 
 given distance. We have a memorandum before us, made by 
 an American gentleman, who attended the recent Liverpool 
 
ENGLISH RACE COURSES. 437 
 
 July meeting, in regard to the time made by Lord Westminster's 
 Sleight-of-Hand, by Pantaloon, who won the Tradesman's Cuid 
 this year, beating Charles XII., Cruiskeen, Deception, and thir- 
 teen others. The race was run on the 15th of July, the day was 
 tine, not at all warm, and the course inline order. The distance 
 was two miles exactly, and Sleight-of-Hand, a four-year-old, and 
 carrying 109 lbs, performed it in 3m. 36s. ! The race is described 
 as a very splendid one, the winner, Sampson, and Charles XII., 
 " being so closely handicapped that Sleight-of-Hand won only 
 by a neck, Sampson beating Charles XII. for the second place 
 nearly hy a head. But the most wonderful circumstance yet 
 remains to be told ; Charles XII., who came so near winning, 
 is himself but a four-year-old, and yet carried 125 lbs. — only 
 a pound less than an aged horse carries on the Union Course ! 
 
 " The Derby handicap, run on the same day, was won by 
 Lord George Bentinck's Capote, by Yelocipede ; he, 3 years 
 old, with 93 lbs. on his back, ran once round and a distance, 
 called a Tiiile, in one minute and forty-seven seconds. This, if 
 the distance be accurately measured, it would not be impossible 
 for us to beat ; but the performance of Charles XII. is really 
 wonderful."— Ed. Am. T. K. 
 
 In reference to the measurement of the English courses, 1 
 quote again from the same work, vol. xi., p. 243, a writer, under 
 the signature D., for whom the Editor vouches as " a practical 
 breeder and tuii'man of thirty years standing," and as one than 
 wdiom " no gentleman in the Union is more familiar with the 
 difi'erent strains of blood which have appeared on both sides of 
 the Atlantic," testifies as follows ; 
 
 " Your correspondent doubts the speed of English horses, 
 and talks of the reputed length of courses. On that subject I 
 would observe to him, that the course at Doncaster has been 
 accurately measured in the presence of Americans, and some of 
 the fastest races have been timed by our* countrymen, with 
 watches made expressly for the purpose. The same remark ap- 
 plies to ^m^ree, near Liverpool," the course, be it observed, over 
 which the races last named were run ! 
 
 * It may not be amiss, nor will be improper, here to specify two well-known and 
 thorough sportsmen, Messrs. Frank Corbyn, of Virginia, and Boardman of Hunt's 
 Mills, as timers of English races. 
 
438 THE HORSE. 
 
 " A personal view of the English horses, and of English ra- 
 cing, has convinced me that their horses have more speed than 
 ours, and greater capacity for carrying weight. Now, these 
 things admitted, and I think no well informed man will deny it, 
 there is little reason to suspect that they have less game and 
 bottom, as they are descended from the same root, and bred 
 with the greatest care and attention." 
 
 The question of superior speed, has been apparently given 
 up. Anotlier writer, who concedes the fact of greater speed in 
 England at higli weights, inquires if the difference may not be 
 attributed to the superiority of the tui'f courses in England. 
 Being familiar with most of the race-courses in England, and all 
 the Northern courses of the United States, I should reply that 
 I greatly doubt the superiority of tlie turf course, for the making 
 of good time, as a general rule, though it perhaps is less hard 
 uj^on the feet. 
 
 When a turf course is in its most perfect condition, which 
 is not once in a hundred times, it is, perhaps, in all respects 
 more favorable to pace than any American course in the same 
 condition. But when the ground is thoroughly dry and baked, 
 and the grass, as I have often seen it, burnt till it is as slippery, 
 almost, as ice ; or when, as is, I might say, generally the case 
 under the weeping skies of England, the grass course is fetlock 
 deep in stiff mud, covered with a tenacious sod, it is worse than 
 any thing I have ever seen on any course, even Camden, in the 
 United States. I 'am certain that I have seen Knavesmire, at 
 York, and from the hill to the Red-house and thence half way 
 home, at Doncaster, ten seconds, at least, worse in the mile, 
 than ever I saw an}^ part of any race-course on this side the 
 water. 
 
 I do, however, believe that there is a manifest advantage, 
 especially for lengthy horses, in the larger size and less abrupt 
 turns of the English race-courses. I have seen that noble race- 
 horse, Mingo, who, for shapes was almost my beau ideal of the 
 animal, suffer repeatedly from being pulled out of his stride, in 
 order to get round the awkward short turns of tlie Union Course, 
 and I have not a doubt that either on the Beacon, which is 
 straight, or on the Goodwood Course, which is arranged in long 
 sweeping curves without any sudden corner, he or any other 
 
GAME OF ENGLISH HOESES. 
 
 439 
 
 good great horse would improve, other things alike, on his 
 American time. 
 
 Again, I am decidedly of opinion that the use of heavy 
 weights, as on the British Turf, is of as much profit as loss to the 
 horses ridden, in allowing the riders to be men^ who can control 
 the animals, restrain or call out their powers to the utmost, and 
 who in head, heart, seat and hand, are horsemen to perfection, 
 instead of cliildren^ who, half the time, have as much as they 
 can do to hang on by the reins, and are run away with from the 
 score to the winning-post, utterly unable either to judge of the 
 pace they are going, or to regulate it if they were. 
 
 But in regard to the bottom of English horses, I desire to 
 point out first, that it has already been shown, sujpi-a^ p. 359, that 
 a number of extremely indifferent race-horses did make, under 
 enormous weight, as we regard it here — 154 lbs. — very respect- 
 able time ; and one horse* — by no means above a third-rate 
 according to his previous character, or unusually powerful or 
 like a weight carrier — made very excellent time in the Osbal- 
 deston match, as admitted by the Americans who purchased 
 him after the Newmarket Houghton meeting of 1831. 
 
 Again, I quote from the American Sporting Magazine, Vol. 
 XI., p. 301, from the article of a very sound and brilliant writer, 
 who took ground against a strange fallacy broached at that time, 
 viz., that English and American thoroughbreds had degenerated 
 owing to their being too thoroughbred. 
 
 " We are entirely too much,'' says he, " in the habit of under- 
 rating the bottom of the English horses — when the truth is, the 
 thoroughbred of both countries are almost the same; but they have 
 attended more to the purity oi pedigree, speed, and a capacity to 
 carry weight. Now, I opine this system is not calculated to 
 lessen his lastingness ; at the same time, I must aver that the 
 possession of great speed is by no means an indication of want 
 
 of game, and if ' P ,' will try the experiment of running a 
 
 slow game horse after a fleet thoroughbred, he will hereafter be 
 willing to cross with some strong speedy horse, though he may 
 have broken down young. 
 
 * Tranby was not comparable in power, any more than in speed, to Lottery, 
 Plenipotentiary, or twenty others. 
 
440 THE HORSE. 
 
 " A word, on the subject of game in the English horses, and 
 I will close this piece. 
 
 " At the last Doncaster races, a. d. 1839, Opera, sister to 
 Burletta by Actseon, on Tuesday won the Cleveland stakes, one 
 mile, 16 subscribers. On Wednesday she won the Corporation 
 plate, two-mile heats, winning the first and third heats ; and on 
 Friday, two days after only, she won the town plate, two-mile 
 heats, at four heats, winning the second heat, the third heat being 
 a dead heat between her and Humphrey, and then won the 
 fourth heat, the last mile of which she ran in Im. 49s., with 119 
 
 lbs. on her, she then four years old. Now if ' P ' will not 
 
 admit this to be a game nag, he must be hard to satisfy. Opera 
 is a good nag, but by no means at the head of the English Turf. 
 Her performance, there, is no marvel ; and perhaps in Carolina 
 they might place a low estimate on it, but I am certain that 
 Crusader would have found himself in bad company with her. 
 Each heat was well contested — the last mile of the second heat 
 was run in Im. 48s. ; the last mile in third, in Im. 50s. ; and the 
 last mile in the fourth heat in Im. 49s. — timed by an American 
 now in this country. The shape of the course enables a spec- 
 tator to time the last mile correctly." 
 
 It is a remarkable fact, that, in 1826, I saw myself the very 
 counterpart of this race, run for the same Corporation plate, the 
 account of which I take from " The Annals of Sporting " of that 
 year, but I myself remember the circumstances as if they were 
 but of yesterday. 
 
 Purity, the winner of the town plate, had on Wednesday 
 won the all-age stakes, St. Leger Course, — two miles, less 312 
 yards — in 3m. 37s., carrying 107 lbs. at four years old. The 
 all-a^e stakes is a selhno- stake. The winner liable to be claimed 
 at 200 sovereigns, but not deliverable until the end of the meet- 
 ing. I mention this to show precisely how near to the head of 
 the turfVuvitj stood, and, as a consequence. Opera likewise. 
 
 Indeed it is notorious to every English turfman that no owner 
 will enter a valuable horse or mare for a race which takes so 
 much out of the animal, while the gain — £100 — is so small, and 
 the renown, to be got by beating inferior horses, nothing. 
 
 The race in 1826 was as follows. Unfortunately no time 
 
PURITY AND BKOWNLOCK. 441 
 
 was kept ; but this detracts in nothing from the stanchness or 
 capacity to repeat in the horses. 
 
 One hundred pound plate for three and four years old. Three, 7 st. 5 lbs.— 103 lbs. ; and four, 
 8 St. 7 lbs.— 119 lbs. Maiden colts allowed 2 lbs., and maiden fillies 3 lbs. Two-mile heats. 
 
 Lord Kelburn's ch. f. Purity, by Octavia, 4 years, . . . 4 8 10 1 
 
 Mr. Puchards' bl. c. Broicnlock, 4 yrs 16202 
 
 Sir J. Byng's ch. c. Thales, by Tramp, 4 yrs 5 10 8 3 
 
 Sir Wm. Milner's b. c. by Tramp, 3 yrs 6 2 3 dr. 
 
 Mr. Eidsdale's br. c. by Oiseau, 3 yrs 3 4 dr. 
 
 Duke of Leeds' bl. c. by Crowcatcher, 3 yrs H 5 dr. 
 
 Each heat was most obstinately contested, and a vast deal of 
 betting between Purity and Brownlock. The course was nearly 
 deserted before the contest was over, the deciding heat being 
 absolutely run by twilight. 
 
 From these data — the running, I mean, in Osbaldeston's two 
 hundred mile match, and that in the two minor races described 
 above, the counterparts of which, had one the time to hunt them 
 up, and tlie space to record them, might be reproduced a hun- 
 dred times from the annual racing calendars of English provin- 
 cial meetings — I deduce this fact, and challenge denial or dis- 
 proval, that English thoroughbred racers of inferior grade on 
 the Turf, do still retain the capacity to rim long heats as stoutly 
 and gamely as they ever did, and that at unusual weights and 
 in respectable time. 
 
 I say that second and third-rate horses, horses valued at 
 £200 and under, can do this ; and that first-rate horses, valued 
 at £1,000 and upwards, cannot do it at all, or cannot do it as 
 gamely and in better time than their own inferiors, is simply to 
 talk nonsense. 
 
 Again ; to say that a horse, which can run sixteen miles in 
 four four-mile heats, in 33m. 19s., with 154 pounds on his back, 
 could not run the same number of heats of the same length, in 
 much better time, with only 114 pounds on his back, is absurd. 
 
 So it is absurd to say that a much better, stouter, fleeter, in 
 every way superior animal, could not run the same race, under 
 the same conditions, in better time than its inferior. In other 
 words, that Tranby, with 154 pounds on his back, could run 
 sixteen miles at four-mile heats in such time, but that Eleur-de-lis, 
 or Glencoe, or Plenipotentiary, could not^ or could not, with that 
 
442 THE HORSE. 
 
 or 40 pounds less weiglit on tlieir backs, beat the time in a can- 
 ter, at 1,000 to 1, and no takers. 
 
 The idea of sustaining such a paradox is idle. " Cecil " has 
 well stated that a horse which can run with eight stone on his 
 back can run with nine, against equal horses equally weighted, 
 imelss he be such a weed as ought not to run at all. 
 
 But no one ever doubted, I presume, who was capable of 
 forming an opinion, that every horse which is capable of carry- 
 ing nine stone is capable of carrying eight a good deal faster. 
 
 I hold it, therefore, proved, as I have stated above, that the 
 inference^ that the modern English horse cannot run distances 
 equally well with his own ancestors, or with the modern Amer- 
 ican horse, is not only a onere inference, but an inference con- 
 trary to analogy. 
 
 There is yet another argument, and one yet stronger, which 
 I have to produce on this point, viz. 
 
 In later years the American time of four-mile-heat races has 
 immeasurably improved. 
 
 In later years the importation of modern English racing 
 stallions has immeasurably increased, and the stock of these 
 imported stallions are now running every where on terms of 
 equality with the progeny of the best native sires. 
 
 And, to borrow, for the last time, from the writer before 
 quoted in the American Sporting Magazine, Yol. XL, p. 242, 
 " On a fair investigation of all the races in our country, it will 
 be found that the imported horses, and the colts of imported 
 horses, have won a full share of all the purses, and at all dis- 
 tances, including four-mile heats. They are not better than 
 our own thoroughbreds, but they are equally good, and more 
 generally cross well." 
 
 This, be it observed, is not my opinion, but that of an intel- 
 ligent, well-known American breeder and turfman, of thirty 
 years' experience on the turf. His opinion, I think, moreover, 
 will be fully borne out by the tables at the end of the volume, 
 which I have with great labor compiled from such materials as 
 I could obtain, on the plan of the English tables above quoted, 
 of the number of winners got by American stallions of time past 
 and present, native and imported, and of the performances of 
 American horses born of native and imported sires. 
 
PRESENT STATE OF THE THOEOUGHBEED. 443 
 
 These show, if I err not the more widely, that the stock of 
 English horses do their work at long distances in America, with 
 no signs of degeneracy. How then should the sires be degene- 
 rate ? 
 
 Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis 
 Est in juvencis, est in equis patrum 
 Virtus, nee imbellem feroces 
 Progenerant aquilae columbam. Horace. 
 
 And here, having, as I consider, fully shown that the idea 
 of degeneracy from the original ancestry, whether on the part 
 of the English or American thoroughbred horse of to-day, is an 
 idle and ahsurd fallacy ; and that, on the contrary, not only is 
 the breed the very best breed that ever has existed in the world, 
 but that it exists to-day in greater purity, power, vigor, and 
 efficiency for all purposes of utility, with the sole exception of 
 heavy draught, than it ever has before — not to say in a sphere 
 immeasurably increased, and in numbers infinitely extended — 
 I will pass on to other parts of my subject, and endeavor to 
 show how we may continue to produce him of the higliest stand- 
 ard, and how use him with the greatest profit and pleasure to 
 ourselves, and, as in duty bound, with the greatest ease, well- 
 being and happiness to himself. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTE. 
 
 * (P. 426.) Tranby mares have proved fine breeders. The celebrated race- 
 horses Vandal and Alaric were out of a Tranby mare. Pie sired Creath, Tom 
 Roots, and Dolly Dixon also. lie was removed to Missouri, where he had no 
 chance to cover thoroughbreds, and might as well have been dead, so far aa 
 making- a turf reuutation is concerned. 
 
ENGLISH AND AMEKICAN YIEWS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PAST AIS^D PRESENT CONDITION OF THE THOROUGHBRED HORSE. 
 
 PRESENT SPEED OF THE KACEHOKSE. 
 From Stonehenge. 
 
 By an examination of the racing time-tables as recorded of 
 late years, it will be seen tliat from 13 i to 14 seconds per furlong 
 is the highest rate of speed attained in any of our races, above 
 a mile, and with 8 st. 7 lbs. carried by three-year-old horses. In 
 184:6, Surplice and Cymba won the Derby and Oaks, each run- 
 ning the distance in 2m, 48s., or exactly 14 seconds per furlong. 
 This rate has never since that time been reached ; the Flying 
 Dutchman having, however, nearly attained it, but failing by 
 two seconds — making his rate 14 seconds and one sixth per fur- 
 long. But the most extraordinary three-year-old performance 
 is that of Sir Tatton Sykes over the St. Leger Course, 1 mile, 6 
 furlongs, and 132 yards in length, which he ran in 3 minutes 
 and 16 seconds, or at a rate of as nearly as possible 131 seconds 
 per furlong. With an additional year and the same weight, this 
 speed has been slightly exceeded by "West Australian, even over 
 a longer course, as at Ascot in 1854, when he defeated Kingston 
 by a head only ; running two miles and four furlongs in 4m. 
 and 27s., or as nearly as possible at the rate of 13i seconds and 
 one-third per furlong. This performance is the best in modern 
 days, considering the weight, the age, and the distance ; and it 
 
rmST AUSTRALIAN. 445 
 
 will compare very favorably with the often-quoted exploit of 
 Childers over the Beacon Course in 1721, when, being six years 
 old, he beat Almanzor and Brown Betty, carrying 9 st. 2 lbs., 
 and doing the distance in 6m. 40s., or at the rate of 14 seconds 
 and one-third per furlong. Thus, allowing him his year for the 
 extra mile in the course, and for the 21bs. which he carried 
 above Kingston's weight, he was outdone by the latter horse 
 at Ascot by one second per furlong, and likewise by West 
 Australian at the usual allowance for his age. Again ; com- 
 paring these performances on the English Turf with the recently 
 lauded exploits of the American horses, it will be found that 
 there is no cause for the fear lest our antagonists in the " go- 
 ahead " department should deprive us of our laurels. On the 
 2d of April, 1855, a time-match was run at ISTew Orleans be- 
 tween Lecomte and Lexington, both four years old, in which 
 the latter, who won, did the four miles, carrying 7 st. 5 lbs., 
 in 7m. 19|s., or, as nearly as may be, 13|- seconds per fur- 
 long. This is considered by the Americans the best time on 
 record, aud is undoubtedly a creditable jDcrformance ; though 
 when the light weight is taken into account, not so near our 
 best English time as would at first sight appear. On the 
 14th of April, Brown Dick and Arrow ran three miles over 
 the same course in 5m. 28s., or at the rate of 13 seconds and 
 two-thirds per furlong ; the former a three-year-old, carrying 
 6 st. 2 lbs., and the latter five years old, 6 st. 12 lbs. Thus it 
 will appear that Kingston, of the same age as Arrow, and 
 carrying 9st. instead of 7 st. 12 lbs., ran 2^ miles at a better 
 rate than Arrow did his 3 miles, by one-third of a second 
 per furlong. And it has been shown that in the year last 
 past, two horses exceeded the greatest performance of the 
 olden times by a second per furlong, and beat the best Ame- 
 rican time of modern days by one-third of a second per mile. 
 The assertion, therefore, that our present horses are degen- 
 erated in their power of staying a distance under weight, is 
 wholly without foundation ; since I have shown that, even 
 taking the time of the Childers' performance as the true rate, 
 of which there is some doubt, yet it has recently been beaten 
 very considerably by West Australian and Kingston. Many 
 loose assertions have been made as to the rate of the horse. 
 
446 THE nOKSE. 
 
 for a single mile in the last century, but there is not the slight- 
 est reliance to be placed upon them. That any race-horse ever 
 ran. a mile within the minute, is an absurd fiction ; and it is 
 out of the question to suppose that if Childers could not beat 
 our modern horses over the Beacon Course, he could beat them 
 a shorter distance. Stoutness was undoubtedly the forte of the 
 early race-horses ; they were of small size, very wiry and low, 
 and could unquestionably stay a distance, and could race 
 month after month, and year after year, in a way seldom imi- 
 tated in these days ; but that they could in their small compact 
 forms run as fast in a short spin as our modern three-year-olds, 
 is quite a fallacy ; and no racing man of any experience would 
 admit it for a moment. ' 
 
 The size and shape of the modern thoroughbred horse are 
 superior to those of olden days, if we may judge by the portraits 
 of them handed down to us by Stubbs, who was by far the most 
 faithful animal painter of the eighteenth century. In elegance 
 of shape we beat the horses of that day very considerably, more 
 especially in the beauty of the head and the formation of the 
 shoulders, which have been much attended to by breeders. In 
 size, also, there has been an immense stride made, the average 
 height of the race-horse having been increased by at least a 
 hand within the last century. This enlargement is, I believe, 
 chiefly due to the GodoliDhin Arabian, who was the sire of 
 Babraham, the only horse of his time which reached 16 hands, 
 and sire or grandsire of several which were more than 15 hands, 
 much above the average height of horses at that time — as, for 
 instance. Fearnought, Genius, Gower Stallion, Infant, Denmark, 
 Bolton, Cade, Chub, Lofty, and Amphion. Indeed it will be 
 found, by an examination of the horses of that time, that out of 
 130 winners in the middle of the eighteenth century, there 
 were only 18 of the height of 15 hands and upwards, of which 
 11 were by Godolphin or his sons, three descended from the 
 Darley Arabian, two from the Byerley Turk, and two from 
 other sources. It may therefore be assumed, with some degree 
 of probability, that the increase in size is in great measure due 
 to the Godolphin, in addition to the extra care and attention 
 which the horse has received during the same time. ISTeverthe- 
 less, all the care and forcing in the world will not increase the 
 
COilPAEISONS OF SPEED. 447 
 
 size of some breeds ; and unless there was this capability of 
 being forced, no amount of attention would have brought the 
 horse to the present average, which may be placed at about 15 
 liands 3 inches. 
 
 COMPARISOInS of speed, etc., between ENGLISH AND AMERICAN 
 
 HORSES. 
 
 From the Spirit of the Times. 
 
 It will appear, on a critical examination of the subject, that 
 there is not much difference in the powers of the best race-horses 
 for more than a century ; a period during which they have been 
 brought, upon both sides of the Atlantic, to the present high 
 state of perfection. "Within the last two years have been exhib- 
 ited faster running in England, by West Australian and Kings- 
 ton, and in this country, by Lexington and Lecomte, than was 
 ever before known. The two last have run four miles, and four- 
 mile heats, faster, in either case, than has been performed in 
 England. " Stonehenge," who has been well endorsed in Eng- 
 land, has shown "the absurd fiction" of "a mile within a 
 minute;" and that there is "not the slightest reliance to be 
 placed upon the many loose assertions " — such as the reported 
 accounts of Childers ; and that he and Eclipse were " a distance 
 better than any other horses that have appeared," or that they 
 " could beat any other a half-mile in four miles ! " On the same 
 authority, it appears that, in the fastest Derby, St. Leger, and 
 Ascot cup races, as won by Surplice, the Flying Dutchman, Sir 
 Tatton Sykes, Don John, and "West Australian, the distance 
 varying from one mile and a half to two miles and a half, that 
 the fastest rate, with English weights, has been a little over one 
 minute and forty seconds per mile."'-'' We have no authentic 
 report that the mile has been run in England under one minute 
 and forty-two seconds, the time of Henry Perritt at New Orleans. 
 Nominally of the same age, three years old, and with the same 
 weight, 86 lbs., Inheritor, at Liverpool, ran two miles in 3.25 ; 
 which is at the rate per mile of 1.42^. " Stonehenge," referring 
 to what he considers the best race ever run in England, states 
 
 * We liavo no authentic data to say tliat Ilenrj Perritt ever ran a mile in 1.42J. 
 It is all surmise, as stated on page B37. — Ed. 
 
448 THE nORSE. 
 
 that West Australian, four years old, carrying tlie St. Leger 
 weight, 8 st, 6 lbs. — 118 pounds — " defeated Kingston by ahead 
 only," the latter five years old, carrying 9 st. — 126 pounds — 
 running two and a half miles in 4.27, " or, as nearly as possible, 
 13|- seconds per furlong." " This performance, the best of 
 modern days, considering the weight, the age, and the distance, 
 Avill compare very favorably with the often quoted exploit of 
 Childers, in 1721, at ISTewmarket, when being six years old, 
 carrying 9 st. 21bs. — 128 pounds — he did the distance, three and 
 a half miles, in 6m. 40s., or at the rate of 14 seconds and one- 
 third per furlong." " Thus allowing Childers his year for the 
 extra mile in the course, and for the two pounds which he 
 carried above Kingston's weight, he, Childers, was outdone by 
 Kingston at Ascot, by one second per furlong, and likewise by 
 West Australian, at the usual allowance for his age." " Kings- 
 ton, of the same age as Arrow, and carrying 9 st. instead ot 
 6 St. 2 lbs. — 100 pounds — ran two and a half miles at a better rate 
 than Arrow, in his race with Brown Dick, did his three miles, 
 by one-third of a second per furlong." But Arrow's was a race 
 of three-mile heats, the third heat in 5m. 43^s. Lexington, 
 nominally four years old, carrying 103 pounds, ran four miles, 
 also at New Orleans, in Ym. 19|s., or, as nearly as may be, 
 13|- seconds per fui-long, at the rate, for four miles, of less than 
 Im. 50s. per mile. 
 
 The often quoted exj^loit of Eclipse, of England, was that he 
 ran four miles, carrying 168 pounds, in eight minutes. 
 
 With these data before them, it is left for others to draw 
 their own deductions of the relative merits of West Australian, 
 Childers, Eclipse, and Lexington, at the distances they ran, 
 varying from two and a half miles to four. 
 
 Some among us believe that Lexington and Lecomte were 
 about as last and as good race-horses as have ever appeared in 
 England. Undoubtedly they could "stay a distance" about as 
 well as any horse that has run anywhere, having run two heats, 
 of four miles, in 7m. 26s, and 7m. 38fs., and the third mile of 
 the second heat in Im. 47s. 
 
 It would be a difficult task to institute a fair comparison 
 between the race-horses of England and America, the systems 
 of racing being so different in the two countries. With the 
 
ENGLISH AND AMEEICAN RACERS. 
 
 449 
 
 exception of the light weights, adopted by us for convenience, 
 the modes and rules of our turf are nearly the same as they 
 M^ere in England the last century. In England, since that 
 period, the mode of racing has been essentially changed : heavy 
 weights, even for two and three-year-olds, at short distances, 
 rarely beyond two and a half miles ; no longer races of heats ; 
 the great events being for " baby horses," two and three-year- 
 olds, instead of Jiorses, as formerly. Tliey rarely, nowadays, 
 reach maturity in England. Priam, Touchstone, Harkaway, 
 and E-ataplan, are to be regarded as exceptions to a rule. Cliil- 
 ders and Eclipse were^ not introduced upon the turf until live 
 years old, an age at which the most distinguished horses rarely 
 run in these days. 
 
 The elastic turf and the straighter shape of the English race- 
 courses, better adapt them to speed than our circular " race- 
 tracks," that are wholly denuded of turf. Therefore a fair com- 
 parison of English and American race-horses cannot be made 
 by time as the test ; one, too, that is not held in as high esteem 
 in England as with us. Time, there, is frequently disregarded. 
 
 Rather a long catalogue is here presented of the best race- 
 horses of England and of this country, which might be extended. 
 Those now or lately upon our turf are omitted, as some doubts 
 might be entertained of their comparative merits. Of those 
 furnished, who will agree as to the pre-eminence of any two of 
 them ; at least, to place any six above the rest ? 
 
 MOST REXOWNED ENGLISH AND AMERICAN HOKSES. 
 
 1715* Childers. 
 
 1777*t Dioraed. 
 
 1718* Partner. 
 
 1782t Trurapator. 
 
 1748* Matchem. 
 
 1784t Sir Peter. 
 
 1749* Regulus, ) by the Go- 
 
 1790t Waxy. 
 
 17-i9 Mirza, ) dolphin Arabian. 
 
 1792t Hambletonian, 
 
 1749* Spectator. 
 
 1796t Sorcerer. 
 
 1750* Snap. 
 
 1798t Eleanor. 
 
 1758* Ilerod. 
 
 1798t Orville. 
 
 1764* Eclipse, by Marske. 
 
 1807t Whalebone. 
 
 1771* Shark, by Marske. 
 
 1816 Sultan. 
 
 1773* Pot8os, by Eclipse. 
 
 1822 Camel. 
 
 * Saltram, by Eclipse. 
 
 18271 Priam, by Emilius.t 
 
 • Boston's ancestors. 
 
 t Derby and St. Leger winners. 
 
 Vol. I.— 29 
 
 
450 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 ISSlf Plenipotentiary, by Emilius.f 
 1831t Touchstone. 
 
 f Queen of Trumps. 
 
 1 Bay Middleton. 
 
 1 Flying Dutchman. 
 
 Harkaway. 
 
 1 Don John. 
 
 1 Sir Tatton Sykes. 
 
 1 West Australian. 
 
 Kingston. 
 
 1801* Florizel. 
 1812 Potomac. 
 1813* Sir Archy. 
 
 1812 Lady Lightfoot, by Sir Archy. 
 
 18 1 2 Vanity, by Sir Archy. 
 
 1813 Reality, by Sir Archy. 
 1813* Timoleon, by Sir Archy. 
 
 1814 Virg-fnian, by Sir Archy. 
 
 1815 Sir Charles, by Sir Archy. 
 1820 Bertrand, by SirArchy. 
 1801 Maid of the Oaks, by Imp. 
 
 Spread Eagle. 
 1801 rioretta, by Imported Spread 
 Eagle. 
 
 1801 Postboy, by Imp. Gabriel. 
 1801 Oscar, by Imp. Gabriel. 
 1801 Hickory. 
 1808 Duroc. 
 
 Sir Solomon. 
 
 1814 American Eclipse. 
 1820 Flirtilla. 
 
 Monsieur Tonson. 
 
 Sally Walker. 
 
 Ariel, by American Eclipse. 
 
 Medoc, by American Eclipse. 
 
 Fannj^, by American Eclipse. 
 
 Lady Clifden. 
 
 Doubloon, by Imp. Margrave. 
 
 Blue and Brown Dick, by 
 
 Imported Margrave. 
 1833 Boston. 
 1837 Fashion. 
 1839 Peytona. 
 
 Trifle, by Sir Charles. 
 
 Andrew, by Sir Charles. 
 
 Wagner, by Sir Charles. 
 
 Grey Eagle. 
 
 Another view of the comparative merits of race-horses that 
 were not contemporaries is presented by time on the same course, 
 and with the same weight, or the relative weight for age. 
 
 It has been shown lately, that on the Charleston Course, at 
 three and four-mile heats, in the races won by Nina, High- 
 lander, Jefferson Davis, and Frank Allen, nearly the same time 
 has been made ; besides the comparison between that of Ber- 
 trand and Floride. 
 
 On the Union Course, New York, the fastest four-mile heats 
 were as follows ; — 
 
 Fashion, 5 years, 111 lbs., and Boston, 9 years, 126 lbs., 7.821— T.45 
 
 Tally-ho, 4 yrs., 104 lbs., and Bostona, 5 yrs., Ill lbs., 7.33 —7.43 
 
 Fashion, aged, 123 lbs., and Peytona, 5 yrs., 117 lbs., 7.39 —7.45 
 
 Eclipse, 9 yrs., 126 lbs., and Henry, 4 yrs., 108 lbs., 7.37i— 7.49 
 
 Eed-Eye, 8 yrs., 126 lbs., and One-Eyed Joe, 6 yrs., 117 lbs., .... 7.52 —7.39 
 Lady Clifden, 4 yrs., 101 lbs., and Picton, 8 yrs., 90 Ib.s., Picton winning 
 
 first heat, 7.44-7.434—7.56* 
 
 * Boston's ancestors. 
 
 t Derby and St. Leger winners. 
 
AMERICAN AND ENGLISH HORSES. 451 
 
 It would seem there was no great difference in the speed and 
 bottom of the horses that have acquired the most renown on the 
 Union Course. Observer. 
 
 BEST AMERICAN AND ENGLISH HORSES. 
 
 THE SONS OF BOSTON. — TIME AS INFLUENCED BY WEIGHT. FAST RACES. 
 
 LEXINGTOn'3 old AMERICAN BLOOD. 
 
 Kenowned sons of Boston have run the fastest races of four 
 miles, and of four-mile heats, upon the American record. " That 
 has been settled at ISTew Orleans," bv Lexington's race of four 
 miles in Y.19|- ; and that won by Lecomte, four-mile heats, in 
 7.26 — 7.38f . Next in the order of time comes the race won by 
 Fashion, beating Boston, in Y.32i — 7.45 • then Boston's son. 
 Tally-ho, beating Bostona, in 7.33 — 7.43, at l!^ew York ; and 
 the several fast races at 'New Orleans, as between George Mar- 
 tin and Reel — dam of Lecomte — in nearly the same time as 
 Tally-ho's first and second hea*"s ; Miss Foote's Grey Medoc's 
 — and others scarce known to fame — heats in 7.35 ; and other 
 heats by Louis d'Or, Charmer, Keiibe, and others, also at Kew 
 Orleans, varying from 7.37 to about 7.40 ; but in very few cases 
 with the full weiglit of aged horses ; and, in all instances, with 
 less weight than usually carried at the more l!^orthern courses. 
 Boston's son, Dick Doty, beating Little Flea, at Lexington, Ken- 
 tucky, won in 7.37| — 7.46^ ; Peytona, beating Fashion, atl*^ew 
 York, in 7.39 — 7.43 ; and the two first heats in Eclipse's great 
 match, on the same course, were run 7.37| and 7.49. Nearly each 
 of these races, at the period of their performance, was con- 
 sidered " the best race ever run in America," to say nothing of 
 the " best race in Yirginia," run by Red Eye and Nina ; both 
 of them by Boston. Last April the opinion was expressed at 
 New Orleans that " Lecomte is the best horse America ever 
 produced ; " this April, at the same place, the owner of Lexing- 
 ton is assured he "enjoys the proud supremacy of owning the 
 fastest horse in America, if not in the world." The present 
 week, perhaps, will decide which is " best," at four-mile heats, 
 Lecomte or Lexington. Condition, or accident, may decide 
 " the rub." 
 
452 THE H0E8E. 
 
 For details of comparative speed, age, and weight carried, 
 in the examples given, reference may be had to an article pub- 
 lished in the N. Y. " Spirit of the Times," of June, 1854, page 
 228, in No. 19, vol. 24. 
 
 If time alone be the test, the palm must be conceded to 
 Lexington ; in not only having run the fastest four miles in 
 America, but also the fastest three miles, in 5.31. The noble 
 animal has fully realized all the high expectations of his 
 judicious owner and other zealous backers. Notwithstanding 
 " the various circumstances upon which so much depends for 
 success were in the highest degree favorable — the condition of 
 the horse and the track excellent — the sky clear, the air warm 
 and balmy — the day could not possibly have been, better ; " 
 jockeyed, too, by Gil. Patrick, the best rider in the country, 
 and carrying only 103 lbs., on a horse nearly five years old ; yet 
 Lexington ran a great hazard of losing the race by the loss of 
 " his left fore plate and half the right one." Had he lost his 
 plate earlier, owing to the " extreme hardness of the track," 
 Lexington's loss of the match seems to have been inevitable. 
 " Taking the chances into view," in his last article, your corre- 
 spondent wrote — " he would rather bet on time than on Lexing- 
 ton's heating T.26." In the " Observations on the American 
 Turf, by D. P.," in the " Spirit of the Times," of Feb. 3, 1855, 
 ISTo. 51, page 606, he expressed his belief "that Lecomte is 
 above and beyond all comparison the best and surest race-horse 
 that has appeared in this country, with the single doubtful ex- 
 ception of Boston ! " To his faith in Boston " D. P." would die 
 a martyr. It is known that Lecomte has run his mile in 1.45^, 
 and " tour miles in 7.26." " I will venture tlie prediction," 
 D. P. adds — " that if ever he " — Lecomte — " runs a single four- 
 mile heat in his present condition, and he loses it, tlie time will 
 he made in less than Y.20 ! If Lexington can now beat Le- 
 comte, he must be something more than a horse." 
 
 Yet in the discussion of several of the best races, with the 
 diflerence of weight, and for the same ages too, " D. P." is of 
 opinion " the question may well be put, has the 7.37^ heat of 
 Henry ever been beaten in this country ? " He states that 
 Henry and Lecomte " were both of the same age ; Henry made 
 7.37 with 108 lbs. upon his back, while Lecomte made 7.26 with 
 
ECLIPSE AND FLYING CHILDERS. 453 
 
 only 86 lbs."— 89 were carried. " Tlie Kew Orleans is fullj 
 Bix seconds quicker " — in four miles ? — " than the Union at the 
 time of Henry's race." Challenges have been offered the 
 backers of the ISTew Orleans cracks, it is believed, on both 
 Henry's and Fashion's time, with the weights they carried, but 
 not accepted. 
 
 But for the fear of being tedious, a comparison between 
 Lexington's time and that of the fastest races in England, at 
 four miles and upward, and of the relative weights carried, 
 would be here made. Tlie subject will be dismissed, with the 
 expression of disbelief, for obvious reasons, in the incredible 
 accounts of Flying Childers. He, likewise, ran over the Beacon 
 Course, four miles, one furlong, and thirty-eight yards, in seven 
 minutes and thirty seconds ! " But no timer can see the length 
 of the Beacon Course, near a mile on one side being excluded 
 from view by " the Devil's ditch," an old Saxon work of in- 
 trenchment. The late Judge Duval, of Maryland, and one of 
 the Justices of the U. S. Supreme Court, made a comparison 
 of the running of Childers and Eclipse, as follows ; " Eclipse 
 ran, at York, four miles in eight minutes, carrying 12 stone — 
 168 pounds, 42 pounds more than the standard weight at this 
 time. If the calculation of old experienced sportsmen, that 
 the addition of seven pounds weight in the rider makes the dif- 
 ference of a distance, which is 240 yards, in a heat of four miles, 
 be correct, then the running of Eclipse, carrying forty pounds 
 more than Childers, will prove that Eclipse was the swiftest 
 animal." It does not apj)ear that in any of his eighteen races 
 the time of Eclipse was at all noted, excepting at York, when 
 six years old, as above quoted. " In truth, not any horse had 
 the shadow of a chance of winning against Eclipse," — he dis- 
 tanced the field " whenever he chose," — " was never beaten, nor 
 had a whip flourished over him, or felt the tickling of a spur." 
 " Childers flourished in 1721-2, Eclipse in 1Y69-70." By tlie 
 way, in his marks, in the portrait in the " American Turf Kegis- 
 ter," vol, ii., Childers resembles Lexington. "ISText to these cele- 
 brated race-horses, perhaps Highflyer was the fleetest horse that 
 has been raised in England," But it does not appear that he, 
 and many other horses of the first fame that were never beaten, 
 such as Lath, Babraham, Mirza, Regulus, &c., ever ran a ver-^- 
 
454 THE HOKSE. 
 
 fast race ; no record of the kind. However, it is recorded of 
 Matchem, that " in 1775, March 31, at six years okl, carrying 
 8 stone 7 lbs. — 119 lbs. — he beat Trajan over the Beacon Course 
 in 7.20 ! " " Matchem was beat in 1776, running for the Jockey 
 Club Plate, four-mile heats," in three heats, winning neither of 
 them ; Spectator, winner of the race, " ran in 7.52 — 7.42 — 8.05." 
 The difference in the Jockey Club weights probably caused the 
 difference in the time in the two races, if the former was really 
 the correct time. Spectator was sire to the dam of our famed 
 Diomed. Of course his blood descends to Lexington, as well 
 as that of Childers and Eclipse, as might be shown in his pedi- 
 gree. Lexington's remote maternal ancestry is from the old- 
 fashioned American blood, as transmitted from Fearnought, 
 Medley, Diomed, and Sir Archy ; from whom he is also de- 
 scended in the paternal line, through Timoleon and Boston. 
 His i^edigree has been given in full in the "Spirit of the 
 Times." 
 
 Tliese are mere observations on facts, as they are, leaving 
 all speculation about them to others. Observer. 
 
 THE THOROUGHBRED RACE-HORSE. 
 
 In preceding articles, definitions and examples of a thorough- 
 bred race-horse have been given. Strictly speaking, it has been 
 stated, his pedigree, lineally and collaterally, must be traced to 
 an approved Oriental source, the fountain head of the best blood 
 of England. But few pedigrees of the best race-horses of modern 
 times will bear that test. Latterly, it has been deemed sufficient 
 for a " thoroughbred," if his pedigree can be traced for eight 
 generations without any base admixture. But no horse is con- 
 sidered thoroughbred in England whose pedigree is not on 
 record in " The Stud Book." From tlie want of such a work in 
 this country, American horses are considered thoroughbred if 
 the sire be known to be so, and the maternal pedigree can be 
 traced without a stain to some mare of the fourth or fifth remove, 
 reputed to be thoroughbred ; as Burwell's Regulus mare, pro- 
 genitor of the Lady Lightfoot stock ; Johnson's Medley mare, 
 
WHAT IS A TriOROUGHBRED? 455 
 
 progenitor of Eealitj, Bonnets o' Blue, and Fashion ; and Slam- 
 erkin, maternal ancestor of Pliilo. 
 
 Some believe it is of the first importance that there be remote 
 ancestors on both sides, known to be of the best blood, as the 
 maternal progenitor of Flying Dutchman, the dam of the True 
 Blues, by the Byerley Turk. From her are also lineally de- 
 scended the renowned Sir Peter Teazle and Medley, out of own 
 sisters by Snap. Others consider it of more ircportance that 
 the parents in each generation, until traced up to the fountain, 
 be of the first celebrity, as in the example of Boston's pedigree. 
 The two Childers, Partner, Begulus, Blank, Matchem, Herod, 
 Eclipse, Snap, Highflyer, PotSos, Saltram, Pockingham, Shark, 
 Diomed, &c. — combined in Boston — are regarded as the best 
 channels for the blood of the most famed horses from their 
 Oriental sires. 
 
 Sir Archy, the best American bred stock-getter we have had, 
 is in every respect thoroughbred ; the pedigrees of his sire and 
 dam being found, too, in the S'tud Book. For the present pur- 
 pose, a mere glance will be taken of his pedigree. That of his 
 sire, Diomed, need not be re]3eated. Sir Archy's dam, imp. 
 Castianira, was got by Pockingham ; grandam by Trentham, 
 great grandam by Bosphorus. 
 
 Pockingham, foaled 1781, was the best race-horse in Eng- 
 land — owned by the Prince of Wales — succeeding the famous 
 sons of EclijDse, Saltram and Dungannon ; he was a winner of 
 thirty-two prizes in five years. The famous Miss Kingsland, 
 own sister to Sir Archy's grandam, by Trentham, out of the dam 
 of the famed Pegasus, was of the same year. She ran a long 
 and brilliant career. Trentham was a very high-bred horse, 
 paternally three removes from the Godolphin Arabian, his sire 
 out of a sister in blood to Matchem's dam ; and his own grandam 
 Ebony, by Flying Childers. Trentham, 1766, realized in stakes 
 more than 8,000 guineas, an enormous sum in those da_ys. His 
 descendants are renowned, especially Camilla, Sir Archy, Mel- 
 bourne, Lanercost, and Alarm. 1754, Bosphorus was got by 
 Babraham, own brother to Blank, by the Godolphin Arabian — 
 H. C. Childers — Leedes — Moonah Barb mare. 
 
 Highflyer, sire to Pockingham, is known as the best son of 
 Herod ; of turf and stud ability scarce second to any horse of 
 
456 THE HOKSE. 
 
 England ; liis dam by Blank, grandam by Eegulns ; — tracing to 
 a royal mare, Arabian or Barb. Both Blank and Rcgulus were 
 by the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 It appears that Sir Archy is three removes from Highflyer, 
 and three from Herod, through Diomed, with another cross of 
 Highflyer. But he had no cross from Eclipse or Snap. Where- 
 fore Sir Archy was a good cross for PotStos and Saltram, sons 
 of Eclipse, and for Snap — two crosses — progenitors of Boston. 
 
 It is asked of "Observer," "Are the Sir Archys still in 
 existence ? " Probably not one of his get, as about thirty years 
 have elapsed since they retired from the turf. But as a breed, 
 the Sir Archys are imperishable. " Has the blood of Sir Archy 
 been improved ? " is the next question. This seems impossible. 
 His descendants, however, of the second and third generation, 
 have acquired more fame for fast races than his own get. Some 
 think the renowned sons of Boston have attained " the Eourier- 
 ism of perfection." Those who had been sceptical "have 
 knocked under to the Bostons ; " and some believe, with 
 " Cinna," that Lexington and Lecomte have made that stock 
 unapproachable ; but it is yet a mooted point — '''■Palmmn qui 
 meruit feratP It is next asked, " Are any of Boston's progeny 
 perpetuating his extraordinary game ? " This appears to be the 
 case in respect to the Tally-hos. Sebastopol testifies to the 
 excellence of the Boston and Sir Archy blood, being " inbred," 
 to both of them — tracing to Boston on both sides, and through 
 his dam to the Elirtillas and Slamerkin, to the sixteenth genera- 
 tion." 
 
 The blood, speed, bottom, and durability of the Boston stock 
 would make them a valuable cross for England at this time, 
 srivino: streno-th of limb, hardihood, and endurance to much of 
 the English precocious and speedy stock, that in some of those 
 qualifications have been proven deficient. Either Lexington, 
 Lecomte, or Ked Eye, would meet a general and high approba- 
 tion in the stud, in England. Their dams, too, are by horses of 
 high character upon the English turf, and of approved pedigrees ; 
 in which respect Lecomte might he preferred, because of the 
 record in the Stud Book. But the near Priam cross would be 
 of great service to Eed Eye. When upon the turf, Priam was 
 considered worthy of succeeding to the laurels of Childers, 
 
PEIAM AND EMILIU9. 457 
 
 Eclipse, and Highflyer. "In the stud in England," tliongh not 
 so successful as with us, " the success of Priam has been remark- 
 able ; " " to have been the progenitor of Crucifix, and her sons 
 Surplice and Cowl, of Miss Letty, Industry, Weathergage, Cos- 
 sack and Hero, is no common reputation," " All these horses," 
 Stonehenge adds, "have been distinguished by true running, 
 and the blood always trains on ; the descendants of Emilius be- 
 ing full of Eclipse blood, through Miss Hervey, Waxy, son of 
 PotSos, Vixen, and Saltram, are particularly stout and honest." 
 
 As an example for a pedigree in full, to the most remote 
 source, from the best horses — such as our breeders may imitate, 
 as far as is in their power, in respect to American horses— that 
 of Priam is here given. Priam, b., was got by Emilius, dam 
 Cressida by Whiskey ; grandam Young Giantess by Diomed ; 
 her dam Giantess by Matchem, out of Molly Longlegs by Ba- 
 braham — Cole's Foxhunter — Partner — sister to E-oxana by the 
 Bald Galloway — sister to Chante]' by Acaster Turk — Leeds 
 Arabian — Spanker. The last by the D'Arcy Yellow Turk — 
 dam by the Morocco Barb — Bald Peg by an Arabian out of a 
 Barb nuire. Thus to ten generations Priam's pedigree has been 
 traced to the most remote source ; a combination of Arabian, 
 Barb, and Turkish blood, to say nothing of his various channels 
 of descent from the Godolphin and Darley Arabians and the 
 Byerley Turk. 
 
 Emilius, the best race-horse of his day, like Priam, winner 
 of the Derby and other great stakes, was got by Orville, dam 
 by Stamford — Whiskey — Dorimant — Blank, &c. Orville by 
 Beningbrough ; dam by Highflyer, &c. — to Regulus, and to 
 Marske's dam ; one of the most ancient pedigrees on the record. 
 Beningbrough by Xing Fergus, son of Eclipse, dam by Herod — 
 Matchem, &c. Stamford, a very distinguished runner and 
 stallion, own brotlier to Paris and Archduke, the last imported 
 into Virginia, Derby Manners, was got by Sir Peter Teazle, ont 
 of Horatio by Eclipse. Sir Peter, as commonly called, the best 
 son of Highflyer, was successor to all his laurels ; his dam 
 Papillon by Snap ; Eegulus, &c. Next to Eclipse and Herod, 
 Sir Peter got more winners than any horse on record. " In 
 him Avas united the best blood of Herod, Snap, Blank, and 
 Regulus." Whiskey was the best horse bred by the Prince of 
 
458 THE nOESE. 
 
 Wales — George lY. — renowned botli on the turf and in the 
 Btnd ; he was got by Saltram, dam by Herod — Matchem — 
 Reguhis, &c. His daughter Eleanor, Muley's dam, was tlie 
 only winner, to this day, both of the Derby and of the Oaks. 
 For the other noted horses, in Priam's pedigree, see the Book. 
 Young Giantess, Priam's grandam by Diomed, ranks with the 
 best blood mares produced in England ; as exemplified by her 
 immediate j)rogeny and those of the present day, embracing, 
 besides Priam, his rivals in fame. West Australian, Kingston, 
 Flying Dutchman, and his sire. Bay Middleton ; also Sir Tatton 
 Sykes, Alarm, Cossack, Yoltigeur, Teddington, Weathergage, 
 Andover, Stockwell, and his own brother Pataplan, Queen of 
 Trumps, Alice Hawthorn, her son Oulston, Yirago, and others 
 of renown. 
 
 Having been asked for a " disquisition on breeding," I can 
 do no better than to quote from the author already referred 
 to. "The purer the blood the more likely it is to be trans- 
 mitted." " Whichever parent is of the purest blood will be 
 most generally represented in the offspring." "Breeding 'in- 
 and-in' is injurious," but there are exceptions, as already 
 shown ; and " in all cases there is some in-breeding," as in 
 the various descendants from the Godolphin Arabian, and 
 from Herod, Eclipse, Matchem, Regulus, and Snap. " It may 
 be remembered the Herod and Eclij^se blood have 'hit' in 
 a great number of horses, such as Whiskey, Waxy, Bening- 
 brough," and many more named ; to which may be added Bos- 
 ton, descended from Saltram and PotSos, the renowned sons 
 of Eclipse, sires to Whiskey and Waxy. Boston was only the 
 fourth generation removed from Eclipse. " It must also be 
 known that Eclipse and Herod — united in tlie blood of Boston, 
 several crosses from each — are both descended from the Darley 
 Arabian, the one on the sire's side, and the other on the dam's." 
 " Priam is an example of in-breeding. This horse and Pleni- 
 potentiary were both sons of Emilius ; the latter as direct a 
 cross as is often seen, but the former in-bred to Whiskey. Both 
 were extraordinary winners, but Plenipotentiary had scarce an 
 average success as a stallion, while Priam, considering his short 
 stay" in England, "has achieved an imperishable fame." " Bay 
 Middleton was the produce of second cousins," from St. Peter. 
 
IN-BKEEDING. 459 
 
 ^'Stockwell and Rataplan are descended in the same degree 
 from "Whalebone," &c. Their dam was by Glencoe, of the 
 same year with Touchstone and Plenipo. — and of almost equal 
 renown on the turf. Flying Dutchman is somewhat in-bred, 
 and " as far as his stock has been tried, is eminently suc- 
 cessful as a stock-getter," uniting " the stout blood of Catton 
 and Orville with that of Selim." " The pedigree of the dam 
 of Sir Tatton Sykes should be carefully analyzed, as exhibiting 
 a curious re-union of strains ; Muley is in-bred to Whiskey, 
 he is then crossed with an Election mare, producing Margrave ; 
 the dam of Muley being Eleanor, a daughter of Young Gi- 
 antess by Diomed." From Margrave, " Patty Primrose, con- 
 taining in her pedigree two infusions of Young Giantess from 
 Sorcerer," was jDroduced the dam of Sir Tatton Sykes, with 
 another infusion of the same blood from his sire Melbourne. 
 " The most extraordinary three-year-old performance, is that 
 of Sir Tatton Sykes over the St. Leger Course, in 3.16, at a rate 
 of 13i seconds per furlong." 
 
 Margrave and Trustee, stallions yet among us, were of the 
 same year, and beat each other in the Derby and the St. Leger 
 Stakes. Margrave and Leviathan are sons of Muley ; conse- 
 quently cousins to Priam. Wherefore it is probable there has 
 been considerable in-breeding of late among us. Priam and 
 Sovereign, too, were by tlie same sire, Emilius. The dam of 
 the latter is also descended from Young Giantess. These, with 
 Glencoe, have latterly been our best stallions, with the single 
 exception of Boston. 
 
 The dam of West Australian — reputed to have run the best 
 race in England — was own sister to Cotherstone, whose dam 
 was also the dam of Trustee. Our stock may now need a good 
 foreign cross, such as Kingston. Don John, however, may do 
 good service. 
 
 " Out-crossing. By crossing the Mood^ we understand the 
 selection of a sire composed of wholly different blood from that 
 of tlie dam, or as different as can be obtained. The same strain 
 beyond two stages deteriorates the constitutional health, dimin- 
 ishes the bone, and lowers the height. The great difficulty is 
 to obtain a cross " without destroying the harmony of jjropor- 
 tions," &c. As examples of judicious out-crossing, Ilarkaway 
 
460 THE HORSE. 
 
 is named " no doubt a very superior race-horse, but liis stock, 
 thougli stout, is deficient in speed. Bee's-wing is another good 
 example ; and her sons, Newminster, Nunnykirk, and Old 
 Port ; Queen of Trumps, also ; but in her remote ancestry there 
 is an extraordinary influx of Herod's blood," Success is some- 
 times had by re-uniting, after an interval of several genera- 
 tions, a series of good strains. Hence, it is supposed, pure 
 Boston blood would be of great benefit in England. " West 
 Australian is a valuable example of a good out-cross after in- 
 breeding." " One of the most thoroughly-crossed pedigrees of 
 the day is that of Kingston ; and being such a good horse as he 
 was, his case must be allowed to Aveigh in favor of this kind of 
 breeding." " I conceive nothing better than this game horse." 
 The out-cross " is not so inuch in reference to running as to 
 breeding." " There are cases," like that of Sir Arcliy, " where 
 a horse begets racing stock out of all sorts of mares, as Touch- 
 stone, a grandson of Whalebone, carrying his grandfather's 
 fame still further." But in breeding, the brood-mare must 
 unite high qualifications, in blood, frame, health, and temper ; 
 as "like begets like," but subject to the various considerations 
 partly alluded to. " Like the brood-mare, the stallion requires 
 several essentials," as in the mare ; but " he must not only be 
 suitable iper se, but he must also be adapted to the particular 
 mare." " The rock upon which most men split is a bigoted 
 favoritism for some jjarticular horse." " If not already twice 
 bred in and in," it is recommended to seek " the best stallion 
 of the best strain in the mare's pedigree." " A cross into blood 
 already existing in the mare, but not recently in-bred, nor used 
 more than once, will sometimes answer." "It is commonly 
 supposed that one or the other of the parents should be of 
 mature age ; and that if both are very young or very old, the 
 produce will be decrepit or weakly." " The general practice 
 of breeding is to use young stallions with old mares," and vice 
 versa. 
 
 " The various crosses since the days of Herod, Eclipse, and 
 Matchem, are so numerous that it is no longer possible to class 
 them ; " " far less from the Godolphin and Darley Arabians, 
 and the Byerley Turk," from which all the best pedigrees are 
 
THE BLOOD OF WAXT. 461 
 
 to "be traced. But the author classes the best horses now on 
 the English Turf under the following heads. 
 
 " AVaxy at the head of the list," numbering " among his 
 stock, in the direct male line, 13 St. Leger Avinners, 13 of the 
 Derby, and 11 of the Oaks, and more winners of great races 
 than any two horses since his time." " Like Orville, he is chiefly 
 composed of Eclipse and Herod blood, with a double dash of 
 the Godolphin, through Sportsmistress, dam of PotSos, and 
 Lisette." " This stock will run all day, and no distance is too 
 great for them ;" but " are not so fast for a mile as some others — 
 especially the Buzzard stock," from Selim, Sultan, Bay Middle- 
 ton, &c. ; " which are more calculated for the Kowley mile " 
 than longer distances. Glencoe and Grey Eagle are of this 
 stock, each of them three removes from Buzzard. The get of 
 Glencoe and of Grey Eagle are very fast, and some of both can 
 stay the distance. " Buzzard, imported into Yirginia, is repre- 
 sented by almost as many fashionable horses of the present day, 
 in England, as "Waxy." " Orville, like Waxy, a good race- 
 horse — bearing affinity in blood and results to our Sir Archy — 
 is remarkable for combining speed with stoutness." " He was 
 in-bred in King Herod, his dam having been by Highflye]', and 
 his sire out of a Herod mare ; whilst his grandsire. King Fergus, 
 by Eclipse, was out of a mare by Tartar, sire of Herod." " The 
 Waltons and Haphazards may well be classed together. In 
 blood they were nearly identical, being by Sir Peter out of 
 mares by Eclipse, or his son Dungannon." Of Walton's de- 
 scendants. Partisan, Yenison, and Gladiator, are the most prized ; 
 and the blood of the last two is by many considered equal to 
 any thing out. " Nothing can exceed the beauty of form from 
 the combination of the Waxy and Sir Peter blood, as in Gladiator 
 and Kingston ; remarkable for blood-like frames, Arabian-look- 
 ing heads," &c. &c. "The Sorcerers," descended from Mat- 
 chem and Diomed, " are large, fast," &c., " like the Mel- 
 bournes " — " fit for any work but turning corners." " East 
 enough for any thing, but require time to fill up their frames." 
 " Over a distance of ground, most of these strains would gen- 
 erally be beaten by the stock of Whalebone or Orville." 
 
 After this " disquisition" on breeding, it is left for American 
 breeders to decide for themselves, without further counsel, from 
 
463 TIIE nOKSE. 
 
 what blood and what stallions they are to look for the perpetua- 
 tion of the best stock in this country. Most of our horses of 
 celebrity are considerably advanced in age, as Trustee, Glencoe, 
 and Margrave. Those most distinguished on our turf, that need 
 not be named, are yet imtried in the stud. As for the result — 
 nous ve7Tons. Others may furnish the "Spirit" brief and intel- 
 ligible pedigrees of a score or more of our best American-bred 
 stallions, of which I am incapable. Kentucky, our present 
 " race-horse region," seems to have benefited by crossing judi- 
 ciously the Sir Archy stock with good English horses ; and both 
 with the American Eclipse blood, especially as transmitted by 
 Medoc. Observer. 
 
 BEST FOUR-MILE-HEAT RACES — TIME AND WEIGHT EXAMPLES 
 
 LECOMTE, LEXINGTON, ETC. 
 
 Mr. Spirit. — As our representatives say on the floor of Con- 
 gress, will you allow me " to define my position ? " 
 
 The crude vagaries and vaticinations of " Observer," shall 
 have farther notice. The "vagaries," as alleged, ithasbeen shown 
 have been creditably shared on both sides of the Atlantic. In 
 respect to the influence of weight upon the time of a race, very 
 different opinions have been entertained. In England so much 
 importance is not attached to time as in our country ; more to 
 weight. With us, some think " the best horse America ever 
 produced " must necessarily run four miles in the fastest time. 
 
 The fallacy of this is apparent. Who remembers the time 
 of mau}^ of the best horses of England and America ? The fa- 
 mous Eeel's fastest race was her last, when beat by George 
 Martin, with less weight for age, in almost the precise time of 
 Tally-ho's two heats ! Florizel and Monarch were so superior 
 to all competitors as never to be put to their speed by any of 
 them. More cases of the kind have occurred in England than 
 in America. But the system of racing in the two countries is 
 now so diff'erent as scarce to admit of comparison. In England, 
 by handicapping, putting heavier weights on the best horses to 
 produce an equality, the inferior ones most frequently win ; and, 
 
ECLIPSE AND CHILDEE3. 463 
 
 witli light weights, they make faster races than their superiors. 
 This is well understood in England. For example ; Inheritor's 
 reputed race, at three years old, 86 lbs., two miles in 3m. 25. 
 
 Without expressing an opinion relative to the proper consid- 
 eration to he attached to weight, both upon time and the results, 
 two examples will answer the purpose. 
 
 " Glaucus, 5 years old, S stone 7 lbs. — 119 — September, 1835, 
 at Doncaster, beat Muley Moloch, 5 years old, 8 stone 10 lbs., 
 two miles, in 3m. 44s." 
 
 " Muley Moloch, two days before, 8 stone 9 lbs. each, beat 
 Glaucus, the same course and the same distance, in 3m. 40s. 
 
 " These races were timed by an American gentleman." 
 
 "VVe avail ourselves, from the " American Turf Ilegister," — 
 vol. 3, pp. 347, 348, 349 — of the opinion of one of our ablest 
 turf writers — the late Judge Duval, of the IT. S. Supreme Court 
 for the District of Maryland, in which he resided — touching 
 this subject. He says if the accounts of Childers be true, he 
 " must have run nearly half a mile in lour faster than any other 
 horse, Eclipse excepted, which ever ran in England." But he 
 doubts the statement, and points out its absurdity and contra- 
 diction ; concluding with the remark, relative to Childers, 
 " whereas in his fastest race, when he ran four miles in 6m. 48s., 
 he was moving at the rate of little more than 51 feet 9 inches 
 in a second, and at the rate of a mile in Ira. 42s." — Be it ob- 
 served, the fastest mile on record, as having been run in this 
 country, was by ITegira, with catch weight, near ISTew Orleans, 
 in Im. 42^s.^' The Judge adds; — "Eclipse ran at York four- 
 miles in 8m., carrying 12st., 168 lbs., 42 lbs. more than the 
 standard weight at this time. If the calculation of old experi- 
 enced sportsmen, that the addition of seven pounds weight in 
 the rider makes the difference of a distance, which is 240 yards, 
 in a heat of four miles, be correct, then the running by Eclipse, 
 carying 40 lbs. more weight than Childers, will prove that 
 Eclipse was the swiftest animal. If he had carried only 128 lbs. 
 lie would, according to the computation, have run the distance 
 in 93 seconds less than with 168 lbs. ; this would have reduced 
 the time from 8m. to 6m. 27s. Your correspondent entertains 
 the opinion, that if Childers and Eclipse had flourished at the 
 same time, Eclipse would have proved himself superior to Chil- 
 * This cannot be proven. 
 
464 THE nORSE. 
 
 ders in a race of four miles and repeat. Cliilders flourislied in 
 1721-2, Eclipse in 1Y69-T0." — For tlieir memoirs see American 
 Tm-f Register. The Judge concludes ; — " Kext to these cele- 
 brated racers, perhaps Highflyer was the fleetest horse that has 
 been raised in England. As it does not appear that liis run- 
 ning has ever been timed, no opinion approaching to certainty 
 can be hazarded ; but as he beat with ease Dorimant, Shark, 
 Dragon, Dictator, &c., which were among the best horses then 
 on the turf, it may be assumed as a fact, that he was the third 
 horse in speed ever bred in England." 
 
 " It should be recollected that Lath, Babraham, Dismal, 
 Dormouse, Mirza, and Regulus. Avere never beaten. We have 
 no evidence that their running was ever timed." 
 
 According to tlie memoir of Eclipse — from page 541 to p. 
 547, vol. 3, " American Turf Register," — it does not appear that 
 in any of his eighteen races his time was at all noted, excepting 
 at York, at six years old, as above quoted. " In truth, not any 
 horse had a shadow of a chance of winning against Eclipse." 
 On more than one occasion he distanced the whole field, and it 
 appeared he could do so whenever he chose. " He was never 
 beaten, never had a whip flourished over him, or felt the tick- 
 ling of a spur." 
 
 Suppose our turfmen try the experiment of weight, as in the 
 above cases, with their vaunted steeds, and furnish the results 
 for publication. 
 
 Those deemed our best four-mile races are as follows, ar- 
 ranged according to the fastest time ; — 
 
 Lecomte, 3 years 11 months old, carrying 89 lbs., beating 
 Lexington, on the Metairie Course, near New Orleans, in 7ra. 
 26s.— 7m. 38is. 
 
 Fashion, 5 years old 111 lbs., beating Boston, aged, 126 lbs., 
 en the Union Course, near New York city. Long Island, in 7m. 
 32^8.— 7m. 45s. 
 
 Tally-ho, 4 years 6 months old, 104 lbs., on the same course 
 beating Bostona and Free Trade in 7m. 33is.— 7m. 43|s. — 7m. 
 52s. — 8m.l0-2-s. — Free Trade, winner of the first heat, was dis- 
 tanced in the second. 
 
 Eclipse, aged, 126 lbs., beating Henry, 4 years old, 108 lbs., 
 
FAST RACES. 465 
 
 Bame course — Henry winner of the first heat — in Yni. 37|s. — 
 7m. 49s.— Sm. 24s. 
 
 Dick Doty, 4 years 6 months old, 100 lbs., beating Little 
 Flea and others at Lexington, Kentucky, in 7m. 37|s. — 7m. 46|s. 
 
 Red Ej^e, 7 years, 124 lbs., beating Nina, at Broad Rock 
 Course — 100 and more feet over a mile, see late " Spirit," — near 
 Richmond, "Virginia — Nina winning the second heat — in 7m. 
 46— 7m. 46|s.— 7m. 49s. 
 
 Red Eye, aged, 124 lbs., beating One-Eyed Joe — winner of 
 tlie first heat — and Fanny Fern, at Baltimore, in 7m. 43s. — 7m. 
 45s. — 8m. 24s. Red Eye had previously beat Joe in two and 
 three-mile heats. 
 
 It is left for others to draw their own conclusions from the 
 relative ages and weight, as well as the courses, as to the best 
 of these races according to the time made. Boston has won the 
 two fastest four-mile heats at Newmarket, the first heat, in one 
 race, 7m. 50s. ; and the second heat, in the other, 7m. 52s. 
 
 In respect to Tally-ho's race there has been an erroneous 
 statement, no doubt unintentionally, in the reflection on some 
 of " Observer's fast races," as follows ; — " Between Free Trade, 
 Tally-ho, and Bostona, Free Trade won the first heat, and was 
 distanced," — the second. — " Bostona, then, who had not run for 
 the firsts came and won the second, sliowing a falling off" of ten 
 seconds. Li the 7m. 26s. and 7m. 38|s., Lecomte won both." 
 In this extract there is this mistake. Tally-ho won the second 
 heat. As stated at the time, " his is undoubtedly the best race, 
 of four-mile heats that has been run any where ; having run for 
 every heat, and been lapped with the winner the heats he lost ; 
 the falling off was ten seconds between the first and second 
 heat, nine seconds between the second and third." 
 
 To draw correct deductions, it is essential the premises b?. 
 correct. Arguing from the record, " Observer " has sometimes 
 been prophetic in his predictions and opinions. For example, 
 judging from Henry's race with Eclipse, in the then "unprece- 
 dented " and almost incredible time, such as many believed 
 would never have its parallel, " Observer" predicted their time 
 would be surpassed on the same course ; as it has been by 
 Fashion and Boston, and by Tally-ho and Bostona ; and in the 
 Vol. L-30 
 
466 THE H0K8E. 
 
 aggregate, tlioiigli not in the first heat, by Peytona and Fash 
 ion — the last 7m. 39|s.— 7m. 45|s. 
 
 Again, in the 12th volume of the " American Turf Register, 
 for 1841," page 202, '' Observer " wrote ; " for renown, both on 
 the turf and in the stud, in my humble judgment, none but Sir 
 Archy deserves to be regarded as the American Highflyer. 
 It remains to be seen if his incomparable descendant, Boston, as 
 compared with our race-horses of the last twenty years, can in 
 the stud supply Sir Archy's unoccupied place ; and maintain his 
 own renown, and that of his — other — illustrious ancestors, Flo- 
 rizel and Timoleon, that were respectively at the head of our 
 turf; and, excepting himself, as good race-horses as ever run in 
 our country, if not the very best. Boston retires with an unri- 
 valled reputation " — this, be it observed, preceded his covering 
 one season, and being brought again upon the turf, and en- 
 countering Fashion ; — " one, too, much longer enjoyed than by 
 any ' illustrious predecessor.' For years he has defied all op- 
 position at three and four-mile heats. From "his pei-form- 
 ances — as referred — I have but little doubt he might have run 
 his four miles, carrying, too, 126 Ihs., lower down in the thirties 
 than a four-mile heat has ever been achieved in this country. 
 The rate of Im. 53s. a mile would bring out a four-mile heat in 
 Tm. 32." In his subsequent match race with Fashion, coming 
 in lapped with her, the first heat was in Tm. 32^s. ; and it is 
 now believed that when he beat Carter, the heat would have 
 been some seconds faster than that if his competitor had not 
 given up his run at the end of three miles, in 5m. 36s. 
 
 In closing his article in defence of Boston, in reply to " A 
 Young Turfman," Nov. 12th, 1853, " Observer " wrote ; he 
 " has been again fortunate in the prediction that Red Eye and 
 Nina would contribute to the fame of Boston, and that in 
 matches against them, and others of Bostoris get, such as Dick 
 Doty, Lexington, Lecomte, and Arrow, it would be difiicult to 
 find the get of any other famed horse, either a Glencoe, or a 
 Sovereign, to put against the get of Boston." Was that a " crude 
 vaticination," especially as regards Lecomte ? Has not " A 
 Young Turfman " himself adopted the opinion of " Observer " 
 in respect to " Old White-Nose ? " He thinks " there is nothing 
 on record, in this or any other country, to disprove the assertion 
 
LECOMTJfi. 467 
 
 tliat Lecomte's time — Tm. 26s. — 7m. 38|s. — is tlie best ever 
 made at fom- miles, weight for age." He adds; "tliough Le- 
 comte's time be the best on record, we believe few turfites who 
 saw the race doubt his ability to have run the first heat in Tm. 
 24s., and the second in 7m. 35s." This admission, respecting a 
 son of Boston^ is surely creditable to the candor of " A Yount 
 Turfman." 
 
 From the description of him by "Equus," for which you. 
 correspondent feels obliged, it seems Lecomte resembles his sire 
 in form, color, and marks — even the white nose — and a white 
 leg, like his ancestor. Eclipse, to which, by the way, no horse 
 now upon the turf is nearer related — though, in soine respects, 
 smaller than his lineal ancestors, Timoleon and Boston, it seems 
 Lecomte is near the size and dimensions of American Eclipse. 
 
 " According to " Equus," the " average time of each mile of 
 the first heat was Im. 51|s. ; the last two miles of the second 
 heat is 3m. 38|s. ; the three last miles of the first heat \ii 5m. 
 33s. ; the four miles in 7m. 26s. ; and the third mile of the sec- 
 ond heat in Im. 46s. ; " concluding that " the average of the 
 heats beat the fastest time on record, even in a single heat, or 
 a dash of four miles," — " that the last two miles of the last heat 
 has never been beaten but three times, even in races of two-mile 
 heats," — " that the time of the last three miles of the first heat 
 has never been beaten or equalled, even at heats of three miles ; " 
 and that " the seventh mile has never been beaten but three 
 times," — in mile heats — " and then only by half a second — Le- 
 comte himself being one that beat it, beating Conrad the Cor- 
 sair, who subsequently made it in a third heat — Flying Dutch- 
 man being the first horse that ever made it." But does not 
 " Equus " overlook Hegira's mile in Im. 42|s.,* and the recent 
 performances of Charles Ball in Im. 48s. — 1 m. 45|s." " Equus " 
 thinks their time " will never be equalled, unless " these sur- 
 passing sons of Boston, " Lecomte and Lexington, meet again," 
 under similar circumstances ; as in their four-mile race, '* the 
 fastest mile, the fastest two miles, the fastest three miles, and 
 the fastest four miles were made " during the distinguished 
 meetings of " three weeks." They too, " have never been 
 beaten except b-"- each other." 
 
 * See Note * on page 475. 
 
468 TUE HOESE. 
 
 In defining my position, I can subscribe to all tliis ; and 
 that they have run the fastest four miles of any ever run in this 
 country, by six seconds ; and yet think it " questionable " that 
 either of them is " the best horse ever produced in America." 
 To say nothing more of Sir Archy, or their sire Boston — their 
 otlier ancestor, Florizel, like English Eclipse, knew nothing of 
 whip or spur, frequently distancing renowned competitors, and 
 retiring from the turf when no other opponent would meet him ; 
 this, too, in the days of such " cracks " as the Maid of the Oaks, 
 of Post Boy, of First Consul, and of Oscar and others ; not one 
 of them daring to accept a challenge of $10,000 a side. Le- 
 comte's otlier ancestor, Timoleon, was so superior to his contem- 
 poraries. Reality, Lady Lightfoot, and others, in their palmy 
 days, that " the Napoleon of the Turf," the late W. E. Johnson, 
 has said of him : " I have seen him run all the races in Vir- 
 ginia he ever ran ; his performances, from one to four-mile 
 heats, has been such as would do credit to the hest runner in 
 either this country or Europe." To this day, i\\e fastest race of 
 mile heats, at Newmarket, the spring he was three years old, 
 was won by Timoleon in Im, 4:Ts. — Im. 48s., distancing the 
 field the second heat. The preceding day he had won a match 
 race of half a mile. Such authority has weight with " Ob- 
 server." Still he sees no reason why Lecomte and Lexington 
 may not be as far superior to all of the American horses as 
 Childers and Eclipse were reputed to be in England. But he 
 does not perceive that such a proposition is yet proven. 
 
 One of " Observer's " vagaries was shared by Larkin — and 
 he saw the great race between the wonderful sons of Boston — 
 who concludes his statement as follows ; " there is a great di- 
 versity of opinion among all classes of the racing and sporting 
 community in regard to the question of superiorty between the 
 two horses, and if they were started on a match to-morrow, it is 
 very hard to say which would be the favorite." 
 
 Although admitting " they are two of the best horses that 
 ever appeared on the American Turf," west of the Alleghanies ; 
 and that they are now superior to any horse upon the Amer- 
 ican Turf ; yet " Observer," from all he has heard, and for the 
 reasons he has assigned, is not prepared to say that either " Le- 
 comte " or Lexington is " the hest race-horse America has ever 
 
HOESES OF THE OLDEN" TIME. 469 
 
 produced." Some weight having been attached to his opinion, 
 he is induced to repeat this declaration, in thus defining his 
 position. As Brutus said to Cassius, " an older, not a better." 
 " Did /say better ? " Non ego. Obsekver. 
 
 TO "IPSUS, OF ENGLAND. 
 
 The English blood horse was known in Virginia, our ancient 
 dominion, the mother of States, and of our best race-horses 
 formerly — heretofore considered our " race-horse region " — long 
 before any Stud Book appeared in England, the pursuits of the 
 turf having been introduced to Virginia during the reign of the 
 Stuarts ; but, until within a few years, pedigrees, often lost, de- 
 pended, almost wholly, upon the mere certificates of the gen- 
 tlemen of the olden time. Their blood stock originally de- 
 scended from the best of England, the basis of the Virginia 
 race-horse during the days of the Colonial government ; when 
 " Fearnought was the Godolphin Arabian of Virginia," though 
 " Jolly Boger had a prior claim to that distinction," with whose 
 name, and that of Janus, many of our thoroughbred j)edigrees 
 terminate. " The judicious breeders of the present day, when 
 they have the ancient crosses of Fearnought, Joll}^ Boger, Mon- 
 key', Othello, Silver Eye, and Morton's Traveller, in their jjedi- 
 grees, want no other aid of foreign crosses, to insure speed, 
 bottom, lastingness, and ability to carry heavy weights." 
 
