il 
 
 m 
 
COMPENDIUM 
 
 O F 
 
 PRACTICAL and EXPERIMENTAL 
 
 FARRIERY, 
 
 {Price FIFE SHILLINGS in Boards. ] 
 
Of the Publljlien of this Volume may be had, by tliefame Aut&g, 
 
 The GENTLEMAN'S STABLE DIRECTORY; 
 
 Ok, MODERN SYSTEM of FARRIERY. 
 
 Comprehending every ufeful inftruction for Equefb."ian ma- 
 nagement in ficknefs or in health ; difeafes are traced to their 
 origin, and the caufes explained; proper modes of prevention 
 are particularly pointed out, and the direct methods of cure 
 clearly confirmed. Occafional obfervations are introduced 
 -upon the erroneous treatment, and almoft obfolete prefcriptiohs 
 of Gibfon, Bracken, Bartlet, Qfmer, and others; with general 
 directions for buying and felling, feeding, bleeding, purging, 
 and getting into condition, for their various purpofes, horfes of 
 every denomination. To which are now added, Applicable and 
 Experimental Remarks on the proper treatment of draught 
 horfes, the qualifications and dangerous practice of country 
 farriers, and the deftructive infatuation of farmers fervants. — 
 Oclavo. — The twelfth edition, with a portrait of the author. — 
 Price 6s. 6d. in boards. 
 
 Vol. II. of the fame -work as the former. — Containing Expe- 
 rimental Remarks yx^ow breeding, breaking, fioeing, fabling, 
 exercife, and roivelling. To which, are added, particular in- 
 structions for the general management of Hunters and Road 
 Horses; with concluding obfervations upon the present 
 State of the Turf — Octavo. — The third edition.— Price 6.s. 
 In boards. 
 
A 
 
 COMPENDIUM 
 
 O F 
 
 PRACTICAL and EXPERIMENTAL 
 
 FARRIERY, 
 
 originally 
 Suggested byREASONand confirmed byPRACTICE. 
 
 EQUALLY ADAPTEB To THE CONVENIENCE OF 
 
 The GENTLEMAN, the FARMER, the GROOM, 
 
 AND THE SMITH. 
 INTERSPERSED 
 
 With such REMARKS, and elucidated with such CASES, 
 
 AS EVIDENTLY TEND TO INSURE THE 
 
 PREVENTION, 
 
 AS WELL AS TO ASCERTAIN THE 
 
 CURE of DISEASE. 
 
 By WILLIAM TAPLIN, Surgeon, 
 
 AUTHOR OF 
 
 "The GENTLEMAN'S STABLE DIRECTORY, 2 Vols.' 
 The Twelfth Edition of which is now published. 
 
 BRENTFORD, 
 
 PRINTED BY P. NORBURY, FOR. 
 
 G. G. and J. ROBINSON, Pater-Noster-Row; 
 And G. KEARSLEY, Fleet-Street, London. 
 
 M,DCCjXCVI. 
 
; 
 
r 
 
i 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 
 APOLOGY 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 
 * ■ 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 JL O account 
 
 in fome decree for 
 
 the va- 
 
 xious publications upon fo popular a fubjecl:, 
 it becomes indifpenfibry neceiTary to take 
 into the fcale of coniideration, the diftincT: 
 motives acluating the different parties by 
 whom thofe appeals are fo frequently made 
 to the pecuniary fenfations of a liber? 1 and 
 indulge-ife public. Experience has fuffici- 
 ently lhewn, that from the magnitude, as 
 well as the universality of the fubjecl:, 
 works of refpe&ability and genius will 
 always be received with avidity and 
 ftamped with fuccefs ; as well from thofe 
 
 b * whofe a 
 
vi. AFOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 whole refearches are fcientific, as from 
 that clafs whofe difcoveries and improve- , 
 merits arife from the experimental pages 
 that fo inceffantly prefent themfelves in 
 
 the IMMENSE VOLUME of PRACTICAL 
 
 investigation, 
 
 Thefe are reflections that might not per- 
 haps have been obtruded upon the readers 
 of this tract, had they not upon every 
 principle of justice, become unavoidably 
 necefTary, to fhield the public from any 
 and every fpecies of impofition ; but more 
 particularly where their judgement has 
 been afTailed and their pockets attacked by 
 thofe unprincipled adventurers, who have 
 with the molt abandoned effrontery rendered 
 my name the oftenfible inftrument of de- 
 ception, in the publication of a pamphlet, 
 (upon the illiteracy or obfolete prefcriptions 
 
 of 
 
APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. vii. 
 
 of which it is not my province to decide ) 
 intitled " Taplin Improved," but with 
 a degree of impudence hardly to be pa- 
 ralleled in the long lift of literary de- 
 predations, have boldly and villainoujly 
 annexed a label of " Taplin's Farriery" 
 to the back of each, as one proof of the 
 liberty of the prefs, that they fo confcien- 
 jioufly feem to defpife. 
 
 To detect villainy and to punijh it, is 
 the duty of every individual in civilized 
 fociety, but in the prefent inftance perhaps 
 the remedy might prove worfe than the 
 difeafe ; the depredators are therefore per- 
 mitted to enjoy their plunder with im- 
 punity. As fome fecurity however to the 
 public, againit fuch an incredible and in- 
 famoujly falfe mode of attracting attention, 
 it is become an ad of grateful respect 
 b 2 to 
 
viii. APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 to hold forth the moft unequivocal af- 
 furance, that I am as little known to the 
 publilhers of that paltry production, as the 
 work is efititled to the name they have fo 
 fraudulently afiumed. 
 
 Reflecting the publication of, and un- 
 fullied approbation beftowed upon my for- 
 mer volumes, fome few remarks become 
 abfolutely necefTary for the introduction of 
 this ; no one of which can perhaps prove 
 more happily applicable than 
 
 4i Frujlra lab or at, qui omnibus placer e 
 fiudet" 
 
 So confpicuouily depicted in the front of 
 my Operative Farriery, that it feems to 
 fay ( with very little claffical variation) 
 
 " Vain 
 
APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY &, 
 
 6i Vain his attempt who Jirives to pleafe 
 ye all;' 
 
 A motto by no means ill adapted to the 
 public conduct of any individual in the 
 kingdom ; particularly to thofe whofe pro- 
 feffional efforts become dependent upon 
 the capricious multitude for the honourable 
 flamp of approbation. 
 
 Under the influence of this reafoning 
 it may be conceived, there are fome, to 
 whom thofe volumes may not have con- 
 veyed all that might have been introduced 
 upon each fubject individually ; whilft on 
 the contrary, others may have been miti- 
 gated to believe, matters of little moment 
 have been treated with too much prolixity: 
 both promulgating their oppofite opinions 
 as influenced by caprice or dif appointment. 
 
 It 
 
x. APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 It may alfo have been urged, with at *^X 
 leafl the appearance of plaufibility , that the f 
 voluminous expanfion and confequent, ex- 
 pence of the former work, had rendered 
 it inacceffible to perfons whofe porTeflions 
 were below the line of mediocrity; whereby 
 its intentional utility has been contracted, 
 and its circulation confined to perfons of a 
 certain defcription only. 
 
 To wipe away thefe objections by re- 
 ducing the various improvements and ufe-* 
 ful difcoveries of fix years fuccefsful practice 
 ( fince the publication of " The Stable 
 Directory," ) to fuch fcale of moderation 
 as _ may come within the reach of every 
 perfon interefted in its contents, is the 
 defign of the prefent undertaking ; to in- 
 troduce a fyftem founded upon the bans of 
 reafon, juftified by experience, and con* 
 
 firmed 
 
APOLOGY INTRODUCTORY, xi. 
 
 Hrmed by the plaudits of judicious ob- 
 fervers, to the utter exclufion of error 
 and inhumanity, has hitherto been, and 
 will continue the anxious endeavour of 
 the Public's 
 
 Moft grateful and obedient Servant, 
 
 The AUTHOR. 
 
 Equejirian Receptacle 
 and Operative Farriery, 
 Edge-ware Road, ♦ 
 
 London, 
 ^December i, 1795. 
 
EQJJESTRIAN RECEPTACLE, 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION REPOSITORY, 
 
 MEDICAL DISPENSARY, 
 
 And OPERATIVE FARRIERY, 
 
 Edgeware-Road, London, 
 
 For Horfes at Livery, Sale upon Commiflion by private 
 Contract, courfe of Phyfic for promotion, of Condition, 
 cure of Difeafe, Shoeing in the higheft ftile of excellence, 
 and every defcription of Operative Farriery, under a Sub- 
 fcription of One Guinea only for perpetual Admiffion to 
 all the Advantages. Mr. Taplin continues to give his Opi- 
 nion upon the Defects and Difeafes of Horfes, or to render 
 Afiiflance in all Cafes of Difficulty and Danger, upon the 
 following Terms: — At Home, and within a Mile of the 
 Receptacle, Half-a-Guinea; from one Mile to four, a 
 Guinea; four to ten, a Guinea and Half ; ten to twenty, tzvo 
 Guineas; and in proportion for any diftance from the 
 Metropolis. 
 
 3 lift of H 
 
 fee Conclufion, 
 
C OMPE NDIUM 
 
 PRACTICAL and EXPERIMENTAL 
 
 FARRIERY. 
 
 PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 ROM whatever caufe, whether the in- 
 attention and want of liberality in the 
 Great, a deficiency in the profeffional emu- 
 lation of one clafs, or the general illiteracy 
 of another, it is by no means necefTary 
 to decide : — -But univerfally admitted it 
 muft be, that the origin, difcovery, and 
 difcrimination of Disease in the horse 9 
 has by no means kept pace with the im- 
 provements in every art and science for 
 which the Ifland we inhabit is become 
 fo eminently diflinguifhed. For this na- 
 B tiona} 
 
± PREFATORY REMARKS, 
 
 « 
 
 tional defe&, in which fuch a general apa- 
 thy and ignorance feems to have prevailed, 
 one good reafon, founded in juftice, can 
 only be affigned — the very trifling and in- 
 adequate excitement hitherto held out, in 
 pecuniary compenfation, for whatever fer- 
 vicesxnay have been rendered in both the 
 prefcriptive and operative branches of the 
 practice ;— a predominant confideration, 
 why, (with very few, and thole recent 
 exceptions) none but the lowefc orders of 
 fociety, have been induced to embark in 
 an undertaking of fo much dangerous la- 
 hour, with fo mallow a portion of either 
 credit or emolument. In fact it is ge- 
 nerally known, and muft be as candidly 
 admitted, that there is no trade or vocation 
 that has held much lefs weight in the fcale 
 of fociety, than thofe called farriers and 
 smiths ; or whofe accuftomed receipts of 
 money have been fo ill proportioned to the 
 fatigue and danger to which they are eter- 
 nally expofed — and this is a felf evident 
 truth, that mull: bring itfelf home to the 
 reader of reflection in every part of the 
 kingdom* 
 
 If 
 
PREFATORY REMARKS. 3 
 
 If we advert to collateral aid for addi- 
 tional reafoningj it will prove ftrong in~ 
 the recollection of every equeftrian ob- 
 ferver, that the shoeing of horses, and 
 the more dano;erous offices of operative 
 farriery, have feldom or ever been un- 
 dertaken, or pradtifed, but by that order 
 of men, who have never been bleffed 
 with the advantages of education ; by the 
 help of which they might acquire a com- 
 petent knowledge of the property of Me- 
 dicine, the Animal CEconomy, or the 
 Anatomical Structure of the fubject 
 before us. The reafon of this to every 
 rational inveftigator, is too evidently clear 
 to require a moment's elucidation ; re- 
 fined fenfations and a folicitation of danger 
 fo little correfpond, that one prudently 
 points out the abfolute policy, not to fay 
 necejjity, of avoiding the other. 
 
 Under the influence of this confi- 
 deration it is not only fair to conclude, 
 but the trial of centuries upon centuries 
 has convinced us, that none but thofe 
 without property, (as well as the means 
 of poffeffing it,) and without the exhi- 
 B 2 liratins: 
 
4 PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 lirating polifh of mental improvement, 
 have ever yet fubmitted to the moil dan* 
 gerous of all manual employments. So 
 ftxicHy conformable to truth is this repre- 
 fentation, that not one in twenty , in either 
 town or country, has ever left behind him 
 a fingle Fifty Pounds > as confolation or fup- 
 port to his family. Exclufive of thefe in- 
 conveniencies, fo difcouraging have been 
 the profpecls to a young man of ftrong in- 
 tellects and powerful reflection, that he 
 may have declined the idea of embarking 
 in the bufinefs, confcious that his afTocia- 
 tion muft have been inflantly deftined to 
 the lowefr. claiTes of fociety ; and that when 
 he had ftrenuoufly endeavoured to refcue 
 the art from its original ignorance and bar- 
 barity, he might then be rewarded with 
 the contemptuous appellation of " a Horfe 
 Doctor " from which he could have no 
 means of extrication. 
 
 Taking thefe remarks as the ground* 
 work of reafoning, to fupport the opinion, 
 why the Art and Praclice of Farriery has 
 remained fo long without cultivation and 
 improvement, it becomes direclly in point, 
 
 to 
 
PREFATORY REMARKS. 5 
 
 to proceed a litle farther in the fame ltrain, 
 to corroborate the original fuggeftion. In 
 fo doing we naturally proceed to confider 
 the ftate and condition of thofe who volun- 
 tarily place their children to fo dangerous 
 and fo unprofitable an employment. It 
 cannot be difputed that the poor feel equal, 
 parental attachment with the rich, and 
 would probably venture as far, or farther, 
 to prevent their offspring from embarking 
 in a fervice of danger. In the paupers 
 adoption of Trade or Calling, there is fre- 
 quently no one alternative, 
 
 6i NeceJJitas. non hajjet legend 
 
 Is the prefling fact ; the vulgar, but no lefs 
 expreflive adage, that " half 'a loaf is bet- 
 ter than no bread" and " a bad trade is bet- 
 ter than none,"' are fo truly in point, that 
 the choice has been, beyond a doubfe, 
 made upon compuljion. ; and few have ever 
 become Knights of the Anvil, but from 
 the eaves of a Cottage or the walls of a, 
 Work-houfe. 
 
 B 3 A vanefcy 
 
6 PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 A variety of inftances might be ad- 
 duced to produce conviction, that the 
 more the mind becomes expanded by the 
 rays of refinement, the lefs it is difpofed to 
 encounter the fubfervience of drudgery, and 
 the mortifying fenfations of partial indif- 
 ference or popular contempt ; from which 
 reflection it may be fairly inferred, that 
 very few, if any, who become proficients 
 in the ftudy of Phyfic, Anatomy, and 
 peculiar property of the different Medi- 
 cines, will condefcend to blend fuch know- 
 ledge with the operative part, but confider 
 it fuperior to the dignity of the leathern 
 apron, the Vulcanian fledge, the act of 
 Shoeing, and the long lift of inferior offices 
 which muft always continue thai clafs in a 
 ftate of fubordination. 
 
 Looking therefore with the eye of retro- 
 fpection, to the great combination of ob- 
 ftacles the profeffion has unluckily had to 
 encounter, no furprize can enfue that . it 
 has made fo little progrefs to perfection. 
 Although this circumftance is moft feri- 
 ouily to be regretted, yet little expectation 
 •of reformation can be indulged, till thofe 
 
 hetero- 
 
PREFATORY REMARKS. 7 
 
 » heterogeneous eontraits become reconciled, 
 or the practical duties refpectively per- 
 formed by the prefer iptive powers of the 
 Equestrian Physician on one part, and 
 
 * an implicit obedience is exacted from the 
 Operative Farrier on the other, 
 
 Thus much having been neceiTarily in* 
 troduced upon the unfortunate inability 
 of thofe whofe confidence has been equal 
 to their want of fkill and difcretion, and 
 to whofe fuperintendance mifferable objects 
 are fo unavoidably fubmitted in the dif- 
 trefimg moments of emergency ; admiration 
 can be but little excited, when reflecting 
 upon the fcene of deitruction that fo fre- 
 quently enfues, and of which various in- 
 stances will be neceiTarily introduced in; 
 the courfe pf the work, 
 
 Having taken a fuperficial furvey of the 
 charactenitic traits that fo eminently dif- 
 tinguifh the Professors of Farriery in 
 general, (but more particularly thofe en- 
 gaged in the drudgery of Country Practice) 
 i| in fact reflects no difcredit on the parties 
 B 4 themfelve^ 
 
3 DISEASE. 
 
 themfelves that they are fo little adequate 
 to the talk of difquifition, or enabled to 
 develope the origin and progress of 
 
 D I S E x^ S E, 
 
 With that nice and diftinguifhing eye of 
 difcrimination, from which only the plea- 
 ling, profpeel: of early relief and permanent 
 cure can be derived. 
 
 For want of this peculiar property, they 
 have been too much accuftomed to meet 
 the fubject with the eye of anticipation, 
 and deciding without the flricl and deli- 
 berate examination fo truly neceflary to 
 the exclufion of hypothejis and attainment 
 cf truth, they frequently hazard a pro- 
 feffional prediction of ambiguity ; moll 
 contemptibly promising the interpofition 
 of Miracles, which are not within the 
 extent of their medical knowledge, 
 or ancient arcana to perform. Thus in- 
 judicioufly deciding in hade and pro- 
 ceeding in error, they conftantly doom 
 to difTolution a variety of fubjects, that 
 
 with 
 
DISEASE. 9 
 
 •with very fimple treatment, and a clofe 
 adhefion to the efforts of nature, might 
 have probably -experienced not only a fpee- 
 dy mitigation of predominant iymptoms,but 
 a gradationai extrication from difeafe s 
 pain, and difquietude. 
 
 Under fuch circumftances of profeffional 
 inability, (in fact, under a total want of 
 -thofe leading acquifitions to a fuperiority 
 of judgement,) there can be no doubt but 
 too much is introduced upon many occa- 
 sions, and a vaft deal of medicine errone- 
 oufly admini flared, to the evident deftruc- 
 tion of many valuable fubjects ; a recent 
 and jlriking inftance of which will be 
 applicably introduced, to corroborate the 
 idea, in oppofition to thofe profeffionally 
 interefted, who may be inclined to indulge 
 a doubt upon the fubjecl:. 
 
 To point out, without the difpofition to 
 reform, the deficiencies — errors — or indif- 
 cretions of predeceflbrs, or competitors, 
 may perhaps have been a practice too much 
 in ufe ; whether arifing from the different 
 paffions with which our frames are fo pow- 
 erfully 
 
io SYMPTOM S. 
 
 erfully and plentifully impregnated, it is* 
 not the employment of the prefent moment 
 to enquire. Suffice it therefore to obferve, 
 the more humane and difpaffionate defiga 
 of the following pages mail be to hold out' 
 if poffible, a remedy for the defect ; by 
 reducing to the comprehension of every 
 intelligent reader, the means of acquiring, 
 from predominant symptoms, the difcri- 
 mination of disease, in accurately afcer- 
 taining which, he can alone poflefs the 
 power and hope of administering relief. 
 
 SYMPTOMS 
 
 OF 
 
 DISQUIETUDE, PAIN, or DISEASE, 
 
 Are fo different in their difplay, in pro- 
 portion to the irritability of the subject, 
 the acutenefs of the attack, or the grada- 
 tional progrefs of difeafe, that they may, 
 without the least deviation from the line 
 of fyftematic investigation, be divided into 
 two kinds ; — distinct, when any one 
 symptom becomes the abfolute di-ftinguifh- 
 
SYMPTOMS. ii 
 
 ihg prognoftic of a particular difeafe ; — and 
 Complex, where' a variety of fymptoms 
 fo uniformly correfpond, as to prove a 
 complication of cafes ; as in fome inftances 
 where one difeafe becomes for the time, 
 dependent upon another. This is frequently 
 the cafe with the Strangury, or Supprejjion 
 of Urine, when the original caufe centers 
 in a retention of indurated excrementitious 
 mafs, previoufTy locked up in the inteftinal 
 canal, there producing, (by a preternatural 
 distention) excefiive pain and fubfequent 
 inflammation, of which we Shall have oc- 
 casion to fpeak hereafter. In cafes of this 
 defcription, appearances become fo truly 
 complex, and fo critically alarming, that 
 they require a certain degree of nice dif- 
 crimination and patient attention, to 
 avoid even the chance of falling into any 
 of the Profeffional Errors already defcribed. 
 
 Symptoms of prefent pain, or approach- 
 ing diieafe, are included in the following 
 variety, and denote in their predominance 
 fuch difeafes as will in our progreffive re- 
 marks become the fubjecl of future ob- 
 fervation. 
 
 A Drowfy 
 
iz SYMPTOMS. 
 
 A Drowfy Reftlefsnefs and Difquietucfb 
 In the Stable. 
 
 A Languor and difficulty of Refpiratiorj 
 in Action. 
 
 A Fulnefs of the Eye-Lids, and Diflil- 
 lation of Serum from the Eyes. 
 
 A fhort irregular Cough, and Swelling 
 of the Glands, 
 
 A Refufal of Food. 
 
 AClamminefsin, and Flefhy Smell from 
 the Mouth ; with or without a violent 
 Heat under the "Tongue. 
 
 A Coldnefs of the Ears and Extremities^ 
 
 A Defective Languor in, or an exceffii/e 
 ^ukknefs of the Pulse. 
 
 A Heaving of the Flank. 
 
 A Palpitation of the Heart. 
 
 A Difcolouration of the Internal Parts 
 furrounding the Orb of the Eye. 
 
 A Swelling of the Sheath or Legs. 
 
 A Straining 
 
SYMPTOMS* 13 
 
 A Straining to eitker Evacuation without 
 Effedt. 
 
 » And the more palpable External Symp* 
 toms, and extravagant Diftortions fo uni- 
 Verfally known in. the Staggers, and thole 
 acute and dangerous Diforders the Inflam- 
 matory and Flatulent Cholic, paffing 
 under the g-eneral denomination of the 
 Gripes, or the Fret, without judicioufly 
 diflingnifhing between the Caufe of one, 
 and the Dangerous Effect of the other. 
 
 To cautioufly examine, accurately af- 
 certain, and properly apply any part of 
 thefe Symptoms to the original caufe 
 that produced the effect, is the duty of 
 the Veterinarian Inveftigator ; upon 
 the indif put able certainty of which only, 
 can be founded any rational hope and ex« 
 peculation of fpeedy extrication. 
 
 When we ferioufly reflect upon the 
 advantages refulting in difcovery from 
 thefe indications of Nature, labouring under 
 depreffion, by which alone the leading traits 
 of each particular difeafe is to be derived, 
 
 it 
 
r 4 STATE OF BLOOE 
 
 it affords no fmall degree of gratification 
 to the fcientific enquirer, that much ad- 1 
 ditional information may be collected from 
 
 The STATE of the BLOO D. 
 
 A proportion of which may at all times* 
 be extracted from the neck vein, in 
 quantity adapted to the fize, ftate, and 
 general appearance of the fubject difeafed £ 
 as, a Pint — two Pints — three Pints — or 
 even two Quarts, from large and ftrong 
 horfes, as well as from thofe labouring 
 under inflammatory diforders, where the 
 fulnefs of the vefTels, or the emergency of 
 the cafe will juftify, (in fact ought to re- 
 gulate) the fcale of depletion. And here 
 it may not prove inapplicable to obferve, 
 that in all cafes where a repetition of bleed- 
 ing becomes necefTary at the difbance .of 
 twenty-four or thirty-fix hours, no danger 
 need be apprehended from twice or tfirice 
 the lofs ; provided the fubject, during the 
 intervening period, takes a fufficient quan- 
 tity of nutritive aliment, from which the 
 
 gradations! 
 
 w - 
 
STATE OF BLOOD. 15 
 
 gradational fupply of blood continues to 
 generate. 
 
 Having in my former publications {tiffi- 
 ciently reprobated the ridiculous and con- 
 temptible cuftom of " bleeding on a dung- 
 hill," without refpect either to the quan- 
 tity or the quality of blood fo taken, (as 
 diverted of every idea or intent of ratio* 
 nality) it remains only to ft/ate demonftra- 
 tive reafons, why the quantity fo taken, 
 mould be entirely regulated by the occa- 
 fion that fuggefts the propriety of the ope- 
 ration ; as well as why the blood mould be 
 referved fome hours, //// cold, for the pur- 
 pofe of analization, from which alone 
 much ufeful information is to be obtained. 
 
 The quantity proper to be taken, be- 
 comes more immediately the object of con- 
 sideration, becaufe, in a great variety of 
 inftances, blood requires to be drawn 
 merely to afcertain its property, as a lead- 
 ing ftep to difcovering the original caufe ; 
 whilft on the contrary, in the greater num- 
 ber of practical cafes, it becomes unavoid- 
 ably necefTary to the immediate cure of 
 
 difeafe. 
 
i£ STATE OF BLOOD. 
 
 dlfeafe.. As for irrftance, in emaciated fub- 
 jecls, when, from an evident impoverished 
 flate, and confequent languor of circula- 
 tion, difeafe is fufpe&ed to arife from, ol 
 to have originated in an acrimony of the 
 blood, a very fmall portion will fuffice to 
 demonstrate, how far the property of fuch 
 blood is below the ftandard, neceffary to 
 the preformation of health and purity of 
 condition. 
 
 To render this examination the more 
 comprehenfive and intelligible, as well as 1 
 to render it lefs liable to error, let us accu- 
 rately ftate what is the diftincl: and almofl 
 invariable appearance of the blood drawn 
 from a fubjedt perfect in all the fecretions 
 and evacuations, — fine in coat, — clear in 
 the wind, and abfolutely free from every 
 trait of cold — pain, or difquietude ; having 
 in fact gone through the medical prepara- 
 tives, and ready to encounter the bufinefs 
 of the Turf, Field* or Road. Previous 
 to drawing this blood, let its component 
 parts be fo far explained, that no mifcon- 
 ception may arife in the difquifition ; it is 
 therefore to be underftood, that the blood 
 
 coniinV 
 
STATE OF BLOOD. if 
 
 ' confifts of Crajjamentum, Size, and Serum , 
 - exclufive of the imperceptible Spirit and 
 Salts with which it is fo powerfully im- 
 pregnated ; a farther elucidation of which 
 becomes no way inftrumental to our pre- 
 fent inveftigation, as it can only be re- 
 duced to preciiion by a procefs in che- 
 miftry, that even in defcription would 
 lead us from the direct page of indifpu- 
 table demonftration. 
 
 Suffice it therefore to have recollection, 
 that the Crassamentum is the Coagulum 
 (or Mafs ;) the Size is the gelatinous co- 
 louriefs fubflance which generally, in a 
 'greater or lefs degree, covers the furface ; 
 and the Serum is the liquid in which the 
 Coagulum floats. This being the defcrip- 
 tive ftate of blood in general, a few hours 
 after it is extracted, we return to the 
 infpection of blood we are fuppofed to have 
 taken away from the Horfe of Perfection' 
 juft defcribed ; which we mould find to be 
 nearly Jive eighths of Crassamentum, or 
 folid, to three eighths of Serum, or liquid, 
 the Craffamentum . upon being feparated, 
 proving of a fine florid appearance, with 
 C hardly 
 
18 STATE OF BLOOD, 
 
 hardly a buffmefs, or fkin of fize upon the ' 
 furface. >' 
 
 Fixing this defcription of the Blood, as 
 the almoft. invariable criterion of perfection 
 in the fubjecl:, it will be readily conceived, 
 the greater the deviation (either one way 
 or the other) from this appearance, the 
 more we are 'above, or below the flate 
 and circulation neceffary to the bans and 
 prefervation of health and condition. As for 
 inftance,— In all difeafed fubjects will be 
 found a too great, or too f mall proportion of 
 Crassamentum, or Serum, with its colla- 
 teral difproportion of Size ; upon the gra- 
 dational vifcidity and confequent tendency 
 to inflammation in which, depends in ge- 
 neral the mildnefs or feverity of difeafe. 
 
 Introducing thus much, to render the 
 ftate and property of the Blood as clearly 
 comprehenlive as the nature of technical 
 difquifition can poffibly admit, we proceed 
 in the plain and unembellilhed tafk of in- 
 vefligation, by found reafoning and fcien- 
 tific conviction, to hold forth an unerring 
 defcription of difeafe from external appear- 
 ances; 
 
STATE OF BLOOD. i 9 
 
 ► ances ; and to demonftrate the progrefs of 
 Morbidity, from fuch analyfis of the blood, 
 as it is the purport of thefe pages to in- 
 culcate as one of the great objects of reform; 
 and to eflablifh its neceffity as a leading 
 ftep to prevention and Cure, in all cafes 
 where the circulation is concerned. 
 
 Having already described the component 
 parts of the blood, under the three diflindt 
 heads of CrafTamentum, Serum, and Size, 
 we proceed to confider the difproportion 
 of the latter, and the flate of its vifcidity ; 
 upon the inflexible rigidity of which, ex- 
 perience daily teaches us to rely* for the 
 length of time the circulation has laboured 
 under a preternatural oppreffion, as well 
 as to form fome rational idea upon the pro- 
 bable duration and termination of difeafe : 
 bearing it in mind alfo, that an additional 
 ftage of feverity becomes annexed to the 
 difeafe, when an extreme vifcidity of the 
 She upon the furface is rendered more mor- 
 bid by an inflamed, or livid appearance of 
 the Craflamentum underneath. 
 
 C 3 From 
 
20 STATE OF BLOOD. 
 
 From thefe diftinguifhing marks w£ 
 mean to infer, and wifh it to be clearly 
 underftood, that the greater the proportion 
 of fize to the parts already defcribed, the , 
 greater is the tendency to obflructed refpi- 
 ration, and confequent inflammation, ei- 
 ther partial or univerfal ; and the greater 
 the vifcidtty of that Ji%e, the more is the 
 danger of difeafe increafed, or the inve- 
 teracy augmented. Thefe appearances 
 then laid down as a kind of invariable data y 
 upon which a firm reliance may be placed 
 for a proof of prefent, or approaching dif- 
 ficulty or difeafe, it is directly and gradati- 
 onally fyftematic, to examine and report 
 how the blood becomes poffeffed of thefe 
 properties, and then to ftate their effect. 
 upon the Frame and Circulation. 
 
 To do this the more circumftantiallyy 
 and to infure the accuracy of profeffional 
 reprefentation beyond even the fhadow of 
 doubt, let us take a tranfient view of the 
 caufes that may arife, to pervert the ftate 
 of the Blood from the purity we have a 
 fhort tune fince a had occafion to introduce. 
 
 Whether 
 
STATE OF BLOOD, 21 
 
 Whether from a long expofure to bleak 
 winds and chilling rains ; {landing inactive 
 in a cold, wet, and dreary fituation ; fud- 
 9 den removal from a warm and comfortable 
 ftable, to its direct contrail: ; or any of 
 that long lift of poffibilities from which 
 fuch revumon may occur, the effect upon 
 the general Syftem is ftill the fame ; with 
 fuch variations only, as depend entirely 
 upon the conftitutional Stamina, (or ir- 
 ritability) of the fubject attacked. 
 
 From whatever caufe a collapfion of the 
 cutaneous paffages may enfue, a tranfpira- 
 tion of the perforative matter is prevented, 
 which being compulfively returned upon 
 the Animal CEconomy, {boner or later 
 excites fymptoms of Morbidity, - — the 
 veffels become overloaded and preternatu- 
 rally difiended— the circulation is obftruct- 
 ed — the blood acquires an inflammatory 
 vifcidity, tiifplaying itfelf in fome one or 
 more of the following predominant traits, 
 which are in a certain degree gradationally 
 dependent upon each other, frequently con- 
 ilituting a complication when neglected in 
 C3 the 
 
22 OBSTRUCTED PERSPIRATION. 
 
 the firft inftance, or erroneoufly treated in 
 the feconcL 
 
 PERCEPTIBLE EFFECTS from 
 OBSTRUCTED PERSPIRATION 
 
 A flaring roughnefs of the coat, which 
 appears of different hues — cough — heavi- 
 nefs of the eyes— fulnefs of the eye-lids, 
 with or without a defluxion of ferum — 
 tumefaction of the glands — a forenefs of 
 the throat — a pleurify, or an inflammation 
 of the lungs — with many latent concomi- 
 tants equally dangerous in progrefs, and 
 uncertain in their termination* 
 
 In any, or all the above fymptoms the me- 
 dications of cure are invariably the fame ; 
 and as the great and principal object of 
 the prefent publication is to reduce, in 
 all cafes, the means of relief to as con- 
 cife and comprehenfive a ftate as exifting 
 circumflances will admit, it becomes pre- 
 vioufly necelTary to have it underftood, 
 upon the prefent, as well as every future 
 occafion, that if twenty volumes were 
 
 written 
 
OBSTRUCTED PERSPIRATION. 23 
 
 > 
 written upon the Subject, variations from 
 
 literary description would fo frequently oc- 
 cur, that fome correfponding affiftance 
 • mufr. be expected from the Medical Super- 
 intendent, or the judicious interpofition of 
 the parties concerned ; who regulating 
 their conduct by appearances, will always 
 be enabled to difcover, whether diforders 
 are Submitting to the mode of treatment 
 previoufly adopted, or whether they are 
 acquiring a greater or more dangerous de-? 
 gree of inveteracy. 
 
 This accurate attention becomes the 
 more necefTary, becaufe every experienced 
 obferver mull have been convinced, there 
 are intermediate ft ages of every difeafe, 
 where the Subject is more or lefs affected, as 
 
 BAD, ■ — VERY BAD, WORSE, v— WORST, 
 
 where each ftage, the nearer it approaches 
 to danger, calls for a bold and fpirited 
 exertion of judgement, in direct grada- 
 tional perfeverance and conformity with 
 the fhades of difeafe. 
 
 C 4 Admitting 
 
24 MODE OF TREATMENT. 
 
 Admitting this beyond the power of 
 controverfy, we proceed to introduce fuch 
 
 GENERAL and SYSTEMATIC 
 
 MODE of TREATMENT, 
 
 As has been invariably productive of fuc- 
 cefs; leaving it open only to thofe flight 
 deviations, that a variation in fymptoms or 
 circumftances may render either applicable 
 or unavoidable. 
 
 So foon as a fubjec"! is obferved to labour 
 under any of the fymptoms or traits of 
 difquietude before defcribed, (as preven- 
 tion, if pofftble, is always preferable to the 
 anxiety and uncertainty of cure) initantly 
 unload the veilels, relieve the ftricture 
 upon the furface, and enliven the obftructed 
 circulation by taking away blood in pro- 
 portion to the fi%e and fate of the lubject, 
 (as well as the severity of attack,) 
 letting it be referved 'till cold, for the 
 analyfs already defined as fo peculiary ne- 
 ceffary to afcertain the ftate of the blood 
 and probable progrefs of difeafe. 
 
 The 
 
MODE OF TREATMENT. 25 
 
 The bleeding mould be immediately 
 followed by gentle walking excercife if the 
 weather will permit, but if that is pre- 
 sented by rain above, or the ground mould 
 be too wet below, fubflantial dreftings in the 
 {table muft become the fubftitute Morning 
 — Noon — and Night, — with adequate leg 
 rubbing, moderate cloathing regulated by 
 the feafon of the year, and fuch other (table 
 attention as invalids are fuppofed to require. 
 
 In two hours after bleeding, that is foon 
 after the exereife or dreffing is gone 
 through, let a mafli of fine ground Malt 
 and clean fweet Pollard each two quarts, 
 be prepared with boiling water, and after 
 being well incorporated be given of fuch 
 warmth as not to offend or create diflike 
 by any powerful fumes which fome horfes 
 have an invincible averfion to. 
 
 In two or three hours after this main, 
 at whatever time of the day it may have 
 been offered, a Pectoral Cordial Ball* 
 mould be given to invigorate the general 
 iyftem, ftimulate the digeftive powers, and 
 
 affift 
 
 * See lift of Medicines at the conclufion. 
 
26 MODEOFTREATMENT. 
 
 affift in propelling the blood with an in* 
 creafed velocity thro' the obstructed vefTels, 
 for the great purpofe of relaxing the cuta- 
 neous paffages and promoting infenfiblef 
 perfpiration. To expedite which, let the 
 mam be repeated at the regular intervals 
 of fix hours between each ; occafional 
 fupplies of fragrant hay in very fmall quan- 
 tities, and frequent offerings of foft water 
 (two or three quarts) in its natural ftate, 
 if the weather be warm and open, but with 
 the chill off if the fe verity of the feafbn, 
 or the afpecl: of difeafe mould render it 
 neceffary. 
 
 The Cordial Ball mould be repeated 
 every Morning, and to this mode of treat- 
 ment there is hardly one cafe in an hundred 
 but what will fubmit to three or four days 
 perfeverance. Should however an excep- 
 tion occur and a non fubmiffion of fymp- 
 toms demonftrate an impending feverity,— 
 repeat the bleeding on the third or fourth 
 day, and purfue the previous mode with 
 additional attention to predominant 
 fymptoms. 
 
 In 
 
MODE OF TREATMENT. 27 
 
 » 
 
 In proportion to the heat under the 
 
 tongue, clamminefs of the mouth, and 
 itefhy fmell of the breath, judgement is to 
 be formed upon the fymptomatic heat, or 
 original fever that attends, and circum- 
 stances varied accordingly. Here it be- 
 comes neceflary to deviate a little from 
 the direct line of Medical Inftruclion, to 
 introduce a falutary caution againft the 
 rnifchief that fo frequently eniues from 
 an abufe and proftitution of Nitre ; an 
 article which has for many years, and 
 under the re-echoed recommendation of 
 every fucceflive writer, been hitherto ad- 
 miniftered in large quantities, as the grand 
 ipecific, ( and anti-febrifuge ) in almofl 
 every diforder ; and is likely to continue fo 
 with thofe unapprized of the difadvantages 
 with which fo unlimited a ufe of it has 
 been attended. From an inexperienced 
 and ill-confidered motive it has formerly 
 been introduced fo largely into practice, 
 and under the fandtion of that popularity, 
 it has for half a century been an arcana 
 with the infinity of Grooms and Smiths, 
 who not being pofTefTed of its peculiar pro- 
 perties, have equally loaded it upon all 
 
 conflitutions 
 
28 MODE OF TREATMENT. 
 
 constitutions and all cafes, without power 
 to analize its virtues, or penetration to 
 difcover its effects. 
 
 Admitting its utility in a certain degree, 
 in certain proportions, and under judicious 
 reftriclions only, it is imponlble to fubfcribe 
 to its imaginary excellence with all the 
 energetic fervor of thofe whofe ultimatum 
 it is, and who either prefcribe or admi- 
 nifter it as the only medicine of efficacy 
 for almoft every diforder to which the 
 Horfe is fubjecl: ; and who invariably con- 
 tinue to extbl it, not only as an attenuant 
 or an alterative, but as a diuretic of fuch 
 infallible efficacy, that Cracked Heels, — 
 Swelled Legs, — Greafe, — Defects of the 
 Eyes, — and to call in the affiftance of their 
 own phrafeology, " every diforder arifing 
 from Humours " muft become fubfervient 
 to its counteraction ; without conlidering 
 how frequently they impoverifh the blood 
 below the flandard of health, and by dif- 
 folving the craflamentum, occalion the 
 origin of diforders the very reverfe of thofe 
 they intended to remove. 
 
