PL ■ ^ 
 
 
 y. • ///f'u.'^fy'^// r/uy/?yr 
 
 V 
 
hy /K^*^Ar L^ 
 
 JOHNA.SEAVERNS 
 
— _„ii — amE-J 1 
 
GENTLEMAN'S 
 
 l^ecteation : 
 
 In Four Parts, 
 
 VIZ. 
 H II N T I N G,? ^F O W L I N G, 
 HaWKINGjS cFlSHING. 
 
 Wherein thefe Generous Exercifcs are 
 largely Treated of, and the Terms of Art for 
 Hunting and Hawking more amply 
 Enlarged than heretofore. 
 
 Whereto is prefixt a large Sculpture, 
 
 giving eafie Diredlions for blowing the 
 
 Horn, and other Sculptures inferted 
 
 proper to each Recreation. 
 
 With an ^Ijtttaft at the end of each %i\W(t 
 of fuch JiatPjS as relate to the fame. 
 
 The Third EDITION, 
 
 With the Addition of a Hunting-Horse. 
 
 LO MDOM: Printed by Freeman Collins, for 
 Nicholas Cox. 1686. 
 

 
 
 JflT-'rlT 
 
T A "b L E 
 
 HUNTING: 
 
 Being theFirft Part. 
 
 Page. 
 
 INtrodulihn i 
 
 Terms of Art ^ 
 
 Some general names 0/ Hounds and Beagels ip 
 
 Terms relating to Forefis^Scc, 20 
 
 Of the Hound Rache and Sluth-hound ' 2 8 
 
 C?//i^c Blood-hound 2^ 
 
 ,C|/f/?r Gaze- hound 32 
 
 O/^/^e Grey-hound • . ^^ 
 
 0/ f^e Harder ^;2^ Terrier 3.5 
 
 Of the Hound Levyner or Lyemer 3.7 
 
 (7/ ^i^e Tumbler ibid. 
 
 Of the Spaniel 3P 
 
 Of the White Hound 40 
 
 0/ Fallow- Hounds ibid. 
 
 Of the Dun-hound 41 
 
 The marks ^f ^good Hound ' 42 
 
 The eleSion of a Vog and Bitch for good Whelps 43I 
 
 Hovc> to enter young Hounds at the Hart, &c, 44. 
 
 Of Courfing with Grey-hounds 4d» 
 
 The Laws of the Leajh or Courfing 4P 
 The Stiles <f Hunting c(ifferent from tk Englifh^ hoth An- 
 
 tique aad Forraifi"-^ C 5* 
 
 ^' 
 
The TABLE for Hunting. 
 
 OfViMt'Htmting $6 
 
 the Nature o/tf Hart 57 
 
 Of the Rnt of UdiXts 62 
 
 Oft he time of Harts Metving^ 6f 
 
 Of the Coats and Colours of Harts, and their diverfities 66 
 
 Hove to hr}ow an old Hart by the Slot^ Entries, dec. 6y 
 
 The names and diverfities of HartS'-Z^ea^j according to Wun- 
 
 teu Terms ^ , _ . ^9 
 
 Hoiv tofeek^ a Hatt in his haunts orfeeding-plaSs according 
 
 to the feafoas of the year ' ^o 
 
 In what manner the Huntfrnan Jhall go drawing in the 
 
 Springs r 7^ 
 
 Virecrions for Harbouring a Stsg 7^ 
 
 Hon> to find a Hart loji the ni?J?t before 73 
 
 Hovp to find a Hart in high Woods . 74 
 
 How to unharbour a Hart and caji off the Hounds . 7 5 
 
 What fiihtilties are ufed in hunting a Hart at force 7^ 
 
 Hoxp to k^ll a Hart at Bay J9 
 
 ^iredions at the death ofahMck or Hart 8o 
 
 feuck-H;o;?i/;^ 8i ^oc-Hunfitlg 83 
 
 Rain- Deer- H«;2fi«g 8^ Uirc-Hmting fi 
 
 Of V arks and Warrens I GO Of Conc'f catching 1 02 
 
 ■^/*^e Ferret 104 Of Fox- Hioiting 105 
 
 Ofhids^QT' Hunting III OfOttet-Hknting II5 
 
 t^/fk Squirrel ' n8 
 
 Of the Mixtcrn or WM-Cit 120 
 
 •A(hoit Account ofBeaiis not Hunted in En^hnd, aad fitjl 
 
 ^^oftheWo]^ J " ,;". 122 
 
 •WyWild-goat-H.7;;/i/;^ "^•^;;"V^i 25 
 
 -0/ Wild-boar Hunting '""H '' ' 1 28 
 
 Of the Beaver .-^^^^ ^'^^ • " ^^ ""''^''^ 137 
 
 i^ijeafes and Cttres of Hounds '^'^*^? , ^ ., .. -^141 
 
 X>ifejf$s and Cures of Spaniels ;. .? '^ * - ^ ! .'l, 1^6 
 
 Tcnal Larvs relating to Hunters and tiuntui^ ' 150 
 Tcnal Laws concerning Fcrejis and Cbacer, &c. 15$ 
 
 The 
 
 e> 
 
The Table for H a w k i n g s 
 
 Being the Second PART. 
 
 THe IntrodadtoH Page i 7'erms of An 4 
 
 Of the Haggard-Faulcon 1 1 
 
 H01V tok^iow the Nature and Vijpofitiofi of fever al Hawks, 
 
 and rvbat mud be obfervedfrom thence 1 7 
 
 Of the F^iulcon 20 
 
 Of the Mannings Luring^ Flights^ and Mewing of a Faul- 
 
 con, with other things belonging to an Ojirager 2 2 
 
 Of bathing a Faulcon lately reclaimed ', how to make her, 
 
 and to hate the Cheeky 2 ^ 
 
 How to enfcam a Faulcon with her Callings and Scow' 
 
 rings 2 8 
 
 General In^ruUions for an Odrager or Faulconer 3 2 
 
 How to hood a Hawk 5 6 
 
 How to make your UdiV/kkfiowyour Voice and her own feed- 
 ing . 37 
 How to mak^ your Hawk bold and venturous ibid. 
 How to make a Hawk j^/on? the Lure 3 8 
 How to make a H^wkfiying ibid? 
 A Flight for a Haggard 40 
 How to mak^ a ^o^r-Faulcon, or Haggard 1^7/ at the very 
 
 firfi 41 
 
 Remedy for a Hawks taking ftand in a Tree 42 
 
 How to help a Hawk frovfard and coy through pride of 
 
 greafe ihld. 
 
 How to maks a Hawk hold in her head and not mind Chec\ 
 
 Haw to continue and k^ep a Hawk in her highflying ibid, 
 
 A flight for the Hern 4$; 
 
 O/ti&e Haggard-faulcon j why fo called, her good fh ape 
 
 and properties, &c. 47 
 
 Ofthi Barbary-faulcop 50 OftU Gerfaulcon ibid, 
 
 P/z^eSakejp 53f 
 
 M z Of 
 
The TABLE for Hawking. 
 
 (9/ the Lanner,Lanneret, WTunifian 54 
 
 OfiheMciYm 57 
 
 Ofihe Mctving of Merlins, Faulcons, &c. Ani which is 
 
 the bed way of Mewi/ig 5* 
 
 Of ^k Hobby 6 1 • OftheGo(h^wk 62 
 
 Ho.v to mak^e the Soar or H t^gard-Goih^wk <^4 
 
 Hjiv to iT^ake a Golhawk fly to f/^i' Partridge ^5 
 
 Hojv to help a Golhawk that turneth Tail to Tail^ andgi' 
 
 veth over her Game ^o 
 
 H( TV to ma\c a Gofhawkj^ quichly ^7 
 
 Hon> to fly a Goiliawk to the River 6S 
 
 An excellent way to preferve a Godiawk in the time of her 
 
 ftyi/ig., efp^cially in hot n>eathcr 6p 
 
 Hon> to fly the Wild-goofe or Crane with the Golhawk 
 
 ibid. 
 How to Mew a Gofliawk, and draw her out of the Mew, 
 
 and make her flying 70 
 
 Some general Ubfervations for an Olirager or Faulconer in 
 
 keeping and reclaiming a Golhawk Jl 
 
 Of the Spir row-hawk 73 
 
 Hon> iff tmke a Sp3irtoW'hzy/k^ whether Eyeji, Brancher, 
 
 Soar^ Mervd^ or. Hazard 74 
 
 How to Mew SpaxTow-hawks 78 
 
 "I'joe duly of a Faulconer, with necejfary Eules and Obfet' 
 ' vatims for him to follow 80 
 
 Of Difeafcs and dangeroiti accidents incident to Ha wkSj^w^ 
 their feveral Cures ' ' 81 
 
 Of Ccijiir.gs and Mcwtings , either good or bad according 
 to their f'verul complexions and fmells, 82 
 
 0f4heCaijra& 85 Of the Pantas or Ajihma 8<5 
 
 Of Worms %■] OftheFilanders ibid. 
 
 Another approved medicine for Filanders or IForms in 
 : Hawks SS 
 
 Cf Hawks Lice ibid. 
 
 yi fife and ufie way to f^ll Lice in Hawks • Sp 
 
 Ho)v tok^ep andmJintofn all wamer of Hawks in health, 
 
 ^aod plight^ and likjng ibid, ' ' • • 0/ 
 
 ^ 
 
To the Right Honourable 
 
 JAMES 
 
 Lord NORREYES 
 
 BARON of 'KZCOr, 
 
 His Majefties Lord-Lieutenant 
 O F 
 
 OXFORD-SHIRE. 
 
 IF to admire Worth and 
 Honour were a Crime, 
 it would highly con- 
 cern me to beg your 
 LordQiips pardon for the 
 prefumption of this Ad- 
 drefs. For that's the Caufe. 
 A 2 this 
 
 .>• 
 
The Epi{lle Dedicatory^ 
 
 this the Med:. It is true, 
 the obfcurity of my Con- 
 dition, and remdtenefs of 
 my Scituation , have placd 
 me out of the reach of 
 your Lordlhips Knowledge; 
 yet your Lordfhips Fame 
 Ecchoing out of Oxford-fhire 
 through all the very Cor- 
 ners of the Kingdom , 
 could hardly efcape my 
 Ears,were i not particularly 
 entitled to the lame Coun- 
 ty, which hath given me 
 thereby the greater op- 
 portunity both to know , 
 and admire the Greatnefs 
 of your Generolity, the 
 Magnificence of your Li- 
 ving, and Prudence of your 
 
 Go-' 
 
The Epifile dedicatory. 
 
 Governing , accompanied 
 with all other Qualificati- 
 ons and Endowments re- 
 quifite to render any per- 
 fon both Great and Good : 
 Asalfo, that though your 
 Lordihip is a great impro- 
 ver of your own natural 
 parts by your elaborate flu- 
 dies, and of others Know- 
 ledge by your Edifying 
 Converfation ; yet to ob- 
 viate Idlenefs, and to anti^ 
 dote Sicknefs, as alfo the 
 better to enapt your 'active 
 Body to fuit your Loyal 
 Mind for Martial Employ- 
 ments,ihould the concerns 
 of your King and Country 
 call you forth into the Field, 
 
 your 
 
 
The Epiftle Dedicatory. 
 your Lordfhip is a moft in- 
 defatigable uler of all adive 
 Sports and Recreations, and 
 confequently become the 
 great Oracle and Mafter 
 of them all , and all their 
 Artful Terms. Under what 
 other Wing then could this 
 little Treatife on thofeSub- 
 jeds fo properly creep for 
 ihelter and Protection ? 
 Under no other certainly, 
 without fome kind of In- 
 juftice to your Lordihip^and 
 real Injury to the Work it 
 felf Be pleafed therefore 
 a little to unbend your 
 Thoughts ( I humbly be- 
 feechyour Lordlhip) from 
 your more ferious Studies, 
 ^ al- 
 
 ^v 
 
The TABLE for Hawking. 
 
 Of the Formica p^ 
 
 Of the Froivnce pi Of the Pip ibid. 
 
 Hoip to remedy that Vizwkn>hich endenceth not^norputteth 
 
 over as fhe fhould do p2 
 
 Horv to mal{e a Hiwk feed eagerly that hath loft appetite^ 
 
 rvithout bringing her low P3 
 
 Horp to raife a Hawk that it low and poor ibid. 
 
 Hovp to remedy a Hawk that isjlothful and aver fe to flying 
 
 Of fwolnfeet in a Hawk ibid. 
 
 Hovp to fcour Hawks before you caji them into the Mew p 5 
 Venal Larvs relating to Hawks and Hawking P7 
 
 The Table for Fowling: 
 
 Being the Third PART. 
 
 WHat Fowling is^ with the nature and diverfity of all 
 manner of Fowl Page loi 
 
 Of the haunts of Fowl 103 
 
 'Xhe readieli way to tak^ great Fowl with Nets I ©4. 
 
 How to taJ^fmall Water-fowl with Nets 105 
 
 How to takefmall Birds with Bird-lime 107 
 
 How to taj^ great Fowl with Lime-twigs lOp 
 
 Of the great and lejfer Springs I H 
 
 Of the Fowling-piece and Stalkjng'horfe 113 
 
 How to tak^ all manner of Land-fowl by day and night 118 
 Of Bzt -fowling 121 
 
 Of the Day net, and how to tak^ Birds therewith ibid. 
 Of taking fmall Birds which ufe Hedges and Bufhes with 
 Lime-twigs 123 
 
 How to make the hejifort of Bird-lime^ and how to ufe it 
 
 126 
 
 The be(i and moji experienced way of making Water-bird" 
 
 <" lime 127 
 
 itt what mamer Snipes may be tak^n with Bird-lime 128 
 
The TABLE for Fowling: 
 
 tin manner of takhigFdhres by Wjtsr-bird'lime I2p 
 How to tak^ Pidgeons with Lime-twigs ibid. 
 
 tjoiv to tal^ Magpies, Crows , and Gleads mth Lime' 
 twigs 130 
 
 How t9 take Rooks when they pull up the Corn hy the Root 
 
 131 
 How to take Birds with Baits ^ either Land or Water- fowl 
 
 ibid. 
 A mofl excellent and approved way how ta take the Hern 
 
 How to take Pheafants fever al ways 13 5 
 
 7hefa(hion of Phcafant-Mf/ 137 
 
 Of driving of Pheafant-/?(;a'// 138 
 
 the J'eafons for the ufing of Nets ■ or Lime 1 40 
 
 How to taJ^ Partridges jei/^rn/ ways 141 
 
 Oftakjng Partridges with Nets 143 
 
 How to take Partridges with Bird-lime 144 
 
 HtfH? /o (^rit;e Partridges I45» 
 
 How to taks Partridges with a Setting-dog 145 
 
 How to take Rails, Quails, Morepots, &c, 147 
 How to elect and train a Setting-dog from a Whtlp till he 
 
 comes to perfcUion 1 48 
 
 How to train a Water-dog^ and the ufe thereof 151 
 Hnv to tak^^preferve^ and keep all manner of Singing- birds 
 
 0/ </^e Nightingale 155. How to mak^ a 'Net-trap to 
 tak^him 1 57 
 
 0/ //?e Canary-bird I ^i 0/ik Black- bird 163 
 
 O/tkThroftle 164 0/ f/je Robin-red-breft 167 
 
 Of the Wren ibid. Of the Wood-lark 1&9 
 
 Of the Skie-lark i the feveral ways to tak^ them, and n>hen 
 taken, how to order thetn 172 
 
 Q ft he Linnet 174 
 
 Of the Gpld-tinch or Ghiiftmas-fool , fo called in Nor- 
 folk 175 
 Of the Tithxk 176 C?/fk Chaffinch 177 
 0/fi^e Stalling 178 0/^kRedaart ibid. 
 
 ^v. 
 
The TABLE for Fishing. 
 
 Of theBuW'^nch lyp Of the Giecn-finch ibU, 
 
 0//)^e Hcdge-Sparrow jgg, 
 
 ^n AbfiraU offkch Penal Laws as cdficern Fowling 183 
 
 The Table for Fishing: 
 
 Being the Fointh and laft PAR T. 
 
 THe Introdn^ioH Pa^e i 
 
 An Encomium , or fometvhat in praife of Fijhermen 
 and Fifhing y 
 
 Fijh'pmds to improve^ and thefijh therein contained & 
 
 Carps tomak^ them gtortHo an extraordinary bignefs in a 
 
 Pond ,Q 
 
 General Ohfervations to he mderjiood in the Art ef Anz- 
 
 . ^'"i II 
 
 Afirological EWions for Angling in general 1 3 
 
 }Vhat prmfm is to be made for Angling-tools 1 4 
 
 A Line after the befi manner^ hovo to mak^ 1 5 
 
 Of the Hooh^^ Flote, and other things n^orth the ohfervation 
 
 Flies Natural and Artificial, and how to ufe them 1 8 
 OfGromd.angling2^ Of Night- angling 2^ 
 
 trhat times are feafonable, and what mfeafonahle to anile 
 
 ^-^^f^^fbel 27 Oftbehte^m 29 
 
 Of the Bleak 2 1 
 
 Of the BulMiead or Millers-Thumb L 
 
 ?f/f^uTJ,^ OftheCh^t 34 
 
 Of the Chub, Cheven, Chavender nij 
 
 0//^cCarp3(5 ^/Dace.rDare 38 
 
 Of fBd 39 Of the FlomdcK 42 
 
 OA^e Gudgeon 43 O/^J^eGuiniard ibid, 
 
 ^///;e Loach 44 Of the Mimovv 4% 
 
 OfthePopcorKv^fi ibid, OfthePlkQ Is 
 
 Cy/^ePearch50 OftheK^di 52 
 
 Of 
 
The TABLE for Fishing. 
 
 Of the Roach 
 
 
 
 ibid. 
 
 0/f^e Stickleback 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 Of the Salmon 
 
 
 , 
 
 ibid* 
 
 Of the Tench 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 Of the Torcoth 
 
 
 
 6i 
 
 Of the Trout 
 
 
 
 ibid. 
 
 Of the Umber or Grayling 
 
 
 
 ^3 
 
 Fijhes Hamt^ &c. 
 
 
 
 64 
 
 Experimental Obfervations and Vire&ions for 
 
 • Angling 6y 
 
 An Angling Song 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 An AbJiraSi offttch Penal Laws 
 
 Of relate to 
 
 Fijhing 
 
 76 
 
 The Table for the Hunting^Horse, 
 
 Being an Appendix to the Firft Part. 
 
 OF Hunting-Horfes i« genera/, their excellency^ and the 
 neccfuy and benefit of the Art of Keeping Page I 
 Of Breeding ■■> the choice of a Stallion , and Mares , mtb 
 feme general Kemarkj on Markj andColouts' 9 
 
 Ofth Age a Hunter Jhould be of, before he be put to Hun" 
 ting: Of the Stable, and Groom , and of the Horfes 
 firjl taking up fiom Grafs, in order to his further dieting 
 t 24 
 
 How to order the Hunter /(;r thefir^ Fortnight 34 
 
 Of the fecond Fortnights Viet , and of his fir(i Huntings 
 and what Chafes are moj} proper to Train him 50 
 
 Of the Horfes third Fortnights Keeping, and fird Tho- 
 rough- fweating . ^4 
 
 Of making a Hunting-Match ^its advantages and difadvan- 
 tages 7^ 
 
 Of the ordering the Huntet/or a Match or Plate 77 
 
 Of the means to judge of ymr Horfes ft ate gf Body, and of 
 curing all Cafualties that may happen after Matching 87 
 
 Of Riding a Hunting-Match, or Heats for a Flate^ and the 
 advantages belonging to each fl 
 
 FINIS. 
 
The Epijlle VedicatOry. 
 allowing your Eyes to run 
 over thefe few Leaves , and 
 either vouchfafe to corred: 
 their Errours, (if any have 
 efcaped thofe Judicious 
 Sports-men who have been 
 pleated to be my Guides 
 in perufing this Work, and 
 purging it from many Errors 
 and Millakes of the former 
 Edition) or ftamp them 
 with the unqueftionable au- 
 thority of your Lordfhips 
 Approbation. This will ob- 
 lige all true Lovers of the 
 fame generous Recreations 
 to%e€ome greedy purcha- 
 fers of thefe Rules , both to 
 improve their Knowledge, 
 ana reduce their Language 
 
 to 
 
T^he Epijlle Dedicatory. 
 
 to the famefignificant terms, 
 to the great fatisfa£tion of 
 the Buyers, and the benefit 
 of Proprietor and Seller , 
 who humbly craves leave to 
 lay himfelf at your Lord- 
 (hips Feet, in the quality 
 
 of 
 
 (lyj ay \t pleafe your Lordfliip) 
 ' Yqur,I^ordfliip's 
 
 Moft devoted humble Servant, 
 
 » ^ > » . ■ » 1 ' '.si' 
 
 ;ui I . •31 h:: '. 
 
GENTLEMAN'S 
 
 O R, A 
 
 TREATISE 
 
 Giving the befl Diredlions for 
 
 HUNTING, 
 
 AND 
 KILLING all manner of CHASES 
 
 ukd in ENGLAND, 
 With the Terms of Art belonging thereunto. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 A fhort Account of fome peculiar Beads 
 not ufually Hunted in England. 
 
 FulVColiedtcd from Antient ai^d Modem Authors", 
 and HOW very much Correfted ahd Enlarged by many Wor-i 
 thy and Experienced Artiflsof this Recreation. 
 
 With an Abftraft of fucli Statute-Laws 
 as relate to Forests and Hunting. 
 
 Clje ifitft I3art» 
 
 Ld^doH : Printed by jF. C, and t. C. for N. C. 
 
O F 
 
 H U N T 
 
 The IntroduB'ton, 
 
 HVNTING is a Game and Pvecreation comhien- 
 dable not onely for Kings, Princes, and the 
 Nobility , but likewife for private Gentle- 
 men: And as it is a Noble and Healthy Paftime , 
 To it is a thing which hath been highly prized in all 
 Ages. 
 
 Belides, Hunting trains up Youth to the ufe of man- 
 ly Exercifes in their riper Age, being encouraged there- 
 to by the pleafure they take in hunting the Stately 
 Stag, the Gemrom BucJ^, the If^ilde Boar, the Cunning 
 Otter, the Crafty Fox, and the Fearful Hare \ alfo the 
 catching of Vermin by Engines, as the Fitchet, the 
 Fulimart, the Ferret, the Polecate, the Moldwarp, and the 
 like. Exercife herein preferveth Health, and increafeth 
 Strength and Adivity. Others inflame the hot Spi- 
 tits of young men with roving Ambition, love of 
 War, and feeds of Anger : But the Exercife of Hun- 
 ting neither remits the Minde to Sloth nor Softncfs, 
 B 2 noi 
 
2 €fje Jntrotiuctfom 
 
 nor ( if it be ufed with moderation ) hardens it to 
 inhumanity i but rather inclines nnen to good Ac- 
 quaintance , and gaierous Society. It is no fmall 
 advantage to be enured to bear Hunger, Thirft, and 
 VVearinefs from ones Childhood i to take up a time- 
 ly habit of quitting ones Bed early, and loving to 
 lit well and ("afe upon an Horfe. What innocent and 
 natural delights are they, when he feeth the day brea- 
 king forth thofe BluQies and Rofes which Poets and 
 Writers of Romances onely paint , but the Huntf- 
 man truely courts? When he heareth the chirping of 
 fmall birds pcarching upon their dewy Boughs ? when 
 he draws in the fragrancy and coolnefs of the Air ■? 
 How jolly is his Spirit, when he fuffers it to be impor- 
 ted with the noife of Bugle-Horns, and the baying 
 of Hounds , which leap up and play round about 
 him. 
 
 Nothing doth more recreate the Minde, ftrengthen 
 the Limbs, whet the Stomach, and clear up the Spi- 
 rit, when it is heavy, dull, and over-caftwith gloomy 
 Cares : from whence it comes, that thefe delights have 
 merited to be in eltccm in all Ages, and even araongft 
 barbaroas Nations, by the Lords, Princes, and highclf 
 Potentates. 
 
 Tlicn it is admirable to obferve the natural inftindt 
 of Enmity and Cunning, whereby one Beaft being 
 as it were confederate with man, by whom he is main- 
 tained, feives him in his dellgnes upon others. How 
 peiftdt is the Scent or Smell of an Hound, who ne- 
 ver leaves it, but follows it through innumerable chan- 
 ges; and varieties of other Scents, even over and in the 
 Water, and into the Earth ? Again, how foon will a 
 Howid Hx his Eye on the bell and fatted Bnck^ of the 
 Hcid, tingle him out, and follow Kim, and him one- 
 Jy, without changing, through a whole Herd of rafcal 
 Game, and leave him not till he kills him ? More- 
 over, 
 
€6e 3l»trotiuctfoit 3 
 
 over, is it not delightful and pleafant to obferve the 
 Dociblcnefs of Dogs, which is as admirable as their 
 Undcrftanding ? For as a right Huntfman knows the 
 Language of his Hounds, fo they know his, and the 
 meaning of their own kinde, as perfe^ly as wc can di- 
 ftinguifli the voices of our friends and acquaintance from 
 fuch as are Grangers. 
 
 Again, howfatisfied is a curious Minde, nay ex- 
 ceedingly delighted, to fee the Game fly before him ! 
 and after that it hath withdrawn itfelf from ins iighr, 
 to fee the whole Line where it hath paffed over, with 
 all the doublings and crofs works which the amazed 
 and afrighted Beaft hath made, recovered af,ain ■■, and 
 all that Maze wrought out by the intelligence which 
 he holds with Dogs! this is moft pleafant, and as it 
 were a Mafter-piece of natural Magick. Afterwards, 
 what Triumph there is to return with Vidory and 
 Spoils, having a good Title both to his Appetite and 
 Repofe ! Neither muft it be omitted, that herein there 
 is an efpecial need to hold a Oridt Rein over our af- 
 fedions, that this Pleafure, which is allowable in its 
 (eafon, may not intrench upon other DomelHcal a^ 
 fairs. There is great danger left we be tranfported 
 with this Paftime, and fo our felves grow Wild, haun- 
 ting the Woods till we refemble the Beafts which a^c 
 Citizens of them i and by continual converfation witb 
 Dogs, become altogether addided to Slaughter and 
 Carnage, which is wholly dilhonourable, being a fer- 
 vile employment. For as it is the privilcdgc of Man^ 
 who is endued with Reafon, and Authorized in the 
 Law of his Creation, to fubdue the Beafts oi the Field i 
 fo to tyrannize over them too much, is brutifti in plain 
 Englilh. 
 
 Miftake me not, I intend this Reflexion not for ths 
 
 Nobility and Gentry of this Nation, whofe expcnce 
 
 of time in this noble £Hid delightful Exercifc can no 
 
 B 3 wayj 
 
4 J^mittrgfCctniKJ. 
 
 ways prejudice their large Poffeffions, lince it is fo far 
 from being very chargeable, that it is exceeding pro- 
 h^able to the bod.ly health of fuch who can difpence 
 
 Families "^ '' "^"^"""^ '"^ '"^"'^ ^° ^^'^^' 
 
 1 might much enlarge my felf in the commendation 
 ot Hunting, but that I am loath to detain you too lon« 
 fTu ^"°^^^^Se o^ ^f^at will make a right and per- 
 ^a Huntfrr^an. I fhall therefore thus conclude : No 
 Muhckcan bemore ravifhingly delightful than a Pack 
 ot Hounds m full Cry, to fuch a man whofe Heart and 
 
 Inft'umen^ ^^^^ '" ^'^'' ^" '^' '""^ '^ fuchcharming 
 
 Hunters Terms. 
 
 B 
 
 Efore we (hall treat of the Method that is to be 
 uled in the obtaining pleafute in the profecutioii 
 ot this Royal Game, it will be very requifite, as an 
 Introdudtion to this Work, firlt to underlland thofe 
 JermsofArt Huntfmen, Forefrers, and Wood - men 
 ufe, when they are difcourfing of their commendable 
 and highly recreative ProfeOion. And iirft, let us con- 
 
 JThkh au Beajis of Fore(l, or Vencry, or Venary, Chafe, and 
 
 Old Foreders and Wood-men, with others well 
 ac^uainred with Hunting, do reckon that there are' 
 hve Beafis of Vcnery, ( that arc alfo called Bealls of 
 Forcft ) which are thefe : the Hart, the Hmde, the 
 Har^, the bear, and Wolf: this is the Opinion of B«- 
 
 d£m 
 
d£U6 likewife, in his Treatife of Thilologie^ fpeaking of 
 the former Beafts, Semper Fore(i£ & VenerU habentur Be- 
 ftU : Thefe (faith he) are always accounted Beafts of 
 Venery and Foreft. 
 
 Some may here objed and fay, Why (liould the Heart 
 and Hinde^ being both of one kinde, be accounted two 
 feveral Hearts ? To this I anfwer, That though they are 
 Bcafts of one kind, yet they are of fevcral feafons : for 
 the Hart hath his fealbn in Summer, and the feafon of 
 the Hinde begins when the Hart's is over. 
 
 Here note, that with the He^r^ is included the Stag^ 
 and all other Red Veer of Antlier. 
 
 There are alfo five wild Beafts that are called Beafts 
 of Chafe i the Bhc}{^ the Doe, the Fox, the Martron^ and 
 the Koe. 
 
 The Beafts and Fowls of Warren, are the Hare^ the 
 Coney^ the Pheafant^ and the Partridge ■> and none other, 
 faith Mr. Manrvood, are accounted Beafts nor Fowls of 
 Warren. 
 
 My Lord Cook^ is of another Opinion, in his Com- 
 mentary on Littleton 233. There be both Beajh and 
 Fon>ls of the Warren^ faith he : Beajls^ as Hares, Co- 
 neys, ««^ Roes : Fovols of trvo forts ^ Terreftres, (and 
 they of two forts) Silveftres, & Campeftres. The firft, 
 Pheafant, Wood - cock, &c. The fecond , Partridge , 
 Quail, Rail, &c. Then Aquatiles, tis Mallard, Hern, 
 &c. 
 
 There is great difference between Beafts of Foreft, 
 and Chafe i the firft are Silveftres taiitum^ the latter 
 Campeftres tantum. The beafts of the Foreft make their 
 abode all the day-time in the great Coverts and fecret 
 places in the Woods i and in the night-feafon they 
 repair into the Lawns, Meadows, Paftures, and plea- 
 Cant- feeding places i and therefore they are called 
 Silveftres , Beafts of the Wood. The Beafts of 
 Chafe do refide all the day-time in the Fields, and 
 
 B 4 '•ipoi* 
 
upon the Hills or high Mountains, where they may fee 
 round about them afar off, to prevent danger ? but up- 
 on nights approach they feed as the reft in Meadows, 
 &c. and therefore thcfe are called Crtw/>e/?r'?/, Beatisof 
 the Field c 
 
 Let us in the next place difcover their Names, Sca- 
 fons, Degrees, and Ages of Foreft or Venery, Chafe 
 and Warren : and becaufe the Han is the moft noble, 
 worthy, and ftatcly Beaft, I (hall place him firlU and 
 p[iuftcalU 
 
 The fir ft year, a Hinde-calf^ or Calf. 
 The fecond year, a Knobber* 
 The third year, a Br/?cJl^. 
 The fourth year, a StaggarJ, 
 The fifth year, a Stag, 
 The fixth year, a Hart, 
 
 If hunted by the King, a Hart Royal, U he ef- 
 cape, and Proclamation be made for his fafe return 
 "without let or detriment, he is then called a Hart Koyd 
 Frociaimed. 
 
 It is a vulgar errour, according to the Opinion of 
 Mr, GuiVinL, to think that a Stag^ of what age foever 
 he be, (hall not be called a Hart till he be hunted by 
 the King or Queen , and thence he (hall derive his 
 Title. Mr. George Ttirbervik faith polltively , he (hall 
 not obtain that Name till he be hunted or killed by a 
 Prince. But late Huntfmen do agree, he may be called 
 a Hart at and after the age of fix years old. 
 
 Now if the King or Qiieen Ihall happen to hunt 
 or chafe him, and he cfcape with life, he (hall ever 
 after be called a Han Royal : But if he fly fo far 
 from the Foreft or Chafe, that it is unlikely he will 
 ever return of his own accord to the place aforcfeid, 
 
 at^.d 
 
and that Proclamation be made in all Towns and Vil- 
 lages thereabouts, that none (hall kill or offend him, but 
 that he may fafely return if he lill i he is then called a 
 Hart Royal Proclaimed, 
 
 The fecond Beaft of Vencry is called a 
 
 Hinde, 
 
 And fhe is called the firft year, a Calf.^ 
 
 The fecond year, a Hearfe-x and fometimes we (ay Broc- 
 
 h;ets Silier^ &cc. 
 The third year, a Hinde. 
 
 The next and third, which by old Forcfters is called 
 the King of all Beafts of Vcnery, is the 
 
 Hare, 
 
 And is called the firft year, a Leveret. 
 The fecond year, a Hare. 
 The third year, a Great Hare. 
 
 The fourth Beaft of Venery is called the 
 
 Wilde-Boar, 
 
 The firft year, he is a Tig of the Sounder. 
 
 The fecond year, he is a Hog. 
 
 The third year, he is a Hogs Steer, 
 
 The fourth year, he is a Boar » at which age, if not be- 
 fore, he leaveth the Sounder^ and then he is called a 
 Singler or Sanglier. 
 
 The fifth and Uft Eeaft of Vcnery is the 
 
 JFalf. The 
 
« fputtteris CcnniJ. 
 
 tin names of tk Beajis of Chafe according to their 
 
 The firft is the 
 
 Buck. 
 
 It is called the firft year, a Fatva, 
 
 The fecond year, a Pricket, 
 
 The ihkd year, a 5'flre/. 
 
 The fourth year, a S'ore. 
 
 The fifth year, a Bnck^of the firfl Hiad, 
 
 The fixth year, a Gre<;i* B«ci^. 
 
 The fecond Bcaft of Chafe is the 
 
 "Doe or Voo, 
 
 She is called the firft year, a F^w;;. 
 The fecond year, a Te^g. 
 The third year, a Pof. 
 
 The third Beaft of Chafe is the 
 
 Fox, 
 
 And is called the firft year, a Cub. 
 
 The fecound year, a Fox, and afterwards an old Fox. 
 
 . Jb* loarth Beaft of Chafe is the 
 
 Martern. 
 
 The firft year, it is called SiCub, * ' 
 
 The fecond year, a Martern. 
 
 The 
 
The fifth and laft Beaft of Chafe is called the 
 
 Koe. 
 
 The firft year, it is called a Kid, 
 
 Thefecond y ear, a G|ir/e. . 
 
 The third year, a Hemufe, a.yk\\\ ' 
 
 The fourth year, a Roe-B^ci^of the fr^ Head. 
 
 The Hfth year, a FairRot-BucI^ 
 
 As for the Beads of the Warren, the H^rc hath been 
 rpcken of already. The Corny is called the firft year a 
 Kabbety and afterwards an old Coney, 
 
 The Seafons of Benfls. 
 
 A Hart or Bm\ beginncth at the end of Fencer 
 Month, which is 1 5 days after Midfummer-A^iy^ and 
 afteth till Holy-rood-di^y . The Fox at Chrifimofj and 
 alieth till the Annwitiation of the Blejfed Virgin. The 
 Hinde or Dt^ebeginneth at Holy-rood-dsiy^ and lafteth till 
 ZandlemAS. The Koe-Buck^ beginneth at Eafter^ and 
 afteth till Mkhaelmts. The Koe beginneth at Michael- 
 ».«•, and lafteth till CandUm,is. The Hare beginneth at 
 MichaelmiH^ and lafteth till the end of February. The 
 eafon of the IFolf is faid to be from Cbrilimjts till the 
 4nnuntiation of the Virgin Mary. Laftly, The Boar be- 
 ms at ChrijimM^ and continues to the Furification of our 
 lady. 
 
 Terms to le ufed for Beajis of 'Fenery and 
 Chafe, as they are in Company one With the 
 other. 
 
 ^ Herd of H.?rfx. 
 
 \ Herd of all manj-.er of Veti-. 
 
 A 
 
A Bevy of Rw. 
 
 A Sounder of Sthine. 
 
 A Rout of JVolves, 
 
 A Richefs of Marternr, 
 
 A Brace or Lcafe of Bwi^. 
 
 A Brace or Leafe of F<»;ee/. 
 
 A Brace or Leafe of H»rf/. 
 
 A Couple of Rabbets, 
 
 A Couple o( C*neys, » 
 
 Terms far their Lodging, 
 
 A Hart Harboureth. 
 
 A B«ci^ Lodgeth. 
 
 ARoeBeddeth. 
 
 A Hare Seateth, or Formeth. 
 
 A Coney Sittcth. 
 
 A Fox Kennelleth. 
 
 A Martern Treeth. 
 
 An Otter Watcheth. 
 
 A Badger Eartheth. 
 
 A Boar Coucheth. 
 
 Terms for their Dipdging^ 
 
 Unharbour the Hart^ 
 Rouze the Buck^ 
 Start the Hare, 
 Bolt the Coney. 
 Unkennel the Fox. 
 Tree the Martern. 
 Vent the Otter. 
 Dig the Badger, 
 Rear the Boar. 
 
 Terms 
 
punter Cettttji* " 
 
 rtrmsfoT their Noife at Kutting time. 
 
 \H^r/ Belleth. 
 
 \ B«cil^ Growneth or Troateth. 
 
 (\ Roe Belloweth. 
 
 ^ Hare Beateth or Tappeth, 
 
 An Otter Whineth. 
 
 A Boar Freameth. 
 
 AFoxBarketh. 
 
 A Badger Shricketh, 
 
 A ^olf Howkih. 
 
 AGtf^rRatleth. 
 
 terms for CofttUtiom 
 
 A Hart or Buc\%ot\\\ to Ruf. 
 
 A RoegocthtoTourn. 
 
 A Bojr goeth to Brim. 
 
 A Hare and Coney goeth to Buck. 
 
 AFoxgoethtoClickiiting. 
 
 A ^^o// goeth to Match or to Make. 
 
 An Otter hunteth'for his Kindc. 
 
 terms for the Tooting and treading of aU Beajis 
 of Venery and Chafe, 
 
 OfaHjr*, the Slot. 
 
 Of a B«4and all Fahr, Veer, the View. 
 
 Of all Peer, if on the Grafs, and fcarce vifible, then it is 
 
 Oiffolt^^i\^i '. and other fui:h Veroiin, the Foot. 
 
 ing. 
 Of an 0«er, the Marks. 
 
 OfaB(ji»r,theTraa:. ' , ^^„ FJ^U 
 
 Of a Hare, diverdy i for when the is in open Field ^, 
 
'J'erms of the TaiL 
 
 Of a H^rf, Buck, or other D^fv f hf q;«^i 
 Of a W, the Wreath. ' ' ^'"^^'• 
 
 Of a Fox, the Brufh or Drag ; anri tU. T- 
 
 end is called the Chape ^ *"' ^'P '^ ^^^^ 
 
 Ofaf^.//, the Stern. 
 Of a H^re and Q/yc);, the Scut. 
 
 Tterms for their Ordwe, 
 
 '^&^. ""'''^^ * ^"^ "' '2"'" fi-* Vermin, 
 OfanO/^er,theSpraints. 
 
 terms for the Attire ofBea. 
 
 rnrce or tour, the Crotches being plac'd aloft all 
 
 of 
 
©Tone height, are called Crown'd Heads. Heads ha- 
 ving doubling Croches, are called Forked Heads, be- 
 cafe the Croches are planted on the top of the Beam 
 like Forks. 
 
 If you are asked what a Stag bears, you are onely 
 to reckon Croches he bears, and never to exprefs an 
 cxlde number : As, if he hath four Croches on his near 
 Horn, and five on his far, you muft fay, he beareth ten, 
 a falfe Right on his near Horn (for all that the Beam 
 bears are called Rights.) If but four on the near Horn, 
 and fix on the far Horn, you muft fay he bears twelve, 
 a double falfe Right on the near Horn i for you muft 
 not onely make the number even, but alfo the Horns e- 
 ven with that diftindion. 
 
 When a Hart breaketh Herd, and draweth to the 
 Thickets or Coverts, we ufually (ay he taketh his Hold, 
 or he goeth to Harbour. 
 
 All kind of Veers fat is called Sewit ; and yet you 
 may fay , This Deer was a high Deer of Greafe. The 
 fat of a Boar is called Greafe. The fat of a Roe onely 
 is called Heavy Greafe. 
 
 We fay the Veer is broken up. The Fox and Hare is 
 cafed 
 
 VA Litter of C«^/. 
 It is i^Nei{ of Rabbets, 
 .CA Squirrels Dray. 
 
 Venifon, or Venaifon, is fo called, from the means 
 whereby the Beafts are taken, qmniam ex Venatione cap- 
 untur '•) and being hunted, are moft wholfome. 
 
 Beafts of Venary (not Venery, as fome ciall it) are fo 
 termed, becaufe they are gotten by Hunting. 
 
 No Beaft of the Forelt that is folivagam & mcivum 
 is Venifon, as the Fox^ the Wolf^ the Martin^ becaufe 
 they arc no meat. The Bear is no Venifon, becaufe 
 not onely that he is Animal nocivum & folivagam > 
 
 but 
 
14 ipuntet^ €erm0. 
 
 but becaufe he is ho beaft of the Foreft, and whatfo=« 
 ever is Venifon rauft be a beaft of the Foreft i fed non k 
 converfo. On the other fide » Animalia gregalia non 
 funt nociva, as the Wilde Boar j for naturally the Hrft 
 three years he is Animal gregale i and after trufting to 
 his own ftrength, and for the pleafure of man, becom- 
 cth Splivagum, He is then called Sanglicr, becaufe he 
 is Singulam : but he is Venifon, and to be eaten. The 
 Hare is Venifon too, which Martial preferreth before all 
 others* 
 
 Inter ^adfupedes gloria prima Lepof, 
 
 So are the Ked-Deer and FaVovp-Vesr Venifon : ridt 
 Cdo/^Inft. 4. pag. 5 1 6, Give me leave to infert here 
 out of the fame Author two Conclufions in the Law of 
 the Foreft, which follow from hence. Firft, Whatfo" 
 ever Beaft of the Forell is for the food of man, that is 
 Venifon : and therewith agrecth Virgil^ defcribing of a 
 Feaft, 
 
 Implentur Veterit Bacchi pingaifque fgrin£. 
 
 They had their belly full of Old Wine and Fat Veni- 
 fon. So Venifon was the principal Difti of the Fealh 
 Secondly, Whatfoever Bealt is not for the food of 
 man, is not Venifon. Therefore Capriulus^ or the Koe^ 
 being no Beaft of the Foreft, is by the Law of the 
 Foreft no Venifon unlefs Hunted. Nature hath en- 
 dewed the Beaitsofthe Foreft with two qualities, Swift- 
 nefs, and P>ar s and their Fear increafcth their Swift- 
 ncfs. 
 
 Vedihm timor addidit aUf, 
 
 Virt Is any thing tiut beaieth green Leaf, but efpc- 
 cially of great and thick Coverts, and is derived ayiru' 
 
 ditjte. 
 
dltate. Vert is of divers kinds i fome that bearcth 
 Fruit that may fervc for food both for man and beafts, 
 as ServiCe-trces, Nftt- trees. Crab-trees, &c. and for the 
 fhelter and defence of the Game. Some called Haut- 
 hoys ferving for Food and brovvfe of and for the Game, 
 and ^or the defence of them ; as Oaks, Beeches, &c. 
 borne Hautboys for Browfe, Shelter, and Defence onely ', 
 ILs^fhes PopJars,^c. Of Sub-bays, fome for Browfe 
 atid Food of the Game, and for Shelter and Defence i 
 as Maples,8cc. Some for Browfe and Defences as 
 Birch, Sallow, milow, &c. Some for Shelter and De* 
 fence onely •, as Elder, Ald^r, &c. Of BuOies and other 
 Vegetables, fome for Food and Shelter, as the Htw-thor^u 
 Black:thorn,8cc. Some for hiding and (lielter, as Brakes, 
 Gorfi, Heath^Scc. Vert, as I faid, comes a Vhidi i thence 
 ymdant, becaufe their Office is to look after the prefer- 
 vationof ther^r^ which in truth is the prefervatlon of 
 Venifon. 
 
 Terms for Flaying, Stripping, and Cafvig of 
 all manner of CHASES, 
 
 The Hart and all manner of Vscr are (lain : Huntf- 
 men commonly fay, Take off that Deer's Skin. The 
 Hare IS Stripped or Gafed •, and fo is the Boar too, ac- 
 cording to the opinion of the Antients. The Fox, the 
 Badger, and all manner of Vermin are cafed, beginning 
 at the Snout or Nofe of the Beaft, and fo turn his Skin 
 over his Ears down to the Body till you come to the 
 
 Tropcr Terms far the Noifs of Hound r. 
 
 When Hounds are firft cart off, and find fome Gams 
 
 or Chafe, we fay They Challenge. If they are too bufie 
 
 before tliey hnd the fcent good, we fay, They Barvl. If 
 
 ^ they 
 
1 6 "^mxti^ %znx[^. 
 
 they be foo bufie after they find good fcent, We fay, 
 7hey Babble. If they run it end- ways orderly, makuig 
 it good, and then hold in together merrily, we fay, they 
 are in full Cry. When Spaniels open in the ftring, Cor a 
 Grey-hound in his courfe) we fay, 7bcy Lapfe. When 
 Hounds hang behinde, and beat too much upon the 
 fcent or phce, we fay, 7hy Plod. And when they have 
 either Earthed a Virmin, or brought a Veer, Boar, or 
 fuch-like to turn head againft them, then we fay, ihey 
 Bay. 
 
 Different Terms for Hounds and Grey-hounds, 
 
 Of Grey-hounds, two make a Brace \ of Hounds, a 
 CoHpk. Of Grey- hounds, three rhake a Leace i and of 
 Hounds, a Couple and half. 
 
 We let flip a Grey - hound, and caft off a Hound* 
 The firing wherewith we lead a Grey-hound, is called 
 a Leace i and for a Hound, a Lyome. The Grey-hound 
 hath his Collar, and the Hound hath KisCoitples, We 
 lay , a Kennel cf Hounds, and a Pack of Beagles. 
 Some other differences there are, but thefe are the molt 
 ufual. 
 
 where we find Veer have lately paffed into Thickets, 
 &c. by which we guefs their greatnefs, and then put 
 the Hounds or Beagles thereto for the View, we account 
 (uch places Entries, 
 
 The ImprelTion where any Veer hath repofed or har- 
 boured, we call a Layr. 
 
 When the Hounds or Beagles Wt the fcent of their 
 Chafe contrary , as to hit it up the wind when they 
 Ihould it down, we then fay, they Vraxp amiji. 
 
 When the Hounds or Beagles take fre(h fcent, hunt- 
 ing another Chafe, until they (tick and hit it again , we 
 fay, they Hunt Change. 
 
 When the Hound's or Beagles hunt it by the Heel, wc 
 idL^ythcyHmit Counter, When 
 
When the Ghafc goes off, and comes on again tra- 
 verfing the fame ground, to deceive the Hounds or 
 Beagles, we fay, rhey H^mt the Foil. 
 
 When we fet Hounds in readinefs where we cxpcd 
 the Vm- will come by, and then calt them off when the 
 either Hounds are pafs'd by, we account that a Relr.v. 
 
 When Hounds or Beagles have rinilh'd their Chafe by 
 the death of what they purfued, and then in rebuijalarc 
 ted by the hands of the Huntfman or odiers, we call 
 tnat their Reward. 
 
 Hiu.tfmen when they go drawing in their SpriiTPs 
 at R/r^-Hunting, ufually make Dew-rounds, which we 
 CzW Ri^igivalkj. 
 
 . When any Deer is hard hunted, and then b-takcs 
 InmleU to fwiminir.g in ar,y River, j^c. then we fay, lie 
 tikes Soyl. ■" 
 
 When Veer cali their Horns,- we Cj^y, they M^. 
 
 7uu ^^^"^ ^'^^^ ^^ ^ Falbr^^lJcn is called P/-/^ 
 
 When Huntfmen endeavour to find a Han by the Slot, 
 &c. and then ti}inde his fl'ep to kncav whether he is 2rcat 
 
 \m^' ^hcy then fay, they know hiin by his Gate. 
 
 When Pwrubandpulh their heads againll Trees to 
 caule the Pills ot their new Horns come off we fav thev 
 r ray. .■> J 
 
 When Veer, after being hard run, turn head aeaihft 
 the Hounds, we fay, they Bay. 
 
 When Hounds or Beagles run long without openino; 
 oi making any cry, we fay, they run Muie, 
 
 When Hounds or Beagles at hilt hnding the fcenf of 
 CW/S""^ P^^^^»^'y ^P'^" and cry, we then (ay, the/ 
 
 ^ When Hounds run at a whole Herd of Veer, we fav, 
 they Run Riot, " ' 
 
 When the Hounds touch the fcent, and draw on till 
 hey rou.e or put up the Chafe, we fay, they Vra^ on 
 we blot, 
 
 <^ 2 When 
 
1 8 l^untttsi Ccctti^* 
 
 When a J?(je crolTes and doubles, it is caUccl Trajdning, 
 
 When a Hare, as fometimcs (ihough fclclom) takes 
 the ground like a Coney^ wc then (ay, (he Gow to the 
 Vault. 
 
 When wc beat the Bulhes, &c, after the FoXy we call 
 it Drarving. 
 
 When a Hjr« runs on rotten ground, or in a Froft 
 fometimes, and then it (\icks to her Feet, we fay, (he 
 Carryeth. 
 
 When the Fox hath young ones in her, we fay, (he 
 is rptthCuh. 
 
 When Beagles bark and ay at their Prey, we fay, 
 they Team. 
 
 A Red Male Heart of an year old, is called a ^/?///cr. 
 
 A Kayii'Veer^ is a bea(\ like an Hearty but hath his 
 Head fuller of Antliers. 
 
 A Prick^r^ is a Huntfman on Horfe-back. 
 
 Engines that we take Veer withal, are called Wiles, 
 
 When we (et Hounds or Beagles in readinefs, expe- 
 cting the Chafe to come by, and then ca(t them off be* 
 fore the reft come in, we call it a Vawulay. 
 
 When Hounds or Beagles find where the Ghafe hath 
 been, and made a proffer to enter, but returned, we fay, 
 there is a Blemijh, 
 
 Wc fiy Hott^ to a Veer. 
 
 When we Hart a Hare, we fay, that^that^ or TkrCy 
 there. 
 
 The Call, a LeiTon blowed on the Horn to comfoit 
 the Hounds. 
 
 A Kechtat, a Ltffon likewife blown on the Horn. 
 Tlie Mort QtVeatb, is blown at the death of any Veer, 
 There are feveral other LefTons, which you may rind in 
 the Sculpture of Notes for blowing on the Horn. 
 
 There are feveral Hour-ds and Beagles which wc 
 have different Titles fori as Gaze-hound, Blood-hound, 
 Staunch-hound, Harrier, and Tcriier, &c. But we ge- 
 nerally 
 
?)unter«E( Cerm^* ip 
 
 ncrally in all our Kennels and Packs rank them under 
 thefe heads ; Enteren^ Drivers^ Flyers^ ly^^^i ^^' 
 
 And now to conclude our difcourfe of general Terms 
 at this place, give us leave to infcrt, for fuch young 
 Gentlemen as in time may keep a Kennel, fome ufual 
 Names ot Hounds and Beagles. 
 
 ACATALOGUEof fomc general Names 
 o F 
 
 Hounds and Beagles. 
 
 B Anger 
 Beauty 
 Blue-man 
 Blue' cap 
 Eoman 
 Bonny 
 Bouncer^ 
 
 Captiin 
 
 Capper 
 
 Chanter 
 
 Comteji 
 
 Cryer 
 
 C£jar, 
 
 Vido 
 
 'Driver 
 
 Drunkard 
 
 DrHmmer. 
 
 Damofel 
 
 "Darling 
 
 Dutchefl, 
 
 Danctr 
 
 Vaphnu 
 
 Fancy 
 
 Fidler 
 Flippant 
 Flurry 
 Fuddle, 
 
 Gallant 
 Gawdy* 
 
 Heaor, 
 
 Juggler 
 
 Jen>el 
 
 Jocky 
 
 Jenny 
 
 Joler 
 
 JoUyboy 
 
 Jupiter 
 
 Juno. 
 
 Keep/r 
 Kilbucki 
 
 Lively 
 
 lively 
 
 Cj 
 
 Lady 
 
 Lilly 
 Lillups. 
 
 Madam, 
 
 Maulkin 
 
 Merryboy 
 
 Mop fie 
 Motley 
 Muficki 
 
 Nancy 
 Nader, 
 
 Plunder 
 Tleafant 
 Pluto, 
 
 Kochrpood 
 
 Kingwood 
 
 Rover 
 
 Kanter 
 
 Katler 
 
 Kuler 
 
 Ranger 
 
 Koy. 
 
20 
 
 Kapper 
 Kuffler. 
 
 Spanker 
 
 Sifjgn>el 
 
 Srveetlipj 
 
 Smtndvpel 
 
 Stately. 
 
 Troler 
 
 llmndiT 
 
 7bUbe 
 
 Tritefcent 
 Trycr, 
 
 Venus 
 
 Vulcan 
 
 Violet. 
 
 'Iructove. 
 
 Trickier 
 
 Tattler 
 
 Tulip 
 
 Truelips 
 
 Touchjione 
 
 Traveller 
 
 Tracer 
 
 Touler 
 
 Tuncivel 
 
 Ijdingf 
 
 Trou'icer 
 
 Truiiy 
 
 Wanton 
 Wnndcr 
 IVinder 
 IVhipjler, 
 
 Tcrkcr 
 loUnh^r. 
 
 Some other Terms and Defcriptions relating more 
 particularly to ForeH and f ore fl- Laws. 
 
 A Forell^ is a place priviledgcd by Royal Authority, 
 jTS and differs from Park, Wancn, and Chafe, and 
 is on purpofe allotted for the peaceable abiding and 
 nourifhment of the Beafts and Fowls thereto belonging. 
 For which there ate certain peculiar Laws, Officers, and 
 Orders i part of which appear in the Great Cliarter of 
 the Foreft. 
 
 A Forejicr^ is an Officer of the Forert, fworn to pre- 
 fcrve the Vert ar,d Venifoo therein, and to attend the 
 wild hearts within his Bailiwick, and to watch, and 
 endeavour to keep them fafe by day and night. He is 
 likewifc to apprehend all Offenders in Vert and Veni- 
 fon, and to prefent them to the Courts of the Fored, 
 to the end they may be puniChed according to their of- 
 fences, 
 
 A 
 
A Turlieu^ is all that ground adjoyning to Forefts, 
 which being made Foreft by Henry the fecond, Richard 
 thefirft, or King J(?/;a7, were ^by perambulations gran- 
 ted by Henry the third, and fevered again from the 
 fame. 
 
 A Purlieu-mzn, is he that hath ground within the 
 Turlieu^ and hath 40 s, a year Free-hold s and fuch a 
 one with fome caution may hunt within his own Fitv- 
 lieu, 
 
 A Kegarder, is an Officer of the Kings Foreft, that i? 
 fworn to take care of the Vert and Venifon, and to view 
 and enquire of all the offences committed within the 
 Foreft, and of all the Concealments of them •, and 
 whether all other Officers do execute their Office or 
 not. 
 
 TFoodgeld, is the gathering or cutting of Wood in 
 the Foreft, or the money paid for it to the ufe of the 
 Forefters i or an Immunity for this by the King's 
 Grant. 
 
 A Kamger^ In fome Forefts there are twelve Kaun-^ 
 gert^ whofe Offices are to Jook after the Purlieu^ and 
 drive back the wild Beafts into the Foreft again i and to 
 fee, hear, and enquire of offenders there, and to piefcnt 
 their offences. 
 
 A Verderor^ is an Officer of the King's Foreft, and 
 chofen by the Free-holders of the County where the 
 Foreft is, by the Kings Writ directed to the Sheriff for 
 that purpofe. Their Office is chiefly to look after the 
 Wood and Grafs in the Foreft. 
 
 An Agijior^ is an Officer of the Foreft that takes in 
 to feed the Cattle of Strangers, and receives for the 
 Kings ufe all fuch tack -Money as becomes due from 
 thofe Strangers. 
 
 A Chafe^ is a place ufed for the receipt of Deer 
 
 and Beafts of the Foreft : It differs from a Foreft and 
 
 Park. It may be in the hands of a Subje(5t, which a 
 
 G f, Foreil 
 
Foreft in its proper nature cannot be. Neither is itin- 
 clofed as a Park always is , and it hath a larger coHnpafs, 
 more ibre of Game, and more Keepers and Over- 
 feers, 
 
 ExpeJitate^ is (C^Uh Mr. Crompton) the cutting out 
 the bill of the Foot of great Dogs in the Fore!t j but 
 (faith Mr, Mj/iwood) it is the cutting off the three 
 fore-Claws by the Skin •, and that the owne,r of every 
 fuch Dog, unexpeditated in the Forert, (hall forfeit 3 j. 
 
 Fence Months hath 3 1 days, begins 1 5 days before 
 Midpfmmer^ and ends 15 days after: In which time it 
 is unlawful for <iny to hunt in the Foreft, or to go a- 
 rpongft the Veer to diiquict them i becaufe it is the time 
 cf Fawning. 
 
 Frank^Chafe^ is a liberty of free Chafe in a Circuit 
 annexed to a Foreft, whereby all men that have ground 
 wirhin the circuit are forbidden to cut down Wood, or 
 difcover,d''<:- within the view of the Forelkr, though it 
 be his own Demefne, 
 
 Green-hiie, or Vert, they both fignifie one thing , 
 it being every thing that doth drow and bear green 
 Leaf within the Foreft, that may cover and hide the 
 Deer, 
 
 Over Vert, is all manner of high Wood. 
 
 Nether Vert, is all forts of under-wood. Brulhwood 
 is called Cablifb. 
 
 Horngeld, is a Tax within the Foreft for all manner 
 of horned beafts. 
 
 Footgeld, is an Amercement on fuch as live within 
 the Foreft, for not expeditating their Dogs. And to 
 be quit of Footgeld , is a privikdgc to keep Dogs 
 thefe Unlawed without Puni(hment or Controlc- 
 ment, 
 
 Parpnage, is Money taken by the Agiftors for the 
 feed of Hogs with the Mart of the Kings's Foreft \ 
 
 hut 
 
but ( Mr. Crompton faith) it is moft properly the Maft, 
 Woods, Lands, or hedgM Rows, or Money due to the 
 owncrsof thefamcfor it. , 
 
 A Scotale^ is where any Officer of the Foreft doth keep 
 an Ale-houfein the Forell by colour of his Office, caufing 
 men to come to his Houfe, and to fpend their tt'oney 
 there for fear o^ having difpleafure i but this is forbid- 
 den by Charts Forejf. 
 
 Perambulation^ is the admeafurement and fetting 
 down of Bounds and Limits to the Foreft. 
 
 Drift of the Forcji^ is an exaft view and exannination 
 taken at certain times, as occafion ftiall ferve, to know 
 what bealh are there i that none Coinraon there but ^ 
 fuch as have right \ and that the Foreft be not over- 
 charged with the beafts of Forreigners, 
 
 An AJfart^ is a great otfence committed in the Fo- 
 reft, by grubbing up the Woods, Coverts, and Thic- 
 kets, and making them plain as Arable Land, or the 
 like. 
 
 Minoverie^ is a Trefpafs or Off:;nce committed by 
 fome Engine fet up in the Foreft to catch Veer, or the 
 like. 
 
 tritii^ is a freedom that one hath from holding a 
 Grey-hound in ones hand when the Lord of the Foreft 
 is hunting there, or to be amerced for his default. 
 
 Prtitoforefiariuf , was a great Officer heretofore in 
 W}ndfor Foreft. 
 
 Stablejiandy is when one is foui^d ftanding in the 
 Foreft with his Bow ready bent to ftioot at any Veer or, 
 with his Grey-hound in a Leafe ready to flip. 
 
 Swainmote, or Sn^anaimote , is a Court appointed 
 to be held thrice in a year within a Foreft? the firft, 
 15 days before MiQhaelmas '■> the fecond, about Mctr- 
 tinrriMt and the third, 15 days before Sujohn Ba^ 
 tijl 
 
 Clsiminage^ is taken by Forefters in fee throughout 
 
 their 
 
24 SDf Dogjaf. 
 
 their Bailiwick for Bufhes, Timber, &c. and fignifies the 
 fame with Toll. 
 
 Jfforef}^ is to turn Land intoForell. 
 
 Vifcifforeji^ is to turn Land from being Foreft to o 
 ther ufes. 
 
 Let what hath been faid be fufficient for an Introda- 
 <9:ion, and let us conclude it with a perfwalion to all 
 generous Souls not to flight this nnble and worthy Ex- 
 ercife, ("wherein is contained fo much health and plea-r 
 fure ) For the hefotting Senfualitlcs, and wicked De- 
 {jaucheries of a City, in which the courfe of Nature (eems 
 to be inverted, Day turnM into Night, and Night into 
 Day \ where there is little other Recreation but what 
 Women, Wine, and a Bawdy Flay can afford them -,: 
 whereby, for want of Labour and Exercife, Mens Bo- 
 dies contain as many Difeafes as are in a fickly Hofpi- 
 tal. . 
 
 0/ D O G S in ^nexal. 
 
 AS tli^re is no Country in the World wherein there 
 is not plenty of Dogs, fo no Animal can boail: ot 
 greater variety both in fhape and kind- 
 Some Dogs are very great, as the //-Vf-dog, which , 
 is (haped like a Grey-hound, but by much taller, lon- 
 ger, and thicker i fome are for the B«c/;^, others for 
 the "Boat^ Bear^ and Bull i fome for the Htre^ Coneys 
 and Hedge-hog > fome are both for Wata and Land, 
 and they are called Spaniels i other are called Lur- 
 chers, Tumblers, Brachers, Beagles, &c. As for Shepr 
 herds Dogs, foifling Curs, and fuch whom fome fond 
 Ladies make their daily , nay nightly Companions 
 * too. 
 
loo, I (ball pafs over, being neither worthy to be in- 
 (erted in this Subjed, nor agreeable thereunto : where- 
 fore I (hall onely treat of fuch whofe natures do in- 
 cline them to Ganne, for mans Paftime and P^ecreati- 
 on. 
 
 In the firfi: place, let u« confider the Nature of Dogs 
 in general, wherein they agree, an4 their corrimon 
 properties of Nature, fuch as are not deftroyed in the 
 di'lindtion of kinds, but reniaio like infallible Truths,, 
 and invariable in every kind and Country through the 
 Univcrfe, Dogs (as it is to be obferved) are gene- 
 rally rough i and their Hair indifferently long fwhich 
 in Wintcrr they lofe every year) is a figne of a good 
 conlHtution i but if it grow? over-long, the Mange will 
 follow. The outward proportion of the Head altereth 
 as the kind aUereth, haying no commiifure or feam 
 in the Skull, beiog a copitinued bone without feparati- 
 pn. 
 
 The befi Dogs (in Pliny^s Opinion; have flat Noftrils, 
 yet round, folid, ajid blunt ; Their Teeth are like Saws, 
 which they change in the fourth month of their age : and 
 by them is their age difccrncd i for while they are white 
 and (harp, it difcovers the youth of a Dog i but vjhen 
 they grow blackilh or dusky, broken and. torn, they dc- 
 monltrate the cider age. 
 
 The Brcalt of a Dog is narrow, fois his Ventricle : 
 for which caufe he is always in pain in the difchargirig his 
 Excrements. 
 
 After they have run a Courfe, they relieve tliemfelves 
 by tumbling and rowling to and fro. When they Ue 
 down, they turn round in a circle two or three times to- 
 gether i wiiich they do for no other caufe, but that 
 they may the more commodioufly lie round, and from 
 the Wind. 
 
 Jn their fleep they often dream, as may appear by 
 thei{ barking. Here obfeive, that they who love to 
 
 keep 
 
keep Dogs, muft have a fpecial care that they let them 
 not rteep too much, cfpecially after their Meat, when 
 they are young : for as they are very hot, fo in their 
 fleepdoih their heat draw much pain into their Sto- 
 mack and Ventricle. The time of their Copulatiooi 
 is for the moft part at a year old i yet the Femalesi 
 will lua after it fooner i but they (hould be reftraincdi 
 from it, becaufe it debilitates their Body, and dullsi 
 their Generofity. After the expiration of a year, 
 they may be permitted to copulate i it matters not 
 whether in Winter or Summer, but it is beft in the 
 beginning of the Spring : but with this caution, that 
 Whelps of a Litter, or of one and the fame Bitch, be 
 never fuffered to couple •, for Nature delights in varie- 
 ty- 
 
 In antient time, for the more ennobling of their race 
 of Dogs, they would not permit them to ingcnder 
 till the Male was four year old, and the Female three i 
 for by that means the Whelps. would prove more 
 itrong^and lively. By Hunting, Labour, and TravcJ, 
 the Males arc made more fit for Generation, and they 
 prove bert which have their Siers of equal age. When 
 they grow proud, give them Leaven mingled with 
 Milk and Salt, and they will not (iray and ramble a- 
 broad. 
 
 It is not good to preferve the firft or fecond Litter^ 
 but the third : and after they have littered, it is good to 
 give the Bitch Whey and Barley-bread i for that will 
 comfort her, and increafc her Milk : or take the Bones 
 of broken Meat, apd feeth them in Goats-Mi'k i which 
 nutriment will Hrengthen very much both Dam and 
 Whelps. 
 
 There is no great regard to be had as to the Food 
 of a Dog, for he will eat any thing but the Fle(h of 
 his own kinde \ for that cannot be fo drefled by the 
 art of Man, but they find it out by their Nofe, and 
 
 a- 
 
avoid it. U is good to let the Whelps fuck two 
 Months before they be weaned, and that of their own 
 Dam. 
 
 Put Cummin now and then in their bread, it will 
 cure or prevent Wind in their bellies i and if Oyl be 
 mingled with that Water they lap, they will prove 
 more able and fwift to run. If he refufe and loath 
 his Meat , give him a little hot Bread , or dip brown 
 Bread in Vinegar, and fqeeze the liquor thereof into his 
 Nofc, and it will eafe him. 
 
 There is fome difficulty tochufe a Whelp under the 
 Dam that will prove the beft of the Litter. Some 
 obferve that which feeth lalt, and take that for the 
 bert : others remove the Whelps from the Kennel, 
 and lay them feveral and apart one from the other > 
 then watch they which of them the Bitch firlt taketh 
 and carrieth into her Kennel again , and that they 
 take f'T the bell \ or elfe that which vomiteth laft of 
 all. Some again give for a certain rule to know the 
 beft, that the fame which weigheth le4(t while it fuck- 
 cth will prove the belt, according to the Verfes of Nc' 
 mtfian : 
 
 Fondere nam Catuli poterU perptndert virif^ 
 Corporibtffque Uves gravibuf pernofcere cur fa. 
 
 But this is certain, that the lighter Whelp will prove the 
 fwifter, and the heavier will be the ftronger. 
 
 As foon as as the Bitch hath littered, it is requifite te» 
 chufc them you intend topreferve, and throw away the 
 rcrt : keep the black, brown, or of one colour, for the 
 fpotted are not much to be accounted of ., but of Hounds, 
 rpotted are to be valued. 
 
 There is not any Creature irrational, more loving 
 to his Malter, nor more fcrviceable than a Dog, cn- 
 ikring blows from his hands, and ufing no other means 
 
 to 
 
28 ^fDOtJ0. 
 
 to pacifie his difpleafure, than Humiliation and profln- 
 tioni and after beating, turneth a Revenge into a more: 
 fervent Love. Irrational, did I fay, > I may miliake, if 
 'vthiK. JElianiis reports be true, who thought Dogs have; 
 Reafon, and ufe Logick in their Hunting , for they vt-ill 
 caft about for the Game, as a Difputaot doth for the 
 truth •, as \i they fliould fay, the Hare is gone either oti 
 the leh hand, the right, or (Haight forward ; but not oiii 
 the left or right, Therefore Itraight forward. Where- 
 upon he runneth forthright after the true and infallible' 
 footfteps of the Hare. 
 
 0/ Do G s for Hunting. Of tlie Homd Raclid ' 
 and S L u T H - H o u N l>, fo called in 
 - Scotland , and hy the . Germans- 
 SCHLATHUND. 
 
 'T^Here are in 'England and Scotland two kindes oi 
 i Hunting -Dogs, and no where elfe in ail the 
 World : The firft kind is called Am Kache, and this is 
 a Foot-fcenting creature both of wild Bealls, Birds, 
 and Fifties alfo, which lie hid among the Rocks : the 
 Female hereof in England ii called a Brachc. A Brach , 
 is a mannerly name for all Hound - Birches. The fe- 
 condin Scotland is called z Sluth-hnund, being a lit- 
 tle greater than the Hunting-Hound, and in colour 
 for the moft part brown or (andy fpotted. The fenfe 
 of Smelling isfo quick in thefc, that chey can follow the 
 Foot-aeps of Thieves, and purfue them with violence 
 until they overtake them : nay, Ihould the Thief take the 
 Water, fo eager they are in their purfuit, that they wiJI 
 fwim after them ; and are reftlefs till they find the 
 thing they feek after : For this is common in the Border"? 
 
of England 3ind Scotland^ where the people were wont to 
 live much upon Theft : and if the Dog brought his Lea- 
 der to any houfe where they may not be fuff^red to en- 
 ter, they take it for granted that there is botji the ftoleti 
 Goods, and the Thief alfo. 
 
 Of the B L o o D - H o u N D. 
 
 THe Blood-hound differeth nothing in quality from 
 the Scotifh Sluth«hound, faving that they are more 
 largely fized, and not always of one and the fame co- 
 lour : for tlicy are fometimes Red, Sanded, Black, 
 White, Spotted, and of all colours with other Hounds, 
 but raoft commonly either brown or red. 
 
 The Germans call this beaft Langhund^ becaufe their 
 Ears are long, thin, and hanging down i and they dif- 
 fer not from vulgar Dogs in any other outward propor- 
 tion, than onely in their Cry and Barking. Their na- 
 ture is, being fet on by the voice and words of their Lea- 
 der, to caft about for the fitting of the preTent Camei 
 and having found it, will never ceafe purfuing it with 
 full cry, till it is tired, without dianging for any other. 
 They feldome bark, except in their Chafe, and are 
 very obedient and attentive to the Voice of the Lea- 
 der. 
 
 They which are white, are faid to be the quickelt 
 fcented, and fureft Nos'd, and therefore beli for the 
 Hare : The black ones for the Boar ^ and the red for 
 the Hart and Koe. This is the Opinion of fome, but 
 none of mine i becaufe their colour C efpccially the 
 latter ) are too like the Game they Hunt : although, 
 there can be nothing certain collected of their colour, 
 yet is the black Hound hardier, and better able to 
 endure cold than the other which is white. They 
 
 muit 
 
3© SDf DO01EJ* 
 
 muft be t!e<3 up till they hunt, yet fo as they be let 
 loofe now and then a little to cafe their Bellies i for it 
 is nccefTiry that their Kennel be kept fweet and dry* 
 It is queftionable how to dilcern a Hound of excel- 
 lent fenfe : yet feme are of the Opinion that the fquarc 
 and flat Nofe is the belt figne thereof j likewife 
 a fmall Head, having all his Legs of equal length s his 
 Breall not deeper than his Belly, and his Back plain to 
 his Tail i his Eyes quick, his Ears hanging long i his 
 Tail nimble, and the beak of his Nofe always to the 
 Earth i and efpecially fuch as are molt filent, and bark 
 kaft» 
 
 Contlder now the divers and variable difpofitions of 
 Hounds in their finding out the Beaft. Some are of 
 that nature, that when they have found the Game, 
 they will Itand Itill till the Huutfman come up, to 
 whom in lilence, by their Face, Eye, and Tail, they 
 fhcw the Game : others, when they have found the 
 foot-fteps ,^ go forward without any voice or other 
 (hew of Ear or Tail : Another fort when , when they 
 have found the footings of the Bealt, prick up their 
 Ears a little, and either bark or wag their Tails i 
 and others will wag their Tails , and not move their 
 Ears. 
 
 There are fome again that do none of thefe , but 
 wander up and down barking about the furelt marks, 
 and confounding their own toot-lteps with the Beafts 
 they hunts orelfe forfakc the way , and fo run back 
 again to the hrlt hcadi but when they fee the Hare^ 
 are affraid, not daring to come near her, except (he Hart 
 firft. Thefe, with the other which hinder the cun~ 
 ning labours of their Collragues, trulling to their Feet, 
 and running before their betters, deface the belt mark, 
 or elfe hunt counter, and take up any falfe fcent for 
 the truth j or, which is more leprehenfible, never for- 
 fakc the High-ways, and yet have not learned to be 
 
 filent 
 
Client : Unto thefe you may alfo adde thofe which can- 
 not difccrn the Footing or Pricking of a H^re, yet will 
 they run fpecdy when they fee her, purfuing her hot- 
 ly in the beginning, and afterwards tire, or hunt lazi- 
 ly. All thefe are not (o be admitted into a Kennel of 
 good Hounds. 
 
 On the contrary, thofe Hounds which are good 
 when they have found the Hare^ make (hew thereof to 
 the Huntfman, by running more fpeedily, and with 
 gefture of Head, Eyes, Ears, and Tail, winding to the 
 Fourm or Hares Mufc, never give over profecution with 
 a gallant noife : they have good and hard Feet- and 
 fiately Stomack?. 
 