 For near a third of a century succeeding the Bevolution that 
 separated the Colonies from Great Britain, the following Eng- 
 lish horses contributed chiefly towards the improvement of the 
 American race-horse — viz., Bedford, Citizen, Clockfast, Dare 
 Devil, Diomed, Gabriel, Medley, Messenger, Saltram, Shark, 
 and Spread Eagle. Other importations during the same period, 
 such as Buzzard, Chance, Clifden, Cormorant, Dragon, Oscar, 
 Precipitate, Sir Harry, Whip, &c., were not equally successful, 
 as stallions, in Virginia. Diomed, Saltram, Sir Harry, and 
 Spread Eagle, it will be remembered, were Derby winners. 
 Buzzard had the first celebrity on the turf and in the stud in 
 England, especially as the lineal ancestor of Selim, Castrel, 
 Saltram, Bay Middleton, the Queen of Trumps, Flying Dutch 
 
470 THE HOESE. 
 
 man, and other cracks, many of them winners of the Derby 
 and of tlie Oaks. Buzzard would be scarcely remembered in 
 American pedigrees but for his son Hephestion, out of Sir 
 Archy's dam, and as the sire to the dam of "Woodpecker, the 
 sire of Grey Eagle. Many of our pedigrees, including that of 
 Grey Eagle, trace to Col. Tasker's Selima, by the Godolphin 
 Arabian, or to Mr. Carter Braxton's Kitty Fisher, by Cade, 
 mares of the first distinction both on our turf and in the stud. 
 
 The excellence of the breed of our race-horses is likely to 
 be perpetuated by the more recent importations of such horses 
 as Priam, Barefoot, Margrave, Kowton, St. Giles, Squirrel — six 
 Derby and St. Leger winners — Zinganee, Leviathan, Glencoe, 
 Trustee, Eiddlesworth, Belshazzar, Sarpedon, Consul, Emanci- 
 pator, Nonplus, Tranby, Cetus, Chateau Margaux, Fylde, Luz- 
 borough, Skylark, Monarch, Sovereign, &c.''"' The last two 
 names are not found in the English Stud Book. The}'' were 
 from the Hampton Court Stud. Monarch, on account of his 
 brilliant turf achievements in South Carolina, winning all his 
 races, is believed to be tlie best son of Priam, out of Delphine, 
 by Whisker ; and Sovereign, by Emilius, out of George lY.'s 
 famous race-mare Fleur-de-Lis, the best race-horse of her day 
 in England. 
 
 The application of the preceding remarks to the origin and 
 blood of our race-horses will be now made to those fast and 
 stout competitors, Boston and Fashion, whose race of four-mile 
 heats is regarded, with us, as among the best on record ; respect- 
 ing which an intelligent commentator, " Larkin," remarks — " In 
 a comparison between Boston and Fashion, under equal circum- 
 stances, the papers are rather against Fashion. "When called 
 on, she could not run a heat in 7.40, with her weight, at eight 
 years old. Boston, when nine years — can-ying 5 lbs. more 
 than Fashion — ran a first heat in T.33, and a second in 7.46. 
 Fashion, the winner of the match race, was five years old, and 
 carried 111 lbs." However, Henry, by Sir Arcliy, dam by 
 Diomed, grandam by Bell Air — son of Medley — when barely 
 four years old, carrying 108 lbs., had the honor to " show the 
 way to the thirties " in his match race with American Eclipse, 
 four-mile heats, run in 7.37| — 7.49. Eclipse, aged, 126 lbs., 
 the winner of the second and third heats, the last in 8.24, was 
 * See Note f on page 475. 
 
THE LAST EACES. 471 
 
 hj the Yirginia-bred Duroc, son of Diomed, dam by English 
 Messenger, out of an English mare, by PotSos, son of Eclipse. 
 Boston's achievements are referred to in the 13th volume 
 of the " American Turf Kegister," thus — " No horse ever had 
 a higher reputation, or sustained it more nobly. His career 
 has been brilliant beyond all comparison ; for years he had no 
 equal, and he leaves behind him no superior. He has started 
 in over forty races, and has won about thirty at four-mile heats 
 alone. He has won in stakes and purses, for his owners, nearly 
 sixty tliousand dollars ; while the amount he has won for his 
 different backers would probably exceed half a million ! " The 
 time of Boston's race with Fashion has never been rivalled, ex- 
 cept by his own offspring — Tally-ho and Bostona on the Union 
 Course, New York State ; Bed Eye and Nina near Bichmond, 
 Virginia; and lately, by Lecomte and Lexington, near New 
 Orleans. 
 
 THE KACING AT NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 EEFLECTIONS OiN' THE LAST RA0E8 OF " THE BEST TIME EVER MADE," AT 
 THEEE AND FOUR-MILE HEATS, "WOX BY SONS OF BOSTON. 
 
 The " record," both as regards the past, and now for the 
 present, puts an end to " tlie Boston controversy." 
 
 The following extracts are made from late New Orleans 
 papers. 
 
 The best thue evek made — Seven minutes and twenty- 
 six seconds. — Lecomte, the Red River horse, now stands the 
 champion of the world; and who is able to tear the laurels 
 from his noble brow ? The fastest time on record was made by 
 Fashion, on the Long Island Course, in 1838, when she beat 
 Boston, the sire of Lecomte, in 7.32^. The next best time was 
 made by George Martin, over a Louisiana course, George Mar- 
 tin ran a heat at New Orleans, in 7.33 ; Miss Foot a second lieat 
 in 7.35. Yesterday's race marks a new era in the turf calendar ; 
 and hereafter when you speak of time, you must say, " fastest 
 time on record." — Lecomte, ly Boston, out of Bed, won a heat 
 on the 8th of April, 1854, over the Metairie Course, State of 
 Louisiana, in 7.2G. 
 
473 THE HORSE. 
 
 The Great Race. — The race of yesterday was the greatest 
 and most brilliant one that has ever occurred in America. The 
 result will produce a profound impression throughout the coun- 
 try. The glories of Eclipse, of Boston, of Fashion, of all the 
 other classic heroes and heroines of the turf, must pale before 
 the glory of the modern champions, who, yesterday, made the 
 most marvellous display of speed on record. Here is feasible 
 proof that this is an age of progress. We have not degene- 
 rated in horse flesh, if we have in a great many other matters. 
 "We, of this much calumniated century and epoch, boldly fling 
 Lexington and Lecomte into the faces of preceding generations, 
 and ask them if they can beat that time — the first four miles in 
 seven minutes twenty- six seconds^ and second heat of four miles 
 in seven mimitcs and thirty-eight and three-qiiarter seconds f 
 Shades of John Eandolph, and "William R. Johnson, and of your 
 contemporaries — who'were so intensely excited by the great con- 
 test between the North and South, when Henry and Eclipse 
 decided a great question of sectional pride — will ye not be 
 startled in your shadowy retreats by the wonderful figures v/hich 
 were yesterday exhibited from the judges' stand on the Metairie ? 
 "Where now is the great time of Boston and Fashion, 7.32J ; of 
 George Martin, 7.33, and Miss Foot, 7.35 ; of Grey Medoc, 7.35, 
 over a better track than the Metairie presented yesterday ? 
 
 It was a beautiful race from the start. The great display of 
 Lexington on Saturday, when he so easily beat a horse which 
 came to this city with more reputation than any horse in the 
 United States enjoyed, had made him a general favorite, Tlie 
 bets were on him against the field, and, in many cases, two to 
 one were ventured on him against Lecomte ; Eeube was but 
 little regarded, and was thrown in, to take the chances of any 
 accidents, or in case that three heats were run. with a hope 
 that his endurance might tell in so long a stretch. The contest 
 was a noble and close one between Boston's two gallant colts. 
 
 In the first heat they ran regularly, Lecomte a few lengths 
 ahead all through, and winning the heat in 7.26. After this 
 the bets were decidedly in his favor, two and even three to one. 
 Tlie second heat was a varied and most exciting contest. Lex- 
 ington got the start, and kept it until the second mile, when 
 they closed in the quarter stretch ; after a prodigious struggle, 
 
lecomte's race. 473 
 
 Lecomte sliot ahead, and continued gaining, until half way in 
 the third mile, a formidable gap was made between them, pro- 
 ducing serious apprehensions that it would be a contest between 
 Lexington and Keube, which should be worse distanced. But 
 suddenly Lexington gathered himself up, and putting out all 
 his power, closed upon Lecomte, and in the last mile the strug- 
 gle became a very close and intensely exciting one, Lecomte 
 comino; in about a length or so ahead of his rival. 
 
 The enthusiasm and hurrahs of the multitude at the termi- 
 nation of the race denoted not so much the general satisfaction 
 in the victory of Lecomte, as in the brilliant character of the 
 contest, and the splendid achievements of both horses. Two 
 more equal champions could not be pitted against each other. 
 The old Boston blood is conspicuous in both ; they are the no- 
 blest living representatives of the numerous progeny of that 
 noble old patriarch of the turf in the United States. Much 
 is due, no doubt, to the fine training of these two splendid 
 horses, under the direction of Colonel Bingaman and General 
 Wells, in whose stables Lecomte and Lexington have been 
 trained, and who, with Messrs. Kenner, Minor, and other plant- 
 ers of Louisiana and Mississippi, gave more attention to the 
 care and training of their fine bloods than any other gentlemen 
 in the United States. The Boston blood is pretty certain to 
 display its excellence. Louisiana may now boast of having the 
 two fastest and greatest horses in America, or that ever ap- 
 peared on the turf in this country. 
 
 Far be it from one who entered the arena in defence of Bos- 
 ton, his blood, and his progeny, to detract at all from the fame 
 of " Lecomte, by Boston, out of Reel " — the winner, last year, 
 of mile heats in the fastest time on our record, and also on the 
 Metairie Course, in 1.45^ — 1.48^, and without being urged at 
 all — or to question that he has run four miles, and fonr-mile 
 heats, " in the fastest time on record ; " yet, before the conclu- 
 sion is admitted, that Lecomte's is the '■'■lest race" that has 
 been run in America, or that he " stands proudly before tho 
 world as the best race-horse ever produced on the turf," the re- 
 cord should be consulted in respect to some other races, as run 
 by Fashion and Boston, Tally-ho and Bostona, Bed Eye and 
 
474 THE HORSE. 
 
 Nina, and vy Eclipse and Henry. It will be discovered, espe- 
 cially at the most northern course, " The Union," near the city 
 of New York, that more weight was carried for age, and for 
 colts, too, nearly of the same age, and that there was a shorter 
 interval between the heats in tliose races than in Lecomte's — con- 
 siderations that may fully compensate for the difterence in the 
 time as made at the Union and the Metairie Course. We will 
 now pass by those — until now the fastest on record — to the ear- 
 lier achievement of Henry, son of Sir Archy, as compared with 
 that of Lecomte. At the time of each race, there was scarcely 
 a month's difference in their ages, if as much. Henry, as a 
 four-year-old, in May, carried 108 lbs. Lecomte, as a three- 
 year-old, in April, 86 lbs. Had Henry's been in April, as a 
 three-year-old, instead of May, as a four-year-old, witli the dif- 
 ference of weight, who can doubt that he would have beat 
 Eclipse? Non ego. Let Lecomte take up 108 lbs. Who can 
 doubt that he cannot come within ten seconds of his late race ? 
 Non ego. Reube, of the age, but not with quite the weight of 
 Eclipse, ran in as good time as Eclipse, in his great race. 
 " Keube's time, the first heat, Y.37," and, in the second heat, 
 was about equal to Eclipse's 7.49, although the red flag was 
 shaken in the face of Reube.* But, in four-mile heats, at the 
 Union, the interval between the heats is thirty minutes, whereas, 
 at the Metairie, it is 45 minutes. 
 
 Let the rules of the Union Course be applied, at the Me- 
 tairie, to Lecomte, and it is very questionable, at least such is 
 the opinion of some, whether Lecomte will do better than 
 Henry, with the weight he carried when of the same age ; and 
 it is hardly to be expected from Lecomte, that, at nine years 
 old, he can take up Boston's weight — 126 lbs. — as carried in his 
 match race with Fashion, and that the son should then surpass 
 the achievement of the sire. Until these things are done, the 
 writer questions the justice of the claim for Lecomte, brilliant as 
 his achievement is — first heat of four miles in 7.26 ; second 
 heat, 7.38f ; the third mile of the last heat in 1.46, and the last 
 two miles in 3.38f ! — that he is " the l)est race-horse ever pro- 
 duced " in America, to say nothing about England. Boston's 
 name must still stand " foremost on the file." 
 
 YoJir correspondent, Mr. " Spirit," is neither " a prophet nor 
 * Reube never ran a heat in 7.37. — Ed. 
 
OBSERVEE. 475 
 
 a son of a prophet," yet he has been singularly fortunate, as 
 you may recollect, in some of his vaticinations — not only about 
 "Boston and his get," but in one of them — as on another occa- 
 sion — having actually j9^(2C^(i Lexington, Lecomte, and High- 
 lander, as in the great stake race, remarking, however, in 
 another article, that, judging from the blood and performances 
 of Lecomte, he thought it " not unlikely " he would win, having 
 years ago predicted in the " Spirit," loug before it was accom- 
 plished, that the day would come when the time of Eclipse and 
 Henry would be beat at the Union. Subsequent events speak 
 for themselves. 
 
 However, it is undeniable that Lecomte has run the fastest 
 four miles on our record, and it may be questionable if it can 
 be surpassed by any horse in the country with a feather. At 
 three-mile heats. Arrow, another son of Boston, has surj)assed, 
 in like manner, the time of all other races at that distance, in 
 accomplishing 5.33|— 5.36 — 5.43|. Blonde may yet prove "an 
 ugly customer " to Lecomte, having beaten with ease, in nearly 
 as good time, the competitor of i\.rrow, in the last fast race. 
 
 Instead of speculations, amateurs at a distance from Louis- 
 iana would be more gratified in learning oi facts connected with 
 cracks ; besides all the minutiae of their exploits and blood, to 
 have descriptions of the horses themselves — their size, color, 
 beauty, form, points, &c. Obsekvek. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 467.) Hegira never ran a mile in 1.42^. She ran two miles, witli feather 
 weight, in 3.34^. 
 
 f (P. 4*70.) Monarch and Sovereign are not to be found named in the Engli.sh 
 Stud, but the years of their foaling, 1834 and '36, with the color of the colts, and 
 a note stating, can be found under the produce of their respective dams, Dolphine 
 and Fleur-de-Lis. See English Stud-Book, vol. 4, pages 117 and 168. 
 
THE TRUE UTILITY 
 
 OF THE THOROUGHBRED RACE-HORSE. 
 
 If the advantage to be derived from the thoroughbred horse 
 depended on no more than his applicability to the turf and his 
 fitness for racing purposes, I should not have assigned to him the 
 prominent place, which he occupies in this work. 
 
 In fact, the race-course was not, in the beginning, so much 
 as thought of as a scene for the display of his high qualities ; 
 much less was racing considered as an end, for which the 
 Eastern horse was imported into Europe, by our ancestors. 
 
 It was for the improvement of the native stock of horses, in 
 the various European kingdoms, by giving to them speed and 
 endurance, in which points no other breed can compare with 
 them, that the Asiatic and !North- African horse was so eagerly 
 sought by the monarchs, especially of England, during the 
 seventeenth, and the early part of the eighteenth century. 
 
 At first, the race-course was resorted to, solely, as a method 
 of testing the prevalence or superiority, in certain animals or 
 breeds of animals, of those qualities of speed and endurance, 
 which can, by no other known method, be so completely, so 
 accurately and so fairly brought to the test. 
 
 Soon after the introduction of the thoroughbred-horse, this 
 process of testing his qualities grew into a favorite sport with 
 all classes of persons in England. Race courses multiplied, 
 throughout the kingdom, and racing became an established na- 
 tional institution. 
 
 Thenceforth, in some degree, the objects of the possessors 
 
OBJECT OF RACING. 477 
 
 and breeders of race-liorses underwent a change ; and what had 
 been the means became more or less the end. Horses, in a 
 high form, of the purest and most favorite strains of blood, were 
 eagerly sought, and commanded large prices, for the purposes 
 of sport and honorable competition, as was the case in ancient 
 Greece, at the period of the Olympic games. 
 
 At a yet later date, a second change of object has taken place ; 
 and, with but few exceptions, the thoroughbred horse is now 
 kept, both in England and this country, for the paramount pur- 
 poses of money-making, either by the actual winning of his 
 prizes, or by his services in the stud, after his racing career is 
 finished ; for either, or both, of which objects, the highest 
 development of the two qualities of speed and endurance — 
 wliich can only exist in conjunction with thorough blood — 
 coupled with form and size, are absolutely required. 
 
 Still, in England, especially, tlie first end of improving the 
 breed of the general hoi'se, has never been lost sight of ; and 
 racing has been always so constantly regarded, as the only me- 
 thod of inducing the maintenance of studs of thoroughbreds, 
 and the continuance of a supply of pure blood, that it has been 
 continually supported by government, as a national institution ; 
 and benefit-prizes, varying in amount from 250 to 500 dollars, 
 have been given to be run for, annually, or biennially, at many 
 establislied race-courses, in every county of England, to the 
 aggregate of many thousand pounds sterling. 
 
 Kacing and race-courses, therefore, are still, as they were 
 intended to be from the first, the best and only mode of really 
 improving the general stock of any country ; although the ani- 
 mals employed may be kept, merely, or generally, for the 
 gratification of cupidity and the excitement of the contest — the 
 race-courses patronized only by the seekers of an amusement, 
 in whicli none but fools and fanatics can find any thing, intrin- 
 sically, blamable or demoralizing. If it be admitted that 
 racing and i-ace-courses are subject to occasional abuses, that is 
 only to admit them not to be exempt from a necessary condi- 
 tion of every thing human, not excluding religion itself. That 
 they are peculiarly, or more than other institutions, involving 
 large congregations of men and women, subject to such abuses, 
 is, in no respect, demonstrable or true ; and I will defy any 
 
478 THE HORSE. 
 
 person who has ever witnessed a general training in the stea- 
 diest and most straitlaced of the New England States, or a 
 camp-meeting, any where, to say that he has not been directly 
 cognizant of more gross immorality at either of these, than he 
 ever beheld on a regularly established race-course. 
 
 Two charges, especially, of gambling and of cruelty, have 
 been brought against racing and race-courses, both charges 
 irrationally and unjustly ; although most of the State Legislatures 
 of America — which seem to have an especial mission for legislat- 
 ing about every thing which ought to be let alone, and for 
 letting alone every thing which ought to be the subject of legis- 
 lation — have assumed the right of passing judgment, on both 
 these charges ; and prohibiting, or to the utmost discouraging 
 a noble sport, directly tending to the improvement of tlie first 
 and most valuable domestic animal, and the development of 
 the wealth, the resources and the power of the nation, and the 
 manhood of its urban and rural population. 
 
 The first charge is false, as belonging particularly to racing, 
 or being especially stimulated by it. 
 
 Men, it is well known, who wish to gamble, will gamble, on 
 any tiling or nothing. They may certainly bet on horses run- 
 ning on the track, and do so — but they bet also on every ath- 
 letic game ; on many scientific games, in which chance has no 
 perceptible influence ; on their own powers ; on elections ; on 
 casual events ; on drawing long straws ; on the running of wa- 
 ter drops dovm a window pane. 
 
 I have never heard it proposed to put an end to elections, 
 because men sometimes bet on them, although betting, in such 
 cases, is not merely gambling, but barefaced bribery of the 
 worst kind, and as such intended — yet it would scarcely be more 
 absurd to prohibit elections, than to prohibit contests of run7iing 
 horses — while contests of trotting horses, involving worse and 
 more fraudulent gambling, fourfold cruelty, and infinitely more 
 disorderly assemblages, are freely permitted — for the alleged 
 reasons. 
 
 As to the allegation of cruelty, it is palpably childish, ab- 
 surd, and — it is not too much to saj— false in the knowledge of 
 those who make the charge. I have been an habitual attend- 
 ant at all the principal race-courses of my native land, and of 
 
RACING NOT CRUEL. 479 
 
 tliis country, since I was a boy of fourteen years, and I can af- 
 firm that I never saw a single case of a horse cruelly overworked, 
 to dire extremity, exhaustion, or death on a jDublic established 
 race-course, in my life ; nor a single instance of a horse barba- 
 rously and unmercifully punished, in order to force him to exert 
 himself, a moment after it was notorious that he was doing his 
 utmost. 
 
 I utterly disbelieve that any one else ever saw either thing — 
 unless in the instance of some most rare and almost impossible 
 exception. No concourse of jDCople would endure the spec- 
 tacle — no owner of a horse, for his own sake, would ever al- 
 low a jockey to ride again, Avho punished his horse brutally and 
 needlessly, for reasons which are obvious. 
 
 Tliere is more cruelty practised on the roads, and on trotting 
 courses, daily, in matching horses against time, and over-driving 
 them against one another, than there is yearly on all the race- 
 courses in the world. 
 
 I know no case, and I doubt if one ever occurred, of a race- 
 horse being ridden to death, on an established race-course. 
 There is scarce a year on which two or three trotters are not 
 driven or ridden to death in time matches, on the track or on 
 the road — not a day in which twenty wretched hacks and omni- 
 bus horses are not worked and flogged to death, on the roads 
 and streets of every large city in the United States. And it is 
 safe to assert, that there is more barbarous, wanton, and profit- 
 less torture of punishment inflicted on draft horses, every day, 
 in every capital city whatsoever than in the course of a year on 
 every race-course in the known world. 
 
 And these facts are, or ought to be, very well known to the 
 sleek, legislatorial pharisees, who annually prohibit racing, 
 not — as Macaulay well observed of the Puritans in regard to 
 bear-baiting — not because racing gives j^ain to the horses, but 
 because it gives pleasure to the people who uphold it. 
 
 The prices of racers, of high blood and in a high form, as a 
 first condition, and the secondary expenses of keeping up an 
 establishment for the purpose of breeding, conditioning, and 
 maintaining large studs of thoroughbreds, are so great, that the 
 possession of such establishments is necessarily limited, in all 
 countries, to the wealthiest classes ; and is yet farther confined, 
 
480 THE HORSE, 
 
 in America, by the necessity tliat race-liorse proprietors must, 
 almost as a sine quanon, be country gentlemen, as opposed to 
 the dwellers of cities ; which is not at present usually the case 
 with the wealthiest, except in the Southern States. 
 
 The profits derivable from the mere service of stallions are 
 so small, and the comparative want of use for mares and lillies 
 of thorough-blood, except for turf-purposes and for becoming 
 the progenitrixes of racers, renders them so unsalable for gen- 
 eral objects, that no one would dream of keeping blood-stock, 
 which he would necessarily do at a loss, were he not allowed 
 to remunerate himself, either by his winnings, or — what is the 
 same thing — his hopes of winning on the turf, or by the plea- 
 sure and pride he takes in the performances and triumphs of 
 his animals. 
 
 This he can do only by means of racing and race-courses. 
 And it is idle to talk of any considerable number of men of 
 wealth, incurring great expenses, involving considerable per- 
 sonal trouble, from purely patriotic motives, in order to confer 
 benefits on a country wdiicli does not appreciate those motives, 
 and on a population which does all in its power to discourage 
 their pursuit, and to thwart their efforts. 
 
 In times of public peril and emergency, men will often make 
 heavy sacrifices, and devote even life itself for the public good — 
 although, even in such cases, it may be doubted whether the 
 craving for renown be not as much the incentive to the deed 
 as the desire of promoting the common weal. But it is, I pre- 
 sume, unheard of, that any large class of persons, under no ur- 
 gency of state requirements, has ever, from mere prospective mo- 
 tives of patriotic well-doing to future generations, largely ex- 
 pended their means, their time and their talents, in order to 
 produce results which they can never hope to see, and which, 
 if they could, by no possibility could repay to them a tithe 
 or a hundredth of their outlay. 
 
 The alternative, therefore, is indisputably this. Either race- 
 courses and established racing, or no blood stables and thorough- 
 bred stock in the land. 
 
 The question, Shall there be race-courses, or shall they bo 
 proscribed as nuisances ? must be answered, then, according to 
 the degree of utility which can be shown to be derivable from 
 
PUKE BLOOD. 481 
 
 the raaintenance of a continued line of blood families, sufficient 
 to supply stallions of first-rate qualities, to serve as progenitors 
 to mares of all classes, and as the parents of half-bred, two-thirds 
 bred, and yet more highly descended stock. 
 
 It is an unquestionable fact, that, on the Turf, nothing but 
 what are admitted thoroughbreds can contend, with the slight- 
 est hope of success, against thoroughbreds, even with any advan- 
 tage of weights, short of loading down the pure-blooded animal, 
 so that he should be unable to gallop. 
 
 In the hunting-field, which is the next trial in severity to a 
 race-course, no partlj'-bred horse can by any possibility stay the 
 distance, when hounds are running the pace, alongside of a tho- 
 roughbred, equal to the weight he is called upon to carry, 
 through deep ground and over fences. 
 
 The difiiculty of obtaining thoroughbreds equal to the enor- 
 mous weights hunters are called upon to carry — varying from 
 13 to 17 stone, horseman's weight, viz., from 182 to 238 lbs.* — 
 running over all inequalities of ground, with the plough-lands 
 or turf often fetlock deep, and taking on an average six leaps, 
 four feet and a half and upward in height, and twenty in extent, 
 to the mile, at distances of six to twelve miles, and at the rate 
 of twelve miles in the hour ; and the consequently enormous 
 prices, commanded by horses of pure blood, with sufiicient bone, 
 height, and reach, compel the use of part-bred horses for what 
 are called welter weights, except in the flying grass countries, 
 where nothing but thorough blood can do the thing quite well, 
 and where, consequently, none but very rich men can pretend 
 to hunt, if they ride heavy, and desire to ride in front. 
 
 Part-bred horses of four or five crosses are those, then, which 
 are in most request for very heavy men in ordinary hunting 
 countries ; while for light weights of 10, 11, and 12 stone 
 
 * That my readers may not suspect me of exaggeration, I would say that there 
 were going, at the same time, with the Quorndon Hounds, in Leicestershire, at least 
 twenty men above the lowest weights specified ; and at least a dozen, of whom I 
 might name Lord Alvanley, Sir Harry Goodricke, Valentine Magher, Sir Richard 
 Musgrave, Campbell of Saddell, and, occasionally, Dick Gurney — he twenty stone, 
 or 280 pounds — above the highest weight I have named. All these men rode quite 
 up to the hounds, and if not on perfect thoroughbreds, never on horses with lesa 
 than five or six pure crosses. 
 Vol. I.— 31 
 
482 THE HORSE. 
 
 weiglit — 140, 154, and 168 pounds, respectively — three parts, 
 two parts, and even half-bred horses are used in the plough 
 countries, by men who cannot afford to go the figure for blood. 
 But there is no such thing known as a horse got by a half-bred 
 horse, even out of a fall-blooded mare, ever commanding a price, 
 or going the pace, not quite, but even pretty, well, across a 
 country. 
 
 For the hunter, therefore, in all recent times, since hounds 
 run, or almost fly, instead of trailing along on a slow scent, the 
 highest attainable degree of blood is desirable. 
 
 At maximum prices, any man of any weight, who can pre- 
 tend to ride at all to hounds, if he choose to pay those prices, 
 can be carried up to hounds on thoroughbreds. 
 
 And as to the idea of any man ever complaining that his 
 hunter is too thoroughbred, I can only compare it to his com- 
 plaining that his wife is too pretty. 
 
 It may be replied, that as, in America, we have no fox- 
 hunting as a national sport, we, of course, need no hunters, 
 more than we do racers ; that hunting and racing are the amuse- 
 ments of the wealthy and privileged classes, only — are of no 
 practical utility, and therefore, so far from being encouraged, 
 ought actually to be discouraged. 
 
 For such balderdash, as even this, is unblushingly thrust upon 
 the reluctant ears of men of common sense, by the blatant beasts 
 vt^ho bellow their practical utilitarianism into the bedimmed and 
 bedeafened brains of the groundlings. Nay, I have seen it pro- 
 mulgated of late by the ignorant fanatics, who are roused into 
 ludicrous frenzy by their perception of the returning sanity of 
 the masses, as evidenced by the favor with which the trials of 
 speed have been received at the agricultural exhibitions, in all 
 parts of the United States, that .speed is a quality of no possible 
 advantage or utility in a horse. 
 
 One would rejoice to learn what might be deemed an advan- 
 tage to the noble quadruped, speed being, doubtless, admitted 
 to lie a high quality in a cow, as giving milk has long been 
 known to be the peculiar excellence of a pigeon. On the whole, 
 perhaps, the horse himself is decided to be of no practical utiL 
 ity, and therefore to be dispensed with ; in which case my argu- 
 ments may be dispensed with also ; but until that shall be 
 
FAST COACHING. 483 
 
 determined, I shall endeavor to sliow, that as a part-bred horse 
 is the best general hunter, so is he, in a greater or less degree, 
 according to the greater or less proportions of pure with cold 
 blood, the best for all kinds of work, unless it be for draught of 
 enormous burdens at a foot's pace. In the old days of English 
 coaching, before the provinces of England were intersected by a 
 network of iron rails, and hissing locomotives whirled their pas- 
 sengers from Land's End to John o' Groat's, measuring their 
 miles by minutes, speed was a desideratum in coaches ; and, as 
 coaches were then drawn by horses only, it was not wholly 
 useless in a horse. 
 
 In those days, the speed of the crack coaches, such as on the 
 short roads, the Cambridge Star and Fly, the Brighton Age, the 
 Portsmouth Telegraph, and on the long roads, the Leeds Rock- 
 ingham and York Highflyer, carrying twelve outside and four 
 inside passengers, in addition to the guard and coachman, and 
 from half a ton to a ton and a half of baggage, was about fifteen 
 miles, or from that to seventeen miles, an hour. I have repeat- 
 edly travelled on either of the two Cambridge coaches, the 
 whole distance to London — fifty-two miles — within three hours, 
 including stoppages ; and I once travelled on the Leeds Rock- 
 ingham, when that coach and the York Highflyer were running 
 opposition, from that city to London — two hundred and one 
 miles — in thirteen hours and thirty-five minutes, including all 
 stoppages, part of the journey being night work. 
 
 Now, what were the horses by which these feats were ac- 
 complished, each team doing its distance, varying from six to 
 nine miles, up tlie road and back, once each day, Sundays ex- 
 cepted, unless in the case of accident, or unusually severe and 
 heavy roads ? 
 
 The question is answered in a moment. Four-fifths of all 
 the teams were broken-down thoroughbreds, and the remaining 
 one-fifth nearly pure-blooded hunters — all of them horses which 
 had either gone slightly amiss, so as to be thrown out of their 
 original emi3loyment, or had, in the first instance, been unfit, 
 owing to want of speed or some unsoundness of wind or limb, 
 for the course or the field. Nothing but these could have done 
 it, once. The pace would have killed them the first day ; or if 
 it had not done so, they could not have come again in a week. 
 
484 THE HORSE. 
 
 These game animals, supported by their blood alone, and the 
 iron hardness peculiar to the bones and muscles of tlioroughbreds 
 — many of them, the leaders especially, little weedy-looking 
 screws — did it, day after day, at a rattling gallop, except now 
 and then up some unusually steep ascent, when they were pulled 
 into a trot, comparatively uninjured. They were, of course, 
 well fed, well groomed, well housed, and well driven ; and by 
 well, I mean not only bountifully and carefully, but judiciously. 
 But there was the daily distance to be done ; it had to be done, 
 and it was done, in spite of roads or weather — unless it w^ere 
 floods or snowdrifts — and I have often seen them so little the 
 worse for the rating gallop of seven or eight miles in five 
 and twenty minutes, with three or four tons at their heels, that 
 they would bite at one another in play, wdien unhitched, and 
 canter oflf to the stables with all their harness rattling aboitt 
 them, before the new team was in their places. 
 
 That speed the people demanded, at that time ; and it had 
 to be effected — that it was eftectcd, was the consequence of 
 there being thoroughbreds in England, sufiiciently numerous 
 and sufficiently cheap to be applied to coaching purposes. 
 
 It is useless to decry the advantages of speedy travel, in 
 these days, when men will travel, at the risk of incurring actual 
 peril of life and limb — if they travel far and frequently — equal 
 to that faced b}^ a soldier in active service, in the fastest and 
 most insecure of railroads and steamboats. And it is just as 
 absurd to decry the utility of speed in horse-flesh, which is 
 not incompatible with perfect security, as it were to maintain 
 that slow trains are perferable to fast ones, and that it is better 
 to cross the Atlantic in thirty days than in ten or eleven. 
 
 For if it be as good, or better, it is evident that people will 
 not do it. 
 
 And just as well may we expect a traveller purposely to se- 
 lect a slow steamer for an ocean transit, as to drive a slow horse 
 and a bad traveller, when he can drive or ride one that rattles 
 him off his fourteen or sixteen miles in an hour, with ease to 
 himself, and pleasure to his owner. 
 
 It is a utilitarian maxim of the age tlicit time is money ; a 
 maxim wdiich we hear most earnestly insisted on by the anti- 
 race-horse, anti-trial- of-speed, anti-every-sort-of-amusement pha- 
 
SPEED IS MONEY. 485 
 
 risees, with wliom money is not only the greatest, but the only, 
 good. 
 
 Now it cannot be denied, that, in a far more matter of fact 
 sense, than that in which time is said to be money, because out 
 of time we may, or may not, according to our own abilities and 
 other contingencies, make money, fast horses really are true, 
 hard money. For in the exact ratio of their speed, other things 
 being equal, will they command cash down. 
 
 Whether it be right or wrong, wise or unwise in the world, 
 that it should be so, so it is ; and so long as the world will give 
 large prices for fast horses, that can make the time, and stay the 
 distance, so long do we opine that farmers, in general, and 
 horse-breeding farmers, in particular, will judge it to be for 
 their advantage to have their road-mare, if they keep one, or 
 their plough-mare, if they do not, of a likely kind to drop a 
 fast, well-shaped, enduring foal — in case they take a notion to 
 throw her out of work for a while, and see if they can't get a 
 clever colt out of her — will judge it to be for their advantage 
 to stint her to a horse, which has shown himself by proof of 
 trial, to be a sure getter of fast, hardy, and sound ones — even 
 if he have to pay a handful of dollars for his service, more than 
 for that of some loggy, lazy, swill-fattened drayhorse ; — and will 
 judge it to be immensely to his advantage, if he find himself, 
 at the end of three or four years, the owner of a young one, 
 which realizes him eight hundred or a thousand, because he can 
 go away down in the thirties, or half as much again, because 
 he has the style, pace, action and speed to make a general offi- 
 cer's battle-charger, or a match for a pair of round-steppers, 
 which, together, will command three or four thousand, from a 
 city- dealer — Neighbor No-advantage-in-speed-Sour-Grapes, to 
 the contrary notwithstanding. 
 
 Now to the production of the animals of the types I de- 
 scribe — I care not which of them — the blood sire is a requisite. 
 And the better blood, the better I mean, for its proved trans- 
 mission of speed and lasting, and the more of it, the better 
 will be the foal ; whether he turn out a trotter, a charger, a 
 hunter, a roadster, a carriage horse, or a mere machineer. 
 
 In whichever of these capacities he is fitted by his strength, 
 size, weight, bone, show, speed, carriage, and action to excel, 
 
486 THE HORSE. 
 
 rest assured beyond the possibility of a mistake, that the com- 
 petitor, who is precisely his equal in every other respect, but 
 his inferior in blood, he will beat in lasting, in coming again, 
 and in endurance of punishment, by exactly so much as he does 
 excel him in blood. 
 
 Nay ! if he have very long to last, and very often to come 
 again, particularly at high weights, and in distress, he may 
 safely allow him the advantage of a very superior turn of speed. 
 And those lovers and admirers of the trotting horse, and depre- 
 ciators of the race horse, as if he were a mere toy of luxury 
 and idleness, an inciter to vain display, and an accomplice in 
 sin and scandal, tacitly admit his immeasurable superiority as 
 a progenitor, by the pains they take — wherever there is the 
 shadow of foundation for such a pretence — to prove that the 
 trotter is thoroughbred himself, or at least the product of three 
 or four pure crosses. 
 
 For they well know that being shown fast^ in his own per- 
 formnnce, and in his blood indisputably of high thorough strain, 
 his value is multiplied tenfold. Such descent is all but a guar- 
 antee that, whatever else he may turn out, he will not turn out 
 a flincher or a dunghill. 
 
 Pedigrees of trotters are rarely to be ascertained, or even 
 approximated, since they have for the most part passed through 
 many hands, and are no longer young, before their powers are 
 discovered — when it is too late to inquire. Still, it is known 
 that many, and, for every reason, suspected that more of the 
 best performers have been nearly if not quite thoroughbred. 
 
 Of this, however, I am prepared to treat more fully, when 
 I come to speak of trotters and the trotting turf, the reason of 
 their superior excellence and frequency in the United States, 
 and of their rarity and inferior speed in Great Britain. 
 
 There is yet one branch of horse-breeding to be named, and 
 that, perhaps, the most important in a national point of view. 
 I mean the breeding of horses for mounting the cavalry service ; 
 and in none is the use of the thoroughbred stallion, as a sire, so 
 manifest as in this. 
 
 The requirements of cavalry service, in modern armies, are 
 twofold — the first, outpost duty, making reconnoissances of 
 wide tracts of country, and skirmishing — the second, charging 
 
CAVALKT. 487 
 
 solid masses, whether of infantry or horse, at speed, in the 
 actual shock of battle. For the first of these duties, activity, 
 rather than speed, quickness, hardness, and endurance, are the 
 essential qualifications — for the second, the union of the maxi- 
 mum of speed with the maximum of the weight-carrying 
 capacity. 
 
 In the charge of cavalry the measure of the impetus, or 
 momentum, of the attacking body, is that of the weight multi- 
 plied by that of the velocity of the impinging body. 
 
 It is evident, therefore, that the heavier the body which can 
 be propelled at a given rate against a lighter body, going at the 
 same rate — or the greater the speed at which any given body 
 can be propelled against an equal body moving at inferior 
 speed — the more powerful and certain the eifect of the charge. 
 
 In a word, the problem given to be answered is, how to 
 propel the maximum weight at the maximum speed ? 
 
 The weight of an English trooper fully accoutred and in 
 heavy marching order, is prodigious ; that of a hussar or light 
 dragoon, averaging eighteen stone, or 250 lbs. ; that of a heavy 
 dragoon, twenty stone, or 280 lbs. ; and that of a life-guardsman, 
 or cuirassier, twenty-two stone, or 308 lbs. 
 
 Great power is of course required to mount these ponderous 
 masses, but great speed is also required to move them ; for 
 unless they can be launched at a tremendous rate, all the 
 horses being so equal in their pace and stride that the line is 
 kept perfectly dressed, and even, to the moment when the shock 
 is to be given, the charge is a failure. 
 
 To attain this power of immense speed for a short time under 
 a crushing weight, in the actual charge, and to combine with it 
 the power of staying long distances, coming again quickly, 
 moving actively, and enduring severe distress, nothing but the 
 highest possible degree of blood that can be combined with bone, 
 size, shape and action sufficient to endure such weights, and all 
 this capable of being furnished at a possible price, can succeed. 
 This can be, and is attained by the crossing choice blood stal- 
 lions of the proper build and style on properly selected mares, 
 to the second or third generation. The light brigade of Lord 
 Cardigan, which made that prodigious charge and retreat, each 
 of a mile and a half, was mounted on three parts blood-Iiorses. 
 
488 THE HOKSE. 
 
 It is safe to assert that, had they been half-breds, not one hoi'se 
 would liave got back into the British lines ; had they possessed 
 no blood at all, they would all have stood still before they 
 reached the Russian batteries. 
 
 The heavy brigade of Brig. Gen. Scarlet, which rode through 
 the Russian troopers in fourfold force, as if they had been lines 
 of pasteboard, were mounted on chargers having two crosses of 
 pure blood, or as nearly so as possible. 
 
 Nothing but blood could have accomplished either feat. 
 
 And it is well to remember that, when cavalry meets cavalry 
 in the deadly shock, both being equally brave and equally well 
 led, that cavalry, which is horsed on chargers of the same 
 weight, but of inferior blood and stride, must go down like 
 grass before the scythe. 
 
 This is the pride and triumph of blood, that it can do every 
 thing, for which it is intended, quite well, and that nothing else 
 can do so ; with the exception of pulling tons of weight at a foot's 
 pace ; and I have seen blood horses which could have done that 
 too, had they been put to it ; one in particular, a gigantic stal- 
 lion, named Belshazzar, which stood for country mares in the 
 West Riding of Yorkshire, in about the year 1830. He was 
 above seventeen hands high, and as large boned and generally 
 powerful as any Conestoga horse I have since beheld. 
 
 The true utility of the thoroughbred horse, therefore, is the 
 raising the standard of speed, spirit and endurance, which are 
 hloodi in horses for all purposes, the road, the hunting field, the 
 shock of the battle, for pomp, for speed, for courage, for true 
 service. 
 
 AVoe to the country which, aspiring to equestrian fame, relies 
 on any blood but that, or any mode of maintaining that, at its 
 acme, but the assiduous encouragement and patronage of the 
 race-horse and the turf. 
 
 It was thus that England won, centuries ago, her admitted 
 invincibility, her immeasureable superiority over all European 
 nations in her breed of horses ; not of one, but of all castes ; not 
 for one use, but for all conceivable purposes ; thus, that she 
 has preserved her prestige unaltered. 
 
 It is thus that we, following her example, can show one 
 
THE ENGLISH HOESE. 489 
 
 country, the only one on earth to which it has been introduced, 
 in which tlie English horse has not degenerated. 
 
 In every respect, at least, we stand equal to the mother 
 country in her boasted equestrian glories ; in one particular, our 
 trotting turf, and the consequence thereof, our light, active, hardy 
 roadsters, we avowedly surpass her. With her hunters and 
 steeple-chasers we have not, nor are like to have, any competi- 
 tion ; but it is probable that, before these lines shall have been 
 converted from manuscrijDt to type, the palm of the modern 
 turf may have been lost and won. 
 
 All this, however, we have accomplished by cherishing what 
 we have got from her, alone of nations, the pure blood of our 
 thoroughbreds. If we lose that by our own neglect, or throw it 
 away, in obedience to the folly of fanatical pharisees, it will be onr 
 own fault ; and a fault which will deserve contempt, not pity ; 
 committing which, we shall merit alike and receive the ridicule 
 of all foreign nations, and the reprobation of our own people, 
 before the birth of a second, much less a third, generation. 
 
ESSENTIAL POmTS 
 
 IN THE THOROUGHBRED HORSE FOR RACING PURPOSES. 
 
 In the following description, the points of the thoronghbred 
 horse are so admirably laid down by Stonehenge, and are so 
 exactly those which I liold to constitute the perfection of a 
 blood-horse in a high form, not only for racing purposes but as 
 a stallion for improving the breed of animals, and for getting 
 the best horses from any possible class of mare, for all possible 
 uses, unless for the very slowest and most ponderous draught, 
 that I extract it entire, endorsing it with all my strength, from an 
 excellent work on British Rural Sports, to which I have here 
 before recorded my indebtedness : — 
 
 Purity of blood is a sine qua non for racing purposes, but 
 it is necessary to nnderstand what is meant by the term 
 " blood." It is not to be supposed that there is any real differ- 
 ence between the blood of the thoroughbred horse and that of 
 the half-bred animal; no one could discriminate between the 
 two by any known means ; the term " blood " is here synono- 
 mous with hreed^ and by purity of blood we mean purity in 
 the breeding of the individual animal under consideration; that 
 is to say, that the horse which is entirely bred from one source 
 is pure from any mixture with others, and may be a pure Suf- 
 folk Punch, or a pure Clydesdale, or a pure thoroughbred 
 horse. But all these terms are comparative, since there is no 
 such animal as a perfectly purely bred horse of any breed, whe- 
 ther cart-horse, hack, or race-horse ; all have been produced 
 from an admixture with other breeds, and though now kept as 
 

PUKE BLOOD. 491 
 
 pure as possible, jet they were originally compounded from 
 varying elements. Even the best and purest thoronghbreds 
 are stained with some slight imperfections, and therefore it is 
 only by comparison that the word pure is applicable to them or 
 any others. But since the thoroughbred horse, as he is called, 
 has long been bred for racing purposes, and selections have 
 been made with that view alone, it is reasonable to suppose 
 that this breed is the best for that purpose, and that a stain of 
 any other is a deviation from the clearest stream into one more 
 muddy, and therefore impure ; the consequence is, that the 
 animal bred from the impure source fails in some of tlie essen- 
 tial characteristics of the pure breed, and is in so far useless 
 for this particular object. Kow, in practice this is found to be 
 the case, for in every instance it has resulted that the horse 
 bred with the slightest deviation from the sources indicated by 
 the stud-book, is unable to compete in lasting power with those 
 which are entirely of that breed. Hence it is established as a 
 rule, that for racing purposes every horse must be thorough- 
 bred ; that is, as I have already explained, of a sire and dam 
 whose names are met with in the Stud Book. 
 
 The external form of the race-horse is of great importance ; 
 but there is no douljt that the axiom is correct, " that the horse 
 can run in all forms." The instances where this is so, however, 
 are the excej^tional cases, and the rule, nevertheless, is a good 
 one, which lays down that cceteris paribus, the horse will be 
 the best runner which is formed in the mould most like that of 
 the greatest number of good race-horses. Thus, supposing it is 
 found that out of 50 good horses 49 have neat heads, light necks, 
 deep chests, oblique shoulders, long racing hind-quarters, strong 
 hocks, &c., the presumption will be that a horse resembling 
 those 49 in shape will also resemble them in speed and endur- 
 ance. On the other hand, it is admitted on the turf that high- 
 breeding is of more consequence than external shape, and that 
 of two horses, one perfect in shape, but of an inferior strain of 
 blood, and the other of the most winning blood, but not so well 
 formed in shape, the latter will be the most likely to perform 
 to the satisfaction of his master on the race-course. On this 
 principle the proverb has been framed and handed down to us, 
 that " an ounce of blood is worth a pound of bone," and with 
 
492 THE HOKSE. 
 
 the above explanation such is really the case. But in spite of 
 all this recognized superiority of blood, it is indisputable that 
 for tlie highest degree of success there must be not only high 
 purity of blood, and that of the most winning strains, but there 
 must also be a frame of the most useful character, if not always 
 of the most elegant form. Many of our very best horses have 
 been x^h'^in. and even coarse-looking — as, for instance, most of 
 the Melbournes, and especially that very fast horse, Sir Tatton 
 Sykes ; but, in spite of their plainness, all the points are good 
 and useful, and the deficiency is in elegance, not in real utility. 
 "Nothing can exceed the goodness of the frames of this horse's 
 stock, and their width of hip and general roominess of make is 
 such as to give them enormous power and great substance of 
 muscle, which is particularly serviceable in the fillies got by 
 him, a class of animals more often deficient in these points than 
 colts. From this it results that the distinction must always be 
 made between elegance and utility ; and it must be remembered, 
 that while the former pleases the eye, it is not really conducive 
 to victory ; whilst on the other hand, the ragged hips and gen- 
 eral bony frames of some horses are not so elegant to the eye, 
 but they give strong attachment to the moving powers, and also 
 allow the muscular system to be largely developed on their 
 foundation. The following are the generally admitted good 
 points by which the race-course of high caste is distinguished 
 from the common herd. 
 
 The height of the race-horse varies from 15 hands to 16 1-2 
 hands, or even 17 hands ; but the general height of our best 
 horses is about 15 hands 3 inches. Few first-class performers 
 have exceeded the height of Surplice, who is 16 hands 1 inch, 
 as is also the winner of this year's Derby, Wild Dayrell, Sir 
 Tatton Sykes is 15 1-2 hands ; and between his height and that 
 of Surplice may be ranged every great winner for the last 10 or 
 12 years. This average, therefore, may be fairly laid down as 
 the best height for the race-horse, though it cannot be denied 
 that for some small and confined courses — as, for instance, that 
 of Chester, a smaller horse of little more than 15 hands height 
 lias a better chance, as being more capable of turning round 
 the constantly recurring angles or bends. 
 
 The head and neck should be characterized by lightness. 
 
SHAPE. 493 
 
 wliicli is essential for tliis department. Whatever is unneces- 
 sary is so much dead weight, and we know the effect of 7 lbs. 
 in impeding the horse over a distance of ground. Kow 7 lbs. 
 are easily bestowed upon a neck which may differ in at least 
 20 or 30 lbs. between the two extremes of lightness and exces- 
 sive weight. Thus, it may be considered as indubitable, that 
 whatever is met with in the head and neck, which is not neces- 
 sary for the peculiar purposes of the race-horse, is so much 
 weight thrown away, and yet it must be carried by the horse. 
 Such is the general character of this part; but in detail the 
 head should be lean about the jaw, yet with a full development 
 of forehead, which should be convex and wide, so as to contain 
 within the skull a good volume of brain. Supposing this fulness 
 to exist, all the rest of the head may be as fine as possible ; the 
 jaws being reduced to a fine muzzle, with a slight hollowing 
 out in front, but with a width between the two sides of the 
 lower jaw where it joins the neck, so as to allow plenty of room 
 for the top of the windpipe when the neck is bent. The ears 
 should be pricked and fine, but not too short ; eyes full and 
 spirited ; nostrils large, and capable of being well dilated when 
 at full speed, wliich is easily tested by the gallop, after which 
 they ought to stand out firmly, and so as to show the internal 
 lining fully. Tlie neck should be muscular, and yet light ; the 
 windpipe loose and separate from the neck — that is, not too 
 tightly bound down by the fa-scia, or membrane of the neck. 
 The crest should be thin and wiry, not thick and loaded, as is 
 often seen in coarse stallions, or even in some mares. Between 
 the two extremes of the, ewe-neck and its opposite there are 
 many degrees, but for racing purposes I should prefer, of the 
 two, the former to the latter ; for few horses can go well with 
 their necks bent so as to draw the chin to the bosom ; but here, 
 as in most other cases, the happy medium is to be desired, 
 which is that exhibited in the figure of Kingston, who is a horse 
 as remarkable for his shape as for liis exceedingly distinguished 
 performances. His head and general form are those whicli 
 may be selected as the pattern for the race-horse, for though 
 he is often considered as too light in the girth, he is, in my 
 opinion, just what a race-horse should be in that department, 
 which is more frequently too deep than the reverse ; and his 
 
494 THE H0K8E. 
 
 well-known stoutness, as well as that of his kitli and kin, verifies 
 the opinion. 
 
 The body, or middle-piece, should be moderately long, and 
 not too ranch confined between the last rib and the hip-bone. 
 So long as the last or back-ribs are deep, it is not of so much 
 importance that tliey should be closely connected to the hip- 
 bone, for such a shape shortens the stride ; and though it enables 
 the horse to carry great weight, yet it prevents him from attain- 
 ing a high rate of speed. The back itself should be muscular, 
 and the hips so wide as to allow of a good development of the 
 muscular department. The withers may rise gently, but not 
 too high, with that thin, razor-like elevation which many people 
 call a good shoulder, but which really has nothing to do with 
 tliat part, and is only an annoyance to the saddler, in prevent- 
 ing its being pinched by the saddle. The chest itself should 
 be well developed, but not too wide and deep ; no horse can go 
 a distance without a fair " bellows- room ; " but, supposing the 
 lieart to be sound and of good quality, the amount of lung will 
 sufiice which may be contained in a medium-sized chest, and all 
 above that is wasted, and is extra weight. Many of our best 
 winded horses have had medium-sized chests, and some of the 
 very worst have been furnished with room enough for a pair of 
 blacksmith's bellows to play in. If the heart only does its duty 
 well, the lungs can always furnish suflicient air ; and we know 
 that Avhen frequently renewed, and with sufiicient power, the 
 blood is aerated as fast as it is propelled, and the chief difiiculty 
 lies in this power of propulsion, which resides in the heart alone. 
 If the chest be too wide, it materially afiects the action of the 
 fore-legs, and therefore in every point of view, theoretically and 
 practically, there is a happy medium between the too great con- 
 traction in this department, and the heavy, wide, lumbering 
 chests, sometimes seen even in the thoroughbred race-horse, 
 especially when reared upon rich succulent herbage, more fitted 
 for the bullock than the eastern horse. In the formation of the 
 hips, the essential point is length and breadth of bone for mus- 
 cular attachment, and it matters little whether the croup droops 
 a little, or is pretty straight and level, so that there is a good 
 length from the hip to the haunch-bone ; the line between which 
 two points may either be nearly horizontal, or forming a con- 
 
THE FOKE-QdAETEK. 495 
 
 siderable angle with the ground ; but still in both cases in should 
 be a long line, and the longer it is tlie more muscular substance 
 is attached to it, and the greater leverage will the muscles have. 
 All these points are still further explained in the Anatomy of 
 the Horse, which see, for the details of those parts. 
 
 The fore-quarter, consisting of the shoulder, upper and 
 lower arm and leg and foot, should be well set on to the chest; 
 and the shoulder-blade should lie obliquely on' the side of that 
 part, with a full development of muscle to move it, and thrust 
 it well forward in the gallop. Obliquity is of the greatest im- 
 portance, acting as a spring in taking oil" the shock of the gallop 
 or leap, and also giving a longer attachment to the muscles, and 
 in addition enabling them to act with more leverage upon the 
 arm and leg. It will be seen, by a reference to the skeleton, 
 that the shoulder-blade does not reach the top of the withers, 
 and tliat those bones forming that part have nothing to do with 
 the shoulder itself ; hence many high-withered horses liave bad 
 and weak shoulders, and some very upright ones ; whilst, on 
 the other hand, many low-withered horses have very oblique 
 and powerful shoulders, and such as to give great facihty and 
 pliability to the fore extremity. Tlie shoulder should be very 
 muscular, without being over-done or loaded, and so formed as 
 to play freely in the action of the horse. The point of the 
 shoulder which is the joint corresponding to the human shoulder, 
 should be free from raggedness, but not too flat ; a certain de- 
 gree of development of the bony parts is desirable, but more 
 than this leads to defect, and impedes the action of this im- 
 portant part. The upper arm, between this joint and the elbow, 
 should be long, and well clothed with muscles ; the elbow set 
 on quite straight, and not tied in to the chest ; the lower arm 
 muscular and long ; knees broad and strong, with the bony pro- 
 jection behind well developed ; legs flat, and showing a suspen- 
 sory ligament large and free ; pasterns long enough, without 
 being weak ; and the feet sound, and neither too large nor too 
 small, and unattended with any degree of contraction, which is 
 the bane of the thoroughbred horse. 
 
 Tlie hind-quarter is the chief agent in propulsion, and is 
 therefore of the utmost consequence in attaining high speed. It 
 is often asserted that the oblique shoulder is the grand requisite 
 
496 THE UOKSE. 
 
 in tliis object, and that it is the part upon which speed mainly 
 depends, and in which it may be said to reside. This is, to some 
 extent, trne, because there can be no doubt that with a loaded 
 shoulder high speed is impracticable ; for however powerfully 
 the body may be propelled, yet when the fore-quarter touches 
 the ground it does not bound off again as smartly as it ought to 
 do, and the pace is consequently slo\^^ This position may be 
 illustrated by an experiment with two balls, one of india-rubber, 
 and the other of corresponding size and weight, made of any 
 inelastic material, such as wax. l^ow suppose these two balls 
 propelled with equal power along a piece of fine turf at such an 
 angle as to strike its surface, and rebound again and again — the 
 elastic ball would at first only equal the other in speed, but it 
 would soon outstrip it, because its elasticity would carry on the 
 original propelling power, while the dull, inelastic nature of the 
 wax-ball would speedily cause it to adhere to its luother earth. 
 Just so with the elastic shoulder — it receives the resistance of 
 the earth, but reacts upon it, and loses very little of the power 
 given by the stroke of the hind-quarter, Avhich, nevertheless, 
 must be strong and quick, or else there is nothing for the 
 shoulder to receive and transmit. For the full action of the 
 hind-quarters, two things are necessary ; viz., first, length 
 and volume of muscle ; and, secondly, length of leverage upon 
 which that muscle may act. Hence all the bones comprising 
 the hind-quarter should be long, but the comparative length 
 must vary a good deal, in order that the parts upon which the 
 muscles lie may be long, rather than those connected with the 
 tendons, which are mere ropes, and have no propelling power 
 residing in them, but only transmit that which they derive from 
 the muscles themselves. Thus, the hips should be long and 
 wide, and the two upper divisions of the limb — viz., the stifle 
 and lower thigh — should be long, strong, and fully developed. 
 By this formation the stifle-joint is brought well forward, and 
 there is a considerable angle between these two divisions. The 
 hock should be bony and strong, free from gum or spavin, and 
 the point long, and so set on as to be free from weakness at the 
 situation of curb. In examining the hind-quarter to judge of 
 its muscular development, the horse shoidd not be looked at 
 sideways, but his tail should be raised, and it should be ascer- 
 
coLOB. 497 
 
 tained that the muscles of the two limbs meet together below 
 the anus, which should be in fact well supported by them, and 
 not left loose, and, as it were, in a deep and flaccid hollow. The 
 outline of the outer part of the thigh should be full, and in 
 ordinary horses the muscle sliould swell out beyond the level of 
 the point of the hip. This fulness, howevei*, is not often seen 
 to this extent in the thoroughbred horse until he has arrived at 
 mature age, and is taken out of training. Tlie bones below the 
 hock should be flat and free from adhesions ; the ligaments and 
 tendons fully developed, and standing out free from the bone ; 
 and the joints well formed and wide, yet without any diseased 
 enlargement ; the pasterns should be moderately long and 
 oblique ; the bones of good size ; and, lastly, the feet should 
 correspond w^ith those already alluded to in the anterior ex- 
 tremity. 
 
 The totality of these points should be in proportion to one 
 another — that is to say, the formation of the horse should be 
 " true." He should not have long, well-developed hind-quarters, 
 with an upright, weak, or confined fore-quarter. Nor will the 
 converse serve ; for however well formed the shoulder may be, 
 the horse will not go well unless he has a similar formation in 
 the propellers. It is of great importance, therefore, that the 
 race-horse should have all his various points in true relative 
 development, and tliat there shall not be the hind-quarter of a 
 long, racing-like liorse, with the thick, confined shoulder which 
 would suit a stride less reaching in its nature. 
 
 The color of the thorouglibred horse is now generally bay, 
 brown, or chestnut, one or other of which will occur in ninety- 
 nine cases out of a hundred. Gray is not common, but some- 
 times appears, as in the recent case of Chanticleer and some of 
 his stock. Black also occasionally makes its appearance, but 
 not more frequently than gray. Roans, duns, sorrels, &c., are 
 now quite exploded, and the above five colors may be said to 
 complete the list of colors seen on the race-course. Sometimes 
 these colors are mixed with a good deal of white, in the shape 
 of blazes on the face, or white legs and feet ; or even both may 
 occur, and the horse may have little more than his body of a 
 brown, bay, or chestnut. Most people, however, prefer the self- 
 color, with as little white as possible ; and nothing but the great 
 Vol. I.— 3^ 
 
498 THE HOESE. 
 
 success of a horse's stock would induce breeders to resort to liira 
 if tliej were largely endowed witli white. Gray hairs mixed in 
 the coat, as in the Venison's, are rather approved of than other- 
 wise ; but they do not amount to a roan, in which the gray 
 hairs equal, or even more than that, the other color mixed witli 
 them. 
 
 The texture of the coat and skin, is a great proof of high 
 breeding, and in the absence of the pedigree would be liighly 
 regarded ; but when that is satisfactory, it is of no use descend- 
 ing to the examination of an inferior proof; and, therefore, 
 except as a sign of health, the skin is seldom considered. In 
 all thoroughbred horses, however, it is thinner, and the hair 
 more silky than in common breeds ; and the veins are more 
 apparent under the skin, partly from its thinness, but also from 
 their extra size and number of branches. This network of veins 
 is of importance in allowing the circulation to be carried on 
 during high exertions, when, if the blood could not accumulate 
 in them, it would often choke the deep vessels of the heart and 
 lungs ; but by collecting on the surface great relief is aiforded, 
 and the horse is able to maintain such a high and long-con- 
 tinued speed as would be impracticable without their help. 
 Hence these j)oints are not useful as a mere mai'k of breed, but 
 as essential to the very purpose for which that breed was 
 established. 
 
 The mane and tail should be silky and not curly, though 
 a slight wave is often seen. A decided curl is almost univer- 
 sally a mark of degradation, and shows a stain in the pedigree 
 as clearly as any sign can do. Here, however, as in other cases, 
 the clear tracing of that all-powerful proof of breeding will upset 
 all reasoning founded upon inferior data. The setting on of the 
 tail is often regarded as of great importance, but it is chiefly 
 with reference to appearances ; for the horse is not dependent 
 for action or power upon this appendage. ISTor is strength of 
 dock of any value as a sign, and I have known many very stout 
 horses with flaccid and loosely pendant tails. 
 
 Between the form of West Australian and that of a com 
 mon country plate-horse there is a very wide difi'erence, and 
 scarcely any weight will bring them together short of that which 
 would crush the former to the earth. There are numberless 
 
EFFECT OF WEIGHT. 499 
 
 cases in which four stone might be carried by a first-class horse, 
 over and above the feather-weight placed on a very slow horse, 
 and yet the horse in high form will run away from the plater, 
 who cannot by any means get over the ground faster than the 
 rate at which he can carry a fair average weight. An examina- 
 tion of our handicap lists will show, that between their top and 
 bottom there is generally a difference of four or five stone ; and 
 though this difference is often effectual in keeping back the best 
 horses, it does not always allow the lightest weights to win, but 
 rather those which are the liglitest as compared with their real 
 powers. But it is also well known that certain horses can run 
 half a mile at high speed, but no more ; others, a mile ; others 
 again, a mile and a half or two miles ; whilst another class, now 
 less common than formerly, require a distance of three or four 
 miles to develope their powers, as compared with ordinary 
 horses. These peculiarities are generally hereditarj^, though 
 not always so ; but still when the blood is known, it may gen- 
 erally be surmised that the individual will or will not stay a 
 distance. When the cross in question is stout on one side and 
 flasliy on the other, it is not easy to guess to which the young 
 scion may lean ; but in those cases where a horse is bred from 
 sires and dams both of stout blood, or the reverse, the experi- 
 enced hand may, in almost all cases, decide beforehand upon 
 the properties of the son or daughter, as far as staying quaUties 
 are concerned. Again, tliere are some horses of strong compact 
 frames, with short backs and strong quarters, who may be ex- 
 pected to climb a hill without difficulty, especially if of stout 
 blood ; and, again, there are others of lathy frames, with long 
 but weak points, and a great deal of daylight under tliem, who 
 may win over the fiat for a mile, or a mile and a quarter, but 
 can never climb a hill, or get beyond the above distance over a 
 flat. All these points should be carefully studied by the breeder 
 in getting together his breeding stock, and by the owner in 
 deciding upon the stakes for which he shall enter his young 
 produce. 
 
OBSERVATIONS 
 
 ON IMPORTED STALLIONS 
 
 In the first. Appendix I have given, to the best of my ability, 
 a correct list of the thoroughbred horses imported into the 
 United States, from the earliest dates to the present day. To do 
 this, I have searched every authority which I have been able to 
 command, including Pick's, Johnson's, Weatherby's English 
 Stud Books, "White's History of the British Turf, Skinner's and 
 Edgar's American Stud Books, Skinner's American Farmer, 
 Skinner's and Porter's Turf Register, the old Spirit of the Times, 
 Colden's Sporting Magazine, Mason's Farrier, and the various 
 English works published under the nom deplume of Stonehenge. 
 
 I do not dare to pretend that this list is complete or j^erfect ; 
 for I have no doubt that in early times, many horses, really 
 thoroughbred, were imported, which have escaped the most dili- 
 gent inquiiy and research ; while many others, doubtless, with 
 no pretension to the title of thoroughbred, have been made to 
 pass muster as such, on the bare assertion of their importers, not 
 backed by the evidence of any English authority, proving that 
 any such horses ever existed. 
 
 In like manner, in recent years, I fear — I may say, I have no 
 doubt — that many importations of thoroughbred stock have 
 escaped me ; particularly since the discontinuance of Porter's 
 Sporting Magazine ; from which period there has been no regu- 
 larly kept record of imported animals, beyond such as may bo 
 found in the columns of the Aveekly or daily papers, to w^ade 
 
SPOKTEfG AUTHOEITIES. 501 
 
 tlirougli which daring a space of twelve years, is veritably an 
 almost Herculean labor. 
 
 I have, however, done my best to make good the list, to the 
 present day, as regards stallions of recent importation. 
 
 With regard to those of an earlier date, the part I have had 
 to perform is of a widely ditferentnature. It was to decide which 
 of the horses imported as thoroughbred English horses, previous 
 to the devolution, and so late, I may say, as to the first ten. 
 years of the j^resent century, deserve to be retained as such in 
 a work aiming at authenticity. 
 
 Had I consulted, merely, my own convictions, I should have 
 at once discarded from the list, given by Skinner and Edgar, of 
 imported stallions, nearly one-third ; either because there is 
 no indication whatever that any such horses ever existed, or 
 because the pedigrees, given with the names, do not agree with 
 the stud-book pedigrees of the real horses, owning those names. 
 
 Tliere is yet another reason for suspicion and care ; which is 
 the doul)t whether — the names and pedigrees being correct — the 
 horses themselves ever came to this country ; which, I confess, 
 in several instances appears to me hypothetical. 
 
 I find it stated in the very well-written ti-eatise on the race- 
 horse in America, in Mason's Farrier, that " about the period of 
 time last mentioned, i. e. 1800, Colonel Hoomes and many others, 
 availing themselves of the passion for racing, inundated Virginia 
 with imported stallions, bought up frequently at low prices in 
 England, having little reputation there, and of less approved 
 blood ; thereby greatly contaminating the tried and approved 
 stocks, which had long and eminently distinguished themselves 
 for their feats on the turf, their services under the saddle, and as 
 valuable cavalry horses during the revolutionary war." 
 
 It would be well if these gentry had done no more than im- 
 port worthless stallions, but there is every reason to believe that 
 they commonly manufactured the most impudently mendacious 
 pedigrees for horses, either not thoroughbred at all, or of the 
 most ordinary and worthless strains of blood. So obviously 
 is this the case, that in going over Edgar's list, whenever a par- 
 ticularly gorgeous pedigree occurs, one at once finds on refer- 
 ence to authorities, that the horse is not so much as named, nor 
 any dam to be discovered, which coxxidj^robahly haxQhoYWQh'nn 
 
503 THE HORSE. 
 
 in tlie English stnd-books. Thus we have no less than fourteen 
 horses, not mentioned in any l)ook of authority, recorded as de- 
 scended from Greyhound, Croft's Partner, Brimmer, Makeless, 
 Place's White Turk, Dodworth, Layton's violet Barb mare, and 
 about as many more, with the variation of Dicky Pearson, son 
 of Dodworth, and Burton's Bay Barb mare. Lastly, we 
 have one horse, got by the Darley Arabian, dam by the Byerly 
 Turk — g. d. by the Lyster Turk, out of a natural Arab mare. 
 A pedigree, of which it will be enough to say, that it has 
 scarcely a parallel, if it have a parallel in the world, an animal 
 going in three generations without a single English-bred sire to 
 natural Arab on both sides, at so recent a date in the history of 
 the turf, as 1718. 
 
 It is needless, perhaps, to say, that there is not the smallest 
 reason to believe that any such horses as any of the above, so 
 bred, and so imported, ever existed. 
 
 Importers of thoroughbreds at this period, appear to have 
 caught up the above pedigrees, as approved ; perhaps ft-om the 
 instance of Morton's Traveller, who did run back directly to the 
 strain first described ; and to have applied them at once to every 
 animal they brought to the country, considering it sufficient to 
 guarantee the descent by their own signatures, which one need 
 not state, are utterly worthless, except as waste paper, Avhen not 
 corroborated by real evidence. 
 
 On consideration, however, I judged it the better way to pre- 
 serve, in my list of these importations, all the hypothetical or 
 apocryphal horses alluded to above ; annexing to their names 
 foot notes signed with my own initials, explanatory of the degree 
 of credit, attaching to each of the pedigrees on actual evidence. 
 
 Beside this class of animals, which may be, I think with pro- 
 priety wholly set aside, so far as the idea is concerned of their 
 having transmitted, to the American racer of the present day, any 
 tincture of the blood ignorantly or fraudulently ascribed to them, 
 there is another which must be viewed very differently. 
 
 This class consists of horses, which certainly ^cere imported ; 
 and which as certainly were of thorough blood, and of good 
 thorough blood also ; but in whose pedigree by accident, negli- 
 gence, or want of consideration for the value of accurate details, 
 a link or two have been lost. Much difficulty has ariseji from 
 
BLOOD OF MAKES. 503- 
 
 tlio almost total neglect of the pedigree of dams, wliicli are those 
 most necessary to be preserved ; since a known stallion's pedi- 
 gree is always at once traceable ; while to say that a certain mare 
 is by Eclipse out of a Fox mare, or a Cub mare, or any other 
 mare, is to say nothing. Since, for aught proved by that show- 
 ing, the Fox or Cub mare in question, might have been the 
 daughter of a Flander's Cart mare, or a Cleveland Bay hunter 
 of the old school, and of course, utterly worthless as a dam of 
 racers. 
 
 And yet such was to so great a degree the received mode of 
 entering blood mares, on their first importations, that in few of 
 the most celebrated early importations, even of the most unde- 
 niable blood mares, and dams of our most distinguished winners, 
 can their pedigrees be established beyond the possibility of a 
 dispute. 
 
 Such is the case of Col. Delancey's Cub mare, of the Pot- 
 Sos mare, dam of Miller's Damsel, and grand dam of American 
 Eclipse, and of many others, which are yet beyond the possibil- 
 ity of a doubt, j)ure thoroughbreds ; having so shown them- 
 selves by the transmission of their qualities, tlirongh many gene- 
 rations of racers and the sires and dams of racers ; a thino; im- 
 possible for chance horses.* 
 
 Much irretrievable confusion has arisen, doubtless, from 
 names having been given, after their importation hither, to colts 
 and fillies unnamed in the Stud Books ; and yet more from the 
 multiplication of the same names, those names being identical 
 with the world-famous title of some English sire. 
 
 For an example of this there are not less than three imported 
 Eclipses, one of which, Harris's, is not doubted to be a full- 
 blooded liorse, a racer and getter of racers in a high form, whose 
 blood still bears repute in Virginia ; and not one of the three 
 distinctly referable to any colt, on which one can lay his finger 
 in the Stud Book.f 
 
 In the same way, there appear to have been two Travellers, 
 Moreton's and Strange's, both imported ; and both of these 
 have been referred to two or more difiTerent animals, and both 
 trace, as a matter of course, to Greyhound, Makeless, Brimmer, 
 \Yhite Turk, Dodsworth, Layton Barb mare.+ 
 
 Still it is probable, I should ratlier say certain, that this, in 
 • * See Note * p. 506. f Note \ p. 506. X Note % P- 506. • 
 
504 THE H0E8E. 
 
 the case of Moreton's Traveller, is the real pedigree ; and that 
 he was the bay colt got by Partner out of Bay Bloody But- 
 tocks, in 1745 '4G or '47, own brother to the celebrated Wid- 
 dington mare. Bay Bloody Buttocks, whose dam was by Grey- 
 hound, &c., &c., as above, bore colts or fillies from 1733 to '35 
 inclusive to Partner, in 1736 missed to Crab, from 1737 to '41 
 colts or fillies to Partner ; in '42 missed to Partner, from '43 to 
 '47 inclusive, first a filly and then three colts to Partner, in '48 
 missed to Partner, and in '49 bore her last colt to Forester, 
 Old Traveller of the Stud Book was by Partner, dam by Al- 
 manzor. 
 
 Coatworth's Traveller never came to America. 
 
 And Strange's Traveller, first called Charlemont, then Big 
 Ben, and then most absurdly, in America, Traveller, was 
 by O'Kelly's Eclipse out of a Herod mare, dam by Blank ; 
 her dam by Sni^) out of Lady Thigh, who was daughter of Grey 
 Bloody Buttocks, own sister to Bay Bloody Buttocks, dam of 
 Moreton's Traveller. 
 
 These two horses do really trace to the Greyhound, &c., line 
 alluded to above, and I doubt not their excellence and popular- 
 ity, in Virginia, were the cause of the falsification of above half 
 a score of pedigrees into the like form. 
 
 This is a matter of very considerable importance to the 
 American Turf ; since old, or Moreton's, Traveller got Tryall 
 and Yorick out of imported Blazella, Burwell's Traveller out of 
 a Janus or Lycurgus mare ; Lloyds' Traveller out of a Jenny 
 Cameron mare, Tristram Shandy out of a Janus mare, Ariel and 
 Partner out of Col. Tasker's Selima. 
 
 It is remarkable that Mr. Edgar has left, in his invaluable 
 Stud Book, the pedigrees of these two Travellers as question- 
 able. There is, however, no question about it ; owing to the 
 fortunate fact of the dam of the one and the great-great-grand- 
 dam of the other being named mares. Bay Bloody Buttocks, 
 and Lady Thigh, instead of merely bay filly by So and So ; 
 which leads to their direct identification, without the possibility 
 of mistake. 
 
 There would have been no difliculty, whatever, but for the 
 absurd chopping and changing of names. 
 
 There were already three Travellers, in England, wheu 
 
THE GREYHOUND MAKES. 505 
 
 Moreton's bay colt, out of Bay Bloody Buttocks, was so called ; 
 and at least half a dozen in America, when Charlemont, alias 
 Ben, the great g. g. g. nephew of Bay Bloody Buttocks, re- 
 ceived a third alias of Traveller, for the very purpose one would 
 say of breeding confusion. 
 
 I have taken considerable interest in these quasi Greyhound 
 mare j^edigrees, and have traced it so far as to satisfy myself 
 that at least two-thirds of tliera are direct and wilful forgeries. 
 
 It appears that there is but one Greyhound mare of suffi- 
 cient note to be named in the books, whose dam was by Make- 
 less — viz.. Brown Farewell. She had five fillies, Baj' and Grey 
 Bloody Buttocks, Little Partner, Red Rose, and a Bay filly g. g. 
 g. dam of Enterprise. All the daughters of the two Bloody 
 Buttocks mares are named and well known. Little Partner had 
 but one filly, Cat by Cade. Red Rose* had fillies by Lesang, 
 Syphon, Matchem, Alfred and Magnet, and the Bay filly, it 
 would seem, but one by the Bolton Starling. So that all the 
 pedigrees which run to tliis strain must necessarily be false, un- 
 less Greyhound be preceded by Bloody Buttocks or Partner, 
 and these again by one of the following, viz., by Partner, For- 
 ester, Cade, Lesang, Syphon, Matchem, Alfred, Magnet or 
 Starling. 
 
 AYithout pursuing this farther, I would observe that it is very 
 far from being my wish or object to throw doubts on established 
 pedigrees, or to endeavor to vitiate, in public opinion, strains of 
 blood, which have been admitted to pass muster. 
 
 It is my object, on the contrarj^, to verify, not to vitiate ; and 
 1 am far, indeed, from joining in the absurd outcry, that every 
 horse is necessarily coarse-bred or cold-blooded, because he can- 
 not be ^?'oyg^, directly, to be purebred. I perceive that the 
 circumstances of the country, at the time wlien importation be- 
 gan, the great laxity in keeping proper registers, and the fatal 
 facility of forgery, have rendered it almost impossible that it 
 should be otherwise. 
 