 To 
 
MODE OF TREATMENT. 29 
 
 To give this reafoning greater weight 
 with thofe who are replete with inclination 
 to inveftigate, and whofe minds are open 
 $0 conviction, it becomes directly in point 
 to obferve, that I have feldom or ever been 
 called to render affiftance from home in 
 cafes of inveterate colds, with fymptomatic 
 fever, but I found upon enquiry that nitre 
 had been moft unmercifully thrown in ; 
 and probably not more from the great popu- 
 larity of its power, than the pecuniary 
 eafe of attainment. 
 
 As the original intent, from the embark- 
 ation in this Tract, has been to elucidate 
 affertions by proofs, and to fuperfede the 
 idea of theory by an accurate reprefen- 
 tation of practice, I mail avail myfelf of 
 the introduction of fuch Cafes of danger, 
 as have occurred, to juftify the fuccefsful 
 mode of treatment adopted under the fug- 
 geftions of reason ; in an anxious and 
 earner!: hope, fuch reprefentations may not 
 only be productive of much utility in the 
 improvement of Farriery, but prove in 
 fome degree fatisfactory to thofe who may 
 do me the honor to call an eye over the 
 
 work, 
 
3 o CAS E. 
 
 work, whether for amufement, or with tht 
 more flattering expectation of deriving in- 
 formation from its contents. 
 
 CASE, 
 
 On a Thurfday, in March, 1794, a car- 
 riage horfe was fent to the Receptacle, 
 by Capt. Baker, then of Bentinck-Street, 
 who having no hope of recovery held out to 
 him by the medical fuperintendents of his 
 own neighbourhood, configned him, in a 
 itate of defpondency, reeling, to what he 
 confidered his laji home ; and the coachman 
 who delivered him to the fervants in the 
 Yard faid, " it was of no ufe to go to 
 work with him, for he was very well af- 
 fured the horfe would be dead 'by Monday" 
 Upon this pontive affirmation, it was 
 thought neceffary to attempt a difcovery, 
 whether any particular medicine had been 
 adminiftered, from which danger might be 
 apprehended ? but the only reafon he had 
 to urge in defence of his unlimited faga- 
 city and ftrange prediction was, " that 
 t&e horfe had taken no kind of fuftenance 
 
 fines 
 
CASE. 3* 
 
 Jince Monday, but what he had been 
 drench'd with, and by G-d it was impoffible 
 for any horfe to live more than a week 
 without eating or drinking" 
 
 After an accurate examination of predo- 
 minant appearances, the fubject for con- 
 fideration then was, whether the inactive 
 flate of the digeftive powers, (or in other 
 words, the relaxation of the internal coat of 
 the ftomach) was the effect of difeafe, or 
 of the wonderful profuuon of noflrums, the 
 anxiety of the Master, the illiteracy of the 
 Coachman, or the profeflional inter eji of 
 the Farrier, had found it necenary to 
 beftow. But little time became neceffary 
 to afcertain the fact, for the diitinct and 
 conjunctive efforts of three fuch ftrenuous 
 advocates for the fpeedy eradication of 
 difeafe and promotion of purity, had in- 
 duced them to confer an almofr. unprece-. 
 dented accumulation of care and attention, 
 with fo great a portion of Medical influence, 
 that the poor fubject had nearly fallen a 
 victim to the full force of the Materia 
 Medica. They had been rotationally at- 
 tacking an imaginary Fever, Worms, and 
 
 Jaundice 
 
$* CASE. 
 
 Jaundice, with large and repeated dofes o% 
 Nitre, — Savin* — Turmeric — Tobacco — and 
 many other medical collaterals ; leaving 
 only one matter for furprize, how naturp 
 had fo long fuftained, without finking, the 
 Ihock of this joint empiricifm. 
 
 It mufl here fuffice to fay, that by dint 
 of indufhious attention, much more than 
 by medical interpofition, the horfe was 
 perfectly recovered and returned to his 
 work within the Month; and altho 9 we (hall 
 again return to the mode of treatment it 
 is necelTary to purfue in the advanced ftages 
 of diforders arifing from obstructed per- 
 spiration and a confequent vifcidity of 
 the blood, yet it becomes previoufly, in- 
 deed unavoidably necelTary,. to continue 
 here the thread of difquifition relative to 
 the effetf of Nitre, when indifcriminately 
 and injudicioufly adminiftered ; and to lay 
 down fuch demonftrative thefis, as may 
 place the enquiry beyond doubt, why its 
 effects upon the ftomach evidently occafion 
 a deficiency in the digeftive powers, and 
 confequent refufal of the moil: attracting 
 nutriment ? 
 
 This 
 
Nitre, its effects. 
 
 33 
 
 * This circumftance alone (which feems 
 to have been hitherto totally unattended to) 
 renders it worthy every confederation ; not 
 , # a Gentleman, Farmer, Farrier, or 
 Groom, but mould weigh well in his mind 
 this lubjeel:, before he becomes acceiTary 
 to its administration or ufe in any quan- 
 tity whatever. For my own part, I have 
 in a variety of recent cafes, with horfes 
 the property of Gentlemen (to whom it 
 might not pfove pleafant to fee their names 
 in print upon this occafion) had fuch con- 
 vincing proofs of temporary injury from 
 the improper ufe of Nitre, (the ill effects 
 of which I have repeatedly had to counter- 
 act) that I feel not only the neceflity, but 
 coniider it an act of grateful refpecl, ho- 
 nor'd as I am with a certain portion of 
 public confidence, to hold forth an indif- 
 putable report of the fact. 
 
 Convinced by the moil: accurate obferva- 
 tion* of the difquieting fenfations arifing 
 from a too free ufe of the article we now 
 treat on, (particularly by the lower claffes^ 
 with whom it is fo largely and invariably 
 brought into ufe,) I have for more than 
 D the 
 
34 NITRE, ITS EFFECTS, 
 
 the three kit. years of my constantly en- 
 creating practice, made it an invariable 
 rule never to adminifter, or prefcribe it 
 in any form, without fuch corrector as* 
 corresponded with the cafe, and prevented 
 its acrid property from too hafly or fevere 
 an effect upon the irritability of the fto- 
 mach, or too fudden a check upon the 
 circulation. 
 
 Wiping away any idea of ambiguity, 
 that may be erroneoufly conceived to attach 
 itfelf to this declaration under the maik of 
 profejfional my fiery, (which my beft and 
 mofh opulent friends know I have an invin- 
 cible averfion to) I think it neceffary to 
 add, that whenever I feel myfelf juftified 
 in adopting its aid, and confider it moft 
 eligible in a liquid form, it is not only in 
 exceeding fmall quantities, but fo fheathed 
 with the gelatinous gruel, or (occafionally) 
 folution of Gum Arabic, in which it is dif- 
 folved previous to its incorporation with 
 the water in which it is drank, that I en- 
 tertain no fear of internal difquietude ; 
 on the contrary, when circumftances ren- 
 der it neceflary to be adminiftered in any 
 
 other 
 
NITRE, ITS EFFECTS. $$ 
 
 other form, it is fo carefully guarded with 
 fhofe excellent collaterals Camphire or 
 Ginger, that the digeftive powers, fo far 
 » from being impaired, are abfolutely J!imu~ 
 lated to affion by the junction* 
 
 Thus far is introduced to inculcate one 
 general opinion of an eftablifhed proof in. 
 hafty, inconsiderate, and erroneous prac- 
 tice — that the rofufal of food in nine horfes 
 out of every ten, arifes more from the 
 Stomach's having been vitiated by an im- 
 proper introduction of Nitre, and an ad- 
 ditional inconfiftent accumulation of hete- 
 rogeneous medicines, than the effecT: of 
 disease. We therefore now proceed to a 
 renewal of that part of the fubjecl difcon- 
 tinued fome pages fince, when what might 
 then be considered a digreiflon, is now 
 proved fo immediately necefTary for eluci- 
 dating the Cafes unde's^difcuffion* 
 
 Admitting therefore the before recited 
 fymptoms, arifing from a collapfion of the 
 porous fy item, not only to continue with- 
 out the leaft fubmiflion to the means before 
 prefcribed, but to affume a degree of in- 
 D % flexible 
 
3 6 INDICATIONS OF DANGER, 
 
 flexible rigidity, — the fymptomatic heat 
 and fever increaiing — the pulle quick y 
 high, and irregular-^-Malt maihes, fragrant 
 hay, and fweet clean oats refufed (altho' < 
 no nitrous or naufeatins; medicine has been? 
 adminiftered) the blood may then be be- 
 lieved in a ftate of preternatural efferVef- 
 cence approaching inflammation ; evidently 
 tending to fix, without early counteraction, 
 upon fome particular part from which dan- 
 ger may be confequ entry apprehended. 
 
 Increafed and violent cough will prove 
 its progreffive effect upon the Lungs.—* 
 A yellownefs around, and depreffion of the 
 orb of the eye, to have taken its feat upon 
 the Liver. — Swelling under the jaws, and 
 tumefied tenfion of the eye-lids, will de- 
 monftrate its crifis to thofe parts. — A weak- 
 nefs of the Loins, wincing upon preffure 
 there with the hand, frequent attempts and 
 flrainings to ftale, without fuccefs, are 
 flrons; indications that the neck of the Blad- 
 der, or the Kidnies are the parts affected. 
 
 To attend with circumfpeclion to the 
 very minutiae of thefe traits, is the leading 
 
 flep 
 
INDICATIONS OF DANGER. 37 
 
 * $ep to profellional reputation ; a too hafty 
 deciiion frequently terminates in difap- 
 ■pointment, and not ^infrequently in difgrace. 
 The diflrefling anxiety, the inexprefiible 
 trouble, not to add a word of the expence, 
 that may enfue from either an inflammation 
 of the Kidnies, Liver, or Lungs, are 
 reafons fufficiently powerful to urge the 
 neceffity of very early precaution ; an ulce~ 
 ?~ation in the fir ft — tumefaction, tubercles 
 in, or a putrid folution of the fecond — and 
 a rapid consumption of the latter, — are 
 amongft the effects that daily practice con- 
 vinces us are mojl to be dreaded upon the 
 pccafioiip 
 
 Let whichever take the lead of the be^ 
 fore mentioned alarming fymptoms, the 
 firft ftep to mitigation is invariably the 
 fame. Bleed in proportion to predomi- 
 nant appearances, without the leaft fear 
 of the patient's falling a viclim to debili- 
 tation from lofs of blood. That the circu- 
 lation may be relieved from, and gradually 
 diverted of its inflammatory vifcidity, and 
 at the fame time gently ftimulated to 
 affifl nature in her efforts to. expel the 
 D 3 morbific 
 
3 3 TREATMENT, 
 
 morbific matter to the furface by her dif- f 
 ferent emuncloties, it will be proper to 
 give (within an hour after bleeding) a 
 Pectoral Cordial Ball, difTolved in a ( 
 pint and half of well-ftrained gelatinous 
 gruel, by means of the horn ; having 
 ready, previouily difTolved in half, or three 
 quarters of a pint of the fame gruel, Gum 
 Arabic and Nitre, each half an ounce, 
 to be given immediately after the other, 
 and in the fame way : both compofitions 
 being repeated every eight or fix hours, in 
 thofe cafes coming under the two firft de- 
 grees or " intermediate ftages" of " bad," 
 , — <« very bad,"— but every five or four, 
 where from inattention or inveteracy they 
 afTume the more advanced complexion of 
 64 worse," — " worst,"— juflifying the ad- 
 ditional exertions in proportion to the fe- 
 verity of fymptoms as already defcribed. 
 
 Refpedling the common mode of giving 
 drinks with a horn, fomething may be ad- 
 vantageoufly introduced at this particular 
 plac;, by way of practical improvement. 
 Having for a feries of years with concern, 
 witneffed the awkward and inconvenient 
 
 cuftom 
 
TREATMENT. 39 
 
 * euflom of adminiftering drinks compul- 
 sively, by means of a ihort cord formed 
 into a loop, and palled under the uppei 4 
 jaw, and the head then fufpended by the 
 
 jork of a prong nearly as high as the affiflant 
 could raife it by force of arms, it became 
 abfolutely necefTary, in a general and ex- 
 tenfive practice, to adopt fome plan of more 
 eafe to the patient, and more convenience 
 to the operator ; particularly where the 
 apparatus becomes inftrumental to the con- 
 veyance of Food as well as PhvJIc, which 
 in circumftances like thole we treat of, 
 will be found frequently the cafe. 
 
 To render the bufinefs lefs unpleafant 
 than in the ufual way, I have an Iron in 
 ufe exactly correfponding with the ftirrup 
 of a faddle, only of larger dimenfions.; 
 the flat bar at the bottom is bedded with 
 foft tow, and to the eye above the circular 
 ring is fattened three or four yards of fmall 
 cord, which running in a pulley fixed in 
 the cieling, nearly over, (but lather be- 
 fore) the head of the horfe, and the padded, 
 bottom being placed in the mouth like a 
 colt's mouthing bit, the head is raifed to 
 D 4 any 
 
40 TREATMENT. 
 
 any particular pitch in a moment, the horn 
 is infmuated, the drink difcharged, and 
 the head occafionally managed with any 
 degree of dexterity the operator may chufey 
 to diiplay, by either tightening or flacken-. 
 the cord with his hand ; and thus Medi- 
 cine or Aliment may be given to any 
 horfe Jfanding or laying, with greater faci« 
 lity than by any other means whatever. 
 
 To a want of invention and correfpond- 
 ing affidnity, may be attributed great part 
 of the obfiacles that have arifen to the im- 
 provement of Farriery; and to that habitual 
 indolence and averiion to perfonal exertion 
 among the lower clafTes, (generally divert- 
 ed of emulation) do we at prefent flarid 
 indebted for the fterility of the practice : 
 an idea that need not in this place be re- 
 peated, but as an apology for any trifling 
 difcoveries it may be found applicable to 
 introduce, tending to the firft and leading 
 object of reformation. 
 
 Returning to the patient, whofe difeafe 
 we have taken a progrefiional view of to 
 £he ftages of danger (when rejecting what- 
 ever 
 
TREATMENT. 4 j 
 
 ever aliment may be offered) ; it then be? 
 comes abfolutely neceffary to invigorate 
 the fyftem, and fupport the frame by the 
 ^nterpofition of art. To do this by means 
 that leafl agitates the frame and naufeates 
 the stomach, is one of the leading con- 
 fiderations and diftinguifhing traits of pro- 
 feffional eonfiftency. 
 
 Previoufly convinced by the rejection of 
 food, that the digeftive powers are weak, 
 it is a direct point of propriety not to over- 
 load them ; inftead therefore of perpetually 
 mortifying the animal with eternal alter- 
 natives of Food or Phyfic without effect, 
 it will be highly advifeable, in addition to 
 the mild and meliorating fyftem before 
 laid down, to infinuate the very extracl of 
 the moft nutritive aliment, without 
 overburthening nature with the fub fiance. 
 Thus ; 
 
 Have ready a gallon or two of the moft 
 fubftantial and well-boiled gruel, as well 
 as an equal quantity of fine rich fweet- 
 wort, exprefled from malt upon which 
 boiling water has been poured and covered 
 
42 TREATMENT. 
 
 tip, in the direct way of a mafh in brew- 
 ing ; this being preffed from the malt, and 
 mixed with the gruel in equal proportions, 
 two or three quarts, according to the fize; 
 of the horfe, may be given as a fubfiitute 
 {ox food, (with the horn, in the eafy way 
 jnil defcribed) once in every five or fix 
 hours ; that is in the exacl middle of the 
 intermediate fpace of time allotted for the 
 Cordial Balls diflblved in gruel, fol- 
 lowed by the iblution of Arabic and Nitre. 
 
 Thus far I have confidered it both ufeful 
 and necefTary, to' introduce with precifion 
 the mode of practice invariably adopted in 
 all fimllar cafes upon my o wn premifes, 
 where, by having the fubjecls immediately 
 under my own fuperintendance, and hourly 
 infpeclion, no deception whatever can be 
 brought into ufe ; upon the fuccels of 
 which, it muft afford no fmall gratification 
 of profeflional ambition to declare, I have 
 never yet, in all my conftantly encreafing 
 concerns, had a Dead Horfe drawn out of 
 my ftables, notwithstanding the variety 
 lent to the Receptacle in fuch a fliate of 
 
 danger, 
 
TREATMENT, 43 
 
 danger ', as to render their return a matter 
 of no great expectation to the owners. 
 
 „ The inexpreffible advantages that have 
 arifen from, this mild and rational mode 
 of treatment, become the more accept- 
 able that its happy effects may conftitute 
 a ftriking contrail to the bold, confident, 
 injudicious, and defperate practice of thofe, 
 who fhielded by ignorance, and equally 
 ftrangers to humanity as to the property 
 of Medicine, deal around them death and 
 devajiaiion without remorfe, a fingle figh 
 of commiferation for the animal they have 
 annihilated, or a fenfation of forrow for 
 the lofs of the employer, whofe property' 
 they have deftroyed. 
 
 In fupport of this afTertion (which the 
 jaundiced eye of envy may be fuppofed to 
 view with no fmall portion of prejudice) a 
 variety of inftances in my own knowledge 
 might be introduced ; but as it is not the 
 purpofe to wage war with the unfortunate, 
 one only muft fufBce, particularly when 
 tranfmitted through the medium of une- 
 quivocal authority, it may be coniidered 
 
 one 
 
44 CAS E. 
 
 one of the moft extraordinary that ever 
 occurred in Vulcanian practice, 
 
 CASE, 
 
 On a Wednefday in one of the laft winter 
 months, I was haftily called to a valuable 
 horfe, the property of a Gentleman, then 
 Handing at livery, in the {tables of one of 
 the moll: eminent Riding Schools in, or 
 near the Metropolis. The horfe was in 
 point of figure and appearance, of the firii 
 defcription, having coft the owner Fifty r 
 five Guineas, a very few weeks before. 
 
 Proceeding to examine predominant 
 fymptoms, I found an almoft unprecedented 
 di [colouration of the internal parts of the 
 Eye, with a vilible depreffion or finking 
 of the orb, which I overheard the ftabula- 
 rian gentry call the black jaundice ; a moft 
 uncommon heaving of the flank, a corres- 
 ponding difficulty of breathing, blended 
 with a lingular kind oi fingultus z or hick-up, 
 Something fimilar to the lair, and fruit'lefs 
 {trainings of a perfon under the operation of 
 
 an 
 
CASE. jl$ 
 
 %n emetic ; a frothy efFufion from between 
 the lips, and flich an excejjive heat beneath 
 the tongue, that it was with difficulty the 
 JHigers could be continued there to make 
 the examination : but what rendered the 
 whole a matter of the greater myftery was, 
 that the puliation s were fo low and indif- 
 tindt, that a fpeedy dijjolutlon feemed im- 
 pending. 
 
 This complication of fymptoms* (as it 
 Were by a kind of momentary impulfe) in- 
 fluenced me to believe, they were occalion- 
 ed much more by the ufe of fome improper 
 medicine, than the efrecb of difeafe.— 
 To obtain correct information, and to as- 
 certain that facl to A certainty, was a 
 talk of no fmall feeming difficulty, and af- 
 forded but a very diftant profpedt of fuc- 
 cefs. Practical Experience with the 
 Fraternity, who look upon reformers with 
 at leaft a fufpicious, if not a jealous eye, 
 had convinced me, an attainment fo deiir- 
 able could only be even hoped for thro' the 
 medium of that political duplicity, and per- 
 fevering difiimulation, fo prudently and 
 poujly inculcated by the late and great 
 
 Lord 
 
46 CASE, 
 
 Lord Chesterfield, as abfolutely necei- 
 fary to the completion of every wijh* 
 
 Under the irrefiftible prevalence of th,'f 
 idea, and the forcible reflection of rudenefs 
 and impropriety, of indeed examining the 
 patient without the prefence of the Prac- 
 titioner previoufly employed, I was induced 
 to enquire if there was no poffibility of 
 feeing the Farrier, under whofe care 
 he had been from the origin of the attack ? 
 The reply was—' 6 That the Mailer was 
 dangeroufly indifpofed, and had been con- 
 fined to his room for fome v/eeks, but the 
 Journeyman who had attended the horfe, 
 might be feen immediately.' * 
 
 A few minutes produced him, and after 
 thofe little attentions that pafs when Gen- 
 tlemen of the Faculty meet, I had to 
 obferve,' — " that I never felt myfelf more 
 concerned, than when called in to give 
 an opinion upon the patients of other prac- 
 titioners ; as it placed them in the awkward 
 predicament of being fuppofed to have acted 
 improperly, or without profeflional con- 
 iiftency, which was very frequently by no 
 
 means 
 
CASE, 47 
 
 heans the cafe.-^-I could not entertain the 
 leaf}, doubt of his abilities, or the perfect 
 propriety of his conduct, but as Mr. C — had 
 <Jone me the honor to require my Opinion 
 and fuperintendance, it became an act of 
 duty in us both, for the promotion of his 
 intereft and the prefervation of the horfe, 
 to avoid ambiguity on either fide, and go 
 hand in hand for the general good. To do 
 this with the greater hope and expectation 
 of fuecefs, it would be right he mould tell 
 me the iteps he had already taken, that we 
 might not go over the fame ground, to con- 
 stitute deception or encounter difappoint- 
 ment." 
 
 This happy introduction of affability 
 (and equality) fubdued every difficulty, 
 and obtained a ready acquiefcence on the 
 part of my Coadjutor ; who, with a con- 
 fcioufnefs of having done every thing for 
 the beft, candidly recounted the cafe, — • 
 66 That On the Saturday morning preceding 
 the horfe was obferved to be ill, and that 
 he was then let blood about two quarts, — 
 that at night he had a Piffing Ball. — On 
 Sunday two ounces of Nitre, morning and 
 
 night,— 
 
4 8 CASE. 
 
 night,—- -a Drink in the middle of the day,— ^ 
 on Monday another Piffing Ball,— on Tuef- 
 day morning Nitre, — b it finding him grow 
 worfe and worfe, he had given him of r 
 
 TARTAR EMETIC, 
 
 Half an ounce, on Tuefday evening, and 
 followed it up with a repetition (of the 
 death blow) on Wednefday morning. 
 
 Thofe only who know me bef,—~be& 
 know, what were my fenfations at this re- 
 cital ; and what a fhock it mud have been 
 to hear the irrevocable fentence thus pad 
 upon the unoffending fubjeft of invefti- 
 gation ; and to anticipate, " with what a 
 rneeknefs of fpirit," he would meet that 
 death it was impoffible he could avoid. 
 Suppreffing as much as the circumftances 
 would permit, the agitation of my mind, 
 and ill arTecling a certain degree of ferenity, 
 J repeated with mildnefs, " half an ounce P 
 - — finely you make a miflake, you mean 
 half a drachm." — " No ! he was certain it 
 was half an ounce, he faw it weighed at 
 
 the 
 
CASE. 
 
 49 
 
 the Ciiemister's, and he gave it himfelf" 
 This decifive ftroke obliterated the lafl ray 
 of hope, which was now '• pad redemp- 
 
 tion gone. 
 
 With what little civility it was poffible 
 to fummon upon the occaiion, I thanked 
 him for his information, and took my leave, 
 obliquely hinting to the groom, that every 
 expectation from medicine would prove de- 
 ceptive, and death inevitable. A letter 
 of explanation followed to his Master, 
 (to whom I had not then the pleafure of 
 being perfonally known) recommending, 
 mould the fubjecl: furvive long enough to 
 try the experiment, (which I could by no 
 means expect.) half an ounce of Liquid 
 Laudanum to be given inftantly, and half 
 that quantity to be repeated in a horn of 
 fubftantial gruel, or gelatinous folution of 
 Gum Arabic, every two hours, till death 
 clofed the fcene, or unexpected circum- 
 fiances might arife to juftify a different 
 method of proceeding. That experimental 
 effort, to allay irritability and fheath 
 the ftimulating property of the Tartar 
 Emetic, was rendered totally impracti* 
 E cable ; 
 
5 o TREATMENT, 
 
 cable ; For before the return of the me£* 
 fenger, this unfortunate animal had breathed 
 his laft, — one of the 'Very many victims 
 who annually fall a facrifice to ignorance^, 
 illiteracy, and the molt unbounded con- 
 fidence, i 
 
 As the aft of Medicine, like the art of 
 Life, ihould Confift in knowing what to 
 avoid as well as what to pirfue, the intro- 
 duction of this Cafe can by no means be 
 confidered inapplicable, particularly when 
 recited without the lights and Ihades of em- 
 beliiihment ; with no other motive than to 
 prevent, if poffible, the inexperienced 
 from plunging into nmilar fcenes of folly, 
 anxiety, lofs of profeffional reputation, and 
 ultimate diftrefs. 
 
 That the original ufe of this medicine 
 may be in fome degree accounted for, and 
 the mind of the impartial enquirer amply 
 gratified, it becomes directly in point to 
 explain its properties, as fome kind of plea 
 for the conduct of thofe adventurous prac- 
 titioners, who, proceeding upon the fyftem 
 of " the more danger the more honor,'* 
 
 as 
 
REMARKS UPON. 51 
 
 ■as well as in adherence to the ancient adage, 
 that " dangerous difeafes require defperate 
 remedies," have brought it fo boldly and 
 fo largely into ufe« 
 
 Some few years fince, during an au* 
 tumnal difeafe amongft the horfes, which 
 proved generally fatal in different parts of 
 the kingdom, and to the mitigation or cure 
 of which, tho fraternity of Farriers was 
 found inadequate, an idea fuggefted itfelf 
 to fome one of the Faculty, that as Dr. 
 James's Powder was an article of fo much 
 acknowledged efficacy, as to amount to 
 almofr. a Febrile Specific with the Human 
 Species, it was at leaft but a fair and candid 
 queftion, why it mould not bear an equal 
 portion of fuccefs, //^properly adminiftered 
 (that is injudicious proportions) to any- part 
 of the Animal Creation ? 
 
 Proof could only be obtained from trial, 
 and well authenticated report has given 
 reafon to believe, that with thofe who did 
 not " o'erftep the bounds of modefty," in 
 its ufe, it may have been given with Suc- 
 cess ; at any rate thofe gentlemen who 
 E 2 were 
 
52 TREATMENT. 
 
 were fo fortunate as not to lofe their horfes 
 by the experiment, of courfe came grate- 
 fully forward to vouch for its infallibility. 
 Upon the conjijlency of fuch hazardous pro r 
 ceeding, I feel myfelf by no means difpofed 
 to enlarge, perfectly content with an af- 
 furance, that " a Kill ot Cure" fyftem can- 
 not conftitute any part of my practice, and 
 that for reafons too numerous and too pal- 
 pable to require explanation. 
 
 Altho' the bafis of the juftly celebrated 
 Powder juft mentioned is nearly afcertained 
 by Chemical Analyus, yet no imitation, no 
 Antimonial preparation whatever (amidft 
 the great body of adventurers) has ever 
 been found to equal its effects in either the 
 fqfety, purity, or certainty of its operation. 
 The very great expence of (and probable 
 immenfe profit upon) the article rendering it 
 at any rate almofl unattainable to the multi- 
 tude, it became the joint bufinefs of the 
 penurious and the necejitous, to difcover 
 and adopt a fubftitute for general ufe. 
 
 The fubftitute thus adopted is the Emetic 
 Tartar of the London Pharmacopeia, a. 
 
 medicine 
 
REMARKS UPON. 53 
 
 medicine of the firft clafs in the hands of 
 the judicious and experienced practitioner, 
 but from the circumftances attendant 
 ^jpoii the cafe before recited, we may, 
 without being accufed of prefumption or 
 impertinence, consider its indifcriminate 
 ufe with the clafs already defcribed, not at 
 all diffimilar to a two-edged fword in the 
 hands of a Madman. 
 
 Having taken a concife view of its intro- 
 duction as a fubftitute for what every can- 
 did and difpaffionate Gentleman of the Fa- 
 culty will admit to be the firft difcovery 
 and moft general fpecific in the world of 
 Medicine, we neceffarily proceed to a cur- 
 fory furvey of its properties, for the more 
 clearly investigating its active power upon 
 different fubjecls; and by drawing a parallel, 
 demonftrate how far it may be a medicine 
 of confiftency and fafety in one fubjecl:, or 
 an article of inevitable deftrudtion with 
 another : the enquiry being eagerly entered 
 into, to prevent if poflible, the depreda- 
 tions that are likely to enfue from a conti- 
 nuance in fuch an unenlightened and de- 
 ftructive mode of practice* 
 
 E 3 Adverting 
 
54 TREATMENT. 
 
 Adverting therefore to its effects upon' 
 the human frame, we experimentally know 
 the extent of its power either as an Emetic 
 -—a Purgative — or a Sudorific, according: 
 to the ftate, conftitution, or irritability of 
 the patient, who, it fometimes happens 
 from a peculiarity of circumftances, be- 
 comes fubjecl: to the operations in toto, tho' 
 from a fmgle dofe ; which dofe in general 
 practice feldom varies more than from one 
 to two grains, milefs fuch variation is jufti- 
 fied by cafes of defperation (as where poi- 
 fon has been accidentally or defignedly 
 fwallowed) when five or even fix grains, 
 have been given to excite immediate and 
 violent vomiting, with fuccefs. 
 
 -Going however very far beyond what 
 may be termed the given line of fafety by 
 the Faculty, in their general and fyftematic 
 mode of practice, by admitting that five 
 grains of 'Emetic Tartar may be given 
 (without apprehension of danger) to a man 
 of fair constitution ; let us, to Strengthen 
 our reafoning, and to enforce our argu- 
 ment, (as well as to wipe away, if poffible, 
 every idea in future of fuch infamous prac- 
 tice,) 
 
REMARKS UPON. $5 
 
 tice,) defcend to a repetition of the enor- 
 mous and incredible quantity, fo rafhly 
 given by that prodigy of prudence and me* 
 riical acquifition, in the cafe already de- 
 fcribed. For by whatever weight we con- 
 iider it to have been adminifr.ered, we ftill 
 find each dofe of the two, to have contained 
 forty-eight times the quantity ever given 
 to a man of the moft robuft habit, without 
 a fear of endangering his fafety, altho' he 
 pofTefTes the chance of the different eva* 
 cuations ; whilft on the contrary, the fub- 
 jecl: of his experiment not poffeiiing the 
 power of regurgitation by vomit, had not 
 the advantage of that alternative in the 
 pperation r 
 
 Having proceeded thus far to ftate the 
 error in practice, and the difproportions 
 that prove it, we find it necefTary to take 
 another gradational flep in the tafk of refor- 
 mation, by endeavouring to afcertajn the 
 deflructive effect of this medicine, (or in 
 the prefent inflance, poifon) fo plentifully 
 thrown into a part fo little calculated to 
 receive it. 
 
 E 4 I will 
 
56 TREATMENT, 
 
 I will firfl: prefume I am not going a 
 fhade too far in the conjecture, but feel my- 
 felf fully justified in fuppofing, that my 
 very honeft, well-meaning fellow labourer 
 in Veterinarian inveftigation, had no one 
 dejign, or expectation of any particular 
 operation from this effort of experimental 
 practice and judicious difcrimination, more 
 than it might make the Horfe fweat, (or in 
 fact any thing elfe) and if it didfo — it might 
 make him well. But as to any predominant 
 fymptom, any particular difeafe he meant 
 to fubdue, I moit readily exculpate him 
 from every intent of the kind, as a matter 
 of too much mental magnitude ; and pro- 
 ceed to what was the probable effect of the 
 article fo unluckily interpofed. 
 
 From the remarks already made, it may 
 be eafily conceived by thofe not at all 
 verfed in medical difquifition, that this 
 medicine, when adminiftered to the human 
 frame even in proper proportions, 'mult 
 come much fooner into action in its various 
 modes of operation, than it poffibly can in 
 the fubject we treat of, whofe form is by 
 no means fo favourably adapted to its fin- 
 
 eular 
 
REMARKS UPON. 57 
 
 gular effects. For with the former, {bould 
 its power rapidly form upon the nervous 
 irritability of the ltomach, exciting it to 
 action, its force by an immediate continuity 
 and fympathetic fenfation of parts, may 
 alfo produce an oppofite evacuation, and 
 both from a general relaxation be followed 
 by a copious and falutary perfpiration. 
 
 It is by no means to be confidered fo with 
 the horfe, for when we recollect that he is 
 prevented (by a valve in the pafTage) from 
 throwing off the leaft particle of offending 
 matter from the flomach by vomit, — when 
 we advert to the conftruction and well- 
 known length of the inteftinal canal, that 
 prevents the neceffary liquefaction of the 
 excrementitious contents to produce pur- 
 gation in lefs than from twelve to twenty, 
 and twenty-four hours — and the extreme 
 difficulty of producing perfpiration by Me- 
 dicine, — little need be urged to abolifh a 
 purfuit in practice fo evidently replete 
 with danger, fo very little with a probable 
 profpect of fuccefs. 
 
 Concluding 
 
5 8 TREATMENT, &c. 
 
 Concluding from fuch analyfis of the' 
 medicine and its effects, as the abridged 
 plan of this tract will permit us to make, 
 th^t the Jiimulus of the unprecedented and 
 incredible quantity of the medicine, had 
 been fo exceffively powerful upon the irri- 
 tability of the ftomach, that spasms, (in. 
 other words, a preternatural andinceffant 
 contraction,) had constituted fo great a de- 
 gree of fermentation in its contents, that 
 the fupernux of indigefted and imperfect 
 chyle became proportionally propelled to 
 the different emunctories; thefe being over- 
 charged, were rendered inadequate to the 
 offices of fecretion, inflammation of the 
 liver, (as well as other partsj probably fol- 
 lowed — mortification fucceeded — and Death 
 enfued — but in all likelihood not without 
 an abfolute rupture of the internal coat of 
 the ftomach, from the violent fpafmodic 
 exertions to expel its contents by regurgi- 
 tation, without effect. 
 
 Conceiving this to have been the direct 
 procefs by which an object of fo much value 
 was raihry deftroyed, the fuggeftion mull, 
 to every rational inveitigator, appear fuffi- 
 
 ciently 
 
ACRIMONY in the BLOOD. 59 
 
 ciently well founded, to anfwer any en- 
 quirer who may be induced to aflt,— Why 
 'Emetic Tartar never has, or ever fhall, 
 form an article of ufe in practice at the 
 "Receptacle, while the Materia Me die a 
 holds forth fuch a variety of lefs dangerous 
 Alternatives ? 
 
 ACRIMONY in the BLOOD. 
 
 Having in the earlier pages gone over 
 fuch diftinguifhing traits of difeafe, or 
 difquieting fymptoms, as arife from Ob- 
 structed Perspiration, and a confequent 
 Vifcidity of the Blood, (upon which much 
 more will be occalionally introduced) we 
 come to that nice diftinction of Morbidity, 
 where fimilar effects arife from caufes di- 
 rectly oppofite to each other ; and where, 
 altho' (to fuperficial obfervers) the cafes 
 in different fubjects appear directly the 
 fame, yet the treatment in both muit con- 
 stitute a palpable contrail, to complete a 
 cure in either. 
 
 It 
 
6o ACRIMONY in the BLQOD. 
 
 It has been before obferved, that the 
 intent of this publication is to bring home 
 conviction, by the moft incontrovertible 
 demonftration, and to reconcile, withouf 
 prolixity, fuch conviclion to the fcale of 
 every intelligent comprehenfion. That the 
 execution may go hand in hand with the 
 declaration, let it be briefly understood, 
 that an acrimonious and impoverijhed {late 
 of the blood, will produce in one fubjeet 
 the very fame appearances that zjlzey vif- 
 cidity may occafion in another; with only 
 fuch flight ihades of variation, as mall be 
 accurately explained. 
 
 The very nature of the Animal CEco- 
 nomy holds forth demonftrative proof, even 
 to the leaft inquifitive obferver, that the 
 frequent fupplies of healthy aliment con- 
 flantly generate the proper portions of 
 Chyle, Lymph, and Blood, for all the pur- 
 pofes of fecretion and fupport ; this being 
 admitted, it directly follows, that a want 
 of fuch regular fupply in either quantity or 
 quality, robs the blood of its craflamentum, 
 or lliperior property, (in fact the very life 
 and fpirit of the circulation) giving the 
 
 ierum 
 
ACRIMONY intheBLOOD. 61 
 
 &rum the preponderation, by which the 
 blood becomes impoverifhed — the circu- 
 lation languid — and the frame emaciate. 
 
 To render this idea fully comprehenfive, 
 let it be recapitulated, that as blood is ge- 
 nerated and flefh formed by the force of 
 nutritious aliment, and the frame looks 
 full and fine only in proportion as the vefTels 
 are diftended with its invigorating effects, 
 fo every part becomes proportionally con- 
 tracted and diminifhed, as it is more or lefs 
 deprived of the means of that perfection ; 
 hence it is inferred, that as much as the 
 blood of one horfe becomes overcharged 
 with fize and vifcidity by a fuperflux of food 
 and difproportion in exercife, fo another is 
 equally reduced below the jiandard necefTary 
 to health and purity, by taking (in ac- 
 tion and confequent evacuations) more 
 from the frame and circulation, than is 
 contributed by aliment for the fupport of 
 both. 
 
 For the demonftration of this fact, fo 
 accurately afcertained by experience, as 
 well as to fet at defiance the claming opi* 
 
 nions 
 
6z ACRIMON Yin the BLOOD* 
 
 nions of determined cavillers and cynical 
 difputants, who exifl in perfonal confidence, 
 we need only advert to that prevalent defecl 
 fo palpably finking in mofl of the public, 
 as well as very many private ftables in and 
 round the Metropolis ; where we fee an 
 
 ENLARGEMENT of the EXTREMITIES, Or in 
 
 plainer language 
 
 SWELLED LEGS, 
 
 With the ufual concomitants of 
 
 CRACKSandSCRATCHES, 
 
 Meet our eyes at all points, in direct con 
 formation of the afTertions advanced ; and 
 orio-inatins: as before mentioned, in the 
 different extremes of repletion in one object, 
 and poverty in another. 
 
 Dividing therefore the fubje£t we treat 
 on into the diftinel: claries it is entitled to, 
 it will be found, that the swelled legs 9 
 of a horfe low and emaciated, originate in 
 a fuperflux of ferum, an impoverifhed ha- 
 bit, and too great laxity of the vefTels, 
 
 from 
 
SWELLED LEGS. 63 
 
 from a want of fufficient contents to infure 
 their diftenfion, and fupport their elafticity. 
 On the contrary, the horfe of an oppofite 
 ^efcription, full in the frame, loaded with 
 Hem, heavy in the eyes, and foul in the 
 excrements, labours under the infirmity 
 from a very different caufe, and of courfe 
 lays claim to a very different treatment. 
 Here the veffels are all preternaturally dif- 
 tended with a vifcid fubftantial matter, ori- 
 ginating in a fizey ftate of the blood, be- 
 come ftagnant by time, with a want of 
 exercife, now locked up in certain chan- 
 nels by the ftricture upon the furface, (or 
 tightnefs of the integument) daily af- 
 fuming greater rigidity by the length of its 
 duration. 
 