 Now whereas the nature of the Hare is fometimes 
 to leap and make headings, fometimes to tread foftly 
 with but a very fmall impreilion in the Earth , or 
 fometimes to lie down, and ever to leap or jump out 
 and into her own Form, the poor Hound is fo 
 much the more bufied and troubled to retain the fmall 
 fcent of her pricking which Che leaveth behinde her i 
 for this caufe it is requifite that you help the Hound, 
 not onely with Voice, Eye, and Hand, but with a 
 feafonable Time alfo: for in frofty weather the fcenc 
 freezeth with the Earth, fo that there is no certainty of 
 hunting till it thaw, or that the Sun arife. Likewifc 
 if very much Rain fall between the ftarting oi the Hare 
 and time of hunting , it is not convenient to hunt 
 till the Water be dried upi for the drops difperfc the 
 fcent of the Harci and dry weather coUedeth it again. 
 The Summer-time alfo is not for hunting, becaufe the 
 heat ot the weather confurneth the fcent •, and the nighc 
 being then but (hort, the Hare travelleth not far, feeding 
 onely in the morning and evening : befidcs, the fragran- 
 cyof Flowers and Herbs then growing, obliterates tlie 
 fcent the Hounds are guided by. 
 
 D The 
 
52 ©f DOfflEf* 
 
 The beft time for hunting with thefe Hounds is in Au- 
 tumn, becaufe then the former Odours are wcakned, and 
 the Earth barer than at other time. 
 
 Thefe Hounds do not onely chafe their Game while 
 it ]ivc:th, but being dead alfo by any manner of ca- 
 fualry, make rccourfe to the place where it lieth, ha- 
 ving in this poijit an affured and infallible Guide, 
 namely, the Scent and Savour of the Blood fprinkled 
 here and there upon the ground : for whether the 
 Beaft being wounded doth notwithlhnding enjoy life, 
 and efcapeth the hands of the Hunifman i or whe- 
 ther the faid Beaft, being flain, is conveyed cleanly 
 out of the Park , ( fo that there be fome marks of 
 bloodfhed) thefe Dogs, withiro lefs facility and ealinefs, 
 than avidity and greedinefs, difclofe and bewray the 
 fame by Smelling , applying to their purfuit agility 
 and nimblencfs, without tedioufnefs j for which con- 
 lideration, of a fingular fpeciality theydeferved to be 
 called SangHinarii^ Blood - Hounds : And although a 
 piece of flefli be fubtilly ftolen, and cunningly con- 
 veyed away, with fuch provifo's and precaveats , as 
 thereby all appearances of Bloud is thereby prevented 
 or concealed , yet thefe kind of Dogs , by certain 
 direction of an inward alTured notice and private 
 mark, purfuc thefe defperate Def r - fiealers through 
 craggy Ways, and crooked Meanders, till they have 
 found them out : yea, fo cffedtual is their forelight, 
 that they can difcover, feparatc, and pick them out 
 from an inhnitc multitude •, creep they never fo far in- 
 to the thickcll throng, they will hnd them out notwith- 
 ftanding. 
 
 Of 
 
SDf DOfiJSft 33 
 
 Of the G A 2 E - H o u N D. 
 
 T His Dog is little beholding in Hunting to his Nofe 
 or Snielling, but to iharpnefs of Sight altogether, 
 by the vcrtue whereof it makes excellent fport with the 
 fox and Hare, 
 
 This Dog will chufe and fcparate from amongfl a 
 great Flock or Herd, and fuch a one will it take by 
 eledion , as is not lank or lean , but full, far, and 
 round. 
 
 If a Beaft be wounded and go adray, this Dog will 
 fcek after it by the Ikadfallnefs of the Eye ; if it hap^ 
 pen to return, and be mingled with the tefidue of the 
 Herd, this Dog will foon fpy it out, leaving the 
 relt untouched : and after he hath fet fure light upon 
 it, he feparateth it from the company \ and having 
 fo done , never ceafeth till he hath wearied it to 
 death. 
 
 This Dog is called in Latine ^gafeiis, becaufe the 
 beams of the Sight are fo ftedfallly fetled , and un- 
 movcably faltned. Thefe Dogs are much ufed in the 
 Northern part? of England, much more than in the 
 Southern \ and on Champion ground rather than in 
 bulhy and woody places : Horfemen ufe them more than 
 Footmen. 
 
 If it happen fo at any time that this Dog take a wrong 
 way, the Mafter making fome ufual fignc, and familiar 
 token, he returneth forthwith, and taketh the right 
 and ready courfe, beginning his Ghafeafrefh, and wirh 
 a clear Voice, and a fwift Foot, followeth the Game 
 with as much courage and nimblenefs as he did at tlie 
 Hrlf. 
 
 Of 
 
^^ Dogs^. 
 
 Of the G R E Y - H o u N D. 
 
 AMong the divers kinds of Hunting-dogs, the Grey 
 hound, by reafon of his Swiftnefs, Strength, and 
 Sagacity to follow and purfue his Game, deferveth the 
 firft place i for fuch are the conditions of this Dog, as a 
 Philofopher obferveth, that he is reafonably fcented to 
 find out, fpeedy and quick of foot to follow, and fierce 
 and ftrong to take and overcome '-, and yet filent, com- 
 ing upon his Prey at unawares, according to the obfer- 
 vation of Gratius : 
 
 SicCanvi illafuos tadturnafupervenit hofier. 
 
 The beft Grey-hound hath a long Body, ftrong, and rea- 
 fonable great, not fo big as the JFolf-do^ in Ireland; a 
 neat (harp Head, and fplendant Eyes i a long Mouth, 
 and (harp Teeth i little Ears, and thin Griftles in them ■-, 
 a ftraight Neck, and a broad and ftrong Breaft •, his fore 
 Legs ftraight and (hort, his hinder Legs long and ftraighti 
 broad Shoulders, round Ribs, fle(hy Buttocks, but not 
 fat •, a long Tail, ftrong, and full of Sinews. Thus Ne- 
 mfian eloquently defcribes the beft of Greyhounds : 
 
 .. -^ Sit crurihm alt'vi^ 
 
 Cojiarwnfitb fine decenter prona carinam : 
 Kenibuf ampla fatU validis dedudaq-, cor Of 
 Sit rigid ix, tnultamq--, gerat fuh peciore lato, 
 ^£Jenfim ntrfiis ficca fe coVigat alvn : 
 Cmq\ nimis moUes flttitent in curfibm Ames, 
 Elige tunc curfu facilem, faci!emq-> recurfu^ 
 Dumfetperant vires, dum Uto flore juventm^ 
 
 Of 
 
Of tliis kind, that is always the beft to be chofen among 
 the Whelps, which weigheth lighteft h for it will be foon- 
 eft at the Game, and fo hang upon it, hindering Its 
 fwiftnefs, till the Wronger and heavier Dogs come to 
 help and offer their afliltance i and therefore belides the 
 marks or ncceffary good parts of a Grey - honnd al- 
 ready fpoken of, it is requifite that he have large fides, 
 and a broad midriiT, that fo he may take his breath in 
 and out more cafily : his Belly muft be fmall h if other- 
 wife, it will hinder the fwiftnefs of his courfe : likewife 
 he murt have long Legs, thin and foft Hairs. And thefe 
 tnuft the Huntfman lead on his left hand, if he be afoot j 
 and on the right, if on Horfe-back. 
 
 The beft time to try them and train them to their 
 Game , is at twelve Months old i yet fome begin 
 fooner with them , that i$ , at ten Months if they 
 are Males, ^nd at eight if Females: yet it is fureft 
 not to ftrain them, or permit them to run a long 
 Courfe, till they be twenty Mouetjis old. Keep them 
 alfo in the Slip while they are abroad, until they can 
 fee their Courfe •, and loofen por a young Dog, until 
 the Game have been on foot for a good feafon, left be- 
 ing over-greedy of the Prey, he ftrain his limbs too 
 much. 
 
 The Grey-homds which are moft in requeft among the 
 Germain^ are called JFmdjpil^ alluding to compare their 
 fwiftnefs with the Wind ••> but the French make moft ac- 
 count of thofe that are bred in the Mountains of Valmoir 
 tia^ or in any other Mountains, cfpecially of Turkje i for 
 fuch have hard Feet, long Ears, and briftle Tails. 
 
 The Grey-hound (called by the Latins Leporarim) hath 
 his name from the word Gre^ which word foundeth Gra- 
 diis in Latine, in Englilli Degree s becaufe among all 
 Dogs, thefe are the moft principal, having the chiefeft 
 place, and being fimply and abf .-lately tlie beft of the 
 
 gentle kind of Hounds. 
 
 D ^ . Q4 
 
3^ SDf £)O0j5* 
 
 Of the Harrier ^»^ Terrier. 
 
 TH« Hanier in Latine is called Leverarius^ or Sagax > 
 by the Greeks, Ichncuten^ of tracing or chafing by 
 the Foot. 
 
 Nature hath endewed rhis Creature with an admi- 
 rable gift of Smelling, and is bold and courageous in the 
 purfuit of his Game. There are feveral forts of them, 
 and all differ in their Services *. fome are for the Harc^ 
 the Fox^ the lf^olf\ the Hart^ the Buck, the Badger^ the 
 Otter^ the Polecat, the IFcjJle^ the Coney^ &c. fome for 
 one thing, fome for another. 
 
 As for the Coney ^ we ufe not to hunt, but take it 
 fomctimes with a Net, fometimes with a Ferrety and 
 fometimes with a Lurcher or Tumbler. Among the fe- 
 veral forts oi Haniers^ there are fome which are apt to 
 hunt two divers Bearts, as the Fox fometimes, and other- 
 whiles the Hare ■■, but they hunt not with that good 
 fuccefs and towardnefs, who flick not to one fort of 
 Game. 
 
 The 'terrier hunteth the Fox and the Badger or Grey 
 onely : And they are called Terriers , becaufe they 
 ( after the manner and cutiom of Ferrets in (earching 
 for Corny s ) creep into the ground, and by that 
 means affright, nip, and bite the Fox and the Badger^ 
 in fuch fort, that either they tear them in pieces with 
 their Teeth , (being in the bofome of the Earth) or 
 elfe hale and pull them by force out of their lurking 
 Angles, dark Dungeons , and clofe Caves i or at the 
 leait, through conceived fear, drive them out of thciy 
 hollow Havbours, infomuch, if they are not taken by 
 Wet orothcrwifc, they are compelled to prepare for 
 
 flight, 
 
flight i and being defirous of the next , though not 
 the fafeft refuge , they arc oft-times entrapped with 
 Snares and Nets lajd over Holes for the fame pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 0/Leviner. or Lyemmer. 
 
 THe Levincr is lingular in Smelling, and in Swift- 
 nefs incomparable. This is as it where a middle 
 kindc between the Harrier and the Grey - Hound^ as 
 well for his kinde, as the frame and (hape of his Body, 
 It is called in Latine Levinarim^ a Levitate^ of lightncls, 
 and therefore may well be called a Light-Hound. This 
 Dog, for the excellency of his Conditions, namely, 
 Smelling, and fwift Running, doth follow the Game 
 with more eagernefs, and taketh the Prey with a jolly 
 quicknefs. 
 
 0/ /;^^ T U M B L E R. 
 
 THe word Tumbler undoubtedly had jts derivation 
 from the French word 'Tumhier^ whicli figniries to 
 Tumble » to which the Latine name agrees, Venagus, 
 ftfom Vertere to turn, and fo they do; for in Hunting 
 they turn and tumble, winding their Bodies about cir- 
 cularly.^ and then fiercely and violently venturing on the 
 Bealt, do fuddenly gripe it at the very entrance or mouth 
 of their Holes or Receptacles, before they can make any 
 recovery of fclf-fecurity. 
 
 This Dog ufe^h another craft and fubtilty, namely, 
 D 4 when 
 
3^ ©f DOgjS. 
 
 when he runneth into a Warjcen, ox fetcheth a courfe 
 about a Coney -hptou^h^ he hunts not after them, he 
 no ways affrights them., he (hews no fpight againft 
 them i but diffcmbring friendQiip, and pretending fa- 
 vour, piiTeth by with filence and quietncfs, marking 
 their Holes diligently, wherein he feldom is deceived. 
 When he cometh to a place where there is a certainty 
 of Coiieyr^ he coucheth down clofe with his Belly to 
 the ground, provided always by his Skill and Policy 
 that the Wind be againft him in that Enterprise, and 
 that the Coneys^ difcover him not where he lurketh i 
 by which means he gets the benefit of the fcent of 
 the Comys^ which is carried to him by the Wind and 
 Air, either going to their Holes, or coming out, either 
 palilng this way, or running that way s and fo order- 
 eth the bufinefs by his circumfpedtion, that the filly 
 Coney is debarred quite from his Hole , fwhich is the 
 Haven of their hope,' and the Harbour of their fafety) 
 q,nd fraudulently circumvented and taken before they 
 can get the advantage of their Holes. Thus having 
 caught his Prey, he carrieth it fpeedily to his Mafier, 
 waiting his Dogs return in fome convenient lurking 
 corner. 
 
 Thcfe Dogs are fomewhat lefTer than the Hounds be- 
 ing lanker, leaner, and fomewhat pfick-ear'd. By the 
 form and fafhion of their Bodies they may be juftly cal- 
 led Mieiigrel-Grey-bounds, if they were fomewhat big- 
 ger. But notwithftanding they countervail not the 
 Grey-howid in grcatnefs, yet will he take in one days 
 fpace as many Coneys as fhall arife to as big a burthen, 
 and as heavy a load as a Horfe can cary : For Craft and 
 Subtiky are the Inftruments whereby he maketh this 
 (poil, which pernicious properties fupply the places of 
 njore commendable qualities. 
 
 Let this fuffice for a talk : now, after fuch Dogs a^ 
 fcjye punting, will foUoyv fuch ^s ferv? for gawking 
 -■-"■■■. - and 
 
2Df DOJJS* 39 
 
 and Fowling h among which, the principal and chiefeft 
 is the Sj>miel, called in Latine Hijpaniolui, borrowing his 
 name from Bijp^ni'^ i wherein we Englifh-m.en, not pro- 
 nouncing the ACpiration H, nor the Vowel 2, for quick- 
 nefs and readinefs of fpeech, fay, Spaniel, 
 
 T 
 
 Of the Spani E L. 
 
 Here are two forts of Dogs which necefTarily 
 _ ferve for Fowling. The firft hndeth Game on 
 the Land, the other on the Water. Such as delight 
 on the Land, play their parts either by fwiftnefs^ oi 
 foot, or by often quefting to fearch out and to fpring 
 the Bird for further hope of reward, or elfe by fomc 
 fecret' figne and privy token, difcover the place where 
 they fall. The Hrli kinde of fuch ferve the Han\, 
 the'fecond, the Net or Train, The hrll kinde have 
 no peculiar names afligncd them , except they are 
 named after the Bird which by natural appointment 
 he is allotted to take i for which confideration, fomc 
 are called Dogs for the Falcon, the Pheafant, the Par- 
 tridge, and fuch-like : they are commonly called by one 
 name , viz. Spanids, as if they originally came from 
 Spain, 
 
 The Spaniel, whofe fervice is required in Fowling 
 on the Water, partly through natural inclination, and 
 partly by diligently teaching, is properly called Aqua- 
 iicm, as JVater- Spaniel, becaufe he hath ufual recourfe 
 to the Water , where all his Game lieth , namelv, 
 Water -fowl, which are taHen by theiif help in their 
 kind. 
 
 His fize is fomewhat big, and ot a meafurable great- 
 qsfs, having long, yough , and curled Hair, which 
 ■ '• -^ ^ jpull 
 
40 SDf Dofi:0. 
 
 muft be dipt in due feafon : for by leflening that fu- 
 perfluity of Hair, they become more li^ht and fwifr, 
 and are lefs hindred in fwimnning. Bui:!^ and Drakes 
 are his principal Game i whereupon he is likewile 
 named a Dog for a Dwc^, becaufe in that quality he is, 
 excellent. 
 
 0/ //;<? W H I T E -H O U N D. 
 
 THofe Hounds which are all of one colour, as all 
 white, arc the beft Hounds ; in like manner thofe 
 which are fpotted with red : but thofe which are fpot- 
 ted with a dun colour, are of little value, being faint- 
 hearted, and cannot endure much labour. But ftiould 
 they happen to be whelpt coal-black, which is but fel- 
 dom, they commonly prove incomparable Hounds. But 
 if white Hounds are fpotted with black, experience tells 
 us, they are never the beft H^re-hunters. White, and 
 black and white, and grey ftreak'd white, are alfo the 
 moft beautiful. 
 
 0/Fallo w-Hounds. 
 
 THey are hardy , and of good fcent , keeping well 
 their Chafe without change » but not fo fwift 
 as the white. They are of a ftrong conftitution, and 
 do not fear the Water •■, running furely, and are very 
 hardy, commonly loving the Hart beyond any other 
 Chafe. 
 The beft covnplexion for thcfe Fallow- Hounds, is the 
 
 lively 
 
lively red, and fuch as have a white fpot in their Fore- 
 head, or have a Ring about their Neck ; but thofe which 
 are yellowifh, and fpotted with blacli or dun, are of lit- 
 tle eltimation. Thofe which are well joynted, having 
 good Claws, are ht to make Blood-hounds : and thofe 
 which have (bagged Tails, are generally fwift runners. 
 Thefe Hounds are fitter for Princes than private Gentle-' 
 men, bccaufe theyfeldom run more than one Chace j 
 neither have they any great l^omack to the Hare or o- 
 ther fmall Chafes : and, which is worft of all, they are 
 apt to run at tame Beafts. 
 
 Of the D u N ' H o u N T>. 
 
 THefc are good for all Chafes , and therefore of 
 general ufc. The beft coloured are fuch as are 
 dun on the Back, having their four quarters tann'd, 
 or of the complexion of aH^re's Legs: But if the Hair 
 on the Back be black, and their Legs freckled with red 
 and black, thc7 then ufually prove excellent Hounds: 
 and indeed there are few dun-coloured to be found bad i 
 the worft oi them are fuch whofeLegs are of a whitifh 
 colour. It is wonderful, in thefe creatures, toobferve 
 how much they (iick upon the knowledge of their Ma- 
 imer, efpecially his Voice, and Horn, and none's elfe. 
 Nay, farther , they know the diftindt Voices of their 
 Fellows, and do know who are Babblers and Liars, 
 and who not i aiid will follow the one, and not theo- 
 ther. 
 
 Now for Hounds, the Weft-country, Chejhire^ and 
 Lancajhire^ with other Wood - land and Mountainous 
 Countries, breed our Slorv-hound ■■, which is a large great 
 Pog, tall and heavy. fVorceJier - (hire^ Bedford -Jhire, 
 
 and 
 
42 . ©f Dog0* 
 
 and many well-mixt foils, where the Champaign and 
 Govert arc of equal largenefs, produce a middle-fized 
 Dog , of a more nimble compofure than the former. 
 Lal\ly, the North-parts, as Torkcf^ire, Cumberland, Nor- 
 ihtmberland, and many other plain Champaign Coun- 
 tries, breed the Light, Nimble, Swift, Slender, Fleet 
 Hound. After all thefe, the little Beagle is attributed to 
 our Country i this is that Hound, which in Latine is 
 called CanU Agaftus, or the Gaze-homd. Befides our 
 MaflifF, v/hich fcems to be an Jndigena, or Native of 
 England, we train up moft excellent Grey -hounds 
 (which feem to have been brought hither by the Galls J 
 in our open Champaigns. All thefe Dogs have defer- • 
 ved to be famous in adjacent and remote Countries, 
 whither they are fent for great rarities, and ambitioufly 
 fought for by their Lords and Princes •-, although one- 
 ly the fighting Dogs feem to have been known to the 
 antient Authors j <md perhaps in that Age Hunting 
 was not fo much cultivated by our own Countrey* ■ 
 men. 
 
 TIjc marks of a good and fair Hound, 
 
 His Head ought to be of a middle proportion, rather • 
 long than round •, his Noftrils wide i his Ears large •, 
 his Back bowed \ the Fillets great i the Haunches large i 
 the Thighs well truffed i the Ham llraight s the Tail 
 big near the Reins, and the reft (lender to the end i the 
 Leg big ■, the Soal of the Foot dry, and formed like a.i 
 Foxs^ with the Claws great. 
 
 Of 
 
Of the Ele^ion of a Dog and Bitch 
 for good Whelps. 
 
 Your Bitch muft come of a good kind, being ftrong, 
 and well proportioned in all parts, having her Ribs 
 and Flanks great and large. Let the Dog that lines 
 her be oC a good fair breed -, and let him be young, if 
 you intend to have light and hot Hounds : for .if the 
 Dog be old, the Whelps will participate of his Dull and 
 heavy nature. 
 
 If your Bitch grow not naturally Proud lo iooji 
 as you would have, you may make her fo, by taking 
 two heads of Garlick, half a Caftor's Stone, the juice 
 of CreiTes, and about twelve Spanifti Flies, or Cantha- 
 rides : boil thefe together in a Pipkin which holds a 
 pint, with fome Mutton, and make Broth thereof^ and 
 of this give to the Bitch twice or thrice, and (he will in- 
 fallibly grow proud. The fame Pottage given to the 
 Dog, will make him defirous of copulation. 
 
 When your Bitch is lined, and with Puppy, you mufx 
 not let her hunt, for that will be the way to make her 
 cart her Whelps \ but let her uncontined walk up and 
 down in the Houfe and Court, and never lock her up 
 in her Kennel i for (he is then impatient ot food s and 
 therefore you mult make her fome hot Broth once a 
 
 day. 
 
 If you would fpay your Bitch, it muft be done be- 
 fore Qie ever had Litter of Whelps ; And in fpaying 
 her, take not away all the Roots or Strings ot the 
 Veins i for if you do, it will much prejudice her Reins, 
 and hinder her fwiftnefs ever after : but by leaving 
 fome behinde, it will make her much the ilronger and 
 more hardy. Whatever you do, fpay her not when (he 
 is proud i for that will endanger her life : but you may do 
 
 ^ it 
 
44 fiDf Do^^. 
 
 it fifteen days after. But the belt time of all is, when 
 the Whelps are (haped within her. 
 
 Hoiv to Cftier young "Hounh to Hunt the 
 Hart ; and what Quarries and Re^ 
 ivards you (hall give them. ' 
 
 Having firft taught your Hounds to know your Hal- 
 low, and the found of your Horn, then, about eighteen 
 months old, you muft lead them once % Week into the 
 fields, and not oftner. 
 
 The bed: manner to teach your Hounds , is to take 
 a live Uati^ and trail her after you upon the Earth, 
 now one way, now another •, and fo, having drawn it 
 a convenient (pace, hide it in the Earth : afterward fet 
 forth your Hound near the Trail, wlio taking Wind, 
 runneth to and fro near the Woods, Fields, Failures, 
 Path-ways, and Hedges, until he find which way the 
 Hatz is gone ; but with a foft and gentle pace, until 
 at length coming near the lodged /£zre, he mendeth his 
 pace, and belHrreth himfelf more fpeedily, leaping on 
 his Prey, and killing it, loadeth himfelf with his con- 
 quelt, and bringing it to his Mafkr with Triumph, he' 
 murt receive botli Dog and it with all tokens of love in- 
 to his Bofom. 
 
 When you hunt, let your Han be in prime of greafe^ 
 for then he is heavier than in A^r'tl or A%, and cannot 
 ftand up fo long. 
 
 Then chufe your Foreft wherein the Relays are of 
 equal proportion : then place all your young Hounds 
 with five or fix old to enter them •, and then lead them 
 to the farthcft and laft Relay, and caufe the Han to be 
 hunted unto them. Being come up, uncouple your old 
 Hounds , and having found the Track of the Han., being 
 wellentred in cry, uncouple like wife your young Hounds: 
 
 and 
 
^nd if you find any of them lag behinde, you muft beat 
 or whip them forward. 
 
 In what place foever you kill the Hart^ immediately 
 flay his Neck, and reward your Hounds : for it is beft 
 whilll it is hot fo to do. 
 
 There are feveral ways of entring Hounds. As ftrii, 
 by taking a Hart in Nets, and after you have cut off 
 one of his Feet, let him go : a quarter of an hour af- 
 ter, aflcmble your young Hounds s and having found 
 out the View or Slot of the Hart or Bmkjjy your Blood- 
 hounds, uncouple your young Hounds, and let them 
 hunt. Secondly, you may bring them to quarry, by 
 taking half a dozen Huntfmen, fwift of foot, each 
 whereof (hall have two couple to lead in Liams '■> and 
 having unbdg'd the Hart^ purfue him fair and foftly, 
 fo that you tire not too much your young Hounds. 
 After the Hart hath ran two or three hours, and that 
 you Hnd he begins to link, you may then cali off your 
 young Hounds : but beware it be not when he is at 
 Bay, and his Head full fummcd i for fo you may en- 
 danger the lives of your Hounds. 
 
 But the beft way of entring Hounds is at the Hare i 
 for thereby they will learn all Doubles and Turns, better 
 know the Hallow, will be more tender- nofed, and bet- 
 ter fccnted, by uling the beaten ways and Champion 
 grounds. 
 
 Here note, that with whatfoevcr you firft enter your 
 Hounds, and therewith reward them, they will ever af- 
 ter love that moft. Wherefore, if you intend them for 
 the Hart^ enter them not firf\ with the Hinde. And for 
 the better hunting thef£?r*, enter uot your youngHounds 
 within a Toil '■> for there a Hart -doth nothing but turn 
 and caft about, fince he cannot run end-long, and fo they 
 are always in fight of him. If then afterwards you (hould 
 run him at force out of a Toil, aiod at length, and out of 
 Ifight, you will find the Hounds to give him over quick- 
 ly. Lafl- 
 
4<5 £Df Coutfiitff tiJitfj ^m^omm* 
 
 Laftly, enter not your Hounds nor (each them' in the 
 Mornuig i for if fo, you will hnd them apt to give o- 
 ver in the heat of the day. 
 
 0/ COURSING wkb Grey-Hounds. 
 
 Need not deckre the Excellencies which are con- 
 tained in the noble and worthy Exercife of Gour- 
 iing with Greyhounds^ fince it is fo well known to 
 all Gentlemen who fake delight in this pleafant and 
 healthy Paftime : I (hall therefore onely infift upon 
 the breed of Grey - hounds^ their Shape, their Diet, 
 and the Laws belonging to the fame , according as 
 they were commanded, allowed, and fubfcribed by 
 the Duke of Norfolk^^ in the Reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth. 
 
 Firrt, for the Breeding of Grty-Bomds^ in this yoi 
 muft have refped to the Country, which Qiould b6< 
 Champain, Plain, or high Downs. The befl: Valley: 
 are thofe of Belvoir^ JFhitehorfe, and Evejpjolm, or an^ 
 other where there are no Coverts, fo that a Hare mx 
 ftand forth and endure a Courfe of two or three miles 
 as for high Downs or Heaths, the belt are about Marl 
 horoHghy Sal'vfhury^ Cirencejier^ and Lincoln. 
 
 Though thefe places are very commodious for th 
 breeding and training up of Grey-Hounds ■-, yet, in m^i 
 opinion, the middle, or moft part arable grounds ar 
 the beft: and yet thofe Gentlemen who dwell oi 
 Downs or plain grounds, to keep up the reputatioi 
 of their own Dogs, affirm, that they are more ninfi 
 ble and cunning in turning than the Vale-Dogs are 
 and Mr. Markloam confeffeth that he hath feen 
 Vale-Dog fo much deceived, that upon a turn he hat , 
 
 l(y 
 
^f€oiimnc;mf)<^lzm)oinm. 47 
 
 loft more ground than haih been recoverable in the 
 whole Courfe after : however, with a little car'^, n a 
 Ihort time this errour may be rectified •, and then you 
 will experimentally find The good Vogs upon the VeefF 
 will ever beat the good Dogs ttpon the Plains. 
 
 It is a received opinion, that the Grey-homd-Eitch will 
 beat the Grey- hound-Dog, by reafon (he excelleth him in 
 nimblcnefs : but if you confider that the Dog is longer 
 and rtronger, you muft look upon that opinion no more 
 than as a vulgar errour. 
 
 Here note, as to the breeding of your Grey-homdfy 
 that the beft Dog upon an indifferent Bitch, will not 
 get fo good a Whelp as an indifferent D02 upon the 
 befi Bitch. ^ 
 
 Obferve this in general as to breeding, let your Dogs 
 and Bitches, as near as you can, be of an equal age, no£ 
 exceeding four years old : however, to breed with a 
 young Dog and an old Bitch, may be the means of pro- 
 ducing excellent Whelps, the goodnefs whereof you (hall 
 know by their Shapes in this manner. 
 
 If they are raw-bon'd, lean, loofe-made, fickle or 
 •rooked-hough'd, and generally unknit in every Mem- 
 ber i thefe are the proper marks of excellent (liape and 
 goodnefs : but if after thtee or four months they appear 
 round and clofe-truO, fat, ttraight, and as it were full 
 fummed and knit in every Member, they never prove 
 good, fwift, nor comely. 
 
 The goodnefs of fhape in a Grey-homd after a year 
 and a half old, is this : his Head muft be lean and long, 
 with a fharp Nofe, ruOi-grown from the Eye down- 
 ward i a full clear Eye, with long. Eye-lids-, a Oiirp 
 liar, fhort and clofe falling ; a long fQcck a little bend- 
 ing, with a loofe hanging Weafand \ a broad Breall, 
 n'^'l ,^?l'^*^^S'' hollow Side, ftraightRibs-, a fquare 
 11a t Back, Ihort and fcrong Fillets, a broad fpace between 
 the Hips, a ftrong Stern or Tail , a round Foot, and 
 good large Ckffs. F, Xh« 
 
48 flDf Coutfinrr Uiitfj c^^ep^^otmtij?. 
 
 The Dieting of Grey -Hounds contilis in thefe four 
 things: Food.Exercife.Amng.^nd Kennelling. 
 
 Food of a Grey-hound is two fold : general, that is, the 
 maintaining of a Dog in good bodily condition i and 
 particular, when the Dog is dieted for a Wager, or it 
 may be for fomc Diften:iper he is atflidted with- 
 
 A Grey- hound's general Food ought to be Chippings, 
 Grulis of Bread, foft Bones and Grillles. Your Chip- 
 pings ought to be fcalded in Beef, Mutton, Veal or 
 Ven ifon- Broth i and when it is indifferent cool, then 
 make your Bread onely float with good Milk, and give 
 it your Grey-hounds Morning and Evening i and this 
 vvill keep them in good Hate of body. 
 
 But if your Dog be poor, fickly, and weak, then 
 take Sheeps-hcads, Wool and all, clean walh'd, and ha- 
 ving broken them to pieces, put them into a Pot •, and 
 when it boils, fcum the Pot, and put therein good ftorc 
 of Oatmeal, and fuch Herbs as Pottage is ufuaily made 
 0fi boil thefe till the Flelli be very tender: then with 
 the Meat and Broth feed your Dogs Morning and E- 
 venhig, and it will recover them. 
 ., If you deligne your Grey- Hound ^ot ^ Wager, then 
 give him this Diet-bread^ Take half a peck of the 
 hncft and dtiell Oat-meal, and a peck of good Wheat, 
 having ground them together, bouk the Meal, and 
 fcattering an indifferent quantity of Liquori(h and 
 Annifeeds well beaten together ; knead it up^ with 
 the Whites of Eggs, new Ale and Barm mix'd to- 
 gether, and bake'^it in fmall Loaves indifferent hard j 
 then take it and foak it in Beef or any of the afore- 
 iaid Broths s and half an hour after Sun-rihng, and 
 half an hour before its fetting, having hrit walkt 
 and air'd your Grev-hound, give it him to eat. This 
 will not onely increafc his ilrength , but enlarge, his 
 
 Wind. 
 
 i;n.^aving thus fpoken of a Grey- Hound's Feeding, 
 ,~ cither 
 
cither generally or particularly , either for keeping 
 him in health, or rclioring it when it is loft, I (hall 
 in the next place proceed to his Exercifei and this 
 likewife confifts in two things, that is, Courfing, and 
 Airing. 
 
 As to the firft, he ought to be Courfed thrice a week, 
 in fuch manner that you ufually reward him with Blood, 
 which will animate and encourage him to profecute 
 his Game : but be not unmindful to give the Hare all 
 juft and lawful advantage, fo that (lie may ftand long 
 before the Grey-hound., that thereby he may (hew his ut* 
 moft ftrength and skill before he reap the benelit of his 
 labour. 
 
 If he kill, fufTer him hot to break the Hare^ but 
 take her from him i and having cleans'd his Ghaps 
 from the Wool of the H^^rc, then give him the Liver, 
 Lights, and Heart, and fo take him up in your Lea(hi 
 and having led him home, wa(h his Feet with Lome 
 Butter and Beer, and then put him into the Kennel, and 
 feed him half an hour afterwards. 
 
 Upon your Grey-hounds Courfing-days, give him iri 
 the' Morning before you air him, aTdaft and Butter or 
 Oyl, and nothing elfe i then Kennel him till he go to his 
 Gourfei 
 
 . The reafott of Kennelling your Grcy-homds is this^ 
 becaufe it breeds in Dogs Lull, Spirit, and Nimbleneft I 
 bolides, it prevents feveral dangerous Cafualties, and 
 keeps the Pores from fpcnding till time ot neceility : and 
 therefore do not permit your Dog to llir out of the Ken- 
 hel but in the hours of Feeding, Walking, Courfing, ojt 
 other heceffary bufinefs. 
 
 The LatPi of the Lea(h or Comfifig* 
 
 , Though the Laws of Cour(ing may alter accor- 
 ding to foiTie mens fwiying Faticies i yet thefe, fub- 
 E 2 fctibci 
 
50 SDf Coutfmof ttiit!) <^?ev=^otmti!?* 
 
 Tcribecl by the chief of the Gentry, were ever held au- 
 thentical. Take them thus in order, according to my 
 colledion out of Mr. Markloam. 
 
 Firft, it was ordered, that he who was chofen Few 
 ierer^ or Letter-loofe of the Grey-hounds^ (hould receive 
 the Grey'hounds Match to run together into his Leafti 
 as foon as he came into the Field, and follow next to 
 the Hare 'finder till he came unto the Form: and no 
 Horfe-man or Foot-man, on pain of difgrace, to go be- 
 fore them, or on any fide, but diredly behinde, the fpace 
 of forty yards or thereabouts. 
 
 2. That not above one Brace of Grey -hounds do 
 courfe a Hare at one inftant. 
 
 3. That the Hare-finder (liould give the Hare three 
 Sohoe's before he put her from her Lzar^ to make the 
 Grey-hounds gaze and attend her rifing. 
 
 4. That the Fetvterer fhall give twelve-fcore Law ere 
 he loofe the Grey-hmnds^ except it be in danger of lofing 
 fight. 
 
 5. That Dog that giveth the firft 7urn^ if after the 
 Turn be given there be neither Co^t, Slip^ nor IVrench 
 extraordinary i I fay, he which gave the firft T«r« (hall 
 be held to win the Wager. 
 
 <^. If one Dog give the firft Turn^ and the other 
 bear the Hare , then he which bare the Hare ftiall 
 win. 
 
 7. If one give both the firft and laft 7urn^ and no 
 other advantage be between them, the odde Turn ftiall 
 win the Wager. 
 
 8. That a Coat ftiall be more than two Turns^ and 
 a Go'by^ or the Bearing of the Hare equal with two 
 Turns, 
 
 p. If neither Dog turn the Hare^ then he which 
 leadeth laft at the Covert ftiall be held to win the 
 Wager. 
 
 10. If one Dog turn the Hare^ fcrve himfclf, and 
 
 turn 
 
S)f Courfing tuitf) i^uv-'^onm^, 51 
 
 turn her again, thofe two Turns (hall be as much as a 
 Cojt» 
 
 I r. If all the Courfe be equal, then he which hear r 
 the Hare (hall win onely i and if (he be not born, the 
 Courfe mu(^ be adjudged dead. 
 
 12. If he which comes Hrft in to the death of the 
 Hare takes her up, and faves her from breaking, che-* 
 rifheth the Dogs, and cleanfeth their Mouths from the 
 Wool , or other filth of the Hare, for fuch courtefiQ 
 done he (hall in right challenge the Hare ; but not do- 
 ing it, he (hall have no Right, Priviledge, or Title there* 
 in. 
 
 1 3 . If any Dog thall take a fall in the Courfe, and 
 yet perform his part, he (hall challenge the advantage 
 of a I'tirn more than he giveth. 
 
 14. If one Dog turn the Hare , ferve himfclf, and 
 give divas Coatf^ yet in the end (land flill in the field, 
 the other Dog, without Turn giving, running home to 
 the Cover ft that Dog which ftood itill in the field (hali 
 be adjudged to lofe the Wager. 
 
 15. \i any man (hall ride over a Dog, and over- 
 throw him in his Courfe, ( (hough the Dog were the 
 worfe Dog in opinion, yet 3 the party for the offence 
 (hall either receive the difgrace of the Field, or pay the 
 Wager i for between the Parties it (hall be adjudged no 
 Courfe. 
 
 1 6. Laflly, thofe which are chofen Judges of the 
 Leajh (hall give their judgments prefcntly before they 
 depart from the Field, or elfe he in whofe default it 
 lieth (hall pay the Wager by a general Voice and Sep.- 
 tence. 
 
 Here note, that it lieth in the power of him that hath 
 ^he Office of the Lea(h conferred on him, to make Laws 
 according to the Culloms of Countries, and the Hule o| 
 Reafojiv 
 
 , ■ ?. 3 Of 
 
$a; f)f t6e ^tiW of !|)utttntff. 
 
 Of the S tiles of Hmttng different from the. 
 Englijh both Antique cmd Forrein. 
 
 THe Hunting ufed by the Antients was much like 
 that way which is at prefent taken with the 
 Kain-Deer^ which is feldom hunted at force or with 
 Hounds, but oncly drawn after with a Blood-hound, 
 and forcftaird with Nets and Engines. So did they 
 with all Beafts, and therefore a Dog is iiever commen- 
 ded by them for opening before he hath by fignesdifco- 
 vered where the Bea(t lieth in his Layre^ as by their 
 drawing (Hff our Harbourers are brought to give right 
 judgement- Therefore I do not hnde that they were 
 curious in the Mufick of their Hounds, or in a com- 
 pofition of their Kennel or Pack, either for deepnefs, 
 or loudnefs, or fweetnefs of cry like to ours. Their 
 Huntfmen were accuftomed to ftiout and make a 
 great noifc-, as Virgil obferves in the third of his Geor- 
 gicks: 
 
 Ingentem cJamore premej ad retia Cervum, 
 
 So that it was onely with that confufion to bring the 
 I^m- to the Nets laid for him. 
 
 But we coMifort our Hounds with loud and coura- 
 geous Cries and Noifes, both ot Voice and Horn, that' 
 they may follow over the fame viay that they faw the 
 H^r/ pafs, without crofling or coaOing. 
 
 The Sicilian way of Hunting was this : when the 
 Nobles or Gentry were informed which way a Herd 
 of Veer paiTed , giving notice to one another , they 
 appointed a meeting, and. every one brought with 
 
 ' him 
 
S)f Coutfinfi; tuitlj ^SieplpotmtijSf* 5 3 
 
 tiim a Crofs-bow, or a Lof-g bow, and a bundle of 
 Staves. Thefe Staves had an Iron-fpike at the bot- 
 tom, and their Head is bored, with a Cord drawn 
 through all ot them ■-, their length is about four foot : 
 Being thus provided, they come to the Herd, and there 
 cafiing themfelves about into a large Fling, they fur- 
 round the Veer ••, and then every one of them receives 
 a peculiar Ihnd, and there, unbinding his Faggot, ties 
 tlrc end of his Cord to the other who is fet in the next 
 ftation •■, then to fupport it, flicks into the ground each 
 Staff, about the dilhnce of ten foot one from the other. 
 Then they take out Feathers, which they bring with 
 them, dyed in Crimfon for this very purpofe, and fa- 
 ftned upon a Thred which is tied to the Cord, fo that 
 with the leaft breath of wind they are whirled round a- 
 bouf. Thofe which kerp :Ue feveial Stands, withdraw 
 and hide themfelves in the next Covert. After this, 
 the chief Ranger enters within the Line, taking with 
 him onely fuch Hounds which draw after the Herd \ 
 and coming near with their cry, rou7ethem: Upcui 
 which the Veer fly till they come towards the Linc^ 
 where they turn off towards the left, and ilill gazing_ 
 upon the (baking and lliining Feathers, wander about 
 them as if they wtre kept in wirh a Wail or Pale. The 
 chief Ranger purfues, and calling to every one by^ 
 name, as he paffeth by their Stand, cries to them, that 
 they (hoot the hrft, third, or lixth, as he fhall pleafe v 
 and if any of them mifs, and ii/igle out any other than 
 that which was alfigned by the Ranger, it is counted 
 a difgrace to him : by which mcatis, as they pafs by 
 the feveral Stations, the whole Herd is killed by (everal- 
 hands. This Relation is of undoubted truth, as you 
 may hnde it in Pkrius his Hierog!)fbick^f^ Lib. 7. Chap» 
 
 Eocjyvhunting is very ufual in franre^ and they calt 
 \i Sanglier. In this fort cf Hunting the way is to 
 
 E J- 
 
54 ©f tfie @)tile0 of ^ptmtfuff. 
 
 ufe furious terrible Sounds and Noifes, as well of Voice 
 as Horn, to make the Chafe turn and fly •, becaufe 
 they arc flow, and trurt to their Tpsks and defence ; 
 which is Agere Apntm^ to bait the Boar. Yet thismuft 
 be done after his Den or Hold is difcovered, and the 
 Nets be pitched. 
 
 The Huntfmen give judgement of the TTild-Boar by 
 the print of his Foot, by his Rooting. A wild Swine 
 roots deeper than our ordinary Hogs, becaufe their 
 Snouts are longer i and when he comes into a Corn- 
 field^ (as the Caledonian - Boar in Ovid J turns up one 
 continued Furrow, not as our Hogs, routing here and 
 there ■, and then by his foil he foils and wallows him in 
 the myre : thefe are his Vohitahra Silvejlria^ where his 
 greatnefs is meafured out i then coming forth, he rubs 
 againft fome Tree, which marks his height i as alfq 
 when he flicks his Tusk into it, that (hews the great- 
 nefs thereof. They obferve the bignefs of his Lefles, 
 and the depth of his Den i where note, that they call his 
 Dung by the name of Lejfes. 
 
 Whenfoever the Boar is hunted and ftands at Bay, 
 the Huntfmen ride in, and with Swords and Spears 
 ftriking on that fide which is from their Horfes, wound 
 or kill him. This is in the French Hunting: but the 
 antient Komans imndiv\^ on foot, or fctting their Knees 
 to the ground, and charging direcftly with their Spear, 
 did Opponere ferrum^ and Excipcre Aprum : for fuch is 
 the nature of a Boar^ that he fpirs himfelf with fuiy, run- 
 ning upon the Weapon to come at his Adverfary i and 
 fo, feckinghis revenge, he meets with his own deliru- 
 dtion. 
 
 Though thcCQJFild- Boars arc trcqucnt in France^ vve 
 have none in England i yet it may be fuppofcd that here- 
 tofore we had, and did not think it convenient to pr6- 
 ferve that Game: For cur old Authors of Hunting 
 reckon them among(i tl.e bcafts of Vcnery h ani we 
 
 ... '■■■', ■ '■ ' '' i:avc 
 
£Df tfie %tiU^ of ijnintittff* 55 
 
 have the proper terms belongbg to them, as you may 
 find them at the beginning of the Book. Of Bom* 
 hunting you will read more hereaftcar. 
 
 There are no Roe-Veer in England ^ but there are 
 plenty of them in Scotland, as Sir Jamet Lindfay an old 
 Scottilh Writer teftifies. 
 
 Yet it may be thought that they have been moie 
 common in England^ becaufe our ancient Huntfmen 
 acknowledge the proper terms for this Chafe i and in 
 the firft place we have diftind Ages for thefe Vorcesy 
 which you (hall find in the Terms aforefaid. They 
 tnake good Chafe, ftand long, and fly end-way. Com- 
 pcllere Vorcas^ is to force the Bevy, and to drive them 
 into the Toyls. 
 
 Although we have no Wolves in England at this 
 prefent, yet it is certain that heretofore we had Routs 
 of them , as they have to this very day in Ireland y 
 and in that Country are bred a race of Grey - hounds^ 
 ( which are commonly called Wolf- T)ogs) which are 
 ftrong, fleet, and bear a natural enmity to the Wolf, 
 l^ow in thele the Grey-hounds of that Nation there is 
 an incredible force and boldnefs, fo that they are in great 
 eftimation, and much fought after in forrein parts, fo 
 that the King of Poland makes ufe of them in his 
 hunting of great Beafts by force. Wherefore it may 
 well b^ intended of the great fiercenefs which thefe 
 pogs have in aflaulting, that when the Romans faw 
 them play, they thought them fo wonderful violent, as 
 that they muft needs have been Ferreui caveis advehi^ 
 brought up in Iron Dens. 
 
 In Poland when the King hunts, his fervants arc 
 wont to furround a Wood, though a Mile in compafs, 
 with Toyls which are pitched on Arm Stakes. This 
 being done , the whole Town, all Sexes and Ages 
 pron.ifcuoufly ru(h into the Inclofure, and with their 
 (oud ftiouts rear all the Beafts within that Wood i which 
 
 making 
 
5^ ©nSJart-StuttmirJ 
 
 making forth, arc intercepted in the Nets. Their 
 fmall and great Beafts arc entangled together, after the 
 fame manner as when amongft us we draw a Net 
 oyer a Pond, and after beating it all over with Poles, 
 we bring out not onely Pik^ and Carp^ but lelTer Fryi 
 To they inclofe at once Peer, Boar, Roe-bHck, and Hare : 
 For fo they order their Nets, that the fpace of thofe 
 MeQies which are twifted with greater Cords, for the 
 entangling of greater Beafts, that fpace, I Tay, is made 
 up with (mailer Whip-cord, for the catching fmaller 
 Prey. 
 
 He hath a great race of Engli(h Maftiffs, which in 
 that Country retain their generofity, and are brought 
 up to play upon greater bcalls. It is not counted a- 
 mong them difagrecable to the Laws of the Chale, to 
 ufe Guns. I (hall now proceed to the manner of 
 Englifh- Hunting botli antient and modern, according 
 to the beft information I could gather either out of 
 Books , experienced Huntfmen , and my own pra- 
 dJice. 
 
 ;;.» ;n 
 
 Of WdLXt-Hunt'iMg, 
 
 A Hart can naturally fwim a great way v infomuch 
 that I have heard of fome fo fore hunted in 
 Forefts near the Sea, that they have plung'd into it, and 
 have been killed by Fidier - men a doien miles from 
 land. 
 
 It is reported of them when they go fo Rut , and 
 muil for that purpofe crofs fome great River or Arm 
 of the Sea, they alTemble in great Herds, the llron- 
 geft goes in firll, and the next ot llrcngth follows hiiTi, 
 and fo one after the other, relieving themfelves 
 
 by 
 
by flaying their Heads on the Buttocks of each o- 
 
 ther. 
 
 The Hinde commonly carries her Calf eight or nine 
 moneths, which ufually falls in May^ although fome la- 
 ter : fome of them have two at once, eating the Skin up 
 wherein the Calf did lie. 
 
 As the Calf grows up, fhe teacheth it to run, leap, 
 and the way it muft keep to defend it felf from the 
 Hounds. 
 
 Harts and Hindeszxt very long-liv'd, living common'^ 
 ly an hundred years and upwards. 
 
 7he nature of a Hart. 
 
 The Hart is Aran gely amazed when he hears any one 
 call, or whiftle in his Filt \ For trial of which, fome fee- 
 ing a Hart in the Plain in motion, have called after him, 
 faying, Ware^ IFare^ or "take heed'-, and thereupon have 
 feen him inftantly turn back, making fome little ftand. 
 He heareth very perfectly when his Head and Ears are 
 crefted i but heareth imperfeftly when he holdeth them 
 down. When he is on foot, and not afraid, he won- 
 ders at every thing he fceth, and takcth plcafure to gaze 
 at them. 
 
 They bear fometimes few , and fomctimes more 
 Creches •, and that is the reafon that many men have 
 erred in their judgments as to their age. 
 
 Harts are bred in moll: Countries i, but the Antients 
 do prefer thofe of Britain before all others, where they 
 ire of divers colours. 
 
 Thefe do excel all others in the beauty of Horns* 
 which arc very high, yet do not grow to their Bones 
 3r Scalps, but to their Skin, branching forth into ma- 
 iy Speers, being folid throughout, and as hard as 
 Atones, and tall off once a year : but if they remain 
 ibroad in the Air, and ijiat thereby they are fometimes 
 
 wet 
 
wet and dry, they grow as light as any vjmifliing oi 
 other fubftance, as I have proved by experience, find- 
 ing fonie which have been loft by them in the Woods 
 wherefore I gather, that they are of an earthly fubN 
 fiance, concrete, and hardned with a ftrong heat, made 
 like unto Bones. They lofe thcfe Horns every year 
 in the Spring. At one year old they have nothing 
 but Bunches, that are fmall fignificators of Horns to 
 come : at two years they appear more perfectly, but 
 ftraight and fimple : at three years they grow into two 
 Spears : at four, into three ••, and fo increafe every year 
 in their Branches till they be fix ■, and above that time 
 their age is not certainly to be difcerned by theirii 
 Head. 
 
 Having loft their Horns in the day - time , they 
 hide themfelves, inhabiting the fliades , to avoid the 
 annoyance of Flies, and feed, during that time onely, 
 in the night. Their new Horns come out at firft 
 like Bunches, and afterwards C as I faid before } by 
 the increafe of the Sun's heat they grow more hard, 
 covered with a rough Skin, which is called a Velvet- 
 headh and as that Skin drieth, they daily try the ftrength 
 of their new Heads upon Trees i which not onely 
 fcrapeth off" the roughnefs, but by the pain they feel thus 
 rubbing them, they are taught how long to forbear the 
 company of their fellows : for at laft, . when in thei^ 
 chating and fretting of tli£ir new Horn againft the 
 Tree they can feel no longer pain and fmart in them, 
 they take it for high time to forfake their folitary 
 dwellings, and return again to their former conditi- 
 on. 
 
 The reafon why Harts and Veers do lofe theiif: 
 Horns yearly, are thefe : Firft, becaufe of the matter 
 whereof they conliftj for it is dry and earthy, like 
 the fubftance of green Leaves which have an yearly 
 fall, likewife, wanting glewing or ht)lding moifture 
 
 to. 
 
I f)f 5)att^6utttitt(r* 5P 
 
 to continue them h wherefore the Horn of a Hart can- 
 not be bent. Secondly, fronn the place they grow upK, 
 on i for they are not rooted upon the Skull, but onely 
 within the Skin. Thirdly, from the efficient caufe-. 
 For they are hardned both with the heat of Summer, and 
 cold of Winter s by means whereof the Pores to re- 
 ceive their nouri(hing Liquor are utterly (hut up and 
 (topped, fo as of neceflity their native heat dieth h which 
 felleth not out in other Beafts, whole Horns are for 
 the moft part hollow, and fitted for longer conti- 
 nuance i but thefe are of leffer, and the new Bunches 
 fweiling up towards the Spring, do thruft off the old 
 Horns, having the ailiftance of Boughs of Trees, weight 
 nf the Horns, or by the willing excuflion of the Beaft 
 that beareth them. 
 
 It is obferved , that when a Hart pricketh up his 
 Ears, he windeth {harp, very far, and fure, and difco- 
 vereth all treachery againft him i but if they hang 
 down and wag, he perceiveth no danger. By their 
 Teeth is their Age difcerned, and they have four on 
 both fides wherewith they grinds their meat, befides 
 two other, much greater in the Male than in the Fe- 
 male. All thefe Beafis have Worms in their Head 
 ijnderneath their Tongue, in a hollow place where the 
 ISJeck-bone is joyned to the Head, which are no big- 
 ger than Hie -blows. His Blood is not like other 
 Beafts, for it hath no Fibres in it, and therefore it is 
 hardly congealed. His Heart is very great , and fo 
 ire all thofe of fearful Beads , having in it a BcMie 
 like a Crofs. He hath no Gall, and that is one of 
 the caufes of the length of his life i and therefore are 
 his Bowels fo bitter , that the Dogs will not touch 
 them unlefs they be very fat. The Genital-part is all 
 nervy s the Tail fmall j and the Hin^e hath Udders 
 betwixt her Thighs, with four Speans like a Gow. 
 Thefe are above all other four-footed Beafis, both 
 
 in- 
 
6q m ^att-Ijimtittg* 
 
 ingenious and fearful, who although they have krgj 
 Horns, yet their defence againft other four-footed Bealh 
 is to run away. 
 
 And now if you will credit Gefner as a Huntfnnan; 
 pray here obferve what account he gives of Hunting 
 the Hart : ThU wild deceitful and fuhtik Beaji ( fay: 
 he ) by windings and turnings does often deceive it. 
 Hunter , as the Harts of Meandros flying from the ter 
 rible cry of Diana'j Hounds, Wherefore the pruderi ! 
 Hunter muft frame his Dogs as Pythagor^ did hi I 
 Scholars, with words of Art to fet them on, and taki I 
 them off again at his pleafure v wherefore he mul | 
 firftofallcompafsintheBeaft (enfongi^e) inherowij 
 Layr, and fo unhaibour her in the view of the Dogs | 
 that fo they may never lofe her Slot or Footing : nei ■ 
 ther muft he fet upon every one, either of the Hen I 
 or thofe that wander folitary alone, or a little one 
 but partly by Cght, and partly by their Footing ani ; 
 Fumets, judge of their Game > alfo he muft obferv \ 
 the largenefs of his Layr* Being thus informed, the: ; 
 Vifcokples les chiens, take off your Dog - Couplings 
 and fome on Horfe-back, others on foot, follow th 
 Cry with greateft art, obfervation and fpeed, rcmen: 
 bring and preventing (cerjruze) the fubtile turning 
 and headings of the Hart s ftraining with all dexterit 
 to leap Hedge, Pale, Ditch, nay Rocks j neither fearin 
 Thorns, down Hills, nor Woods, but providing frel 
 Horfe if the firft tire, follow the largeft Head ( 
 the whole Herd , which you muft endeavour t 
 llngle out for the Chafe \ which the Dogs perceivin 
 muft follow, taking for a prohibition to follow any ( 
 ther. 
 
 The Do^ are animated by the winding of Horn 
 and voices of the Huntfmen, like Souldiers to th 
 battle, by the noife of Trumpets and other Warlit 
 Jnflruments. But fometimes the crafty great beaft fef 
 
 det 
 
deth forth his little Squire to be facrificed to the Dogs 
 and Huntfmen, inftead of himfelf i lying clofe in the 
 mean time : Then muft a Retreat be founded, and Croni' 
 pKC le chkns) the Dogs be broken off, and taken in (h 
 Limkr) that is, Leame again, until they be brought to 
 the fairer Game i who arifeth in fear, yet ftill ftriveth 
 by flight, until he be wearied and breathlefs. 
 
 The Nobles call this beaft (Cerf fagt) a wife Hart^ 
 who, to avoid all his Enemies, runneth into the 
 greateft Herds, and fo bringeth a Cloud of errour 
 on the Dogs, to keep them from further profecution i 
 fometimes alfo beating fome of the Herd into his 
 Footings, that fo he may the more eafily efcape, and 
 procure a Labyrinth to the Dogs i after which he be- 
 taketh himfelf to his Heels again, running ftill with 
 the Wind, not onely for refrigeration, but becaufe he 
 may the more eafily hear the voice of his purfuersi 
 whether they be far or near. At laft, being for all this 
 found out again by the obfervance of the Hunters, and 
 skilful Scent of the Dogs, he flieth into the Herds of Cat- 
 tle, as Cows, Sheep, &c, leaping on an Ox or Cow, 
 laying the foreparts of his body thereon, that fo touch- 
 ing the Earth onely with his hinder Feet, to leave a ve- 
 ry fmall or no fcent at all behinde for the Hounds to 
 defcern. 
 
 The chief Huntfraan to LeveU the twelfth, called (k 
 Grand Venienr) aftirmeth, that on a time, they having 
 a Hart in chafe, fuddenly the Hounds were at a fault, fo 
 as the Game was out of fight, and not aDog would once 
 ftir his foot, whereat the Hunters were all amazed i at 
 laft, by carting about, (as it is ufual infuch cafesythey 
 found the fraud of the crafty beaft, which is worth the 
 memory. 
 
 There was a great White-thorn, which grew in a 
 (hadowy place as high as a Tree, and was environed with 
 other fmall fhrubs about it » into the which the faid 
 
 Uart 
 
4» ^fPawiMMingi 
 
 Hart leaped, and there flood aloft the Boughs fprea- 
 ding from one another, and there rennained till he 
 was thruft through by a Huntfman, rather than he 
 would yield to the angry and greedy Hounds. Ytt 
 their manner is when they fee themfelves every where 
 intercepted, to make force at him with their Horns 
 who firft comes unto him, except prevented by Sword I 
 or Spear i which being done , the Hunter with his 
 Horn windeth the fall of the Beafl, and then every 
 one approacheth, luring with triumph for fuch a con* 
 queft, of whom the skilfulleft openeth the Beaft, re- 
 warding the Hounds with what properly belongeth 
 unto them for their future encouragement •, and for 
 that purpofe the Huntfmen dip Bread in the Skin and 
 Blood of the Beaft, to give unto the Hounds their full 
 fatisfai^ion. 
 
 Veloces Spart£ catulos^ aeremq; MolloJJum 
 Fafce fero pingui, dec. 
 
 Much more might be faid of this prcfent fubjed*, 
 which is not proper in this place i wherefore I Ihall 
 refer you to what foUoweth, and your own experi- 
 ence. 
 
 Of the Kut of Harts. 
 
 The time of their Rutting is about the mid ft ol 
 September^ and continues two nronths : the older they 
 are, the hotter, and the better beloved by the Hindcs i 
 and therefore they go to Rut before the young ones 5 
 and, being very fiery, will not fuffer any of them to 
 come near the Hindes till they have fatisfied theit 
 Venery. But the young ones are even with the old ^^ 
 for when they perceive the old are grown weak by 
 cxcefs of Rutting, the young will frequently attaquc 
 
 them, 
 
them, And make them quit the place, that they may be 
 mafters of the fport. c^ 
 
 They are eafily kill'd in Rutting time : for they fol- 
 low thefcent of the Hindes with fuch greeHjnefs, lay- 
 ing theiiNofes to the ground, that they mind that fole- 
 ly, and nothing elfe. 
 
 They are fuch great lovers of the fport, it is very 
 dangerous for any man to come near them at this fea- 
 fon, for then they will make at any living cieature of 
 different kind. niiJaco o^ 
 
 In fomc places, in O&ober their Luft arifeth, and atlb 
 in May ; and then, whereas at other times the Maleslive 
 apart from the Females, they go about like lafcivious 
 Lovers, feeking the company of their Females, as it were 
 at the Market of Fe«w. 
 
 The Males in their raging defired Luft have a peculi- 
 ar noife, which the French call Reere, One Male will 
 cover a many Females, continuing in this carnal appe- 
 tite a month or two. The Females are chafte, and unwil- 
 ling to admit of Copulation, by reafon of the rigour of 
 the Male's Genital i and therefore they fink down on 
 their buttocks when they begin to feel his Seed, as it hath 
 been often obferved in tame Harts •-, and if they can, the 
 Females run away, the Males ftriving to hold them back 
 within their fore-Feet. It cannot be well faid, that they 
 are covered ftanding, lying, or going, but rather running, 
 for fo are they hlled with greateft feveiity. When one 
 month or fix weeks is over of their Rutting, they grow 
 tamer by-much, and laying afide all fiercenels, they return 
 to their folitary places, digging every one by himfelf a fe- 
 Veral Hole or Ditch, wherein they lie, to alTwage the 
 ftrong favour of their Luft j for they ftink like Goats, and 
 their Face beginneth to look blacker than at other times : 
 and in thofe places they live till fome ShoWers diftil from 
 the Clouds > after which, they return to their Pafture a- 
 gain, living in Flocks as before, 
 
 F the 
 
The Female, thus filled, never keepeth company jt- 
 gain with the Male until (he is delivered of her bur- 
 then, which is eight months ■, and but one at a time, 
 feldom two, which (he lodgeth cunningly in feme 
 Covert: \i (lie perceive them ftubborn and wilde, 
 {he will beat ihem with her Feet till they lie clofe and 
 quiet. 
 
 Oftentimes (he leadeth forth her young, teaching it ts 
 run and leap over bu(hes, flones, and fmall (hrubsi and 
 fo continueth all the Summer long, while their own 
 ftjfength is mol\ confiderable. 
 
 • It is very pleafant to obferve them when they go to 
 Ruir^iand make their Vaut. For when they fmell the 
 Hindti they raife their Nofe up into the Air, looking 
 aloft, as though they gave thanks to the God of Na- 
 ture, who gave them fo great delight and pleafure. 
 i\nd if it be a great Hart^ he will turn his Head and 
 look about to fee whether there be none near to inter- 
 lupt or fpoil his fport. Hereat the young fly away for 
 fear : but if there be any of equal bigncfs, they then 
 ihive which (hall Vaut firll i and in the oppoling each o- 
 ther, they fcrape the ground with their Feet, Ihocking 
 and butting each other fo furioufly, that you (hall hear 
 the noife they make with their Horns a good half mile, 
 fo long, till one of them is Vidor. The Hinde behold- 
 ing this Pallime, never itirs from her ftation, expcdting, 
 as it were, the Vauting of him who hath theMaftery » 
 and having got it, he bellows, and then inftantly covers 
 her. 
 
 During the time of their Rut, they eat but very lit- 
 tle ', for they feed onely on what they fee before them, 
 minding more the track of the Hindes. Their chief 
 meat is the red Mufhrome, which helps them to evacuate 
 their Grcafe : they are then extraordinary hot, infb- 
 inuch, that every where as they pafs and find waters, 
 4htv tumble and lie therein, 
 
 ' The 
 
S)f s^m^umtm. 
 
 The time of Harts Memng, cr Cajiin^ 
 the Head, 
 
 The old i^art cafteth his Head fooner than the 
 young : and the time is about the months of February 
 and March • 
 
 Here note, that if you geld an Hart before he hath 
 an Head, he will never bear any ■, and if you geld 
 him when he hath it, he will never aftet Mew or cad 
 it : and fo, if you geld him when he hath a Velvet- 
 head, it will ever be fo, without fraying or burniih- 
 ing. 
 
 Having caft their Heads, they inftantly withdraw 
 unto the Thickets, hiding themfelves in fuch convenient 
 places where they may have good Water, and ftrong 
 Feeding, near fome ground where Wheat or Peafe is 
 fown : But young Harts do never betake themfelves ro 
 the Thickets till they have born their third Head, which 
 is in the fourth year. 
 
 After they have Mewed, they will begin to Button in 
 March and April s and as the Sun grows ftrong, and the 
 feafon of the year puts forward the Crop of the Earth, fo 
 will their Heads increafe in all refpeds : fo that in the 
 mid ft of Jufie their Heads will be fummed as much as 
 ihey will bear all the year. 
 
 Of the Coats and Colour of ^artSi 
 
 The Coats of Harts are of three fundry forts, Broa>nj 
 Ked^ and faUorv i and of every of thefe Coats there 
 proceeds two forts of Harts, the one are great, the o* 
 ther little. 
 
 Of brown Harts^ there are fome great, long, and 
 
 hairy, bearing a high Head, red of colour, and well 
 
 F 2 beam'^d. 
 
66 sDf 5)atMjitntfttfi:*^ 
 
 beamM, who will fiand before Hounds very long, being 
 longer of breath, and fwifter of foot than thofe oi a 
 (horter ftature. 
 
 There are another fort of brown Harts ^ which are 
 little, ftiort, and well-fet , bearing commonly a black 
 Main, and are fatter and better Venifon than the for- 
 mer, by reafon of their better feeding in young Cop- 
 fes. 
 
 They are very crafty, efpecially when in greafe \ and 
 will be hardly found, becaufe they know they are then 
 moft enquired after : befides, they are very fenfible they 
 cannot then (land long before the Hounds. If they be 
 old, and feed in good ground, then are their Heads black, 
 lair, and well branched, and commonly palmed at the 
 top. 
 
 The FalIow-H(«r// bear their Heads high, and of a 
 whiti(h colour, their Beams fmall, their Anthers long, 
 flender, and ill-grown, having neither Heart, Courage, 
 nor Force. But thofe which are of a lively Red-fal- 
 low, having a black or brown Lift down the Ridge of 
 the Back, are rtrong, bearing fair and high Heads, well 
 furnifhed and beam'd. 
 
 Of the. Heads and Branches of Hearts, and their diverftties. 
 
 As there are feveral forts of Harts^ fo have they 
 their Heads in a divers fort and manner, according to 
 their Age, Country, Reft, and Feeding. Here note, 
 that they bear not their Hrft Head, which we call Bro- 
 ches, and in a Fallow- Peer Pricks, until they enter the 
 fecond year of their Age. In the third year they bear 
 four,rix,or eight fmall Branches : At the fourth,they bear 
 eight or ten : at the fifth, ten or twelve : at fix, four- 
 teen or fixteen : and at the feventh year they bear their 
 Heads Beam'd, Branched, and Summed with as much as 
 ever they will bear, and do never multiply but in great- 
 nefs oncly. Hotft 
 
how io ktiow an old Hart by the Slot, Entries, Ahatuns 
 and Foils, Fervtnets, Gate and iValk^, Fraying' , 
 Stocky, Head and Branches^ 
 
 I (hall proceed in order, and firft of the Slot* You 
 muft carefully look on the Tread ings of the Hart\ 
 Foot : If you find the Treadings of two, the one long, 
 the other round, yet both of one bignefs i yet (hall the 
 long Slot declare the Hart to be much larger than the 
 round. 
 
 Moreover, the old Hart's hind-foot doth never over- 
 reach the fore-foot \ the young one's doth. 
 
 But above all, take this Obtervatlon : When you are 
 in the Wood, and have found the Slot of a Hart^ mark 
 what manner of Footing it is, whether worn, or (harp v 
 and accordingly obferve the Country , and thereby 
 judge whether either may be occafioned thereby. For 
 Harts bred in mountainous and ftony Countries, have 
 their Toes and fides of their Feet worn, by reafon o^ 
 their continual climbing and refting themfelves there-^ 
 on, and not on the Heel : whereas in other places they 
 ftay themfelves more on the Heel than Toes : For in, 
 foft or fandy ground they (lip upon the Heel, by reafon 
 of their weight j and thus by frequent ftaying them- 
 felves thereon, it makes the Heel grow broader and grea- 
 ter, And thus you may know the age of a Hirt by his 
 Slot or Treading. 
 
 The next thing to be confidered, is the Fewmifhing i 
 :^nd thi^ is to be }udgcd of in A^ril or May, If the 
 Fewmets be great, large, and thick, they fignifie ihtHart 
 to Se old. 
 
 In the midft of Jmie and July-, they make their 
 Fewmets or Fewmifhing in great Croteys, very foft » 
 and from that time to the end of Augull, they make 
 them ^rca,t5 long, knotty, anointed and gilded, let- 
 s' 3, tipic 
 
6t ®f 5)att'Junttng* 
 
 ting them fall but few and fcattered. In Septemher and 
 
 OB§ber there is no longer judging, by reafon of the 
 
 Ruf. 
 
 Thirdly, If you would know the height and thick- 
 
 ncfs of the Hart^ obferve his Entries and Galleries into 
 
 the Thickets, and what Boughs he hath over-ftridden, 
 
 and markfrona thence the height of his Belly from the 
 
 ground. 
 
 By the height of the Entries, we judge the age of a 
 
 Hart : for a young T>ecr is fuch as creeps ufually > but 
 
 the old is ftiff and Itately. 
 
 His greatnefs is known by the height of his creeping 
 
 as he palfes to his Harbour i the young Veer creeping 
 
 low, which the old will not ftoop to. 
 
 Fourthly, Take notice of his G^te, by which you 
 
 may know whether the Hart be great and long, and 
 
 whether he will ftand long before the Hounds or nor. 
 
 For all Harts which have a long ftep will ftand up ve- 
 ry long, being fwift, light, and well breath'd i but if he 
 leave a great Slot, which is the figne of an old Peer, he 
 will never ftand long when he is chafed. 
 
 Laftly, Take notice of his Fraying-poft : Where 
 note, the elder the Hart is, the fooner he goeth to Fray, 
 and the greater is the Tree' he feeketh to F'ray uponi and 
 (uch as he cannot bend with his Head. 
 
 All Stags as they are burniftiM, beat their Heads dry 
 againft fome Tree or other, which is called their Fray- 
 ing-poft : The younger Deer againft weaker and leffer 
 Trees, and lower i the elder againft bigger and ftronger, 
 and Fray higher 5 fo that accordingly we confidently 
 judge of their age, and of the nearnefs of their Harbour i 
 for that is the laft Ceremony they ufe before they envcr 
 it. 
 
 As to the Head and Branches, the Hart is old , Firft, 
 when the compafs of the Bur is large, great, and well 
 Dearl'd. ■ 
 
 • " ' Second- 
 
Secondly, when the Beam is great, burniflied, and 
 well pearl'd, being ftraight, and not made crooked by 
 the Antliers. 
 
 Thirdly, when the Gutters therein are great and 
 deep. " -> 
 
 Fourthly, when the firft Anther, called Antoiller^ is 
 great, long, and near to the Bur \ the Surantlier near 
 unto the Antlier : and they ought to be both well 
 pearl'd. 
 
 Fifthly, The reft of the Branches which are higher, 
 being well ordered and fet, and well grown, according 
 to the bignefs and proportion of the Head \ and theCro- 
 ehes. Palm or Crown being great and large according 
 to the bignefs of th? Beam^ are the lignes of an old 
 Hart, 
 
 Now fince many men cannot underftand the names 
 and diverfities of Heads according to the Terms of 
 Hunting, I (hall in the following Chapter give you a 
 brief accoun t thereof. 
 
 TA? Names and diverfities of Heads^ according 
 to Hunting - Terms, 
 
 The thing that beareth the Antliers, Royals, and 
 Tops, is called the Beam j apd the little Itreaks therein 
 are called Gjiff^frj". 
 
 That which is about the Cruft of the Beam, is termed 
 Pearls : and that which is about the Bur it felf, form- 
 ed like little Pearls, is called Pearls bi^zer than the 
 refi. 
 
 The Bur is next the Head •-, and that which is about 
 the Bur, is called Pearls, The firft is called Antlier i, 
 the fecond, Surantlier : All the reft which grow after- 
 wards, until yoa come to the Crown, Palm, or Ctochc, 
 are called Koyals^ and Sur-myals : The little Buds or 
 ^roches ^bout the Top, are called Crocks, 
 
70 SDf ii)att-6imtittffv 
 
 Their Heads go by feveral Names : The firft Head is 
 called a Crotpned Top, becaufe the Groches are ranged ii> 
 form of a Crown. 
 
 The fecond is called a V aimed Top, becaufe the Cro- 
 chcs are formed like a mans Hand. 
 
 Thirdly, all Heads which bear not above three or 
 four, theCroches being placed aloft, all of one height, 
 in form of a clufter of Nuts, are to be called Heads of 
 fo many Croches. 
 
 Fourthly, all Heads which bear two in the Top, or 
 having their Croches doubling, are to be called Fork^d^ 
 Heads, 
 
 Fifthly, all Heads whi^ch have double Burs, or the 
 Anthers, Royals, and Croches turned downwards, con- 
 trary to other Heads., are onely called Heads, 
 
 How to feek^a Hart in hit Haunts or Feeding-places 
 according to the feafons of the year. 
 
 All Harts do change their manner of Feeding every 
 month i and therefore I (hall treat orderly of every one 
 till I have concluded the year \ beginning with that 
 month which is the conclufion of their Rutting - time, 
 and that is November^ in which month they feed in 
 Heaths and Broomy places. 
 
 In Vecember they Herd together , and withdraw 
 themfelves into the ftrength of the Forcfts, to (belter 
 themfelves from the cold Winds, Snows, and FroHs, 
 and do feed on the Holm-trees, Elder-trees, Brambles, 
 with whatfoever other green thing they can find i and 
 if it fnow, they will skin the Trees like a Goat. 
 
 In January^ February, and March^ they leave Herd- 
 ding, but will keep four or five in company, and in 
 the corners of the Foreft will feed on the Winter=.pa- 
 fture-, fometimes making their incurfions into the 
 neighbouring Corn -Fields, if they can perceive the 
 
 • ' ' . ^ blades 
 
blades of Wheat, Rie, or fuch-like, appear above 
 ground. 
 
 In April and May they reft in their Thickets , and 
 other bufliy and (hady places, during that feafon , and 
 ftir very little till Rutting-timc, unlefs they are di- 
 iturb'd. 
 
 There are feme Hearts are fo cunning, that they will 
 Jiave two feveral Layrs to harbour in, a good diftancc 
 one from the other i and will frequently change (for 
 their greater fecurity) from the one to the other, taking 
 ftill the benefit of the Wind. 
 
 In thefe months they go not to the Soil, by reafon of 
 the moifture of the Spring, and the Dew that con tinaal- 
 ly overfpreadeth the Grafs. 
 
 In y«ne, July^ and Anguii^ they are in their pride 
 of greafc, and do refort to Spring-Copfes, and Corn- 
 fields > onely they feldom go where Rye or Barley 
 grow. 
 
 In September and OBoher they leave their Thickets 
 and go to Rut \ during which feafon they have no cer- 
 tain place either for food or harbour. 
 