 I maintain that where there has been a chance horse, him 
 self a good racer, he has invariably failed and must of necessity 
 fail as a getter of runners in the first or second generation of 
 his stock, as was notoriously the case with Potomac, and other 
 horses, which might be named. ■{■ 
 
 * See Note § on p. 506- f See Note J on p. 506- 
 
506 THE HOKSE. 
 
 I allow, on the other hand, that where we have so deficient 
 a pedigree of a horse as one which only informs that he was a 
 son, a grandson, or a great-grandson of an imported Cub mare, 
 or PotSos mare, or any other mare — though, nnqnestionably, I 
 should hesitate very long before putting a mare to a horse so 
 descended, until I had seen the stock of the collateral branches, 
 and his own stock, thoroughly tested — and yet see him and all 
 his brothers and sisters, and his own stock and the collateral 
 stock all distinguishing itself, generation after generation, it is 
 worse than idle to question the pedigree or blood of such an 
 animal. 
 
 I now come to the importation of mares, and here I regret 
 to say that the difSculty is infinitely greater than it lias been, 
 even, with the horses. 
 
 Mr. Edgar, not finding, as I nnderstand, his labors suffi- 
 ciently remunerated in the sales of the first volume of his Stud- 
 Book, left it incomplete, without entering at all upon tlie mares, 
 whether native or imported ; so that there is scarcely any start- 
 ing point, beyond scattered notices, with tlie exception of the 
 alphabetical list in JMason's Farrier, of which J have largely and 
 thankfully availed myself. 
 
 Tlie early importations of mares, even tlie most famous, are 
 far more loosely recorded than the stallions, though for what 
 reason it is impossible to conjecture ; and all that it is in my 
 power to do is to submit as perfect a list as I can command, 
 and to ask pardon for necessary and unavoidable imperfections. 
 
 EDITORIAL NOTES. 
 
 * (P. 503.) Col. Delar.cey's Cub mare and the PotSos mare, imported by William 
 Constable, of Xew York, can both be found in the English Stud-Book, and traced 
 bej'ond the possibility of a doubt. 
 
 f (P. 503.) Both the Eclipse's are referable in the Stud-Book. 
 
 X (P. 503.) Both Traveller's can be found in the English Stud-Book. 
 
 § (P. 505.) There are three mares by the name of Red Rose. The one men- 
 tioned above by Partner, dam by Greyhound, out of Old Farewell, never had foals 
 by the horses named. She had three foals by Forester, one by Starling, three by 
 Cade, and two by Regulus. Herbert must have confounded Red Rose, by Babra- 
 ham, for Red Rose, by Partner. Red Rose, by Babraham, had fillies by Le Saug, 
 Syphon, Matchem, Alfred, and Magnet. 
 
 II (P. 505.) Potomac's pedigree has since been cleared up satisfactorily. 
 
LIST OF STALLIONS 
 
 IMPORTED FROM ENGLAND, 
 
 FROM BEFORE THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT DAY. 
 
 EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN ABBREVIATION. 
 
 Am. for American. 
 
 B. or b. for bay. 
 
 Bl. or bl. for black. 
 
 Br. or br. for brown. 
 
 B. C. or b. c. for bay colt. 
 
 B. F. orb. f. for bay filly. 
 
 B. M. or b. m. for bay mare. 
 
 cr. for cream color. 
 
 c. for colt. 
 
 ch. for chestnut, or any shade of eorrel. 
 
 ch. c. for chestnut colt. 
 
 ch. f. for chestnut filly, 
 ch. m. for chestnut mare. 
 D. or d. for dun. 
 Eng. for English. 
 G., g. or gr. for grey or gray. 
 Gl. or gl. for gelding. 
 H. or h. for horse. 
 Imp. or imp. for imported. 
 Ro., ro. or r. for roan. 
 
 Cook's and Blackburn's Whip are one and the 
 same horse. 
 
 Abjer, br. c, foaled 1817, by Old Truffle, bred by Mr. Udney, im- 
 ported by James Jackson, of Alabama, into New York, and 
 killed there in 1828. 1st dam Briesis by Beningbrough ; 2d 
 dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter Teazle ; 3d dam Paulina by Flori- 
 zel; 4th dam Captive by Matchem; Sth dam Calliope by 
 Slouch ; 6th dam (Atlanta's dam) Lass of the Mill by Oroo- 
 noko ; 7th dam by Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makeless by Young 
 Greyhound; 9th dam by Partner; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam 
 by Woodcock; 11th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 12th dam by 
 Makeless (Desdemona dam) ; 13th dam by Brimmer; 14th dam 
 by Dickey Pearson ; 15th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Admiral, brother to Diomed, b. c, foaled 1779, by Florizel, bred by 
 Sir Thomas Dundas. 1st dam Sister to Juno by Spectator; 
 2d dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 3d dam by Childers ; 4th 
 dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham; 5th dam by Paget Turk ; 
 6th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian; 7th dam by 
 Spanker. 
 
508 THE HORSE. 
 
 Admiral Nelson", br. c, foaled 1805, by John Bull, bred by Lord 
 Grosvenor, and imported into Virginia by William Lightfoot, 
 of Sandy Point. 1st dam Olivia by Justice ; 2d dam Cypher 
 by Squirrel ; 3d dam Fribble's dam by Eegulus ; 4th dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th 
 dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 AiNDERBY, ch. c, foaled 1832, by Velocipede, bred by Capt. Taylor, 
 
 and imported into Tennessee by . 1st dam Kate by 
 
 Catton ; 2d dam Miss Garforth by Walton ; 3d dam by Hya- 
 cinthus ; 4th dam Zara by Delpini ; 5th dam Flora by King 
 Fergus ; 6th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 7th dam Lass of the 
 Mill by Oroonoko; 8tli dam by Old Traveler; 9th dam Miss 
 Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 10th dam by old Partner ; 
 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 12th dam by Croft's 
 Bay Barb ; 13th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 14tli dam 
 by Brimmer; 15tli dam by Dicky Pierson ; 16th dam Burton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Albioist, bl. c, foaled 1837, by Cain or Actaeon, bred by Mr. E. 
 Peek 1st dam Panthea by Comus or Blacklock; 2d dam Mau- 
 uella by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 4th 
 dam Young Camilla, sister to Colibri by Woodpecker ; 5th dam 
 Camilla by Trentham; 6th dam Coquette by the Compton 
 Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 
 8tli dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by 
 Snake ; 10th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Aldermais", b. c, foaled 1787, by Pot-8-o's, bred by Mr. Burton, 
 and imported into Richmond, Va., by John Banks. 1st dam 
 Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 2d dam Cyi^ron (King Herod's 
 dam) by Blaze ; 3d dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 4th dam 
 by Graham's Champion; 5th dam by Darley's Arabian: 6th 
 dam by Merlin. 
 
 Alexander, imported into New York, 1797. By Champion. 1st 
 dam Duke of Rutland's Countess by the Northumberland Ara- 
 bian, said to have been 17 hands high. We can find no such 
 horse as Alexander by Champion, and no such mare as Countess 
 by Northumberland Arabian. We presume it is a spurious 
 pedigree. 
 
 Alexander (Smalley's), bred by Sir William Watkin Wynne, Bart, 
 and imported into Virginia by William Smalley, Esq. By 
 Alexander (son of O'Kelly's Eclipse) ; 1st dam Sweet Briar by 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLI02<rS. 509 
 
 King Herod; 2d dam Monimia's dam by Alcides; 3d dam 
 by Crab ; 4tli dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 5tli dam Gipsey 
 by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; 7th 
 dam by Byerly Turk ; 8tli dam by Taffolet Barb ; 9tli dam by 
 Place's White Turk ; 10th dam Natural Barb Mare. 
 
 All-foues, ch. c, foaled 1772, by All-fours, bred by Lord Grosvenor, 
 imported into New York or Connecticut. 1st dam by Blank; 
 2d dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 3d dam Miss Meynell 
 by Partner; 4th dam by Greyhound; 5tli dam by Curwen Bay 
 Barb ; 6th dam Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 7th dam by White- 
 shirt ; 8th dam Old Montague Mare. 
 
 Ambassador, ch. c, foaled 1839, imported iu his mother's belly, by 
 L. J. Polk, Esq., Tenn. By Eng. Plenipotentiary, dam imported 
 Jenny Mills by Whisker (which see.) 
 
 Ambassador, b. c, foaled 1836 by Emilius, bred by Mr. Tattersall, 
 and imported into America with his dam. 1st dam imp. Trapes 
 (late Speck) by Tramp ; 2d dam Eemembrance by Sir Solo- 
 mon ; 3d dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 4tli dam by Tartar ; 5th 
 dam by Mogul ; 6th dam by Sweepstakes ; 7th dam sister to 
 Storm by Bay Bolton; 8th dam by Curwen Bay Barb; 9tli 
 dam by Old Spot ; 10th dam by AVhite-legged Lowther Barb. 
 
 Americus, br. c, foaled 1755, by Babraham, bred by Mr. Aldridge, 
 the property of Mr. Maclin, in America. 1st dam Creeping 
 Molly by Second ; 2d dam by Gen. Evans' Arabian ; 3d dam 
 by Cartouch. 
 
 Anfield, b. c, foaled 1860, bred by Mr. M. Hewetson, imported into 
 Nova Scotia 1865. By The Confessor. 1st dam Eugenia by 
 Barbarian dam Allegretta by St. Luke; 2d dam Alba by 
 Dandy; 3d dam Beresina by Smolensko ; 4th dam Mayflower 
 by Sir Peter ; 5tli dam Miss Brim by Highflyer ; 6tli dam Brim 
 by Squirrel ; 7th dam Helen by Blank ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9 th 
 dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 10th dam sister to Mixbury. 
 
 Antaeus, h., bred by John Ward, Esq., Kent, Eng., imported into 
 South Carolina. By Spectator; balance of pedigree unknown. 
 He stood at Jacksonborough, 1771. 
 
 Antonio, b. c, foaled 1856 by Bay Middleton, bred by Mr. W. Et- 
 wall, imported by Geo. W. Morton, Toronto, Canada, in 1860. 
 1st dam sister to Aegis by Defence ; 2d dam Soldier's Joy by the 
 Colonel ; 3d dam Galatea by Amadis ; 4th dam Paulina by Sir 
 Peter ; 5th dam Pewett by Tandem ; 6th dam Termagant by 
 
510 THE HORSE. 
 
 Tantrum ; 7tli dam Cantatrice by Sampson ; 8th dam by Eeg- 
 nlus; 9th dam Marske dam by Blacklegs; 10th dam by Bay 
 Bolton; 11th dam by Fox Cub; 12th dam by Coneyskins; 
 13th dam by Button's Grey Barb ; 14th dam by Hutton's 
 Eoyal Colt; 15tli dam by Byerly Turk; IGtIi dam by Bustler. 
 
 Appaeition, br. c, foaled in 1827 by Spectre, bred by Lord Grosve- 
 nor, and imported into New York in ship Hamilton, by Cap- 
 tain Bunker ; sent over by Thomas Connah, Liverpool. The 
 pedigree was sworn to by the breeder, and certified by the 
 American Consul at Livei-pool. We state here that the Thun- 
 derbolt mare's produce is not set down in Stud Book. The 
 balance of the pedigree is ; but we do not doubt the facts stated 
 above. 1st dam Young Cranberry by Thunderbolt; 2d dam 
 Cranberry by Sir Peter Teazle ; 3d dam Nannette by John 
 Bull; 4th dam Nimble by Florizel; 5tli dam Eantipole by 
 Blank; 6th dam Joan (sister to Careless by Regulus); 7th 
 dam Silvertail by Heneage Whitenose; 8th dam by Rattle; 
 9th dam by Barley's Arabian ; 10th dam Old Child mare by 
 Sir T. Gresley's bay Arabian; 11th dam Mr. Cooke's Vixen by 
 the Helmsley Turk. 
 
 Aechduke, br. c, foaled 1796, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Sir F. 
 Standish, imported into Virginia by Col. John Hoomes, in 
 1803. 1st dam Horatia by Eclipse; 2d dam Countess by 
 Blank; 3d dam by Eib; 4tli dam by Wynn Arabian; 5th dam 
 by Governor; 6th dam by Alcock Arabian; 7th dam by Grass- 
 hopper ; 8th dam Sister to Gentleman's dam. 
 
 Archer, br. c, foaled 1790, by Faggergill, bred by Mr. Broadhurst, 
 imported into Virginia by Mr. Eives in 1802. 1st dam sister 
 to Croesus by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Young Cade ; 3d dam Miss 
 Thigh by Eib ; 4th (Grieswood's) Lady Thigh by Partner; 5th 
 dam by Greyhound ; 6th dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen 
 bay barb ; 7th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 8th dam 
 by Whiteshirt ; 9th dam Old Montague mare. 
 
 Archibald, b. c, foaled 1801, by Walnut, bred by Duke of Hamil- 
 ton, imported by William Smalley, into Virginia. 1st dam 
 Jardin by Javelin ; 2d dam Young Flora by Highflyer (sister 
 to Spadille) ; 3d dam Flora by Squirrel; 4th dam Angelica by 
 Snap ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 7th dam Iloneywood's Arabian ; 8th dam of the True Blues. 
 
 Aristotle, br. c, foaled 1755, by Cullen Arabian, bred by Bladen, 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 511 
 
 and imported into Virginia about the year 17G4. For follow- 
 ing pedigree see English Kacing Calendar for 1760. He was a 
 horse of some note on the turf. Died in Virginia, 1776, aged 
 21. 1st dam by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Hobgoblin ; 3d dam by 
 Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam Cream Cheeks by Old Spanker ; 
 5th dam by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Aeea Kooker, br. c, foaled 1789, by Drone, bred by Mr. Dods- 
 worth, imported by Dr. James Tate, of Philadelphia, Pa. 1st 
 dam by Chatsworth ; 2d dam by Engineer ; 3d dam by Wilson's 
 Arabian; 4tli dam by Hutton's Spot; 5th dam by Mogul; 6th 
 dam by Crab ; 7th dam by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Curwen 
 Barb; 9th dam by Spot; 10th dam by Whitelegged Lowther 
 Barb ; 11th dam Vintner mare. 
 
 Atlantic, b. c, foaled 1836, bred by His Majesty, imported by 
 Com. E. F. Stockton, N. J. By Actaeon ; 1st dam Miss Cra- 
 ven by Mr. Lowe; 2d dam by Soothsayer ; 3d dam by Buzzard; 
 4th dam sister to Bangtail by Highflyer ; 5th dam Catharine 
 by Young Marske ; 6th dam Gentle Kitty by Silvio ; 7tli dam 
 by Dorimond ; 8th dam Portia by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Hut- 
 ton's Spot; 10th dam by Fox Cub; 11th dam by Bay Bolton. 
 
 Australian, a rich cliestnut, with black legs, 16 hands high, bred 
 in 1858, and imported by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., of Scott 
 county, Ky. Owned by A. J. Alexander, Esq., Kentucky. By 
 West Australian ; 1st dam Emilia by Young Emilius ; 2d dam 
 Persian by Whisker; 3d dam Variety by Selim; 4th dam 
 Sprite by Bobtail; 5tli dam Catharine by Woodpecker. Cath- 
 arine was the dam of Golumpus, the sire of Catton, that sired 
 Trustee, and Gallopade, the dam of Eeel, the dam of Lecomte, 
 Prioress and Starke ; 6th dam Camilla by Trentham : 7tli dam 
 Coquette by Compton Barb ; 8th dam sister to Eegulus by Go- 
 dolphin Arabian ; 9tli dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Gallo- 
 way; lOtli dam by Snake, son of Lister Turk; 11th dam Old 
 Wilkes by Old Hautboy ; 12tli dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet marc ; 
 13th dam a Eoyal mare. 
 
 Autocrat, g. c, foaled 1822, by Grand Duke, bred by Lord Derby, 
 imported into New York in 1831, by William Jackson, Esq., of 
 Tennessee. 1st dam Olivetta by Sir Oliver; 2d dam Scotina 
 by Delpini ; 3d dam Scota by Eclipse ; 4th dam Harmony by 
 Herod; 5th dam Eutilia (sister to dam of Highflyer and Mark 
 Antony) by Blank ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Sore- 
 
512 THE HOESE. 
 
 heels ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam Christopher D'Arcy's 
 Eoyal mare. 
 
 Atsgaeth, b. c, foaled 1856, bred by Mr. Eidley, purchased by Mr. 
 E. Wardle for Gen. S. E. Garth, of South Carolina. By Barn- 
 ton ; 1st dam by Inheritor; 2d dam Gin by Juniper; 3d dam 
 Princess Jemima by Eemembrancer ; 4th dam by Ormond ; 5th 
 dam by Anvil ; 6tli dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 7th dam by 
 Tartar ; 8tli dam by Mogul ; 9th dam by Sweepstakes ; lOtli 
 dam {sister to Sloven) by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Curwen 
 Bay Barb ; 12th dam by Old Spot ; 13th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb ; 14th dam Vintner mare. 
 
 Babeaham, b. c, foaled about 1759, by Fearnought. We cannot 
 find this horse. He stood in Virginia in 1765, owned by Wil- 
 liam and George Evans. 1st dam Silver (imported by Captain 
 William Evans) by Belsize Arabian. 
 
 Babeaham, b. c, foaled in 1775, by Wildair, in English Stud Book, 
 Mr. Bacon's Sir Harry, bred by Sir J. Kaye, Stood in Vir- 
 ginia in 1783, by Augustine Willis. 1st dam by Babraham ; 
 2d dam by Sloe ; 3d dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Chil- 
 ders; 4th dam by Counsellor; 5th dam by Snake; 6th dam 
 by Luggs ; 7th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock. 
 
 Babeaham, b. c, foaled about 1760, imported into South Carolina, 
 and stood at Mr. Arthur Middleton's on Ashley river. By Ba- 
 braham; 1st dam by Second; 2d dam by Starling; 3d dam by 
 Greyhound; 4th dam by Soreheels; 5th dam Miss D'Arcy's 
 Pet mare. 
 
 Badgee, g. c, imported by Governor Eden, of Maryland, previous 
 to the Eevolutionary War ; by Lord Chedworth's Bosphorus. 
 We cannot find this horse. 1st dam by Black-and-all-Black ; 
 2d dam by Devonshire or Elying Childers. 
 
 Bajazet, br. c, foaled 1754, by Bajazet, owned by . 1st dam 
 
 by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Hobgoblin, 3d dam by Whitefoot ; 
 4th dam Moonah Barb mare. 
 
 Baleowkie, b. c, foaled 1850, by Annandale, bred by Mr. W. 
 I'Anson, and imported by Capt. Cornish, the property of James 
 Watson, of New York. Died 1866. 1st dam Queen Mary 
 (Blink Bonny's dam) by Gladiator ; 2d dam by Plenipotentiary; 
 3d dam Myrrha by Whalebone ; 4th dam Gift by Young 
 Gohanna; 5tli dam sister to Grazier by Sir Peter Teazle; 
 6th dam sister to Aimator by Trumpator ; 7th dam by Herod ; 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 513" 
 
 8th dam by Snap ; Gtli dam by Gower stallion ; 10th dam by 
 Childers. 
 
 Baeefoot, ch. c, foaled 1820, by Tramp, bred by Mr. Watt, sent to 
 America by Admiral Sir Isaac Coffin of the British navy in 
 1828, landed in Massachusetts. Died fall 1840. 1st dam Kosa- 
 moud, by Buzzard ; 2d dam Eoseberry, sister to Hnby, by 
 Phenomenon ; 3d dam Miss West, by Matchem ; 4th dam by 
 Eegulus ; 5th dam by Crab , Gth dam by Childers ; 7tli dam 
 by Basto. 
 
 Baeo^^et, b. c, foaled 1785, by Vertumnns, bred by Sir W. Vava- 
 sour, imported into New York. 1st dam Penultima by Snap ; 
 2d dam sister to Nabob by Cade ; 3d dam sister to Drudge by 
 Crab ; 4th dam sister to Blaze by Childers ; 5th dam Con- 
 federate filly by Grey Grantham ; Gth dam by Duke of Rut- 
 land's Black Barb ; 7th dam by Bright's Eoau. 
 
 Bashaw, b. c, foaled 1768 by Wildair, bred by James De Lancey of 
 'New York. 1st dam by Cub (imported) ; 2d dam by Second ; 
 3d dam by Starling ; 4th dam sister to Vane's Little Partner 
 by Partner ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; Gth dam by Makeless ; 
 7th dam by Brimmer; 8th dam by Place's White Turk; 
 9th dam by Dodsworth ; 10th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Batchelor, also called Jack the Batchelor, foaled 1753, by Blaze, 
 bred by Mr. Thompson, and imported into this country in 
 1762, under the above name, owned by James Gibson of Vir- 
 ginia, 1764. We cannot find this horse. This horse is in the 
 list of studs for 1762. See English Pacing Calendar. 1st dam 
 by Gallant ; 2d dam by Smiling Tom. 
 
 Bat BoLTOi!^, b. c, by Old Bay Bolton (in England). Cannot find 
 this horse. 1st dam imp. Blossom by Sloe ; 2d dam by Eegulus. 
 
 Bay Colt (afterward called Hamilton), foaled 1793, by Higliflyer; 
 bred by Lord Grosvenor, imported by Mr. Barksdalc, of Lon- 
 don, for James Strange, Esq., of Manchester, Va. 1st dam by 
 Eclipse ; 2d dam Vauxhall Snap's dam by Young Cade ; 3d dam 
 by Bolton Little John ; 4th dam Mr. Durham's Favorite, by a 
 son of Bald Galloway ; 5th dam of Lord Portmore's Daffodil, 
 by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne. 
 
 Bat Richmond, b. c, foaled 1769, bred by Sir L. Dundas. This 
 horse was first imported into Jamaica, where he ran in the name 
 of Sarpedon. By Feather; 1st dam Matron by CuUen Ara- 
 bian ; 2d dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 3d dam Warlock Gallo- 
 VoL. I.— 33 
 
514 THE HORSE. 
 
 way by Snako ; 4th dam sister to the Carlisle gelding by the 
 Bald Galloway ; 5tli dam Wharton mare, by Lord Carlisle's 
 Turk ; 6th dam by Bald Galloway ; 7th dam by Byerly Turk. 
 
 Beau, g. c, foaled , by Cartouch, owned by Mr. Maguire in Ire- 
 land. First dam Bretts mare, said to be Greyhound. See 
 English Eacing Calendar for 1754, page 198. This horse ran 
 in Ireland. 
 
 Bedford, b. c, foaled 1792, by Dungannon, bred by Lord Grosvenor, 
 imported by Colonel Hoomes, of Virginia. 1st dam Fau-y by 
 Highflyer ; 2d dam Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 3d dam 
 Eouth's Black Eyes by Crab ; 4th dam AYarlock Galloway by 
 Snake ; 5th dam sister to Carlisle gelding by Bald Galloway ; 
 Gth dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 7th dam by 
 Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Byerly Turk. 
 
 Belshazzar, ch. c, foaled 1830, by Blacklock, bred by Mr. Watt, 
 and imported 1838 by Thomas Flintofij of Tennessee. 1st dam 
 Manuella by Dick AndreAvs ; 2d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 
 3d dam Young Camilla by WoodjDecker; 4th dam Camilla by 
 Trentham ; 5th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; Gth dam 
 sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 7th dam Grey Eobin- 
 son by the Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Old Snake ; 9th dam 
 Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Bergamotte, b. c, foaled 1788, by Highflyer, bred by Lord Cler- 
 mont. 1st dam Priestess by Matchem; 2d dam by Gower 
 stallion ; 3d dam by Eegulus ; 4tli dam by Hip ; 5th dam 
 Large Hartley mare by Mr. Hartley's blind horse : Gth dam 
 Flying Whig, by Williams' Yf oodstock Arabian ; 7th dam by 
 St. Victor Barb ; 8th dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick 
 Barb) ; 9tli dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Billet, br. c, foaled 1865, bred by Mr. James Smith, imported in 
 Illinois by S. Powers. By Voltigeur. 1st dam Calcutta by 
 Flatcatcher ; 2d dam Miss Martin by St. Martin ; 3d dam » 
 Wagtail by Whisker ; 4th dam by Sorcerer ; 5 th dam by Sir 
 Soloman ; Gth dam by Young Marske ; 7th dam by PhoBnome- 
 non : 8th dam Calliope by Slouch ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill 
 by Oronooka ; 10th dam by Traveler ; 11th dam Miss Makeless 
 by Young Greyhound; 12th dam by Partner; 13th dam by 
 Woodcock ; 14th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 15th dam by Make- 
 less ; 16th dam by Brimmer ; 17th dam Dicky Pierson ; 18th 
 dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 515 
 
 Black Prince, bl. c, foaled 17G0, by Babraham, bred by Mr. 
 Bethell, imported into the State of New York by Mr. Aaron 
 Ramsey. 1st dam Riot by Regulns ; 2d dam by Blaze ; 3d dam 
 by Fox ; 4th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 5th dam, dam of 
 Woodcock and Castaway by a son of Brimmer ; 6th dam by 
 Chesterfield's Arabian ; 7th dam by Hatton Barb mare dar 
 of Grisewood's Partner. 
 
 Blaze, imported into Virginia in 1794, by Hugh Nelson. By Blaze 
 We cannot find this horse. Blaze is also said to be by Vandal. 
 There were two Vandals in England, one by Skyscraper, foaled 
 1796 ; the other in 1801 by John Bull. Neither could be his 
 sire. 1st dam by Truncheon ; 2d dam by Regulus ; 3d dam by 
 Eastby Snake ; 4th dam by Croft's Partner ; 5th dam by Egyp- 
 tian ; 6th dam by Grey Woodstock. 
 
 Blenkiron, br. c, foaled 1869, bred by Mr. Blenkiron, imported 
 by Mr. D. D. WitherS;, New York. By Saunterer. 1st dam 
 Eeodorowna by Kingston ; 2d dam Empress by Emilius ; 3d 
 dam Mangel Wurzel by Merlin ; 4tli dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 
 5th dam Hornby Lass by Buzzard ; 6tli dam Puzzle by Match- 
 em ; 7th dam Princess by Herod ; 8th dam Julia by Blank ; 
 9th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 10th dam by Bay Bolton ; 
 11th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 12th dam by Byerly Turk ; 
 13th dam by Taffolet Barb ; 14th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 15th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Blossom, gr. c, foaled 1793, by Bordeaux, bred by Mr. Vernon. 
 1st dam Sister Lambinos by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Eclipse ; 
 3d dam Vauxhall's dam by Young Cade ; 4th dam by the Bol- 
 ton Little John ; 5th dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by a son of 
 the Bald Galloway ; 6th dam the dam of Lord Portmore's 
 Daffodil by a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's. 
 
 Bluster, br. c, foaled 1808, by Orlando, bred by Mr. Forrest, and 
 imported into Virginia abont the year 1816, by Mr. Dunlop of 
 London. Stood near Nashville, Tenn., in 1825. The Pegasus 
 Mare was bred by Mr. Broadhurst, in 1799, out of one of his 
 Highflyer mares, and sold when a foal or yearling to Colonel 
 Thornton with several others answering that description. Mr. 
 Forrest supposed it to be one out of Diddler's dam. Died in Ten- 
 nessee, 1828, aged 20. 1st dam by Pegasus (Bay) ; 2d dam by 
 Highflyer (dam of Diddler) ; 3d dam by Goldfinder ; 4th dam 
 Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 5th dam Cypron (Herod's dam) 
 
516 THE HOKSE. 
 
 by Blaze ; Ctli dam Selima by Bethell's Arabian; 7th dam by 
 Graham's Champion ; 8th dam by Parley's Arabian ; 9th dam 
 by Merlin. 
 
 BoASTEK, br. c, foaled 1795, by Dimgannou, bred by Mr. Golding, 
 imported into Virginia in the fall of 1811, by Mr. Bell. Died 
 in Tennessee, 1819, aged 24. 1st dam by Justice ; 2d dam 
 Marianne by Squirrel ; 3d dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 4th 
 dam Little Hartley ]\Iare by Bartlett's Childers ; 5th dam Fly- 
 ing Whig by Williams' Woodstock Arabian ; 6th dam by the 
 St. Victor Barb ; 7th dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick 
 Barb) ; 8th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Bolton, b. c, foaled 1752, by Shock, bred by Mr. Meredith, the 
 property of Mr. Lightfoot, of Charles City County, Va. 1st dam 
 sister to Miss Partner by Partner ; 2d dam by Makeless ; 3d 
 dam by Brimmer ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 5th dam 
 by Dodsworth ; 6th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Bonnie Scotland, b. c, foaled 1853, by lago, bred by Mr. W. 
 FAnson, and imported by Capt. Cornish, the property of Eeber 
 & Kutz, Lancaster, Ohio. 1st dam Queen Mary (Blink Bonny 's 
 dam) by Gladiator ; 2d dam by Plenipotentiary ; 3d dam Myrrha 
 by Whalebone; 4th dam Gift by Young Gohanna; 5th dam 
 sister to Grazier by Sir Peter Teazle ; 6th dam sister to Aimator 
 by Trumpator ; 7th dam by Herod (sister to Postmaster) ; 
 8th dam by Snap ; 9th dam by Gower stallion ; 10th dam by 
 Childers. 
 
 BoNNTFACE, also Called Master Stephen, b. c, foaled 1768, by a son 
 of Eegulus, bred by Mr. C. Blake, said to have been imported 
 by Mr. French, of Virginia. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam 
 the Fen mare by Hutton's Eoyal colt ; 2d dam by Blunderbuss ; 
 3d dam Old Thornton mare by Place's White Turk ; 4th dam 
 Barb mare. 
 
 BoRROCK Billy, ch. c, foaled 1753, bred by Mr. Holme, imported 
 into South Carolina. By Cade. 1st dam by Eastby Snake ; 
 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Croft's Egyptian ; 4th dam 
 Grey Woodcock by Woodcock ; 5th dam Pet Mare by Wastell's 
 Turk ; 6th dam by Hautboy ; 7th dam (Trumpet's dam). 
 
 BOSPHORUS, b. c, foaled 1759, imported into South Carolina by 
 Capt. Parker, 1767. By Bosphorus. 1st dam by Tartar; 
 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Old Cade ; 4th dam by Bay 
 Bolton. 
 
LI3T OF IMPOKTED STALLIOIS'S. 517 
 
 Bosquet, bl. c, foaled 1855, bred by Mr. Eobinson, purchased in 
 England, 1860, by Mr. E. Wardle, for Gen. S. R. Gist, of South 
 Carolina. By Game Boy. 1st dam Miss Betsey by Muley 
 Moloch ; 2d dam Bavarian by Tramp ; 3d dam Comely by 
 Comus ; 4th dam Anticipation by Benningbrougli ; 5th dam 
 Expectation by Herod ; Gth dam by Skim ; 7th dam by Janus ; 
 8th dam Spinster by Crab ; 9th dam Widdrington Mare by 
 Partner ; lOtli dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody But- 
 tocks ; 11th dam by Greyhound ; 12th dam by Makeless ; 
 13th dam by Brimmer ; 14th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 15th dam by Dodsworth ; IGth dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Brahma, g. h., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Meynell, imported into 
 Canada by H. P. Simmons, Esq. By Solyman (son of Selim). 
 1st dam Scrambler by Waxy ; 2d dam Gipsey by Trumpator ; 
 3d dam sister to Postmaster by Herod ; 4th dam by Snap ; 
 5th dam by the Gower stallion ; Gth dam by Childers. 
 
 Brilliant, g. c, foaled 1791, by Phenomenon, bred by Mr. Gar- 
 forth, and imported into Virginia 1796, by Col. Tayloe. 1st dam 
 Faith by Pacolet ; 2d dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 3d dam Lass 
 of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4tli dam sister to Clarke's Lass of 
 the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Grey- 
 hound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam by Woodcock (dam of 
 the Lambton Miss Doe) ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb (grandam 
 of the imp. mare, Mary Grey) ; 9tli dam Desdemona's dam by 
 Makeless; 10th dam by Brimmer; 11th dam by Dicky Pear- 
 son (son of Dodsworth) ; 12tli dam by Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Brunswick, imported into Virginia before the Eevolution, owned 
 by James Macdonald in 1771 ; by Oroonoko. We cannot find 
 this horse, and cannot find any Babraham mare that ever had 
 a foal by Oroonoko. 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Ply- 
 ing Childers. 
 
 Brutus, r. c, foaled 1748, by Eegulus, bred by Mr. Martindale, 
 imported (it is believed) into South Carolina. 1st dam Miss 
 Layton (Lodge's roan mare) by Partner ; 2d dam by a colt of 
 Lord Cardigan's by the Duke of Eichmond's Turk ; 3d dam by 
 Why-not ; 4th dam by Mr, Wilkinson's bay Arabiau ; 5th dam 
 Natural Barb mare, bought by Mr. Wilkinson of Lord Arling- 
 ton (Secretary of State to Charles the Second) to whom she 
 was a present from the Emperor of Morocco. 
 
 Bryan O'Lynn, br. c, foaled 1796, by Aston, bred by Mr. Baker, 
 
518 THE HOESE. 
 
 and imported into Warren county, N. C, by Governor James 
 Turner in 1803. 1st dam by Le Sang ; 2d dam by Regulus ; 
 3d dam sister Bay Brocklesby by Partner ; 4th dam Brocklesby 
 by Greyhound ; 5th dam by Brocklesby Betty by Curwen Bay 
 Barb ; 6th dam Leedes Hobby mare, by the Lister Turk. 
 
 Bucephalus, br. c, foaled 1758, by Sir Matthew Wetherton's 
 Locust, imported into Virginia before the Eevolution. We can- 
 not find this horse. 1st dam by Cade ; 2d dam by Partner ; 
 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th dam by Brimmer ; 5th dam by Place's 
 White Turk ; 6th dam by Dods worth ; 7th dam by Lay ton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 BuFFCOAT, dun c, foaled 1742, by Godolphin Arabian, bred by Lord 
 Godolphin. He died in Virginia in 1757. 1st dam Silver 
 Locks by the Bald Galloway ; 2d dam by Akaster Turk ; 
 3d dam by Leedes ; 4th dam by Spanker. 
 
 BuLLE Rock, foaled in 1718, imported into Virginia before the 
 Eevolution in 1730. We cannot find this horse, and give it as 
 stated below, he being foaled before the issue of either the Stud 
 Book or Pacing Calendar. By Darley Arabian. He was owned 
 by Samuel Patton and Samuel Gist, of Virginia. 1st dam by 
 Byerly Turk ; 2d dam Lister Turk ; 3d dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Buzzard, ch. c, foaled 1787, bred by Mr. Bullock, imported into 
 Virginia by Colonel Hoomes, and afterward brought to Ken- 
 tucky by Benjamin Graves. By Woodpecker. Died in Ken- 
 tucky in 1811, aged 24. 1st dam Misfortune by Dux ; 2d dam 
 Curiosity, sister to Angelica, by Suaj^ ; 3d dam by Regulus ; 
 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 5th dam by Honeywood's 
 Arabian ; 6th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 By THE Sea, ch. c, foaled 1868, imported by Mr. A. Belmont, New 
 York, in his mother's belly. By Thormanby, by dam imported 
 Bernice by Stockwell (which see). 
 
 Cade, h., foaled 1756, bred by Mr. Warren, imported into South 
 Carolina 1762. By Old Cade. He stood at Mr. Williamson's 
 in 1763, near Eantowles Bridge, at £35. 1st dam Silvertail by 
 Henage's Whitenose ; 2d dam by Rattle ; 3d dam by Darley's 
 Arabian ; 4th dam Old Child mare by Gresley's bay Arabian ; 
 5tli dam Vixen by Helmsley's Turk ; 6th dam Dodsworth's dam. 
 
 Camel, b. c, foaled 1830, by Camel, bred by James Barbour, of Vir- 
 ginia, imported with his dam. 1st dam imp. Phantomia by 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 519 
 
 Phantom ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Allegranti by Pegasus ; 
 4tli dam Orange Squeezer by Highflyer ; 5th dam Mop Squeezer 
 by Matchem ; 6th dam Lady by Sh' 0. Turners Sweepstakes ; 
 7th dam, dam of Shuttle by Patriot ; 8th dam by Crab ; 10th 
 dam sister to Sloven by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb ; 12th dam by Spot ; 13 th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb; 14th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Canxon", b. c, foaled 1789, by Dungannon, bred by his Majesty 
 George the Fourth. 1st dam Miss Spindleshanks by Omar ; 
 2d dam by Starling ; 3d dam by Godolphiu Arabian ; 4th dam 
 by Stanyan's Arabian ; 5th dam by Pelham's Barb ; 6th dam 
 by Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 8th dam 
 Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Cakwell, b. c, foaled 1859 ; bred by Lord Newport. Imported 
 into Canada, 1863. By Stockwell. 1st dam May Bell by 
 Hetman Platoff ; 2d dam by Sultan ; 3d dam Salute by Muley ; 
 4th dam Dulcamara by Waxy ; 5th dam Witchery by Sorcerer ; 
 6th dam Cobbea by Skyscraper; 7th dam by Woodpecker; 
 8tli dam Heinel by Squirrel ; 9th dam by Blank ; 10th dam by 
 Cullen Arabian ; 11th dam Grieswood's Lady Thigh by Partner. 
 
 CARDiisrAL Puff, b. c, bred by Lord Grosvenor. Imported by 
 Samuel Harrison, of Anne Arundel County, Md., by Cardinal 
 Puff. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam by Bandy ; 2d dam 
 by Matchem. 
 
 Carlo, b. c, foaled 1795, by Balloon, bred by Sir J. Honey^'ood, 
 imported into Philadelphia by Eobert Wain, Esq. He stood 
 at a Mr. Duckett's in 1809. 1st dam sister to Peter Pindar by 
 Javelin ; 2d dam Sweetheart by Herod ; 3d dam by Snap ; 4tli 
 dam by Regulus ; 5th dam Crimps dam by Snip ; 6th dam 
 Lady Thigh by Partner ; 7th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 8th 
 dam by Greyhound ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brim- 
 mer ; 11th dam by Place's White Turk; 12th dam by Dods- 
 worth ; 13th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Carver, b. c, foaled 1770, by Young Snap. Imported in 1774 by 
 by Dr. Charles Mayle, Norfolk County, Virginia. 1st dam by 
 Blank ; 2d dam by Babraham ,• 3d dam by Ancaster Starling ; 
 4th dam by Grasshopper ; 5th dam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian ; 
 6th dam by Pert ; 7th dam St. Martins ; 8th dam by Sir E. 
 Hale's Turk (cannot find this horse). 
 
 Centijstel, ch. c, foaled 1758, by Blank, bred by the Duke of 
 
520 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Ancaster, and imported into South Carolina. Died 1784. 
 1st dam Naylor by Cade ; 2d dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 
 3d dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Darley's 
 Arabian ; 5th dam by Byerly Turk ; Gth dam by Taffolet Barb; 
 7th dam by Place's White Turk ; 8th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Cetus, b. c, foaled 1827, by Whalebone, bred by Mr. Dilly, imported 
 by F. P. Corbin, of Virginia. 1st dam Lamia (sister to Quail) 
 by Gohanua ; 2d dam Certhia by Woodpecker ; 3d dam by 
 Trentham ; 4tli dam Cunegonde by Blank ; 5th dam by Cullen 
 Arabian ; 6th dam by Patriot ; 7th dam by Gander ; 8th dam 
 by brother to Grantham ; 9th dam by Pulliene's Chestnut 
 Arabian ; 10th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Chance, b. c, foaled 1797, by Lurcher, bred by Mr. Wentworth, and 
 imported by Col. John Tayloe into Virginia. Died in Virginia, 
 1820, aged 23. 1st dam Recovery by Hyder-Ally ; 2d dam Per- 
 dita by Herod ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 4th dam by 
 Forester ; 5th dam by Partner ; 6th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 
 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by 
 Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 10th dam Burton Barb 
 mare. 
 
 Chaeiot, b. c, foaled 1789, by Highflyer ; bred by Mr. Clifton ; 
 imported into Virginia by Mr. Thweat, and by him sold to 
 Messrs. James & Henry L}Tie, Granville County, JST. C, in 1802. 
 1st dam Potosi by Eclipse; 2d dam by Blank; 3d dam by 
 Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam by Snip ; 5tli dam Spinster (the 
 Widdington Mare) by Partner ; Gth dam sister to Squirrel's 
 dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 7th dam by Greyhound ; 8th dam 
 by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; lOtli dam l)y Place's 
 White Turk ; 11th dam by Dodsworth ; 12th dam Layton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Chateau Maegaijx, br. c, foaled 1822, by Whalebone ; bred by 
 Lord Egremont, and owned by J. Avery & A. T. B. Merritt, 
 Hick's Ford, Virginia, 1835, imported 1834, by Messrs. Merritt 
 & Co, 1st dam Wasp (sister to Scorpion) by Gohanna ; 2d 
 dam by Highflyer; 3d dam Chanticleer's dam by Eclipse; 
 4th dam Eosebud by Snap ; 5th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 
 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Hone5rwood's Ara- 
 bian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Chesterfield, br. c, first called New Zealand, foaled 1836, bred by 
 Lord Chesterfield, and imported to Illinois by Col. Oakley. By 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 531 
 
 imported Priam. 1st dam Worthless by Walton ; 2d dam Alti- 
 sidora by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli 
 dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by 
 Trentham ; Gth dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam 
 sister to Kegulns by Godolphin Arabian ; 8tli dam Grey Robinson 
 by Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by Snake ; 10th dam Old Wilkes 
 by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Childers, b. c, imported into Virginia about the year 1751, by 
 John Tayloe, Sen., of Mt. Airy. By Blaze (son of Flying 
 Childers). We can find no produce of Fox by Blaze, nor of 
 Fox by Bald Galloway. 1st dam by Fox; 2d dam by Bald 
 Galloway. 
 
 CiTiZEjj", b. c, foaled 1785, by Facolet; bred by Mr. Gorwood. 
 Sent to the West Indies, afterward imported into North Caro- 
 lina by General Stephen Wright Carney, of Halifax County, 
 and landed at Portsmouth, Va., in the ship Gosport, on the 
 26th day of September, 1803, then 18 years old. Died in Ten- 
 nessee, 1809, aged 24. 1st dam Princess by Turk ; 2d dam 
 Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 3d dam Eouth's Black Eyes by 
 Crab ; 4th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 5th dam sister to 
 Carlisle Gelding by The Bald Galloway; 6th dam Wharton 
 mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 7th dam by BaldGolloway ; 8th 
 dam by Byerly Turk. 
 
 Claret, b. c, foaled 1830, by Chateau Margaux, bred by Mr. Wilson, 
 and owned or stood by Wyatt Cardwell, Charlotte Court House, 
 Va., 1835, imported 1834, by Merritt & Co. 1st dam by Par- 
 tisan ; 2d dam Silvertail by Gohanna ; 3d dam by Orville ; 4th 
 dam Sehm's dam by Alexander ; 5th dam by Highflyer ; 6th 
 dam by Alfred ; 7th dam by Engineer ; 8th dam Bay Malton's 
 dam by Cade ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 10th dam 
 Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 11th dam by Partner ; 
 12th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 13th dam by Croft's 
 Bay Barb ; 14th dam Chestnut Thornton by Makeless ; loth 
 dam Old Thornton by Brimmer; 16th dam by Dicky Pierson; 
 17th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Clifden-, b. c, foaled 1787, by Alfred, bred by Sir J. Lade, and 
 imported into Virginia in 1800, by Dr. William Thornton, of 
 Washington City. 1st dam sister to Mulberry by Florizel ; 
 2d dam Teresa by Matchem ; 3d dam Brown Eegulus by Regu- 
 lus ; 4th dam Miss Starling Junior by Starling ; 5 th dam by 
 
522 THE nORSE. 
 
 Partner ; Gtli dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 
 8th dam by Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 9th dam Bur- 
 ton Barb mare. 
 
 Clifton, b. c. (formerly called Grinder), foaled 1797, by Abbe 
 Thulle, bred by Mr. Clifton. Said to have been imported into 
 Maryland. 1st dam Eustatia by Highflyer ; 2d dam Wren by 
 Woodpecker; 3d dam Papillon (Sir Peter Teazle dam) by 
 Snap ; 4tli dam Miss Cleveland by Eegulus ; 5th dam Midge by 
 a son of Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam Ijy 
 Honey wood's Arabian ; 8th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Clockfast, g, c, foaled 1774, by Gimcrack, bred by Lord Grosvenor, 
 imported into Virginia in the ship Theodorick, by Capt. McNab. 
 1st dam Miss Ingram by Eegulus ; 2d dam Miss Doe by Sed- 
 bury ; 3d dam Miss Mayes by Bartlett's Childers ; 4th dam by 
 Counsellor ; 5th dam by Snake ; 6th dam by Luggs ; 7tli dam 
 by Davill's Old Woodcock. 
 
 Clown", b. c, foaled 1785, by Bordeaux, bred by Mr. Vernon, sent to 
 the West Indies, and imported into Orange County, North 
 Carolina, by Messrs. Cahi & Eea. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 2d dam 
 Chrysis by Careless ; 3d dam Snappina by Snap ; 4tli dam by 
 Moore's Partner ; 5tli dam by Childers ; 6th dam Miss Bel- 
 voir by Grey Grantham ; 7th dam by Paget Turk ; 8th dam 
 Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian ; 9th dam by Spanker. 
 
 CocK-A-Hoop, ch. c, foaled 1856, bred by Mr. A. Gray, imported by 
 E. Ten Broeck, Esq., 1860. By The Confessor. Died on the 
 passage. 1st dam Delia by Dick; 2d dam Lady Di by Actason. 
 
 CcEUR DE Leon", b. c, foaled 1789, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. Tur- 
 ner, and imported into Virginia by Col. John Hoomes. Died 
 1809, aged 20 years. 1st dam Dido by Eclipse; 2d dam by 
 Spectator ; 3d dam by Blank ; 4th dam Lord Leigh's Diana by 
 Second ; 5tli dam Mr. Hanger's brown mare by Stanyan's Ara- 
 bian; 6th dam Gipsy by King William's Notongued Barb; 
 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Columbus, b. c, foaled 1835 ; imported in his mother's belly by 
 E. D. Shepherd, Va. By Columbus ; dam by Catton ; 2d dam 
 (Kilnocky's dam) by Sancho. (See Catton mare.) 
 
 Commodore, b. c, imported into New York in the ship Samuel 
 Eobinson, Capt. Choate, from Greenock, in Scotland, by C. H. 
 Williams, Esf|. By Caleb Quotem, Mary Brown, the reported 
 dam of Commodore, was foaled 1805, but we can fjid no prod- 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 523 
 
 uce of Mary Brown in the Stud Book, by Caleb Quotem. The 
 pedigree is given as found in Edgar, no date of foaling or year 
 of importation is given; the pedigree is correct from Mary 
 Brown back to the dam of the two True Blues. Said to have 
 been foaled 1820. 1st dam Mary Brown by Guilford; 2d dam 
 Vixen by Pot-8-o's ; 3d dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 4:tli dam by 
 Eegulus; 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honey- 
 wood's Arabian ; 7th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 CoMUS, (Berner's) b. or br, c, foaled 1829, by Comus, bred by Lord 
 Berner, and imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala., in 
 1837. 1st dam Eotterdam by Juniper; 2d dam Spotless by 
 "Walton ; 3d dam by Trumpator ; -ith dam by Highflyer ; 5th 
 dam Otheothea by Otho; Gth dam by Snap; 7tli dam by Eegu- 
 lus ; 8th dam Wildair s dam by Steady ; 9th dam by Partner ; 
 10th dam by Greyhouud; 11th dam Chestnut Layton by Make- 
 less ; 12th dam Bay Layton by Counsellor; 13th dam by Brim- 
 mer; 14th dam Trumpet's dam by Place's White Turk ; 15th 
 dam by Dodsworth; 16tli dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 CoNSOL, b. c, foaled 1828, by Lottery, bred by Mr. Walker, and im- 
 ported into America by E. H. Boardman, of Alabama, in 1835. 
 Consol died 1839. 1st dam by Cerberus; 2d dam Merlin's dam 
 by Delpini ; 3d dam Tripple Cyder by King Fergus ; 4th dam 
 Sylvia by Young Marske; 5 th dam Ferret by a brother to Sil- 
 vio ; 6th dam Eegulus ; 7th dam by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 
 8th dam by Mixbury ; 9th dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 10th dam 
 by Bay Bolton; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam by Hut- 
 ton's Grey Barb; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by 
 Bustler. 
 
 CoNSTEKNATiON', br.' c, foaled 1841, by Confederate, bred by Mr. 
 Cawood, and imported in June, 1846, by C. J. Abbott, Esq., 
 and recently the property of John P. Welch, of Oregon. 1st 
 dam Curiosity by Figaro ; 2d dam by Waxy ; 3d dam Bizarre 
 by Peruvian ; 4th dam Violante by John Bull ; 5th dam sister 
 to Skyscraper by Highflyer; Gtli dam Everlasting by Eclipse; 
 7th dam Hysena by Snap ; 8th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 
 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers; lOtli dam by Honeywood's 
 Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 CONTEACT, ch. c, foalcd 1823, by Catton, bred by Lord Scarborough, 
 and imported by William Jackson into New York in 1829. 1st 
 dam Helen by Hambletonian : 2d dam Susan by Overton; 3d 
 
524 THE nORKSE. 
 
 dam Drowsy by Drone ; 4tli dara Old England mare by Cullen 
 Arabian; 5th dam Miss Cade by Cade; Gthdam Miss Makeless 
 by a son of Greyhound ; 7th dam by Partner (sister to Wilkie's 
 mare) ; 8th dam by Woodcock; 9th dam by Croft's Barb; 10th 
 dam by Makeless; 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam l:>y Dicky 
 Pierson; 13th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Cormorant, b. c, foaled 1787, by Woodpecker, bred Ijy Mr. Fox, 
 and imported into Virginia by the late Colonel John Hoomes. 
 1st dam Nettletop by Squirrel; 2d dam Indiana's dam by Baja- 
 zet; 3d dam by Regulus; 4th dam by Blank; 5th dam by 
 Lonsdale Arabian ; 6th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 7th 
 dam by Darley's Arabian ; 8th dam by Byerly Turk ; 9th dam 
 by Taffolet Barb; 10th dam by Place's White Turk; 11th dam 
 Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Coronet, b. c, foaled 1825, by Catton, bred by Mr. F. Lumley. He 
 stood at Somerville, Tenn., in 1839, at Edward Haskins'. 1st 
 dam by Paynator; 2d dam Violet by Shark; 3d dam by Sy- 
 phon ; 4th dam Mr. Quick's Charlotte by Blank ; 5th dam by 
 Crab ; Gth dam by Dyer's Dimple ; 7th dam by Bethell's Cast- 
 away ; 8th dam by Why-not ; 9th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Crab, foaled in 1736, bred by Mr. Eouth, and imported into Amer- 
 ica about the year 1746. He died in Virginia, in 1750. By 
 Crab. 1st dam by Counsellor; 2d dam by Coneyskins ; 3d dam 
 by Hutton's Arabian. 
 
 Crawford, g. c, bred by His Royal Highness the Duke of Cum- 
 berland ; imported into Virginia, by Eobert Rutfm, of Prince 
 Georo-e county. We cannot find this horse. By Cumberland 
 Arabian, 1st dam by Partner; 2d dam by Snake; 3d dam by 
 Lyster Turk. 
 
 Crawler, b. c, foaled 1792, by Highflyer, bred by the Duke of 
 Grafton ; imported into the State of Tennessee. 1st dam Har- 
 riet by Matchem ; 2d dam Flora by Regulus ; 3d dam by Bart- 
 lett's Childers ; 4th dam by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam by Belgrade 
 Turk. 
 
 Creeper, b. c, foaled 1768, by Tandem, bred by Lord A. Hamilton ; 
 imported into the State of New York. 1st dam Harriet by 
 Matchem; 2d dam Flora 1)y Regulus; 3d dam by Bartlett's 
 Childers; 4th dam by Bay Bolton; 5th dam by Belgrade 
 Turk. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOis'S. 525 
 
 Creole, bl. c, foaled 1750, bred by the Marquis of Eockingham; 
 by Ancaster Starling. First dam the dam of Dapple, For 
 pedigree of Creole (also called Negro), see English Eacing Cal- 
 endar for 1754, page 177. 
 
 Cruiser, b. c, foaled 1852, bred by Lord Dorchester, imported into 
 Ohio by Mr. J. S. Earey. By Venison. Died 18G6. 1st dam 
 by Little Eed Eover ; 2d dam Eclat by Edmund; 3d dam Squib 
 by Soothsayer; 4th dam Berenice by Alexander; 5th dam Bru- 
 nette by Amaranthus ; 6th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 7th dam 
 by Ancaster Starling; 8th dam by Grasshopper; 9th dam by 
 Sir M. Newton's Arabian; 10th dam by Pert; 11th dam by St. 
 Martin; 12th dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian; 13th dam the 
 Oldfield mare. 
 
 Cub, ch. c, foaled 1739, by Fox, bred by Mr. Greville, and imported 
 into Virginia. 1st dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 2d dam 
 sister to Carlisle Gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 3d dam by 
 Byerly Turk. 
 
 Cumberland, bl. c, foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Stirling, imported by 
 Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Camel. 1st dam Ma- 
 tilda by Or\dlle; 2d dam by Sorcerer; 3d dam Matilda by 
 Whiskey ; 4th dam sister to Toby by Highflyer ; 5th dam by 
 Matchem; 6th dam by Dainty Davy; 7th dam by son of Mo- 
 gul ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by 
 Curwen Bay Barlj. 
 
 Cyistthius, ch. c, foaled 1799, by Acacia, bred by Mr. Garforth. 1st 
 dam Yarico by King Fergus ; 2d dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 
 3d dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4th dam sister to Clark's 
 Lass of the Mill by Old Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by 
 Young Greyhound; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam, dam of the 
 Lambton Miss Doe by Woodcock; 8th dam by Croft's Bay 
 Barb ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brimmer ; 11th 
 dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Dabster, c. c, foaled 1735, by HobgobHu, and imported into Vir- 
 ginia about 1741. We cannot find this horse. 1st dam by 
 Spanker; 2d dam by Hautboy. 
 
 Daghee, ch. c, foaled , by Muley, bred by , imported 
 
 into Canada by Com. Barrie, E. N., afterward brought to the 
 United States, and stood in New Jersey in 1835. First dam by 
 Sheik (Arabian). Not down in the English Stud Book. 
 
520 THE HORSE. 
 
 Dancing Master, b. c, foaled 1788, by Woodpecker, bred by Lord 
 Derby, imported into South Carolina. 1st dam Madcap by 
 Snap ; 2d dam Miss Meredith by Old Cade ; 3d dam Little 
 Hartley mare by Bartlett's Cliilders ; 4th dam Fl}ing V/hig by 
 William's Woodstock Arabian ; 5th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 
 6th dam by Why-not (son of the Fen wick Barb) ; 7th dam 
 Eoyal mare. 
 
 Dare Devil, b. c, foaled 1787, by Magnet, bred by the Duke of 
 Grafton, imported by Col. Hoomes, of Virginia, in the ship Ee- 
 becca, from London, in 1795. 1st dam Hebe by Chrysolite; 
 2d dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske ; 3d dam Spi- 
 letta by Eegulus ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith's son of 
 Snake ; 5th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Old Montague ; Gth dam by 
 Hautboy; 7th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Darlington, b. c, foaled 1787, bred by Mr. Wetherston, of Thorpe, 
 near Bernard Castle, Yorkshire, Eng., by Clothier, imported by 
 Mr. Hoomes in 1792. We cannot find this horse. 'No doubt 
 correct pedigree. 1st dam by Highflyer; 2d dam by Little 
 John ; 3d dam by Snake. 
 
 David (called Young David in the English Stud Book), b. c, foaled 
 1756, by the Gower Stallion, bred by Lord Gower, and imported 
 into Virginia about the year 1763. 1st dam by Fox-Cub; 2d 
 dam by Mr. Honeywood's Young True Blue ; 3d dam sister to 
 Mr. Pelham's Little George by the Curwen Barb. 
 
 Denizen, ch. c, foaled 1836 ; imported in his mother's belly by E. H. 
 Boardman, Alabama. By Eng. Actaeou ; dam Imp. Design by 
 Tramp. (See Imp. Design.) 
 
 Derby, b. c, foaled 1831, bred by Lord Derby ; imported by E. D. 
 Shepherd, Va. By Sir Peter Lely. Derby was purchased and 
 taken to Kentucky, and died the property of Hon. Henry Clay. 
 1st dam Urganda (also imported) by Milo ; 2d dam by Sor- 
 cerer ; 3d dam by Sir Solomon ; 4th dam by Young Marske. 
 (See Imported Urganda.) 
 
 De Bash, b. c, foaled 1792, by King Fergus, bred by Sir C. Turner, 
 imported into Massachusetts by Mr. Jones. 1st dam by High- 
 flyer ; 2d dam Madcap by Snap ; 3d dam Miss Meredith by Old 
 Cade ; 4th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers; 5th 
 dam Flying Whig by Woodstock's Arabian ; 6th dam by St 
 Victor Barb ; 7th dam by "Wliy-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) : 
 8th dam Eoval mare. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 537 
 
 DiOMED, ch. c, foaled 1777, by Florizel, bred by Sir C. Bunbury, 
 and imported into Virginia in 1799, when 23 years of age. He 
 died the property of Col. Hoonies in 1808, aged 31 years. 1st 
 dam sister to Juno by Spectator ; 2d dam sister to Horatius by 
 Blank ; 3d dam by Childers ; 4th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey 
 Grantham; 5th dam by Paget Tnrk; 6th dam Betty Percival 
 by Leede's Arabian ; 7th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Dioisr, b. c, foaled 1795, by Spadille, bred by Mr. Garforth, imported 
 into Virginia the fall of 1801, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam 
 Faith by Pacolet; 2d dam Atalanta by Match em; 3d dam 
 Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4tli dam sister to Clark's Lass 
 of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young 
 Greyhound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam, dam of Miss Doe 
 by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 9th dam Dcsde- 
 mona's dam by Makeless; 10th dam by Brimmer; 11th dam 
 by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 DoxcASTER, bl. c, foaled 1834, by Longwaist, bred by Mr. Nowell, 
 and imported in 1835, a yearling, by Captain William J. Minor, 
 of Natchez, Miss. 1st dam Young Lady Em by Muley; 2d 
 dam Lady Ern by Stamford; 3d dam sister to Repeater by 
 Trumpator ; 4tli dam Demirep by Highflyer ; 5th dam Brim by 
 Squirrel; 6tli dam Helen by Blank; 7th dam by Crab; 8th 
 dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 9tli dam sister to Misbury by 
 Curwen's Bay Barb; 10th dam by Old Spot; 11th dam by 
 White-legged Lowther Barb; 12th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 DoK Quixote, ch. c, foaled 1784, by Eclipse, bred by Mr. Taylor, 
 and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Grecian Princess by 
 Williams' Forester ; 2d dam by the Coalition colt (son of the 
 G. Arabian) ; 3d dam by Bustard ; 4th dam Lord Leigh's 
 Charming Molly by Second; 5th dam Mr. Hanger's brown 
 mare by Stanyan's Arabian; 6th dam Gipsy by King Wil- 
 liam's No-tongued Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Eoyal 
 mare. 
 
 Dormouse, ch. c, foaled 1753, by Dormouse, bred by Lord Ched- 
 worth. 1st dam Diana by Whitefoot ; 2d dam Silverlocks by 
 the Bald Galloway ; 3d dam by Akaster Turk ; 4th dam by 
 Leedes ; 5th dam by Spanker. 
 
 DoTTERREL, g. c, foalcd 1756, bred by Sir John Pennington, and said 
 pedigree given by him (P. N. Lee, of Virginia). By Change- 
 ling. This horse stood in Westmoreland county, Va., in 1766. 
 
528 THE HOESE. 
 
 1st diim hj a son of Wynn's Arabian ; 2d dam by a son of 
 Lonsdale Arabian; 3d dam by Black Arabian; 4th dam by 
 Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Dove, g. c, foaled , imported by Dr. Thomas Hamilton, of 
 
 Prince George county, Md. By Young Cade. Thos. Good, of 
 Virginia, stood him in 1787. We cannot find him. He was 
 imported in 17G1 or 1762. He ran in 1763, at Annapolis, Md. 
 1st dam by Teazer ; 2d dam by Gardiner. 
 
 Deagon, ch. c, foaled 1787, by Woodpecker, bred by the Duke of 
 Bedford ; imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes. He died in 
 Tennessee in 1812, aged 25 years. 1st dam Juno by Spectator 
 (sister to the dam of Diomed) ; 2d dam by Blank (sister to 
 Horatius) ; 3d dam by Childers ; 4th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey 
 Grantham; 5th dam byPajetTurk; 6th dam Betty Percival 
 by Leede's Arabian ; 7th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Deivee, b. c, foaled 1806, by Driver, bred by Mr. Bruhl ; imported 
 into Virginia by Dr. William Thornton, of Washington city, 
 D. C. 1st dam by Dorimant; 2d dam Muse by Herod; 3d 
 dam by Shepherd's Crab ; 4th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 
 5th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers ; 6th dam 
 Flying Whig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 7th dam by 
 St. Victor Barb ; 8tli dam Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 
 9 th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Deone, b. c, foaled 1777, by Herod, bred by Mr. Panton; imported 
 into Massachusetts or Connecticut. He stood in Litchfield, 
 Conn., and in Dutchess Co., N. Y. 1st dam Lilly by Blank ; 
 2d dam Peggy by Cade ; 3d dam sister to Widrington mare by 
 Partner ; 4th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 
 5th dam by Greyhonnd ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7tli dam by 
 Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk ; 9tli dam by Dods- 
 worth ; 10th dam Lay ton Barb marc. 
 
 Druid, ch. c, foaled 1780, by Pot-8-o's, bred by Lord Grosvenor, 
 and imported into Virginia, in 1800, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam 
 Maid of the Oaks by Herod ; 2d dam Parity by Matchem ; 3d 
 dam Snapdragon by Snap; 4th dam by Eegulus; 5th dam by 
 Bartlett's Cbilders; 6tli dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th 
 dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 DuNGANNON", b. c, foaled 1786, by Dungannon, bred by Mr. Gra- 
 ham, and imported by Colonel Tayloe, of Virginia, in 1799. 
 1st dam Flirtilla by Conductor; 2d dam Flirt by Squirrel; 3d 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 529 
 
 dam Helen by Blank ; 4tli dam by Crab ; 5tli dam sister to 
 Partner by Jigg; 6th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay 
 Barb; 7tli dam by Old Spot; 8tli dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb ; 9th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Eagle, b. c, foaled 1796, by Volunteer, bred by Sir F. Standish, and 
 imported into Virginia, the fall of 1811, by Mr. Bell. Died in 
 Kentucky, 1826, aged 30. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by 
 Engineer ; 3d dam by Cade ; 4th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 6tli 
 dam by Partner ; 7th dam (dam of the Lambton Miss Doe) by 
 Woodcock; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 9th dam (Desde- 
 mona dam) by Makeless ; 10th dam by Brimmer ; 11th dam by 
 Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Eclipse, b. c, foaled 1747, by Partner, bred by Mr. Crofts; im- 
 ported by Col. Harris, of Virginia, and called sometimes " Har- 
 ris' Eclipse." He died on Manherrin river, Va., in 1771, aged 
 24 years. We do not vouch for the accuracy of the following 
 pedigree; the mare had seven colts by Partner, 1734, '37, '40, 
 '43, '45, '46 and '47. We have taken the last foal as the colt. 
 1st dam bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks ; 2d dam by 
 Greyhound; 3d dam by Makeless; 4tli dam by Brimmer; 5th 
 dam by Place's White Turk; 6th dam by Dodsworth; 7th dam 
 Lay ton Barb mare. 
 
 Eclipse, ch. c, foaled 1778, by Eclipse, bred by Sir J. Shelley. 
 This horse was imported and owned by Eichard B. Hall, of 
 Prince George county, Md., and was called Hall's Eclipse. 1st 
 dam Phoebe by Eegulus ; 2d dam by Cottingham ; 3d dam by 
 Snake ; 4th dam by Bald Galloway ; 5th dam by Lord Carlisle's 
 Turk. 
 
 Eclipse, b. c, foaled 1855, by Orlando, bred by Mr. Greville, im- 
 ported by E. Ten Broeck, and. owned by Frank Morris, Esq., 
 of New York. 1st dam Gaze (sister to Gasser) by Bay Middle- 
 ton ; 2d dam Flj'catcher by Godolphin ; 3d dam sister to Cob- 
 web by Phantom; 4th dam Filagree by Soothsayer; 5th dam 
 Web by Waxy ; 6th dam Penelope by Trumpator ; 7th dam 
 Prunella by Highflyer; 8th dam Promise by Snap; 9th dam 
 Julia by Blank; 10th dam Spectatoi-'s dam by Partner; 11th 
 dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Darley's Ara- 
 bian ; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by Taffolet Barb; 
 15th dam by Place's White Turk; 16th dam Natural Barb 
 mare. 
 
 Vol. L— 34 
 
530 THE HORSE. 
 
 Eclipse, ch. c. (called Northern Eclipse), imported, consigned to 
 Messrs. Wallace & Mnir, Annapolis, Md. By O'Kelly's Eclipse. 
 1st dam Amaryllis by Adolplms ; 2d dam by Cub ; 3d dam 
 (A. La Greque's dam) by Allworthy; 4tli dam by Bolton Star- 
 ling; otli dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks; 6tli dam Bay 
 Brocklesby by Old Partner ; 7tli dam Brocklesby by Grey- 
 hound ; 8th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 9th 
 dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by The Lister Turk. 
 
 Emancipation, b. c, foaled 1827, by Whisker, bred by Mr. Eid- 
 dell, and imported into Virginia, 1835, by Messrs. Merritt & 
 Co. 1st dam by Ardrossan (Beeswing's dam) ; 2d dam Lady 
 Eliza by Whitworth ; 3d dam X Y Z's dam by Spadille ; 4th 
 dam Sylvia by Young Marske ; 5th dam Ferrett by brother to 
 Silvio ; 6th dam by Kegulus ; 7th dam by Lord Morton's Ara- 
 bian ; 8tli dam by J\Iixbury ; 9th dam by Mulso's Bay Turk ; 
 10th dam by Bay Bolton; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam 
 by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam 
 by Bustler. 
 
 Emancipation Colt, ch. c, foaled 183G ; imported in New York. 
 By Emancipation before his importation ; dam Rosalind by 
 Paulowitz, foaled in England before her imi^ortation. (See 
 imported Rosalind.) 
 
 Emu, b. c, foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Hnntcr; imported by Thomas 
 Elintoff, Esq., of Nashville, Tenn. By Picton. 1st dam Cui- 
 rass by Oiseau ; 2d dam Castanea by Gohanna ; 3d dam Grey 
 Skin by Woodpecker; 4th dam Silver's dam by King Herod; 
 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam Hag by Crab ; 7th 
 dam Ebony by Childers ; 8tli dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 9th 
 dam the Massey mare. 
 
 Englishman, b. c, foaled 1812. The property of Walter Bell, of 
 Virginia; imported in his mother's belly. By imp. Eagle. 
 1st dam by Pot-oooooooo (sister to Timidity) ; 2d dam by Peg- . 
 asus; 3d dam by Highflyer; 4th dam Smallbones by Justice ; 
 5th dam by Pangloss ; 6th dam Riddle by Wolseley Barb ; 7th 
 dam Lady Augusta by Spot ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam sister 
 to Partner by Jigg; 10th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb; 11th dam by Old Spot; 12th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb ; 13th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Envoy, b. c, foaled 1833, by Memnon, bred by Mr. Mott; stood at 
 Le\tis K. Grigsby's, Winchester, Ky., in 1839. 1st dam Zarina 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 531 
 
 by Morisco ; 2d dam lua by Smoleusko ; 3d dam Morgiana by 
 Coriander ; 4th clam Fairy by Highflyer ; 5th dam Fairy Queen 
 by Young Cade ; Gth dam Eouth's Black Eyes by Crab ; 7th 
 dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 8th dam sister to Carlisle 
 gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam Wharton mare by his 
 Turk; 10th dam by Bald Galloway; 11th dam by Byerl^ 
 Turk. 
 Escape (called Horns formerl}'^, and so entered in English Stu( 
 Book), ch. c, foaled 1798, and imported into Virginia by Col. 
 Hoomes. By Precipitate. Died 1807. 1st dam by Wood- 
 pecker; 2d dam by Sweetbriar; 3d dam (Buzzard's dam) Miss- 
 fortune by Dux; 4th dam Curiosity, sister to Angelica by 
 Snap; 5th dam by Eegulus ; Gth dam by Bartlett's Childers; 
 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two 
 True Blues. 
 
 EsPERSYKES, br. c, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Allen ; imported by 
 Thomas Alderson, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By imported Behaz- 
 zar. 1st dam by Capsicum ; 2d dam Acldam Lass by Prime 
 Minister ; 3d dam Young Harriet by Camillus ; 4th dam Har- 
 riet by Precipitate; 5th dam Young Rachel by Volunteer; Gth 
 dam Eachel by Highflyer; 7th dam (sister to Tandem) by 
 Syphon ; 8th dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Snip; 10th dam by 
 Cottingham; 11th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake. 
 
 EuGEKius, ch. c, foaled 1770, bred by the Duke of Ancaster. By 
 Chrysolite. 1st dam Mixbury by Eegulus; 2d dam Little 
 Bowes by brother to Mixbury; 3d dam Bowes by Button's 
 Barb; 4th dam by Byerly Turk; 5th dam by Selaby Turk; 
 Gth dam Mr. Place's mare by Hautboy ; 7th dam sister to Mor- 
 gan Dun by a son of tlie Helmsley Turk; 8th dam by Dods- 
 worth ; 9th dam by Burton Barb. 
 
 Expedition", ch. c, foaled 1795, bred by Lord Egremont, and im- 
 ported into New York. By Pegasus. He stood in New Jersey 
 in 1802. 1st dam Actiye by Woodpecker ; 2d dam Laura by 
 Whistle- Jacket; 3d dam Pretty Polly by Starling; 4th dam 
 sister to Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 5th dam Mr Hanger's 
 brown mare by Stanyan's Arabian ; Gth dam Gipsey by King 
 William's Notongued Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam 
 Eoyal mare. 
 
 Express, b. c, foaled 1785, bred by Mr. Barton. By Postmaster. 
 1st dam by Syphon; 2d dam by Matchem; 3d dam by Snip; 
 
532 THE HORSE. 
 
 4th dam by Regulns ; 5tli dam Parker's Lady Thigli by Part- 
 ner; 6th dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks; 7th 
 dam by Greyhound ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brim- 
 mer; 10th dam by Place's White Turk; 11th dam by Dods- 
 worth ; 12th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 ExTOiS", b. c, foaled 1791, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. Addy. 1st dam 
 lo by Spectator; 2d dam by Blank; 3d dam Lord Leigh's 
 Diana by Second ; 4th dam Mr. Hanger's brown mare by Stan- 
 yan's Arabian ; 5 th dam Gipsey by King \yilliam's Notongued 
 Barb ; 6th dam by Makeless : 7th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Fairfax EoA]sr, alias Strawberry, alias Strawberry Eoan, r. c, 
 foaled 1764, bred by Mr. Simpson ; imported (it is believed) by 
 Lord Fairfax into Virginia during the Eevolutionary war. By 
 Adolphus. 1st dam by Mr. Smith's Tartar (a son of Croft's 
 Partner) ; 2d dam by Midge (son of Snake) ; 3d dam by Hip. 
 
 Fallower, c, foaled 1761, bred by Duke of Grafton. Imported 
 into South Carohna 1766, by Mr. Fenwick. By Blank. 1st 
 dam by Partner ; 2d dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 3d dam by 
 Greyhound ; 4th dam by Makeless; 5th dam by Brimmer; 6th 
 dam by Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dodsworth ; 8th dam 
 Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Fazzoletto, Jr., b. c, foaled 1859, imported in his mother's belly, by 
 Mr. Keene Eichards, Scott Co., Ky., by Eng. Faggoletto, dam 
 imp. Emilia by Young Emelius. (See Emilia.) 
 
 Fearnought, b. c, foaled 1755, bred by Mr. Warren, and imported 
 into Virginia in March, 1764, by Col. John Baylor. He died 
 in Greenville County, Va., the fall of 1776, aged 21 years. By 
 Eegulus. 1st dam Silvertail by Mr. Heneage's Whitenose ; 
 2d dam by Eattle ; 3d dam by Darley's Arabian ; 4th dam Old 
 Child mare by Sir T. Grcsley's bay Arabian ; 5th dam Mr. 
 Cook's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk; 6th dam Dodsworth's 
 dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Fellow, ch. c, foaled 1757, imported into Pennsylvania, the exact 
 date not known, or by whom imported. By Cade. 1st dam 
 by Duke of Bolton's Goliah ; 2d dam by Wilkinson's Turk ; 
 3d dam by Cupid. (See Pick.) 
 
 Felt, b. c, foaled 1826, by Langar, bred by Lord Sligo, and im- 
 ported in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam Steam 
 by Waxy Pope ; 2d dam Miss Stavely by Shuttle ; 3d dam by 
 Drone; 4th dam by Matchem; 5th dam Jocasta by Croft's 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 533 
 
 Forester ; 6tli dam Milksop by Cade ; 7th dam Miss Partner 
 by Partner; 8tli dam by Makeless; 9tli dam by Brimmer; 
 lOtli dam by Place's White Turk ; 11th dam by Dodsworth ; 
 12th dam Lay ton Barb mare. 
 
 Felt Hoese, ch. c, foaled 1836, imported in New York in 1838, by 
 Felt, before his importation. First dam imported Vaga ; he 
 was foaled in England. (See imported Vaga.) 
 
 Fiat, br. c, foaled 18G3, bred by Maj. Green Thompson, imported 
 into Canada 1865. By the Judge. 1st dam by Van Tromp ; 
 2d dam by Bay Middleton ; 3d dam Nitocris by Whisker ; 4th 
 dam Mauuella by Dick Andrews ; 5th dam Mandane by Pot- 
 8-o's; 6th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker; 7th dam 
 Camilla by Trentham; 8th dam Coquette by the Compton 
 Barb ; 9tli dam sister to Eegulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 
 10th dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 11th dam by 
 Snake ; 12th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Figure, b. c, foaled 1757, by Grey Figure ; imported by Dr. Ham- 
 ilton in the year 1765. 1st dam Young Mariamne by Crab; 
 2d dam Mariamne by Partner. 
 
 We cannot find this colt. He ran at Annapolis, in 1766, 
 winning a race at four heats ; he ran several other races. We 
 doubt the correctness of the pedigree on the dam's side. There 
 is no Mariamne by Partner, but in vol. 1, page 427, Mariamne 
 foaled 1748, by Lord Portmore's Victorious. We think the 
 following his correct pedigree : 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam 
 by Eichardson's Merlin ; 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th dam by 
 Burford Bull ; 5th dam by Devonshire Arabian. 
 
 Fieebrakd, ch. c, foaled 1802, by Buzzard, bred by the Duke of 
 Grafton, and imported by Gen. John McPherson, of South 
 Carolina. Said to have died on his passage. 1st dam Fanny 
 (sister to King Fergus) by Eclipse ; 2d dam Tuting's Polly by 
 Othello ; 3d dam Fanny by Tartar ; 4th dam by Starling ; 5t]i 
 dam by Childers ; 6th dam Lilliput's dam by Wilkinson's Barb ; 
 7th dam Mr. Milbank's Bald Peg. 
 