 Altho' it has been an almofl eftablifhed 
 cuftom to treat every fpecies of fwelled legs 
 directly in the fame way, as if they had 
 originated by the fame means, yet a mo- 
 ment's reflection, and a flight reference to 
 the foregoing remarks, evidently points out 
 the abfurdity of the practice, and demon- 
 strates the neceffity of a fyftem more rati- 
 onally adapted to the exigencies of each 
 
 particular 
 
64 SWELLED LEGS. 
 
 particular occafion. Diuretics and .Al- 
 teratives have been hitherto confidered 
 the grand fpecifics in all cafes of the kind, 
 and thofe not working wonders, the 
 Groom's great meet anchor, Nitre, has 
 been the ne plus ultra of confummation ; 
 till by fuch an eternal attenuation, the blood 
 has been fo much impoverished, as to ren- 
 der the remedy worfe than the difeafe. 
 
 Avoiding farther animadverflon upon the 
 erroneous practice of the paft, we advert 
 to the more rational and enlightened prin- 
 ciples of the present, endeavouring to in- 
 culcate fuch rules as may (with punctuality 
 and perfeverance) be expected to infure a 
 certainty of fuccefs ; having previously in 
 recollection, the excellent adage, that " the 
 matter's eye makes the work light" and 
 the additional confolation . that feeing the 
 procefs will in all probability go a great way 
 towards effecting the cure. 
 
 Bleeding naturally precedes every other 
 confideration ; that operation cannot too 
 foon take place, not more to relieve the 
 veffels from their load and ftricture, than 
 
 to 
 
SWELLED LEGS. 6 5 
 
 fo afcertain the ftate of, the blood ; which 
 being found fufficiently above the flandard 
 already defcribed, to demonftrate the en- 
 largements to have been produced by a 
 fizey vifcidity, proceed immediately in the 
 following way 3 
 
 Take of Camomile Flowers, Roman 
 Wormwood, Rofemary, and Lavender 
 leaves, each a double handful ; boil in two 
 gallons of watery ftirring occafionally to- 
 gether, for near half an hour ; then let 
 the legs that are fwelled be well fomented 
 with a large fponge, or pieces of flannel, 
 alternately dipt in the decoction, as hot as 
 it can be ufed without injury to the hair, 
 for a quarter of an hour every night and 
 morning. This part of the operation mould 
 be immediately followed by half an hour's 
 leg rubbing, with foft feparated hay bands, 
 and that in fuch perfevering fucceffion, as not 
 only to get themjpeedi/y dry, but to enliven 
 the circulation by the artificial warmth ex- 
 cited by friction. 
 
 After each morning's ceremony* if the 
 
 Weather permits-, the fubjeft fhould have 
 
 F from 
 
66 SWELLED LEGS, 
 
 from one to two or three hours walking ex* 
 ercife, according to the ftate, {landing, 
 and inveteracy of the defects ; and when 
 brought in (previous to drerling the body) 
 the leg rubbing fhould be again carefully 
 and perfiftingly attended to. 
 
 In the evening, after the fomentation, 
 when the legs have under s;one the long; 
 
 o o o 
 
 and patient friction fb frequently menti- 
 oned, and fo ftrongly recommended, have 
 ready flannel rollers about two full inches 
 wide and two yards long, with which let 
 the fwelled parts of each leg be bandaged 
 moderately, (but not feverely) thefe to 
 remain till taken off for the fomentation 
 of the following morning. 
 
 DIGRESSION. 
 
 During fourteen years practice in Physic 
 and Surgery, aided by a friendly domefti- 
 cation with families of the flrft refpecla- 
 bility, it was my ambition to make off the 
 maik of Medical My fiery, and to confider 
 every Patient an individual Friend of the 
 
 firft 
 
DIGRESSION. 6 7 
 
 fir ft magnitude, — a Friend who had not 
 only done me the honor to entruft me with 
 the management of his purse, (in the fum 
 t%tal 'of my bill) but with the care of his 
 conftitution alfo. Under the impreflive in- 
 fluence of this reflection, it was the grateful 
 maxim of every viiit never to leave a fingle 
 patient, till I had reconciled them to a proper 
 opinion of their own cafe ; and pofTened 
 them not only of the property of the me- 
 dicines intended to be introduced, but the 
 operations from which they were to obtain 
 relief. The fame uniform principle pervades 
 my prefent purfuits, and I feel no fmall mare 
 of gratification in confeffing, I retain too 
 much refpect for that great body of diftin- 
 guifhed characters, in whofe fefvice I am 
 retained ; as well as the caufe of general 
 expectation I am engaged in, to hazard or 
 hold forth any prefcription, or peculiar 
 mode of practice, but what I fhall always 
 confider myfelf happily bound to explain* 
 
 INSTANCE* 
 
 Returning therefore to the procefsjuft re- 
 commended, let us endeavour to difcover 
 F 2 and 
 
68 PURGATIVES and DIURETICS, 
 
 and demonflrate its intended and probable 
 effects upon the frame in general, and the 
 feat of difeafe in particular. Firft, It is to 
 be readily conceived, that the fr.ric~h.irb 
 upon, and diftenfion of the veffels muft be 
 confiderably relieved, and the obftrucled 
 circulation enlivened by the Bleeding 
 propofed. Secondly, That the ftagnant 
 matter fo long locked up in the extremities, 
 becomes gradationally rarefied by the heat 
 of the fomentation ; — that it is proporti- 
 onally raifed in the veffels (or tubes) by the 
 reftored elafticity afforded to the folids in 
 the friction of leg-rubbing ; and being by 
 thefe means abforbed into the circulation, 
 is ultimately carried off by fuch evacuanfs 
 as the mildnefs, or fe verity of the cafe may 
 render it neceffary to adopt, of which we 
 now proceed to offer the mofl fatisfactory 
 elucidation. 
 
 PURGATIVES and DIURETICS, 
 
 Are the only two that can prefent them- 
 felves to our fervice upon the occafioii ; not 
 but that in the early ftages of flight cafes, a 
 
 fhoit 
 
PURGATIVES and DIURETICS. 69 
 
 ihort courfe of Alteratives, with fuch 
 change of aliment as may tend to alter the 
 property of the blood, will, before the 
 vefTels are preternaturally diftended, gene- 
 rally effect a fpeedy obliteration. To fecure 
 this, one of the Alterative Powders 
 mould be given in the corn, (firfi fprinkled 
 with water to infure adhefion) every night 
 and morning ; which, with one ounce of 
 Nitre given each morning in the water, 
 may in a fortnight be expected to have 
 carried off fo recent an accumulation, if 
 by long flanding it has not acquired fuch 
 vifcidity, and occafioned fuch diftenfion of 
 the vefTels, as to require means of greater 
 power and perfeverance. 
 
 Should, by the joint inattention of the 
 Master, and the fhameful neglect of the 
 Groom, this have taken place, a different 
 mode mufl be unavoidably purfued, to avoid 
 the mortification of difappointment. In. 
 addition to the Bleedins; and Fomentation 
 fo accurately defcribed, a Strong Diuretic 
 Ball, if a flout horfe, a Mild if a fmall 
 one, mould be given every morning for the 
 firft three, and every other morning for the 
 F 3 laft 
 
7 o PURGATIVES and DIURETICS, 
 
 laft, with an Alterative Powder everj^ 
 night in the corn, till half a dozen balls and 
 a dozen powders are confumed, before 
 which time vijible amendment, if not £. 
 total removal may be expected ; unlefs an 
 unforefeen feverity has taken place, when 
 a little longer perfeverance in the fame 
 plan muft be adopted, for the completion 
 of cure. 
 
 Thefe are the certain and fyftematic 
 modes of practice that never fail under 
 ftrict care and unremitting attention ; and 
 are properly adapted to the wants of thofe 
 who find it unavoidably necefTary to ufe 
 their horfes in gentle work during the cure ; 
 but in all cafes of long Handing, displaying 
 an inflexible rigidity of the fkin', and want 
 of pliability in its contents, a courfe of 
 Phyfic, with intervening Alteratives are 
 immediately prefented to your coniideration. 
 —Thus : 
 
 Having the fecond day after Bleeding 
 prepared your horfe with malhes, on the 
 third give your Purging Ball, either the 
 «' Mild," " Strong,'' or "Cordial Rhu- 
 
PURGATIVES and DIURETICS. 7 1 
 
 barb," as may be thought mofl applicable 
 to the kind of horfe labouring uncle r the 
 infirmity. The iubject having been well 
 cloathed and managed during the operation, 
 let him on the firfr. night after the phyfic is 
 completely fet, (that is when the laxation 
 has totally fubfided, and the excrements 
 become firm) have one of the Alterative 
 Powders given in his corn, which may be 
 continued every night for the fix ; on. the 
 feventh or eighth morning the Purging: 
 
 O O DO 
 
 Ball will be repeated ; after which is fet, 
 the powders are to be continued for fix 
 nights as before. 
 
 The third dofe of phyfic, and a far- 
 ther repetition of the powders becoming 
 abfolutely dependent upon the neceflity 
 of their ufe, and that necejfity to be coh- 
 fidered and determined upon, by either 
 the Master or the Groom, whoever 
 luckily pofTeffes the power of control, — - 
 a matter that it is much to be regretted 
 in the prefent era of polite refinement, 
 does not always attach itfeif to the privilege 
 of the former. 
 
 F 4 A very 
 
7 z- GREAS E. 
 
 A very advanced and long neglected cafe' 
 of this k'ind, degenerates to, and gradati- 
 on ally difplays fymptoms of 
 
 GREASE, 
 
 Becoming the more inveterate and lefs 
 likely to be curable, the longer it has been 
 permitted to remain without a check. In 
 all cafes of this kind or defcription, the 
 indications of cure are precifeiy the fame * 
 as already recited, requiring only perfe- 
 •vering exertions in proportion to the ex- 
 ternal appearance and internal progrefs of 
 difezfe ; which in almoft every cafe of 
 difficulty has affumed the complexion of 
 feverity from a degree of neglect in. the firfi 
 inftance, or an expectation of miracles 
 in the fecond, where the parties concerned 
 who (not adverting to the effects of Me- 
 dicine, or the operations of nature) grow 
 impatient in their expectations, and relax 
 
 in 
 
 * Only varying the Purging 3alj,s for " Strong c/ 
 mild Mercurial" according to the fize and ftrength of the 
 horfe, and f< ftening the parts dailv with camphorated 
 Sperjnaeceti Ointment. 
 
CRACKS and SCRATCHES. 73 
 
 m their endeavours at the very moment 
 that power and perfeverance mould jointly 
 accumulate to eradicate the foundation of 
 difeafe. 
 
 CRACKS and SCRATCHES, 
 
 Are fubjecls upon the management of 
 which very little need be introduced ; they 
 are generally much more the effect of in- 
 dolence in the Groom, (by leaving them 
 wet and dirty in cold or frofly weather) 
 than any tendency to humours, or difeafe 
 in the horfe. As they are univerfally al- 
 lowed to be engendered by inattention, they 
 mould be as cautioufly counteracted by a 
 ftrenuous exertion of indefatigable induftry. 
 Cleanlinefs in the extreme is the leading 
 ftep to fuccefs, therefore warning clean 
 with a fponge, foftened in a warm gela- 
 tinous gruel, wiping gently dry with a 
 pliable linen cloth, and laffcly meliorating 
 all the lacerated parts with a fuperficial 
 impregnation of Camphorated Sperma- 
 cceti Ointment, feldom or ever fail to 
 effect a fpeedy obliteration, 
 
 But 
 
74 THRUSH, 
 
 he k & o, 
 
 foetid ichorous difcharq;e from the cracks, 
 or callous appearance of the edges di'play 
 evident figns of even probable feverity, if. 
 will be better to anticipate the poflibility of 
 compulfion, by adopting the ufe of half a 
 dozen Mild Diuretics, and the fame 
 number of Alterative Powders, in the 
 way already defcribed ; upon which fuch 
 reliance may be made, as with proper care 
 and attention will not open the door of 
 deception and difappointment. 
 
 THRUSH, 
 
 Is frequently the caufe of much trouble 
 and difquietude, becoming like many other 
 defects we treat of a matter of more or 
 .lets concern, according to its progrefs and 
 permanence, if not judiciouily oblerved, 
 and properly counteracted in its infancy, 
 before the Frog becomes mutilated by the 
 corrolive property and acrimonious fcetidity 
 of the difcharge ; which varying in different 
 fubjecls, according to the grofsnefs. of the 
 fubjGct, or the peculiar conformation of the 
 
 foot, 
 
THRUSH, 75 
 
 *foot, renders it a matter of inconvenience 
 and vexation, in proportion to the destruc- 
 tion of a part to which the mind io naturally 
 ^dverts, as the feat and fafety of action. 
 
 In all flight and Superficial cafes it is a 
 matter of but little confequence, and eafily 
 remedied by proper Stable care and atten- 
 tion ; but when by neglect it has been fnf- 
 fered to corrode and perforate the frog, it 
 frequently generates into an habitual per- 
 manence, and alleviation is all that can be 
 expected. This is the cafe too in a variety 
 of inftances where the defect is inveterately 
 hereditary, and abfolutely transmitted from 
 fire or dam ; in both which cafes the 
 mouths of the deep feated vefTels continue 
 to get more putrefied by the foetid and cor- 
 rofive property of the matter difcharged, 
 and acquire a callohty that from its remote 
 Situation from the furface, it is impoffible to 
 effect by any external application, without 
 evident injury to the parts that furround 
 the feat of difeafe. 
 
 Spirituous Styptics and Vitriolic In- 
 jections have been recommended by for- 
 mer 
 
76 THRUSH, 
 
 mer writers, and are beyond a doubt fre-< 
 quently brought into ufe, particularly by 
 thofe honeji induflrious fervants, who wifli 
 to effectually nide from their Masters the 
 fruits of their previous care and unremitting 
 attention. The practice however is replete 
 with danger, and ought to be carefully 
 avoided ; for certain it is, to this mode of 
 treatment we are indebted for the number 
 of bad eyed horfes we fee in and round the 
 Metropolis, which cannot create momentary 
 furprize, when we recollect that fertile 
 fpot , abounds more in Quackery and its 
 ProfefFors* than every other part of the 
 Kingdom, 
 
 Nature in this buiinefs may befo/icz'ted, 
 but fhe will not be driven ; rational and 
 fimple methods are therefore the moil likely 
 to be [reductive of fuccefs. Cleanliness 
 in this particular inftance is the very fheet 
 anchor of hope ; from which confideration 
 arifes the indifpenfible neceffity of extract- 
 ing every kind of extraneous fubftance 
 after work or exercife, by means of water 
 mildly warm, and a water brum (in pre- 
 ference to the injurious introduction of the 
 
 picker) 
 
THRUSH. , 77 
 
 • 
 
 picker) as the infmuation and retention of 
 
 'dirt) fand y or gravely are always to be 
 dreaded as enemies that irritate and encreafe 
 "the caufe of difeafe. 
 
 After the horfe is completely drefFed* 
 and the frog perfectly dry from the effect 
 of the warning, two or three tea fpoons- 
 full of Tincture of Myrrh maybe poured 
 upon the part, and the foot held up till a 
 fufficiency is abforbed into the feat of injury; 
 where it is not intended to act as a repellent, 
 or to divert the'difcharge to other channels, 
 but to Simulate the mouths of the veffels, 
 that by fuch irritation they may be encou- 
 raged to throw off the load of offenfive mat- 
 ter with which they have been overcharged; 
 thereby cleanfing the interfaces of the pu- 
 trid filth that continues to corrode, con- 
 ftituting fuch feparation of parts as may 
 ten<J to obliterate the old and promote the 
 growth of new. 
 
 Altho' this fubject may not in general be 
 thought of fufficient magnitude to juftify 
 farther animadverfion, yet it becomes in 
 fame degree neceflary to add^ that where 
 
 fuch 
 
</S THRUS Hi 
 
 fuch cafes (as it frequently happens) have 
 been permitted to reach fuch advanced 
 flage as may bear the appearance of non- 
 fubmiflion — where the cleft or aperture irv 
 the centre of the frog gets worfe inftead of 
 better— the difcharge increafingly offenfive 
 and the heel contracted in confequence — it 
 affords every reafon to believe the juices 
 are vitiated, and require internal counter- 
 action, 
 
 However it may be believed that in re- 
 cent or flight cafes, a few Diuretic Balls 
 may have been adequate to expectation in 
 their effect ; yet in thofe of confirmed ob- 
 ftinacy, there can be no doubt but two or 
 three dofes of Mild Mercurial Phyfic 
 fhould have the preference, as a fyftematic 
 prelude to fuch courfe of Alteratives, 
 as may confcitute a falutary change in the 
 property of the blood. 
 
 Having defcended to fuch minutiae as the 
 preceding heads feemed to demand, we 
 confequently return to the proper manage- 
 ment of Swelled Legs already defcribed,, 
 when becoming the concomitants of an 
 
 emaciated 
 
T H R U S H. 79 
 
 emaciated frame, and evidently arifmg 
 from a laxity of the folids and an impover- 
 ished ftate of the blood. Thefe, as they 
 rire derived from a very different caufe, fo 
 they require a very different mode of treat* 
 merit from thofe originating in a vifcidity 
 of the blood, and confequent ftagnation of 
 the fluids, the particulars of which have 
 been clearly entered into under their difiinct 
 
 heads. 
 
 i 
 
 The leading objects here are to invigorate 
 the fyflem, to enliven the circulation, and 
 reflore the folids to their original elafticitv. 
 That this may be done with confiftency, 
 and afcertained to a certainty, every idea 
 of parfimonious precaution mull be iuper- 
 ceded bv the undifcuifed hand of diftin- 
 guifhing liberality ; a conftant and judicious 
 iupply of the befl and moft nutritious ali- 
 ment, will almofi preclude the officious in- 
 terpolation of Medicine. 
 
 Nightly mafhes of two thirds ground 
 malt and one fine pollard, — foft water in 
 fmall quantities three or four times a day, 
 followed up by fimilar fupplies of nice. fra- 
 grant 
 
8a HIDEBOUND, &c. 
 
 grant hav, — o-ood found oats morning; and. 
 noon, — regular exercife, (but that gentle 
 and under rather than over the horie's 
 fixength,) with patient leg rubbing at ever^ 
 opportunity to aflift in reftoring the veflels 
 to their proper tone, with a Cordial Ball 
 every other morning for Jix^ will, beyond 
 a doubt, or the fear of difappointment, foon 
 promote the object to a (late of the moil 
 
 PERFECT CONDITION, 
 
 Upon the fubject of Acrimony iri the 
 blood, to prevent a renewal of it in a 
 different part of the work, we may conti*- 
 nue to obferve, that there are other difordefs 
 arife from its uncontrouled continuance, as 
 
 HIDEBOUND, 
 
 SURFEIT, 
 
 And MANGE, 
 
 They are all of the fame family, and in a, 
 great degree dependent upon each other, as 
 may be readily conceived by giving the 
 matter a concife elucidation. 
 
 The 
 
HIDEBOUND, &c. 81 
 
 'The Blood acquiring a certain difpro- 
 portion of acrimonious ferum, by the means 
 of Jhort and bad Aliment, as already ex- 
 plained ; we are riot erroneous in flating, 
 that the longer it continues in the habit, 
 Without counteraction, the greater mufl be 
 its effect in vitiating the original purity of 
 the bloodi Its power becomes confequently 
 progreffive, in direct Conformity with the 
 " gradational fnades of difeafe, as bad — - 
 Very bad- — worse — worst," promulgated 
 in the earlier pages of remarks, and may in 
 the preferit inflance be thus comprehended* 
 
 A horfe faid to be Hidebound, has an un- 
 common contracted tightnefs, and want of 
 healthy pliability in the (kin, which felt 
 on either fide, feems clofely adhering to, 
 and almoft infeparable from the ribs ; the 
 coat is alternately fmooth and flaring in 
 patches, and looking at it in fome directions 
 it appears of different hues ; the fubject, 
 bearing' the appearance of unmerited po- 
 verty, and by the ufual hollownefs of the 
 eyes and dejection of fpirits, difplays evident 
 figns of internal difquietude. 
 
 , Q Great 
 
8s HIDEBOUND, k& 
 
 Great part of the former fyftem prudently 
 appertains to this,— Bleeding in a moderate 
 proportion is premifed as the unavoidable 
 prelude to altering the property of what 
 remains ; by changing the quantity 9 we 
 gain one point towards altering the qua- 
 lity. Mafhes of the nutritive and com- 
 fortable kind follow of courfe ; thofe men- 
 tioned in the preceding article, or in their 
 ftead if inconvenient, or hard to obtain, 
 equal parts of Oats and Bran may be ufed, 
 with fix ounces or half a pound of Honey in 
 each : great exertions being made in regular 
 dreffings, to affifl the circulation and open 
 the pores for the transpiration of infenfible 
 perfpiration* 
 
 The above appearance long neglecled, 
 affumes a different afpect, difplaying fome 
 of thofe cutaneous eruptions, or partial 
 lofles of hair, that are diftinguifhed by the 
 appellation of Surfeit ; to go largely into 
 the inveftigation of which, would very far 
 exceed the limits allotted to this fubject, 
 in a Work contracted to a fpace for univerfal. 
 convenience. It muft. therefore fufHce to 
 £ay> like many other diforders, it varies in 
 
 different 
 
Hidebound, &c; 83 
 
 liferent objects, acting with more feverity 
 upon the habit of fome than of others ; 
 the puflules, the irritation, and little lace- 
 rations increaling with the length of time 
 it has been lurking in the frame, which 
 progreffion of fhades gives it to many the 
 appearance of different diforders, tho' they 
 are in fact only more prominent and ad- 
 vanced features of the fame dileafe. 
 
 However the complexion may vary, the 
 mode of cure is directly the fame, it may- 
 be rendered complete by the leading traits 
 juft mentioned, throwing an Alterative 
 Powder into the corn in the morning, and 
 the mam at night for ten days or a fort- 
 night; warning the lacerated parts, of 
 puftules^ every day with the following 
 lotion :— --Take, 
 
 Oil of Tartar per deliquum, fix ounces, 
 Soft water, two ounces. — Mix and keep 
 flopped. 
 
 Should the diforder have? gained fo much 
 ground as to hold forth a probability of 
 permanence, it will be right to continue the 
 
 G 2, fyftem 
 
84 HIDEBOUND, &c. 
 
 fyflem of invigoration, till the fubjecl: II 
 enough above the line of mediocrity to bear* 
 evacuants previous to his being put into 
 work or ftrong exercife. In which cafe r , 
 two or three dotes of the Mild Mercurial 
 phyfic if, a flight or blood horfe, or the 
 Strong Mercurial if a draft or heavy 
 horfe, had better be brought into ufe, than 
 encounter the chance of farther difquietude. 
 And this is a matter the more worthy at- 
 tention when a previous remark is recon- 
 fidered "that the longer fuch. acrimony 
 remains unchecked in the habit, the more 
 fevere muft be its effects.** 
 
 In conformity with the confiftency of* 
 this idea there cannot be the leaf! doubt» 
 but a cutaneous eruption, paffing vinder the 
 appellation of Surfeit, (or in fact any 
 other denomination) will, from its in- 
 creating power in every advanced ftage* 
 become doubly deftru&ive in its progrefs, 
 and foon degenerate into fuch general ftate 
 of external morbidity, — -excoriation or lofs 
 of hair, as is confidered a rank and inveterate 
 Mange, however it may be differently 
 named by different practitioners, in com- 
 pliment 
 
HIDEBOUND, &c. 85 
 
 pliment to the fenfations of their employ* 
 ers ; fome of whom perhaps may with dif- 
 ficulty reconcile it to their own ideas of 
 liberality, to have fo degrading a diforder 
 appear upon the premifes. 
 
 As it has been before obferved, and will 
 no doubt fland generally admitted, that 
 thefe gradational mades of difeafe are' all 
 collateral branches of the fame family, fo 
 it may be reafonably inferred, that the 
 Mange is, (Death excepted) the very tie 
 plus ultra of Poverty ; and as it feldom 
 happens but to fubjects of the molt trifling 
 value, fo it is natural to conclude, very 
 little expence indeed is encountered, or at- 
 tention beftowed upon fuch occaiions. 
 
 Conceiving however that much explana- 
 tory matter, and fatisfaclory information 
 may be derived from the preceding ftages 
 and their annexed mode of treatment ; it 
 remains only to render fuch additional af- 
 fiftance as may prove proportionally pow- 
 erful to counteract the fame fpecies of dif- 
 eafe when advanced to fo great a degree of 
 inveteracy. Total extirpation cannot be 
 G 3 expected 
 
$$ HIDEBOUND, &e, 
 
 expected by the life of internals only, whers 
 the integument has acquired a rigid callo-* 
 ;fity by the acrimonious irritation. 
 
 To obtund the former and allay the latter, 
 are the leading fteps to early obliteration* 
 To effect both, — Take 
 
 Antimony, finely powdered, twelve 
 
 ounces, 
 Sulphur, eight ounces, 
 Cream of Tartar, four ounces. 
 Mix well together, and divide into twelve 
 papers of two ounces each ; of thefe let 
 one be given in the feeds of coin, ^oc 
 mafhes) every night and morning. 
 
 During which courfe of alteratives, 
 let every part of the frame, where there 
 is the leaft appearance of eruption or ex- 
 conation, be patiently, and plentifully 
 rubbed with a proper portion of the fol- 
 lowing unguent every other day.— Take 
 
 Sulphur Vivum, fix ounces, 
 White Helebore Powder, four ounces, 
 JUack Pepper powdered fine, two ounces* 
 
 S|if 
 
Purging. 87 
 
 Stir thefe into twenty ounces of Hog's 
 L,ard, melted, but barely warm ; and 
 before it is quite cold add Oil of Tartar, 
 .per deliquum, four ounces, and let it be 
 kept tied over with a bladder for ufe. 
 
 Thefe means are fufficient to cure this 
 difeafe without the leaft collateral aid and 
 are calculated for thofe who wifh to avoid 
 expence, and to extend it only in pro- 
 portion to the value of the object con- 
 cerned ; it is therefore neceffary to obferve, 
 that where the fubjecT: is of confiderable 
 value, and a wifh is entertained to hazard 
 the lefs probability of a relapfe, by altering 
 the property of the Blood, when the 
 horfe has acquired a renewal of strength 
 and vigour, no good reafon can be advanced 
 againft a courfe of gentle Mercurial phyfic, 
 with the neceffary care and attention fq 
 frequently mentioned, 
 
 PURGING. 
 
 The unavoidable neceflity for occafionally 
 
 recommending this important operation, 
 
 G 4 in 
 
88 PURGING, 
 
 in fiich a variety of cafes as will constantly 1 
 occur, is alone fnfficient to demonfbate 
 the propriety of its utility, its effect, and 
 its danger being perfectly underflood. 
 
 As there are many, who piqueing them- 
 felves upon a cynical fuperiority, an afTe&ed 
 cunning, or inflexible obftinacy, confidently 
 tell you, " they never phyfic their horfes, 
 and yet they are always well ;" fo there is 
 another happy collection, who falling into 
 the fame opinion, are (to conftitute the 
 contrafh ) equally unfortunate, by a fuc- 
 ceffion of /// luck, in hardly ever having a 
 found or healthy horfe in poffeffion ; while 
 we well know the permanent advantages 
 derived from the practice, by thofe who 
 cleanfe their horfes at proper feafons with 
 care and confiitency, infuring to themfelves 
 the confolation, in return for a little -ex- 
 tra expence and trouble, of ftables in a 
 ftate of unfullied perfection. 
 
 Altho' fcientific inveftigation and tedious 
 difquifition was originally intended to take 
 as little room as circumitances would ad- 
 mit, yet it is impofhble to pafs over this 
 
 very 
 
ITS PROPRIETY. 89 
 
 Very material article, without affording it 
 every experimental remark, every practical 
 occurrence, and every medical minutiae 
 that can at all tend to fuch general eluci- 
 dation, as may render it more univerially 
 acceptable. 
 
 To reconcile jarring opinions, to en- 
 counter oppofite principles, and to eftablifh 
 incontrovertible proofs of its falutary effects 
 (either as a preventative or cure,) may 
 perhaps make the Subject feem long and' 
 uninterefting to thofe, who already in pof- 
 feffion of reason and truth, ftand not in 
 need of conviction ; but when it is taken 
 into the fcale of consideration, how very 
 fmall a portion of the multitude fuch en- 
 lightened . lift contains, no farther apology 
 need be offered for going an explanatory 
 length into the magnitude of the Subject. 
 
 The fuperficial comprehension of purging 
 in general, goes no farther than a mere re- 
 petitional difcharge from the inteitinal 
 accumulation, without adverting to all the 
 conSequences of its latent effects upon the 
 fyftem at large ; or a relative confederation 
 
 to 
 
90 PURGING, 
 
 to its more remote influence upon tWe 
 parts that are but little fuppofed to be at all 
 affecTed by the operation. To bring this 
 loofe idea a few degrees nearer to evey 
 compreheniion, is the entire bufinefs of this 
 investigation, which may with very little 
 application be univerfally underftood, 
 
 Without a practical knowledge of the 
 anatomical ftructure it may be readily con- 
 ceived, that the internal coat of the fto- 
 mach is fo plentifully fupplied with nervous 
 ramifications, that it becomes a joint and 
 ferious feat of irritability, evidently de- 
 pendent in action upon whatever may be 
 taken or forced into its vacuum, either as 
 food or PHYSIC. 
 
 Exclusive therefore of the acting ftimulus 
 of Cathartic Medicines upon the extreme 
 fenfibilitv of the nervous fyftem, thus dif- 
 perfed by collateral branches through every 
 part of the frame, they aft alfo by fori- 
 tat ion upon the mouths of the lymphatics, 
 exciting a proportional regurgitation of 
 their contents into the inteftinal canal, fb 
 long as the Stimulative property of the me- 
 dicine 
 
ITS PROPRIETY. 91 
 
 ciicine may have power to act ; during 
 which, fuch abforption of lymph and regur- 
 gitation of chyle intermixes with and is 
 parried off by the excrementitious difcharges. 
 
 Were the obftinate, or incredulous, at 
 all difpofed to argue the propriety of, or 
 indeed the necessity for occalionally 
 purging horfes, either for the preser- 
 vation of HEALTH, PREVENTION of 
 DISEASE, Or PROMOTION of CONDITION, 
 
 fuch fa£ts mall be ftated to prove its utility 
 as muft inevitably fet the moft fubtile 
 difputant at defiance. To critical ob- 
 fervers it may have often happened, (in the 
 accumulating occurences at the Recep- 
 tacle it conftantly does,) that a horfe 
 fhall during the operation of his phyfic, 
 continue to be loofe in his excrements for 
 Jive ovjix hours, that the evacuation fhall 
 then have refumed its original firmriefs, 
 the horfe fhall dung twice or thrice as folid 
 as in his ufual habit, ( when no medicine 
 ^whatever had been adminiftered) that the 
 laxation mould then return and the phyfic 
 continue to operate 'till its termination, 
 
 as 
 
92 PURGING. 
 
 as thb* no obft ruction or variation had 
 taken place during its entire operation. 
 
 Had this been only a {ingle inftance in 
 practice, it might not have been thought 
 entitled to attention ; but it is a cir- 
 cumfiance that fo frequently occurs, it 
 leaves no room for conjecture, on the 
 contrary amply demonflrates a fact, — 
 That balls of indurated excrement form 
 in the inteftines, where ( being permitted 
 to remain too long without folution ) they 
 by their cruftaceous concretion conftitute 
 a mafs, diftending the interline beyond its 
 elafticity, when inflammatory cholic, and 
 mortification prefently enfues ; affording a 
 powerful reafon why fo many of thoie 
 very horfes •( draft in particular ) are car-* 
 ried off in the mod excruciating agonies, 
 who are well known never to have had a 
 dofe of phyfic, tho' for years they may 
 have been fubfifted upon the coarfeft and 
 moft unwholefome food that could poffibly 
 be obtained. 
 
 That this reprefentation may however 
 be extended beyond the idea of theory, or 
 
 the 
 
CASE. 93 
 
 flie accufation of profeflional hypothefis, 
 the reafoning muff be fupported by the 
 introdu&ion of indifputable authority. 
 
 CASE. 
 
 Some time fince a valuable coach horfe, 
 
 the property of the Rev. Mr. D 
 
 near Wooburn in Bedfordmire, was ob- 
 ferved to lay extended in the paflure 
 ( where he was turned out for fome hours 
 every day ) in a ftate of feeming infen- 
 fibility ; upon being roufed no indications 
 or predominant fymptoms of pain ap- 
 peared, but when left he almoft immedi- 
 ately refumed his former fituation. After 
 patiently waiting for fome hours and per- 
 ceiving no diipofition to action, he v/as got 
 up and removed to the ftable, where he 
 foon became attacked with excruciating 
 pains, which afforded intervals of eafe and 
 affumed a periodical appearance. 
 
 He declined food almoft entirely for the 
 firft few days, drank but little, was obferved 
 to void no excrement, and to ftale but in 
 
 very 
 
94 CASE; 
 
 ■Very fmall quantities. The pains ir& 
 quently returning with increafed fe verity, 
 raking, — glyftering and the whole fyftem 
 of village practice was brought into ufc 
 and perfevered in 'till the rectum was an 
 entire vacuum* The fubjecl: feemed re- 
 lieved from violent pain, but totally re- 
 fufed both food and water* Nature Was 
 now fupported by the efforts of art, in 
 drinks of broth, gruel, ale, &c. that a 
 neighbouring fuperintendent from his 
 Grace of B's. had judicioufly adopted as 
 moft applicable to prefent appearances. 
 
 In this ftate of the cafe, when the Horfe 
 had evacuated no excrement for three 
 weeks and Jive days, a letter arrived from 
 Mr. D. requeuing my advice and Medical 
 interpofition upon the occafion ; when a 
 parcel was difpatched by one of the long 
 Jiages y " Carriage Paid," with a hope they 
 would come to hand the fooner, without an 
 obftacle, and afford fome mitigation. This 
 it unfortunately proved could not have 
 happened had they been delivered; the 
 facl is they were totally loft, and the fub- 
 jecl: dying a few days after, the body was 
 
 opened, 
 
CASE* 95 
 
 Opened, when the mtefiines were found 
 violently diftended, and that part neareft 
 the rectum plugged up with a ball, that 
 when taken out weighed two pounds three 
 ounces ; the interlines were overloaded 
 with more than a large barrow full of ex- 
 crement, totally prevented from paffing 
 into the rectum by the obftruction the 
 ball had occalioned. The Ball was in- 
 cruftated with a fubftance like Hone, and 
 appeared within when feparated like hard 
 dry dung; which was manifeftly the 
 bails of concretion, and ultimate caufe of 
 his death. This might undoubtedly have 
 been prevented by a little more attention 
 to occanonal evacuation ; as evidently ne- 
 ceflary in the animal world as in the hu- 
 man fpecies. 
 
 Having introduced one only of the many 
 forcible arguments that might be adduced 
 to demonflrate the abfolute neceffity for 
 Purging (if health and condition are ob- 
 jects of importance) ; the next confider- 
 ation is to adapt the ftrength of your Me- 
 dicine to the iize, ftate, neih, age, pro- 
 mii'ed perfection, or prefent foulnefs of the 
 
 horfe. 
 
9 6 CAS E; 
 
 horfe. For infra rice, to a flight of de- 
 licate blood horfe the " *Mild Purging 
 Ball " will be fufficient; to a flout roadfler 
 or carriage horfe the -''Strong*' may be 
 given ; to a horfe flightly affected with 
 foulnefsj fullnefs of the legs, heavinefs in 
 the eyes, cracked heels, or threat'ning 
 Greafe, either the " Mild or Strong Mer- 
 curial Purging Balls " may be given * 
 making your choice by the fize and 
 flrength of your horfe, as juft defcribed; 
 in the ufe of the Mild or Strong Purging; 
 where they are brought in only as eva- 
 cuAnts to prevent difeafe, and not as in 
 the cafe of Mercurials, with a curative' in- 
 tention. " Cordial Rhubarb Purging'* is 
 proper for horfes of ftrength and fize, but 
 at the fame time of a delicate conftitution ; 
 and the " Purging Balls for Worms," it 
 will be found impoffible to take into ufe 
 without the defired effect. 
 
 Admitting; the neceflitv of occafional 
 evacuations to be promoted by the means 
 already defcribed, it becomes direclly 
 in point to flate the danger to which the 
 
 animal 
 * See Concluiion. 
 
CASE. 97 
 
 Animal is expofed by a want of proper 
 care and attention during the operation. 
 To a palpable want of this, as well as to 
 the innate indolence, invincible obfKnacy, 
 or malicious neglect of thofe zvorthy, Indus- 
 trious fervants and faithful dependents, 
 to whom the fuperintendence of fuch valu- 
 able objects is fo confrantly and unavoidably 
 intruded'; in corroboration of, and the 
 more to enforce the abfolute and indif- 
 penfible necefiity for a ftrict obfervance of 
 the rules I fhall hereafter lay down under 
 this head, (and which in twenty years 
 practice I have never known productive of 
 ill,) I muft claim permiffion to introduce 
 Hvo (of many) cafes that have recently 
 occurred in practice, as warnings to grooms 
 and fervants in general, to avoid that rock 
 of inattention and carelefliiefs, by which fo 
 many valuable horfes in Pbyjic have been 
 ili [patched to the hounds. 
 
 CASE. 
 
 Some time lince I was called to give 
 an opinion in the neighbourhood of High- 
 
 H GATE, 
 
98 CASE. 
 
 gate, upon the ftate of a horfe then la* 
 boring under excruciating intefiinal Jpaftns^ 
 the laft effecls of a Purging Ball, (admini- 
 ftered three days before) prepared at a 
 DruggiiVs in the City, and from a written 
 prefcription fent to the fhop, 
 
 In the courfe of a very accurate invefti- 
 gation, (if the information given by the 
 Servants in queftion was authentic, and 
 might be relied on, which by the bye, is in 
 all cafes of the kind exceedingly doubtful,) 
 the phyfic had operated far beyond the line 
 of coniiftency ; and exclufive of the confe- 
 quently increafed ftimulus that excited in- 
 effectual {trainings, (when the inteftinal 
 canal was effectually cleared) had beyond a 
 doubt wiped away the very mucus that was 
 fo evidently intended as a guard to the /«• 
 ternal coat of the intestines. 
 
 In fuch flate it would be difficult to de- 
 cide, whether the imprudence of fervants, 
 (by an adminiftration of the frigid element 
 from the pump, or the admimon of a cur- 
 rent of external air in the then relaxed 
 flate of the whole fyftem, might not 
 
 iuddenlj 
 
CAS Ec- 99 
 
 Suddenly collapfe all the cutaneous paffages, 
 and throw the perfpirative matter (thus 
 obftrucled,) inftantaneoufly upon the Vi- 
 tals, £o as to conftitute thofe spasms, that 
 in oppofition to every effort of art, (in 
 Cordials blended with Anodynes, and fub- 
 ftantial Gelatinous Glyfters, having an 
 adequate portion of Laudanum) ended in a 
 Mortification, and carried off the fubjedt 
 in lefs than four and twenty hours after th© 
 attack. 
 
 C A S E. 
 