 In xphat manner the Hunt [man jhall go drawing 
 in the Sf rings. 
 
 Let him not come too early into the Springs or 
 ^ewts where he thinketh the Hart feedeth, and is at 
 relief.- For they ufually go to their Layrs in the 
 Springs i and if they be old crafty Veer, they will re- 
 turn to the border of the Copfe, and there liften whether 
 they can hear any approaching danger : and if they 
 chance once to vent the Huntfraan or the Hound, they 
 will inftantly diflodge. 
 
 Now is the Huntfman's proper time. Let him 
 beat the outfides of the Springs or Thickets : if he 
 find the Track of an Hart or Veer, let him obfcrve 
 
 whe- 
 
whether it be new j which he may know thus i the 
 Dew will be beaten off,, the Foil fre(h, or the ground 
 brbken or printed, with other tokens : fo he may judge 
 his Game lately went that way. 
 
 Having found this Slot or Treading, and the Hound 
 flicking well upon if, let him hold hini (hort, for he- 
 fhall better draw being fo held, than if he were let at 
 length of the Lyam : and thus let him draw till he is 
 come to the Covert, ifpoffible, taking notice by the 
 way of the Slot, Foils, Entries, and the like, till he hath 
 harboured him. That done, let him plafh down fmall 
 Twigs, fome above, and fome below, as he (hall think 
 fit : and then, whilft the Hound is hot, let him beat the 
 outfides, and make his Ring-walks twice or thrice about 
 the Wood, one while by the great and open ways, that 
 he may help himfelf by the Eye ; another while through 
 the thick and Covert, for fear left his Hound fliould over- 
 flioot it, having ftill better Scent in the Coverts than 
 High- ways. , ■ ^^ V 
 
 If he doubt the Hkn fs gone out of the Ring-walks, or 
 fears he hath drawn amifs i then let him go to the marks 
 which he plafhed, and draw counter, till he may take up 
 the Fewmet. 
 
 th?. direBiomfor Harboumg a Stag are thefe : 
 
 The Harbourer having taught his Hound to draw 
 mute always round the outfldc of the Covert, a's foon 
 as his Hound challenges, which he knows by his ea- 
 ger flourifhing, and Itraining his Lyam, he then is to 
 feek for his Slot : If he hndes the Heel thick, and 
 the Toe fpreading broad, it argues an old Veer, efpe- 
 cially if it is fringed, ( that is, broken on the fides. ) 
 However, if the ground be too hard to make any 
 judgment from the Slot, he is to draw into the Covert, 
 as he p^ffes obferving the fize of the Entries j the larger 
 
land higher, the elder the Veer > as alfo his Croppin|>s of 
 the Tenders as he pafTcs : (the younger the Deer, the 
 lower i the elder the Veer, the higher he branchesO 
 Alfo obferve his Fewmifhings as you pafs, whofe large- 
 nefs befpeak the largenefs of the Veer '•> alfo be curious 
 in obferving his Fraying-poft, which ufually is the laft 
 opportunity you have to judge by, the eldefl: Veer Fray- 
 ing higheft againft the biggcft Trees i and that found, 
 you may conclude his Harbour not far off* therefore 
 draw with more circumfped:ion,checking yourDraught- 
 hound to fecure him from fpending when he comes fo 
 near as to have the Veer in the Wind : and then by his 
 eagernefs you having difcovered that, ought to draw 
 him i and having retired fome diftance back, you are 
 with your Hound to round the place firft at a confide- 
 jable diftance i and then, if you Hnd him not difturbed, 
 a little within that make your fecond round •-, which 
 will not onely fecure you that he is in his Harbour, but 
 ■will alfo fecure his continuance there *, for he will not 
 (unforc'd j pafs that Taint your Hound hath left in the 
 rounding of him. So that having broken a bough for 
 his diredtion , he may at any time unhaibour that 
 Hart. 
 
 Haw to find a Hart lofl the night before* 
 
 A Huntfman may fail of killing a Hart divers 
 ways ', fomefimes by reafon of great heat, or overtaken 
 with the night, and the like, if any fuch thing (hould 
 happen, then thus you mufi: do. Firft, they which 
 follow the Hounds, muft mark the place where they 
 left the Chafe, and at break of day bring your Blood- 
 hound to it with your Kennel after him. If any hound 
 vents, whom he knows to be no Lier or Babler, he 
 (hall put his Hound to it, whooping twice, or blow- 
 ing two Notes with his Horn, to c*ll all his fellows 
 • ■' ' ' ■ about 
 
74 2)f s?m4)m\tm. 
 
 about him : and if he find where the Hart is gone in<^ 
 to fome likely Govert or Grove, then muft he draw hij 
 Hounds about it, and beat crofs through it. And if 
 there he renews his Slot or View, let him firft coniider 
 whether it be the right or not : if it be the right, let 
 him blow his Horn. Now if be find five or fix Layrs, 
 let it not feem ftrange i for Harti hunted and fpcnt, do 
 frequently make many Layrs together, becaufe they 
 cannot ftand, but lie and feed. 
 
 Harts which are hunted, moft commonly run up the 
 "Wind, and ftraight forwards as far as they are able, and 
 finding any Water or Soil, do ftay a long time therein i 
 by which means their Joynts are fo bcnummed and 
 ftiffned, that coming out they cannot go far, nor ftand 
 up long •, and therefore are compelled to take any Har- 
 bour they can finde, which may be a prefcnt Covert to 
 ^em. 
 
 Hon> to find a Hart in high Woods. 
 
 In the fecking of a Hart in high Woods, regard mufl'^ 
 be had to two things •, that is, the Thickets of the Fo- 
 reft, and the Seafon. 
 
 If it be in very hot weather, Gnats, Horfe-flies, and 
 fuch-like, drive the T>egr out of the high Wood, and 
 they difperfe themfelvcs into fmall Groves and Thic- 
 kets near places of good feeding. According to thej 
 Coverts which are in the Forelt, fo accordingly the 
 Huntfman muft make his enquiry. For fometimes th« 
 Harts lie in the Tufts of White-thorn i fometimes un^ 
 der little Trees i other whiles under great Trees in th^ 
 high Woods j and fometimes in the Skirts of the 
 Forcft under the (helter of little Groves and Copfesj 
 And therefore the Huntfman muft make his Ring-wallj 
 great or fmall, according to the largcnefs of thofe Har- 
 bours or Coverts. 
 
 Horn 
 
flDf 5)att'8imtinff^ 75 
 
 H(ja> to Vnharbour a Hart, and caji off the Hounds, 
 
 When the Relays are well fet and placed, let the 
 fluntfman with his Pole walk before the Kennel of 
 Hounds : Being come to the Blennifties, let him take 
 notice of the Slot, and fuch other marks as may be 
 obferved from the View of the Peer, to the intent 
 he may know whether the Hounds run Riot or not. 
 Then let the Huntfmen caft abroad about the Covert, 
 to difcover the Hart when he is unharboured, the bet- 
 ter to diftinguifti him by his Head or otherwife. The 
 Huntfman having unharboured him, all the Hounds 
 (hall be caft off, they crying one and all , To him^ to 
 him ', That'*! /;e, that^s he, with fuch words of encourage- 
 ment. 
 
 If the Blood-hound as he draweth chance to over- 
 (hoot, and draw wrong or counter, then muft the 
 Huntfman draw him back, and fay, B^cj^, back,^ Soft^foft, 
 until he hath fet him right again : and if he perceive 
 that the Hound hath mended his fault, by his kneeling 
 down, and obferving the Slot or Ports, he muft then che- 
 ri(h him, by clapping him on the Back, and giving him 
 fome encouraging words. Thus let him draw on with 
 his Hound till the Veer be defcried. 
 
 Now fome are fo cunning and crafty, that when they 
 ire unharboured from their Layr, they will coaft round 
 about to finde fome other Deer, whereby the Hounds 
 may be confounded in the change of hunts. 
 
 If the Huntfman have the Hart in view, let him ftill 
 draw upon the Slot, blowing and hollowing until the 
 Hounds are come in. When he feeth they are in full cry, 
 md take it right, he may then mount, keeping under the 
 IVind, and cgaft to crofs the Hounds that are in chafe, 
 to help them at default, if need require* 
 
 What 
 
7^ fl)f ^att^&uitt(ttff* 
 
 WhatfuUiltks are ufed in Hunting a Hart dtforce» 
 
 Let the Huntfman never come nearer the Hound 
 in cry, than fifty or threefcore paces, efpecially at thi 
 lirft uricoupling, or at cafting off their Relays. For i 
 a Hiirt make Doublings, or wheel about, or crofs befor 
 the Hounds, as he feldom doth \ if then you come in toi 
 hadily, you will fpoil the Slot or View i and fo th 
 Hounds, for want of Scent, will be apt tooverftioot tb 
 Chafe : but if after hunting an hour, tne Huntfmar 
 perceive that the Hart makes out end-ways before th' 
 Hounds, and that they follow in full cry, taking it right 
 then he may come in nearer, and blow a Recheat to thi 
 Hounds to encourage them. Hereupon the Hart wil 
 frequently feek other Deer at Layr, and rouze them, or 
 purpofe to make the Hounds hunt change, and will li( 
 down flat in fome of their Layrs upon his Belly,, and ftt 
 let the Hounds over-flioot him : and becaufe they flial 
 neither fcent or vent him, he will gather up all his foui 
 Feet under his Belly, and will blow and breath on rom( 
 molll: place of the ground, in fuchfort, that I have feet 
 the Hounds pafs by fuch a Hart within a yard, and ne 
 ver vent him. 
 
 For which caufe Huntfmen {hould blemi(h at fuel- 
 places they fee the Hart enter into a Thicket, to thi; 
 end, that if the Hounds fhould fall to change, they may 
 return to thofe BlemiQies, and put their Hounds to the 
 right Slot and View, until they have rouzed or found 
 him again. 
 
 The Hart hath another way to bring the Hounds tc 
 change > and that is, when he feeth himfelf clofelj 
 purfued, and that he cannot (hun them, he will break 
 into one Thicket after another to finde Peer, rouzing 
 and herding with them, continuing fo to do fome- 
 times above an hour before he will part from them, or 
 
 break 
 
break Herd. Finding himfelf fpent, he will break herd, 
 and fall a doubling and croffing in fome hard High-way 
 that is much beaten, or elfe in fome River or Brook, in 
 which he will keep as long as his breath will permit 
 him : and if he be far before the Hounds, it may be 
 then he will ufe his former device, in gathering his 
 Legs up under his belly as he lies flat along upon fome 
 hard and dry place. Sometimes he will take foil, and 
 fo cover himfelf under the water, that you (hall perceive 
 nothing but his Nofe. 
 
 In this cafe the Huntfman muft have a fpecial regard 
 to his old Hounds, who will hunt leifurely and tear- 
 fully J, whereas the young Hounds will ovcr-ftioot their 
 Game. 
 
 If itfo chance that the Hounds iire at a default, and 
 hunt in feveral companies, then it may be gueffed that 
 the Hart hath broken herd from the frelh Veer., and 
 that the freOi Veer have feparated themfelves alfo: then 
 regard how the old Staunch-hounds make it, and obferve 
 the Slot i and where you fee any of the old Hounds 
 challenge, cheriih and encourage him, haftcning the reft 
 in to him, by crying Hark^to (uch a Hound, calling him 
 by his Name. 
 
 Here is to be noted, that they cannot make it fo good 
 in the hard High-ways as in other places, becaufe they 
 cannot have there fo perfect a fcent, either by reafon of 
 the Tracks or Footing of divers (orts cf hearts, or by 
 reafon of the Sun drying up the moifture, fo that the 
 durt covereth the Slot : now in fuch places (fuch is the 
 natural fubtilty of that beaft for felf-prefervation) the 
 Hart will make many Croffcs and Doublings, holding 
 them long together, to make the Hounds give over the 
 Chafe. 
 
 In this cafe , the firlt care of the Huntfman is, to 
 make good the Head, and then draw round apace, firft 
 down the Wind, though ufually Veer go up the Wind : 
 
 and 
 
78 fl)f I6>art"6untitts* 
 
 and if thd way is too hard to Slot, befure to try far c- 
 nough back. This expert Hounds will frequently do of 
 themfelves. 
 
 But if a Hart break out into the Champion-country, 
 and that it be in the heat of the day, between Noon 
 and three of the clock i then if the Huntfman perceive 
 his Hounds out of breath, he muft not force them much, 
 but comfort them i and though they do not call upon 
 the Slot or View, yet it is fufficient if they but wag 
 their Tails •, for, being almoli fpcnt, it is painful for 
 them to call. 
 
 The laft Refuge of a Hart forely hunted is the Water, 
 (which, according to Art, is termed the Soil) fwim- 
 niing oftnelt down the Stream, keeping the middle, 
 fearing left by touching any bough by the Water-fide 
 he may give fcent unto the Hounds. 
 
 Always when you come to a Soil, C according to 
 the old Rule : He that mil his Chafe finde , let him firfi 
 try up the Kiver^ and dorvn the Wind) be fure if your 
 Hounds challenge but a yard above his going in, that 
 he is gone up the River : for though he ftiould keep 
 the very middle of the Stream, yet will that, with 
 the help of the Wind, lodge part of the Stream, and 
 Imbofti that comes from him on the Banks, it may be 
 a quarter of a mile lower, which hath deceived many. 
 Therefore firft try up the Stream : and where a Veet 
 firft breafts foil, both Man and Hound will beft perceive 
 it. 
 
 Now the ways to know when a Hart is fpcnt, are 
 thefe : Firfi^ He will run ftiff, high, and lompering^ 
 Secondly^ If his Mouth be black and dry without any 
 Foam upon it, and his Tongue hanging out » but they 
 will often clofe their Mouths, to deceive the Spedta- 
 tors. "thirdly^ By his Slot : for oftentimes he will 
 clofe his Claws together, as if he went at leifure i and 
 ftraightway again open them wide , making great 
 
 gliding?, 
 
glidings, and hitting his Dew-claws upon the ground, 
 following the beaten Paths without Doublings j and 
 fometimes going all along by a Ditch-fide, feeking fome 
 Gap, having not Ihength to leap it otherways : yet it 
 hath been often feen, that Dead-run Vtit have taken 
 very great leaps. 
 
 Thus murt a Huntfman govern himfelf according to 
 the fubtlety and Craft of the D^er, obferving their 
 Doublings and Grollings, and the places where they are 
 rnadei making his Rings little or great, according to 
 the nature of the place, time, and feafon : For Hounds 
 are fubjed to (hoot where Herbs and Flowers have their 
 inoil lively fcent and odoriferous fmell. Neither muft 
 you be unmindful of the perfedion and imperfedion of 
 your Hounds. Thus doing, it will be very hard luck it 
 you loofe a Hirt by dcfaulr. 
 
 Hovff to ki^ a Hart at Bay* 
 
 It is very dangerous to go in to a Hsrt at Bay, and 
 efpecially at Rutting - time \ for then they are moll 
 hcrce. 
 
 1 here are two forts of Bays > one on the Land, the 
 other on tbe Water. If now the Hart be in a deep Wa- 
 ter, where you cannot well come to him, then couple up 
 your Dogs •, for (bould they long continue in the Water, 
 it would endanger furbating or foundering. Get then 
 a Boat, or fwim to him with a Dagger i or elfe with a 
 R.ope that hath a Noofe, and throw u over his Horns : 
 for if the Water be fo deep that the Hart fwims, there 
 is no danger in approaching him > otherwife you inuli 
 have a care. 
 
 As to the Land-bay, it the Hart be burnidied, then 
 muli you confider the place ; For if it be in a plain 
 and open place, where there is no Wood nor G^verf, 
 it is dangerous aiid hard to come in to him > but if 
 
 G it 
 
it belli a Hedge-fide or thicket, then, whilft the Hart is 
 rtaring on the Hounds, you may come covertly among 
 the bufhes behinde him, and cut his Throat. If you 
 mifs your aim, and the Hart turn head upon you, then 
 make fonie Tree ypur refuge *, or when the Hart is at 
 Bay, couple up your Hounds, and when you fee the 
 Hurt turn head to fly, gallop in roundly to him, and kill 
 him with your Sword. 
 
 Vire&ions at the Death of Buck or Hart. 
 
 The firft Ceremony when the Huntfmen come in 
 to the Death of a Veer^ is to cry IFare Haunch^ that 
 the Hounds may not break into the Veeri which ha- 
 ving fecured, the next is cutting his Throat, and there 
 blooding the youngeli Hounds, that they may the bet- 
 ter love a Deer^ and learn to leap at his Throat i then, 
 ' having blown the Mort, and all the company come 
 in, the belt perfon, that hath not taken Say before, is 
 to take up che Knife that the Keeper or Huntfman is 
 to lay crofs the Belly of the D^^r, ftanding clofe to 
 the left Shoulder of the Veer ^ fome holding by the 
 Fore - legs , and the Keeper or Huntfman drawing 
 down the Pizle, the perfon that takes Say, is to draw 
 the edge of the Knife leifurely along the very middle 
 of the Belly, beginning near the Brisket i and drawing 
 a little upon it, enough in the length and depth to difco- 
 ver how fat the Veer is, then he that is to break up 
 the Veer hrlt llits the Skin from the cutting of the 
 Throat downward, making the Arber, that fo the 
 Ordure may not break forth •, and then he is to pounch 
 him, rewarding the Hounds therewith. Next, he is 
 to prefent the fame pexCon that took the Say with a 
 drawn Hanger, to cut off' the Head i which done, 
 and the Hounds rewarded therewith, the concluding 
 Ceremony is , if a Buck, a double, if a Stag a treble 
 
 More 
 
Mort blown by one, >.nd then a whole Recheat in Con- 
 Tort by all that h;i7; Horns i and that fin i(hed, immedi- 
 ately a general If^hoo whoop. 
 
 It was formerly termed, Windz & Horn, becaufe Cas I 
 fuppofc ) all Horns were then compafied i but fince 
 .ftraight Horns are come into fafhioij, we fay, Bbn> aHor/iy 
 and fometimes, Sound a Horn. 
 
 In many cafes heretofore, Leafing was obferved i that 
 is, one mult be held, either crofs a Saddle, or on a mans 
 back, and with a pair of Dog-eouples receive ten pound 
 and a Purfc i that is, ten llripes, ("according to the nature 
 of the Crinne, more or lefs fevere) and an eleventh, that 
 ufed to be as bad as the other ten, called a Purje, 
 
 There are many Faults, as coming td late into the 
 Field, mirtaking any term of Art » thefe are of the lef- 
 ierlize: of the greater magnitude, hallowing a wrong 
 Deer, or leaving the Field before the death of the Veer, 
 6cc. 
 
 Buck-HuMthg. 
 
 THis Beaft is common in moft Countries, being as 
 corpulent as a Harti but in quantity refembleth 
 more a Roe^ except in colour. 
 
 The Males have Horns, which they lofe yearly ■■, but 
 the Fe'^iales none at all. Their colours are divers, buc 
 mort commonly branded or fandy on the back, having 
 a black lift all down along on the back j their bellies and 
 Odes fpotted with white, which they lofe by their old 
 age : and the Voes do efpecially vary in colour, being 
 fometimes all white, and therefore like unto Goats, ex- 
 cept in their hair, which is Ihorter. 
 
 In their Horns they differ not much from a Hart^ 
 G t ik: 
 
S2 f)f OBucfe'ljuntuig* 
 
 except in quantity , and that they grow out of their 
 Heads like Fingers out of the Hand j fuch is this FaUonf 
 Deer^ being therefore called Cervuf Palmatof, As fo^ 
 their other parts, they much refemble a Koe-buck; Their 
 riefh is excellent for nourilhn:ient, but their blood ingcn- 
 ders too much Melancholy. 
 
 Now know, the Buck^is Fawn'd about the latter end 
 of May^ and its nature and properties differ little from 
 the Hart. 
 
 There is not fo much art and skill in Lodging a Buck, 
 as in the Harbouring a Hart j neither is there required 
 fo much drawing after, but onely you are to judge by 
 ihe View, and mark what Grove or Covert he entrcth ■> 
 for he will not wander and rove up and down fo often as 
 a Hart, nor fo frequently change his Layr. 
 
 He maketh his Fewmilhings in divers manners and 
 forms, as the Hart doth, according to the diverGty of 
 Food, and time of the day, Morning and Evening i bur 
 molt commonly they are round. 
 
 The Hart and Bnck^ differ thus in parallel. When 
 the Buck^'xs hunted, he oft-times betakes himfelf to fuch 
 Itiong Holds and Coverts as he is molt acquainted 
 with, not flying far before the Hounds, not croiling nor 
 doubling, ufing no fuch fubtleties as the Hart is accu- 
 Oomed to. 
 
 The BucJ^wiW beat a Brook, (but feldom a great Pvi- 
 ver, as the Hart) but it murt not be fo deep ; nor can 
 he flay (^o long at Soil as the Hart will do : onely he 
 leapeth lightlier at Rut than the Hart > and gr»aneth 
 or tmateth, as a Hart belleth, but with a lower Voice, 
 ratling in the Throat. And here is to be noted, ihey 
 love not one another, nor will they come near each o- 
 ther's Layr. 
 
 B«c^ Venifon is incomparable food, and isdreifed 
 like //ur/-Venifon \ onely this lal\ will be preferved lon- 
 jger than the former. 
 
 The 
 
£Df Eoe-Suittfno:. 85 
 
 The H«cj^herds more than the Hart^ and lieth in the 
 driefl: places: but if he be at large, unconfined within 
 the limitary Precinds of a Park, he will herd but lit- 
 tle from May to Augt^^ becaufe the flies trouble him. 
 He takes great delight in hilly places \ but the Dales are 
 hisjoy tofeedin, 
 
 Buch^ have feldom or never any other Relays than the 
 old Hounds. 
 
 The greateft fubtlety a Huntfman need ufe in the 
 Hunting of the Buck-, is to beware of Hunting Coun- 
 ter or Change, becaufe of the plenty of Fallow-'Deer^ 
 which ufe tocom'e more diredtly upon the Hounds than 
 the Red'Veer doth. Now upon the breaking up of a 
 Buck^ the Hounds Reward is the fame with that of the 
 Hart. 
 
 Bs>t' Hunting. 
 
 THc R(je-B«c^is called by the Greeks and Latines by 
 one name , viz» Dotcju. Thele beads are very 
 plentiful in Africa^ Germany^ and Helvetian Alps. 
 
 Their fwiftnefs doth not onely appear upon the 
 EartJ-i, but alfo in the Waters, cutting them when they 
 fwim as with Oarsj and therefore they love the Lakes 
 and ftrong Streams, b^reaking the Floods to come at 
 fre(h Pafture, feeding deliciouAy on fweet Rufhes, and 
 Bull - ruQ^es. Horns onely grow upon the Male, and 
 are fet with fix or feven Ranches, not palmed, but 
 bxanchy, yet (bortei^ than Folloai D^er : They diffex 
 not much from common Vef^r^ but in their Horn : and 
 whereas the Horns of other Bealts are hollow towards 
 the root, whercinto entcreth a certain long fiblbnce % 
 the Horns of thcfc, as alfo of the vu%ir B^-/;^and Elk-, 
 
are foUd whithout any Tuch emptinefs, onely they are full 
 of Pores. t ...r .; 
 
 It is fupppfcd by the Learped,'that a Koe was called 
 in Greek Vorcof^ by reafon ot the quicknefs of her fight > 
 and that (he can fee as perfcdly in the night as in the 
 day. Phyfitians have obferved a certain vifcous humour 
 about her bowels, which by anointing Eyes that are 
 dark, heavy, and near blinde, quickens the fight moft 
 vyonderfuUy. 
 
 It is reported of them, that they never winl^ no not' 
 when they deep i for which conceit their blood is pre- 
 icribed for them who are dim-fighted or pur-blindc, 
 The tail of this bea(t is leffer and fhorter than a FaVotv-. 
 'peers i infomuch that it is doubtful whether it be a 
 tail or not. 
 
 They keep for the mofi: part in the Mountains a- 
 jmcng the Rocks, being very fwift *, and when they are 
 hunted (Martial faith ) they hang upon the Rocks 
 with their Horns, to delude the Dogs, after a flrange 
 manner, ready to fall and kill thcmfelves, and yet receive 
 no harm, where the L>ogs dare not approach, as ap» 
 peareth in his Epigr?.m= 
 
 Pendentem fumma Capream, de rtfpe videhif, 
 Cdfuram j^ercs, dtcipit ilia Canes. 
 
 This might be more properly meant of the Wild- 
 (^.QaU ■ ■ 
 
 They are mofl eafily taken in the Woods. When 
 they are chafed, they detire to run againli the Wind, 
 becaufe the coldncfs of the Air refrcdicth them in 
 their courfe ;, and therefore they who hunt tliem place 
 their Dogs with the Wind. They are ofcen taken by 
 the counterfeiting of their Voice, which the skilful 
 Huntfman doth by the affiliance of a fcafe \\\ his 
 Jf^outho ■' ^ 
 
 ■ ■ ■ ' " This 
 
jSDf Eoe-ftiuttfttri:. 85 
 
 This Beaft is very eafie to hunt, and gceth to Rut 
 Cor Tourn raoft properly) in Odober^ the extent whereof 
 confiftsof Hfteen days, and never parteth with the Voe 
 till Fawning-time. 
 
 TheDoe, finding her felf near her tinne,rccreily dejparts 
 from the Buck,^ and fawneth as far from him afta his 
 knowledge as (he can •-, for could he finde the Fawn^ he 
 would kill it. Now when the Fa^vn grows big, and can 
 run and feed, fhe then returns to the Bnck^ again very 
 lovingly, with all expedition : the caufe whereof, is the 
 Koes fawning Twins, which arc commonly Buck^ and 
 Voe\ fo that being accuftomed together in youth, they 
 do love to keep company ever after. 
 
 As foon as the Koe-BHcJ^ comcth from Rut, he cafts 
 his Horns ; and there are few after two years old which 
 Mew not at Alhallontide^ but their Heads grow quickly 
 put again. 
 
 The Venifon of a Roe is never out of feafon, being 
 never fat, and therefore they are to be hunted at any 
 time : onely this, fome favour ought to be (hewn the 
 T>oe whilft (he is big with Favn^ and afterwards till 
 her Fatpn is able to (hift for himfelf : bcfides, fome 
 Roe-T>oes have been killed with Hve Parvus in their 
 belly. 
 
 They ufually when hunted, take a large flrft Ring, 
 and afterwards hunt'the Hounds. 
 
 When they are hunted, they turn muck and ofien, 
 and comeback upon the Dogs directly : When they 
 can no longer endure, they then take Soil, as the Hart 
 doth, and will hang by a bough in fuch manner, that 
 nothing (hall appear of them above Water but their 
 Snout, and will (ulTer the Dogs to come j.ull upon thcra 
 before they will ftir. 
 
 He is not called by the skilful in the Art of Hunting 
 a Great Roe - Buck,, but a Fair Roe - Bttck^ The Herd 
 pf them is called a B.eavy : And if he hath, not Bsav^> 
 G 4; greafc; 
 
8<^ Eaiit-Dcet'pittiiia:. 
 
 greafc on his Tail when he is broken up, he is more fit 
 to be Dogs-meat than Mans-meat, 
 
 The Hounds muft be Rewarded with the Bowels, 
 the Blood, and Feet flit afunder, and boiled all toge- 
 ther. This is more properly called a Do/e than a Ke- 
 vpar¥. For what might be faid farther concerning 
 Koe-Hunting, 1 (hall refer you to the Chapters of Ran 
 and BwcJ^Hunting. 
 
 THe Rain-Veer is not unlike a Ilart^ onely his Head 
 is fuller of Anthers, being bigger and wider in 
 compafs i for he bears four and twenty branches and 
 more according to his age, having a great Palm on 
 the top, as a Hart^ and his Fore-Antliers are Palmed 
 alfo. 
 
 He flieth end-ways when he is Hunted, by reafon of 
 the great tveight of his Head. When he hath flood 
 up a great while, doubled, crofled, and ufed other 
 crafty tricks to (hun the Hounds, he makes a Tree his 
 laft refuge •, fo planting hirafelf, that nothing can af- 
 fault him but juft before , placing his buttock and 
 Haunches againlt the Tree, and hanging down his 
 Head low to the ground, whereby all his Body is co- 
 vered. 
 
 As the Hart flrikes with his Head, the Kain-Veer 
 ftrikes with his Feet againfl any one that comes in to 
 him to help the Dogs, not in the leaft turning his Head, 
 that being his chiefcft defence, and feems very terrible 
 to the Hounds. 
 
 He feedcth like the Hart^ and maketh his Fewmcts 
 fometimes long, and fometimes flat, and bcareth fatter 
 
 Vcnifon, 
 
Venifon, when he is in pride of Greafe, than any othei» 
 Deer doth, and is very long liv'd. He is more com* 
 monly drawn after with a Blood-hound, than hunted, 
 and intrapped with Nets and Engines, and that in 
 the thick and greateft Holds, if it may be j which 
 is the heft and fpeedieft way, by reafon of his great and 
 fpreading Head. Since there are but few of them in 
 England, I (hall defift from difcourfing farther concer- 
 ning him. 
 
 Of the Nature and Properties of a Hare. 
 
 AN Hare is called in Hebrew Jrnebet in the Femi- 
 nine gender, which word pofTeffed a great many 
 that all Hares were Females : He is called Lagas by 
 the Greeks, for his immoderate Luft ', and by the fame 
 Nation Ptoox, for his Fear h and by the Latines Lepuf, 
 quafi Levi-pefy fignifying Swiftnefs of feet (alias) IJght- 
 foot. 
 
 There are four forts of Hares i fome live in fhe 
 Mountains, fome in the Fields, fome in the Ma rfhes, 
 fome every where, without any certain place of abode. 
 They of the Mountains.^ are moft fvvift » they C)f the 
 Fields, lefs nimble-, they of the Marfhes, molt llow \ 
 and the wandering Hares are moft dangerous to fallow •, 
 for they are fo cunning in the ways and mufes of the 
 Fields, running up the Hills and Ptocks, becaufe by cu- 
 ftom they know the nearer way, tvith other trich s, to 
 the confufion of the Dogs, and dif-encouragcmcnt of 
 the Hunters. 
 
 In the next place, a defcription of the parts of an 
 Hjire will not be.unnecefTary, fince it is admirable ro 
 behold how every Limb and Member of this Bcalt is 
 ' - ' com- 
 
88 ©f 5)ate-f)utttiitfi:> 
 
 compofed for celerity. In the firft place, the Head \i 
 round, nimble, (hort, yet of convenient longitude, prone 
 to turn every way. The Ears long, and lofty, like an 
 Affes: for Nature hath fo provided, that every fearful 
 and unarmed creature (hould have long and large Ears, 
 that by hearing it might prevent its Enemies, and fave 
 it felf by flight. The Lips continually move fleeping 
 and waking j and from the flit they have in the middle 
 of their Nofe, coraeth the term of Ham- lips which 
 9re fo divided in men. 
 
 The Neck of an Hare is long, fmall, round, foft. 
 and flexible: The Shoulder-bone flraight and broad! 
 !for her more eafie turning ; her Legs before foft, and 
 dland broader behinde than before, and the hindei 
 tegs longer than the former : a Breaft not narrow, 
 fcut fitted to take more breath than any Beaft of that 
 fcignefs : a nimble Back , and flefhy Belly , tendei 
 |.oins, hollow Sides, fat Buttocks, filled up, firong and 
 nervous Lines. Their Eyes are brown, and they arc 
 fubtile, but not bold i feldom looking forward, be- 
 caufe going by jumps. Their Eye-lids coming from tht 
 Brows are too fhort to cover their Eyes, and therefore 
 this Senfe is very weak in them : when they watch 
 ihey lliut their Eyes, and when they fleep they opec 
 them. 
 
 They have certain little Bladders in their Belly fil- 
 led with martcr, out ol which both the one and the 
 other Sex luck a certain humour, and anoint theii 
 Bodies all over therewith, and ki are defended againll 
 ]p.ain. . , 
 
 Though tiieir fight be dim, yet they hvtvifiminde- 
 fejfum^ an indefatigable fence of Seeing i fo that the 
 continuance in a mean degree, countervaileth in ihcra 
 the want of excellency. 
 
 They feed abroad, bccaufe they would conceal thcii 
 forms i and never drink, but content themfelvcs with 
 
 tli.e 
 
I flDf iparcljuittiito:* sp 
 
 ihe Dew, and for that caufe they often fall rotten. As 
 [t is before, every Limb of a Hare is compofed for cc-^ 
 ierity, and therefore (he never travellcth, but jumpeth : 
 ler Ears lead her the way in her Chafe i for with one 
 Df them fhe harkneth to the cry of the Dogs, and the 
 3ther (he flretcheth forth like a Sail, to haften her courfe ; 
 ilways Hretching her hinder beyond her former, and yet 
 lot hindering them at all i ?nd in Paths and High-ways 
 lie runs more fpeedily. /'■>=:'- 
 
 The Hares of the Mountains ^o often enercife them- 
 selves in the Valleys and Plains, and through practice 
 ^row acquainted with the neareft ways to their Forms 
 Dr places of conftant abode. So that when at any time 
 :hey are hunted in the Fields, fuch is their fubtije dodf^-. 
 ng, that they will dally with the Huntfmen till they feem 
 :o bealmolt taken, and then on a fudden take the near- 
 eft way to the Mountains, and fo take Sanctuary in 
 he inacceirible places, whither Dogs nor Horfe dare af- 
 :end. 
 
 Hares which frequent Bufhes and Brakes, are not 
 ible to endure labour, and not very fwifr, by rcafon of 
 he pain in their Feer, growing fat through idlencfs 
 md difcontinuance of running. The Campeflrial or 
 Meld-H^rr, being leaner of Body, and ofiner chafed, 
 s taken with more difficulty, by reafon o{ her fingular 
 igility i (he therefore when (he beginneth her courfe , 
 eapeth up trom ^he ground as if (he flew, afterwards 
 )alTcth througii Brambles, and over thick Bu(hes and 
 ■hedges with all expeditions and if at any time (he 
 :ome into deep Grafs or Corrij (he eafily delivereth her 
 elf, and flideth through if, always holdi^ig up one 
 ^ar, and bending it at her pleafure to be the Modera- 
 or of her Clraic. Neither is (he (b unprnvidcnt and 
 )rodigal ot her ftrength , as to (pend it all in one 
 Hoyrfe, but obfeiveth the force of her Frofccuror, 
 n\yo if he be flow and ihiggi(h3 (he is not pr(;fLifc of 
 
 her 
 
her celerity, but onely walketh gently before the Dogs, 
 and yet fafely from their Clutches, referving her grea- 
 teft ftrength to her greateft neceffity : for (he knoweth 
 fhe can out-run the Dogs at her pleafure, and therefore 
 will not trouble her felf more than (he is urged. But 
 if there be a Dog following her more fwiftly than 
 the refidue, then (he fetteth forward with all the 
 force (he can •, and when (he hath left both Hun- 
 ters and Dogs a great way behinde her, (he getteth 
 to fome little Hill or riling of the Earth, where (he 
 raifeth her felf upon her hinder-Legs, that thereby (he 
 may obferve how far or near her Purfuers are dillant 
 from her. 
 
 The younger Hares, by reafon of their weak Mem- 
 bers, tread heavier on the Earth than the elder; 
 and therefore leave the greater Scent behiode them. 
 At a year old they run very fwift, and their Scen( 
 is ftronger in the Woods than in the plain Fields : 
 and if they lie down upon the Earth ( as they lovf 
 to do ) in red Fallow - grounds , they are eafily de- 
 fcried. 
 
 Their foot-fteps in the Winter-time are more appa- 
 rent than in the Summer, becaufe, as the Nights arc 
 longer, fo they travel farther: neither do they fcent ir 
 the Winter-mornings fo foon as it is day, until th< 
 Froft be fomewhat thawed •, but efpecially their foot 
 fteps are uncertain at the Full of the Moon, (or ther 
 they leap and play together, fcattering and putting ou 
 their fcent or favour", and in the Spring-time alfo 
 when they do ingender, they confound one anothei;! 
 footlteps by multitudes. . . 
 
 Har» 
 
flDf S)aj:e=6utttinff» 91 
 
 IT is the judgement of all, that a Hare ^oth natu- 
 rally know the change of Weather from twenty 
 four hours to twenty four hours. When (he goeth to 
 her Form, (he will fuffer the Dew to touch her as lit- 
 tle as (he can, but foUoweth the High- ways and beaten 
 Paths. 
 
 They go to Buck commonly in January^ February^ 
 ind March, and fometimes all the warm Months » 
 rometimes fecking the Buck feven or eight miles diftant 
 from the place where they ufually fit, following the 
 High- ways, e^c. 
 
 If when a Hare rifeth out of her Form, fhe couches 
 ler Ears and Scut, and runs not very fait at firft, it is an 
 infallible lign that (he is old and crafty. 
 
 You may know a Buck- Hare as you hunt him to his 
 "orm by his beating the hard High- ways. He feedeth 
 "arther out into the Plains, and maketh his doublings 
 uid croilings much wider, and of greater compa(s 
 han the Female doth : for (he will keep clofe by fome 
 Dovert-fide, turning and winding in the bulhcs like a 
 "^oney i and if (he go to relief in the Corn- fields, (he 
 eldom crofleth over the Furrows, but followeth them 
 long, Itaying upon the thicke(\ tufts of Corn to 
 "eed. 
 
 Likewife you may know a Buck at the riling out 
 f his Form by his Hinder - parts, which are more 
 /hitely i or if you obferve his Shoulders before he rife, 
 fhkh will be redder than the Does, having fome 
 )ofe long Hairs growing on them. Again, his Head 
 < (horter, and better trulTed i his Hairs about his Lips 
 
 longer i 
 
9^ ©f !i)ace-6imtmij» i 
 
 longer \ and his Ears (horter and more gray. Thd 
 Hairs upon the female's Chine will be of a blackilh 
 gray. 
 
 Befides, when Hounds hunt a Female-H"<«re, (he will 
 ufe more croiTing and doubling, feldom making out 
 end-ways before the Hounds : whereas the Male a<^s 
 coiitrary ^ for having once made a Turn or two about 
 his Form, then farewal Hounds \ for he will frequently 
 lead them five or fix miles before ever he will turn his 
 head. 
 
 When you fee that your Hounds have found where 
 an Uarz hath pafs'd to Relief upon the High-way-fide, 
 and hath much doubled and croffed upon dry places, 
 and never much broken out nor relieved in the Corn, 
 it is a fign (he is but lately come thither \ and then com- 
 monly (he will (tay upon feme high place to look about 
 her, and to chufe out a place to form in, which (he will 
 be loth to part with. 
 
 Of the Craft and Subtlety of an Hare. 
 
 As of all Chafes i\\t Hare makes the grtatedf pafiime 
 and pleafurei fo it is a great delight and fatistadtion td 
 fee the craft of this little poof Bea(t in her own felf- 
 prefervation. 
 
 And that you may under(land what thefe Subtleties 
 are, you miilt firft take notice vi^hat Weather it is. If 
 it be rainy, then the Hare will hold the High- ways 
 more than At any other time : and if (he coite to the 
 fide of any young Grove or Spring, (he will fcarcely 
 enter, but fquat down by the lade thereof until the 
 Hounds have over-fiiot her j and then (he will return" 
 rhe felf fame way (lie came to the place from \Vhence 
 flie was fiarted, and will not by the way go into any 
 Covert, for fear of {he wet and Dew that hang upon 
 
 the Boughs 
 
 Iri 
 
I In this cafe, let the Huntfman flay a hundred paces 
 before he corpes to the Wood- fide, by which means he 
 fhali perceive whether ihz return as aforefaid i vrhich 
 if (he do, let him hallow in his Hounds, and call them 
 back, and that prefently, that the Hounds may not 
 think it the Counter (became firft. 
 
 The next thing to be obferved, is the place where 
 :he Hare fitteth, and upon what wind (he makes her 
 Form : for it" (he form either upon the North or South- 
 wind, (he will not willingly run into the Wind, but 
 run upon a fide or down the Wind. But if die form 
 in the Water, it is a fign (he is foul and meafled. If 
 ^ou hunt fuch a one, have a fpecial regard all the day 
 to the Brook-fides, for there and near Pla(hes Ihe will 
 Tiake all her croilings, doublings, &c, 
 
 I have feen a Hare fo crafty, that as foon as (he heard 
 :he found of a Horn , (he would intiantly ftart out of 
 ler Form, though it was a quarter of a mile diftant, 
 ind go fwim in iome Pool, and there rell her fdf upon 
 bme Ru(h-bed in the midft thereof, from whence (he 
 vould not ftir till (he heareth the Horn again •, and then 
 f have feen her ftart out again fwimming to Land, and 
 he hath (toad up before the Hounds four hours before 
 ve could kill her, fwimming, and ufing all her Subtle- 
 ies and erodings in the Water. 
 
 Such is the Natural cratt and fubtlety of a H:ire , 
 hat fometimes , after (he hath been hunted three 
 lOurs, (he will ftart a freCh Hare, and fquat in the fame 
 orm. Others., having been hunted a coniiderable 
 ime, will creep under the Door oi a Sheep-coat, and 
 here hide themfelvcs among the Sheep-, or when they 
 re hard hunted, will run in among a flock of flieep, and 
 annot be gotten out from among them by any means, 
 
 II the Hounds are coupled up, and the Sheep driven 
 ito their Pens. Some Cand that is fomething ftrange) 
 ^ill take the ground like a Comy^ and that is called 
 
^4 ©f 5)ai:e*6mititto:* 
 
 ^oing to the Vaut, Some Haref will go up one fide 
 of the Hedge, and come down the other, the thicknefs 
 of the Hedge being the onely diftance between the 
 courfes. 
 
 I have feen a Hare^ that being forely hunted, got up- 
 on a Quick-kt-hedge, and ran a good way upcn the 
 top thereof, and then lept off upon the ground. And 
 they will frequently betake themfelves to Furz-buQies. 
 and will leap from one to the other , whereby thi 
 Hounds are frequently in default. Nay, which is more, 
 1 have heard ot a Hjre, that being hunted two hours or 
 more, at length, to fave her felf, got upon an old Wall 
 llx foot high from the ground, and hid her felf in the 
 hole that was made for a Scaffold : and that fcveral have 
 fwam over Trent and Severn. 
 
 A Hare liveth not above feven years at mod, efpe- 
 cially the Buck i and if he and the Doe (liall keep one 
 quarter together, they will never fuffex any Ihange Hare 
 to fit by them h and therefore it is proverbially faid. The 
 moreyoit Imnt^ the more Uixcsyon /hall have i becaufe when 
 you have killed one Hare^ another will come and polTefs 
 his Form. 
 
 An Hare hath greater Scent, and is more eagerly 
 hunted by the Hounds, when (he feeds and rdicveth 
 upon green Corn, than at any other time in the year : 
 and yet there are fome Hares which naturally give a 
 greater Scent than others i as the great Wood Hares > 
 and fuch as are foul and mealled, and keep near to the 
 Waters : But the little red Hare, which is not much 
 bigger than a Coney^ is neither of (o Ifrong a Scent, 
 nor fo eagerly hunted. Such as feed upon the fmall 
 branches of wild Time, or fuch-like Herbs, are com- 
 monly very fwift, and will (land long up before the 
 Hounds. In like manner you have fome Hares more 
 fiabtile and cunning than others. Young Hares which 
 have not been hunted are foollQi, and are neither of 
 
 force 
 
force nor capacity to ufc fucli fubtleties and crafts, but 
 hold on end- ways before the Hounds moll: commonly, 
 and do fquat and ftart again oftentimes, which doth 
 much encourage the Hounds, and enters them better 
 than if the Hare flies end- ways, as fometimes they will 
 five or fix mile an end. 
 
 The Females are more crafty and politick than the 
 Bucks j for they double and turn (horter than they, 
 which is difpleafant to the Hounds i for it is trouble- 
 fome for them to turn often, delighting more in an 
 cnd-way-chafe, running with all their force : for fiich 
 Hares as double and crofs fo often, it is requifite at de- 
 fault to caft the greater compafs about, when you beat 
 to make it out , for fo you will find all her fubrilties , 
 and yet need to flick upon none of them , but onely 
 where (he went on forwards : By this means you will 
 abate her force, and compel her to leave doubling and 
 croffing. 
 
 Hovp to "Enter Hounds to the Hare. 
 
 Let the Huntfman be fure in the firft place to make 
 his Hounds very well acquainted with him and his 
 Voice, and let them underlland the Horn i and to this 
 end let him never blow his Horn or hallow but when 
 there is good caufe for fo doing, and let him be fure 
 that his Hounds want no encouragement. 
 
 Here by the way obferve two remarkable thing<?. 
 The.firft is, if you intend to enter a young Kennel of 
 Hounds, you muft take notice of the Country where 
 you will make your firft Quarry , and whereof you 
 make it. For according to the places wherein they are 
 firrt cntred, and the nature of the Quarry given them, 
 they will prove accordingly for the future. Thus it 
 they are firft entred in the Plains and Champain-coun- 
 txics, they will ever after more delight to hunt there 
 
 H than 
 
9<^ ©f iptire^jUHtiucr* 
 
 than id any other place: and fo it is the fame with the 
 Coverts 
 
 But, fay fome of ovir Huntfmen, all ftrange Countries 
 that differ from that to which Hounds are accuftonned/ 
 cautes them at \\\i\ to be at feck : But good Hounds 
 will foon be iiialkr of any Country s and therefore he 
 that would have the bell Hounds, mull ufe them to all 
 kinds of Hunting : And it is eafie io bring Hounds to 
 enjoy a Scent from a bkak Down to a trefh Pafture. 
 And therefore many of us love to enter in the worft 
 Countries. 
 
 Do not accuftom your Hounds to hunt in the Mor- 
 ning, bccau(c of the Dew and moifture of the Earth : 
 and befides, you will find by experience, that if after- 
 wards you hunt them in the heat of the day, they will 
 foon give over the chafe j neither will they calf on 
 willingly or chearfully, but feek out the (hades to fleep 
 in. Yet many of us agree, that to hunt both early and 
 late in the morning by Trayling, advantageth the 
 Hounds to ufe their Nofes i and by keeping them fome- 
 times in the heat of the day, or till night, moves them 
 to ftoutnefs. 
 
 The belt feafon to enter your young Hounds is in 
 September and O'iiober i for then the weather is tem- 
 perate, neither too hot nor too cold , and then is the 
 time to iind young Hares which have never been hun- 
 ted, which are foolifh, and ignorant of the politick 
 crolTings, doublings, c^c. of their Sires, gunning com- 
 monly end-ways, frequently fquatting, and as often 
 ftarting, by which encouragement the Hounds are the 
 better entered. 
 
 A Hare h?th greater Scent, and is more eagerly 
 hunted by the Hounds, when llie feedeth and relie^ 
 veth on green Corn , than at any other time of the 
 year. 
 
 More- 
 
Moreover, fomc Hares have naturally a greater fcent 
 than others, as the great Wood-Hares^ and fueh as are 
 foul and mcafled, having their grcateft refoit near the 
 Water and Plafhes. 
 
 The little finall red Hare^ not much bigger than a 
 Cnicy^ is very teeblc, and not much coveted by the 
 Hounds, having a bad fcent : but fuch as feed on the 
 fmall. branches of wilde Time are commonly very fwifr, 
 and will Hand up a long time before the Hounds. 
 
 The Does are much craftier than the Bucks, doub- 
 ling and turning oftner and Hiortcr, which is very 
 vexatious and troublefome to tli£ Hounds. Now for 
 fuch Hares as double and crofs fo often, it is requifite 
 at a default to call: the greater compafs about when you 
 draw to make it out i fo (liall you find all their fubtil* 
 ties h though it is needlefs to ftick upon any, but where 
 they went onwards : by fo doing you will abate the 
 force of a Hare, and force her from crofting and doub- 
 ling, 
 
 Some Hares hold the high beaten ways onely, whete 
 the Hounds can have no fcent : wherefore when the 
 Huntfman finds his Hounds at a default in the High- 
 way, let him hunt on until he find where the Hare 
 hath broken from the High-way, or hath found fome 
 Dale or frelh place where the Hounds may recover fcent, 
 looking narrowly on the ground as he goeth, if he can 
 find the Footing or Pricking of the Hare, 
 
 There are otiier places wherein a Hound can finde 
 no fcent •, and that is in fat and rotten ground, and it 
 rtickcth to the Foot ot the Hare^ which is called Car^ 
 rying^ and fo confcquently (he leaves no fcent behinde 
 her. So likewife there are certain Months wherein 
 a Hound can find no fcent, and that is w the Spring- 
 time, by rcafon of the fragrant fmell of Flower?, and 
 the like. 
 
 Shun, as much as you can, hunting in bard frofty wea- 
 H a ther. 
 
9S ©f 5)at:e'ljuntino:* 
 
 ther, for fo you will furbate or founder your Hounds, 
 and niake them lofe their Claws : befides, at that time 
 a Hare runneth better than at any other time, the Soals 
 of her feet being hairy. 
 
 To conclude, the beft way of entriftg your young 
 Hounds, IS by the help of old Staunch-Hounds i fo will 
 they the better learn to caft for it at a doubling or de- 
 fault. 
 
 What time of the year vs heji for Hare- 
 
 Hmting : Horv to find her^ jiart 
 
 heVj and chafe her. 
 
 The beft time to begin Hi?rc-Hunting , is about the 
 middle of September , ending towards the latter end 
 of February , left you deftroy the early brood of Leve- 
 rets. Moreover , upon the approach of Winter the 
 moiftnefs and coolnefs of the Earth increafeth, which 
 is agreable to the nature of the Hounds, and very ac- 
 ceptable, they ever hating extream heats and hot wea- 
 ther. 
 
 Your Hounds being two years old and upwards , 
 you may exercife them thrice a Week, and they will 
 be the better for fo often hunting, provided you feed 
 well i and keep out your Hounds the greateft part of 
 the day, both to try their ftoutnefs, and to make them • 
 Itout. 
 
 If there be any Hound which hath found the Trail- 
 of a Hare where Ihe hath relieved that night, let the 
 Huntfman then forbear being over-hafty , but let the 
 Hounds make it of themfelves : and when he Ihall per- 
 ceive that they beghi to draw in together, and to call 
 on frelhly, then let him encourage them, efpecially that 
 Hound which hunteth beft, frequently calling him by his 
 name. 
 
 Here note, that a Hare leaveih better fcent when 
 
 ftie 
 
(he goeth to relief, than when (he gocth towards her 
 Form : for when (he relieveth in the Field, (he cnuch- 
 eth her body low upon the ground, paffing often o- 
 ver one piece of ground, to find where lieth the beft 
 food \ and thus leaveth the better Scent, crotying alCo 
 fometimes. 
 
 Befides, when (he goes to her Form, (he commonly 
 takes the High-ways, doubling, cro(Iing, and leaping as 
 lightly as (he can \ in which places the Hounds can have 
 no fcent, (as is faid before) by reafon of the duft, &c. 
 And yet they will fquat by the (ides of the High-ways i 
 and therefore let the Huntfman beat very well the (ides 
 of thofe High- ways. 
 
 Now having found where a Hau hath relieved in 
 fome PaOure or Corn-field, then mu(l: you confider the 
 feafon of the year, and what Weather it is : for if it 
 be in the Spring-time, or Summer, a Harz will not then 
 lit in the Bu(hes, becaufc they are frequently offended 
 with Pifmires, Snakes and Adders, but will lit in Corn- 
 fields and open places. 
 
 In winter they love to fit near Towns and Villages 
 in Tufts of Thorns and Brambles, cfpecially when the 
 Wind is Northerly or Southerly. 
 
 According to the feafon and nature of the place 
 where the Han is accullomed to fit, there beat with 
 your Hounds and (iart her •, which is much better 
 fport than Trailing of her from her Relief to her 
 Form. 
 
 When the Uan is ftarted and on foot, then (lep in 
 where you faw her pafs, and hallow in your Kotinds 
 until they have all undertaken it and go on v.'ith it 
 in full cry : then Recheat to them with your Horn , 
 following fair and foftly at riril, making neither too 
 much haile nor noiG* with Horn or Voice : for at the 
 firlt Hounds are apt to over-lhoot the chafe through, 
 too much heat. But having ran the fpace of 2.n hour, 
 H ^ and 
 
100 £)f patK^ anti c^iaiten^. 
 
 and that you fee the Hounds are well in with it, ftjck- 
 ing well upon it, then you may come in nearer with 
 the Hounds, becaufe by that time their heat will be 
 cooled, and they will hunt more foberly. But above 
 all things mark the Hrft doubling, which mutt be your 
 diredion for the whole day, for all the doublings that 
 (he afterwards (hall make will be like the former : and 
 according to the policies that you (hall fee her ufe, and 
 the place where you hunt, you rnuft make your compaf^ 
 fes great or little, long or fhort, to help the defaults, al- 
 ways fecking the moitkft and moft commodious places 
 for the Hounds to fcent in. . 
 
 To conclude, thofe who delight in the commendable 
 Exercife of Hunting the Hare^ murt rife early, left they be 
 deprived of the fcent of her foot-lkps, by which means 
 the Dogs will be incapacitated to follow their Game i 
 for the nature of the fcent is fuch, that it will not remain 
 long, but fuddainly, in a manner every hour, vanilheth 
 away. 
 
 Of Parks and. Warrens. 
 
 HAving thus difcourfed of the Nature and Pro- 
 perties •oi the Hare, together with the manner 
 of hunting them i in the next place I hold it not im- 
 proper in Ihort to fpeak fomething of Parks and en- 
 clofed Warrens, wherein Hares, Coneys, Veer, Sec. may 
 always be ready as it were out of a Store- houfe or Se- 
 minary to ferve the wfe and pleafure of their Ma- 
 iler?. 
 
 The firft Koman that ever enclofcd wild BeaOs , 
 was Ftilvius Hirfinui ■•, and Varco had the hr(l Warren 
 of Hares. ■ The largeft Hare PaiHs th^t ever 1 heard 
 ..;.:. ■ • ■ • ■ oh 
 
£)t' \?titH mils £:Oarrcri0« loi 
 
 of, and fhc beft furnidicd with thofe fearful, yet fub- 
 tiie Creatures, arc in Ireland-^ the oi^e belongs to fhc 
 Lor^-^ifw^"/?.;/^* of that Kingdom, nat Vi(hli>i \ and 
 the other in the North, and belongs to the I.(.rd of 
 Mazarecn. It will be a tedious task for me to give 
 you an account of the variety of Parks and VVatrens 
 within the three Kingdoms ■■, 1 lliall (herefoie onely tell 
 you in what manner they arc eredtcd, and that very 
 briefly. 
 
 The Walls or Pales muft be high, or clofe joynted, 
 (p as neither Badger nor Cat can creep through , nor 
 IVolf^ nor Fox can leap over i wherein ought alfo to be 
 Buihes and broad Trees to cover the Bealls againli heat 
 and cold, gind other fecret places to fatishe their natures, 
 and to defend the leflfer beafts, as Hm-cs^ Coneys^ &c. 
 from Ihtvh^^ Kitcs^ and other ravening Fowls: in 
 which three or tour couple of Hares will quickly maUii- 
 ply into a great Warren. 
 
 It is very good to fow Gourds, Mifccline, Corn, 
 Eavley, Peaf;, and fuch-like, wherein Hares delight, 
 and will thereby quickly grow fat. 
 
 Warreners have a very crafty device to fitten Hans^ 
 which by experience is found cffedlual, and that is by 
 putting Wax into their Ears, and fo nuke th:m dcat i 
 then turn them into the place where they (hould ked, 
 where being freed from the fear of Sounds ( for want 
 oi hearing) they grow fat before other of their 
 kind. 
 
 Here note, that when you have pitched your Hays 
 for Coneyr. found a Trumpet in fome of the Burroug'^s, 
 and fcarce a Coney in the whole Warren but will.itart a- 
 broad, 
 
 1 fhall end this Chapter with Martia?s praifc of a 
 Haxe and diThruJh. 
 
 H 4 li' 
 
102 £)f Coitep catcDintj. 
 
 Inter Aves Ittrdm ft quU in Judice certet. 
 Inter ^adrupedes gloria prima Lepm. 
 
 Amongli: all Birds none with the Thmfh compare, 
 And no Beaft hath more glory than the Hare, 
 
 Of Conty -Catching. 
 
 BEfore we fpeak of the Hunting of the Coney^ it will 
 not -be amifs to take notice ot her nature and pro- 
 perties, which are ihele : (he carrieth her young in her 
 Belly thirty days i as (oon as (he hath kirdned (he goes 
 to Buck. They begin to breed in England at a year old 
 fbat fooner in other places) and fo continue, bearing at. 
 kail feven times in a year if they Litter \n March \ this 
 is the reafon that a fmall ftcck will ferve to increafe a 
 large VVarien. The Does cannot fuckle their young till 
 they have been with the Buck, wh.ich muft be done pre- 
 fently, or (he will not be inclined fourteen days after. 
 
 when the Buck goes to Doe, he will beat very 
 llrongly with his fore- Foot upon the ground, and by 
 that means he heateth liimfelf. When he hath buckr, 
 he is accutioir.ed to fall backwards, and lie as if he 
 were in a Trance or half dead, at which time he is eafily 
 taken. 
 
 The Laiincf call a Coney^ Cuniculm^ becaufe it maketh 
 holes in the Earth \ and Citmculiis was a Latine word 
 for a Hole'or Give in the Earth, before it was taken for 
 a Coney. 
 
 Ihe Bucks will kill the young. if they can com? at 
 them, like to your Errc-cats *, and therefore the Dec 
 prevents that mifchic-l-, by covering her Stop or Nelt 
 
 with 
 
Of CoiteHatcljfitff* lo; 
 
 with Earth or Gravel, that fo they may not eafily be 
 iifcovered. 
 
 Thofe who Iceep Coneys tame for profit, may give 
 them to eat Vine- leaves, Fruits,Herbs, Grafs, Bran,Oat- 
 meal, Mallows, Milk-thiftles, Apple-parings, Cabbage, 
 Lettifc, or Garret- tops. In Winter they will eat Hay, 
 Oats, and Chaff, being given to them thrice a day ; 
 but when they eat green things, they muft not drink at 
 all, becaufe of the Dropfie which will follow : At all o- 
 ther times a little drink muft ferve their turn, and that 
 muft be always frefti. Here note, give them not too 
 much green juicy meat, unlcfs you entermix there- 
 with what is dry, as Oats, Chaff, &c. otherwife they 
 will be Cathed^ or tun-bellied. 
 
 Now the way of taking them is either by fmall Curs 
 or Spaniels bred up for that fport i and their places for 
 hunting are among Bufties and Hedges j or elfe by 
 courting them with fmall Grey-hounds. In their de- 
 fault they are commonly driven into their Burrows *, 
 and therefore it will be- very requifite to fet Purfe-nets 
 on the Holes, then put in a Ferret dofe muzzled, and ftie 
 will make the Coneys^ bolt out again into the Purfe-nets, 
 and fo you may take them. Some fay the Drone of a 
 Bag- pipe, put into a Co«c)»-borrow, and blown on a fud- 
 den, will make Coneys bolt. 
 
 For want of a Ferret, you may take the powder of Or- 
 pine and fome Brimftone, and therewith make a fmother 
 in the Burrows, and fo rhey will bolt out. But this 
 way is not to be approved of, for by that means the 
 Coneys will forfake thofe Burrows, and fo in a little time 
 a Warren will be dcftroy'd, Ihould this courfe be ufed frs^ 
 quently. 
 
 But above Nefs and Ferrets, Hays are to be preferred 
 for the raking oiComys\ neither is the drawing Ferret 
 10 be defpifcd when they are young. Likewjfc there is 
 excellent Iport to be made u'ith our Tumblers, who vvill 
 kill Coneys abundantly. Let 
 
104 . £>ftl)zStmtu 
 
 Let this fuffice , fince any farther difcourfe hereof 
 is neither proper, nor pertinent to my prefent pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 Of the Ferret, 
 
 THe Ferret is alittk creature that is not bred in Spain, 
 Italy ^ France, nor Germany i but in England they 
 biced naturally, and are tamed for the beneht of fuch 
 who keep Warrens, and others. 
 
 It is a bold and audacious Beaft, Enemy to all others 
 but his own kind, drinking and fucking in the blood oi 
 the bealt it biteth, but eateth not the flelh. 
 
 Wheaihe Warrener hath an occafion to ufe his Fer- 
 ret, he tirft makes a noife in the Warren to frighten what 
 Comys are abroad into their Burrows, and then he pitch- 
 cth his Netsi after that, he puts his Ferret into the 
 Earth, having a long Strick, with Bells about her Neck, 
 whofe Mouth murt be muzzled, fo that he may not feize^ 
 but frighten xh^Coneys out of their Burrows, and after- 
 wards driven by Dogs into the Nets or Hays fo planted 
 for them. 
 
 The Body is longer for the proportion than the 
 quantity may afford. Their colour is variable, fome- 
 times black and white on the Belly, but moft common- 
 ly of a ycllowilli fandy ^olour, like Wool died in 
 Urine, The Head is little, like a Moufe's s and there- 
 fore into whatfoever Hole (he can put it in, all her 
 body will eafily follow after. The Eyes are fmali, 
 but tiery like red-hot Iron, and therefore (lie fecth molt 
 clearly in the dark. Her Voice is a whining cry with- 
 out changing it : She hath oncly two Teeth in her 
 fieithe;: Chap, lljinding o'4t, aud not joy npd a;id grow- 
 
©f jFo^t'ljuntiuD:* ^^5 
 
 k together. The Genital of the Male is of a bony 
 ubrtance, and therebre it always ftandeth Ihff, and 
 s not lefler at one tinie than another. The pkafure 
 )f the fence in Copulation is not in the Genital-parr, 
 ,ut in the Mufcles, Tunicles, and Nerves wherein the 
 aid Genital runneth. When they are m Copulation 
 •he Female lieth down, or bcndeth her Knees, and conti- 
 lually crieth like a Cat, either becaufe the Male claweth 
 ler with his nails, or by reafon of the roughncls ot his 
 
 3cnital. , 
 
 She uiually brings forth feven or eight at a tirne, car- 
 rying them forty days in her little belly: The young 
 ones newly littered are blind thirty days together-, and 
 within forty days after they can fee, they may be ufed as 
 their dam for protit and recreation. ^ 
 
 When tamed, they are nouriftied with Milk or with 
 Barley-bread, and they can fall a very long time. When 
 they go. they contrad their long back, and make it 
 ftand upright in the middle round like a Bowl : when 
 they are touched, they fmell like a Martel ; and they 
 deep very much. Thus much of the Ferret, which I 
 thought good to place after the Chapter of Cr;;/^- etch- 
 ing, becaufe this little Animal is fuch a necelfary Inltru- 
 ment for that purpofe. 
 
 Of ^ OX' Hunting. 
 
 His Shape and Proportion is fo well known, being 
 a beall fo common, that i? will be necdkls to 
 defcribe him. 
 
 His nature in many refpeds is like that of a TFo!f\ 
 for they bring as many Qubs at a litter onp qs the o- 
 thcr : but thus they .differ ', the Fox Litters deep under 
 the ground, fo doth not the JFoIf. A 
 
10^ €)f jFo^'fiUtttfitQ:* I 
 
 A Bkch-Fox is hardly to be taken when flie is brag 
 ged and with Cub i for then (he will lie near her Bur 
 row, into which (he runs upon the hearing of the leal 
 noife. And indeed at any time it is fomewhat diffi 
 cult i for the Fox (and fo the Wolf J is a very fubtil 
 crafty creature. 
 
 • Fox-hunting is very pleafant h for by reafon of hi 
 ftrong hot fcent he maketh an excellent Cry : And a 
 his fcent is hotteft at hand, fo it dies fooneft. Befides 
 he never flies far before the Hounds, truHing not on hi 
 Legs, Strength, or Champion ground , but dronod 
 Coverts. When he can no longer ftand up before *?h( 
 Hounds, he then takerh Earth, and then muft he be dia. 
 ged out. ^ 
 
 If Grey, hounds courfe him on a Plain, his laft refupi 
 IS to pifs on his Tail, and flap it in their Faces as thev 
 come near him h fometimes fquirting his thicker Excre- 
 ment upon them, to make them give over the Courfe oi 
 purfuit. 
 
 When a Bitch-F<?;c goes a dicketing and feeketh (o\ 
 a Dog, (he crycth with a hollow Voice, not unlike the 
 howlmg of a mad Dog-, and in the fame manner flie 
 cries when flie mifTeth any of her Cubs : but never 
 makes any cry at all when flie is killing, but defends 
 herfdfto the laft gafp. 
 
 A Fox will prey upon any thing he can overcome, 
 and feeds upon all forts of Carrion i but their dainties, 
 and the food which they moft delight in, is Poultry. 
 Ihey are very dcflrudive and injurious to Cwfv- War- 
 rens, and Will fometimes kill Hares by deceit and fubtil- 
 ty, and not by f^vift running. 
 
 The Fox is taken with Hounds, Grey-hounds Ter- 
 riers, Nets, and Gins. ' 
 
 Of Terriers there are two fort?. The one is crooked- 
 leg d, and commonly (nort-hair'd : and thcCe will take 
 
 Earth 
 
f)f iFoje-fiunting* 107 
 
 larth well , and will lie very long at Fox or Badger, 
 The other fort is (hagged and ftraight Legg'd : and 
 jhefe will not onely hunt above-ground as other Hounds, 
 l»ut alfo enter the Earth with much more fury than the 
 Drmer j but cannot flay in fo long, by reafon of their 
 ;reat eagernefs. 
 
 The time of entring thefe Terriers, is when they are 
 pear a twelve-month old i for if you enter him not in 
 Ivithin this time., you will hardly after bring him to take 
 ihe Earth. And to encourage the young Terrier the 
 jnore, put in an old one before him, that can better en- 
 ilure the fury of the Fox or Badger : and be careful that 
 leither of them be old when you engage your young 
 Terrier with him. 
 
 The entring and flefhing them may be done feveral 
 vays. In the firft place thus : When Foxes and Bad- 
 ;e>v have young Cubs, then take your old Terriers and 
 pnter them in the ground -, and when they begin to 
 )ay, you muft then hold every one of your Terriers at 
 ,1 fundry Hole or Mouth of the Earth, that they may 
 jiften and hear the old ones Bay. Having taken the 
 )ld Fox or Badger^ and that nothing remains v;ithin 
 )ut the young Cubs, then couple up all your old Terri- 
 ers, and put in thC young in their flead, encoura- 
 ging them by crying , Jo him, to him^ to him. And if 
 :hey take any young Cub within the' ground, let them 
 done to do what they pleafe with him *, and forget 
 iOt to give the old Terriers their reward, which is the 
 31ood and Livers, fryed with Cheefe and fome of their 
 3wn Greafe, (hewing them the Heads and Skins to 
 encourage them. Before you reward them, wadi them 
 A'ith Soap and warm Water, to dear their Skins from 
 jEarth and Clay that is clodded to the Hair, otherwife 
 j:hey are apt to be mangie. You may alfo enter them 
 in this manner : Take an old Fox^ or Badger^ and cut 
 iway the neither Jaw, but meddle not with the other, 
 
 leaving 
 
io8 c^f ifo.t fjuittfnff. 
 
 leaving the upper to fhew the fury of the Beaft, al- 
 though it can do no harnn therewith. Then dig an 
 Earth in feme convenient place in your own grounds, 
 and be careful to make it wide enough', to the intent 
 the Terriers may turn therein the better, and that there 
 may be room enough for two to enter together : then 
 cover the Hole with boards and Turf, putting the Fox 
 or Badger tirft therein, and afterwards put in your Terri- 
 ers both young and old, encouraging them with words 
 that are the ufual terms of Art. When they have bay'd 
 fufficiently, then begin to dig with Spades and Mat- 
 tocks, to encourage them againli fuch time as you are to 
 dig over them : then take out the Fox or Badger with 
 the Clamps or Pinchers, killing it before them, or let 
 a Grey-hound kill it in their tight, and make them 
 reward thereof. Here note , that inftead of cutting 
 away the Jaw, it will be every whit as well to break 
 out all his Teeth, to prevent him from biting the Ter- 
 riers. 
 
 Now to fay the truth, there is not much paftime or 
 pleafurc in Hunting of a Fox under ground v for as 
 foon as that fubtle creature perceiveth the Terriers, il 
 they bay hard, and lie near unto them, they will bolt 
 out immediately, unlefs it be wfien the Bitch hath 
 young Cubs, then they will fooner die than ftir. 
 
 They make their Earths as near as they can in 
 ground that is hard to dig, as in Clay, Stoney-ground. 
 or amongft the Roots of Trees > and" their Earths have 
 commonly but one Hole, and that is ikaight a kmg 
 way in before it come at their Couch. Sometimes 
 craftily they pofTefs themfelves of a Badger^s old Bur- 
 row , which hath variety of Chambers, Holes, and 
 Angles. 
 
 When a good Terrier doth once binde th^ Fox^ he 
 then yearns, and defends himfelf very notably, but not 
 fo (trenuoufly as the Badger, nor is his biting half fo 
 
 dange- 
 
jangerous. Here note, if you take z Bitch-Fox when 
 pe goeth a Clicketing, and cut out that Gut which 
 ontaineth her Sperm , together with the Kidneys 
 vhich Gelders deprive Bitches o{ when they fpay 
 hem, and cut them intofmall gobbets, mingling there- 
 ^i:h the Gum ot Ma(Hck, and put them hot as they are 
 ito a Pot, and cover the fame elofe, it will ferve for an 
 xcellcnt Train for a Fo.v, and will keep the whole year 
 ouiid. Take the Skin of Bacon, and broil it well on 
 Gridiron^ then dip it in the ingredients of the Pot 
 forefaid, and make a train thereof, you will cxpe- 
 imentally find, that if there be any Fox near to any 
 lace where the train is drawn, he will follow it i 
 ut let him who makes the train rub the foals of his 
 eet with Cow-dung, left the Fox vent his footing : 
 nd thus you may train a Fox to a (landing , and 
 ill him in an Evening with Gun or Crofs-bow. It 
 ; likewife found by experience, that if a Terrier be 
 ubbed with Brimftone, or with Oil of Cade, and then 
 ut him into an Earth where either a Fox or Badger is, 
 bey will leave that Earth, and come not to it again a 
 ood while after. 
 
 , I (hall conclude this difcourfe with what I have ob- 
 ;rved in Gefmrs HifloryofBealls tending to the fame 
 urpofe : faith he, ^s he frequently cheats the Badger of 
 is Habitation by laying h'n Excrements at the month of his 
 ]arth or Bttrrovp \ fo-^for Of much oi the Wolf is an Enemy 
 ) the Fox, he layeih in the mottth of his Earth an Herb 
 iVed a Sea-onion, rvhich a Wolf naturally hates, .ind is /w 
 verfe thereunto, that he mil never come near the flacc where 
 ■ either lies or groves. 
 
 Of FoK- Hunting above ground* 
 
 To this purpofe you muft draw with your Honj-ids 
 bout Groves, Thickets, and Bulhes near Villages : for 
 
no £)f jro]e=6utttmo:^ 
 
 a Fox will lurk in fuch places, to prey on young Pigs 
 and Puliein. 
 
 But it will be neceflary to flop up his Earths, if you 
 can find them, the night before you intend to hunt ■•, 
 and the beft time will be about midnight, for then the 
 Fox goeth Ola to feek his Prey. You may (top his 
 Holes by laying two white fticks a crofs before them; 
 which will make him imagine it is Come Gin or Trap 
 laid for him : or elfe you may flop them up clofe with 
 black-Thorns and Earth together. 
 
 The beft hunting a Fox above-ground, is in January. 
 February., and March., for then you (hall beft fee youi 
 Hounds hunting, and beft find his Earthing ^ befides, ai 
 thofe times the Fox's Skin is beft in feafon. 
 
 Again, the Hounds beft hunt the Fox in the coldell 
 weather, becaufc he leaveth a very ftrong fcent behind 
 him i yet in cold weather it chills fafteft. 
 
 At firft onely caft off your fure Finders, and as the 
 Drag mends, fo adde more as you dare truft them. 
 
 Shun cafting off too many Hounds at once, becaufc 
 Woods and Coverts are full of fundry Chafes, and fc 
 you may engage them in too many at one time. 
 
 Let fuch as you caft off at firft be old Staunch- 
 Hounds, which are fure •, and if you hear fuch a Hound 
 call on merrily, you may cafl off feme other to him 
 and when they run it on the full cry, caft off the reft 
 and thus you (hall compleat your paftime. 
 
 The words of comfort are the fame which are ufed 
 in the other chafes, attended with the fame Hallowing? 
 and other ceremonies. 
 
 Let the Hounds kill the Fox themfelves, and worr^ 
 and hare him as much as they pleafe : many Hounds 
 will eat him with eagernefs. 
 
 When he is dead, hang him at the end of a Pike-ftaff, 
 and hallow in all your Hounds to bay him : but reward 
 them not with any thing belonging to the Fox i for it is 
 not good, neither will they eat it. Oj 
 
£)f 'Banger-fiuntinrj. m 
 
 Of B^dg^r-Hunt^ffg. 
 
 A Badger is called by feveral names , viz, a Gray^ 
 Jl\ Brock,^ Borefon or Baufon , and in France Tjujfon. 
 The Male is called a Badger or Boar-pig i and the Fe- 
 male is called a Soiv. 
 
 Thefe Beafts are plentiful in Naples^ Sicily., Lucam^ 
 and in the ^//?i/2e and Helvetian CoaRs \ foare they alio 
 here in 'England. 
 