 Firetail, b. c, foaled 1795, by Phoenomenon, bred by Mr. Well^urn ; 
 imported by Messrs. Cain & Rea, of Orange County, N. C, in 
 1801 ; 1st dam Columbine by Espersykes ; 2d dam by Babra- 
 ham Blank ; 3d dam Tipsey by Starling ; 4th dam Switch by 
 Lonsdale Arabian ; 5th dam by Cyprus ; 6th dam Crab's dam 
 by Basto ; 7th dam sister to Mixbury by the Curwen Bay Bai'b ; 
 
534 TUB HOKSE. 
 
 8tli dam by Cunven Spot; 9tli dam White-legged Lowther 
 Barb ; 10th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Flag of Truce, br. c, by imported Sober John. First dam im- 
 ported Spanish mare Creeping Kate. Ean successfully up to 
 1767 ; stood that year at Mr. Peter Sinklers, St. Stephen 
 Parish, S. C, at £35. 
 
 Flatteree, b. c, foaled 1831, by Muley, bred by Sir M. Wood, and 
 imported in 1835. Stood at Samuel Mim's, Fayetteville, N. C, 
 in 1839. 1st dam Clare by Marmion ; 2d dam Harpalice by 
 Gohanna; 3d dam Amazon by Driver ; 4th dam Fractious by 
 Mercury ; 5th dam by Woodpecker ; 6th dam Everlasting by 
 Eclipse ; 7tli dam Hya?na by Snap ; 8th dam Miss Belsea by 
 Eegulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam Honey- 
 wood's Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Flexible, b. c, foaled 1822, by Whalebone, bred by Lord Egre- 
 mont, and imported in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 
 1st dam Themis by Sorcer ; 2d dam Hanna by Gohanna ; 3d 
 dam Humming-bird by Woodpecker; 4th dam Camilla by 
 Trentham; 5tli dam Coquette by the Compton Barb; 6th 
 dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 7th dam Gray 
 Eobinson by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Snake ; 9th dam Old 
 Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Flimnap, b. c, foaled 1765, by South, bred by Sir J. Moore, and 
 imported into South Carolina. 1st dam by Cygnet ; 2d dam 
 by Cartouch ; 3d dam Ebony by Childers ; 4th dam Old Ebony 
 by Basto ; 5th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's black Barb. 
 
 Floeizel, br. c, by Florizel, imported by Messrs. Eingold & Co. 
 The above horse was said to have been the property of Walter 
 Hillen, Esq., of Georgetown, D. C, and called Hillen's Florizel. 
 We can find the Alfred mare, but no produce, but presume the 
 following is correct, as Fairy Queen had the filly by Alfred in 
 1778. It is not stated when Florizel was foaled or by whom 
 imported. 1st dam by Alfred; 2d dam Fairy Queen by Young 
 Cade ; 3d dam Eouth's Black-Eyes by Crab ; 4th dam Warlock 
 Galloway by Snake ; 5th dam sister to Carlisle Gelding by the 
 Bald Galloway; 6th dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle 
 Turk ; 7th dam by Bald Galloway ; 8th dam by Byerley Turk. 
 
 Flt-bt-Night, br. c, foaled 1853, by The Flying Dutchman, bred 
 by M. Bowes, and imported by Col. John L. White, of Pittsyl- 
 vania Court House, Va., in January, 1858. 1st dam The Flap- 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 535 
 
 per by Touchstone ; 2d clam Mickleton Maid by Velocipede ; 
 3d dam Maid of Lime by AVhisker ; 4th dam Gibside Fairy by 
 Hermes ; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6tli dam Beatrice 
 by Sir Peter Teazle ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th dam 
 Duchess by Whitenose ; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young 
 True Blue; 10th dam by Oxford's Dun Arabian; 11th dam 
 D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal mare. 
 
 Fltijstg Childers, ch. c, foaled 18'38; imported by Major Cook, 
 New Jersey, with his dam, by Buskin, son of Tramp ; dam imp. 
 Prunella by Comus. (See imp. Prunella by Comus.) 
 
 Fop, g. c, foaled 1832, by Stumps, bred by Mr. Cookes, and im- 
 ported into Tennessee, by L. J. Polk, Esq. 1st dam by Fitz 
 James ; 2d dam by Windle ; 3d dam by Anvil ; 4th dam Virago 
 by Snap; 5th dam by Eegulus; 6tli dam sister to Black-and-all 
 Black by Crab ; 7tli dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 
 8th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 9th dam D'Arcy's 
 Blacklegged Eoyal mare. 
 
 FoREESTER, — c, foaled , by Magog (son of Matchem). He 
 
 stood in Kentucky, 1803. Not down in the Stud Book, First 
 dam by Barry's Forrester. 
 
 Frederick, ch. c, foaled 1810, by Selim, bred by Mr. Bell, and im- 
 ported by Mr. Bell in the fall of 1811. 1st dam by Pot-8-o's 
 (the dam of Englishman); 2d dam by Pegasus; 3d dam by 
 Highflyer; 4th dam Small Bones by Justice; 5th dam by 
 Pangloss; 6th dam Riddle by Wolsely Barb; 7th dam Lady 
 Augusta by Spot ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam sister to Partner 
 by Jigg ; 10th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 
 11th dam by Old Spot; 12th dam by White-legged Lowther 
 Barb ; 13th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Friar, b. c, foaled 1759, bred by Sir J. Moore, imported into South 
 Carolina, 1766, stood at Mr. Thomas Boone's Pon Pon, and up 
 to 1774 at Beach Hill. By South. 1st dam by Babraham; 2d 
 dam by Golden Ball ; 3d dam Bushey Molly by Hampton Court 
 Childers ; 4th dam Lord Halifax's Bushey Molly by Chestnut 
 Lytton Arabian , 5th dam Lord Halifax's Farmer mare by the 
 Chillaby Barb ; 6th dam Sir W. Ramden's Byerly Turk mare ; 
 7tli dam by Spanker. 
 
 Ftlde, b. c, foaled 1824, by Antonio, bred by Mr. Clifton, and im- 
 ported by Messrs. Avery Merritt and Townes, into Virginia in 
 August, 1832. Fylde got crij^pled in landing from the ship. 
 
536 THE HORSE. 
 
 1st dam Fadladinida by Sir Peter Teazle ; 2d dam Fanny by 
 Diomed ; 3d dam Ambrosia by "Woodpecker ; 4th dam Ruth by 
 Blank (sister to Highflyer's dam) ; 5th dam by Regulus ; Gth 
 dam by Soreheels ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Christopher 
 D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. 
 Gabeiel, b. e., foaled 1790, by Dorimaut, bred by Mr. Hull, and 
 imported or consigned to Col. Tayloe, of Virginia, in 1799. 
 Died in Virginia, 1800, aged 10 years. 1st dam by Highflyer; 
 2d dam by Snap; 3d dam by Chalkstone's dam by Shepherd's 
 Crab ; 4th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 5th dam Little Hart- 
 ley mare by Bartlett's Childers; Gth dam Flying Whig by 
 Woodstock Arabian ; 7th dam by St. Victor Barb ; 8tli dam by 
 Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 9th dam Royal mare. 
 
 Genius, b. c, foaled 1753, by Babraham, bred by Mr. Keck; (stood 
 in New York.) 1st dam Aura by the Stamford Turk ; 2d dam 
 by brother to Conqueror ; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 
 4th dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 5tli dam sister to Mix- 
 bury by the Curwen Bay Barb ; 6tli dam by Curwen Spot ; 7th 
 dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 8th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Gift, b. c, foaled 17G8, by Cadormus, bred by Mr. Lord, and im- 
 ported by Colonel Dangerfield, of Kent county, Va. 1st dam 
 imported Cub mare's dam by Second ; 2d dam by Starling ; 3d 
 dam sister to Vane's Little Partner by Partner ; 4th dam by 
 Greyhound; 5th dam by Makeless; Gth dam by Brimmer; 7th 
 dam by Place's White Turk ; 8th dam by Dodsworth ; 9th dam 
 Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Glencoe, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Sultan, bred by Lord Jersey, and 
 imported by James Jackson, of Florence, Ala., in 1836. 1st 
 dam Trampoline by Tramp ; 2d dam Web by Waxy ; 3d dam 
 Penelope by Trumpator ; 4th dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 5tli 
 dam Promise by Snap; Gth dam Julia by Blank; 7th dam 
 Spectator's dam by Partner ; 8th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bol- 
 ton ; 9th dam by Barley's Arabian ; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; 
 11th dam by Taffblet Barb; 12th dam by Place's White Turk; 
 13 th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Glenelg, b. c, foaled 186G, bred by Mr. R. W. Cameron, owned by 
 Mr. A. Belmont, New York. By Citadel (son of Stockwell) ; 
 dam Bapta by Kingston (which see). 
 
 Glenevis, br. c, foaled in 1866. Bred by Colonel Angerstein, 
 England. Imported by R. W. Cameron, Esq., of Clifton, Staten 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOIN^S. 537 
 
 Island, in 1866. Got by Oulston, dam Voliicris by Yoltigeur; 
 2d dam by The Doctor ; 3d dam Gray Araby by Talisman ; 4tli 
 dam Bay Araby by Camel ; 5tli dam Bay Bess by Sultan ; Gth 
 dam by Napoleon, Arabian ; 7th dam by Hippomenes ; 8th dam 
 by Quicksilver; 9tli dam by Doge. 
 
 Glengart, br. c, foaled 1866, bred by Mr. Lane, imported by Mr. 
 L. W. Jerome, New York. By Thormanby : dam Carbine by 
 Eifleman; 2d dam Troica by Lanercost; 3d dam Siberia by 
 Brutandorf; 4th dam by Blucher; 5th dam Opal by Sir Peter; 
 6th dam Olivia by Justice ; 7th dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 8th 
 dam by Kegulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by 
 Honey wood's Arabian ; 11th dam, dam of the two True Blues, 
 a Byerly mare. 
 
 Gouty, b. c, foaled 1796, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Sir F. Stand- 
 ish, and imported in 1806, by Eobert Eives, of Nelson county, 
 Virginia. 1st dam Yellow mare by Tandem ; 2d dam Perdita 
 by Herod ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 4th dam by For- 
 ester ; 5th dam by Partner ; Gth dam by Croft's Bay Barl^ ; 7th 
 dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by son of 
 Dodsworth ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Geanby, b. c, foaled 1759, by Blank, bred by Mr. Wildman (also 
 called Marquis of Granby). 1st dam by Crab; 2d dam by 
 Cyprus Arabian ; 3d dam by Commoner; 4th dam by Make- 
 less ; 5th dam by Brimmer ; 6th dam by Dicky Piersou ; 7th 
 dam by Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Greyhound, b. c, foaled 1791, by Sweetbriar, bred by Mr. Went- 
 worth. let dam Miss Green by Highflyer; 2d dam Harriet by 
 Matchem ; 3d dam Flora by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Bartlett's 
 Childers; 5th dam by Bay Bolton; 6tli dam by Belgrade 
 Turk. 
 
 Hambletoist, b. c, foaled 1791, by Dungannon, bred by Mr. Hutchi- 
 son, and imported by William Lightfoot, of Sandy Point, Va. 
 1st dam by Snap; 2d dam Young Marske's dam by Blank; 3d 
 dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 4th dam Miss Meynell 
 by Partner ; 5th dam l)y Greyhound ; 6th dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 8th dam by 
 Whiteshirt ; 9th dam Old Montague mare. 
 
 Hampton" Court, b. c, foaled 1864, bred by Mr. Greville ; imported 
 by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York, By Young Melbourn. 
 
538 THE HORSE. 
 
 1st dam Durindana by Orlando, dam of Mantrap, Miss Palmer- 
 ston and Dundee; 2d dam Despatch Ijy Defence (dam of Her- 
 mes, Milo and Konconi) ; 3d dam Nannette (sister to Glancus) 
 by Partizan; 4th dam Nanine by Selim; 5 th dam Bizarre by 
 Peruvian (dam of Scarpa) ; 6th dam Violante by Jolm Bail 
 (dam of Hetman and Finesse) ; 7th dam sister to Skyscraper 
 by Highflyer; 8th dam Everlasting by Eclipse; 9th dam 
 Hysena by Snap; 10th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulns; 11th dam 
 by Bartlett's Childers ; 12th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 
 13th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Harkforwaed, b. c, foaled in 1840, by Economist, bred by Mr. 
 Ferguson, and imported by Judge Alexander Porter, Oak Lawn, 
 near Franklin, La., in the spring of 1841. 1st dam Harkaway's 
 dam by Nabocklish ; 2d dam Miss Toialeyby Teddy the Grinder; 
 3d dam Lady Jane by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Paulina by 
 Florizel ; 5 th dam Captive by Matchem ; 6tli dam Calliope by 
 Slouch ; Ytli dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 8th dam by 
 Old Traveler; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Greyhound; 10th 
 dam by Partner ; lltli dam, dam of the Lambton Miss Doe by 
 Woodcock; 12th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 13th dam Desde- 
 moua's dam by Makeless; 14tli dam by Brimmer; 15th dam 
 by Dicky Pierson; 16tli dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 HarthstCtTON", b. c, foaled 1859, bred by Mr. Eobinson ; imported 
 by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Voltigeur: dam 
 Countess of Burlington by Touchstone ; 2d dam Lady Emily 
 by Muley Moloch ; 3d dam Caroline by Whisker ; 4th dam Gib- 
 side Fairy by Hermes ; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6th 
 dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th 
 dam Duchess by Whiten ose; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by 
 Young True Blue ; 10th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 
 11th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Hector, bL c, foaled 1745, by Lath, bred by Lord Hartington, and 
 imported by Col. Marshall, 1st dam by Childers (sister to 
 Snip) ; 2d dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 3d dam sister to 
 Mixbury Galloway by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 4tli dam by Old 
 Spot ; 5th dam by Wliite-legged Lowther Barb ; 6th dam Old 
 Vintner mare. 
 
 Hedgeford, br. c, foaled 1825, by Filho da Puta, bred by Mr. Myt- 
 ton. Imported by William Jackson, New York, 1832. Died 
 1840 in Kentucky. 1st dam Miss Craige by Orville ; 2d dam 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOKS. 539 
 
 Marcliioness by Lurcher ; 3cl dam Miss Cogden by Phoenome- 
 non; 4th dam by Young Marske; 5th dam by Silvio ; Gtli dam 
 Mr. Hutton's Daphne by Eeguhis ; 7th dam Brandy ISTan by 
 Sedbury; 8th dam by Starling; 9th dam, dam of Hutton's 
 Spot by a son of his Grey Barb; 10th dam by Coneyskins; 
 11th dam by Hautboy. 
 
 Heeald, ch. c, foaled 1839, bred by Col. Wade Hampton, South 
 Carolina. Imported in his mother's belly by English Plenipo- 
 tentiary; dam imp. Delphine by Whisker. (See Delphine.) 
 
 Heecules, b. c, foaled 1857, bred by Mr. J. B. Shepherd. Sent to 
 California, 1863. By Kingston. 1st dam daughter of Toscar 
 by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam Malvina by Oscar ; 3d dam Spot- 
 less by W^alton ; 4th dam by Trumpator ; 5th dam by High- 
 flyer; 6th dam Otheothea byOtho; 7th dam by Snap; 8th 
 dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam Wildair's dam by Steady ; 10th dam 
 by Partner; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam Chestnut 
 Layton by Makelees. 
 
 Heeo, b. c, foaled 1747, by Blank, the property of the Duke of 
 Bridgewater. First dam by Godolphin Arabian. See E. E. C. 
 for 1762, page — . 
 
 Heeod, g. c, foaled 1792, by Young King Herod, and imported 
 into Virginia by Col. Hoomes (it is supposed), and called Hil- 
 ton's Kins Herod. He is not in the Stud Book. He was said 
 to be imported in 1796. 1st dam by Conductor ; 2d dam by 
 Florizel ; 3d dam by Matchem. 
 
 Hibiscus, br. c, foaled 1834, by Sultan, bred by Lord Exeter, and 
 imported in 1840, by Mr. Freyer, South Carolina. 1st dam 
 Duchess of York by Waxy; 2d dam Moses' dam by Gohanna; 
 3d dam Grey Skim by Woodpecker; 4th dam by Herod; 5th 
 dam Young Hag by Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam 
 Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey 
 mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Highflyer (Cragg's), br.c, foaled 1782, by Highflyer, bred by Lord 
 Egremont. He sired Lee Boo and other good runners. Im- 
 ported 1778 into Virginia. 1st dam Angelica by Snap; 2d dam 
 by Eegulus; 3d dam byBartlett's Childers; 4th dam by Honey- 
 wood's Arabian ; 5th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Highlander, g. c, foaled 1783, l)y Bordeaux, bred by Mr. Doug- 
 las. Imported into New York 1794. 1st dam Tetotum by 
 Matchem; 2d dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel; 3d dam 
 
540 THE nOESE, 
 
 Cypron (Herod's dam) by Blaze ; 4th dam Selima by Bethell's 
 Arabian ; 5tli dam hj Graliam's Champion ; Gth dam hy Bar- 
 ley's Arabian; 7th dam by Merlin. 
 HiLLSBOEOUGH, b. c, foalcd 1858 ; imported with his dam by Mr. 
 A. Keene Richards, Kentucky. By Stockwell; dam imp. mare 
 by Lanercost ; 2d dam The Nun by Catton. (See imp. Laner- 
 cost mare.) 
 
 IIOB-OR-sroB, b. c, foaled 1747, by Goliah, run by Mr. Eeynolds. 
 First dam by Bald Galloway. He is not down in the Stnd 
 Book. See English Eacing Calendar, 1754, page 242, for the 
 years 1758 and 1759, for 1758 page 42, for 1759 page 32. It 
 appears in 1758, page IIG, that Mr. Reynolds' Hob-or-Nob was 
 by Babraham. 
 
 Honest John, br. c, foaled 1794, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. 
 Milbanke, and imported by Dr. James Tate, of Philadelphia, 
 Pa. 1st dam by Magnet (sister to Windlestone); 2d dam by 
 Le Sang ; 3d dam by Rib ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith's 
 son of Snake ; 5th dam by Montague ; Gth dam by Hautboy ; 
 7tli dam by Brimmer. 
 
 HooTON", b. c, foaled 1840, bred by Mr. Worthington ; imported 
 into United States by . Stood in Kentucky. By Des- 
 pot. 1st dam by Catton; 2d dam Melrose by Pilgarlick; 3d 
 dam by Whisker ; 4th dam by Orville; 5th dam Otterington's 
 dam by Expectation ; Gth dam by Spadille ; 7th dam Grog's 
 dam by Alfred; 8tli dam by Locust; 9fch dam by Changeling; 
 10th dam by Cade. 
 
 Hugh Lupus, b. c, foaled 183G, bred by 'My. Mostyn, and imported 
 to New Orleans, La. By Priam. 1st dam Her Highness by 
 Moses; 2d dam Princess Royal by Castrel; 3d dam Queen of 
 Diamonds by Diamond ; 4th dam by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5th dam 
 Lucy by Florizel ; Gth dam Frenzy by Eclij)se ; 7th dam by 
 Engineer; 8 tli dam by Blank; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Traveler; lOtli dam Miss Makeless l)y Young Greyhound; 
 11th dam by Old Partner; 12tli dam Miss Doe's dam by Wood- 
 cock ; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 14th dam Desdemona's 
 dam by Makeless; 15tli dam by Brimmer ; IGth dam by Dicky 
 Pierson ; 17th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 HuEEAH, b. c, foaled 18G2, bred by Rawcliff Stud Co. Imported 
 by John Reber, Esq., Lancaster, Ohio. By Newminster : dam 
 Jovial by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam (sister to Grey Momus) by 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOXS. 541 
 
 Comus; 3d dam by Cervantes; 4th dam Emma by Don Cos- 
 sack ; 5tli dam Vesta by Delpini ; Gtli dam Faith by Pacolet ; 
 7th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 8th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Oroonoko ; Otli dam by Old Traveler ; 10th dam Miss Makeless 
 by Young Greyhound; lltli dam by Old Partner; 12th dam 
 by Woodcock; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 14th dam by 
 Makeless; loth dam by Brimmer; IGth dam by Dicky Pierson; 
 17th dam Burton Bar!) mare. 
 
 Iota, b. c, foaled 1854; bred by Mr. J. Milner. Sent to New 
 Orleans, 1850. By Storm or Maroon. 1st dam Beta by Vol- 
 tair ; 2d dam by Eaphael ; 3d dam sister to Eosette by Benning- 
 brougli; 4th dam Eosamond by Tandem; 5th dam Tuberose 
 by Herod; Gtli dam Grey Starling by Starling; 7th dam 
 Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers; 8th dam by Counsellor; 
 9th dam by Snake; 10th dam by Luggs; 11th dam by Davill's 
 Old Woodcock. 
 
 Jack Andeews, b. c, foaled 1794, by Joe Andrev/s, bred by Mr. 
 Lord, and imported by William Lightfoot, Sandy Point, Va. 
 1st dam by Highflyer; 2d dam by Cardinal Puff; 3d dam by 
 Tatler; 4th dam by Snip; 5tli dam by Godolphin Arabian; 
 Gth dam hj Frampton's Whiteneck ; 7th dam by Pelham 
 Barb. 
 
 Jack of Diamonds, b. c, foaled , by the Cullen Arabian, bred 
 
 by , and imported by Gen. Spotswood, of Virginia. He 
 
 was a dark bay horse, with a spot in the shape of a diamond in 
 his face. We cannot find him in the Stud Book. He stood at 
 Solomon Dunn's, in Virginia, 17G3. 1st dam by Darley Ara- 
 bian; 2d dam by Byerly Turk; 3d dam by Taffolet Barb; 4tli 
 dam by Place's White Turk ; 5th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Janus, ch. c, foaled 174G, by Old Janus (son of the Godolphin Ara- 
 bian out of the Little Hartley mare), bred by Mr. Sw3^mmer, im- 
 ported into Virginia about the year 1752. He was the property 
 of John Goode, Sr., of Mecklenburgh count}^, Va., who agreed 
 to give £150, Virginia currency, for him, provided he was safely 
 delivered at his stable, in the winter of 1779 or 1780, being in 
 the 34th year of his age. Janus started for the stable of Mr. 
 Goode, as aforesaid, and progressed as far as the stable of Col. 
 Haynes, where he died in 1780. This colt is not laid down in 
 the Stud Book or Pacing Calendar. He was foaled before the 
 issue of either. No doubt a correct pedigree. 1st dam by Fox ; 
 2d dam by the Bald Galloway. 
 
543 THE nOESE. 
 
 John Bull, b. c, foaled 1833, by Chateaux Margaux, purchased by- 
 Mr. Tattersall for Captain E. F. Stockton, and imported in 
 1834, when a yearhng. We do not doubt this pedigree, but in 
 vol. 3, page 305, of the English Stud Book, this mare has no 
 foal credited for 1833. Her last foal was to Sultan, in 1831, 
 and note at the bottom states that she was sent to Germany. 
 1st dambyWoful; 2d dam sister to Brandon by Benin gbrough ; 
 3d dam Miss Tomboy by Highflyer ; 4th dam by Shakespeare ; 
 5th dam Barbara by Snap; 6th dam Miss Vernon by Cade; 
 7th dam sister to Sphister by Partner; 8th dam sister to 
 Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 9tli dam by Gre3'hound ; 
 10th dam by Makeless ; 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam by 
 Place's White Turk; 13th dam by Dodsworth ; 14th dam Lay- 
 ton Barb mare. 
 
 John" Bull, ch. c, foaled 1789, by Fortitude, bred by Lord Gros- 
 
 venor, imported by . 1st dam Xantippe (sister to Don 
 
 Quixote) by Eclipse ; 2d dam Grecian Princess by William's 
 Forester ; 3d dam by the Coalition Colt ; 4th dam by Bustard. 
 
 Jolly Eogee (in the EngHsli Stud Book, Eoger of the Vale), ch. c, 
 
 foaled 1741, bred by Mr. Craddock, imported by . He 
 
 died at James Belford's, Greenville county, Va., in 1772, aged 
 31 years. By Eoundhead. 1st dam sister to Wllkie mare by 
 Croft's Partner ; 2d dam by Woodcock ; 3d dam by Croft's Bay 
 Barb; 4th dam by Makeless ; 5th dam by Brimmer; Gth dam 
 by Dicky Pierson ; 7th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Jonah, b. c, foaled 1795, by Escape, bred by Mr. Baker; imported 
 by Gov. James Turner, of North Carolina, who transferred him 
 to Mr. Caleb Bush, about 1803. 1st dam Lavender by Herod; 
 2d dam by Snap ; od dam Miss Eoan ( Sweet william's dam) by 
 Cade ; 4th dam Madam hj Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam sister to 
 Matchem's dam by Partner ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7th dam 
 by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White Turk ; 9th dam by 
 Dodsworth ; 10th dam Laytou Barlj mare. 
 
 JoRDON, ch. c, foaled 1833, by Langar, bred by the Duke of Cleve- 
 land, and imported in 18 — , by . 1st dam Matilda by 
 
 Comus; 2d dam Julianna by Gob anna; 3d dam Platina by 
 Mercury; 4th dam by Herod ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim; 
 Gth dam Hag by Crab; 7th dam Ebony by Childers; 8th dam 
 Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black 
 Barb. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 543 
 
 Julius Cj5:sae (Mr. Cross'), bred by Mr. Crofts, foaled 1757. By 
 Young Cade. 1st dam by Snip; 2d dam by Lonsdale Ara- 
 bian. 
 
 Junius, bl. c, foaled 1754, by Starling, bred by Mr. Williams ; import- 
 ed in 1759. 1st dam by Crab; 2d dam by Monkey (brother to 
 Mixbury) ; 3d dam by Basto; 4tli dam by Ciirwen's Bay Barb ; 
 5tli dam by Curwen's Spot ; Gtli dam by Wliite-legged Lowtlier 
 Barb ; 7tli dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Juniper, b. c, foaled 1752, by Babraliam, bred by Mr. Gorges, and 
 imported by Col. Syme, of Virginia, in 1761. 1st dam Aura by 
 Stamford Turk; 2d dam by brother to Conqueror; 3d dam 
 sister to Snip by Childers; 4th dam sister to Soreheels by 
 Basto ; 5th dam sister to Mixbury Galloway by Curwen's Bay 
 Barb ; 6th dam by Curwen's Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barl) ; 8tli dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Justice, ch. c, said to have been foaled in 1752, by Regulus, bred 
 by William Manby, of Gloucestershire, England ; imported into 
 Virginia. We find Sweepstakes, but no produce given ; likely 
 a correct pedigree. For pedigree of Sweepstakes, see E. S. B., 
 vol. 1, page 433. He was imported into Virginia, and stood in 
 Prince George county, in 1761. 1st dam Duke of Bolton's 
 Sweepstakes by Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 2d dam by Bay Bolton ; 
 3d dam by Basto. 
 
 Justice, b. c, foaled 1759, by Blank, bred by Lord Bolingbroke. 
 1st dam Aura by Stamford Turk ; 2d dam by brother to Con- 
 queror ; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 4th dam sister to 
 Soreheels by Basto ; 5tli dam by the Curwen Bay Barb ; 6th 
 dam by Curwen's Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther 
 Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Justice, b. c, foaled 1782, bred by Mr. Fenwicke ; imported into 
 South Carolina by Major Butler. By Justice. 1st dam Miss 
 Timms by Matchem ; 2d dam by Squirt ; 3d dam (Lot's dam) 
 by Mogul ; 4th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam Old 
 Lady by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 6th dam by Eockwood ; 
 7th dam by Bustler. 
 
 KiLTON, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Figaro, bred by Mr. Eussel, and im- 
 ported by Thomas H. Perkins, of Boston, Mass., in 1834. The 
 Stud Book states that this colt died a foal. 1st dam by Black- 
 lock ; 2d dam Selina by Delpini ; 3d dam by Beningbrough ; 
 4th dam by Highflyer ; 5th dam Sincerity by Matchem ; 6tli 
 
544 THE nOESE. 
 
 dam Papillon by Snap ; 7tli dam Miss Cleveland by Regulus ; 
 8th dam Midge by a sou of Bay Bolton ; 9th dam 1)y Bartlett's 
 Childcrs; 10th dam by Honey wood's Arabian; 11th dam, dam 
 of the two True Blues. 
 
 KiKG Ernest, b. c, foaled 18G9, bred by Sir L. Newman, imported 
 by Mr. D. D. Withers, New York. By King Tom : dam Ernes- 
 tine by Touchstone ; 2d dam Lady Geraldine by The Colonel ; 
 i 3d dam Nurse by Neptune ; 4th dam Otis by Bustard ; 5th dam 
 by Election ; Gth dam by Highflyer ; 7th dam by Eclipse ; 8th 
 dam Eosebud by Snap ; 9th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 10th 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Honeywood's Ara- 
 bian ; 12th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 King of Ctmry, b. c, foaled 1847, bred by Sir W. W. Wynn ; im- 
 ported and ow^ned by Capt. McKinnon, of Wisconsin. By 
 Touchstone. ] st dam Merganser by Merchant ; 2d dam Shov- 
 eler by Scud ; 3d dam Goosander by Hambletonian ; 4th dam 
 Rally by Trumpator; 5tli dam Fancy, sister to Diomed by 
 Elorizel ; Gth dam by Spectator ; 7th dam by Blank ; 8th dam 
 by Childers; 9th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 10th 
 dam by Paget Turk ; 11th dam Betty Percival by Leede's Ara- 
 bian ; 12th dam l:)y Spanker. 
 
 King Hiram, — c, foaled , by Clay Hall (son of Clay Hall 
 
 Marske). We find no produce of Yarieo or Rockingham mare, 
 but presume the pedigree to be correct. 1st dam by Rocking- 
 ham ; 2d dam Yarieo (dam of Little Flyer) by Eclipse ; 3d 
 dam Fidget by Spectator ; 4tli dam Gaudy, sister to Chrysolite 
 by Blank; 5tli dam by Crab; Gth dam by Childers; 7th dam 
 Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 8th dam by Paget Turk; 9th 
 dam Betty Percival by Leede's Arabian ; 10th dam by Spanker. 
 
 King William, b. c, foaled 1777, by Herod, bred by Mr. A. Smith, 
 and imported by Mr. Skinner, of Hartford, Conn. 1st dam 
 Madcap by Snap ; 2d dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 3d dam 
 Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers; 4th dam Flying 
 Whig, by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 5th dam by St. Vic- 
 tor Barb ; Gth dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 
 7th dam Royal mare. 
 
 King William, ch. c, foaled 1781, by Florizel, bred by Mr. Vernon, 
 and imported by Dr. Norris, Chester county, Pa., in 1795. 1st 
 dam Milliner by Match em; 2d dam Cassandra by Blank; 3d 
 dam sister to Snip by Childers; 4tli dam sister to Soreheels by 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 545' 
 
 Basto ; 5th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Gtli dam by Curwon's 
 Spot ; 7th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb : 8th dam Old 
 Vintner mare. 
 
 KxiGHT OF St. George, br, c, foaled 1851, by Irish Birdcatcher, 
 bred by Mr. Disney, and imported by A. Keene Richards, of 
 Scott county, Ky. 1st dam Maltese by Hetmann Platoff ; 2d 
 dam Water Witch by Sir Hercules ; 3d dam Mary Anne by Waxy 
 Pope ; 4th dam Witch by Sorcerer ; 5th dam by Precipitate ; 
 6th dam Diddler's dam by Highflyer ; 7th dam by Goldlinder ; 
 8th dam by Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 9th dam Herod's 
 dam by Blaze ; 10th dam Selima by Bethell's Arabian ; 11th 
 dam by Graham's Champion; 12th dam by Barley's Arabian; 
 13 th dam by Merlin. 
 
 Kkowslet, b. c, foaled 1795, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. 
 Walker; imported into Virginia, 1802, by William Lightfoot. 
 1st dam Capella by Herod ; 2d dam Miss Cape by Regulus ; od 
 dam Blackeyes by Crab ; 4th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 
 5tli dam sister to Carlisle gelding by Bald Galloway ; Gth dam 
 Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 7th dam by Bald 
 Galloway ; 8th dam by Bald Galloway. 
 
 KouLi KHA]sr, b. c, foaled 1772, by the Vernon Arabian, bred l^y 
 Lord March. 1st dam Rosemary by Blossom ; 2d dam by An- 
 caster Starling ; 3d dam by Grasshopper ; 4th dam by Sir M. 
 Newton's Arabian ; 5tli dam by Old Pert ; Gth dam by St. 
 Martin's ; 7th dam by Sir E. Hale's Turk ; 8th dam the Old 
 Field mare. 
 
 Langford, br. c, foaled 1833, by Starch, bred by Mr. Corbin, and 
 imported by Com. Stockton, of New Jersey. 1st dam Peri by 
 Wanderer; 2d dam Thalestris by Alexander; 3d dam Rival by 
 Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Hornet by Drone ; 5th dam Manilla 
 by Goldfinder ; Gth dam Mr. Goodrich's Old England mare ; 
 7th dam by Cullen's Arabian; 8tli dam Miss Cade by Cade; 
 9th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound ; 10th dam by 
 Partner; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; 12th dam 
 by Croft's Bay Barb ; 13th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 
 14th dam by Brimmer ; 15tli dam by Dicky Pierson ; 1 Gth dam 
 Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Lapdog, b. c, foaled 1823, by Whalebone, bred by Lord Egremont, 
 and imported hj James Jackson, Alal)ama, in 1835. 1st dam 
 by Canopus ; 2d dam by Young Woodpecker ; 3d dam Frac- 
 VoL. I.— 35 
 
546 THE nOKSE. 
 
 tions by Mercury ; 4tli dam by Woodpecker ; 5tli dam Ever- 
 lasting ])y Eclipse ; Gtli dam Hya}na by Snap ; 7th dam Miss 
 Belsea by Eegnlus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam 
 Honoywood's Arabian ; lOtli dam, dam of the tAvo True Blues. 
 
 Lapidist, b. c, foaled 1849, by Touchstone, bred by Col. Peel, and 
 imported by Mr. John Simpson into Canada, in 1858 ; now the 
 property of Philo C. Bush, of New York. 1st dam lo by Tau- 
 rus ; 2d dam Arethissa by Quiz ; 3d dam Persepolis by Alexan- 
 der; 4th dam sister to Tickle Toby by Alfred; 5th dam Caelia 
 by Herod; Ctli dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske; 
 7th dam Spiletta by Eegulus; 8tli dam Mother AVestern by 
 Smith's son of Snake ; 9th dam by D'Arcy's Old Montague ; 
 10th dam by Hautboy; 11th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Lath, bred by Mr. Vernon, foaled 1763, by Shepherd's Crab, and 
 imported (it is said) by James Delancey, of New York, in 1768. 
 He could not have been imported that year, as he ran in Eng- 
 land in 1770, at Warwick. Appears in the Stud Book, vol. 1, 
 page 57, as Protector. 1st dam Crazy by Lath; 2d dam by 
 Childers ; 3d dam Basto mare (sister to Soreheels by Basto) ; 
 4th dam sister to Mixbury Galloway by Curwen Bay Barb; 5th 
 dam by Curwen's Spot; 6tli dam by White-legged Lowther 
 Barb ; 7th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Lawtee, The, — c, foaled 1852, bred by Mr. Woffinden; imported 
 into California by William Hood, Esq., 1854. By Flatcatcher. 
 1st dam Eoyalty (first called Mrs. Wright) by Bay Middleton ; 
 2d dam Hoyden by Tomboy ; 3d dam Eocbana by Velocipede ; 
 4th dam Miss Garforth by Walton ; 5tli dam by Hyacinthus ; 
 6th dam Zara by Delpini ; 7th dam Flora by King Fergus ; 
 8th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Oroonoko ; 10th dam by Old Traveler ; 11th dam Miss Makeless 
 by Young Greyhound ; 12th dam by Old Partner ; 13th dam by 
 Woodcock ; 14th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 15th dam Desde- 
 mona's dam by Makeless ; 16th dam by Brimmer; 17th dam' 
 by Dicky Pierson ; 18th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Leamikgton", br. c, foaled 1853 ; bred by Mr. Halford, of England ; 
 imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton, Staten Island, N. Y. ; 
 sired by Faugh -a-Ballagh. 1st dam by Pataloon; 2d dam 
 Daphne by Laurel ; 3d dam Maid of Honor by Champion ; 4th 
 dam Etiquette by Orville ; 5th dam Boadecia by Alexander ; 
 6th dam Brunette by Amaranthus; 7th dam Mayfly by 
 Matchem ; 8th dam by Ancaster Starling ; 9th dam l^y Grass^ 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 54? 
 
 hopper; 10th clam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian; 11th dam by 
 Pert ; 12th dam by St. Martin's ; 13th dam by Sir E. Hale's 
 Arabian ; 14th dam the Old Field mare. 
 
 Leviathak (formerly called Mezereon), ch. c, foaled 1823, bred by 
 Painter, and imported by James Jackson & Co., into Alabama, 
 1830. By Muley. 1st dam by Windle; 2d dam by Anvil ; 3 
 dam Virago (Sal tram's dam) by Snap; 4th dam by Regnluf 
 5th dam sister to Black-and-all-Black by Crab ; 6tli dam Mk 
 Slammerkin by Young True Blue ; 7th dam by Oxford Ara- 
 bian ; 8 th dam Miss D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Light Ixfantrt, bred by Eichard Gulston, of Clandon, in Surrey, 
 England. We give his pedigree as found in Edgar. By 
 Eclipse (foaled 1779). See E. R. C. for 1783, page 154. let 
 dam by Feather ; 2d dam by Childers ; 3d dam by Partner ; 
 4th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; Gth 
 dam by Makeless; 7th dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's 
 White Turk ; 9th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 LocHiEL, b. c, foaled 1856, bred by ; imported by E. W. 
 
 Cameron, Esq. By Sweetmeat. 1st dam The Mitre by Cowl ; 
 2d dam Eed Eose by Eubini ; 3d dam Sweetbriar by Sultan ; 
 4th dam Antiope by Whalebone ; 5th dam Amazon by Driver; 
 6th dam Fractious by Mercury ; 7th dam by Woodpecker ; 8tli 
 dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 9th dam Hyania by Snap ; 10th 
 dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus; 11th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 
 12th dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 13th dam Byerly marc, 
 dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Lofty (first called Deputy), b. c, foaled 1753, by Godolphin Ara- 
 bian, bred by Mr. Panton. He stood at Thomas Good's, Ches- 
 terfield county, Virginia, in 1762. 1st dam Spinster (the Wid- 
 dington mare) by Partner; 2d dam sister to Squirrel's dam by 
 Bloody Buttocks ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam by Make- 
 less; 5th dam by Brimmer; 6th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 7th dam by Dodsworth ; 8th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Loftt, h., by Snap ; was imported into South Carolina, and stood 
 at Mr. Arthur Middleton's, on Ashley Eiver, in 1772. 
 
 LoNGWAiSTE, b. c, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Nowell ; imported by 
 Capt. W. J. Minor, Mississippi. By Longwaiste : dam by Mu- 
 ley; 2d dam Lady Ern by Stamford; 3d dam by Trumpator; 
 4th dam Demiremp by Highflyer ; 5th dam Brim by Squirrel ; 
 6th dam Helen by Blank ; 7th dam by Crab ; 8th dam sister to 
 Partner. 
 
548 THE nOESE. 
 
 Lonsdale, b. c, by Jolly Eoger (son of the Gower stallion in Eng- 
 land). We give liis pedigree as found in American Turf Eegis- 
 ter, which states that Lonsdale and his dam were both imported 
 into Virginia. 1st dam by Monkey ; 2d dam Lonsdale's black 
 Arabian ; 3d dam Lonsdale's bay Arabian ; 4tli dam by Coney- 
 skins ; 5tii dam by Dodsworth ; Gtli dam D'Arcy's Royal mare. 
 
 LuDFOED, ch. c, foaled 1832, bred by F. R. Price ; imported 1839. 
 By Wamba. Know nothing of him in America. 1st dam Idalia 
 by Peruvian ; 2d dam Musidora by Meteor ; 3d dam Maid of 
 All Work by Highflyer ; 4tb dam by Sj^Dhon ; 5th dam hj 
 Regulus ; Gth dam by Snip ; 7th dam by Cottingham ; Sth dam 
 Warlock Galloway by Snake. 
 
 LuECHEE, b. c, foaled 1832, by Greyleg, bred by Mr. Mills ; im- 
 ported by A. J. Davie, Esq., North Carolina. 1st dam Harpa- 
 lice by Gohanna; 2d dam Amazon by Driver; 3d dam Frac- 
 tious by Mercury; 4tli dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Ever- 
 lasting by Eclipse ; 6th dam Hyc^na by Snap ; 7tli dam Miss 
 Belsea by Regulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9tli dam 
 by Honeywood's Arabian; lOtli dam, dam of the two True 
 Blues. 
 
 LuzBOEOTJGH, br. c, foaled 1820, by AVilliamson's Ditto, bred by Mr. 
 Meynell, and imported into Virginia, 1832, by Messrs. Avery, 
 Merritfc & Townes. Died in Georgia, 1840. 1st dam by Dick 
 Andrews ; 2d dam Eleanor by Whiskey ; 3d dam Young Gi- 
 antess (dam of Sorcerer) by Diomed; 4tli dam Giantess by 
 Matchem ; 5tli dam Molly Longlegs by Babraham ; 6th dam 
 by Cole's Foxhunter ; 7th dam by Partner ; 8th dam sister to 
 Roxana by the Bald Galloway ; 9th dam sister to Chanter by 
 Ancaster Turk; lOtli dam by Leede's Arabian ; 11th dam by 
 Spanker. 
 
 Ltcltegus, ch. c, foaled 1767 by Blank, bred by the Duke of An- 
 caster. Lycurgus was full brother to the imported mare, 
 Bonny Lass. 1st dam Bonny Lass by Snip ; 2d dam by Lath ; 
 3d dam by Eastby Snake; 4tli dam Grey Wilkes (sister to 
 Clumsy) by Hautboy. 
 
 Magic, ch. c, foaled 1794, by Volunteer, bred by Lord Sackville, 
 and imported by Gov. James Turner, of Warren county, N. C. 
 1st dam Marcella by Mambrino ; 2d dam Medea by Sweetbriar; 
 3d dam Angelica by Snap ; 4th dam by Regulus ; 5th dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th 
 dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIOKS. 549 
 
 Magn"etic Needle, b. c, foaled 1787, by Magnet; imported from 
 England, December, 1793. This horse stood near Trenton, 
 N. J., in 1794. 1st dam sister to dam of Enphrosjne and Tha- 
 lia by Sweetbriar ; 2d dam Rarity by Matcliem ; 3d dam Snap- 
 dragon by Snap ; 4tli dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Bartlett's 
 Childers; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 7th dam, dam 
 of the two True Blues. 
 
 MAGiSrtJM BoisruM, r. c, foaled 1773, by Matchem, bred by Mr. 
 Bethell, and imported by Freeman Kelborn, of Hartford, Conn. 
 1st dam by Swift; 2d dam by Eegulus; 3d dam Dairy Maid 
 by Bloody Buttocks ; 4th dam Bay Brocklesby by Partner ; 5th 
 dam by Greyhound ; Cth dam by Brocklesby Betty by Cur- 
 Aven's Bay Barb ; 7th dam Leede's Hobby mare by the Lister 
 Turk. 
 
 Manfred, b. c, foaled 1796, by Woodpecker, bred by Lord Egre- 
 mont ; imported by Col. John Hoomes, of Virginia, and there 
 died. 1st dam by Mercury (sister to Mother Bunch) ; 2d dam by 
 Highflyer ; 3d dam by Snap ; 4th dam Miss Middleton by Eeg- 
 ulus ; 5th dam Camilla by a son of Bay Bolton ; 6tli dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 8tli 
 dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Maistgo, br. c, foaled 1834, by Emilius, bred by Mr. Greyille, owned 
 in 1860 by J. & A. Bathgate, Morrisania, !N". Y. 1st dam Mus- 
 tard by Merlin ; 2d dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Hornby 
 Lass by Buzzard; 4tli dam Puzzle by Matchem; 5th dam 
 Princess by Herod ; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7th dam Spec- 
 tatoi-'s dam by Partner ; 8th dam by Bay Bolton (Bonny Lass) ; 
 9 th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 10th dam by Byerly Turk ; 
 11th dam by Taffolet Barb ; 12th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 13th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Margeave, c. c, foaled 1829, by Muley, bred by Mr. Dilley, and 
 imported in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam by 
 Election ; 2d dam Fair Helen by Hambletouian ; 3d dam 
 Helen by Delpini ; 4th dam Eosalind by Phenomenon ; 5th 
 dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 6th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroo- 
 noko ; 7th dam by Old Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makcless by 
 Young Greyhound ; 9th dam by Old Partner ; 10th dam Lamb- 
 ton's Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock; lltli dam by Croft's Bay 
 Barb ; 12th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 13th dam by 
 Brimmer ; 14th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 15th dam Burton Barb 
 mare. 
 
550 THE HORSE. 
 
 Marplot, foaled , by Highflyer, bred by Lord Elington ; im- 
 ported into South CaroHna. 1st dam by Omar; 2d dam by 
 Godolphiu Arabian ; 3d dam Blossom by Crab ; 4th dam bv 
 Childers ; 5tli dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 6th dam 
 by Paget Turk ; 7tli dam Betty Percival by Leedc's Arabian ; 
 8th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Mask, an English horse, by Young Babraham, dam by Old Cade, 
 with a pedigree running to the Curwen Bay Barb, was imiJorted 
 into South Carolina, and stood on the San tee in 1771. 
 
 Master Robert, ch. c, foaled 1793, by Star, bred by Col. Hamil- 
 ton. 1st dam by Young Marske ; 2d dam Gentle Kitty's dam 
 by Dorimond ; 3d dam Portia by Regulus ; 4th dam by Spot ; 
 5th dam by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Fox Cub ; 7th dam by 
 Coneyskins; 8th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb; 9th dam by 
 Eoyal Colt; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; 11th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Matchem, b. c, foaled 1773, by Matchem, bred by Lord Grosvenor, 
 and imported into South Carolina by Mr. Gibbs. 1st dam Lady 
 by Sweepstakes ; 2d dam, dam of Shuttle and S}^3hon by 
 Patriot ; 3d dam by Crab ; 4th dam sister to Sloven by Bay 
 Bolton; 5tli dam Curwen's Bay Barb ; 6th dam by Sj^ot ; 7th 
 dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 8th dam Old Vintner 
 mare. 
 
 Matchem, — c, foaled , imported into South Carolina by Mr. 
 
 Pen wick. By Bosphorus. 1st dam by Villager ; 2d dam by 
 Cullen Arabian ; 3d dam Blackeyes by Eegulus ; 4th dam 
 Routh's Blackeyes by Crab ; 5th dam "Warlock Galloway by 
 Snake ; 6tli dam sister to Carlisle gelding by Bald Galloway ; 
 7th dam Wharton mare by Lord Carlisle's Turk ; 8th dam by 
 Bald Galloway ; 9th dam by Byerly Turk. 
 
 Matchless, b. c, foaled 1754, by Godolphin Arabian, bred by Mr. 
 Panton, and imported into South Carolina. 1st dam by Sore- 
 heels ; 2d dam the dam of Hartley's blind horse by Makeless ; 
 3d dam Christopher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. 
 
 Medley, g. c, foaled 1776, by Gimcrack, bred by Mr. Medley, and 
 imported into Virginia about 1783 or '4, in the ship Theodor- 
 ick, Capt. McNabb, by Malcolm Hart, and afterwards called 
 Hart's Medley. Medley was sold by Mr. Hart to James Wil- 
 kinson, of Southampton county, Va., and died his property at 
 the Milbrook Plantation, Southampton county, on the Mechanic 
 river, of colic, in 1792. 1st dam Arminda by Snap; 2d dam 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOXS. 551 
 
 Miss Cleveland by Eegulns ; 3d dam by Midge (by a son of 
 Bay Bolton) ; 4tli dam by Bartlett's Cliilders ; 5tli dam by 
 Honeywood's Arabian ; 6tli dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Mendoza, b. c, foaled 1788, by Javelin, bred by Mr. Broadhurst. 
 1st dam by Paymaster; 2d dam Pomona by Herod; 3d dam 
 Caroline by Snap ; 4tb dam by Eegulus ; 5tli dam by Hip ; Gtli 
 dam Babraham's dam by Hartley's blind horse ; 7th dam Fly- 
 ing Whig by Williams' Woodstock Arabian ; 8th dam by St. 
 Victor Barb ; 9tli dam by Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 
 10th dam Koyal mare. 
 
 Mercek, br. c, foaled 1836, by Emilius, bred by His Majesty, and 
 imported by Capt. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. 1st dam 
 Young Mouse by Godolphin ; 2d dam Mouse by Sir Richard ; 
 3d dam Louisa by Ormand; 4th dam Evelina (Orville dam) by 
 Highflyer ; 5th dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 6tli dam Canta- 
 trice by Sampson ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam Marske's 
 dam by Blacklegs ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; lOtli dam by Fox 
 Cub; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam by Hutton's Grey 
 Barb ; 13th dam by Hutton's Eoyal Colt ; 14th dam by Byerly 
 Turk; 15th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Merman", br. c, foaled 1826, by Whalebone, bred by Mr. Payne, 
 and imported by Merritt & Co. into Virginia, 1835. 1st dam 
 Mermaid by Orville ; 2d dam by Sir Solomon ; 3d dam Miss 
 Brim by Highflyer; 4th dam Brim by Squirrel; 5tli dam 
 Helen by Blank; 6th dam by Crab; 7tli dam sister to Partner 
 by Jigg ; 8th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 
 9tli dam by Old Spot; lOtli dam by White-legged Lowther 
 Barb; 11th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Merrtfield, br. c, foaled 1808, by Cockfighter, bred by Mr. 
 Jaques; imported into Virginia in 1816, by Mr. Dunlop, of 
 London, formerly of Petersburgh, Va. 1st dam by Star ; 2d 
 dam by Young Marske ; 3d dam Emma by Telemachus ; 4th 
 dam A la Grecque by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Allworthy ; 6tli 
 dam by Bolton Starling; 7th dam Dairy Maid by Bloody But- 
 tocks ; 8th dam Bay Brocklesby by Partner ; 9th dam Brock- 
 lesby by Greyhound; 10th dam Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb ; 11th dam Leede's Hobby mare by the Lister Turk. 
 
 Merry Pintle, g. c, foaled 1752, by Old England. We cannot 
 find this colt. 1st dam by Old Merry Pintle ; 2d dam by Skip 
 Jack ; 3d dam daughter of Hackwood. 
 
552 THE nOESE. 
 
 Meket Tom, b. c, foaled 1759, by Regulns, bred by Wm. Parker, 
 Newcastle, England. He stood, in 17G6, in Prince George 
 county, Virginia. 1st dam by Locust; 2d dam by a son of 
 Flying Childers; 3d dam by Croft's Partner; 4th dam by Croft's 
 Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Makeless ; 6tli dam by Brimmer ; 7tli 
 dam by Dicky Pierson ; 8th dam Burton's Barb mare. 
 
 Messenger, g. c, foaled 1780, by Mambrino, bred by John Pratt, 
 and died the property of Cornelius W. Van Rantz, of IST-ew 
 York, in 1808, aged 28 years. 1st dam by Turf; 2d dam sister 
 to Figurante by Regulus; 3d dam by Starling; 4th dam 
 Snap's dam by Fox ; 5th dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam 
 by Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; 7th dam by Byerly Turk ; 8th 
 dam by TafiFolet Barb; 9th dam by Place's White Turk; 10th 
 dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Meteor, br. c, foaled 18G9 ; imported in his mother's belly by Mr. 
 A. Belmont, 1868. By Adamas : dam imported Beautiful Star 
 by Weatherbit (which see). 
 
 Meux, b. c, foaled 1833, bred by Mr. W. Eichardson ; imported 
 into Canada by Mr. William Chapman, 1836. By Young 
 Phantom. 1st dam by Cerberus ; 2d dam Diana by Kill 
 Devil ; 3d dam by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Maid of All Work by 
 Highflyer ; 5th dam sister to Tandem by Syphon ; 6th dam by 
 Eegulus ; 7th dam by Snip ; 8th dam by Cottingham ; 9th dam 
 Warlock Galloway by Snake ; 10th dam sister to Carlisle Geld- 
 ing by the Bald Galloway. ' 
 
 Mexicajst, b. c, foaled 1775, by Snap, bred by Lord Grosvenor. 1st 
 dam Matchem Middleton by Matchem; 2d dam Miss Middleton 
 by Eegulus ; 3d dam Camilla by a son of Bay Bolton ; 4th 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 5 th dam by Honey wood's Ara- 
 bian ; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Mickey Feee, br. c, foaled 1841, bred by Mr. G. Knox ; imported 
 by Ohio Importing Co. ; owned by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., 
 Scott county, Ky. By Irish Birdcatcher. 1st dam Annie (late 
 Colly) by Wanderer ; 2d dam Caroline by Whalebone ; 3d dam 
 Marianne by Mufti ; 4th dam Maria by Telemachus ; 5tli dam 
 A la Grecque by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Allworthy ; 7tli dam 
 by Bolton Starling; 8tli dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks; 
 9th dam Bay Brocklesby by Old Partner ; 10th dam Brocklesby 
 by Greyhound ; lltli dam Brocklesby Betty liy Curwen's Bay 
 Barb ; 12tli dam Mr. Leede's Hobby mare by Lister Turk. 
 
LIST or IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 553 
 
 MoLOCK, b. c, foaled 1838 ; imported in his mother's belly by E. H. 
 Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Muley Molock : dam Tenier's 
 mare, sister to Puss, by Teniers. (See imported Teniers mare.) 
 
 MoNAECH, — c, foaled , by "Wentworth's Ancaster. Monarch 
 
 was a full brother to Eepublicau. We cannot find him either 
 in Stud Book or Calendar; he stood at Norfolk, Va., in 1795. 
 1st dam by Old Royal; 2d dam by Chaugeliug; 3d dam by 
 Bethel's Arabian. 
 
 Monarch, b. c, foaled 1834, by imported Priam, bred by His 
 Majesty King William IV, at Hampton Court, and imported 
 by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, in 1835. 1st dam 
 imported Delphine by Whisker ; 2d dam My Lady by Comus ; 
 3d dam the Colonel's dam by Delpini ; 4th dam Tipple Cyder 
 by King Fergus ; 5th dam Sylvia by Youug Marske ; 6th dam 
 Ferret by a brother to Silvio ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam 
 by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 9th dam by Mixbury ; 10th dam 
 by Mulso Bay Barb; 11th dam by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by 
 Coneyskins ; 13th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 14th dam by 
 Byerly Turk; 15th dam by Bustler. 
 
 MoKKEY (Lord Lonsdale's), foaled 1725 by Lord Lonsdale's Bay 
 Arabian, and imported by Nathaniel Harrison, of Brandon, Va., 
 at 22 years of age, in 1747; he died in 1754. 1st dam by Cur- 
 wen's Bay Barb ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk ; 3d dam an Arabian 
 mare. 
 
 MoRDECAi, b. c, foaled 1833, by Lottery, bred by Sir E. W. Bulke- 
 ley; imported into Tennessee. 1st dam Miss Thomasina by 
 Welbeck; 2d dam Thomasina by Tomboy; 3d dam Violet by 
 Shark ; 4th dam by Syphon ; 5th dam Charlotte by Blank ; 
 6th dam by Crab; 7th dam by Dyer's Dimple; 8tli dam by 
 Why-not ; 9th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 MoRO, — c, foaled about 1759; imported into South Carolina and 
 owned in 17G9 by Mr. Henry Drayton. By Moro (son of the 
 Bolton Starling). 1st dam by Eegulus ; 2d dam by Eib ; 3d 
 dam by Partner; 4th dam by Greyhound; 5th dam by Cur- 
 wen's Bay Barb. 
 
 MoRWiCK Ball, ch. c, foaled 1762, by Eegulus, bred by Mr. Ve vers, 
 and imported into Virginia. 1st dam by Traveler ; 2d dam by 
 Hartley's blind horse. 
 
 MoRVEi<r, ch. c, foaled 1836, by imported Eowton, bred by His 
 Majesty, and imported by Capt. E. F. Stockton, of New Jersey. 
 
554 THE HOKSE. 
 
 1st dam Nanine (dam of Glaucus) by Selim; 2d dam Bizarre 
 by Peruyian ; 3d dam Violante by John Bull ; 4th dam sister 
 to Skyscraper by Highflyer; 5th dam Everlasting by Eclipse; 
 Gtli dam Hyena by Snap ; 7tli dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 
 8tli dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Honeywood's Ara- 
 bian ; 10th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Mosco, br. c, foaled 1746, by Cullen's Arabian, bred by Mr. Wil- 
 liams. 1st dam by Starling; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by 
 Makeless; 4th dam by Brimmer; 5th dam by Place's White 
 Turk ; 6th dam by Dodsworth ; 7th dam Lay ton Barb mare. 
 
 Mousetrap, b. c, foaled 1771, by Careless, ran by Mr. Wentworth. 
 He was imported into Virginia about 1778 by Capt. Belcher, 
 and sold by him to Col. John Dawson, of Scotland Neck, Hali- 
 fax county, N. C. (See English Eacing Calender for 1777, page 
 166.) 1st dam by Eegulus; 2d dam by Liberty; 3d dam by 
 Cade. 
 
 Mousetrap (Jack Eapp), cli. c, foaled 1787, by Young Marske, 
 bred by Mr. Hutton, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam 
 Gentle Kitty by Silvio ; 2d dam by Dorimond ; 3d dam Portia 
 by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Hutton's Spot ; 5th dam by Fox Cub ; 
 6th dam by Bay Bolton; 7tli dam by Coneyskins; 8th dam 
 Hutton's Grey Barb ; 9tli dam by Byerly Turk. 
 
 Mufti, b. c, foaled 1783, by Fitz Herod, bred by Mr. Mann, and 
 imported by Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia, in 1801. 1st dam 
 by Infant ; 2d dam by Whittiugton ; 3d dam sister to Black- 
 and-all-Black by Crab; 4tli dam Miss Slamerkin by Young 
 True Blue ; 5th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 6tli dam 
 D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. 
 
 ISTative, ch. c, foaled 1836; imported in his mother's belly, by 
 Capt. W. J. Minor, Mississippi. By The Saddler : dam imji. 
 JS'ovelty by Blacklock. (See imp. Novelty.) 
 
 Nicholas, colt, foaled 1835 ; imported witli his dam by Mr. E. D. 
 Shepherd, Virginia. By Eng. St. Nicholas: dam imp. Miss 
 Eose by Tramp. (See imp. Miss Eose.) 
 
 NiMROD, b. c, foaled , by King Fergus, bred by Edward Thom- 
 son, of Yorkshire, England, and imported by Dr. James Tate, 
 of PhiladeliDhia, in 1788. We cannot find this colt in English 
 Stud Book. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Markse ; 3d dam 
 by Fortitude ; 4th dam by Matchem. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 555 
 
 Noble, — c, bred in South Carolina ; by imported Brutus. lie 
 ran successfully up to 1767. There was prior to the late civil 
 war a tankard in possession of the Matthews family, won by 
 him. 1st dam imp. by Squirt; 2d dam by Starling; 3d dam 
 by Bethel's Arabian ; 4tli dam by Champion ; 5th dam by 
 Darley's Arabian. 
 
 Nonpareil, imiDorted into South Carolina, 17G2; was quite a 
 famous horse. Stood, the year of his importation, at Mr. Dan- 
 iel Huger's, St. John's Parish, at £20. 
 
 NoiSTPLUS, b. c, foaled 1824, by Catton, bred by Mr. W. Armitage, 
 and imported by Col. Singleton into Charleston, S. C, in 1834. 
 He died in Lexington, Ky., in 1843. 1st dam Miss Grarfortli 
 by Walton ; 2d dam by Hyacintlius ; 3d dam Zara by Delpini ; 
 4th dam Flora by King Fergus; 5th dam Atlanta byMatchem; 
 6th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 7th dam by Old 
 Traveler; 8th dam Miss Makeless by Young Gre3'hound; 
 9th dam by Old Partner ; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam by Wood- 
 cock ; 11th dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 12th dam Desdemona's 
 dam by Makeless ; 13tli dam by Brimmer ; 14tli dam by Dicky 
 Pierson ; loth dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 North Brittox, br. c, foaled , by Alcock's Arabian; imported 
 
 into Virginia by James Baird, of Greencroft, near Petersburgh. 
 We cannot find this colt in English Stud Book. 1st dam by 
 Northumberland Arabian ; 2d dam by Hartley's blind horse. 
 
 North Star, b. c, foaled in 17G8, by Matchem, bred by Sir J. Pen- 
 nyman. 1st dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 2d dam by 
 Traveler ; 3d dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 4th 
 dam sister to Wilkie's mare by Partner ; 5tli dam Miss Doe's 
 dam by Woodcock ; 6th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 7th dam 
 Desdemona's dam by Makeless; 8th dam by Brimmer; 0th dam 
 by Dicky Pierson ; lOtli dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Northumberland, gi*. c, foaled 17 — , by Bustard, bred by Lord 
 Mazarine, and imported with his full sister. Lady Northumber- 
 land, into America (it is said) by a Mr. Crow. He is not in 
 English Stud Book. He stood in Philadelphia in 1768, and 
 ran there in 1767, and Avas defeated by Mr. Galloway's Selim. 
 1st dam by Crab ; 2d dam by Babraham. 
 
 OBEROif, b. c, foaled (it is said) 1805, by Oberon. We see that 
 Sweepstakes' mare produced the dam of Oberon, but no foals 
 of this mare are given ; we think the following correct. 1st 
 
556 THE nOESE. 
 
 dam by Rantlios; 2cl clam by Turner Sweepstakes; 3d dam 
 sister to Hntton's Careless by Regulus ; 4tli dam Silvertail by 
 Heneage's Whitenose ; 5th dam by Eattlc ; Cth dam by Dar- 
 ley's Arabian ; 7tli dam Old Child mare by Sir T. Gresley's Bay 
 Arabian; 8tli dam Mr. Cook's Vixen by the Helmsley Turk; 
 9th dam Dodsworth dam (Eoyal mare). 
 Obscueity, ch. c, foaled 1777, by Eclipse, ran by Lord Milford, and 
 imported into Virginia in 1784. 1st dam by Careless ; 2d dam 
 by Cullen Arabian ; 3d dam by North Country Diamond ; 4th 
 dam by Sir J. Harpier's Barb ; 5th dam Old Child mare by Sir 
 T. Gresley's Bay Arabian ; Gth dam Mr. Cook's Vixen by the 
 Helmsley Turk ; 7th dam Eoyal mare dam of Dodsworth. 
 
 O'Kelly, -^ c, foaled 1794, by Anvil, bred by , and believed 
 
 to have been imported by Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia. We 
 find no j)roduce of the Eclipse mare ; balance of j)edigree cor- 
 rect, and presume it is all so. 1st dam by Eclipse ; 3d dam 
 sister to Aurelius by Blank ; 3d dam Bay Snip by Snip ; 4th 
 dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 5tli dam Frampton's Whiteneck 
 by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 6th dam by Old Spot; 7th dam by 
 White-legged Lowther Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Old England, b. c, foaled , by . We cannot find this 
 
 colt. He ran with Selim and Northumberland at Philadelphia, 
 in October, 17G7. (See American Turf Eegister, vol. 1, page 
 17.) 
 
 Onus, br. c, foaled 1834, by Camel, bred by Mr. Wright ; imported 
 by Col. Chas. Oakley, Illinois. 1st dam The Etching by Eu- 
 bens ; 2d dam Lamas by Gohanna ; 3d dam sister to Chester 
 by Sir Peter Teazle; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam by 
 Sweetbriar ; Gth dam (Buzzard's dam) Misfortune by Dux ; 7th 
 dam Curiosity by Snap ; 8th dam by Eegulus ; 9th dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 11th 
 dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Oeoonoko, bl. c, foaled 1745, by Crab, bred by Lord Portmore, and 
 imported into South Carolina. 1st dam Miss Slamerkin by 
 Young True Blue ; 2d dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 
 3d dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 OSCAE, ch. c, foaled , by Young Snip. We cannot find this 
 
 colt. He stood in Cumberland county, Va,, in 1777. 1st dam 
 by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 2d dam by Crab ; 3d dam by Bald 
 Galloway ; 4th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 5th dam Bay Bol- 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 557 
 
 ton's dam by Makc4ess; Gtli dam by Brimmer; 7tli dam by 
 Diamond; 8th dam sister to the dam of Merhn. 
 
 Oscar, br. c, foaled 1795, by Saltram, bred by Mr. Turner, and im- 
 ported by William Lightfoot, of Sandy Point, Virginia. 1st 
 dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Herod ; 3d dam Miss Middleton 
 by Eegulus ; 4th dam Camilla by a son of Bay Bolton ; 5tli 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 
 7th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Othello, or Black-and- all-Black, bl. c, foaled 1743, by Crab, 
 bred by Mr. Parston, and imported by Gov. Sharpe, of Mary- 
 land. Died 1767. 1st dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True 
 Blue ; 2d dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian; 3d dam D'Arcy's 
 Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Pacolet, — c, foaled , by Sparke, bred by Mr. ; im- 
 ported, it is believed, by Col. Hopper, of Maryland. We cannot 
 find this colt. 1st dam imp. Queen Mab by Musgrove's Grey 
 Arabian; 2d dam by Hampton Court Childers; 3d dam by 
 Gov. Harrison's Arabian ; 4th dam by Chestnut Arabian; 5th 
 dam by Leedes ; 6th dam, dam of Crofts' Greyhound. 
 
 Pam, c, bred by Mr. Ward, foaled 1757 ; imported into South Caro- 
 lina 1764, by Mr. Fenwicke. By Eegulus. 1st dam by Cade; 
 2d dam by Sedbury ; 3d dam by Scarborough colt; 4th dam by 
 D'Arcy's Woodcock ; 5tli dam by Blackatop ; 6th dam by Old 
 Smithson ; 7tli dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Hautboy. 
 
 Pantaloon, b. c, foaled 1778, by Herod, bred by Mr. Fenwicke, and 
 imported into Virginia. 1st dam Nutcracker by Matchem ; 2d 
 dam Miss Starling by Starling ; 3d dam by Partner ; 4th dam 
 by Croft's Bay Barb ; 5th dam by Makeless ; 6th dam by Dicky 
 Pierson ; 7th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Partner (Moore's), b. c, foaled , by Partner, bred by the Duke 
 
 of Bolton; imported 1766, and stood at Wyllie Jones', North- 
 ampton county, N. C, on the Eoanoke river. 1st dam sister to 
 Starling by Bay Bolton ; 2d dam by a son of the Brownlow 
 Turk ; 3d dam Old Lady by the Pullein Chestnut Arabian ; 4th 
 dam by Eockwood ; 5th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Partner, b. c, foaled , by Crofts' Partner, bred by Eichard 
 
 Crofts, of Eaby, Yorkshire, England. Y^e fmd no foal by Part- 
 ner out of a Godolphin Arabian mare, in the Stud Book. 1st 
 dam by Godolphin Arabian; 2d dam by Fox; 3d dam by 
 
558- THE nORSE. 
 
 Childers ; 4th dam by Makelcss ; 5tli dam by Taffolet Barb ; 
 Gth dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Passaic, cli. c, foaled 183G, bred by His Majesty at Hampton Court; 
 imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Eeveller. 
 1st dam Eacliel by Whalebone; 2d dam (Moses' dam) by Go- 
 hauna; 3d dam Grey Sldni by Woodpecker ; 4th dam (Silver's 
 dam) by Herod ; 5tli dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam Hag 
 by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 8tli dam Old Ebony by 
 Basto ; 9th dam Massey mare by ]Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Passenger, br. c, foaled 183G ; imported by Mr. Corbin, Virginia, 
 with his dam. By Eng. Laugar : dam imp. My Lady by Comus. 
 He died 1841. 
 
 Paymaster, b. c, foaled 1791, by Paymaster, bred by Lord Ossory, 
 and imported by Dr. Norris, of Chester county. Pa. We find 
 the Herod mare in the following pedigree, but she had no foal 
 by Otho which is reported. 1st dam by Otho ; 2d dam by 
 Herod ; 3d dam by Northumberland Arabian ; 4t]i dam by 
 Starling ; 5tli dam Miss Mayes by Bartlett's Childers ; 6th dam 
 by Counsellor ; 7th dam by Snake ; 8th dam by Luggs ; 9th 
 dam by Davill's Woodcock. 
 
 Paymaster, b. c, foaled , imported by Dr. Eylander, of New 
 
 York. By Homer (son of Old Paymaster). Cannot be found 
 in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Snake ; 2d dam by Trav- 
 eller, 
 
 Phaetok, b. c, foaled 1865, bred by Mr. J. Johnstone ; imported 
 by Mr. Eichard Tenbroeck, Jefferson county, Ky. By King 
 Tom: dam Merry Sunshine by Storm; 2d dam by Falstaff ; 3d 
 dam sister to Pompey by Emilius ; 4th dam Variation by Bus- 
 tard ; 5th dam Johanna Southcote by Beningbrough ; Gth 
 dam Lavinia by Pijoator ; 7th dam by Highflyer ; 8tli dam by 
 Cardinal PuflF; 9th dam byTatler; 10th dam by Snip ; 11th 
 dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 12th dam by Frampton's White- 
 neck ; 13th dam by Pelham Barb. 
 
 Pharaoh, b. c, foaled 1753, by Moses, bred by Lord Gower, and 
 imported into South Carolina. 1st dam by Godolphin Ara- 
 bian ; 2d dam by a brother to Mixbury ; 3d dam by Smockface ; 
 4tli dam by Snail ; 5th dam liy Burford Bull ; Gth dam Mr. 
 Wilkinson's mare. 
 
 PHEN"OME]sroN", ch. c, foaled 1780, by Herod, bred by Sir J. Kavo, 
 and imported in 1803, and died immediately after landing. He 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 559 
 
 was the sire of imported Kestless and Wonder. 1st dam 
 Frenzy by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Engineer ; 3d dam by Blank ; 
 4th dam Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless 
 by a son of Greyhound ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam Miss 
 Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 8th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 9th 
 dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 10th dam Old Thornton 
 by Brimmer ; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton 
 Barb mare. 
 Phil Beown", ch. c, foaled 1837, bred by Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Vir- 
 ginia ; imported in his mother's belly. By Glaucus : dam imp. 
 Bustle by Whalebone (which see). 
 
 Philip, br. c, foaled 1828, by Filho da Puta, bred by Houldsworth ; 
 imported into Tennessee. 1st dam Treasure by Camillus ; 2d 
 dam by Hyacinthus ; 3d dam Flora by King Fergus ; 4th dam 
 Atalanta by Matchem ; 5th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 
 Gth dam by Old Traveler ; 7th dam Miss Makeless by Young 
 Greyhound ; 8th dam by Old Partner ; 9th dam Miss Doe's dam 
 by Woodcock ; 10th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 11th dam Des- 
 demona's dam by Makeless ; 12th dam by Brimmer ; 13th dam 
 by Dicky Pierson ; 14th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Phcenix, ch. c, foaled 1798, by Dragon, bred by Mr. Biggs, and im- 
 ported by Thomas B. Hill, of Halifax county, N. C. Died 1819, 
 aged 21 years. 1st dam Portia by Volunteer ; 2d dam sister to 
 Florizel by Herod ; 3d dam by Cygnet ; 4th dam by Cartouch ; 
 5th dam Ebony by Childers ; 6tli dam Ebony by Basto ; 7th 
 dam the Massey mare. 
 
 Play or Pay (first called Mars,) b. c, foaled 1791, by Ulysses, bred 
 by Mr. Parker ; the property of Caleb Boush, Princess Anne 
 county, Va. ; imported by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam by Herod ; 
 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Eib (Eoyal George's dam) ; 
 4th dam by Snake ; 5th dam by Coneyskins ; Gth dam by Hut- 
 ton's Barb ; 7th dam by Marshall's Turk ; 8th dam by Place's 
 White Turk. 
 
 PoRTLAXD, ch. c, foaled 1834, by Recovery, bred by Mr. R. Turner; 
 imported into South Carolma. 1st dam Caifacaradaddera by 
 Walton ; 2d dam by Pipator ; 3d dam by Delpini ; 4th dam 
 Tuberose by Herod ; 5th dam Grey Starlmg by Starling ; Gth 
 dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by Coun- 
 sellor ; 8th dam by Snake ; 9th dam by Luggs ; 10th dam by 
 Davill's Old Woodcock. 
 
560 THE HORSE. 
 
 Porto, b. c, foaled , by Herod, bred by Marquis of Rocking- 
 ham. We cannot find any produce from the Snap mare, but 
 find the pedigree correct from Latham's Snap dam back. 1st 
 dam by Snap ; 2d dam LatJiam's Snap dam by Cade ; 3d dam 
 by Partner; 4th dam by Makeless; 5th dam by Brimmer; 6th 
 dam by Place's White Turk; 7tli dam by Dodsworth ; 8th dam 
 Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Prerogative, — c, foaled , by Trumpator, imported into 
 
 America from Jamaica. First dam by Changeling. We can- 
 not find this colt. 
 
 Precipitate, ch. c, foaled 1787, by Mercury, bred by Lord Egre- 
 mont, and imported into Virginia by William Liglitfoot, in 
 1803. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam Maiden by Matchem ; 3d 
 dam by Squirt ; 4th dam by Mogul ; 5tli dam by Bay Bolton ; 
 0th dam by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 7th dam by Eockwood ; 
 8th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Priam., b. c, foaled 1827, by Emilius, bred by W. Chifney, and im- 
 ported in 1837, by Messrs. Merritt, of Virginia. 1st dam Cres- 
 sida (sister to Eleanor) by Whisky; 2d dam Young Giantess 
 by Diomed ; 3d dam Giantess by Matchem ; 4th dam Molly 
 Long-Legs by Babraham ; 5th dam by Cole's Fox Hunter ; 6th 
 dam sister to Cato by Partner; 7th dam sister to Roxana by 
 Bald Galloway ; 8th dam sister to Chanter by Ancaster Turk ; 
 9th dam by Leedes' Arabian; 10th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Prixce, b. c, foaled 1773, by Herod, bred by Lord Farnham ; im- 
 ported, it is said, into South Carolina. 1st dam Helen by 
 Blank ; 2d dam by Crab ; 3d dam sister to Partner by Jigg ; 
 4th dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb; 5tli dam by 
 Old Spot ; 6th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 7th dam 
 Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Prince Ferdikakd, — c, foaled , by Herod. 1st dam by 
 
 Matchem ; 2d dam Old Squirt by Squirt ; 3d dam Lot's dam by 
 Mogul ; 4th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 5th dam Old Lady 
 by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 6th dam by Rockwood ; 7th 
 dam by Bustler. 
 
 Prince Frederick, foaled 1792, by Fortunio; imported by Ed- 
 ward Davis, of Boston, Mass., in 1798. He is not to be found 
 in the Stud Book. He appears in the Racing Calendar of 1795, 
 '96, etc. ; ran with success under the name of Frederick. 1st 
 dam by Lexicon ; 2d dam l^y Sportsman. 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOISTS. 561 
 
 PuKCH, — c, foaled , by Herod ; tlie property of Sir John 
 
 Lade; imported into Philadelphia in 1799 by "Wm. Powers. 
 1st dam by Marske ; 2d dam by Cullen Arabian ; 3d dam 
 Blackeyes by Eegulus ; 4tli dam Eolith's Blackeyes by Crab; 
 5th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake ; Gth dam sister to Carl- 
 isle Gelding by the Bald Galloway ; 7tli dam Wharton mare by 
 Carlisle Turk ; 8th dam by Bald Galloway ; 9tli dam by Byerly 
 Turk. 
 