 In three days after fo diftreffing a fcene* 
 I was called at five in the morning to a 
 fimilar cafe, in the ftable of a gentleman 
 of fortune, at the fafhionable extremity of. 
 the Town. Here I had to encounter a 
 System of Purging, a fpecimen of extra 
 care and attention, that "beggars all def- 
 eription;*' it " harrows up the foul of hu- 
 manity," and leaves the fertile mind to 
 lament the infenfibility of one clafs, the 
 penury (or inability) of a fecond, and 
 H 2 the 
 
ioo CASE. 
 
 the wretchedly fhameful inattention, want 
 of care, and palpable cruelty of a third. 
 
 Here I found two valuable horfes (ope 
 an extreme favourite of the owner) under 
 the full operation of Physic, in the fol- 
 lowing way. Firft, a pair of carriage 
 horfes in a larsre loftv flable with the doors 
 wide open at the cold and chilling hour 
 beforementioned ; next flood expofed to 
 all the chances of fpeedy difTolution, one of 
 the fubjecls in queflion, with very little 
 cloaths, and lefs litter, (for he flood lite- 
 rally upon the bare flones,) his covering 
 sc the remnant of an old flriped hanging," 
 with part of a fack " thereunto apper- 
 taining," as fuperlative fpecimens of opu- 
 lent wretchednefs. 
 
 In the next flail lay the obje r f angel* 
 
 and accumulated diflrefs, with the head 
 beyond the hinder extremity of the 
 and in her convulfions (which wei e 
 unceafing) her fore feet beating 
 hind legs of the object lafl 
 what motive is no*- lir. • lej •' 
 
 wliinn and caDi ice of ; i:: ■ 
 
CASE. 101 
 
 Groom, call him which you pleafe, or 
 neither) this unfortunate favourite mare of 
 his matter's had her ball of a different kind 
 from the former, which proved to be one 
 of my own Preparation, Seal, and Sig- 
 nature, purchafed at Kearsley's, in Fleet- 
 Street ; on the other hand the ball for the 
 mare in queftion was prepared from a 
 prefcription taken to a fhop of no fmall ap- 
 pearance, not an hundred miles from either 
 Great- Queen-Street, or St. Martin' s-Lane. 
 
 Whether (as the prefcription was taken 
 from a book, and contained one drachm of 
 Calomel) any miftake had, happened by 
 the introduction of Corrojive Sublimate, 
 inftead of Calomel, where the ball was 
 prepared ; or that the effect had been pro- 
 duced by the lhameful neglect and inat- 
 tention reflecting cold water, or the expo- 
 fure to damp and chilling air, it will never 
 (from the felf-fufficiency of the parties and 
 their invincible averiion to reform) be 
 poflible to afcertain. Suffice it to fay, 
 that from the length and increafing ftrength 
 of the convulfive paroxyfms (during which 
 in a feemingly flight exertion, ilie fractured 
 H 3 the 
 
102 CASE. 
 
 the Helper's arm), it was thought prudent 
 to put an end to her mifery, there not ap- 
 pearing the moil diftant hope of her 
 recovery. Thefe lofTes, fever e as they are 
 to individuals^ open a flattering field of in- 
 formation to the world at large, who are 
 eventually interefted in whatever may be 
 communicated from indifputable authority 
 for the general good. 
 
 A great variety of fimilar cafes are per-? 
 fectly within recollection, but the infertion 
 of thefe only are flifficient to demonflrate 
 the danger of fubmitting fo ferious an 
 operation to the ejfedt of chance ; as well as 
 to refcue from ignorance, illiteracy, 
 and incredible obstinacy, an animal, that 
 it is anxioufly to be hoped is, under the 
 prefent predominance of modern refine- 
 ment and fyftematic inveftigation, be- 
 coming gradually pofleiTed of the attention 
 and tenderiiefs he has been for ages equally 
 entitled to. 
 
 That a fubject of fo much importance 
 may receive every ray of improvement 
 from the advantages of experimental prac- 
 tices 
 
INSTRUCTIONS, for PURGING. 103 
 
 vice, it has been thought prudent to in- 
 troduce fuch circumftances as are pro- 
 ductive of danger ; and having fb done, 
 it becomes equally applicable to hold out 
 the means mod likely to avoid it: by- 
 minutely reciting fuch inftruclions for the 
 treatment of horses in physic, as, (under 
 the fanction of unfullied fuccefs) is entitled 
 
 tO PUBLIC APPROBATION. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 
 
 The day of admin iftering the ball hav- 
 ing been determined on, let the horfe have 
 two mashes the preceding day (at noon 
 and night), of fweet bran and clean oats, 
 equal parts, upon which pour boiling water 
 and ftir them well together, letting the 
 compofition ftand 'till of a very flight 
 warmth, before it is placed in the manger ; 
 as by being offered too hot, fome horfes are 
 alarmed at the fumes, or fcald themfelves 
 by attempting it too eagerly, and ever after 
 become averfe to maihes in any ftate 
 whatever. 
 
 H 4 On 
 
ro4 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING, 
 
 On the following morning early, let the* 
 ball be given in the manner now defcribed, 
 avoiding the ufe of that abfurd, ridiculous, 
 and cruel invention the "balling iron,'* 
 calculated only to lacerate the parts and 
 render the horfe jhy about the head and 
 mouth upon every future occafion. Let 
 the Groom or Servant who moft conflantly 
 attends the horfe (and to whom he is of 
 courfe befl known), flip the fingers of his 
 left hand into the off fide of the horfe's 
 mouth, and taking gently hold of the 
 horfe's tongue, draw it out on that fide ; 
 when, affifling a little with the other hand 
 to get a firmer grafp, the mouth is kept as 
 defirably and fafely open, as if the balling 
 iron was abfolutely in ufe. 
 
 The operator having previouily placed 
 the ball in his right hand waiftcoat pocket, 
 now takes it into that hand, and ilir- 
 roundino- it with his fingers and thumb in a 
 conical form, Conveys it (with a proper 
 degree of resolution) to the very root of 
 the tongue, where with a little exertion of 
 the fingers, in propelling the ball, it paries 
 the curve at the entrance of the Gullet ; 
 
 when 
 
INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 105 
 
 when withdrawing his right hand, in- 
 Jiantly letting go the tongue with his 
 left (and placing it under the jaws fo as to 
 lift up the head) he fees the ball pafs with- 
 out encountering the leafl difficulty. 
 
 This done, give him a couple of quarts 
 of foft water to take off the naufea, put on 
 an additional fheet, throw a handful of 
 fweet picked hay into his rack, let him 
 have a good leg rubbing for a quarter of an 
 hour, then fhake up his litter and leave 
 him undifturbed for three or four hours ; 
 at which time make your raafh as on the 
 preceding evening, and when cool enough 
 go to ftable. After fettling the litter, 
 rubbing his legs and flank again for a few 
 minutes, and wiping the manger exceed- 
 ingly clean, (always taking away any mam 
 that may have been left or refufed) offer 
 the mam, which leaving before him, fhut 
 up again for four hours ; when you again 
 go through the former ceremony of 
 " fetting fair," give about fix quarts of 
 foft water with the chill taken off (but 
 not enough for fumes to arife), after 
 which, fhake into the rack a few handfuls 
 
 of 
 
io6 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 
 
 of hay well picked and fhaken, locking up 
 as before. 
 
 From the great length of the inteftinal 
 canal, phyiic is in general full or near 
 twenty hours before it operates ; this is not 
 however by any means an invariable rule, 
 for it in a great degree depends upon the 
 confiitution of the horfe and the itate of his 
 body. For this reafon, after the firft 
 twelve hours, it becomes the more ne- 
 ceffary to attend frequently to the flable, 
 and obferve the progrefs. Some horfes 
 bear purging with much more courage 
 than others, many feel the regurgitating 
 naulea and aloetic eructations to a certain 
 degree of difquietude, lofs of appetite, and 
 loathing of water, neither eating or drink- 
 ing fatisfa&orily during the operation; 
 while others eat malh, corn, and hay, as 
 well as drink water warm or cold, with the 
 ^greater!: avidity fo foon or often as it is 
 placed before them. 
 
 This is to be confidered an almoft inva- 
 riable proof of ilrong constitutional 
 stamina, and fuch horfes will bear a pow- 
 erful 
 
INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 107 
 
 erful courfe of three dofes, (mould their 
 foulnefs or infirmities render it necefTary, , y 
 better than thofe of a delicate habit or weak 
 cpnflitution, wilj throw off tivo of a much 
 more moderate proportion. It mould be 
 held in memory that care miift be taken fo 
 foon as your ball is given, to exclude the 
 admiffion of external air by any particular 
 door or window, as well as to flop any cre- 
 vices in the ftable with feparated hay-bands, 
 by way of preferring an equal degree of 
 temperature and preventing any chilling 
 air that may inlinuate itfelf from obfcure or 
 indirect openings. 
 
 It will be naturally obferved from the 
 remarks jufr. now introduced, that as the 
 phyfic operates much fooner and more 
 powerfully with fome horfes than with 
 others, it is the more necefTary to be parti- 
 cularly attentive at the critical time alluded 
 to, and to fupply the fubjedt with drink and 
 mafhes, not only in fmall quantities, but 
 in direct conformity with the inclination 
 and diipoiition you obferve him diiplay. 
 At any rate it will be highly proper (and by 
 no means to be omitted) that he is attended 
 
 to 
 
io8 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 
 
 to the very lafl thing that night, and/>ro- 
 portionally early in the morning ; when the 
 ceremony of the preceding day is to be re- 
 peated, with the addition of frequent fup- 
 plies of water, given in the ftate before 
 defcribed, and mafhes at the ufual hour of 
 feeding with corn, when the horfe is not in 
 a courfe of phytic. 
 
 If the feafon is warm, the weather dry, 
 and the days long, he may be led out three 
 times in the day, about a quarter of an 
 hour or twenty minutes at each time, 
 (having a hood and an additional meet 
 more always out of t be Jiable than in ;) on 
 the contrary, mould the feafon be cold, the 
 weather wet or damp, and the days fhort, 
 Tv/ice for a quarter of an hour each time 
 will be fufficient, as a horfe frequently gets 
 languid and debilitated under flight ex- 
 ercife in phyfic. Exercise in moderation, 
 with a ftricl: attention to circumilances, is 
 productive of this convenience, it expedi- 
 tiouily affifts in promoting the folution of, 
 and carrying off the load of fceces that may 
 have been a lon^ time accumulating and 
 become proportionally indurated in the 
 
 inteflines ; 
 
INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 109 
 
 mteftines ; which is ftill more affiled by 
 giving him three or four quarts of water 
 before bringing him out of the ftable, a 
 matter of no fmall confequence, as it ex- 
 pedites the operation, and prevents its 
 being protracted for two or three days, a 
 circumftance that fome times happens, parti- 
 cularly when a facceffion of wet weather 
 prevents every poffibility of motion abroad. 
 
 In fuch difappointments, the only fub- 
 ftitute is, to wifp the head, neck, and breafl 
 well 111 the ftable thrice a day, turning up 
 the body cloths upon the back, (without 
 taking off the roller and flapping the 
 carcafe,) working well at the flank, belly, 
 and hind quarters, moving him by fo doing 
 from fide to fide in the flail, and finiihing 
 each time with good leg rubbing as before 
 directed; which will not only prevent a 
 tardinefs in the circulation, but bring the 
 ftagnant fluids into a ftate of fluctuation to 
 be the more readily carried off by the 
 forced evacuations. 
 
 In about thirty, or fix and thirty hours 
 in fbrri from.tjie beginning of the opera- 
 tion, 
 
no INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 
 
 tion, the phyiic begins to fet, (that is, the* 
 excrements begin to acquire their original 
 form and coniiftence) nor can it be fup- 
 pofed to have effected the purpofe for which 
 it was given unlefs it has kept the body 
 perfectly lax for Inch length of time, 
 though there are not wanting; inftances of 
 the operations continuing full two days and 
 two nights, without any ill confequence, or 
 even the appearance of debilitation, where 
 the nutriment taken has been proportion- 
 ally adequate to the continuance of the 
 difcharge. 
 
 This is a circumftance not altogether 
 dependent upon the ftrength of the me- 
 dicine, (to which it would undoubtedly be 
 attributed,) but might proceed merely 
 from the accumulation of excrement, 
 having become acrimonious by long reten- 
 tion in the interlines. In fituations of this 
 kind, whether caufed by what is premifed, 
 or the naturally weak conftitution of the 
 horfe, it will be advifeable to give one of 
 the Cordial Balls each morning, for 
 three in fucceffion, to invigorate the fyftem 
 and reftore by warm and srentle ftimulation. 
 
 the 
 
INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING, in 
 
 the tone of both ftomach and inteft.ines. To 
 horfes of this defcriptton, two doles of 
 phyfic will be always fufficient ; for how- 
 ever foul or defective they may be, it muit 
 certainly be much better to effect obliter- 
 ation by a fhort courfe of alteratives 
 after the two dofes, than to hazard the 
 chance of weakening the frame too much 
 by the ram interpofition of a third. 
 
 To the judgement and difcrimination of 
 the Owner, Groom, or Medical fuperin- 
 tendent it. mufr. be Submitted, at what 
 diflance of time to repeat the dofes, (whe- 
 ther two or three are given) having the 
 following criterion in mind to decide by. 
 However moderate the operation may have 
 been in the preceding dofe, a fecond mufl 
 never be given in lefs than Jix clear days 
 from the complete fetting of the dofe that 
 has gone before ; w T hich fix days mufl be 
 protracted to seven, eight, or nine, ac- 
 cording to the mildnefs or feverity of the 
 previous operation : adding to, or dimi- 
 nishing the dofe, as the State of Strength, 
 constitution, or difeafe of the fubjecf may 
 require. 
 
 Between 
 
H2 INSTRUCTIONS for PURGING. 
 
 Between the dofes, exercife is an article 
 of too much confequence to be neglected 
 when the weather will permit ; mould 
 which be fevere in either rain, froji, or 
 fnow, the deficiency muft be compenfated 
 for by extra dreffings in the ftable. This 
 exercife mould be exceedingly gentle for 
 the firfl ten days after the lafi dofe, (as well 
 as between the former) and may upon the 
 whole be properly regulated by the follow- 
 ing ftandard. For each of the two jirfi days 
 after the phyfic is completely fet, and the 
 excrements become firm, half an hour s 
 walking exercife will be fufficient, with 
 fubftantial dreffing and proportional leg- 
 rubbing in the ftable. The third and fourth 
 day (with good weather) may be extended 
 to one hour ; the fifth and fixth to one hour 
 and an half-, the fevenih and eighth to two 
 hours. About the tenth day he may go 
 into a fhort, moderate, and eafy canter, 
 which may be gradually increafed every 
 day ; when at the end of three weeks, he 
 may in mild and gentle exertions, appear 
 with the hounds, and undergo a burft or 
 two (provided he is not diftreit.) with 
 harriers or fox hounds ; but it will be im- 
 prudent 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. n 3 
 
 *prudent to take him to ftag hounds, with a 
 good running deer, in lefs than a month 
 after he is ouj; of his phyfic. 
 
 Having laid down fuch invariable rules 
 as become unavoidably neceffary to go 
 through a courfe of phyfic with fafety, 
 a few additional remarks mould be invari- 
 ably retained in memory ; that during the 
 operation, a horfe mould never be moved 
 out of the ftable in rain-, {tripped of his 
 cloathino; from the time of giving the ball 
 
 O DO 
 
 to the fetting of the phyfic; or expofed to a 
 cold and damp air by any means whatever. 
 Either of thefe by a fudden collapfion of 
 the porous fyftem, may not only lay the 
 foundation of difeafes in which the eyes, 
 lungs, or circulation may become danger- 
 oufly affected, but of unforefeen and unex- 
 pected calamities, terminating in the way 
 already defcribed in the cafes previoufly 
 introduced. 
 
 GRIPES and FRET 
 
 Are in general conception received and 
 
 eonfidered as one and the fame diforder.— 
 
 I The 
 
ii4 acut£ diseases. 
 
 The facl: however is not fo, for altho* 
 they are in external appearance nearly the 
 fame, the original caufes are very differ- 
 ently to be defined. Thefe diforders are of 
 two diftinct kinds, the former proceeding 
 from an accumulation of excrement in the 
 inteftinal canal, become indurated by time, 
 exciting pain in proportion to its retention; 
 which continuing unrelieved produces in- 
 flammation and not unfrequently mor- 
 tification enfuesy fpeedily ending in 
 
 DEATH. 
 
 After the firft attack there is very rarely 
 any ceffation of fymptoms, on the contrary 
 they almoft. invariably increafe, in propor- 
 tion to the time they have continued with- 
 out counteraction. The fubject is in fuch 
 extreme agony that he becomes infenfible 
 to every degree of danger, and totally dif- 
 obedient even to thofe he is moil accuf- 
 tomed to; he is alternately up and down, 
 rolling over from one fide to the other, 
 beating- his head and legs ao-ainft the 
 ground, ftall, or wall, and continues in 
 fuch flate of extravagant diftortion as feems 
 nearly allied to madnefs or convulfions. 
 
 The 
 
ACtJTE DISEASES. 115 
 
 *The wild ftilnefs of his eyes, the pricking 
 of his ears, the heaving of his flank, the 
 involuntary groanings and {trainings to 
 c|ung and ftale without effect, (in addition 
 to the profufe fweat that the excruciating 
 pain occaiions,) are a collection of fymp- 
 toms fufficient to demonftrate the fpecies 
 of difeafe without a probability of being 
 deceived. 
 
 It has been before obferved, that the 
 principal object of this work, is immediate 
 relief, without the previous talk of literary 
 difquifition and fcientific inveftigation ; to 
 promote which without unneceffary delay, 
 (and while the collateral means are in pre- 
 paration,) let two or three incifions with 
 the phleme be made in the fourth and fifth 
 bars of the mouth, fo as to occaiion a plen- 
 tiful bleeding, which will not only con- 
 tribute to a reduction of the general ftric- 
 ture, but in its effect; upon the internal 
 paffages conftitute a prelude to the relax- 
 ation that is to enfue. 
 
 This cafe is one of thofe where the pro- 
 bable extrication from impending danger 
 I z depends 
 
n6 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 depends entirely upon the expeditious 
 mode of communicating alleviation ; to 
 take off the painful fpafms from the in- 
 terlines, by an Immediate folution of the^r 
 contents is the inflantaneous object of con- 
 federation. This paint mufl:, if poflible, 
 be carried by an accumulation of the moffc 
 energetic efforts, without waiting hour 
 after hour for the effecl: of any Jingle admi- 
 niftration. To promote this by every pof- 
 lible means, let the following laxative 
 glyfler be prepared, and thrown into the 
 reclum without delay : — Take 
 
 Thin Gruel, two quarts, 
 
 -Common Salt, four ounces, 
 
 Tincture of Jalap and of Senna, each one 
 
 ounce, 
 Olive Oil, a quarter of a pint ; mix and 
 
 give of a moderate warmth. 
 
 During this operation let there be going 
 on in preparation the following purgative 
 drink, which may alfo be given with a 
 horn, fo foon as the various circumftances 
 and concurring difficulties will permit: — 
 Boil 
 
 Senna 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 117 
 
 • Senna Leaves, one ounce and a half, 
 Race Ginger and Cairaway Seeds bruifed, 
 each half an ounce, with Cream of 
 Tartar, one ounce, in a pint of Water 
 for a few minutes, in which difTolve 
 Glauber Salts, fix ounces, then ftrain 
 and add Tincture of Jalap, one ounce. 
 
 To give the greater and more expe- 
 ditious effect to thefe endeavours, as well 
 as to keep the horfe /landing, four perfons 
 (two on each fide) mould be employed in 
 fevere and inceflant friction, on the back, 
 iides, flank, under the belly, and between 
 the fore legs, to keep him in fuch motion 
 as may forward the wifhed for evacuations, 
 as well as to keep him from falling to the 
 ground, or laying down, when a fcene of 
 diftrefs injiantly eniues. He may alfo be 
 trotted occafionally in hand, an attendant 
 following brifk with a whip to keep him 
 in adtiotiy a work of fome care and trouble, 
 for if not ilrictly attended to he cannot be 
 kept upon his legs. 
 
 In fome cafes a fingle evacuation, or two, 
 
 with plentiful ftaling, produces almoit in- 
 
 I 3 ffantaneous 
 
nS ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 flantaneous relief, and leaves the fubjecY 
 only, labouring under fuch degree of fore- 
 nefs and laffitude as may be fuppofed tq, 
 remit from the extremity of pain, and the 
 feverity of bruifes that are fo frequently 
 fuftained. It may therefore be readily con- 
 eluded, that as relief can only be obtained 
 by perfeverance in a repetition of either or 
 both the above, it is unnecefTary, in com- 
 pliance with cuftom, to introduce a long 
 lift of alternatives, to embarrafs the mind 
 and perplex the judgment ; as however in 
 fome places and in fome fituations, the 
 prefcriptions already introduced cannot be 
 prepared, obtained, or adminijiered but with 
 the greateft difficulty and delay, it may not 
 be inapplicable to obferve (totally diverted 
 of every idea of felf intereft) that the 
 Ball for Gripes, in the lift of medicines 
 at the conclufien, is the practice of the 
 Author, where the fecond ball, at the ex- 
 piration of one hour, has never (in more 
 than an hundred inftances) been known 
 pnce' to fail ; of which the moft flattering 
 and diftinguii]ied teftirnonies might be 
 adduced, did they ftand in the leaft need of 
 fuch recommendation to public eftimation. 
 
 Suppofing 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 119 
 
 • Suppofing however relief to have been 
 obtained by whichever mode may be 
 thought moil applicable or convenient, the 
 road to invisroration is ftill the fame ; na- 
 ture will be found to have confiderably 
 fuffered by the mock, if the attack has 
 been tinctured with feverity, warm and 
 nutritious aliment (fo foon as it can be 
 taken) will be therefore found welcome to 
 the ftomach and interlines. A comfortable 
 mam of malt, with juft bran fufficient to 
 difunite its clammy vifcidity, will moil 
 probably be taken with ayidity ; this may 
 be followed with fuch portion of thin gruel 
 and of fuch warmth as the flate or feverity 
 ^ of the cafe may have feemed to juflify. 
 
 Admitting it to have been equally long 
 and doubtful, bordering upon danger, the 
 frame debilitated and the food refufed after 
 fufficient time for reft, fome mode muft be 
 adopted to ftimulate the ftomach to action, 
 and none can be fo proper as a Cordial Ball, 
 which may be repeated in fix or eight 
 hours if the langour fhould continue un- 
 relieved. As the cafe itfelf will have held 
 forth fufficient -demonftration that the in- 
 I 4 teftin.es 
 
izo ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 teftines have been powerfully overloaded*, 
 and as fuch preternatural accumulation 
 muft moil: probably have originated in an 
 obftruction of long {landing, it is fubmitted 
 to the conuderation of every owner of a 
 valuable horfe, as well as every rational 
 fuperintendent of a flud, whether it is not 
 always the moil fafe, at any rate mod 
 prudent, fo foon as a horfe has recovered 
 his ftrength, to put him under fuch courfe 
 of gentle phyfic as may at leaft prevent the 
 fear of a repetition. 
 
 The FRET, 
 
 Is alfo an acute and painful diforder, va- 
 rying little from the former in its predomi- 
 nant fymptoms, carrying with it in every 
 trait, an equal appearance of di/trefs and 
 immediate danger ; to thofe who may ne- 
 ver have witnefled it, i^ may be confidered 
 one of the moft aweful and impreflive 
 lights in the great volume of calamity. 
 The Fret (which may with great propriety 
 be termed the Flatulent Cholic) is that 
 ipecies of inteftinal pain, occasioned by an 
 
 accumulation. 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. ifci 
 
 Accumulation and retention of wind ; this 
 {in a conftant flucluation and effort for difc 
 charge) diflends the ftomach and interlines 
 beyond their original elailicity, when com- 
 ing into dire 61 oppofition with the contrac- 
 tive power of the abdominal mufcles, pain 
 is excited in a greater or lefs degree, accord- 
 ins; to the circumference and extenlion of 
 the parts, the collection of confined air, 
 and the proportional fpafms produced by its 
 effects. 
 
 Diftreffing as a cafe of this kind is in it- 
 felf, it is an additional mortification to be 
 perfectly convinced, that nine times out of 
 ten, it is occafioned more by the inexpe- 
 rience of lads, or indifcretion of fervants, 
 than any other of the long lift of difeafes to 
 which the horfe is incident. Practice and 
 accurate obfervation fufficiently prove, that 
 almond every occurrence of the kind pro- 
 ceeds from the previous and uncertain 
 quantity of water inconfiderately given, 
 (or permitted to be taken) either when the 
 fubjecl is exceedingly hot, and the blood in 
 an increafed circulation, or after being kept 
 a long time - without food or water ; when 
 
 in 
 
122 
 
 ACUTE DISEASES, 
 
 In either cafe, it is generally known thejr 
 will fwallow large quantities with the great - 
 eft avidity. 
 
 To the major part of fuch cafes as I have 
 been profeifionally called, fufficient proof 
 has been adduced, that the diforder in its 
 utmoft feverity has occurred by the means 
 already mentioned ; and the circumftance 
 is recited, merely to have it kept in memory, 
 that fcenes of fo much trouble, diftrefs, 
 and difquietude, are known to arife evi- 
 dently more from Inattention and negleff^ 
 than the effect of chance. 
 
 The Cholic of this kind comes on verf 
 fuddenly, and in general within an hour 
 after the water has been drank ; and the 
 diftinction may be in fome degree affifted, 
 by attending to the rumbling of the impri- 
 foned air through the interlines for vent or 
 difcharge. 
 
 There is no gradual progreffion in this 
 complaint from flight to fevere fymptoms, 
 its appearance is moftly fudden and attack 
 violent ; the fubjecl becomes in great mea- 
 
 fure 
 
ACUTE DISEASES, 123 
 
 lure outrageous ; he ftamps, ftrikes his belly 
 with his feet, looks wildly on either fide 
 towards his hind parts, drops down unex- 
 pectedly, rolls, groans, and rifes as fuddenly. 
 When the pain is excruciating, vibrations 
 of the whole frame are perceptible ; to 
 thefe'a fweat or clammy moifture fucceeds 
 but not of long duration ; a fevere and 
 alarming rio-or or fhivering follows the 
 perfpiration, and if permitted to lie down, 
 will, after the moft wonderful exertions, 
 extend himfelf as if life had left him» 
 
 The leading and principal ftep to bodily 
 fafety is to keep him upon his legs by the 
 nffiilance and wifping recommended under 
 the laft head, that he may be prevented 
 from the very great danger of beating him- 
 felf to pieces when down ; a pofition which 
 fometimes once taken, it is no eafy matter 
 to extricate him from. The next confi- 
 deration mufr. be immediately regulated 
 by the eafe or difficulty of procuring the 
 articles moft applicable to the cafe in 
 queftion. If the fituation is contiguous to 
 any Agent, where the annexed medicines 
 are in circulation, let one of the Balls for 
 
 FUET 
 
124 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 Fret be given inftantaneoufly, and re- 
 peated in one hour if fymptoms are not 
 fufficiently fubdued ; they are already fo 
 high in eftimation, and infallibly efficacious, 
 that a long- lift of certificates might be ad- 
 duced, did circumftances render them at 
 all necefTary to increafe their reputation. 
 
 If however they mould not be eafily at- 
 tainable, and diftance mould render a more 
 extemporaneous remedy defirable, procure 
 from the firft mop the following common 
 articles with the utmoft expedition, and 
 prepare as follows : — Take 
 
 Race Ginger, Carraway and Coriander 
 Seeds, and Jamaica Pepper ( called 
 Allfpice), each one ounce, 
 
 Bruife in a mortar, and boil in a pint and 
 half of Strong Beer for a few minutes ;, 
 then {train and add of Brandy or Ge- 
 neva, a quarter of a pint, and give 
 with a horn of proper warmth, with- 
 out delay. 
 
 In Farm-Houfes, Villages, or remote 
 fituations this will prove no inconiiderable 
 fubilitute for the more powerful medicines 
 
 not 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 125 
 
 not then to be readily obtained ; and may 
 be repeated in an hour, or an hour and half 
 if the gloomy and diftreffing profpect is not 
 proportionally difpelled. After a repetition 
 of either of the beforementioned remedies, 
 mould it fo unexpectedly happen, that 
 alarming appearances have not fublided, or 
 that eafe has not been obtained by expuljion 
 of wind, or evacuation by ft '00 1 or urine, the 
 mind mufr. then be turned to collateral and 
 frill more efficacious aids. Persevere and 
 Conquer is the very life and fpirit of prac- 
 tice ; fuccefs frequently depends upon ener- 
 getic and unceafing exertion, under the in- 
 fluence of which happy confolation, forti- 
 tude and hope mould ever fuperfede the 
 dreary clouds of defpondency. 
 
 Encourage the attendants by liberal and 
 proper rewards to continue their f riff ion, 
 with alternate motion followed by the 
 whip as before recommended ; have in pre- 
 paration the glyster prefcribed, and let 
 the drink lafl mentioned be repeated, with 
 the addition of Liquid Laudanum, two table 
 fpoonsful. Should this combination of en- 
 deavours to relieve fail in effect, and the 
 
 attendants 
 
ik ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 attendants begin to fiacken in their pef~ 
 feverance, no fuch weaknefs murl be in- 
 dulged. Liquor, — money, — -felicitation,— ~ 
 
 PERSONAL PRESENCE, PERSONAL EXAM- 
 
 ple, and personal exertion does won- 
 ders; and fo every reader would acknow- 
 ledge, had he feen with the Author, what 
 wonders they have worked. At any rate 
 the methods prefcribed muil be perfevered 
 in without relaxation ; no deviation need 
 be adopted, a repetition only of each is to 
 be obferved, every two hours at fartheft t 
 
 till relief is obtained. 
 \ 
 
 After which the Subject mould be in- 
 dulged with reftn undifturbed by -frequent 
 and unnecefTary obtrusions, as well as oc- 
 casionally affifted by fuch invigorating food 
 and little attentions as his ftate of laffitude 
 may feem to require ; all which are fo ge- 
 nerally comprehended in the routine of 
 (table difcipline, that they fcand in need of 
 but little enumeration. Majhes of ground 
 Malt, or fcalded Bran and Oats, with the 
 addition of fix or eight ounces of Honey.—* 
 Well boiled gelatinous gruel, mixed with 
 foft water in preference to water alone are 
 
 amongft 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 127 
 
 &mongit the principal coniiderations. Good 
 Warm cloathing and great friction in draft- 
 ing are not to be forgotten, they enliven 
 the circulation, open the pores, give a pli- 
 ability to the furface, and greatly tend to 
 take off the ftifFnefs occafioned by the pre- 
 vious ftruggling and painful exertions. 
 
 As a confederation collaterally annexed 
 to either of the heads juft recited, it be- 
 comes directly in point to take a concife 
 view of 
 
 The STRANGURY; 
 Or, Suppression of Urine; 
 
 Which frequently becomes fymptoma- 
 tically attached to both, but is oftener oc- 
 cafioned by the inflammatory than the 
 flatulent cholic ; and when fb may- 
 then be conftdered totally dependent upon 
 the original, and will confequently fubmit 
 to the means by which the caufe is fubdued. 
 
 On the contrary, when it is a diforder 
 within itfeif, fuch obftruction, total fup- 
 preffipn, or difficulty of Haling may arife 
 
 from 
 
128 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 from different caufes, as bruifes upon trie 
 fpine, or flrains in the loins by carrying, 
 or drawing too great a weight, — inflam- 
 mation in the kidnies, — -tumefaction or ul- 
 cerations there, — fpafms upon any of the 
 particular parts necefTary to the fecretion 
 or evacuation of urine, — inflammation of, 
 or concretions in the neck, or ftone lodged 
 in the bladder itfelf. To afcertain the de- 
 licate dilcrimination of which, fome degree 
 of patience and judgment muft be exerted. 
 
 The predominant fymptoms of a fup- 
 preffion of urine, are too palpably finking 
 for even a young obferver to be miftaken ; 
 the fubjecl is almoft inceffantly endeavour- 
 ing to ftale, with frequent Jiraining and 
 groaning without evacuation ; a few drops 
 or dribbling is only perceptible, and that 
 feems to come away with acute pain. Af- 
 ter which he refumes his ufuai pofition, 
 but foon returns to the former attempt at 
 Haling without effect. It becomes un- 
 avoidably necefTary to reprobate the practice 
 of throwing into the frame loads of tur- 
 pentine, and fuch other violent ftimulants, 
 as foon inflame the parts, and excite in the 
 
 fubjeft 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 129 
 
 Inbjeft additional agony ; as they abfolutely 
 increafe, by their exceffive property, the 
 very caufe they are weakly or ignorantly 
 intended to remove. 
 
 The primary fuggeftion is to take off 
 ftriclure, reduce prefent, and prevent/^/z/n? 
 inflammation by reducing the momentum 
 of the blood. In fhort, bleed largely with- 
 out delay, fecond that effort by emollient 
 internals, promoting the fecretion and eva- 
 cuation of urine by very gentle ftimulants 
 and warm diuretics. A " Ball for the 
 Strangury" if it can be obtained with ex- 
 pedition, may be given either before or 
 after Bleeding, according to the difficulty 
 or delay in its being procured. If one of 
 the advertifed balls cannot be obtained in 
 the neighbourhood, adopt the following, 
 which may be procured at any medical 
 Ihop in the country.- — Take 
 
 Caftile, Briftol, or Yellow Soap, two 
 ounces, 
 
 Nitre, one ounce, 
 
 Ginger in powder and Camphire, each 
 three drachms, 
 
 Oil of Juniper, fifty drops. 
 
 K Divide 
 
130 ACUTE DISEASES, 
 
 Divide into two Balls, and giving 6m 
 immediately, let it be repeated in two 
 or three hours at far theft, if the firft 
 
 mould not prove fufficiently fuccefsfuL 
 
 « 
 
 That not the leaft time may be loft, but 
 alleviation obtained without unneceflary 
 delay, the following Glyfter mould be 
 thrown up by means of a bag and pipe pre- 
 pared for the purpofe, all which might be 
 going on at the fame time, to expedite the 
 general intent of' expeditious relief. 
 
 CLYSTER. 
 
 Take Gruel, of moderate confiftence, full 
 
 three pints, 
 Gum Arabic and Nitre, in powder, of 
 
 each one ounce, 
 Oil of Juniper, two drachms, 
 Liquid Laudanum, half an ounce, 
 Olive Oil, a quarter of a pint, 
 Incorporate thefe well together, and let 
 
 it be injected as warm as it can be, 
 
 without injury to the internal parts. 
 
 A^ 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 131 
 
 As it has been already obferved, that 
 cafes of this kind fometimes happen from 
 Honey concretions, fo they are frequently 
 qccafioned by going long journies without 
 flopping ; not only producing the temporary 
 inconvenience of fuppreffion, but a perma- 
 nent weaknefs of the parts, that renders 
 the fubjecl: at all times the more liable tci 
 repetition. That the obftru&ion, or caufe 
 of difficulty may be more effeclually re- 
 moved, and that the tone of the urinary 
 paffages may be perfectly reftored, it will 
 be advifeable to give one ounce of Gum 
 Arabic, and half ah ounce of Nitre, in the 
 water every morning for a week or ten 
 days, thereby infuring a removal of any 
 trifling remains, as well as fheathing the 
 pafTages that may have (lightly furTered by 
 the feverity of fuch fymptoms as have oc- 
 curred during the cafe. 
 
 Having; gone through fuch acute cafes as 
 alarm with the apprehenfion of immediate 
 danger, we naturally advert to thole that 
 are not fo rapid in appearance, but are ne- 
 verthelefs equally deftruclive in their termi* 
 nation ; upon which, did we find the leaft 
 K 2 well- 
 
i 3 2 ACUTE DISEASES, 
 
 well-founded reafon to entertain doubt, 3 ( 
 variety of instances might be adduced, to 
 demonftrate conviction : adhering- however 
 
 o 
 
 as clolely as poffible, to the original plan of 
 contracting each article to as conciie a fpace 
 as its nature would permit, one cafe only 
 will be found fufficieftt to vanquish the 
 moil obftinate incredulity. 
 
 CASE. 
 
 In little more than two years after the 
 appearance of" The Stable Directory," 
 my afllftance was required at the ftables- of 
 
 C. M , Efq. at Caversham- Park, in 
 
 Oxfordshire, where I found a fine and fa- 
 vourite carriage horie, laboring under 
 every feeming fymptom of a complication 
 of diforders ; an enumeration of predomi- 
 nant and diftinguifhing traits would prove 
 fuperfluous, the poffibility of nice exami- 
 nation was totally precluded, for he abfo- 
 lutely laid down with a groan ofrefignation^ 
 and breathed his laft in a very fhort time 
 after I had entered the (table. 
 
 Having. 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 133 
 
 Having for a feries of years (previous to 
 this circumftance) determined upon imme- 
 diate difieclion whenever it could apply to 
 fhe improvement of the Veterinary art, 
 I proceeded to a minute inflection of the 
 Viscera in general, and what is truly re- 
 markable, (as almoft unprecedented) found 
 nearly the whole in a flate of decay. One 
 lobe of the liver was tumefied and loaded 
 with tubercles, the other in a flate of apparent 
 putrefaction (or abiblute rottcnnefs) ; with 
 one of the Kidnies ulcerated nearly to per- 
 foration. Upon opening the ftomach a new 
 and uncommon fcene prefented itfelf, for 
 one half Was completely covered with 
 bots, as clofely adhering to the internal 
 coat of the ftomach, and to each other, as 
 a hive of bees when they fwarm ; the other 
 half was a meer vacuum, which they had 
 abandoned fo foon as the internal coat, or 
 lining of that part had been previoufly de- 
 ftroyed. 
 
 The digeftive powers, (or in other words 
 
 the elaftic property of the ftomach) having 
 
 been thus completely' deftroyed by thofe 
 
 inveterate enemies to health and condition, 
 
 K 3 very 
 
i34 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 very little introduction can be neceffary to* 
 convince the humane or intelligent, how 
 ufeful and falutary it muft be to lay down 
 fuch rules as may become infallible for the 
 total eradication of 
 
 WORMS, 
 
 Which are of different forts, as the round 
 white worm, from fix to ten and twelve 
 inches in length; in itfelf fo pellucid or 
 tranfparent, that the great number of young 
 may be feen through the ikin fo foon as, 
 voided with the excrements. 
 
 Another fort bear fome affinity to a final! 
 earth worm, but of flatter formation, of a 
 greeniiTi colour, and with fuch an infinity 
 of legs as may rank it in that refpecl nearly 
 allied to the millepedes, or wood-loufe ; as 
 the extremities of the feet, viewed through 
 a microfcope, are exceedingly fharp, and 
 capable of giving great pain when irri- 
 tating the internal coat of either ftomach 
 or intefiines. Thefe are never feen but in 
 the dung, which is at the time of their 
 
 ejection. 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 135 
 
 1 
 ejection, generally lax (as during a conrfe 
 
 of purgation) and a fure proof of their 
 power of irritation. When obferved (be- 
 ir>g too fmall to be readily perceived with- 
 out examination ) they are inceflantly 
 writhing and twirling about in the foft 
 dung with the utmoft rapidity; in action 
 not at all unlike a fmall eel, when com- 
 pullively drawn from its element and 
 placed upon Jand. 
 