 There are two kinds of this heart, ( faith GcfncrJ 
 one refembling a Dog in his feet, and the other a Hog 
 in his cloven hoof: they differ too in their fnout and 
 colour i for the one refembles the fnout of a Dog, the o- 
 ther of a Swine : the one hath a greyer coat, or whiter 
 coat than the other, and goeth farther out in (eckingof 
 its prey. They differ alfo in their mear, the one eating 
 Flefh and Carrion like a Dog, the other Roots and 
 Fruits like a Hog: both thefe kinds have been found in 
 Normandy^ France^ and Sicily. 
 
 Mr. Turbervil makes mention of two forts of Bad- 
 gers like wife , but in a difTerent manner. For the one 
 ( faith he ) caftcth hU Fiaunts long Ith^ a Fox, and h.ive 
 their reftdence in Rockj^ making their Bmroaps very deep. 
 The other fort mak^ their Burroivs in light ground^ and 
 have more variety of Cells and Chambers than the for' 
 mer. The one of thefe is called the Badger-pig^ and 
 the other the Badger-rvhelp \ or call one Canine., and 
 the other Swinijh. The hrft hath his Nfofe, Throat, 
 and Ears ycllowifh like a Marterns Throat > and are 
 much blacker, and higher LegM than the Badger- 
 whelp. Both forts live upon all FlcQi, hunting greedi- 
 Jy atter Carrion, They are very miichievous and hurt-, 
 I M 
 
112 £Df 'BaHgeMjimting. 
 
 ful to Warrens , cfpecially when they are big with. 
 young. 
 
 Badgers when they Earth, after by digging they have 
 entred a good depth, for the clearing of the Earth out, 
 one of them falleth on the back, and the other layeth 
 Earth on the belly, and fo taking his hinder feet in his 
 mouth, drawetii the Belly-laden- K^x^^/^fr out of the Hole 
 or Cave i and having disburdened her felf, re-enters, 
 and do:h the like till all be hnifhed. 
 
 Thefc Badgers are very fleepy, efpecially in the day- 
 time, and feldom ftir abroad but in the night j for 
 which caufe they are called Lucifug<e^ avoiders of the 
 Light. 
 
 It is very pleafant to behold them when they ga- 
 ther materials for their Couch, as llraw, leaves, mofs, 
 and fuch-like \ for with their Feet and their Head they 
 will wrap as much together as a man can well carry un- 
 der his arm, and will make (hift to get it into their Cells 
 and Couches. 
 
 He hath very (harp Teeth, and therefore is accoun-- 
 ted a deep biting beaft : his back is broad , and hrsj 
 legs are longer on the right fide than the left, and 
 therefore he runneth bell when he gets on the fide ofl 
 an Hill, or a Cart - road - way. His fore-Legs have! 
 very lliarp Nails, bare, and apt to dig withal, being! 
 five both before and behinde, but the hinder very mu'cM 
 Ihorter, and covered with hair. His favour is ftrong,, 
 and much troubled with Lice about the fecrets. Bothi 
 Male and Female have under their Hole another Hole! 
 outwardly, but not inwardly in the Male. If (he bei 
 hunted abroad with Hounds, Ihe biteth them moft grie- 
 vouily where-ever (he lays hold on them. For the pre- 
 vention thereof, the careful Huntfmen put great broad 
 Collars made of Grays Skins about their Dogs Necks. 
 Her manner is to tight on her back, ullng thereby both 
 her Teeth and her Nails i and by blowing up her Skin 
 
 af- 
 
after a ftrange and wonderful manner, (he defendeth her 
 felf . againft any blow and teeth of Dogs •<, onely a fmall 
 ftroke on her Nofe will difpatch her prefently '-> you may 
 thralh your heart weary on her back, which (he values as^ 
 a matter of nothing. 
 
 In Italy they eat the flefli of Badgers, and fo they do 
 in Germany, boiling it with Pears : fome have eaten it 
 here in England, but like it not, being of a fweet rankifli 
 tafte. 
 
 The flefli is bed in September if it be fat » and of the 
 two kinds, the Swinifti Badger is better flefh than the o- 
 ther. 
 
 They love Hogs-flefh above any other •, for take but i 
 piece of Pork and train it over a Badger''^ Burrow, if he 
 be within, you Qiall quickly fee him appear without. 
 
 Their nature is very cold i and therefore when it 
 fnoweth they will not come out of their holes for three 
 or four days together. 
 
 They live long, and by mere age will grow blinde » 
 then will they not ftir out of their Holes, but are fed by 
 thofe who have their fight. 
 
 This fubtilty they have, that when they perceive the 
 Terriers begin to yearn them, they will il:op the hole be- 
 tween the Terriers and them : if the Terriers continue 
 baying, they will remove their baggage with them, and 
 go into another apartment or chamber of the Burrow, 
 (for know that fome of their Houfes have half a dozerS 
 rooms at lead s ) and fo will remove from one to the o- 
 ther, till they can go no further, barricadoing the way as 
 they go. 
 
 The Hunting of a Badger muft be after this manners 
 You muft firft feek the Earths and Burrows where he 
 lieth, and in a clear Moon-fliine night go and rtop all 
 the holes but one or two, and therein place fome Sacks 
 fallned with fome drawing Strings, which may fhuthim 
 in as foon as he (!r3ineih the Bag. ^ ^ 
 
1 14 £)f 'Banger^juntittff* 
 
 The Sacks or Bags being thus fet, caft of your 
 Hounds, and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tufts 
 within a mile or two about. What Badgers are abroad, 
 being alarm'd by the Dogs, will liraight repair to their 
 Earths or Burrows, and fo be taken. 
 
 Let him that ftandeth to watch the Sacks , ftand 
 clofe, and upon a clear Wind, for elfe the Badger will 
 foon find him, and fly fome other way for fafety. 
 But if the Hounds either encounter him, or undertake 
 the chafe before he can get into his Earth, he will then 
 ftand at bay like a Boar, and make moft incomparable 
 (port. 
 
 What Injiruments are to be ufed in digging, 
 and horp to dig for Badger or Fox. 
 
 In the firft place, you muft have fuch as are able to 
 dig : next, you muft have fo many Terriers garniftied 
 with Bells hung in Collars, to make the Fox or Badger 
 bolt the fooner i befides, the Collars will be fome fmall 
 defence unto the Terriers. 
 
 The Inftruments to dig withal are thefe : a fharp- 
 pointed Spade, which ferveth to begin the Trench where 
 the ground is hardeft, and broader Tools will not fo well 
 enter s the round hollowed Spade", which is ufeful to dig 
 amongft Roots, having very (harp edges v the flat broad 
 Spade, to dig withal when the Trench is better opened, 
 and the ground fof ter j Mattocks and Pick-axes, to dig 
 in hard ground where a Spade will do but little fervice i 
 the Coal-rakc, to cleanfe the Hole, and to keep it from 
 flopping up i the Clamps, whereby you may take a Fox 
 or Badger out alive to make fport therewith afterwards. 
 And it would not be amifs to have a Pail of Water, to 
 irefrefti your Terriers after they are come out of the Earth 
 to take breath. 
 
 In this Older you may befiege a fox or Badger in 
 
 theif 
 
. 2Df f)ttcr-f)imtutD:* 115 
 
 their ftrongeft Holes or Caftles, and may break their 
 Cafmats, Platforms, Parapets, and work to them with 
 Mines and Counter- mines, until you have obtained 
 your fatisfaftion. But there is a (hotter method thao 
 this, which by reafon of its commonnefs 1 (hall foir 
 bear to mention. 
 
 Of the Otter. 
 
 IT is fuppofed by feme that the Otter is of the kindr®f 
 Beavers^ being it is an amphibious creature living 
 both in the Water and on the Land \ befides, the out-r 
 ward form of the parts beareth a fimilitudeof that bt-^afi-. 
 Some fay, were his tail off, he were in all parts like a Bcti- 
 ver^ differing in nothing but habitation : For the Biavcr 
 frequenteth both the Salt-water and the Frefli ^ but the 
 Otter never goeth to the Salt. 
 
 Though the Otter live in the Water, yet it doth not 
 breath like Fifties through the benefit of the Water, it 
 doth breath like other four-footed beafts, yet it will re- 
 main a long time underneath the Water without refpi- 
 ration. 
 
 If he want prey in the Waters, then will he quit 
 them for the Land j and if by painful hunting afhore 
 be cannot hll his belly, he will feed on Herbs, Snails, 
 or Frogs : neither will he take lefs pains in the water 
 to fatisiie hunger , for he will fwim two miles together 
 againfl the fiream, that fo, when his belly is full, the 
 current of the ftream may carry him down again to h^ 
 defigned Lodging, which is near the water, very zn\f» 
 cially built with boughs, fprig=;, and fticks couching to- 
 gether in excellent order, wherein he fitteth to keep 
 him from the wet. 
 
 I 3 !r, 
 
n<^ £Df C)tteC'T)mttutg> 
 
 In the hunting of ¥i{h he often pops his Nofe above 
 water to take breath : It is a creature of wonderful 
 fwiftnefs and nimblenefs in taking his prey, and fot 
 greedinefs takes more than he knows what to do 
 with. 
 
 It is a very fubtile and crafty beaft, and indowedl 
 with a wonderful fagacity and fenfe ot fmelling, info- 
 much that he can diredtly wind the Filhes in the waters 
 a mile or two off. 
 
 The flefh of this beaft is both cold and filthy, becaufe 
 it feedeth on Itinking Fi(h, and therefore not fit to be ea- 
 ten i yet it is eaten in Germany •-, and the Carthufun Fry- 
 ers, who are forbidden to eat all manner of flefti of other 
 four-footed beafts, yet they are not prohibited the ea- 
 ting of Otters. There are thofe in England^ who late- 
 ly have higfily valued an 0«cr-pie, much good may it 
 do them with it. 
 
 Thefe Otters muft be hunted by fpecial Dogs, fuch 
 as are called Otter hounds, and alfo with fpecial Inftru- 
 ments called O^tr-fpears. When they find themfelves 
 wounded with a fpcar, they then come to Land, where 
 they fight with the Dogs furioufly \ and except they 
 be firft wounded, they forfake not the Water : for they 
 are not ignorant how fafe a refuge the Waters are un- 
 to thrm, and how unequal a combat they (hall fuftain 
 with Men and Dogs upon the Land : yet, becaufe the 
 cold Water annoyeth their green wounds, therefore 
 they fpin out their lives to the length of the thread, 
 chufing rather to die in torments among Dogs, than to 
 die in the Waters- 
 
 The Food of an Otter ( as I faid ) is Fi(hi and her 
 abode is commonly under the Root of feme Tree near 
 Rivers, Brooks, Pools, Meers, or Filh-pondsj and 
 fomctimes (he will lie in a hollow Tree four or five 
 foot above ground : and ro Vermin can be more de- 
 ftru6tive to a Wairen, than the Otter is to a Fi(h-pon4 j 
 '■"""' ioi 
 
SDf C)tter'!jtmtmD:, 117 
 
 for (he diveth and hunteth under water after that mort 
 wonderful manner, that few filh efcapeher, unkfs they 
 are very f\yift and great. 
 
 An Otter and Ferret grow fait much about the fame 
 time, and bring forth their young much after the fame 
 manner, neither having their conliant number. 
 
 There is much craft and cunning in the hunting 
 them \ yet with pains- taking you may enfnare them 
 under the water, and by River-fides, as you may a Hare 
 with H^re- pipes and fuch-like Gins. They bite fore 
 and venomoufly, and when occafion ferves tliey will de- 
 fend themfelves ftoutly. If after their enfnarirg they 
 chance to abide there long, they will feon enlarge them- 
 felves with their teeth. 
 
 Thefe creatures are footed like your water-Fowl, ha- 
 ving a web between their claws, and have no heel, but 
 a round ball under the foal of their Feet : and their 
 Track is called their Mjri^, as the Slot of a Hart ■■, and 
 their Excrements are called Spraints. 
 
 An Otter will not abide long in a place , for he is apt 
 to be afraid and take diftafie, (having an excellent Ear 
 and Nofe, for hearing and fmellingi ) and then he will 
 forfake his Couch, and (hift a mile or two up or down 
 the River: and this he will do according as he hndes 
 fcarcityoffilhing. 
 
 In hunting of the Otter obferve this, to fend fome to 
 one fide of the River whilli you are on the other, and 
 fo beat on the banks with your Dogs, and fo you vAW 
 foon find if there be an Otter in that quarter : for an 
 Otter cannot endure long in the water, but mull come 
 forth to make his Spraints, and in the night fome- 
 times to feed on Grafs and fuch Herbs as the Helds af- 
 ford. 
 
 If any of the Hounds find out an Otttr^ then look. 
 in the foft grounds and moilf places to fee which way 
 he bent his head ; if the marks make no difcovery, 
 
 I 4. you 
 
1 18 f)f ^quinrel fiuntmo:* 
 
 you may partly perceive it by the fpraints, and fo fol- 
 low the Hounds, and lodge him as a Hart or Veer, 
 If you find not the Otter quickly, you may then ima- 
 gine he is gone to couch fomewhcre farther off from 
 the River : for fometimes he will feek his food a mile 
 from the place of his red, chuliing rather to go up the 
 Hivcr than down, becaufe upwards he meets with bet- 
 ter fccnt of Fi(hi and bearing his nofe into the wind, 
 he thall the fooner finde any fault that is above 
 him. 
 
 Remember, in the Hunting of the Otter, that you 
 and your friends carry your 0/?cr-fpears to watch his 
 Vents, for that is'thc chief advantage : and if you per- 
 ceive where the Otter (w'lms under water, then (hive to 
 get to a Hand before him where he would vent, and 
 there endeavour to ftrike him with yourfpearj but if 
 you mi(s, purfue him with the Hounds, which if they 
 be good Otter-hoimds^ and perfectly entrcd, will come 
 chaunting and trailing along by the River-fide, and will 
 beat every Tree-root, ever^ Ofier-bed and tuft of Bull- 
 rulhesi nay, fometimes they will take the Water, and 
 beat it like a Spaniel. And by thefe means the Otter can 
 hardly efcape you. 
 
 Of the Squirrel. 
 
 o 
 
 THe firfl Author that ever wrote of this little Ani- 
 mal was Oppianus, who liv'd in the days q>{ Auto- 
 m:is C£jar., and wrote a Book alfo c.{ Hunting. 
 • A Squirrel is greater in couipafs than a IFcaJIe, but 
 the latter is lunger than the other s tiie back-parts and 
 all the body is rcddilh except the belly, which is 
 white. In Helvetia they are black and branded, and 
 " . • they 
 
they are hunted at the fall of the Leaf, when the Trees 
 grow naked : for they run and leap from bough to 
 bough in a moll admirable and agile manner ■<, and 
 when the Leaves are on, they cannot be fo well dif- 
 cerned. They are of three colours, in the firft age 
 black, in the (econd of a rufty Iron-colour, and laftly, 
 when old, they are full of white hoar Hairs. Their 
 Teeth are like the Teeth of Mice, having the two un- 
 der-Teeth very long and (harp. Their Tail is always 
 as big as their Body, and it lieth continually on their 
 back when they fleep or fit Itill, and it feemeth to be 
 given them for a covering. 
 
 In the Summer-time they build them Nefts (which 
 by fome are called Drays J in the Tops of the Trees 
 very artificially with Sticks and Mofs , with other 
 things the Woods afford, and then they fill it with 
 Nuts for Winter- provifion, and do fleep like the Alpine 
 Moufe mol\ part thereof very found ly, in fuch fort, 
 that the beating of the outlide of their Drays will not 
 wake them. 
 
 When they leap from Tree to Tree, they ufe their 
 Tail inftead of VVings, leaping a great diftancc, and 
 are fupported without finking to any one's appearance*, 
 nay, they will frequently leap from a very high Tree 
 down to the ground, and receive no harm. 
 
 Many mult go together to hunt them, and muft 
 carry Dogs with them : and the fitted: place for the 
 cxercife of this fport, is in little and fmall flender 
 Woods, fuch as may be (haken by the hand. Bows 
 are requifite to remove them when they reft in the 
 twifts of Trees •, for they will not be much terrified 
 with all the hallowing, except they be ftruck now and 
 jthen by one means or other. Well do they know 
 iwhat harbour a high Oak is unto them, and how fecure 
 they can lodge therein from Men and Dogs \ where- 
 fore fincc it is too troublefome to climb every Tree, 
 
 that 
 
% 
 
 1 20 ©f tfie ^attetit nm UJiftJ-Cat 
 
 that labour muft be fupplied with Bows and Bolts, that 
 when the Squirrel retteth, prefently he may be thumpti 
 by the blow of an Arrow.: the Archer need not fear to 
 do her much harm, except he hit her on the head i for 
 by reafon of a Itrong back-bone, and fleOiy parts, (he will 
 abide as great a ftroak as a Dog. 
 
 If they be driven to the ground from the trees, and 
 they creep into Hedges, it is a fign of their wearinefs : 
 for fuch is the lofty mind of this little beaft, that whik 
 her Ikength lafteth (he faveth her felf in the tops ol 
 high trees ■■> but being wearied, (he defcendeth, and 
 falls into the mouths of the yelping curs that attend 
 her. 
 
 The admirable wit of the Squirrel appeareth (ifili 
 be true ) in her fwimming, or palTmg over a River 
 for when hunger conrtraineth her fo to do.^ Qie feeks oui 
 fome rind, or fmall bark of a tree, which (he fetteth upor 
 the water, and then goeth into it, and holding up hei 
 Tail like a Sail, letteth the wind drive her to the othei 
 fidei and carry meat in their mouths, to prevent fa- 
 mine whatfoever (hould befal them. 
 
 Of the Martern and Wild'C2.t, 
 
 AMartern is about the bignefs of a Cat, having i 
 longer body, but (horter legs, with head and tau 
 like a Fox \ its skin is commonly brown, white on th« 
 throat, and fomewhat yellowidi on the back. 
 
 Their teeth are exceeding white, and unequal, being 
 above meafure fharp \ the canine teeth both above and 
 bclo'.v hang out very long. 
 
 ■ This and the wild-C^^ are a fort of Virmine which 
 we uie here in England commonly to Hunt , and as 
 
 nq-i 
 
SDf tfje pattern ann toim^cat 121 
 
 neceflfary to be hunted as any Virmin can be : For the 
 queftion may be doubtful, whether either Fox or Bad- 
 ger do more hurt than the wWd-Cat doth, lince there 
 are fo many Warrens every where throughout the 
 Kingdom of England which are very much infefled by 
 the wild-C^f. 
 
 It is the opinion of long - experienced Huntfmen, 
 that (he leaveth as great fcent, and maketh as good a 
 cry for the time as any Vermin that is Hunted, efpc- 
 cially the Martern paffeth all other Vermin for fweet- 
 nefs of fcent, and her Cafe is a noble Fur. The wild- 
 cat's Cafe is not fo good, but it is very warm, and me- 
 dicinable for feveral Aches and Pains in the bones and 
 joynts : alfo her Greafe is very good for Sinews that 
 are fhrunk. 
 
 Thefe two Chafes are not to be fought purpcfely, un- 
 lefs the Huntfman do fee them where they prey, and can 
 go readily to them i but if a Hound chance to crofs them, 
 he will hunt it as foon as any Chafe, and they make a 
 noble cry as long as they ftand up > when they can do it 
 no longer, they will take a tree, and fo deceive the 
 Hounds i but if the Hounds hold in to them, and will 
 not give it over fo, then they will leap from one tree to 
 another, and make great (hift for their lives, with much 
 paftime to the Huntfmen. 
 
 When they are killed you muft hold them up upon a 
 piked rtaff, and hallow in all your Hounds, and then 
 reward them with fome meat v for the fleOi of thefe Ver- 
 min is naught for Hounds. 
 
 A 
 
122 f)f mtWimtint;, 
 
 A fliort Account of fome particular 
 Bcafts that are not Hunted in Ertg-^ 
 landy but in Forrain Countries. 
 
 The Nature and Properties of a Wolf, 
 and the manner of its Hunting. 
 
 HEretofore I read that there were many Wolves m 
 'England^ but now there are none \ however they 
 are ftill vn Ireland, but their number is very mueh de- 
 creafed within thefe thirty years i and that they may 
 more and more decreafe, being fo pernicious to all forts 
 of Cattle, I thought good to publifh the nature and man- 
 ner of their Hunting. 
 
 Firrt, as to their Nature i they go a Clicketing in 
 February^ and continue in that manner ten or twelve 
 'days. Where many Wolves are, many will follow one 
 Bitch, as Dogs will follow a Bitch that is fait, but (he will 
 be onely lined with one. 
 
 A notable ftory 1 have heard when I was in Inland, 
 and attefted for a truth by the Inhabitants : That a 
 Bitch- K^o// proud, will fufFer a great many of the Male 
 to follow her, and will carry them after her fometimes 
 eight or ten days without Meat, Drink, or Relt \ and 
 when they are fo tired that they cannot travel farther, 
 (he will firrt lie down, then will the rert follow her ex- 
 ample : when (he perceives that they are all aileep, and 
 through wearinefs fnore, then will (he arife and av;ake 
 that Wolfvi\\K\\ (he obferved to follow her moft, and 
 having fo done, entice him with her far from the reft, 
 and futfer him to line her : the rell awaking and find- 
 ing her miffing, purfue her by the fcent, and finding, 
 
 how 
 
©f 2Ilalf Ijtmtuiff. 125 
 
 how fhe hath cunningly deluded them, they fall infianc- 
 ly on her Companion who hath been before-hand with 
 them, and revenge themfelves on him by depriving him 
 of his life i which verilies the proverb: Never Wolf j>e# 
 ever faro hU Sire. 
 
 Their Whelps are able to ingender at twelve months 
 end, at which age they part with their Dam, that is, 
 when thofe Teeth are grown which they caft the firft 
 half year, and being grown, they never (hed them a- 
 gain : and here fee their gratitude , ( though bloody 
 cruel creatures} after they have preyed for themfelves, 
 if they chance to meet their Dam or Sire ( for Jurher^ 
 vile doth not believe the aforefaid ftory ) they will 
 fawn upou them and lick them, rejoycing at the fight 
 of them. >; V) / 
 
 The Dog will never bring any of his Prey to his 
 whelps till he hath filled his own belly i whereas the 
 Bitch will not eat a bit till (he hath ferved them rirft : 
 they go nine weeks with whelp, and fometimes a little 
 longer, and grow fait but once a year. As to number 
 of whelps , they have more or lefs as Dogs have •-, for 
 doubtlefs both the IFolf^nd the Fox are but a kind of 
 wild Maftiffs and wild Curs. 
 
 They prey upon all kind of things, and will feed 
 on Carrion, Vermin, &c. They will kill a Cow or a 
 Bullock ■■) and as for a Sheep, Goat, or good Porket, 
 they will roundly carry him oif in their Mouths, not 
 touching ground with it, and will run fo hi\ away, 
 notwithltanding the load, that they are hardly to be 
 flopped but by MalVilfs or Horfe-men. There is no 
 Bealt which runneth fafter than the JVolf^ and holdeth 
 wonderfully alfo. When he is hunted with Hounds, 
 he flieth not far before them » and unlefs he be courfed 
 with Grey-hounds or MaliilTs, he keepeth the Covert 
 like the Bear^ or Boar^ and efpecially the beaten ways 
 therein. Night is the ufual time of his preying , 
 
 though 
 
124 SDf 2:C[lolf=6untutff* 
 
 thougli hunger will force him to prey by day. They 
 are more fubtile and crafty ( if more can be) than the 
 Fox or any other beaft : When they are hunted, they 
 will take all their advantages i at other times they will 
 never run over-haftily, but keep themfelves in breath 
 and force always. 
 
 A TFolf will itand up a whole day before a good 
 Kennel of Hounds, unlefs that Grey-hounds or Wolf- 
 dog^ courfe him. If he ftand at bay, have a care of be- 
 ing bitten by him •, for being then mad, the wound is 
 defperate, and hard to be cured. 
 
 When a JFolf falls into a flock of Sheep, with his 
 good will he would kill them all before he feed upon 
 any of them, and therefore all means Qiould be ufed 
 to deftroy them, as by hunting at force, or with Grey- 
 hounds or MaOiffs, or caught in Gins and Snares i 
 but they had need be ftrong. For encouragement to 
 the meaner fort in Ireland^ whofoever took a fucking- 
 Whelp, or preying Cub, a Dog or a Bitch Wolf, and 
 brought but the heads of either to the next JulUce of 
 Peace, for reward for the firft, h^ received twenty 
 Ihillings i for the fecond , forty i for the third , five 
 pound i and for the laft, fix pounds : which late en- 
 couragement hath in a manner cleared that Kindom of 
 them. 
 
 They bark and howl like unto Dogs •■> and if there bci 
 but two of them together, they make fuch a terriblei 
 hideous noife, that you would think there could be not 
 lefs than twenty of them in a body. 
 
 When any one would hunt the T^olf, he mufi: train 
 him by thefe means : Fir(\ let him look out fome fair 
 place, a mile or more from the great woods, where > 
 there is fome dofe Itanding to place a brace of goodt 
 Grey - hounds . in , if need be, the which (hould bei 
 clofely environed, and fome pond of water by it: 
 there he mull: kill a Horfe that is worth Utile , andi 
 
 take!' 
 
©f Cd^olf^juntutg* 125 
 
 take the four legs thereof and carry them into the 
 I Woods and Forefts adjoyningi then let four men take 
 every nnah a leg of the beaft and draw it at his Horfe- 
 tail all along the paths and ways in the Woods, until 
 they come back again to the place where the Carcafs 
 of the faid Beaft lieth s there let them lay down their 
 trains. Now when the TFolves go out in the night to 
 prey, they will follow the fcent of the train till they 
 come to the carcafs where it lieth. Then let thofe who 
 love the fport, with their Huntfmen come early and 
 'privately near the place i and if they are difcernable as 
 they are feeding, in the firft place let them confider 
 which way will be the faireft courfe for the Grey- 
 hounds, and place them accordingly, and as near as they 
 can let them forefial with their Grey-hounds the fame 
 way (hat the TFolves did or are flying either then or 
 the night before i but if the Wolves be in the coverts 
 ; near the carrion that was laid for them to feed upon, 
 ! then let there be hewers fet round the coverts to make 
 a noife on every fide, but orely that where the Grey- 
 hounds do ftand ■-, and let them (land thick together, 
 i making what noife they can to force them to the Grey- 
 , hounds : Then let the Huntfeman go with his Leara- 
 hound, and draw from the carrion to the thickets- fides 
 where the IFolves have gone in, and there the Huntl^ 
 I man (hall caft off the third part of their beft Hounds \ 
 for a Wolf will fometimes hold a covert a long time be- 
 fore he will come out. 
 
 The Huntfinen muft hold near in to the Hounds 
 
 blowing hard , and encouraging them with their 
 
 voice : for many Hounds will firain courtefie at this 
 
 chafe, although they are ftrorg and fit for all other 
 
 \ chafes. 
 
 ' When the Wolf cometh to the Grey-hounds, they 
 who hold them will do well to fuffer the Wolf to pais 
 by the firft rank until he ccme lurther, and kt the lali 
 
 rank 
 
126 ©f mut^^^ont^fumtm. 
 
 Rank let flip their Grey-hounds full in the face of the 
 TFolf, and at the fame inlknt let all the other Ranks 
 let flip alfo : fo that the hrft Rank flaying him but 
 ever fo little, he may be aflaulted on all fides at once, 
 and by that means they (hall the more cafily take 
 him. 
 
 It is beft entringof Hounds at young Wolves which 
 are not yet paft half a year or a year old i for a Hound 
 wfll hunt fuch more willing, and with lefs fear than 
 an old Wolfs or you may take Wolves alive in En- 
 gines, and breaking their Teeth, enter your Hounds at 
 them. 
 
 A man may know a Do^-Wolf from a Bitch by the 
 tracks of his Feet > for the Dog hath a greater Heel, a < 
 greaterToe, greater Nails, and a rounder Foot. Befides, 
 the Bitch cafleth her Fiaunts commonly in the midft of - 
 an High- way, whereas the Dog cafteth them cither on 
 the one fide or the other of the Path. 
 
 The Reward of the Dogs is thus : when they have 
 bit and fliaked the dead Wolf, let the Huntfman then 
 open his Belly ftraight along, and taking out his bow- 
 els, let him throw in Bread, Cheefe, and other Scraps, 
 and fo let the Dogs feed therein. 
 
 Wild'Go2ii'HHnting. 
 
 I Never could read or hear that there was ever any 
 fuch Chafe in England as the Hunting of the wild- 
 Goat: But fince there may be fuch fport in Wales, as 
 there hath been elfewherc, it will not be much amifs to 
 give fome Ihort account thereof. 
 
 The Wild-Go^^ is as big as a Hirt, but not fo long, 
 or fo long Leg'd, but is as fle(hy. They have Wreaths 
 
 and 
 
€)f 2Btfl»^<S5oat Ijmitmo:* 127 
 
 and wrinkles on their horns, which declare what their 
 age is : for according to the quantity of the wreaths, 
 fuch is the number of their years i which wreaths he 
 meweth, but not his beam, the which may be, if he be 
 an old Goaty as big as a mans leg. 
 
 They have a great long beard, and are of a brownifh 
 gray colour very Ihaggy, having a long black lift down 
 the ridge of the back, and the track is bigger than the 
 flot of a Hart. 
 
 '• They fawn as a Hinde or Doe in May,, and have but 
 one fawn, which they fiackle and bring up as the tame 
 Go^* doth her kid. 
 
 They feed like Peer, onely they will eat befides ivy, 
 itiofs, and fuch-like. In fpring they make their fumets 
 round, and afterwards broad and flat, as the Hart when 
 he comes to feed well. 
 
 They go to rut about AlhaUontide , and continue 
 therein a month or five weeks i that feafon being over, 
 i they defcend from the mountains and rocks , their 
 abode for the fummer-feafon , and herd themfelves , 
 not onely to avoid the fnow, but becaufe they can find 
 no food any longer •, and yet they come not very low, 
 but keep at the foot of the mountains, feeding there 
 till Eal\er : then they return again, every one chufing 
 fome ftrong hold in the rocks, as the Harts in .the thic- 
 kets. 
 
 About fawning-time the females feparate from the 
 males, attending till rutting-time : in this interval they 
 will run at man or beaft, and fight as Harts doe one a- 
 mongft the other. 
 
 When he goeth to rut, his throat and neck is much 
 bigger than ufual : he is very ftrong backt i and (which 
 ; is wonderful ) though he (hould fall from on high ten 
 ^ poles length, he will receive no harm > and will walk as 
 fecurely on the ftiarp tops of rocks, as a horfe in the 
 high- way. 
 
las £)f KliIti-15oat'6imtinff. 
 
 AlhaHoHtide is the chiefeft feafon for hunting thele 
 wild Goats^ obferving very well before you hunt, the- 
 advantages of the coalts, the rocks and places where the 
 Coats do lie. 
 
 Having thus done, fet nets and toils toward the ri- 
 vers and bottoms , for you cannot expeft your hounds 
 Ihould follow a Goat down every place ot the moun- 
 tain?. 
 
 Alfo it will be needful that fome ftand on the top of 
 the rocks, and throw down itones as they fee occailon. 
 Where the Goat goeth down to the fnnall brooks or wa- 
 ters in the bottom, there place your relays, and let the 
 relays never tarry till the hounds come in which were 
 call off: and this is your belt help i for a man can nei- 
 ther toilovv on foot nor horfe-back. 
 
 Hunting of the Wild-^QZX, 
 
 THe '^Oitr is ever pigg'd with as many teeth at firft as 
 he (hall have ever after, which u'ill onely increafe 
 in bignefs, not number. Amongrt the reft, they have 
 four which are called tu^zs^ or tusks ^ whereof the two 
 biggeft do not hurt when he ftrikes, but ferve onely to 
 tvhet the other two lowell, with wliich they frequently 
 kill. 
 
 They feed upon all kind of corn and fruits which they 
 ' can come at \ alfo roots. In Apil and hlay they feed 
 on the buds of plumb-trees, and chef- nut- trees, and all 
 other fweet buds they can Hnd, cfpecially on the buds of 
 broom and juniper, and are never meailcd, as our tame 
 fwinc. Being near the fea-coalt, they will feed on all 
 manncrof (hell hih. 
 
 Their feafon bcginneth in the midiiof September , 
 
 and. 
 
and endeth about the beginning of December^ at which 
 time they go a brimming. A Boar will connmonly abide 
 the bay before he goes out of his den s and he lies raoU 
 commonly in the ftrongcil holds of thorns and thick 
 bufhes. 
 
 If it fo chance that there is a founder of them toge- 
 ther, then if any break founder, the xe(t will run that 
 way : and if you hunt a Boar from a thick and itrong 
 covert, he will not fail to go back by the fame way he 
 came thither : and when he is rear'd he never ftays, but 
 flies continually till he comes to the place where he was 
 farrow'd and brought up. This Mr. Turbervile obfer- 
 ved himfelf when he was in Frances attefting hefaw a 
 Boar hunted from a thicket, which returned the fame 
 way he came to the place of his farrowing, which was 
 dillant feven French leagues. And this was performed 
 by the track of his feet. 
 
 If he be hunted in a foreft or hold where he was 
 bred, he will hardly be forced out of it. Sometimes he 
 will take head, and feem to go out, and will draw to 
 the outfides of the wood i but it is onely to hearken on 
 every iide : and if he hear the noife of the hounds, 
 then will he return , and will not be compell'd to 
 go that way till night. But having broken out of a 
 forel^ arid taken head end-ways, he will not be put out 
 of his way either by man, dog, voice, blowing, or any 
 thing. 
 
 A Boar, efpecially a great one, will not cry when 
 you kill him : The fows and young fwine will fome- 
 times. 
 
 Terms to be ufed in Boit-Hmting, 
 
 If it (hould be demanded what you will call a Boar 
 
 of three years old » you may anfwer , He is a young 
 
 Boar which hath lately left the founder. An old Boar 
 
 K 2 yoti 
 
130 SDf aHilU-'BoaM&imtinri:. 
 
 you muft call a Singular^ ox Sanglkr^ that hath left the 
 founder four or five years fince. In making of a report, ifl 
 you are asked where the Boar fed the night before, youi 
 may fay, he fed in the corn •, but if in the fields or mea- 
 dows, you mutt then fay, he hath been routing and rvor- 
 ming in fuch a place, or fuch a fern-field. Where note, 
 that whatfoevcrhe feeds on, excepting roots, is called 
 feedings the other is called routings n> or ming^oi /earning: 
 but when he feedeth and routeth not, you muft then call 
 thzt grafjng. 
 
 EoU' Hunting with Hounds at Force, 
 
 ^z advifed not to hunt a young Boar of three years 
 old at force \ for he will Itand up as long, if not longer 
 than any light young Veer which beareth but three in the 
 top : but in the fourth year you may hunt him at force, 
 as you do a Hart at ten. 
 
 In the rearing of your Boar^ you need not be afraid to 
 come near him, for he values you not, and will lie ftill, 
 and will not be rear'd by you alone. 
 
 Here note , that if a Boar intends to abide in his 
 den, couch, or fort, then will he make fome croffing 
 or doubling at the entry thereof upon fome high-way 
 or beaten path v by fuch means a huntfman, bein^ 
 early in the woods, may judge of the fubtilty of the 
 Boar^ and accordingly may make preparations for his 
 game. 
 
 If he be a great Boar , and one that hath lain long 
 to rcli:, let him hunt him with good fiore of hounds., 
 and fuch as will liick clofe to him i and let him on 
 horfc-back "be ever amongft them, charging the Boar^ 
 to difcouragc him : for if you hunt fuch a Boar with 
 half a dozen couple of dogs, he will not value them \ 
 and they having chafed him, he will take courage and 
 keep them lUll at bays, running upon any thing he 
 
 feeth 
 
fccth before him. But if he be charged home, and hard 
 laid unto with the hounds, he will turn head and 
 fly. 
 
 If you ftrike at him with your fword or Bo^r-fpear, 
 ftrikenot low, for then you will hit him on the fnout, 
 which he little values i for he watcheth to take blows 
 upon his tusks or thereabouts : but lifting up your 
 hand, ftrike right down, and have a fpecial care of your 
 horfe j for if you ftrike and hurt him, fo will he you if 
 he can. 
 
 It behoveth the hunters of Boars to be very wary » 
 for he will run fiercely without fear upon his purfuers : 
 in which encounter, if he receive not his deaths wound, 
 he overthroweth his adverfary, except he fall flat on the 
 ground, jnd then he need not fear much harm ; for his 
 teeth cannot cut upward but downward : but it is o- 
 therwife with a female i for ftie will bite and tear any 
 way. 
 
 It is good to raife this beaft early in the morning be- 
 fore he hath made water, for the burning of his bladder 
 doth quickly make him weary. 
 
 When the Boar is firft raifed out of the wood, he 
 fnuffeth in the wind, lifting up his nofe to fmell what 
 is with him, and what againft him •, and rarely ftrikes a 
 man till he be firft wounded himfelf. 
 
 The hunting-fpear mufi: be very fharp and broad, 
 branching forth into certain forks , fo that the Boar 
 may not break through them upon the huntfman : 
 The bell: places to wound him in therewith , are the 
 middle of his forehead betwixt his eye-lids, or eife 
 upon the . flioulder i either of thefe wounds is mor- 
 tal. 
 
 If the Boar make head againft the- hunter, he mu(t 
 not fly for it, but muft meet him with his fpear, hol- 
 ding one hand on the middle of it, and the other at 
 the end, ftanding one foot before another, having 
 K 3 a,n| 
 
132 ©f colim-'BoaMjimtmir. 
 
 an efpecial eye to the head of the beaft which way foe-, 
 ver he windeth or turneth the fame : for fuch is the na- 
 ture of the Boar, that fometimes he fnatcheth the fpear 
 out of their hands, or elfe recoileth the force back again 
 upon the hunter, by both which means he is in great 
 danger of life : whenfoever this hapneth there is but 
 one remedy, which is i another of his companions muft 
 come and charge the Boar with his fpear, and then pre- 
 tend to wound him with his dart, but not carting it 
 for fear of hurting the hunter. The Boar feeing this, 
 forfaketh rhe hrii man, and ruQieth upon the fecond, 
 who muft loolc to defend himfelf with all dexterity, 
 compoling his body, and ordering his weapons accor- 
 ding to artihcial By^r-hunting: in the mean time he 
 that vvis overthrown muft rile again, taking frefti hold 
 on his fpear, and with all courage afTault his adverfary, 
 and ailift his friend who was the caufe of the faving of 
 his life. 
 
 ' When he feeleth himfelf fo wounded that he cannot 
 live, were it not for the forks of the B^^r- fpear, he 
 would prefs it on his varqaiftier, and fo revenge his 
 death ; For fuch is the fury of this beaft, that he will 
 endeavour to wound and kill, although he teel upon 
 him the pangs of death , and what place foever he bi- 
 teth, whether man or drg, the heat of his teeth caufeth 
 the wound to be intlam'd : and for this caufe, if he but 
 touch the hair of ad(^g, he burnethir off: nay, huntf- 
 men have tried the heat of his teeth, by laying hairs on 
 them as foon as he was dead, and they have flirivel'd up 
 as with a hot-iron. 
 
 To conclude i the fame devifcs, diligence, labour, 
 profecution, and obfcrvations are to be ufed in the / 
 hunting of che B'oar^ which are prefcribed for the hun- 
 ting of the Hart. Not but that there are feveral poli- 
 cies and ftrafagcms which have been invented , and 
 are 'ftill ufed in feveral countries ,' whereby to take 
 
 them 
 
jDf 'Benr-rjtmtfitD:* 133 
 
 them without the purfuit of dogs > to the knowledge 
 whereof I (hall refer the reader to Blondus, Oppiams^ 
 Gefner, lurhervile^ and many others both antient and 
 modern writers, who have largely treated on this fub- 
 jedt. 
 
 Of the Nature and Properties of a Bear, 
 and after what manner Hunted. 
 
 THere are two forts oiBears^ a greater and lefleri 
 the laft is more apt to climb trees than the o- 
 ther. 
 
 Bears are bred in many countries ', in the Helvetian 
 Alpine region they are fo thong and courageous, that 
 they can tear in pieces both oxen and horfes s for which 
 caufe the inhabitants arc Ikdioufly laborious in the ta- 
 king them. 
 
 A Bear is of a mod: venereous and luftful difpofition y 
 for night and day the females with moft ardent in- 
 flam'd deGres do "provoke the males to copulation \ and 
 for this caufe at that time they are molt Hcrce and 
 angry. The time of their copulation is in the begin- 
 ning of winter, and the manner of it is like to a man's v 
 the male moving himfclf upon the belly of the female, 
 which lieth flat on her back, and they embrace each o- 
 ther with their fore-feet : they remain a, very long time 
 in that adl s in fo mucii (asfome have obfervcd, how 
 true I cannot fay) that if they were very fat at their hrll 
 entrance, they dif-joyn not themfelves again till they be 
 lean. 
 
 There is a ftrange report in hiftory, ( if it be true ) 
 That in the mountains oi Savoy a Bear carried a young 
 mild into his den by violence, wherein a venerea^ 
 K 4 maiv- 
 
134- ©f OBcaMjutttinnf* 
 
 manner he had the carnal ufe of her body > and while 
 he kept her in his den, he daily went forth and brought 
 her the beft fruits he could get , prefenting them to 
 her as food, as courtly as he could do it i but al- 
 ways when he went to forrage, he rowlcd a very 
 great ftone to the mouth of his den , that the virgin 
 fhould not make her efcape from him : at length her 
 parents, with long fearch, found their daughter in the 
 Beards den, who delivered her from that beaftial captivi- 
 They are naturally very cruel and mifchievous unto 
 all tame bealls, and are very ftrong in all parts of their 
 body but their head , whereon a fmall blow will kill 
 them. 
 
 They go to mate in the beginning of the winter, 
 fome fooner, fome later, according to their reft and 
 feeding i and their heat lafteth not paffing fifteen 
 days. 
 
 When the (he-Bear perceiveth her felf with whelp, (he 
 withdraws her fclf into fome cave, or hallow rock, and 
 there remains till fhe brings forth her whelps, where 
 without meat they grow very fat, efpecially the males, 
 onely by fucking their fore-feet. When they enter in- 
 to their den, they convey themfelves backward, that fo 
 they may put out their foot-fteps from the light of the 
 hunters. 
 
 The nature of all of them is to avoid cold , and 
 therefore in the winter- time they hide themfelves, 
 chuiing rather to fufFer famine than cold •■> lying for 
 the moll: part three or four months together and ne- 
 ver fee the light, whereby in a manner their guts are 
 clung together : coming forth, they are fo dazled by 
 long darknefs, being in the light again, that they ftag- 
 ger and reel to and fro i and then by a fecret inftindt 
 they remedy the itraightnefs of their guts by eating an 
 herb called Arum, in En^lilh IFuhf-robbin or Cahes- 
 
 foot, , 
 
SDf 'Bctit^juntiitfi:* 135 
 
 fodt^ by the acidity whereof their guts are enlarged •, and 
 being recovered, they remain more fierce and cruel than 
 at other times,during the time their young are with them: 
 and this is the herb, Tome fay, which they eat to make 
 them flecp fo long in winter without fenfe of cold or 
 hunger. 
 
 They are whelped moft commonly in March, forae- 
 times two, and not above five in number j the moft part 
 ot them are dead one whole day after they are whelped ; 
 but the Bear doth fo lick them and warm them with her 
 breath, and hug them in her bofom, that (he quickly re- 
 vives them again. 
 
 It is commonly received as a trutli, (though it be 
 a palpable vulgar errour ) That the whelps of tiears at 
 their firji littering are without aliform and fa(hion^ arid no~ 
 thing but a little congealed blood lih^ a lump of flejh , 
 vphich afterwards the aid one frametk with her tongue 
 by licking them to her own likenej?. This opinion may 
 be eafily difproved i for they are onely littered blind 
 without hair, and the hinder- legs not perfed, the fore- 
 feet folded up like a fift, and other members deform- 
 ed , by reafon of the immoderate humour or moift- 
 nefs in them •, which alfo is one caufe why (he cannot 
 retain in her womb the feed to- the perfection of the 
 young ones, vihtitoi Joachimus Kheticus is an eye-wit- 
 nefs, 
 
 '' As foon as the dam perceiveth her cubs to grow 
 ftrong, (he fuckleth them no longer, by reafon ot their 
 cur(^nefs i for they will forely bite her if they cannot 
 get fuck enough. After this (he preyeth abroad upon 
 any thing (he can meet with, which (he eates, and calts 
 up again to her young ones, and fo feeds them till they 
 can prey for themfelves : They will climb a tree for the 
 fruit. 
 
 If they be hunted, they will follow a man, but not 
 sun upon him unlefs they are wounded. They are 
 
i3<? SDf 'Benr-fitmtfitg:. 
 
 very ftrong in their paws, in fuch forf, that they will 
 fo hug a man or dog till they have broke his back, or 
 fqueez'd his guts out of his belly : with a fingle paw 
 they will pull a lufty dog to their tearing and devouring 
 mouth. They bite very feverely, for they will bite a 
 man's head to the very brains \ and for an arm or jeg, 
 they will craQi it as a dog may do a flender bone of mut- 
 ton. 
 
 When they are hunted, they are fo heavy that they 
 make no fpeed, and fo are always in fight of the dogs : 
 Theyftand not at bay as a Boar, but fly wallowing^ 
 but if the hounds ftick in, they will fight valiantly in 
 their own defence*, fometimes they ftand up rtraight 
 on their hinder-feet, and then take that as a fign of tear 
 and cowardize » they fight llouteft and ftrongeft on all 
 tour. 
 
 They have an excellent fcent, and fmell further off 
 than any other beaft except the Boar i for in a whole 
 forert they will fmell out a tree laden with mall. 
 
 They may be hunted with hounds, martiffs, or grey- 
 hounds •, and they are chafed and kill'd with hows^Boar- 
 fpearSjdartSjand fwords i fo are they alfo taken in fnares, 
 caves, and pits, with other engines. 
 
 They do naturally abide in great mountains ; but 
 when it fnoweth, or in hard weather, then they defcend 
 into valleys and foreiis for provilion. They call their 
 kffes fometimes in round croteys, and fometimes flat; 
 like a bullock, according to their feeding. 
 
 They go fometimes a gallop, and at other times an 
 amble •, but they go molt ac cafe when they wal- 
 low. 
 
 When they come from their feeding they beat com- 
 monly the high-ways and beaten paths : and wherefo- 
 ever they go out of the high-ways, there you may be 
 fure they are gone to their dens i for they ufe no doub- 
 lings nor fubtilties. 
 
 They 
 
I !3Df tfie 'Bealjetr. 137 
 
 ' They tumble and wallow in water and mire as 
 fwine, and they feed like a dog. Some fay their fle(h 
 is very good food, let who will eat it for me, who are 
 not fo nicely palated as my felf. 
 
 The befl: finding of a Bear is with a leam-hound ; 
 and yet he who is without one may trail after a Bear as 
 we do after a Buck, or Roe, and you may lodge and hunt 
 them as you do a Buck- For the more fpeedy executi- 
 on, mingle maftiffs among your hounds •, for they will 
 pinch the Bear^ and fo provoke her to anger, until at laft 
 they bring her to the bay i or elfe drive her out of the 
 plaiti into the covert, not letting her be at reft till (lie 
 tight in her own defence. 
 
 Of the Beaver. 
 
 A Beaver differeth but a little from an Otter but in 
 his tail : his colour is fomewhat yellow and 
 white afperfcd with afh-colour, which (tand out be- 
 yond the Iliorter hairs, double their length i and are 
 neat and foft like an Otters. 
 
 There is plenty of them in the liver ?o«////, vrhence 
 fhe Biaverh"^ fome is called CanU Ponticus : They are 
 alfo bred in Spain.^ fome few in France^Germany^ Tolonia^ 
 Sclavonia^ Rifjjja, PruQia^ Lithuania i and abundance of 
 rhem in New-England, 
 
 Thefe beafis are amphibious, living both on laiid and 
 water both frefh andjalt, keeping the laft in the day- 
 time, and the tirft in the night : Without water they 
 :annot live s for they participate much of the nature 
 Df hill , which may be gathered from their tails and 
 linder-legs. 
 
 They are about the bignefs of a country cur ; 
 
 their 
 
their head fliort i their ears fmall and round i their 
 teeth very long, the under-teeth landing out beyond 
 their hps three fingers breadth , and the upper about 
 half a finger, being very broad, crooked, firong, and 
 fliarp, ftanding very deep in their mouth, wherewith 
 they defend themfelves againft beaHs, take fifhes as it 
 were upon hooks, and will gnaw in funder trees as big 
 as a man's thigh. ° 
 
 Their fore-feet are like dogs, an-d their hinder like 
 geefe, made as it were on purpofe to go on the land 
 and fwim in the water i but the tail of this beaft is 
 mod: firange of all, being without hair, and covered o- 
 ver with a skin like the fcales of a fiOi, it being like a 
 Seal, and for the moft part fix fingers broad, and half a 
 foot long. They are accounted a very delicate diOi and 
 eat like Barbels: the manner of their dreffing is by 
 roafting them firft, and boiling or ftewing them after- 
 wards i they muft be food that is very fweet, fince this 
 proverb proceeded from them : Smet is thatfijh which is 
 mfi/hatall. 
 
 As for the wonderful manner of their building I (hall 
 let that alone, fince it is at large defcribed byGeGierm 
 his Hifiory of Beafis, page 3 <5. 
 
 There is nothing {o valuable in this beaft as his 
 fiones i for they are in great efteem, and a precious com- 
 modity. 
 
 It hath been the opinion of fome, that when a Bea- 
 ver IS hunted, and is in danger to betaken, he biteth off 
 his own ftones, knowing that for them onely is he thus 
 purfued : but this is found to be a mecr fidion i for 
 their itones being finall, and placed like a Boar\ it is im- 
 pollible tor them to come at them. 
 
 They are taken for their skins, tails, and cods, and 
 that many ways. Firfl, when their caves are found : 
 Cm which are feveral chambers biiik one over ano- 
 ther by the water- fide, to afcend or defcend according 
 
 as 
 
as the water rifeth or falleth) I fay, their abode being 
 found, they make a breach therein, wherein is put a lit- 
 tle dog, which the Beaver perceiving, flies inftantly to 
 the end of her cave, and there defendeth her felf with 
 her teeth, till all her building be raifed, and fhe laid open 
 to her enennies, who kill her with inftrunnents for that 
 purpofe. Thefe dogs for the Beaver are the fame which 
 hunt Otters. 
 
 They cannot dive long time under water, but muft 
 put up their heads for breaths which being feen by 
 thofe who are hunting them, they kill them with gun- 
 (hot or 0«er-fpears : His nature is, if he hear any noife, 
 to put up his head above water, whereby he is difco- 
 vered, and fo lofeth life. Thofe skins are beft which 
 are blackeft. 
 
 Of the Elk. 
 
 His beaft is twice as big as a Hart^ whofe upper- 
 lip is fo great, and hangeih over the nether fo 
 far, that he cannot eat going forward > but as he eat- 
 eth he goeth backward, and fo gathereth up his fufte- 
 nance. 
 
 His mane is divers both on the top of his neck, and 
 underneath his throat , which buncheth like a beard, 
 or curled lock of hair •, his neck is very ftiort, difpro- 
 portionable to his body. 
 
 He hath two very large horns bending towards 
 the back in a plain edge, and the fpircs ftand forward 
 to. the face : both males and females have them j they 
 are folid at the root and round, but afterwards bran- 
 ched i they are broader than a Hart\ and are very 
 heavy, being not above two foot long > and thefe 
 
 horns 
 
I40 f)ft(jcClk* 
 
 horns they tnew every year : He is colour'd for the moft 
 part like a Hearty and hath eleven feet , but without 
 )oynts (like an Elephant) in his fore-legs, and therefore 
 llcepeth leaning to polb or trees i and hghteth not with 
 his horns, buctore-teet. 
 
 It is a moll timorous creature, not defiring to ftir 
 much, unlefs provok'd thereunto by hunting. There 
 is no danger in hunting this bealt, except a man come 
 right betore him : for if this bealt faften his fore-feet 
 on him, he cannot clcape alive h but if it receive any 
 fmall wound, it inlUntlydies. 
 
 They are taken by nets and toils, or as Elephants 
 are taken : for when they have found the trees where- 
 unto they lean, they fo cut and faw them, that when 
 the E//;^ Cometh, he ovtrthroweth the tree and falleth ' 
 with it i and being not able to rife, is fo taken alive. 
 When they are chafed eagerly, and can find no place 
 to reft themfelves in and lie fecret, they run to the wa- 
 ters, and therein Hand, taking up waters into their 
 mouths i and in a little time do fo heat it, that fquir- 
 ting it out upon the dogs, the heat thereof fo fcaldeth 
 them, that they dare not come nigh or approach them 
 any more. 
 
 Many more exotick beafts I might here infert, de- 
 fcribing their natures, and the manner of their Forrain 
 huntings but, fince they are not to be found in Eng- 
 la/idj let thefe fufhce which I have already defcribed. 
 
 Dogs 
 
Dogs Difcafcs Remedied , and their 
 j Hurts Healed, according to the beft 
 
 Prefcriptions of Ancient and Modern 
 
 Huntfmen. 
 
 Cf a Five-fold Madnefi in a Dog : the Symp- 
 toms of the Maladies i and their CV RE. 
 
 THe ancients have derived Kabies^ Madnels, from 
 Kavies, hoarfenefs of voice, for mad dogs have no 
 perfed voice : bat it is more probable, that Kabies Com- 
 eth a Capiendo; becaufc when a dog beginneth to go 
 mad, he biteth, runneth, fnatcheth, and roves to and 
 fro, to his own perdition. A mad dog is moft dange- 
 rous in the Dog-days i for at that time the very foam 
 or fpittle falling on a man breeds danger. 
 
 There are properly fevcn forts of Madnefles which 
 afflidt a dog, whereof two of them are incurable, and 
 therefore I (hall fpeak little of them •, onely fo much 
 as may give you warning to (hift them from your other 
 dogs, becaufe their difeafe is infectious > and that you 
 may beware of them your felf, left they injure you j for 
 their biting is dangerous. 
 
 The hrlt of thefe incurable MadnefTes is called the 
 Hot burning Madnejl , and is known by thefe fymp- 
 toms. Firft, when they run, they raife their tails bolt- 
 upright, and run upon any thing that ftands before 
 them, having no refped where nor which way they 
 run : alfo their mouths will be very black, having no 
 {ozm in nor about them. They will not continue 
 thus above three or four days, after which time they 
 die, their pain being fo intolerable. Where note, that 
 
 all 
 
142 OifeafeiS ann Ctite^ of Do^js. 
 
 all thofe dogs they have bitten and drew blood from, 
 will be mad in like nnanner. 
 
 The fccond is called the running Madmji^ and is lefii 
 dangerous, however incurable. The dogs that are 
 troubled with this madnefs run not on men, but dogSj 
 and on no other beafts. The fyrnptoms are, they will 
 fmell on other dogs, and having fmelt them, will (hakd 
 and bite them, yet Ihaking their tails, and feeming to 
 offer no harm : with other tokens I omit for brevity 
 fake. 
 
 Of the Dumb Madnejl, 
 
 Tiie five Madneffes (or rather Sickneffes) which are 
 curable, are thefe : 
 
 The firft is called the Dumb madnefs , and is thus 
 known: the dog that is troubled therewith will not 
 feed, but holds his mouth wide open continually, put- 
 ting his feet to his mouth frequently, as if he had a bone 
 in his throat. 
 
 The cure is thus : Take four ounces of the juice of 
 Spathnla putrida^ and put it into a pot , then take the 
 like quantity of the juice of black Hellebore, and as 
 much of the juice of Rue : having ftrained them all well 
 through a fine cloath, put them into a glafs : then take 
 two drams of Scammony unprepared, and having min- 
 gled it with the former juices, put it into a horn or fun- 
 nel, and convey it down his throat, keeping his head 
 up ftraight, left he caft it up again ; then bleed him in 
 the mouth, cutting three or four veins in his gums that 
 he may bleed the better j and in a {hort time you will 
 find amendn:ient. Or you may onely take eight drams 
 of the juice of an herb called Harts-horn, or Dogs-tooth, 
 and you will find it a moft excellent receipt againft any 
 madnefs whatfoever. 
 
 Of 
 
Difeafeis anu €uttn of £)(Jffsf. 143 
 
 Of the Falling Madnef, 
 
 The fecond is called the Falling Madnefs : the difeafe 
 lieth in their heads, which maketh them reel as they go, 
 and fall. 
 
 The cure is thus : Take four. ounces of the juice of 
 Piony, with the like quantity of the juice of Briony, the 
 like of the juice of Cruciata^ and four drams of Stavef- 
 acre pulverized : mingle thefe together, and give it your 
 hound or dog as aforefaid : then let him blood in the 
 ears or the two veins which come down the fhoulders » 
 and if he is not cured at tirft, give it him a fecond ot 
 third time. 
 
 Of the Lank Madnefl, 
 
 The third kind of madnefs is called the L^«^ Mad- 
 nefs, by reafon of the leannefs of their bodies occalioned 
 by shimmering. 
 
 The cure is thus : Firft, purge your dog with this; 
 portion ; Take an ounce and a half of Cajfia fijlulam 
 .veil cleanfed, two drams and a half of Stavefacre pul- 
 /erized, and the like quantity of Scammony prepared 
 in WhitQ- wine- vinegar, and four ounces of Oyl-olive > 
 jeraper thefe and warm them over the Fire, and give 
 jt your dog. In the m©rning put him into this bath 
 afting as followeth : Put into fix pails full of water 
 en handfuls of Mug wort, of Rofemary, of red-Sage, 
 )f the roots or leaves of Marfli - mallows , of the 
 cots or leaves of Wall-wort, of the roots or ftalks 
 if Fennel, of the leaves or ftalks of Elecampane, 
 laulm and Rue, Sorrel, Buglofs and Mellilot > let 
 hefe boil together in two thirds of Water and the o- 
 ber Wine, until one third be confumed : the bath be- 
 ig no hotter than your dog can endure it, bathe hin^ 
 
 L there- 
 
144 DiTeafe0 aitn €mt^ of Dog«2?. 
 
 therein for the fpace of an hour •■, then taking him ouf, 
 put him in fome warm place for fear of catching cold. 
 Do this four or rive times in the fame bath, and it will 
 cure. 
 
 Of the Sleeping Madneji, 
 
 The fourth Madnefs is called the Sleeping Madnefs, 
 and is caufed by fome little Worms breeding in the 
 mouth of the Stomack from corrupt Humours, the 
 vapours and fumes whereof afcending into the head, 
 make the dog fleep continually, and frequently he dieth 
 
 'keeping. _. ;-^..,;,^ 
 
 for the cure, fou mufr take five ounces of the juice 
 of VVormv\ocd, with two ounces of the powder oi 
 Harts- horn burned, and two drains of Agarick : mingle 
 the(c together i and if they be too thick, thin them with 
 VVhke-winc, and give it your dog to drink. 
 
 Of the Rheumatick or Slavering Madne^, 
 
 This Madnefs is called fo, becaufe, when a dog hath 
 got it, his head fwelleth, his eyes are as yellow as a 
 KiteVfoot, and he commonly llavcreth at the mouth. 
 
 The Cure is thus : Take fix ounces of the juice o{ 
 Fennel-roots, and the like quantity of the juice of Mif- 
 feltoe, four ounces of the juice of Ivy, four ounces ol 
 the powder of tiie roots of Polypodie > boil thefe in 
 White-wine, and give it your dog to drink as hot as he 
 can fuffer it. 
 
 Here note, that when a dog hath any of thefe kinds 
 of MadnelTes he will have no deiire to eat, fafting frc- i 
 quently eight or nine days, and fo (tarving to death. 
 Nay, if they are troubled with any dilkmper they will 
 refufe their meat, nay, the daintielf bit you can give 
 chem, until they have eaten grafs, and have cleared 
 
 their 
 
their ftoma^k of what did offend it, and then they will 
 eato 
 
 ^ Concerning the Madnefi <?/ Dogs, and their 
 Venomous Bitings, 
 
 I think no reafonable man ought to quefUon why the 
 teeth of a mad dog fhould do more harm than thofe of 
 a lound one i becaufe in rage and anger the teeth of 
 every beaft and creature receive venorae and poifon 
 from the head, whereby when they bite at that time 
 they do much more harm. 
 
 Againft the iimple biting of a dog, take the urine of 
 a dog, which is fufficient, fince there is but little ve- 
 nome in thofe wounds. To lay the hair of the fame 
 dog thereon, fthough fo much talkt on) I look upon 
 as a meer foppery. Or being bit by a dog, take vine* 
 gar, and with your hand rub the wound very well', 
 then pour into it vinegar mixed with water or Nitre i 
 then wet a fpunge in the fame liquids, and fo let it re- 
 main bound up three days i then take Pellitory of the 
 wall, mingled and beaten with Salt, or any other plai- 
 fter for green wounds. 
 
 Divers are the cures and remedies for biting of mad 
 dogs j which I omit in this place, as belonging not to 
 my fubjed, but to Phyfick. 
 
 A Remedy againfi the common Mange. 
 
 This diftemper befalls a dog frequently for watit of 
 frelh water to drink when he dcfires it, and fometimes 
 by foul kennelling, and fometimes by foundering and 
 melting his greace. 
 
 You may cure it in this manner : Take two hand- 
 
 fuls of wild Creffes, two handfuls of Elecampane , 
 
 and as much of the leaves and roots of Roerb and 
 
 L 2 Soj-_ 
 
1^6 DifcafejsanuCute^of 8)pattid0> 
 
 Sorrel, and two pound of the roots of Frodels s make 
 them all boil well in lye and vinegar : having drai- 
 ned the decodion, put therein two pound of gray 
 foap •■) and when it is melted therein, then rub your 
 dogs with it four or tive days together , and it will 
 cure them. 
 
 A hrief Difcourfe of the Cure of Maladies 
 
 helonging to Spaniels, with other 
 
 accidents happening. 
 
 HOw necefTary a thing a Spaniel is to Faulconry, and 
 for thufe that delight in that noble recreation, 
 keeping Hawks for their paftime and pleafure, I think 
 no body need quettion, as well to fpring and retrive a 
 fowl being flown to (he mark, as alfo divers other ways 
 to help and alTili Faulcons and Golhawks. 
 
 Now fince they are fubjedl to many difeafes and cafu- 
 alties, I fhall endeavour to propound a fuitablc cure for 
 them •, and hril, I (hall begin with the Mange, as the 
 capital enemy to the quiet and beauty of a brave Spaniel^ 
 wherewith poor creatures they are often grievoufly tor- 
 mented, and as frcquendy infedt others. 
 
 For the cure of this diiiemper, take a pound of Bar- 
 Tcw-flick, common Oil three ounces, Brimftone well pul- 
 verized four ounces, Salt well beaten to powder, Aflies 
 well lifted and fearced, of each two ounces i boil all 
 thefe in a kettle or earthen-pot, and when they are all 
 well incorporated together, anoint your Spaniel with 
 this thrice every other day, either againft the Sun or 
 Fire : having fo done, walh him all over with good 
 llrong Lye, and this will kill the Mange. Remember 
 you Ihift his kennel and litter often. 
 
 If 
 
DfCrnfesf anti CitteiS of %mniel^. h? 
 
 If the Spaniel lofe its Hair, as it often happens, then 
 bathe your Spaniel in the water of Lupines or Hops, 
 and anoint him withftale Barrows- flick. 
 
 This ointment, befides the cure, maketh his skin look 
 flick and beautiful, and kills the fleas, the dogs difquie- 
 ters, and enemies to his eafe. 
 
 If this be not ftrong enough to deftroy this malady, 
 then take two quarts of ftrong vinegar, common oil fix 
 ounces, brimftone three ounces, foot fix ounces, brayd 
 fait and fearced two handfuls : boil all thefe together in 
 the vineger, and anoint your dog as aforefaid. This 
 receipt muft not be adminiftred in cold weather, for it 
 may hazard his life in fo doing. 
 
 If a Spaniel be not much troubled with the Mange, 
 then it is eafie to cure him thus : 
 
 Make bread with wheaten-bran, with the roots, 
 leaves, and fruit of Agrimony, beating them well in a 
 mortar, and, making it into a pa(k or dough, bake it 
 in an oven, and fo made, give thereof to your Spjimel\ 
 giving him no other bread for fome time, letting him 
 eat as long as he will. 
 
 Cure of the Formica. 
 
 In the fummcr-time there is a fcurvy malady which 
 very much afflidts a Spaniefs ears, and is accafioncd by 
 flies and their own fcratching with their feet : We term 
 it a Mange-, the Italians^ Formica, and the French^ Four' 
 mier. 
 
 For the cure, take Gum-dragaganth four ounces in- 
 fufed in the ftrongeft Vinegar may be gotten, for the 
 fpace of eight days, and afterwards bruifed on a mar- 
 ble-ftone, as painters do their colours, adding unto it 
 Roch-allum and Galls beaten to powder, of either two, 
 ounces i mingle all thefe well together, and lay it on 
 the place affiidtedo 
 
 L 3 fe 
 
14^ Difeafe^ ann Cutc^ of €)paitiels?* 
 
 For Swelling in the Throat. 
 
 By reafon of a humour diftilling from the brain, the 
 throat of a 5'/7^/«e/ will otten fwell unrcafonably. For 
 cure whereof, anoint the grieved place with oil of Ca- 
 momile 5 then wafh it with vinegar not over-ftrong mix- 
 ed with fait. Frobatttm ejh 
 
 Of Worms breeding in the Hurts and Mangy 
 parts of a Spaniel. 
 
 Thefe worms do hinder the cure of the mange or 
 wounds, caullng them to continue at one ftay, or to 
 grow worfe and worfe. To remove this hindrance, 
 take the gum of Ivy and convey it into the wound, and 
 let it there remain a day or two, wafhing the wound 
 with Wine ; and after that. anoint it with Bacon-greafe, 
 oil of Earth-worms, and Fvuc. 
 
 The powder of wild Cucumbers is excellent good to 
 kill thefe worms, and will prove a good corrofive, alfo 
 eating away the dead flc(h, and incrcafing the good. 
 
 If the worms be within the body, you mull deftroy 
 them in this manner : Caufe your Spaniel^ by fair 
 means or foul, when fafting., to eat the yolk of an egg 
 with two fcruples of Saffron pulverized and confedted 
 with the fame egg, keeping him after it falling till 
 night. 
 
 When a Spaniel is hurt, as long as he can cc me to lick 
 the wound with his tongue he needs no other remedy > 
 his tongue is his bell Chirurgcon : but when he cannot 
 do that, then futh wounds as are not venomous you may 
 cure with the powder of Matrefdva dried in an oven, 
 or in the Sun. If it be a bite of a Fox^ anoint it with oil 
 wherein Eaith- worms and Rue have been boiled toge- 
 ther. If by a mad dog, let him lap twice or thrice of the 
 
 broth 
 
Difeafeisf anti €iittn of ^pniu'elsf^ h9 
 
 broth of Germander, and cat the Germander too boil- 
 ed. 
 
 Others bore the skin of his neck through with a hot- 
 Iron juft betwixt his ears, fo as the fire may touch both 
 (ides of the hole made: after that, plucking up the skin 
 of the dog's fhoulders and flanks backwards, thruft it 
 through with a hot-Iron in like manner : by giving the 
 venom this vent, it is a ready way to cure him. 
 
 "To help a Spaniel that hath lo^ hk fenfe 
 of Smelling. 
 
 Spaniels^ fometimes, by reafon of (oo much reft and 
 greafe, or fome other accident, do lofe their fenfe of 
 fmelling, fo as they cannot fpring or retrive a fowl 
 after their ufual manner : To recover it again, take 
 Agarick two drams , Sal Gemma one fcruple i beat 
 thefe into powder, and incorporate them with Oxy- 
 melj making a pill as big as a nut, cover it with but- 
 ter, and give it the dog by fair means or foul. This will 
 bring him into a quick fcent, as I have oftentimes pro- 
 ved it. 
 
 The benefit of cntting off the tip of 
 a Spaniel'x Tail or Stern, 
 
 It is neceflary for fevcral reafons to cut off the rip 
 pf a Spaniels ftern when it is a whelp. Firft, by Co 
 doing worms are prevented from breeding there i in 
 the next place, if it be not cut, he will be the lefs for- 
 ward in preiTing haftily into the covert after his game s. 
 t)efides this benefit , the dog appears more beauti- 
 ful. 
 
 L 4. 
 
150 
 
 An Abftraft of fuch Penal 
 
 LAWS 
 
 As relate to 
 
 Hunters and Hunting. 
 
 STat. i3R.2.cap.i3. jeomaitMjofjatfinot 
 mnO0 fit 40s. perann. UQ} (Hcth lufjo ftatft 
 ..,. /^'^ ' ',°'' ^^^^^^^«^ P^^ 2"- fljaf I (jane 0^ feecp 
 anp (©rep ijouim, rpouitH^Dnir, ftmt.mtu 
 01 enmt to tJeffrop Deer, ii)are0, Coneps, 
 01 anp otijer c^entfemansi vjpame, m painuf 
 one Mjole pear -s imp^lfoment, UJ!jicJ)2uaice0 
 i3flE)eace6aDepciUiert0mm(t. 
 
 jr£e{!0, iparfe^, dl C^larrcns in tfie niffDt- 
 tf nie, m mrmntmj one of tfje mm^ Coan= 
 ni, rsiajumceofpeacetJO Mjommfo^nia- 
 tion tmll !ie matJr, (l)af( t.p (jt0 coarrant 
 mireti)eC>aen£erta ijeti^ouijUttieto^e ftim- 
 mu onoiiie otfjer Coancedo? 0^ 3lumceof 
 
 ifiiPr^f?'^"^"^^^' ^JJ^^^ ^^ 6e conceal 
 toe fact, tmi) ijuntinn: iljad lie DeemeU jrelo- 
 
 f»- !.?"^^^^"iJ confelTen, t6e£)ffcnce 10 one- 
 
 ip imabie at tOe nert ffenerai ^emon^. 
 
 m?A^^f 5i Hefcoug of tfie Crecution of a-- 
 
 n? fiicfi OLiarrant mil tie nffo Ueemenielo-' 
 
 Srar i^H. 7. cap. u. Bonc (!ja(( keep ani) 
 
 <f o^ea 0^ li^ar!i) in pam to foimt foi e^erp 
 
 ^ontij 
 
OfHUNTlNG. 151 
 
 ^ottt6 tfjtp ate fo Itept 40 s. miti)tt fljail 
 mp urn U3itl3 anp 'Buft 0? OBeall to aitp 
 Deer, ejccept in i)tsai ouin JFo?ea 01 parit, on 
 pant of 10 1. 
 
 Stat. 14, 15 H. 8. cap. lo. BOIXZ fljall ttact, 
 
 cieffcoj?, 0? liiU anj) ^are m tlje ^noui, m 
 min of 6 s. 8 d. foi ei^erp fucfi sDffettce : Ujgicft 
 jenaltu alfelTeti in ^'euion^ fljall q:o to tfie 
 feing » but in a JLeet, to tlje ILo^n tijeteof* 
 
 Stat. 3 Jacob, cap. 13. BOlte fljall (U)it()OUt 
 
 :|)e ^umetjs Ltcenfe) kill 0^ cljafe anp Deec 
 n Conep^ in aitp patfes, 0? ihciofen 
 ^?oimtij3, inpaintofuffet tfi^eemontfi^im- 
 j^ifonnicnt, to pap treble naittatje^ to tfte 
 mrtp gncueti , anti to be boimti tDitlj mo 
 im <duretie£Sto tfie gcoti beljabiourfo^ fe- 
 lenj^earist 'But tfte partp grteben, Saijino: 
 atij5faction, Ijatlj liberty? toreleafe tljeOSe- 
 labiour* 
 
 H. 'Bp tbe fame %tmitz it appears, tfiat 
 f anp perfon not Ijabing 40 1. per annum in 
 .anti0, 0} 200 1. tit i^(Dti«3, 0? fonie inclofen 
 p?ounti ufeb fo? Deer 0? ConepiS too^tlj 40 s„ 
 er ann. Ht leaf!, fljall ufe attp ^un, 0301115 01 
 rrof^-bolD to liilt aup Deer oiCoiiepjoij o? 
 jail keep anv nsuck flail, jferret,Don;,jeet, 
 I otbercSngine, it (Ijall be latoful fo? au)^ 
 erfon (fja^mo; lanti^ ino^tlj 100 1. perann.j 
 take fuel) &inj &c. from aupfucfj perfon, 
 nti to conbert it to W obin ufe. 
 
 Stat. 1 3 Car. 2. cap. 20. i^oue fljallunlaiufuf-' 
 ; Courfe, MIU ipimt, 01 tarrp awav an)> 
 peer in mv jf oieft, Cfiafe, l^urlieui, UKdXiy ' 
 Mtk. ni ctfjer ^^ounti tuljere Deer babe 
 een ufuallp kept, luitbin England bm vvaics, 
 iitijout tiie confent of tfje C)UJner0 0? par- 
 tie 
 
15* OfHUNTING. 
 
 tp cWfi^ truffeti tuitl) tfjc tnHoxsv tijercof, oi 
 tieaiHingoiaaiaiuijtliecciit, upoupatit, be= 
 iiig coniJtcteti bp confcfrtoit, o? one OTitneriJ, 
 l3efo?e aiip jiifticc of tlje peace Uiitljin fit 
 ittontljsJ after t!je S^ffence, of 20 1. to be \cWo 
 hv ntltvefg bp OLIaerant of tfie faiti Slufticess : 
 one nioitp to tlje ^Infontier, tlje otijcr to tfjc 
 £Dtunei* of tlje Deer: 3nti fo? luant ot tJiftrcf^, 
 to be comniitteti to tlje 5:)oitfe of Co^ccction, 
 0.1 common ^oal, fo? one pear, anti not Utf 
 cljaracti till fufficicnt ^uretieis be ijtben fo^ 
 tije ifm befiatJiour* 
 
 11. 3 1 !6 ne\icrtbelef0 pjoln'tieti, tfiat upon 
 puniO^aient of tW stature tlje penalty oi 
 no otijerlatDbe inturretJ. 
 