 Puzzle, b. c., foaled 1831, by Eeveller, bred by Mr. W. E. PhiUi- 
 more; imported by A, J. Davie, North Carolina. 1st dam by 
 Juniper ; 2d dam Trimbush by Teddy the Grinder ; 3d dam 
 Princess by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4tli dam by Dungannon ; 5th 
 dam by Turf ; 6th dam by Herod ; 7th dam Golden Grove by 
 Blank ; 8th dam Spinster by Partner ; 9th dam sister to 
 Squirrel's dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 10th dam by Greyhound ; 
 11th dam by Makeless ; 12th dam by Brimmer ; 13th dam by 
 Place's White Turk ; 14th dam by Dodsworth ; 15th dam Lay- 
 ton Barl) mare. 
 
 Eangek, b. c, foaled , by Martindale's Eegulus; bred by 
 
 Thomas Hutcheson, of Smeaton, Yorkshire, and imported by 
 Dr. Thomas Hamilton, of Prince George's county, Md. 1st 
 dam by Merry Andrevr ; 2d dam by Steady ; 3d dam by Croft's 
 Partner; 4th dam by Greyhound ; 5th dam by Makeless; 6th 
 dam by Counsellor ; 7th dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's 
 White Turk. 
 
 Eanter, b. c, foaled 1755, by Dimple, bred by ; imported by 
 
 William S. Wadman, in 1762. We cannot find this colt. He 
 stood in Stafford county, Va., in 1763. 1st dam by Crab ; 2d 
 dam by Bloody Buttocks. 
 
 Eegulus (Burwell's), b. c, foaled 1747, by Eegulus, bred by Mr. 
 Blake, and the property of Col. Lewis Burwell, of Stoneland, 
 Mecklenburgh county, Va. 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam by 
 Cupid ; 3d dam by Hautboy ; 4tli dam by Bustler. 
 
 Eegulus (Dunmore's) by the Godolphin Arabian, and supposed to 
 have been imported by Lord Dunmore from England. First 
 dam unknown. Cannot find this colt in the Stud Book. 
 
 Eemus, — c, foaled , by the imported Dove. We cannot find 
 
 this colt, and doubt his pedigree from the way it is given. 
 Betty Leedes was the dam of Plying Childers. 1st dam by 
 Spanker ; 2d dam by Plying Childers ; 3d dam Betty Leedes by 
 Vol. 1—36 
 
563 THE HORSE. 
 
 Careless ; 4th dam sister to Leedes by Leedes Arabian ; 5th 
 dam Spanker's dam by D'Arcy's Yellow Turk; Gth dam by 
 Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb ; 7th dam Bald Peg by an Ara- 
 bian ; 8tli dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Republican, ch. c, foaled , by Wentworth Ancaster, bred by 
 
 Sir Clement Cotterell, and imported by Charles Young, of Nor- 
 folk, Va. Cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Old Eoyal ; 2d 
 dam by Changeling ; 3d dam by Bethell's Arabian. 
 
 Eestless, b. c, foaled 1788, by Phoenomenon, bred by Lord A. 
 Hamilton, and imported into Virginia by Mr. Lightfoot. Eest- 
 less is said to have ran four miles, at York, in 1793, in 7:30-27. 
 1st dam Duchess by Le Sang ; 2d dam Calliope by Slouch ; 3d 
 dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 4th dam by Traveler ; 
 5th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 6th dam by 
 Partner ; 7th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 8th dam by 
 Croft's Bay Barl) ; 9th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless ; 
 10th dam Old Thornton by Brimmer ; 11th dam by Dicky Pier- 
 son ; 12th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Eevekge, b. c, foaled 1791, bred by ; imported and stood 
 
 in Maryland ; he cannot be found in English Stud Book. By 
 Archelaus. 1st dam Lively Lass by Old Pagan ; 2d dam by 
 Blank ; 3d dam by Doge. 
 
 EiCHARD, b. c, foaled 1818, by Orville, bred by Lord Jersey, and 
 imported by 0. W. Many, of Massachusetts. 1st dam Miss 
 Sophia (Master Henry's dam) by Stamford ; 2d dam Sophia by 
 Buzzard; 3d dam Huncamunca by Highflyer; 4th dam Cj'pher 
 by Squirrel ; 5th dam Fribble's dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers; 7tli dam by Hone}^ood's Arabian; 8th 
 dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 EiDDLESWOETH, ch. c, foaled 1828, by Emihus, bred by Lord Jer- 
 sey, and imported in 1839 by Dr. J. C. Nott, of Alabama. He 
 died at J. L. Bradley's, Lexington, Ky., in 1843. 1st dam Fil- 
 agree by Soothsayer; 2d dam Web by Waxy; 3d dam Penel- 
 ope by Trumpator ; 4tli dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 5th dam 
 Promise by Snap ; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7th dam Sjoecta- 
 tor's dam by Partner ; 8tli dam Bonnie Lass by Bay Bolton ; 
 9th dam by Darley Arabian ; 10th dam by Byerly Turk ; 11th 
 dam Tafi'olet Barb; 12th dam by Place's White Turk; 13th 
 dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 563 
 
 RoBiK RsDBREAST, b. c, foaled 1796, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by- 
 Mr. Lockley, and imported, it is said, by Col. Tayloe, of Vir- 
 ginia, in 1800. 1st dam Wren by Woodpecker ; 2d dam Papil- 
 lon (Sir Peter Teazle's dam) by Snap ; 3d dam Miss Cleveland 
 by Regulns ; 4tli dam Midge by a son of Bay Bolton ; 5th dam 
 by Bartlett's Cliilders ; 6tli dam by Honey wood's Arabian; 7th 
 dam, dam of the two Trnc Blues. 
 
 EoDERiCK Dhu, br. c, foaled 1807, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. 
 Clifton, said to have been imported into New York. 1st dam 
 by Young Marske ; 2d dam by Matchem ; 3d dam l^y Tarquin ; 
 4th dam Antelope's sister by Young Belgrade; 5th dam by 
 Scarborough colt; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by 
 Devonshire Turk; 8th dam by Curwen Barb; 9th dam by Old 
 Spot; 10th dam by Woodcock. 
 
 Rodney, b. c, foaled 1790, bred by Lord Lincoln; imported and 
 stood in Maryland. By Paymaster. 1st dam Nina by High- 
 flyer ; 2d dam by Snap (sister to Gnawpost) ; 3d dam Miss 
 Cranbourne by Godolphin Arabian ; 4th dam Miss Western by 
 Sedbury ; 5th dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 
 6tli dam by Montague; 7th dam by Hautboy; 8th dam by 
 Brimmer. 
 
 RoDOLPH, br, c, foaled 1828, bred by John Scott. Shipped from 
 England, 1833 ; died on the passage. By Der Frieschutz. 1st 
 dam Frailty by Filho da Puta ; 2d dam Agatha by Orville ; 3d 
 dam by Star ; 4th dam by Young Marske. 
 
 Roman, b. c, foaled 1815, by Camillus, bred by Mr. Riddell, and 
 imported into Boston or New York, in March, 1823, by F. B. 
 Ogden. 1st dam Leon Forte by Eagle ; 2d dam Tamborine by 
 Trumpator ; 3d dam Crane by Highflyer ; 4th dam Middlesex 
 by Snap; 5th dam Miss Cleveland byRegulus; 6tli dam Midge 
 by a son of Bay Bolton ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th 
 dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of the two True 
 Blues. 
 
 Roscius, br. c, foaled 1841, bred by Mr. Jipson; imported into 
 Missouri, 1842, by Capt. J. M. White, and John Evens, Esq. 
 By Gambol (son of Filho-da-Puta). 1st dam by Negotiator 
 (son of Prime Minister) ; 2d dam by Octavian ; 3d dam Miss 
 Oragie by Orville ; 4th dam Marchioness by Lurcher ; 5th dam 
 Miss Cogden by Phcenomenon ; 6th dam by Young Marske ; 
 Yth dam by Silvio; 8th dam Daphne by Regulus. 
 
564 THE HORSE. 
 
 KowTON, cli. c, foaled 182G, by Oiseau, bred by Mr. Petre, and im- 
 ported in 1835 by Messrs. Merritt & Co., of Virginia. Died 
 July, 1841. 1st dam Katbarina by Woful ; 2d dam Landscape 
 by Kubens ; 3d dam Iris by Brush ; 4tli dam by Herod ; 5th 
 dam sister to the Doctor by Goldfinder; 6th dam by Sedley 
 Arabian ; 7tli dam Vanessa by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Fox ; 9th 
 dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 10th dam by Basset Ara- 
 bian ; 11th dam Arabian mare. 
 
 KoYALiST, b. c, foaled 1790, by Saltram, bred by Mr. Bullock, and 
 imported into Tennessee. Died in Tennessee, 1814, aged 24 
 years. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam Carina by Marske ; 3d dam 
 by Blank; 4th dam Dizzy by Driver; 5tli dam by Smiling 
 Tom ; 6th dam Miss Hip by Oysterfoot ; 7th dam by Merlin ; 
 8tli dam by Commoner ; 9th dam Coppin mare. 
 
 KuBT (called Eiddlesworth), foaled 1836 ; imported in his mother's 
 belly by Thos. Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Eng. Emilius : 
 dam imp. Eliza (sister to Defiance) by Kubens. (See imp. 
 Eliza.) 
 
 Saltram, br. c, foaled 1780, by Eclipse, bred by Mr. Parker, and 
 imported by William Lightfoot, of Virginia, in 1800. 1st dam 
 Virago by Snap ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam sister to Black- 
 and-all-Black by Crab ; 4th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young 
 True Blue ; 5tli dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian ; 6tli dam 
 D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Sam Park, b. c, foaled 1839 ; imported with his mother by Messrs. 
 Hugh and John Kirkman, Alabama. By The Saddler : dam 
 imported Nanny Kilham by Voltair. (See imp. Nanny Kil- 
 ham.) 
 
 Sampson, b. c, foaled 1778, bred by Lord Eockingham, by Tan- 
 trum. 1st dam by Sampson ; 2d dam by the Godolphin colt ; 
 3d dam Flora by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 
 5th dam by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Belgrade Turk. 
 
 Sarpedon", br. c, foaled 1828, by Emilius, bred by General Grosye- 
 nor, and imported into America; stood at William G. Skill- 
 man's, near Lexington, Ky., 1835. Imported by Merritt & Co., 
 in 1834. 1st dam Icaria by The Flyer; 2d dam Parma by 
 Dick Andrews ; 3d dam May by Beningbrough ; 4th dam Prim- 
 rose by Mambrino ; 5tli dam Cricket by Herod ; 6th dam Sophia 
 by Blank ; 7th dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 8th dam 
 by Stanyan's Arabian ; 9 th dam Gipsy by King William's 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 565 
 
 No-toDgued Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 11th dam Royal 
 mare. 
 
 Scout, br. c, foaled 1836, by St. Nicholas, bred by Mr. J. Briskham ; 
 imported by Col. W. C. Beatty, Esq., of South Carolina. 1st 
 dam Mrs. Walker by Blacklock ; 2d dam Primette by Prime 
 Minister; 3d dam Miss Paul by Sir Paul; 4tli dam Miss Dun- 
 nington by Shuttle; 5th dam Miss Grimstone by Weasel; 6th 
 dam by Ancaster ; 7th dam by the Damascus Arabian ; 8th 
 dam by Sampson ; 9th dam Sophia (sister to Mirza) by the 
 Godolpliin Arabian; 10th dam by Hobgoblin; 11th dam by 
 Whitefoot; 12tli dam by Leedes; 13th dam Moonali Barb 
 mare. 
 
 ScTTHiAX, b. c, foaled 1851, by Orlando, bred by Col. Anson, and 
 imported by R. Aitcheson Alexander, of Woodburn Stud Farm, 
 Spring Station, Woodford county, Ky., in 1857. 1st dam 
 Scythia by Hetman Platoff; 2d dam Princess by Slane; 3d 
 dam sister to Cobweb by Phantom ; 4th dam Filagree by Sooth- 
 sayer ; 5th dam Web by Waxy ; 6th dam Penelope by Trumpa- 
 tor ; 7th dam Prunella by Highflyer; 8th dam Promise by Snap ; 
 9th dam Julia by Blank ; 10th dam Spectator's dam by Part- 
 ner; 11th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Bar- 
 ley's Arabian ; 13th dam by Byerly Turk ; 14th dam by TafFolet 
 Barb; 15th dam by Place's White Turk; 16th dam Natural 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Seagull, b. c, foaled 1786, by Woodpecker, bred by Mr. Panton ; 
 imported into Virginia about 1796, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam 
 Middlesex by Snap; 2d dam Miss Cleveland byEegulus; 3d 
 dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton ; 4th dam by Bartlett's Chil- 
 ders ; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 6th dam, dam of 
 the two True Blues. 
 
 Selim, b. c, foaled 1760, by Bajazet, bred by His Royal Highness 
 the Duke of Cumberland, and imported into Virginia. 1st 
 dam Miss Thigh by Rib; 2d dam Griswood's Lady Thigh by 
 Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam Sophonisba's dam 
 by the Curwen Bay Barb ; 5th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Ara- 
 bian ; 6th dam by Whiteshirt ; 7th dam Montague mare. 
 
 Serab, b. c, foaled 1821, by Phantom, bred by Mr. Batson ; im- 
 ported by Sir Isaac Coffin into Massachusetts, in 1828. (Im- 
 potent.) 1st dam Jessy by Totteridge; 2d dam Cracker by 
 Highflyer ; 3d dam Nutcracker by Matchem ; 4tli dam Miss 
 
5C6 THE HOESE. 
 
 Starling by Starling; 5th dam by Partner; 6th dam by Crofts' 
 Bay Barb; 7th dam byMakeless; 8th dam by Brimmer; 9th 
 dam by Dicky Pierson ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Shadow, b. c, foaled 1759, by Babraham, bred by Duke of North- 
 umberland, and the property of Thacker Burwell, Esq., of Vir- 
 ginia. 1st dam by Starling ; 2d dam Coughing Polly by Bart- 
 lett's Childers ; 3d dam by Counsellor (sister to Thunderbolt) ; 
 4th dam by Snake ; 5th dam by Luggs ; 6th dam by Davill's 
 Old Woodcock. 
 
 Shakespeaee, br. c, foaled 1835, by Smolensk©, bred by Mr. West, 
 and imported by Merritt & Co. into Virginia, in 1835. 1st 
 dam Charming Molly by Eubens ; 2d dam Comedy by Bening- 
 brough ; 3d dam Mrs. Jordan by Highflyer ; 4tli dam Harriet 
 by Matchem ; 5th dam Flora by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bart- 
 lett's Childers ; 7th dam by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Belgrade 
 Turk. 
 
 Shameock, ch. c, foaled 1836, by St. Patrick, bred by Mr. Sadler; 
 imported in his mother's belly, in 1835. 1st dam Delight by 
 Eeveller ; 2d dam Defiance by Rubens ; 3d dam Little Folly by 
 Highland Fling ; 4th dam Harriet by Volunteer ; 5th dam by 
 Alfred; 6th dam Magnolia by Marske; 7th dam by Babraham; 
 8th dam by Sedbury; 9th dam Ebony by Childers; lOtli dam 
 Old Ebony by Basto ; 11th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's 
 Black Barb. 
 
 Shaek, br. c, foaled 1771, by Marske, bred by Mr. Pigot. Died in 
 Virginia, 1795 or '6, aged 24 or '5 years. Marlborough was full 
 brother to Babraham and imported Selima, by Godolphin Ara- 
 bian. 1st dam by Snap ; 2d dam by Marlborough (Warwick- 
 shire Wag's dam) ; 3d dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Shaepcatchee, br. c, by Flat Catcher ; imported by Kentucky Im- 
 porting Company, 1860 ; foaled 1859 ; bred by Mr. Farrow ; 
 owned by A. S. Talbot, Lexington, Ky. 1st dam by Cowl ; 2d 
 dam Venus by Hercules (Aphrodite's dam) ; 3d dam Echo by 
 Emilius ; 4th dam by Scud or Pioneer ; 5th dam Canary Bird 
 by Whiskey or Sorcerer ; 6th dam Canary by Coriander ; 7th 
 dam Miss Green by Highflyer ; 8th dam Harriet by Matchem ; 
 9th dam Flora by Eegulus; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 
 11th dam by Bay Bolton ; 12th dam by Belgrade Turk, etc. 
 
 Shock, b. c, foaled 1729, by Jigg, bred by Mr. Howe, and imported 
 into Virginia. 1st dam by Snake (sister to Old Country 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 567 
 
 Wench); 2d dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy; 3d dam Miss 
 D'Arcy's Pet mare by Pet; 4th dam Sedbury Eoyal mare. 
 
 Shock, b. c, foaled , by Old Shock, bred by , and im- 
 ported by Col. Baylor, of Virginia. We cannot find this colt, 
 and find but one colt by Shock out of a Partner mare, Bolton, 
 foaled 1752. 1st dam by Partner; 2d dam by Makeless; 3d 
 dam by Brimmer; 4tli dam by Place's White Turk; 5th dam 
 by Dodsworth ; 6th dam Lay ton Barb mare. 
 
 Silver, g. c, foaled 1789, by Mercury, bred by the Duke of Graf- 
 ton ; imported by Mr. Drew, of Halifax county, N. C. ; after- 
 ward called Drew's Silver. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam Young 
 Hag by Skim; 3d dam Hag by Crab; 4th dam Ebony by 
 Childers ; 5th dam Ebony by Basto ; Cth dam Massey mare by 
 Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Silver Eye, ch. c, foaled , bred by . By Cullen Ara- 
 bian. We are unable to find Silver Eye. He is described as a 
 pale sorrel horse, with a white face, glass eyes, four white legs 
 above the knees before, and hocks behind. This description 
 was given by a gentleman who saw him in 17G2 or 17G3. He 
 was imported by Mr. S. Duval. 1st dam by Curwen's Bay 
 Barb; 2d dam Byerly Turk; 3d dam Curwen's Spot; 4th 
 dam White-legged Lowther Barb ; 5th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Sir Harry, br. c, foaled 1795, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. 
 Cookson, and imported by Mr. Haxall, of Virginia, in 1804. 
 1st dam Matron by Alfred; 2d dam Pilot's dam by Marske; 3d 
 dam by Eegulus ; 4th dam Wildair's dam by Steady ; 5th dam 
 by Partner; 6th dam by Greyhound ; 7th dam Chestnut Lay- 
 ton by Makeless; 8th dam Bay Layton by Counsellor; 9th 
 dam by Brimmer ; lOtli dam Trumpet's dam by Place's White 
 Turk; lltli dam by Dodsworth; 12th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Sir Peter Teazle, br. c, foaled 1791, bred by Lord Stamford; im- 
 ported into Virginia by Hon. John Tayloe. By Sir Peter Tea- 
 zle. Died 1811. 1st dam Lucy by Conductor ; 2d dam Lucy 
 by Spectator; 3d dam by Blank; 4tli dam by Childers; 5th 
 dam by True Blue ; 6th dam by Cyprus Arabian ; 7th dam 
 Bonny Black by Black Hearty. 
 
 Sir Peter Teazle, r. c, foaled 1802, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by 
 Mr. Harris; imported into South Carolina by Gen. John 
 McPherson. 1st dam Vivaldi's dam by Mercury; 2d dam 
 Cytherea by Herod; 3d dam Lily by Blank; 4th dani by Cade; 
 
568 THE HOESE. 
 
 5th dam sister to "Widdrington mare by Partner; Gtli dam by 
 Bloody Buttocks ; Ttli dam by Greyhound ; 8th dam by Make- 
 less ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; 10th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 11th dam by Dodsworth; 12th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 SiE Peter Teazle (Young), br. c, foaled in 1801, bred by Mr. 
 Walker, and imported into Virginia, by Colonels Tallmadge 
 and Tayloe. 1st dam by Alexander ; 2d dam by Dux ; 3d dam 
 Folly by Blank ; 4th dam sister to Regulus by Godolphin Ara- 
 bian ; 5th dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Galloway ; Gth dam 
 by Snake; 7th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Sir Egbert, b, c, foaled 1832 or 1833 (Fidalma had two foals in 
 succession, both bay colts, by Bobadil), by Bobadil. 1st dam 
 Fidalma by Waxy Pope ; 2d dam Dinarzade by Selim ; 3d dam 
 Princess by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4:tli dam by Dunganon; 5tli dam 
 by Turf; 6th dam by Herod ; Yth dam Golden Grove by Blank ; 
 8th dam Spinster by Partner ; 9th dam sister to Squirrel's dam 
 by Bloody Buttocks; 10th dam by Greyhound; 11th dam by 
 Makeless; 12th dam by Brimmer; 13th dam by Place's White 
 Turk ; 14th dam by Dodsworth ; loth dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Sir Tatto^st, ch. c, foaled 1856, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes; imported 
 into Ohio by James Fullington, Esq. By Daniel O'Eourke. 
 Sir Tatton covered two mares spring of 1860, and died soon 
 after. 1st dam sister to Driffield by Hampton; 2d dam by 
 Comus ; 3d dam by Smolensko ; 4th dam (sister to Orphan) by 
 Camillus ; 5th dam by Gabriel ; 6th dam Legacy by King Fer- 
 gus ; 7th dam Mortonia by Herod ; 8th dam by Northumber- 
 land ; 9tli dam by Eegulus ; 10th dam by Lord Moreton's Ara- 
 bian. 
 
 Sir Walter, — c, foaled , by Marplot. First dam (imported 
 
 Citizen's dam) Princess by Turk. Princess by Turk had no 
 foal by Marplot. We think this a spurious pedigree, or else 
 the year of foaling would be given. (See E. S. B,, vol. 1, pages 
 153 and 154. 
 
 Skim, gr. c, foaled 1746, by Starling, bred by Mr. Eouth. 1st dam 
 Miss Mayes by Bartlett's Childers ; 2d dam by Counsellor ; 3d 
 dam by Snake ; 4th dam by Luggs ; 5tli dam by Davill's Wood- 
 cock. 
 
 Skim, c, imported into South Carolina, 1760, then five years old, 
 was by the CuUen Arabian. He ran successfully, and stood at 
 Mr. John Myrant's, on the Santee, at £20. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIONS. 569 
 
 Skylark, br. c, foaled 1783, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. ■W}Tidham. 
 1st dam Cliedworth's Snap ; 2d dam by Squirt ; 3d dam Baja- 
 zet's dam by Wliitefoot ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam Moo- 
 nah Barb mare. 
 
 Skylark, br. c, foaled 1826, by Waxy Pope, bred by Mr. Daxon. 
 Imported by Messrs. Merritt, of Virginia. 1st dam Skylark by 
 Musician ; 2d dam Piroiiette by Young Eagle ; 3d dam Parisot 
 by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Deceit by Tandem ; 5 th dam 
 Perdita by Herod ; 6th dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 7tli dam by 
 Forester ; 8th dam by Partner ; 9th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 
 10th dam by Makeless ; lltli dam by Brimmer ; 12th dam by 
 a son of Dodsworth ; 13th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Slender, b. c, foaled 1779, by Herod, bred by the Duke of Queens- 
 bury. He was full brother in blood to Highflyer, and stood near 
 New York in 1788. 1st dam Eutli (sister to Highflyer's dam) 
 by Blank ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Soreheels ; 4th 
 dam by Makeless; 5th dam Christopher D'Arcy's Koyal 
 mare. 
 
 Slim, or Sprightly, or Slip, ch. c, foaled 1768, by son of Babra- 
 ham, bred by Mr. Wildman. 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam 
 by Sedbury; 3d dam Ebony by Childers; 4th dam Ebony 
 by Basto; 5th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black 
 Barb. 
 
 Slouch, ch. c, foaled 1747, by Cade, bred by Sir J. Moore, and im- 
 ported into F'outli Carolina. 1st dam Little Hartley mare by 
 Bartlett's Cliilders; 2d dam Flying Whig by William's Wood- 
 stock Arabian ; 3d dam by St. Victor Barb ; 4tli dam by Why- 
 not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; 5th dam Royal mare. 
 
 Sloven, bl. c, foaled 1756, by Cub, and imported into New York. 
 We cannot find this colt. 1st dam by the Bolton Starling; 2d 
 dam by Godolphin Arabian; 3d dam by Childers; 4th dam 
 Bonny Black by Black Hearty. ' 
 
 Snap, br. c, foaled about 1757 or '8 ; imported into South Carolina 
 by Capt. Parker, 1767. By Snap. 1st dam Vanessa by Eegu- 
 lus ; 2d dam by Fox ; 3d dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 
 4tli dam by Bassett Arabian ; 5tli dam an Arab mare. 
 
 Snipe, b. c, foaled 1762, bred by Mr. Vernon; imported into South 
 Carolina, and stood near Jacksonborough in 1772 and '73. By 
 Snap. 1st dam by Blank; 2d dam Dizzy by Driver ; 3d dam 
 
570 THE HORSE. 
 
 by Smiling Tom; 4th dam Miss Hip by Oysterfoot; 5th dam 
 by Merlin ; Gth dam by Commouer ; 7th dam the Duke of Som- 
 erset's Coi^pin mare. 
 
 SoBEE JoH]sr, foaled 1748 ; imported into Virginia by Col. Baylor. 
 By Eib ; balance of pedigree unknown. The following sketch 
 may be found in Heber's English Eacing Calendar for 1754, 
 page 187. He ran that year six times, and won the following 
 races: May 23, "Wisbech, Norfolk, iE50; June 12, Stamford, 
 Lincolnshire, .£50. 
 
 SoMOKOCODRON', b. c, foaled 1830, bred by Mr. Smith ; imported 
 into Canada by H. P. Simmons, Esq. By Brutandorf. 1st dam 
 by Traveler ; 2d dam by Hambletonian ; 3d dam Vesta by Del- 
 pini; 4tli dam Faith by Pacolet; 5tli dam Atalanta by 
 Matchem ; Gth dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 7th dam 
 Lass of the Mill by Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makeless by son 
 of Greyhound; 9th dam by Partner; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam 
 by Woodcock; lltli dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 12th dam Des- 
 demona's dam by Makeless. 
 
 Sorrow, ch. c, foaled in 1835, by Defence, bred by Mr. Sadler, and 
 imported with his dam when a suckling, by Col. Wade Hamp- 
 ton, of South Carolina. 1st dam imp. Tears by Woful ; 2d dam 
 Miss Stej)henson by Scud or Sorcerer ; 3d dam sister to Pet- 
 worth by Precipitate ; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5tli dam sister 
 to Juniper by Snap ; Gth dam Young Marske's dam by Blank ; 
 7tli dam Bay Starling by the Bolton Starling ; 8th dam Miss 
 Meynell by Partner; 9th dam by Greyhound; 10th dam by 
 Curwen Bay Barb ; lltli dam by Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 12th 
 dam by Whiteshirt ; 13th dam Old Montagu mare. 
 
 SOURCROUT, b. c, foaled 1786, by Highflyer, bred by the Duke of 
 Grafton; stood in Tennessee. 1st dam Jewel by Squirrel; 2d 
 dam Sophia by Blank ; 3d dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 
 4th dam Mr. Hanger's Brown mare by Stanyan's Arabian ; 5th 
 dam Gipsey by King William's No-tongued Barb ; Gth dam by 
 Makeless ; 7tli dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 SovEREiGivr, b. c, foaled 183G, by Emilius, bred by His Majesty King 
 William IV, at Hampton Court, and imported by Col. Wade 
 Hampton, of South Carolina; late the property of Capt. A. 
 Buford, Bosque Bonita, Stud Farm, Woodford county, Ky. 
 Since dead. 1st dam Fleur-de-Lis by Bourbon ; 2d dam Lrdy 
 Eachel by Stamford ; 3d dam Young Eachael by Volunteer ; 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED STALLIOKS. 571 
 
 4tli clam Eacliael by Highflyer ; 6th dam Tandem's sister by 
 Syplion ; 6tli dam by Eegulus ; 7tli dam by Snip ; 8tli dam 
 Cottingbam; 9tb dam Warlock Galloway by Snake; 10th dam 
 sister to the Carlisle gelding by the Bald Galloway. 
 
 Spadille, b. c, foaled 1784, by Highflyer, bred by Lord A. Hamil- 
 ton, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam Flora by Squirrel; 
 2d dam Angelica by Snap ; 3d dam by Eegulus ; 4th dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th 
 dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Spark, — c, foaled , by Honeycomb Punch ; imported into 
 
 Maryland by Gov. Ogle, and was presented to him by Lord Bal- 
 timore, who received him as a present from His Eoyal High- 
 ness, Frederick, Prince of Wales. The Wilkes' mare was im- 
 ported into America by Col. Colville, of Virginia, and called 
 Miss Colville. 1st dam Wilkes' mare (called Miss Colville) by 
 Hautboy ; 2d dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Spark (Old), foaled , bred by , imported by Benj. Tasker, 
 
 Esq., Maryland. By Aleppo (son of Parley Arabian). 1st dam 
 by Bartlett's Childers; 2d dam by Old Spark (son of Honey- 
 comb Punch); 3d dam by Coneyskins; 4th dam Sweetlips by 
 Cade ; 5th dam by Jigg ; Cth dam (dam of Squirt) by Snake. 
 
 Speculator, b. c, foaled 1795, by Dragon, bred by the Duke of 
 Bedford, and imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes, in 1801. 
 1st dam sister to Sting by Herod ; 2d dam Florizel's dam by 
 Cygnet ; 3d dam by Cartouch ; 4th dam Ebony by Childers ; 
 5th dam Ebony by Basto ; Gth dam Mr. Massey's mare by Mr. 
 Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Sportsman, ch. c, foaled about 1757, imported into South Carolina 
 by Messrs. Mansell, Corbett & Co. By son of Blaze out of a 
 Second mare. 1st dam by Golden Ball ; 2d dam by Lord Bed- 
 ford's Arabian ; 3d dam by Bay Bolton. 
 
 Spread Eagle, b. c, foaled 1792, by Volunteer, bred by Sir F. 
 Standish, and imported into Virginia by Col. Hoomes. Died 
 in Kentucky 1805, aged 13. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam 
 by Engineer ; 3d dam by Cade ; 4th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Traveler ; 5th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound ; 6th 
 dam 1)y Partner ; 7th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 8th 
 dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th dam by 
 Brimmer; 11th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 12th dam Burton Barb 
 mare. 
 
572 THE HORSE. 
 
 Speightlt, ch. c, foaled 17C3, imported by Messrs. Mansell, Corbett 
 & Co. into South Carolina, 17G7. By Sportsman, also imported 
 by the same parties. 1st dam by Cartouch ; 2d dam by Old 
 Cade. 
 
 Stafford, — c, foaled 1833, by Memnon, bred by , and im- 
 ported into New York the spring of 1835, at two years old. He 
 made his first season in South Carolina in 1838, and died in 
 NoTember, 1840. 1st dam by Piscator ; 2d dam Mademoiselle 
 Presle by Sir Peter Teazle ; 3d dam Nina by Eclipse ; 4th dam 
 Pomona by Herod ; 5th dam Caroline by Snap ; 6th dam by 
 Eegulus ; 7tli dam by Hip ; 8th dam by Hartley's blind horse ; 
 9th dam by Flying Whig. 
 
 Star, b. c, foaled 1785, by Highflyer, bred by Eichard Taylor, Esq., 
 and imported into South Carolina by General John McPherson. 
 He died in 1811. 1st dam by Snap; 2d dam Eiddle (sister 
 to Pumpkin) by Matchem; 3d dam by Squirt; 4tli dam Lot's 
 dam by Mogiil ; 5th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 6tli dam Old 
 Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 7th dam by Eockwood ; 
 8th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Starlikg, c, bred by Lord Eockingham, imported into South Caro- 
 lina about 1767, owned by Wm. Moultrie, St. John's Parish, up 
 to 1772. By Old Starling. 1st dam by the Godolphin Ara- 
 bian ; 2d dam by Childers ; 3d dam by True Blue ; 4th dam by 
 Cypress ; 5th dam Duke of Eutland's famous mare Bonny 
 Black by Black Hearty ; 6th dam by Persian stallion. 
 
 Starling, g. c, foaled 1756 (it is said), by Young Starling, bred by 
 Mr. Holme ; imported by Messrs. Carlisle & Dalson, of Alexan- 
 dria, Va. We cannot find the produce of the Eegulus mare ; 
 the balance of the joedigree from Eegulus back is correct, and 
 doubtless the other is. 1st dam by Eegulus ; 2d dam by Snake ; 
 3d dam by Partner ; 4th dam by Crofts' Egyptian ; 5th dam 
 Grey Woodcock by Woodcock ; 6th dam Pet Mare by Watsell's 
 Turk; 7th dam by Hautboy; 8th dam Trumpet's dam by 
 Place's White Turk ; 9th dam by Dodsworth ; 10th dam Layton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Starling, g. c, foaled 1757 ; imported by Messrs. Carlisle & Dalson, 
 of Alexandria, Va., in the ship Christian. Full brother to the 
 preceding colt. 
 
 Starling, b. c, foaled 1757, by Young Starling. We cannot find 
 this colt. 1st dam by Slipby ; 2d dam by Partner; 3d dam by 
 
LIST or IMPORTED STALLIONS. 573 
 
 Greyhound; 4th dam by "Wastell's Turk; 5th dam by Old 
 Hautboy ; 6th dam by Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dods- 
 worth ; 8tli dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Starli^stg, g. c, foaled 1800, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. Wil- 
 son, and imported into Virginia. 1st dam sister to Windlestone 
 by Magnet ; 2d dam by Le Sang ; 3d dam by Eib ; 4th dam 
 Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 5th dam by Mon- 
 tague ; 6th dam by Hautboy ; 7th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Sterlikg, b. c, foaled 1757, by Young Starling. We cannot find 
 this colt; the pedigree maybe correct. 1st dam by Eegulus; 
 2d dam by Roundhead; 3d dam by Partner; 4th dam by 
 Makeless; 5th dam by Brimmer; Gth dam Trumpet's dam by 
 Place's White Turk ; 7th dam by Dodsworth ; Stli dam Layton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Sterling, called also Starling, g. c, foaled 1762, by the Belsize Ara- 
 bian, bred by Mr. Simpson, and imported by Capt. William 
 Evans, of Surry county, Va. We cannot find the above colt; 
 the pedigree may be correct. 1st dam by Bowe's Snake ; 2d 
 dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Nephewson ; 4th dam Mr. Shir- 
 ley's famous mare. 
 
 Stirling, b. c, foaled 1791, by Volunteer, bred by , and im- 
 ported into Virginia, 1799, by Col. Hoomes. 1st dam Harriet 
 by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Young Cade ; 3d dam Childerkin by 
 Second ; 4th dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 5tli dam Gipsey by Bay 
 Bolton ; Gth dam by Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; 7th dam by 
 Byerly Turk ; 8th dam by Taflfolet Barb ; 9th dam by Place's 
 White Turk ; 10th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Stone Plover, b. c, bred by Lord Spencer, foaled 1850; imported 
 by Thomas Williams, and stood one season in Kentucky ; no-w- 
 in Michigan. By Cotherstone. 1st dam Wryneck by Slane ; 
 2d dam Gitaua by Tramp ; 3d dam Mrs. Fry by Walton ; 4th 
 dam Vourneen by Sorcerer ; 5th dam Tooee by Buzzard ; 6th 
 dam Violet by Shark ; 7th dam by Syphon ; 8th dam Charlotte 
 by Blank; 9th dam by Crab; 10th dam by Dyer's Dimple; 
 11th dam by Bethel's Castaway ; 12th dam Why-not ; 13th dam 
 a Royal mare. 
 
 Strap, b. c, foaled 1800, by Beningbrough, bred by Mr. W. Lee; 
 imported by Mr. Cotton into North Carolina. 1st dam by 
 Highflyer ; 2d dam by Tatler ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4th dam by 
 Godolpbin Arabian ; 5th dam by Frampton's White-neck by 
 
574 THE HORSE. 
 
 Curwen's Bay Barb ; Gth dam by Old Spot ; 7tli dam by White- 
 legged Lowther Barb ; 8tli dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 St. George, br. c, foaled 1771, by Dragon, bred by Mr. 0. Hanger, 
 and imported (it is said) by Col. Hoomes, of Virginia. 1st dam 
 Sally by Blank ; 2d dam Poppet by Black Chance ; 3d dam by 
 Looby; 4th dam by Partner; 5th dam by Woodcock; 6tli dam 
 by Makeless ; 7th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 8tli dam Burton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 St. George, b. c, foaled 1789 ; imported into Virginia (it is said) by 
 Col. J. C. Goode, Virginia. By Highflyer. 1st dam by Eclipse; 
 2d dam Miss Spindleshanks by Omar ; 3d dam by Starling ; 
 4th dam by the Godolphin Arabian ; 5th dam by Stanyan Ara- 
 bian ; 6th dam by Pelham Barb ; 7th dam by Spot ; 8th dam 
 by Wliite-legged Lowther Barb; 9th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 St. Giles, ch. c, foaled 1829, by Tramp, bred by Eidsdale, and 
 imported by James Jackson, of Alabama, in 1835. 1st dam 
 Arcot Lass by Ardrossan ; 2d dam by Cramlington ; 3d dam 
 Floyerkin by Stride ; 4th dam Little England's dam by Jave- 
 lin ; 5th dam sister to Toby by Highflyer; 6th dam by Matchem ; 
 7th dam by Dainty Davy ; 8th dam by son of Mogul ; 9th dam 
 by Crab; 10th dam by Bay Bolton ; 11th dam by Curwen's Bay 
 Barb ; 12th dam by Old Spot ; 13th dam by White-legged Low- 
 ther Barb ; 14th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 St. Paul, ch. c, foaled 1789, by Highflyer, bred by H. E. H. the 
 Prince of Wales, and imported into Virginia by Wm. Lightfoot, 
 Esq., in 1804. 1st dam Purity by Matchem; 2d dam by 
 Squirt; 3d dam Lot's dam by Mogul; 4th dam Camilla by 
 Bay Bolton ; 5th dam Old Lady (Starling's dam) by Pullein's 
 chestnut Arabian ; Gth dam by Eockwood ; 7th dam by Bust- 
 ler. 
 
 Sweeper, bl. c, foaled in 1751, by Sloe ; imported and stood in 
 North Carolina. The English Stud Book does not state the 
 year of his foaling; see vol. 1, page 433. 1st dam by Mogul; 
 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Coneyskins. 
 
 Sweeper, br. or bl. c, foaled , bred , and imported by 
 
 . By Beaver's Driver. We cannot find Sweeper, and 
 
 think there is an error in the pedigree. Thwaite's Dun mare 
 was the dam of Beaver's Driver, the sire of Sweeper. We sup- 
 pose this was intended for Sweeper by Sloe, which we give. 1 st 
 dam Thwaite's Dun mare by the Ancaster Turk ; 2d dam by 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIONS. 575 
 
 the Walpole Barb ; 3d dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 
 4th dam by Paget Turk; 5th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' 
 Arabian ; 6th dam by Spanker. 
 Swiss, b. c, foaled 1821, by Whisker, bred by Col. Cradock, and im- 
 ported in 1835, by F. B. Ogden. 1st dam by Shuttle ; 2d dam 
 Lady Sarah by Fidget ; 3d dam by Alfred ; 4tli dam Magnolia 
 by Marske; 5 th dam by Babraham; 6th dam by Sedbury; 7th 
 dam Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam 
 Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Tannee, b. c, foaled 1757, bred by , and imported into St. 
 
 Mary's county, Md., by Daniel Wolstenholme. By Young 
 
 Cade. First dam by . We cannot find anything beyond 
 
 what is stated above. This colt was run by Mr. Harrison. 
 (See English Eacing Calendar for 1762, page 84.) 
 Taequin, — c, foaled 1720, by the Hampton Court Chestnut Ara- 
 bian, bred by Mr. Strickland. 1st dam Leedes' mare by Leedes ; 
 2d dam Moonah Barb mare. 
 Taequin", c. ; imported into South Carolina, 1763; stood at John 
 Izard's, on Ashley Eiver. By Old Tarquin. First dam an 
 Arabian mare. 
 Tatteesall, b. c, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Tattersall ; imported by 
 Capt. Donald Kowe, South Carolina. By Saracen. 1st dam 
 Minnow by Filho da Puta ; 2d dam Mervinia by Walton ; 3d 
 dam Phantasmagoria by Precipitate ; 4th dam Cerberus dam 
 by Herod ; 5th dam by Marske ; 6th dam by Skim ; 7th dam 
 Hag by Crab ; 8th dam Ebony by Childers ; 9th dam Ebony by 
 Basto ; 10th dam Massey mare by his Black Barb. 
 Telegeaph, br. c, foaled 1795, by Sir Peter Teazle, bred by Mr. 
 Baldock. 1st dam Fame by Pantaloon ; 2d dam Diomed's dam 
 by Spectator ; 3d dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 4th dam 
 by Childers ; 5th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; Gth 
 dam by Paget Turk ; 7th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Ara- 
 bian ; 8th dam by Spanker. 
 Teneeiffe, b. c, foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Boothe ; imported by 
 Thos. Flintoff, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By Conqueror. 1st 
 dam by Mulatto ; 2d dam by Discount ; 3d dam by Stamford ; 
 4th dam by Young Marske ; 5th dam by Bosphorus ; 6th dam 
 by Eib ; 7th dam by Hip ; 8tli dam Large Hartley mare by 
 Mr. Hartley's blind horse ; 9th dam Flying Whig by Woodstock 
 Arabian; 10th dam by St. Victor Barb; 11th dam by Why-- 
 not ; 12th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
576 THE HOKSE. 
 
 The Eael, b. c, foaled 1868 ; imported in his mother's belly by 
 Mr. A. Belmont, N. Y. By The Marquis : dam imported Fleur- 
 des-Champs (which see). 
 
 Tickle Toby, b. c., foaled 1786, bred by Mr. Wastell ; the property 
 of Caleb Boush, of Princess Anne county, Virginia. By Alfred. 
 1st dam Ca;lia by Herod ; 2d dam Proserpine by Marske ; 3d 
 dam Spiletta by Eegulus ; 4th dam Mother Western by Smith, 
 '.' son of Snake ; 5th dam by Montague ; 6th dam by Hautboy ; 
 7th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Toby, ch. c. (called also Sporting Toby), foaled , bred by . 
 
 By Janus. "We cannot find this colt. He was imported into 
 North Carolina, and was the property of Mr. Alston, of that 
 State. 1st dam by Fox ; 2d dam by Bald Galloway. 
 
 Toby, b. c, foaled 1786, by Highflyer, bred by Mr. Bullock, and im- 
 ported by Col. Tayloe, of Virginia. He died on his passage to 
 America. 1st dam by Matchem ; 2d dam by Dainty Davy ; 3d 
 dam by a son of Mogul ; 4th dam by Crab ; 5 th dam by Bay 
 Bolton; 6th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 7th dam by Old 
 Spot; 8th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 9th dam Old 
 Vintner mare. 
 
 Tom Breeze, ch. c, foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Thornhill; imported 
 by John Eouth, Esq., Natchez, Miss. By St. Patrick. 1st dam 
 Maria by Whisker ; 2d dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes ; 3d dam 
 Vicissitude by Pipator ; 4th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 5tli 
 dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 6th dam Duchess by Whitenose ; 
 7th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 8th dam by 
 Oxford Dun Arabian; 9th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal 
 mare, 
 
 Tom Ceib, ch. c, foaled 1847, by Gladiator, bred by Mr. E. E. Oli- 
 ver, or Sir E. W. Bulkeley, and imported into America ; owned 
 by John Appleton, New York. 1st dam Jemima by Count 
 Porro ; 2d dam Mrs. Suggs by Crispin ; 3d dam by Totteridge ; 
 4th dam by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5th dam Maid of Ely by Tan- 
 dem ; 6th dam Harlot's dam by Herod ; 7th dam by Young 
 Cade. 
 
 Tom Jones, g. c, foaled 1745, by Partner, bred by Mr. Crofts, and 
 imported by Sir Marmaduke Beckwith, of Virginia, about 1755. 
 1st dam by True Blue ; 2d dam by Cyprus ; 3d dam Bonny 
 Black by Black Hearty ; 4th dam by a Persian stallion. 
 
 Touchstone, half-bred c, foaled about 1800 ; stood at Thos. Beans', 
 Pennsylvania. By Clothier (son of Matchem) ; dam unknown. 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 577 
 
 Tean^by, br. c, foaled 1826, by Blacklock, bred by Mr. Eidsdde, 
 and imported, in 1835, by Merritt & Co., of Virginia. 1st dam 
 by Orville; 2d dam Miss Grimstone by Weasel; 3d dam by 
 Ancaster ; 4tli dam by Damascus Arabian ; 5th dam by Samp- 
 son ; Gtli dam by Oroonoko ; 7th dam sister to Mizra by Go- 
 dolphin Arabian ; 8tli dam by Hobgoblin ; 9th dam by White- 
 foot; 10th dam by Leedes; 11th dam Moonah Barb mare. 
 
 Traveler (Mr. Coatsworth's), — c, foaled 1746, by Traveler. 1st 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 2d dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by 
 a son of Bald Galloway ; 3d dam Daffodil's dam by a foreign 
 horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's. 
 
 Traveler (Moreton's). Various conjectures have arisen respecting 
 the true pedigree of this horse. We give the different pedigrees. 
 Bay colt, foaled about 1748, bred by Mr. Crofts, by Partner. 
 This mare had colt foals by Partner in 1734, '37, '40, '43, '45, 
 '46 and '47. She missed to Partner in 1742 and 1748. Tliis is 
 the true pedigree. 1st dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by Bloody 
 Buttocks ; 2d dam by Greyhound ; 3d dam by Makeless ; 4th 
 dam by Brimmer; 5th dam by Place's White Turk; 6tli dam 
 by Dodsworth ; 7th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Traveler (alias Big Ben), b. c, foaled 1781, and imported by Wil- 
 liam Barksdale, of London, for James Strange, Esq., near Man- 
 chester, Virginia, in 1797. By Eclipse. He appears as Mr. 
 Croke's Charlemont. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam by Blank ; 
 3d dam by Snip ; 4tli dam by Partner ; 5th dam by Bloody 
 Buttocks ; Gth dam by Greyhound ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th 
 dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by Place's White Turk ; 10 th dam 
 by Dodsworth ; 11th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Trinculo, b. c, foaled , by Willeby's Old Trinculo, bred by 
 
 Mr. R W. Pearce. Wo cannot find this colt. 1st dam by Jus- 
 tice; 2d dam by Highflyer; 3d dam by Star Gazer; 4th dam by 
 Amazon. 
 
 True Blue, b. c, foaled 1797, by Walnut, bred by Mr. Hutchison; 
 imported by Governor James Turner, of Warren county, IS". C, 
 in 1803. 1st dam by King Fergus; 2d dam Cselia by Herod; 
 3d dam Proserpine l)y Marske ; 4tli dam Spiletta by Eegulus ; 
 5th dam Mother Western by Smith, son of Snake ; 6tli dam by 
 Montague ; 7th dam by Hautboy ; 8th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Truffle Young, br. c, foaled 1824, by Old Trufile, bred by the 
 Duke of Glaiche, in France, and imported into Virginia by 
 Vol. L— 37 
 
578 THE HOESE. 
 
 James Barbour, Minister Plenipotentiary from the United States 
 to the Court of Great Britain, in 1830. We find no produce 
 given out of Helen, but that is doubtless owing to her exporta- 
 tion to France, where this colt was foaled. 1st dam Helen by 
 Whiskey ; 2d dam Brown Justice by Justice ; 3d dam Xenia 
 by Challenger ; 4th dam Xantippe by Eclipse ; 5th dam Gre- 
 cian Princess by William's Forester ; 6th dam by the Coalition 
 colt ; 7th dam by Bustard ; 8th dam Lord Leigh's Charming 
 Molly by Second ; 9th dam Mr. Hanger's brov/n mare by Stan- 
 yan's Arabian ; 10th dam Gipsey by King William's No-tongued 
 Arabian; 11th dam by Makeless; 13th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Teustee, ch. c, foaled 1829, by Catton, bred by Mr. Eidsdale, and 
 imported, in 1835, by Capt. Stockton, U. S. N., of New Jersey. 
 1st dam Emma by Whisker; 2d dam Gibside Fairy by Hermes; 
 3d dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 4th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter 
 Teazle; 5th dam Pyrrha by Matchem; 6th dam Duchess by 
 Whitenose ; 7th dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 
 8th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian ; 9tli dam by D'Arcy's Black- 
 legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Tup, b. c, foaled 1796, by Jayelin, bred by Mr. Bullock. 1st dam 
 Flavia by Plunder ; 2d dam Miss Euston by Snap ; 3d dam 
 Charmer by Blank ; 4th dam by Cartouch ; 5th dam by Sore- 
 heels ; 6th dam by Makeless ; 7th dam D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. 
 
 Valentine (originally called Tommy Longlegs), b. c, foaled 1823, 
 bred by Mr. Houldsworth, and imported into New York, 1826. 
 By Magistrate. 1st dam Miss Forester (first called Miss Hol- 
 land) by Diamond ; 2d dam by Alexander ; 3d dam Captain 
 Absolute's dam by Sweet William; 4tli dam Thetis byChymist; 
 5th dam Curiosity by Snap ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by 
 Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam l3y Hone}"wood's Aral)ian ; 9th 
 dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Valliant, dun colt, foaled , by Dormouse. Wo cannot find 
 
 this colt. 1st dam by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Crofts' Partner ; ' 
 3d dam Thwaite's dun mare by the Ancaster Turk. 
 
 Valpaeaiso, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Velocipede, bred by the Duke 
 of Leeds, and imported in 1840, by Messrs. Shirley & Birch, 
 Kentucky. 1st dam Juliana by Gohanna ; 2d dam Platina by 
 Mercury ; 3d dam by Herod ; 4th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 
 5th dam Hag by Crab ; 6th dam Ebony by Childers ; 7th dam 
 Ebony by Basto ; 8th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black 
 Barb. 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED STALLIOKS. 579 
 
 Vampire, — c, foaled 1757, by Eegulus, bred by Lord Waldegrave. 
 He stood in Virginia. Edgar states that Vampire was by Wil- 
 son's Arabian ; but the English Stud Book states he was by 
 Eegulus. 1st dam (the dam of Wildair) by Steady ; 2d dam by 
 Partner; 3d dam by Greyhound; 4tli dam Chestnut Layton 
 by Makeless; 5th dam by Counsellor; 6th dam by Brimmer; 
 7th dam by Place's White Turk. 
 
 Venetiaist, b. c, foaled 1782, bred by Sir James Penn}Tnan, of 
 Yorkshire, England. By Doge. We cannot find this colt. 
 We find two stud colts called Venetian, by Doge, but the dams 
 are differently bred from the above. 1st dam by Old Snap ; 2d 
 dam by Dyer's Dimple ; 3d dam by Fox. 
 
 Veketiaist, ch. c, foaled 1786, bred by Mr. Panton. By Doge. We 
 are inclined to believe this is the pedigree of the Venetian im- 
 ported. 1st dam Helen by Conductor; 2d dam by Shakes- 
 peare ; 3d dam by Cade ; 4th dam sister to Lodge's Eoan mare 
 by Partner. 
 
 Victory, b. c, foaled 1825, by Waterloo, bred by the Duke of Eut- 
 land; stood at Lancaster, Pa., at Edward Parker's, in 1835; 
 imported 1833, by William Jackson. 1st dam Adeline by 
 Soothsayer; 2d dam Elizabeth by Orville; 3d dam Penny- 
 trumpet by Trumpator; 4th dam Young Camilla by Wood- 
 jDecker; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 6th dam Coquette by 
 the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegulus by the Godol- 
 phin Arabian ; 8th dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Galloway ; 
 9th dam by Snake ; 10th dam Old Wilkes, a daughter of Old 
 Hautboy. 
 
 Volnet, b. c, foaled 1833, by Velocipede, bred by Mr. E. Stephen- 
 son; imported into Tennessee. 1st dam by Phantom; 2d dam 
 by Overton ; 3d dam Gratitude's dam by Walnut ; 4th dam by 
 Euler ; 5th dam Pirancanthaby Matchem ; 6th dam Prophetess 
 by Eegulus ; 7th dam Jenny Spinner by Partner ; 8th dam by 
 Greyhound; 9th dam Sophonisba's dam by Dyer's Dimple; 
 10th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 11th dam by D'Arcy's 
 Chestnut Arabian ; 12th dam by Whiteshirt ; 13th dam Mon- 
 tague mare. 
 
 V^olunteer, ch. c, foaled , by Volunteer, bred by Col. O'Kelly, 
 
 and imported by Col. Tayloe, of Virginia, along with Dungan- 
 non. We cannot find the Whipcord mare, but find her dam. 
 Miss Wriggle, by Blank. 1st dam by Whipcord; 2d dam by 
 
580 THE HOESE. 
 
 Blank (Miss Wriggle) ; 3d dam by Crab ; 4th dam by Childers ; 
 5th dam Miss Jigg (sister to Partner) by Jigg ; Gth dam sister 
 to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 7th dam by Old Spot ; 
 8th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 9th dam Old Vintner 
 mare. 
 
 Waltoist, b. c, foaled 1864, bred by Mr. W. Eeeves ; imported into 
 America 1868. By Wild Deyrell: dam Alma by Flatcatcher; 
 2d dam Miss Gilmour by Physician ; 3d dam by Stamford ; 4th 
 dam Lady of the Lake by Beningbrough ; 5th dam Thatchella 
 by Highflyer ; 6tli dam by Marske; 7th dam by Eegulus; 8th 
 dam by Steady. 
 
 Wakminstek, b. or b. c, foaled 1859, bred by ; imported by 
 
 R. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Newminster. 1st dam 
 Black Bess by Ratcatcher ; 2d dam Polydora by Priam, dam of 
 Polydore and Wrotham ; 3d dam Manto by Tiresias (dam of 
 Cassandra) ; 4th dam by Walton ; 5th dam Young Noisette by 
 Diomed ; 6tli dam Noisette by Squirrel ; 7th dam Carina by 
 Marske ; 8th dam (Thunder's dam) by Blank ; 9tli dam Dizzy 
 by Driver; 10th dam by Smiling Tom; 11th dam by Oyster- 
 foot; 12th dam by Merlin; 13th dam by Commoner; 14th dam 
 Coppin mare. 
 
 Whale, b. c, foaled 1830, by Whalebone, bred by Mr. Greville, and 
 imported into Virginia, in 1835, by Merritt & Co. 1st dam 
 Rectory by Octavius ; 2d dam Catherine by Woodpecker ; 3d 
 dam Camilla by Trentham ; 4tli dam Coquette by the Compton 
 Barb ; 5th dam sister to Regulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 
 6tli dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 7th dam by 
 Old Snake; 8th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Whip, b. c, foaled 1794, by Saltram, bred byMr. Durand; imported 
 into Virginia, 1801. Died 1825. 1st dam by Herod ; 2d dam 
 by Oroonoko ; 3d dam Creampot's dam by Cartoucli ; 4th dam 
 Arabian mare of Sir John Seabright's. 
 
 Whikligig, b. c, foaled 1763, by Capt. , bred , and 
 
 imported by Capt. Allen into Philadelphia, Pa., in 1773. He 
 was a successful racer, and stood in North Carolina. We can- 
 not find this colt. 1st dam by Devonshire Blacklegs ; 2d dam 
 by True Blue ; 3d dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 4th 
 dam D'Arcy's Royal mare. 
 
 Whittingtox, ch. c, foaled 1743, by a brother to Whitenose, bred 
 by the Duke of Marlborough. There has been a doubt about 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED STALLIONS. 581 
 
 the true pedigree of this colt. We believe this to be the true 
 pedigree, being the only Whittington, and corresponding to 
 him. 1st dam by Stanyan's Arabian ; 2d dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb ; 3d dam by Marshall's Spot ; 4th dam by White- 
 legged Lowther Barb ; 5th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 WiLDAiR, b. c, foaled 1753, by Cade, bred by Mr. Swinburne, and 
 imported by James Delancey ; sold afterward and reshipped to 
 England, where he was let to mares at 40 guineas each. 1st dam 
 by Steady ; 2d dam by Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th 
 dam Chestnut Layton byMakeless; 5th dam by Counsellor; 
 Gth dam by Brimmer ; 7th dam by Place's White Turk. 
 
 William IV, b. c, foaled 1834, by Trauby, bred by Mr. Shard, and 
 imported into America. He stood at Cincinnati Pace Course, 
 Ohio, in 1839, at Geo. IST. Sanders & Go's. 1st dam Codicil by 
 Smolensko ; 2d dam Legacy by Beningbrough ; 3d dam Roxana 
 by Sir Peter Teazle ; 4th dam Tulip by Damper ; 5th dam by 
 Eclipse; 6th dam Parity by Matchem; 7th dam Snapdragon 
 by Snap ; 8th dam by Regulus ; 9th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; llth dam, dam of the two 
 True Blues. 
 
 Wonder (called Crippled Wonder), ch. c, foaled 1794, by Phosnom- 
 enon, bred by Lord Fitzwilliam, and imported in the fall of 
 1803 into Virginia. 1st dam by imp. Diomed ; 2d dam Desde- 
 mona by Marske ; 3d dam Young Hag by Skim ; 4tli dam by 
 Crab (Hag) ; 5th dam by Childers (Ebony) ; Gth dam Ebony 
 by Basto; 7th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black 
 Barb. 
 
 Wonder, b. c, foaled 1786, by Florizel, bred by Mr. Lacey. 1st 
 dam Sackarissa by Matchem ; 2d dam Aurora by Duke of 
 Northumberland's Golden Arabian ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4th dam 
 by Godolphin Arabian ; 5tli dam by Bald Galloway ; 6th dam 
 by Ancaster Turk. 
 
 Wrangler, b. c, foaled 1794, by imported Diomed, bred by Sir 
 Charles Bunbury ; imported into Virginia, 1802. 1st dam 
 Fleacatcher by Goldtinder ; 2d dam by Squirrel ; 3d dam by 
 Ball ; 4th dam by Lath ; 5th dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 
 Gth dam sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 7th dam sister to the 
 Mixbury Galloway by Curwen's Barb ; 8tli dam by Curwen's 
 Spot; 9th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb; 10th dam Old 
 Vintner mare. 
 
682 THE HOESE. 
 
 YoEKSHiRE, b. c, foaled 1834, by St. JSTicliolas, bred by Mr. Moss, 
 and imported by R D. Sbippard, of Jefferson county, Va. ; 
 afterward the proj;)erty of Hon. Henry Clay, and died the prop- 
 erty of his son, John M. Clay, of Ashland, near Lexington, Ky., 
 in 1859, age 37. 1st dam Miss Rose by T]-amp; 2d dam by 
 Sancho ; 3d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 4tli dam Wild- 
 goose (sister to Hyperion) by Highflyer ; 5th dam Coheiress by 
 Pot-8-o's; 6th dam Manilla by Goldfinder; 7th dam by Old 
 England ; 8th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 9th dam by Cade ; 10th 
 dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 11th dam by Part- 
 ner; 12th dam by Woodcock; 13th dam by Croft's Bay Barb ; 
 14th dam by Makeless; 15th dam by Brimmer; 16th dam by 
 Dicky Pierson; 17th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 YouiSTG Fazzoletto, a rich blood bay, with black legs, sixteen 
 hands high, bred and imported by A. Keene Eichards, Esq., of 
 Scott county, Ky. ; is by Fazzoletto, son of Orlando. 1st dam 
 Emilia by Young Emilius ; 2d dam Persian by Whisker ; 3d 
 dam "Variety by Selim ; 4th dam Sprite by Bobtail; 5th dam 
 Catharine by Woodpecker. Catharine was the dam of Go- 
 lumpus, the sire of Catton that sired Trustee, and Gallopade 
 the dam of Reel, the dam of Lecomte, Prioress and Starke ; 6th 
 dam Camilla by Trentham ; 7th dam Coquette by the Compton 
 Barb ; 8th dam sister to Regulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 9th 
 dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway ; 10th dam by Snake, 
 son of Lister Turk; 11th dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy; 
 12th dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare; 13th dam a Royal mare. 
 
 Young Flatcatcher, called in the English Stud Book Tlie Law- 
 yer, br. c, foaled 1856, bred by Mr. S. Cass ; purchased in 1860 
 by Mr. R. Wardle for Gen. S. R. Gist, South Carolina, By 
 Flatcatcher. 1st dam Miss Gilmour by Physician ; 2d dam by 
 Stamford ; 3d dam Lady of the Lake by Beningbrough ; 4th 
 dam Thatchella by Highflyer; 5th dam by Marske; 6th dam 
 by Regulus ; 7tli dam by Steady. 
 
 Y^'or^iTG Spot, ch. c, foaled , by Old Spot; imported by Mr. 
 
 Hyde, of Fredericksburgh, Va. We cannot find this colt. 1st 
 dam by Martindale's Regulus; 2d dam by Jigg; 3d dam by 
 Tom Jones ; 4th dam by Young Greyhound. 
 
 ZiNGANEE, b. c, foaled 1825, by Tramp, bred by Lord Exeter, and 
 imported by Messrs, Merritt into Virginia. Died fall 1841. 
 1st dam Folly by Young Drone; 2d dam Regina by Moorcock; 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 583 
 
 3d dam Eally by Trumpator ; 4th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) 
 by Florizel ; 5th dam by Spectator (sister to Juno) ; Gth dam 
 sister to Horatius by Blank ; 7th dam by Childers ; 8th dam 
 Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 9th dam by Paget Turk ; 
 10th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian; 11th dam by 
 Spanker. 
 ZiJ^GANEE or Peiam horse, b. c, foaled 183 G, bred by Lord Chester- 
 field; imported into New Orleans, and purchased by Eichard 
 Haile, Esq. By Zinganee or Priam. 1st dam Theresa Panza 
 by Cervantes ; 2d dam Gadabout by Oi ville ; 3d dam Minstrel 
 by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Matron by Florizel ; 5 th dam Maiden 
 by Matchem ; 6th dam by Squirt ; 7th dam by Mogul. 
 
 LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 
 
 AcTAEON" Maee, eh. f., foaled 1836, bred by King William IV; 
 imported into Indiana by Col. Oakley, 1840. By Actaeon. 1st 
 dam Ada (sister to Augusta) by Woful ; 2d dam by Rubens ; 
 3d dam Guildford mare by Guildford (son of Highflyer) ; 4th 
 dam Vulture's dam by Justice ; 5tli dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's ; 
 Gth dam Lady Bolinbroke by Squirrel ; 7th dam Herod's dam. 
 
 AcTEESS, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by His Majesty William IV ; im- 
 ported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By The Col- 
 onel. 1st dam Miss Clifton by Partizan ; 2d dam Isis by Sir 
 Peter; 3d dam Ibis by Woodpecker; 4th dam Isabella by 
 Eclipse ; 5th dam by Squirrel ; Gth dam Ancaster Nancy by 
 Blank ; 7th dam Phoebe by Tortoise ; 8th dam by Looby ; 9tli 
 dam by Partner, etc. 
 
 Adana, ch. f, foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Yates; imported by E. H. 
 Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Sultan. 1st dam Eachel by 
 Whalebone ; 2d dam Moses' dam by Gohanna ; 3d dam Grey 
 Skim by Woodpecker ; 4tli dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 5th 
 dam Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam 
 Ebony by Childers ; 8th dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 9th dam 
 Massey mare by Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Adela (The Colonel's Daughter), b. f., foaled 1839 ; imported by 
 L. J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By The Colonel : dam imp. Vari- 
 ella by Blacklock. (See imp. Variella.) 
 
584 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Adeiana, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Kidsdale ; imported into 
 South Carolina by Col. Singleton. By Mulatto. 1st dam Oc- 
 tavia by Walton ; 2d dam Marcia by Coriander ; 3d dam Faith 
 by Pacolet ; 4th dam Atalanta by Matchem ; 5th dam Lass of 
 the Mill by Oroonoko, etc. 
 
 Alakm, b. f., foaled 1820, bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported by 
 C. H. Hall, New York, 28th July, 1824. By Thunderbolt. 1st 
 dam Zadora by Trafalgar ; 2d dam Nike by Alexander ; 3d dam 
 Nimble by Florizel ; 4th dam Eantipole by Blank ; otli dam 
 sister to Careless by Eegulus; 6th dam Silvertail by Heneage's 
 Whitenose ; 7th dam by Eattle, etc., etc., etc. 
 
 Albertazzi (called Fuga) ch. f., bred by Mr. Petit ; imported by 
 E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., 1837. By Partizan. 
 1st dam Bravura by Outcry; 2d dam Prodigious by Caleb 
 Quotem ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Alexander ; 4th dam by Sir 
 Peter; 5th dam Maid of Ely by Tandem; 6th dam Harlot's 
 dam by Herod ; 7th dam by Young Cade. 
 
 Alexandria, f., foaled 1796, bred by Mr. Kidd; imported by Col. 
 John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va. By Alexander (son of 
 Eclipse). She cannot be found in Weatherby; the pedigree is 
 unquestionably correct. — S. D. B. 1st dam by Woodpecker ; 2d 
 dam by Phlegon ; 3d dam by Highflyer, Lord Egremont's High- 
 flyer mare. 
 
 Alfred Mare, ch. f., foaled 1767, bred by Mr. Curzon ; imported 
 by Col. Chas. Mayle, Norfolk, Va., before the Eevolution. By 
 Alfred. 1st dam by Cade ; 2d dam by Lister's Squirrel ; 3d 
 dam by Mixbury ; 4th dam by Terror ; 5th dam by Hutton's 
 Bay Barb ; 6th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Alfred Mare, ch. f., foaled about 1780; imported into Virginia 
 by Edward Carter, Esq. By Alfred (brother to Conductor and 
 Dictator), 1st dam by Squirt ; 2d dam by Crab. 
 
 Allegrante, b. f., bred and owned by Gov. Jas. Barbour, Virginia ; 
 presented to Hon. H. Clay. By imported Young Trufile. First 
 dam imported Phantomia by Phantom (which see). 
 
 Amanda, b. f., foaled 1828, bred by Duke of Grafton ; imported by 
 E. H. Boardman, Esq., near Huntsville, Alabama. By Morisco 
 (son of Muley). 1st dam Mantua by Woful ; 2d dam Miltonia 
 by Patriot ; 3d dam Miss Muston by King Fergus ; 4th dam 
 Columbine by Espersykes ; 5th dam by Babraham Blank ; 6th 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAKES. 585 
 
 dam Tipsy by Starling; 7tli.dam Switch by Lonsdale Arabian ; 
 8th dam by Cyprus Arabian ; 9th dam Crab's dam. 
 
 Amazoist, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Sir T. Stanley ; imported into 
 Alabama; ran in the name of D. Stephenson, Esq. By Bird- 
 catcher, 1st dam by Eubens ; 2d dam Hipped mare by Meteor ; 
 3d dam Petrowna by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Georgiana by Sweet- 
 briar ; 5th dam Capella by Herod ; 6tli dam Miss Cape by Eeg- 
 ulus ; 7th dam Eouth's Blackeyes by Crab ; 8th dam Warlock 
 Galloway by Snake. 
 
 Amazojst, b. f., foaled 1859, by King Tom, bred by Sir Kobert Peel ; 
 imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky 
 Importing Company. Property of M. T. Armant, Lexington, 
 Ky. 1st dam Buzz by MuleyMuloch; 2d dam Scandal by 
 Selim; 3d dam by Haphazard; 4th dam by Precipitate; 5th 
 dam Colibri by Wooclpecker ; 6th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 
 7th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 8th dam sister to 
 Piegulus by Godolplim Arabian ; 9th dam Grey Robinson by 
 the Bald Galloway; lOtli dam by Snake (sister to Country 
 Wench); 11th dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy; 12th dam Miss 
 D'Arcy's Pet mare ; 13th dam Sedbury Eoyal mare. 
 
 Amina, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Gardner ; imported by E. H. 
 Boardman, Esq., HuntsYille, Ala. By Gaberlunzie. 1st dam 
 Luna by Wanderer ; 2d dam by Canopus ; 3d dam by Teddy 
 the Grinder ; 4th dam by Precipitate ; 5th dam by Pumpkin ; 
 6th dam Flea Catcher by Goldfinder ; 7tli dam by Squirrel ; 8th 
 dam by Ball, etc. 
 
 AMrKATH Maee, ch. f., foaled 1842, bred by ; imported by 
 
 Messrs. Cammack & Co., New Orleans. By Amurath (son of 
 Langar). 1st dam by Champion; 2d dam by Cestrian ; 3d dam 
 Paulina by Orville; 4th dam by Shuttle; 5th dam Hopeful 
 by Sir Peter ; 6th dam Play or Pay's dam by Herod. 
 
 Amueath Maee, ch. f., foaled 1842, bred by ; imported by 
 
 Messrs. Cammack & Co., New Orleans, La. By Amurath. 1st 
 dam by Recovery (foaled 1836) ; 2d dam The Nun by Black- 
 lock; 3d dam by Whisker ; 4th dam by Orville ; 5th dam Otter- 
 ington's dam by Golnmpus; 6th dam by Expectation; 7th dam 
 Calabria by Spadille ; 8th dam Grog's dam by Alfred, etc. 
 
 Anna Maeia, ch. f , foaled 1829, bred by ; imported by 
 
 Gov. Jas. Barbour, with her dam Phantomia. By English 
 Truffle. (See imported Phantomia.) 1st dam Phantomia by 
 
586 THE HOESE. 
 
 Phantom; 2d. dam by Walton; 3d dam Allegranti by Pegasus; 
 4th dam Orange Squeezer by Highflyer ; 5th dam Mop Squeezer 
 by Matchem. 
 
 Antigua, b. f., foaled 1839; imported in her mother's belly by 
 Thos. Flintofi", Esq., Tennessee. By English Sheet Anchor: 
 dam imp. Titsey by Langar. (See imp. Titsey.) 
 
 Anvilika, b. £, foaled 1794 or '6, bred by Mr. 0. Kelly, and pre- 
 sented by him to Col. Tayloe, of Virginia. (Sold to Col. Alston, 
 S. C.) Died November, 1812. By Anvil. 1st dam Augusta 
 by Eclipse ; 2d dam Hardwicke's dam by Herod ; 3d dam by 
 Bajazet ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Lonsdale Arabian ; 
 6th dam by Bay Bolton ; 7th dam by Parley's Arabian. 
 
 ARABiAisr Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported by . 
 
 By Panton Arabian. 1st dam by the Godolphin Arabian ; 2d 
 dam by Snap ; 3d dam the Widdrington mare by Partner ; 4th 
 dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 5th dam by Greyhound ; 6th dam 
 by Makeless ; 7tli dam by Brimmer ; 8th dam by Place's White 
 Turk; 9th dam by Dodsworth; 10th dam Lay ton Barb mare. 
 
 Arkica, br. f., foaled 1862, bred by Capt. Skipworth ; imported into 
 Canada, 1868; covered by Lord Clifden. By Cheddington: 
 dam Tuteliua by The Cure ; 2d dam Telltale by The Nob ; 3d 
 dam Premature by Touchstone ; 4th dam Frederica by Moses ; 
 5th dam sister to Eomana by Gohanna ; 6th dam by Sir Peter ; 
 7th dam Nerissa by Volunteer ; 8th dam by Herod ; 9th dam 
 by Cygnet; 10th dam by Cartouch ; 11th dam Ebony by Chil- 
 ders ; 12tli dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 13th dam Massey mare 
 by his Black Barb. 
 
 Attractioi^, b. f., foaled 1861, bred by Mr. Johnstone ; imported 
 into Nova Scotia, 1865 ; covered by Diophantus. By New- 
 minster: dam Helen Faucit by.Telemachus; 2d dam Rebecca 
 by Lottery ; 3d dam by Cervantes ; 4th dam Anticipation by 
 Beningbrough. (For balance of pedigree see Polenta.) 
 
 Augustus Mare, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Sowerby; imported by 
 
 . By Augustus. 1st dam Toso by Eainbow ; 2d dam 
 
 Brown Duchess by Orville; 3d dam Sagana by Sorcerer; 4th 
 dam by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Gohanna's dam by Herod ; 6tli 
 dam Maiden by Matchem. 
 
 Aurelia, b. £, foaled 1794, bred by Mr. 0. Kelly. By Anvil: dam 
 Augusta by Eclipse. (See Anvehna.) 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 587 
 
 Au Eevoir, called Belle Boyd in England, ch. f., foaled 18G4, bred 
 by Mr. E. C. !N"aylor ; imported and owned by E. W. Cameron, 
 Esq, Clifton Stud Farm, Staten Island, N. Y. By Longbow. 
 1st dam Heroine by ISTeasbam ; 2d dam the Maid of Saragossa 
 by Jereed ; 3d dam (sister to Ainderby) by Velocipede ; 4tli dam 
 Kate by Catton ; 5th dam Miss Garforth by Walton ; 6th dam 
 by Hyacinthns ; T'th dam Zara by Delpini ; 8tli dam Flora by 
 King Fergus; 9th dam Atalauta by Matchem; lOtli dam Lass 
 of the Mill by Oroonoko; 11th dam sister to Clark's Lass of 
 the Mill by Old Traveler; 12th dam Miss Makeless by Young 
 Greyhound; 13th dam by Old Partner; 14tli dam (dam of 
 Lambton Miss Doe) by Woodcock; loth dam by Crofts' Bay 
 Barb; 16th dam (Desdemona's dam) by Makeless; 17th dam 
 by Brimmer ; 18th dam by Dicky Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 
 19th dam Burton Barb mare — stinted to Honiton (son of 
 Stockwell out of Flax) by Surplice. 
 
 Babeaham, f., foaled ; imported into the United States by 
 
 . By Babraham. 1st dam by Old Starling; 2d dam by 
 
 Bethell's Arabian ; 3d dam by Graham's Champion ; 4th dam hj 
 Darley's Arabian ; 5tli dam by Old Merlin. 
 
 Babta, b. f., bred by Sn- J. B. Mill, foaled 1858, by Kingston; im- 
 ported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. 1st dam Alice 
 Lowe by Defence ; 2d dam Pet by Gainsborough, dam of Pert, 
 Petulant and Passion ; 3d dam by Topsy-Turvy ; 4th dam 
 Agnes by Shuttle ; 5th dam by Highflyer ; 6th dam by Gold- 
 finder; 7th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel; 8th dam 
 Herod's dam Cjqn-on by Blaze ; 9th dam Selina by Bethell's 
 Arabian ; 10th dam by Graham's Champion ; 11th dam l^y 
 Darley's Arabian ; 12tli dam by ]\Ierlin. 
 