 The laft and mod deftxu&ive of thefe 
 internal enemies, are the bots, between 
 the two forts of which there is fome little 
 diftinclion, but not of magnitude fufneient 
 to render it matter of prefent difquiiition ; 
 particularly as the mode of obliteration for 
 one, is precifely the fame as for the other. 
 Suffice it therefore to fay, that by whatever 
 means they may have taken poffeffion, 
 whether they may have been engendered 
 by a vifcid flimy mucus, or accumulation 
 of foulnefs in the interftices of the in- 
 teftinal canal ; or that the Animalcule or 
 origin of formation may have been im- 
 bibed with the aliment, and brouoht to 
 maturity by the heat of the body is not 
 K 4 matter 
 
i 3 6 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 matter of prefent enquiry, which intenti- 
 onally goes no farther than to afcertain to 
 a certainty fpeedy eradication. 
 
 In conformity with this idea, we pafs 
 over (only with a flight remembrance) the 
 great danger horfes are expofed to by being 
 neglected in fuch ftate, that even in the 
 infancy of the burin efs the fubject betrays 
 ligns of poverty and difquietude ; his ali- 
 ment, tho' of the belt kind, feems totally 
 thrown away, not affording even the ufual 
 external effect of nutrition. Symptoms and 
 circumitances vary in different fubjects, 
 fome difplaying proofs of an internal defect 
 much earlier than others ; fooner or later, 
 however, he begins to appear low in his 
 flefh, rough in his coat, and hard in his 
 hide, he feems dull and difquieted in the 
 ftable, inactive when out ; he fweats much 
 with very trifling exertion, and that fweat 
 of foul and unhealthy appearance. 
 
 The two kinds of worms Jirfi defcribed 
 are of but little confequence when com- 
 pared to the deftructive ravages of the loft, 
 whofe incredible increafe, and power of 
 
 exciting 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 137 
 
 exciting pain almoft exceeds belief, parti- 
 cularly with thofe not in the habit or con- 
 venience of making the necefTary obferva- 
 tjons. Exclufive of the feemingly infen- 
 fible coat of mail with which they are co- 
 vered, they are armed with two large, and 
 a fmaller prominent kind of tooth (or 
 tufks,) having wonderful power of com- 
 preffion in proportion to their fize, and fo 
 exceedingly iharp at their points, that 
 when accurately examined admiration 
 ceafes at the excruciating pains they have 
 power to excite. 
 
 Some horfes are permitted to continue 
 in fuch ftate till the rectum becomes a 
 perfect refervoir, and abfolute bunches of 
 them are feen adhering to each fold or in- 
 terface at every evacuation. This fitu- 
 ation is by no means fo replete with danger 
 as when they have taken firm hold of the 
 flomach and fubfequent paflages ; here they 
 prey upon the irritability of the frame, pro- 
 ducing fuch variety of fymptoms in dif- 
 ferent fubjects, as frequently perplex the 
 moil judicious practitioner, by holding forth 
 
 the 
 
i 3 8 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 the appearance of a palpable complication 
 of diforders. 
 
 It is to be regretted that in almofl everf 
 cafe of the kind little is attempted beyond 
 the tafk of mitigation ; honey, oil, favin, 
 box, and a variety of articles difpropor- 
 tioned in their quantities and uncertain in 
 their effe&s, are the nostrums induftri- 
 oufly tranfmitted from one generation to 
 another, without the lean: data, or eftab- 
 lifhed proof of excellence and efficacy to 
 recommend them. One only apology can 
 be introduced for the weaknefs and incon- 
 iiftency of thofe who become the dupes of 
 deception, viz. the very little expence and 
 trouble by which thofe articles are always 
 to be obtained. 
 
 As there are different claffes of people to 
 whom the neceffary courfe of purgation 
 would become not only exceedingly trou- 
 blefome, from a want of their horfes in 
 bufinefs, but alfo obviouflv dangerous from 
 the want of accommodation and care to 
 fubjects in fuch (late ; it becomes the more 
 applicable to point out the means by which 
 
 an 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 139 
 
 an obliteration is frequently obtained, fpar- 
 ticularly of the two firft defcribed,) without 
 adverting to what is confidered by fome a 
 matter of fo much expenfe and trouble. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 Take Crude Antimony, levigated to an 
 impalpable powder, and Sulphur, each 
 twelve ounces, let them be incorporated 
 well in a mortar, and divided into papers 
 of two ounces each, one of which may be 
 given in the corn every night, in flight af- 
 fections ; but every night and morning 
 where, there is reafon to believe their po£- 
 feffion has been of longer duration. 
 
 This mild mode of extirpation cannot 
 boaft of infallibility, but it very fre- 
 quently fucceeds, and is well calculated for 
 the ufe of thofe whofe horfes are deftined 
 to all fervices and in all weathers; not 
 being productive of danger, however the 
 fubjecr may be expofed to the feverity of 
 any feafon. For thofe who wifh to em- 
 brace a more expeditious, at any rate a 
 
 more 
 
T40 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 more certain mode of relief, the following 
 is offered as an article of great fuccefs and ■ 
 eflimation, by thofe who have proved its, 
 utility : — Take 
 
 Haifa dozen " Pe&oral Cordial Balls/' 
 iEthiop's Mineral, four ounces and a 
 half, beat well together with fuch 
 fmall portion of Honey as may -be re- 
 quired, and divide it into fix equal 
 parts. 
 
 One of thefe rauft be given every morn- 
 ing for three in fuccefiion, and every other 
 morning for the three remaining ; taking 
 care that the horie is not expofed to rain, 
 chilling winds, or rode into water during 
 their ufe. There is little or no doubt but 
 either of the two kinds of worms firft def- 
 er ibed may be readily diflodged, and their 
 \'^ry eggs (admitting them to be there), 
 or means of propagation totally deftroyed 
 by this fummary mode of treatment, yet it 
 is not fo with the bots ; their hold as well 
 as their havock, exceeds defcription. Of 
 this nothing can give greater proof than 
 when taken hold of in their adhefion to the 
 
 SPHINCTER 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 141 
 
 sphincter of the rectum, they will fufTer 
 
 themfelves to be pulled afunder rather than 
 
 relinquifh the part to which they are io 
 
 firmly attached. 
 j 
 
 Experience (in a variety of intentional 
 trials) has given demonftrative proofs that 
 they fubmit not to all the force and inter- 
 pofition of naufeous aloetics only ; they 
 are ^cti\ at every evacuation as much un- 
 moved from the folds of the rectum as if 
 no purgative had been adminiftered. 
 Hence arofe the palpable neceffity for the 
 introduction of mercurials, they are abfo- 
 lutely the oi\\y fpecifics from which a cer- 
 tainty of fuccefs can be derived, and fhould, 
 with every intelligent fuperintendent, and 
 rational practitioner, never be delayed. 
 
 The " Mild and Strong Mercurial 
 Purging," as well as the "Purging Balls 
 for Worms," of the medical lift at the 
 concluuon, are all equally adapted to the 
 purpofe ; either being adopted according to 
 the fize, ftrength, and condition of the 
 horfe, the firft being one fixth weaker in 
 purgative and mercurial particles than 
 
 either 
 
141 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 either of the other two; Where thofe are 
 not to be readily obtained, or the parties 
 prefer a perfonal preparation of their own 
 medicines, the following; will be found 
 Angularly efficacious ; with the precaution 
 of being exceedingly careful not only in the 
 quality^ but the weight of the different in- 
 gredients, to prevent fuch fcenes of anxiety, 
 diflrefs, and ultimate deftru&ion: as have 
 been already defcribed under the different 
 heads to which they became applicable. 
 
 MILD PURGING BALL for WORMS. 
 
 Take Barbadoes Aloes, in powder, fix 
 
 drachms, 
 Jalap, in fine powder, three drachms, 
 Cafiile Soap, two drachms, 
 Calomel and Ginger, in powder, each 
 
 one drachm, 
 Oil of Aniseed, fixty drops, and Syrup of 
 
 Buckthorn fufficient to make the ball. 
 
 For the intermediate fpace of time be- 
 tween the dofes, and the mode of manage- 
 ment during the operation, reference mufi 
 tbe made to the pages of accurate instruction 
 
 previously 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 143 
 
 £revioufly inferted under its particular head. 
 The diftincl: proportions in the ball juft pref- 
 erred, accurately afcertained for a horfe 
 of delicate habit, or that has been reduced 
 vkry low before the caufe of emaciation has 
 been difcovered or attended to. For horfes 
 of a stronger defcription the following 
 may be prepared, and as the right and fafe 
 iide is the befl to lean to, it may, perhaps, 
 be the beil policy not to increafe the pro- 
 portion of any one article in the compo- 
 sition ; much more particularly in the 
 hands of thofe but little accuftomed to the 
 management of horfes under a courfe of 
 mercurial phyfic. 
 
 STRONG PURGING BALL 
 for WORMS. 
 
 Take Barbadoes Aloes, in powder, nine 
 
 drachms, 
 Jalap, in powder, and Soap, each two 
 
 drachms, 
 Calomel and Ginger, each a drachm and 
 
 half, 
 Oil of Anifeed and Juniper, each thirty 
 
 drops, 
 Syrup, fufficient to make the mafs. 
 
i 4 4 ACUTE DISEASES. 
 
 Previous to the final difmiiTal of this 
 article it may be ufeful to obferve, that 
 where, (as in two or three recent inftances 
 with a Major General's horfes, then ar- 
 rived from the Continent), the reditm ?s 
 fo overloaded that they are conftantly feen 
 firmly adhering to the anus, at each con- 
 traction of the fphin&efif after every evacu- 
 ation, fomething more requires to be done, 
 that a total extirpation may be poiitively 
 effected, without even a chance of decep- 
 tion or difappointment. That this may be 
 rendered complete, prepare the following 
 glyfler, and let it be thrown carefully into 
 the rectum, in fix or eight hours after each 
 purging ball has been adminiflered. — Boil 
 
 Two double handsful of Roman Worm- 
 wood, cut fmall, and a fingle handful 
 of common Sea Salt, in five pints of 
 Water, (keeping the Wormwood well 
 ftirred below the furface) for a quarter 
 of an hour, 
 
 Strain off the liquid, and when fuffici- 
 ently cool add a quarter of a pint of 
 Linfeed Oil, and let the whole be 
 
 given without wafle. 
 
 This 
 
ACUTE DISEASES. 145 
 
 1 This, by its power of fcimulation, will 
 afford fome affiftance in difuniting them 
 from the interflices, or folds of the intef- 
 tines, previous to the enfuing operation of 
 the phyfic ; which coming on immediately 
 after, their expulfion becomes not only the 
 more probable, but mofl likely a matter of 
 certainty* 
 
 The LUNGS, 
 
 From a variety of caufes is the immediate 
 feat of defect, when occalioned by a fuddeil 
 change from one extreme to another ; for 
 inftance, from a warm and comfortable 
 liable, to the reverfe,— a long ex pom re to 
 a cold and chilling rain, — {landing wet and 
 dirty after a journey in the dreary months 
 of winter,-— or any of that very long lift of 
 probabilities by which the perforative 
 matter is not only locked up from tranf- 
 piration, but compulfively thrown upon the 
 circulation. 
 
 At this period is formed the firfl link of 
 
 what frequently conflitutes a long chain of 
 
 L, difquietude ; 
 
146 DISEASES 
 
 difquietude ; for the circulation being thu^ 
 overloaded by an incorporation with extra- 
 neous matter, (that it was neither calculated 
 or prepared to receive,) foon acquires afizey 
 inflammatory confidence, which becomes 
 gradationally vifcid, in proportion to the 
 length of time it is permitted to continue 
 without medical counteraction. 
 
 As it has for centuries been admitted, 
 that " delays are dangerous," fo no one 
 perfon will prefume to deny, that preven- 
 tion (if pojfible) is always preferable to 
 cure. Therefore upon the earliefl convic- 
 tion by Cough, of fuch cold having been 
 caught, bleed immediately to three pints in 
 a fmall horfe, two quarts in a larger, and 
 five pints in a powerful carriage horfe of 
 whatever defcription ; follow up this oper- 
 ation by gentle exercife in a warm and dry 
 fituation, then half an hour's fevere friction 
 (in fubftantial dreffing) to enliven the cir- 
 culation ; to this add an extraordinary 
 cloathing, that a pliability of the integu- 
 ment may be excited, to induce an inien- 
 fible perfpiration, by which only the tem- 
 porary 
 
of the LUNGS. 147 
 
 porary obftruction can be removed, and 
 the impeded circulation relieved. 
 
 , Give frequently a finall mam of half 
 malt, half bran, or in want of the former* 
 equal parts of oats and bran, fubilantially 
 fcalded, with the addition of fix or eight 
 ounces of honey, which with a Cordial 
 Ball every morning, thin fweet clean 
 made gruel for drink, in preference to 
 water, fubflantial dreffing, warm cloathing, 
 and moderate nurfing, will in a very few 
 days, (with the extra care and attention 
 expecled upon fuch occafions) difpel every 
 fymptom of Cough arifing from a Cold of 
 fhort /landing ; when the extra cloathing, 
 &c. muft be reduced with great caution, 
 depending upon the ftate of the weather,, 
 and collateral coniiderations. 
 
 " On the 1 contrary, a want of this early 
 precaution is very frequently productive of 
 repentant trouble and much proportional 
 expence ; the Cough acquires different de- 
 grees of feverity by every additional day of 
 neglect ; and when become in fome meafure 
 habitual, is very difficult to be fubdued, 
 L 2 When 
 
i 4 8 DISEASES 
 
 When fuffered (by an inattention much toa 
 frequent ) to arrive at fuch pitch, pre- 
 ceding efforts muft be rtrengthened, and 
 perfevered in without remiffion to remov/s 
 the caufe. 
 
 In fuch advanced flage, fymptoms of dif- 
 quietude will become more predominant, 
 and the Cough more oppreflive, particu- 
 larly as the ftomach is diftended with occa- 
 fional fupplies of food and water ; the finer 
 vefTels of the Lungs becoming more 
 violently obfcrucled, the more the blood 
 advances in its ftages of vifcidity, all which 
 are the more evidently increafed, the more 
 the fubject is brought into action, and the 
 more clearly perceptible the longer he is 
 continued in thofe exertions 
 
 In fuch cafe a repetition of bleeding is 
 firfl premifed, and an increafed continuance 
 in the methods before prefcribed for a few 
 days, with the addition only of 'Nitre and 
 Gum Arabic, in powder, each half an 
 ounce, to be given in the thin gruel, or 
 gruel and water, twice or thrice in every 
 twenty-four hours. Let the exercife and 
 
 friclion 
 
of the LUNGS. 149 
 
 fri&ion be regularly attended to, hay given 
 in very fmall quantities, and that the 
 fweeterr. and beir. that can be felected. 
 
 Upon a nd'n-fubmirlion to the mode of 
 treatment fo accurately defcribed, after a 
 perfeverance of ten days or a fortnight, 
 adopt the following alternative. — Take 
 
 Haifa dozen of the Pe&oral Cordial Balls, 
 Gum Ammoniacum, Myrrh, and Balfam 
 of Tolu, of each, in powder, one ounce, 
 Ginger, in powder, fix drachms, 
 Barbadoes Tar, three table fpoonsful, 
 And Honey, if neceffary to form the mafs; 
 
 Which divide into nine balls, and let one 
 be given every morning early, warning 
 down with a little gruel or foft water, the 
 iii bj eel to be kept failing for two hours after™ 
 The Nitre and Arabic to be alfo continued 
 during that period, when little doubt need 
 be entertained of a complete cure ; unlefs 
 from an almoft unprecedented neglecl, long 
 flanding, peculiar vifcidity, or old age, a rup- 
 ture of fome of the vefTels, or tubercles in 
 the lungs may have occafioned broken wind,. 
 L 3 when 
 
? 5 o DISEASES 
 
 when nothing more than alleviation from 
 palliatives can be expected, and fruitlefs 
 expence with deceptive expectation ha4 
 better be avoided. 
 
 • c 
 
 That however the wifh of every anxious 
 expectant may be gratified, it is not inap- 
 plicable to obferve, that fome profpect of at 
 leaft temporary , if not permanent relief is 
 held out by the interpofing power of Mer- 
 curial Purgatives in cafes of obstinate 
 asthmatic Coughs, as well as in fubjecls 
 that are palpably broken winded ; for as 
 the prefTure upon the lobes of the lungs is 
 reduced, by leffening the contents of the 
 flomach and inteftinal canal, fo the adhefive 
 vifcidity of the blood is in a certain degree 
 broken and difunited by the penetrative 
 power of the mercurial particles . which en- 
 tering into contact with every part of the 
 frame, holds out (by its procefs) an in- 
 ducement to trial, when all the more ex- 
 temporaneous and concife methods have 
 failed of effect. 
 
 Exclusive of what has been already in- 
 troduced under this head, it remains to be 
 
 obferved, 
 
of the LUNGS. 151 
 
 obferved, that the moft alarming cafe in 
 which the Lungs can be dangeroufly af- 
 fected is by inflammation. The predo- 
 minant fymptoms of which are only the 
 diflinguifhing traits of a cold and cough in- 
 creafed to an alarming degree of violence ; 
 not only by a certain degree of neglect and 
 inattention in the infancy of difeafe, but 
 by the horfes having been brought impro- 
 perly into action, and compelled to en- 
 counter great and fevere exertions without 
 adverting to the ftate of the blood ; which 
 being, from its fizey and vifcid confidence, 
 rendered incapable of circulating through 
 the finer vefTels, in proportion to the ve- 
 locity with which it is propelled, obftruc- 
 tions naturally arile and inflammation 
 enfues* 
 
 In refpect to fymptoms it will fuffice to 
 fay, that as the itages of danger are ap- 
 proaching, every external appearance be- 
 comes more alarming. The cough, — the 
 heaving of the flank, — the difficulty of ref- 
 piration, — the heat in the mouth, — con- 
 fequent thirft, — extreme pain and dejection 
 of fpirits, all feem to indicate a fpeedy 
 L 4 diflblution. 
 
152 DISEASES 
 
 diflblution. In this diflrenmg fcene not a 
 moment is to be loft, plentiful bleeding 
 takes the lead of every other confeder- 
 ation, and even a repetition of that injix, 
 eight, or twelve hours, if a non-fubmiflion 
 of dangerous fymptoms fhould render it 
 neceffary. 
 
 Boil immediately a decoction from a 
 double handful of each of the fragrant 
 garden herbs, Lavender, Rosemary, and 
 Cammomile, with this perfectly hot, let 
 the noflrils be well fumigated, to take off 
 the inflammatory flrifture from the part 
 affected, and excite a critical difcharge if 
 poffible. As no expectation need be formed 
 of the fubjecVs taking nutriment volunta- 
 rily in the extremity of fuch cafe, the 
 preparation of a fubftantial fubftitute mould 
 be going on in the following way ; 
 
 Take Water Gruel, a gallon, Turkey 
 Figs, diced, and Raifins of the Sun, iplit, 
 each four ounces, Honey and Cream of 
 Tartar, each half a pound, boil for twenty 
 minutes, then {train, and let half an ounce 
 of Niti'e. he given in a horn of it (as def- 
 / cribed 
 
of the LUNGS. 153 
 
 J pribed page 39) every two hours, warning 
 it down with a pint and half, or quart 
 more of the decoction* 
 
 » 
 A mafh may be alfo made of two quarts 
 
 of Bran, a double handful of Malt, and 
 
 four ounces of Honey, whenever the fub- 
 
 jec"b difplays the leaft inclination to take 
 
 food without compulfion ; a matter that 
 
 feldom happens 'till fymptoms of danger 
 
 fubnde, and may confequently be conlidered 
 
 a favorable indication. On the contrary, 
 
 mould circumftances continue without a 
 
 better profpecl of relief, exertions muft be 
 
 made in proportion, a common emollient 
 
 glyfier of Gruel, Sugar, and Olive Oil may 
 
 be thrown upjuft to relax the inteftine and 
 
 excite a difcharge without agitating the 
 
 frame. 
 
 The nutritive decoction with the Figs, 
 Honey, &c. muft be plentifully fupplied, 
 ■ but not fo often as to harrafs and debilitate 
 the frame unneceffarily ; if the mouth, 
 however, fhould be exceffively hot and 
 parched from fy mptomatic fever, a fponge 
 impregnated with the liquor may be fre- 
 quently 
 
i 5 4 DISEASES 
 
 quently fqueezed in the mouth, a part of* 
 which will be certainly fwallowed. Should 
 alarming fymptoms gradually fubfide, the 
 cafe becomes then the mere concomitant of 
 a cold, and muil be fo treated to its ter^ 
 rn mation. 
 
 The LIVER, 
 
 Is fubject to inflammation, tumefaction, 
 fchirrofity, tubercles, ulceration, preter- 
 natural enlargement, and adhefion ; to 
 which alfo may with propriety be added, 
 the jaundice or yellows. Of the major 
 part it is perhaps impoffible to fay any 
 thing with certainty refpecting the caufe ; 
 nor is it, indeed, at all material to the moil: 
 inquilitive or fcientific inveftigator, when 
 it is recollected that the laji is probably the 
 only one, where an expectation of cure 
 may be formed without difappointment. 
 
 It is remarkable and well worth atten- 
 tion, thathorfes who have fuflained injuries 
 in long chafes, of which there have been 
 numerous infiances with the King's 
 
 hounds, 
 
of the LUNGS. 155 
 
 h'ounds within the lafl few years, (parti- 
 cularly one where nine horfes loft their 
 lives on that and the following day,) have 
 been found in every part of the viscera, 
 the liver excepted. Horfes dying in, or 
 foon after the chafe, have had their livers 
 diflended to a very large iize, and propor- 
 tionally tumefied % thofe who have lingered 
 from fourteen to one and twenty days or 
 longer, have, upon opening, been found 
 with the fame part in a ftate of ulceration 
 or palpable putrefaction. From which 
 circumftance repeatedly attended to, it is 
 to be inferred, that very little hope of cure 
 or mitigation can be entertained with pro- 
 priety when ' once an inflammation has 
 taken place. 
 
 s 
 
 With the jaundice or yellows it is 
 not fo ; little fear need be entertained of a 
 fafe and fpeedy eradication. The caufe is 
 no more than an obflxucl ion in the gall 
 pipe or duct, whofe province it is to afiifl 
 in the fecretion of bile from the blood ; this 
 paffage being rendered impervious by fome 
 vifcid mucus, the fluid thus impeded in its 
 ufual progrefs, regurgitates, and becoming 
 
 extravafated 
 
156 DISEASES 
 
 extravafated, not only incorporates itfeif 
 with the blood, but by the means of cir- 
 culation difplays itfeif in every part of the 
 frame, 
 
 The fymptons are too well known to re-* 
 quire the leafh explanatory animadveriion, 
 an univerfal yellownefs pervades the eyes, 
 
 MOUTH, TONGUE, and SALIVA, deiTlOIl^ 
 
 ftrating the diforder at jirfl fight even to 
 thoie who have never feen the cafe before. 
 It has been the enftom to confider the 
 jaundice a matter of too much magnitude 
 with the veterinarian professoks in °;e- 
 neral, who have made it their practice to 
 bring medicines of too much power to their 
 aid, and in fo doing have not unfrequently 
 rendered the remedy worfe than the difeafe. 
 They are exceedingly fond of a felf created 
 phrafeology " the black jaundice," a 
 diforder they contrive to conftitute (fecun- 
 demartem) from the yellows, of which we 
 have fpoken largely and given fufficient 
 proof in the early part of the work, under 
 the head of "emetic tartar" and the 
 following pages. 
 
 Cases 
 
of the LUNGS. 157 
 
 Cases that fo feldom occur need take but 
 little time from the reader in a tedious rou- 
 tine of fcientific difquifition or medical 
 elucidation ; fuffice it to fay, mild deob- 
 
 STRUENTS with ALTERATIVE COLLATERALS 
 
 will, when taken in time, render the cere- 
 mony of Purgation totally unneceflary. 
 
 Take away a little blood by way of 
 revuliion, relax the inteftinal canal by a 
 few opening maihes, gentle walking ex'er- 
 cife, moderate friction, two ounces of 
 Cream of Tartar boiled in a quart and 
 added to the water, twice a day. Soft 
 water mould be given often and in fniall 
 quantities, hay in fimilar proportions. In 
 addition to what feem but trifles, adopt 
 the following; : — Take 
 
 o 
 
 Caftile or Yellow Soap, fix ounces, 
 Rhubarb, genuine Turmeric, and Ginger, 
 
 all in fine powder, each one ounce, 
 Salt of Tartar, one ounce and an half; 
 mix the Powders with the Salt of 
 Tartar, then add the Soap, and Honey 
 fufficient to make the mafs, and divide 
 into fix equal parts. 
 
 Of 
 
t 5 S DISEASES 
 
 Of thefe let one be given three mornings 
 in fucceffion, on the fourth, with a horn, 
 give Oil of Castor, half a pint, well 
 fhaken together with the fame quantity of 
 thin warm gruel. On the following night 
 a plentiful and comfortable Malt mam ; the 
 three fuccelTive mornings the three re- 
 maining balls ; on the fourth a repetition of 
 the Oil of Castor with the gniel, fol- 
 lowed by the Malt mafh, aflifted by every 
 extra care and attention that the cafe 
 may require. This in all flight cafes, or 
 recent attacks may be confidered infallible ; 
 but where- it has been of longer {landing, 
 or by neglect permitted to affume the afpect 
 of feverity, a little longer patience and per- 
 feverance mult be fubmitted to. 
 
 In all fchirrohties, tumefactions, enlarge- 
 ments, and ulcerations of the Liver, little, 
 very little hope can be entertained of era- 
 dication. Neceffitous adventurers may 
 prey upon the liberality of the credulous, 
 by a profufion of promifes that may dupe 
 their employers, and contribute to their own 
 wants by the deception ; but every cool 
 and deliberate enquirer will find upon re- 
 flection, 
 
of the LUNGS. 159 
 
 Bection, very little expectation can be 
 formed, particularly when adverting to the 
 feat of difeafe fo remote in Jituation and 
 
 safe from the active power of medicine. 
 
 1 
 
 Could any flattering idea of permanent 
 relief be entertained, it murt only be from. 
 the grand fpecijic (in certain cafes) Mer- 
 cury, where the particles are fuppofed to 
 enter into contact with the offending pro- 
 perty of the blood ; but here it is natural 
 to conclude, that no interpofition of this 
 powerful medicine can prove fufficiently 
 active (or penetrative) to difiblve or ex- 
 tirpate either swelling, schirrosity, or 
 tubercle, upon the part In queltion. 
 
 Admitting however not only the Impolicy 
 but the cruelty of dooming to death 
 every fubject fuppofed to labour under thefe 
 hidden infirmities, it is highly neceffary 
 fuch means mould be laid down, as arc 
 fuggefled by reason and juftified by con- 
 sistency. As Mercurial purgatives might 
 too much agitate the frame, and admit of 
 too great a fpace of time between the 
 dofes, to fupport a hope of fpeedy effect:, 
 
 the 
 
i6o . DISEASES 
 
 the poffibility of a gradual folution by Mer- 1 ' 
 cueial Alteratives, feems to hold forth 
 the more promifing alternative. 
 
 To °;ive this arrangement a fair chance 
 of fuccefs, great patience and much per- 
 feverance mufl be adopted. Half an ounce 
 of ^Ethiops Mineral may be given, in- 
 corporated with a Cordial Ball, (by means 
 of a little Honey) every morning. At 
 night in the corn, an ounce of Sulphur, 
 previoufly mixed in the mortar with Cream 
 of Tartar half an ounce, and prepared Steel 
 two drachms. Half an ounce of Nitre 
 may be alfo given in the evening water 
 only. 
 
 Mercurial Purgatives are alfo open to 
 thofe who chufe to make their feleftion, 
 being totally dependent upon the judgement 
 of the parties, who fuperintending the va- 
 rious cafes, will be moft adequate to the 
 talk of deciding upon the mode of treat- 
 ment applicable to fuch predominant 
 fymptoms as may come before them. 
 
 Previous 
 
OF 
 
 the LUNGS. 161 
 
 * Previous to the difmiffal of this article^ 
 a few hints may not prove unacceptable. 
 In all cafes of a 1 tumejied, fchirrous, enlarged 
 liver, an adhefion, or a dropsy of the 
 (5hest (commonly called a dropfy of the 
 lungs), one fymptom may always be relied 
 on ; the fubjec~t invariably Hands with -one. 
 or both legs before him, directly in the ftile 
 and manner of a cheft foundered horfe, 
 and upon being led to the top of the moil 
 trifling afeent to be rode or led down, he 
 turns with incredible pain and difficulty; 
 when completely turned and brought for- 
 ward, his fore legs are dijiended as tho' he 
 -had an enormous fubftance included in his 
 cheft, and he feems afraid, in every ftep, of 
 falling to the ground. This will receive 
 farther elucidation by an introduction of 
 the following 
 
 CASE, 
 
 In January," 1794, a valuable well-bred 
 
 horfe, that had the year preceding run in 
 
 good form, at Stockbridge, was configned 
 
 to the Receptacle, (by G. H, Eiq.) from 
 
 M th* 
 
1 62 DISEASES 
 
 the lower part of Devonshire, and was ' 
 abfolntely three weeks upon his journey. 
 The Tub) eel required no more than a mo- 
 mentary infpeciion for an unequivocal de- 
 cision-; the almoft unprecedented diftention 
 of the legs in the liable, as well as the la- 
 bour in aci ion, the roll from {ide- to fide to 
 affift "in getting; one leer before the other* 
 
 O* CD CD r 
 
 the perpetual difquietude in the liable, and 
 palpable endeavour to relieve the fore parts, 
 held forth evident proof that fome preter- 
 natural fubfiance, fome enormous weight 
 was feated in or preiTed upon the chest ; 
 but whether extravafated 'JIuid, a tumefac- 
 tion, or adhefion of the liver, it was im- 
 poffible for any man living to afcertain. 
 
 Invariable in my determination never to 
 put my friends to unneceiTary expence, and 
 experimentally convinced, that 
 
 s£ To know- the worfi is fome degree of 
 
 eafe 
 
 I firenuoufly recommended a period to his 
 painful exigence, but without effeci ; the 
 humanity of the owner was fuperior to 
 
 every 
 
of the LUNGS. 163 
 
 ' every consideration but the fafety of fo 
 oreat a favourite, and confequently deaf to 
 every reinonftrance that tended in the leaf! 
 to militate againfr. his flattering expectation, 
 of cure. To accommodate which, to gra- 
 tify his anxious fenfations, and frill more 
 to hold forth demonflrative proof of the 
 cafe, the utmoft force of long and repeated 
 fomentation was brought into ufe, with, 
 treble cloathing over the breaft. ./Ethiops 
 Mineral jfyft, and laftly Calomel, each 
 blended with the Cordial Ball, were in- 
 troduced as Mercurial Alteratives, and 
 at the. requefr. of the owner continued for 
 near three weeks, when perceiving nature 
 to be more and more oppreffed, the very 
 dejection and appearance of the emaciated 
 animal feeming to folicit dijfolution as a 
 relief " from this world of woe," Mr. H. 
 at length, the' reluctantly, Submitted to 
 the expoftulation, when it unluckily be- 
 came my province- (but not without the 
 concern and mortification that every fportf- 
 man muft. unavoidably experience when 
 fentencing fo noble an object to immediate 
 death) to confign, or rather to attend him 
 to the place of execution, where with one; 
 M 2 blow 
 
164 DISEASES, &c. 
 
 blow of the axe, and a {ingle ftroke of the 
 knife, an inftantaneous period was put to 
 his miferable exiflence. 
 
 Upon Opening the body, appearances 
 juftined the original prediction, fo far as 
 reflected the unnatural weight fuppofed to 
 have taken its feat in the chest ; the entire 
 vacuum of which was nearly filled with a 
 difcoloured water, of about seven gallons 
 in quantity, difplaying upon the furface by 
 its ebullition , a kind of effervefcence, and 
 of fuch extreme heat that the viscera 
 floating in it had the appearance of having 
 been boiled. Goins; into the origin of the 
 difeafe, would be embarking in 2.fcientijic 
 tour ill adapted to the purport of a com- 
 pendium ; it muft therefore fuffice to fay,, 
 that a dropsy in the breaft, once clearly 
 afcertained, might with ftricb propriety 
 have an experiment made to draw off the 
 water by an inurnment formed for the 
 purpofe, and with the greatefl probability 
 offuccefs; but how far it might be likely 
 to fill again from the ruptured vefTels (by 
 which the fluid became extravafated), is a 
 
 matter 
 
SHOEING, &c. 165 
 
 matter that muft entirely depend upon the 
 refult of the experiment, 
 
 SHOEING, 
 
 AND 
 
 MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 
 
 The Feet, as the very bafis of the frame 
 and inftruments of aclion, may, with the 
 ftriclefl propriety, be deemed a fubjecT? of 
 equal if not fuperior importance to any 
 that can poffibly come before us ; and it is 
 not only a circumflaiice of extreme regret, 
 but matter of admiration, that it mould 
 feem they are abfolutely lefs attended to, 
 and in general (with fome few exceptions) 
 worfe fhod, if poflible, in the Capital, than 
 in many other parts of the kingdom. 
 
 This paradoxical declaration may per- 
 haps be candidly explained, at lean: fairly 
 and impartially accounted for, by taking a 
 concife view of the practice in moft of the 
 mops appropriated to that purpofe. As it 
 has been before found neceiTary to obferve, 
 M 3 fa 
 
i66 SHOEING, and 
 
 fo it becomes directly in point to repeat, 
 that unfortunately- for the animal we treat 
 on, Smiths, Grooms, and the lower order 
 of Operative Practitioners have nevel 
 yet been (and in all probability never will 
 be) remarkable for any Jiriking effufions of 
 tenderness, arifing from a fuperflux of 
 refined fenfations. 
 
 Admitting this, and that they were pro- 
 bably defined by a fuperior Power to make 
 others feel much more than to feel them- 
 felves, we fupprefs men remarks as natu- 
 rally arife and might be introduced, to 
 make room for plain unembellifhed rea- 
 soning, why the art of Shoeing (which 
 ihould be the firft and moft diftmguimmg 
 mark of excellence) is fo Jhamefully exe- 
 cuted, fo wretchedly neglected, as to com- 
 pletely ruin the feet of a great number of 
 excellent horfes, in a very few fhoeings 
 •after their firft appearance amongft the 
 VulcanianProficients of the Metropolis? 
 
 . That this affertion may not bear the 
 accufation of conjecture, but carry with it 
 the unfullied fan&ion of veracity, let us 
 
 advert 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 167 
 
 advert only to the ftate of the feet of inch 
 horfes as we happen to obferve Handing in 
 the ftreets in our common pedeftrian ex- 
 curfions ; where, upon the moft moderate 
 calculation, we mall find at leaft one third 
 entirely thrown upon the toe, without half 
 a heel to ftand upon : — a very palpable and 
 incontrovertible reafon, why there are fo 
 ■many more horfes with broken knees to be 
 daily feen in and round the city of London, 
 than in any other part of the -Kingdom. 
 
 The caufe of this general deficiency is 
 not to be attributed fo much to the want of 
 judgement as the want of difcretion, 
 which evidently refts upon a point that has 
 moft probably never been confidered ; at 
 any rate, never mbmitted to the teft of 
 public reflection, and may perhaps receive 
 feme elucidation from the following, re- 
 cital of fafhionable facts. It is univerfally 
 known to thofe in the habits of equeftrian 
 obfervation, that the Smiths and Farriers 
 in extennve practice are too anxioufly con- 
 cerned in matters of magnitude, to attend 
 ferfotially or minutely to what (in shoeing) 
 M 4 they 
 
i68 SHOEING, and 
 
 they conceive to be a mere mechanical 
 procefs, and of little or no confequence. 
 
 The necefitous Master is generally em 
 gaged in an arduous undertaking of a dif- 
 ferent kind, amufing himfelf with a pot of 
 porter in one hand, a jug of crank in the 
 other, at the nearer! houfe of hofpitality, in 
 fervile attachment to Coachman or 
 Groom ; indulging earneft hope and full 
 confidence that they will upon all occafions 
 gratefully endeavour (as good and faithful 
 fervants) to promote his interefl in return. 
 In both cafes fo oppoiite in their diftinct 
 caufes, the effect is ftill the fame ; for the 
 journeymen in either abfolutely become 
 the principals, and acting without dictation 
 or controul, proceed as whim, — caprice, — i 
 cruelty, or ill- nature may fuggeft or in- 
 fluence ; cynically conceiving, they are by 
 the feverity of their fituations, compelled 
 to earn a livelihood " by the fweat of their 
 brow," they fee with the jaundiced eye of 
 difcontent, are feldom difpofed to be eafily 
 pleafed, and bare civility can rarely be ex- 
 pected from them, without the all-feducing 
 medium of -pecuniary interpofition. 
 
 Fraught 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 169 
 t 
 
 Fraught with the common place idea 
 that " fervitude is no inheritance," that 
 they "maybe here to day and gone to- 
 morrow," and having no reputation of 
 their own to fupport, they grow totally in- 
 feniible £0 their Master's ; in fuch flate of 
 full en indifference they take up the foot, 
 half unchncb the nails, and then tear off 
 the (hoe with a fudden and powerful 
 wrench on each fide, as tho' it was the de- 
 termined intent to feparate the hoof from 
 the coffin, or the coffin from the coronary 
 bone at a fingle exertion. 
 
 This effected, the profejfional appetite is 
 eagerly afloat for devaluation, and the but- 
 teris (fo frequently jloarpened for the pur- 
 pofe), that pallive enemy to the efforts of 
 nature becomes the proflituted inftrument 
 of incenant deftruction. Here it may be 
 neceffary to obferve (by way of rendering 
 the matter better underftood), that in ge- 
 neral practice, the gradational fliades of 
 fub ordination are contemptuonfly adhered 
 . to, even in the iTiop of a common shoeing 
 smith, to the palpable injury of the animal 
 and the public. For inftance, the taking- 
 
 off 
 
.170 SHOEING, and 
 
 off the flioe, the clearing out the foot, and 
 the act of shoeing is the office of the 
 inferior ■; while the "fireman," who -is 
 the fuperior, is only the "fitter out," and 
 having fo done relinquishes his part of the 
 bufinefs ; declining, by cuftom, the very 
 diitinct. office, where all the danger is, and 
 in avoiding which all the excellence de- 
 pends, viz. the formation of the foot, and 
 the setting on the shoe. 
 
 On the contrary, the official fubordinate 
 (whofe qualifications we have previoufly 
 analized) having taken off the Jhoe in the 
 way already defcribed,* proceeds to a difplay 
 of his manual dexterity in the art of 
 cutting ; the two firft ftrokes generally take 
 away a pretty large portion from each ex- 
 tremity of the heel, where^ nature has been 
 peculiarly kind in forming a firm and fub- 
 ftantial bans for the weight and action of 
 the frame fhe has fo beautifully formed. , 
 
 To this leading ftep of inftrnmental des- 
 truction, fucceed a profufion of nourifhes 
 equally oppofite to the great caufe of con- 
 tingency fo evidently pointed out by the 
 
 rays 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 1 71 
 
 hays of reason, and confirmed by the 
 ffreat volume of observant experience. 
 
 o 
 
 The pavement is almoft inflantaneoully 
 covered with fufficient proofs of expeditions 
 execution,- — the outer sole and frog 
 equally contribute to the mew of excellence 
 in the operator ;, — and a greater feparaiion 
 of parts is frequently made \x\five minutes , 
 -than all the efforts of nature are adequate to 
 the tafk of reftoring in as many months. 
 