 Stat. 2 2 & 2 3 Car. 2 . cap. 2 5. Jt (0 (gnaftet! « 
 
 -vEiljat all Lo.2t!^ of ©annourg o^ otber Eop^ 
 altie0, not imner tlje tsegreeof anCfqmre- 
 map bp Writing; unucc tljeir Ipano^ ant 
 %tii^^ autljon^e one o^mo^e *^ame--keeperiE 
 UJitijln tljetr refpectibe C?9annotirj2i o? Eop 
 afttessi Mjo beinnjtbereunto fo autl)Oii?eij. 
 map take anti fcife ad fuclj ^^umsi, l^oiujs. 
 <^^ep-!jount!!5, ^etttng-^tioijis, Lurcljer^, o; 
 ct!}er Dogs to kiK rparegi o? Conepji, jFer 
 ret0, Crammel05 loin bell0, fpapejs, oi o 
 tf3cr Ettt^, !pare=pipe0, ^nareis, oi otbet 
 €nn;inc^ to? tlje takino: ano killinn: of Co 
 neP0, i\irc05 pljcafant^, l^partringe^, oi 
 otljcr o?ame, a9 luitljin tlje IB.^ecinitjES of fuclj 
 rcfpeitibe $?immour0 lljal! be ufen bp am^ 
 perronciperiungiimjobprlji.ei ^ctare p^olji= 
 biteti to keep o? ufe tijefame. ann if anp 
 perfon oi peifunei bp tljiss ^it p^oljibiteu to 
 keep onife anp ^Si5un'0, Doo:5,&c. asafo^e^ 
 fatti, be upon ucon urounn fiifpetteH to (jabc 
 
 01 
 
OfHUNTlNG. 155 
 
 0? keep in W 0? tljeir cuff otip, mv (55ttit«5, 
 'Boui^, o^anpfonofDotjjSj&c. tdtiefttop 
 lMt0, Coucpgi, &c. ctjcn map tfje fain 
 <^ame=keepec 01 c^anie keepers, 01 otljec 
 perfoii (beino: tljereimto autljo^i^eti lip 
 ^arrant untiet tlje ipanti ann ^eal of 
 m\p jufttce of tfie ^^cace of tljc fame 
 Countp, DiUifion, 0? I5)face ) in tfie t>ap^ 
 time, reatcft tl)c Ipoufe^, ^uMjoufeSvOI 0^ 
 tljei* place?3 of fuc!) pcifon^ fo fufpecten : anu 
 ifanp^im, ^^^ePijounn, 'Bolnjs, ^cttuuT- 
 tioD:05&c. iietijete fomtn, tijefame fee fljalt 
 fei^e, Betain, ann keep, to ann fo? tfee ufe of 
 tlje Lo^tiof t!)e®annoaeo? Eopaltp Mjerc 
 t!)e fame fljall be fo fomtn 01 taken i 01 otljet- 
 HJife to cut in piecejai 01 neftcop, ajs tf^nxm 
 ty tW ^rt p?oljsbiteti to i^ekept tip tfjeic it 
 0i*ee. 
 
 II. Bone Ijaijino: lantijs 01 Cenement^, 
 01 fome otijec Cftate of inljerirance in Ijiis 
 oiun 01 1)10 aiifc0 rigljt, of tlje clear uauie 
 of 100 1. per ami. 01 fo] tenii Of life, 0? fja- 
 ijingLcafe o? Leafed of ^ppeai:^ at leaff of 
 tlje clear Mlnz of 1501. Boi tlje €5on ann 
 Deir apparent of an cgfquire, 0? otfter per 
 fon of ijigljer ncpee, idIjo are Iierelip necKv 
 reti to be tlje perfoniJ Beclaret? bp tlje Lalug of 
 tfjt^Eealm notalloujeuto fjaise 0? keep anp 
 iSDunjg, Oi$olD05 «^?cp4joimti5,^ettuifi=tioQ;jS5 
 jferretio, Ccnep-Hop, ILurcljers, l)iiv&y 
 ii5et05 jLoui'beil^, Iparcpipc^, ^narejs, c| 
 ctljer €nglneji afoJefatn: ij3ut fl)ailbe5ann 
 are Ijcrebp p^oljibtteD to Ijai^e, keep, 01 ufe 
 tlje fame* m £)\mtxu ano il^e£per«3 ot iFo= 
 refts, l?ark0,CBarren0, o^Cljafe^, bcuifi: 
 nocktuiitlj Deer 0? Conep^ fouljeir nccef^ 
 
 farp 
 
154 OfHUNTlMG. 
 
 mmm.oi cijareiei are alf otoe^ to top'&c 
 in. Bone map enter Uj^ongfulfp into mp 
 mmm o?,o:t:ounn itiWnm uferi oi km 
 m t&e ij^eemnu o? keepinijof ConePjs i r al* 
 tfiottrttfiefame be not enclofeti) nonafee, 
 kill, 0? crjafe an^^conep0 tficre trntfiout tfte 
 confent of tlje Oiunec tfiereof, not imiim 
 anplaujful Citte o^ autljomp fo to0o7on 
 paintojJielti totfje partP ffcieHeti treWe tia- 
 tna0e0 ann coff i liefine^ fljall fuffer tlntz 
 moixm ^mp^ifonmcnt, cm after till ml 
 tm mimim fo? tMt m^ nbmm t m 
 prrfon offeiuiino: tiruiiyconutcttij? one mxv 
 xm upon £)atlj, 0? fji^ oujn cdnfelTton i^ 
 fufficient* 
 
 Jl. ^^ Petfott 0? perfon^ fljall take in t!je 
 nmljt time anp Conr)^0 apontlje Ijo^ner^of 
 ?.?lP^*Yr^^".' 0? otijcr ^mxm^, \mM\^ 
 nfen foi tlje b^eenino: 02 keepinn: of anv Co-- 
 nep0,ercept fnclj ag( fljall U ottiner-3 of tfte 
 €>oi!,o2 faujfuf occupier o? polfeiro? of the 
 grounu^ 0.2 aup perfong empfoDeH \s\) fiinu 
 ijcr^onOcm, Uifjereonfucf) €mtn dial! ije 
 fokillets 01 takeui upon pain thateUeri) 
 mnxntx, immiv mma a^ afo^cfaitJ, fliali 
 giije t!)e partP 0^ parties innireti fucf) recom- 
 peitce omtij^faiTion fo? W 0^ tljcir namaircis^, 
 mtn tpitljin facfj time m fljail be appointen bp 
 t!}e 3iuaicc before lufjom fucij Offender Hjalf 
 Bcconljicteti i anti oljer ann alione pap tioiun 
 Plcfentlpto tlje ©Uerfeer^ fonOeufeof the 
 \mnt m l^ariflj UJhere fuc!) ^DfTence fljail 
 ftecommittcti, fuel) fum of moitp, not e;rcee' 
 mno: .0 s. as tOc fain nuflice mU tfjinlt meet. 
 antJ If fuel) £)frenner 0^ C>ffeniier^ no not 
 
 make 
 
I OfHUNTlNG. 155 
 
 make tecompence aKatigfamcitt to t!je faiD 
 partP 01 particjs innireti, anu alfo pap t!jc 
 ram Turn to t{)c l^coiajs afo^efaitii tfjcntfjc 
 faiti :jullice fbail commit tije fain £Dffeiniet: 
 31 f)ffenl!O|0 to tlje fpoufe of Correction, foj 
 iiclj time ajs tijc fain 31tifticc fljait tijink fit, 
 tot erccetiina; one mmiti). 
 V. p^ouitien tijat uifiat iis ntentionen m 
 tf)i0 ^ct of 22 & 23 Car. 2. ettenn not to a-- 
 biicp anp Eopairp 01 p^ecoijatiDe of Ijisi 
 a&ajeftpi mi to abnnge, djange, 01 alter a-- 
 !ii> jfoieft=LaW03 but tlje fame to hz of foice, 
 ann remain a^ if tfjiis ^ct ijan not been mane* 
 
 A further Abftradl of feme Penal LAWS 
 as concern Forests, Chases, ^c 
 
 I. X 5^^^^ ft^^^ ^^ ^6^^^ 8)tDainmoteis in t6e 
 
 1 ^ear , viz. one 1 5 napjs before Michaei- 
 
 mafsi anotber about Martinmafs, anntbetbirn 
 
 15 naj>j5 before Midfummer. at tje firft ttDO 
 
 of ^b'icb none ftatl appear bp niffref^, but 
 tlje jf oilers, vllernorjg, ann ij^ett taker , anu 
 at tlje otber onelp tbe ifoCers ann OernoriS : 
 ()oiobeit tfie jfoftersi ann Qlernoriej fljall meet 
 eberp fortP nap^, to fee tbe attachment of 
 tbe iFo?cft"0, a0 meU foi ^iztMm. ajai ?)un« 
 ting: 3nn tbe ^toainmotes (ball not bz 
 kept, but in tbe Counties UJbere tljep Ijabc 
 ufentobekept. 
 
 ". Latuing of Doq:0 fljall be mane in jFo= 
 refl0,from 3 peargs to 3 peans bp tbe bieio ann 
 tcftimonp of laliiifulmen, ann not otljertDife: 
 ^oujbeit fucfj jLatuins of Oogis fljall not be 
 
 but 
 
15^ OfHUNTlNG. 
 
 •but tnfietc it Ijatft been ufeti fcom t6e Co^o 
 nation of Hen. 2d. 
 
 in. ji^o jfofter o^ QBeatile ftaU make €)Co 
 tal, 0? gatfter (Sarbe, OatjSjlamb, oi\diQ 
 ibutbP tj)e fiijljt oftlje 12 Eangct^Mjen tlje 
 fljall make tljeir Eantve : anti tijece fl^all b 
 fo manp Eanpcjs airignen foi tlje keepini 
 of jfo^eagf, ais fljall feem teafonablp fuffi 
 ctentfoHljefame* 
 
 IV. anp pEcfon lya'oiwQ a OTooti in tlje jf 
 reft map aijeft ic^ana take i)W pauinage tftcn 
 at W pleafute ^ Ije mai? alio n^iiie Ijijs ipogj 
 t[)|oun;f) ti)e l^iniT^ rointss', 02 eifeiufj-re fo 
 ttjat puipofc i auo if ti)z\> l^ aU nigljt in tfti 
 jf oieft, Ije ftali not be queftioncti foz it. 
 
 V. Bmt iljail lore life 01 ^embet fo^ kil 
 littu of Deer, but ffiall be fiueo foi it if Iji 
 Ijaiie anp tljinn: i if not, be fball be imp^ifonet 
 a peat anna Bap: ann (if becanfintiijajt 
 €)Ut:etiE0) fljau tbenbe nelitieceti > but if not 
 Ije (bail abjUce tbe Eealm. 
 
 VI. a peer ot tbe Eealm, beino: fent fo; 
 hp tbeHxino:, in comino: aiiB i-etutnino; \m\ 
 kill a Deei* 0? tloo in tfje jf oielt tbioufff 
 UJljicb bepalTctD: Ijotnbeit, itmuftnot be 
 none p^iHilv, but bp tbe UicUJ of tbe jf oiler, 
 if p^efent* but if abfent, bp caufingone to 
 ijlotu a pom fo? bim, left be feem to fteal tbe 
 ^eer* 
 
 vii.'bo Cbimage 0? Coll ftjall be taken 
 in jfo^eft^, but bP a jfo^efter in fee, tbat 
 farmiss W 'Bailitoick, anD onelu of fuclj a0 
 bup tbeir Oi5ulbej3, Cimber, 'Bark,o?CoaIief5 
 to tell it again , viz. 2 d. to2 a Cart, anti i d. 
 foi an 1)01% to betaken balf PearlP : ann it 
 fljall onelp be taken lobere it Ijatlj ufen to 
 
 be 
 
OfHUNTING. 157 
 
 fee taken, anti not elfeMjere : BtitUt fljnil 
 m\v cljtniasE be taken of fticlj n^ mtv ln\t^ 
 mm of 'Buflje-s, 05ack 01 Coal, albeit tijep 
 fell it,imleri3 tljep take tftem out of tije mw^ 
 
 T)tn\dntlt\(Sii}^. 'ThushvChartaForcjia. 
 
 a jfo^cft£i, packer, 01 aiamnee fljall 
 not be niieftioneti fo^ killinn; a ^tefpafler, 
 tDlio (after tlje peace crpeu to Ijini) tyill not 
 pteitJ bimfelf, fo it be not none out ct fome o- 
 tber former malice* stat. 2 1 Ed. i. 
 
 ji^o ® mifter of tlje jf o^eil fljaii be put up- 
 on anp m^z, 3urp, 0? inqueft to be taken 
 
 tOit!jO'UttbeifOiea\ Ordin.ForelV 
 
 Stat. I Ed. 3. cap. 8. jj^oue fijall be taken 01 
 Smp^ifoneti fo^ Oert oi aenifon, unlef^ be 
 be taken UJttOtije nianner, o^elfeintiicteB ac-^ 
 co^tJintjtotijeftnmof tl)e star. 34. Ed. i. mm 
 tben tlie m^fnzix of tbe f o?eil fi)aU take 
 bim to ^^ainpiife, until tije ep^e of tfje f 0= 
 reft, vuitbout taking: anp tfjinir fo? iji^^tJeli' 
 l3erance* anB if tije aiartsen luiJl not fo Do, 
 be (ball bai^e a OTcit out of tbc Cfjaucerp ot 
 £)lti oinatneti foi pecfou^ intiiiten to be bai= 
 letitilltbe^pre. ^ , ^^, ^ 
 
 Stat. I Ed. 3. cap. 2. ^v man bairnig clOcdb 
 ^itm tbe jf oieft, ma> take lpo^fe^ba3t anti 
 ]D)ap^ba)t in fji^ faiti caa3ti, tuitbout beino; 
 att'acben fo2 tfje fame 'op tbe C^mifter^ of tbc 
 f o?ea, fotbatitbe none bptftebieloof tbe 
 
 jfo?efter0. _ ^^. ^ ., ^ 
 
 Stat. 7. R. 2. cap. 4. Bo Officer of tbe ifo-- 
 
 reft iball take oi imprifon anp Uiitbout nue 
 
 3inni(tment, 01 per main ouvre flnitb 1)1^ banu 
 
 i attbeftio^k) tbatisJ, being taken luitbtije 
 
 ! manner, oi trefpamng; in tbe if o^eft i no? 
 
 ! ftall conftrain anp to mt^kz C)bligation o^ 
 
 Ean-- 
 
158 Of HUNTING. 
 
 aaanfome agamff m mu ann m mttz oi 
 tee jfo?eft, in pain to pap tfie mtPQtimi 
 mnmm^^'^' »^"^ to fteratomeSat tf/c 
 
 fiOUntllStfiei-eOf; See the statute atC^^ ^"^ 
 ,7 Car cap. I ^. Bo place UHtljIlt England 02 
 
 Wales, Ulcere no Suffice ^tat, ^tDammotc 
 Court, oiattacDment 6at&WnS m 
 
 2oj»ean5, ftalllje accounted jfo2r(t -^ 
 n. CenantiefanD ^Duinerg of an mrtmrn 
 
 St'/^'^^'"^'^ tfjeir common anTS? 
 
 Star. 20. Car. 2. cap. 3. ^^11 CfiOUfantr 2ctP^\ 
 
 enciofmann kept m fei)cta(t;?,fo2 the itrototK 
 ant. p^efec^ation of Cfm&er : an^^fie mtoer 
 njt mm anrr (^ouetnment of jro"ea^ 
 
 FINIS. 
 
GENTLEMAN^^ 
 
 BEING A 
 
 TREATISE 
 
 HAWKING 
 
 AND 
 
 fitted for the Delight and Pleafure 
 of all Noblemen and Gentlemen. 
 
 Collefled front Aneient and Modern 
 
 Authors, and Redlified by the Experience of 
 the mod Skilful Artifts of thefe Times; 
 
 .With an Abftraft of fuch Statute-Laws 
 as concern this Recreation. 
 
 €{je ^ztmt} pact. 
 
 London : Printed by J C, and F. C. for N. C. 
 
!^ 
 
O F 
 
 Hawk 
 
 The IntroduBion, 
 
 THe Element wherein the Faulconer ufeih to 
 trade, is the Air \ and though he dealeth 
 fometimts in the Watcr.^ yet he prefers the 
 Air before it, that yielding him molt Pvecre- 
 ation ', for it is unable to ft©p the high fearing of his 
 generous Faulcon : in it (he flies to fuch a height, that^ 
 being loft to the fight of Mortals, (he feems to con- 
 verfe with Heaven alone » and, like Icarits-y endangers 
 her Wings to be fcorcht by the Sun-beams ? and yet 
 is fearlefs, cutting the fluid Air with her nimble Pini- 
 ons, making her High- way over the tkepeft Mountains 
 anddeepeft Rivers, and in her lofty career looks down 
 with a feeming contempt on the greatell: Glories we 
 mort ertimate : and yet fuch is her Loyalty and Obedi- 
 ence to her Matter, that a word .from his mouth fliall 
 make her floop and condefcend. 
 
 This Element of Air is not onely to be praifcd for the 
 
 Recreation it affords the Faulconers, but for its Ufeful- 
 
 ncfs to all, no creature being in a condition to live with- 
 
 ein it : for if the infpiring or expiring Organ of any 
 
 [a 2] crea- 
 
2 €fje 3!nttotittrtioit» 
 
 creature be ftopt, itmuft fpeeclilydic,ancl pay the Debt 
 that's due to Nature. 
 
 And as this Element juftly ntierits praife , fo do its 
 wing'd Inhabitants, both feeding and refrefhing Man- 
 kind : with their Bodies they perform the hrit, and the 
 latter with their harmonious Voices. 
 
 The number of Heaven's airy Quire is fo great, 
 I cannot here well enumerate themj yet I rou(t not 
 pafs by thtfe nimble Mtjficians of the Air, which 
 warble forth fuch curious Notes as puzzle Art to imi- 
 tatc. 
 
 I mean to fpeak of few, and firft of the Lark^: When 
 flic means to recreate her felf and hearers, (he quits the 
 Earth, and fings as flie afcends i and having made an 
 end of her heavenly Ditty , (he feems to fwound to 
 think flie muft dcfcend again unto the dull Earth, which 
 fhe would fcorn to tread but for necellity. 
 
 Again, obferve how the Blacl^-bird and the Thrufh 
 contend who (hall with their unimitable Voices bid the 
 beli welcome to tlie fragrant Spring. 
 
 Nor dorh the Nightingale come fhoft in breathing 
 out her loud Muiick through the fmall Organ of her 
 Throat. How have I oft admired in a Itill night the 
 clearncfs of her Airs, thefweetnefs of her Defcants, her 
 natural Pvillng"; and Fallings, her Doublings and Re- 
 doublings ! 
 
 A'Tuch more might be faid of thefe , which I fl^aH 
 wave, being a digrfilion from my purpofe, which is to 
 ticat of another BirdofPleafure, viz. the Hawk^^ 
 
 HErc note, that the Harvk is di(^inguiflicd into two 
 kindts> the Long-winged^ and Sbort-wingcd 
 
 Of 
 
Of fpmU* 3 
 
 Ofthcfirft kind there are ihef«, which are here a- 
 mongft us moft in ufe : 
 
 The Gerfaulcon and JerkirJ-, 
 
 Faulcoa and Tiercel-gentle^ 
 
 Lanner ZT\d Lannerety 
 
 Bockirel and Bock^ret^ 
 
 Sak^r and Sak^ret, 
 
 Merlimnd Jack^merlin^ 
 
 Hobby and Jack^ . . 
 
 The Stelletto oi Spain^ 
 
 The bloud-red Kook^oi Turkit^ 
 
 The Woiklte from Virginia, '[ " 
 
 Of the Short-mnged Harvh^ there are thefe : 
 
 The Eagle and Iron^. 
 Go(hatf>h^dX\dL Tiercel^ 
 The Sparron>'han>k^3ind Musket ^ 
 Two for ts of the French Pie% 
 
 Of inferiour fort there are thefe : 
 
 The Stanyel or 'Ring-tail^ 
 
 The Rdi/fw and Buzzard^ 
 
 The ForJ<e^ K/Ve and bold Buzzard^ 
 
 The Hen-driver^ Sec, 
 
 It is not to be expeded that we (hould treat of all 
 thefe and many others bearing different Names , but 
 onely fuch which axe moft in ufe, of which I (hall re- 
 gularly treat concerning their Eyries , Mewings, Ca- 
 llings, Renovation of Feathers, &c, with their Re- 
 claiming, Dieting, Difgafes , Cures , and Method of 
 Pia^ice. 
 
 [a 3] terms 
 
Terms of Art in Faulconry , as they 
 were ufcd by Ancient Faulconers > 
 and are now by Modern Praftitio- 
 ners, with their Explanations. 
 
 THe Jge of a lian\: 
 The Hrlt year, a Soarage. 
 The fecond year, an Enterviertf, 
 The third year, a White Hawkc 
 The fourth year, a Han^k^ofthefirfl Coat, 
 ArmsjZxc the Legs from the Thigh to the Foot. 
 
 Bate^ is when the Haivk^ fluttereth with her Wings ci- 
 ther from Pcarch to Fitt, as it were liriving to get a- 
 way. 
 
 Bathing, is when the H<«tr^ wafheth her felfat home or 
 abroad, 
 
 BeaJ^^ is the upper part of the Bill that is crooked. 
 
 Beam Feathers^ are the long Feathers of the Hawk^ 
 Wings. 
 
 heavy of^ails^ are a brood of young ^aih. 
 
 Beti?itf^ are the Leathers with Bells buttoned about the 
 Han>}^f Legs. 
 
 Binding^'xs tyring, or when a K/rrJ^feizeth. 
 
 Bovpet^ is when a young HawJ^ draws any thing out of 
 her Nell, and covets to clamber on the bowcs. 
 
 Botyfing^ is when the i:/^!:^]^ drinks often, and yet con- 
 tinually thirrteth for more. 
 
 Branch or Stand, is to m^ke the Hatrk^kzp from Tree 
 to Tree till the Dogfprings the Partridge. 
 
 Bran- 
 
jfauIconEriS ^ettti^* 5 
 
 Brancher , is a young Harvk^ newly taken out of the 
 Neft. 
 
 Cadge^ is that circular piece of Wood on which Wn>kf 
 
 are carried when they are expofed to fale. 
 Sanceleer^ is when a high-flown Harvk^ in herftooping 
 
 turneth two or three times upon the wing, to recover 
 
 her felf before (he feiieth. 
 Carry ^ is flying away with the Quarry. ^ 
 
 Caji your Han\to the Pearch^ is to put your Hawl^ bn_ 
 
 the Pearch. 
 Cajiing^ is when you give your Hawk^ any thing to 
 
 clean fe and purge her Gorge. 
 Carvifi s a jFi.tn?^ nnay be fo called at the beginning of 
 
 the year^nd (ignihes as much as to carry on the Filt. 
 Cataraji^ a Difcafe in Hawks fo called. 
 Cajtterizing'Irons, are Irons to fear with. 
 Cawklng-time^ is Tread ing-time. 
 Crabbings is when Harvkf^ (landing too near, fight with 
 
 one another. 
 Creance^ is a fine fmall long Line of ftrong and even- 
 wound Pack-thread which is fafined to the Hajvi^s 
 
 Leafe or Leafh when fhe is firit Lured. 
 Cheeky., that is when the H^n?i^forfakes her proper Game 
 
 to fly at Pies, Crows, or the like, croiling her in jier 
 
 flight. 
 Clip, is the nether part of the Havp](s Beak. 
 Coping-hous^ are ufed in coping or paring the Harvk^ 
 
 Beak, Pounces, or Talons, when over-grown. 
 Cowring^ is when young Hawk/ quiver and (hake their 
 
 Wings, in teftimony ot obedience towards the old 
 
 ones. 
 Cri/2efj,are the fmall black Feathers like Hairs about the 
 
 Sere. 
 
 VifclofedAs when the young juft peep through the fhell. 
 [a 4] Vrop' 
 
^ iraufcoiici*i5 Cccmjsf. 
 
 Propping , is when the Hjwi^muteth dire^ftly dovynr 
 ward in feveral drops,^ not yerking it ftreight for- 
 wards. 
 
 l^aJerv^ is when the f/jivi^digefteth her meat, that (he 
 pot cncly difchargeth her Gorge thereof, but like- 
 wife dcanfcth her PanneL 
 
 Enjeame^ is the purging of a HarvJi;^ of her glut and 
 Grea(c. 
 
 Enter a HawJ^ is when (he firft begins to kill. 
 
 fyfi, is a young H^*!?/^ newly taken out of the Nell, 
 not able to prey for hinnfelf. 
 
 JEj/rit', is that place vyhere Haaok^ l?uiU, and hatch their 
 yoijng, 
 
 feakii^g^ is when the Uarv\ wipeth her Beak after fee- 
 ding. 
 
 FflanJefs^ ajort of little red Worms that ufually breed 
 in Harvkf. 
 
 FIj^t^ Feathers next the principal Feathers in the 
 Haxvi(s Wing. 
 
 Fly on head^ is milling her ^arry^ and betaking her 
 felf to the next Check, as Crows, e^-c. 
 
 Fprf^zj/e, is the Female- Hirt'/;. ' 
 
 Formica^ z Difeafe in Hawks lo called. 
 
 Frounce^ is a Pifeafe common in the IVJoutli or Throat 
 of 4 H^rvk. 
 
 Gleam^ after a Hjirl^hath cart,(he Gleamith,or throweth 
 --up hithlrom her Gorge. 
 
 G/«f, is the flimy fubrtancethat lies in the Harvkj Pan- 
 ne!. 
 Gr.rge, is called in other Fpwl the Crarr or Crop. 
 Curgkhig^ is when (he is lluft and fuficcated. 
 
 H4c'\\i the place where ^l}e fJai^K^s Meat is laid. 
 
H^u^K k^pf ^^^ ^""^^^ ^^ ^^^" ^^ ^^'^^ ^^ the place 
 where (he lays in Partridge.oi the like, until it be re- 
 
 trivcd. n 1- u u 
 
 Her/; 4* feidge, is when ycu find a Her;z ftanding by the 
 water. fide watching for Prey, or the like. 
 
 Jack, IS the Wzk'Hawki ,., r « j 
 
 Jejfes, arc thofe fhort ihaps of Leather which are fafined 
 
 to the HaiflY Legs, and fo to the Leafc or Lealh by 
 
 Varvails, and fuch-like. 
 Imp, is to infert a Feather into the Wing of a HawK 
 
 in the place of one that is broken. 
 |/;(e , is the Neck from the H<>-ad to the Body of any 
 
 Bird which the Hj^doth prey upop. 
 Intermewing, is fronn the firft exchange of the Harvk^s 
 
 Coat, till (he turn white : and this is fo called from 
 
 the fir{t Mewing. 
 Joiik^th, is when (he fleepeth. 
 
 LHfe, that is when a young H^rri^ is called by the Faul- 
 cpner thereunto, and is made of Feathers and Lea- 
 ther not much unlike a Fowl, which he caiieth up 
 into the Air. 
 
 l^eafe or Leajh, is a fnlall long thong of Leather by 
 which the Faulconer holdeth his Harvk^hi\ , folding 
 it many times about his Finger. 
 
 Icjff, is when the JFiiwi^ holds in to ypu. 
 
 A Maki-Han>k^ is an old Staunch- H^w^ which ufed to 
 
 fly, will cafily inftrudt a young Harvki 
 MMughigaHarvk^, is to ufe her with Art and Skill. 
 \Mak^ out, is when the Harvk, goes forth at Check. 
 (Mailes, are the Brea(t-feathcrs. 
 Manning, is making a H^jpi^to endure company. 
 M^nthth , is when the Hartk^ firetcheth one of her 
 
 Winas after her L'-rs and fo the other. 
 
s iFaulcortetis %ttm^. 
 
 Mew, is the place where you fet down your Hatvk^dn^ 
 
 ring the time (he raifeth her Feathers. 
 Muting^ is the Excrements or Dung of a Hatok^^ and fo 
 
 it is of a Hern. 
 Mites^ are a fort of Vermin that trouble the Head and 
 
 Nares of a HawJ^ 
 
 Nares^ are the little holes in a Harvk^s Beak. 
 
 Pearch^ is the Hjn>}(s refting-place when (he is oif the 
 Faulconers Fift. 
 
 Pelt, is the dead body of any Fowl the H^wj^hath kil- 
 led. 
 
 Pill or Pelf, is what the H^m^hath left of her prey after 
 (he is relieved. 
 
 Plume, is the general mixture of Feathers and Colour? 
 by which the Conftitution of a Hjiv}{\s known. 
 
 Plumage, are fmall Feathers given the Harvk to makai 
 her caft. 
 
 Pluming, is after the Harrk hath feized her Prey . andl 
 dKmantlcs it of the Feathers. • '' 
 
 Pannel, is the Pipe next the Fundament of ^ U^ztvk^ 
 where (he digefteth her meat from her body. 
 
 Pantos, a Difeafe in Harvlq fo called. 
 
 Pcndaut'Feathrs, thofe Feathers behind the Thigh of a 
 Hawk, 
 
 Petty fingles, arethe Tocs of the Hanvkf 
 
 Pounces, are the Claws of the Hatvk,. 
 
 ^rinciyal- Feathers , are the two longeO Feathers in the| 
 Havp](s Wings. 
 
 Pruneth, is when the H2»?j^pickcthherfelf. 
 
 Put over, is when a Ht/w/^removcth her Meat frcm the 
 Gorge into her Bowels , by traverfing with her Bo- 
 dy, but chiefly with her Neck. 
 
 ^^rry, is the Fowl which the H^n^JS^^flics at dead of 
 ' ' alivc» Kaifid 
 
aifed in fleih, is when a Hawk^^xows fat. 
 i^f, is when the Haivk^ flies out too far from the 
 
 Fowl. 
 lamage, is when a H*«wi^ is wild , and difficult to be 
 
 leclainned. 
 langle^ is when we give a Hjwk^Gizvd to bring her to 
 
 her Stomach. 
 litrivcy is when Partridges, having been fprung, are to 
 I find again. 
 loMze^ is when a Hjn?J^Ufteth her felf up and ftiaketh 
 
 her felf. 
 :«jf,is when the Haa>k hits the Prey, and yet nottruf- 
 
 fes it. 
 [ufter-bood , is a plain and ealle Leather-hood, being 
 
 large, wide, and open behind, and is to be worn by 
 
 a f/jn?)^ when you hrii draw her. 
 Uclaim, is to make a Hawk, tame, gentle, and famiUar. 
 
 -" « 
 
 Mi//, are the Wings of a Hanf}{. 
 
 'ear or Sere^ is the yellow between the Beak and Eyes 
 
 ot the" Harvki 
 'eeling^ is when a. HatvkJ\ii\. taken is fo blinded with 
 
 a Thread run through the Eye-lids, that (he fees not, 
 
 or very little, the better to make her endure the Hoodo 
 'cizhig^ IS when a H^wi^ gripes her Prey, or any thing 
 
 elfe. fart within her Foot. 
 'etting dow/i, is when the Haw}{ is put into the Mew. 
 7/ce, is when a H^wk, muteth a great diftance from 
 
 her. 
 'liming, is when aH^wiS^mutcth without dropping. 
 'nitiiig^ is when a Harv\d,<i it were fneezeth. 
 'oar huix\^ that is from the firfl: taking her from the 
 
 Eyries rill (he hath Mewed her Feathers. 
 'pring^ is when any Partridge or Pheafant rife. 
 'looping^ is when the Han>k, is aloft upon her Wing, and 
 
 then defcends to rtrike her Prey. 
 
 Sum- 
 
Summ^d^ is when the Hspoh^xi in all her Plumes. 
 Smvel, is that which keepeth a Haivk^kom twifting. 
 
 Tiercel or 7ajfel^ is the Male- HjwI;. 
 
 liring^ is when you give your Hawk^ a Leg oi Pinion 
 a Pullet, Pidgeon, &c, to pluck at. 
 
 *Train^ is the Tail of the Hawkc ' 
 
 7'rajfingy is when Che raifeth any Fowl aloft, and fo 
 ing with it, at length defcendeth with it tot' 
 ground. ' 
 
 Varvels^Wttk Rings of Silver at the end of the Jefl 
 
 whereon the owners of the Harvl^hivc their Nan 
 
 ingraven. 
 Vureclaimed, is when a Han>k^ is wild. 
 V/tfeeling^ is when you take away a Thread that ru 
 
 through the Harvks Eye-lids, and hinders her fighi 
 Vnflriks the bood^ is to draw the Strings, that it may 
 
 in a rcadinefs to pull off. 
 Vnfitmm'd, is when the Feathers of a Hawk^ are n 
 
 fully grown. 
 Vrinej^ are Nets to catch Hart>kj withal. 
 
 Warbling^ ts after a Haxvk hath mantled her felf fii 
 crofles her Wings together over her Back. 
 
 Weatherings is when you air your Hsrvi^ in Froft, Su. 
 or by the Fire- fide. 
 
 Whur^ is the rifing and fluttering of Partridge or Phe; 
 fant. 
 
 h. - 
 
 n 
 
f)f i|)aluk!0i anti iDaMinff, 1 1 
 
 c Mantes and Natures 0/ Hawks in general i 
 andfirfi of the Haggard-Faulcon. 
 
 Begin with the Haggard-Faulcon , fince it is a Hawk 
 ' which moft men now- a- days covet, to fit and pre- 
 rc for their delight and pleafure i although hereto- 
 c I hear lefs fpoken of her praife by the Antients 
 in (he deferves. 
 
 Some of old have preferred the F aulcon-gentk for 
 ttlc and courage, being of alovingdifpofition, ftrong 
 d daring, and hardy in all feafons \ and by amera 
 ftake have undervalued the Haggard-faulcon , con- 
 inning her as being a Bird too tender to endure rough 
 d boilterous weather. 
 
 Experience confutes this Opinion, (he being known 
 be able to endure as much the extremity of weather, 
 more than the 7kTC£U Faulcon-gentle^ or mod other 
 iwks what foe vcr i and therefore (he (hall fir ft take 
 »ce in this manner. 
 
 The Haggard-faulcon, wild, and unreclaimed, takes 
 arge liberty to her felf for her abode, either by Sea 
 Land V and is fo abfolate in her power, that where- 
 cr ftie comes, all flying Fowl ftoop under her fubjedi- 
 ). Nay, the 7iercel-gentle, although her natural com- 
 mion, dares not fit by her or come near her relidence 
 It in cawking-time, and that is in the Spring-, and 
 ,cn for procreation fake , (he will admit him to come 
 :ar her with fubmilfion, which he manifefts by bovv- 
 g his head at his approach , and by calling and cow- 
 ng with his Wings, as the young ones do, in teftimo- 
 i how fearful he is of incurring her difpleafure. 
 VVhiia ftie is very young ( and fowill a Fjjpnger- 
 
12 £)f 5)aMj5 aitd ^auikittff* 
 
 Soar-fattkon) (he will prey upon Birds which are 
 big to encounter withal i and this (he doth for w ,j 
 ofunderltanding: and (he continues this rafhnefs a 
 folly, till experience aqd^a found heating have reclai 
 edher. ' " ';' ' V' '-^^;^*^v m. 
 
 The Haggard faulcoH will prey oh ainy other F( 
 (he can meet with advantageoufly, efpecially tame F 
 geons, or fuch as belong to a Dove-houfe \ for th 
 they frequently meet withal. 
 
 This Hawk is an iftcefTant Pains-taker \ no weat 
 difcourageth her from her Game, but that oncly wHe 
 in no Fowl can well fiir abroad to feek for fullenani 
 otherwife (he is continually working, either in the 
 or elfewhere, unlcfs (he (loop and mifs of her F1 
 and then (he will reli a little, to take breath and ren 
 her courage. Nay, if Ihe hath laboured \x\ boiftcr" 
 and tempeltuous weather three or four days togetl 
 (he will be fo far from being the worfe for it, that 
 will appear much better, and more lively. And thd 
 for it is a vulgar errour, for men not to fty their Hav 
 but after three or four days reli, fome a week or k\ 
 night. For old Staunch-hawks^I >udge a little refl: ^| 
 do no harm i but for the young, till (he is blouded g 
 her but little •, and if you can fly her every day, you \ 
 find it fo much the better. 
 
 When the Faulcon unreclaimed hath feizcd 1 
 Prey and broke her Neck , (in artilicial terms , 1 
 InkJ) (he then falls on the Crop , and feeds tir[t 
 what is there contained , afterwards on other par 
 and having hlled her Gorge, (he will fly to fome foli 
 ry place which is near water, or what likcth her b- 
 and there (he will tit all day : upon the approach 
 night fbe takes Wing, and flics to fome convenii 
 |4ace(be hath afore purpofed, to pearch therein till i 
 fnjoniiing. 
 
 Thus much of her as (he is wild and unrecUiitii 
 
n the next place it will be requifite to inform you with 
 he manner of reclaiming of a Haggard- faulcon^ and her 
 nrryto the Lure. 
 
 Having taken or purchafed one of them , fet her 
 lown, and let her reft quietly the firft night in a Rufter- 
 'lood. 
 
 ' The next day take her up eafily on your Fifi , and 
 :arry her up and down that whole day i ufing a Fea- 
 her to ftroke her withal inftead of your hand. When 
 on find her not impatient of being toucht , take her 
 Hood off fpeedily, and put it on again as fpeedily , ob- 
 ferving thus to do till (he is willing to feed : then fre- 
 Ijuently offer her food, but let her have but a little at z 
 'ime i never pulling her Hood off or on but you muit 
 ';ai« her love with a bit or two, ullng your voice unto 
 lier when you are taking off her Hood, and all the 
 Ivhile (he is feeding, and no longer-, that by that 
 neans, after (he is reclaimed, (he may know by your 
 7oice(he (hall befed. 
 
 Having thus done, teach her to come to your Fid 
 rom the Pearcb by doing thus : Let her (tand on a 
 'earch about breaft-high \ if lower , kneel, for this 
 ow po(iure will lefs affright than any other : after 
 :his,unftrike her Hood, and lurcher, uling ycur voice i 
 md have a fpecial care that you affright her not or 
 liftalic her, and fo caufe her to bate from you. But 
 ^ou muft , before you unlkike her Hood , encourage 
 ler with a bit or two , which will make her the more 
 :ager to come to you : For it is her Stomach that 
 ules her, and is the Bridle that keeps her in fubjec^ion, 
 )ricking her forward to perform her duty : wherefore 
 f you keep not her Appetite (harp and truly edged, 
 n(tead of SubmiiTion , you will hnd Difobedience, 
 rt'hen you find (he will willingly feed from and come 
 o your hand, you may then let her fit bare-fac'd, now 
 nd then diverting her (tarting about by giving her a 
 
 bit 
 
Il 
 
 14 ©n|)aM!8 anH ?)aiukinfi:. 
 
 bit or two, to direA her face towards you : after thi; 
 you may fet her* to the Lure. 
 
 When you find (he will come reldily to the t\xH 
 garnilht with meat in the Creance , fearing left ft < 
 (corn this way of Luring, fix a live Pidgeon to the Lure j 
 and lure her therewith. When (he hath killed thePicJ ^ 
 geon and eaten the Head, take her up gently with 
 bit of meat, and put on her Hood > then unftrike hf li 
 Hood and lure her to the Pelt , doing thus twice r ' 
 thrice, and no more : if you do it oftner, (he will be 
 come in time Very loth to part with the Pelt , and b 
 this means you will provoke her to carry. This is 
 great fault, and more incident to and worfe in Field 
 Hawks than fuch as are fitted for the River. 
 
 But be fure you lure her not far till her Stomach h 
 perfed s for otherwife (he may difcover fomething b 
 the way which (he hath a greater c(\eem for, and fo h 
 loft for that time i which will be very detrimental ( 
 her , although you (hould happen tO recover and K 
 claim her afterwards. 
 
 Here obterve, in the time of her making ( Whil 
 (he is on the ground cither pluming or feeding ) foi 
 get not to walk round her, ufing your voice, and givin, 
 her many bits with your hand » continuing fo to d 
 till you have won her to a more than ordinary familia 
 rity. 
 
 But above all, mark this> fpring heif fome livinj 
 Doves between the Man and the Lure, and let them b 
 given in a long Creance, that Ihe may kill them nea 
 you, in fuch manner that (he may trufs them over you 
 head ; by this means (he will not be afraid when yoi 
 come to her from afar off i the negled whereof vvil 
 make her timorous : thence will proceed her dragging 
 and carrying from you •, nay fomctimes (he will leav 
 her Prey, and totally forfake you. 
 
 There are fome Hawks will not be taken up with 
 
 ci: 
 
 I 
 
out ftriliing or rapping in the Creance, which rriuft be 
 infallibly the lofs of lugh a Hawk without fuch a de- 
 vice: this is a great fault in the Hawk, and argueth 
 great negligence in the Faulconer, in fuffering, and not 
 remedying that ill property in her firft making. 
 
 'Rul(S for ordering a Haggard-faulcon in ths 
 
 Luring : with the^ Caufes and Remedies 
 
 of Carry ingy and other ill qualities. 
 
 Having thus far acquainted your Hawk with the. 
 Lure, take her but ferae convenient Evening, and be 
 no farther from her than (he can fee and hear you j then 
 hold in your Lure , and futfer her to fly about you, 
 holding her as near you as you can with your V" •'"C and 
 Lure, teaching her to do her bufmefs, and wOiU it on 
 your head, and then call up a live Dove : Which fomc 
 difapprove of, becaufe (fay they) the lightnefs ot 
 the Dove inclines the Hawk to that ill quality of Carry- 
 ing s but I rather impute that fault to the ignorance, 
 or negligence and harlhnefs of the Faulconer , who hath 
 been either unskilful, rcmifs,or hath not uCed thatgen- 
 tlcncfs which is requifite in Reclaiming a Hawk in her 
 firlt Making : fo that inlkad of gaining her love by fair 
 Allurements, he hath converted it into Hatred, Abhor- 
 rency,and Difdainful Coynefs. 
 
 Another caufe of this Drag'ging or Carrying pro- 
 ceeds from the Keepers ill or (lender Kewarding bis. 
 Hawk in the Luring, in giving her the Pelt of a Pidgeon 
 or fom.e other dead thing , which gives her no delighto 
 It is the pl'eafure (he takes in the Pvevi^ard that engages 
 her coming to you : If then (he chance to Hnd her 
 cxped-atinn fru(}rated in her ufual fatisfadtion , llie. 
 will ever after (hun youj and though you (houkl 
 t^rovv her a live Pidgeon,(he may feize it^and keep dofc" 
 tb] to 
 
to it, or remove it as you approach., for fear that your 
 unkindnefs (hould deprive her of it. Wherefore you 
 mult have a fpecial care you difoblige her not in het 
 Luring. 
 
 There are feveral other errours which muft be re- 
 ctified in a Haggard-fauleon^ Faulcon-gentle^ or Slight" 
 faulcons^ Cwhich naturally are all of one kind , yet 
 differ much in cjuality and condition ) which I fhall 
 leave to the ftudy of the ingenious and induftrious 
 Faulconer or Keeper. I fay, the firft fault is, thiat 
 though you have lured your Hawk well , and given 
 her all the content and fatisfadion imaginable, yet will 
 (he not tarry with you, but take her flight and forfake \ 
 you. This argueth an averfion in her from you to 
 fomething elfe. This fault Mt.Turbervile^ and Mr- La- 
 t'ham fay they have known remedied : but becaufe I 
 loi.k upon the trouble therein to be fo great, and the 
 future fatisfadion fo fmall and uncertain , I fhall not 
 lay down what means are commonly made u(e of in 
 the cure of this ill quality. 
 
 But there is anotherfault, which at firft may ht ea- 
 fly prevented j and that is , an afpiring quality and 
 working humour , when although the Hawk never 
 (hewed any diflike to the Keeper or difcontent, yet 
 by obfervation (he hath been found conceited , and 
 would not endure the fociety of another Hawk > and 
 having been well blouded on Fowl, (he would not be 
 kept down near her Keeper. To remedy this, let no 
 fcope be given to the Haggard in the time of making > 
 let her not fly high, but be held down and near you : 
 and if you Ihould let this Hawk in to another Hawk, 
 and find her fall to her work without any regard or 
 notice taken of the otiicr Hawk, fufped her inftintly, 
 and let her fee Fowl in due time, Icit when flie comes . 
 to her due place, Ihc go her way i for. (he will prove 
 impatient : wherefore the lliorter work you make 
 
 with . 
 
£Df ipatolt0 anti 5)aiDkmff* if 
 
 with her, the greater delight you give her, and fo 
 confequently you engage her love continually towards 
 you. 
 
 Having taught your Hawk to ht bare-faced in the 
 Evening among company undifturbed , and that (lie 
 knows your Voice, and will come to the Lure , then 
 give her every night (tones, till you find her StomacH 
 good : after that, prefer her Cafihig^ and let her not 
 receive it unlefs fhe likes it well •, otherwifc (he is apt 
 to take a diflike, and will never afterwards receive ic 
 willingly. 
 
 Thefe Stones aforefaid prepare and make ready' 
 the way for carting, rtirring, and difTolving whatever 
 is offenfive v/ithin, and fitting it to be carried "down- 
 ward in her Mutes, or upward in her Catlings. The 
 time for giving thefc Stones is, when (lie hath put a- 
 way her Supper from above » then give her hali a do- 
 zen above the hand, if you have fo much skill •, if not, 
 otherwifeasyou are able. Do thus often, until fuchi 
 time as you (hall give her fuch things whereof (he (hali 
 take Plumage in her living or training. But of this, 
 ttiore hereafter. 
 
 H^ow to know the Nature and DifpofitioH of 
 
 fever at HAWKS, and what muji 
 
 he ohferved from thence. 
 
 THerc is a certain Hawk called a F/^«i^ U-i^^^ 
 which is a kinde , loving, and docible Hawk ■-> 
 for (he will diligently li(}cn and give car unto you and 
 your voice-, fhe will foon learn to come to hand, be- 
 ing veiy eager and hot to feize on what you (h^llei- 
 [b 2] thcj 
 
ther throw or give her , and will be very familiar : 
 / Laftly, having done your will on the ground , (he will 
 look up for your Fift , and will readily jump there-^ 
 on* 
 
 They are much fubjedl to little Grubs, which are in- 
 gendered in the Guts, and difcover themfelvcs in their 
 Mutes, crawling out from them , (hrinking themfelves 
 up , and fo inltantly dying. Thefe Worms do little 
 harm , and that Hawk which hath them is feldom 
 bad. The colour of thefe Worms is red in a Slight 
 Faulcon^znd red in a Barbary-Faulcon > and when dead, 
 in both white. 
 
 There is a fort o{ Srvarthy hlacli^plurnd Havp\^ that 
 is good- mettled, and a high flier, yet hard to be reclai- 
 med : for iTie will neither mind you nor your voice v 
 but when you lure her, will look any other way than 
 that fee ftiGuld. However , you mult (hew your felf 
 very loving towards her, though you (hall get no more 
 from her thaii what you extort by force. For her due 
 reclaiming, lelTen her pride by ordering her Diet with 
 raeafure, with refpedt had unto the Weather i which if 
 it be mild and temperate, you need not fear to hold her 
 liovvn until you have quarried her : and as you fhall fee 
 her amend her manners, alter her Diet, and add to her 
 Mrength according to reafonable expedition , which' 
 will be foon obtained if (lie be found, and the weather 
 moderate. But if ths weather be frorty, have a care of 
 abating flefh. 
 
 When at any time you fly any one of thefe black or 
 tawny Hawks, and (he (loops foul and falls in her 
 flight , you mull take her down with fome living 
 thing. 
 
 If (he be young, fuffer not her (or any other Hawk) 
 to {^y too long •, for nothing is more prejudicial ani 
 (Jirtalkful to a young Hawk at her firft making, than 
 to let her toil and m\ke many (tbopings before flie be 
 
 fervcd 
 
rerved : by this diflike (he is induced to fly wide and 
 carelefly, and frequently to go away through difplea- 
 fure. 
 
 Now to the intent I may go on methodically , and 
 with as little confufion as may be, 1 (Jiall in the next 
 place here nominate what Hatvk^ I intend to treat of i 
 md in the fame order as I name them, in like manner | 
 ivill difcourfe of them. Take them thus : 
 
 Faulcoa^ "\ rTiercel-gctitle^ 
 
 Gerfatilcofi, I ^ j Jerki^i^ 
 
 Mylion, \ -^ j tkrcdy j 
 
 Merlin^ \ S ! Jack,^ 
 
 IJ^LL.. < »- -^ v^hi.: 
 
 Hobby, 
 
 Gofharvkc ! H 
 
 Sparrow'harpkc \ 
 
 Robbhiy 
 Tiercel^ 
 
 Lamery J \^La(m?rctc 
 
 Here note, that the Female of all Birds of Prey are 
 much iarger, and of greater bulk than the Male, and 
 ire more ferviceable, being more watchful, hardy, and 
 bold : but of fuch Birds as do not Prey, the Cocks are 
 the larger. 
 
 The Faulcon, Gerfaulcon^ Mylion^ Merlin, and Hobby 
 3o (loop and fcize their Prey with their Foot, breaking 
 with their beak the Neck-bone of the Fowl, without 
 Dluming or tiring thereupon till the Fowl hath left 
 3uskingand bating on the foot. 
 
 The Gofhawk^ with her Male the 7'iercel, and the 
 Sparrcw'hawk^, kiW their Game by ftrength and force of 
 iVing at random, and do inftantly plume and tire upon 
 their Prey, 
 
 3] <¥. 
 
to f)f ipmh^ antJ 5)atBltinir. 
 
 T 
 
 Of the Faulcon. 
 
 Here are feven kinds of Faulcons^ vii. 
 
 Faulcon-gentle^ "^ C Gerfjulcon, 
 
 HaggardfdulconJ ) ^<»kc^-, 
 
 Barbary or Tarta- r ^ Lanner^ and 
 
 ret-fanlcon, j {jTnnkian, 
 
 The ¥ aulcon-gemle is fo called foy her familiar cour- 
 teous difpofition-, (he is withal valiant, ftrong, and 
 better able to endure any fort of weather than any o- 
 ther Hawk. 
 
 She hath a natural inclination and love to fly the 
 Hern every way, either from her Wings to the down- 
 come , or from the Fift and afore-head. She is mofi' 
 excellent at the Brook or River,efpecially at large Fowl. 
 as the Shoveler, Wild-goofe, &c. If llie be an Eyefs. 
 you may venture her at the Crane ••, otherwife Ih^' 
 will not be fo hardy and bold. Where note , Havvks 
 prove valiant or cowards according as they are firft 
 iquarried : and if you take them out of the Eyrie be- 
 iForc they are fully fummed and hard penned, you mufti 
 never expc<ft their Wings fliould grow to perfedtioni* 
 but their Legs will be apt to wear crooked, and theiri 
 Train, their long Feathers and their Flags alfo wiijl 
 be full of Taints. 
 
 in the choice of your Faulcon , obfcrve that (lie 
 have wide Narcs> high and large Eye-lids j a great 
 black Eye \ a round Head, fornewhat full on the top i 
 a (hort, thick, az'uc Beak \ and indifferent high Neck i 
 baib Feathers iinder the clap oi the Beak •» a good 
 
 large, 
 
large, round, fleOiy Bread : let her be ftrong, hard, 
 and Oiff bonded , broad-fhouldercd ^ having llender 
 Sail?, full Sides, long and great Thighs \ ftrong and 
 (hort Arms i large Feet , with the Sear of the Foot 
 foft and blewifhi black Pounces » long Wings, and 
 croffing the Train, which Train muft be (hort and ve- 
 ry pliable. 
 
 Hereobferve, thatFaulcons of one kind differ much, 
 and are diverfly named, according to the time of their 
 firft Reclaiming, places of Haunt, and Countries from 
 whence they come '-, as Mervd-Havphr , Kammage" 
 Hawkj-> Soar-I-lan>ks-, Eyejfes : and thefe again are di- 
 vided into large Hawks, mean Hawks, and flender 
 Hawks. All thefe have different Males and Plumes, 
 according to the nature of the Countries from whence 
 they come » as fome are black, fom.e blank, or ruffet : 
 and they differ in difpofition i fome are bert for the 
 Field, others for the River. 
 
 Names are beftowed on a Faukon according to her 
 Age or Taking. 
 
 The fir(t is an Eye//, which Name lafts as long as flis 
 is in the Eyrie. Thefe are very troublcfome in their 
 feeding, do cry very much, and are difficultly entred » 
 but being well entred and quarried, prove excellent 
 Hawks for the Hcra^ River, or any fort oi Fowl , and 
 are hardy and full of mettle. 
 
 The fecond is a Kammage-faulcon , and referves the 
 name after ihe hath left the Eyrie, being fo called May^ 
 Jime^ July^ and Augttji, Thefe are hard to be manned, 
 but being well reclaimed, they are not inferiour to any 
 Hawk. 
 
 The third is a Soar-havp)^ (b called September^ O&o- 
 bcr and November. The firll Plumes they have when 
 they forfake the Eyrie , they keep a whole year before 
 they mew them, which are called Soar-feathers. 
 
 The fourth is termed Mmzarolt , ( the lateft tqrm 
 [b 4] is 
 
is Carvrfl, as much a=; to fay, C^rr)» o« the Fiji : ) they 
 are fo called January^ February^ March^ April ^ and till 
 the middle ot Mjy, during which time they mull be 
 kept on the Fift. They are for the moft part very great 
 Baters, and therefore littlceaters : They are bad Hawks, 
 fiCquently troubled with Filanders and worms, and are 
 rarely brought to be good for any thing. 
 
 The fifth arc called Emcr-mevpj^ from the middle 
 of May^ to the' latter end of Vecember. They are fo 
 called becaufe they caft their Coats. They were ex- 
 cellent Hawks, "could they be trufted •, therefore they 
 ir.urt be kept hard under, and muft make your Fift theit 
 Pearch. Having difcours'd of' the Names and Nature 
 of the Faulcon, I next come to his Manning, Luring, 
 Flights, and Mewing in every condition : which courfe" 
 1 (liall orderly take in my enfuing difcourfe of the other 
 Hawks I have onely named heretofore. And becaufe 
 what Difeafes or Cafualfiesare incident to one are like- 
 wife to all, I (hall put their Cures at the latter end all to- 
 gether. 
 
 Cf the Manning, Luring, Flights and Mew- 
 ing cf a Fauicon, with other things pro- 
 perly he longing to an Oflrager. 
 
 Having taken a Faulcon, you mu(^ Seel her, in (uch 
 manner, rhar as the Seeling flackens, the Faulcon may^ 
 be able to fee what provifion is ftraight before her; 
 which fhe will better fee fo than any other wayt and 
 be fure you Seel her not too hard . 
 
 A Hawk newly taken ought to have all new Furni- 
 ture, as new JcfTcs of good Leather , mailed Leafes 
 with Buttons at the end, and newBewets. You muft 
 have a fmall round iHck likewife hanging in a ftring, 
 with which yoa muft ficqu':ntly (Iroak your Kawk : 
 ■ • •• the 
 
he oftncr you do it, the fooner and better you will 
 man her. She muft have two good Bells, that (he 
 may the better be found and heard when (he either ftir- 
 eth or fcratteth : Her Hood muft be well fafliioned, 
 raifed and bofled againft her Eyes, deep, and yet ftraight 
 enough beneath, that it may the better faften about her 
 Head without hurting her ; and you muft cope a little 
 her Beak and Talons, but not fo near as to make them 
 bleed. 
 
 Take notice, if you take a Soar-faulcon which hath 
 already paft the Seas, although ftie be very hard to be 
 reclaim'd, yet ftie is the beft of Faulcons. 
 
 Her food muft be good and warm twice or thrice a 
 day, until (he be full gorg'd j which food muft be ei- 
 ther Pigeons, Larks, or other live Birds : and the rea- 
 fon is, becaufe you muft break her by degrees off from 
 her accuftomed feeding. 
 
 When you feed her, you muft whoop and lure as you 
 do when you call a Hawk, that (he may know when 
 you will gisre her meat. 
 
 You muft unhood her gently, giving her two or three 
 bits ■■) and putting on her Hood again, you muft give 
 her as much more, and be fure that (he be dofe Seeled : 
 and after three or four days leffen her diet : and when 
 you go to bed, fet her on fome Pearch by you, that 
 you may awaken her often in the night. Thus you 
 muft do till you obferve her grow tame and gentle : 
 iiid when you find (he begins to feed eagerly, then 
 ^ive her a Sheep's-heart. And now you may begin to 
 anhobd her by day-time, but it muft be far from com- 
 pany j firft giving her a bit or two, then hood her a- 
 ^ain gently, and give her as much more. Be fure not 
 afright her v/ith any thing when you unhood her^ 
 \nd when you perceive her to b; acquainted with com- 
 pany, and that (he is (harp fet, unhood her, and give 
 ifr fome meat, holding her ju't again(\ )Qur Face and, 
 ! ■ '^ Eyes, 
 
24 f)f ipaMiS aiiti rpaMirtn:. 
 
 Eyes , which will make her lefs afraid of the counte- 
 nances of others. If you can, reclaim her without 
 over-watching. 
 
 You muft bear her continually on the Fift till (he be 
 throughly Manned , cauling her to feed in company, 
 giving her in the Morning about Sun-rifing the Wing 
 of a Pullet , and in the Evening the Foot of a Coney 
 or Hare cut off above the joynt, flay'd and laid in Wa- 
 ter > which having fqucez'd, give it her with the Pini- 
 on of a Hen's Wing. 
 
 For two or three days give her wafht meat, and then 
 Plumage, according as you think her foul within. li 
 (he Cali, hood her again , and give her nothing till rtic 
 Gleam after her Calling : having gleamed and calkd, 
 then give her a beaching of hot meat in company •, and 
 towards the Evening let her plume a Hen's VVing in 
 company alfo. 
 
 If the Feathers of her Calling be foul or (limy, and 
 of a yellowilh complexion, then be fure to cleanfe her 
 well with wafht meat and Catting : if clean within, 
 give her gentle Cartings, as the Pinions of an old Hens 
 Wing, or the Neck-bone chopped four or five times 
 between the joynts , waftit and fteeped in fair Wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Having well reclaimed her, throughly manned her, 
 and made her eager and (harp fet, then you may ven- 
 ture to feed her on the Lure. 
 
 But before you (hew her the Lure , you muft confi- 
 der thefe three things : i . That (he be bold in and 
 familiar with company, and no ways afraid of Dogs 
 and Horfes. 2. That (he be (harp fet and hungry, 
 regarding the hour of the Morning and Evening vvhwi 
 you will Lure her, 3. And lallly , (he muft be clean 
 within, and the Lure muft be well garnifhed with meat 
 on both fides, and you muft abfcond your felf when you 
 intend to give her the length of the Leafc. 
 
 You 
 
(Df ?)afeH0 anti ^nMiniy* 25 
 
 You muft firrt unhood her, giving her a bit or two 
 
 on the Lure as (he fitteth on your Fill : aftevwards take 
 
 the Lure from her, and fo hide it that (he fee it notj 
 
 and when (be is unfeized-calt the Lure fo near her that 
 
 (he may catch it within the length of her Leafe. When 
 
 (he hath feiz'd it, ufe your voice according to the cu- 
 
 jftome of Faulconers, and feed her upon the Lure on 
 
 I the ground with the Heart and warm Thigh of a Pul- 
 
 ' let. Having fo lured her, in the Evening give her 
 
 I bat a little meat i and let this luring be fo timely, 
 
 that you may give het Plumage and a Jucl^ of 3^ 
 
 joynt. 
 
 In the Morning betimes taHe her on your Fift , and 
 when (lie hath caft and gleamed, give her a little beach- 
 ing of warm meat. Towards Noon take a Creance 
 and tie it to her LeaCe, and go into Tome pleafant Field 
 or Meadow, and give her a bit or two on the Lure j 
 then unfeixe her : and if you find (he is (harp fet , and 
 hath feized on the Lure eagerly, then give her fome one 
 to hold, to let her oft to the Lure *, then unwind the 
 Creance, and draw it after you a good way, and let 
 him which holds the Hawk hold his right hand on the 
 Taffel of the Hawks Hood in readinefs , fo that he may 
 unhood her alToon as you begin to lure : and if (lie come 
 well to the Lure, and Hoop upon it roundly, and feize 
 it eagerly, then let her eat two or three bits thereon i 
 ithen unfeize her and take her off the Lure, hood her, 
 and deliver her to him again that held her, and going 
 farther oif lure her, feeding her as before with the accu- 
 fi:omed voice. Thus lure her every day farther and far- 
 ther off, till (he is accufiomed to come freely and eager- 
 ly to the Lure. 
 
 After this, lure her In company, but have a care that 
 nothing affright her: and when you have ufed h:r to 
 the Lure on foot, then lure her on Horfe-bick ', 
 which you may effed: the fooner , by caulm£ H ''■f<^- 
 
 nien 
 
men to be about you when you lure her on foot i alfo 
 you may do it the fooner by rewarding her upon the 
 Lure on Horfe-back among Horfemen. When this 
 way (he grows familiar, let fome body afoot hold the 
 Hawk, and he that is on Horfe-back muft call and caft 
 the Lure about his Head \ then muft the holder take oft 
 the Hood by the Taflel : and if (he feize eagerly on the 
 Lure without fear of Man or Horfe, then take off the: 
 Creance, and lure her at a greater diftance. And if youi 
 would have her love Dogs as well as the Lure, call Dogs . 
 when you give her Tiring or Plumage, 
 
 Of Bathing a Faulcon lately reclaimed \ 
 
 how to fnake her Flying , and to 
 
 hate the Check. 
 
 Having wcan'd your Faulcon from her Rammage- 
 fooleries , being both ways lured, rewarded, andl 
 throughly reclaimed, offer her fome Water to bathe 
 her felf in, in a Bafon wherein fhe may ftand up to 
 the Thighs , chufing a temperate clear day for thac 
 purpofe. Then having lured your Hawk, and rewar- 
 ded her with warm meat, in the morning carry her 
 to fome Bank, and there hold her in the Sun till (be 
 hath endewed her Gorge, taking off her Hood that 
 (he may prune and pick her felf : that being done, 
 hood her again, and fet her near the Bafon, and taking 
 off her Hood, let her bathe again as long as (he plea- 
 feth : After this, take her up, and let her pick her felf 
 as before, and then feed her. If flie refufe the Bafon to 
 bathe in, (hew her fome fraall River or Brook for that 
 purpofe. 
 
 By this ufe of bathing (he gains ftrength and a (harp^ 
 appetite, and thereby grows bold : but that day where- 
 in (he batheth give her no wafhtmeat. 
 
 If 
 
If you would make your Faulcon upwards, the nexc 
 
 ay aftfer (he hath bath'd get on Horfeback , either in 
 the Morning or Evening , and chufe out fome iicld 
 wherein arc no Rooks or Pidgeohs ^ then take yout 
 Lure well garnifhed on both fides , and having utt- 
 looded your Hawk^^ give her a bit at two on the Lure, 
 then hood her : afterwards go leifurely agsinft the 
 Wind , then unhood her : and before flie bate , or 
 "indany Check in her Eye, whiftle her off from your 
 7i[{ fairly and foftly. As (he flieth about you, trot on' 
 ►vith your Horfe, and caft out your Lure, not fuffering 
 ler to fly long about you at firft : continue thus doing 
 VIorning and Evening for feven or eight days. But 
 fyou find your Hawk unwilling to fly about youot 
 lloop to the Lure, then rnuft you let her fly with fome 
 iHarfl^thzt loves the company of others, and will not 
 rove at any change or check j and that mu(t firft" be 
 iJone at the Partridge, for they will not fly far before 
 :he Han>k- If (he hath flown twice or thrice, ca(t 
 JUt the Lure, ahd reward her on Horfeback. If the 
 Fowl you flew her at be killed by another Hawl{^^ let 
 ler feed with him a little, and then farther reward her 
 Dn the Lure. 
 
 If you would have your Faulcon prove upwards' 
 md a high-flying HarvJ^^ you muft let her fly with fuch 
 IS are fo qualified. If Ihc love the company of others, 
 ind is taught to hold in the Head, then if the Fowl be 
 in Pool, Pit, or Pia(h, caft off your high-flying Hawk^^ 
 md let him that hath your new-lur'd Hawk^ get under 
 :h€ Wind, and when he feeth his advantage, let him 
 jnhood her > and if (he bate, then it is to get up to the 
 DtherH^jtrJ^ 
 
 Let him then caft her off , and before ftie get up to 
 :hc other rtcar his full pitch, lay out the Fowl : if ftie 
 sill her Garne, reward her with the Heart, and let her 
 baiticipate of the Breaft with the other Harvkf* 
 
 -To 
 
28 ©f i)mk^ aitti 5)atuitmo:. 
 
 ■ To take your Faulcon from going out to any Check, 
 thus you mufi: do : If (he hath kill'd a Check, and hath 
 fed thereon before you could con[ie in, rebuke her not 
 feverely at firft, but take her down to the Lure, give her 
 a bit or two, hood her, and fly her not in three or four 
 dayss and if you do, let it be where no Checks arc : 
 but if you come in before (he hath tafted the Check (he 
 hath killed, then take the Gall of an Hen , and anoint 
 the Breath of that Check (he hath killed, (any other bit- 
 ter thing will do) and this will make her hate to go at 
 Check again. 
 
 flow to enfeam a Faulcon ivith her Cajihgs 
 and Scowrings. 
 
 When you feed your Faulcon, call and lure as if you 
 called her to the Lure, [and every day profer her Watery 
 and every night give her Caftings accordingly as (he 
 cndcweth. Take off her Hood frequently in company v 
 and that you may hinder her from bating, hold always 
 the Hood ready by the TafTt^l in your hand. 
 
 In the Evening by candle-light take off her Hoodl 
 among company, until (he Pvouie and Mewt *, then fct 
 her on the Pearch, and not before, fetting a light before 
 her. 
 
 Every Faulcon ought to have a Mj%« Harvhjio teach 
 her to hold in the Head: if that will not do, cut off 
 fome part of her two Principals in each Wing, the 
 long Feather and that next to it, which will force her 
 to hold in. 
 
 Be fure to reward your H4n'jl;_well at the beginning, 
 and let her feed well on the Quarry i which will fo en- 
 courage her, that (he will have no fancy to go out to 
 the Check. When (he is well in bloud and well quar- 
 ried, then let her fly with other Haxfk^t, 
 
Of rpaMj5 aim 5)aMmff, 2^ 
 
 If you would make your Faulcon to the Crane , her 
 Lure liiould be a counterfeit Crane. If you would 
 make her to the Hare, her Lure fliould be then a Hares 
 Skin ftuft with fome light matter : When fhe is well 
 lured, and you would enter her, tie the Hares Skin fo 
 Oufttothe end of a Creance,and fallen it to your Sad- 
 dle-pummel, by which means when you gallop it will 
 refemble a running Hare : then unhood your Han>k,^ 
 and cry, B^ck^ with the Dogs , back^ n>ith the Dogs, 
 When you find (he hath Ceizcd it , let go your 
 Creance,and fuffer her to fatten thereon •, then inftant- 
 ly reward her upon it, and encourage her as much as is 
 poffiblc. 
 
 When (he is well entred after this manner , take a 
 living Hare and break one of her hinder Legs , and 
 having before well acquainted your Faulcon with your 
 Dogs by continual feeding among them, I fay then put 
 your Hare out in fome fair place with your Dogs, and 
 the Faulcon will ftoopand ruff her until the Dogs may 
 take her i then take the Hare from the Dogs , and 
 cart her out to the Faulcon , crying , Back,, back^ 
 there. 
 
 If you would make your Hawk flying to the Par- 
 tridge or Phea(ant after (he is reclaimed and made, 
 then- every time you lure her, caft yourLuie into fome 
 low Tree or Bufli, that (he may learn to take the Tree 
 or Stand : if ftie take the Stand before (he fees the 
 Lure, let her ftand a while \ and afterwards draw the 
 Lure out before her, and cry with what words you 
 have acquainted her to underftand you by» and then re- 
 ward her well. After this manner the will learn to take 
 Stand. 
 
 Feed her always on the ground, or in fome thick 
 place s for in fuch places (he mull encounter with the 
 Pheafant at Pearch. 
 
 At firft fly with her at young Pheafant or Partridge, 
 
 to 
 
5b SDf ipaMjS aitH ^aftjfeinff. 
 
 to encourage her by advantage , dnd afterwards at the 
 old. 
 
 If a Faulcon will riot take Stand, but keep on the 
 Wing, then muft you fly her in plain places where you 
 ttiay always fee her upon you. 
 
 Draw yoUr Faulcon out of the Mew t\^enty days 
 before yOu Enlearh her: If (he trufs and carry , the 
 remedy is to cope her Talons, her Powlfe and Pctty- 
 (ingle. 
 
 Never reward your Harvk upon River-fowl but 
 upon the Lure, that (he may the better love and cftcem 
 thereof. 
 
 The Crane ought to be flown at before Sun-rifing v' 
 for (he is a flothful Bird, and you may ca(^ off to her a 
 Ca(\ or Leafe of Faulcons, or a Gofhawk from the Fifl, 
 without Dogs. You mu(\ fly but once a day at the 
 Crane, after which you rauft reward your Hawk very 
 well, ever fuccouring her with a Grey-hound, which is' 
 the beft of Dogs for that purpofe. 
 
 Give your Faulcon a Beaching very early in the 
 morning, and it will make her very eager to fly when' 
 it is time for it. 
 
 If you would have her a high-flying H^wfe, you muft 
 not feed her highly, but flie fhould be fed nine days to-., 
 gtther before Sun-rifing, and at night late in the cool of 
 the Evening. 
 
 The Faulcon will kill the Hern naturally if (he be a 
 Peregrin or Traveller : yet you will do well to give her 
 Trains. 
 
 A Faulcon may fly ten times in a day at a River, 
 if the feafon be not extreami but more is inconve- 
 nient. 
 
 A H^'j^i^ ought to have forty Caflings before (he be 
 perfcdly made. And indeed all HajvJ^r ought to have. 
 Ca/iings every night, if you would have them clean 
 and found : for Haivkj which have not this continual 
 
 rto^ur- 
 
hoi^urnajl Carting will be furcharged with abundance 
 of fuperfluous Humours, which afcending to the Brainy 
 bred fo great a dirturbance that they cannot fly fo high 
 as otherways they would. And it is good to give 
 them Tiring or Plunnage at night , efpecially field- 
 Hanokf, but not Kivct-Harfh j ^or fear of weakning 
 their Backs. 
 
 When your HjmJ^hath flown or {)ated, feed her noC 
 fo long as (he panteth, (but let, her be firft in breath a- 
 gain *, ) otherways you may bring her into a Difeafe 
 called the PantJt^ 
 
 If a Fauicon or other Hatvk will not Seize not 
 Gorge, take the Quill of a Wild-goofe, and tie it un- 
 der her long Single i then will (he Seize and Gripe. 
 When (he beginneth to feize, take away the faid Quiillj 
 and (he will feize long afterwards. 
 
 If you cannot give Covert to your Fauicon or Go^* 
 hawk, then ca(t her off with the Sun in her back* 
 
 When you draw your H<in7j^ out of the Mew, if (he 
 te greazie , ( which you (hall know by her round fat 
 Thighs aind her full Body, the flelh being round, and 
 ashigh ash?r Breart-bone)and if (he be well mew'd, 
 and have all her Feathers fummed, then give her ac 
 feeding-time in the morning two or three bits of hot 
 meat s and at night give her lefs , unlefs it be very 
 cold i and if (he feed well and without compulfion, 
 give her wa(ht meat. Thus prepared, take the Wings of 
 a Hen for her Dinner and waih them in two Waters^ 
 In the mof ning give her the Legs of a Hen very hot, 
 at Noon meat temperately warm, a good Gorge y theri 
 let her fall till it be late in the Evening, If (he have 
 put ovet her meat , and there is nothing left in het 
 Gorge, then give her Warm meat, as in the morning. 
 Thus diet her till it be convenient to give her Plu- 
 mage , the which yo\i may know by thefe tokens : 
 Firlt, the f'lelh of the end of the Pinion of the H^wi^s 
 I [c] Wing 
 
3 2 Of ^aM0 ant! ^aMinn:. 
 
 Wing will fecm fofter and tenderer than it did before 
 (he did eat waflit meat. Secondly, if her Mewts be 
 white, and the black thereof be very black, and not 
 ^ mingled with any other colour. Laftly , if (he be 
 (harp fet, and ^doth plume eagerly, you may give her 
 Ca(ting either of a Hare's or Coney^s Foot, or the 
 fmall Feathers on the joynt of the Wing of an old 
 Hen. 
 
 Having fet her on the Pearch, fweep clean under- 
 neath, that you may fee whether the Mewt be full of 
 ftreaks, or skins, or ilimy : if it be, then continue this 
 fort of Catiing three or four nights together i but if 
 you find the Feathers dige(^ed and foft , and that her 
 Caiiing is great, then take the neck of an old Hen, and 
 cut it between the joynts, then lay it in cold water, 
 and give it your Faulcon three nights together , in the 
 day-time give her wafht meat, after this Cafling or 
 Plumage, as you (hall fee requifite : and this will bear 
 all down into the Pannel. 
 