 Bajazet Mare, bred by Mr. Wildeman ; owned in L^nited States 
 by Abm. Barnes, Esq., Maryland. By Bajazet. 1st dam by 
 Babraham ; 2d dam by Sedbury ; 3d dam Ebony by Childers ; 
 4th dam Ebony by Basto ; 5th dam by Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Barbaeitt, b. f., foaled 1854, bred by Mr. Brashaw; imported 
 into United States in 1859; owned by F. Morris, Esq. By 
 Simoon. 1st dam by Buzzard ; 2d dam Donna Maria by Bar- 
 tizan ; 3d dam Donna Clara by Cesario ; 4th dam Nimble by 
 Florizel ; 5th dam Eantipole by Blank ; 6t]i dam Joan by Eeg- 
 ulus; 7th dam Silvertail by Heneage's Whitenose; 8th dam by 
 Eattle ; 9th dam by Darley's Arabian. 
 
588 THE HORSE. 
 
 Bashful, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Lord Oxford; imported by 
 
 . By St. Patrick. 1st dam Spavina by Orville ; 2d dam 
 
 Miraudola by Haphazard; 3d dam Allegretta by Trumpator; 
 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by 
 Trentham ; 6th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam 
 sister to Eegulas by Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Battledore Mare, ch. £, foaled 1835, bred by Sir T. Stanley; im- 
 ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Battledore. 
 1st dam Mima by General Miua ; 2d dam Maid of Lord by Cas- 
 trel ; 3d dam by Eichardson's Marske ; 4th dam by Eocking- 
 ham ; 5th dam Butterfly by Eclipse, etc. 
 
 Bat Maltoit Mare, foaled (it is said) in 1837, bred by 
 
 imported by J. Maxwell, South Carolina. By Bay Malton. 1st 
 dam by Whisker ; 2d dam I'm Sure He Shan't by Coriclauus ; 
 3d dam Warrior's dam by Young Marske ; 4th dam by Matcliem ; 
 5th dam by Tarquin ; Gth dam Antelope's sister by Young Bel- 
 grade. 
 
 Beautiful Star, ch. f., foaled 1865, bred by Mr. J. Watson; im- 
 ported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York, 1868. Covered by 
 Adamas by Weatherbit: dam Mrs. Dodds by Irish Birdcatcher; 
 2d dam Sophistry by Voltair ; 3d dam Wagtail by Whisker ; 
 4th dam by Sorcerer ; 5th dam by Sir Solomon ; 6th dam by 
 Young Marske ; 7tli dam Phoenomenon ; 8th dam Calliope by 
 Slouch ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 10th dam by 
 Traveler ; 11th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound. 
 Balance same as Fluke (which see). 
 
 Belzoni Eillt, ch. f., foaled 1837, in the United States ; owned by 
 E. H. Boardman, near Huntsville, Ala. By Belzoni (brother to 
 Belshazzar). Dam Amanda by Morisco. (See Amanda.) 
 
 Bernice, ch. f., foaled 1858, bred by Mr. I' Anson. By Stockwell. 
 Imported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York. 1st dam Braxey by 
 Moss Trooper ; 2d dam Queen Mary (dam of Balrownie, Bonnie 
 Scotland, Blooming Heather, Blink Bonny, etc., by Gladiator) ; 
 3d dam l)y Plenipotentiary ; 4th dam ]\Iyrrha by Whalebone ; 
 5th dam Gift by Young Gohanna ; 6th dam (sister to Grazier) 
 by Sir Peter ; 7th dam (sister to Aimator) by Trumpator ; 8th 
 dam (sister to Postmaster) by Herod ; 9th dam by Snap ; 10th 
 dam by Gower stallion; 11th dam by Childers — stinted to 
 Thormanby. 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MARES. 589 
 
 Berwickshiee Lass, cli. f., foaled 1818 ; owned by Benejah Gibb, 
 Montreal, Canada. By Competitor (last living son of Eng. 
 Eclipse). 1st dam by Star; 2d dam by Paymaster; 3d dam by 
 Le Sang; 4th dam by Eib; 5th dam (grandam of Eclipse) 
 Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 6th dam by Lord 
 D'Arcy's Old Montague ; 7th dam by Hautboy ; 8tli dam by 
 Brimmer. 
 
 Betty Blazella, by Eng. Blaze, dam Jenny Cameron (which 
 see); imported with her dam by Col. J. Tayloe, Sr., of Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 BiEDCATCHER Mare, foaled 1836, bred by Mr. C. Stanly ; imported 
 
 by . By Birdcatcher. 1st dam by Phantom ; 2d dam 
 
 Breeze by Soothsayer ; 3d dam Blowing by Buzzard ; 4th dam 
 Pot-8-o's; 5th dam Maid of All Work by Highflyer ; 6th dam 
 sister to Tandem by Syphon. 
 
 Birdcatcher Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Sir T. Stanley, by 
 Birdcatcher (by St. Patrick out of Pickpocket's dam) ; imported 
 into South Carolina by Messrs. Elliott, Condy & Daws. 1st 
 dam by Eubens ; 2d dam Hipped Mare by Meteor ; 3d dam 
 Petrowna by Sir Peter; 4th dam Georgiana by Sweetbriar; 
 5th dam Capella by Herod; 6th dam Miss Cape by Eegulus; 
 7th dam Blackeyes by Crab ; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by 
 Snake. 
 
 Black Bess, bl. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Beardsworth ; imported 
 by Thos. Alderson, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By Belzoni. 1st 
 dam Livonia bySmolensko; 2d dam Stella by L' Orient; 3d 
 dam by Euler ; 4th dam Magdalena by Highflyer ; 5th dam by 
 Matchem ; 6th dam sister to Dainty Davy by Old Traveler ; 7th 
 dam Slighted by all by Fox Cub; 8th dam Slighted by Jigg; 
 9th dam Matchem's grandam. 
 
 Blacklock Mare, , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Wliite ; imported 
 
 by A. D. Shepard, Esq., into Louisiana, owned by Messrs. Eou- 
 zan & Duplantier. By Young Blacklock. 1st dam Spermaceti 
 by Sligo Waxy ; 2d dam Miss Cogden by Phoenomenon ; 3d dam 
 Miss Cogden by Young Marske ; 4th dam Miss Cogden by Sil- 
 vio ; 5th dam Daphne by Eegulus, etc., etc. 
 
 Blossom, f , foaled ; imported by Gen. Thos. ^TsTelson, of York- 
 town, Va. By Old Sloe (son of Crab) ; dam by Eegulus. i31os- 
 som cannot be found in English Stud Book ; the pedigree is 
 doubtless correct. — S. D. B. 
 
590 THE HORSE. 
 
 BoLETAS, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. J. Day; imported into 
 Virginia by W. B. Stott, Esq., Petersburgli. By Fungns. 1st 
 dam Zelinda by Eubens; 2d dam Zuleika by Gohanna; 3d 
 dam Trinidada by Young Woodpecker ; 4tli dam Platina by 
 Mercury ; 5th dam by Herod ; 6th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 
 7th dam Hag by Crab ; 8th dam El)ony by Cliilders ; 9th dam 
 Old Ebony sister to Brown Betty by Basto. 
 
 BoNKY Lass, b. f., foaled 1723, bred by Duke of Bolton; imported 
 
 by . By Bay Bolton. 1st dam Darlcy Arabian ; 2d 
 
 dam by Byerly Turk ; 3d dam by Taffolet Barb ; 4th dam by 
 Place's White Turk ; 5tli dam Natural Barl) mare. The mare 
 does not again appear in the English Stud Book, and must 
 have been imported when 17 or 18 years old. She produced in 
 United States Young Bonny Lass by imported Jolly Roger. 
 Another report makes her by Blank. This is the true pedi- 
 gree. 1st dam Bonny Lass by Snip; 2d dam by Lath; 3d dam 
 (Shock's dam) by Snake ; 4th dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy ; 5tli 
 • dam Miss D'Arcy's Pet mare; Cth dam a Sedbury Royal mare. 
 
 Brilliant Mare, bred in England ; imported into Virginia by Mr. 
 Eenwick. Cannot be identified in English Stud Book. By 
 Brilliant. 1st dam by Tartar; 2d dam by Devonshire Childers ; 
 3d dam Bushy Molly by eh. Litton Arabian ; 4th dam Farmer 
 Mane by White Barb Chillaby's King William's ; 5th dam by 
 Byerly Turk ; Cth dam by Spanker. 
 
 Britanjs'IA, b. f., foaled 1800, in A^irginia, bred and owned by Col. 
 Tayloe, Virginia. By Pegasus, in England. Eirst dam im- 
 ported Peggy by Trumpator. (See Peggy.) 
 
 BRiTAiTisriA, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Nowell ; imported and 
 run with success by Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss. By 
 Muley. 1st dam Nancy (the dam of Muley Moloch) by Dick 
 Andrews; 2d dam Spitfire by Benningbrough ; 3d dam by 
 Young Sir Peter (son of Doge) ; 4th dam by Engineer ; 5tli 
 dam by Wilson's Arabian ; 6tli dam by Button's Spot. 
 
 Britankia, b. f , foaled 1836, bred by King William IV ; imported 
 by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina; owned by Messrs. 
 Irby and Fair. By Acta3on. 1st dam Scandal by Selim ; 2d 
 dam by Haphazard ; 3d dam by Precipitate ; 4th dam Colebri 
 by Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; Cth dam 
 Coquette by the Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Regulus by 
 the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 591 
 
 BEiTAjsrmA 4th, br., foaled 1859; imported by Kentucky Im- 
 porting Company. By Flying Dutcbman. (Flying Dutch- 
 man by Bay Middleton ; dam Barbelle, by Sandbeck. Bred l)y 
 John Osborne, at Leyburn, Yorkshire.) Owned by E. A. Alex- 
 ander, Kentucky. 1st dam Barbata by the Bard: 2d dam 
 Vitula by Voltaire ; 3d dam by Lottery ; 4th dam "Wagtail l)y 
 Prime Minister ; 5tli dam by Orville ; 6tli dam Miss Grimstone 
 by Weasel; 7tli dam by Ancaster; 8th dam by Damascus 
 Arabian ; 9th dam by Sampson; lOtli dam by Oroonoko ; 11th 
 dam Sophia (sister to Mirza) by Godolphin Arabian; 12th dam 
 by Hobgoblin; 13th dam by Whitefoot; 14th dam Leeds; 15th 
 dam Moonah (Barb mare). 
 
 Beitannia, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Mr. Beardsworth ; imported 
 by W. Wallace Cook, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa. By Lottery. 1st 
 dam Novice by Young Filho-da-Puta ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d 
 dam Two Shoes by Asparagus ; 4tli dam by Mercury ; 5th dam 
 by Highflyer ; 6th dam l)y Snap ; 7th dam Miss Middleton by 
 Eegulus; 8th dam Camilla by son of Bay Bolton; 9th dam 
 by Bartlett's Childers; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian; 
 11th dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 BusiEis Maee, foaled , bred by ; imported 1790, and 
 
 owned by Oen. John McPherson, South Carolina. By Busiris. 
 1st dam by Bajazet ; 2d dam by The King of England's Barb ; 
 3d dam by Hampton Court Childers ; 4tli dam by the Chestnut 
 Arabian. 
 
 BtJSTAED Maee, b. f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Nowell; imported 
 into Canada by H. P. Simmons, Esq., Ancaster, IT. C. By 
 Bustard. 1st dam Bequest by Election ; 2d dam Legacy by 
 Benningbrough ; 3d dam Eoxana by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Tulip 
 by Damper ; 5th dam l3y Eclipse ; 6th dam Earity by Matchem ; 
 7th dam Snapdragon by Snap ; 8th dam by Eegulus; 9th dam 
 by Bartlett's Childers ; 10th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 
 11th dam of the True Blues. 
 
 Bustle, f., foaled 1827, bred by Lord Egremont; imported by Dr. 
 A, T. B. Merritt, Virginia, 1836, in foal to English Glaucus. 
 By Whalebone. 1st dam The Odd Trick by Quiz ; 2d dam 
 Grey Duchess by Pot-8-o's ; 3d dam Duchess by Herod ; 4th 
 dam Gaudy by Blank ; 5th dam Blossom by Crab ; 6th dam 
 by Cliilders ; 7th dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham. 
 
692 THE HOESE. 
 
 Caieis'-goem, b. £, foaled 1859, by Cotherstone; bred by Eai-l 
 Spencer, and imported by Kentucky Importing Company. 
 Cotherstone by Touchstone, dam Emma by Whisker. Owned 
 by E. A. Alexander, Esq. 1st dam Glenluce (Harlestone's dam) 
 by Slane ; 3d dam Glencairne (sister to Glencoe) by Sultan ; 
 3d dam Trampoline by Tramp ; 4th dam Web by Waxy ; 5th 
 dam Penelope by Trurapator; Gth dam Prunella by Highflyer; 
 7tli dam Promise by Snap ; 8th dam Julia by Blank ; 9th dam 
 Spectator's dam by Partner; lOtli dam Bonny Lass by Bay 
 Bolton ; lltli dam by Barley's Arabian ; 12th dam by Byerly 
 Turk; 13th dam by Taffolet Barb; 14th dam by Place's White 
 Turk; 15th dam a natural Barb mare. 
 
 Caledonia Beander, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by ; imported 
 
 into Virginia by W. H. E. Merritt, Esq. by Longwaiste, dam 
 by Orville. She ran in America. 
 
 Calista Bted's, b. f., foaled 1765, bred by Mr. Grieswood ; im- 
 ported by Col. Byrd, of Westover county, Va. By Forester. 
 1st dam by Crab ; 2d dam by Hobgoblin ; 3d dam Bajazet by 
 Whitefoot ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam Moonah Barb mare. 
 
 Camelita, br. f., bred by Mr. Nowell, foaled 1834; imported by 
 the Messrs. Corbin, of Virginia. By Bustard. 1st dam Cam- 
 elina (sister to Camel) by Whalebone ; 2d dam by Selim ; 3d 
 dam Maiden by Sir Peter ; 4th dam by Phoenomenon ; 5th dam 
 Matron by Florizel ; 6th dam Maiden by Matchem ; 7th dam 
 by Squirt ; 8th dam Lot by Mogul ; 9th dam Camilla by Bay 
 Bolton, etc. 
 
 Camel Maee, br. f., foaled 1835, bred by King William IV ; im- 
 ported. By Camel. 1st dam Codicil by Smolensko ; 2d dam 
 Legacy by Benningbrough ; 3d dam Koxana by Sir Peter 
 Teazle ; 4th dam Tulip by Damper ; 5th dam by Eclipse ; Gth 
 dam Parity by Matchem, etc. 
 
 Camel Maee, br. f., foaled 1837, bred by E. H. Boardman, Esq., 
 near Huntsville, Ala. By Camel (in England) ; dam Miranda 
 by Woful. (See Miranda). 
 
 Camilla, b. f, foaled 1864, bred by Baron Rothschild; imported 
 by Mr. A. Belmont. By Kmg Tom. 1st dam Agnes by Pan- 
 taloon; 2d dam Black Agnes by Velocipede; 3d dam by 
 Walton; 4th dam Young Noisette byDiomed; 5th dam Noi- 
 sette by Squirrel ; 6th dam Carina by Marske ; 7tli dam by 
 Blank ; 8th dam Ancaster Dizzy by Driver ; 9th dam by Fmil- 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 593 
 
 ing Tom; lOtli dam by Oysterfoot; lltli clam by Merlin; 12th 
 dam by Commoner ; 13th dam Coppin mare. Stinted to North 
 Lincohi. 
 
 Capeice, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Nowell ; imported by 
 Messrs. Corbin, of Virginia. By Mnley. 1st dam Young 
 Caprice by Waxy ; 2d dam Caprice by Walton ; 3d dam Vanity 
 by Buzzard ; 4tli dam Dabchick by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Drab 
 by Highflyer ; 6th dam Hebe by Chrysolite ; 7th dam Proser- 
 pine sister to Eclipse by Marske. 
 
 Casemate, ch. f, bred by Mr. Samuel Smith, foaled 18G0; im- 
 ported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Chatham. 1st 
 dam Photograph by Woodpigeon (dam of Eanee Agneta and 
 Robert Macaire) ; 2d dam Camera Obscura (dam of Lens, Cali- 
 ban, Nutjobber and Ombra) by Elis; 3d dam Diversity by 
 Muley ; 4th dam Johanna Southcote by Benningbrough (dam 
 of Vicissitude) ; 5th dam Lavinia by Pipator ; Gtli dam by 
 Highflyer (dam of Dick and Jack Andrews) ; 7th dam Cardinal 
 Puflf ; 8th dam Tatler ; 9tli dam Snip ; 10th dam Godolphin 
 Arabian; 11th dam Frampton's Whiteneck; 12th dam Pelham 
 Barb. (In foal to Claret.) 
 
 Cassandra, b. £, foaled 1754, bred by Lord Portmore ; imported 
 into Virginia by Col. John Baylor, it is believed. By White- 
 nose. Isfc dam Blackleg's mare by Devonshire Blacklegs; 2d 
 dam, dam of Humbertson's Stump by the Holderness Turk; 
 3d dam by Snake ; 4tli dam by Diamond. 
 
 Castianiea, br. f., bred by Mr. Popham, foaled 1796; imported 
 and owned by Col. John Taylor. By Rockingham. 1st dam 
 Tabitha by Trentham ; 2d dam by Bosphorus ; 3d dam sister 
 to Grecian Princess by Forester ; 4th dam by Coalition Colt ; 
 oth dam by Bustard ; 6th dam Ld. Leigh's Charming Molly by 
 Second ; 7th dam Hanger's br. mare by Stauyan Arabian ; 8th 
 dam Gipsey l^y King William's No-tongued Barb ; 9th dam by 
 Makeless; 10th dam by Royal mare. 
 
 CATALAifi, bl. f, foaled 1838, bred by Mr. R. Kitching; imported 
 by D. D. Campbell, Esq., New York. By Muley Moloch. 1st 
 dam Catalan! by Tiger ; 2d dam Wilna by Smolensko ; 3d dam 
 Morgiana by Coriander ; 4th dam Fairy by Highflyer ; 5th dam 
 Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 6th dam Routh's Blackeyes by 
 Crab ; 7th dam Warlock GalloAvay by Snake, etc. 
 Vol. L— 38 
 
594 THE HOESE. 
 
 Catchflt, bl. f., foaled 1850, bred by Major Yarbrough ; imported 
 into United States in 1857. By Picaroon. Dam Brandy Snap 
 by Muley Moloch. (See Lucious.) 
 
 Cattoi^ Mare, f., foaled 1818, bred by Mr. Milner ; sent to United 
 States 1832 ; covered by Waverly. By Catton. 1st dam Hannah 
 by Sorcerer ; 2d dam Amelia by Highflyer ; 3d dam Miss Tunis 
 by Matchem ; 4tli dam by Squirt ; 5 th dam Lot's dam by 
 Mogul ; Gth dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 7th dam Old Lady 
 by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 8th dam by Eockwood ; 9th 
 dam by Bustler. 
 
 CATTOisr Mare, ch. f., foaled 1821, bred by Mr. Moss ; imported by 
 E. D. Shepherd, Virginia; covered by Columbus. By Catton. 
 1st dam Kilnocky's dam by Sancho ; 2d dam Blacklock's dam 
 by Coriander; 3d dam Wildgoose by Highflyer; 4th dam 
 Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th 
 dam Mr. Goodricke's Old England mare by Old England. 
 
 OATTOisr Mare, foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Humphries; imported by 
 Ad. Sir Isaac CofSn, Bart., into Boston, Mass. By Catton. 
 1st dam Miss Haworth by Spadille; 2d dam by Clayhall 
 Marske; 3d dam by Herod; 4th dam by Goldfinder; 5th dam 
 by Compton Barb ; 6th dam Vanessa by Eegulus ; 7th dam by 
 Fox ; 8th dam by Bloody Shouldered Arabian ; 9th dam by 
 Basset Arabian ; 10th dam Arabian mare. 
 
 Catton Mare, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Lord Scarl^orough ; im- 
 ported by J. L. Lewis, New Orleans, La. ; in foal to Voltair. 
 By Catton. 1st dam Melrose by Pilgarlic; 2d dam by Whisker; 
 3d dam by Orville; 4tli dam Otterington's dam by Expectation; 
 5th dam Calabria by Spadille ; Gth dam Grog's dam by Alfred ; 
 7th dam by Locust ; 8tli dam by Changeling ; 9tli dam by 
 Cade, etc., etc. 
 
 Centaur Mare, b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Mr. J. Shelly ; imported 
 in 1831 and lost on the passage. By Centaur. 1st dam hj 
 Sorcerer ; 2d dam Tawny by Mentor ; 3d dam Jemima by Sat- 
 ellite ; 4th dam Waxy's dam by Herod. 
 
 Champion Mare, ch. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. James Lea ; im- 
 ported by Messrs. Cammack & Co. into New Orleans, La., No- 
 vember, 1842. Sold to Gen. J. L. Lewis and Charles Clai- 
 bourne. By Champion (son of Selim). 1st dam by Cestrian ; 
 2d dam Paulina by Orville ; 3d dam by Shuttle ; 4th dam by 
 Sir Peter ; 5th dam by Herod. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 595 
 
 CnAKCE, cli. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Marson; imported by 
 E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huutsville, Ala. By Patron (sou of 
 Partizan). 1st dam Ramona by Whisker ; 2d dam Lady Cram- 
 feazer by Stamford; od dam Miss Barnet by Waxy; 4tli dam by 
 Woodpecker; 5tli dam Hcinel by Squirrel ; 6tli dam Principessa 
 by Blank; 7th dam by the C alien Arabian; 8th dam Gries- 
 wood's Lady Thigh by Partner. 
 
 Chahce Mare, b. f., foaled 1812, bred by Mr. Dnncombe; im- 
 ported into Virginia. Owned by Messrs. W. H. E. and Dr. A. T. 
 B. Merritt, Hicksford, Ya. By Chance. 1st dam Jemima by 
 Phoenomenon; 2.d dam Eyebright by Matchem; 3d dam by 
 Snap ; 4th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 5tli dam Lady Thigh by 
 Crofts' Partner ; 6th dam by Greyhound ; 7t]i dam Sophonisba's 
 dam byCurwen Bay Barb; 8th dam by Lord D'Arcy's chestnut 
 Arabian; 9th dam Whiteshirt; 10th dam Old Montague mare. 
 
 Charlotte, b. f , foaled about 1792, bred by Mr. Hardy ; imported 
 by Mr. Harford. By Snap (son of Old Snap). 1st dam by 
 Lightfoot (son of Old Cade) ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by 
 Old Cade ; 4th dam by Partner. 
 
 Chateau, b. f , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Tattersall ; imported into 
 South Carolina by Col. R. Singleton, who trained and ran her 
 with some success. By Chateau Margaux. 1st dam Cuirass by 
 Oiseau ; 2d dam Castanea by Gohanna; 3d dam Grey Skim by 
 Woodpecker; 4th dam by Herod; 5th dam Young Hag by 
 Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers ; 
 8th dam Ebony by Basto. 
 
 Cheap, b. f., foaled 1838, bred by Capt. G. Bulkely; imported 
 by Col. Singleton, South Carolina. By Glaucus. 1st dam 
 Christobel by Woful ; 2d dam Harriet by Pericles; 3d dam by 
 Selim; 4th dam Pipylina by Sir Peter; 5th dam Pally by 
 Trumpator ; 6th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) by Florizel ; 
 7tli dam by Spectator ; 8th dam by Blank ; 9tli dam by Chil- 
 ders; 10th dam Miss Bel voir by Grey Grantham. 
 
 Childers Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported into Vir- 
 ginia, 1748, by Geo. McNaught. By Bartlett's Childers. 1st 
 dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk; 3d dam 
 by Taffolet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk. 
 
 CiciLY JopsOi^j", see Weatherbit Mare, p. 652. 
 Cinderella, br. f, foaled 1801, bred by Mr. Harris; imported by 
 Gen. McPherson, South Carolina. By Sir Peter. 1st dam 
 
596 THE nOESE. 
 
 Vivaldi by Mercury; 2d dam Cytlierea by Herod; 3d dam 
 Lilly by Blank ; 4th dam Peggy by Cade; 5th dam sister to the 
 Widdrington mare by Crofts' Partner ; Gth dam Bay Bloody 
 Buttocks by Bloody Buttocks ; 7th dam by Greyhound; 81 h 
 dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; 10th dam by Place's 
 White Turk; 11th dam byDodsworth; 12th dam by Layton 
 Barl3 mare. 
 
 Cinderella, br. t, foaled 1803, bred by ; imported and 
 
 oAvned by Gen. McPherson, South Carolina. By Sir Peter 
 Teazle. 1st dam by Woodj^ecker ; 2d dam by Sweetbriar ; 3d 
 dam by Buzzard's dam Misfortune by Dux ; 4th dam Curiosity 
 by Snap ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; Gth dam by Bartlett's Chil- 
 ders ; 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam True Blues. 
 
 Cliftok Lass, b. f., foaled 1859, by The Cure, bred by John Os- 
 borne, Leyburn, Yorkshire; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dudley 
 & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. The 
 property of E. A. Alexander, Woodford county, Ky. 1st dam 
 Maid of Clifton by Touchstone ; 2d dam Barba by Lanercost ; 
 3d dam Cora by Belshazzar ; 4th dam Fanchon (sister to Lap- 
 dog) by Whalebone; 5tli dam by Canopus; Gth dam by Young 
 Woodpecker; 7th dam Fractious by Mercury; 8th dam by 
 Woodpecker ; 9th dam Everlasting (Skyscraper dam) by Eclipse ; 
 10th dam Hyasna by Snap ; lltli dam Miss Bclsea by Eegu- 
 lus ; 12th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 13th dam by Honewood's 
 Arabian ; 14th dam Byerly mare, dam of the tvi^o True Blues. 
 
 Clink, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Allen ; imported by James 
 Jackson, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Humphrey Clinker. 1st 
 dam Lady Newton by Oiseau ; 2d dam by Haphazard ; 3d dam 
 by Stamford ; 4th dam Alexina by King Fergus ; 5th dam 
 Lardella by Young Marske ; Gth dam by Cade ; 7th dam of 
 Beaufremont by brother to Fearnought ; 8th dam Miss Wind- 
 ham by Windhxam ; 9th dam by Belgrade Turk ; 10th dam Old 
 Scarborough mare by Makeless; 11th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 CoLrMBiNE, gr. f., foaled 1766, bred by Duke of Cumberland; im- 
 ported into Mar3'land, 1769. By Sclim. Her pedigree cannot 
 be found in the English Stud Book. 1st dam Young Ebony 
 by Crab ; 2d dam Ebony by Childers ; 3d dam Old Ebony by 
 Basto ; 4th dam Massey by Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Comfort, b. £, foaled 1851, bred by Mr. J. Willington ; imported 
 by Quincy A. Shaw, Esq., Boston, Mass., 1857. Covered ^y 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 597 
 
 West Australian. By Irish Birdcatcher. 1st dam All's Well 
 by Eecovery ; 2d dam Manes by Spectre ; 3d dam Calendnlae 
 by Camerton; 4tli dam Snowdrop by Highland Fling; 5th 
 dam Daisy by Buzzard ; 6th dam Tulip by Damper ; 7th dam 
 by Eclipse ; 8th dam Earity by Matchem ; 9th dam Snapdragon 
 by Snap ; 10th dam by Eegulus ; 11th dam by Bartlett's Chil- 
 ders ; 12th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 13th dam, dam of 
 the two True Blues. 
 
 CoMUS Mare, br. f., foaled 1832, bred by Lord Fitzwilliam ; sent 
 to America. By Comus. 1st dam Eeposada by Amadis ; 2d 
 dam Orvillina by Benningbrough ; 3d dam Evehna by High- 
 flyer ; 4th dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 5tli dam by Samp- 
 son ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam Marske's dam. 
 
 Confederate Mare, bl. £, foaled 1831, bred by Lord Fitzwilliam ; 
 imported into South Carolina 1834 or 1835. By Confederate. 
 1st dam Clinkerina by Clinker ; 2d dam Pewet by Tandem ; 3d 
 dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 4th dam Cantatrice by Samp- 
 son ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam Marske's dam by Black- 
 legs ; 7th dam by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Fox Cub ; 9th dam 
 by Coney skins ; 10th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 11th dam 
 by Hutton's Eoyal colt ; 12th dam by Byerly Turk ; 13th dam 
 by Bustler. 
 
 Cora, ch. f., foaled 1842, bred by Mr. James Lea; imported by 
 Messrs. Cammack & Co. to New Orleans, November, 1842. 
 Owned by A. Lecomte & Co., Louisiana. By Muley Molocli. 
 1st dam Champion mare by Champion ; 2d dam by Cestrian ; 
 3d dam Paulina by Orville. (See Champion mare.) 
 
 Corikthiajt Mare, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. G. Clark ; im- 
 ported 1837, by E. S. Fay, Esq., Boston, Mass. By Corinthian. 
 1st dam by Catton ; 2d dam Dulcinea by Cervantes ; 3d dam 
 Eegina by Moorecock ; 4th dam Eally by Trumpator ; 5th dam 
 Fancy (sister to Diomed) by Florizel ; 6th dam by Spectator ; 
 7th dam by Blank ; 8th dam by Childers ; 9th dam Miss Bel- 
 voir by Grey Grantham ; 10th dam by Paget Turk ; 11th dam 
 Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian ; 12th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Cottager Mare, f, foaled , bred by ; imported by 
 
 H. N. Cruger, Esq., Virginia. By Cottager. This pedigree is 
 given as represented. Cannot be found in English Stud Book, 
 though doubtless correct.— S. D. B. 1st dam by Telemachus 
 (son of Herod) ; 2d dam by Trentham ; 3d dam by Heuricus ; 
 4th dam by Eegulus. 
 
598 THE HORSE. 
 
 Cub Maee, Delancy's mare, foaled in 17G2, bred by Mr. Leedes ; 
 imported by Col. Delaucy, of New York. By Cub. This Avas 
 one of the most valuable mares ever imported to this country, 
 nearly all of the best horses in America tracing to her either on 
 the dam or sire's side. Among the most noted are Eatler, 
 Childers, Sumpter, Fhrtilk, Ivanhoe, Polly Hopkins, Hiazim, 
 Inaugural, etc., etc. The grandam of the celebrated Lexington 
 is by Sumpter. 1st dam Amaranthus dam by Second ; 2d dam 
 by Starling (dam of Leedes' Flash Fop) ; 3d dam sister to Vane's 
 Little Partner by Croft's Partner; 4th dam sister to Guy by 
 Greyhound ; 5th dam Brown Farewell by Makeless ; 6th dam 
 by Brimmer; 7th dam by Place's White Turk; 8th dam by 
 Dodsworth ; 9th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Cub Mare, gr. f, foaled 17C1, bred by Mr. Hodgson; imported by 
 Henry Mitchell, Esq., Virginia, 1765. By Cub. She caunot 
 be identified in English Stud Book. 1st dam by Torrismond ; 
 2d dam by Second ; 3d dam by Mogul ; 4th dam by Sweep- 
 stakes ; 5th dam by Bay Bolton ; 6th dam by Curwen's Bay 
 Barb; 7th dam by Curwen's Old Spot; 8th dam by White- 
 legged Lowther Barb. 
 
 Cullen Arabiaist Mare, foaled , bred by ; owned by 
 
 William Maxwell, Esq., Virginia. By the Cullen Arabian. 1st 
 dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk ; 3d dam 
 by Tafiblet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 5th dam 
 Natural Barb mai'e. 
 
 Cullen Arabian Mare Duchess (called also Diamond), f., 
 foaled 174-, bred by Duke of Cumberland; imported into 
 South Carolina before the Eevolution. By Cullen Arabian. 
 1st dam Grieswood's Lady Thigh by Crofts' Partner; 2d dam 
 l)y Greyhound; 3d dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen Bay 
 Barb; 4th dam D'Arcy's chestnut Arabian ; 5th dam by White- 
 shirt; 6 th dam Montagu mare. 
 
 Delight, b. f , foaled 1828, bred by Mr. Sadler ; miported by E. H. 
 Boardman, near Huntsville, Ala., 1835. Winner in England. 
 By Eeveler; dam Defiance (dam of Design) by Eubens. (See 
 Design.) 
 
 Delphine, br. f, foaled 1825, In-ed by Mr. Petre; imported by Col. 
 Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. By Whisker. 1st dam 
 My LadybyComus; 2d dam The Colonel's dam byDelpini; 
 3d dam Tipple Cider by King Fergus; 4th dam Silvia by 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAKES. 599 
 
 Young Marske ; 5tli dam Ferret by brother to Silvio ; 6th dam 
 by Eegnliis ; 7th dam by Lord Moreton's Arabian ; 8th dam by 
 Mixbury ; 9th dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 10th dam by Bay Bol- 
 ton; 11th dam by Coneyskins; 12th dam Hutton's Grey Barb; 
 13t]i dam by Byerly Turk ; 14th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Design", ch. f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Sadler ; imported by E. H. 
 Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., 1835. She was a good racer 
 in England. By Tramp. 1st dam Defiance by Eubens ; 2d 
 dam Little Folly by Highland Eling ; 3d dam Harriet by Vol- 
 unteer ; 4th dam by Alfred ; 5tli dam Magnolia by Marske ; 
 6th dam by Babraham ; 7th dam by Sedl3ury ; 8tli dam Ebony 
 by Childers, etc. 
 
 DiAisr, b. f, foaled 1785, bred by Lord Cavendish; imported by 
 into Virginia. By Eclipse. 1st dam Diana by Shakes- 
 peare ; 2d dam by Bajazet ; 3d dam by Lonsdale Bay Arabian ; 
 4th dam by Bay Bolton; 5th dam by Darley's Arabian; 6th 
 dam by Byerly Turk; 7tli dam by Tafiblet Barl); 8tli dam by 
 Place's White Turk ; 9th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Diana, b. m., foaled 1828, bred by Mr. Gascoigne; imported by 
 Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. (Li foal to Eng. Dr. Syn- 
 tax.) By Catton. 1st dam Trulla by Sorcerer; 2d dam by 
 Weathercock ; od dam Cora by Matchem ; 4th dam by Turk ; 
 5th dam by Cub ; 6tli dam by Allworthy ; 7th dam by Starling; 
 8th dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 9tli dam by Greyhound; 10th 
 dam Brocklesby Betty. 
 
 DiA]srA Syntax, b. f., foaled 1838 ; imported in her mother's belly 
 by Com. Stockton, New Jersey. By Eng. Dr. Syntax : dam 
 imp. Diana by Catton. (See imp. Diana.) 
 
 DiOMEDA, f , by Diomed in England. Imported by Col. J. Hoomes, 
 Virginia; died, leaving no produce. 
 
 Don Cossack Mare, £, foaled 1819, bred l^y Mr, Villiers ; imported 
 by M. M. Eawlings, Esq. By Don Cossack. The Don Cossack 
 mare died on the passage, or soon after landing. — S. D. B. 1st 
 dam by Sorcerer ; 2d dam by Justice ; 3d dam Parsley by 
 Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 5th dam by 
 Cypron, King Herod's dam by Blaze; 6th dam Sehma by 
 Bethel's Arabian ; 7th dam by Graham's Champion ; 8th dam 
 by Darley's Arabian ; 9th dam by Merlin. 
 
 DoRiMANT Mare, b. f, foaled 1788, bred by Lord Ossory ; imported 
 into America by . By Dorimant. 1st dam Muse by 
 
600 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Herod ; 2d dam by Shepherd's Crab ; 3d dam Miss Meredith by 
 Cade ; 4th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 5th dam Flying Whig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; Gth 
 dam by St. Victor Barb ; 7th dam by Why-not (son of Fenwick 
 Barb) ; 8th dam Eoyal mare. 
 Doris, ch. f., foaled 1834, bred by Lord Stradbroke ; imported by 
 A. J. Davie, Esq., North Carolina. By The Colonel. 1st dam 
 Arethissa by Quiz ; 2d dam Persepohs by Alexander ; 3d dam 
 sister to Tickle Toby by Alfred ; 4th dam Caelia by Herod ; 5th 
 dam Proserpine (sister to Eclipse) by Marske ; 6th dam Spi- 
 letta by Kegiilus, etc., etc. 
 
 Duchess, br. f., foaled 1801, bred by Duke of Grafton ; imported 
 by Hon. John Eandolph, Esq., Eoauoke, Va. By Grouse (son 
 of Highflyer). 1st dam by Magnet; 2d dam sister to Johnny 
 by Matchem ; 3d dam Bay Babraham by Babraham ; 4th dam 
 by Partner ; 5tli dam Grey Brocklesby by Bloody Buttocks ; 
 6th dam Brocklesby by Greyhound ; 7th dam Brocklesby Betty 
 by Curwen's Bay Barb; 8th dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by 
 the Lister Turk. 
 
 Duchess of York, ch. f., foaled 1821, bred by Mr. Moss; imported 
 by E. D. Shepherd, Virginia, after 1835. By Catton. 1st dam 
 by Sanclio ; 2d clam Blacklock's dam by Coriander; 3d dam 
 Wildgoose by Highflyer ; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ; 5th 
 dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Mr. Goodricke's Old Eng- 
 land mare. 
 
 Easterist Star, b. f., foaled 1868, by Cape Flyaway, bred by the 
 late Lord Derby ; imported by A. Belmont, Esq., in 1870. 1st 
 dam Star of India by Longbow; 2d dam Eanee by John 
 O'Gaunt ; 3d dam Meanee by Touchstone ; 4th dam Ghuznee 
 by Pantaloon ; 5th dam Languish (sister to Languid) by Cain ; 
 6th dam Lydia by Poulton ; 7th dam Variety by Hyacinthus ; 
 
 8th dam sister to Swordsman by Weasel ; 9th dam by 
 
 Turk; 10th dam by Changehng; 11th dam by 
 
 Cade (Maral)rino's dam) ; 12th dam by the Bolton Little 
 
 John ; 13th dam Mr. Durham's Favorite by a son of the Bald 
 Galloway ; 14th dam (the dam of Lord Portmore's Dafi'odil) by 
 a foreign horse of Sir T. Gascoigne's. 
 
 Ebony, or Young Ebony, foaled about 1766, bred by His Eoyal 
 Highness the Duke of Cumberland; imported by Jonathan 
 Plowman, Esq., into Maryland, 1762, in foal to Cato, son of 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAKES. fiOl 
 
 Eegulus. She cannot be traced in English Stud Book. — S. D. B. 
 By H. K. H. Duke of Cumberland's Grey Arabian (called Mu- 
 ley). 1st dam by Old Crab ; 2d dam by Devonshire Childers ; 
 3d dam by Basto ; 4th dam by Duke of Eutland's Black Barb 
 out of the Massey mare. 
 
 Eleais'OE, br. f., bred by Mr. J. Newton^ foaled 1856 ; imported by 
 E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Voltigeur. 1st dam 
 Themis (dam of Trueloye, Nester and Sedbury) by Touchstone ; 
 2d dam Eectitude (dam of Lais, Dr. Cains, Chivalry and Aris- 
 tides) by Lottery; 3d dam Decision (dam of Brown Stout 
 XXX and Silvio) by Magistrate ; 4th dam Eemembrance (dam 
 of Baron Bowes and Princess) by Sir Soloman ; 5th dam Queen 
 Mab (sister to Mercury) by Eclipse ; Gth dam by Tartar ; 7th 
 dam by Mogul ; 8th dam by Sweepstakes ; 9th dam sister to 
 Sloven by Bay Bolton; 10th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 11th 
 dam by Spot ; 12th dam by White-legged Lowther Barb ; 13tli 
 dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Eliza (sister to Defiance), b. f., foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Sadler; 
 imported by Thomas Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Eubens. 
 1st dam Little Folly by Highland Fling ; 2d dam Harriet by 
 Volunteer; 3d dam Lady Sarah's dam by Alfred; 4th dam 
 Magnolia by Marske ; 5 th dam by Babraham ; 6th dam by Sed- 
 bury; 7th dam Ebony by Childers; 8th dam Old Eljony by 
 Basto ; 9 th dam Massey mare by Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Eliza, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Gifford ; imported into South 
 Carolina; owned by Col. Ferguson. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st 
 dam Zephyrina by Middlethorpe ; 2d dam Pagoda by Sir Peter ; 
 3d dam Eiipee by Coriander; 4th dam Matron by Florizel; 5th 
 dam Maiden by Matchem; 6th dam by Squirt; 7th dam by 
 Mogul. 
 
 Eliza, b. £, foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty William IV; im- 
 ported into South Carolina by Col. Wade Hampton. By 
 Emelius. 1st dam Ada by Woful ; 2d dam by Eubens ; 3d dam 
 Guildford mare by Guildford (by Highflyer) ; 4th dam Vulture's 
 dam by Justice; 5th dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's; 6th dam Lady 
 Bolingbroko by Squirrel ; 7th dam Herod's dam by Blaze ; 8tli 
 dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 9th dam by Graham's Cham- 
 pion; 10th dam by Darley's Arabian; 11th dam by Merlin. 
 
 Ella, b. f., foaled 1842, bred by Mr. J. Forster, sold to go to New 
 Orleans, August, 1859 ; covered by Poland and Black Doctor. 
 
602 THE HOESE. 
 
 By Pontifex. 1st dam by Dash ; 2d dam by Blacklock ; 3d dam 
 Cottage Girl by Thunderbolt ; 4th dam by Worthy ; 5th dam 
 Young Camilla by Woodjoecker ; Gth dam Camilla by Tren- 
 tham ; 7th dam Coquette by Compton Barb ; 8tli dam sister to 
 Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian; 9th dam Grey Eobinson by 
 Bald Galloway; 10th dam by Snake; lltli dam Old Wilkes by 
 Old Hautboy. 
 
 Eltham Lass (imported), b. £, foaled 1859, bred by Wm. Blenkiron, 
 at Middle Park, Eltham ; owned by E. A. Alexander, Esq. By 
 Kingston. 1st dam by P}Trhus the First ; 2d dam Palmyra 
 (Tadmor's dam) by Sultan ; 3d dam Hester by Camel; 4th dam 
 Monimia by Muley ; 5th dam by Precipitate (sister to Pet- 
 worth) ; Gth dam by Woodpecker ; 7th dam by Snap out of 
 Young Marske's dam ; Stli dam by Blank ; 9th dam Bay Star- 
 ling by Bolton Starling; lOtli dam Miss Meynell by Partner; 
 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam by Curwen's Barb; 13th 
 dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 14th dam by Whitesbirt ; 
 15th dam Old Montagu mare. 
 
 Emancipatiois" Maee, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Painter ; im- 
 ported into South Carolina, in foal to Discount, by Emancipa- 
 tion (before his importation). 1st dam by Sligo ; 2d dam 
 Zarina by Morisco ; 3d dam Jura by Smolenrjko; 4th dam Mor- 
 giana by Coriander ; 5th dam Fairy by Highflyer ; Gth dam 
 Fairy Queen by Young Cade ; 7th dam Eouth's Blackeyes by 
 Crab; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake, etc. 
 
 Emelius Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Thornhill; imported 
 by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By Emelius. 1st 
 dam Menever by Merlin ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Lisette 
 by Hambletonian ; 4th dam Constantia by Walnut ; 5th dam 
 Contessina by Young Marske ; Gth dam Tuberose by Herod ; 
 7th dam Grey Starling by Starling ; 8th dam Cougliing Polly 
 by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam by Counsellor ; lOtli dam by 
 Snake ; 11th dam by Luggs ; 12tli dam by Davill's Old Wood- 
 cock. 
 
 Emilia, b. f., foaled 1840, bred by Mr. Hague; imported by A. 
 Keene Eichards, Esq., Scott county, Ky., 1858. By Young 
 Emelius (son of Emelius out of Shovelcr). 1st dam Persian by 
 Whisker ; 2d dam Variety by Selim or Soothsayer ; 3d dam 
 Sprite by Bobtail; 4th dam Catherine (sister to Colibri) by 
 Woodpecker ; 5th dam Camilla by Trentham ; Gth dam Co- 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED MARES. 603 
 
 qnette by Compton Barb ; 7th dam sister to Eegiilus by Godol- 
 phiu Arabian ; 8th dam Grey Eobinsou by Bald Galloway; 9th 
 dam Old Wilkes by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Emily, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty William IV; im- 
 ported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. She raced 
 successfully in the United States. By Emelius. 1st dam Eliza- 
 beth by Eainbow ; 2d dam Belvoirina by Stamford ; 3d dam 
 sister to Silver by Mercury; 4tli dam by Herod; 5th dam 
 Young Hag by Skim ; 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony 
 by Childers ; 8th dam Ebony by Basto. 
 
 Emmy, b. f , foaled 1825, 1)red by Mr. Yates ; imported into South 
 Carolina by Col. Wade Hampton, 1835 ; covered by Camel. By 
 Magistrate. 1st dam Emmeliue by Waxy ; 2d dam Sorcery by 
 Sorcerer ; 3d dam Cobl)ea by Skyscraper ; 4th dam by Wood- 
 pecker; 5th dam Heinel by Squirrel; 6th dam by Blank ; 7th 
 dam by CuUen Arabian ; 8th dam Grieswood's Lady Thigh by 
 Partner ; 9th dam by Grejiiouud ; 10th dam Sophonisba's 
 dam by Curwen's Bay Barb. 
 
 Equity, b. f , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Fonlis ; imported by Messrs. 
 Hugh and John Kirkman, Tennessee. By Humphrey Clinker. 
 1st dam Justicia by Scrvantes; 2d dam Lady Eachel by Stam- 
 ford ; 3d dam Young Eachel by Volunteer ; 4th dam Eachel 
 by Highflyer ; 5th dam sister to Tandem by S}q)hon ; 6th dam 
 by Eegulus; 7th dam by Snip; 8th dam by Cottingham; 
 9th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake. 
 
 Fair Charlotte, b. f., foaled 1808, bred by Mr. Durand; im- 
 ported into Virginia. By Teddy the Grinder. 1st dam by 
 Precipitate ; 2d dam Colibri by Woodpecker ; 3d dam Camilla 
 by Trentham ; 4tli dam by Compton Barb ; 5tli dam sister to 
 Eegulus by the Godolphin Arabian ; 0th dam Grey Eobinson 
 by Bald Galloway; 7th dam by Snake; 8th dam Old Wilkes by 
 Old Hautboy. 
 
 Fair Eachel, ch. f., foaled 1753, bred by Mr. Benjamin Eogers, 
 Middleham, near Epsom ; imported by Col. James De Lance}-, 
 New York. By Babraham; first dam by Bolton Starhng; 
 second dam's name or pedigree could never be ascertained, 
 although she was thoroughbred. Pick says: " She was a mare 
 of great power and strength ; had an uncommon share of good- 
 ness and lastingness." She won a large number of plates, beat- 
 ing the l^est horses of her time, and chiefly at high weights, 
 
604 THE nOESE. 
 
 proving lier to be the best plate mare and not inferior to any 
 plate horse of her time. 
 Falconet, br. f., bred by Lord Scarborough, foaled 1830; im- 
 ported into the United States in 1834; owned by Messrs. T. H. 
 and H. Clay, Jr., Kentucky. By Falcon. Bred in 1841 to im- 
 ported Monarch. 1st dam by Catton; 2d dam Hannah by 
 Sorcerer; 3d dam Amelia by Highflyer ; 4th dam Miss Timms 
 by Matchem ; 5th dam by Squirt ; 6th dam Sol's dam by Mo- 
 gul ; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam Old Lady 
 (Starling's dam) by Pullein's chestnut Arabian ; 9th dam by 
 Eockwood ; 10th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Fantasie, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Lord Chesterfield ; imported 
 into Louisiana; owned by Fergus Duplantier. By Tramp. 1st 
 dam Petuaria Young (dam of Bamfylde and Carew) by Eain- 
 bow ; 2d dam Petuaria by Orville ; 3d dam Mundane by Pot-B- 
 o's ; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker. (See Adriana.) 
 
 Favoeite, b. f., foaled 1790, bred by Mr. Holt ; imported by Col. 
 John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1796. By Volunteer. 1st 
 dam by Matchem ; 2d dam by Dainty Davy ; 3d dam by son of 
 Mogul; 4th dam by Crab; 5th dam by Bay Bolton; 6th dam 
 by Curwen's Bay Barb. 
 
 Favoeite, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by . 
 
 By High Eagle (sou of Euler). 1st dam Sweetheart by 
 Matchem ; 2d dam Sylph by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Marske. 
 
 Feak, ch. f., foaled 1830, bred by Mr. E. Peel; imported by ; 
 
 owned by D. B. Smith, Esq. By Phantom. 1st dam by Hed- 
 ley ; 2d dam Gramarie by Sorcerer ; 3d dam by Sir Peter ; 4th 
 dam Deceit by Tandem ; 5th dam Perdita by Herod ; 6th dam 
 Fair Forester by Sloe ; 7th dam by Forester ; 8th dam by Part- 
 ner; 9th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 
 11th dam by Brimmer ; 12th dam by son of Dodsworth ; 13th 
 dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Felucca, br. f., foaled 1866, by Buccaneer, bred by Lord Zetland ; 
 imported by A. Belmont, Esq., in 1870. 1st dam Eevival by 
 ISTewminster; 2d dam Qui Vive (sister to Vidette) by Volti- 
 
 geur ; 3d dam by Irish Birdcatcher ; 4th dam ISTan 
 
 Darrell by Inheritor ; 5th dam Nell by Blacklock ; Gth dam 
 Madame Vestris by Comus; 7th dam Lisette by Hamble- 
 tonian; 8th dam Constantia by Young Marske; 9th dam 
 Tuberose by Herod; 10th dam Grey Starling by Starling; 11th 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED MAEES. 605 
 
 dam Coughing Polly by Bartlet's Childers ; 12th dam sister to 
 Thunderbolt by Counsellor ; 13tli dam by Snake ; 14th dam 
 by Luggs ; 15th dam Davill's Old Woodcock stinted to Beads- 
 man. 
 FiLAGEEE, b. £, foaled 1859, by Stockwell, bred by Lord Londes- 
 borough ; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents 
 of the Kentucky Importing Company. The property of Mr. 
 A. Belmont, New York. 1st dam Extasy by Touchstone; 
 3d ' dam Miss Wilfred by Lottery ; 3d dam (Eoyal Oak's 
 dam) by Smolensko ; 4th dam Lady Mary by Beningborough ; 
 5th dam by Highflyer; 6th dam by Marske (sister to Pontiac) ; 
 7th dam A La Grecque by Eegulus ; 8th dam by AUworthy ; 
 9th dam by Bolton Starling ; 10th dam Dairy Maid by Bloody 
 Buttocks; lltli dam Bay Brocklesby by Old Partner; 12th 
 dam Brocklesby by Greyhound ; 13th dam Brocklesby Betty by 
 Curwen's Bay Barb ; 14th dam Miss Leedes' Hobby mare by 
 the Lister Turk. 
 
 FiLHO-DA-PUTA Mare, foaled 1833, bred by Sir T. Stanley ; im- 
 ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Filho- 
 da-Puta. 1st dam by Eubens; 2d dam the Hipped mare by 
 Meteor; 3d dam Petrowna by Sir Peter; 4th dam Georgiana 
 by Sweetbriar ; 5th dam Capella by Herod ; 6th dam Miss Cape 
 by Eegulus ; 7th dam Blackeyes by Crab, etc., etc. 
 
 Fleet, br. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. Stanborough ; imported into 
 South Carolina ; owned by Mr. E. Singleton, Esq. By Augus- 
 tus. 1st dam by Orville; 2d dam Sprightly by Whiskey ; 3d 
 dam Eomance by Gouty ; 4th dam Mademoiselle by Diomed ; 
 5th dam Belle by Justice ; 6th dam by Marske ; 7th dam Susan 
 by Bajazet, etc. 
 
 Fleetin'G- Moments, b. f., foaled 1856, bred by Mr. H. Bradshaw; 
 imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., New York. By Bolingbroke. 
 1st dam Queen of Cyprus by Liverpool ; 2d dam Careful by 
 Orville or Walton; 3d dam Pipyhna by Sir Peter; 4th dam 
 Eally by Trumpator ; 5th dam Fancy (sister to Diomed) by 
 Florizel ; 6th dam sister to Juno by Spectator ; 7th dam sister 
 to Horatius by Blank; 8th dam by Childers; 9th dam Miss 
 Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 10th dam by Paget Turk; 11th 
 dam Betty Percival by Leedes' Arabian; 12th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Fleur des Champs, b. f., foaled 1862, bred by Mr. Williamson ; im- 
 ported by Mr. A. Belmont, Xew York. By Newmiuster. 1st 
 
006 THE HOKSE. 
 
 dam Maria by Harkaway ; 2d dam Suspicion by Speculation ; 
 3d dam Foam by Langar ; 4th dam Steam by Waxy Pope ; 5tli 
 dam Miss Stavely by Shuttle ; Gth dam by Drone ; T'th dam 
 by Matchem; 8th dam Jocasta by Cornforth's Forester; 9tli 
 dam Milsop by Old Cade; 10th dam Miss Partner by Partner; 
 11th dam by Makeless ; 12th dam by Brimmer; 13th dam by 
 Place's Wliite Turk; 11th dam by Dodsworth; loth dam 
 Layton Barb mare. Stinted to the Marquis, son of Stock- 
 well. 
 
 Florestike, b. f., foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported by 
 H. & J. Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn. By Whisker. Died 1854, 
 the property of General Harding. 1st dam Flora (sister to 
 Oiseau) by Camillus ; 2d dam by Euler ; 3d dam Treecreeper 
 by Woodpecker ; 4th dam by Trentham; 5th dam Cunegonde 
 by Blank; 6tli dam by Cullen Arabian; 7tli dam by Patriot; 
 8th dam by Gander ; 9th dam by brother to Grantham ; 10th 
 dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 11th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Florida HEPBURisr, br. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; im- 
 ported by . Ean with success by Lovel & Hammond. 
 
 By Tramp. 1st dam Miss Armstrong by Whisker ; 2d dam 
 Stavely Lass by Shuttle or Harabletonian ; 3d dam liy Drone ; 
 4th dam by Matchem ; 5th dam Joccasta by Cornforth's For- 
 ester; Gth dam sister to young CadebyCacje; 7tli dam Miss 
 Partner by Partner ; 8th dam by ]\Iakeless ; 9th dam l^y Brim- 
 mer; 10th dam by Place's White Turk. 
 
 Flouxce, b. £, foaled 1836, bred in England ; imported by E. H. 
 Boardman, Ala. Presented to Hon. II. Clay, by Dr. Mercer. 
 By English Mulatto. First dam imported Florcstine by 
 Whisker (which see). 
 
 Fluke, ch. f., foaled 1854, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes ; imported 1868 
 by Mr. A, Belmont, New York ; covered by Gladiateur, but 
 missed. By Womersley : dam sister to Grey Momus by Comus ; 
 2d dam by Cervantes ; 3d dam Emma by Don Cossack ; 4th dam 
 Vesta byDelpini; 5 th dam Faith by Pacolet; 6th dam Atalanta 
 by Matchem ; 7th dam Lass of tlie Mill by Oroonoko ; 8th dam 
 by Traveller; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound; 
 loth dam by Partner; 11th dam by Woodcock; 12th dam by 
 Crofts' Bay Barb ; 13th dam by Makeless ; 14th dam by Brim- 
 mer; 15th dam by Dickey Pierson ; 16th dam Burton Barb 
 mare. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 607 
 
 Forrester Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported into 
 
 United States before the Eevolution. By Crofts' Forester. 1st 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 2d dam by Honej^ood's Arabian ; 
 3d dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Fortuna (called also Porto Rico), ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. 
 Saville; imported into Louisiana by Thomas Flintoff, Esq., 
 Nashyille, Tenn. By Langar. First dam by Orville. (See 
 Nun's Daughter.) 
 
 Frances, b. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. F. E. Price ; imported into 
 South Carolina in ship China, 1838, in foal to Birdcatcher. 
 By Emelius. 1st dam Valve by Bob Booty; 2d dam Wise 
 (sister to Whalebone) by Waxy ; 3d dam Penelope by Trumpa- 
 tor ; 4th dam Prunella by Highflyer ; 5th dam Promise by 
 Snap ; 6th dam Julia by Blank ; 7th dam Spectator's dam by 
 Partner ; 8tli dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton, etc. 
 
 Frolicksome Fanny, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Kirby ; im- 
 ported into Alabama. By Lottery. 1st dam sister to Catterick 
 by Whisker ; 2d dam by Bay Trophonius ; 3d dam by Slope ; 
 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske ; 5th dam by Cade ; 6th 
 dam (Beaufremont's dam) by Tartar ; 7tli dam by brother to 
 Fearnought; 8th dam Miss Windham by Windham; 9th dam 
 by Belgi-ade Turk ; lOtli dam Old Scarborough j\Iaid by Make- 
 less; 11th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Fun, b. f., foaled in 1866. Bred by Mr. Blenkiron, England. Im- 
 ported by Mr. R. W. Cameron, New York. Got by Stockwell : 
 dam Whimsical by Launcelot ; 2d dam Wliim by Voltaire ; 3d 
 dam Fancy hj Osmond ; 4th dam by Catton ; 5th dam by 
 Hambletonian ; 6th dam by Shuttle ; 7tli dam by Drone; Stli 
 dam Catharine by Young Marske ; 9th dam Gentle Kitty by 
 Silvio; 10th dam by Dorimond; 11th dam Portia by Ptcgulus; 
 12th dam by Button's Spot; 13th dam by Fox-cub; 14th dara 
 by Bay Bolton ; loth dam by Coneyskins ; 16th dam by Hut- 
 ton's Gray Barb; 17th dam by Eoyal colt; 18th dam by the 
 Byerley Turk; 19th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Fury, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Lord Chesterfield; imported by 
 Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. She raced successfully 
 in the United States. By Priam, before his importation. 1st 
 dam sister to Ainderby by Velocipede ; 2d dam Kate by Catton ; 
 3d dam Miss Garforth by Walton. (See imported Ain- 
 derby.) 
 
608 THE nOESE. 
 
 Gabrielle, ch. f., foaled 1820, bred by Duke of Grafton ; imported 
 by E, H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By Partizan. 1st 
 dam Coquette by Dick Andrews ; 2d dam Vanity by Buzzard ; 
 3d dam Dabcliick by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Drab by Jlighflyer ; 
 5tli dam Hebe by Chrysolite ; Gth dam Prosperine (sister to 
 Eclipse) by Marske. 
 
 Gallopade, gr. f., foaled 1828, bred by Col. King; imported into 
 Canada, 1836 ; owned by James Jackson, Esq., Alabama. By 
 Catton. 1st dam Camilina by Camillus; 2d dam by Smolen- 
 sko; 3d dam Miss Cannon by Orville; 4tli dam by Weather- 
 cock ; 5th dam Cora by Matchem ; Gth dam by Turk ; 7th dam 
 by Cub ; 8tli dam by Allworthy ; 9th dam by Starling ; 10th 
 dam by Bloody Buttocks ; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam 
 Brocklesby Betty by Curwen's Bay Barb; 13tli dam Mr. Leedes' 
 Hobby mare by Lister Turk. 
 
 Gamenut Mare, foaled about 1815 or'lG; imported by Allen J, 
 Davie, Esq., North Carolina. By Gamennt. 1st dam Alle- 
 granti by Pegasus; 2d dam Orange Squeezer by Highflyer; 3d 
 dam Mop Squeezer by Matchem ; 4th dam Lady by Sir Charles 
 Turner's Sweepstakes; 5th dam by Patriot; Gth dam by Crab; 
 7th dam sister to Sloven by Bay Bolton ; 8tli dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Bar]3. 
 
 Gasteeia, b. f., foaled 179G, bred by Mr. Broadhurst; imported by 
 Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1798. By Balloon. 
 Gasteria was sold to Alexander Shejoherd, Esq., Culpepper, Va. 
 1st dam by Marske ; 2d clam Cremona by Kegulus ; 3d dam by 
 Traveler ; 4tli dam by Hip ; 5th dam by Snake ; Gth dam the 
 Duke of Eutland's Black Barb ; 7th dam by Blunderbus ; 8th 
 dam Lord D'Arcy's Gray Eoyal mare. 
 
 Gazelle, gr. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. Osbaldeston; imported 
 into South Carolina and soltl by Mr. Porchcr to Col. Fitz- 
 simons ; in foal to the Saddler. By Velocipede. 1st dam by 
 Minos; 2d dam Aquilina by Eagle; 3d dam Marybella by 
 Walnut; 4th dam Maria by Telemachus ; 5th dam A-la-Grecque 
 by Eegulus ; Gth dam by Allwortliy ; 7th dam by Bolton Star- 
 ling ; 8th dam Dairy Maid by Bloody Buttocks ; 9th dam Bay 
 Brocklesl)y by Old Partner; 10th dam Brocklesliy by Grey- 
 hound; 11 til dam Brocklesb<y Betty bv Curwen's Bay Barb; 
 12th dam Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by Lister Turk. 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 609 
 
 GEifiSTA, b. f,, foaled 1863, bred by Lord Falmouth ; imported and 
 owned by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stnd Farm, Staten 
 Island, N. Y. By King Tom. 1st dam Scrubbing Brush by 
 Touchstone ; 2d dam The Broom by Van Tromp ; 3d dam Miss 
 Martin by Voltaire; 4th dam Miss Iris by Blucher; 5th dam 
 Iris by Sir Peter ; 6 th dam Isal)ella by Eclipse : 7tli dam Isa- 
 bel's dam by Woodpecker ; 8th dam by Squirrel ; 9th dam An- 
 caster ISTancy by Blank ; 10th dam Phebe by Tortoise ; 11th 
 dam by Looby; 12th dam by Partner; 13th dam by Woodcock; 
 • 14th dam by Makeless ; 15tli dam by Brimmer ; 16th dam by 
 Dicky Pierson ; 17th dam Burton Barb mare — stinted to Buck- 
 enham. 
 
 GiEL OF My Heaet, b. £, foaled 1868, bred by Mr. Cookson ; im- 
 ported by Mr. A. Belmont, New York. By Skirmisher : dam 
 imported Fluke by Wormersly (which see). 
 
 Girth, bl. f., foaled in South Carolina, 1839; imported in her 
 mother's belly ; owned and raised by W. H. Sinkler, Esq., South 
 Carolina. By The Saddler. 1st dam Gazelle by Velocipede ; 
 2d dam by Minos. (See Gazelle.) 
 
 Gloeiaka, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Painter; imported by Sam- 
 uel Field, Esq.; owned by Alfred Seton, Esq., Westchester 
 county, N, Y. By Mcranou. 1st dam Kamschatka by Master 
 Henry; 2d dam Passamaquoddy by Lignum Vitse; 3d dam 
 Hind by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Paulina by Florizel ; 5th dam Cap- 
 tive by Matchem ; 6tli dam Calliope by Slouch ; 7th dam Ata- 
 lanta's dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko ; 8th dam Lass of the 
 Mill by Traveler; 9th dam Miss Makeless by Young Grey- 
 hound; 10 til dam by Partner; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by 
 Woodcock; 12th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 13th dam Desde- 
 mona's dam by Makeless. 
 
 GoDOLPHiisr Arabian Mare, foaled , bred by ; owned 
 
 1766 by John Walker, Esq., Virginia. By The Godolphin Ara- 
 bian. 1st dam by Darley's Arabian ; 2d dam by Byerly Turk; 
 3d dam iDy TafFolet Barb ; 4th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 5 th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 GoLDWiRE, br. f, foaled 1823, bred by Lord Egremont; imported 
 into Kentucky, 1835, by Thos. H. & H. Clay, Jr. By Whale- 
 bone. 1st dam byGohanna; 2d dam Amazon by Driver; 3d 
 dam Fractious by Mercury; 4th dam by Woodpecker; 5th dam 
 Everlasting by Eclipse ; 6th dam Hyaena by Snap ; 7th dam 
 Vol. L— 39 
 
610 THE HORSE. 
 
 Miss Belsea by Regulus ; 8tli dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 9tli 
 dam by Honey wood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the Two 
 True Bhies. 
 Gfkilda (called also Virago), gr. f., foaled 1777, bred by Mr. 
 
 Tempest ; imported by . By Star. She was the dam of 
 
 the celebrated race mare Virago, by imported Sliark, for whose 
 daughter Selima by Spread Eagle, Col. Tayloe, of Virginia, is 
 said to have given one-half of Sir Archy and $400 in moue}^ — 
 S. D. B. 1st dam Virago by the Panton Arabian ; 2d dam 
 Crazy by Lath ; 3d dam sister to Snip by Childers ; 4th dam 
 sister to Soreheels by Basto ; 5th dam sister to Mixbury by Cur- 
 wen's Bay Barb; Gtli dam by Curwen Spot; 7th dam by White- 
 legged Lowtlier Barb ; 8th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Gutty (sister to Chateau Margaux), b. f., foaled 1824, bred by Lord 
 Egremont; imported by Thos. Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By 
 ■ Whalebone. 1st dam Yfasp by Gohanna; 2d dam by Highflyer; 
 3d dam Chanticleer's dam by Eclipse ; 4th dam Eosebud by 
 Snap ; 5th dam Miss Belsea by Regulus. (See Chateau Mar- 
 gaux.) 
 
 Hackabout, b. f., foaled 1794, bred by Mr. Moore; imported by 
 CoL John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1798. By Escape. 
 Sold to Col. John Dangcrfield. 1st dam sister to Tandem by 
 Syphon ; 2d dam by Regulus ; 3d dam by Snip ; 4tli dam by 
 Cottinghani ; 5th dam Yv'arlock Galloway by Snake ; Gth dam 
 sister to the Carlisle gelding by the Bald Galloway. 
 
 Haelot, f., bred by , foaled ; imported into South Car- 
 olina by Col. Talmadge. By a son of Ilcrod. 1st dam by 
 Snap ; 2d dam Lord Bertie's Harlot by Blank ; 3d dam by Rib ; 
 4th dam by the Wpm Arabian ; 5th dam by Governor ; 6th 
 dam by Alcock's Aral^iau ; 7tli dam by Grasshopper ; 8th dam 
 sister to Gentleman's dam. 
 
 Heads oe Tails, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Sir G. Pigot ; imported 
 into United States; owned by T. H. & Henry Clay, Jr., Ken- 
 tucky. By Lottery. 1st dam Active by Partizan; 2d dam 
 Eleanor by Whiskey ; 3d dam Young Giantess by Diomed ; 
 4th dam Giantess by Matchem ; 5th dam Molly Long-Legs by 
 Babraham; 6th dam by Cole's Foxhunter; 7th dam sister to 
 Cato by Partner. 
 
 Helen, br. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Chesterfield ; imported into 
 South Carolina by Col. R. Singleton. By Priam (before his 
 
LIST OF. IMPOETED MAEES. 611 
 
 importation). She was trained and ran in tlie United States. 
 1st dam Malibran by Rubens ; 3d dam Bolter's dam by Trump- 
 ator ; 3d dam by Highflyer ; 4th dam Otheothea by Otho ; 5th 
 dam by Snap ; 6th dam by Eegulns ; 7th dam AVildair's dam 
 by Steady; 8th dam by Partner; 9th dam by Greyhound; 
 10th dam Chestnut Layton by Makeless. 
 Hee Majesty, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by King William IV ; im- 
 ported by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By The Col- 
 onel. 1st dam Peri (the dam of Sir Hercules) by Wanderer; 
 2d dam Thalestris by Alexander ; 3d dam Eival by Sir Peter ; 
 4th dam Hornet by Drone ; 5th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 
 6th dam by Old England ; 7th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 8th 
 dam by Cade ; 9th dam Miss Makeless by a son of Greyhound. 
 
 Highflyer Maee, f, foaled ; imported by Col. John Tayloe, 
 
 Virginia. By Highflyer. 1st dam by Star; 2d dam by Pan- 
 ton's Arabian ; 3d dam by Old Crab ; 4tli dam by Shock ; 5th 
 dam Little Hartley mare by Childers ; 6th dam out of dam of 
 Large Hartley mare by Fl}dug Whig by Woodstock Arabian. 
 (See Selima.) 
 
 HouRi, called Annot Lisle, ch. f, foaled 1837, bred by Mr. E. G. 
 Lumley ; imjDorted into the United States ; owned by Hon. D. F. 
 Kenner, Louisiana. By Langar. Was trained and ran suc- 
 cessfully in the United States. 1st dam Annot Lyle by Ashton 
 (son of Walnut) ; 2d dam Lauria by Gohanna ; 3d dam Certhia 
 by Woodpecker ; 4th dam by Trentham ; 5th dam Cunengonde 
 by Blank. (See Florestine.) 
 
 HiPPONA, br. f., foaled 1802, bred by Lord Egremont ; imported by 
 General McPherson into South Carolina. By Sir Peter. 1st 
 dam by Woodpecker; 2d dam by Sweetbriar; 3d dam Buzzard 
 dam by Dux ; 4th dam Curiosity by Snap ; 5th dam by Eegu- 
 lus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by HonejTvood's 
 Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Hokee Pokee- Maee, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Forth ; im- 
 ported by Messrs. Nott, Feme and Major Huger, Mobile, Ala. 
 By Hokee Pokee. 1st dam by Scud or Pioneer ; 2d dam Canary 
 Bird by Whiskey or Sorcerer ; 3d dam Canary by Coriander ; 
 4th dam Miss Green by Highflyer; 5tli dam Harriet by 
 Matchem ; 6th dam Flora by Eegulus. 
 
 Hokee Pokee Maee, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Gratwicke; 
 sent to America to Dr. J. C. Nott. By Hokee Pokee. 1st dam 
 
G12 THE HOESE. 
 
 by Phantom ; 2d dam sister to Election by Golianna ; 3d dam 
 Chestnut Skim by Woodpecker; 4th dam Silver's dam by 
 Herod ; 5 th dam Young Hag by Skim, etc. 
 
 Hope, No. 1, f., said to have been imported by Dr. Tate, of Philadel- 
 phia. By Volunteer. She cannot be found in Weatherby; 
 nothing is known concerniHg her pedigree. — S. D. B. 1st dam 
 by Herod ; 2d dam by Snap. 
 
 Hope, No. 2 (called Lady Hope), ch. f., foaled 1826, bred by Mr. 
 Eawlinson; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. 
 By Eubens. 1st dam by Haphazard; 2d dam Promise by 
 Walton ; 3d dam Parasol by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Prunella by 
 Highflyer; 5th dam Promise by Snap; 6th dam Julia by 
 Blank ; 7 th dam Spectator's dam Partner, etc. 
 
 Hyacinth, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Hurd ; imported into 
 North Carolina by A. J. Davie, Esq. By Barytes. 1st dam 
 Zafra by Partizan ; 2d dam Zada by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Alexina 
 by King Fergus. (See Clink's pedigree.) 
 
 LSTALID, br. f., foaled 1822, bred by Sir T. Mostyn ; imported by 
 Messrs. Corbin, Virginia. By Whisker. 1st dam Helen by 
 Hambletonian ; 2d dam Susan by Overton; 3d dam Drowsy by 
 Drone ; 4th dam Old England mare by Old England ; 5th dam 
 by Cullen Arabian ; Gth dam Miss Cade by Cade ; 7th dam 
 Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound (out of Farewell) ; 8th dam 
 by Partner; 9th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; lOtli dam 
 by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 11th dam Desdemona's dam by Makeless, 
 etc. 
 
 IsrvEKCAULD, br. f., foaled 1866; imported in mother's belly by Mr. 
 E. W. Cameron, New York. By St. Albans : dam Eleanor by 
 Voltigeur. (See imp. Eleanor.) 
 
 Inveelockt, b. f., foaled 1866, bred by Sir J. Hanmer; imported 
 by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Staten Island, N. Y. By Old Calabar. 
 1st dam Veronica by Cruiser ; 2d dam Speedwell by Physician ; 
 3d dam by Wanton or Don Juan ; 4th dam (sister to Benedick) 
 by Eemembrancer ; 5th dam Beatrice by Sir Peter; 6th dam 
 Pyrrha by Matchem; 7th dam Duchess by Whitenose; 8th 
 dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 9th dam by Oxford 
 Dun Arabian ; 10th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Inverness, b. f., foaled 1866, bred by Mr. E. C. Naylor ; imported 
 by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Staten Island, N. Y. By Macaroni. 
 1st dam Elfrida by Faugh-a-Ballagh ; 2d dam Espoir by Liver- 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MARES. 613 
 
 pool ; 3cl dam Esperance by Lapclog ; 4th dam Grisette by Mer- 
 lin ; 5th dam Coquette by Dick Andrews ; 6th dam Vanity by 
 Buzzard; 7th dam Dabchick by Pot-8-o's ; 8th dam Drab by 
 Highflyer ; 9th dam Hebe by Chrysolite ; 10th dam Proserpine 
 (sister to Eclipse) by Marske ; lltli dam Spiletta by Eegulus ; 
 12tli dam Mother Western by Smith's son of Snake ; 13 th dam 
 by Lord D'Arcy's Old Montagu ; 14th dam by Hautboy ; 15th 
 dam by Brimmer. 
 Inveruglass, br. f., foaled 1866, bred by Sir J. Hanmer ; imported 
 by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Staten Island, N. Y. By Old Calabar. 
 1st dam Juniper by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam The Fawn by Ven- 
 ison ; 3d dam Cecelia by Comus ; 4th dam Miss Maltby by Fil- 
 ho-da-Puta; 5th dam Mrs. Maltby by Cervantes; 6th dam Leg- 
 acy by King Fergus ; 7th dam Mortonia by Herod ; 8th dam by 
 Northumberland; 9tli dam (Ferret's dam) by Eegulus; 10th 
 dam by Lord Morton's Arabian ; 11th dam byMixbury; 12th 
 dam by Mulso Bay Turk ; 13tli dam by Bay Bolton ; 14th dam 
 by Coneyskins ; 15th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 16th dam 
 by Byerly Turk; 17th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Isabel, b. £, foaled 1830, bred by Mr. Dyson; imported into New 
 York in ship Ira, 1833. By Blacklock. 1st dam by Filho-da- 
 Puta ; 2d dam by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Miss Watt by Del- 
 pini ; 4tb dam by Trumpator ; 5th dam Demirep by Highflyer ; 
 6th dam Brim by Squirrel ; 7th dam Helen by Blank ; 8th dam 
 by Crab ; 9th dam sister to Partner. 
 
 Isabella, br. f, foaled 1802, bred by Lord Clermont; imported 
 by Gen. McPherson into South Carolina ; owned by O'Brien 
 Smith, Esq. By Trumpator. 1st dam Demirep (sister to 
 Noble) by Highflyer; 2d dam Brim by Squirrel; 3d dam 
 Helen by Blank ; 4th dam by Crab ; 5th dam sister to Partner 
 
 Isabella, ch. f., foaled 1819, bred by Mr. Ferguson; imported by 
 Admiral Sir Isaac CoflBn into New York, January, 1830. By 
 Comus. In foal to Lottery when imported. 1st dam by 
 Shuttle ; 2d dam by Oberon ; 3d dam by Phoenomenon ; 4th 
 dam Calliope by Slouch ; 5th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroo- 
 noko ; 6th dam by Traveler ; 7th dam Miss Makeless by son of 
 Greyhound. 
 