 In direct proof of this afTertion let us ad- 
 vert for a moment to what follows the fafk- 
 ionable jllces of solid hoof taken from the 
 extreme points of the heel, (where it mould 
 feem thefe expert operators affect to be- 
 lieve nature has egregiouily erred in 
 placing too much,*) and trace with " the 
 mind's eye," the procefs of the operation, 
 and the progrefs of the butteris at the fame 
 time ; when we (hall inftantly recollect 
 thofe repeated parings of the outer sole, 
 that fo evidently deprive the inner of its 
 protection. The frog is equally doomed 
 to a variety of amputative flourifhes, and the 
 fharp corners of the deftructive inftrument 
 are fo often and fo dangeroufly infinuated 
 
 within. 
 
i;2 SHOEING, and 
 
 within the centrical cleft of that part, that 
 a foundation is very frequently laid for fuch 
 fevere and inyeterate thruftjes, that nothing 
 but time and a regeneration of parts cran 
 obliterate. 
 
 This part of the bufinefs called " clear- 
 ing out the foot," having been gone 
 through without controul from either 
 master or foreman, the Jetting q£ the fhoe 
 is generally concluded with a fimilar degree 
 of confiftency and collateral refpe&.to re- 
 putation. The fhoe having been previoufly 
 fitted out by thejireman, (during the oper- 
 ation of trimming, paring, and rafping by 
 his fubordinate), is deciiively thrown down 
 as dit~iatorially applicable to the purpofe, 
 and too large or too f mall is a matter of too 
 trifling a nature for rectification. In veri- 
 fication of the ancient adage, " of two evils 
 chufe the leaft," the former is certainly 
 the leafr. evil of the two, and difplays in its 
 appearance the only apology that can he 
 made for the operator, who confidently and 
 cunningly affures you, "it was left fo an 
 purpofe, to give fufficient room for the 
 
 growth of the hoof." 
 
 On 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 173 
 
 *On the contrary, mould all his efforts in 
 reducing the foot have rendered the fhoe 
 too narrow in the extent of the web, or too 
 jhort at the heel, he reconciles fuch fuper- 
 ficial inconvenience in a moment by the 
 happy confolation " of the foot's being 
 much eafier fitted to the shoe, than the 
 fhoe to the foot ;" and as his principal ob- 
 ject is the difpatch of bujinefs, the fhoe is 
 let on without the nice and neceffary at- 
 tention to the line of difcrimination be- 
 tween the outer sole and the w-all of 
 cruft of the hoof, for want of which fa 
 much mifchief enfues, and fo many ex- 
 cellent horfes are constantly feen hobbling 
 to be dreft at the different petty /hops of the 
 Metropolis. 
 
 Admitting the fhoe to have been thus 
 fet (as is without exaggeration frequently 
 the cafe) the foot then becomes fitted to 
 the shoe, by the friendly intervention of 
 the rafp and cutting knife, both which 
 render their afliftance to take away all 
 fupcrfluous projections of the hoof, beyond 
 the outer edge of the fhoe ; thereby forming 
 a foot perfectly adequate t;o the wants, and 
 
 well 
 
i 7 4 SHOEING, and 
 
 well adopted to the compreheniion of thofe 
 equestrian Jeff amies with which the roads 
 round the Metropolis are fo plentifully 
 
 impregnated. 
 
 
 
 Having, with the ftricteft adheiion to 
 truth, given fuch accurate outlines of the 
 prefent fyftem as will be readily fubfcribed 
 to by every experienced and unbiaffed ob- 
 ferver, it becomes unneceffary and would 
 appear fuperfluous, to animadvert farther 
 upon thai: part of the fubjecl, than merely 
 to introduce fuch remarks as become un- 
 avoidable to prove the folly and inconfiflency 
 of a mode of shoeing recommended, and 
 jn fome faint degree brought into ufe by an 
 alien to this country, (under a tempo- 
 rary celebrity,) who to fport a paradox of 
 veracity, died juft in time to fave his 
 reputation. 
 
 However ftrange this circuniftance may 
 appear, it is too flriclly correct for the 
 itrongeft and moil: able of his advocates to 
 controvert ; fo true it is, Gallic theory will 
 but ill accord with English practice. 
 Nor would even an oblique allufion to the 
 
 latter 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 175 
 
 latter unlucky occurrences of his life have 
 i been made upon paper, but that they be- 
 come fo immediately inftrumental (by 
 their errors) to eftablifh iuch chain of 
 principles upon the propriety , the con- 
 fiftency, in facl, the very excellence of 
 shoeing, that no theory can weaken? — no 
 sophistry contaminate} — no assertion 
 difprove, — or any dictatorial difquifkion 
 wipe away. 
 
 Setting at defiance any accufation of in- 
 tentional ambiguity, it becomes candidly 
 proper to ilate, that in the lair, few weeks 
 of the life of the profeffional gentleman al- 
 luded to, dij appointment and mortification 
 frequently fucceeded each other ; and the 
 celebrated concave fhoe doomed fuch num- 
 bers (particularly tender footed horfes) to 
 pain, difquietude, and palpable lamenefs, 
 that they were gladly consigned by many of 
 their opulent and diflinguiihed owners, 
 from the fcene of temporary celebrity, to a 
 variety of eflablifhed practitioners for 
 immediate relief, and a future infurance of 
 fafety. 
 
 It 
 
i*/6 SHOEING, and 
 
 It is a well known fact, that the prefs has 
 in the courfe of a few years onl} T , produced 
 fuch a fuccefiion of Tracls, upon the Art of 
 Shoeing, that it is very natural to con- 
 clude, if one tenth part had been atten- 
 tively read, that has been judicioujly written, 
 it ought long ere the prefent period * to 
 have reached the very summit of Perfec- 
 tion, and rendered totally unnecefTary any 
 farther inveftigation of the fubje£u The 
 truth mull: be candidly admitted, too much 
 theoretic abftrufity, — too much affected 
 fublimity, — too much technical phrafeology 
 has been introduced, (as influenced by the 
 feelings or motives of the different writers) 
 to render the matter a fubject of even Pro- 
 feffional attraction ; more particularly when 
 it is perfectly within recollection, that one 
 half of thofe who mould become the in- 
 ftruments of reform, can't, and the other 
 half won't read : — fo that little chance or 
 hope of improvement can be expected, 
 but by the exertions of thofe who being in- 
 dividually interefted in the event, conde- 
 fcend to a general and perfevering effort of 
 perfonal inculcation. 
 
 Some 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 17 j 
 
 Some of thefe Authors who # have pro- 
 bably written much and rode but little* 
 are extravagantly fond of the idea, that 
 " horfes can go without fhoeing at all ; ,? 
 and altho' they have urged its propriety 
 with the full force of their energy, it may 
 be boldly affirmed they never yet made one 
 permanent convert to the practice. Others 
 have as ridiculoufly recommended the 
 Xi half-moon moe," which covering only 
 half the foot, leaves the remainder without 
 a fupport, even where the weight of the 
 animal mofi requires it. 
 
 To cavil with the opinions or promulga- 
 tions of others, is not the objeel of the Au- 
 thor j was he fo inclined, he might extend 
 his remarks very very far beyond the limits 
 of the prefent pages ; itmuft therefore fuf- 
 fice to offer fuch remarks (affilied by the 
 annexed plate of Shoes in general ufe at 
 his own Farriery) as may concifely tend to 
 eftablim the criterion of ease and safety* 
 
 Upon the original ftate of the Foot it is 
 
 ©nly neceffary to obferve, that nature 
 
 has in general done her own work too well 
 
 N to 
 
i;3 SHOEING, an* 
 
 to require much rectification. That there 
 is fome difference in the conformation, the 
 texture, (if it may be fo termed) and the 
 excellence of the various fubjecls, cani?ot 
 be denied ; and it is equally true, that a 
 proper degree of care and necefTary cir- 
 cumfpection, will (without a profufion of 
 cutting, parings and rafping) in a very few 
 months totally repair thofe injuries, and 
 regenerate thofe devajiations that fo evi- 
 dently " denote a foregone conclufion." 
 
 Experience daily convinces us, that nei- 
 ther the internal formation or external ap- 
 pearance of every horfe's foot is the fame, 
 and confequently that fome little variation 
 muil be introduced in the management ; 
 dependent however in accuracy upon the 
 judgement and discriminating powers of 
 the operative agent, who may take the 
 diftinguifhing traits of confiflency from 
 the following remarks : 
 
 The toes mould never be permitted by 
 growth to attain in length an unnatural 
 proportion ; nor on the contrary mould 
 they (as is too much the cuflom) be fo 
 
 much 
 
Management of the feet, i 79 
 
 much reduced by the paring knife, as to 
 render the infertidn of the nails a matter of 
 clanger in the cruft, (or wall of the hoof) 
 wjiere there mould be always left iufficient 
 fpace, without even a probable chance of 
 injury to the edge of the inner ible :— a 
 matter that not only inevitably rnufr, but: 
 very frequently does happen, when by a 
 want of neceifary care and attention, the 
 hoof is wantonly or indifcreetly trimmed 
 round too near the quick* 
 
 The better to demoriitxate this fyflem, 
 for the advantage of thofe who may for 
 years have kept horfes, but never concerned 
 themfelvcs in their fafety, let us for a mo- 
 ment advert to the bottom of the foot, 
 where we mall inftantly obferve, that Na- 
 ture abfolutely feems to have interefted 
 herfelf in the proficiency of the Art, by 
 voluntarily holding forth inftructions for 
 the execution. In dired proof of this fup- 
 pofition, we find the line of articulation 
 diitinclly formed between the wall of the 
 hoof (where only the nails are to be iil- 
 ferted) and the outer fole, (which is the 
 intermediate fpace between the frog and 
 N s the 
 
i8o SHOEING, and 
 
 the feat of infertion) holding forth a pal- 
 pable injunction to the -inadvertent, " so 
 far fhall you go and no farther." 
 
 This mould be a very predominant conli- 
 deration why the hoof fhould never be »«- 
 neceffarily reduced ; becaufe every reduction 
 however trifling, either by paring, cutting) 
 •or rafping, lays open a larger field for daw* 
 ger, by gradually taking away the original 
 means of safety. So great is the variety 
 of opinions in refpecl to shoeing, and fo 
 diverfified our difpofitions (as influenced by 
 gaprice, pride, or Jingularity ) that one ge- 
 neral and established mode of fhoeing, 
 adapted to the different feet of the different 
 fubjecls we cannot, at leaft in the prefent 
 age of refined folly, expect to fee ; but if 
 there is one afTurance that can be tranfmitted 
 to the Public with greater claim to atten- 
 tion than another, it is, that from the firft 
 embarkation of the Author in the ferv ice 
 of the Public, more than two years fince, 
 (and conftantly (hoeing for more than tw§ 
 hundred fubfcribers,) not a Jingle horfe has 
 been pricked, lamed, or fuflained an injury ; 
 which circumftance is only promulgated to 
 
 juflify 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. x8i 
 
 juftify the privilege of laying before the 
 Public, fuch mode, as feems entitled, by 
 its reputation, to their approbation and 
 imitation, 
 
 I may here venture to affirm, that it is 
 not abfolutely neceiTary for any man to ac- 
 quire anatomical knowledge of the flruc- 
 ture of the Foot, before he is qualified to 
 direct in what rational way he chufes to 
 have his fhoe formed or fixed. A general 
 knowledge is for him fufflcient ; it will 
 fufflce, that he is well informed of the ge- 
 neral points, — that the Foot is not per- 
 mitted (by growth) to extend itfelf to an 
 enormous and preternatural length at the 
 toe, — that the heel is not to be narrowed 
 down on either, or both fides with the rafp^ 
 or fliced away at the extreme points with 
 the butterky — that the outer fole is not un- 
 mercifully pared away to rob the inner of 
 its PROTECTioN,^--that the weh of the shoe 
 is properly adapted to the v breadth of the 
 foot, — that the heel of the fhoe is .long 
 enough to prevent indentation, and wide 
 enough to admit the gradual growth at the 
 heels — with a ftrict injunction that each 
 N 3 point, 
 
18a SHOEING, and 
 
 point of the heel of the horfe, Hands di- 
 reclly upon the center of the heel of each 
 web of the fhoe. 
 
 This latter remark becomes the more 
 necefTary, when it is re-confidered, that 
 great tendemefs, if not palpable lameness, 
 is frequently caufed by the fhoes being 
 formed too fhort, as well as too narrow at 
 the heels ; where the extreme points of the 
 hoof not having proper and fubftantial 
 bearing, it may be obferved, that in a 
 Very few days the heels of the fhoes 
 continue to make gradual impreffion, 
 and conflitute the very indention juft de- 
 fcribed upon the edge of the fole 9 and di- 
 rectly over the line of union with the wall 
 of the hoof : producing to a certainty upon 
 repetition the firft formation of Corns, or 
 in good found footed horfes, only a tempo- 
 rary flriclure or flight lamenefs, which is 
 commonly got rid of by removing the 
 fhoe. 
 
 Corns are in general occalioned by this 
 ilovenly mode of moeing, much more than 
 by any defect in Nature, and are permitted 
 
 (by 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 183 
 
 (by a want of attention) to acquire a rigid 
 callofity, approaching oflification, before 
 the leafl attempt is made for extirpation ; 
 during which they become fo inflexibly 
 firm and fixed in their bafis, that they are 
 not eanly to be eradicated, though great 
 care and perfeverance will materially pro- 
 mote a mitigation, if not eftablifh their 
 cure. To effect either of thefe the only 
 certain mode is, to reduce the rigid pro- 
 perty of the part as much with the drawing 
 knife as is confident with fafety, and the 
 thicknefs of the sole will admit ; care- 
 fully obferving not to penetrate the part too 
 deeply, thereby conftituting a protrufion of 
 the inner sole, which would inevitably 
 render the remedy worfe than the disease. 
 
 When the hard and horny fubftance is 
 thus carefully extracted as much as the 
 nature of the furrounding parts will ad- 
 mit, let the entire deftructiun of the ori- 
 ginal formation of defect be attempted, by 
 the occasional infinuation of a few drops of 
 Oil of Vitriol, Spirit of Sea Salt, or fmgle 
 Aqua Fortis over the furface ; this will 
 effectually fupprefs a renewal of the prejlnt 
 N4 growth, 
 
i8 4 SHOEING, and 
 
 growth, and may, if neceffary, be occafi- 
 pnally repeated to prevent the future. 
 
 There is a defect in certain horfes, call'd 
 cutting, either before, behind, or both, 
 which is by the owners generally attributed 
 to an error in fhoeing ; tho' it is very fre- 
 quently the effect of natural formation, and 
 occasioned by a weaknefs in the paftern 
 joints, particularly where the fubject is 
 obferved to turn out the toes. It cannot be 
 denied but it fometimes happens yi con- 
 fequence of an indifferent mode of fhoeing, 
 particularly where the shoe is evidently too 
 *wtde in the heel, or an unnecelTary weight 
 of iron affixed to the foot ; the mode of 
 rectification in all which murl depend upon 
 the eye, the hand, and the superior judge- 
 ment of the operator, the particular 
 points being too truly conditional to admit 
 of defcription, thro' the medium of either 
 the pen or the prefs. " 
 
 It will perhaps appear lingular to hold 
 forth an idea, that may not hitherto have 
 been either much conceived or much ilip- 
 ported ; but it cannot be either unreafbn- 
 
 able 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 185 
 
 'able or unnatural to fuppofe the defect of 
 cutting has been ocafioned in many horfes 
 by conftant and feverc riding when too 
 young ; of which there are not wanting 
 inftances of corroboration, by adverting 
 to the very circumstances of their never 
 repeating it when a year or two older. 
 
 It is alfo equally confident in reflection 
 to conceive, that many a valuable iubjecT: 
 has been compulfively brought to this irate, 
 by long, repeated, and unmerciful journies ; 
 with the weary legs warping and twilling 
 under the impatient weight of a humans 
 Master, or the galling fpur of an honefi 
 fervant'y who on the following morning are 
 fo totally forgetful of their own indiicre- 
 tions, and the exhaufled ftate of nature in 
 the animal, that they become clamorous 
 expoftulants with the Smith, endeavouring 
 to fix upon him the fiigma, that they alone 
 are fo eminently entitled to. 
 
 It becomes here directly necefifary to ob- 
 ferve, that the annexed Plate of the 
 Shoes in ufe at the Receptacle, is intro- 
 duced merely to communicate the general 
 
 principle 
 
iU SHOEING, and 
 
 principle of Shoeing with fcientific neat-' 
 ness, ease, and safety ; fubjedt to fuch 
 trivial variations, as defects or contingen- 
 cies may require ; adhering only to the 
 plain and incontrovertible fyftem of con- 
 fiftency, evidently perceptible upon a view 
 of the ihoes lb accurately reprefented. 
 
 It will here be found, that the flat and 
 even furface of the " front" is rationally 
 calculated to correfpond with the Foot in a 
 {late of nature, and to come into the more 
 uninterrupted contact with the furface of 
 the earth ; on the contrary, the " back 
 view" holds forth a direct line for an 
 equal bearing of the hoof, into which only 
 the infertion of the nails can be made with 
 jfafety ; while the concave part acts as a 
 powerful protector to the outer sole of 
 the foot, where no bearing upon the iron 
 mould, or can take place without a chance 
 of immediate lamenefs. 
 
 Thefe shoes being fubmitted to public 
 infpection as criterions of excellence, they 
 become fubject only to fuch little difference 
 in formation, as the fize of the foot may 
 
 require 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 187 
 
 "require, in either enlarging or contracting 
 the whole, and narrowing or widening the 
 web of the fhoe in proportion to the weight 
 of iron the horfe is calculated to carry, as 
 well as what may be neceffary to infure 
 the prefervation of the foot. Steeling at 
 the toe is a matter of the greater! utility, 
 particularly to weak and thin footed horfes, 
 as well as to thofe who have been fo un- 
 feelingly reduced at the heels ; as they (by 
 lafting fo much longer in wear) prevent 
 fuch frequent repetition of shoeing, and 
 confequently give greater time for the de- 
 firable growth of every part of the hoof. 
 
 Upon the fubject. of " corking " (as it is 
 called), or railing the fhoes at the heels, 
 fomething requires to be introduced ; to 
 thofe in the ferious habits of rumination it 
 mufr. have afforded this obfervation, parti- 
 cularly in the ftreets of the Metropolis, that 
 altho', according to the afTertions of fome, 
 fuch corking may keep the fubject. from 
 flipping, yet where the prominencies in 
 the pavement are fo numerous, how in- 
 ceflant muft be the fhocks to the animal, 
 where the projections in the fhoes and the 
 
 ftones 
 
i88 SHOEING, an© 
 
 flones are eternally coming in contact with 
 fo much force, and how painful mufr. be 
 the fudden diftortions. Of the truth of 
 this fuggeflion there cannot be a greater 
 proof, than a fingle inftance of laft winter 
 only, in the intenfc froft, when one of the 
 fir ft job and hackney men in the Metropolis 
 had abfbliitely feventy horfes lame at the 
 fame time. 
 
 Two other flight remarks upon the ge- 
 nera/ fyfiem feem only neceffary previous 
 to an entire difmifTal of this fubjecl ; one of 
 which is, to recommend a total difufe of 
 the erroneous cuftom of forming the groove 
 (or fullering) in the web of the fhoe, nei- 
 ther wide or deep enough to receive the 
 head of the nail ; for the entire reception 
 of which, fuch cavity was originally 
 formed, though very feldom if ever , ren- 
 dered fufficiently large for the purpofe it 
 was intended. The difadvantage is this, 
 not only eternally throwing the foot (upon 
 a ilone pavement) into a variety of distorted 
 pofitions, but by the heads of the nails be- 
 ing unequally high, they are fo incefTantly 
 battered with a6tion, that the clinches are 
 
 all 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 189 
 
 all in a (late of projection in a few days* 
 and fuch marks occaiioned upon the fet- 
 lock by cuttings that fometimes they are 
 a great length of time before they are 
 obliterated. 
 
 The other is to difcountenance the pre- 
 vailing practice of furniihing the horfe 
 with a much wider web and a greater 
 quantity of iron than the foot can poffibly 
 iland in need of, as well as the forming 3 
 ihoe with fuch a palpable convexity, 
 anting from the edge of the (hoe, all round, 
 to conftitute an abfolute bulge in the 
 center. It may, perhaps, in fome few 
 cafes of ' flejhy footed horfes pofTefs its points 
 of utility, but never can be entitled to fuch 
 general practice as we daily perceive in al- 
 moft every smith's mop in the Metropolis. 
 
 By this convexity round the inner edge 
 of the web, the fupport of the frame be- 
 comes unequally partial, and even in the 
 condant weight of the horfe forms an op- 
 pofition to its original purport ; for the in- 
 variable preflure upon the centrical and 
 projecting part of the fhoeonly, mufl con- 
 
 -ftitute 
 
i 9 o SHOEING, and 
 
 ftitute in the furrounding parts an evident 
 counteraction, which being the feat of the 
 nails infertion, the fafter the horfe moves 
 and the 'harder he bears in action, the more; 
 it muft tend to force the nails from their 
 hold, and injures the hoof proportionally. 
 In fuch ftate we fee many draught horiea 
 limping through the ftreets, tho' not abfo- 
 lutely lame, yet in fo great a degree of 
 iendernefs and dif quietude, that it were "de- 
 voutly tobewifhed" fo erroneous a mode 
 could be univerfally abolifhed, where no 
 one advantage can be obtained from its 
 continuance. 
 
 One opinion mould become general re- 
 flecting the time of shoeing, a matter 
 that is too frequently protracted by the con- 
 temptible pe?iury of one clafs, or too often 
 unneceffarily anticipated by the impatient 
 career and unthinking extravagance of 
 another ; the former permits an indentation 
 of the Jhoe upon the fole, as well as a pro- 
 bable deftruction of the frog; and introduc- 
 tion of Thruflo ; while the latter by its fre- 
 quency batters and breaks the hoof, (par- 
 ticularly' 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 191 
 
 ticularly if of the brittle kind) to a percep- 
 tible degree of injury. 
 
 { A fair and even s;oin2 horfe will with 
 moderate work carry his fhoes a Month, and 
 feldom vary more than two days of that 
 time at each want of fhoeing ; one of a, 
 contrary defcription, who beats out and 
 wears the fhoes exceedingly at the toe, will 
 go but a day or two over three weeks in 
 fimilar conflant work ; with Jleeling they 
 go about one third of the time over, which 
 is more than compenfation for the trifling 
 additional expence. 
 
 Upon this fubject one more obfervation 
 only becomes at all applicable to the pur- 
 pofe, and that perhaps, if properly attended 
 to, may pofTefs an influence fuperior to the 
 whole of what has been hitherto introduced; 
 but as it has before appeared in print with 
 the fanclion of my name to recommend the 
 practice, 1 can only prefume to give it 
 as a quotation from what has been fa 
 highly honored with the ftamp of public 
 approbation. 
 
 " Having 
 
192 SHOEING, and 
 
 6i Having for twenty years previous to 
 my prefent embarkation in the fervice of 
 the public, ever confidered the eafe and 
 fafety of my horfes one of the leading com- 
 forts of my life ; I beg permiffion to re- 
 Commend for their deliberative imitation,, 
 a part of my invariable cuftom, that hap- 
 pily left me without an injury fuftained 
 from /hoeing for the number of years be- 
 forementioned. This has always been, to 
 let the manual operator (in fad the jour- 
 neyman, whom I have ever confidered 
 the main spring of the machine,) enjoy 
 fome pecuniary compenfation, in addition 
 to the profeffional emolument of the 
 mafler; not more from a confeientious 
 conviction of its being greatly merited bf 
 the trouble, care, and danger of fhoeing 
 refractory and high fpirited horfes, than 
 experimental demonstration, that gene- 
 rosity, founded upon the bajis of equity ■, 
 will inevitably infure its own reward." 
 
 The trifling attention, the humane bene* 
 faction of a cooling beverage, to allay thirft 
 in the exceflive heat of fummer, or the fa- 
 lutary interpolition of an invigorating cor- 
 dial 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 193 
 
 dial, to counteract the extreme feverity of 
 froji or /now in winter, are offices of kind- 
 nefs that in their vifible effect upon the 
 hand and the- hammer^ infure beyond a 
 doubt the fafety of the horfe and the repu- 
 tation of the owner. The philanthropic 
 influence of " doing as you would be done 
 unto " is repaid with the moil flattering 
 intereft; the fame care and attention be- 
 ftowed upon the feet in (hoeing, are ex- 
 tended in general tendernefs to the fafety 
 of the whole fiame upon all other pro- 
 feffional occasions ; if' refractory or vicious 9 
 he is foothed by kindnefs, not provoked by 
 violence ; " in fhort, whatever fatigue en- 
 flies, whatever difficulty occurs, the exe- 
 cution is cheerfully completed with a 
 grateful and retrofpeclive reference to the 
 perfevering liberality of the matter, who 
 never can (it is evident under thefe consi- 
 derations) better afcertain the fafety of his 
 horfe, than by one of thofe voluntary tax- 
 ations that poor Sterne (whofe hand and 
 heart invariably moved in unifon) in- 
 ftinctively beftowed upon the wretched and 
 the neceffitous. 
 
 Thus 
 
t 9 4 SHOEING, and 
 
 Thus far the a5r. and art of shoeing, 
 upon which fo much might be introduced, 
 did the limits of this publication permit 
 the extenfion ; that being impracticable, we? 
 proceed to make fuch remarks upon the 
 farther management of the feet, as it is 
 earneftly to be wimed may be productive of 
 proportional utility. 
 
 All thofe in the habits of obfervation, 
 know the neceffity of defcending Tin pur-» 
 chafe) to a very nice and accurate exa- 
 mination of the feet ; as well as how to 
 diftinguifh between the excellence of at 
 good found fubftantial black, and a narrow 
 heeled brittle white ; or a foft fpongy foot 
 with a palpable projection of the/*?/*?, even 
 beyond the wall or hoof that furrounds it* 
 The firft of thefe is fo evidently the fupe- 
 rior, that unlefs by fome bad management 
 it feldom or ever becomes fubject to defect. 
 Not fo with the fecond, which is, by fomc 
 means or another, generally defective ; if 
 they happen not to be the feat of tbrujhes 
 (which nearly nine times in ten is the 
 cafe; they are fo remarkable for a want of 
 natural adhefion, that the outer fole is 
 
 eternally 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. i 9 $ 
 
 eternally foaling off and leaving the lower 
 edges of the hoof without the mutual fup- 
 port expelled from each other; rendering 
 she hoof liable to fplit and break with the 
 infertion of the nails only, and is the very 
 reafon why the feet of horfes with whitq 
 hoofs bear fo much the external appearance 
 of being more battered and in worfe ilate 
 than any others that come before us. 
 
 The latter is a preternatural or un- 
 common growth and enlargement of the 
 fleihy or inner file, v/hich by its own power 
 fo prerTes upon the weaknefs of the outer, 
 as to conftitute the prominence we fpeak 
 of ; this frequently exceeds in projection 
 the furrounding furface of the hoof itfelf, 
 and requires not only a judicious eye and 
 fkilful hand in the Operation of shoeing, 
 but likewife fome {table care and attention 
 to affift in promoting and encouraging the 
 growth of the hoof (to overcome the pro- 
 jection of the part already defcribed) by 
 means that will hereafter be accurately 
 explained. 
 
 O z A great 
 
fy6 S H O £ I N G, andt 
 
 A great variety of opinions have not only 
 been p renin! gated from the prefs, but arc 
 in eternal verbal circulation, upon the pro- 
 priety or impropriety of Hopping, oiling r 
 &c. the different kinds of feet; and ib true 
 is the fcholaftic copy, 
 
 44 Every fool's wife in his own conceit,** 
 
 That we find the Groom an echo of his 
 Master, or the Master of his Groom, in 
 holding forth a long lift of irrational infal- 
 /idles, without ' the, happy power of com- 
 municating a fmgle scientific or sys-* 
 tematic remark, to ftrengthen their re- 
 commendation or juftify their mode of 
 adoption. 
 
 Well aware of the great diverfity of opi~ 
 nions upon this topic, it can anfwer no 
 fatisfacrory purpofe to embark in the te- 
 dious talk of counteraction ; but power- 
 fully convinced of the numerous advantages 
 arifing from long and attentive experience, 
 when put in even a momentary competi- 
 tion with delufive theory and deceptive 
 speculation, I can feel no hefitation in 
 
 flating 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 197 
 
 dating the general practice of rny own 
 stables ; leaving to the induftry of the 
 reader to fuggeft, or to colledi from the 
 various pages, (under different heads,) 
 fuch deviations as different circumftances 
 may render unavoidably neceffary. The 
 falutary effects of plentifully oiling and 
 nightly stopping feet of xhtjirft zndfecond 
 deicription, are too fully confirmed bv ffeady 
 perfeverance and accurate obfervation, to 
 render oppofition (from any authority 
 whatever,) worthy a moment's confider- 
 ation, or a condefcending reply. 
 
 The difference, upon examination, be- 
 tween a hoof managed in this way, (parti- 
 cularly in the hot and dry months of fum- 
 mer,) with -one in a fiat l e of nature, will 
 evidently denote the advantage of fuch care 
 and attention. Whenever they have occa- 
 fion to be fhod, the hoof and outer fole of 
 one is fure to be in a date of uniform pli- 
 ability, and of proper texture to bear fuch 
 ufe of the inftruments as may be neceffary 
 and unavoidable ; the other frequently in a 
 harfh, brittly, irregular fcaling of the Jble 9 
 f 11 inflexible rigidity of the hoof, accom- 
 O 3 parried 
 
1 9 8 SHOEING, and 
 
 panied fometimes with large and dry 
 enormous' clefts on each fide the frog, not 
 at all difftmilar in caufe or appeara?ice to 
 the cracks we fo conftantly perceive in the 
 earth during a dry fummer; when the 
 chafms in both prove the contraction of 
 each to have originated in a want of 
 moifture; an abforption of which will 
 evidently expand and diftend either one or 
 the other, . 
 
 Admitting a plentiful impregnation of 
 the whole with what is called the dropping? 
 of (or fecond ) Spermaceti Oil, to con- 
 ilitute and fupport a regular growth of the 
 hoof, fomething becomes neceflary upon 
 the fubjeel: of nightly flopping; particularly 
 "where fo great a variety of opinions ever 
 have, and probably ever will be fupported. 
 Confcious of fuch contrariety proceeding 
 perhaps from the perverfenefs of nature, 
 and the not all being equally difpofed to be 
 pleafed ; we fhall only lay down (without 
 farther explanatory matter^ as concifely as 
 poffible, fuch rules as have been found per- 
 fectly fuccefsful with the different kinds of 
 feet already defcribed. 
 
 The 
 
MANAGEMENT of the FEET. 199 
 
 The found fubftantial black firm hoof 
 firft mentioned, may be in\ ariably flopped 
 with moift cow dung ( totally unmixed 
 with any ether article ) collected from the 
 fields, and kept in a stopping-box, with a 
 wooden fpatula for that purpofe. 
 
 The white fcaling brittle hoof requires a 
 peculiar and much more troublefome and ex- 
 penfive mode of management. The flopping 
 to remedy which inconvenience mould be 
 made as follows : Take Bran, three dou- 
 ble handfuis, Mutton Suet, two pounds, 
 and fecond Olive Oil, one pint and half; 
 melt the two laft over the fire and let them 
 be well incorporated with the bran, 'till 
 eold, and the feet {topped every or every 
 other night, as the harm and brittle ftate of 
 the hoof and outer fole may require. 
 
 The lair, or foft, fpongy fieiliy foot, (from 
 its particular laxity) {lands in need of a (till 
 different treatment. Take Cow-Dung, 
 with its moifture confiderably exhaled by 
 the fun, or by being placed in a dry fpot, 
 and freih Horfe-Dung, equal parts , let 
 them be exceedingly well mixed together, 
 O 4 and 
 
*oo DEFECTS 
 
 and then fKr in as much good White Wine 
 Vinegar, or old Verjuice as will render it 
 of a proper confidence for conltant nightly 
 •ufe. Having gone through, with as rnucji 
 precifion as the limited confines of this 
 Compendium can poffibly admit, fuch 
 mode of management as with propriety ap- 
 pertains to the feet ; we come now to 
 what is of at leaft matter of equal mag- 
 nitude, and proceed to confider the various 
 -defects of 
 
 The EYES, 
 
 Upon which it has been the invariable 
 euftom, with moif. writers, to introduce fo 
 much profeffional difquifition and technical 
 phrafeology, mall now be diverted of fuch 
 ambiguous jargon; and thefubjettbe brought 
 nearer to the ftandard of general compre- 
 henfion, that it may, as it ought, be a little 
 better underiloo.d. To render this the more 
 effectual, we will pafs over as unnecefiary, 
 Anatomical Structure (equally abftrufe 
 and wonderful) and without further pre- 
 lude proceed to a plain unembellifhed de- 
 
 fcription 
 
OF THE EYES. 201 
 
 fcription of fuch defeBs as frequently occur, 
 with fuch extemporaneous means of relief, 
 as juftly ftand the higheft in eftimation ; 
 carefully adhering to the original intent of 
 rendering the elucidation equally adapted to 
 the conception of " The Gentleman, — • 
 The Farmer,- — The Groom, — and The 
 Smith." 
 
 To do this with the greater probability 
 "of fuccefs, all complex and remote allu- 
 sions mall be carefully avoided; that a iub- 
 ject of fo much confequence in conftant 
 practice, may have the advantage of every 
 improvement, and fuch improvement 
 brought into univerfal circulation, for the 
 promotion of a general good. Diseases 
 and defects of the eyes, are evidently and 
 properly reducible to a very few diftinct 
 heads, as 
 
 i. Inflammation from Cold, or ex- 
 ternal injuries. 
 
 2. A thickening of any one coat or iiu* 
 mour of the Eye. 
 
 3. A 
 
sojj DEFECTS 
 
 3. A Film, covering the entire Orb of 
 the Eye ; — and 
 
 4. A gradational Loss of Sight, by a 
 contraction of, (or comprejjion upon) the Op* 
 tic Nerves. 
 
 The firfr, if from a blow, generally dis- 
 plays itfelf by fwelling, in proportion to 
 the force with which the blow was given ; 
 and is accompanied by a difcharge of ferum, 
 attended with great heat and confiderablQ 
 pain. 
 
 Horfes it is fuppofed (but it is natural to 
 conclude erroneouily; are feverely attacked 
 in the Eyes from the effect of Cold ; but 
 were we to decide with unfullied imparti- 
 ality, we might attribute fuch appearances 
 to the interpofing power of the back of the 
 Curry-comb or Brujh, equally handy, to 
 beftow the indignant blow of 'revenge, upon 
 any little excitement of diflike or refent- 
 ment. Nor is this obiervation the refult 
 of conjecture alone, it having been too fre- 
 quently confirmed by obiervation ; to re- 
 concile which the better, to thofe who do 
 
 not 
 
of the EYES. 203 
 
 iiot enter into the minutias of human occur- 
 rences with fo much accuracy, it may not 
 be inapplicable to ftrengthen the circum- 
 stance uith a confiftent remark, — that if 
 fu'ch defetl lliould have been occafioned by 
 Cold, it is mod probable both Eyes would 
 fuffer ; when on the contrary, nine times 
 out of ten, we find one Eye only affe&ed. 
 
 Paffing over this oblique hint as a matter 
 more worthy the future investigation, of 
 frhofe gentlemen who do not condefcend 
 to fuperintend their fervdnts, than thofe 
 who do ; we come to the mode of treat- 
 ment to be adopted, which in almoft every 
 cafe without exception, will be found pro- 
 ductive of the moft expeditious relief. If 
 the injury fuftained is pofitively afcertained 
 to have originated in a blow, or from any 
 other external caufe, the leading flep to an 
 early reduction of temporary inflammation 
 is by an immediate bleeding, in proportion 
 to the fize of the horfe, and the circum- 
 ftances of the cafe. After which let the 
 eye and {unrounding parts be gently bathed 
 with a fmall piece of tow, plentifully im- 
 pregnated 
 
204 DEFECTS 
 
 pregnated with the following Lotion, for a 
 few minutes, three times a day. — Take 
 
 Goulard's Extract of Saturn, one hundred 
 and fifty drops, . 
 
 Camphorated Spirits of Wine, four tea 
 fpoonsful; mix, then add of rain or 
 pond Water, half a pint, wine meafure, 
 and fhake well together at each time 
 of ufing. 
 
 Should fuch inflammation of the eyes be 
 perceptibly the effect of " cold, and ob- 
 itructed perfpiration," bleed immediately 
 as beforementioned, and for farther in- 
 flructions, reference muft be made to the 
 early part of the work, { p. 22, ) where par- 
 ticulars will be found under that head. 
 
 A creamy cloudinefs, pervading the 
 whole orb of the eye, is exceedingly com- 
 mon with horfes deemed out of condition? 
 particularly thofe who have forne time 
 fubfifted upon indifferent aliment; by 
 which means the blood has acquired a 
 fizey vifcidity, and the circulation a lan- 
 guor that impedes the action of the fluids 
 
 and 
 
OF the EYES. ao$ 
 
 and conftitutes obftruclions in the finer 
 Veffels, where the impetus, or propulfioa 
 receives the lead fupport. To unload the 
 veffels by a moderate bleeding is the prepa- 
 ratory ftep; to ftimulate the fecretions by & 
 fhort courfe of " Diuretic Balls,'* (either 
 mild or Jlrong, according to the ftate of 
 your horfe,) every other morning, is the? 
 next consideration ; and to* promote a gen- 
 tle difcharge from the overloaded veffels of 
 the eye, that the paffages may be perfectly 
 cleared from the ob (tractions, (before they 
 acquire a fragnant rigidity,) are the direct 
 and fyftematic means by which relief is to 
 be obtained. — To expedite which, Take 
 
 White Vitriol, thirty grains, 
 Sugar of Lead, twenty grains, 
 Camphorated Spirits, half an ounce^ 
 Spring Water, half a pint. 
 
 Rub the two fir ft articles exceedingly fine 
 in a glafs mortar, add the Water by de- 
 grees, and laftly the Camphorated Spirits; 
 with a fmall ivory fyringe throw a tea 
 fpoonful into each eye (if both are affected) 
 every night and morning. 
 
 A FILM 
 
2o6 DEFECTS 
 
 A film covering: the entire orb of tie 
 eye, we frequently fee arife not only from 
 the cauie juft recited, but alfo from a flick. 
 with the iajh of a Coachman s whip (ft 
 which they are exceedingly expert in 
 palling), or the molt minute touch or 
 puncture from a pointed inflr'ument; in 
 which cafe you obferVe a white fpeck at 
 what may be called the feat of infertion, 
 that frequently increafes 'till the pupil of 
 the eye is entirely obfcured : and a variety 
 of inftances have occurred in practice, 
 where the entire film has been obliterated 
 in three weeks, or a month, by no other 
 application, internal or external, but the 
 lotion above recited. 
 