 When you have drawn her out of the Mew, and her 
 principal Feathers are fummed,give her no walht meats, 
 bdt quick Birds with good Gorges, and fet her out in 
 open places. 
 
 General hflru^iofis for an Oflrager 
 or Faulconer, 
 
 LEt his Jejfes and Ben^ttj be of good Leather, ha- 
 ving Bells big and (hrill according to the propor- 
 tion of the Hjwi<, with a Hood that is bofTcd at the 
 Eye*;, and fizablc for the Head. 
 
 He muft ufe his Haw^in fuch manner, that he may 
 make her grow familiar with him alone or in company, 
 
 and 
 
£)f ?)auj|i0 anti rpaMu'nn* 33 
 
 and to that end he muft often unhood and hood IVer a- 
 gain. 
 
 in nine nights the Faulconer ought not to let his 
 Hawk^Jouk at all, nor fuffcr her to pearch, bat keep her 
 during that time continually on his Fili 
 
 When the Faulconer would call his Hau>\. let him 
 fet her on the Pearch, unhood her, and (hew her fome 
 meat within his Fift, call her fo long till (he come to it^ 
 then feed her therewith : if (he come not, let her ftand 
 without food till (he be very (harp fet. Obferve this 
 order for about nine days. 
 
 When you would lure her give her fome man to 
 hold, and call her with a Lure well garnilht with 
 meat on both fides, and give her a bit : ufe her to this 
 fix orfeven days \ then caufe her to be held farther: 
 from you , and call: the Lure about your Head , and 
 throw it on the ground a little way from you : if llie 
 come to it roundly, reward her bountifully. Having 
 ufed her to this fome cei-tain days, take your Lure gar- 
 nifhed as aforefaid, and every day call her to you as far 
 as it is poiTible for her to fee or hear you, and let her be 
 loofe from all her Furniture, without Loins or Creance« 
 If (lie come freely, reward her, and Hop her now and 
 then in her feeding \ for that will make her come the 
 better. You may do well to flop the Lure upon her 
 fometimes, and let her fly upon you. Here note, it is 
 requifitc to bathe her before you take this courfe, left 
 when Qie is at liberty (lie rangle to fee Water, and in 
 the mean time you lofe your H.aYo\\ wherefore bathe 
 her every feven or eight days, tor her nature requireth 
 it. 
 
 When you have thus manned, reclaimed, and lured, 
 your Hawi^^ go out with her into the fields, and whi- 
 file her off your Fill, (land lUli to fee what (lie will 
 do, and whether (he will rake out or not: but if (he 
 ^y round about you, as a good Han\ ought to do, let 
 [q 2] hei 
 
3 4 Of ?)atDfe0 aitti S)aiufemo:* 
 
 her By a turn or two, and fling her out the Lure , and 
 let her foot a Chicken or Pullet, and having killed it, 
 let her feed thereon. 
 
 Unhood her often as you bear her i continue fo doing 
 till (he hath endewed and mewted fufficiently. 
 
 Your H^wj^being thus made and manned,go abroad 
 with her every morning when it is fair , and let the 
 place where you intend to fly her be plaftly, or fome 
 narrow Brook \ and when you caft her off, go into the 
 Wind fo far, that the Fowl may not discover you. 
 When (he is caft off, and beginneth to recover her Gate, 
 make then to the Brook or Pla(h where the Fowl lie, 
 always making your Harvk^ to lean in upon you : and 
 when you fee her at a reafonable pitch, (her Head being 
 in 3 lay out the Fowl, and land it if you can •, and if 
 you cannot, take down your Hawk^ , and let her kill 
 fome Train ■» to which end you muft always carry fome 
 live P'owl with you,asa Duck.d^c. And having flipt one 
 of her Wing feathers, thrutt it through her Nares, and 
 caft her up as high as you can underneath your Hawk^ 
 that (he may the better know your hand. 
 
 If you would have your H^wv^fly at one particular 
 Fowl more than at another, you muft then feed her 
 well upon a Train of the fame kind, as thus: Take a 
 Creancc, and tie that Fowl you would accuftom her to 
 fly to by the Beak, with meat on her Back, and caufe 
 one to ftand clofe that (hall hold the Creance \ then 
 ftanding afar off, unhood your Harvk^ and let the Fowl 
 be ftirred and drawn with the Creance until your Hjrpj^ 
 perceive it Itir ■, and if (he foot it, make another Train 
 thus: Take a living Fowl that can fly, half feel it and 
 caft it out i then let your Harvk^ fly to it j and if (he 
 kill it, reward her vrell upon it- , 
 
 Of 
 
Of the Rammage-faulcon. 
 
 If a Faulconer chance to recover a KammagC'hin\ 
 ihat was never handled before, let him immediately 
 ftd her , and at that inftant put on her JefTes made of 
 Jfoft leather i at the end thereof fix twoVarvels,theone 
 may bear your Coat of Arms , the other your Name, 
 that if (he chance to be loft, they that take her up may 
 know where to return her: put her on alfo a pair of 
 Bells with two proper Bewets. Having thus furnilhed 
 her, you muft begin her manning by gentle handling. 
 To avoid the danger of her Bcak,you muft havea fmooth 
 Stick about half a foot in length, with which you m ift 
 ftroak your H<awi^ about the Pinions of her Wings, and 
 fo downwards thwart her Train. If ftie offer to fnap 
 at the Stick, withdraw not your hand, and let her bite 
 thereon,|the hardnefs whereof will foon make her weary 
 of that fport. 
 
 If you would man her well, you ftiould watch all the 
 night, keeping her continually on your Fift. 
 
 You muft teach her to feed feel'd i and haying a 
 great and eafie Rufter-hood, you muft hood and un- 
 hood her often , feel'd as ftie is , handling her gently 
 about the head, coying her always v/hen you unhood 
 her, to the intent fhe may not be difpleafed with her 
 Keeper. 
 
 Let her plume and tire fometimes upon a Wing on 
 your Fift, keeping her fo day and night, without pcar- 
 ching, until (he be weary, and will fufter you to hood 
 her without ftirring. 
 
 If your Hawl^hQ fo rammage that fhe will not leave 
 her fnapping orbiting, then take a little Aloes fuccotri- 
 na^ and when Ihe offers to fnap, give it her to bite •, 
 the bitterncfs whereof will quickly make her leave 
 that ill quality. Garlick I have heard will do the 
 [c 3] like, 
 
3^ £)ri5)aM^aittJ!j)aMinfi:. 
 
 like , the ftrong fcent thereof being equally ofFen- 
 dve. 
 
 How to Hood a Harok. 
 
 Having feel'd your Han-J^ fit her with a large eafie 
 JHood, which you muft take off and put on very often, 
 watching her two nights , handling her frequently 
 and gently about the Head as aforefaid. When you 
 perceive (he hath no aveilion to the Hood , unfeel her 
 in an Evening by Candle-light *, continue handling her 
 foftly, often hooding and unhooding her , until fhe 
 takes no offence at the Hood, and will patiently endure 
 handling. 
 
 Take this Obfervatlon by the way , That it is the 
 duty of a Faulconer to be endowed with a great deal of 
 Patience •, and in the next place he ought to have a na- 
 tural love and inclination to Harvlsf » without thefe two 
 Qualifications, all the Profeflbrs of this Art will prove 
 M^r-Harvkr inliead of good Faulconers, 
 
 But to return where I left off: If your fcel'd Haivl^ 
 feeds \vell, abides the Hood and handling without ftri- 
 If ing or biting, then by Candle-light in an Evening 
 xsnfeel her, and with your Finger and Spittle anoint the 
 place where the Seeling-thread was drawn through i' 
 ithen hood her, and hold her on your Fift all night, of- 
 ten hooding, unhooding, and handling her, (troaking 
 her gently about the Wings and Body, giving her fome- 
 times a bit or two, alfo Tiring or Plumage. Being well 
 reclaimed, let her lit upon a Pearch ■■> but every night 
 keep her on the Fill three or four hours , ftroaking, 
 hooding, and unhooding, &c. as aforefaid ; and thus 
 you may do in the day-time, when (be hath learn'd to 
 feed eagerly without tear. 
 
flDf ip^M^ ant! ^aMm ty. 3 7 
 
 How to make a Hawk know your Voice , and 
 her own Feeding* 
 
 Having mannM your HarvkSo that (he feeds boldly, 
 acquaint her with your Voice, Whiftlc, and fuch words 
 as Faulconers ufe : you may do it by frequently repea- 
 ting them to her as (he is feeding on your Fi(i:,d'"c. But 
 I think the beft way of making her acquainted with 
 them, is by your experience and pradlice. 
 
 When (he feeds boldly, and knows your Voice and 
 Whi{tle,then teach her to know her Feeding,and to bate 
 at it in this manner : Shecv her fome meat with your 
 right hand,crying and luring to her aloud i if (he bate or 
 ftrike at it, then let her quickly and neatly foot it, and 
 feed on it for four or five bits. Do thus often, and (he 
 will know her Feeding the better. 
 
 After this, give her every night fome Cafiing either 
 of Feathers, or Cotton with Cloves or Aloes wrapt up 
 therein, &c, Thefe Gainings make a Harpk^ clean and 
 eager. 
 
 How to make your Hawk hold and venturous. 
 
 In the firfi: place, to make her hardy, you mufi: per- 
 mit her to Plume a Pullet or large Chicken in a place 
 where there is not much light : her Hood in a readi- 
 nefs, you mul^ have cither of the aforefaid alive in your 
 hand s then kneeling on the ground, luring and crying 
 aloud to her, make her plume and pull the Putlet a lit- 
 tle i then vvith your Teeth drawing the Strings, un- 
 hood her foftly, iuifering her to pluck it with her Beak 
 three or four times more i then throw out the Pullet 
 on the ground, and encourage her to feize it. When 
 you perceive (he breaks it and takes bloud, you muO; 
 
 [c 4] lure 
 
lure and cry aloud to her, encouraging her all the ways 
 innaginable : then hood her gently, and give her Tiring 
 of the Wing or Foot of the faid Pullet. 
 
 Hovo to wake a Hawk know the l^ure. 
 
 Your Havpk having three qr four tirpes thus killed a 
 Pullet or large Chicken in fome fecrct pla^e, then thus 
 teach her to know the Lure. 
 
 Having faftned a Pullet unto your Lure, go apart, 
 giving your H^jr^unto another, who muft draw loofe 
 the firings of her Hood in readinefs : Being gone a 
 little way, take half the length of the String , and caft 
 it about your Hea^, luring with your voice at the farac 
 titne \ then let your Jija?J^be unhooded as you are 
 throwing your Lure a little way froro her, not ceafing 
 luring all the while. If (]ie ftoop to the Lure and 
 feize, fufferher to plume the Pullet , O.ill coying and 
 Iqfing vyith your voices then let her feed on the Pul- 
 jet upon the Lure : After that, take her on your Fif? 
 together with her meat, then hood her, and let her tire 
 as aforefaid. And thus you may teach her to come by 
 degrees to a very great diftance. 
 
 IJqvo to make a Hawk flpng. 
 
 When your H^w^J^or Haggard-faulcon will come and 
 (loop to the Lure roundly without any fear or coynefs, 
 youmuft put her on a great pair of Luring-bells j the 
 like you muft do to a Soar-hawk^: by fo much greater 
 mufi the* Bells be, by how much your Harvk^is giddy- 
 headed, and apt to lake out at Check. 
 
 That being done, and fhe (harp fet, go in a fair mor- 
 ning into fome large Field on Horfeback, which Field 
 muii; be very little incumbred with Wood or Trees : 
 having your Uawk^on your Fift, ride up into the wind, 
 
 and 
 
f5f ^m%^ anti !!)ait)lttng. 39 
 
 and having loofned her Hood, whiftle foftly to provoke 
 licr to fly » and then you will obfervc (he will begin to 
 feate, or at leaft to flap with her Flags and Sails, aiid to 
 raife her felf on your Fift : then fuffer her until (he rouze 
 or Mewt : when the hath done either of them, unhood 
 her, and let her fly with her Head into the Wind > 
 for thereby (he will be the better able to get upon the 
 Wing i then vyill (he naturally ciimbe upwards, flying 
 in a circle. 
 
 When (he hath flown three or four Turns, then cry 
 and lure with your Voice, cafl;ing the Lure about your 
 head, unto which you mu(t fir(i tie a Pullet : and if 
 your Faulcon come in and approach near you, thencaft 
 eut the Lure into the Wind •■, and if (heftoop to it, re- 
 Ward her as before. 
 
 There is one great fault you will often find in the 
 making of a Hi^w^flying, and that is , when (he flieth 
 from the Fi(i (he will not get up, but take ftand on the 
 ground i a frequent fault in Soar-faulcons. You muft 
 then fright her up with your Wand, riding in to heri 
 gnd when you have forced her to take a Turn or two, 
 tlake her down to the Lure and feed her. But if this 
 do no good, then you muft have in readinefs a Duck 
 fccled, fo that (he may fee no way but backwards, and 
 that will make her mount the higher. This Duck you 
 muft hold by one ot the Wings near the body in your 
 right hand, then lure with your voice to make your 
 Faulcon turn the head : when (he is at a rcafonabfe 
 pitch, caft up your DucH juft under her, that (he may 
 perceive it : if (he ftrike, (loop,, or trufs the Duck, per- 
 mit her to kill it, and reward her, giving her a reafona- 
 ble Gorge. Ufe this cuftom tvyice or thrice, and your 
 Hawk^ will leave the Stand , delighting on the Wing, 
 and will become very obedient. 
 
 Here note, that fotthe firft or fccond time it is not 
 cpnvenient) (o fticw" your Hawi^^xcn or large Fowl, 
 
 the 
 
40 flDf ^aMg ann 5)aMittD:* 
 
 for it often happens that they flip from the Hawkinto 
 the wind s the H^n^jl^^not recovering them, raketh after 
 them, which puts the Faukoner to much trouble, and 
 frequently occafions thclofs of his Hawh^ 
 
 But if it fo chance that your H^B^i^fo rake out with 
 a Fowl that fhe cannot recover it , but gives it over 
 and comes in again diredly upon you , then caft out a 
 feeled Duck h and if (he (loop and trufs it , crofs the 
 Wings, and permit her to take herpleafure, rewarding 
 heralfo with the Heart , Brains, Tongue, and Liver, 
 For want of a quick Duck , take her down with the 
 dry Lure, and let her plume a Pullet, and feed her up- 
 on it. 
 
 By fo doing, your Han?h^ will learn to give over a 
 Fowl that rakes out, and hearing the Lure of the Faul- 
 coner, will make back again to the River, and know 
 the better to hold in the Head. 
 
 A Flight for a Haggard. 
 
 When you intend a Flight for a Haggard , for the 
 firft,fecond, and third time, make choice of fuch a 
 place where there are no Crows, Rooks , or the like, 
 to take away all occ^fion of her raking out after fuch 
 Check. 
 
 Let her not fly out too far on head at the firft, but run 
 after and cry, Why lo^ why lo^ to make her turn Head. 
 When (he is come in , take her down with the Lure, 
 unto which muft be faftned a live Pullet , and let her 
 Tire, Plume, and feed as aforefaid. 
 
 Sometimes a Haggard out of pride and a gadding 
 humour will rangle out from her Keeper : then clog 
 her with great Luring- bells, and make her a Train or 
 two with a Duck feeled, to teach her to hold in and 
 know her keeper : take her down often with the dry 
 Lure, and reward her bountifully, and let her be ever 
 
 well 
 
£)f rpatDk^ ann 5)atDitiuff^ 41 
 
 well in bloud, or you may whoop for your Haa>\to 
 no purpofe. 
 
 Horn to wake a Soar-faulcon or Haggard ki// 
 her Game at the very firji. 
 
 If (he be well lured, flieth a good Gate, and ftoopeth 
 well, then caft off a well-quaried Han>kc ^"d let her ftoop 
 a Fowl on Brook or Plafli, and watch her till ftie put 
 it to the plunge : then take down your Mak^-HawJ^^ 
 reward her, hood her, and fet her > fo you may ntiake 
 ufe of her if need require. 
 
 Thentakeyour H^jH'J^un'entred, and going up the 
 wind half a Bow-(hot , unloofe her Hood , and foftly 
 whiftle her off your Fift , until (he have rouzed or 
 mewtcd : then let her fly with her Head into the 
 wind, having firft given notice or warning to the 
 company to be in readinefs againft the Hawk^ be in a 
 good Gate, and to ftiew Water , and to lay out the 
 Fowl. 
 
 When (he is at a good pitch, and covering the Fowl, 
 then notifie that all the company make in at once to 
 the Brook upon the Fowl, to land her : if your Faulcon 
 ftrike, ftoop, or trufs her Game, run in to help her, and 
 crolling the Fowls Wing,let her take her pleafure there- 
 on. 
 
 If (he kill not the Fowl at firft (looping, give her 
 then refpite to recover her Gate. When (he hath got 
 it, and her Head in, then lay out the Fowl as aforefaid, 
 until you land it at lafi: •, nor forgetting to help her 
 as foon as (he hath feized it, giving alfo her due Re- 
 ward, N 
 
 Remedy 
 
42 g)f pais^u artn DmMns, 
 
 Remedy for a Hawk'j takhg Stand in a Tree, 
 
 In the firft place you rauft chufe fuch places where 
 are no Wood or Trees, or as little as may be. If you 
 cannot avoid it, then have two or three live Trains, 
 and give them to as many men, placing them conve- 
 niently for to ufe them. When therefore your Hatvl^ 
 hath riooped, and endeavours to go to ftand, let him 
 to whom the Hawk^ moft bends caft out his Train- 
 Duck feeled : if the Haw^^WxW her, reward her there- 
 with. \i this courfe will not remedy that fault in her 
 by twice or thrice fo doing, my advice is then to part 
 with the Buzzard, 
 
 How to help cf, Hawk frovoard and coy through 
 pride ofGreafe. 
 
 There is a fcurvy quality in feme Harvh/, proceeding 
 from pride ofGreafe, or being high kept, which is a 
 difdainful coynefs. Such a H^wj^ therefore muft not be 
 re\yajded although (he kill i yet give her leave to plume 
 a little i and then let the Faulconer take a Sheeps- 
 Heart cold, or the Leg of a Pullet, and whilft the Haw}^ 
 is bufie in pluming, let either of them be conveyed into 
 the Body of the Fowl, that it may favour thereof > and 
 when the HawJ^ hath eaten the Brains, Heart, and 
 Tongue of the Fowl, then take out your Inclofure, and 
 call your H^jpj^with it to your Fiii, and feed her there- 
 with : after this give her fome Feathers of the Neck of 
 the Fowl to fcowr and make her cart. 
 
 T# 
 
To-make ^ Hawk hold in her Head, and 
 not mind Check. 
 
 Take a piece of a Leafe , and faften it to your Lure- 
 firing, the other end to the Wing of a Pidgeon, which 
 you may put in and pull out of your Hawking-bag at 
 your conveniency : when you find your Hawk^ apt to 
 go out, (hew your Pidgeon. I would not have you ufe 
 it often i for it draws a Wrvk from her place if well 
 flown. 
 
 How to centime and keep a Hawk in h6r 
 high-flying. 
 
 If your Han>\ be a ftately high-flying Happ}^^ you 
 ought not to engage her in more flights than one in a 
 morning : for often flying brings her off from her 
 (lately pitch. If ihe be well made for the River, fly her 
 not above twice in a morning > yet feed her up though 
 (he kill nor. 
 
 When a high-flying H^imj^ being whittled to, gathers 
 upwards to a great gate, you muft continue her there- 
 in, never flying her but upon broad Waters and open 
 Rivers \ and when (he is at the higheft, take her down 
 with your Lure i where when (he hath plumed and 
 broken the Fowl a little, then feed her up, and by that 
 means you (hall maintain your Faulcon high-flying, in- 
 wards, and very fond of the Lure. 
 
 Some will have this high-flying Faulcon feldom to 
 kill, and not to floop : yet if (he kill every day, al- 
 though (he (loop from a high Gate , yet if flie be not 
 rebuked or hurt therewith, (he will, I can affure you, 
 become a higher flier every day than other i but (he 
 will grow kfs fond of ^c Lure. Wherefore your 
 
44 c>f ^atufe0 am ^Mkm. 
 
 high-flying Hi w/^j- fhould be made inwards, it being a 
 commendable quality in them to make in and turn head 
 at the fecond or third tofs of the Lure , and when (he 
 poureth down upon it as iffhe had killed. 
 
 And as the teaching of a Faulcon , or any other < 
 H^wi^ to come readily to and love the Lure, is an art 
 highly commendable, bccaufe it is the effedt of great 
 labour and induftry : fo it is the caufe of favingmany 
 a Hatvk^^ which otherways would be loft irrecovera- 
 bly. 
 
 Mark this by the way, that fome naturally high-fly- 
 ing Hatv}{f will be long before they be made upwards, 
 ftill fifliingand playing the flugs '•> and when they (hould 
 get up to cover the Fowl, they will rtoop before the 
 Fowl be put out : And this may proceed from two 
 caufes. In the firft place , flie may be too (harp fet , 
 and in the next place, it may be (he is flown untimely, 
 either too foon or too late. 
 
 when you fee a Han>k^ ufe thofe evil Tatches with- 
 out any vifible caufe , caft her out a dead Fowl for a 
 dead Quarry, and hood her up inftantly without Re- 
 ward, todifcoarageher from pradtifing the like ano- 
 ther time : half an hour afterwards call her to the Lure 
 and feed her, and ferve her after this manner as often 
 as flie h(heth in that fa(hion. 
 
 Bcfides, to Qoiicdi this errour,the Faulcorter ought to 
 confult the natures and difpofitions of his Hawk/ , and 
 (hould carefully obferve which fly hii;h when in good 
 plight, and which beft when they are kept low •, which 
 when Qiarpeft fet, and which on the contrary in a mean 
 between both ", which early at Sun-iifing, which when 
 the Sun is but two hours hij^h j which fooner, and 
 which later in an evening. 
 
 For know that the natures of Harvkj are diflcrent* 
 
 Co are the time to fly each one : for to fly a Hawl^ in 
 
 her Dioper times, and to fly her out of ir, is as difagvee- 
 
 ^ ' abia^ 
 
€)f |)aM0 anti ?)aMmcr* 45 
 
 able as the flight of a Gerfaulcon and a Buzzard. There- 
 fore the Oftrager mult fly his Hawk/ according to their 
 natures and difpoiitionsj keeping them always in good 
 Older. 
 
 Where by the by take notice , all Hanok/, as well 
 Soar-han>k/ as Mew'd-hawkj and Haggards , fliould be 
 fetout in the Evening two or three hours, fome more, 
 fome lefs., having refpedl to their nature as it is ftrongcr 
 or weaker '-, and in the morning alfo according as they 
 cafi:, hooding them iirfi:, and then fetting them abroad 
 a weathering, until you get on Hoiftback to profecutc 
 your Recreation. 
 
 A Flight for the Hern. 
 
 This Flight hath fefs of Art in it than Pieafure to 
 the beholders s and, to fay the truth, the Flight is late- 
 ly and molt noble. 
 
 As it is lefs difticult to teach a Havf\ to fly at Fowl 
 than it is to come unto and love the Lure, the Hr(t being 
 natural, and not the lalti fo there is lefs induliry to be 
 ufed in making a HatvhJ^f the Hern than Water- fowl. 
 To the flrlt Ihe is inltigated by a natural propenlity and 
 inclination \ to the latter the is brought with art, pains, 
 and much diligence. 
 
 At the beginning of Mjirch Hsrns begin to make 
 their Paffage : if therefore you will adapt your Faul- 
 cons for the Hern, you mult not let them fly longer at 
 the River, and withal you mult pull them down to 
 make them light *, which is done by giving them 
 Hearts and flelh of Lambs and Calves, alfo Chickens v 
 but give them no wild meats. 
 
 To the intent you may acquaint them one with the 
 other, fo that they may the better fly the Hern and 
 help one another, you mult call a calt of them to the 
 Lure at once » but have a care they crab not toge- 
 ther 
 
4<5 flpf 5)aMj9i attn ^ato^ins:. 
 
 ther, for fo they may endanger one another in their 
 flight. 
 
 When your Hawk^ is fcowred and clean and ftiarp 
 fet,you nnuft then get a live Hern, upon the upper part 
 of whofe long (harp Bill you muft place a jioynt of ai 
 hollow Cane, which will prevent her from hurting the 
 tian^k^: that being done, tie the Hern in a Creance v 
 then fetring her on the ground, unhood your H^^n?^, 
 who will fly the Hern as foon as (hce fees her. If (he 
 feize her, make in apace to fuccour her, and let her 
 plume and take bloud of the Hern : then take the. 
 Brains, the Marrow of the Bones, and the Heart , ttn^ 
 laying it on your Hawking-glove , give it your Faul- 
 con. After this, rip her Breali, and let your Hiwi^feed 
 thereon till (he be well gorged ; this being done, hood 
 her up upon the Hern , permitting her to plume at her 
 pleafure •-, then take her on your Fift^ and let her tire 
 on the Foot or Pinion. 
 
 Becaufe Herns are not very plentifiil, ybu tnay prc- 
 ferve one for a Train three or four times , by arming 
 Bill, Head, and Neck, and painting it of the farac 
 colour that the Hern is of: and when the Faulcon feiz- 
 eth her, you muft b^ very nimble to make in , and de- 
 ceive her by a live Pidgeon clapt under the Wing of 
 the Hern for the Faulcon , which mu(^ be her Re- 
 ward. 
 
 The Haaok^ having thus feveral tinges taken het 
 Train without difcovcry of the delulion , you may 
 then let the Hern loofe in fome fair Field without a- 
 Creance, or without arming her 2 when (he is up of a 
 reafonable heighr, you may cal\ oHT your Faulcon » 
 who if (he bind with the Hern and bring her down,-, 
 then make in apaCe to refcue her, thrulhng the Hern's ' 
 Bill into the ground, and breaking his Wings and 
 Legs, that tlie Haxvl^ may with more eafe plume and 
 toot him. Then rewatd her as before, with the Brains^ 
 
 Mar- 
 
Marrow of the Bones, and Heart, making thereof an 
 Italian Soppa, 
 
 Thus much of a Train-Hern. Mow t.o fly the wild 
 Hern, it is thus : If you Hnd a wild Hern at Siege, win 
 in as nigh unto her as you can, and go with your 
 Harpk^under the Wind ■■, and havhig hvit loofed her 
 Hood in a readinefs, as foon as tlie Hern kaveth the 
 Siege, off with her Hood, and let her fly. If (he climb 
 to the Hern and bring her down, run in ^ as 1 faia be- 
 fore ) to refcue her, thrulling her Bill into the ground, 
 breaking her Wings and Legs, and rewarding her as 
 aforefaid on your Hawking-glovc* 
 
 .Now if your Faulcon beat not down the Hern, o£ 
 do give him over, never fly your Faulcon again at a 
 Hern, unlefs with a Makc-harvh^ well cntrcd ', t'br the 
 Coward by this means, feeing another fly at the Hern 
 and bind with her, takes frclh courage. And it they 
 kill the Hern flying both together, then muft you re- 
 ward them both together while the Quarry is hot,- 
 making for them a Soppa as aforefaid. This is the 
 onely way to make them buih bold and pertecft Hern- 
 ers. 
 
 Of the HAGGARD-FAULCON, 
 
 ivhy fo called ; her good Shape and Fro- 
 
 perties : And ithat difference there u 
 
 hetween a Haggard and a Faul- 
 
 con-gencie. 
 
 THe Hjfr^ard is by fome called the VeY^grih-VauU 
 c<9;7, becaufe, fay (bme, fhe is brought from a 
 Country forrei'n and remote i and therefore others call 
 them '7rjveljers , or PaJJeii^rrr. But if there be no 
 
 ii C ^ ] '^^''^'^ 
 
48 S)f 5)aM!S aitH ^tcmin^. 
 
 other reafon for the name but this , all other Havpkj 
 coming from cxotick places might borrow that appel- 
 lation.' 
 
 Upon a threefold confideration , I conceive they are 
 called Haggard or Peregrin-fattlcons, 
 
 Fiift, becaufe their Eyrie was never found in any 
 Country by any man that ever I could hear or read 
 of. ^^ 
 
 Secondly, becaufe thefe Faulcons rangle and wander 
 more than other Faulcon doth , ftill (eeking ftrange 
 and forreign Coafts i fo that where-ever they come they 
 may be juilly called Peregrins or Forreigners. 
 
 ihirdly, and l3ftly,(he never takes up her habitation 
 long in a place. 
 
 This Haggard is not inferiour to any other Faulcon, 
 but very tender, and cannot endure hard weather , fay 
 fome » but my expciience hath found it otherwife. 
 The reafon that may be allcadgcd is this i firrt, (Tie tra- 
 vels far, as a Stranger^ and comes into Countries com- 
 monly, in the hardeft time of the year : neiit, (he is a 
 hot Haxp}{^ which maybe gathered from her high fly- 
 ing, where the Air is much colder than below , and 
 therefore ought to be more hardy : lallly, fhe meweth 
 with niore expedition ( if (he once begin to cart her 
 Feathersj than other Faulcons do. 
 
 They arc of (hape like other Faulcons h but as to 
 mould they are of three forts, large, middlc-liz'd, and 
 little* fome long-(hapcd, fome (hort-truflcd i fomc 
 larger, fomc lefs. 
 
 They have a fourfold Mail , blank, ruffet, brown 
 and Turtle. 
 
 The goodnefs of her Shape conlifts in having her 
 Head plum'd dafk or blank , flat on the top with a 
 white Wreath environing the fame, a large blue ben- 
 ding Beak, wide Nares, a great black full Eye, high 
 lUtely Neck, large Bieafl, broad Shoulders ,* a great 
 
 Turtle- 
 
Turtle-coloured Feather, long Veins and Sails, buc 
 ficnderihaped, a long Train, high Thighs, and white 
 on the Pendant Feathers, a large wide Koot, with ilen- 
 dcr Stretchers, and Talons tending fomcwhat to an 
 azure colour. 
 
 You may know her in her flight from another by 
 the ftirring of her Wingsifor (he ufeth no thick ftroak, 
 but getteth up to her Mountee leifurely , without any 
 great making out : befides (he may be known by- her 
 extraordinary large Sails. 
 
 The differences between the Haggard and Fatilcou" 
 gentle are thefe : # • 
 
 Firii, the Haggard is larger, being longer-armed 
 with longer Beak and Talons , having a higher Neck, 
 with a long and fair-feafoned Head. 
 
 Secondly, her Beam-feathers in flight are longer than 
 the Fanlcon- gentle 5 , her Train fomewhat larger : a- 
 gain, the Haggard hath a flat Thigh, and the other's 
 is round. 
 
 Thirdly, the Hagi^ard will lie longer on the Wing» 
 
 Fourthly , the Haggard at long flight exceeds the 
 Faulcon-gentle \ which la ft flieth with more fpeed from 
 the Fift than the other. For maintenance of Flight 
 and goodncfs of VVing the Haggard exceeds all other 
 Haivks. 
 
 Fifthly, and laflly, the Haggard is more deliberate 
 and advifcd in her Stooping than the Faukon-g€»tle^ 
 who is more hot and hafly in her Actions, and wMXm^ 
 the Fowl, is apt prefently to fly oh head at the Check. 
 
 [d 2] _ Gf 
 
50 SDf pmh^ antJ !!)aMtttfi:. 
 
 0///;^ BARBARY-FAULCON. 
 
 THe Barbary, or, as fome call her, the Xartaret' 
 Faulcon-, is a Bird feldorn found in any Country, 
 and is called a PaJJcnger as well as the Haggard. They 
 are fomewhat leflcr than the T/frc?/-gc;7?/e, and plum'd 
 red under the Wings, ll:rong-armed, widi long Talons 
 and Stretchers. 
 
 * The Barhary-Faiikon is venturoufly bold, and you 
 may fly her vvith the Haggard all May and Jme. 
 They are Harvk/ very flack in mewing at firft •, but 
 when once they begin, they mew their Feathers very 
 faff. 
 
 They are called Barhary-Faidcons^ becaufethey make 
 their pafTage through that Country and Turnip where 
 they are more frequently taken than in any other place, 
 namely in the Ifles of the Levant^ Candy^ Cyprus^ and 
 abodes. In my opinion^ (he is a Harvk^ of not much 
 value, and therefore 1 (hall leave her, to fpeak of ano- 
 ther of greater reputation. 
 
 Of the GERFAULCON. 
 
 THe Gerfaulcon is a very fair Hawk^.^ and of great 
 force , efpecially being mewed : (lie is ftrong- 
 armed, having long Stretchers and Singles h fhe is 
 fierce and hardy of nature, and therefore difficultly to 
 be reclaimed. She is a lovely Bird to behold, larger 
 than any kind of Faulcen : her Eyes and Head are like 
 the Haggard's, 
 
 Her 
 
Her Beak is great and bending : (he iiath large 
 Nares, and a Mail like a Lanners > her Sails are long 
 and (harp-pointed s her Train much like the Lamer's \ 
 (lie hath a large Foot marble- feared, and is plumed 
 blank, brown, and rulTct. She expecls great civility 
 from her Keeper, who mu(i exercife a great deal of pa- 
 tience on her. , 
 
 The Gerfaulcons Eyiie is in fome parts of ?r«J^i?, and 
 on tlie borders of Kitjfja \ and fome come from the 
 Mountains of Norway^ and frot]^ Germany : Thefe may 
 be alfo called PjjJ'engeri,..,, , .1 ,n «,,! 
 
 By reafon of the fiercenefs and hardinefs of this 
 Bird , (he is very hardly manned and reclaimed v but 
 being once overcome , (he proves an excellent Han>k^ 
 and will fcarce refufe to fly at any thing. 
 
 Their Beaks are blue , fo are the Sears of their Legs 
 and Feet, having Pounces and Talons very long. 
 
 Thefe Haivkfdo not fly the River, but always from 
 the Fift fly the Herns, Shovelers, &c. .,Vr 
 
 In going up to their Gate they do not liold that 
 courfe or way which others do i for they climbe up 
 upon the Train when they find any Fowl , and as 
 foon as they have rcacht her they pluck her down , if 
 not at the fir(\, yet at the fecond or third encounter. 
 You -mult feed and reward them like other Faul- 
 Gons. 
 
 They are very crafty, and covet to keep their Ca- 
 ftingslong through floth i therefore inlkad of Cotton 
 give them a Cafting of Tow, and be fure to keep thcKi 
 (harp fet. 
 
 In the Manning and Reclaiming you mufi by kind- 
 nefs make her gentle and familiar with you. When 
 you have taught her to be lured loofe, then learn her 
 to come to the Pelts of Hens, rr any other Fowl : but 
 let her not touch any living flefh, for fear that draw 
 her love away from your Voice and Hand. 
 
 [d 3] All 
 
52 flDf l!)aM«s aiitJ ipaMinrr, 
 
 All this time you muft hs clofe by her, about her, 
 and upon your Knees, ufing your Voice unto her, with 
 her dinner and fupper clean dreft and waftit , giving 
 her ftill forne bits thereof with your hand, that (he may 
 thic more delight therein. By doing thus frequently 
 you will fo win her, that ftiould (he be guilty of Car- 
 irying, yet by this means (he will be reclaimed, and for- 
 get that errour. 
 
 Let the Olirager have efpecialcare how he make his 
 GerfaulcoH at hrll:, and iiideed all other Harvk^ \ for as 
 they are made then, he (hall ever hnd them after 5 and if 
 they are well made, they are twice made , and for ever 
 made : and therefore have a care of two much precipi- 
 tation in pofiingthem forward. from one lefTon to ano- 
 ther, before they are perfed in any thing. 
 
 H you train her with Doves , (lie will not carry a 
 feather from you. But firf^ before you fpring her any 
 Doves, let her kill four or five at Lure clofe by your 
 foot, having a pair of (hort Creanccs at your Lure. 
 
 Here note, that the Gerfaulcon is mofi dciired for 
 her high-flying, and is belt at Hern and the Mounrce : 
 and that you may bring her to perfedtion herein, play 
 with your entermewcd Ger/^w/cfl;/ the fir (\ year, (hew- 
 ing her all imaginable kindnefs, and ufing all poilible 
 means to make her love you. When you have brought 
 her forward, give her often Callings to cleanfe and 
 purge her, alfo to prevent the growth of too much glut 
 and fatnefs ip her inward parts, which will indanger 
 her life. 
 
£)f 5)atiJks5 anti ipaMi nir> 5 3 
 
 Ofthe SAKER. 
 
 THe Sak^r is a Paflenger or Peregrin- Hawk, for hei 
 Eyrie hath not been found by any. They are 
 found in the llles of the Levant^ Cyprus^ Rhodes^ and 
 Candia^ and in feveral other Iflands in the Sea. 
 
 She is (bmewhat larger than the Haggard- faul con ■> 
 her Plume is rufty and ragged i the Sear of her foot 
 and Beak like the Lanner j her Pounces are fhort, how- 
 ever (he hath great ltrength,and is hardy to all kind of 
 Fowl. She is more difpofcd to the Field a great deal 
 than to the Brook, and delights to prey on great Fowl, 
 as the Hern, the Goofe, &c. As for the Crane, (he is 
 not fofree to fly at her as the Haggard-faulcon^ The 
 Sah^r is good alfo for lefTer Fowl , as Pheafant, Par- 
 tridge, &c. and is nothing fo dainty of her Diet as 
 Hawk^ long-winged. 
 
 This Hawk^wiW make excellent fport with a Kitc^ 
 who, as foon as (he fees the Sakir ( the Male whereof 
 is called a Sah^ret ) ca(\ off^ immediately betakes her 
 felfto, and trufts in the goodnefs of her Wings, and 
 gettcth to her pitch as high as poffibly (he may, by 
 making many Turns and Wrenches in the Air : which 
 if well obrerve4 , together with the variety of con- 
 te(^s and bickerings that are between them , it cannot 
 but be very pleafant and delightful to the beholder. 
 I have known in a clear day and little wind iHrring, 
 that both the Sah^r and Kite have foar'd To high that 
 the (harpeft eye could not difcern them, yet hath the 
 Sak$r in the encounter conquered the Kite, and I have 
 feen her come tumbling down to the ground with a 
 (irange precipitancy. 
 
 [a 4l or 
 
54 2)f ^mi^ ant! ^mkm^. 
 
 Of all Birds rhe Sahr hath the longeft Train. 
 This Hawk^w'iW fly at Hc^r'n, Kite, Pheafant, Partridge, 
 Quail, and fomerimes at the Harei but her chiefeft 
 excellency cnnHfts in her flying at the Crane. Now 
 becaufe we have but few of them in England^ I (hall 
 defi(t from fpeaking farther of the Sak^r , pndy that 
 (he is made to the lure as other Haivkf aye : and in- 
 deed all Faulcons are made after the fame rnanner, yet 
 are not flown withal alike ', for Sal^rj^ Latwers, Ger- 
 fmlcons^M\lmi^^\^^ Merlins do not fly the River \ if 
 any do , it is very -rarely-, 
 
 Of the LANNER, LANNERET, 
 and TUNISIAN. 
 
 THe Lamer is a Hj-wjI^ common in all Countries, 
 cfpecially xnFrance^ making her Eyrie on high 
 Trees in Forrcfls , or on high Cliffs near the Sea- 
 
 She is leffer than the Faulcon-gcnth , fair-plumed 
 when an Enter- me wer , and of (horter Tllons than 
 aiiy other Faulcon. Thofe who have the largcfl and 
 beft-feafoned Heads axe the befl Lanners. 
 
 With tht tanner 'f:iV Lafineret you may fly the Pvivcr i 
 and both are very good alfo for the Land. 
 
 They are not very choice in their F'ood , and can 
 better away with fjroft Viduals than any other 
 
 ' Mew'd Lanners ire hardly kr.ovvn from the Soar' 
 harvks^ (and fo likcwife the Sah^r) becaufe they do not 
 change their Plume. 
 
 ■ '"' Y6u n^iay -know the Lanners by thefe three tokens. 
 X. They are blianker Haivks than any other. 3. They 
 
 have 
 
©fi^att)^^ ant! lj)aMmg. 55 
 
 have lefs Beaks than thereft. 3. Andlaftly, They are 
 lefs armed and pounced than other Faulcons. 
 
 Of all Hart^ks there is none fo fit for a young Faul- 
 coner as the Lanner^ becaufe flie is not inclined to Sur- 
 feits, and feldom melts Greafeby being over-flown. 
 
 There are a fort of Lanmrs which Eyrie in the 
 Alps^ having their Heads white and flat aloft, large 
 and black Eyes, llender Nares, (hort and thick Beaks, 
 and lel?cr than the Haggard or Faulcon- gentle. Some 
 are indifferent large, fome lefs, and others middle- 
 lized. 
 
 Their Mail is marble or rudet » their Breaft-fea- 
 thers white and fuUof ruflet fpotss the points and ex- 
 tremities of their Feathers full of white dropsy their 
 Sails and Train long : they are (hort Leg'd , with a 
 foot lefs than that of a Faulcon, rnarble-feer'd > but 
 being mew'dthe Seer changeth to a yellow. 
 
 The Lanner never lieth upon the Wing after (he 
 hath flown to Mark , but after once flooping (lie ma- 
 kethaPoint, and then, like the Gojfjawk^, waits the 
 Fowl. 
 
 If llie mi-fs at the firft down- fail and kill not, (he will 
 confult her advantage to her greate(t eafe. 
 
 Thefe kind of Hawks are highly prized in France 
 and Italy , neither is (he defpifeable in England i but 
 we look upon them as flothful and hard-metled : and 
 therefore if you intend to have any good cfher, keep 
 a Arid hand over her » for (he is of an ungrateful dif- 
 polition, and will flight your Kindnelfcs , contrary to 
 the nature of the Faulcon-gmk , who for one good 
 ufage will return a treble courtefie, and the better (he is 
 rewarded, the better fliewill fly, - 
 
 They are flown at Field or Brook, and are Hawks 
 that rhaintain long flights, whereby much Fowl is kil- 
 led ( and more than by a better Hawk, J by reafon of 
 Dogs and Hawking-^oles. 
 
 If 
 
5^ SDf i&aMjs ants ©aMtno:- 
 
 If you will fly with a Lanner , you muft keep hep 
 very (harp : and becaufe they keep their Caftingsi 
 long, by reafon they are hard- me tied Hiznrj^, give 
 them therefore hard Caftings made of Tow and knots 
 of Hemp. 
 
 In the reclaiming the Lanner and the Lanneret much 
 pains and labour muft be taken , and the chiefeft thing 
 is to make her well acquainted with the Lure , whichii 
 muft be garnilhed with hard waftit meat , and let her? 
 receive the major part of her Reward in bits from 
 your hand : as for the reft of her Training , take the 
 fame courfe which I have directed in the manning and 
 ordering of the Haggard- fanlcon. But above all take 
 pains to ftay her, and by your utmoft Art reftrain ber 
 from dragging or carrying any thing from you,to which' 
 ill quality ftie is more inclined than any other Harvk,, 
 whatever. 
 
 To conclude this Chapter , I come next to the T«- 
 nifian^Faulcon^ which is not much different in nature 
 from the Lanner^ yet fomewhat lefs, but in Foot and 
 plume much alike. She hath a large round Head,,, 
 and is more crecfe than the Lanner., and more heavy < 
 and fluggifti in her flight. 
 
 She is called a lunifian-faulcon^ from tunis the Me- 
 tropolis of Barbary , the Country where ftie ufually 
 makes her Eyrie. 
 
 They are excellent Harx>k^ for the River , lying 
 long upon the Wing, and will fly the Field alfo very 
 well. 
 
 They naturally delight to feiic upon the Hare, and 
 will ftrike boldly at her. Much more might be faid 
 of her, which 1 here omit.^ ftie being a H^n^J^not very 
 common in England, 
 
 Having curforily difcourft in as good a method as 
 I could of the feven forts of Faulcons, with their 
 Manning, Reclaiming, Luring, Training, Staying, &(^» 
 
SDf ^atDK0 nm ^aMing* 57 
 
 r (hall proceed to give you an account of feme other 
 Han^h^ which 1 propounded and promifed m the be- 
 ginning of this Treatife : take them thus in order. 
 
 Of the MERLIN. 
 
 THe Merlin in Plume is much like the Haggard- 
 Faukon, alfo in the Sear of the Foot, Beak, and 
 Talons, and is much alike in Conditions. 
 
 A Merlin well mannM, lur'd, and carefully lookt at- 
 ter, will prove an excellent Harvkc Their Right is 
 fwifter than any other Ha^K. and naturally they flic at 
 Partridge, Thrulh, and Lark. , , r , 
 
 It is a Bird very bufie and unruly, and therefore the 
 Faulconer ought to take fpecial heed and care of them, 
 left unnaturally they eat off their own Feet and Talons, 
 which feveral of them have been known to do, and 
 die thereby. For which caufe, Merlins ought not to 
 be mewM or intermew'd, becaufe in the Mew they of- 
 ten fpoil themfelves. 
 
 She is accounted a^an^^of the Fift, and not of the 
 Lure: but to my knowledge Qie may be brought to 
 love the Lure very well. 
 
 She is very venfurous and hardy, which may appear 
 by her flying at Birds as big or bigger than her felf, 
 with fuch eagernefs, as that flie wi\l purfue them even 
 into a Town or Village. 
 
 If you will flie with a Merlin at a Partridge, chule 
 
 . the Formal, which is the Female, The Jack, is not 
 
 worth the Training. j . n. 
 
 When you have made her to the Lure, and that me 
 
 will patiently endure the Hood, then make her a Tram 
 
 with a Partridge -. iflhe foot and kill it, reward he« 
 
 ^ ■ well, 
 
5S flDf ipaujfejs ann !S)aiukinD:» 
 
 well, futfering her to take her pleafure thereon. Aftei 
 this, fly her at the wild Partridge > if flie take or mark 
 it at firft or fecond flight, being retrieved by the Spa* 
 niels, feed her upon it vvith a reafonable Gorge, chear- 
 ing her with your Voice jn fuch manner that (he may 
 know it another time. If (he prove not hardy at firlt 
 Train, try her vvith a fecond or third : if (he prove not 
 then, (he will prove nothing worth. 
 
 If you fly the Merlin at Lark or Linnet, let it be wltW 
 a Caft of Merlins at once, b:caufe they love to fly in 
 company : bciides, it is a greater delight to the Spe- 
 ctators to fee them fly together i you (hall obferve the, 
 one climb to the Mountee above the Lark, and the ©then 
 to lie low tot her beft advantage. 
 
 When your Merlin is throughly manned and made: 
 gentle, ( which you mu(t bring to pafs according too 
 the method propounded for other HxrvksJ 1 fay, when 
 flie is reclaimed, you may then carry her into the 
 fields » where having found a Lark or Linnet, get as 
 near as you can into the Wind to tb: Bijcd s and as 
 foon as the Bird rifeth from the ground, unhood your 
 Calt of Merlins and cd.[\ them off, and when they have 
 beaten down the Lark, let them feed a little thereon. 
 
 There is a fort of Larks whicj;i 1 would not advife 
 the Faulconer to fly at, and they are called Cm-lark/^ 
 which donot mount as the long- fpur'd fleld-Lark, buc 
 fly iiraight forward, to the endangeriiigthe lofs of your 
 H^wi^ without any paftime or pleafure. 
 
 Of the Mewing of Merlins, Faulcons, Gerfaul- 
 
 cons, djui My lions at Stock or at Large : 
 
 and which is tl^e heji way of Mewing. 
 
 It is the opinion of foroe, ( but how commendable, 
 I will leave ilie Reader to judge ) that Mt///j/ cannot 
 
 be. 
 
©f 51)alul4g ant! ^aMing;* 5p 
 
 ae mewM, or if they be, that they arc very rarely good 
 afterwards. Experience tells me the contrary ; for 
 if (hey be hardy, and have flown well in their Soarage, 
 they have proved much better after mewing than be- % 
 
 fore. 
 
 The time of mewing for Faulcons mould be about 
 the latter end of April ■■> at which time fet down your 
 Faulcons, diligently obCerving whether they be louzy 
 or not : if they are, pepper them, and that will infal- 
 libly kill the Lice. You muft alfo fcour them, before 
 you caft them into the Mew. 
 
 Mcwings are of two forts i the one loofe and at 
 large, the other at the Stock or Stone. 
 
 Mewing at large is thus in (hort : If your Room be 
 large, by divifions you may mew four Faulcons at 
 once, each partition confining of about twelve foot 
 fquare, and as much in height, with two Windows 
 two foot broad, the one opening to the North, for 
 the benefit of cold Air •, the other to the Eait, for the 
 beneficial warmth of the Sun. At your Ea(i-window 
 let there be a Board two foot broad, even with the bot- 
 tom of the Window, with a Lath or Ledge round •-, 
 in the middle fet a green Turff, laying good (lore of 
 Gravel and Stones about it, that your H^n?/;, may take 
 them at her pleafure. 
 
 \i your Faulcon be a great Bater, let your Chamber 
 be on the ground, which muft be covered four fingers 
 thick with grofs Sand, and thereon fet a Stone fome- 
 what taper, of about a Cubit fn height, on which they 
 love to tit, by reafon of its coolnefs. 
 
 Make her two Perches, at each Window one, to 
 recreate her felf as (he pleafeth, either with Heat or 
 Cold. 
 
 Every week or fortnight fet her a Bafon of Water 
 to bathe in •, and when (lie hath bathed therein, take it 
 away the night following. 
 
 Your 
 
6o £Df pmk^ aitti ^aMittff* 
 
 Your Mew muft have a Portal to convey in thij 
 Hack, a thing whereon the meat is ferved. I necc 
 not prefcribe the manner how to make it, fince it is i 
 thing fo generally known akcady. I 
 
 You ought to keep one fet-hour in feeding i for 0' 
 will fhe mew fooncr and better: when Ihe hath fee 
 and gorged her felf, then remove the Stick from th 
 Hack on which the meat was fattened, to keep her fron 
 dragging if into the Mew. 
 
 In the opinion of moft, it is better Mewing at th 
 Stock or Stone, which muft be performed thus : Mak 
 choice of a Ground-room remote from noife or con 
 courfe of people, and therein fet a Table of wha 
 length you think is moit convenient for the numbe 
 of your Faulcons, and of about fix foot in breadth 
 with thin Boards aloqg the fides and ends, about fou 
 fingers high from the fuperficies of the Table, whicl 
 muft ftand on Treffels about three foot high from th 
 ground. Let this Table be covered indifferently thic! 
 with great Sand mixt with fmali Pebbles, in the midi 
 whereof place a pyramidal Free-ftone about a yard ii 
 height, unto which rye your Faulcon, Gerfaulcon, Mer 
 lin or Mylion : then take a fmall Cord of the bignel 
 of a Bow-ftring, and put it through a Ring or Swive 
 and bind it about the Stone in fuch fort that the Swi 
 vel may go round the Stone without let or hindrance 
 and thereunto tye the Leafe of your Harvkc 
 
 Here note, that if you mew more than one Haw. 
 in one Room, you muft fet your Stones at that di 
 ftancc, that when they bate they may not crab one a 
 nother. 
 
 The rcafon of placing this Stone is, becaufe th' 
 Faulcon delights to fit thereon for its coolnefs fake, anc 
 the little gravelly ftones the Hawk^ fi»cquently fwal- 
 lows to cool her within. The Sand is ncct ffary tc 
 prefcrve their Feathers when they bate, and their Mew- 
 
 et$ 
 
ets are the more eafily ckanfed. The little Gord with 
 the Swivel tyed about the Stone, is to keep the Harvl^^ 
 from tangling wheia (he bateth, becaufe the Ring will 
 fiillfoUowher. , , , i , . 
 
 All day let your Harvk, (land hooded, oncly when 
 vou take her on your Fill to feed : at night unhood 
 hex; and left any accident (hould happen m the night, 
 prejudicial to the Harpkc the Faulconer ought to he m 
 the Mew. 
 
 Of the HOBBY. 
 
 THe Hobby is a Hawk^oi the Lure, and not of the 
 Fift, and is a high flier, and is in every refped 
 like the Saksr, but that (he is a much lefTer Bird. 
 
 The Hobby hath a blue Beak, but the Seer thereof 
 and Legs are yellow : the Crinets or little Feathers 
 under her Eye are very black s the top of her head is 
 betwixt black and yellow, and (he hath two white 
 fcams on her Neck i the Plumes under the Gorge and 
 about the iSrows, are redd i(h, without fpot or drops 
 the Breaft-feathers are brown for the moft part, yet 
 powdered with white fpots *, her Back, Train, and 
 Wings are black alofr, having no great fcalcs upon the 
 Legs, unkfs it be a tew beginning behind the three 
 Stretchers and Pounces, nhichare very large in refped 
 of herfhort Legs i her Brail- feathers are engouted be- 
 twixt red and black", the Pendant-feathers ( which 
 ate thofe behind the Thigh ) arc of a rufty fmoaky 
 complexion. The daring Hobby may be well called 
 fo, ior (he is nimble and light of Wing, and dares 
 encounter Kites„ feaizards, or Crows, and will give 
 loulc ior foufe, blow for blow, till fometimes they 
 
 feiie 
 
62 SDf mw6.$ aitn fpaMittB:. 
 
 feiie and come tumbling down to the ground both to^ 
 gethef. 
 
 They are chiefly for the Lark, which poor little crea- 
 ture fo dreads the fight of a Uohhy foaring in the Air 
 over her, that (he will rather chufe to commit her felf 
 to the mercy of Man or Dogs, or to be trampled on by 
 Horfes, than venture her felf into that Element where^ 
 file fees her mortal Enemy foaring. 
 
 The Hohhy makes excellent fport with Nets andl 
 Spaniels, which is performed after this manner. The 
 Dogs range the held to fpring the Fowl, and the Hob- 
 Iks foar over them aloft in the Air : the filly Birds, 
 fearing a Confpiracy between the Hawks and Dogs to 
 their utter deftrudion, dare not commit themfelves 
 to their Wings, but think it fafer to lie clofe to the 
 ground, and fo are taken in the Nets. This fport is 
 called Daring' 
 
 Of the GOSHAWK. 
 
 THere are feveral forts of Godjawkf , tnd they are 
 different in goodnefs, force, and hardinefs ac- 
 cording to the diverfity of their choice in Gawking: 
 at which time when Harv}q begin to fall to liking, alll 
 Birds of Prey do affemble themfelves with t\\tGo(ljar^k.. 
 and flock together. 
 
 The Female is the bed : and although there be fome 
 Gofhawks which come from Sclavonia, Sardinia, Lorn- 
 hardy, Kufu, Puglia, Germany, Armenia, Verfia, Greece, 
 and Africa i yet there are none better than thcfe which 
 are bred in the North parts oi Ireland, as in the Pro- 
 vince of Vlfter, but more efpecially in the County ot 
 Tyrone. ' 
 
 Take 
 
Take thefe Rules as to the goodnefs of her propor- 
 tion or Ihajpe; 
 
 She ought to have a fmall Head, her Face long and 
 ftraight, a large Throat, great Eyes, deep fet, the Apple 
 of the Eye black, Nares, Ears, Back, and Feet large and 
 blank i a black long Beak, long Neck, big Breail;, hard 
 flefh, long Thighs,fielhy, the bone of the Leg and Knee 
 ftiott, long large Pounces and Talons. From the Stern 
 or Train to the Breail forward (he ought to grow round: 
 the Feathers of the Thighs towards the Train (hould 
 be latge, and the Train-feathers Ihorr, foft, and fome- 
 what tending to an Iron Mail. The Brayl - feathers 
 bught to be like thofe of the Breafi: , and the Covert- 
 feath'ets of the Train (hould be fpotted and full of black 
 rundles i but (he extremicy of every Train-feather 
 (hould be black Area ked. 
 
 The fign of force in a Go(}jatvJ{_ is this : Tye divers 
 bftheiuin feveral places of one Chamber or Me^i', and 
 that Hawk^thit doth iTife and rhevvt higheli and far- 
 theft off from her , is without quelHon the itrongcit 
 Hawk^t for the high and far mewting argues a ftrong 
 Back. 
 
 1 might tell you theillihapeofa GoJhjn>h^i but fince 
 I have declared the good , the bad may be colledcd 
 trom thence: Contraria contratiis di^nofcunter. How- 
 ever take this general rule , That Go(han>k^t\\2it hath 
 pendant Plumes over her Eyei, the whites whereof are 
 waterilh and blank, thit is red-mail'd or bright tawny, 
 hath the moll alTuted tokens of a H^^'i^that is ill con- 
 ditioned. 
 
 The Gofhdivk^ preyeth on the Pheafanr, Mallard, 
 "Wild-goofe, Hare, and Coney •, nay, (be will venture 
 to fcize on a Kid or Goat , vvhich declareth the inefti- 
 mable courage and valour of this Han>k- 
 
 She ought to be kept with great care, becaufc (he is 
 very choice and dainty, and looks to have a nice hand 
 kept over her. [ e ] Ho^ 
 
How to make the Soar or Haggard Go{h^wk. 
 
 Firft trim them with Jeffes, Bcvets, and Bells , as 
 foon as they come to your hands s keep them feeled 
 fome time, hooding and unhooding them often, teach- 
 ing them to feed on the Fift three or four days, or till 
 they have left their Rammagenefs and become gentle : 
 having fo done, unfeel them by Candle light at night, 
 caufing them to tire or plume upon a Wing or Leg 
 of a Pullet •, and be fure to deal gently and mildly 
 with them until you have won and throughly man- 
 ned them : then you may go into fome pleafant field, 
 and firit give them a bit or two hooded on your Fiit, 
 and the likeunhooded, cafi: them down fair and foftly 
 on fome Fearch, and make them come from it to your 
 Fift, calling to them with a Faulconer's ufual terms > 
 and when they come, feed them, calling all the while 
 in the fame manner to make them acquainted with 
 your voice. The next day you may call them with 
 aGreanceata farther dilknce, feeding them as be- 
 fore. 
 
 When you have thus called your GoJ}jawk^2ibxo2id 
 three or four days , and that you hnd her grow cun- 
 ning, then take her on your Fill, and mount on Horfe- 
 back, and ride with her an hour or two, unhooding 
 and hooding her fometimes, giving her a bit or two in 
 fight of your Spaniels, that (he may not be afraid of 
 them : this being 'done, fet her on a Tree With a thort 
 Greance tied to her Loins, and going half a fcore yards 
 from her on Horfeback , call her to your Fill: accor- 
 ding to art i) if (he come, reward her with two or 
 three bits , and caft her up again to the Tree : then 
 throw out a dead Pullet ( to which (he was ufed be- 
 fore ) about a dozen yards from her j if (he fly to it 
 and feize it, let her feed three or four bits upon it , ride 
 
 the 
 
the mean while about her on Horfeback, and rate back 
 your Spaniels, becaufe they (hall not rebuke her at hrit, 
 and make her ever atter afraid of them : then alight, 
 and gently take her on your Fili, feed her, hood her, 
 and let her plume or tire. 
 
 Here note, that the Gofhavph^ is a greater Poulterer, 
 and therefore it would be more requifire to throw on% 
 a dead Partridge, or one made artihcially with its 
 Wing, Tail and Plumage \ which will caufe her to 
 know Partridge better, and Poultry lefs. 
 
 How to make a Golhawk fij to the Far fridge^ 
 
 Having manned your Gojharv}^ go into the field with 
 her, carrying with you a Train- Partridge, and unhood- 
 ing your Harvk^ bear her as gently as you can •, and you 
 will do well to let her plume or tire, for tliat will make 
 her the more eager. 
 
 If the Partridge fpring, let her fly: if (he markone^ 
 two, three, or more on the ground, then go to her and 
 make her take Pearch on fome Tree thereby : then if 
 you can retrive the Partridge with your Spaniels , a'? 
 foon as they fpring it you mull: cry, Homt^ hon>it^ and 
 retrive \z the fecohd time, crying when it fpringeth as 
 aforefaid : if yourH^n?/^ kill it, feed her upon it. 
 » If it fo happen your Spaniels (hould take it ( as it is 
 very frequent for hot Spaniels to light upon the Par- 
 tridge, being either flown out of breath, or overchar- 
 ged with fear) then alight from your Horfe, and taking 
 it fpeedily from the Dogs, caft it out to your Hawk^cr^' 
 ing, PFare HavpJ^ ncare^ and let her feed thereon ai her 
 pleafure. 
 
 After this you muft not fly her in two days ; for ha- 
 ving fed on bloody meat , Ihe will not fo foon be in 
 good cafe to fly again i for fuch meat is not fo eafily 
 endewed by a H^^-j^as the Leg of a Chicken or the like* 
 * |_e 2] Ufuig 
 
^6 S5f?)atDfe!(Sflttt!?)at»kmff» 
 
 Ufing her thus three or four times , (he will be well 
 in bloud, and become an excellent Flier at this pleafanc 
 Field flight. 
 
 Here note, that you murt do at firft with her as with 
 other Harvkj^ that is, feel and watch her, and win her 
 tofecdi to the Hood, to the Fift, e^c. and then enter 
 her to young Partridges till November , at which time 
 both Trees and Fields become bare and empty : then 
 you may enter her to the old Rervefj^ fctting her (hort 
 and eager* if (he kill, feed her up with the Partridge 
 three or four times, and this will bring her to perfe- 
 ction. 
 
 If your Harvk^h^ a good Partridger, let her not fly 
 at the Powt or Pheafant , for they fly not fo long a 
 Flight as the Partridge i and therefore the Go(han>k^ 
 being more greedy oi Prey than any other Hjw/^, 
 (yet dtfirou$of eafc> would always covet (hort Flights, 
 not caring to hold out : not but that there are fomc 
 good both for long and fhort flights, but they are rarely 
 found. 
 
 Befides, you muft have a great care in keeping them 
 in good order , with Flying , Bathing , Weathering, 
 Tiling, and Fluming. 
 
 HoK> ifo help a Gofliawk that turneth Tail to 
 Tad, aud giveth over her Game. 
 
 It is ufual for a GodjawJ^ to fly at a Partridge , ycC 
 neither kill it, nor fly it to mark, but to turn 7ail to 
 Tail •, that is having flown it a Bow-(hot or more , (he 
 giveth over her Game, and takes a Tree : then mull: 
 y.ou call in your Spaniels to the Retrieve that way your 
 HaTg>''i, flew the Partridge •, let the Faulconer draw 
 hinjfelf that way alfo, and carrying with him a quick 
 Partridge, let him cafl ic out to her, which will make 
 
 her 
 
j3Df !J)aMd ant) 5)aUifeinn:, 6-} 
 
 her believe it is the faine (he tiew at. When you ca(t 
 it out, cry, 'iVan Hanp\^ ware i make her fcize it, ar.d 
 feed her upon it: and this will encourage her to rty 
 out her flight another time. If the next time you fly 
 her ( which muft be the third day ) (he fervc you To 
 again, then muft you do as aforefaid with alive Par- 
 tridge carried about you for that purpofe : if (he ferve 
 you fo the third time , 1 would advile you to rid your 
 hands of her as foon as you can. 
 
 How to make a Gofliawk fly quickly. 
 
 The Go/^^)rJ^rerpecially Soars and NiaflTes) are very 
 loving to and fond of man , and therefore (hould be 
 flown with a little more Rammage, elfc frequently, af- 
 ter two or three ftroaks with their Wings,they will give 
 over the flight, and return to the Keeper : wherefore 
 you muft fly with them as foon as you can. And yet 
 there is an evil which attends this dired:ion,and that is, 
 by flying over-foon you will pull down your Hirv}\ and 
 make her poor, from whence proceeds feartulnefs and 
 cowardifc. To remedy which, you muft give your 
 Harv](, fome refpite, a^ld fet her up again before you fly 
 her. There are fome Gofhawkr (but very few) which 
 will not fly when they are in good plight : then muft 
 you bate their flelli, and pinch them with fcoufing, 
 wa(ht meat, and the like. But the beft way of flying 
 fuch an one is when (he is lufty and high ; and, to addc 
 to her vivacity and courage, let her be fet abroad in the 
 morning an hour or two, when the weather is not ve- 
 ry cold •, for being fo weaiher'd, when ftie hath flown 
 a Partridge to the Mark, (he will not away until it he re- 
 trieved by the Spaniels. 
 
 [ e 3 Harp 
 
^^ m^M^ autJ l!)aui!ting. 
 
 How to fly a Goihawk to the River. 
 
 A Gojhavpk rbut no tiercel) may fly the Puver at 
 Mallard, Duck, Gccfe, or Hern, with other large 
 iVater-fowl: She is trade for that purpofe after this 
 manner. 
 
 Firft, make her to the Fift, as is prefcribed in her 
 making to the Field : then carry her into the field 
 without Eells, and with a live Duck, which you muft 
 give to one of the company , who muli hide himfelf 
 in fome Ditch or Pit with the Duck tied to a Creance : 
 then mull you draw near him with yourii^»;i^unhood- 
 ed en your Fili, and gwing him fome private notice to 
 throw out the Duck, caft off > our Har^k:, and if (he take 
 K at the Source , let him reward and feed her with a 
 reafonabl- Gorge : then take her upon your Fill and 
 hood her, permitting her to tire and plume upon the 
 Leg or Wing of the Duck. The third day go again 
 with her into the Field in like manner, or elfehnd out 
 fome Plafh or Pool where Wild-fowl lie, taking the ad- 
 vantage of the riling Bank : being near the Fowl, let 
 fom^: of the company raife them up, and your Hawk 
 being unhooded, caft her off i \i (he kill any of them at 
 Source, make in to her quickly, and crofs the Fowl's 
 Wings, fo that (he may foot and plume it at her plea- 
 fure, rewarding her as before. After this, take her on 
 your Fill, and kt her tire and plume the Leg or Wing 
 of the Fowl aforefaid. ° 
 
 When your Cofhawkj^ throughly nouzled, and well 
 iri bloud, you mayfly her twice a day or oftner, rewar- 
 ding her as before. 
 
An excellent way to preferve a Gofliawk in the 
 time of her flying, efpecially in hot weather. 
 
 TakeapintofPved-rofe-Water, put it into a Bot- 
 tle, bruife one iVick or two of green Liquorilh and put 
 in it likewife a little Mace, and the quantity of a Wall- 
 nut of Sugar-candy, and draw her meat through it 
 twice or thrice a week, as you (hall find occafion : It 
 prevents the Phantafs, and feveral Difeafes they are 
 fubjed to : befides, it gives a huge Breath, and gently 
 fcoureth her. 
 
 How to fly the Wild-goofe er Crane with 
 the Golhawk. 
 
 Having mann d your Gojhatvk, brought her to the 
 Fift, and train'd her with a Goofe in the Field, then 
 feek out where Wild-geefe, Cranes,or other large Wild- 
 fowl lie : having found them afar off, alight and carry 
 your Hio-Ze unhooded behind your Horfe, ftalking to- 
 wards them until you have got pretty nigh them,hold- 
 ing down your H.rn'i^covert under the Horlc's Neck or 
 Body, yet fo that (he may fee the Fowl : then you mult 
 raife them,and caliingoff your Ha^k, if (he kill,reward 
 her. And thus (he may kill four or five in a day. 
 
 In like manner, you may make her to the Crane, 
 and may ftalk to Fowl which lie in Ponds or Pits as 
 
 aforefaid. n- u t 
 
 Here note, that if you can fly at great, llight the 
 leffer Flights, which will make your Hawk the bol- 
 der. 
 
 [ell 
 
 Ho» 
 
70 
 
 ^tpam^ ann J^nmiim, 
 
 ffow to mw a Goiliawk, and dt-am her mt of 
 the hUwy and make her Flying. 
 
 Having flown with a G.y^^H. Ti.i^d , Soar, or 
 Haggard u\\ March, give her fome good Quarry in her 
 ^oof, and having feen her clean from Lice, cut off the 
 Buttons of her JefTes, and thiow her into the Mew i 
 which Roprpfhould he on the groqnd, and fcituated 
 towards the North, if poffible. 
 
 Let the Pcarches therein be lined with Canvas or 
 t^otton i for otherwife by hurting her Foot (he may 
 get the Gout or Pynn. ^ 
 
 Let the Mew have alfo a Window towards the 
 haft, and another Northward. There muli be alfo a 
 Bafon of Water in the Mew for bathing, which mull 
 beftiifted every three days. Feed your Hawk with 
 Hgeons, or dfe witli the hot FleOi of Weather-Mut- 
 
 About the beginning of OCioher, if you find your 
 Go(han;k fair mew'd and hard penn'd, then give her 
 Chickens, Lambs-hearts, or Calves-hearts, tor about 
 twenty days together, to fcour her, and make her llife 
 out the ilimy fubdancc and glitt out of her Pannel, and 
 tnleam her. 
 
 Having done thus, fome Evening draw her out of 
 the Mew, and new furni(h her with Jefles, Bells, Be w- 
 ets, and all other things needful for her : then keep 
 her leel d two or three days, till the will endure the 
 Hood patiently i for mewed Hawks are as impatient 
 ot the Hood asthofenewly taken. , 
 
 When you have won her to endure the Hoo^, then 
 HI an Evening by Candle-light you may unfeel her, 
 and the next day Ihcw her the Fill and Glove, making 
 her to tire and rJume morning and evening, givioi^ 
 her (ometimcs in the morning ( when her Gorge is 
 
 empry^ 
 
©f 5)atDlt53 null |)aMing. n 
 
 empty) a little Sugar-candy, which will help her in an 
 excellent manner to endew. 
 
 When you Hnd your Gc^aw\ijQt& eagerly, and that 
 vou think in ynur judgement (he is enfeamed, and that 
 you may boldly flv with her, then go with her into the 
 Field-, (he will then bate, {Xi empty) and fly of her 
 own accord : if (he kill, feed and reward her i but if 
 (he fly to the mark with a Partridge, then muft you re- 
 trive it, and ferve her as afore declared. 
 
 Sope general Ohfervations for an Oftrager 
 or Falconer in Keeping and Reclaim- 
 ing a GOSHAWK. 
 
 It frequently happens that a Go(hawk^ot tiercel y 
 where good in their Soarage, become worle after they 
 are mewed : and the reafon may be, becaufe (he was 
 not cherilhed nor encouraged, to make her take delight 
 
 in her Soarage. r r i '. 
 
 For in a manner the major part ot a raulconers 
 skill confifls in coying and kind ufage of his Hawk.^ Co 
 cheri(hing her that (he may take delight in her Flight. 
 
 At the fir(\ entring of his H.txvk^ he ought always to 
 have a Train- Partridge in his Bag, to ferve her with 
 when need requires, to purchafe her love : and let him 
 take fuch ohfervations which may keep his Hawk, al- 
 ways in good order. As tirrt, he muft know naturally 
 all GoJhan>}q are fullof moift humours, efpecially in the 
 Head, and therefore let him ply them with Tiring and 
 Pluming morning and evening i for that will open them 
 in the Head, and make them ca(t water thereat. Let 
 the GolhAwK^ tiring be a Rum of Beef, a Pinion or the 
 Leg of a Chicken, given by the tire, or in the warm 
 Sun : this not onely opens hei Head, but keeps her from 
 flothfulaefs in good exercife, 
 
72 €)f ^aM)^ ants ipauiamfi:. 
 
 Give her every night Carting of Feathers or Cottorjj 
 and in the morning mark whether it be wrought round 
 or not, whether fweet or not, whether moilt or dry, 
 and of what colour the water is that drops out of the 
 Carting : by thefe means he rtiall know what condition 
 his H^wJ^is in. 
 
 He alfo ought to regard her Mewts , to fee whether 
 they be clean or not , and give remedies accorditigly. 
 He ought alfo toconfider.thefeafon h for in cold wea- 
 ther he muft fet his Harp}^ in fome warm place where 
 fire is made h he muft line the Pearch with Canvas or 
 Cotton, and muft fet it fo far from the Wall that the 
 IJarv}{ hurt not her Feathers when ftie batcth. If the 
 weather be temperate, he may then fet her in the Sun- 
 fhine for an hour or two in the morning. 
 
 Let no Hens or Poultry come near the place where 
 your Han>}^dot\\ Pearch s and in the Spring offer her 
 water every week, or elfe ftie will foar away from you 
 when (he flieth, and you may go look her. 
 
 If your Havpk^ bathe her felf fpontaneoufly in cold 
 weather after her flight, go prefently to the next hcufe 
 and weather her with her Back to the fire, and not her 
 Gorge,for that will make her fick : and dry your Hajvk 
 if you have carried her in the Rain. 
 
 A good Faulconer will always keep his H^G?;^high 
 and lufty, yet fo that ftie may be always in a condition 
 to fly beft. 
 
 Alfo he muft keep his H^w^ clean, and her Feathers 
 whole : and if a Feather be broken or bruifcd, he muft 
 prefently im,p it i and to that end he muft have his 
 Imping-needlcs, his Semond, with other Inftruments 
 always in readinefs. 
 
 The firrt year it is moft requifite to fly your Gqfhan\ 
 to the Field, and not to the Covert i for fo they will 
 learn to hold out, and not turn tail in the midft of 
 their flight : and when they are mewed Havpk^, you 
 
 may 
 
fiDf 5)tiUJlt0 anti 5)aUj|tmff ♦ 73 
 
 inay make them do what you will ; and it is better 
 to let her be a little rammage than to be overman- 
 ned. 
 