 Jack Spigot Mare, f., foaled , bred by Mr. Eiddell ; sent to 
 
 the United States in 1839. By Jack Spigot. 1st dam Jeanne 
 
614 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 D'Arc by Comiis ; 2d dam by Pipator ; 3d dam by Delpini ; 4th 
 dam Tuberose by Herod ; 5th dam Grey StarHng by Starling ; 
 Gth dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by 
 Counsellor, 
 
 Janette, b. f., foaled 1791, bred by Mr. Harris; imported into Vir- 
 ginia by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Ya., 1798. By 
 Mercury. 1st dam by Highflyer ; 2d dam Miranda by Snap ; 
 3d dam Miss Middleton by Eegulus ; 4th dam Camilla by son 
 of Bay Bolton ; 5tli dam by Bartlet's Childers ; Gth dam by 
 Honeywood's Arabian ; 7th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Jane WellinTtTON", b. f., owned by John Miller, Esq., Kichmond, 
 Va. ; foaled soon after her dam's landing at Norfolk, Va. By 
 Sweet Eobin, an Irish horse, dam by Merryfield. She cannot 
 be found in English Stud Book. 
 
 Javelina, f,, by Javelin in England ; imported by Col. J. Hoomes, 
 Virginia. Died learing no produce. 
 
 Jenny Cameeon, f. ; imported by Col. John Tayloe, of Virginia, 
 prior to the Eevolution ; said to be by sou of Fox. A certificate 
 of Col. Tayloe, dated 1773, makes her by Cuddy (son of Fox), 
 out of Mr. Witty's famous mare Cabbage-wise ; neither can be 
 substantiated in English Stud Book. 1st dam Miss Belvoir by 
 Grey Grantham ; 2d dam by Paget Turk ; 3d dam Betty Perci- 
 yal by Leedes' Arabian ; 4th dam by Spanker, 
 
 Jenny Dismal, f ; imj)orted by Col. Baylor, before the Revolution ; 
 said to have been gotten by the famous plate horse Old Dismal, 
 son of the Godolphin Arabian, her dam by Lord Godolphin's 
 Whitefoot. She cannot be identified in the English Stud 
 Book. 
 
 Jenny Mills, ch. £, foaled 1825, bred by Mr. Watts ; imported by 
 L. J. Polk, of Tennessee, 1838. In foal by Plenipotentiary. 
 By Whisker, 1st dam Hornsea's dam by Cerberus; 2d dam 
 Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter; 3d dam by Pegasus; 4th dam 
 sister to Sir Sidney by Paymaster ; 5th dam Pomona by Herod ; 
 Gth dam Caroline by Snap ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by 
 Hip; 9th dam by Hartley's blind horse; lOtli dam Flying 
 Whig b^ Woodstock Arabian. 
 
 Jessica, ch. f, foaled 1832, bred by ; imported into Ken- 
 tucky by Messrs. T. H. & H. Clay, Jr. By Velocipede. 1st 
 dam by Sanclio ; 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 3d 
 dam Wildgoose by Highflyer ; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's ; 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES, 615 
 
 5tli clam Manilla by Goldfinder; Gtli dam Mr. Goodricke's Old 
 England mare. 
 Jerusalem, b. f., bred by Mr. A. Johnston, foaled 1856, by Jericho ; 
 imported by E. W. Cameron, Esq., of New York ; covered by 
 St. Albans. 1st dam Selina by Orlando; 2d dam the Ladye or 
 Silverkeld Well by Velocipede ; 3d dam Emma (dam of Trustee, 
 Mundig and King or Kelton) by Whisker ; 4th dam Gibside 
 Fairy by Hermes ; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6th dam 
 Beatrice by Sir Peter Teazle ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th 
 dam Duchess by Whitenose ; 9th dam Miss Slammerkin by 
 Young True Blue ; 10th dam by Oxford Dun Arabian; 11th 
 dam D'Arc/s Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Kill Devil, bl. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Beardsworth ; imported 
 by Thos. FlintofiF, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. By Belzoni. 1st dam 
 Livonia by Smolensko ; 2d dam Stella by L'Orient ; 3d dam 
 by Euler; 4th dam Magdalena by Highflyer; 5th dam by 
 Matchem ; 6th dam sister to Dainty Davy by Old Traveler ; 7th 
 dam Slighted-by-All by Fox Cub ; 8th dam by Jigg ; 9th dam 
 Matchem's grandam. 
 
 KiXG Tom Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by King Tom; bred by Capt. 
 J. H. Shepworth, Brigg, Lincolnshire ; imported by Messrs. 
 Dudley & Bruce, agents of Kentucky Importing Company. 
 This filly died on board the ship Lancaster, in the port of Liv- 
 erpook 1st dam Little Cassino by Liheritor ; 2d dam Maid of 
 Team Valley's dam by Waverly ; 3d dam Swiss dam by Shuttle ; 
 4tli dam Lady Fidget by Fidget ; 5th dam by Alfred ; 6th dam 
 Magnolia by Marske ; 7th dam by Babraham ; 8th dam by Sed- 
 bury ; 9th dam Ebony by Childers; lOtli dam Old Ebony 
 (sister to Brown Betty) by Basto ; 11th dam Massey mare by 
 Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Kitty Bull, ch. f , bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported by General 
 Hampton into South Carolina; foaled 1796. By John Bull. 
 1st dam Isabella by Eclipse; 2d dam Isabel's dam by Squirrel; 
 3d dam Ancaster Nancy by Blank ; 4th dam Phoebe by Tor- 
 toise ; 5th dam by Looby ; 6th dam by Partner ; 7th dam by 
 Woodcock ; 8th dam by Makeless ; 9th dam by Brimmer ; lOtli 
 dam by Dicky Pierson ; 11th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Kitty Fisher, gr. f ; imported before the Eevolution; said to 
 have been bred by Marquis of Granby; imported by Carter 
 Braxton, Esq. By Cade. First dam by the Cullen Arabian, 
 
016 THE nORSE. 
 
 out of the famous mare Bald Charlotte. She cannot he found 
 in English Stjid Book. She was unquestionably thorough-bred, 
 and raced well in America. 
 
 La Bayadere, b. f., foaled 1831, bred by Lord Chesterfield ; im- 
 jDorted into Canada, 1836, by H. P. Simmons, Esq. By Levi- 
 athan. 1st dam Dahlia by Phantom ; 2d dam by Waxy ; 3d 
 dam Mose's dam by Gohanna ; 4th dam Grey Skim by AVood- 
 pecker; 5th dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 6th dam Young Hag 
 by Skim; T'th dam Hag by Crab; 8th dam Ebony by Childers; 
 9th dam Old Ebony by Basto ; 10th dam Massey mare by 
 Mr. Massey's Black Barb. 
 
 Lady Bull, b. f., foaled 1796, bred by Sir C. Bunbury; imported 
 by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va., 1799. By John 
 Bull. 1st dam by Pumpkin ; 2d dam Eleacatcher by Gold- 
 finder; 3d dam by Squirrel; 4th dam by Ball; 5th dam by 
 Lath ; 6th dam sister to Snip. She ran in America, but left 
 no produce. Only one colt is said to have been foaled to her 
 by imported Stirling, which died. 
 
 Lady Bunbfry, b. f., foaled 1802, bred by Sir Charles Bunbury; 
 imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Roanoke, Va. By Trumpa- 
 tor. 1st dam Theopha by Highflyer; 2d dam Playtliing by 
 Matchem ; 3d dam Vixen by Eegulus ; 4th dam by Button's 
 Spot ; 5th dam by Fox Cub ; 6th dam by Bay Bolton ; 7th 
 dam by Coneyskins ; 8th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb ; 9th dam 
 by Byerly Turk ; lOtli dam by Bustler. 
 
 Lady Elizabeth, b. f., foaled 1808, bred by Ld. Londesborough ; 
 imported by Jas. E. Smith, Jr., Esq., New York. By Ather- 
 stone : dam imported Wombat by West Australian. (See imp. 
 Wombat.) 
 
 Lady Emily, b. £, foaled 1826, bred by Mr. Udney; sent to 
 United States in 1836, covered by St. Patrick. By Emelius. 
 1st dam Antiope by Whalebone ; 2d dam Amazon by Driver ; 
 3d dam Fractious by Mercury; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5th 
 dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; 6th dam Hyena by Snap ; 7th 
 dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; lOth dam Mr. Bowe's 
 Byerly mare, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Lady Fly, b. f, foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Dilly; imported by 
 Hugh Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Bustard. 1st dam Brown 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. ^I'J' 
 
 Duchess by Orville ; 2d dam Sagana by Sorcerer ; 3d dam by 
 Woodpecker; 4th dam by Herod. 
 
 Lady G. (Lady Gascoigne), eh. f., foaled 1804, bred by Sir Thomas 
 Gascoigne ; imported by Hon. John Eandolph, Koanoke, Va., 
 1815. By Hambletouian. She was the dam of Magician in 
 England. 1st dam Golden Locks by Delpini; 2d dam Violet 
 by Sharke ; 3d dam by Syphon ; 4th dam Quick's Charlotte by 
 Blank; 5th dam by Crab; 6th dam by Dyer's Dimple; 7th 
 dam by BetheFs Castaway ; 8th dam by "Why-not ; 9th dam by 
 Eoyal mare. 
 
 Lady Geey, gr. f., foaled 1803, bred by Lord Egremont ; imported 
 
 by . By Gohanua. 1st dam Greyskim by Woodpecker; 
 
 2d dam Silver's dam by Herod ; 3d dam Young Hag by Skim ; 
 4th dam Hag by Cral) ; 5th dam Ebony by Childers ; Gth dam 
 Ebony by Basto; 7th dam Massey mare. 
 
 Lady Mosttn, br. £, foaled 1831, bred by Sir Thomas Mostyn ; 
 imported by F. P. Corbyn, Esq., Virginia ; cold to Com. R. F. 
 Stockton, New Jersey. By Teniers. 1st dam Invalid by 
 Whisker ; 2d dam Helen by Hambletouian ; 3d dam Susan by 
 Overton; 4th dam Drowsy by Drone; 5th dam by Old Eng- 
 land ; 6th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 7th dam Miss Cade by 
 Cade; 8th dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound. 
 
 Lady Nokthumberlant), f., foaled , bred by ; imported 
 
 by Hon. John Tayloe, Mount Airy, Va. By JSTorthumberland. 
 She cannot be found in Weatherby ; her pedigree is doubtless 
 correctly given. 1st dam by Shakespeare ; 2d dam by Eegulus ; 
 3d dam by Parker's Snip ; 4th dam by Old Partner ; 5tli dam by 
 Bloody Buttocks ; 6th dam by Greyhound ; 7th dam by Make- 
 less ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 10th dam by Dodsworth ; 11th dam Layton's Barb mare. 
 
 Lady Scott, br. f., foaled , bred by ; imported by R. D. 
 
 Shepherd, Virginia ; owned by John M. Clay, Esq., Lexington, 
 Ky. By Ardrossan. 1st dam Dodo by Viscount; 2d dam 
 Brilliante by Whiskey ; 3d dam by Diomed ; 4th dam by Im- 
 perator ; 5th dam Otheothea by Otho ; 6tli dam by Snap ; 7th 
 dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam Wildair's dam by Steady. 
 
 Lady Sheffield, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Turner; imported 
 into South Carolina. By Recovery. Dam Primrose by Comus. 
 
 (See Primrose.) 
 
618 THE HOESE. 
 
 Lady Sykes, gr. f., foaled 1850, bred by Sir Tatton Sykes ; imported 
 by James Fullington, Esq., 1857; owned by E. M. Bennett, 
 Woodstock, Ohio. By Sleigh t-of-IIand. 1st dam Wicket by 
 Stumps; 2d dam by Phantom; 3d dam sister to Consul by 
 Camillus ; 4tli dam by Shuttle ; 5th dam Eliza by Highflyer ; 
 Gth dam Augusta by Eclipse ; ^th dam by Herod ; 8th dam by 
 Bajazet ; 9tli dam by Eegulus ; 10th dam by Lonsdale Arabian ; 
 11th dam by Bay Bolton ; 12th dam by Darley's Arabian. 
 
 Lanercost Mare, b. f., foaled 1844, bred by Mr. Foljambe; im- 
 ported 1858 by A. Keen Eichards, Esq., Scott county, Ky. By 
 Lanercost. 1st dam The Nun by Catton; 2d dam by Paynator; 
 3d dam sister to Zodiac by St. George ; 4tli dam Abigail by 
 Woodpecker ; 5th dam Firetail by Eclipse ; 6th dam by Blank ; 
 7th dam by Cade ; 8th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 9tli 
 dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by Darley's Ara- 
 bian ; 11th dam by Byerly Turk ; 12th dam by Taffolet Barb ; 
 13th dam by Place's White Turk; 14th dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Langar Mare, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Chesterfield; im- 
 ported into South Carolina by Col. Singleton. By Langar. 
 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam Tramp's dam by Gohanna ; 3d 
 dam Eraxinella by Trentham ; 4th dam by Woodpecker ; 5tli 
 dam Everlasting by Eclipse. (See Lady Emily.) 
 
 Langae Mare, ch. £, foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Gratwicke ; im- 
 ported by CoL Wade Hampton, South Carolina. Ovvmed by 
 John Manning, Esq. By Langar. 1st dam the Balkan by 
 Blacklock ; 2d dam Mrs. Fry by Walton ; 3d dam Vourneen by 
 Sorcerer; 4th dam Tovee by Buzzard; 5tli dam Violet by 
 Shark ; Gth dam by Syphon ; 7th dam Quick's Charlotte by 
 Blank ; 8th dam by Crab, etc., etc. 
 
 Langar Mare, f., foaled 1837 or '38, bred by ; imported by 
 
 . By Langar. 1st dam by Blacklock; 2d dam Marchesa 
 
 (sister to My Lady) by Comus. (See My Lady.) 
 
 Langar Mare, b. f., foaled 1838, bred by Mr. Bowers ; imported 
 by J. M. Eouzan, Esq., Louisiana. By Langar. 1st dam by 
 Waxy, Lady Stafford's dam ; 2d dam Bizarre l^y Peruyian ; 3d 
 dam Violante by John Bull ; 4tli dam sister to Skyscraper by 
 Highflyer ; 5th dam Everlasting by Eclipse ; Gth dam Hyena 
 by Snap ; 7th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus. 
 
 L'Anglaise, b. f., foaled 1859, by Hobbie Noble, bred by Her 
 Majesty, Hampton Court; imported by Messrs. Dudley & 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 
 
 619 
 
 Bruce, agents of Kentucky Importing Company, 1860. The 
 property of J. S. Watson, Esq., Valley Brook Farm, K J. 1st 
 dam Peri by Irisli Birdcatcher ; 2d dam Perdita by Langar ; 3d 
 dam Delenda by Gohanna ; 4tb dam Carthage by Driver (sister 
 to Hannibal); 5th dam Fractious by Mercury; 6th dam by 
 Woodpecker; 7th dam Everlasting by Echpse (dam of Sky- 
 scraper; 8th dam Hyena by Snap; 9th dam Miss Belsea by 
 Eegulus; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 11th dam by Honey- 
 wood's Arabian ; 12th dam Byerly mare (dam of the two True 
 Blues). 
 
 LAPDoa Mare, b, f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. E. Prince; imported 
 by Col. Singleton, South Carolina. By Lapdog. 1st dam Mis- 
 chance by Merlin; 2d dam by Haphazard; 3d dam Web by 
 Waxy, etc., etc. (See Glencoe.) 
 
 Lapdog Mare, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Lowther ; imported 
 by Drs. Nott & Feme into Mobile, Ala. By Lapdog. 1st dam 
 Pomona by Vespasian ; 2d dam by Walton ; 3d dam Young 
 Giantess by Diomed; 4tli dam Giantess by Matchem; 5tli dam 
 Molly Long-legs by Babraham ; 6th dam by Cole's Fox Hunter ; 
 7th dam Partner ; 8th dam Eoxana by the Bald Galloway ; 9th 
 dam sister to Chanter by the Ankaster Turk; 10th dam by 
 Leedes' Arabian ; lltli dam by Spanker. 
 
 Likeness, ch. t, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Batson ; imported by A. 
 J. Davie, North Carolina. By Sir Peter Lely. She was trained 
 and run in the United States with some success by E. H. Long, 
 Esq., Alabama. 1st dam Worthless by Walton ; 2d dam Altisi- 
 dora by Dick Andrews ; 3d dam Mundane by Pot-8-o's ; 4th 
 dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker; 5th dam Camilla by 
 Trentham; 6th dam Coquette by Compton Barb; 7th dam 
 sister to Eegulus by Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Lilly, b. f , foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty ; imported by Col. 
 Wade Hampton, South Carolina. Given to Col. Fludd. By 
 The Colonel. 1st dam Fleur de Lis by Bourbon; 2d dam 
 Lady Eachael by Stamford ; 3d dam Young Eachael by Volun- 
 teer. (See imported Sovereign.) 
 
 Little Jane, b. f., foaled 1840, bred by Mr. J. Osborne ; imported 
 
 by . By Liverpool or The Mole. 1st dam by Cerberus ; 
 
 2d dam Diana by Kill Devil ; 3d dam by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam 
 Maid of all Work by Highflyer; 5th dam sister to Tandem by 
 
620 THE HORSE. 
 
 Syphon ; Gtli dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Snip ; 8th dam by 
 Cottingham ; 9th dam Warlock Galloway by Snake. 
 
 LOTTEET Mare, b. f., foaled 1832, bred byMr. Kirby; imported 
 into South Carolina; owned by Col. Singleton. By Lottery. 
 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam by Bay Trophonius ; 3d dam by 
 Slope; 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske; 5th dam by Cade ; 
 6tli dam Beaufremont's dam by brother to Fearnought, etc. 
 
 Lottery Mare, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. J. Eichardson, of 
 New York; imported by Eezin D. Shepherd, Esq., Virginia; 
 owned by Henry Shepherd, Esq. By Lottery. 1st dam sister 
 to Goshawk by Merlin ; 2d dam Coquette by Dick Andrews. 
 (See Gabriella.) 
 
 LOUF Garou Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by Loup Garou, bred by Mr. 
 Simpson Diss, Cambridgeshire ; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dud- 
 ley & Bruce, agents of Kentucky Company. Lately the prop- 
 erty of D. F. Kenner, Louisiana. 1st dam Kitty Fishington by 
 Amphion ; 2d dam Shield by Defence ; 3d dam Arabella by The 
 Colonel ; 4th dam Isabella by Comus ; 5th dam Shepherdess by 
 Shuttle ; 6th dam by Buzzard ; 7th dam Ann of the Forest by 
 King Fergus ; 8th dam Miss West by Matchem ; 9th dam by 
 Eegulus; 10th dam by Crab; 11th dam by Childers; 12th dam 
 by Basto. 
 
 LtjCious, br. f., foaled 1856, bred at the Swalcliffe stud ; imported 
 into Boston, Mass., 1860 ; covered by Wild Dayrell. By Sweet- 
 meat. 1st dam Kilmeny by Picaroon ; 2d dam Brandy Snap by 
 Muley Moloch ; 3d dam Belinda by Blacklock ; 4th dam Wag- 
 tail by Prime Minister ; 5th dam by Orville ; 6th dam Miss 
 Grimstone by Weasel ; 7th dam by Ancaster ; 8 th dam by Da- 
 mascus Arabian ; 9th dam by Sampson ; 10th dam by Oroo- 
 noko ; 11th dam Sophia (sister to Mirza). 
 
 Lucy, b. f , foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Bolton King ; imported by Col. 
 Wade Hampton, South Carolina (covered by Camel before leav- 
 ing England), 1837. By Cain. 1st dam by Bustard (son of 
 Castrel); 2d dam by Walton; 3d dam Gipsey by Guildford; 
 4th dam America by Imperator, etc., etc. 
 
 Luna, b. f., foaled 1824, bred by Mr. James Moon ; sent to America, 
 1839 ; covered by Onus. By AVanderer. 1st dam by Canopus ; 
 2d dam by Teddy-the-Grinder; 3d dam by Precipitate; 4th 
 dam by Pumpkin. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 631 
 
 LuELiNE, br. f., foaled 18G0, bred by Mr. Hilton; imported into 
 Nova Scotia, 1865; covered by Diopliautus. By Gemma di 
 Vergy : dam Eepartee by Pantaloon ; 2d dam Eetort by Camel ; 
 3d dam Banter by Master Henry ; 4th dam Bodicea by Alexan- 
 der ; 5tli dam Brunette by Amarantlius ; 6th dam Mayfly by 
 Matchem ; 7th dam by Ancaster Starling ; 8th dam by Grass- 
 hopper; 9th dam by Newton's Arabian; lOtli dam by Pert; 
 11th dam by St. Martin ; 12 th dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian ; 
 13th dam the Oldfield mare. 
 
 Madcap, b. f., foaled 1793, bred by Mr. 0. Kelly; imported into the 
 United States in 1794, by Col. Tayloe, Virginia. By Anvil. 
 1st dam Madcap by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Blank ; 3d dam by 
 Blaze ; 4th dam by Young Greyhound ; 5th dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb. 
 
 Maggy Lauder, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by Cap- 
 tain Campbell. By Cripple. Eirst dam Lord D'Arcy's Eoyal 
 mare. 
 
 Maid of Honor, b. f., yearling, bred by Her Majesty, at Hampton 
 Court, foaled 1864 ; imported by K. W. Cameron, Esq., New 
 York. By Newminster. 1st dam Himalaya .(darn of Imaus 
 and Hydaspes) by Bay Middleton ; 2d dam Moodkee by Ven- 
 ison ; 3d dam Young Defiance by Saracen ; 4th dam Defiance 
 by Eubens' dam of Defence, Delight, Dauntless and Design ; 
 5th dam Little Folly by Highland Fling (dam of Eliza and 
 Triumph) ; 6th dam Harriet by Volunteer (dam of Usquebaugh 
 and Flash) ; 7th dam Lady Sarah's dam by Alfred ; 8th dam 
 Magnolia by Marske; 9th dam by Babraham; 10th dam by 
 Sedbury ; 11th dam by Childers. 
 
 Maid of Orleans, b. f., foaled 1840, bred by ; imported by 
 
 ; owned, 1843, by J. W. Walsh, Esq. By Stockport. 
 
 1st dam sister to Ellis by Langar ; 2d dam Olympia by Sir 
 Oliver ; 3d dam Scotilla by Anvil ; 4th dam Scota by Eclipse ; 
 5tli dam by Herod ; 6th dam Eutilia by Blank ; 7tli dam by 
 Eegulus ; 8th dam by Soreheels ; 9th dam by Makeless ; 10th 
 dam Christopher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. 
 
 Maid of Eoyston, foaled 1864, bred by Mr. Kruckenberg; imported 
 into Canada 1868; covered by Claret. By Knight of the Kars : 
 dam Henham Lass by The Flying Dutchman ; 2d dam La 
 Bonne by Alpheus ; 3d dam Boarding School Miss by Plenipo- 
 tentiary ; 4th dam Marpessa by Mulcy ; 5th dam Clare by Mar- 
 
623 THE HORSE. 
 
 mion ; Gth dam Harpalice by Gohauna ; 7th dam Amazon by 
 Driver ; 8th dam Fractions by Mercury ; 9th dam by Wood- 
 pecker; 10th dam Everlasting byEcliiise; 11th dam Hyaena 
 by Snap; 12th dam Miss Belsea by Eegulus; 13th dam byBart- 
 lett's Cliilders ; 14th dam Byerly mare, dam of two True Bhies. 
 
 Maid of Wirrel, oh. f., foaled 1833, bred by Sir T. Stanly; im- 
 ported by . By Battledore. 1st dam Maid of Lord by 
 
 Castrel ; 2d dam by Richardson's Marske ; 3d dam by Rocking- 
 ham; 4tli dam Butterfly by Eclipse ; 5th dam by Lord Port- 
 more's Highlander; 6th dam by Babraham; 7th dam Puss by 
 Steady. 
 
 Malibrai^, ch. f., foaled , bred by Sir L. Glynn ; imported into 
 
 Alabama by E. H. Boardman, Esq. ; covered by Glaucus ; owned 
 by Charles McLaren, Alabama. By Muley. 1st dam Prima 
 Donna by Soothsayer ; 2d dam Tippitywitchet by AYaxy ; 3d 
 dam Hare by Sweetbriar; 4th dam by Justice; 5th dam by 
 Chymist; 6th dam by South; 7th dam sister to Sir James 
 Lowther's Babraham. 
 
 Mambrina, ch. f., foaled 1785, bred by Lord Grosvenor; imported 
 into South Carolina in 1787. By Mambrino. 1st dam sister to 
 Naylor's Sally by Blank ; 2d dam by Ward ; 3d dam by Mer- 
 lin ; 4tli dam by Pert ; 5th dam by St. Martin's. 
 
 Mambriko Mare, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Lord Fitzwilham ; 
 imjiorted into South Carolina by Mr. Porcher; owned by W. J. 
 Taylor, Esq. By Mambrino. 1st dam Clinkerina by Clinker; 
 2d dam Pewet by Tandem ; 8d dam Termagant by Tantrum ; 
 4th dam Cantatrice by Sampson ; 5th dam by Regulus ; 6th 
 dam Marske's dam by Hutton's Blacklegs. 
 
 Mango, ch. f., foaled 1836 ; imported in her dam's belly by H. & J. 
 Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn. By English Taurus. First dam 
 imported Pickle l)y Emelius. (See Pickle.) She ran in United 
 States successfully. 
 
 Mania, f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. ElHs ; imported into South Car- 
 olina ; owned by R. M. Deveaux. By Figaro. 1st dam Maniac 
 by Shuttle ; 2d dam Offa's Dyke's dam by Benningbrough ; 3d 
 dam Expectation by Herod ; 4tli dam by Skim ; 5th dam by 
 Janus ; 6th dam Spinster by Crab ; 7th dam the Widdrington 
 mare by Partner ; 8th dam sister to Squirrel's dam by Bloody 
 Buttocks; 9th dam by Greyhound; 10th dam by Makeless; 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 633 
 
 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam by Place's White Turk ; 13th 
 dam by Dodsworth ; 14th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 Marchesa, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported into 
 Louisiana, and owned by John Ronth, Esq. By Tramp. Dam 
 Marchesa (sister to My Lady) by Comus. (See My Lady.) 
 
 Margravine, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Arrowsmith ; imported 
 in foal to Langar, 1841, by J. M. Roiizan, Esq., New Orleans, 
 La. By Margrave (before his importation). 1st dam (sister to 
 Memnon) by Whisker; 2d dam Mannella by Dick Andrews; 
 3d dam Mandane by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Young Camilla by 
 Woodpecker. (See Likeness.) 
 
 Maria Black, br. £, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. W. Turner ; imported 
 by H. A. Tayloe, Louisiana ; owned by James L. Bradley, Esq., 
 Lexington, Ky. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam by Smolensko; 
 2d dam by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by Mambrino ; 4th dam Marigold 
 by Herod ; 5th dam Toy (sister to Pacolet) by Blank ; 6th dam 
 Whiteneck by Crab ; 7th dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 8th dam 
 by Conyer's Arabian ; 9th dam Curwen's Bay Barb ; 10th dam 
 by Marshall's Spot; 11th dam White-legged Chestnut Lowther 
 Barb ; 12th dam A^intner mare. 
 
 Marigold, ch. f., foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Yates; imported into 
 South Carolina. By Cain. 1st dam Matilda by Orville ; 2d dam 
 by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Matilda by Whisker ; 4th dam (sister to 
 Toby) by Highflyer ; 5th dam by Matchem ; 6th dam Dainty 
 Davy ; 7th dam by Son of Mogul ; 8th dam by Crab ; 9th dam 
 by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb. 
 
 Maritan-a, bl. f., foaled 1853, bred by ; imported into Canada 
 
 by Sheriff Grange. By Flatcatcher. 1st dam by Voltair; 2d 
 dam Eowena by . 
 
 Mary Gray, gr. f., foaled 1742, bred by Mr. Crofts ; imported into 
 the United States in 1746. By Roundhead. 1st dam Ringbone 
 by Crofts' Partner ; 2d dam by Crofts' Bay Barb ; 3d dam by 
 ]\Iakeless ; 4th dam by Brimmer ; 5th dam by Dicky Pierson ; 
 6th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Matilda Routh, b. f, foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Thornhill; im- 
 ported by ; oAvned by John Routh, Esq., Louisiana. By 
 
 Merchant. 1st dam Medelina (dam of Esprit and Muzee) by 
 Cervantes ; 2d dam Mary by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by Diomed ; 
 4th dam Desdemona by Marske ; 5th dam Young Hag by Skim ; 
 6th dam Hag by Crab ; 7th dam Ebony by Childers, etc. 
 
634 THE nOESE. 
 
 Maud, b. f., foaled 1859, by Stockwell ; bred by Lord Londesborough ; 
 imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, agents of the Kentucky 
 Importing Company. The property of John Hunter, Esq., 
 New York. 1st dam Countess of Albermarle by Lanercost; 
 2d dam (sister to Hornsea) by Velocipede ; 3d dam by Cereberus; 
 4th dam Miss Cranfield by Sir Peter Teazle ; 5th dam by 
 Pegasus ; 6th dam by Paymaster ; 7th dam Pomona by Herod ; 
 8th dam Caroline by Snap ; 9th dam by Kegulus ; 10th dam by 
 Hip; 11th dam Large Hartley, by Hartley's blind horse; 13th 
 dam Flying Whig by WiHiam's Woodstock Arabian ; 13th dam 
 by St. Victor Barb ; 14th dam by Why-not (a son of Fenwick 
 Barb) ; 15th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Medora (called also Pomona), b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Lord Fitz- 
 william ; imported into South Carolina by Col. Singleton. By 
 Chateau Margaux (before his importation). 1st dam Marianne 
 by Sorcerer ; 2d dam Thomasina by Tiraothy ; 3d dam Violet 
 by Shark ; 4th dam by Syphon ; 5th dam Charlotte by Blank ; 
 6th dam by Crab ; 7th dam by Dyer's Dimple ; ; 8th dam by 
 Why-not ; 9tli dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Meleose, f., foaled 1845, bred by Mr. Lane Fox; imported by A. 
 Kean Eichards, Scott county, Ky. By Melbourne. 1st dam 
 Clarkia by Muley Moloch ; 2d dam sister to Eighton, by Pal- 
 merin (son of Amadis, out of own sister to Orville) ; 3d dam 
 Oceana by Cerberus; 4tli dam by Benningbrough ; 5th dam 
 Jenny Mole by Carbuncle ; 6th dam by Prince T'Quassaw ; 7th 
 dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Partner. 
 
 Memxoit Maee, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Painter ; imported 
 
 by , in ship China, to Charleston, S. C. By Memnon. 
 
 1st dam Eleanor by Muley; 2d dam by Sancho; 3d dam by 
 Sir Harry; 4th dam by Florizel; 5th dam Nosegay by Justice; 
 6th dam Nosegay by Snap ; 7tli dam Flora by Young Cade ; 
 8th dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton ; 9th dam by Childers. 
 
 Meemaid, t, foaled , bred by Wm. Haxall, Virginia, who im- 
 ported her mother Promise. By Waxy. Dam imported 
 Promise by Buzzard (which see). 
 
 Meeet Lass (called also Lovely Lass), f. ; imported by Peter Ean- 
 dolph, Virginia. Pedigi-ee cannot be identified. 
 
 MiLLiNEE, b. f , foaled 1836, bred by Mr. Thornhill ; imported by 
 Col. Wade Hampton, S. C. By Merchant. 1st dam Surprise 
 by Scud; 2d dam Manfreda by Williamson's Ditto; 3d dam 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAKES. 625 
 
 Tawny bj Mentor ; 4tli dam Jemima by Satellite ; 5th dam 
 Waxy's dam (Maria) by Herod ; 6th dam Lisette by Snap ; 7th 
 dam Miss Windsor by Godolpliin Arabian ; 8th dam sister to 
 Wy^dll's Volunteer by Young Belgrave ; 9th dam by Bartlett's 
 Childers. 
 
 Miranda, b. f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Ryan ; imported by E. H. 
 Boardman, Huntsville, Ala., with br. filly, foal by Camel, and 
 covered by Glaucus. By Wofal. 1st dam by Benniugbrough ; 
 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 3d dam Wildgoose by 
 Highflyer; 4th dam Coheiress byPot-8-o's; 5tli dam Manilla 
 by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Mr. Goodrike's Old England mare. 
 
 Misfortune, by Pantaloon ; imported by Col. J. Hoomes, Virginia. 
 Died leaving no produce. 
 
 Miss Accident, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported 
 by J. G. Winter, Esq., Georgia. By Tramp. First dam Flor- 
 estine by Whisker. (See Florestine.) She was trained and ran 
 in America. 
 
 Miss Andrews, b. f, foaled 1826, bred by Lord Scarborough; im- 
 ported into Kentucky by Messrs. T. H. & H. Clay, Jr. By 
 Catton. 1st dam by Dick Andrews; 2d dam by Sir Peter; 3d 
 dam Play or Pay's dam by Herod ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th 
 dam Royal George's dam by Rib; 6th dam by Snake; 7th dam 
 by Coneyskins ; 8tli dam by Huttou's Barb. 
 
 Miss Bennington, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by 
 
 Dr. Wm. Thornton, Washington, D. C. By Escape. 1st dam 
 by Lord Percy's Ali-Bey; 2d dam by King Herod ; 3d dam by 
 Old Snap ; 4th dam (Chalkstone dam) by Crab ; 5th dam Miss 
 Meredith by Cade ; 6th dam Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's 
 Childers; 7tli dam Flying Whig by William's Woodstock 
 Arabian ; 8th dam by St. Victor Barb. 
 
 Miss Clinker, b. f , foaled 1835, bred and owned by Col. J. B. 
 Richardson, of South Carolina. By Humphrey Clinker. First 
 dam imported Mania by Figaro. (See Mania.) 
 
 Miss Colyille, f., said to have been the dam of Spark, who was 
 presented to Gov. Ogle, of Maryland, by Lord Baltimore, who 
 received her as a present from Frederick, Prince of Wales. By 
 Old Hautboy. First dam by Brimmer. Pedigree cannot be 
 authenticated from English Stud Book. Spark by Honey- 
 VoL. I.— 40 
 
626 THE HORSE. 
 
 comb Punch. Miss Colville imported by Col. Colville, Virginia, 
 and named in tliis country. 
 
 Miss GoLBOURisr, br. f., foaled 1831',. bred by Mr. E. Turner; im- 
 ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., in foal to 
 Langar. By Lottery. Miss Golbourn was killed by lightning, 
 August, 1844. 1st dam The Nun by Blacklock ; 2d dam by 
 Whisker; 3d dam by Orville ; 4th dam Otteriugton's dam. 
 (See The Nun's daughter.) 
 
 Miss Eockikgham, br. f., foaled 1839, bred by Mr. Theobald; im- 
 ported by M. M. Rawlings, Esq. By Eockingham. 1st dam 
 by Don Cossxck ; 2d dam by Sorcerer ; 3d dam by Justice ; 4th 
 dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's ; 5th dam Lady Bolingbroke by 
 Squirrel; 6th dam Cy[3ron by Blaze; 7tli dam Selima by 
 Bethel's Arabian ; 8th dam by Graham's Champion ; 9tli dam 
 by Barley's Arabian ; lOtli dam by Merlin. 
 
 Miss Eose, b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Mr. Moss ; imported by E. D. 
 Shepherd, Virginia, 1834. By Tramp. 1st dam by Sancho ; 
 2d dam Blacklock's dam by Coriander ; 3d dam Wildgoose by 
 Highflyer; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's; 5th dam Manilla 
 by Goldfinder ; 6th dam Old England mare by Old England ; 
 7th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 8th dam Miss Cade by Cade ; 9th 
 dam Miss Makeless by son of Greyhound out of Farewell ; 10th 
 dam by Partner; 11th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 
 12th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 13th dam Desdemona's dam by 
 Makeless. 
 
 Miss Susan Dodge, b. f., foaled 1836 ; imported into Alabama, 
 and owned by Col. John Crowell. By Tramp. First dam by 
 Whisker. 
 
 Miss West, ch. f., foaled 1822, bred by Mr. C. Day; imported by 
 Messrs. Ogden & Corbin. By Eubens. 1st dam Snowdrop by 
 Highland Fling; 2d dam Daizy by Buzzard; 3d dam Tulip by 
 Damper ; 4th dam by Eclipse ; 5th dam Earity by Matchem. 
 
 Miss Windmill, by Highflyer in England ; imported by Col. J. 
 Hoomes, Virginia. Died leaving no produce. 
 
 Moll Brazen, gr. f., foaled 1761, bred by Mr. Hodgson, of Tod- 
 caster, in Yorkshire ; imported before the Eevolution by Henry 
 Mitchell, Esq., Virginia. By Cub (son of Old Fox). 1st dam 
 by Torrismond ; 2d dam by Second ; 3d dam by Mogul; 4th 
 dam by Sweepstakes; 5th dam by Bay Bolton; 6th dam by 
 
LIST OF lilPOKTED MAllES. 637 
 
 Cnrwen's Bay Barb ; 7th clam by Curwen's Old Spot ; 8tli dam 
 by White-legged Lowther Barb. 
 
 Moll ix the Wad, foaled 17&7, bred by Sir F. Stan dish; imported 
 by Col. John Tayloe, Virginia, or Col. John Hoomes. By Sir 
 Peter Teazle. 1st dam Yellow Mare by Tandem; 2d dam 
 Perdita by Herod ; 3d dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 4th dam 
 by Forester ; 5th dam by Partner ; 6tli dam by Crofts' Bay 
 Barb ; 7th dam by Makeless ; 8th dam by Brimmer ; 9th dam 
 by son of Dodsworth ; 10th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 MoiSTKET Mare, b. f., foaled , bred by Sir John Eamsden, Bart. ; 
 
 imported into Virginia by Col. John Hoomes, Bowling Green. 
 By Monkey. 1st dam by Lonsdale, black Arabian ; 2d dam by 
 Lonsdale, bay Arabian ; 3d dam by Coneyskins ; 4tli dam by 
 Dodsworth ; 5th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Mulatto Mare, b. f., foaled 1854, bred by Lord Fitzwilliams ; im- 
 ported into the United States about 1835 or '6. By Mulatto. 
 1st dam Leonella by Cervantes ; 2d dam Sally by Sir Peter ; 
 3d dam by Diomed ; 4th dam Desdemona by Marske ; 5th dam 
 Young Hag by Skim ; Gth dam by Crab ; 7th dam by Childers. 
 
 Mulatto Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Lord Stanley ; imported 
 into South Carolina by Mr. Porcher and sold to P. McEea. By 
 Mulatto. 1st dam Olinda by The Colonel; 2d dam Linda by 
 Waterloo; 3d dam Cresida by Whiskey (dam of Priam, see 
 him). 
 
 My Lady, b. f , foaled 1818, bred by Mr. Wyville ; imported by Mr. 
 Corbin, Virginia, about 1836. By Comus. 1st dam the Colo- 
 nel's dam by Delpini ; 2d dam Tipple Cider by King Fergus ; 
 3d dam Sylvia by Young Marske ; 4tli dam Ferret by brother 
 to Silvio (son of St. George) ; 5th dam by Eegulus ; 6tli dam 
 by Lord Moreton's Arabian ; 7tli dam by Mixbury ; 8th dam 
 by Mulso Bay Turk ; 9th dam by Bay Bolton ; 10th dam by 
 Coneyskins; 11th dam by Hutton's Grey Barb; 12tli dam by 
 Byerly Turk ; 13th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Myrtle, ch. f , foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Theobald ; imported by 
 Messrs. H. & J. Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn., 1836. By Mama- 
 luke (winner of Derby, 1827; 2d in St. Leger same year). 1st 
 dam Bobadilla by Bobadil. (Bobadilla won gold Cup at Ascot, 
 and Drawing-room Stakes at Goodwood, 1828) ; 2d dam Pytho- 
 ness by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Princess by Sir Peter ; 4th dam by 
 Dungannon ; 5th dam by Turf; 6th dam by Herod ; 7th dam 
 
C28 THE HORSE. 
 
 Golden Grove by Blank; 8tli dam Spinster (the Widdrington 
 mare) by Crofts' Partner ; 9th dam Bay Bloody Buttocks by 
 Bloody Buttocks ; 10th dam by Greyhound ; 11th dam by Make- 
 less ; 12th dam by Brimmer ; loth dam by Place's White Turk ; 
 14th dam by Dodsworth ; 15th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Nameless, b. f., foaled 1825, bred by Mr. Alanson ; imported into 
 New York, 1829, by Charies Green, Esq. By Filho-da-Puta. 
 1st dam sister to Eosetta by Young Woodpecker; 2d dam 
 Equity by Dungannon ; 3d dam by Justice; 4th dam by Eegu- 
 lus ; 5th dam by Starling ; 6tli dam Snap's dam by Fox ; 7th 
 dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton, etc. 
 
 Naistgy Btwell, b. f., foaled about 1761, bred by Mr. Hopper; im- 
 ported by Mr. Mitchell, of Charles county, Md. ; owned by Col. 
 Lloyd. By Matchem (son of Cade). Her jDedigree cannot be 
 found in English Stud Book, but is doubtless correct. She 
 raced successfully in 1770, '1, '2 and '3, and is the only nag 
 which ever beat Fitzhugh's Regulus and De Lancy's Lath. 1st 
 dam by Goliah (son of Old Fox). 2d dam by Eed Eose ; 3d 
 dam by Curwen's Old Spot ; 4th dam by Hip ; 5th dam by 
 Dodsworth ; 6th dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 Nanny Kilham, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. L. Hesseltine; im- 
 ported by Hugh & John Kirkman, Nashville, Tenn. In foal 
 to The Saddler. By Voltair. Died 1854, the property of Gen. 
 W. G. Harding. 1st dam Bolus' dam by Comus; 2d dam 
 Lisette by Hambletonian ; 3d dam Constantia (sister to Game- 
 nut) by Walnut ; 4th dam Contessina by Young Marske ; 5th 
 dam Tuberose by Herod; 6th dam by Starling; 7th dam 
 Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Counsellor; 
 9th dam by Snake; 10th dam by Luggs; 11th dam by Davill's 
 Old Woodcock. 
 
 Nell Gwynn, b. £, foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Meynell; imported 
 by Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss. In foalto Eowton. By 
 Tramp. 1st dam by Benningbrough ; 2d dam sister to Star by 
 Highflyer ; 3d dam by Snap ; 4th dam Eiddle by Matchem ; 
 5th dam by Squirt ; 6th dam Lot's dam by Mogul ; 7th dam 
 Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam Old Lady by PuUein's Chest- 
 nut Arabian ; 9th dam by Eockwood ; lOtli dam by Bustler. 
 
 Nellie James, ch. f., foaled 1867 ; imported by Mr. A. Belmont, 
 New York. By Dollar. 1st dam Fleur des Champs (Dollar 
 
LIST or IMPOETED MAEES. 629 
 
 by Flnng Dutchman, out of Payment by Slane) ; 2d dam Ee 
 ceipt by Eowton. (See Fleur des Champs.) 
 
 Netty, ch. f., foaled 1831, bred by Mr. Moss ; imported into Vir- 
 ginia by . By Velocipede. 1st dam Miss Eose by 
 
 Tramp ; 2d dam by Sancho ; 3d dam Blacklock's dam by Cori- 
 ander ; 4th dam Wildgoose by Highflyer ; 5th dam Coheiress 
 by Pot-8-o's ; 6th dam Manilla by Goldfinder ; 7th dam Mr. 
 Goodricke's Old England mare. 
 
 NoETHUMBEELAND Maee, foaled , bred by ; owned by 
 
 Col. Thompson, New York. By Northumberland. 1st dam 
 by Snap ; 2d dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; 3d dam by New- 
 castle Turk ; 4th dam by Byerly Turk. 
 
 Novelty, br. f,, foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Watt; imported by Capt. 
 W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss., 1836. In foal to English Saddler. 
 Died 1840. By Blacklock. 1st dam Washerwoman by Walton ; 
 2d dam L'Huile de Venus by Whiskey ; 3d dam by Pot-S-o's ; 
 4th dam Maid of all Work by Highflyer; 5th dam sister to 
 Tandem by Sj^ahon ; 6th dam by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Snip. 
 
 Novice, b. f., foaled 1846, bred by Mr. Hussey ; owned, 1847, by Mr. 
 Samuel Fitzgerald, New York. By Cotherstone. 1st dam The 
 Abbess by Eanyilles ; 2d dam Zeal by Partizan ; 3d dam Zaida 
 by Sir Peter; 4th dam Alexina by King Fergus; 5th dam 
 Lardella by Young Marske ; 6th dam by Cade ; 7th dam Beau- 
 fremont's dam by brother to Fearnought; 8th dam Miss Wind- 
 ham by Windham ; 9th dam by Belgrade Turk ; 10th dam by 
 Makeless ; 11th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Nun's Daughtee, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. E. Turner; im- 
 ported by E, H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Filo-da-Puta. 
 1st dam The Nun by Blacklock; 2d dam by Whisker; 3d dam 
 by Orville ; 4th dam Otterington's dam by Expectation ; 5th 
 dam Calabria by Spadille ; Gth dam Grog's dam by Alfred ; 7th 
 dam by Locust ; 8th dam by Changeling ; 9th dam by Cade. 
 
 Octavius Maee, b. f., foaled 1827, bred by Lord Scarborough ; im- 
 ported into America, 1832; covered by Catton. By Octavius. 
 1st dam by Whisker ; 2d dam by Orville ; 3d dam Ottering- 
 ton's dam by Expectation ; 4th dam Calabria by Spadille ; 5th 
 dam Grog's dam by Alfred ; 6th dam by Locust ; 7th dam by 
 Changeling; 8th dam by Cade. 
 
 Olympus Filly, br. f., foaled 1835, bred by Sir J. Gerard ; im- 
 joorted by Capt. Langford into Alabama. By Olympus. ]st 
 
630 THE HORSE. 
 
 dam Sarah by "Wliisker ; 2d dam Jenny Wren by Young Wood- 
 pecker ; 3d dam Lady Cow by John Bull ; 4th dam by Drone ; 
 
 5 th dam Lardella by Young Marske. 
 
 Olympus Mare, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by R Turner, Esq. ; im- 
 ported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. By 
 Olympus. 1st dam Caifacaratadadera by Walton ; 2d dam by 
 Pipator; 3d dam byDelpini; 4th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 
 5th dam by Starling; 6th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's 
 Childers. 
 LYMPUS Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Worthington ; im- 
 ported into Charleston, S. C, 1839, by Messrs. Elliott, Condy 
 
 6 Daw. By Olympus. Weatherly gives the foal to Bustard 
 mare, 1837, as a male, but presume it is an error. 1st dam by 
 Bustard ; 2d dam General Mina's dam by Williamson's ditto ; 
 3d dam Young Eachael by Volunteer; 4th dam Kachael by 
 Highflyer; 5th dam sister to Tandem by Syphon; 6th dam by 
 Kegulus ; 7th dam by Snip. 
 
 Only That, br. f , foaled 1830, bred by Sir J. Gerard ; imported by 
 
 . By Partizan. 1st dam Scribe by Woful; 2d dam 
 
 Scratch by Selim ; 3d dam by Haphazard ; 4th dam by Pre- 
 cipitate ; 5 th dam Colibri by AYoodpecker. 
 
 Orleaka, b. f, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. No well; imported by 
 Capt. W. J. Minor, Natchez, Miss. By Bustard. 1st dam 
 Laureola by Orville ; 2d dam Laurel-leaf by Stamford ; 3d dam 
 sister to Druid by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Maid of the Oaks by 
 Herald ; 5tli dam Earity by Matchem ; 6th dam Snapdragon 
 by Snap; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the two 
 True Blues. 
 
 Orphan, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Painter; imported by Mr. 
 J. L. Lewis, New Orleans, La. In foal to Dick. By Belzoni. 
 Dam Leviathan's dam by Windle. (See Leviathan.) 
 
 Oryille Marl, b. f., foaled 1815, bred by Gen. G. L. Gower ; im- 
 ported by Messrs. Elliott, Condy & Daws. In foal to English 
 horse Shrigley. By Orville. 1st dam Mirth by Trumpator ; 
 2d dam Hoity Toity by Highflyer; 3d dam by Goldfinder; 4th 
 dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 5th dam Cj'pron the dam 
 of King Herod. 
 
 Oscar Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported by Thomas 
 
 Norfleet, Virginia. By Oscar, before his importation. 1st 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 631 
 
 dam Melissa by Trumpator ; 2d dam Seafowl (sister to Seagull) 
 by Woodpecker ; 3d dam Middlesex by Snap ; 4tli dam Miss 
 Cleveland by Eegulus; 5tli dam Midge by son of Bay Bolton; 
 6th dam by Bartlett's Cbilders ; 7tli dam by Honeywood's 
 Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Oyer Cast, br. f., foaled 1861, bred by Mr. Farrow; imported into 
 Xova Scotia 1865 ; covered by Diophantus. By Tadmor. Dam 
 by Falstafi ; 2d dam sister to Pompey by Emilins ; 3d dam Varia- 
 tion by Bustard; 4th dam Johanna Southcote by Beuning- 
 l)rough ; 5th dam Lavinia by Pipator ; 6th dam by Highflyer ; 
 7th dam by Cardinal Puff; 8th dam by Tatler ; Otli dam by Snip; 
 10th dam by Godolphin Arabian; 11th dam l)y Frampton's 
 Whiteneck; 13th dam by Pelhani Barb. 
 
 Pacolet Mare (called Molly Pacolet), f., foaled 1768, bred by 
 Duke of Ancaster. Said to have been imported into Pennsyl- 
 vania by Mr. Hiltzheimer, Philadelphia. By Pacolet. 1st dam 
 Whiteneck by Crab ; 2d dam by Godolphin Arabian ; 3d dam 
 by Conyer's Arabian ; 4th dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5th 
 dam by Marshall's Spot; 6th dam by White-legged Chestnut 
 Lowther Barb ; 7tli dam Vintner mare. 
 
 Paxola, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by ; imported by Lucius 
 
 J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By Muley. 1st dam by Comus ; 2d 
 dam by Election ; 3d dam Fair Helen by Hambletonian. (See 
 imported Margrave's pedigree.) 
 
 Paymaster Mare, f,, foaled 17 — , bred by ; imported by Dr. 
 
 Norris; owned by Col. Smock. By Paymaster. 1st dam by 
 Highflyer ; 2d dam by Snip ; 3d dam Miss Cranbourne by Go- 
 dolphin Arabian ; 4th dam Miss Western by Sedbury ; 5th 
 dam Mother Western by Smith's Son of Snake ; 6th dam by 
 Montagu ; 7th dam by Hautboy ; 8th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Peggy, b. f., foaled 1788, bred by Lord Clermont; imported by 
 Col. John Tayloe, Virginia. By Trumpator. Many of the 
 best racers in America descended from this mare. 1st dam 
 Peggy (sister to Postmaster) by Herod; 2d dam by Snap; 3d 
 dam by Gower Stallion ; 4th dam by Cbilders. 
 
 Penelope, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Col. White; imported by 
 Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina, 1839. By Plenipoten- 
 tiary. 1st dam Brazil by Ivanhoe ; 2d dam Velvet by Oiseau ; 
 3d dam Wire (sister to Webb) by Waxy. (See Eachel and Eid- 
 dlesworih.) 
 
632 THE HOESE. 
 
 Peka (sister to Galuta), b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Lord Exeter ; im- 
 ported into Virginia by Dr. A. T. B. Merritt. By Sultan. 1st 
 dam Advance by Pioneer; 2d dam by Buzzard ; 3d dam sister 
 to Champion by Pot-8-o's ; 4tli dam Huncamunca by Higli- 
 flyer; 5th dam Cypher by Squirrel; 6th dam by Eegulus; 7th 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 
 9th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Peect Maeb, br. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. G. Clark; sold to go 
 to America. By Percy. 1st dam by Orville; 2d dam by 
 Pipator. 
 
 Petwoeth, ch. f., foaled 1796, bred by Lord Egremont; imported 
 to Virginia by Hon. John Tayloe. By Dragon, 1st dam 
 Everlasting by Eclipse ; 2d dam Hysena by Snap ; 3d dam Miss 
 Belsea by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 5th dam 
 by Honeywood's Arabian; 6th dam, dam of the two True 
 Blues. 
 
 Petee Lelt Maee (sister to Fernhurst), ch. f., foaled 1833, bred by 
 Mr. R Turner ; imported by E. H. Boardmau, Esq., Huntsville, 
 Ala. By Sir Peter Lely. 1st dam (sister to Sophy) by Comus ; 
 2d dam by Camillus ; 3d dam Helen by Delpini ; 4th dam 
 Rosalind by Phcsnomenon ; 5th dam Atalanta by Matchem; 
 6th dam Lass of the Mill by Oroonoko; 7th dam by Old 
 Traveler ; 8th dam Miss Makeless by Young Greyhound ; 9th 
 dam by Old Partner ; 10th dam Miss Doe's dam by Woodcock ; 
 11th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb, etc. 
 
 Phantomia, b. f., foaled , bred by ; imported by Gov. 
 
 Jas. Barbour, Virginia, 1829; covered by Camel. By Phantom. 
 1st dam by Walton ; 2d dam Allegranti by Pegasus ; 3d dam 
 Orange-squeezer by Highflyer; 4th dam Mop-squeezer by 
 Matchem ; 5th dam Lady by Turner's Sweepstakes ; 6th dam 
 Shuttle and Syphon's dam by Patriot ; 7th dam by Crab ; 8th 
 dam (sister to Sloven) by Bay Bolton; 9th dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb; 10th dam by Spot; 11th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb ; 12th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Philadelphia, b. £, foaled 1808, bred by Mr. Dundas; imported by 
 Hon. John Randolph, Roanoke, Va. By Washington. 1st dam 
 Miss Totteridge by Dungannon ; 2d dam Marcella by Mambrino ; 
 3d dam Medea by Sweetbriar; 4th dam Angelica by Snap; 5th 
 dam by Regulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 7th dam by 
 Honevwood's Arabian : 8th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 633 
 
 PiccOLiisrA, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Sir Gr. Heatlicote ; imported 
 by W. B. Scott, Petersburgb, Va. By Partizan. She died on 
 the passage to America. 1st dam Espagnolle by Orville ; 2d 
 dam Barrosa by Vermin; 3d dam Nike by Alexander; 4th dam 
 Nimble by Florizel; 5th dam Eantipole by Blank; 6th dam 
 Joan (sister to Careless by Eegulus). (See Alarm.) 
 
 Pickle, b. £, foaled 1831, bred by Mr. Gully; imported by James 
 Jackson and T. Kirkman, Esqrs., Alal)ama. In foal to Taurus. 
 By Emelius. 1st dam Mustard by Mcrhn ; 2d dam Morel by 
 Sorcerer ; 3d dam Hornl)y Lass by Buzzard ; 4th dam Puzzle 
 by Matchem ; 5th dam Princess by Herod ; 6th dam by Blank ; 
 7th dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 8th dam Bonny Lass by 
 Bay Bolton; 9th dam by Darley Arabian; 10th dam by Byerly 
 Turk; 11th dam by Taflfolet Barb; 12th dam by Place's White 
 Turk ; 13tli dam Natural Barb mare. 
 
 Pirouette, ch. f., foaled 1829, bred by Sir T. Mostyn ; imported by 
 Mr. F. P. Corbin, Virginia. By Teniers. She ran in United 
 States. 1st dam Mercandotte by Muley ; 2d dam Petworth by 
 Precipitate ; 3d dam by Woodpecker ; 4th dam (sister to Juni- 
 per) by Snap ; 5th dam Young Marske's dam by Blank ; 6th 
 dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 7th dam Miss ]\Ieynell 
 by Partner; 8th dam by Greyhound; 9th dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb. 
 
 Placentia, b. f., foaled 1813, bred by Gen. Grosyenor; imported 
 from Gibraltar; owned by Charles H. Hall, New York. By 
 Dick Andrews. Died 1821. 1st dam Azalia by Benning- 
 brough ; 2d dam Gilliflower by Highflyer ; 3d dam by Gold- 
 finder; 4tli dam (sister to Grasshopper) byMarske; 5th dam 
 by Cullen Arabian; 6th dam Blackeyes by Eegulus; 7th dam 
 Eouth's Blackeyes by Crab; 8th dam Warlock Galloway by 
 Snake. 
 
 Pledge, ch. f., foaled 1826, bred by , at Farnsfield ; imported 
 
 by L. J. Polk, Tennessee. Covered by the Colonel. By Filho- 
 da-Puta. 1st dam by Comus ; 2d dam (sister to Zodiac) by St. 
 George ; 3d dam Abigail by Woodpecker ; 4th dam Firetail by 
 Eclipse; 5th dam by Blank; 6th dam by Cade; 7th dam 
 Spectator's dam by Partner; 8tli dam Bonuy Lass by Bay 
 Bolton, etc. (See Plenty.) 
 
 Plenty, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Thornhill; imported by E. 
 IL Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. In foal to English St. 
 
634 
 
 THE HOESE. 
 
 Patrick. By Emeliiis. 1st dam Mangel Wurzel by Merlin; 
 2d dam Morel by Sorcerer ; 3d dam Hornby Lass by Buzzard ; 
 4tli dam Puzzle by Matchem; 5tli dam Princess by Herod; 
 6tli dam Julia by Blank ; 7tli dam Spectator's dam by Partner ; 
 8tli dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton ; 9tli dam by Darley's 
 Arabian; 10th dam by Byerly Turk; lltli dam by TafFolet 
 Barb; 12tli dam by Place's White Turk; 13tli dam Natural 
 Barb mare. 
 
 PoLEKTA, ch. f., foaled 1869, by Maccaroni, bred by Mrs. Wilkinson ; 
 imported by A. Belmont, Esq., in 1870. 1st dam (sister to 
 Donna del Lago) by Lord of the Isles; 2d dam Shot by Bird- 
 catcher ; 3d dam Wasp by Muley Moloch ; 4th dam by Emilius ; 
 5th dam Bee in a Bonnet by BJacklock ; 6tli dam Maniac by 
 Shuttle; 7th dam Anticipation by Bessingbrough ; 8th dam 
 Expectation by Herod ; 9tli dam by Skim ; 10th dam by 
 Janus; 11th dam Spinster by Crab; 12th dam Spinster (the 
 Widdrington mare) by Partner; 13tli dam (sister to Squin-el's 
 dam) by Bloody Buttocks ; 14th dam by Greyhound ; 15th dam 
 by Makeless; 16th dam by Brimmer; 17th dam by Place's 
 White Turk ; 18th dam by Dodworth ; 19th dam Layton Barb 
 mare. 
 
 Polly Hopkins, American bred, was sent to England and bred 
 there. She, with her produce, the property of Com. E. F. 
 Stockton, New Jersey, were brought back to United States. 
 By Virginian. 1st dam by imported Archduke; 2d dam by 
 imported Stirling ; 3d dam by imported Obscurity ; 4th dam 
 Old Slamerkin by imported Wildair ; 5th dam De Lancy's im- 
 ported Cub mare by Cub (which see). 
 
 Polly Moss, b. t, foaled 1835, bred by ; imported by E. 
 
 D. & Henry Shepherd, Shepherdstown, Va., 1837. By St. 
 Nicholas. 1st dam by Tramp; 2d dam by Sancho; 3d dam 
 Blacklock's dam by Coriander; 4th dam by Highflyer. (Sec 
 Sally of the Valley.) 
 
 Pomona, b. f., foaled about 1803 ; imported by Wm. Haxal], Esq., 
 Petersburgh, Va. By Worthy (brother to Waxy). 1st dam 
 Comedy by Buzzard ; 2d dam Huncamunca by Highflyer ; 3d 
 dam Cypher by Squirrel ; 4th dam Fribbles' dam by Eegulus ; 
 5th dam by Bartlett's Childers, etc., etc. 
 
 Pomona, b. f., foaled 1832, bred by Lord FitzwilHam ; sold to Col. 
 Singleton, of South Carolina, 1833. By Chateau Margaus. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 
 
 635 
 
 Isfc dam Marianne by Sorcerer; 2d dam Thomasina by Timothy; 
 3d dam Violet by Shark; 4th dam by Syphon; 5th dam Char- 
 lotte by Blank; 6th dam by Crab; 7tli dam by Dyer's Dimple; 
 8th dam by Why-not ; 9th dam Koyal mare. 
 
 PoppiNJAY Mare, b. f., foaled 1808, bred by Sir J. Shelly ; imported 
 by Hon. John Eandolph, Koanoke, Ya. By Popinjay. 1st dam 
 by Precipitate; 2d dam Fizzle's dam by Highflyer; 3d dam 
 TifiUny by Eclipse ; 4tli dam Laburnam's dam Young Hag by 
 Skim ; 5th dam Hag ])y Crab ; Ctli dam El^ony by Childers, etc. 
 
 Possession", b. f., foaled 1836, bred and imported by E. H. Boardmau, 
 Esq., into Alabama. By Bay Malton. 1st dam Polly Oliver by 
 Sir Oliver; 2d dam by Hambletonian; 3d dam Constantia by 
 Sir Peter ; 4th dam by Mungo ; 5th dam by Latham's Snap ; 
 Gth dam Sappho by Eegulus ; 7th dam Lodge's Roan mare by 
 Partner, etc. 
 
 PoTESTAS, f., foaled 1843, bred by Mr. Batson ; imported into E"evf 
 York, 1861, covered by a half-bred horse. By Plenipotentiary. 
 1st dam Acacia by Phantom ; 2d dam Augusta by Woful ; 3d 
 dam by Eubens; 4th dam Guildford Nan by Guildford; 5th 
 dam by Justice; 6tli dam Parsley by Pot-8-o's; 7th dam Lady 
 Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 8th dam Herod's dam by Blaze ; 9th 
 dam Selima by Bethel's Arabian ; 10th dam by Graham's 
 Champion ; 11th dam by Darley's Arabian ; 12tli dam by Merlin. 
 
 PoT-8-o's Mare (Constable's), ch. f., foaled 1792, bred by Lord 
 Grosvenor ; imported by William Constable, of New York. By 
 Pot-8-o's. 1st dam. by Gimcrack; 2d dam Snap Dragon by 
 Snap; 3d dam by Eegulus; 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 
 5th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 6th dam, dam of the tv/o 
 True Blues. 
 
 PoT-8-o's Mare (Bell's), foaled 1802, bred by ; imported into 
 
 Virginia about 1811 ; owned by Mr. Collen, Tarborough, North 
 Carolina. By Pot-8-o's. 1st dam by Pegasus; 2d dam by 
 Highflyer ; 3d dam Smalll^ones by Justice ; 4th dam by Panglos ; 
 5th dam Eiddle by the Wolesley Barb ; 6th dam Lady Augusta 
 by Spot; 7th dam by Crab; 8th dam (sister to Partuer) by 
 Jigg ; 9th dam (sister to Mixbury). 
 
 Precipitate Mare, b. f., foaled 1802, bred by Mr. Watt ; imported 
 by Mr. Parkinson, Virginia. By Precipitate. 1st dam by High- 
 flyer; 2d dam by Goldfinder; 3d dam Lady Bolingbroke by 
 
C36 THE HOESE. 
 
 Squirrel ; 4th dam (Herod's dam) by Blaze ; 5th dam SeHma 
 by Bethel's Arabian ; Gth dam by Graham's Champion ; 7tli 
 dam by Darley's Arabian ; 8th dam by Merlin. 
 
 Pkiam Mare, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty ; imported by 
 Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. By Priam (before his 
 importation). 1st dam (sister to Spermaceti) by Whalebone ; 
 2d dam (sister to Wanderer) by Gohanna; 3d dam Catherine 
 by Woodpecker ; 4th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 5th dam 
 Coquette by Compton Barb. 
 
 Priam Mare, or Betsey Eansom 2d (which see), ch. f., foaled 1836, 
 bred in England, and imported by K. L. Stevens, Esq., K^ew 
 York. By Priam (before his importation). Dam Betsey Ran- 
 som by Virginian ; bred in United States, but sent to England 
 to be bred. 
 
 Prima, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Lord Chesterfield; imported into 
 South Carolina, in ship China, 1848, in foal to English Dis- 
 count. By imported Priam. 1st dam Dahlia by Phantom; 
 2d dam by Waxy ; 3d dam Moses' dam by Gohanna ; 4tli dam 
 Grey Skim by Woodpecker; 5th dam Silver's dam by Herod; 
 Gth dam Young Hag by Skira. 
 
 Primula, f., foaled 1827, bred by Mr. Humble; imported by W. 
 H. & Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Virginia. By Cervantes. 1st dam 
 Cowslijo by Cockfighter; 2d dam Brown Javelin by Javelin; 
 3d dam Young Maiden by Highflyer; 4tli dam Maiden by 
 Matchem; 5th dam by Squirt; Gth dam (Lot's dam) by 
 Mogul; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 8th dam Old Lady 
 by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian; Gth dam by Rockv/ood; 10th 
 dam by Bustler. 
 
 Primrose, f , foaled and imported, before the Revolution, into Vir- 
 ginia. By Wyville Belgrade Turk. Enghsh Racing Calendar, 
 174G. 1st dam by Lord D'Arcy's Woodcock; 2d dam by a 
 Barb horse out of Barb mare. 
 
 Primrose, f., foaled 1821, bred by Mr. Humble ; imported by Lucius 
 J. Polk, Tennessee ; covered by English Glaucus. By Comus. 
 1st dam Cowslip by Cockfighter; 2d dam Brown Javelin by 
 Javelin ; 3d dam Young Maiden by Highflyer ; 4th dam Maiden 
 by Matchem ; 5th dam Mr. Pratt's celebrated mare by Squirt ; 
 Gth dam (Lot's dam) by Mogul ; 7th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 
 8th dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 9th dam by 
 Rockwood ; 10th dam by Bustler. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 
 
 637 
 
 Peomise, f., foaled 1803, bred by Mr. Goodisson ; imported by Wm. 
 Haxall, Esq., Petersburgb, Va. lu foal to English Waxy. By 
 Buzzard. 1st dam by Precipitate; 2d dam Lady Harriet by 
 Mark Antbony ; 3d dam Georgiana by Matchem ; 4tb dam by 
 Snap ; 5tb dam by CuUen Arabian ; Cth dam Grisewood's Lady 
 Thigli by Partner; 7th dam by Greyhound; 8th dam Sopho- 
 nisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 9th dam by Lord D'Arcy's 
 Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by Whiteshirt ; 11th dam Old 
 Montagu mare. 
 
 Peukella, ch. f, foaled 1833, bred by His Majesty William IV; 
 imported by Com. E. F. Stockton, New Jersey. By Comus. 
 1st dam by Partizan ; 2d dam Pawn by Trumpator ; 3d dam 
 Prunella by Highflyer; 4tb dam Promise by Snap; 5th dam 
 Julia by Blank ; 6th dam Spectator's dam by Partner, etc. 
 
 Psyche, gr. f., foaled 1802, bred by Lord Derby ; imported by Gen. 
 McPherson, South Carolina. By Sir Peter. 1st dam Bab by 
 Bourdeaux ; 2d dam Sperauza by Eclipse (sister to Saltram, 
 which see). 
 
 PuxcHiKELLA, f., foaled , bred by ; imported into Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, 1808. By Punch. IsTotbing is known of 
 this mare; her pedigree cannot be found in Weatherby. — 
 S. D. B. 1st dam by Craig's Highflyer ; 2d dam by Galloway's 
 Sclim. 
 
 Pussy, b. f, foaled 18G4, bred by Mr. Goodchild; imported and 
 owned by E. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stud Farm, Staten 
 Island, N. Y. By Diophantus. 1st dam Agajoemone (sister to 
 Aphrodite) by Bay Middleton; 2d dam Venus by Sir Hercules; 
 3d dam Echo byEmelius; 4th dam by Scud or Pioneer; 5th 
 dam Canary Bird by Whiskey or Sorcerer ; Cth dam Canary 
 by Coriander; 7th dam Miss Greeu by Highflyer; 8th dam 
 Harriet by Matchem ; 9th dam Flora by Eegulus ; lOtli dam 
 by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by 
 Belgrade Turk. Stinted to Skirmisher. 
 
 QuEEJf Ai^N, bl. f., foaled 1840, bred by . She was owned 
 
 and run in the United States by J. Chamliers, of Louisiana. 
 By Camel. Dam by Langar. Produce and balance of joedigree 
 unknown to author. — S. D. B. 
 
 QuEEiS' Mab, f., foaled and imported prior to the Eevolution by 
 Gov. Ogle. By Musgrove's Grey Arabian. 1st dam by Hamp- 
 ton Court Cbiklers; 2d dam by Gov. Harrison's Arabian; 3d 
 
C38 THE nOESE. 
 
 dam l)y Chestnut AraLiau ; 4th dam by Leedes ; 5th dam by 
 Barb maro Shtzey. 
 
 Queen, The, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty Wilham IV ; 
 imported by Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina. By 
 Priam, before his importation. Dam Delphine (imported) by 
 Whisker. (See Delphine.) She was trained and ran with suc- 
 cess in the United States. 
 
 Eabecca, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. C. Day; imported by John 
 C. Beasley, Esq., of Tennessee. By Godolphin. 1st dam 
 Jewess by Moses ; 2d dam Calendulae by Camerton ; 3d dam 
 Snowdrop by Highland Fling; 4th dam Daisy by Buzzard ; 5th 
 dam Tulip by Damper ; 6th dam by Eclipse ; 7th dam Earity 
 by Matchem; 8th dam Snapdragon by Snap; 9th dam by 
 Eegulus; 10th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 11th dam by Honey- 
 wood's Arabian ; 12tli dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Eachel, ch. f., foaled 1829, bred by Lord Jersey; imported by E. H. 
 Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Partizan. 1st dam Filagree 
 by Soothsayer; 2d dam Web (sister to Whisker) by W^axy; 
 3d dam Penelope by Trumpator. (See Eiddleswortli.) 
 
 Eadish, b. f., foaled 1787, bred by Lord Grosvenor ; imported into 
 
 United States by . By Pot-8-o's. 1st dam Earity by 
 
 Matchem; 2d dam Snapdragon by Snap; 3d dam by Eegulus; 
 4th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 5tli dam by Honeywood's Ara- 
 bian ; 6th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 EAVEiir's WiN-G, br. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Johnson ; imported 
 into New Orleans, 1838. Sold there to James Porter, Esq. 
 By Olympus. 1st dam Proserpine by Ehodamanthus ; 2d dam 
 by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Eaton Lass by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam by 
 Highflyer ; 5th dam by Snap ; 6th dam Chalkstone's dam by 
 Shepherd's Crab; 7th dam Miss Meredith by Cade ; 8th dam 
 Little Hartley mare by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam the dam 
 of Large Hartley marc Flying Whig. 
 
 Eecovery Mare, f., foaled 1838, bred l^y ; imported by 
 
 E. D. Shepherd, Virginia. By Eecovery. Dam Sally of the 
 Valley by Tramp. (See Sally of the Valley.) 
 
 Eef[JGEE, br. f., foaled 1827, bred by Duke of Eichmond ; imported 
 l)y Messrs. Jackson & Kirkman, Alabama. By Wanderer. 1st 
 dam l)y Orville ; 2d dam, dam of Selim Ijy Alexander. (See im- 
 ported Sessions.) 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 639 
 
 Revenue Mare, bl. f., foaled 183G, bred by Mr. L. Haseltino ; im- 
 ported into IsQvr Orleans, 1838. Covered l^y TV'arlabj Baylock; 
 sold to Hon, A. Barrow, of Louisiana. By Revenue. 1st dam 
 Eliza by Filho-da-Puta ; 3d dam by Vermin ; 3d dam Ijy Ben- 
 ningbrougli; 4th dam Eustatia by Highflyer; 5tli dam Wren 
 by Woodpecker ; 6tli dam Sir Peter's dam by Snap ; 7th dam 
 Miss Cleveland by Eegulus; Stli dam Midge by son of Bay 
 Bolton, etc. 
 
 Ringlet, b. £, foaled 1853, bred by Lord Uxbridge ; imported by 
 A. J. Davie, North Carolina, 1837. Covered by English Glau- 
 cus. By The Colonel. 1st dam Adeline by Soothsayer; 2d 
 dam Elizabeth by Orvillo ; 3d dam Penny trumpet l)y Trum- 
 pator ; 4th dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 5th dam 
 Camilla by Trentham ; Gtli dam Coquette by Compton Barb ; 
 7th dam sister to Regulus by the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Rock Make, ch. £, foaled 1755, bred by ; imported and 
 
 sold in Maryland, 17G2, in ship Christian. By Old Rock. 1st 
 dam by Snake; 2d dam, dam of Slider by Partner; 3d dam by 
 Crofts' Egyptian ; 4tli dam Grey Woodcock. 
 
 Rock Mare, own sister to above, foaled 1757; imported and sold 
 in Maryland, 17G2. These mares by Old Rock cannot be found 
 in English Stud Book. 
 
 RoDORA, ch. f., foaled 1835, bred ]jy Lord Derby ; imported into 
 United States by . By imported Felt. 1st dam Rose- 
 leaf by Whisker ; 2d dam Rosalba by Milo ; 3d dam sister to 
 Rubens l^y Buzzard; 4th dam by Alexander; 5th dam by 
 Highflyer ; Gth dam by Alfred ; 7th dam by Engineer ; 8th 
 dam Bay Malton's dam by Cade ; 9th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Old Traveler. 
 
 Rosalind, b. £, foaled 1825, bred by Mr. Yates; imported by 
 Messrs. Ogden & Corl^in, Virginia. By Paulowitz. 1st dam 
 Isidora by Blucher ; 2d dam Zora by Selim ; 3d dam Zoraida 
 by Don Quixote ; 4th dam Lady Cow by John Bull ; 5th dam 
 by Drone ; Gth dam Lardella by Young Marske. 
 
 Rosalind, b. f., foaled 1859, by Barnton ; bred by Her Majesty at 
 Hampton Court; imported, 18G0, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, 
 agents of the Kentucky Importing Company; the jiroperty 
 of Major T. G. Bacon, South Carolina. 1st dam sister to Bay 
 Rosalind by Orlando ; 2d dam Eloj)ement by Velocipede ; 3d 
 dam Scandal by Selim ; 4th dam by Haj)hazard ; 5th dam 
 
640 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 by Precipitate; Gth dam Colibri by "Woodpecker; 7th dam 
 Camilla by Trentham; 8tli dam Coquette by the Compton 
 Barb; 9th dam sister to Ecgulus by Godolphin Arabian; 10th 
 dam Grey Eobinson by the Bald Galloway; 11th dam Snake by 
 Old Wilkes ; 12th dam .by Old Hautboy ; 13th dam by Miss 
 D'Arcy's Pet mare ; 14th dam Sedbury Eoyal mare. 
 
 EosiKA, £, foaled 1781, bred by Mr. Peirsc; imported into United 
 States about 1799, by . By Amaranthus. 1st dam Tube- 
 rose by Herod; 2d dam Grey Starling by Starling; 3d dam 
 Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers; 4tli dam sister to 
 Thunderbolt by Counsellor; 5th dam by Snake ; Cth dam by 
 Luggs ; 7th dam by Davill's Old Woodcock. 
 
 EuLEE Mare, b. f., imported and owned by Col. John Tayloe, Vir- 
 ginia. She cannot be identified in Weatherby's English Stud 
 Book. By Euler. 1st dam by Turk ; 2d dam by Snake. 
 