 The lofs of fight, from what is called 
 " a contraction or wafting of the Optic 
 Nerve," has defied all the accumulated 
 fagacity and united force of the faculty, 
 who, if they honeftly make off their load of 
 profeffional ambiguity, will acknowledge, 
 they never yet knew a fingle cafe of this 
 kind fubmit to any one of the innumerable 
 fe lections made from the Materia Me- 
 dica. It muft be admitted, that not more 
 
 than 
 
of the E Y E S. 207 
 
 than two years fince, a gentleman, de- 
 fervedly high in the eitimation of the 
 public, as well for his ftrenuous endea- 
 vours, as his profeffional pre-eminence, 
 had indulged a hope that Mercurials 
 would prove ajftecific, and every advantage 
 would have been derived from their infalli- 
 bility. So confcious were his friends of 
 his having difcovered this philosopher's 
 stone, that they re-echoed his fucceis in 
 every part of the Metropolis; unfortu- 
 nately for thofe interefted in fo happy a 
 diicovery, one relapfe upon another (fol- 
 lowed with total blindness) ferved only 
 to convince us, that when combating with 
 the difpeniations of a Superior Power, 
 however we may " endeavour to deferve 9 
 we cannot command fuccefs." 
 
 This peculiar kind of blindnefs is by no 
 means fudden, but may be perceived im- 
 pending long before its final termination; 
 and is, even to a (light obferver, imme- 
 diately difcernible by a contraction in the 
 brow, and a vifible indentation in the 
 centre of the eye-lid, juft above the orb. 
 This may to a certainty be deemed incurable, 
 
 m 
 
20S £> £ f E C f S, &c. 
 
 in opposition to every expenfive endeavour 
 or fcientific difquifition upon the fubjecT:» 
 There is alfo another kind of cafe, exceed- 
 ingly common, feldom enlarged i pon by 
 any preceding writer, and hitherto re- 
 maining unexplained* It is where the 
 object goes totally and almoft luddenly 
 blind; but without any film, difcolouration* 
 or diflinguifhing trait by which the defecl 
 may be obferved, unlefs by thofe who are 
 in the habit of making nice examination,, 
 As no caufe has been affigned for fuch 
 cafe, no name has been annexed to it, I 
 have, therefore, in every inflance, termed 
 it " a folution of continuity," from a con- 
 viction that it is originally a relaxation, and 
 ultimately a rupture of fome one of the 
 interior coverings of the orb ; relief in 
 which is very much beyond the utmoil ef- 
 fort of art to effect. 
 
 FOMENTATION, and its EFFECTS. 
 
 The repeated occafions we mall have to 
 recommend this procefs, renders it necefTary 
 to introduce fome few remarks upon its 
 
 UTILITY, 
 
FOMENTATION, &c. 209 
 
 Utility, a matter that has hitherto been 
 but little agitated* and lefs brought into 
 tife. Whether this may be attributed to an 
 habitual indolence, or profejjional objiinacy 
 ill Vulcanian practice, it may not be 
 ftrictly proper for me to decide ; but cer- 
 tain it is, and it will be univerfally admitted, 
 that in the general occurrences of the day, 
 in shops and Jheds of the firft eminence, fo 
 extraordinary an operation as the fimple At~$ 
 of Fomenting, is hardly ever heard of. 
 The true ftate of the cafe is this, the felec- 
 tion of the^^i-,the boiling of the decocJion 9 
 and the patient ufe of the fomentation, 
 conftitute a procefs too ceremonious, and 
 too replete with medical minutiae, for the 
 fublime genius, the intellectual brilliancy^ 
 and perfonal volatility of any practitioner 
 of the Old School ; who, relying more 
 upon the penetrative power of inflammatory 
 fpirits and cauterizing oils, than any lenient 
 modes of mitigation, can never condefcend 
 to derive advantage from the more enlight- 
 ened page of experimental mfhuction. 
 
 Notwithstanding this determined Jler Hi ty 9 
 this declaration of war againft improvement y 
 
 P ft 
 
2io FOMENTATION, 
 
 It becomes a matter of abfolute charity to 
 inculcate with all poffible force the necef- 
 fity of introducing a practice, that of all 
 others feems topromife more general utility 
 than any hitherto fanctioned in the whole 
 system of Farriery. 
 
 The ridiculous and contemptible practice 
 of "rubbing in hot oils" to every injury, 
 every lamenefs, every laceration without 
 exception, is too abfurd to admit a fmgle line 
 of animadverfion ; the cuftom is now too 
 well known, and becoming too generally 
 fcouted, to require here the reprobation to 
 which it is fo ferioufly entitled. 
 
 Blistering is likewife a favourite re- 
 medy firfi reforted to, by thofe, who eagerly 
 feizing the anchor of Hope, omit the ne- 
 ceffary talk of deliberation, and forget to 
 diftinguifh between a tendinous lamenefs and 
 a ligamentary diftortion. Thefe errors are 
 too fcandalous and too notorious to be palled 
 over without remark, and too ferious not 
 to be guarded againft by the too credulous 
 owners of horfes of value, particularly 
 when it is declared from unequivocal au- 
 thority, 
 
AND ITS EFFECTS. 211 
 
 thority, that horfes have been very fie<* 
 quently and nattily blijiered in one part, 
 .when the lameness has been decifively 
 proved in another. 
 
 Such a variety of infta'nces have oectired 
 within the lafh twelve months, that it is 
 impoflible to refift the prefent. recollection 
 and communication ; particularly of two 
 recent and lingular cafes, one of which, 
 (an Officer's horfe) had been thrice bliftered 
 in the fetlock joint behind, tho' the injury- 
 was evidently in the roundbone ; and. the 
 other had been placed upon a bar JJjoe, wet 
 clay, &c. by the moft eminent practitioners 
 of the prefent day, for a defecJ in the foot 9 
 tho' it was a palpable lameness of the 
 
 SHOULDER, 
 
 Thus feeing the ill efFecls of a too hafty 
 decifion, it mould be the nrft care, and it 
 is moft earneftly recommended to the pro- 
 feffion in general, never to hazard a too 
 eager prediction, either upon the case or its 
 CURE. To a man of fpirit it is a lingular mor- 
 tification to have faid to-day, what his own 
 error compels him to contradict to-morrow ; 
 
 Vz or 
 
2i2 FOMENTATION, 
 
 or to implicate a promife that he feels him-* 
 felf unable' to perform ,— a failing that is be- 
 come as it were an intuitive badge of the 
 profemon. c 
 
 Thefe obfervations have been brought 
 forward, as introductory matter to a few 
 remarks upon the falutary effects and great 
 advantages derived from the ufe of Fomen- 
 tations, in direcl confirmation 'of the idea 
 previoufly fuggefted, that the " declaration 
 of war" againft improvement in practice, 
 is the refult of habitual indolence ; in de- 
 clining any preparation productive of per- 
 fonal trouble, when fo many old ftanding 
 prefcriptions can be extemporaneoujly and 
 cheaply prepared from w Spirits of Twpen- 
 tine"—" Oil of Spike" and the wellknowa 
 lift of Vulcanian combujlibles* 
 
 Previous to the intended difcufllon, it 
 becomes direclly in point to recollect, that 
 fome of the boldejl dabblers in medicai* 
 difquifition, have prefumed to affert, that 
 V every advantage in Fomentation is derived 
 from its heat, and confequently one kind 
 of Fomentation, (even milk and water) 
 
 is 
 
and its EFFECTS. 213 
 
 is as good as another." To this reafoning I 
 by no means fubfcribe, as the afTertion is 
 pofitively too much replete with theory, to 
 render any prudent practitioner a convert to 
 its practice. If we admit that very 
 flrono- efTential oils can be extracted from 
 
 o 
 the herbs principally concerned in the pro- 
 
 cefs,*as Roman Wormwood,-^-Rosemary, 
 ■b— Lavender, &c. &c, we muft alfo admit, 
 that a ftrons; decoction of thofe articles muft 
 be impregnated with the property of thofe 
 very virtues that may be extracted by other 
 means ; and confequently retain a greater 
 power of penetrating through the cutane- 
 ous paflages, than can ever be expected 
 from the heat of any fimple fluids, where 
 #0 stimulus whatever can be contained, 
 
 Admitting (what we prefume will neither 
 be denied or difputed) the great power of 
 Fomentations in affifting the efforts of na- 
 ture, whether to relax and take off the ftric- 
 ture from the integuments in all inflamma- 
 tory tumours, to promote a fpeedy repuliion 
 or gradational formation of matter; to re- 
 duce enlargements in lamenefs of different 
 kinds preparatory to the ufe of powerful 
 P 3 ftimulantSj 
 
214 FOMENTATION, && 
 
 ftimulants, and various embrocations, ws 
 may look up to it with confidence, and it 
 will as certainly be found in perfeverane^ 
 the very external arcana of reformation. 
 
 To render unneceflarv a repetition of the 
 fame prefcription, inftructions are here in- 
 troduced for a preparation of the Emollient 
 Fomentation, a reference to which may be 
 made upon every future occaiion, where 
 fuch procefs may be recommended ; as this 
 leading part is precifely the fame, altho' 
 circumflances in a variety of cafes, may 
 require embrocations ( or applications ) 
 of a different property, to follow the pre- 
 paratory part of the operation. 
 
 EMOLLIENT FOMENTATION. 
 
 Take Roman Wormwood, Lavender and 
 Rofemary Leaves, Cammomile and Elder 
 Flowers, of each four ounces ; boil in 
 three gallons of water for half an hour, 
 keeping the herbs ftirred below the iurface, 
 and let the affecled parts upon all occafions 
 be fomented with fponges or flannels for a 
 
 coniiderable 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 215 
 
 confiderable length of time, as hot as it 
 can be ufed without injury to the hair. 
 
 THE 
 
 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 
 
 Contains fuch a variety of pages, and fo 
 long a lift of probable contingencies , (blend- 
 ed with pojfible deviations) that the extent 
 of this work is not adequate to the expec- 
 tation (if fuch there mould be) of prolix 
 defcription. The general mode of treat- 
 ment upon each kind of case muft be 
 therefore neceffarily contracle.d to fuch fo- 
 cus, as may reflect its rays of conditional 
 regulation ; fubject to thofe little variations 
 that unforefeen circumftances may require, 
 and reafon naturally fuggeft. 
 
 Under this head, it is intended to include 
 not only thofe that are really termed Acci- 
 dents, from their ftrictly being fo, but all 
 thofe inferior cafes. and cafual occurrences, 
 that are not of fufficient magnitude to claim 
 long and tedious difquifition, and yet are 
 P 4 productive 
 
2x6 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 productive of confiderable anxiety to thofc 
 who unluckily, (and equally unexpectedly) 
 fall under the mortification of fu.ch mental 
 $liiquietudes. 
 
 BRUISES and SWEL LI NGS ? 
 
 Proceed much more from carelefTnefs, 
 inattention, neglect, or ill ufage, than any 
 other caufe it is poffible to introduce as a 
 a plea for their frequent appearance. By 
 the three former are included the injuries 
 fuftained in too haftily and brutiJhJy turning 
 horfes in their frails'; by which means their 
 heads are often {truck againft fome one part 
 or another, and a foundation laid for the 
 future lofs of an eye. Similar effects are 
 not uncommonly produced by a fine folid 
 headed fellow (generated perhaps when the 
 Rather was drunk, and the Mother ajleep) 
 of a favourite fervant, dragging the horfe 
 againft the door po/i, in either bringing 
 him out, or taking him into the ftable ; 
 a circumftance occurring hourly in the Me- 
 tropolis, where the foporifc property of the 
 f* liquor of life" fo perceptibly abforbs the 
 
 faint 
 
chapter of accidents. 217 
 
 faint and glimmering rays of reafori, as 
 often to leave very little more than chance 
 for the fafety of the object at prefent it} 
 contemplation. 
 
 We are not now to be taught that blows 
 of rebutment as frequently happen as blows 
 by accident', and that the poor harmlefs in- 
 prFenfive animal iurTers many a kick, bruife y 
 or ii bajiing'l from the Servant, as a re- 
 ward . for. the penury ,-— caprice,— -or punclu- 
 ality of the Master, 
 
 Caiual bruifes mufl alfo happen at times, 
 from the friction of banners, the preffure of 
 carriages, the bearing of badly fitted or ill- 
 ftuffed faddles, with a variety of caufes too 
 tedious to enumerate ; the treatment, how- 
 ever, is in fqme degree the fame, unlefs ac- 
 companied by a laceration, excoriation, or 
 wound, when its treatment muft come into 
 3. future defcription: taking it, therefore, as. 
 ajimple bruife, unattended with any com- 
 plicated injury, and in its recent ftate, 
 previous to the formation of an inflam- 
 matory tumour, procure the following 
 Without delays 
 
 Tak$ 
 
jiS CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 
 
 Take 
 
 Extract of Saturn, one ounce and half, 
 Camphorated Spirits, one ounce; make 
 well together and add, of the befl 
 White Wine Vinegar, half a pint* 
 with a neceffary portion of which 
 (according to the iize and extent of 
 the injury), let the part affected be 
 gently bathed for a few minutes, three 
 times a day. 
 
 Should appearances indicate a ipeedy 
 fubmifiion, the treatment mould be per- 
 severed in; but mould it threaten, by its 
 enlargement, a tumour and confequent 
 formation of matter, no attempt need be 
 made to counteract nature, but me mud 
 be aflifted in her efforts in a way that will 
 be hereafter defcribed as we proceed. No 
 bruifes in general occalion more vexation 
 and difappointment than thofe produced by 
 the faddles juit. mentioned, fo conftantly 
 ending in warbles,— Jitfajis, and frequently 
 that moil alarming and diftreffing of all 
 thefe- cafes, a fistula. 
 
 To 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 219 
 
 To obliterate the two firft and totally 
 prevent the latter, eternal attention be- 
 comes neceffary (by way of precaution,) as 
 well as immediate affiflance when once the 
 injury has taken place. Wherever Inch 
 hurt has been occafioned by the iaddle, 
 either upon the fide or wither, it will be 
 perfectly right to foment the part with a 
 piece of flannel impregnated with hot 
 Vinegar, for a few minutes previous to the 
 life of the Saturnine Embrocation juft 
 prefcribed. 
 
 If the hardnefs of the fluffing of the 
 faddle, the edge of the pad, the corner of a 
 girth buckle, or any other caufe that con- 
 ftitutes a warble, a fecond or third repe- 
 tition inevitably renders it an abfolute 
 cauterization of the integument, ending in 
 A sitfast; this is a palpable efchar, be- 
 come infenfible in itfelf, but lb firmly ad- 
 hering to its interior, that no means of ex- 
 tirpation can be adopted, fo fafe and fo cer- 
 tain, as by tenderly raifmg the upper edge 
 with a bistory or penknife exceedingly 
 fharp, then taking hold of the edge io 
 raifed with the forceps, diffed till the fe- 
 
 paratioa 
 
no CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 
 
 paration is effected, when a few days 
 dreffing with the following, fpread upon 
 lint, and covered with flicking diachylon, 
 cither upon leather or Linen, will certainly 
 effect a cure* 
 
 PRECIPITATE DIGESTIVE 
 
 OINTMENT. 
 
 Take Yellow Bafilicon, one ounce an4 
 half, Red Precipitate, reduced to an impal- 
 pable powder in a glafs mortar, three 
 drachms ; mix upon a marble flab for ufe* 
 
 As wounds in horses conftantly throw 
 out a great portion of fungous, commonly 
 called proud flefh, which is never fubducd 
 with fo much eafe and certainty as by the 
 Precipitate Digeflive, it may be found ne- 
 cefTary in wounds of more magnitude, to. 
 give it additional frrength, in which cafq 
 one ounce of precipitate may be incorpo- 
 rated with three ounces of the basilicon, 
 and may be fo underftood by the appellation 
 of " Strong Precipitate Digestive, '* 
 
 when 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 2zt 
 
 when wc have hereafter occafion to re* 
 commend it. 
 
 FISTULA, 
 
 Originates from the fame caufe upon the 
 extreme point of the Wither, as a warble 
 Upon the fide ; — Friclion-heat 9 -*-Pain, — » 
 Inflammation 9 (with or without laceration) 
 fuppuration and ultimate wound ; which it 
 has been, and forry I am to ailert, ftlll is 9 
 in common practice, the cuflom to attack 
 with the moft powerful and inflammatory 
 repellents; till what, if properly treated in 
 its infancy ', would have proved of little or 
 no confequence, becomes a matter of the 
 moft alarming tendency and ferious di£* 
 quietude, 
 
 If obferved in its early flate, before any 
 laceration has taken place by a repetition 
 of the injury, the treatment already laid 
 down in bruises and warbles may be per- 
 fevered in, and with the greateft expecta- 
 tion of fpeedy repulfion ; but if the part 
 has been repeatedly bruifed by the fevere 
 
 prefTurc 
 
222 CHAPTER of ACCIDENT 3. 
 
 prefTure and proportional fri&ion of the 
 iaddle, fo as to threaten a formation of mat- 
 ter, however unpleafmg the tafk may be, it 
 had much better be expeditioufly encou- 
 raged, by the ufe of the " Emollient 
 Fomentation" with herbs; poultices of 
 Bread, Milk, White Lilly Root pounded to 
 a Pafle, (with a little Olive Oil in addition,) 
 daily, 'till the oozing from a partial open- 
 ing, gives- warning: for a more general dif- 
 charge ; when the aperture may be made 
 with an abfeefs lancet, or a bifiory, in fuch 
 way as will be mod likely to promote a 
 plentiful flux of matter from the part. The 
 wound may then be drefs'd with the com- 
 mon Yellow Basilicqn, fpread upon 
 lint, and covered with the poultice for 
 a day or two, 'till the contents of the 
 1 welling is perfectly liquified, and has all 
 run oft; when upon minute inflection and 
 accurate examination with a probe, fome 
 fmall Jinus, perhaps, may be difcovered, 
 that has been formed (as is frequently the 
 cafe) by the corrofive property of the 
 matter, and mull be treated in the fol- 
 lowing way : 
 
 To 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 223 
 
 To thofe in the habits of veterinarian 
 practice it is well known how very ra- 
 pidly fungous or proud fiejh difplays itfelf in 
 the wounds of horles ; to counteract and 
 fubdue this with conjtjlency is the ex* 
 cellence of the art of healing. Upon its 
 nrft appearance drefs with the "Pre- 
 cipitate Digestive;" not fubmitting in 
 two days, immediately exchange for and 
 adhere to the "Strong," mould which 
 riot fucceed in fupprefling its luxuriance, 
 flightly fear ify the furface, tranfverfely and 
 longitudinally with the edge of a lancet 
 or bistory, daily 7 and drefs as already des- 
 cribed, 'till a cure is complete by this mode 
 enly, which may be infured to a certainty y 
 even in wounds of the greateft magnitude. 
 
 Wherever there are Sinuses formed 
 which run in various directions from the 
 point of the wither, and are cavities of 
 different dimenfions in which the probe 
 may be infmuated two, three, or four 
 inches, no method is fo truly confiftent, 
 fo fafe, and invariably fuccefsful, as fy- 
 ringing the part at every drefling with a 
 long necked ivory fyringe, charged with 
 
 Tincture 
 
%U CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 
 
 Tincture of Myrrh and Friar's Balsam,- 
 equal parts, which conftantly ftimulating 
 the remote parts to a difcharge of their foul 
 Contents, is productive of a found and 
 ipeedy incarnation. Nor has a fmgle cafe of 
 Fistula occurred within the practice of the 
 Author, that has not fubmitted to, and been; 
 completely cured by this treatment alone,/ 
 without recourfe to the elaborate prepara- 
 tions, (*' to be poured into the parts affected" 
 boiling hot,") fo forcibly recommended by 
 thofe who have formerly promulgated their 
 opinions upon the fubject. 
 
 To prevent unneceffary repetition, whicfi 
 it is the peculiar purport of the prefen* 
 work to avoid, it mult fuffice to obferve^ 
 that in all swellings, — tumours,— and 
 wounds, arifing from whatever caufe^ the 
 very ground work and gradational progrefe 
 of cure is ftill fyftematically the fame. 
 The conflitutions, the blood, the juices, the 
 tendency of all habits and all fubjects, it is 
 well known are not alike ; a greater degree 
 of refiftance and inveteracy will be found 
 mfome than in others, confequently where 
 the perfevering aid of Fomentations, 
 
 Poultices^ 
 
' CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 225 
 
 Toultice, Injections, and Drqfings are re- 
 quired, they mufl be continued; and where 
 the affiftance of Evacuants or Altera- 
 tives become evidently necefiary to unload 
 the veilels or correct the property of the 
 blood, they mufl be obtained* 
 
 QJJ I T T O R 9 
 
 Is a formation of matter on fome part of 
 the circle between hair and hoof, originally 
 caufed by bruife> tread, puncture by the 
 erroneous infertion of a nail in (hoeing, or 
 fome one of thofe accidental injuries where 
 fuppuration is the inevitable confequence. 
 As the matter collects, it difplays itfelf in 
 the conflantly iiicrearmo; magnitude of the 
 Tumour, and by at length forcing its way 
 through the integuments in a variety of 
 ways, (as in one, two, or more openings) 
 proves itfelf one of the moft ferious and 
 imprefiive cafes in the . whole practice of 
 Farriery. 
 
 Reformation in thls^ feems to have made 
 
 as little progrefs, as in many other parts of 
 
 Q^ the 
 
lib CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 
 
 the profeiiion ; for the old and objlinatd 
 mode cauterization. — btirnins: " different 
 holes with a red hot iron," — insinuating 
 plugs of Corrojive Mercury, — Roman Vitriol, 
 and a long lift of equally mild and fafe de- 
 tergents, feems by much too prevalent 
 amongft the unenlightened, to hope for a 
 very fpeedy obliteration. 
 
 Different inftances of recent fuccefs might 
 be adduced to recommend and eftablifh a 
 more humane, more certain, and more ex- 
 peditious mode of cure ; but as the recital 
 of fuch cafes can only become tedious to 
 an anxious and eager enquirer for the fpee- 
 diefr. means of relief, it becomes merely ne- 
 cefTary to lay down fixed rules for the dif- 
 tincl modes of treatment when taken in 
 its infancy, as well as when it has unluckily 
 and inattentively been permitted to con- 
 tinue unobferved, to an advanced and fevere 
 
 flage Of INVETERACY. 
 
 When even the indication of fiich a defect 
 is early obferved, (as it always muft be by 
 an experienced prudent Servant, or a judi- 
 cious Master) the whole fuccefs of the 
 
 cafo 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 227 
 
 cafe depends upon the propriety or inc'011- 
 firtency of thefrji fleps that are taken. So 
 foon as a fwelling (and concurring lame- 
 nefs) in the part is perceived, the idea of 
 eounteraffion by spirituous repellents is 
 To truly incontinent, that it cannot lay claim 
 to the indulgence of a moment ; fuch mode 
 once adopted, doubly and trebly delays (in 
 its event) the progrefs of fuccefs. 
 
 The fooner'the effort of nature is en- 
 couraged, and the fwelling brought to ma- 
 turation, the more concife and fuperficial 
 is the termination of the cafe ; poultices of 
 Bread and Milk, a fmall portion of Barley 
 Meal, and plentiful impregnation of White 
 Lily Root, pounded to a parte, with about 
 half an ounce of common Turpentine dif- 
 folved in each, mould be placed upon the 
 center and furrounding parts (of a very 
 coniiderable heat) every night and morning. 
 
 . When there is a perceptible fluctuation 
 of matter, make an mciuon upon the low- 
 ed: part of the fwelling, that the matter 
 may more eaiily difcharge itfelf and run off; 
 this becomes the more abfolutely neceffary, 
 Q^2 as 
 
22 8 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 as the longer it remains in the Tumour^ 
 the greater its property of corrojlon, and 
 power of devaluation in forming finuses of 
 tranfverfe and longitudinal directions, not 
 only to the injury of the caplular ligament* 
 but the articulation of the Coffin with the 
 Coronary Bone. 
 
 However, admitting the means to have 
 been taken already recommended in the 
 earlv ftage, no fuch diftreffing fcene is to 
 be apprehended; whatever vacuum may 
 have been occafioned, rauft be daily fy- 
 ringed with Compound Tincture of Myrrh, 
 to cleanfe the wound and ftimulate the 
 veilels to throw off the load that furrounds- 
 them ; a pledget of Lint, impregnated 
 with " Precipitate Digestive Oint- 
 ment," (fee page 220) mull be infinuated 
 loofely into the mouth of each wound (if 
 there are more than one) and having then 
 a pledget of Yellow Digeftive upon the fur- 
 face, the whole muft be covered with a 
 poultice, not only to form a proper and eafy 
 bed to the part, but to foften the uncon- 
 cocled contents of the Tumour, and affift in 
 promoting the neceftary difcharge : this 
 
 being 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS, 229 
 
 being the truly fyfrematic mode of pro- 
 ceeding 'till the cure is effected. When 
 the furface is perfectly cicatrized and free 
 from pain upon preflure, it may he hardened 
 by touching night and morning with a 
 dojfd of tow, impregnated with Aloetic 
 Tincture, or Traumatic Balfam, inftructions 
 for preparing which will be found near the 
 concluiion. 
 
 Thus far is underflood to be only a con- 
 pife, eafy, and certain mode of cure, in all 
 cafes attacked and counteracted in their 
 earlieft appearance ; but where from inat-* 
 tention, penury, or pufdlanimity ', it afTumes 
 a different complexion, and burfts forth 
 with redoubled violence, it inltantly be- 
 comes a matter of the moft ferious dif- 
 quietude, and is, to thole unacquainted 
 with the confequences, proportionally 
 alarming. After forming, in its grada- 
 tional pyogrefs, a collection of matter that 
 has acquired additional power of corrolion 
 by the length of its retention, it difplays 
 its virulence in a fpontaneous but partial 
 opening in fome particular part, and is 
 Q^3 frequently 
 
% 3 o CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 frequently followed by a variety of openings 
 for the effufions of matter previoufly pent 
 up in the different pipes (or finufes) al- 
 ready defcribed. 
 
 In fuch ftage of fever h l y and danger there 
 is no alternative but to ftrike at the very 
 root of the defetl, with an unremitting de- 
 termination to effecl; a perfect and fpeedy 
 eradication ; this can only arife from a 
 iteady perfeverance and bold exertion of 
 the Manual Operator and Personal 
 Superintendent. Poultices, as before 
 defcribed, are to be continued in the way 
 already mentioned ; as each remote pipe or 
 Jznus, has acquired its different degree of 
 internal callofity, fuch callofities can only 
 be reduced by fuch corrojives and detergents 
 as become fuperior to that rigidity. 
 
 What cannot be done by external ap- 
 plicationj muft be effected by the force of 
 applicable infinuation; whatever openings 
 there may be with a hard, nfhilous, or 
 horney edge, let them be enlarged by a 
 few flight and delicate fgarincations from 
 
 the- 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 231 
 
 the lancet or the hiftory, having ready pre- 
 pared the following 
 
 INJECTION: 
 
 Take of 
 
 Prepared Verdigreafe, two ounces, 
 White Wine Vinegar, one pint, 
 Compound Tincture of Myrrh, fix ounces, 
 
 Let the Verdigreafe be previoufly reduced 
 to an impalpable powder, in a metal mortar, 
 then add the Vinegar by very fmall quan- 
 tities ;. when in the bottle, let the Tincture 
 be fhaken with the whole and kept flopped 
 for ufe. 
 
 A long necked pewter fyringe being ob- 
 tained for the purpofe, and charged with 
 the above injection, the neck mufl be in- 
 troduced diftinctly to its full depth in each 
 wound or finus ; into which it muft be dis- 
 charged with a fleady force, that its con- 
 tents may have the power of acting upon 
 fuch remote paffages, as may probably 
 0^4 (from 
 
232 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 (from the external irate of appearance) not 
 be lufpecled. 
 
 Previous to this part of the operation, 
 (which mud take place daily without a 
 fingle omiffion), the Poultice, — Pledgets, 
 — Dreffings and Bandage mould be all 
 prepared, that a chilling expofure to the 
 air may continue no longer than fo difficult 
 a procefs renders unavoidable. 
 
 Suffice it to obferve, that the applications 
 of Pledgets, Oi?itments, Poultices, &c. are 
 precifely the fame as in cafes of lefs feve- 
 rity, the neceffary incifions, fcarifications t 
 and different mje&ion being the only varia- 
 tions upon which the certainty of fuccefs 
 mufl: be founded ; and altho' aH cafes of 
 whatever kind, do not fubmit fo foon in 
 one fubjed as in another, yet no one Quit- 
 Tor has ever occurred in the practice of 
 the Author, but what has been completely 
 cured by this mode of treatment, without 
 any collateral affiftance whatever : except 
 in a very few inftances, where a courfe of 
 Mercurial Physic has been introduced 
 during; the cure, more to infure the future 
 
 good 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 2 33 
 
 good condition of the horfe, than any mat- 
 ter of prefent neceiiity. 
 
 SPAVIN S, 
 BLOOD, and BON 2, 
 
 The Situations of thefe are too well 
 known to every Equeftrian Inveftigator, to 
 require a. {ingle page of elucidation ; the 
 former proceeding from a relaxation of the 
 veffels by too great and long continued ex- 
 ertions ; the latter from fiich caufe, with or 
 without a ligamentary distortion, confequent 
 protrujion, gradational cal/ojity, and ultimate 
 ossification. The former in its eariieft 
 flate might probably be fubdued by the 
 force of reftringent fomentations, fol- 
 lowed by powerful fpirituous repellents, 
 particularly when a plentiful Bleeding had 
 taken the lead ; but a relapfe would be evi- 
 dently likely to happen when brought into 
 a repetition of ufe. 
 
 Under this consideration it would perhaps 
 be the mod: prudent, without delay and the 
 chance of difappointment, to adopt the 
 
 means 
 
2^4- CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 means that experience . points out as the 
 readied mode of obtaining probable relief 
 and permanent fafety. That is, for either 
 Blood or Bone Spavin to proceed in the 
 following way : — for three days let the part 
 affected be fubitantially fomented with the 
 " Emollient Fomentation" (Page 214) 
 hot as it can be ufed without injury to the 
 hair, for full half an hour night and morn- 
 ing ; this to be fucceeded by the moft pa- 
 tient friction in hand rubbing downwards, 
 for a considerable time, wrapping the parts 
 immediately round with a flannel roller, tq 
 infure fome chance of abforption, 
 
 On the fourth morning rub in a mo-? 
 derate portion of the Blistering Oint- 
 ment, leaving the hair over the part well 
 impregnated, by rubbing or rather drawing 
 the hands gently upwards when finifhing 
 the operation. At the end of eight and 
 forty hours, hold your Bliitering Ointment 
 before the fire 'till in a ftate of liquefaction, 
 then with a doflil of tow, re -touch the 
 whole (by dabbing, not rubbing) till the 
 feat of defect is moil plentifully fupplied ; 
 if at the end of two or three days more the 
 
 erTecl: 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 235 
 
 effect does not feem fatisfactory, this cere- 
 mony may be repeated, and for the Blood 
 Spavin fuch procefs may probably prove 
 effectual. 
 
 Not fo with the Bone Spavin, where 
 the obliteration will entirely depend 
 upon the Urate and Handing of the 
 OJJification. The treatment, however, is 
 critically the fame, with thefe few varia- 
 tions, the ufe of the Fomentations mufr. 
 be continued with a more unremitting 
 perfeverance ; the previous applications of 
 the Blijiering Ointment mufh be followed 
 up with a repetition at the expiration of 
 eight or ten days, fo fbon as the fiimidus of 
 the nrft procefs has fubfided, or when the 
 leurfy efchars. begin to fall off, to which a 
 proper portion of reft fucceeds by turning 
 -eut as a matter of s courle. 
 
 Thefe Operations not fucceeding, tho* 
 gone through with proper care and atten- 
 tion, there is then abfolutely no alter- 
 native can be adopted but the heat of the 
 li'on, paffing under the denomination of 
 
 Firing ; 
 
•E36 CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 Firing ; which diftreffing as the execution 
 is, frequently deprives the part of its pre- 
 dominant irritability^ but not without 
 leaving a perceptible peculiarity in. the gait,. 
 as well as a palpable biemifh upon the 
 part. 
 
 SPLENTS 
 
 Are protuberances upon the Shank Bone, 
 that lb inftantaneoufly ftrike the eye of 
 every juvenile difciplinarian, they require 
 hardly a fingle line by way of explanation. 
 To thofe lefs learned mjlabularian myfteries 
 and borfe dealing fecrets, it may afford fome 
 gratification to be informed, that a Splent, 
 in either young or old, originates in a blow 
 or bruife, by which fome of the finer vef- 
 fels are ruptured underneath the inte- 
 gument, from which oozes an extravafated 
 fluid, forming in its next ft age a calloJity % 
 itslaft an ossification. 
 
 Two modes of cure prefent themfelves* 
 each of which niay perhaps retain their 
 
 diftinft 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 237 
 
 $iftm<!& adherents; the one fo re-echoed 
 From: one writer to another " of hammering, 
 bruifing, burning with hot irons, cutting 
 out," &:c. &c. raid the more humane and 
 rationalpraclice of obliteration by gradual 
 folution. The following, it is to be ob- 
 ferved, are not to be abfoiutely confidered 
 the means of infallibility, as fome few 
 cafes have occurred, where the offification 
 has not only proved too large, but of too 
 great duration to admit a hooe of- extir-- 
 pation ; yet fo many complete cures have 
 occurred in recent pracrioe^ that they am- 
 ply juflify fuch reeemmenefatioii to atten- 
 tion and trial. 
 
 Let the Splent be fomented with a 
 fponge impregnated with the hot deco&ion 
 of herbs mentioned under the laft article., 
 for at leafl ten minutes daily; then the 
 part moiftened with a fmall portion of the 
 following Solvent, wetting a fmall pledget' 
 -of tow with the fame and binding it Jlackly 
 upon the part with a fmall flannel roller ; 
 remembering when the horfe goes out, or 
 to his exercife, that the application is 
 
 renewed 
 
renewed (after being dreiTed) upon his 
 return to the liable. 
 
 SOLVENT for SPLENTS. 
 
 Take Extract of Saturn and Oil of 
 Origanum, each half an ounce, Campho- 
 rated Spirits of Wine, two ounces and a 
 half, make the two lair, well together and 
 add the Extract ; letting the bottle be well 
 and conftantly fhaken at each time of ufing, 
 if which precaution is not invariably ufed, 
 the Oil of Origanum will, by dif uniting 
 itfelf from the ether articles, fwim upon 
 the furface, and by coming out alone occa- 
 fion lofs of 'hair ', which never does happen 
 when the compofition is brought properly 
 into ufe. 
 
 Altho' this, by dint of perfeverance in a 
 variety of inftances does effect the purpofe,. 
 yet at the end of a Fortnight mould fub- 
 miffion not be evident, a little addition of 
 the two firft articles may be made in equal 
 proportions ; particularly where the Oil of 
 Origanum proves to be adulterated and not 
 
 of 
 
CHAPTER of ACCIDENTS. 239 
 
 of a proper and genuine flrength, as rauft 
 fometimes be expected in retail lhops of no 
 great eminence. 
 
 To thofe whofe volatile difpofitions may 
 render patience, trouble, and perfeverance 
 matters of mental perplexity, one alter- 
 native is held forth for their confolation ; 
 and as that clafs are in general, as well ad- 
 mirers as reporters of Miracles, both paf- 
 fions may probably be rewarded by the ex- 
 periment : in rubbing in every other, or 
 every third morning, (according to the 
 cafe) a fufficiency of Bliflering Ointment 
 to moiften the furface, and excite a flimulus 
 thro' the cutaneous palTages, but by no 
 means in fuch difproportion as to occalion 
 inflammation amounting to temporary lame- 
 nefs, thereby rendering the remedy worfe 
 than the difeafe. 
 
 The STRANGLES, 
 
 Is a diforder too common to Colts and 
 Young Horses, by obitruclions anfing 
 from an increafed circulation when brought 
 
 into 
 
i 4 o CHAPTER, of ACCIDENTS. 
 
 into ufe* that hardly one in an hundred is 
 known to efcape. The firft fymptoms are 
 mfldmniaiory, and the moil , predominant 
 muft be fubdued by the only evacuant 
 that can with propriety be admitted in 
 this cafe. Altho' BleeMng in a variety 
 of cafes, where the crifis depends upon. 
 
 3. FORMATION Of MATTER, would be <?r- 
 
 roneous, yet in this, for reafons too prolix 
 for introduction here, it becomes directly 
 in point to relieve nature from the op- 
 pression under which me is found fo evi- 
 dently to labour. 
 
 The mode of treatment neceffary to pur* 
 fue upon a difcovery of the cafe, is pre-, 
 cifeiy the fame as laid down in 24 and the 
 following pages, under a defcription of 
 " Obflructed Perfpiration, and its Effects," 
 with no other difference whatever, than an 
 adherence to warm emollient poultices to 
 the glandular fwellings under the jaw, that 
 fuppuration may be promoted. When the 
 contents are fuffieiently foftened, and an 
 effort of natyre is oblervcd in a fmall open- 
 ing (which is generally the cafe) it v/ill 
 be prudent to enlarge the orifice a little, 
 
 when 
 
Lameness. 24* 
 
 when with daily dreflings of the Yellow- 
 Digestive Ointment, covered with a 
 proper poultice, the wound foon heals and 
 the diforder terminates, not ^infrequently 
 Without the leaf]: medical affiftance. 
 
 It may, however, not prove inapplicable 
 to obferve, that there are many young 
 horfes fo prone to a vifcidity of the blood 
 and confequent diftenfion of the folids, as 
 to difplay it in /welled legs, cracked hcels ? 
 &c. immediately after a recovery from this 
 diforder; in which cafe either Mercurial 
 Phyfic or a courfe of Alteratives fhould be 
 adopted. Such mode of rectifying the pro- 
 perty of the blood, mult, however, be left 
 entirely to the pecmiiary fenfations of the 
 parties interefted in the Qvent. 
 
 LAMENESS, 
 TENDINOUS and LIGAMENT ARY ? 
 
 Includes fuch a vaft variety of poflibilities 
 
 with their collateral confiderations, that to 
 
 include all, volumes might be obtruded 
 
 R upon. 
 
242 TENDINOUSandLIGAMENTARY 
 
 upon the fubjecl ; nor could thefe when 
 written, probably point out all the means 
 by which lamenefs might be occafioned, or 
 the different degrees of injury which might 
 be fultained. Suffice it to obferve, that it 
 has hitherto been almoft invariably the 
 cuftom with the professors of Farriery, 
 to treat all lameneiTes in one and the fame 
 way ; without adverting for a moment, to 
 the difference between a tendinous relax- 
 ation on one hand, or a ligamentary dif- 
 tortion on the other. 
 