 Her feeding is beft on hot meats : and if you would 
 inPrudl her to kill great Fowl, make her Trains there- 
 of i and if you would have her continue thofe Flights, 
 never fly her at lefs, for that will take her off from them 
 and fpoil her. If you will make her to fly with a 
 Dog to aiTilt her, then feed your H^w^ with great Fowl, 
 and your Dogs with fleOi tied under their Wings. If 
 you train your H^B?^with them, rewarding her upon 
 the Train, and your Dog with her, this will make them 
 acquainted together. 
 
 Thus continue doing till your Dog throughly knowj 
 his duty : and be fure to keep your Dog tied up •■, for if 
 you let him go loofe, it will fpoil the beft Dog that is: 
 and never give him a reward, but when he maketh in 
 at fuch Fowls to refcue the Harvk. 
 
 Call your Gojhavpk^to no other thing than your Fift^ 
 and oftentimes fpurt good wine on your Gojhawk^ 
 Sears : And note, that in all her Diftempers fweet 
 things are beft to be adminiftred in her Medicines. 
 
 Of the SPARROW-HAWK. 
 
 THe laft H<j»>/^ which we (hall treat of, is the Spar- 
 row-hawk^-y of which there are feveral kinds, and 
 5f different Plumes. 
 
 For the" kinds, there is the Sclavonian^ Calahriatiy 
 Zorfican^ German^ Vicentian^ and Veronian, Alpifan^ Sab- 
 ^ean^ cind Bergamafcan^ in the black Vale near the Con- 
 ines oi Vaholina. It is needlefs to give you a particu- 
 ar account of them. 
 
 Their 
 
74 ©f v^m^ mxn i^amm. 
 
 Their Plumes are different : fome are fmall plumed 
 and blank H^m^j^r, others of a larger Feather, fonre 
 plumed like the Quail, fome brown or Canvas-mail'd, 
 and others have juft thirteen Feathers in their Train, 
 &c. 
 
 To be (hort, this Charader I may juftly give the 
 Sparrow'happkjx) general, that (he is in her kind, and 
 for that Came her ftrength will give her leave to kill, 
 a very good Hawkf Belldes, he that knows how to 
 man, reclaim, and fly with a Sparrow-hatvJ^^ may 
 eafily know how to keep and deal with all other 
 
 And herein lieth an excellency in the Sparrow-hawk^^ 
 (he ferves borh for Winter and Summer with great 
 pleafure, and will fly at all kind of Game more than 
 the Faulcon. If the Winter-5'/'tfrro«'-/:».«iri;^prove good, 
 (he will kill the Pie, the Chough, the Jay, VVood-cock, 
 Thrufh, Black-bird, Felfare, with divers other Birds of 
 the like nature, 
 
 Hou) to make a Sparrow-hawk, whether Byejl, 
 Bramhert Soar, Mew' A, or Haggard. 
 
 Sparrou>'haw\s are to be confidercd as all other 
 kinds of Hawkj are, according to their age and difpo- 
 fition. 
 
 The feveral kinds o( Spamrv-harvJ^s may be compre-. 
 Inended under thefc five heads > the EyeJJes or NyeJJefy 
 Branchers^ Soars ^ Men? V, and Haggards. 
 
 Eyeffes^ are mewed in the Wood, and are taken in 
 the Eyrie. 
 
 Branchers^ are thofe which have forfaken the Eyrie, 
 and are fed near it by the old ones on Boughs and 
 Branches. 
 
 Sear-harvkf^ arc fo called, becaufe, having forfaken 
 
 the 
 
©f OaM0 antJ S)at0hinfi:* 75 
 
 the Eyrie, and beginning to prey for themfelves, they 
 foar up aloft for pleafurc* 
 
 Mew^d Hatvkf-> are fuch which have once or more 
 (hifted the Feather. 
 
 Laftly, Haggards, are they which prey for themfelves, 
 and do alfo mew in the Wood or at large. 
 
 This diviiion of kindes is not peculiar to the Spar^ 
 rorP'HaTp}{^ but common to all : give me leave to run 
 them over in order as I have fet them down. 
 
 For the Eyrefiox Nyefl, (which is of grcatcft difficul- 
 ty to bring to any perfedion) you muft firfl: feed her 
 in fome cool Room which hath two Windows, the 
 one to the North, and the other to the Eaft, which 
 muft be open, and birred over with Laths, not fo wide 
 for a Haivl^ to get out, or Vermin to come in : ftrow 
 the Chamber with frelh Leaves, and do In every refpedi 
 to this Room as I have ordered in a former Chapter fof 
 the Mewing the Faulcon. 
 
 You mult feed your Eye/? with Sparrows, young Pi- 
 geons, and Sheeps-hearts. WhilU (he is very young 
 and little you (hould cut her meat, or Ihred it intofmall 
 pellets> and feed her twice or thrice a day, according as 
 you hnd her endew it or put it over. 
 
 When (he is full fummed and flieth about, then give 
 her whole fmall Birds, and fometimcs feed her on your 
 Firt, fuffcring her to ftrain and kill the Birds in yout 
 handi and fometimes put live Birds into the Chamber 
 where (he is, that (he may learn to know to foot and to 
 kill them > and let her feed upon them in your prefence : 
 by this courfe you will not oncly neul her, but take 
 her off from that fcurvy quality of hiding her Prey 
 when (he hath feizcd it, a natural property belonging 
 to all EyelTes. Likewife every morning go into the 
 Room, call her to yourFift, whilUe and ufe fuch terms 
 as you would have her hereafter acquainted with. 
 When (he hath put forth all her Feathers and is full 
 
 fumroed, 
 
n6 SDf '^m\^ aitt! 5)atxiktnQ:* 
 
 fummed, then take her out of the Chamber, and fur- 
 nifli her with Bells, Bewets, Jefles, and Lines. 
 
 It wilt be altogether requilite to feel her at 
 firft , that (he may the better endure the Hood 
 and handling: and let it be a Rufter-hood that is 
 large and eafie, which you muft pull off and put on fre- 
 quently, ftroaking her often on the head, till (he will 
 Hand gently. 
 
 In the Evening by Gandle- light unfeel her , giving 
 her fomewhat to tire upon, handling and rtroaking her 
 Feathers gently, hooding and unhooding her as often 
 as you think fit. 
 
 Before I proceed any farther, I (hall inform you how 
 to Seel a Hatvk^zktt the beft manner. Take a Needle 
 threaded with untwifted Thread , and ca(ting your 
 Harvk^M^^ her by the Beak,and put the Needle through 
 her Eye-lid, not right againft the fight of the Eye, but 
 fomewhat nearer the Beak , that (he may have liberty 
 to fee backward s and have efpecial care that you hurt 
 not the Web : then put your Needle through the other 
 Eye-lid, drawing the ends of the Thread together, tie 
 them over the Beak, not with a fl:raight knot, but cut 
 off the Threads near to the end of the knot, and fo 
 twift them together, that the Eye-lids may be raifed fo 
 upwards that the Hanck^xmy not fee at all , but as the 
 Thread (hall flacken, (he (hall be able to fee backwards 
 only, which is the caufe that the Thread is put nearer 
 the Beak. 
 
 when your Eyefs is well won to the Hood , and to 
 the Fi(i, let her kill fmall birds thereon •■> then call 
 her two or three days or longer , till (he will come far 
 off', then take a live Pidgeon tied by the Foot with a 
 Creance, and flir it till your Hawk^ will bate at it and 
 feize it, but not far off" that you may quickly help 
 her at the firli, left the Pidgeon liruggling with her (he 
 prove too ftrong,and fo difcourage your young Hawk - 
 
 then 
 
0f 5)aM0 anti S)ausltinrr. 77 
 
 then let her plume and foot her, and feed her there- 
 upon, whittling the while, that (he may know it ano- 
 ther time : then hood her, and let her plume and tire 
 a little. 
 
 You may ufe her to Trains of Chicken and Quail ; 
 and when (he will feize readily by often Training, ride 
 out with her in the morning into the Fields, where 
 czW'm^youv SparroTV'haivk^io your Fift, and giving her 
 a bit or two, go with your Spaniels to feek fome Beavy 
 of young Quails, advancing your Fift aloft, that your 
 Ji^w^may fee them when they fpring, flying her at ad- 
 vantage : if (he kill reward her, &c. ii (he mifs, ferve 
 her with the Train of a Quail. 
 
 Let your Dogs hunt on your right hand when they 
 range, but efpecially when they queft and call, to the 
 end you may fhe better caft off your Harvk. When 
 your Hin?/; is throughly cntrtd and well nouzled, you 
 may then hold your hand low, for (he will now bate 
 at the Whur : but whaifoever you do, have a quick 
 eye and a good regard to the Spaniels, not coveting to 
 be too near them,but a little above them, that you may 
 let your Harvk. fly coafting at the advantage when the 
 Game fpringeth. 
 
 Of the Brancher, Soar, Mevod, and Haggard 
 Sparrow-hawk. 
 
 Having fpoken of the firft kind of Sparroivhatps^vvL, 
 the Eyefi, the other four in the Title of this Chapter 
 mu(t confequently be difccurfed of. 
 
 I (hall give you but few inftruifrions, for in effedtthe 
 fame Precepts that ferve (or the EyeJI will ferve alfo 
 for the Brancher^ Soar^ Mervd^ and Haggard Han>kj > 
 onely this, thefe four laft require not fo much pains to 
 be taken to make tliem know their Game as the Eyefiy 
 
 becaufe 
 
7S SDf ?)aMjS aitu 5)aMinff. 
 
 beduCe they have been accuftomed to prey for thcm- 
 
 feWes. 
 
 Above all things, the Faulconer muft take them off ^ 
 
 from their ill cuftom of carrying, and that may be done 
 
 by ferving them with great Trains, whelfcby they will 
 
 karn to abide on the (Jarry. 
 
 Be very mindful of coying them as much as you can, , 
 for they will remember a kindnefs or injury better 
 than aiiy other Hawk^ 
 
 If the Harvk^he newly taken, and will not feed, then 
 tub her Feet with warm flelh, whiftling to her, and I 
 fometimcs putting the flelh unto her Beak : if (he * 
 will not yer feed, rub her Feet with a live Bird ■■, if at 
 the crying of the Bird the Haivk^ feizeth it with herr 
 Feet, it is a figne fhc will feed •, then tear off the Sktni 
 and Fcatheris of the Bird's Breaft, and put the Bird ton 
 her Beak, and (he will cat; 
 
 When (he will feed upion your whiftle and chirp, 
 then hood her with a Rufter-hood, and feed her be- 
 times in the morning", and when (he hath endewed, 
 give her a Beaching in the day-time, and every time 
 you hood her, give her a bit or two -, at evening give 
 her the Brains of a Hen for her fupper : and in evefy 
 thing elfe order thcfe Harrh^ aforefaid, as you do the 
 Faukon and the reft. 
 
 Hew to mew Sparrow-hawks. 
 
 Some ufe to put their SparrDrp-harrk^'mto the Mew 
 as foon as they leave flying her, catting off both her 
 Bewcts, Lines, and knots of her JefTcs, and fo leave 
 them in the Mew till they are clean mewed. 
 
 If you will have your Sparrorv-haivk^to fly at Quail, 
 Partridge, or Pheafant-powr, then you mufl: draw her 
 in the beginning oi Aprils and bear her on the Fift till 
 (he be clean and throughly cnfcamed. 
 
 Others 
 
€)f 5)atDlt0 anti 5)aM(nrr> 19 
 
 Others keep their Sparrorv-hawkj on the Pearch un- 
 til March^ and tlien throw them into the Mew, peper- 
 ing them for Lice, if they have any. Her Mew Ihould 
 be a Chamber aloft from the ground, ei)^!ic or nine 
 foot long, and about fix foot broad : her Windows 
 and Pearches mult be like the GcQiawks. 
 
 Her Mew being thus pirovided. in May go in to het 
 in an Evening by Candle-light, and taking her up foft- 
 ly-,pull out all her Train-fcatherS one after another : ( his 
 (hall make her mew the bftcr, cfpccially if you feed her 
 with hot meat and Birds, obferving a certain hour id 
 feed her in. 
 
 Once in fourteen days fet water before her in the 
 Mew : if you perceive (he hath any Feathers or Down 
 which Hand ftlring upon her Back,litting as if (he would 
 rouze, then fet her water fooner. If you put water. 
 by her continually, it delays her Mewing s and to 
 keep it always from her, caufeth her to mew her Fea- 
 thers uncleanly : but water once in a fortnight is the 
 beft Medium for her Mewing between thofe tv*/o ex- 
 tream?. 
 
 Thus having given you a fummary account of mo(f 
 Ha)vkf commonly inufe in England^ and in moll parts 
 oi Europe^ (hewing their Shapes, Complexions, Na- 
 tures, manner of Manning, Reclaiming, Ordering, 
 Luring, Flying, Mewing, &c. I (hall next give you 
 an account of the feveral Difeafes and Maladies they 
 aie fubjedt to, with their proper Cures and Remedies : 
 but before I (hall enter thereon, give me leave to in- 
 form the Ol^rager or Faulconer of his necelTary du- 
 ties. 
 
 Ef] . the 
 
So £)f 5;aMjai mr\ i)mkm^ 
 
 J): € Duty of a Faulconer; with tie cejfary. 
 Rules and Obfervations for him 
 to follow. 
 
 AFaukoner ought to confult and confider the 
 quality and mettle of his Haivkj^ and to know 
 which of them he (hall fly with early, and with which 
 late. 
 
 He muft be fond of his Hawj^^ patient, and cleanly 
 in keeping her from Lice, Mites, and the like Vermin. 
 He muft rather keep his Hatvk^ high and full of fle(h, 
 chan poor and low, which makes them more fub- 
 ]td[ to infirmities than when they are in very good 
 plight. 
 
 Every night after flying, he murt give his Han^k^Cz- 
 fting, fometimes Plumage, fcmetimes Pellets of Cot- 
 ton, and fometimes Phylick, as he fliall find her difea- 
 fcd by her Cafting or Mewr. 
 
 Every night he mult make the place very clean un- 
 der her Pearch, that he may know by her Gafting whe- 
 ther the Hiajj^flands in need of Scourings upwards or 
 downwards. 
 
 Let him remember every Evening to weather his 
 Haxvk^^ excepting fuchdays wherein the hath bathed j 
 after which, in the Evening flie Ihould be put into a 
 warm Pvoom on a Pearch with a Candle burning by 
 her, where flie muft fit unhooded, if flie be not ram- 
 mage, to the intent flie prune and pick her felf, and 
 rcjoyce by enoiling her felf after bathing : and in the 
 morning he ought to weather her, and let her caft, if 
 Hie hath not done it already, keeping her ftill hooded 
 till he carry her to the field. 
 
 In 
 
€)f 5)attilijes anti ?)atuliinfr4 8 1 
 
 In feeding his Hi/rri^he muft have a care of feeding 
 her. with two fons of meat at one time i and what he 
 giveth her muli be very fweer. 
 
 If he have an occafion to go abroad, let him have a 
 care that he pearch not his Hjwi^ too high from the 
 ground, for fear of bating and hanging by the Heels, 
 whereby (he may fpoil her felf. 
 
 He ought to carry to the Field with him Mummy 
 in powder, with other Medicines s for frequently the 
 Hin'j^ meets with many accidents, as bruifes at encoun- 
 ters, &c. neither mult he forget to carry with him any 
 of his ncceffary Hawking-implements. 
 
 Laftly, he mult be able to make his Lures, Hood? 
 of all forts, Jefies, Bewcts, and other needful Furr/- 
 ture for his Hawk^: neither mu(t he be without his 
 Coping-Irons to cope his Haivl^s Beak, if it be over- 
 grown, and to cope her Pounces and Talons, as need 
 Itiall require : neither muft he be without his Gauteri- 
 zing-Irons. 
 
 Let thcfe Inftrudions fuffice, I being willing to leave 
 the reft to the care and obfervation of the ingenious 
 Faulconer* 
 
 Of Difeafes anci dangerous Accidents in- 
 cident to HAWKS, and their 
 feveral Cures. 
 
 IT is neccffary for a skilful Faulcoiier not onely to 
 know how to Man, Reclaim, Keep, Fly, Imp, ..'id 
 Mew his Harvkj, with other things pertinent to that 
 purpofe h hilt alfo to know their Difeafes, with th? 
 proper Cures of them, and other Accidents frequenrlK 
 [ f 2 ] betal- 
 
S2 £Df !l)aW0 aiin paMuitir. 
 
 befalling Haivk^ , both in their Fights and other- 
 ways. 
 
 Before we fhall charadlerize their Maladies and pre- 
 fcribe Rules for their Cures, it will not be irrequifite to 
 tell you that Harvkj.SiS well as men,( which feems fome- 
 what ftrange) have four Complexions, the true indi- 
 cators of their natures : and as in man his natural 
 Compkdtion and Conllitution is known by his Skin, 
 (b is the Temperament and natural Difpofition of a 
 Hatvk by her Coat and Plume. This opinion hath 
 not been onely averr'd by the Ancients, but conhrmed 
 by the modern experience of the Skilful in the noble 
 Art of Hawking. Take it in this manner. 
 
 Faulcons that are black^zrt MelancboUck^^ and are to 
 be phyficked with hot and moift Medicines, becaufe 
 their Complexion is cold and dry \ for which purpofc 
 Aloes, Pepper, Cocks- fielh, Pigeons, Sparrows, Goats- 
 flclli, and the like, are very good. 
 
 Faulcons biaii\^xQ Phlegmatic}^ and niuft have Phy- 
 fick h(<l and dry, becaufe Phlegm is ^old and moift > 
 to which purpofe Cinaman, Cloves, Cardamomum, 
 Goats- flelh, Chouglrs, &c, are very good. 
 
 Faulcons KujJ'ct are Sanguine and Cholerick indiffe- 
 rently mix'd, and their Phylick mull be cold, mode- 
 rately moilt and dry, as Myrtles, Caifia-hrtula, Tama- 
 rind=, Vinc^rar, lambs-ficlh, and Pullets. 
 
 Thus much for the Complexions : Now for the 
 Difcafcs and their Cures. 
 
 "O/Odlings, i^W Mew tings, either good or had 
 
 according to their fever al Complexions 
 
 and Smells. 
 
 C.ilt/iigs arc of two forts, flumai^e^ ot Cotton : the 
 iatt-r is mollcojrimonly given in Pellets, which muft be 
 about the bigncfs of an Hazie-nut, made of line foft 
 
 white 
 
white Cotton : after (he hath fupp'd you muft convey 
 this into her Gorge. 
 
 In the morning diligently obferve how (he hath 
 rolled and calt it, whereby you (hill know whether 
 (he be in a bad or good condition: for example, if (he 
 calt it round, white, not (linking, nor very moi/i or 
 waterifh, you may conclude her found i but if (he roll 
 it not well, but calt it long, with properties contrary 
 to the former, then (he is unfound and full ot Difea- 
 fes. 
 
 Befides, if her Cafting be either black green, yellow- 
 i(h, ilimy, or (linking, it denotes your Han\ to be 
 difeafed. The former Cafiing is remedied by hot 
 meats '■, the latter by feeding her well, and Wdfhing 
 her meats in cool water, as ot' Endive,6^c. and give her 
 one or two Ga(iings of Cotton, incorporating there- 
 with Incenfe and Mummy. Eut if (he continue not- 
 withlknding in this condition, give her an upward 
 Scowring made thus : Take Aloes pulverized ore 
 fcruple, powder of Glove four grains, powder of Gu- 
 bebs three grains s incorporate thefe, and wrap them 
 in Cotton, and give it your Hatfk^cmpiy^ having na 
 meat in her Pannel. 
 
 Cading of Plumage is to be obdrvcd as the former 
 Ca(Hng : that is, if in the morning you find them 
 round and not (linking, it is a good ligne > but if long, 
 flimy, with indigefted flelh (iicking to the fame, and 
 having an ill fcent, it is very bad. Here note, that 
 by how much the more fweet or (linking the Calling 
 is, by fo much is the iizw/^in a better or woife con- 
 dition. 
 
 Metvts mu(l be obferved as well as Caftings, in this 
 manner : If the Mewt be white, not very thick nor 
 clear, having no black fpot in it, or but very little, it is^ 
 allgne of the heakhy conflitution of the tiiin\\ but 
 if it be white and very thick in the middle, though it 
 [ f 3 ] cloth 
 
84 ©f f^mk^ aixt} rpaujkino:* 
 
 doth not import ficknefs, yet it (heweth her to be too 
 grofsand over-full of Greafe i which you muft remedy 
 by giving her moirt meats, as the Heartof a Calf or 
 Lamb,e>'c. and for two mornings after give her fome 
 Sugar-candy., or elfe the Gut of a Chicken well waftit 
 and hll'd with Ovl-Olive : either of thefe will fcour her, 
 and make her to flife freely. 
 
 It is a very bad and mortal fignc, to fee your Har;p}^s 
 Mewt full of variety of colours : therefore you mutt 
 fpeedily prevent enfuingmifchiefs by giving her Mum- 
 my purified and beaten to powder, wrapping it in Cot- 
 ton. 
 
 If -the Mewt be more yellow then white, then doth 
 ihe abound with Choler proceeding from great Flights 
 in hot weather, alfo from much Bating. This is reme- 
 died by wafhing her meat in Buglofs, Endive, Borage, 
 and fuch-like cold Wafers, wringing thefaid meat af- 
 ter you have fo wafhed it. 
 
 The black^Mewt is a moft deadly figne, and if it con- 
 tinue four days (he will peck over the Pearch and die. 
 If (he mewt fo but once, there is no great danger, for it 
 proceeds either from the Blood or Guts ot the Fowl in 
 tiring, or elfe from being gorged with fikhy meats : in 
 this cafe give her good warm meat and Cotton-carting, 
 with the powder of Gloves, Nutm.eg, and Ginger, or 
 Mummy alone. 
 
 If the Mewt be green^ it is a bad (igne, and denotes 
 her troubled with an infccfled and corrupt Liver, or 
 with fomeAportume, unlefs (he be a Rammage-H<;i»'i^, 
 and then that figne holds not good. Her cure is, by 
 feeding her with meat powdered with Mummy i if 
 (be will not take it with her Food, then give it her in 
 a Scowring or Calling: but if this ill-coloui'd Mew- 
 ting contiiuie liill, then give her a Scowring of Agarick, 
 aodatter that another ot Incenfe pulverized to comfort 
 her. 
 
 The 
 
The dark fangmne Mewt with a black in it is the 
 moft deadly llgne of all, and differs but little, if any 
 thing, from the former black Mewt. A Han>h^ mew- 
 ting after this manner is irrecoverable, and therefore it 
 is needlefs to prefcribc a Cure. 
 
 Laftly, the gray Mewt like four Milk, is a mortal 
 token, yet curable, as (hall be fhewn hereafter. 
 
 Thus you fee how requifite it is for a Faulconer to 
 obferve diligently every morning liis Hiw]\s CalVmgs 
 and Mewtings, that knowing thereby their Maladies, 
 he may timely find e out their Remedies. Let us now 
 proceed to their particular Difeafes. 
 
 Of the Catarad. 
 
 The Catara^ in the Eyes of a Harvl{, is a malady not 
 cafily removed, and fometimes incurable, when it is 
 too thick and of a long continuance. 
 
 it proceedeth from grofs Humours in the Head,which 
 frequently do not onely dim, but extinguilh the fight : 
 and fometimes the Hood is the caufe of this mif- 
 chief. 
 
 The cure mufl: be effeded by Scowring her two or 
 three days with Aloes or Agarick: then take the pow- 
 der of waQit Aloes finely beaten one fcruple, and two 
 fcruples of Sugar-candy s mingle thefe together, and 
 with a Quill blow it into your Harvi^^s Eye afflidcd as. 
 aforefaid three or four times a day. This is the gcntlelt 
 and mort Soveraign Medicine of any yet I have tried. 
 But if this will not do, you mult ufe Wronger Medicines, 
 as the juice of Celandine-roots, bathing their eyes often 
 with warm Rofc- water wherein hath been boil'd the 
 feeds of Fenugreek. / 
 
Of the Pantas or Afthma. 
 
 The Tantus is a daDgerous Diftemper, and kwHarvkf 
 cfcape which are afflidted therewith. It happens when 
 the Lungs arc as it were fo baked by exceirive hear, 
 that the Han>]^ cannot draw her breath, and when 
 drawn, cannot well emit it again. You may judge 
 of the beginning, of this Diftemper by the Hatvl^s la- 
 bouring much in the Pannel, moving her Train of- 
 ten up ^nd down at each motion oi her Pannel \ and 
 (he cannot many tinnes mewt or flife> or if (he do, (he 
 drops it fa(\ by her. It is known likewife by your 
 Haivk^s frequent opening her Clap and Beak. 
 
 The beft Remedy is, to fcour your H^b?!;^ with good 
 Oyl-Olive well walhed in feveral Waters till it become 
 clear and white, w;hich you mult do after this manner : 
 Take an earthen Pot with a fmall hole in the bottom 
 thereof, which you mu(t ftop with your Finger i then 
 pour therein yourOyl with a quantity of Water, and 
 coil thefe together with a Spoon till, the Water grow 
 darkifli » after which remove your Finger, and the 
 Vi'arer will run out, but the Oyl remain beiiind floating 
 on the topi thusdofeven or eight times, till you have 
 throughly purified the Oyl : Then take a Sheep's Gut 
 above an Inch long for a Faulcon and Gofhawk, but 
 of lefs length for Icfler Hawks^ and fill it with this 
 Pyl, and taften it with Thread at both ends. Your 
 HzMPJ^ having hrfl cafl: , convey this Cut into her 
 Throat, holding her on the FiU till (he make a A^cwti 
 an hour after (he hath done mcwting feed her with a 
 Calf's Heart or a Pullet's Leg, giving her every third 
 or fourth day a Cotton calting with Cube^s and 
 Cloves. I (hill onely adde one Receipt more for the 
 Vantoi or Aiihm.i^ and that is the Oyl of fweet Al- 
 rrionds pjurcd into a wa(ht Chicken's Gut, and given 
 * the 
 
the Han>k i which is of great efficacy in the cure of this 
 Plfeafe. 
 
 Of Worms. 
 
 There are a fort of Worms an Inch long, which 
 frequently afflid Ha»>kr, proceeding from grofs and 
 vifcous Humours in the Bowels, occafioned through 
 want of natural heat and ill digeftion. 
 
 You may know when (be is troubled with them by 
 her casing her Gorge, her (Unking Breath, her trem- 
 bling and writhing her Train, her croaking in the 
 night, her offering with her Beak at her Breaft or Pan- 
 nel, and by her Mcwt being fmall and unclean. 
 
 You may cure her of them with aScowringof wa(ht 
 Atoes, Hcpatick, Mu(^ard-feed, and Agarick, of each an 
 equal quantity i or the powder of Harts-horn dried ; 
 or lalUy, a Scowring of white Dittander, Aloes, Hepa- 
 tick walht four or hve times, Cubebs, and a little Saf- 
 fron wrapt in Come ilelh, to caufe her to take it the bet- 
 ter. 
 
 Cfthe Filauders, 
 
 There are feveral forts of Filanders^ but I (hall fpeak 
 but of one lacking to the Reins. They are Worms as 
 fmall as a Thread, and about an Inch long, and lie 
 wrapt up in a thin Skin or Net near the Reins of a 
 Havek^y apart from either Gut or Gorge. 
 
 You (hall know when your f/jwJ^is troubled with 
 them, by her poverty, by ruffling her Train, by ftrain- 
 ing th(2 Fill or Pearch with her Pounces, and lallly, by 
 croaking in the night when the Filanders prick her. 
 You mull remedy this Malady betimes, before thefe 
 Worms have enlarged ihemfelves from their proper 
 Ikcion, roving elfew hut to your HarpJ^s ruine and de- 
 itruaion. You 
 
You muft not kill fhem as other Worms, for fear of 
 Impoftumes from their corruption, being incapable to 
 pafs away with the Hatp](s Mewt i but onely ftupifie 
 them, that they may beofFenfi\re but feldom i and that 
 is done thus : Take a head of Garlick, taking away 
 the outmoft rinde •, then with a Bodkin heated in the 
 fire, make holes in (bme Cloves, then ftcep them in 
 Cyl three days, and after this give her one of the Cloves 
 down her Throat, and for forty days after (he will not 
 be troubled with the Filanders. Wherefore a Faulco- 
 ■ner will (hew himfelf prudent, if, feeing his Havi\ 
 low and poor, he give her once a month a Clove of this 
 Garlick for prevention of the Filanders. 
 
 Another approved Medicine for Filanders or 
 Worms in Hawks. 
 
 Take half a doicn Cloves of Garlick, boil them in 
 Milk until they are very tender,then take them out and 
 dry the Milk out of thems then put them into a fpoon- 
 ful o( the be(\ Oyl of Olives you can get , and when 
 fbc hath caft, in the morning give thefe to your Havi>\^ 
 feed her not in two hours after, and be fure it be warm 
 meat, and not much, and keep her warm that day for 
 fear of taking cold i give her the Oyl with the Gar- 
 lick : they muft fteep all night. 
 
 Of Hawks Lice. 
 
 Thefe Lice do moft infeft the Head, the Ply of a • 
 Haivi^s Wings, and her Train. In the Winter you 
 may kill them thus : Take two drams of Pepper bea- 
 ten to powder, and mingle it with warm Water, and 
 with this Lotion wa(h the places infe(\ed with thefe 
 Lice or Mites : then fet your Hawk^ on a Pearch witii 
 
 lieif 
 
ler Back and Train againft the Sun;, then hold in 
 our hand afmall Stick about a handful long, with a 
 )icce of foft Wax at the end oi it, and with that 
 whilft the Han>k is weathering her felf ) take away 
 hofe Vermin crawling upon the Feathers. You may 
 lo well to adde to the Pepper and Water fome Staves- 
 
 cre 
 
 In the Summer-time you may kill the Lice with 
 iuTipgrnemum beaten to powder, and ftrowcd on the 
 >laces where they lie. 
 
 Afafe and eafie way to kill Lice in Hawks. 
 
 Mail your Hawk^ in a piece of Cotton, if not in 
 ome Woollen-Gloath, and put between the Head and 
 ler Hood a little Wooll or Cotton : then take a Pipe 
 ,f Tobacco, and , putting the little end in at the 
 rream, blow the Smoak , and what Lice efcape k.I- 
 ing, will creep into the Cloath. This is a certain 
 vay. 
 
 Hovo to keep and maintain all manner of 
 
 Hawks in health, good plight, 
 
 and liking. 
 
 In the firft place, never give them a great Gorge, 
 Specially cf grofs meats, as Beef, Pork, and fuch as are 
 lard to be endewed and put over. . . ^ „ ^ 
 
 Secondly, never feed them with theHelhot anyBealt 
 :hat hath lately gone to Rut •, for that will infcnfibly 
 leiiroy them. . 
 
 Thirdly, if you are conftrained to give your Han>K. 
 ^roCs food, let it be well (oaked hrl\ in clean Water, 
 md afterwards fufficiently wrung s in Sunjmer with 
 'Old Water, in Winter with luke-warm Water. 
 
 Ever 
 
po ©f 5)aM0 ant! fpaMtng. 
 
 Ever obferve to reward your Hutvk^ with feme goo 
 
 live meat, or elfe they will be brought too low : how 
 
 ever, the ferving them with wafht meats is the way tij 
 
 keep them in health. | 
 
 I (hall conclude how to keep Hawks in perfe(5t healtl ' 
 
 with this moft excellent Receipt. Take Germander 
 
 Pelamountain, Bafil,Grummel-(ccd,and Broom- flower* 
 
 . of each half an ounces Hyffop, Saflifras, Polypodium 
 
 and Horfe-mints, cf each a quarter of an ounce, anc 
 
 the hke of Nutmegs > Cubebs, Borage, Mummy, Mug- 
 
 wort. Sage, and the four kinds of Mirobolans, ofeacf- 
 
 half an ounce ; of Aloes Succotrine the hfth part of ar 
 
 ounce, and of Saffron one whole ounce. AM thefe 
 
 you muft pulverize, and every eighth or twelfth day 
 
 give your Harv]^ the quantity of a Bean thereci with 
 
 their meat. It rhey will not take it fo, put it into a 
 
 Hens Gut tied at both ends, and let him ftand empty 
 
 an hour afcer. 
 
 Of the Formica. 
 
 This is a Diftempcr which commonly feizeth on the 
 Horn oiHawl^ Beaks, which will eat the Beak away : 
 and this is occafioned by a Worm, as mort men are of 
 opinion. 
 
 You may perceive it by this^the Beak will grow rug- 
 ged, and it will begin to feparate from the Head. ° 
 
 To remedy this Malady, vou muft take the Gall of 
 a Bull, and break it into a Difh, and adde thereto the 
 powder of Aloes-Succatrine : mingle thefe well toge- 
 ther, and anoint the Clap or Beak of your HawhjhcxC' 
 with,and the very place where the Formica grows,twice 
 a day i but touch not her Eyes or Nares : continue thus 
 doing till your Harvkja^ perfedtly cured, and bathe her 
 with Orpimcnt and Pepper to keep her from other 
 Vermin. 
 
 Of 
 
. of the Frownce. 
 
 The Frotfnce proceedeth frjom moift and cold Hu- 
 lours which defcend from the Han>l(s Head to the Fa- 
 ,te and root of the Tongue, by means whereof they 
 )fe their appetite, and cannot clofe their Clap. This 
 y fome is called the Eagles-hane » for (he feldom dieth 
 f age, but of the over- growing of her Beak. 
 
 You may know if your Harvk^be troubled with this 
 )iaempcr,by opening her Beak, and feeing whether her 
 fongue be fwoln or no : if it be, (he hath it. 
 
 There are feveral ways to cure this Diftemper, but 
 he beft that ever yet I could find for it, is, onely to 
 ake the powder of Alume reduced to a Salve with 
 Irong wine-vinegar, and wa(h the Happlis Mouth 
 herewith. 
 
 To cure the dry Frownce. 
 
 Take a Quill and cut it in the (hapeof a Pen, and at 
 :he other end tie a fine little Rag \ with one end fcrape 
 Dff the white Skin which you will fee in the Mouth or 
 rhroat of your Hjw>^ until it bleedcth : then with 
 the other end walh it with the juice of Lemon or 
 VVhite-wlne-Vinegar very clean i then take a little 
 burnt Alume, and fome of a Shoe-foal burnt upon 
 Wood- coals and beaten to powder-, mix them, and 
 lay them on the place or places \ but let your Harvk^ 
 have no meat above, nor be ready to be fed : by this 
 1 have cured many. 
 
 OftheV\^. 
 
 The Tij) frequently troubleth Hawk! -, as it doth 
 Chickens, and proceedeth from cold and moiibefs of 
 
 the 
 
^2 S>tl0atiiH aitti ^atnkiitfi:. 
 
 the Head, or from feeding on grofs meat not well waf 
 in warm Water in the Winter, and cold Water in tl 
 Summer. 
 
 The Symptoms of this Diftemper are the Hawl 
 frequent Sniting,and making a noife twice or thrice 
 her Sniting. 
 
 For the Cure hereof, you muft caft your Haxpk^^en 
 ly, and look upon the tip of her Tongue, and if yr 
 find the Pip there, you muft fcour her with a P 
 made of Agarick and Hiera picra given two or thr 
 days together with her Carting at night i this w 
 cleanfe her Head, and the fooner if (he be made to ti 
 againft the Sun in the Morning : Then bind a litt 
 Cotton to the end of a Stick, and dipping it in goc 
 Rofe-water wa(h her Tongue therewith : after th 
 anoint it three or four days with Oyl of fweet Almonn 
 and Oyl - olive well waftied as aforefaid. Having 
 done, you will Hnd the Pip all white and foft: then tall 
 an Awl, and with the point thereof lift up the Pipfoi 
 ly, and remove it, as Women pip ther Chickens, but r 
 move it not till it be throughly ripe i and wet h 
 Tongue and Palate twice or thrice a day with the 
 forelaid Oyl, till ftie be throughly cured. 
 
 How to remedy that Hawk which Endew^ 
 
 eth not , nor Putteth over as 
 
 jhe Jhould do. 
 
 This happens either by being foul within, or by 
 Surfeit i or clfe when (he was low and poor her Keep 
 over-gorged her, by being too haiiy to fet her up, ar 
 (he being weak was not able to put over and endev 
 and furfcited thereupon. 
 
 The Cure whereof is this : You muft feed her wit 
 light meatSjand a little at oncfjas with young Rats an 
 
 an 
 
0tmm& anti i^atukitiff* 93 
 
 md Mice, Chickens or Mutton dipt in Goats-milk or 
 )therwire i or give her a quarter of a Gorge of the 
 'olk of an Egg. 
 
 If you feed her with the flcfli of any living Fowl, 
 irrt fteep it v^^ell in the blood of the fame Fowl, fo (hall 
 'our Harvk^ mount her flefli apace \ if you alfo fcour 
 ler with Pills made of Lard, Marrow of Beef, Sugar 
 md Saffron mixM together, and given her three mor- 
 lings together, giving her alfo a reafonable Gorge two 
 lOurs after. 
 
 ^oiv to make a Hawk feed eagerly that hath 
 loft her Appetite i without hinging her low. 
 
 A Harpl^mzy lofe her Appetite by taking too great 
 jorges in the Evening, which (he cannot well endew i 
 ir by being foul in the Pannel i or fometimes by Colds. 
 
 To remedy which, take Aloes Succotrina, boil'd Su- 
 ;ar, and Beef marrow, of each alike, onely lefs of the 
 Uoes s incorporate thefe, and make them into Balls 
 >r Pills as big as Beans, and give of them to your 
 ^^a Jl^, and hold her in the Sun till (he hath cal^ up the 
 tlth and (lime within her j then feed her not till noon, 
 ,t which time give her good meat » and three days af- 
 er for the fame Difeafe it is good tiring on Stock- 
 loves, fmall Birds, Fvats or Mice. 
 
 How to raife a Hawk that is low and poor. 
 
 The Poverty of a H^wil;, happens feveral ways: ei- 
 her by the ignorance of the Faulconer of fome latent 
 arking Diliemper j or by her foaring away, and fo 
 leing loft four or five days, in which time, finding little 
 ir no Prey, (he becomes poor and lean. 
 
 Tofet her up you mu(\ feed her, a little at once, and 
 ften, with good.meatand of light dig<jftion, as fmall 
 
 Birds 
 
94 S)f f^mu aiitJ 16)iitokntg* 
 
 Birds, Rats, Mice, &c. Or thus : take two fpoonfuls 
 cf Honey, four of frelh Butter, and boil them together 
 in a new earthen pot of Water ■■, then take Pork well 
 wafncd, and iieep it in that Water, giving your Hatvk 
 a rea(ohable Gorge thereof twice a day, warming the 
 faid Water when you intend to feed your HatvJ{\ and 
 get fome Snails that breed in running Waters, and give 
 them her in the morning, and they will not onely fcour 
 away the grofs flimy humours which are within, but al- 
 fo nourifla her exceedingly. 
 
 , ■ ^ 1 
 
 How to remedy a Hawk that is Jlothfuly 
 and jsaverfe to fly i fig. 
 
 A Hzw/^ frequently hath no minde to fly, either by 
 reafon of her ill keeping, that is, when (he is kept by 
 thofe wh6 know not how to give her her Rights, as 
 bouzing, bathing, c^c. or becaufe thejF/^n?l^is too high 
 and full of greafe, or too poor and low : by the firft (be 
 becomes proud and coy, and by the latter fo weak that 
 (he wants Orength and fpirit to perform it. 
 
 For the curing of which Dil^emper, (he ought to be 
 thoroughly view'd by fome skilful Faulconer, by whom 
 fuch Remedies (hould be adminiftred to her as are need- 
 ful for her : but above all, there is nothing like giving 
 her in a morning three or four Pills of Celandine well 
 walht. 
 
 Of Svooln Feet in a Hawk. 
 Jtiarvl^ have Swelling in their Feet upon feveral ac- 
 counts : fometirhes by chaling their Feet in flying their 
 Prey, firiking it, and taking cold thereupon ■-, fometimes 
 for want of rolling or lining the Pearch with fome foft 
 warm cloath i or elfe through grofs humours and 
 foulncfs within, vvhich through exercife drop down in- 
 to their Feet, and fo caufe them to fwell ; laftly, this 
 
 Swelling 
 
DiTeafeies atiti €nttn of |)alt)fe^* 9$ 
 
 fwelling happens by pricks when they fly fiercely into 
 Bu(hes after Game. 
 
 For a Remedy , you muft fcour your Hawk three 
 mornings together with the pills of Lard , Marrow, 
 Sugar and Saffron, and fet her in the Sun : two days 
 after this feed her with good meat : then take Bale- 
 Armoniack , and half the quantity ot Sanguis VracO' 
 nU » and having made them into powder, temper them 
 well together with the White of an Egg and Rofe-wa- 
 ter, and anoint her Feet twice a day three or four days 
 together, fetting her on fome Cloth to keep her Feet 
 warni. 
 
 How to fcour Hawks hefore you ctift them 
 into the Mew. 
 
 when Mewing-time is come, you muft fcour and 
 cleanfe your Hawks \ for in luring and flying time by 
 ifoul feeding they ingender Filanders and other Diltem- 
 pers, whereof they die for want of timely care and cure. 
 
 When you fet down your Hawk ufe the fame as you 
 find Page 24<5, which will not only kill the Worm, but 
 fcour a Hawk alfo. 
 
 The beft way is, ( when you mean to caft a Hawk 
 into the Mew ) firft to fcour her well according to for- 
 mer directions, to cope her, and fet her up well in flefti, 
 todifcharge her as near as you can of all Difeafes , alfo 
 to free her from Mites and Lice, to fet her Water,{bme- 
 times to feed her with young Rats, Mice, Dogs-fle(h^ 
 Pigeons, Rabbets, and now and then with fome liquid 
 thing and meats laxative. 
 
 Take notice of this fpecial Obfervation : A Hag- 
 gard is not to be caft in loofe to the Mew , but is to 
 be mewed on the Fift ■■, for otherwife (he will be- 
 come too coy and ftrange : and if ftie fall to bating 
 
 Cs] and 
 
9^ Difeafeis ann Curejs of 5)aUiltsf. 
 
 and beating herfelf for heat, then muft you hood hci 
 up, or befpout her with cold water, which is the readi- 
 eft way to make her leave Bating. 
 
 You muft continue her on the Fift till (he begin to 
 fhed her Feathers i then fet her down, and tie her to a 
 Stone or Pearch , as you do the reft •, and after ftie 
 hath mewed and comes to fly , then let her ftand on a 
 Block or Billet cafed or rolled. In the fame manner 
 mew GoUiawks, Tierces, and Sparrow-hawks i onely 
 they will not be born on the Fift, but be at hberty in 
 the Mew, andvery cleanly fervcd. 
 
 Fifteen or twenty days before you draw your Hawk 
 out of the Mew , you muft begin to abate her of her 
 diet, the fooner and better to enfeam her. And forget 
 not to feed her with waflied meat, which will prevent 
 many dangers that may follow. 
 
 Many more Difeafes there are incident , and Acci- 
 dents happening to Hawks, of which with their Cures 
 there are large Difcourfes written in Italian , French 
 and Englijh , and therefore I thought fit to infert in 
 this place no other Maladies than what moft ufually 
 occur ; If you defire to be further fatisfied , I (hall re- 
 fer you to thofe larger and ( it may be ) lefs ufeful 
 Volumes. 
 
 An 
 
An Abftrad 
 
 Of fuch 
 
 STATUTE-LAWS 
 
 As concern 
 
 HAWKING. 
 
 STat.ii H. 7. cap. 17. BOItC (tjaH UU OUt 
 oftfteJOeftait)? €m^ of f atiicon, c^af= 
 J)aM, Lanner, o^^tuan, m pant of a peat 
 anu a naj^gi impia'onment , ano to incui- a 
 jfine at t\)t il^uln:0 pieafure, to be HiUiisets 
 tetluiict tije ^KiixQ nm tlje otoner of t\\t 
 ^lotttm tnljete tfje €m^ fljall be Co takein 
 
 I I, ii^one ftjail bare anp JpaM of Cnglil!) 
 teeU calleti an €per0, ^jDOftjatok^Caflel nan- 
 tter, Lnnneret, o? jf atiicon^ in pain to forfeit 
 tbefametotljeJl^iing. 
 
 I I I, ipe tbat btintjis an €jef0 from beponti 
 tbe ^ea, fljall |)atie a Certificate luiiser tfje 
 Cuftomer0 Seal Uiljere fte lanti-s , o? if out 
 of Scotland, tften uuner t(je Seal of tfte !Lo?ti= 
 OLlartien oi im Lieutenant, teftifping tljat 
 (be 10 a fo^rein "^mk^ upon tlje like pain of 
 fo^feitinn: tbe ^pauik^ 
 
 I V, i^one fljall take o^ fear atnap ani? of 
 tbe 5)auiki3 abobefain from tbeir €obert?5 
 tuberetbep ufe tob^eetJ, in pain of loi. to 
 be recoberet! before ^ufticeis of I0eace3 and 
 tiibineti betUJijct tlje Emg ann tbe jp?ofecu- 
 to|, 
 
 • [g2] . Stat, 
 
 'fe. 
 
^8 ^tf^nmim. 
 
 Stat. 34 Edw. 3. cap. 22. ^ 5)aM taltett up 
 ftall fcetielttieteti to Uje ^ftenff, UjJo afcec 
 proclamation mane iit tftc ® ackct-CoUjnjs 
 of tfjeComttp (ifdjallengcQ) fl)all neitet 
 Ijccto tljenn:6t omtu 
 
 I f- 31f tlje ipaluk tiiere taken up hv a mean 
 man, ann ht not cftallengeti initljin jfoui: 
 ^onetW, tfje mtti^ (fiall Detain 6er, ratify 
 fpimy tfte pattp foi takino: fieci Ijut if Ijp a 
 man of ^ftate, tuljo maj> con^enfentlp keep 
 an Datnk^tlje ©fjenffajalfrcfto^e Ijee to fjim 
 aixainjljeanfiuennufoetlje cfjargeof keep- 
 ino: Ijer. 
 
 1 1 1. 3,f anj) no take atoap o? conceal a 
 ^aick, fie (Ijall anfiuee tfie lvalue thereof to 
 tfte otDner , anti fuffet tloo ^eatjs impnfxm- 
 ment » ann in cafe Ije lie not able to anftoer 
 tlje \3alue3 Ije fijall temain in l??ifon a lonffec 
 time* 
 
 srat.37 Edw. 3. cap. ip. ![)e tfjat ffeal0 aim 
 carrier aii3ap an ipaiukj not ofafemng tftc 
 £D?timance of 34Edw. 3.22.fljau tieueemeUa 
 ifelon* 
 
 FINIS. 
 
THE 
 
 GENTLEMAN'S 
 
 ^Recreation : 
 
 Containing 
 
 DIRECT RULES 
 
 For the Famous Game of 
 
 FOWLING: 
 
 With Inftruffions for the taking of 
 
 all manner of LAND and 
 
 WATERFOWL. 
 
 Whether by Fowling-piece, Net, 
 Engine, orotherways. 
 
 With a fliort Account of 
 
 Singing-Birds. 
 
 To which is added 
 
 An Abftraa of all Statute or Penal- 
 Laws relating to that curious Art. 
 
 "Clje C6it5 patt* 
 
 London : Printed by jF. C. and /^ C. for N» Co 
 
lOI 
 
 # 
 
 J^ 
 
 m 
 
 ^^^♦2 
 
 
 O F 
 
 FOWLING: 
 
 OR, 
 
 The compleat ^rt and Secrets of 
 , Fowling, either by Water or 
 by Land^accordingto ancient and 
 modern Experience. 
 
 Wljat Fowling is ; with the nature and diverfity 
 of aH manner o/FowI. 
 
 FOWLING is ufed tworranner of ways : 
 either by Enchantment^or Enticement s by vvin- 
 ning or wooing the Fowl unto you by Pipe, 
 Whiftle, or Call \ or elfe by Engine, which unawares 
 furprizeth them. 
 
 Fowl are of divers forts, which alter in their nature 
 as their Feathers i butbyreafon of their multiplicity, 
 I Qiall for brevity-fake diftinguiOi them ondy into two 
 kinds, Land and Water-Fowl. 
 
 [g4] ^"^ 
 
102 Of iToMirto:* 
 
 The Water-fowl are fo called from the natural de- 
 light f hey ftill take vn and about the Water , gathering 
 from thence all their food and nutriment. 
 
 Here note, that Water-fowl are in their own nature 
 the fubtileft and wifeft of Birds, and moft careful of 
 their own fafety : Hence fhey have been formerly com- 
 pared to an orderly and well-governed Camp, having 
 Scouts on land afar off, Courts of Guards, Sentinels,and 
 all forts of other watchful Officers furrounding the bo- 
 dy, to give an alarm on any approach of fteming dan- 
 ger. 
 
 For in your obfervation you may take notice , that 
 there will be ever fome ftraggling Fowl , which lie a- 
 loof from the greater number , which ftlU call firft. 
 Now it is the nature of Water-fowl to fly in great ^ 
 Flocks, having always a regard to the general fafety > 
 fo that if you fee a fingle Fowl, or a couple fly toge- 
 ther, you may imagine they have been fomewhere af- 
 frighted from the reft by fome fudden amazement or 
 apprehenfion of danger : but fo naturally are they in- 
 clined to fociety, that they feldom leave wing till they 
 meet together again. And this is occafioncd not only 
 by the near approach of men, but alfo by the beating of 
 Haggards on the River?, as alfo by the appearance of 
 the very bold Buzzard and Hing-taih 
 
 Of Water-fowl there are two forts \ fuch as live of 
 the water, and fuch as live on the water : the one ta- 
 king their fuftenance from the water without fwHnming 
 thereon, but wading and diving for it with their long 
 Legs : The other are Web-focted and fwim, as the 
 Svpan^ Gonfe , Mallard^ 8cc. 
 
 Of 
 
SDf jrotoHnn;. 105 
 
 0/ the Haunts of Fowl. 
 
 THc thins of ereateft moment for the Fowkr to un- 
 derftand, is the Haunts of Fowl. In order there- 
 unto you are to underftand, that all forts of greater 
 FowUiz. thofe who divide the foot, have their refi- 
 dence by the edge of Rivers that are (hallow, Brooks, 
 and Plafties oi water : and thefe appear not m V locks, 
 but you fhall fee here one fingle, there a couple, and the 
 likev which makes them difficult to be taken by En- 
 gine or Device •, but they are the bcft flights for Haw]^ 
 that can be imagined. 
 
 Likewife thefe Fowl delight m low and boggy pla- 
 ces i and the more fedgie, marilh and rotten tuch 
 grounds are, the fitter they are for the hauntmgofthele 
 
 \hey love alfo the dry parts of drowned Fens,which 
 are overgrown with tall and long Rulhes, Reeds, and 
 
 Sedges. , ._ , 
 
 Laftly they delight in half-drowned Moors, or the 
 hollow vales of Downs, Heaths, or Plains, where there 
 is Ihelter either of Hedges, Hills, Tufts of BuOies or 
 Trees, where they may lurk obfcurely. 
 
 Now the leffer Fowl, which are Web-footed, haunt 
 continually drowned Fens , where they nnay have 
 continually plenty of Water, and may fwim un- 
 difturbed by man or beaft : Their haunt is likewife 
 in the m.ain Streams of Rivers, where the Current 
 is fwifielt and leaft fubjed to freez •, and the broader 
 and deeper fuch Rivers are, the greater delight thefe 
 Fowl take therein , the fFiid-gofe and B^^m^c/e ex- 
 cepted, who abide no Waters above their foundmg i 
 for when they cannot reach the Ouze , they inftant- 
 Iv remove thence, feeking out more (hallow places. 
 ^ Thele 
 
104 2Df f oMtno;. 
 
 Thefe two laft named are infinitely delighted with 
 green Winter-corn , and therefore you (hall fee them 
 evermore where fuch Grain is fown , efpecialiy if the 
 ends of the Lands have much water about them. 
 
 Like wife thefe fmaller Fowl do very much frequent 
 fmall Brooks, Rivers, Ponds, drowned Meadow?, Pa- 
 ftures, Moors, Plafhes, Meres, Loughs and Lakes, efpe- 
 cialiy if well ftored with lHands unfrequented, and well 
 furniflied with Shrubs , Ba(hes, Reeds, f^c. and then 
 they will breed there, and frequent fuch places both 
 Summer and Winter. 
 
 The readieji way of taking great Fowl 
 with NETS. 
 
 THe firrt thing you are to confider , is the making 
 of your Nets, which muft be of the beft Pack- 
 thread, with great and large Mefhes, at leaft two In- 
 ches from point to point : for the larger the Mefties 
 are, ( fo that the Fowl cannot creep through ther-D ) 
 the better it is » for they more certainly intangle 
 them. 
 
 Let not your Nets be above two fathom deep, and 
 (ix in length , which is the greateft proportion that a 
 man is able to overthrow. Verge your Net on each 
 fide with very ftrong Cord, and extend it at each end 
 upon long Poles made for that purpofe. 
 
 Having thus your Nets in readinefs, let the Fowler 
 obferve the haunts of Fowl, that is to fay, their Mor- 
 ning and Evening feedings, coming at lealt two hours 
 before thofe feafons j then fpreading his Net fmooth 
 and flat upon the ground, flaking the two lower ends 
 tirm thereon, let the upper ends ftand extended upon 
 the long Cord, the farther end thereof being ftaked 
 
 fait 
 
SDf JToUJlinff* IG5 
 
 faft down to the Earth two or three fathom from the 
 Net •, and let the ftake which ftaketh down the Cord 
 (land in a dired and even line with the lower Verge of 
 the Net, the diftance ftil! obferved : then the other 
 end of the Cord, which muft be at leaft ten or twelve 
 fathom long, the Fowler fhall hold in his hand at the 
 uttermoft diftance aforefaid, where he ftiall make fome 
 artificial (belter either of Grafs, Sods, Earth, or fuch 
 like matter, whereby he may lie out of the fight of the 
 Fowl. 
 
 Obferve to let the Net lie fo ready for the Game, 
 that upon the leaft pull it may rife from the Earth and 
 fly over. 
 
 Strew over all your Net, as it lies upon the ground, 
 fome Grafs, that you may hide it from the Fowl. It 
 will not be amifs ( but altogether requifite ) to ftakt* 
 jdown near your Net a live Hern, or fome other Fowl' 
 
 /formerly taken, for a Stale. When you obferve a com- 
 petent number of Fowl come within the verge of your 
 Net, then draw your Cord fuddenly, and fo caft the 
 Net over them : Continue thus doing till the Sun be 
 near an hour high, and no longer i for then their fee- 
 ding is over for that time i and fo do at Evening from 
 about Sun-fet till Twilight. By this means you may not 
 only take great quantities of larger Wild-fowl, but alfo 
 Tlover , jwhich takes his food as much from Land as 
 Water. 
 
 How to take fma/l Water-fowl with Nets. 
 
 LEt your Nets be made of the fmalleft and ftrongeft 
 packthread, and the Mefties nothing near fo big 
 as thofe for the greater Fowl, about two foot and a 
 half or three foot deep? line thefe Nets on both fides 
 with falfo Nets, every Mefti being about a foot and 
 
 a 
 
io6 £[)f fomuxv;. 
 
 a half fquare each way, that as the Fowl ftrikethei. 
 ther through them or againft them, fo the fmaller Net 
 may pals through the great MeOies , and fo ftreighten 
 and entangle the Fowl. ° 
 
 Thde Nets you muft pitch for the Evcning-flight of 
 Fowl before Sun-fet, flaking them down on each fide of 
 the River about half a foot within the water,the lower 
 fide of the Net being fo pIumbM that it may fink fo far 
 and no farther : Let the upper fide of the Net be pla- 
 ced flantwife, Oioaling againft the water, yet not touch- 
 ing the water by near two footi and let the ftrines 
 which fupport this upper fide of the Net be faftned fo 
 fmal yielding Sticks prickt in the Bank, which as the 
 fowl ftrikesmay give liberty to the Net to run and 
 entangle them. Thus place feveral ofthefeNets over 
 divers parts of the River, about twelvefcore one from 
 another, or as the River or Brook fhall give leave ; and 
 be confident , if any Fowl come on the River that 
 night, you (hall have your (hare. 
 
 And that you may the fooner obtain your defire take 
 your Gun and go to all the Fens and Plafhes that are a 
 good diftance from your Nets, and fire it three or four 
 times i which will fo affright the Fowl, that they will 
 inliantly poft to the Rivers i then plant your Nets upon 
 thefe Fens and Pla(hes. ^ 
 
 In the Morning go firft to the River and fee what 
 f-owl are there furprized i and having taken them up 
 with your Nets, if you efpy any Fowl on the River 
 dilcha^ge your Gun, which will make them fly to the 
 tens and Pla(hes, and then go and fee what you have 
 taken : Thus you (liall be fure to be futnifhed with 
 fome, though there be never fo few abroacf . 
 
 ■1 
 
 Hofp 
 
jDf f otDling. '°7 
 
 Horn to take aU manner offmall Birds 
 with Bird-Lime. 
 
 •IN cold weather, that is to fay, in Ftoft or Snow, all 
 1 forts offmall Birds do congregate in Flocks,as Larks, 
 
 StZcm, &c. all thefe but the LarKio perch on Trte 
 orBulhesas well as feed on the ground If you per- 
 ceive they refort about your Houfe or Fields ad, acent. 
 then ufe your Bird-lime that is well prepared, and not 
 over oUi'^order it after this manner ; Take an Earthen 
 diO. and put the Bird-lime into it , and add thereunto 
 feme fre(hLard,or Capons-greafe,pu.t,ng an ounce o 
 either to a quarter of a pound of Bitd-lime . then let- 
 dngt over the fire, let it melt gently together i bu 
 tit not boil by any means, for if you do you w.l 
 take away the ftrength of the Bird-lime, and fo fpoil it. 
 Havinrthos prepared it, get a quantity of Wheat-cars 
 as many as you think you (hall conveniently ufe, and 
 cutT Straw about a foot long befides the Ears i hen 
 froti the bottom of the Ears to the middle of the Straw 
 mTi about fix inches : the Lrmc muft be warm when 
 TOU lime the ftiaw, that fo it may run thin upon the 
 Traw and therefore the lefs difcernable , and confe- 
 auentlv not fufpefled by the Birds. 
 ^ Havng thus got your Lim'd-ftraws in this tnanner 
 leadv RO into thifield adjacent toyourhoufe,and carry 
 a bag of Chaff and thieOit Eats, and fcatter thefe toge- 
 {h« twenty yards wide,(it is beft in a Snow]then take 
 heLimM-earsandftickthem up and down with the 
 Ears leaning.or at the end touching the ground i then 
 ret e from the place,and traverfe the grounds all round 
 about ; the Birdshereupon beingdifiurbed in their other 
 ; haunts fly hither,and pecking at the ears of Co.n,hnding 
 that they fiick unto them, they ftiaightwajs mount up 
 
io8 ©fjFotnlmff. 
 
 from the Earth, and in their flight the Bird-Iimb'd 
 ?„Trt>""i" *rt ^'"«'' ""^ f^I«"g are no able 
 uif f S."'"''"' '^"•^ "'^ S'--' -'J f"" "' -• 
 By the way take this caution; do not go and take 
 up five or fix you fee entangled, for that may hinde 
 tC T/I' kT '^'^'".8 'h'ee or four dozen at one 
 time. If tney be L^r^x that fall where your Eird-lim'd 
 
 uZ'^f°t^rr'"fV^'"' "" *'y 'Pontaneouf. 
 ly rile of themfelves, ar,d flying in great Flocks i I can 
 afl-ure you I have caught five dozen at one lift 
 
 rov^s reVop^hammtrsS^c. who refort near to Houfes, 
 and frequent Barn-doors, where you may 'eafily take 
 them after the fame manner as aforefaid. The , Iking 
 for fh^"^' 1' ""^8^"' ^"'^' '" 'he Husbandman, 
 of a fLTR'"j '"^ '^' ^l'"'"^ principal Enemies 
 
 W m r Zn ?"" K°^ ^^'™"^ "l^^" >•>' 'hem in the 
 «i h. ; ] / V'^r '^""'" ''f Wheat before Har- 
 
 the top of yourHoufe if thatcht i and though you ne- 
 
 IreacYdv'^' '"'''' S;''."^^ ''^"™^»'°" "^ "''- «" b™ 
 
 lert find a"'''" '^"'" ^''^'- "^hc %r™:. is excel- 
 lent tood, and a great reliorer of decayed Nature. You 
 
 h7J(ef °bf ' "'"' " 'r" '" '^^ Eaves of ThatAt- 
 houles, by coming m the night with a Clap-ret and 
 ruboing the Net againit the hole where they'^are flying 
 darkJlini h^ ^^Net together, and forfake'them? hf 
 
 Having performed your Moniing Birdine-recrea. 
 ion go bait the fame place where %u werf before 
 and bait It wKh frefl. Chaff and Ea^ of Con, and 
 
 let 
 
Of f oMinff* I op 
 
 :t them reft till next Morning j then take fome frefti 
 Vheat-ears again , and ftick them as aforefaid : and 
 /hen you bait in the Afternoon , take away all your 
 .im'd Ears, thatfo the Birds may feed boldly, and not 
 € frighted or difturbcd againft next Morning. 
 
 How io take Great Fowl with 
 LIME-TWIGS. 
 
 VOu muft fupply your felf with good ftore of Rods, 
 which are long, fmall, and ftraight- grown Twigs, 
 leing light and apt to play to and fro. 
 
 Lime the upper-part of thefe Twigs, holding the 
 lird-lime before the fire, fo that it may melt, for the 
 )etter befmearing them. 
 
 Having tirft well acquainted your felf where thefe 
 fowl do frequent Morning and Evening , you muft 
 hen obferve before Sun-fet for the Evening-flight, and 
 before day for the Morning, that you plant your Lime- 
 wigs where thefe Fowl haunt, pinning down for a 
 itale one of the fame Fowl alive C which you have 
 brmerly taken for that purpolej which you intend to 
 ratch with your Bird-lime. Round about the Stale 
 giving the Fowl liberty to flutter to and fro ) prick 
 ;our Twigs in rows a foot diftant one from the other, 
 ill you have covered all the place fo haunted, that there 
 hall be no room left, but that they muft certainly fall 
 oul with the Lime-twigs. 
 
 Prick the Rods floaping with their heads bending 
 hto the Wind about a foot or fomewhat more above 
 ground : If you pleafe ( and 1 think it the beft way ) 
 'ou may crofs-prick your Rods, that is, one point in- 
 .0 the wind , and another againft the wind j by which 
 
 means 
 
no £)f fotDiine:* '! 
 
 meinsydu rriay tak6 the Fowl which way foevct they 
 
 come. -. ., 
 
 Place alfo a Stale fome diftance from your Limetwigs, 
 and faftenfmall ilrings to it , which upon the fight of 
 any Fowl you mull pull , then will your Stale flutter, 
 which will allure them down. 
 
 If you fee any taken, do not run inftantly and take, 
 them up if you fee any Fowl in the air-, for by their 
 fluttering others will be induced to fwoop in among 
 them. It will riot be athifs to have a well-taught Spa- 
 niel with you for the retaking of fuch Fowl ( as it is 
 common) which will flutter away with the Limetwigs 
 about them. „ ^ 
 
 If you intend to ufe thcfe Twigs for fmaller Wild- 
 fowl,and fuch as frequent the water only, then muft you 
 fit them in length according to the depth of the River ; 
 and your Lime muft be very llrong Water-lime, fuch a^ 
 no wet or froft can injure. Prick thefe Rods in the wa- 
 ter, as you did the others on the Land, as much of the 
 Rod as is limed being above water s and here and there 
 among your Rods you muft ftake down a live Stale, as 
 a Mallard, a Jndgeon or leal : and thus you may do in- 
 any Iballow Plafti or Fen. 
 
 You need not wait continually on your Rods, but' 
 come thrice a day, and fee what is taken, viz. early in 
 the Morning, at high Noon, and late in the Evenings* 
 but come not unattended with your Water-fpaniel : 
 for if you perceive any of your Rods milling, you may 
 conclude fome Fowl are fattned to them which art 
 crept into fome Hole, BuOi, or Sedge by the River fide 
 and then will your Dog be very neceifary for the difco- 
 
 very. 
 
 Do not beat one Haunt too much , but when yoi 
 find their numbers fail, remove and find out another 
 and in three weeks time your firft will be as good a: 
 
 0, 
 
£DfjroMmjr* III 
 
 Of the great and lejfer SPRINGES. 
 
 HAving noted the Morning and Evening feeding 
 of dividcd-footed-Fowl, obferving the Furrows 
 and Water-Trap's where they ufually lialk and pad- 
 dle to find Worms, Float-Grafs-roots , and the like i 
 you muft mark wiierc many P^urrows meet in one, and 
 break out as it were into one narrow paflagc, which 
 fo defcending, afterwards divides it (elf into other 
 parts and branches \ then mark bow every Furrow 
 breaketh and cometh into this Center or little Pit, 
 which is mod paddled with the "Fowl, or which is ea- 
 fieft for Fowl to wade in : This being done, take fmall 
 and (hort Sticks , and prick, them crofs-wife athwart 
 over all the other pafTages , one Stick within half 
 an Inch of the other , making as it were a kind of 
 Fence to guard every way but one which you 
 would have the Fowl to pafs : if they fland but fome- 
 what more than a handful above the Water, fuch 
 is the nature of the Fowl that they will not prcfs o- 
 ver them , but ftray about till that they find the open 
 way. 
 
 Having thus hemmed in all ways but one , take 
 a ftiff Stick cut flat on the one fide , and prick 
 both ends down into the Water, and make the upper 
 part of the flat fide of the flick to touch the water, and 
 no more ; then make a Bow of fmall Hazel or Wil- 
 low made in the falhionofa Pear, broad and round at 
 one end , and narrow at the other , at leafl a foot 
 long, and five or fix Inches broad, and at the narrow 
 end make a fmall nick : then take a good ftiff-grown 
 plant of Hazel , clean without knot , three or four 
 Inches about at the bottom , and an Inch at the top, 
 [h] .nd 
 
and having made the bottom-end (harp, at the top you 
 muPf falten a very ftrong Loop of about an hundred 
 Hoife-hairs plaited very fa(i together with ftrong Pack- 
 thread, and made To fmooth that it will run and flip 
 at pkafure : Let the Loop be of the juft quantity of 
 the hoop, made Pear -wife as aforcfaid; then hard by 
 this Loop you mull faden a little broad thin Tricket 
 within an Inch and half of the end of the Plant, 
 which muft be made equally (harp at both ends : thruft 
 the bigger Iharp end of the Plant into the ground clofe 
 by th? edge of the water , the fmaller end with the 
 Hoop and the Trickcr mull be brought down to the 
 hrll Bridge, and then (he Hoop made Pear-wife being 
 laid on the Bridge, one end of the Tricker mulf be 
 fet upon the nick of the Hoop, and the other end a- 
 gaina a nick made on the fmall end of the Plant, 
 which by the violence and bend of the Plant (hall 
 make- them Hick and hold together until the Hoop be 
 moved. 1 his done, lay the Swickle on the Hoop in 
 iuch fa(hion as the Hoop is proportioned i then from 
 each tide of the Hoop prick little Sticks, making an 
 impaled path to the Hoop •, and a5 you go farther and 
 farther from the Hoop or Springe , To make the way 
 wider and wider, that the Fowl may enter a good way 
 before it (hall perceive the Fence. By this means the 
 Fowl will be enticed to wade up to the Springe, which 
 IhiU be no fooner toucht, b\it that part of the Bird Co 
 touching will beinlhntly cnfnared: And thus according 
 tothelhengthofthe Plant you Ihall take any Fowl of 
 what bignels foever. 
 
 The Springe forklTer Fowl, as iFoodcock^^ Snipe.Plo' 
 vcr, O'X. is made after the faihion aforefaid, only differ- 
 ing in Urength according untb the bignefs of the Birds 
 you intend to catch. 
 
 Tne main plant or Sweeper you may make ot Wil- 
 low, Ofier,or any ftick that will bend and return to its 
 proper llraightncfs. ^"^^ 
 
£Df jfoMinn:* 113 
 
 This device is for the Winter only, when much wet 
 is on the ground, and not when the Furrows are dry. 
 Now if the waters be frozen, you muft nriake plafhes ; 
 and the harder the Froft, the greater refort will there 
 be of thefe fmaller Fowl. 
 
 Of the F^O W L I N G-P I E C E a^^the 
 STALKING-HORSE. 
 
 THat is ever efteemed the beft Fowling-piece which 
 hath the longeft Barrel, being hve foot and a half 
 or fix foot long, with an indifferent bore, under Har- 
 quebufs. 
 
 Provide the beft fort of Powder as near as you can, 
 and let it not be old , for keeping weakens it much, 
 efpecially if it grow damp i therefore when you have 
 occafisn to ufe it, dry it well in a Fire-fhovel, and lift 
 it through a fine Searcher to take away that duft which 
 hindreth the more forcible effects, and fouleth yout 
 piece. 
 
 Let your Shot be well fized, and of a moderate big- 
 nefs i for if it be too great, then it fcatters too much : 
 if too fmall,it hath not weight nor ffrength futficient 
 to do execution on a large Fowl. 
 
 Shot being not to be had at all times, and in all 
 places, fuitable to your occafions and defires , I fhall 
 therefore here fet down the true procefs of making all 
 forts and fizes under Mould-fliot. 
 
 Take what quantity of Lead you pleafe , and melt 
 it down in an Iron VefTel, and as it melts keep it ffir- 
 ring with an Iron-Ladle, and clear it of all impurities 
 whatfoever that may arife at the top by skimming 
 them off. Then when the Lead begins to be of a 
 
 [h 2] green- 
 
114 €>f jFotoU'njy. 
 
 greenifh colour, ftrewon it Aunpigmzntum finely pow- 
 derecl, as rriuch as will lie on a Shilling to i2 pound of 
 Lead. Then liir them together, and the Auripigmen- 
 turn will flame. 
 
 Your ladle ought to have a Notch on one fide of 
 the Brim for the more eafie pouring out of the Lead » 
 and the ladle ought to remain in the melted Lead, that 
 the heat may be agreeable to it, to prevent all incon- 
 veniencies which may happen through excefs of heat 
 or cold. Then try your Lead by droping it into wa- 
 ter. If the drops prove round, then the temper of 
 the heat is right •, but if the Shot have Tails , then 
 there is want both ot heat and Auripigmentum. 
 
 Then take a Copper-plate about the fizeofa Tren- 
 cher-plate, with an hollownefs in the midlt about three 
 inches compafs, with about forty holes bored accor- 
 ding to the fize of the Shot you intend to call. The 
 hollow bottom (hould be thin, bat the thicker the brim 
 the better, becaufe it will longer retain the heat. Place 
 it on an Iron frame over a Bucket of water, about 
 four Inches from it, and fpread burning Coals on the 
 plate to keep the Lead melted upon it. 
 
 Then take up fome Lead and pour it gently on the 
 Coals on the plate, and it will force its way through 
 the holes into the water, and form it felf into Shot. 
 Thus do till all your Lead be run through the holes of 
 the plate : obferving to keep your Coals alive , that 
 the Lead may not cool, and fo (lop up the holes. Whilit' 
 you are calling your Shot, another perfon may catch 
 fome of the Shot with another Ladle, placed four or 
 iive inches ( underneath the bottom of the plate ) in 
 the water, and by that means you may difcern if there 
 are any defcdis in your procefs, and redifie them. 
 
 The chief bufinefs is to keep your Lead in a juft de- 
 gree cf heat, that it be not fo cold as to fill up the holes, 
 nor fo hot as to make the Shot crack. To remedy 
 
 the 
 
the coolnefs of your Lead and plate , you muft blow 
 your Coals j to remedy the heat, you mult refrain 
 working till it be cool enough , obferving , that the 
 cooler your Lead, the larger your Shot j the hotter, the 
 fmaller. 
 
 When you have caft your Shot, take them out of 
 the water and dry them over the fire with a gentle 
 heat, and be fure to keep them continually IVirred that 
 they melt not. When they are dry you are to fepa- 
 rate the great Shot from the fmall,by the help of Sieves 
 trade on purpofe, according to their feveral fizes. If 
 you would have very large Shot, you may with a ftick 
 force the Lead to trickle out of your Ladle into the wa- 
 ter without the plate. 
 
 If it ftop on the plate, and yet the plate be not too 
 cool, give but the plate a little knock, and it will run 
 again. Take care that none of your Inftruments be 
 greafie. When you have feparated your Shot, if asiy 
 prove too large for your purpofe, or any ways imper- 
 fe6t, 'tis only your pains loft, and it will ferve ag'iin at 
 your next operation. 
 
 In (hooting, obferve always to (hoot with the wind, if 
 poffible, and not againft its and rather fide-ways, or 
 behind the Fowl, than full in their fac':s. 
 
 Next, obferve to cliufe the moft convenient fhelter 
 you can find, as either Hedge, Bank, Tree, or any 
 thing elfe which may abfcond you from the view of the 
 Fowl. 
 
 Be fure to have your Dog at your heels under good 
 command, not daring to ftir till you bid him, having 
 firft difcharged your Piece : for fome ill-taught Dogs 
 will upon the fnap of the Cock prefently ru(h our, and 
 fpoil all the fport. 
 
 Now if you have not (lielter enough, by reafon of 
 
 the nakednefs of the Banks and want of Trees , you 
 
 muft creep upon your hands and knees under the Biaks, 
 
 1^ h 3 ] and 
 
ii6 £)f iToMutg* 
 
 and lying even flat upon your Belly ,put the nofe of youic 
 Piece over the Bank, and fo take your level » for a 
 Fowl is fo fearful of man , that though an Hawk were 
 foaiing over her head, yet at the fight of a man (he 
 would betake her felf to her wing, and run the rifque 
 of that danger. 
 