 Sacrifice, f., foaled 1855, bred by ; imported and owned by 
 
 K. W. Sears, Esq., of Boston, Mass. By Melbourne. 1st dam 
 Sacriiice by Voltaire ; 2d dam Virginia by Eowton ; od dam 
 Pucellae by Muley ; 4tli dam Medora by Selim ; 5tli dam by Sir 
 Harry; 6th dam by Volunteer; 7th dam by Herod ; 8th dam 
 Golden Grove by Blank; 9th dam Spinster by Partner; 10th 
 dam by Bloody Buttocks; lltli dam by Greyhound; 12tli dam 
 by Makeless; 13tli dam by Brimmer; 14th dam by Place's 
 White Turk; 15th dam by Dodsworth ; 16th dam Lay ton 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Sally of the Valley, ch. f., foaled 1825, bred by ; imported 
 
 by E. D. Shepherd, Esq., Virginia. By Tramp. 1st dam by 
 Sancho ; 2d dam Blacklock's darn by Coriander ; 3d dam Wild- 
 goose by Highflyer ; 4th dam Coheiress by Pot-8-o's; 5tli dam 
 Manilla by Goldfinder ; 6 th dam Mr. Goodricke's Old England 
 mare by Old England. 
 
 Salorta, b. f, foaled 1859, by Vindex; bred by Capt. J. H. Shep- 
 worth, Brig Lincolnshire; imported 1860, by Messrs. Dudley & 
 Bruce, agents Kentucky Importing Company; property of Z. 
 Ward, Versailles, Ky. 1st dam Sontag (]S[unco's dam) by The 
 Nob ; 2d dam Harmony (Eosalind's dam) by Eeveller ; 3d dam 
 by Seymour ; 4th dam Gramerie's dam by Sir Peter Teazle ; 
 5tli dam Deceit by Tandem ; Gth dam Perdita by Herod ; 7th 
 dam Fair Forester by Sloe ; 8tli dam by Forester ; 9th dam by 
 Partner; lOtli dam by Croft's Bay Barb; 11th dam by Make- 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 641 
 
 less; 12tli dam by Brimmer ; 13th dam by a son of Dodsworth ; 
 14th dam Burton Barij marc. 
 
 SAMPSO]sr Mare, foaled , bred by Lord Eockingham ; imported 
 
 by . By Sampson. 1st dam Plover by the Godolphin 
 
 colt ; 2d dam Fly by Crofts' Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 
 4th dam (Sophonisba's dam) by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5th dam 
 by D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian ; 6th dam by Whiteshirt ; 7th 
 dam Old Montagu mare. 
 
 Sandbeck Mare, b. f., foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Poyntz ; imported 
 by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By Sandbeck. 1st dam 
 Ursula by Cervantes ; 2d dam Fanny by Sir Peter ; 3d dam by 
 Diomed ; 4th dam Desdemona by Marske ; 5th dam Young 
 Hag by Skim; 6th dam Hag by Crab; 7th dam Ebony by 
 Childcrs. 
 
 Sarah, b. f., foaled 1,834, bred by Gen. Grosvenor ; imported into 
 South Carolina by Mr. Fryer. Covered by English Dr. Syntax. 
 By Sarpedon (before his importation). Mare sold to Mr. Sutton, 
 of Charleston, with colt by English Dr. Syntax. 1st dam 
 Frolicksome by Frolic; 2d dam by Stamford; 3d dam Alexina 
 by King Fergus ; 4th dam Lardella by Young Marske ; 5th dam 
 by Cade; 6th dam Beaufremont's dam by brother to Fear- 
 nought ; 7th dam Miss Windham by Windham ; 8th dam by 
 Belgrade Turk; 9tli dam Old Scarborough mare by Makeless; 
 10th dam by Brimmer. 
 
 Scarificator, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Exeter; imported 
 into Alabama; owned by A. M. Jewell, Esq. By Sultan. 1st 
 dam Marinella by Soothsayer ; 2d dam Bess by Waxy ; 3d dam 
 Vixen by Pot-8-o's; 4th dam Cypher by Squirrel; 5tli dam 
 Snapdragon's dam by Eegulus ; 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 7th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 8th dam, dam of the two 
 True Blues. 
 
 ScHFMLA, br. f., foaled 1827, bred by Lord Exeter; imported Into 
 Alabama ; owned by Jas. Kirkman, Esq., Alabama. By Sultan. 
 1st dam Bess by Waxy; 2d dam Vixen byPot-8-o's; 3d dam 
 Cypher by Squirrel ; 4th dam by Eegulus ; 5th dam by Bartlett's 
 Childers ; 6th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 7tli dam the dam 
 of the two True Blues. 
 
 Selima (Tasker's), f., foaled 1746, bred by Lord Craven; imported 
 by Col. Tasker, of Maryland ; own sister to Babraham. By the 
 Godolphin Arabian. 1st dam Large Hartley mare by his BHnd 
 Vol. I.— 41 
 
642 
 
 THE HOESE. 
 
 horse ; 2d dam Flying Whig by "Wilham's Woodstock Arabian ; 
 3d dam by St. Victor Barb ; 4:th dam by Why-not (son of Fen- 
 wick Barb). 
 
 Sessions, br. £, foaled 1826, bred by Lord Egremont; imported into 
 the United States by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala., 
 1835, Stinted to Nimrod. By Wanderer, 1st dam by Orville ; 
 2d dam the dam of Selim and Rubens by Alexander ; 3d dam 
 by Highflyer ; 4th dam by Alfred ; 5tli dam by Engineer ; 6th 
 dam Bay Mai ton's dam by Cade ; 7th dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Old Traveler. 
 
 Shakespeare Make, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Mr. C. A. Pelham. 
 Sent to America. By Shakespeare. 1st dam Eosebud by Little 
 John; 2d dam by Whalebone; 3d dam Eansom by Sir Peter; 
 4th dam Shift by Sweetbriar; 5th dam Black Susan by Snap; 
 6th dam Lord Bruce's Cade mare l^y Cade ; 7th dam by Bel- 
 grade; 8th dam by Clifton Arabian; 9th dam by Tifter. 
 
 Shepherdess, b. f , foaled 1835, bred by Mr. White ; imported by 
 A. D. Shepherd, Esq., and sold to Rouzan and Duplantier, 
 Louisiana. By Young Blacklock. 1st dam Sjoermaceti by 
 Shgo Waxy; 2d dam Miss Cogden by Phronomeuon ; 3d dam 
 by Young Marske ; 4th dam by Silvio ; 5tli dam Daphne by 
 Eegulus, etc., etc. 
 
 Silver, f., foaled , bred by ; imported by Wm. Surry, 
 
 Esq., into Virginia, before the Eevolution. By The Belsize 
 Arabian. This mare cannot be found in the English Stud 
 Book, but pedigree is doubtless correct. 1st dam by Crofts' 
 Partner; 2d dam (sister to Eoxana) by Bald Galloway; 3d dam 
 (sister to Chaunter) by the Ankaster Turk ; 4tli dam by Leedes' 
 Arabian ; 5th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Silver Star, b. f., foaled 1859, by Kingston; imported by the 
 Kentucky Importing Company in 1860; owned by John R. 
 Viley, Esq., Lexington, Ky. 1st dam Altitude by Cotherstone; 
 2d dam Latitude (sister to Ellis) by Langar; 3d dam Olympia 
 by Sir OHver; 4th dam Scotilla by Anvil; 5th dam Scota by 
 Eclipse; 6th dam Harmony by Herod; 7th dam Eutilia by 
 Blank (sister to Highflyei-'s dam) ; 8tli dam by Eegulus ; 9th 
 dam by Soreheels; lOtli dam by Makeless; 11th dam Christo- 
 pher D'Arcy's Eoyal mare. 
 
 SiSKix, b. t, foaled 1863, bred by Mr. Greville; imported into Canada 
 1868. Covered by Donnybrook, by Muscovite dam Little Finch 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 
 
 643 
 
 by Hornsea; 2d clam Hinda by Sultan; 3d dam Katlierina 
 (Rowton's dam) by Woful; 4th dam Landscape by Eubens. 
 (See Eowton.) 
 
 Slane Mare, ch. f., foaled 1859, by Slane; bred by the Rawcliffe 
 Stud Company ; imported in 18G0, by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, 
 agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. Lately the 
 property of D. F, Kcnner, Louisiana. 1st dam Varsoviana 
 (ISTemesis' dam) by Ion ; 2d dam by Langar ; 3d dam sister to 
 Cobweb by Phantom; 4tli dam Filagree by Soothsayer; 5th 
 dam Web by Waxy ; 6tli dam Penelope by Trumpator ; 7th dam 
 Prunella by Highflyer ; 8th dam Promise by Snap ; 9th dam 
 Julia by Blank; 10th dam by Partner (dam of Spectator); 
 11th dam Bonny Lass by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by Barley's 
 Arabian; 13th dam by Byerly Turk; 14th dam by Tatiolet 
 Barb ; 15th dam by Place's White Turk ; 16th dam a Natural 
 Barb mare. 
 
 Sleight-of-Hand Mare, gr. £, foaled 1850, bred by Sir Tatton 
 Sykes. Sold to America after season 1857. By Sleight-of- 
 Hand. 1st dam Wicket by Stumps ; 2d dam by Phantom ; 3d 
 dam sister to Consul by Camillus ; 4th dam by Shuttle ; 5th dam 
 Eliza by Highflyer ; 6th dam Augusta by Eclipse ; 7th dam by 
 Herod ; 8th dam by Bejazet ; 9th dam by Eegulus ; 10th dam 
 by Lonsdale Arabian; lltli dam by Bay Bolton; 12th dam by 
 Barley's Arabian. (See Lady Sykes, which is same mare.) 
 
 SxAP Mare, foaled , bred by ; imported by AYm. Drew, 
 
 Esq., Virginia. By Snap. 1st dam by Crofts' Partner; 2d dam 
 by Bloody Buttocks. 
 
 Snap Mare, f., foaled , bred by ; imported, it is said, 
 
 by Mr. Hartford. Cannot find her in Englisli Stud Book. 
 By Young Snap. 1st dam by Lightfoot (son of Cade); 
 2d dam by Eegulus ; 3d dam by Old Cade ; 4th dam by Crofts* 
 Partner. 
 
 Spatula, b. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Exeter; imported into 
 Alabama; raced by D. Stephenson, Alabama. By Eeveller. 
 1st dam Galata by Sultan; 2d dam Advance by Pioneer; 3d 
 dam by Buzzard ; 4th dam sister to Champion by Pot-8-o's; 
 5th dam Huncamunca by Highflyer; 6th dam Cypher by 
 Squirrel ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 
 9th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the two 
 True Blues. 
 
^^^ THE HORSE. 
 
 Spiletta, ch. f., foaled 1856, bred by Mr. H. Eobiuson ; impoi-ted by 
 A. Keene Richards, Esq., Scott county, Ky., 1858. By Stock- 
 well. Spiletta is now (1870) owned by A. Belmont, Esq., 
 N. Y. 1st dam Olivia Augusta by Cowl; 2d dam Maria by 
 Belsbazzar; 3d dam Melbourne's dam by Cer\-antes; 4tli dam 
 by Golumpus; 5th dam by Paynator; Gth dam sister to 
 Zodiac by St. George. (See Lanercost mare.) 
 
 Spot Mare, f., foaled 1762 ; said to be from Duke of Hamilton's 
 stud, imported prior to the Eevolution. By Spot. This pedi- 
 gree is given as represented ; cannot be found in English Stud 
 Book. 1st dam by Cartouch ; 2d dam by Old Traveler; 3d dam 
 by Sedbury ; 4th dam by Childers out of a Barb mare. 
 
 Statira, ch. f., foaled 1809, bred by Mr. Forth ; imported by Hon. 
 John Eandolph, Eoanoke, Va. By Alexander the Great. 1st 
 dam by Buzzard ; 2d dam Eose by Sweetl^riar ; 3d dam Merli- 
 ton by Snap ; 4th dam Miss Windsor by Godolphin Arabian ; 
 5tli dam sister to Wyvill's Volunteer by Young Belgrade; 
 6th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 7th dam by Devonshire 
 Chestnut Arabian; 8th dam sister to Somerset's Westbury 
 by Curwen's Bay Barb; 9th dam by Old Spot; 10th dam 
 by Woodcock. 
 
 Starlin"G Mare, gr. f., foaled 1755, bred by Duke of Cumberland ; 
 said to have been imported by Jos. Anderson, Esq., New York. 
 By Starling. 1st dam by Partner ; 2d dam by Gallant's Smiling 
 Tom; 3d dam Traveler's dam by Almanzor; 4th dam Bay 
 Bolton's sister by Grey Hautboy ; 5th dam by Makeless ; 6th 
 dam by Brimmer; 7th dam by Diamond; 8th dam sister to 
 dam of Old Merhn. 
 
 STAUGHTOisr Lass, ch. f., foaled 1825, bred by Col. Lautour; im- 
 ported by James Jackson, Esq., Alabama. By Blacklock. 1st 
 dam sister to Woodcock by Young Woodpecker; 2d dam 
 Fractious by Mercury; 3d dam by Woodpecker; 4th dam 
 Everlasting by Eclipse ; 5th dam Hyrena by Snap ; 6th dam 
 Miss Belsea by Eegulus ; 7th dam by Bartlett's Childers ; 8th 
 dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of the two True 
 Blues. 
 
 Stella, f. foaled in Virginia ; imported in her mother's belly, it is 
 believed, by Col. John Baylor, of Virginia. By Shakespeare, in 
 England. Dam Lord Portmore's Cassandra by Wliitenose 
 (which see). 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MARES. 645 
 
 St. Nicholas Mare, br. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Stanley ; im- 
 ported into Charleston, S. C, by Mr. Porcher, and sold to Col. 
 Fitzsimmons. By St. Nicholas. 1st dam Mysinder by Lot- 
 tery ; 2d dam Columbine by Cervantes ; 3d dam Flora by 
 Camillus ; 4th dam by Ruler ; 5tli dam Treecreeper by Wood- 
 pecker ; 6tli dam by Trentham ; 7th dam Cunegonde by Blank ; 
 8th dam by Cullen Arabian ; 9th dam by Patriot ; 10th dam 
 by Gander; 11th dam by brother to Grantham; 12tli dam by 
 Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 13th dam by Spanker. 
 
 Stolejs" Kisses, b. f., foaled 1864, bred by Mr. Eyke ; imported and 
 owned by R. W. Cameron, Esq., Clifton Stud Farm, Staten 
 Island, N. Y. By Knight of the Kars. 1st dam Defamation 
 (Saccharometer's dam) by lago ; 2d dam Caricature by Panta- 
 loon; 3d dam Pasquinade by Camel; 4th dam Banter by 
 Master Henry; 5th dam Bodicea by Alexander; 6th dam 
 Brunette by Amaranthus ; 7th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 8th 
 dam by the Aneaster Starling; 9th dam by Grasshopper; 10th 
 dam by Sir M. Newton's Arabian; 11th dam by Pert; 12th 
 dam by St. Martins; 13tli dam by Sir E. Hale's Arabian; 14th 
 dam the Oldfield mare. 
 
 Stump's Mare, br. f., foaled 1838, gotten in England; imported in 
 her mother's belly by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. 
 By English Stumps. Dam the Nun's Daughter by Filho-da- 
 Puta (which see). 
 
 Stump's Mare Venetia, gr. £, foaled 1836, bred by. Mr. Cookes; 
 imported by Messrs. Ogden; owned by L. J. Polk, Esq., Ten- 
 nessee. By English Stumps. Dam imported Variella, sister to 
 Voltair by Blacklock. (See Variella.) 
 
 Sultan Mare, br. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty ; imported 
 by Messrs. Ogden & Corbin. By Sultan. Dam Rachael by 
 Whalebone. (See Adana, her sister.) 
 
 SuLTAiT Mare, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by Lord Exeter; imp. by 
 Messrs. Nott & Fearne, Mobile, Ala. By Sultan. 1st dam 
 Marinella by Soothsayer; 2d dam Bess by Waxy; 3d dam 
 Vixen by Pot-8-o's ; 4th dam Cyplier by Squirrel ; 5th dam by 
 Regulus ; 6th dam Snapdragon by Snap ; 7th dam by Bartlett's 
 Childers ; 8th dam by Honeywood's Arabian ; 9th dam, dam of 
 the two True Blues. 
 
 Sunny South, ch. f., foaled 1858, by Irish Birdcatcher; imported 
 by the Kentucky Importing Company in 1860 ; owned by Col. 
 
G46 THE HOESE. 
 
 J. J. O'Fallon, St. Louis, Mo. 1st dam Equal by The Cure ; 2(1 
 clam Equation by Emilius ; 3d dam Maria by Whisker ; 4th dam 
 Gibside Fairy by Hermes; 5th dam Vicissitude by Pipator; 
 Gth dam Beatrice by 8ir Peter Teazle; 7tli dam Pyrrha by 
 Matchem; 8th dam Feuwick's Duchess l)y Whitenose; 9th 
 dam Miss Slamerkin by Young True Blue ; 10th dam by Lord 
 Oxford's Ar3,])ian ; lltli dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 : ;7EETBRIAE, ch. f., foaled 1785, bred by Duke of Cumberland ; 
 imp. by Gen. Spotswood, Virginia. By Sweetbriar. 1st dam 
 Dido by Eclipse ; 2d dam by Spectator ; 3d dam by Blank ; 4tli 
 dam Lord Leigh's Diana by Second ; 5th dam Hanger's Brown 
 mare by Stanyau Arabian ; 6th dam Gipsey by King William's 
 No-tongued Barb ; 7tli dam by Makeless ; 8th dam Royal mare. 
 
 Sweetbriar, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Humble; imported 
 with her dam by L. J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By Eecovery. 
 1st dam Primrose by Comus; 2d dam Cowslii? by Cocklighter; 
 3d dam Brown Javelin by Javelin ; 4th dam Young Maiden by 
 Highflyer. (See imported Primrose.) 
 
 Sweetest Whek Naked, gr. f., foaled 1787; imported in her 
 mother's belly, the property of Alexander Spotswood, Esq., 
 Virginia, and Col. J. Tayloe. By Tattersall's Highflyer. Dam 
 Gunilda, called also Virago, imported by Star. (See Gunilda.) 
 
 Symmetry, ch. f., foaled, it is said, 1799, bred by Lord Clermont; 
 imported .into Virginia 1805, by Messrs. Gibson & Jefferson. 
 By Trumpator. 1st dam Young Doxy by Imperator; 2d dam 
 Doxy by Herod ; 3d dam Imjoudence by Eclipse ; 4th dam 
 Modesty by Cade ; 5th dam by Crab ; Gth dam Lord Portmore's 
 Abigail by Young Greyhound ; 7th dam Warlock Galloway by 
 Snake, etc. 
 
 Tadmor Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by Tadmor, bred by Mr. Simpson 
 Diss, Cambridgeshire ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & Bruce, 
 agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. This filly died 
 August 10th, 1860, at Liverpool, from congestion of the lungs. 
 1st dam Fair Geraldine by Footstool ; 2d dam Arethusa by 
 EHs ; 3d dam Aunt Bliss by Woful ; 4th dam Mandoline by 
 Waxy; 5th dam Penny Trumpet by Trumpator; 6th dam 
 Young Camilla (sister to Colibri) by Woodpecker ; 7th dam 
 Camilla by Trentham; 8th dam Coquette by the Compton 
 Barb ; 9th dam sister to Regulus by Godolphin Arabian ; 10th 
 dam Grey Robinson by the Bald Galloway; 11th dam by 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 647 
 
 Snake; 12fch dam Grey Wilkes by Hautboy; 13th dam MisG 
 D'Arcy's Pet mare ; 14th dam Sedbury Royal mare. 
 
 Tadmor Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, bred by Mr. Simpson, imported 
 by Kentucky Importing Company, 18G0. Died on the passage. 
 By Tadmor. 1st dam Southdown (Alarm's dam) by Defence; 
 2d dam Feltona by X Y Z ; 3d dam Janetta by Benningbrough ; 
 4th dam by Drone ; 5th dam Contessina by Young Marske ; 
 6th dam Tuberose by Herod ; 7tli dam Grey Starling by Star- 
 ling ; 8th dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers ; 9th dam 
 by Counsellor (sister to Thunderbolt) ; 10th dam by Snake ; 
 11th dam by Luggs ; 12th dam Davill's Old Woodcock. 
 
 Target, ch. f., foaled 1858. By Eiflcmau. Imported by A. Keeno 
 Eichards ; owned by A. J. Alexander. 1st dam Melrose by 
 Melbourne; 2d dam Clarkia by M nicy Moloch ; 3d dam sister 
 to Eighton byPalmerin; 4th dam Oceanea by Cerberus; 5th 
 dam by Benningbrough (Dr. Syntax's dam) ; Cth dam Jenny 
 Mole by Carbuncle ; 7th dam by Prince T'Quassaw ; 8th dam 
 Sultana by Eegulus ; 9th dam by Partner ; 10th dam by Gal- 
 lant's Smiling Tom; 11th dam Traveler's dam by Almanzor ; 
 12th dam sister to Bay Bolton by Grey Hautboy; 13th dam by 
 Makeless; 14th dam by Brimmer; i5th dam by Diamond; 
 16th dam sister to the dam of Old Merlin by Bustler. 
 
 Tartar Mare, imported by Mr. Fenwick, Virginia; cannot be 
 traced in English Stud Book. By Tartar. 1st dam by Young 
 Sweepstakes ; 2d dam by Mogul ; 3d dam by Bay Bolton ; 4th 
 dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian; 5tli dam by Lock wood; 
 Cth dam by Bustler. 
 
 Tears, ch. f., foaled 1823, bred by Mr. E. Wilson ; imported into 
 South Carolina, 1835, by CoL Wade Hampton, with colt foal at 
 her side, and covered by Defence. By Woful. 1st dam Miss 
 Stephenson by Scud or Sorcerer ; 2d dam sister to Petwortli by 
 Precipitate; 3d dam by Woodpecker; 4th dam sister to 
 Juniper by Snap ; 5tli dam Young Marske's dam by Blank ; 
 6th dam Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 7t]i dam Miss Mey- 
 well by Partner • 8th dam by Greyhound ; 9th dam by Cur- 
 wen's Bay Barb ; 10th dam by Lord D'Arcy's Arabian ; 11th 
 dam by Whiteshirt ; 12th dam Old Montagu mare. 
 
 Teniers Mare, (sister to Puss) ch. f , foaled 1833, bred by Mr. 
 Mostyn ; imported by E. H. Boardman, Huntsville, Ala. By 
 Teniers. 1.3t dam Cora by Peruvian ; 2d dam by Alexander ; 
 
G48 THE HORSE. 
 
 3d dam Berrington by Sweet William ; 4tli dam by Herod ; 5tli 
 dam Flora by Squirrel ; 6tli dam Angelica by Snap ; 7th dam 
 by Eegulus; 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 9th dam by 
 Honeywood's Arabian ; 10th dam, dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 The CoLO]srEL's Daughter, b. f., bred by Mr. Tattersall ; imported 
 by L. J. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By The Colonel. Dam Vari- 
 ella by Blacklock. (See Variella.) 
 
 Thetis, b. f., foaled 1852, bred by Mr. Ikiu ; imported into Ohio by 
 J. S. Earey, Esq. By Van Tromp. Covered by Newminster. 
 1st dam Poll Maggot by Voltair ; 2d dam by Whisker ; 3d dam 
 Louisa by Orville ; 4tli dam Thomasiana by Timothy ; 5th dam 
 Violet by Sharke ; 6th dam by Syphon ; 7tli dam Charlotte by 
 Blank ; 8th dam by Crab ; Otli dam by Dyer's Dimple ; 10th 
 dam by Why-not; 11th dam Eoyal mare. 
 
 Tiresias' Mare, br. f., (sister to Scheme), foaled 1826, bred by 
 Lord Lowther ; imported by Dr. A. T. B. Merritt, Hicksford, 
 Va. By Tiresias. 1st dam by Haphazard ; 2d dam by Precipi- 
 tate; 3d dam Colibri by Woodpecker; 4th dam Camilla by 
 Ti'entham ; 5th dam Coquette by the Compton Barb, etc. 
 
 TiTST, ch. f., foaled 1832, bred by Mr. Gifford ; imported into 
 Louisiana by Thomas Flintoff, Esq., Nashville, Tenn. In foal 
 to English Sheet Anchor. By Langar. 1st dam Zephyrina by 
 Middlethorpe ; 2d dam Pagoda by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Eupee 
 by Coriander; 4tli dam Matron by Florizel ; 5th dam Maiden 
 by Matchem; 6th dam by Squirt; 7tli dam Lot's dam by 
 Mogul; 8th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 9th dam Old Lady 
 Starling's dam by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by 
 Eockwood ; 11th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Tom Boy Mare, b. f., foaled 1837, bred by ; imported by 
 
 James Jackson, Esq., Huntsville, Ala. ; purchased at his sale 
 by Eufus K. Polk, Esq., Tennessee. By Tom Boy. 1 st dam 
 by Wanton or Don Juan ; 2d dam sister to Benedick by Eemem- 
 brancer ; 3d dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 4th dam Pyrrha by 
 Matchem; 5th dam Duchess by Whitenose; 6tli dam Miss 
 Slamerkin by Young True Blue; 7th dam by Oxford Dun 
 Arabian ; 8th dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal mare. 
 
 Tramp Mare, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Eidsdale ; imported 
 into Louisiana ; owned by J. Eouth, Esq. By Tramp. Dam 
 Marchesa by Comus. (See My Lady, her sister.) 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 649 
 
 Teanby Maee, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty; imported 
 by Col. Singleton, South Carolina. By Tranby, before his im- 
 portation. 1st dam Elfrida by Whalebone ; 2d dam by Selim ; 
 3d dam Maiden by Matchem. (See Titsy.) 
 
 TRAiq-BT Mare, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by His Majesty ; imported 
 by Col. Wade Hampton, South Carolina. By Tranby, before his 
 importation. 1st dam by Whalebone; 2d dam sister to 
 Wanderer by Gohanna ; 3d dam Catharine by Woodpecker ; 
 4th dam Camilla by Trentham ; 5th dam Coquette by Compton 
 Barb. 
 
 Teapes {nee Speck), b. f., foaled 1825, bred by Lord Strathmore ; 
 imported by the Messrs. Merritt, Virginia. By Tramp. 1st 
 dam Eemembrance by Sir Solomon ; 2d dam Queen Mab by 
 Eclipse ; 3d dam by Tartar ; 4tli dam by Mogul ; 5th dam by 
 Sweepstakes; 6th dam by Bay Bolton; 7th dam by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb ; 8th dam by Old Spot ; 9th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb ; 10th dam Vintner mare. 
 
 Trifle, b. f., foaled 1826, bred by Lord Derby; imported into 
 Louisiana by A. D. Shephard ; owned by Messrs. Rouzan & Bro., 
 Louisiana. By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam sister to Spartan by 
 Milo ; 2d dam Pamela by Whiskey ; 3d dam Lais by Diomed ; 
 4th dam Grace by Snap; 5th dam Pussy by Eegulus; 6th dam 
 by Traveler ; 7ta dam by Hartley's blind horse. 
 
 Tein"ket, ch. f., foaled 1831, bred by Sir F. Johnson ; imported by 
 Lucius J. Polk, Esq., Nashville, Tcnn. By Godolphin. Dam 
 Filagree by Soothsayer. (See Eiddlesworth.) 
 
 Trumpator Mare, b. f , foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Haffenden ; imported 
 into New Orleans, 1838 ; sold there to F. Duplantier, Esq. By 
 Trumpator. 1st dam Ringdove by Bobadil ; 2d dam by Dick 
 Andrews; 3d dam Eleanor by Whiskey; 4th dam Young 
 Giantess dam of Sorcerer by Diomed; 5th dam Giantess by 
 Matchem ; 6th dam Molly Longlegs by Babraham ; 7tli dam by 
 Cole's Foxhunter ; 8th dam by Partner, etc. ; 9th dam sister to 
 Eoxana by the Bald Galloway. 
 
 Trumpetta, br. f., foaled 1797, bred by Mr. PoAvell; imported by 
 Col. John Hoomes, of Virginia. By Trumpator. 1st dam 
 sister to Lambinos by Highflyer ; 2d dam by Echpse ; 3d dam 
 Vauxhall's dam by Young Cade; 4th dam by Bolton Little- 
 john; 5th dam Durham's Favorite by son of Bald Galloway; 
 6th dam Daffodil's dam by Sir T. Gascoigne's foreign horse. 
 
650 THE HOKSE. 
 
 Tulip, ch. f., foaled 1836, bred by ; imported into North 
 
 Carolina by A. J. Davie, Esq. By St. Patrick. 1st dam Manea 
 by Merlin ; 2d dam Specie by Scud ; 3d dam Quail by Golianna ; 
 4tli dam Certhia by Woodpecker ; 5th dam by Trentham ; 6th 
 dam Cunegonde by Blank. 
 
 Tunica, b. f., foaled 1835, bred by Mr. Nowell; imported by L. 
 J. & E. K. Polk, Esqrs., of Tennessee. By Muley. 1st dam 
 Calypso by Sorcerer; 2d dam Houghton Lass by Sir Peter (dam 
 of English Comus) ; 3d dam Alexina by King Fergus ; 4th dam 
 Lardella by Young Marske. (See imported Sarah.) 
 
 TuEPiN" Maee, ch. f., foaled 1764; imported into South Carolina, 
 1767, by Capt. Parker. By Turpin (son of Smale's Childers). 
 1st dam by Babraham ; 2d dam by Partner. 
 
 TJeganda, br. f., foaled 1821, bred by Lord Derby ; imported by 
 Samuel Eagland, Esq., Madison county, Ala. By Milo. 1st 
 dam by Sorcerer ; 2d dam by Sir Solomon ; 3d dam tAvin sister 
 to Lilliputian by Young Marske ; 4th dam by Phoenomenon ; 
 5th dam Calliope by Slouch ; 6th dam Lass of the Mill bv 
 Oroonoko ; 7th dam by Traveler ; 8tli dam Miss Makeless. 
 
 Vaga, ch. f., foaled 1822, bred by Mr. Vevers ; imported by Messrs. 
 Ogden & Corbin ; owned by Messrs. L. J. & E. K. Polk, 
 Tennessee. By Lismahago. 1st dam Lady Byron by Sir Ulric ; 
 2d dam by Dungannon; 3d dam Miss Euston by Snap; 4th 
 dam by Blank ; 5th dam by Cartouch ; 6th dam Soreheels mare 
 by Soreheels ; 7th dam by Highflyer, etc. 
 
 Vamp, br. f., foaled 1825, bred by Lord Sligo ; imported by E. H. 
 Boardmau, Esq., Alabama. By Langar. Dam Wire, sister to 
 Web by Waxy. (See Eachel by Partizan.) 
 
 Vaeialetta, ch. f., foaled 1838; imported, with her dam Variella, 
 by L. J. Polk, Tennessee. By the Colonel. 1st dam Variella 
 by Blacklock ; 2d dam by Phantom ; 3d dam by Overton ; 4tli 
 dam Gratitude's dam by Walnut. (See imported Variella.) 
 
 Vaeiella (sister to Voltair), br. f., foaled 1829, bred by Mr. Stephen- 
 son; imported by Lucius J. Polk, Esq., Maury county, Tenn. 
 By Blacklock. 1st dam by Phantom ; 2d dam by Overton ; 3d 
 dam Gratitude's dam by Walnut; 4th dam by Euler; 5th dam 
 Piracantha by Matchem; 6tli dam Prophetess by Eegulus; 7th 
 dam Jenny Spinner by Partner ; 8th dam iDy Greyhound ; 9th 
 dam Sophonisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb; 10th dam by 
 
LIST OF IMPOKTED MARES. 651 
 
 D'Arcy's Chestnut Arabian; lltli clam by Wliiteshirt; 12tli 
 dam Old Montagu maro. 
 
 Yaen-ish, or Vanish, b. f., foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Houldsworth ; 
 imported by Capt. Langford into Mobile, 1837. By Vanish. 
 1st dam Elephant's dam by Shuttle ; 2d dam by Oberon ; 3d 
 dam Engravei''s dam by Stride ; 4th dam sister to Sharper by 
 Eanthos, etc. 
 
 Velocipede Mare, ch. £, foaled 1834, bred by ; imported 
 
 into Virginia; owned and raced by Jas. M. Seldon, Esq. By 
 Velocipede. Dam by Walton. 
 
 Venetia, g. f., foaled 1836, bred and imported by Messrs. L. J. & 
 E. K. Polk, Tennessee. By English Stumps. Dam imported 
 Variella by Blacklock. (See Variella and Stump's mare.) 
 
 Victoria, br. f., foaled about 1800; imported into Virginia by Hon. 
 John Tayloe. By Buzzard. She died 1807, leaving no produce. 
 1st dam by Metajohysician ; 2d dam Nancy Dawson by Damper ; 
 3d dam Luna by Herod ; 4th dam Proserj)ine (sister to Eclipse) 
 by Marske; 5th dam Spiletta by Eegulus; 6th dam Mother 
 "Western by Smith's son of Snake. 
 
 Victoria, br. £, foaled 1834, bred by Mr. Boardman ; imported by 
 H. C. Cammack, New Orleans. By Bay Malton. 1st dam 
 Polly Oliver by Sir Oliver ; 2d dam by Hambletonian ; 3d dam 
 Constantia by Sir Peter; 4th dam by Mungo; 5th dam by 
 Latham's Snap ; 6th dam Sappho by Eegulus ; 7th dam Lodge's 
 Eoan mare by Partner. 
 
 Victoria, ch. f., foaled 1837, bred by Mr. Wright ; imported into 
 Illinois by Col. Chas. Oakley; owned by W. W. & F. M. Morton, 
 Morgan county. By Cain. 1st dam Ada (sister to Augusta) 
 by AVoful; 2d dam by Eubens; 3d dam Guildford Nan by 
 Guildford ; 4th dam Vulture's dam by Justice ; 5th dam Parsley 
 by Pot-8-o's ; 6th dam Lady Bolingbroke by Squirrel ; 7th dam 
 Herod's dam Cypron by Blaze; 8th dam Selima by Bethel's 
 Arabian; 9th dam by Graham's Champion; 10th dam by 
 Darley's Arabian ; 11th dam by Merlin. 
 
 VOLANTE, £, foaled 1797, bred by Mr. Kingsman; imported by Col. 
 J. Hoomes, Bowling Green, Va. By Volunteer, son of Echpse. 
 1st dam Lava by Sulphur; 2d dam by Blank; 3d dam by Lord 
 Cedworth's Foxhunter ; 4th dam by brother to Mixbury ; 5th 
 dam by Smockface; 6th dam by Lord Wharton's Old Snail; 
 
652 THE HOKSE. 
 
 7th dam by Burford Bull ; 8tli dam Wilkinson mare by Brim- 
 mer ; Otli dam Layton Barb mare. 
 
 VoLANTE, b. £, foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Eidsdale; imported by John 
 Eolith, Esq., Louisiana. By Velocipede. 1st dam Charity by 
 Tramp; 2d dam Euphrosyne's dam by Shuttle; 3d dam by 
 Drone; 4th dam Contessina by Young Marske; 5th dam 
 Tuberose by Herod ; 6tli dam Grey Starling by Starling ; 7th 
 dam Coughing Polly by Bartlett's Childers, etc. 
 
 Walto]!^ Maee, b. f., foaled 1823, bred by Mr. Barker; sent to 
 America in 1834, with bay foal by St. Nicholas, and covered by 
 him. By Walton. 1st dam by Wizard ; 2d dam Eemembrance 
 by Sir Solomon ; 3d dam Queen Mab by Eclipse ; 4th dam by 
 Tartar ; 5tli dam by Mogul ; 6tb dam by Sweepstakes ; 7th dam 
 sister to SloYcn by Bay Bolton ; 8th dam by Curwen's Bay 
 Barb; 9th dam by Old Spot; 10th dam by White-legged 
 Lowther Barb ; 11th dam Old Vintner mare. 
 
 Waterloo Mare, ch. f., foaled 1834, bred by His Majesty; imported 
 into South Carolina. By Waterloo. 1st dam by Comus; 2d 
 dam Lady Frances by Mr. Teazle ; 3d dam by Volunteer ; 4tli 
 dam Storace by Tandem ; 5th dam Perdita by Herod ; 6th dam 
 Fair Forester by Sloe; 7th dam by Forester; 8th dam by 
 Partner; 9th dam by Crofts' Bay Barb; 10th dam by Makeless; 
 11th dam by Brimmer; 12th dam by son of Dodsworth; 13th 
 dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Waterwitch, b. f., foaled 1828, bred by Lord Warwick ; imported 
 
 by into Virginia. By Whalebone. 1st dam Niobe by 
 
 Sir David ; 2d dam by Buzzard ; 3d dam Totterella by Dun- 
 gannon ; 4th dam Marcella l^y Mambrino ; 5th dam ]\Iedea by 
 Sweetbriar ; 6tli dam Angelica by Snap ; 7th dam by Eegulus ; 
 8th dam by Bartlett's Childers; 9th dam by Honeywood's 
 Arabian ; 10th dam the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Waxy Maee, f., foaled between 1801 and '6, bred by Sir J. Poole ; 
 imported by T. Bland, Virginia, and owned by James Jackson, 
 Esq. By Waxy. 1st dam Mother Shipton by Anvil; 2d dam 
 Jemima by SatelHte ; 3d dam Maria by Herod; 4th dam 
 Lisette by Snap ; 5th dam Miss Windsor by Godolphin Arabian ; 
 6th dam sister to Wyvill's Volunteer by Young Belgrade ; 7th 
 dam by Bartlett's Childers. 
 
 Weatherbit Mare, or Cicily Jopson, br, f., foaled 1859, bred by 
 Mr. John Osborne; imported by Kentucky Importing Com- 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MAEES. 653 
 
 pany; purchased by Jas. A. Grinsteacl, Esq., Lexington, Ky. 
 By Weatherbit, 1867, stinted to Lightning. 1st dam Cestrea 
 by Faugh -a-Ballagh ; 2d dam by Liverpool ; 3d dam Eaehel by 
 Muley; 4th dam by Comus; 5th dam (Margrave's dam) by 
 Election ; 6th dam Fair Helen by Hambletonian ; 7th dam 
 Helen by Delpini ; 8tli dam Eosalind by Phoenomenon ; 9th 
 dam Atalanta by Matchem; lOtli dam Lass of the Mill by 
 Oroonoko; 11th dam by Old Traveler; 12th dam Miss Make- 
 less by Young Greyhound; 13th dam by Old Partner; 14th 
 dam by Woodcock (dam of the Lambton Miss Doe) ; 15th dam 
 by Crofts' Bay Barb (grandam of the Ancaster Starling) ; 16th 
 dam by Makeless; 17th dam by Brimmer; 18th dam by Dicky 
 Pierson (son of Dodsworth) ; 19th dam Burton Barb mare. 
 
 Weather Witch (imp.), ch. f., foaled 1858, bred by John Osborne, at 
 Ley burn, Yorkshire, and imported by Kentucky Importing 
 Company. Weatherbit by Sheet Anchor, dam Miss Letty by 
 Priam. By Weatherbit. 1st dam by Bii-dcatcher ; 2d dam 
 Colocynth by Physician ; 3d dam Camelina (sister to Camel) by 
 Whalebone; 4th dam by Selim; 5tli dam Maiden by Sir Peter; 
 6th dam by Phoenomenon ; 7th dam Matron by Florizel ; 8th 
 dam Maiden by Matchem ; 9th dam by Squirt ; 10th dam Lot's 
 dam by Mogul; 11th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton; 12th dam 
 Old Lady (Starling's dam) by Pullein's Chestnut Aral^ian; 
 13th dam by Eockwood ; 14tli dam by Bustler. 
 
 Wekon'A (imp.), br. f., foaled 1859, bred by Her Majesty at Hampton 
 Court ; owned by E. A. Alexander, Esq., Kentucky. By Fly- 
 ing Dutchman. 1st dam Bay Cecelia by Orlando; 2d dam 
 Hersey by Glaucus ; 3d dam Hester by Camel ; 4tli dam Moni- 
 mia by Muley; 5th dam sister to Petv/orth by Precipitate; 6th 
 dam Woodpecker mare, her dam sister to Juniper; 7th dam by 
 Snap ; 8th dam by Blank, dam of Young Marske ; 9th dam 
 Bay Starling by Bolton Starling ; 10th dam Miss Maynell by 
 Partner; 11th dam by Greyhound; 12th dam by Curwen's 
 Barb ; 13th dam by D'Arcy's Chestnut Ara]jian ; 14tli dam by 
 Whiteshirt; 15th dam Old Montagu mare. 
 
 The Flying Dutchman by Bay Middleton, dam Barbella by Sand- 
 beck ; l)red by Her Majesty, at Hampton Court. 
 
 West Australian Mare, b. f., foaled 1859, by West Australian, 
 bred by Lord Londesborough ; imported by Messrs. Dudley & 
 Bruce, agents of the Kentucky Importing Company. Late the 
 
654 THE HORSE. 
 
 property of Hon. D. F. Kenner, of Louisiana. 1st dam The 
 Broom by Van Tromp ; 2d dam Miss Martin by Voltair; 3d 
 dam Miss Iris by Blucher ; 4tli dam Iris by Sir Peter Teazle ; 
 5tli dam Isabella by Eclipse ; 6th dam by Squirrel ; 7th dam 
 Ancaster Nancy by Blank ; 8th dam Phoebe by Tortoise ; 9th 
 dam by Looby; 10th dam by Partner; 11th dam by Woodcock; 
 12tli dam by Makeless; 13th dam by Brimmer; 14th dam by 
 Dicky Pierson ; 15th dam by Burton Barb. 
 
 Whaekcliff, b. f., foaled 1839, bred by Lord Scarborough, sent 
 to Charleston, S. C, 1835 ; covered by Tramp. By Waverly. 
 1st dam by Catton; 2d dam Hannah by Sorcerer; 3d dam 
 Amelia by Highflyer ; 4th dam Miss Timms by Matchem ; 5 th 
 dam by Squirt ; 6th dam Lot's dam by Mogul ; 7th dam Camilla 
 by Bay Bolton; 8tli dam Old Lady by Pullein's Chestnut 
 Arabian ; 9th dam by Eockwood ; 10th dam by Bustler, etc., 
 etc. 
 
 "Whitefoot Mare, foaled about 1732, bred by Sir T. Peed; im- 
 ported into Virginia by John Gower. By Whitefoot. 1st dam 
 by Bald Galloway; 2d dam Young Kitty Burdett by Old 
 Smales ; 3d dam Kitty Burdett by Barley's Arabian ; 4th dam 
 Mr. Burdett's Child mare. 
 
 Williamson's Ditto Mare, b. f., foaled 1822, bred by Mr. K H. 
 Smith; imported by E. H. Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By 
 Williamson's Ditto. 1st dam by Trumpator ; 2d dam Countess 
 by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Fame by Pantaloon ; 4th dam sister to 
 Juno by Spectator ; 5tli dam sister to Horatius by Blank ; 6tli 
 dam by Childers ; 7tli dam Miss Belvoir by Grey Grantham ; 
 8th dam by Paget Turk; 9th dam Betty Percival by Leedes' 
 Arabian ; 10th dam by Spanker, etc. 
 
 Wilson Arabian" Mare, ch. f., foaled 1754, bred by ; im- 
 ported and sold in Maryland, 1762, in ship Christian, Capt. 
 Stanly. By Wilson's Chestnut Arabian. 1st dam by Slipby ; 
 2d dam Meynell by Partner ; 3d dam by Greyhound ; 4th dam 
 Sophonisba's dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 5tli dam by D'Arcy's 
 Chestnut Arabian; 6tli dam by Whiteshirt; 7th dam Old 
 Montagu mare. 
 
 Woful Mare, b. f., foaled 1824, bred by Mr. Burgess; imported by 
 E. H. Boardman, Esq., Alabama. By Woful. 1st dam Alle- 
 gretta by Trumpator ; 2d dam Young Camilla by Woodpecker ; 
 3d dam Camilla by Trentham; 4th dam Coquette by the 
 
LIST OF IMPOETED MAEES. 655 
 
 Compton Barb; 5tli dam sister to Eegulus by Godolphiu Ara- 
 bian, etc. 
 
 Woodbine, b. f., foaled 1828, bred by Mr. Wreford ; imported by 
 Mr. W. T. Head ; owned by Mnnson Beach, Esq., Ohio. By 
 Middleton. 1st dam Finchley mare by Finchley ; 2d dam by 
 Stamford ; 3d dam sister to Star by Highflyer ; 4tli dam by 
 Snap ; 5tli dam Eiddle l)y Matchem ; 6th dam by Scpiirt ; 7tli 
 dam by Mogul ; 8th dam Camilla by Bay Bolton ; 9th dam Old 
 Lady by Pullein's Chestnut Arabian ; 10th dam by RockAvood; 
 11th dam by Bustler. 
 
 Wombat, br. f., foaled 1858, bred by Lord Londesborough ; im- 
 ported by J. R. Smith, Jr., New York, 1868. By West Aus- 
 tralian. Dam by Irish Birdcatcher ; 2d dam Mickleton Maid by 
 Velocipede ; 3d dam Maid of Lune by Whisker ; 4th dam Gil)- 
 side Fairy by Hermes ; otli dam Vicissitude by Pipator ; 6th 
 dam Beatrice by Sir Peter ; 7th dam Pyrrha by Matchem ; 8th 
 dam Duchess by Whitestone; 9th dam Miss Slamerkin by 
 Young True Blue; 10th dam by Lord Oxford's Dun Arabian,' 
 nth dam D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal mare. 
 
 Zephyeina, b. t, foaled 1833, bred by Mr. Gifford; imported by 
 
 . By Filho-da-Puta. 1st dam ZcphjTina by Middle- 
 
 thorpe ; 2d dam Pagoda by Sir Peter ; 3d dam Rupee by Cori- 
 ander ; 4th dam Matron by Florizel; 5th dam Maiden by 
 Matchem ; 0th dam by Squirt ; 7th dam by Mogul. 
 
 Zone (sister to Zodiac), br. f., foaled 1850, bred by Mr. John Os- 
 borne; owned by R. A. Alexander; imported by Kentucky 
 Importing Company. By The Cure. 1st dam Starlight by 
 Kremhn; 2d dam Evening Star by Touchstone; 3d dam 
 Bertha by RuIdcus; 4th dam Boadicea by Alexander; 5th dam 
 Brunette by Amaranthus ; 6th dam Mayfly by Matchem ; 7th 
 dam Starling mare by Ancaster Starling ; 8th dam by Grass- 
 hopper; 9th dam by Newton's Bay Arabian; 10th dam Ijy 
 Pert; 11th dam by St. Martins; 12th dam by Sir E. Hale's 
 Arabian ; 13 th dam by Old Field mare. 
 
 The following were imported by Mr. R. W. Cameron, and thirty- 
 four out of the thirty-nine head lost, December, 1866. Much was 
 expected from the blood stock purchased by Mr. Cameron, in Eng- 
 land, for importation to this country. The animals were selected 
 with care, and the high strains, had they survived the storms of the 
 
656 THE HOESE. 
 
 sea, would have greatly improved and advanced the stock interests 
 of America. It was the largest importation ever attempted, there- 
 fore the loss is all the more serious. The horses, thirty-nine in all, 
 were placed on board the screw steamer Helvetia, hound from Liver- 
 pool to New York, on the 6tli of December. We give their names 
 and pedigrees as follows : 
 
 Silence, 2 years, b. f., by Knight of Kars, out of Whist. 
 ' Mavourneen, 2 years, b. £, by Newminster, out of Patience, by 
 Lanercost. 
 
 Peeress, 4 years, b. f., by Newminster, out of Mainbrace. 
 
 Antipodes, 2 years, br. c, by Young Melbourne, out of Aqua- 
 marine. 
 
 Begum, 3 years, b. f., by Lambton, out of Christabelle. 
 
 Mrs. Somerville, 6 years, b. m., by Kingston, out of Altitude ; 
 covered by Macaroni. 
 
 May Flower, 9 years, ch. m., by The Nabob, her dam l)y Faugh-a- 
 Ballagh, out of Julia. 
 
 Persian Kose, 8 years, b. or br. m., by Sweetmeat, out of Creeping 
 Rose ; covered by Prime Minister. 
 
 Flowery Land, 3 years, b. f., by Promised Land, out of Adulation ; 
 covered by Buckenham. 
 
 Bonnibelle, 7 years, br. m., by West Australian, out of Gayfield ; 
 covered by Buckenham. 
 
 Piano, 4 years, br. f., by Fandango, out of Aspasia; covered by 
 Port Royal. 
 
 Maid of Melrose, 8 years, b. m., by Newminster, out of Belsay; 
 covered by Skirmisher. 
 
 A chestnut mare, 9 years, by a son of Pyrrhus the First and Con- 
 spiracy, out of So Nice ; covered by Buckenham. 
 
 A brown fdly, 3 years, by Leamington, out of Annie Laurie ; 
 covered by Thunderbolt. 
 
 Juniper, 10 years, b. m., by Bay Middleton, out of The Fawn ; 
 covered by Underhand. 
 
 Veronica, 9 years, b. m., by Cruiser, out of Speedwell ; covered 
 by Underhand. 
 
 Surprise, 3 years, ch. f., by St. Albans, out of Twitter; covered 
 by Bacchus. 
 
 Emily de Lona, 7 years, br. m., by Sweetmeat, out of Sangfroid ; 
 covered by Dollar. 
 
 Buttress, 6 years, b. m., by Rifleman, dam (foaled in 1852) by 
 Sleight-of-Hand ; out of Galloper's dam ; covered by Newminster. 
 
LIST OF IMPORTED MARES. 657 
 
 A chestnut mare, 10 years, by Bandy, out of Danceaway; 
 covered by Dollar. 
 
 Mulse, 7 years, b. m., by Yellow Jack, dam by Nutwith, out of 
 Tophano ; covered by Optimist. 
 
 Carbine, 8 years, b. m., by Eifleman, out of Troica ; covered by 
 Dollar. 
 
 Rambling Mary, 2 years, ch. f., by St. Albans, out of Rambling 
 Kate ; covered by Thormanby. 
 
 A bay mare, 8 years, by Hobbie Noble, out of Bangle ; covered 
 by Claret. 
 
 Lady Cochrane, 4 years, br. f., by Voltigeur, out of Latona; 
 covered by Port Royal. 
 
 Lady Well, 10 years, br. m,, by Kingston, out of Little Jenny ; 
 covered by Underhand. 
 
 White Rose of York, 9 years, ch. m., by Connaught Ranger, out 
 of Dame Cesser ; covered by Underhand. 
 
 Volucris, 8 years, br. m., by Voltigeur, dam by The Doctor, out of 
 Gray Araby ; covered by Thunderbolt. 
 
 Come Arouse, 10 years, b. m., by Chanticleer, dam by The Sad- 
 dler, out of Stays ; covered by Citadel. 
 
 Elfrida, 13 years, br. m., by Faugh-a-Ballagh, out of Espoir; 
 covered by Thormanby. 
 
 Birague, 4 years, b. g., by Newminster, out of The Jewess. 
 
 A brown yearling filly, by Windhound, out of Casemate. 
 
 A bay yearling colt, by St. Albans, out of Jerusalem. 
 
 A bay yearling colt, by Marionette, out of Bapta. 
 
 A bay colt foal, by Old Calabar, out of Lady Well. 
 
No. I. 
 PEDIGREE OF ENGLISH ECLIPSE. 
 
 Eclipse, chestnut colt, bred by His Royal Highness tbe Duke of Cumber- 
 land, in 1764, by Marske. 
 
 1st dam, Spiletta, by Regulus. 
 
 3d " Mother Western, by Smith's Son of Snake. 
 
 3d " " " " Lord D'Arcy's Old Montague. 
 
 4th " " " " Hautboy. 
 
 5th " " " " Brimmer. 
 
 Eclipse was so called, not because he eclipsed all his competitors, but from 
 having been foaled during the great eclipse in 1764. 
 
 Marske, br. c, foaled 1750, by Squirt, dam by Blacklegs, her dam by Bay 
 Bolton, Fox Cub, Coneyskins, Hutton's Grey Barb, Hutton's Royal Colt, 
 Byerly Turk, Bustler. 
 
 Regulus, foaled 1739, by the Godolphin Arabian, his dam. Grey Robinson, 
 by the Bald Galloway, grandam by Snake, out of Old Wilkes, a daughter of 
 Old Hautboy. 
 
 Smith's Son of Snake, by Snake. 
 
 Old Montague. 
 
 Hautboy, by White D'Arcy Turk, out of a Royal Mare. 
 
 Brimmer, by the YeUow Turk, out of a Royal Mare. 
 
No. 11. 
 PEDIGREE OF IMP. DIOMED, SIRE OF SIR ARCHY. 
 
 DiOMED, ch, c, foaled 1777, by Florizel, bred by Sir C. Bunbury, and im- 
 ported into Virginia in 1799, when 22 years of age. He died tlie property of 
 Col. Hoomes, in 1808, aged 31 years. 
 
 1st dam, sister to Juno, by Spectator. 
 2d " " " Horatius, by Blank. 
 3d " " " " " Childers. 
 
 4tli " Miss Bel voir, by Grey Qrantliam. 
 5tli " " " " Paget Tui-k. 
 
 6th " Betty Percival, by Leeds' Arabian. 
 7th " " " " Spanker. 
 
 Florizel, by Herod, dam by Cygnet, her dam by Cartouch, grandam. Ebony, 
 by Childers, out of Old Ebony, by Basto, The Massey Mare. 
 
 Spectator, by Crab, dam by Partner, her dam Bonny Lass, by Bay Bolton, 
 Barley's Arabian, Byerly Turk, Taflfolet Barb, Place's White Turk, Natural 
 Barb Mare. 
 
 Blank, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the Little Hartley Mare, by Bart- 
 let's Childers, she out of Flying Whig, by William's Woodstock Arabian, St. 
 Victor Barb, Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb), Royal Mare. 
 
 Childers (Flying, or Devonshire), by Barley's Arabian, Betty Leedes, by 
 Careless, Sister to Leedes, by Leedes' Arabian, Spanker, Barb Mare. 
 
 Grey Grantham, by the Brownlow Turk. 
 Paget Turk. 
 Leedes' Arabian. 
 
 Spanker, by the D'Arcy Yellow Turk, his dam by Lord Fairfax's Morocco 
 Barb, o;it of Bald Peg, who was got by an Arabian, out of a Barb Mare. 
 
No. III. 
 
 PEDIGREE OF CASTIMIRA, DM OF SIR ARCHY. 
 
 Castianiea, br. f., bred by Mr. Popham, foaled 1796 ; imported and owned 
 by Col. John Tayloe, Mt. Airy, Virginia, by Rockingham. 
 
 1st dam, Tabitha, by Trentham. 
 
 2d " " " Bosphorus. 
 
 4th " Sister to Grecian Princess, by Wildman's Forester. 
 
 5th " " " " " by the Coalition Colt. 
 
 6th " " " " " " Bustard. 
 
 7th " Lord Leigh's Charming Molly, by Second. 
 
 8th " Mr. Hanger's Brown Mare, by Stanyan Arabian. 
 
 9th " Gypsey, by King William's No-tongued Barb. 
 10th " " " Makeless. 
 11th " Royal Mare. 
 
 Rockingham, by Highflyer, out of Purity, by Matchem, her dam by Squirt, 
 she out of Lot's dam, by Mogul ; Camilla, by Bay Bolton ; Old Lady, by Pul- 
 leine's Chestnut Arabian ; Rockwood, Bustler. 
 
 Trentham, by Sweepstakes, out of Miss South, by South, her dam by Car- 
 touch, out of Ebony, by Childers ; Old Ebony, by Basto ; The Massey Mare. 
 
 Wildman's Forester, by Forester, dam by Looby, out of Margery, by Part- 
 ner, Woodcock, Makeless, Brimmer, Dicky Pierson, Burton Barb Mare. 
 
 Coalition Colt, son of the Godolphin Arabian. 
 
 Bustard, by Greyhound, Makeless, Wasted Turk, Hautboy, Brimmer. 
 
 Second, by Flying Childers, dam by Basto, Curwen's Bay Barb, Curwen's 
 Spot, White-legged Lowther Barb, Old Vintner Mare. 
 
 Stanyan's Arabian. 
 
 King William's No-tongued Barb. 
 
 Makeless, by the Oglethorpe Arabian. 
 
 Royal Mare. 
 
 Royal Mares. King Charles the Second sent abroad the Master of the 
 Horse, to procure a number of foreign horses and mares for breeding, and the 
 mares brought over by him (as also many of their produce) have since been 
 called Royal Mares. 
 
Ko. IV. 
 PEDIGREE OF IMP. LEVIATHAN. 
 
 Leviathan (formerly called Mezereon), cli. c, foaled 1823, bred by Mr 
 Painter, and imported by James Jackson & Co. into Alabama, 1830 ; by Muley. 
 
 1st dam, by Windle. 
 
 2d " " Anvil. 
 
 3d " " Virago (Saltram's dam), by Snap. 
 
 4tli " " Regulus. 
 
 Stb " sister to Black and all Black, by Crab. 
 
 6tli " Miss Slamerkin, by Yovmg True Blue. 
 
 7tb " Oxford Arabian. 
 
 8th " Miss D'Arcy's Black-legged Eoyal Mare. 
 
 Muley, by OrviUe, out of Eleanor, by Whiskey, her dam Young Giantess 
 (Sorceress' dam), by Diomed ; Giantess, by Matchem ; Molly Long-legs, by Ba- 
 bvaham ; Coles Foxhunter, sister to Cato, by Partner; sister to Roxana, by the 
 Bald Galloway ; sister to Chanter, by the Akaster Turk ; Leedes' Arabian, 
 Spanker. 
 
 Windle, by Beningbrough, out of Mary Ann, by Sir Peter ; Young Marske ; 
 Matchem ; sister to Antelope, by Young Belgrade ; Scarborough Colt Mare ; 
 Bartlet's Childers ; Devonshire Turk ; Curwen's Barb ; Old Spot ; Woodcock. 
 
 Anvil, by Herod, dam by Feather, her dam Crazy, by Lath ; sister to Snip, 
 by Childers; sister to Soreheels, by Basto; (sister to the Mixbury Galloway) 
 by the Curweu Bay Barb ; Curwen Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb ; Old 
 Vintner Mare. 
 
 Snap, by Snip, dam sister to Slipby, by Fox, her dam Gipsey, by Bay Bolton ; 
 Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; Byerly Turk ; Taffolet Barb ; Place's White Turk ; 
 Natural Barb Mare. 
 
 Regulus, by the Godolphin Arabian, dam Grey Robinson, by the Bald Gal- 
 loway ; Snake ; Old Wilkes, a daughter of Old Hautboy. 
 
 Crab, by Alcock's Arabian, sister to Soreheels, by Basto, see Anvil's pedigree. 
 
 Young True Blue, by William's Turk, dam by Byerly. 
 
 Oxford Arabian. 
 
 Miss D'Arcy's Black -legged Royal Mare. 
 
No. V. 
 PEDIGREE OF IMP. PRIAM. 
 
 Priam, bay colt, foaled 1827, by Emilias, bred by Mr. W. Cliifney, and im- 
 ported in 1837, by Messrs. Merritt, of Virginia. 
 
 1st dam, Cressida (sister to Eleanor), by Whiskey. 
 
 2d " Young Giantess, by Diomed. ^ 
 
 3d " Giantess, by Matchem. V ' [fr 
 
 4tli " Molly Long-legs, by Babraham. ^^s '4 
 
 5tli " by Coles' Foxliunter. ^ •. !. 
 
 Ctli " sister to Cato, by Partner. *'- 
 
 7th. " sister to Roxana, by Bald Galloway. 
 
 Stb " sister to Chant 3r, by Akaster Turk. ' 
 
 9th " by Leedes' Arabian. j 
 
 10th " " Spanker. | 
 
 Emilias, by Orville, out of Emily, by Stamford, her dam by Whiskey, out ^yi 
 
 of Grey Dorimant, by Dorimant ; Dizzy, by Blank ; Dizzy, by Driver ; Smiling 
 Tom ; Oysterfoot ; Merlin ; Commoner ; Coppin Mare. 
 
 Whiskey, by Saltram, out of Calash, by Herod, her dam Teresa, by Match- 
 em ; Regulus; sister to the Ancaster Starling, by Starling; Ringbone, by 
 Partner ; Croft's Bay Barb ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Dicky Pierson ; Burton Barb 
 Mare. 
 
 Diomed pedigree, in full, see No. 3. 
 
 Matchem by Cade, dam by Partner, her dam by Makeless ; Brimmer ; 
 Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth; Laytou Barb Mare. 
 
 Babraham, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of the Large Hartley Mare, by 
 Mr. Hartley's Blind Horse ; Flying Whig, by William's Woodstock Arabian ; 
 St. Victor Barb ; Why-not (son of the Fenvvick Barb) ; Royal Mare. 
 
 Cole's Foshunter, by Brisk (son of Darley's Arabian), out of the Rutland 
 Brown Betty, by Basto, out of the Massey Mare, grandam of Ebony. 
 
 Partner, by Jigg, dam sister to Mixbury, by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Old Spot ; 
 White-legged Lowther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare. 
 
 Bald Galloway, by St. Victor's Barb, dam by Why-not, out of a Royal Mare. 
 
 Akaster Turk. 
 
 Leedes' Arabian. 
 
 Spanker, by the D'Arcy Yellow Turk, dam by Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb, 
 out of Bald Peg, by Arabian, out of a Barb Mare. 
 
x 
 
 No. VI. 
 PEDIGKEE OF IMP. GLENCOE. 
 
 Glencoe, ch. c, foaled 1831, by Sultan, bred by Lord Jersey, and imported 
 by James Jackson of Florence, Ala., in 1836. 
 
 1st dam, Trampoline, by Tramp. 
 
 2d " Web, by Waxy. 
 
 3d " Penelope, by Trumpator. 
 
 4tli " Prunella, by Highflyer. 
 
 5th '• Promise, by Snap. 
 
 6th " Julia, by Blank. 
 
 7th " Spectator's dam, by Partner. 
 
 Btli " Bonny Lass, by Bay Bolton. 
 
 9th " " " " Barley's Arabian. 
 
 10th " " " " Byerly Turk. 
 
 11th " " " " Taflfolet Barb. 
 
 12th " " " " Place's Wliite Turk. > 
 
 13th " Natural Barb Mare. 
 
 Sultan, by Selim, out of Bacchante, by Williamson's Ditto, her dam, 
 sister to Calomel, by Mercury ; Herod ; Folly, by Marske ; Vixen, by Regulus ; 
 Hutton's Spot ; Fox's Cub ; Bay Bolton ; Coneyskin ; Hutton's Grey Barb ; 
 Byerly Turk ; Bustler. 
 
 Tramp, by Dick Andrews, dam by Gohanna, her dam Fraxinella, by Trent- 
 ham ; Woodpecker ; Everlasting, by Eclipse ; Hysena, by Snap ; Miss Belsea, 
 by Regulus ; Bartlet's Childers ; Byerly Turk ; the dam of the two True Blues. 
 
 Waxy, by Pot-8-o's, out of Maria, by Herod, her dam Lisette, by Snap, out 
 of Miss Windsor, by the Godolphin Arabian ; sister to "Volunteer, by Young 
 Belgrade ; Bartlet's Childers ; Devonshire Chestnut Arabian ; Sister to Westbury 
 by the Curwen Bay Barb ; Old Spot ; Woodcock. 
 
 Trumpator, by Conductor, out of Brunette by Squirrel, her dam Dove by 
 Matchless ; Ancaster Starling ; Grasshopper ; Sir M. Newton's Bay Arabian ; 
 Pert ; St. Martin's ; Sir J. Hale's Turk ; The Oldfield Mare. 
 
 Highflyer, by Herod, out of Rachel, by Blank, her dam by Regulus ; Sore- 
 heels ; Makeless ; C. D'Arcy's Royal Mare. 
 
 Snap, by Snip, dam sister to Slipby, by Fox, her dam Gypsey, by Bay Bol- 
 ton ; Duke of Newcastle's Turk ; Byerly Turk ; Taffblet Barb ; Place's White 
 Turk ; Natural Barb Mare. 
 
 Blank, by Godolphin Arabian, out of Little Hartley Mare, by Bartlet'4 
 Cliilders, her dam Flying Wliig by William's Woodstock Arabian ; St. Victoi 
 Barb ; Why-not (son of the Fenwick Barb) ; Royal Mare. 
 
 Partner, by Jigg, dam sister to Mixbury by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Old Spot^ 
 White-legged Lo%vther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare. 
 
 Bay Bolton, by Grey Hautboy, dam by Makeless ; Brimmer ; Diamond ; sis- 
 ter to Merlin. 
 
 Darley's Arabian. 
 
 Byerly Turk. 
 
 Taffolet Barb. 
 
 Place's White Turk. 
 
 Natural Barb Mare. 
 
No. VII. 
 PEDIGREE OF TRUSTEE. 
 
 TRUf5TEE, ch. c, foaled 1829, by Catton, bred by Mr. Ridsdale, and imported, 
 in 1835, by Captain Stockton, U. S. N., of New Jersey. 
 
 1st dam, Emma, by Whisker. 
 
 2d " Gibside Fairy, by Hermes. 
 
 3d " Vicissitude, by Pipator. 
 
 4tb " Beatrice, by Sir Peter Teazle. 
 
 5tli " Pyrrha, by Matchem. 
 
 6th " Duchess, by Whitenose. 
 
 7th " Miss Slamerkin, by Young True Blue. 
 
 8th " " " " Oxford's Dun Arabian. 
 
 9th " " " " D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal Mare. 
 
 Catton, foaled 1809, by Golumpus, dam Lucy Gray, by Timothy, her dam 
 Lucy, by Florizel, out of Frenzy, by Eclipse ; Engineer ; Blank ; Lass of the 
 Mill, by Traveller ; Miss Makeless, by Yoimg Greyhound ; Partner ; Woodcock ; 
 Crofts' Bay Barb ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Dicky Pierson ; Burton Barb Mare. 
 
 Whisker, by Waxy, dam Penelope by Trumpator, her dam Prunella by 
 Highflyer, out of Promise, by Snap ; Julia, by Blank ; Spectator dam by Part- 
 ner ; Bonny Lass, by Bay Bolton ; Darley's Arabian ; Byerly Turk ; Taffolet 
 Barb ; Place's White Turk ; Natural Barb Mare. 
 
 Hermes, by Mercury, out of Rosina by Woodpecker, her dam Petworth by 
 Herod, out of Golden Grove by Blank ; Spinster, by Partner ; Bloody Buttocks ; 
 Greyhound ; Makeless ; Brimmer ; Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ; Layton 
 Barb. 
 
 Pipator, by Conductor, dam Brunette by Squirrel, her dam by Matchless ; 
 Ancaster Starling ; Grasshopper ; Sir M. Newton's Bay Arabian ; Pert ; St. Mar- 
 tins ; Sir E. Hales's Turk ; The Old Field Mare. 
 
 Sir Peter Teazle, by Highflyer, dam Papillon by Snap, her dam Miss Cleve- 
 land, by Regulus ; Midge, by a sou of Bay Bolton ; Bartlet's Childers ; Honey- 
 wood's Arabian ; True Blues Dam. 
 
 Matchem, by Cade, dam by Partner, her dam by Makeless ; Brimmer ; 
 Place's White Turk ; Dodsworth ; Layton Barb Mare. 
 
 Whitenose, by the Godolphin Arabian, dam sister to Blaze by Childers ; 
 Confederate Filly, by Grey Grantham ; Duke of Rutland's Black Barb ; Bright 
 Roan ; Young True Blue, by William's Turk, dam by Byerly ; Oxford Dun 
 Arabian. 
 
 D'Arcy's Black-legged Royal Mare. 
 
No. VIIL 
 PEDIGREE OF AMERICM ECLIPSE. 
 
 American Eclipse, ch. c, bred by Gen. Nathaniel Coles, at Dosoris, Queens 
 County, Long Island, foaled May 25 tb, 1814, by Duroc. 
 
 1st dam, Miller's Damsel, by Imp. Messenger. 
 
 2d " Imp. Mare, by Pot-8-o's. 
 
 Sd " " " " Gimcrack. 
 
 4tb " Snap Dragon, by Snap. 
 
 5th " " " " Regulus. 
 
 6th " " " " Bartlet's Childers. 
 
 Ttli " " " " Honeywood's Arabian. 
 
 8th '• " " dam of the Two True Blues, by Byerly. 
 
 Duroc, by Imp. Diomed, dam Amanda, by Grey Diomed, her dam by Virginia 
 Cade ; Hickman's Independence ; Dolly Fine, by Imp. Silver Eye ; Imp. Badger; 
 Forester ; Imp. Silver Eye ; Imp. Monkey. 
 
 Imp. Messenger, by Mambrine, dam by Turf, she out of sister to Figurante 
 by Regulus ; by Starling ; Snap's dam by Fox ; Gipsey, by Bay Bolton ; Duke of 
 Newcastle's Turlv ; Byerly Turk ; TafFoIet Barb ; Place's White Turk ; Natural 
 Barb Mare. 
 
 Pot-8-o's, by Eclipse, out of Sportmistress, by Warren's Sportsman, her dam 
 Golden Locks, by Oroonoko ; Valiant's dam by Crab ; by Partner ; Thwait's Dun 
 Mare, by Akaster Turk. 
 
 Gimcrack, by Cripple, out of Miss Elliott, by Gresiwood's Partner, her dam 
 Cselia, by Partner ; Bloody Buttocks ; Greyhound ; Brocklesby Betty, by Curwen's 
 Bay Barb ; Leedes' Hobby Mare, by the Lister Turk. 
 
 Snap by Snip, dam by Fox, her dam Gipsey by Bay Bolton ; Duke of New- 
 castle's Turk ; Byerly Turk ; Taffolet Barb ; Place's White Tui-k ; Natural Barb 
 Mare. 
 
 Regains, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Grey Robinson, by the Bald Gal 
 loway ; by Snake ; Old V/ilkes, by Old Hautboy. 
 
 Bartlet's Childers, by Darley's Arabian, out of Betty Leedes, by Careless ; 
 sister to Leedes, by Leedes' Arabian ; Spanker ; Barb Mare, which was Spank- 
 er's dam. 
 
 Honeywood Arabian. 
 
 Byerly Turk. 
 
Ko. IX. 
 PEDIGREE OF BOSTON. 
 
 BosTOX, ell. c, bred by J. Wickham, Richmond, Va., foaled 1833, by Timo- 
 leon. 
 
 1st dam, sister to Tuckahoe, by Ball's Florizel. 
 
 2d " " " " " Imp. Alderman. 
 
 8d " " " " " Imp. Clockfast. 
 
 4tli " " " " " Symmes Wildair. 
 
 5th. '' Young Kitty Fislier, by Imp. Fearnouglit. 
 
 6tli " Imp. Kitty Fislier, by Cade. 
 
 7tli " " " " '•■ Cullen Arabian. 
 
 8tli " Bald Charlotte, by Old Royal. 
 
 9th " " " " Bethell's Castaway. 
 
 10th " " " " Brimmer. 
 
 Timoleon, by £ir Arcliy, dam by Imp. Saltram, her dam by Symmes Wildair ; 
 Imp. Driver ; Imp. Fearnought ; Imp. Fellow (son of Cade) ; Imp. Vampire. 
 
 Ball's Florizel, by Imp. Diomed, dam by Imp. Shark, her dam by Harris' 
 Eclipso ; Imp. Fearnoug-ht ; Imp. Jolly Roger ; Imp. Sober John ; Imp. Shock. 
 
 Imp. Alderman, by Pot-8-o's, out of Lady Bolingbrokc, by Squirrel, her dam 
 Cypron (King Herod's dam), by Blaze ; Selima, by Bethell's Arabian ; Gra- 
 ham's Champion ; Parley's Arabian ; Merlin. 
 
 Imp. Clockfast, by Gimcrack, dam Miss Ingram, by Regulus, her dam Miss 
 Doe, by Sedbury ; Miss Mayes, by Bartlet's Childers ; by Snake ; by Luggs ; Dan- 
 iel's Old Vv'oodcock. 
 
 Symmes Wildair, by Imp. Fearnought, dam by Imi?. Jolly Roger, her dam 
 Imp. Kitty Fisher, by Cade, which see above. 
 
 Imp. Fearnought, by Regulus; out of Silvertail, by Mr. Heneage's White- 
 nose, her dam by Rattle ; Darley's Arabian ; Old Child Mare, by Sir T. Gres- 
 ley's Bay Arabian ; Mr. Cook's Vixen, by the Helrasley Tui'k ; Dod worth's 
 Royal Mare. 
 
 Cade, by the Godolphin Arabian, out of Roxana, by the Bald Galloway, her 
 dam sister to Chanter, by the Akaster Turk , Leedes' Arabian ; Spanker. 
 
 The Cullen Arabian. 
 
 Old Royal by the Holderness Turk ; Blunderbuss ; Royal Mare. 
 
 Bethell's Castaway, by Merlin, sister to Mr. Bethell's Ruffler, by a son of 
 Brimmer's ; Dick Burton's Mare, whose pedigree has been long lost. 
 
 Brimmer, by the Yellow Tm-k ; Royal Maxe. 
 
No. X. 
 
 PEDIGREE OF FASfflON. 
 
 Fashion, cli. f., foaled 1837, bred by Wm. Gibbons, of New Jersey ; owned 
 afterwards by Messrs. Reber & Kutz, Lancaster, Ohio, by Imported Trustee. 
 
 1st dam. Bonnets O'Blue, by Sir Charles. 
 
 2d " Reality, by Sir Archy. 
 
 3d " " " Imp. Medley. 
 
 4th " " " Mark Anthony. 
 
 5th " " " Imp. Janus. 
 
 6th '• " " Imp. Monkey. 
 
 7th " " " Imp. Silver Eye 
 
 8th " " " Spanker. , 
 
 Trustee pedigree, see No. 7. 
 
 Sir Charles, by Sir Archy, dam by Imp. Citizen, her dam by Commutation ; 
 Imp. Dare Devil ; Sally Shark, by Imp. Shark ; Betsey Pringle, by Imp. Fear- 
 nought ; Imp. Jenny Dismal, by Old Dismal, son of the Godolphin Arabian, her 
 dam by Lord Godolphin's Whitefoot. 
 
 Sir Archy, by Imp. Diomed, dam Imp. Castianera, by Rockingham, see Nos. 
 2 and 4. 
 
 Imp. Medley, by Gimcrack, dam Arminda, by Snap, her dam Miss Cleveland, 
 by Regulus ; Midge; Bartlet's Childers ; Honeywood's Arabian ; dam of the 
 Two True Blues. 
 
 Mark Anthony, by Partner, dam Imp. Septima, by Imp. Othello, her dam 
 Moll Brazen, by Cub ; Torrismond ; Second ; Mogul ; Sweepstakes ; Bay Bolton ; 
 Curwen's Bay Barb ; Curwen's Old Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb. 
 
 Imp. Janus, by Janus (son of the Godolphin Arabian), dam by Old Fox, 
 grandam by Bald Galloway. 
 
 Imp. Monkey, by Lord Lonsdale's Bay Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; 
 Byerly Tm-k ; Arabian Mare. 
 
 Imp. Silver Eye, by Cullen's Arabian, dam by Curwen's Bay Barb ; Byerly 
 Turk ; Curwen's Spot ; White-legged Lowther Barb ; Old Vintner Mare. 
 
 Spanker, by D'Arcy's Yellow Turk, dam by Lord Fairfax''s Morocco Barb ; 
 Bald Peg, by an Arabian ; Barb Mare. 
 
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