 Previous to every other confideration, it 
 becomes direclly in point to communicate 
 fuch information refpecling a true difcovery 
 of the feat of defeff, as may prove itfelf of 
 fome utility. It is well known, that by a 
 too ram and hafty deciuon, errors of the 
 firfr. magnitude have arifen, and applica- 
 tions have been made for months to one 
 part, when the lamenefs has ultimately 
 proved to have been palpably in another. 
 To prevent miftakes arifing from iiich 
 grofs inattention, it is much to be wifhecl 
 that one particular mode of mveftigation. 
 ^night be generally inculcated, where the 
 
 refult 
 
LAMENESS. 243 
 
 refult is to centre in the promotion of a 
 general good, 
 
 To the diftinct and accurate ohferver 
 there is only one way of fixing (to a cer- 
 tainty) upon the feat of defect, without a 
 great chance of being deceived ; at leafl in 
 fuch lamenefTes or injuries where there is 
 no external enlargement, no diftinguiihing 
 trait, by which the judgement is to be i?n- 
 medlately informed. This is to lee the 
 fubjedt go all the paces (if he is able) of 
 walk, — -trot)—*- and gallop, with the ftrictefr. 
 attention ; during which, let the eye al- 
 ways drop to the hoof of each leg, and 
 come obfervantly up every joint in fuc- 
 cefiion, when you will, nine times out of 
 ten, inftantly perceive the part that fails : 
 one point gained, that may then receive 
 corroborating: affiftance from manual ex- 
 amination. This neceiTary inftru&ion at- 
 taching itlelf only to fuch cafes as do not 
 directly difplay themfelves to flight ob- 
 fervation, but require a more deliberate 
 inveftigation. 
 
 R 3 Gonfidering,. 
 
244TENDINOUSand'LIGAMENTARY' 
 
 Confidering, however, fuch lameneffes 
 as do not come under the denominations 
 previoufly treated on, as either the effect 
 
 of RELAXED TENDONS, or LIGAMENTARY 
 
 distortions, arifing from fudden jerks, 
 « — twifts, — or concujjtons of the different 
 joints; an adherence to the original plan 
 of contracting each fubject to its limited 
 proportion of " a Compendium," renders it 
 ■unavoidably neceflary to reject the pr effing 
 temptation of farther difquifition, for the 
 concife introduction of fuch inflructions as 
 experience amply juftifles for the feparate 
 treatment of the two diftinct kinds of 
 lamenefs upon which we are now engaged. 
 
 To prevent the poffibility of mifcon- 
 ception, let it be well underftood, that ten- 
 dinous lamenefs is meant in all cafes where 
 the mufcular fyftem is alone concerned ; 
 and ligamentary, where the caufe is more 
 remote and confined to the joints. In the 
 former there is generally a fwelling attends, 
 occafioned by the temporary inflammation, 
 and that inflammation in proportion to the 
 feverity of the injury fuftajned. Much 
 
 mifchief 
 
LAMENESS. 24$ 
 
 mifchief is frequently done by bllftering in 
 this ftate. 
 
 The firft flep to expeditious relief, is to 
 bleed, by way of unloading the veffels and to 
 am" ft in taking off the painful ftricture upon 
 the part. — Foment with fponges dipt in 
 White Wine Vinegar, as hot as it can be 
 ufed without fcalding, for twenty minutes 
 night and morning, following up that 
 operation with ten minutes bathing of the 
 Saturnine Embrocation, and let the part be 
 covered with a flannel roller of fufficient 
 length and breadth for the part ; the fubject 
 having the advantage of a loofe ft able (if it 
 •can be obtained) in preference to zftall. 
 
 STRENGTHENING SATURNINE 
 EMBROCATION. 
 
 Take Extract of Saturn and Camphorated 
 Spirits of Wine, each half a pint ; mix 
 and ufe as above directed. 
 
 In moft flight injuries, particularly when 
 
 early obferved and immediately adopted, 
 
 R 3 this 
 
246 TENDINOUSandLIGAMENTARY 
 
 this mode of treatment is feldom known to 
 fail, and a mitigation or cure is obtained in 
 a fortnight or three weeks, with additional 
 reft ; on the contrary, where by neglect, 
 inattention, or inhumanity , one injury has 
 been heaped upon another, Blistering 
 and turning out are the only means upon 
 which reliance can be made for permanent 
 extrication. The painful operation of Cau- 
 terization (or Firing) is the fafhionable 
 practice with feme, and like the infernal 
 fyftem of Cropping, (or in fact any other 
 act of cruelty) has its different votaries ; 
 but with no imall mare of perfonal gratifi- 
 cation let it be promulgated, that thole 
 dreadful inftruments the Firing Irons, in 
 the Operative Farriery of the Recep- 
 tacle, feem to be excluded from any fhare 
 of the practice: upon experimentaL convic- 
 tion, they effect no purpofe but what may 
 be obtained by a repetition Blijler, if pro- 
 perly applied when the ftimulus of the for- 
 mer has but juft fubfided. 
 
 Upon the fubject of Ligamentary 
 Lameness a variety of inftances might be 
 adduced to demonftrate tjie Jafety, cer- 
 tainty, 
 
LAMENESS. 247 
 
 tainty, and utility of the following prac- 
 tice ; one recent cafe will however fuffice, 
 as a fpecimen for the unequivocal authen- 
 ticity of the whole, where the treatment 
 was fyftematically the fame, and as uni^ 
 formly fuccefsful. 
 
 In an early month of the prefent year, a 
 Carriage Horfe of the fet belonging to Sir 
 H. G. C. Bart, was brought to the Recep- 
 tacle, abfolutely dragging one of his hind 
 legs after him ; holding forth, at firft fight ■, 
 the fear of an incurable injury. Accurate 
 examination loon proved the Lameness to 
 be feated in the articulation of the round 
 bone ; which being not only in fome degree 
 deep feated, but covered and furrounded 
 with the foft parts, it was natural to con- 
 clude, nothing but great heat, penetrative 
 power, and unremitting perfeverance, 
 could excite fufficient ftimulus to afford 
 even a diftant hope of permanent advantage. 
 
 To effect this, the feat of injury and fur- 
 rounding parts were fomented (fee page 2 1 4) 
 with the mofh unprecedented patience for 
 more than half an hour every morning, 
 R 4 then 
 
2 4 8 TENDINOUSandLTGAMENTARY 
 
 then as hajiily wifped till dry ; when the 
 whole was plentifully bathed for fome time 
 with the following Liniment, frequently 
 ihaken for an equal incorporation of the 
 articles, and gently rubbed in to infure pe- 
 netration. During the time of cure, both 
 Sir H. and his Coachman were alternately 
 witneffes to the progrefs, and at the expira- 
 tion of three weeks the horfe was returned, 
 took his rotational work in the carriage, 
 and has continued ever fince perfectly 
 found, and without the lean: indication of 
 tendernefs or relapfe. 
 
 STIMULATIVE LINIMENT. 
 
 Take 
 
 Camphire, one ounce and a half, 
 Rectified Spirits of Wine, one pint; make 
 together, ? till the Camphire is dif- 
 folved, then add ./Etherial Spirits of 
 Turpentine, half a pint, and laftly of 
 Barbadoes Tar, three ounces ; let all 
 which be iliaken well together, and 
 kept clofe flopped for ufe in the way 
 already defcribed. 
 
 In 
 
LAMENESS. 249 
 
 In the ufe of this compofition, it mufl be 
 remembered to have the bottle well fhaken 
 at each time of pouring a fupply into the 
 hand ; for almoft immediately after the 
 previous making has fubfided, the Turpen* 
 tine dimnitins: itielf from the other articles, 
 inftantaneoufly floats upon the furface, and 
 if inadvertently applied in that way, may 
 unneceflarily inflame the part, and occafion 
 a lofs of hair : a circumfbance that never 
 occurs when the application is properly 
 performed. 
 
 Of all cafes occurring; under this head, 
 none can be fo truly difcouraging as thofe 
 pairing under the denomination of " Shoul- 
 der Cases ;" for whether they originate 
 in an injury fuftained by a relaxation o£ 
 the Scapularian Muscles, or a Hvamen- 
 tary dijlortion at either junction of the 
 moulder bone, (viz. with the blade above 
 or leg below) it is much to be regretted fo 
 little profpect of relief is held forth by the 
 utmoft. exertion of Medical Interpoiition : 
 and when it is confidered how little can be 
 effected by Art, and how much may be pro- 
 duced 
 
ISO LAMENESS. 
 
 duced by Rest, fo forcibly amited by the 
 efforts of Nature, it becomes a matter of 
 ierious deliberation with parties interefled 
 in the event, how far it may be prudent to. 
 fet ProfeJJional affiftance and fupernuous 
 expence at defiance. 
 
 Before we clofe this fubjecl:, let a few 
 words of expofhilation and advice be be- 
 llowed upon the cruel, the unthinking, and 
 the unwary. It is a fact not to be contro- 
 verted by the impudence of one clafs, or the 
 ignorance of another, that more horfes are 
 lamed by indifcretion in one month , than by 
 Accidents with good usage in a whole year,. 
 The affertion requires no qualification, no 
 melioration to reconcile it to the caprice of 
 intercfied individuals, who confidently feel- 
 ing only for themfelves, o wnno wrong ; 
 but to the HUiYTANE Master, the diurnal 
 ©bferver of reflection, and the common 
 Pafienger in and round the Metropolis, let 
 the cruelties eternally practiced upon this 
 unoffending animal, be placed in rotational 
 rumination, and mental impartiality will 
 foon acknowledge to what cauies are to, 
 
 be 
 
TRIFLES. n S i 
 
 be attributed that great accumulation of 
 injuries fo conftantly fuftained. 
 
 CURBS 
 
 Come fo immediately' under a fimilitude 
 to, and the treatment of Bone Spavins, 
 that not a (ingle line is required in eluci- 
 dation. Fomentation — Repetition 
 Blister, — and upon non-fubmiflion flight 
 cauterization with the Firing Irons, is all 
 that can be introduced upon the occafiom 
 
 L A M P A S, 
 
 Are nothing more than a preternatural 
 growth of the roof or upper arch of the 
 horfe's mouth, which becoming too luxu- 
 riant, projects below the teeth of the upper 
 jaw, and coming into contact with the low- 
 er teeth, prevents the perfect a£t of mafti- 
 fication without pain, by which means the 
 horfe taking nutriment irreo-ularlv, is fre- 
 quently difpirited, — low in fleiri, — inade- 
 quate 
 
2 5 2 TRIFLES, 
 
 quate to his work, &c. Extirpation by 
 burning? is the regular practice, and when 
 both neatly and expeditioufiy performed, is 
 not to be objected to ; the only inconveni- 
 ence attending that mode is, the great paf- 
 fion the Operator in general has for 
 " cutting deep enough, " thereby laying 
 the hones bare, and rendering the hor-fe 
 fhy for many months, before the recol- 
 lection is fhaken off. 
 
 Modern practice recommends, and expe- 
 rience juftifies the more merciful mode of 
 drawing the edge of the'phleme tranf- 
 verfely and longitudinally acrofs the nefliy 
 prominence, which will contract in pro- 
 portion to the blood extracted, and leave 
 the fubject without a painful remembrance 
 of fo flight an operation. 
 
 CANKER in the MOUTH, 
 
 Is one of thole difquietudes to the owner, 
 and injuries to the animal, that never ori- 
 ginates but in the ill ufage of fome unprin- 
 cipled 
 
TRIFLES. 253 
 
 cipled brutifh fervant, or more brutal 
 paffionate matter. Whenever fuch cafe 
 occurs, it nineteen times out of twenty 
 happens from thofe extravagant exertions 
 in jagging the horfe's mouth with either the 
 bits of Weymouth Bridles, or the port 
 bits of harnefs. Upon examination in moft 
 cafes of this kind, the jaw bone has fuf- 
 tained injury, and exfoliations (fplinters 
 of the bone) generally follow ; when 
 which is the cafe, and all are extracted, a 
 cure is very foon completed, with a daily 
 warning with Tincture of Myrrh only. 
 
 On the contrary, mould any fuch lacera^- 
 tion have acquired a foulnefs and rigidity 
 at the edges, unaccompanied by any palpa- 
 ble fplinter 9 or threatened exfoliation, touch 
 the edges with a lancet in various places., 
 two or three days in fucceffion, to deftroy 
 the fiftulous callofity ; then waft the part 
 daily with a lponge, dipt in the following 
 folution :— -Take 
 
 Burnt Alum and Borax, each one drachm, 
 rub to a fine powder, and diflblve in' 
 
 f n r\r 
 
 on 
 
 i> 
 
aft TRIFLES. 
 
 fpring water a quarter of a pint ; then 
 add Tincture cf Myrrh, one ounce. 
 
 SANDCRACKS and RINGBONES, 
 
 'For permanent relief or fubftantial cure, 
 fubmit only to the Operation of Firing, 
 and that in the hands of thofe perfonally 
 qualified to execute the truft with a proper 
 decree of manual dexterity ; the great art 
 of decifion depending upon the line of cri-i 
 terion, doing neither too little, nor toq 
 much. 
 
 MALLENDERS and SALLENDERS, 
 
 Are too well known in their fituation and 
 appearance, to fraud in need of much de- 
 fcription ; they contift of acrimonious fharp 
 difcharges, or dry harih fcurf or fcabs at 
 the backs of the knees, and the infide of 
 the hocks behind, and are only to be got rid 
 of by the following means. If recent and 
 but newly obferved, frequent fubftantial 
 warnings with thin gruel and daily impreg- 
 nation 
 
FARCY. 255 
 
 nation with equal parts of camphorated 
 Spermacoeti Ointment and Mercurial mixed 
 together, may effect a total obliteration ; but 
 If either cafe is of long ftandiug, fubmiffion 
 can only be expected to a perfeverance in 
 the Mercurial Ointment alone. 
 
 FARC Y. 
 
 From the fuppofed verfatility of its ap* 
 pearance comes thus late under confedera- 
 tion ; not from a want of refpecl to the 
 magnitude of the fubjecl, but becaufe the 
 nature and contracted extent of this publi- 
 cation would not admit of fuch explanatory 
 matter as might tend to fwell it beyond the 
 bound originally propofed, and which it 
 is intended to adhere to. 
 
 The predominant points which the moft 
 curious or interefted enquirer can pofiibly 
 wifh to afcertain, is its dijiinguijhing traits*, 
 —whether it is infeclious ? — as well as whe- 
 ther it is bona fide and abfolutely incurable ? 
 If we were to indule the temptation, and 
 embark in definition, we might perhaps 
 
 fairly 
 
2§6 FARC Y, 
 
 fairly and fyftematically divide it into twd 
 clafTes of pariial and univerfal Farcy ; 
 which would in the event lead us to much 
 theoretic -as well as practical reafoning : that 
 being however rendered impracticable for 
 the reafons juhV mentioned, we proceed to 
 fiich remarks only, as can be introduced 
 upon the prefent occafion. 
 
 It is well known, that under the judicious, 
 and infallible dictation of Vulcanian Pro- 
 fessors, every " formation of matter" is 
 denominated " Farcy ;" more particularly 
 if fuch circumflance has happened without 
 any diitlncf or known caufe for its appear- 
 ance. So many of which conrrantly occur- 
 ring, as meer efforts of Nature to difbur- 
 then herfelf from an accumulated ' load of 
 Morbid matter, and being -as constantly 
 leured with fafety, furnimes us with fuffici- 
 ent reafon to difmifs fuch part of the fub- 
 jecl, without a fear of its being at any time 
 either infectious or incurable. 
 
 It is not fo with refpecl to the well* 
 known and. confirmed Farcy, making one 
 univerfal attack and general appearance 
 
 upon 
 
FARCY. 257 
 
 upon the whole frame ; that it is infec- 
 tious, recent experience has demonftrated 
 to a certainty, how far it is to be declared 
 abiblutely incurable, a little longer time 
 mu ft be allowed to afcertain. 
 
 This diforder is announced by a greater 
 or lefs proportion of puftules upon dif- 
 ferent parts of the frame ; varying a little 
 in property and prcgrefs, according to the 
 ftate of the blood at the commencement of 
 difeafe. In fome the eruption is hard and 
 warty, in others a fcurfy efchar is eaiily fe- 
 parated from the furface, and is then fol- 
 lowed by either an acrimonious ichor, or 
 an adhefive glutinous orFenfive matter, car- 
 rying with it every appearance of inveteracy. 
 
 To inveftigate the caufe, or to reafon 
 fcientifically upon effects, is not the prefent 
 object ; to reduce the difeafe d blood, and 
 to alter the property of what remains by a 
 variation in food, ' are the leading fteps to 
 alleviation. To correct acrimony by al- 
 teratives, and counteract the tendency of 
 the whole fyftem by external application* 
 3 as 
 
258 FARC Y. 
 
 as well as attempt a general revulfion by a 
 courfe of Mercurial Purgatives, is all 
 that can be adopted upon the occafion ; 
 having in conflant remembrance, the per- 
 fect affurance, that from a reliance only 
 upon the excellent monitor, " Perfevere 
 and Cpnquer," can be entertained a hope of 
 fuccefs. 
 
 Bleed upon the firfh appearance, in pro- 
 portion to the ftate and fize of the horfe, 
 and repeat it in four, Jive, ory^xdays, ac- 
 cording to the ftate of the blood. Put him 
 upon a different nutriment to what he has < 
 been accuftomed for the three months pre- 
 ceding ; give a few malt m'afhes at night, 
 and a few old beans in the corn of a 
 
 If the puftules are of the hard and 
 warty kind, rub in a moderate quantity of 
 the Mercurial Ointment upon the ctioft pro- 
 minent every other day for thrice ; which 
 follow with a daily warning of the follow- 
 ing lotion for a week : obferving, that 
 where the puflules are of the moift and fcurfy 
 
 kind, 
 
FARC Y. 259 
 
 kind, they may be daily warned with the 
 Lotion only. — Take 
 
 Corrofive Sublimate, two drachms, 
 Rectified Spirits of Wine, half a pint. 
 Spring Water, one pint. 
 
 Let the Mercury be. rubbed in a glafs mor- 
 tar to an exceeding fine powder, then add 
 by degrees the Spirits, and laftiy the Water; 
 with which ihaken together, every part 
 affected may be plentifully moiftened, by 
 means of a fmall piece of fponge conftantly 
 impregnated with the compofition. 
 
 During the time thus employed, a courfe 
 of Mercurial Phytic, either " Mild or 
 Strong," adapted to the fize and ftrength 
 of the horfe, mould be going on, allowing 
 feven or eight clear days between the dofes ; 
 during which clear days, from the fetting 
 of one dofe of phyfic, to the adminiftratioii 
 of another, one of the " Alterative Pow- 
 ders" may be given nightly in the malt 
 mam, and the fame plan perfevered in be- 
 tween the different dofes. 
 
 S* 2 Should 
 
26o INCURABLES. 
 
 Should any collateral affiftance be frill 
 required, recourfe may be had to the Mer- 
 curial Alteratives defcribed page 140, 
 where inftructions will be found for their 
 preparation. 
 
 INCURABLES. 
 BROKEN WIND, 
 
 AND 
 
 T h e G L A N D E R S. 
 
 Broken Wind is a defect, originally oc- 
 cafioned by a foul and vifcid fiate of the 
 blood, which remaining unattended to in 
 its infancy, degenerates to an habitual 
 rigidity ; the lungs become preternaturally 
 diftended by the conflantly accumulating 
 ebfrructions in the finer vefTels, constituting 
 fuch perceptible difficulty of refpiration, 
 (particularly during increafed exertion) as 
 to hold forth conviction, that fome of the 
 infinity of impalpable paffages having be- 
 come impervious, by an evident obstruction 
 arid eg from a vifcidity of the blood, fb 
 others have become ruptured by the pow- 
 erful 
 
INCURABLES, zGi 
 
 erful fpafmodic affection of coughing, in 
 an endeavour to make it off. 
 
 Cure in fuch cafe is not, nor cannot be ex- 
 peeled. That Tar Water, fo induftrioufly 
 circulated and creduloufiy /wallowed as a 
 fpecinc, may (like any other Pe&oral De- 
 tergent) contribute its aid to' the great hope 
 of mitigation, mall not be denied ; but that 
 or any other promifed cure can only prove a 
 prelude to difappointment. The more the 
 lobes of the lungs are preiTed upon by the 
 contents of the ftomach, the greater, muft 
 be the difficulty of refpiration ; hence arifes 
 the neceffity for fmall quantities of hay and 
 water at each time of fupply, and parti- 
 cularly previous to any increafed or briik 
 action. 
 
 As fweet, found, healthy nutriment is 
 known to generate blood, fo blood (if the 
 horfe is a fair feederj may be taken away 
 in moderate quantity whenever the malady 
 is obferved to become more diftreffing.— - 
 Such fleps may be followed occafionally 
 ( particularly in cafe of cold caught ) with 
 two or three " Pectoral Cordial or De- 
 S 3 tergent 
 
INCURABLE S. 
 
 t'y Mornings 
 in fucceffion, — Mafhes at night, with ho- 
 ney, or in fact anv of thole in visro rating 
 articles that tend to enliven the circulation 
 and overcome obftru&ions. 
 
 GLANDERS 
 
 Originates in a tumefaction of the glands 
 and a fubfequent difcharge from the nos- 
 trils, which in its fir ft appearance is rather 
 periodical than perpetual ; being on fome 
 days exceedingly copious, and on others 
 hardly perceptible. In this early ftate a 
 kind of coagulum is frequently thrown out 
 with fudden exertions of f nor ting, as if it 
 was an effort of Nature to difourthen her- 
 felf from the accumulating: load of morbidity. 
 
 When the fubject has been fome time 
 affected, the difcharge becomes conftant ; 
 and fooner or later- according to the ftate 
 or peculiar conftitution of the object, he 
 begins todifplay fymptoms of inveteracy, 
 by a depreflion of fpirit, and bodily laffitude, 
 indicating as it were a conicioulhefs of his 
 
 impending 
 
I N C U R A B L E S. 263 
 
 impending diffolution. The difcharge then 
 appears vifcid and finny, inclining to a tinge 
 of yellow, but not yet offenfive ; this is 
 gradationally followed by trifling and fuper- 
 ficial ftreaks of blood, imperfectly blended 
 with, or rather trickling upon the furface 
 of the matter ; to which fucceeds a kind 
 of erev or am coloured difcharge, that in- 
 creafes fo much in the quantity, the varie- 
 gation of colour, and the offenjive effluvia 
 from the whole, that it is impofllble (after 
 the defcribed progrefs) for any rational in- 
 vcftigator to give an erroneous deciiion 
 upon the cafe. 
 
 Whatever experiments may have been 
 hitherto humanely interpofed with an 
 anxious and laudable defire to prevent fo 
 many valuable animals from inevitable de- 
 ftruction, the moft indefatigable exertions 
 of Profeffional individuals have not yet 
 been crowned with the moil dijlant profpetl 
 of success. On the contrary, this fevere 
 and inexplicable diforder itanding confirmed 
 an incurable calamity, horfes are prudently 
 doomed to death, (as the only relief to their 
 fufFerings) fo foon as they are known to 
 S 4 , have 
 
264. MEDICINES, and 
 
 have become the Victims of fo diftrefling 
 a Fatality ; and this jentence (however 
 reluctantly) is palled with the greatest pru- 
 dence, when it is recollected, that the in- 
 fectious property is fo predominant, that 
 (like the vibrating power of an electrical 
 fhock) it communicates its defcruclive 
 miafma to every fubject that comes within 
 its reach. 
 
 MEDICINES, 
 
 AND 
 
 Their ADULTERATION, 
 
 Is a fubject of fo much magnitude in its 
 deceptive effects, that a great variety of 
 explanatory matter might be introduced in 
 direct corroboration ; but as it cannot be 
 expected that any expoftulatory admonition 
 here, can be happily productive of one ge- 
 neral reformation in the Professional 
 Practice of Adulteration, or the 
 equally infamous cuftom of fubftituting 
 
 one 
 
their ADULTERATION. 265 
 
 one article for another in the preparation of 
 Medical Prescriptions ; little more can 
 be done by even the bed and moif powerful 
 advocates, than to warn the Public of fuch 
 want of integrity, and to prevent if poffible 
 every individual from contributing to a fup- 
 Dort of fuch iniquity, by purchafing medi- 
 cines . not poffeffing a fourth part of the 
 Genuine article, under which appellation 
 they are diurnally palmed upon the Public in 
 the retail trade, in almoft every part of the 
 three kingdoms. 
 
 In direct proof and by way of fpeeimen 
 may be held forth the rubbijh eternally dif- 
 penfed for Liquorice — Anifeed — Turmeric — 
 Fcenugrec — Diapente — and a long lift of 
 et ceteras compounded with ground horfe 
 beans — flour — peas — -meal, &c. impreg- 
 nated with enough of the original (whofe 
 name it bears ) to give it the ncceffary 
 effluvia that may f auction the deceit ; but 
 which articles, if they- were genuine, 
 would coft nearly- double the fum at the 
 fountain head of commerce, for what they 
 
 are 
 
zG6 MEDICINES, and 
 
 are difpenfed at the counters- of the mer- 
 cenary and the necessitous. 
 
 It is perhaps to be lamented that hu- 
 man .depravity fhould ftand in need of 
 a compuliive excitement to the practice 
 of honesty; in which perfuafion if we 
 indulge even for a moment, the natural 
 fuggeftion prefents itfelf, that no one 
 Iegal injunction could be more ac- 
 ceptable, more salutary, than an act 
 to prevent the lhameful adulteration 
 of medicine, from which alone fo much 
 villainy, fo much lofs, and fo much di- 
 urnal deception enfues. 
 
 Thus much only by way of holding forth 
 a ufeful hint to thofe fagacious Solomons, 
 who are in eternal puriuit of bargains, — - 
 cheap mops and rare medicines; having 
 communicated which, it now only remains. 
 to particularize a concife lift of fuch ufeful 
 articles as are evidently necelTary for gen- 
 tlemen refiding-in remote parts of the 
 country, to prevent laying themfelves open 
 to the before recited impofitions upon every 
 
 occafion.. 
 
their ADULTERATION. 267 
 
 occafion, or the neceffity of difpatching 
 meflengers to country towns or village 
 farriers upon every trifling emergency. 
 
 Tincture of Myrrh,— Friars Balsam, 
 — Extract of Saturn, — ( commonly 
 called Goulard,) Camphorated Spirits 
 of Wine, — Liquid Laudanum, — Olive 
 Oil,' — Yellow Digestive, as well as 
 Camphorated Spermaceti Ointment, 
 — Fomentation Herbs, dried in the fum- 
 mer and preferved for the winter, — a 
 Glyster Pipe, or two, of proper dimen- 
 sions, as well as an Ox Bladder or two to 
 correfpond, — a few Purging, — Cordial, 
 ■ — ■ and Diuretic Balls, as well as for 
 Gripes or Fret, with fome Lint, — Tow, 
 — and Flannel rollers of different lengths 
 and breadths; all or any of which will be 
 configned to any part of England, by trans- 
 mitting an order to the Medical Dispen- 
 sary of the Receptacle. 
 
 That however gentlemen may poiTefs 
 the advantage of perfonally preparing liich 
 articles as are eafy of compolition, the 
 
 « formula 
 
, 2 68- MEDICINES, and 
 
 formula of thofe are fubjoined, as objects of 
 convenience, and confequently worthy 
 attention. 
 
 CAMPHORATED SPIRITS. 
 
 Take 
 
 Camphire one ounce and half, cut to 
 pieces and diffolve in a pint of Rec- 
 tified Spirits of Wine ; which keep 
 clofe flopped for ufe. 
 
 YELLOW DIGESTIVE OINTMENT. 
 
 Take 
 
 Bees Wax, one pound, 
 Yellow Refin, twelve ounces, 
 Burgundy Pitch, half a pound, 
 Olive Oil, two pints, 
 Lard, half a pound, 
 Common Turpentine, fix ounces* 
 
 Melt the Wax, Refin, and Pitch with 
 the Oil gradually, then take it from 
 
 the 
 
their ADULTERATION. 269 
 
 the fire, add the turpentine, and flir 'till 
 cold. 
 
 CAMPHORATED SPERMACCETI 
 
 OINTMENT. 
 
 Take 
 
 Spermacoeti, half a pound, 
 White Wax, four ounces, 
 Sweet Olive Oil, one pint and half, 
 And Camphire, one ounce. 
 
 Melt the nrfl articles over the fire in the 
 Oil, which take off and flir in the Cam- 
 phire previoufly powdered, (with the af- 
 iiitb.nce of a few drops of Spirits of Wine) 
 In a Metal Mortar. 
 
 In addition to whatever the accurate 
 and attentive experience of the Author 
 has enabled him mod: refpeclfully to com- 
 municate for the much wifhed for im- 
 provement in the long neglected art of 
 farriery, he begs permiffion to fay, that 
 the very flattering marks of approbation, 
 
 that 
 
270 MEDICINES, and' 
 
 that have fo conftantly reached him from the 
 moft diftin^uimed characters, in direct co- 
 incidence with the prefimg perfuafions of 
 others equally high in the sporting world 
 (upon the unprecedented fuccefs and cir- 
 culation of his "Stable Directory") firft 
 induced him to render the whole a com- 
 plete chain of convenience to the Kingdom 
 in general, by the peribnal preparation of 
 his moft efficacious prescriptions ; a plan 
 fo evidently calculated to eradicate the 
 foundation of Empirical Imposition and 
 Medical Adulteration, it can create 
 no furprize (after a conftantly increafing 
 ordeal of feven years ) that their eftablifhed 
 reputation mould have been {o highly 
 honoured with the flamp of public 
 approbation. 
 
 F I N I S. 
 
£ »p 3 
 
 INDE X. 
 
 ANIMAL CEconomy, p. 60, So. 
 Acute Difeafes, 113. 
 Alterative Powders, 139. 
 Accidents, Chapter of, 215. 
 
 B 
 
 Blood, the flate of, p. 14. 
 
 ■ , the acrimony of, 59. 
 
 Balls for Strangury, 129. 
 
 , Mercurial Alterative, 140. 
 
 — — , Mild Purging, for Worms, 142. 
 
 , Strong ditto, ditto, 143. 
 
 , for Gripes and Fret, 1 1 3. 
 
 , for obftinate Cough, 149. 
 
 Blows, 202, 217. 
 Bliftering, 210. 
 Bruifes, 216. 
 Broken Wind, 260. 
 
 C 
 
 Craflamentum, p. 17. 
 
 Cracked Heels, 28, 73. 
 
 Cafe, 30, 44, 93, 97, 99, 132, 16 r, 247. 
 
 Cordial Balls, 42. 
 
 Curious ^Meeting, 46. 
 
 Cough, Cold, &c. 25, 146. 
 
 , Pectoral Deco&ion for, 152, 
 
 — , Maflies for, 25, 153. 
 
2 7 z INDEX. 
 
 Caftor, Oil of, p. 159. 
 Corns, 182. 
 Curbs, 251. 
 Canker, 252. 
 
 D 
 
 Difeafe, progrefs of, p. 8. 
 
 , fyrriptoms of, 10. 
 
 Defperate Practice, 43. 
 Dr. James's Powder, 51. 
 Diuretics, 69. 
 Drink for Fret, 124. 
 , Purgative, 117. 
 
 E 
 Equeftrian Phyfician, p. 7. 
 Emetic Tartar, effects of, 48. 
 Eyes, the defeats of, 200. 
 
 ». F 
 Farriers deficiency, caufe of, p. 3. 
 Farriery, profeflbrs of, 7. 
 Fomentation, 65, 208, 214. 
 Fret, 113, 120. 
 Feet ruined, how, 169. 
 Fiftula, 221. 
 Fungus, 223. 
 Farcy, 255. 
 
 G 
 
 Grooms judgment, p. 27. 
 
 Greafe, 72. 
 
 Gripes, 113. 
 
 Glyfter for Gripes or Fret, 116. 
 
 « for Strangury, 130, 
 
 for Bots. 144. 
 
 Generality, 192. 
 Glanders, 262, 
 
INDEX. 273 
 
 H 
 
 Horfe Do£tor, ftigma upon, p. 4. 
 
 Hidebound, 80. 
 
 Hoofs, difference in, 194. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jaundice, p. 155.. 
 
 , Balls for, 157. 
 
 Injeftion, Detergent, 231. 
 Incurables, 260. 
 
 L 
 Liquid Laudanum, p. 49, 125. 
 Lungs, the Difeafes of, 145. 
 Liver, the Difeafes of, 155. 
 Lamenefs, 241. 
 
 , Tendinous, 244. 
 
 ■ , Ligamentary, 246, 
 
 , Shoulder, 247. 
 
 Lampas, 251. 
 
 Lotion, Mercurial, 259. 
 
 M 
 Medical Myftery, p. 66. 
 Mafhes, 79. 
 Mange, 80, 85. 
 
 Management of the Feet, 177, 199. 
 Mallenders, 254. 
 Medicines, remarks upon, 264. 
 
 N 
 Nitre, its effe&s, p. 27, 33. 
 Nutritive Aliment, 41. 
 
 O 
 Ointment, Precipitate Digeftive, 22©, 
 
 , Yellow Digeftive, 268. 
 
 , Camphorated, 269. 
 
 P 
 
 Perfpiration, p. 22. 
 Purgatives, 68. 
 
 Purgitag 
 
2 J/J. 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Purging, neceflity for, p. 87, 
 
 , inftru&ions for, 103. 
 
 Poultices, 222. 
 Proud Fle(h, 223. 
 
 R 
 
 Quittor, p. 225. 
 
 Rinebones, p. 254. 
 
 S 
 Symptoms of Difeafe, p. 10. 
 Strangury, 11, 127. 
 Size and Serum, 17. 
 Swelled Legs, 62, 79. 
 Scratches, 62. 
 Surfeit, 80. 
 Shoeing, 165. 
 Spermacoeti Oil, 198. 
 Stopping for Feet, 199. 
 Swellings, 216. 
 
 Saturnine Embrocation, 218, 245. 
 Siffaft, 219. 
 Sinus, 223. 
 Spavins, Blood, 233. 
 
 , Bone, 235. ^ 
 
 Splents, 236. 
 
 , Solvent for, 238. 
 
 Strangles, 239. 
 Stimulative Liniment, 248. 
 Sandcracks, 254. 
 Sallenders, 254. 
 Spirits Camphorated, 268. 
 
 T 
 Thrum, p. 74. 
 Tumours, 118. 
 
 W 
 Worms, p. 134, 
 
 , Powders for, 139. 
 
 ; , Purging Ba]ls for, 142. 
 
 Warbles, 319. GENUINE 
 
Genuine 
 
 AND UNIVERSALLY APPROVED 
 
 HORSE MEDICINES, 
 
 O F 
 
 The A U T H O R's 
 Preparation, seal, and signature, 
 
 ARE SOLD AT 
 
 The RECEPTACLE, 
 
 G. Kearfley, No. 46, Fleet- Street; 
 
 Peake and Co. No. 27, Hay -Market 5 
 
 Vade, No. 46, Cornhill ; 
 
 Pope, Blunt, and Co. Southwark; 
 
 And by no other Perfoa in London. 
 
 Adams, Loughbro'. 
 Bailey, Calne. 
 Billinge and Co. Liverpool. 
 Blakeney, Windfor. 
 Boult, Egham. 
 Briftow, Canterbury. 
 Browne, Tolzey,'BriftoI. 
 Burnham, Northampton. 
 Byrne, Grafton-flreet, Dublin. 
 Clachar, Chelmsford. 
 Cole, Fakenham. 
 Cook, Farnham. 
 dDe Lamotte, Weymouth. 
 Eafton, Salifbury. 
 Edwards, Cork. 
 Gedge, Bury. 
 
 Goadby and Co. Sherborne, 
 Gurhm, Guildford. 
 Hazard, Bath'. 
 Higman, St Auflell, 
 Holl, Worcefter. 
 Jackfon, Dartmouth. 
 jamefon, Ofweftry. 
 - Jones, Bifhop's Stortford. 
 Lanyon, Loftwithiell. 
 Laurance and Tralh, Oxford. 
 
 Liddell, Bodmin. 
 Marfhall, Lynn. 
 Newbury, Benfori. 
 Nicholfon, Wifbeach. 
 Norbury, Brentford. 
 W. and G. North, Brecknock. 
 Payn, Saffron- Walden. 
 Phillips, Leicefter, 
 Raikes, Gloucefter, 
 Rickman, Maidenhead. 
 Sandford, Shrewsbury.. 
 Scott, Edinburgh. 
 Simmons, Thame. 
 Sketchiey, Burnifton,. 
 Smith, Bedford. 
 Stevens, Bicefter. 
 Stone, Shepton-Mallet. 
 Trewman, Exeter. 
 Tymbs, Worcefter. 
 Walford, Ware. 
 J. & T. Watfon, Cambridge. 
 Wetton, Chertfey. 
 Whitgreave, Stourbridge. 
 Williams and Co. Swanfea. 
 Wright, Wainfleet. 
 
 And one Agent in moft Cities and Towns, fo foon as an 
 Arrangement of fuch extent can be properly formed.- 
 
HORSE MEDICINES. 
 
 Mild Purging Balls, is. 6d. each. 
 
 Stronger Ditto, - as. 
 
 Mild Mercurial Purging Balls, - - - - as. 
 
 Stronger Ditto, ------..- 1 
 
 Cordial Rhubarb Purging Balls, - - - > 2s. 6d. 
 Purging Balls for Worms, - - ) 
 
 Mild Diuretic Balls for Cracks, Scratches,") 
 
 Surfeit, Hidebound, or fluctuating >6s. perdozeru 
 
 Humours, -- j 
 
 Stronger Ditto, for perceptible Foulnefs,! 
 
 Defects of the Eyes, Swelled Legs, and > 8s. 
 
 Greafe, ,--•-. .,_) ■'. 
 
 Pectoral Cordial Balls, for recent ■ Colds or 1 
 
 Coughs, and to be given after fevere > Ss. 
 
 Chafes and long Journies, - - - - J 
 Pectoral Detergent Balls for obftinate Coughs,") 
 
 or Afthmatic and Thick Winded V 9s. 
 
 Horfes, ---'•-•'■* «. '.-■'_ L ' y 
 Fever Balls, - - - - - - - - is. 6d. each. 
 
 Balls for Loofenefs or Scouring, - is. 6d. 
 
 Balls for the Flatulent Cholic, or Fret, - - 2s. 
 Ditto for the Inflammatory Cholic of Gripes, ss. 
 Ditto fortheStrangury,orSuppreffion of Urine, is. 6d. 
 Blifterins; Ointment for Lamenefs, Spavins, J 
 
 Splints, or Curbs, - - - - - „ ' j 3*. per pot. 
 Embrocation for Lamenefs or Strains, - - 2s. 6d. per bottle. 
 Alterative Powders, for Cracks, Scratches, 7 A , 
 
 Surfeit, Hidebound, Mange, or Greafe, $ P er dozen - 
 
 *^.* Mr. Taplin begs to add his moft grateful acknow- 
 ledgements to the many eminent characters, from whom he has 
 received permiflion of reference for the efficacy of his Medicines ; 
 and that every plan may be adopted to render the arrangement 
 more acceptable, he wifhes it to be univerfally known, that 
 gentlemen refiding in remote parts of the country, who are de- 
 flrous of keeping a fmall aflbrtment of Medicines for unexpected 
 emergencies, may always pofTefs the privilege of exchanging 
 them for new preparations, at any feafon of the Year, provided 
 the Characteriftic Seal has not been broken. 
 
v. 
 
mm 
 
 - A ' I 
 
 
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