 But fometime it fo happeneth that the Fowl are fo 
 (hie, there is no getting a (hoot at them without a Stal- 
 king-horfe, which mu(t be fome old Jade trained up 
 for that purpoic, who will gently, and as you will have 
 him, walk up and down in the water which way you 
 pleafe fiodding and eating on the Grafs that grows 
 therein. 
 
 You muft flicker your felf and Gun behind his fore- 
 fhoulder, bending your body down low by his fide,and 
 keeping his body (iill full between you and the Fowl ; 
 being within (hot, take your level from before the fore- 
 parr of the Horfe, (hooting as it were between the hor- 
 fcs Neck and the water '•, w^hich is much better than 
 fiiooting under his Belly, being more fecure, and lefs 
 pcFceivcable. 
 
 Now to fupply the want of a Stalking-horfe,which 
 will take up a great deal of time to inlhudt and make 
 fit for this excrcife, you may make one of any pieces of 
 old Canvas, which you muii (liape into the form of an 
 Horfe, with the head bending downwards as if he gra- 
 zed. You may Uulf it with any light matter \ and do 
 not forget to paint it of the colour of an horfe, of 
 which the brown is the belt •, and in the midft let it be 
 iix'd to a Staff with a fliarp Iron at the end, to flick 
 into the ground as you (hall fee occalion, (landing faft 
 whiUi you take your level. 
 
 Itmu(i be made fo portable, that you may bear it 
 with cafe in one hand, moving it fo as it may feem to 
 graze as you go. Let the flaturc of your artificial Sfal- 
 king-hoife be neither too low nor too high , for the 
 
 one 
 
one will not abfcond your body, and the other^will be 
 apt to frighten the Fowl. 
 
 Inftead of this Stalking-horfe, you may talhion out 
 of Canvas painted an Ox or Cow : and this change is 
 necelTary , when you have fo beaten the Fowl with 
 your Stalking-horfe, that they begin to tind yo^r ae- 
 ceit, and will no longer endure it, (as it frequently talis 
 out.) Then you may (talk with an Ox or Cow, till the 
 Stalking-horfe be forgotten , and by this means make 
 your fport laftingand continual. 
 
 Some there are that ftalk with Stags or Red-Deer 
 form'd out of painted Canvas, with the natural Horns 
 of Stags fixt thereon, and the colour fo lively painted, 
 that the Fowl cannot difcernthe fallacy i and thefe are 
 very ufeful in low Fenny grounds, where any fuch Deer 
 do ufually feed •, and are more familiar with the Fowl, 
 and fo feed nearer them than Ox,Horfe,or Cow: 
 by which means you (hall come within a far nearer di- 
 ilance. 
 
 There are other dead Engines to ftalk withal, as an 
 artificial Tree, Shrub, or Bu(h, which may be made of 
 fmall Wands, and with painted Canvas made into the 
 (hape of a Willow, Poplar, or fuch Trees as grow by 
 Rivers and Water -fides •, for thefe are the heft. 
 
 If you ftalk with a Shrub or Bufti, let them not be 
 fo tall as your Tree,but much thicker \ which you may 
 make either of one entire Bu(h, or of divers Builies 
 interwoven one with another, either with fmall Wi- 
 thy-wands, Cord, or Pack-thread, that may not be dif- 
 cerned ; and let not your Bulh exceed *the height of a 
 man, but be thicker than four or five, with a Spike at 
 the bottom to ftick into the ground whilft you take 
 your level. 
 
 [h4 3 ^^^^ 
 
Hov^ to take all manner of Land fowl hy 
 day or night. 
 
 Qlnce thedilTolution and fpoil of Paiadifc, no map 
 y hath C.Cher (len, or can give the names of all 
 Land-fowl wharever,there being fuch great variety e- 
 very Country producing fome particular forts which 
 are U!:iknown to other Nations, 
 j^^ J° ^^«i^ P'^olixity, I (hall rank them under two 
 
 The firft are fuch who are either fit for Food or 
 
 1 icalure, cither for eating or linging : for eating, Pi- 
 ?^m- of all forts, Rook Vh^afant , Fartridge, guails, 
 Rad, Felf arcs. Sec, and for eating or finginr" the 
 fitf''"'' ^^'''^^^'^ ^'&b^'^'g^le. Linnet, L.r^fand W 
 
 Secondly fuch as are for Pleafure onely, and they arc 
 all nian^ner of birds of Prey, as Cajhels, King^ails, Buz- 
 s^uTas^ OiC. 
 
 The general way of taking thefe Land -fowl of fe. 
 vera! (c)rts together, is either by day or by night. If bv 
 day, It IS done with the great Net, commonly called the 
 0-.n;^«.f and not at all differs in length, depth, big. 
 nets of Mclh, manner of laying, &c. from the PW- 
 net i onely it will not be amifs if the Cords be Ion- 
 ^cr. 
 
 This Net you may lay before Barn-doors, or where , 
 L>ornhath been winnowed, alio in Stubble-fields, fo 
 concealing the Net that the Fowl may not difcern the 
 ^nare. VVhen you perceive a quantity within the Net 
 icraping for f jod, and you lie concealed afar off, with 
 your Cord m your hand fuddenly pull the Net over 
 upon them. 
 
 You may do well to take notice of their Morning 
 
 and 
 
md Evening Haunts, to worni and feed upon the 
 Greenfwarth s and here lay your Net, and it will prove 
 aseffeaualas in other places, fo that you obferve to 
 abfcond your felf in fome Covert fo as not to be def- 
 cried : in the next place, pull not too haftily, but wait 
 for a good number of Fowl within the Net , and then 
 pull ffeely and quickly •, for the leal\ deliberation after 
 the Net is raifed, is the ruine of your delign. 
 
 Thus much for Day-fowling with the Net: now if 
 YOU will profecute your fport by Night you muft do 
 it according to the nature and manner of the Country, 
 orfituation or faftiion of the ground, whether Woody, 
 Mountainous, or Champain. a r .u 
 
 ■ In plain and Champain Countries you muft ufe the 
 Lorr-M, from the end of O^ohr until the end of 
 March •, and this method you muft follow. 
 
 The day being ftiut in, the air mild without Moon- 
 (hine, take a Lorv-he% ( which muft have a deep and 
 hollow found, for if it be ftiriU it is ftark naught ) and 
 with it a Net whofe Mefti is twenty yards deep, and lo 
 broad, that it may cover hve or fix Lands or more, ac- 
 cording to the company you have to carry it. With thele 
 Inftruments go into any ftubble Corn-field, but Wheat 
 is the beft. He that carries the Bell muft go foremoft, 
 tblingthe Bell as he goes very mournfully,letting it but 
 liow and then knock on both fides : after him rouft fol- 
 low the Net,born up at each corner and on each fide by 
 feveral perfons^ then another muft carry fome Iron or 
 ftony VelTel which may contain burning, but not bla- 
 zing Coals,and at thefe you muft light bundles ot ftraw : 
 or you may carry Links with you. And having pitcht 
 your Nets where you think the Game lies , beat the 
 ground and make a noife, and as rhe Fowl rife they 
 will be entangled in the Net. Thus you may take good 
 (lore ot Partridge, Kails, Lark^, ^ails, &c. 
 
 Having fo done, extinguilh your Lights, and pro- 
 
I20 s^floMitto:* 
 
 ceed laying your Net in fome other place as before- 
 mentioned. 
 
 Here note,that the found of the Lorv-bell makes the 
 Birds lie clofe, fo as they dare not Itir whilft you are 
 pitching the Net, for the found thereof is dreadful to 
 them s but the fight of the Fire much more terrible, 
 which makes them inftantly to fly up, and fothey be- 
 come entangled in the Net. 
 
 Furthermore, if you intend to have the full fruition 
 of your fport, you muft be very filent, and nothing muft 
 be heard but the found of the Low-hell till the Net is 
 placed and the Lights blazing i but as foon as they are 
 extinguifhed a general filence mull be again. 
 
 The Trammel is much like this Net for the Low- 
 hell^ and may be necefiarily ufed on the fame grounds ', 
 onely it ought to be longer , though not much broa- 
 der. 
 
 When you come to a place fit for your purpofe 
 where Birds lodge on the Earth , you (hall then fpread 
 your Trammel on the ground \ and let the farthell: end 
 thereof, being plumb'd with Lead , lie loofe on the 
 ground j but \tt the foremoft ends be born up by two 
 men, and fo trail the Net along, keeping the foremoft 
 ends a yard or more diftance from the ground. 
 
 On each fide of the Net carry Wifps of Straw light- 
 cd, or Links, and let fome beat the ground with long 
 Poles » and as the Birds rife under the Nets, take them. 
 And thus you may continue doing as long as you pleafe, 
 to your great profit and pleafurc. 
 
 Of 
 
£)f f olulinfi;* 
 
 121 
 
 0/BAT-FOWLlNG. 
 
 BAt'FOlVLlNG is the taking of all mann.r 
 of Birds, great and fmall,by night, which rooft m 
 Butties, Shrubs, Hawthorn-trees, &c. 
 
 The manner is : you mult be very filent tiU your 
 Lights are blazing, and you may either carry Nets or 
 none: if none, you muft then have long Poles with 
 great buttiy tops hxt to thems and having from a Cr#J 
 or vefTel to carry hre in,lighted your Straw,or other bla- 
 zing combulVible matter, then muft you beat thofe Bu- 
 (lies where you think Birds are at rooft i which done, 
 if there beany in thofe Butties or Trees, you will in- 
 Itantly fee them fly about the Flames : for it is their na- 
 ture, through their amazednefs at the ftrangenefs of 
 the Light, and extream darknefs round about it not 
 to deptrt from it, but they will even (corch their Wings 
 in the fame, fo that thofe who have the buQiy Poles 
 may beat them down as they pleafe, and take them up. 
 Thus you may continue your fport as long as it is very 
 dark, and no longer. 
 
 Of the DAY-NET, and how to take 
 Birds therewith. 
 
 THe VayNet is generally ufed for the taking of 
 Lark^s, Buntings, Merlins, Hobbies , or any Birds 
 which play in the Air, and will ftoop either to Stale, 
 Prey, Gig, Glafs, or the like. , . ,, 
 
 The feaion for thefe Nets is from Augufi to Novem- 
 ber: the time you muft plant thefe Nets muft be be- 
 
 tore 
 
122 f)f f oMittff* 
 
 fore Sun-rifing. Where note, the milder the Air, the 
 brighter the Sun , and the pleafanter the Morning is, 
 the better will your fport be , and of longer continu- 
 ance. 
 
 Let the place you ele6l: for this purpofe be plain and 
 Champain, either on Barley -ftubbles, green Lays, or 
 level and flat Meadows > and thefe places muft be re- 
 mote from any Villages , but near adjacent to Corn- 
 fields. 
 
 The fafhion of a Day-net is this : you muft make 
 them of fine Packthread , the Mefli fmall, and not a- 
 bove half an Inch fquare each way i let the length be 
 about three fathom , the breadth one fathom and no 
 more : the (hape is like the Crow-net, and it muft be 
 verg'd about in the fame manner with a ftrong fmall 
 Cord, add the two ends extended upon two fmall long 
 poles fuitable to the breadth of the Net , with four 
 flakes, Tail-ftrings, and Drawing-lines , as afore-men- 
 tioned : only whereas that was but one fingle Net,here 
 muft be two of one length, breadth and fafhion, Thefe 
 Nets muft be laid oppofite to each other, yet fo clofe 
 and even together, that when they are drawn and pul- 
 led over, the fides and edges may meet and touch one 
 the other. 
 
 Thefe Nets being ftaked down with ftrong Stakes 
 very ftiffly on their Lines, fo as with any nimble twitch 
 you may caft them to and fro at your pleafure i you ftiall 
 then to the upper ends of the foremoft ftaves faften your 
 Hand -lines or drawing Cords , which muft be at the 
 leaft a dozen , a fathom long j and fo extend them of 
 fuch a reafonable ftreightnefs , as with little ftrength 
 th6y may raife up the Nets and caft them over. 
 
 When your Nets are laid, fome twenty or thirty pa- 
 ces, beyond them place your Stales, Decoys, or playing 
 Wantons , upon fome pearching Boughs , which will 
 not only entice Birds of their own Feather to ftoop, 
 
 but 
 
but 3\^oHawk and Birds of Prey to fwoop into your 
 
 Nets. til* 
 
 Remember to keep the firft half dozen you take aUve 
 
 for Stales, and to that end have a Cage or Linnen-bag 
 
 to put them in: The reft fqueez in the hinder-part ot 
 
 the head, and To kill them. And thus do every day. 
 
 Of taking fmall Birds which ufe Hedges 
 and Bujhes with Lime-twigs. 
 
 THe great Limc-bu(h isbeft for this ufe, which you 
 muft make after this manner : Cut down the 
 main Arm or chief Bough of any bufhy Tree , whofc 
 branches or Twigs are long, thick, fmooth and ftja'ght, 
 without either pricks or knots •, of which the VVillow 
 or Birch-tree are the beft : when you have pickt^ it 
 and trimm'd it from all fuperfluity, making the Twigs 
 neat and clean i take then of the beft Bird-lime , well 
 mixed and wrought together with Goofe-greace or Ca- 
 pon's-greace, which being warmed, lime every Twig 
 therewith within four fingers of the bottom. The body, 
 from whence the branches have their rife,muft be un- 
 touchM with Lime. • . , u 
 
 Be fure you do not dawb you Twigs with too much 
 Lime, for that will give diftafte to the Birds i yet let 
 none want its proportion, or have any part left bare 
 which ought to be toucht : for, as too much will deter 
 them from coming , fo too little will not hold them 
 when they are there. 
 
 Having fo done, place your Bufti on feme Quick-let 
 or dead Hedge neer unto Towns- ends, back-yards, old 
 houfes, or the like •, for thefe are the refort of fmall 
 Birds in the Spring-time : in the Summer and Harveft 
 in Groves, Bulhes, White-thorn-trees , Quick-fet-hed- 
 
 ges, 
 
124 £Df jFoMttto:. 
 
 ges neer Corn-fields,Fruit-trees, Flax and Hemp-lands i 
 and in the winter about Houfes, Hovels, Barns, Stacks, 
 or thofe places where ftand ricks of Corn, or fcattered 
 GhalT, &c. 
 
 As near as you can to any of thefe haunts plant 
 your Lime-bufh, and plant your felf alfo at a conveni- 
 ent dirtance undifcovered , imitating with your mouth 
 the feveral Notes of Birds, which you muft learn by fre- 
 quent pradice, walking the Fields for that very purpofe 
 often, obfcrving the variety of feveral birds founds, ef- 
 pecially fuch as they call one another by. I have known 
 fbme fo expert herein, that they could imitate the 
 Notes of twenty feveral forts of Birds at leaft,by which 
 they have caught ten Birds to anothers one that was 
 ignorant therein. 
 
 But if you cannot attain to it by your induftry, you 
 murt then buy a Bird-call^ of which there are feveral 
 forts, and ealie to be framed, fome of Wood, fome of 
 Horn, fome of Cane, and the like. 
 
 Having firfl: learned how to ufe this Call, you (hall 
 fit and call the Birds unto you 5 and as any of them 
 light on your Bufh , ftep not to them till you fee 
 them fufficiently entangled : Neither is it requilite to 
 run for every iingle Bird, but let them alone till more 
 come, for their fluttering is as good as a Stale to entice 
 more. 
 
 This Exercife you may ufe from Sun-R.illng till 
 ten a clock in the Morning, and from one till almoft 
 Sun-fet. 
 
 You may take thefe fmall Birds with Lime-twigs 
 onely, without the Bulli. When I was a boy, 1 have 
 taken two or three hundred fmall Twigs about the 
 bignefs of Rufhcs, and about three Inches long , and 
 have gone with them into a field v/here were Hemp- 
 cocks s upon the tops of half a fcore , lying all round 
 together, J haveltuck my Twigs, and then have gone 
 
 and 
 
SDfJfoMmff. 125 
 
 and beat that field, or the next to it, where I faw any 
 Birds j and commonly in fuch fields there are infinite 
 numbers of Linnets and Green-birds which are great 
 lovers of Hemp-feed. I fay, they fly in fuch vaft flocks, 
 I have caught at one fall of them upon the Cocks eight 
 dozen at a time. 
 
 But to return, there is a pretty way of taking Birds 
 withLime-twi^'S, by placing near them a Stale or two 
 made of living Night-baits, placing them aloft , that 
 they may be vifible to the Birds thereabouts ■■> which 
 will no fooner be perceived, but every Bird will come 
 and gaze, wondering at the ftrangenefs of the fight: 
 then they having no other convenient lighting-place 
 but where the Lime-twigs are,ycu may take what num- 
 ber you lift of them. 
 
 But the Owl is a far better Stale than the Bat, being 
 bigger, and more eafily to be perceived •, befides, he is 
 never feen abroad, but he is followed and perfecuted by 
 all the birds near adjacent. 
 
 If you have not a living Bat or On?/, their skins will 
 ferve as well being fluffed , and will laft you twenty 
 years. There are fome have ufed an Oa-l cut in Wood, 
 and naturally painted, with wonderful fuccefs. 
 
 It i? flrange to me that this Bird above all others 
 fhould be fo perfecuted by all Birds whatfoever , efpe- . 
 cially by the Goofe i and therefore fome arch Cracks in 
 Lincoln-Jhire and other places where are great quanti- 
 ties of Gee/e, obferving their tempers, have made great 
 advantage of then) i for by only throwing a live Otpl 
 among a flock of Geefe, they got as many Quills as they 
 knew what to do with j for the Ge^/^ endeavc'uring to 
 beat the On?/ with their wing?, never left till they did 
 beat the Quills out of their wings , and commonly the 
 beftj which axe Seconds. 
 
 Hoi» 
 
126 £)fjroMmff* 
 
 HoU) to make the heH fort ofBlrd-linte, 
 and how to ufeit, 
 
 TAke at Midfummer the bark of Holly, and pill it 
 from the Tree, fo much as will fill a reafonable 
 big Veflel \ then put to it running Water, and fet it o- 
 ver the fire, and boil it till the grey and white bark rife 
 from the green, which will take up fixteen hours in the 
 boiling : then take it from the fire , and feparate the 
 barks after the water is very welldrain'd away : then 
 take all the green bark, and lay it on the ground in a 
 clofe place and moift floor, and cover it over with all 
 manner of green Weeds, as Hemlock, Docks, Thifiles, 
 and the like* thus let it lie ten or twelve days , in 
 which time it will rot, and turn to a filthy llimy matter. 
 Then take it and put it into a Mortar, and there bsat 
 it till it become univerfally thick and tough, without 
 the difcerning of any part of the bark or other fub- 
 ibncej then take it out of the Mortar, and carry it to 
 a running Stream, and there wafh it exceedingly, not 
 leaving any more or foulnefs within it ■, then pat it up 
 in a very clofe Earthen pot, and let it ffand and purge 
 for divers days together, fcumming it as often as any 
 foulnefs arifes for four or five days : when you perceive 
 no more Scum, you (hall then take it out of that Pot, 
 and put it into another clean Earthen Vcffel, cover it 
 clofe, and keep it for your ufe. 
 
 When you are about to ufe your Lime, take what 
 quantity you think fit and put it into a Pipkin, adding 
 thereto a third part of Goofe-greace or Capons-greace 
 finely clarified , and fet them over a gentle fire , and 
 there let them melt together, and (fir them continually 
 till they are well incorporated : then take it from the 
 fire, and IHr it till it be cold. 
 
 When 
 
^DfjfcMfnrf* 127 
 
 When your Lime is cold, take your Rod^ and warm 
 them a little over the Hre ^ then take your Lime and 
 wind it about the tops of your Rods, then draw your 
 Rodsafunder one from the other, and clofc them again, 
 continually plying and working them together, till by 
 fmearingone upon another, you have equally bcftowed 
 on each Rod a fufficient proportion of Lime. 
 
 If you lime any Strings, do it when the Lime is ve- 
 ry hot and at the thinnell, befmearing the Strings ori 
 all fidesj by folding them together and unfolding them 
 again. 
 
 If you lime Straws, it muft be done likewife when 
 the Lime is very hot, doing a great quantity together, 
 as many as you can vvcll grafp in your hand, toiling 
 and -working them before the fire till they are all be- 
 fmear'd, every Straw having his due proportion of 
 Lime: having fo done, put them up in cafes of Leather 
 till you have occafion to ufe them. 
 
 Now to prevent the freezing of your Lime either 
 as it is on Twigs, Budies, or Straws, you murt adde a 
 quarter as much of the Oyl called Tetrohum as of your 
 Gapons-greafe, mix them well together,and then work 
 it on your Rods, &c. and fo it will ever keep fupple, 
 tough, and gentle, and will not be prejudiced ihould it 
 freeze never fo hard. 
 
 The heft and moH Experienced way of making 
 Water ^Bird-lime. 
 
 Uy what quantity you think fit of the ftrongeft 
 
 Bird-lime you can procure , and wa(h it as long 
 
 in a clear Spring-water till you find it very pliable, and 
 the hardnefs thereof removed j then beat out the wa- 
 ter extraordinary well, till you cannot perceive a drop 
 to appear, then dry it well s after this, put it into a 
 Pot made of Earth, and mingle therewith Capons- 
 
 C i ] gieafe 
 
12% Of f oMnte;. 
 
 greafe unfalted, fo much as will make it run ••, then 
 adde thereto two fpoonfuls of ftrong Vinegar, a fpoon- 
 ful of the bert Salkt-Oyl, ai^d a fmall quantity of Fe- 
 lice-Turpentine : This is the allowance of thefe In- 
 gredients, which mi^ft be added to every pound of 
 I'trong Bird-lime, as aforefaid. Having thus mingled 
 them, boil them all gently together over a fmall fire, 
 rtirring it continually \ then take it from the fire and 
 let it cool : When at any time you have occafion to u(e 
 it, warm if, and then anoint your Twigs or Straws, or 
 any other fmall things, and no Water will take away 
 the (hength thereof. This fort ot Bird-lime is the beft, 
 tfpecially for Snipes and Felfares. 
 
 In what manner a man may take Snipes 
 with this Bird-lime. 
 
 Ake what number you fhall think moft expedient 
 for your purpofe, of Birch-twigs, and lime fifty 
 or fixty of them very well together. After this, go 
 and fcek but th^fe places where Snipes do ufually fre- 
 quent, which you may know by their Dung. 
 
 In very hard froliy or fnowy Weather, where the 
 Water lies open, they will lie very thick : Having ob- 
 fcived the place where they molt feed, fet two hun- 
 dred of your Twigs, move or lefs, as you pleafe, at a 
 yard dillance one from the other, and let them ftand 
 lli^aping fome oneway and fome another', then re- 
 tire a convenient dilhncefrom the place, and you (hall 
 find there (hall not or.e Snipe in ten mifs your Twigs, 
 by rcafon they (piead their Wings, and fetch a round 
 clofeto the ground btf)re they light. When you fee 
 any taken, (tir not at firli, for he will feed with the 
 Twi^s under his Wings i and as others come over 
 the place, he will be a means to entice them down to 
 
 him. 
 
£DfjroMmfi:* 120 
 
 him. When you fee the Coaft clear, and but few that 
 are not taken,you may then take up your Birds,faftning 
 one or two of them, that the other flying over, may 
 light at the fame place. If there be any other open 
 jplace near to that where your Twigs are planted, you 
 muft beat them up : The reafon why they delight to 
 haunt open places, and where Springs do gently run, 
 is becauie they cannot feed, by reafon of their Bills, in 
 places that are hard and ftony i and about thefe Pla- 
 fties, in fnowy Weather, they very much refort. 
 
 The wanner of taking Felfares hy Water- 
 ^ Bird-lime. 
 
 A Bout Michaelmofj or when the cold Weather be- 
 gins to come in, take your Gun and kill fome 
 Felfares i then take a couple of them, or one may 
 ferve, and faften them to the top of a Tree, in fuch 
 manner that they may feem to be alive : Having fo 
 done, prepare two or three hundred Twigs, take a 
 great Birchen- bough, and therein place your Twigs, 
 having firft cut off all the fmall Twigs i then fet a 
 F elf are upon the top of the bough, making of him faft, 
 and let this bough be planted where the Felfares do re- 
 fort in a Morning to feed j for they keep a conftant 
 place to feed in, till there is no more food left. By this 
 means others flying but neer,will quickly efpie the top- 
 bird, and fall in whole flocks to him. I have feen at 
 one fall three dozen taken. 
 
 P 
 
 How to take Pigeons with Lime*tmgs. 
 
 Igeons are great devourers and deftroyers of Corn j 
 
 wherefore when you find any ground much fre- 
 
 [^12] quented 
 
quented by them, get a couple of Pigeons, either deati 
 or alive i it dead, put them in fuch a ftifFpofture as if 
 they were living and feeding*, then at Sun-rifing take 
 a quantity of Twigs, as many as you think fit, let 
 •them be fmall, fbut I judge Wheaten-ftraws are bet- 
 -tcr for this purpofe ) and lay them up and down where 
 your Pigeons are placed, and you (hall find fuch fport 
 ^t every fall that is made, that you may quickly be rid 
 of themAvithout offending the Statute: If there come 
 good flights, you may eafily take four or five dozen of 
 them in a morning. 
 
 Huw to take Mag-pies, Crows, ^;/^Glcads 
 with Lime-twip. 
 
 Hen you have found any Carrion on which 
 CroTvs, Pits, Kites, Sec. are preying upon, o- 
 ver night fct your Lime-twigs every wliere about the 
 Carrion , but let them be fmall, and not fet too thick i 
 if othcrwifc, being fubtilc Birds, they will fufpedtfome 
 danger or nnfchicf deligncd againlf them. When you 
 perceive one to be fad, advance not to him prcfently i 
 for moll: commonly when they arefurcly caught, they 
 are not fenliblc thereof. 
 
 You may take them another way, and that is by 
 joynhig to a Packthread fcveral Noofes of Hair up and 
 down the Packthread, and peg it down about a yard 
 from the Carrion : for many tiroes when they have 
 gorten a piece of FlelTi, they will be apt to run away to 
 feed by thcmfelves i and if your Noofes be thick, it is 
 two to one but fome of the Noofes catch him by the 
 
 Lcgs^ 
 
 iipa^ 
 
Hoiv to take Rooks when they pull up the , 
 Corn ly the Roots. 
 
 T 
 
 'Ake fome thick Brown-paper, and divide a (heet 
 into eight parts, and make them up like Sugar- 
 loaves 5 then lime the infide of the Paper a very lit- 
 tle s C let them be limed three or four days before 
 you fee them ) then put fome Corn in them, and lay 
 threcfcore or more of them up and down the ground i 
 lay them as near as you can under fome clod of Earth, 
 and early in the Morning before they come to feed ^ 
 and then ftand at a dirtance, and you will fee molt ex-- 
 cellent fpbrt ■-, for as foon as Rookr^ Crows., or Pigeons 
 come to peck out any of the Corn, it will hang up- 
 on his head, and he will immediately fly bolt upright 
 fo high, that he (hall foar almolt out of fight j and 
 when he is fpent, come tumbling down as if he liad 
 been (hot in the Air. You may take them at Plough- 
 ing-time when the Kookj and Crorvs follow the Plough ; 
 but then you mult put in Worms and Maggots of the 
 large(t fize. 
 
 How to take Birds with BAITS, either 
 Land or Water-fowl. 
 
 IF you have a defire to take Hmfe-doves^ Stocky Joves^ 
 KooJ^/, Coughs^ or any other-like Birds, then take 
 Wheat, Barley, Fetches, Tares, or other Grain, and 
 boil them very well with good (lore of Nux vomica m 
 ordinary running water : when they are almolt boil'd, 
 dry and ready to burif, take them off the fire, and fet 
 them by till they be throughly cold. Having fodone, 
 fcatter this Grain in the Haunts of thofe birds you 
 
 [13] have 
 
13* SDf f otDling* 
 
 have a mind to take -, and as foon as they have f afted 
 hereof, they will fall down into a dead fwound, and (hall 
 not be able to recover themfelves in a good while. 
 
 And as yoa take thefe great Land-fowl with this 
 drunken device, fo you may take the middle and Imal- 
 ler fort of Birds, if you obferve to boil with what food 
 they delight in, a quantity of this Nux vomica. 
 
 Some, ioftead of Nux vomica^ ufe the Lees of Wine, 
 the (harper and quicker they are, the better, boiling 
 their Grains in thefe Lees,alfo Seeds or any other food, 
 and ftrewing them in the Haunts of thofe Birds you 
 would furprize. Thefe do as tffe<i^ually as Nux vomi" 
 ca-i and it's the cleanlier and neater way, there being 
 not that poyfonous quality in them. 
 
 You may chufe whether you will boil your Grain or 
 Seed in the aforefaid Lees i for they will be every whit 
 aseifedtual ifonely (keped a confiderable while there- 
 in, giving them leave to drink in the Lees till they are 
 ready to burfl: before you ufe them. 
 
 Others, having neither Nax vomica^ nor Wine-lees, 
 take the Juice of Hemlock, and fteep their Grains there- 
 in, adding thereto fome Hcnbane-leed or Poppy-feed, 
 cauGng them to be infufed therein four or five days i 
 then draining the Grain or Seed from the Liquor,ftrcw 
 them as atorefaid. The Birds having tailed hereof, are 
 immediately taken with a dizzinefs, which will conti- 
 nue fome hours, fo that they cannot flie i but they will 
 recover again, if you kill them not. U you intend thein 
 for food, let them be iirrt recovered. 
 
 Thus much for the Land \ now let us fpeak of the 
 Water-fowl. 
 
 The ready way by Bait to take fuch Fowl as receive 
 part of their food by land, and part by water, 2islVild' 
 geefe^ Barnacle^ Grey-plover, Mallard^ Curlew, Shovehr, 
 Bitter, Bujiard, with many more ; I fay, the bell way 
 fny experience hath found out is, to take Bellengc- 
 
 leaves. 
 
leaves, Roots and all, and having clcan(ed them very 
 well put them intoaVefTd of clear running Water, 
 and there let them lie in (kep twenty tour hours i 
 then never ttiift them from the Water, but boil them 
 together till the Water be almoft confumed ; then take 
 it off, and fet it a cooling. Then take a quantity 
 hereof, and go to the Haunts of any of the atoreiaid 
 Fowl, and there fpread of this Bait in fundry and di- 
 vers places i and thofe that ftiall tafte hereof will be 
 taken with the like drunken diziinefs as the former. 
 To make this Confedion the more effedual, it will be 
 requifite to adde a quantity of Brimltone thereunto m 
 its boiling. 
 
 How to recover Fowl thus entranced. 
 
 If you would reftore any of thefe entranced Fowl to 
 their former health, take a little quantity of Sallet-oyl, 
 according to the ftrength and bignefs of the Fowl, and 
 drop it down the Throat of the Fow 1 •, then chafe the 
 head with a little ftrong White -wine- Vinegar, and the 
 Fowl will prefently recover, and be as well as ever.^ 
 
 And thus much for taking Fowl of all forts by Bails. 
 
 A woH excellent and approved way how to take 
 the HERN. 
 
 A Bern is as great a devourer of Fi(h as any is i nay 
 fome dare affirm, ten times as much as an 0«er, 
 and (hall do more mifchief in one week than an Omt 
 (hall do in three months ; for I have been told by one 
 that hath feen a Hern that hath been (hot at a Pond, to 
 have had feventeen Carp at once in his Belly, which 
 he will digeft in fix or feven hours, and then betaKe 
 ° ["14] himfelt 
 
154 SDf fatDlmn;* 
 
 himfclf ro fifhing again. I have been informed by a- 
 iiotlicr, that he d^w a Carp taken out of a Herns Belly 
 which vvas nine Inches and an halt long. 
 
 Several Gentlemen that have kept Htras tame, have 
 put r iih in a Tub, and tried the Hern how many fm^H 
 Koaches and Vace he would eat in a day, and they have 
 found him to eat about lifty in a day, one day with a- 
 nother. 
 
 One Hern (hat haunts a Pond, in a Twelvemonths 
 time, (hall dcliroy a thoufandStore-C^/r/^j •, and when 
 Gentlemen fue their Ponds, they think their Neigh- 
 bours have robbed them, not in the leart confidering an 
 Hern is able to devour them in half a years time, if he 
 put in half as many more. 
 
 Now imcc this ravenous Fowl is Co deftrudivc to 
 Popds and Filh of the River, it will be very neceflary 
 to find out a way to deltroy that, thatdeftroys fo ma- 
 ny •> which may be done in this manner. 
 
 Eilaving found out his haunt, get three or four fmall 
 Roaches or Dace-i and have a Itrong Hock with Wyre 
 ro it, draw the Wyre jult within the skin of the faid 
 Filh, beginning without fide oi the Gills, running of 
 it to the Tail, and then the Fi(h will live live or. fix 
 days. Now if the Filh be dead, the Hern will not 
 meddle with him. Let not your Hook bee too ranki 
 then having a firong Line with Silk and Wyre, about 
 tvvo yards and a half long, (if you twift not Wyre 
 with your Silk, the fharpnefsof his Bill will bite it in 
 two immediately J snd tye a round Stone about a 
 pound- weight to the Line, and lay three or four Hooks, 
 and in two or three nights you (hall not fail to have 
 him if he comes to your Pond. Lay not your Hooks; 
 in the water fo deep that the Hern cannot wade unto 
 f hem. Colour your Line of a dark green, for an Hern 
 is a fubule Bird. There are fcveral other Fowl de- 
 Vourers of Fith^ as Kings-jifher^ More-hens^ Bakoots, Cor", 
 
 moranu 
 
©ffotuiiitfi:. 135 
 
 morant^ See. but none like the Hern for Ponds and 
 fmall Rivers. 
 
 0OW to take PHEASANTS y^i/frj/ 
 
 ways. 
 
 THe taking of Theafants is to be perfornned three 
 fcveral ways, by Nets> by Lime-bufh, or elfe by 
 other particular Engines, which (hall be difcours'd of 
 hereafter. 
 
 The taking of Theafants with Nets, is done either 
 generally, or particularly : generally, when the whole 
 jflye of Pheafants is taken, that is the old Cock and old 
 Hen with all their Powts, as they run together in the 
 obfcure Woods i or particularly, when you take none 
 but the old Pheafants, or the young, being of an age fit 
 to 9oupIe or pair. 
 
 For the greater facility, of taking Pheafants, you muft 
 firft underlhnd their Haunts, which are never in open 
 Fields, but in thick young Copfes well grown, and not 
 in old high Woods. 
 
 Having thus found out their Coverts, which muft be 
 folitary and untraced by Men or Cattel , the next 
 thing will be how to find out the Eye or Brood of 
 Pheafants. 
 
 The firft way, is by going into thefe young Copfes » 
 and carefully viewing the fame, fearching every where > 
 and by that means at laft finding where they run to- 
 gether, as Chickens after a Hen. Or, fecondly, you 
 muft rife early in a Morning, or come late in the Eve- 
 ning ) and obferve how and when the old Cock and 
 Hen call their young ones to them, and how the young 
 ones anfwer back unto thcin again j ^nd fo fxom that 
 
 found 
 
13^ 2Df f oBoIinir- 
 
 found dircd your Path as near as you can (o the place 
 where they are, lying there down foclofe you may not 
 be difcerned '■> by which means you will know where 
 they meet, and how accordingly you may pitch your 
 Nets. 
 
 But the moft certain way of finding them out, is to 
 have a natural Vheafant-c^\\^ which you muft learn how 
 to ufe, underftanding all their Notes, and how to ap- 
 ply them : For they have feveral Notes, and all diffe- 
 rent •, one to cluck them together when the Hen would 
 brood them, another to chide them when they ftragglc 
 too far, a third to call them to meat when (he hath 
 found it, a fourth to make them look out for food 
 themfelves, and a fifth to call them about her to fport 
 withal. You muft ufe your Gall in the morning early, 
 at which time they ftraggle abroad to find Provender i 
 or elfe in the Evening juft about Sun-fetting, which is 
 their time likewife fojr feeding. 
 
 Now although thefe are the beft times to ufe your 
 Call, yet you may call them at any other time of the 
 day, onely altering your Note. Juft at, or before Sun- 
 rifing, your Note muft be to call them to feed, and fo 
 at Sun-fet : but in the Forenoon and Afternoon your 
 Notes muft be to cluck them together to brood, or to 
 chide them for ftraggling, or to give them notice of 
 fome approaching danger. 
 
 Knowing your Notes, and how to apply them, with 
 the places where Pheafants haunt, which you (hall know 
 by the ftrength of the under-growth, obfcurenefs,dark- 
 nefs, and folitarinefs of the place, you muft then lodge 
 your felf as clofe as poffible, and then call at firft very 
 foftly, left the Vheafants being lodg'd very near you, 
 ftiould be affrighted at a loud Note j but if nothing re- 
 ply, raife your Note higher and higher, till you extend 
 it to the uimoft compafs : and if there be a Pheafant 
 within hearing, (he will anfwer in a Note as loud as you? 
 
 ovyn, 
 
own, provided it be not untunable,for that will fpoil all. 
 
 As foon as you hear this anfwer, if it be from afar, 
 and from one fingle Fowl, creep nearer and nearer un- 
 to it, ftill calling, but not fo loud •, and as you ap- 
 proach nearer to it,fo will the Pheafant to you j and as 
 you alter your Note, fo will (he : and in all points you 
 nnuft endeavour to innitate her, and in hne you will 
 get light of her, either on the Ground or Pearch : 
 Then ceafe your calling, and fpread your Net between 
 the Pheafant and your felf, in the mort convenient 
 place you can find, with all fecrecy and lllence, ma- 
 king one end of the Net faft to the ground, and hol- 
 ding the other end by a long Line in your hand > by 
 v;hich, when any thing ftraineth it, you may pull the 
 Net clofe together : which done, call again, and as 
 foon as you perceive the Pheafant come underneath 
 your Net, then rife up and (hew your felf, that by gi- 
 ving the Pheafant an affright, he may offer to mount, 
 and fo be entangled within the Net. 
 
 Now if it fo fall out that you hear many anfwers, 
 and from divers corners of the Wood, then iVu not at 
 all, but keep your place i and as you hear them by their 
 ibunds to come nearer and nearer unto you, fo (hall 
 you in the mean time prepare your Nets ready, and 
 fpread them conveniently about you, one pair of Net9 
 on the one tide, and another on the other tide i then lie 
 clofe, and apply your felf to the Call till fuch time as 
 you have allured them under your Nets i then ftand up 
 and (hew your felf, which will affright them and make 
 chem mount, whereby they will be entangled. 
 
 thefafhion ^ Pheafant-l^^-ff . 
 
 You muft make thefe Nets of double-twined brown 
 Thread dyed blue or green s let the Me(h be reafo- 
 
 nably 
 
13^ £DfjFoMinn:. 
 
 nably large and fquare, almoft an inch between Knot 
 and Knot ■•, let the length of it be about three fathom, 
 and the breadth about feven foot, and verge it on each 
 fide^with (trong fmall Cord, and let the ends be alfo fo, 
 that it may lie compafs-wife and hollow. 
 
 Some make thefe Nets of a much larger fize i but 
 then they are too cumberGDme, and hardly to be ruled 
 with one hand : but the others are readier to pitch, and 
 better to take, alfo more nimble for any purpofe you 
 (hall employ them to. 
 
 Of Driving of Pheafant-rpowts. 
 
 'T^'Cr driving atid taking young Pbeafants in Nets is 
 done after this manner. Having either by your eye or 
 Call found out an Eye of Pbeafants^ you muft then (ta- 
 king the wind with you, for they will naturally run 
 down the wind ) place your Nets crofs the little Pads 
 and ways which you fee they have made, C for they 
 will make little Paths like Sheep-tracks) and as near 
 ais you can, come to fome fpecial Haunts of theirs,which 
 you (hall know by the barenefs of the ground, Mutings, ■ 
 and loofe Feathers which you (hall hnd there : and 
 the(e Nets mul^ be placed hollow, loofe, and circular- 
 wife, the nether part thereof being fattened to the 
 ground, and the upper fide lying hoMow, loofe, and 
 bending, fo that- when any thing rulheth into it, it may 
 tall and entangle it : which done, you mu(t go before 
 where you found the Haunt, and there with your Gall 
 ( if you find the Eye is fcattered and feparated one from 
 the other j you mull: call them together. 
 
 Then take your Inftrument called a Pwer, which 
 is made of (Irons; white Wands or Oliers fet fa(t in a 
 handle, and in two or three places twitted about and 
 bound with, other Wandj, bearing the fhape of thofd 
 
 . things 
 
things Cloath-dreflers ufually drefs their Cloath with- 
 al : 1 fay, with this Driver you mull: make a gentle noife, 
 t2.kin<y upon the Boughs and Bufties round about you i 
 which as foon as Powts do hear, they will inftantly 
 run from it a little way, and then (land and liften, kee- 
 ping all clofe together : then give another rake, at 
 which they will run again as before: And by thus ra- 
 king, you will drive them like To many Sheep before 
 you which way or whither you plcafc, and confequent- 
 ly at laft into your Nets. 
 
 In ufingyour Driver there are two things tobeob- 
 ferved. The firrt is Secrecy, in concealing your felf 
 from the fight of the Theafants \ for if they chance to 
 fee you, they will inftantly hide themfelves in Holes 
 and bottoms of Bufhes, and will not ftir from thence 
 by any means whatever , as long as any day endu- 
 
 feth. ITT 
 
 The other thing to be obferved, is Time and Leilure 
 in th2 work •, for there is nothing obftruds this Paftime 
 more than too much hafte : for they are very fearful 
 Creatures^ and are foon ftartled i and when once a- 
 larm'd, tlWr fears will not fuffer them to argue or dif- 
 pute with the affrighting objed i but the very f^rf\ ap- 
 prehenfion is fufficient to make them all fly at an in- 
 Ihnt, withowt fiaying to behold what they are fomuch 
 afraid of. 
 
 Of taking Pheafants with a Lim-h/h. 
 
 Having obferved their Haunts as aforefaid, take a 
 Bufh, or fmgle Rods, and trim them with the beft and 
 ftrongeft Lime that can be got : let your Rods be 
 twelve inches h your Lime-bufti muft not contain a- 
 bove eight Twigs, being the Top-branch of fome Wil- 
 low-tree,withan indifferent long Handle, made fharp 
 ' either 
 
either tQ ftick into the ground, or into Shrubs and 
 Bufhes. You may plant your Bu(h near the branch of 
 fome little Tree which the Pheafant ufually pearcheth 
 on. 
 
 When you have placed your Bu(h or Rods, takeout 
 your Call, but remove not from your place, lying clofe 
 without difcovery. U your Call be good, and you 
 have skill to ufe ir, you will quickly have all the Fhea- 
 fants ^hh'in hearing about you •, and if one happen to 
 be entangled, (he will go near to entangle all the reft, 
 either by her extraordinary fluttering, or their own 
 ama7ement and confufion. And as they are taken by 
 the B.ods on the ground, foyou will furprize them with 
 your Bulhes i for being feared from below, they will 
 mount to the Pearch or Buflies, to fee what becomes of 
 their fellows, and be there taken themfelves. 
 
 Here note, that it is very requilite to count all your 
 Rods, and when you have gathered up your PheafantSy 
 fee what Rods you have milling, and then conclude 
 from the mifs of them, that fome Pheafants are run 
 with them into the Bulhes :, and therefig,;^ it will be 
 neceffary to have a Spaniel which will fetch and carry, 
 and one chat will not break nor bruife either Fle(h or 
 Feather. 
 
 Th Seafons for the ufe of Nets or Lime. 
 
 The. Lime is onely for the Winter- ieafon, beginning 
 from November, when the Trees have flied their Leaves, 
 (and then Lime-bufhes and Branches of Trees are a- 
 like naked and of the fame complexion ) and ending 
 at A%, at which time the Trees begin to be furnilhed 
 w'nh Leaves. 
 ^ The true ufe of the Nets is from the beginning of 
 }'j^ay till the latter end oiO&obcr. 
 
 So 
 
£)f foMinff. 141 
 
 So that there is no time of the year but their Bree- 
 (3ing-time,which may not beexercifed in this plcafure i 
 whence what profit may arife, I (hall leave to the judg- 
 ment of thofe who keep good houfes, and fuch as have 
 good Stomacks. 
 
 Hoivtotake PA RTR I DCjES /fz/er^/ 
 
 ways, either hy Net, Engine, Driving, 
 or Setting. 
 
 P 
 
 Artridgef are naturally cowardly, fearful, fimple, 
 _ and fooU(h, and therefore moft eafily to be decei- 
 ved or beguiled with any Train, Bait, Engine, or o- 
 ther Device whatever, whether by Enticement, Call, 
 or Stale. 
 
 It will he neceffary in the firft place to confider their 
 Haunts, which are not C like the fheafants) certain, 
 but various \ any covert will ferve their turn, and 
 fometimes none at all. 
 
 The places they moft delight in arc the Corn-fields, 
 efpecially whilft the Corn grows » for under that co- 
 vert they ftielter, ingender, and breed. Neither are 
 thefe places unfrequented by them when the Corn is 
 cut down, by reafon of the Grain they find therein, 
 efpecially in Wheat-llubble ■■> and the height thereof 
 they delight in, being to them as a covert or a (bel- 
 ter. Now when the Wheat-ftubble is much troddea 
 by Men or Beafts, then they betake themfelves to 
 the Barley - ftubble , provided it be fre(h and un- 
 trodden i and they will in the Furrows amongft 
 the Clots , Brambles , and long Grafs , hide both 
 themfelves and Covies, which are fometimes twenty in 
 
 number, 
 
142 ©f JFoMuin;. 
 
 number, fometimes five and twenty : nay, I have heard 
 of thirty in a Covie. 
 
 Now after the Winter-feafon is come, and that thefe 
 Stubble- Helds are plough'dup, or over-foiled with 
 Cattle, then do thefe Partridges refort into the up-land 
 Meadows, and do lodge in the dead Grafs or Fog un- 
 der Hedges, amongft Mole-hills, or under the Roots of 
 Trees : Sometimes they refort to Copfes and Under- 
 woods, efpecially if any Corn-fields are near adjacent, 
 or where grows Broom, Brakes, Fern, or any Covert 
 whatfoever. 
 
 In the Harvcft-time, when every Field is full of men 
 and Cattle, then you Chall find them in the day-time 
 in the Fallow-fields which are next adjoyning to the 
 Corn-fields, where they lie lurking till the Evening, 
 and then they feed among the Shocks or Sheaves of 
 Corn •, and fo they do likewife early in the Morn- 
 ing. 
 
 When you know their Haunts according to the fcitu- 
 aticnof the Country and feafonof the year, your next 
 care niuft be to find them out in their Haunts i which 
 is done feveral ways. Some do it by the Eye onely i 
 and this Art can never be taught, but learned by fre- 
 quent Experience, dilUnguifhing thereby the colour of 
 the Partridge from that of the Earth, and how and in 
 what manner they lodge and couch together : for which 
 purpofe you may come near enough to them, for they 
 are a very lazy Bird, and fo unwilling to take the Wing, 
 that you may even fet your foot upon them before 
 they will ftir, provided you do not iiand and gaze on 
 them, but be in continual motion •, otherwife they will 
 fpring up and be gone. 
 
 There is another way to dil'cover them, and that is 
 by going to their Haunts very early in the Morning, 
 or at the clofe of the Evening, which is called the 
 jHcklng'timcy and there liftening for the calling of the 
 
 Cock- 
 
Cotk-Pairtridgey wfiich will be very loud and earneft ; 
 and ifteir fortie few calls the Hen will anfwer, and by 
 this means they meet together i which you (hall know 
 by their rejoycing and chattering one with another : 
 upon the hearing of which, take your range about them, 
 drawing nearer and nearer to the place you heard therti 
 juckjn ■•, then caft your eye towards the Furrows of the 
 Lands, and there you will foon find where the Covie 
 lies, and fo take them as your fancy (hall lead you. 
 
 The beft, fafeft, and ealieft way for finding of Par- 
 tridges is by the Call, having firft learned the true and 
 natural Notes of the Partridge^ knowing how to tune 
 every Note in its proper Key, applying them to their 
 due times and feafons. 
 
 Being perfed: herein, cither Mornihgs or Evenings 
 Tall other times being improper) go to their Haunts, and 
 having convey'd your felf into fome fecret place where 
 you may fee and not be feen, liften a while if you can 
 hear the Partridges call •, if you do, anfwer them again 
 in the fame Note, and as they change or double thieir 
 Notes, fo muft you in like manner : thus continue doing 
 till they draw nearer and nearer unto you. Having 
 them in your view, lay your felf on your back, and lie 
 as if you were dead without motion, by which means 
 you may count their whole number. 
 
 Having attained to the knowledge of difcovering 
 them where they lie, the next thing will be a ready 
 Way how to catch them. 
 
 Of taking Partridges ivhh Nets. 
 
 The Nets wherewith you enfnare Partridges muft ht 
 every way like your Pheajant-ncts, both for length and 
 breadth •, onely the Me(h muft be fmaller, being made: 
 of the fame Thread, and dyed of the fame colour. 
 
 [ k ] Having 
 
144 £Df JFoMiitg* 
 
 Having found out the Covie> draw forth your Nets, 
 and taking a large circumference, walk a good round 
 pace with a carelefs eye, rather from than towards the 
 Fartridges^ till you have trimmed your Nets, and made 
 them ready for the purpofe : which done, you muft 
 draw in your circumference lefs and lefs, till you come 
 within the length of your Net : then pricking down a 
 a Stick about three foot in length, faften one end of the 
 Line of your Net, and make it faft in the Earth asyoa 
 walkabout i C ^^^ you mult make no ftop nor ftay i ) 
 then, letting the Net flip out of your hands, fpread it 
 open as you go, and io carry and lay it all over the 
 fartridges. 
 
 But if they (hould lie ftraggling, fo that you cannot 
 cover them all with one Net, then you muft draw forth 
 another, and do with that as you did with the former j 
 doing fo with a third, if occafion require : having fo 
 done, rufh in upon them, who affrighted, will flie up, 
 and fo be entangled in the Nets. 
 
 Hoiv to take Partridges mth Bird-lime. 
 
 Takeof thefaireftand largeft Wheat-ftraws you can 
 get, and cut them off between Knot and Knot, and 
 lime them with the ftrongeft Lime. Then go to the 
 Haunts of P^r/r/W^fj, and call : if youare anfwered, 
 then prick at fome diliance from you your limed Straws 
 in many crofs rows and ranks crofs the Lands and 
 Furrows, taking in two or three Lands at leaft : then 
 lie clofe and call again, not cealing till you have drawn 
 them towards you, fo that they be intercepted by the 
 way by your limed Straws, which they (hall no fooner 
 touch, but they will be cnfnared i and by reafon they 
 all run together like a brood of Chickens, they will fo 
 befmeaf and daub one another, that very few of them 
 will efcape. 
 
 This 
 
£Df iFotDlitiff* 145 
 
 This way of taking Tartrtdq^er is onely to be ufed in 
 Stubble-fields from Auguii till Chrijimaf, But if you 
 will take them in Woods, Paftures, or Meadows, then 
 you muft lime Rods, as was afore exprelTedfor the 
 Theafanty and ftick them in the ground after the fame 
 manner. 
 
 How to drive Partridges. 
 
 The Driving of Partridges is more delightful than 
 any other way of taking them : The manner of it is 
 thus. 
 
 Make an Engine in the form and fafliion of a Horfe, 
 cut out of Canvas, and fluff it with Straw, or fuch 
 light matter : with this artificial Horfe and your Nets 
 you mult go to the Haunts of Partridges^ and having 
 found oat the Covie, and pitcht your Nets below, you 
 muft go above, and taking the advantage of the Wind, 
 you muft drive downward : Let your Nets be pitcht 
 Hope-wife and hovering. Then, having your Face 
 covered with fomething that is green, or of a dark blue, 
 you muft, putting the Engine before you, ftalk towards 
 the Partridges with a flow pace, raiting them on their 
 Feet, but not their Wings, and then will they run na- 
 turally before you. 
 
 If they chance to run a by-way, or contrary to your 
 purpofe, then crofs them with your Engine, and by fo 
 facing them, they will run into that track you would 
 have them : Thus by a gentle flow pace you may make 
 them run and go which way you will, and at laft drive 
 them into your Net, and fo difpofe ©f them at your 
 jpleafure. 
 
 t k 2 ] Ho0 
 
How to take Partridges with a Setting-dog. 
 
 There is no Art of taking Partridges fo excellent 
 and pkafant as by the help of a Setting-dog : where- 
 fore, before we proceed to the Sport, we fliall give you 
 an account what this Setting-dog is. 
 
 You are to underftand then, that a Setting-dog is a 
 certain lully Land-fpaniel, taught by nature to hunt 
 the Partridge more than any chace whatever, running 
 the fields over with fuch alacrity and nimblenefs, as if 
 there was no limit to his fury and defire, and yet by 
 art under fuch excellent command, that in the very 
 height of his career by a Hem or found of his Matter's 
 voice he (hall ihnd, gaze about him, \(f6k in his Ma- 
 kers face, and obferve his diredtions, whether to pro- 
 ceed; rtand ftill, or retire : nay, when he is even juft 
 upon his Prcy,that he may even take it up in his mouth, 
 yet his obedience is fo framed by Art, that prefently 
 he fliall either (land ftill, or fall down flat on his belly, 
 without daring either to make any noife or motion till 
 his Mailer come to him, and then he will proceed in all 
 things to follow his diredtions. 
 
 Having a Dog thus qualified by Art and Nature, take 
 him with you where Partridges do haunt, there call off 
 your Dog, and by fome word of encouragement which 
 he is acquainted with, engage him to range, but never 
 too far from you \ and fee that he beat his ground 
 jufily and even, without calling about, or flying now 
 here nov/ there, which the mettle of fome will do, if 
 not corrected and repiovcd. And therefore, when you 
 perceive this fault, you mull prefently call him in with 
 a Hem, and fo check him that he dare not do the like 
 again for that day i fo will he range afterwards with 
 more tern pcrancc, ever and anon looking in his Ma- 
 iler's 
 
f)f jTotDlmff* 147 
 
 fter's face, as if he would gather from thence whetljer 
 he did well or ill. 
 
 If in your Dog's ranging you perceive him to flop 
 on the fudden,or Itand ttill, you muft then make in to 
 him, C for without doubt he hath fet the Partridge J 
 and asfoon as you come to him, command him to go 
 nearer: but if he goes not, but cither lies ftill or 
 ftands (baking of his TaiJ , as who would fay , Here 
 they are under my nofe, and withal now and then 
 looks back h then ccafe from urging him further , and 
 take your circumference, walking faft with a cafelefs . 
 eye, looking ftraight before the nofe of the Dog, and 
 thereby fee how the Covy lie, whether clofe or Ikag- 
 
 Then commanding the Dog to lie fiill , draw forth 
 your Net, and prick one end to the ground, and fprcad 
 your Net all open, and fo cover as many of the Partrid- 
 ges as you can j which done, make in with a noife, and 
 fpring up the Partridges j which (liall no fuoncr rife, 
 but they will be entangled in the Net. And if you 
 fhalllet go the old Cock and Hen, it will not onely be 
 an aft like a Gentleman, but a means to increafe your 
 Pafiime. 
 
 How to take RAILS, Q^U AILS, 
 MOREPOOTS,(^c. 
 
 FRom what is contain'd in the foregoing Chapter.<^^ 
 you may colled a method how to take other Fowl, 
 as Rails, iluails,Morepoots,d)(.c,d\\ which are very good 
 flights for Han>k/> 
 
 Their haunts are much alike with thofe of the Par- 
 
 tridge \ onely the §^ail loves moft the Wheat-heldf» 
 
 f k 3 ] the 
 
t]:\c Morepodt moft the Heath and Foreft-grounds, and 
 the Kails lore the long high Grafs where they may lie 
 obfcure. 
 
 The way of finding them is like that of the Par- 
 tridge^ by the Eye, the Ear, and Haunt : but the chief 
 way of all to rind them out is the Call or Pipe , to 
 which they lilien with fuch earneftnefs , that you can 
 no fooner imitate their Notes, but they will arifwcr 
 them, and will purfue the Call with fuch greedinefs, 
 that they will play and skip about you, nay run over 
 you, efpecially the ^^/7. 
 
 The notes of the Male and Female differ very much, 
 and therefore you mult have them both at your com- 
 mand i and when you hear the Male call , you muft 
 anfwer in the Females note > and when the Female calls, 
 you murt anfwer in the Males note : and thus you will 
 not fail to have them both come to you, who will gaze 
 and liften till the Net is caft over them. 
 
 The way of taking thefe Birds is the fame with that 
 of the Partridge^ and they may be taken with Nets or 
 Lime, either BuQi or Ftod, or Engine, which you mufl 
 ftalk with h or by the Setting-dog, which I fhall treat 
 of in the next Chapter; 
 
 How to eletl and train a SETTING- 
 DOG from a Whelp till he come 
 toperfe^ion, 
 
 THe Dog which you eled for Setting muft have* 
 perfedl and good fcent, and be naturally addid^- 
 ed to the hunthig of Feathers. And this Dog may be ei- 
 ther Land-fpaniel, Water fpaniel, or Mungrel of them 
 bothi either the Shallow-fkwed Hound, Tumbler, 
 
 Lurcher, 
 
Lurcher, or fmall baftard Maftiff. But there is none 
 better than the Land -fpaniel, being of a good and nim- 
 ble fizc, rather fmall than grofs , and of a courageous 
 mettle j which though you cannot difcern being young, 
 yet you may very well know from a right breed, which 
 have been known to be ftrong, lufty and nimble Ran- 
 gers, of adive Feet, wanton Tails, and bulle Nolhils > 
 whofe Tail was without wearinefs, their Search with- 
 out changeablenefs, and whom no delight did tranfport 
 beyond fear or obedience. 
 
 When you have made choice of your Dog, begin to 
 inftrud him about four months old , or fix months at 
 the uttermoft. 
 
 The firft thing that you (hall teach your Dog, is to 
 make him loving and familiar with you , know- 
 ing you from any other perfon, and following you 
 where-ever you go. To cffed this the better, let 
 him receive his food as near as you can from no other 
 hand but your own', and when you correct: him 
 to keep him in awe , do it rather with words than 
 blows. 
 
 When you have have fo inftruded your Dog that he 
 will follow none but your felf, and can diftinguifli your 
 frown from your fmile,and fmooth words from rough, 
 you muft then teach him to couch and lie down clofe 
 to the ground \ firft,by laying him often on the ground, 
 and crying. Lie clofe. When he hath done any thing 
 to your mind and pleafure, you muft then reward him 
 with a piece of Bread : if otherwife, chaftife him with 
 words, but few blows. 
 
 After this, you muft teach him to come creeping un- 
 to you with his Belly and Head clofe upon the ground, 
 as far or as little a way as you Qiall think fit : and this 
 you may do by faying. Come nearer , come nearer , or 
 the like i and at ftrft, till he underftand your mea- 
 ning, by (hewing him a piece of Bread or fome othes 
 Ik 4] ^^'>^ 
 
I50 £DfjroMm(r> 
 
 food (o entice him to you. And this obferve in his 
 creeping to you, if he ofTei' to raife his Body or Head, 
 you mu(i not onely thruft the rifing-part down, but 
 threaten him with your angry voice i which if he feem 
 to flight , then add a (liarp jerk or two with a Whip- 
 cord-lafh. ^ 
 
 You muft often renew his Leffons till he be very per- 
 fect, ftill encouraging him when he does well. 
 
 If you walk abroad with him, and he take a fancy 
 to range, even when he is moft bufie fpeak to him, and 
 in the height of his paftime make him fall upon his 
 Belly and lie clofe, and after that make him come cree- 
 ping to you. 
 
 After this teach him to lead in a String or Line, and 
 to follow you clofe at your heels without tripuhle or 
 draining of his Collar, ' 
 
 By that time he hath learned thefe things aforefaid, 
 I conceive the Dog may be a twelvemonth old i at 
 which time the feafon of the year being fit, take him 
 into the held and permit him to range, but ftill in o- 
 bedience to your command. But if through wanton- 
 nefs he chance to babble or open without caufe, you 
 muli then corred him (harply , either with a VVhip- 
 cord-lafti, or biting him hard at the Roots ot his 
 Ears. 
 
 Hiving brought him tp a good temper and juft o- 
 bcdicrcc, then, as foon as you fee him come upon the 
 Haunt ot any Vartridge, { which you (hall know by 
 his greater eagernefs in hunting, as alfo by a kind of 
 whimp:ring and whining in his voice, being very dcfi- 
 rous toopen.but not daring) you (hall fpeak to him,bid- 
 ding him take heed, or the like : but if notwithftan- 
 ^ing he either ruOi in and fpring the Vartridge, or o- 
 pens , and fo the Partridge efcapeth, you muff then 
 corre<a hirn feverely, and caft him off again, and let 
 Mm hunt in (ome hiunt where you know aCovy lies, 
 
 and 
 
^f iFotuling^ 151 
 
 and fee whether he hath mended his fault : And if you 
 catch any with your Nets, give him the Heads, Necks, 
 iand Pinions for his future encouragement. 
 
 Many more obfervations there are, which are too 
 numerous here to recite *, wherefore I (hall defift, and 
 give you an account of a Water-dog, and fo finifhthis 
 prefent Difcourfe. 
 
 How to train a WATER-DOG, 
 and the ufe thereof, 
 
 I Shall begin with the beft proportion of a Water-dog^ 
 and firll of his colour. Although fome do attri- 
 bute niuch to the colour, yet experience lets us know 
 they are uncertain obfervations. 
 
 To proceed then, your Dog may be any colour and 
 yet excellent i but chufe him of Hair long and curled, 
 not loofe and (bagged : his Head muft be round and 
 curled, his Ears broad and hanging, his Eye full, lively 
 and quick, his Nofe very (hort, his Lip Hound-like, his 
 Chaps with a full fet of ftrong Teeth, his Neck thick 
 and (hort,his Breaft (harp, his Shoulders broad, his Fore- 
 legs ftraight, his Chine fquare, his Buttocks Tound, his 
 Belly gaunt, his Thighs brawny, &c. 
 
 For the training this Dog , you cannot begin too. 
 foon with him \ and therefore as foon as he can lap, 
 you muft teach him to couch and lie down, not daring 
 to ftir from that pofture without kave. Obferve in 
 his firft teaching to let him eat nothing till he deferve 
 it i and let him have no more Teachers, Feeders, Che- 
 ri(hers, or Correftors but One \ and do not alter that 
 wprd you firft ufe in his information, for the Dog takes 
 notice of the found, not the language. 
 
 When 
 
 &s^t" 
 
152 a)f jFoMing- 
 
 When you have acquainted him with the word fui- 
 table to his Leffon, you muft then teach him to know 
 the word of Reprehenfion, which at firft Qiould not be 
 ufed without a Jerlc. You muft alfo ufe words of che- 
 ri(hing, to give him encouragement when he does well : 
 and in all thefe words you muft be conftant , and let 
 them be attended with fpitting in his mouth, or che- 
 rifning of the hand. There is alfo a word of Advice, 
 inftruding him when he does amifs. 
 
 Having made him underftand thefe feveral words, 
 you muft next teach him to lead in a ftring or Collar 
 orderly, not running too forward, nor hanging back- 
 ward. After this you muft teach him to come clofe at 
 your heels without leading > for he muft not range by 
 any means, unlefs it be to beat Fowl from their Covert, 
 or to fetch the wounded. 
 
 In the next place you muft teach him to fetch and 
 cairy any thing you throw out of your hands. And firft 
 try him with the Glov«, ftiaking it over Ws Head, and 
 making him fnap at it j and fometimes let him hold 
 it in his mouth, andftrive to pull it from him h and at 
 laft throw it a little way, and let him worry it on the 
 ground : and fo by degrees make him bring it yon- 
 where- ever you throw it. From the Glove you may 
 teach him to fetch Cudgels, Bags, Nets, &c. 
 
 If you ufe him to carry dead Fowl , it will not be 
 amifs i for by that means he will not tear or bruife 
 what Fowl you ftioot. 
 
 Having perfc<^ed this Leffon, drop fomething be* 
 hind you which the Dog doth not fee i and being 
 gone a little way from it, fend him back to feek it, by- 
 faying, Bacl^^ I have hfi. If he feem amazed, point 
 with your Finger, urging him to feek out , and leave 
 him not till he hath done it. Then drop fomethiwg' 
 at a greater diliance, and make him find out that too, 
 till you have bioughc him to go back a mile. 
 
 Now 
 
Now may you train him up for your Gun, making 
 him ftalk after you ikp by ftep , or elfe couch and lie 
 clofe till you have (hot. ri^t :-'^ 
 
 Many more neceffary Rules there arc, which for bre- 
 vity fake I muft omit. 
 
 The laft ufc of the Water-dog is in moulting-time, 
 when Wild^fowl caft their Feathers and are unable to 
 fly, which is between Summer and Autumn : at this 
 time bring your Dog to their Coverts, and hunt then) 
 out into the ftrcam, and there with your Nets furprize 
 them, driving them into them •, for at this time fheep 
 will not drive more eaGly. And though fome may 
 objed:, that this fickly time is unfeafonable » yet it they 
 confider what excellent food thefe Fowl will prove 
 when aamm'd, the taking of them may be very excu- 
 fable. I have eaten of them after they have been fed 
 I while with Livers of Beaft,Whey, Curds, Barley,Pafte, 
 fcalded Bran, and fach-like i they have proved excee- 
 ding fat, and have tafted not fo filliy as they do by their 
 natural feeding, but exceeding fweet, and delerve to be 
 prefcned before any Fowl whatever. 
 
 C<^: 
 
 Hm 
 
J 54 €)f foMtitg:* 
 
 
 Hovp to ta^e^ prejerve^ and l^ep all 
 forts of ^inging^birds that are 
 commonly ^own in England, 
 ^ tying alfo an account of their 
 ^4f«r^ , breeding , Feedings 
 Vifea/esof tbe/ame, mth their 
 ^emedier. 
 
 N the preceeding Difcourfe I have given you a Sunri' 
 mary account of the feveral ways and artirices which 
 are ufed to take either Land-fowl, or Fowl properly be^ 
 longing to theWater.Upon fecond thoughts I look upon 
 this Third part of the Gentkmms Recreation^ called a 
 Treatife of fowling imperfe(9:, if I add not now what I 
 omitted before i a fmall EfTay as to the Taking,Prefer- 
 ving,and Keeping all forts of Singing-birds commonly 
 known in thefe his Majefties three Kingdoms, They 
 are thus called. 
 
 The Night ingal. The Starling, The Gold-finch. 
 The Blackcbird. The Tit-lar^ The Green-finch, 
 The JTood-lark^ The Bullfinch. The Wren, 
 The Linnet. The Canary-bird, The Red'fiart, 
 
 The Chaf -finch. The Throfile, TheHedgejfarrow, 
 The Rob.Red'breaJi, The Skle-lark 
 
 Laltlyj their Difeafes and Cures. 
 
 Of 
 
SDf f OHJlittff. 155 
 
 A' 
 
 Ofthe NIGHTINGAL. 
 
 Ccording to the judgment of moft men , th« 
 ^ -^ Nightingale carries the Bell from all other Sing- 
 ingiirds, opening her charming Mouth not onely 
 fweetly, but with much variety of pleafant Notes : It 
 is but a fmall Bird, yet hath a loud voice i which made 
 the Poet call her— — Vox^ & fmterea nihil. They are 
 fo well known, a defcription of them would be necd- 
 Icfs i and are not onely efteemed of here, but in Italy 
 and other parts. 
 
 They appear to us at the latter end of Marcby or 
 beginning of Jpril , and very few know where they 
 inhabit all the Winter •, fome think they deep all that 
 
 feafon. 
 
 She makes her Neft commonly about two foot above 
 ground, either in thick Quick-fet-hcdges, or in Beds 
 of Nettles where old Quick- fet hath been thrown to- 
 gether. She hatcheth her young ones about the be- 
 ginning of May, and naturally delights to frequent 
 cool places, where fmall Brooks are garnifhed with 
 pleafant Groves, and Quick-fet-hedges arc not far di- 
 
 ftant. . . , n 
 
 That Nightingale which in my opinion is the belt to 
 keep, is he that is the earlicft Bird of the Spring i for 
 he will (ing the better, having more time to hear the 
 Old one ting than thofe that are hatched later. 
 
 The young Nightingales mud be taken out of their 
 Nefls when they are indifferently well fledg'd in a me- 
 diocrity : for if well feathered, they will become fal- 
 len i and if too little, they are fo tender the cold will 
 
 kill them. _ 
 
 For 
 
For their meat give them lean Beef, Sheeps-heart, 
 or Bullocks-heart, taking awayfirft the fat Skin that 
 covereth it, and take away the Sinews » after this, 
 foak the like quantity ot white Bread in water, and 
 fqueeze out fome of the water i then mince it fmall i 
 then feed them with a Stick, taking upon the point 
 thereof the quantity of a Grey Pea, and give every one 
 of them three or four fuch gobbets in an hour, as long 
 as they (hall endure to be in the Neft : when they are 
 able to flie out of the Nell, then put them into a Cage 
 with feveral Pearches for them to fit upon, and line 
 them with fome green Bays, for they are very fubjed: 
 to the Cramp at firft i and at the bottom of the Cage 
 put in fome Mofs or Hey, as well for other Birds as 
 the NighmgaU : it is fafe to line their Cages againft 
 Winter, or keep them in fome warm place. Wheri 
 they are firft Caged, continue for a while to put fome 
 of their Meat by them mingled with Ants, which will 
 induce them to feed themfelves. y, ..^ i „ . ,, , i . 
 
 In the Summer you muft feed them every day 
 with frefh Meat, otherwile it will quickly grow ftalc. 
 or ftink. When they begin to moult, give them half 
 Egg hard boiled, and halfSheeps-heart mingled with 
 Saffron and Water. Here note , Duck-eggs will kill 
 them : you may give them fometimes red Worms, 
 Caterpillars, and Hog-lice i Meal-worms make theni 
 familiar, fuffering them to take them out of your 
 hand. 
 
 The way of taking Old and Young is thus : For 
 the Young, obferve where the Cock fings j and if he 
 lings long, the Hen is not far from that place, who 
 oftentimes betrays her Off-fpring by being too careful y 
 for when you come near her Neft, Qie will Sweet 
 and Cur : if notwithftanding this, you cannot find 
 her Neft, ftick a Meal-worm or two upon a Thorn, 
 and then lying down or ftanding, obferve which way 
 
 ic 
 
SDf f oMinff^ 157 
 
 it is carried by the Old one, and drawing near, you 
 will hear the young ones when (he feeds them. When 
 you have found out the Neft, touch not the young % 
 for if you do, they will not tarry in the Neft. 
 
 The way to take Branchers^ by others called Pufherr^ 
 ( becaufe when throughly fleg'd the Old ones pu(h 
 them out of the Neft ) I fay, you muft take them after 
 this manner : When you have found where they are, 
 which you (hall know by their Curring and Sweeting y 
 C for if you call true, they will anfwer you immediate- 
 ly : ) having your Tackle all ready, fcrapc, in the Ditch 
 or Bank-fide, the Earth about three quarters of a yard 
 fquare, that it may look fre(h i then take a Bird-trap, 
 Of Net-trap, which you muft make after this falhion. 
 
 Hovo to make a NeMrap for Nightingales. 
 
 Take a Net made of green Silk or Thread, about 
 the compafs of a yard, made after the fafhion of a 
 Shove-net for Fiflies » then get fome large Wyre, and 
 bending it round, joyn both ends, which you muft put 
 into a ftiort Stick about an Inch and an half long s 
 then you muft have a piece of Iron with two Cheeks 
 and a hole on each fide, through which you muft put 
 fome fine Whip-cord three or four times double, that 
 fo it may hold the piece of Wood the better unto 
 which the ends of the Wyre are put, and with a Button 
 on each fide the Iron, twift the Whip-cord, that fothe 
 Net may play the quicker : you muft faften the Net to 
 the Wyre as you do a Shove-net to the Hoop j then 
 get a Board of the compafs of your Wyre, and joyn 
 your two cheeks of Iron at the handle of your Board \ 
 then make a hole in the middle of your Board > 
 and put a piece of Stick of about two Inches long, 
 and a Hole at the Top of your Stick, which you muft 
 
 have 
 
158 ©fiFoWinfif. 
 
 have a Peg to put in with two Wyres, an Inch and 
 hialf long, to flick your Meal-wornn upon ; then tye a \ 
 String in the middle of the top of your Net, drawitig ' 
 the Net up, having an eye at the end of the handle to 
 put your Thread through, pull it till it flands upright, 
 then pull it through the hole of the Stick that fl:ands 
 in the middle of your Board, and put your Peg in the 
 hole, and that will hold the String that the Net cannot 
 fall down : you rauft put two Worms upon the V/yres, 
 before you put it into the hole, and fet it as gently as 
 ycu can, that it may fall with the firft touch of the 
 Nightingale : When you have your Net and Worm 
 leady, having firit fcraped the place, then put fome 
 Ants in your Trap-cage, and upon your Board put foftie 
 Worms upon Thorns, and fet them at the bottom of 
 your Trap-cage, little holes being made for the fame 
 purpofe to flick in the ends of your Thorns : Then 
 plant your Trap near to the place where you heard 
 them call, either in the Ditch, or by the Bank-fide, or 
 corner of a Hedge, and then walk away i you may fet 
 what number of Trap-cages you think convenient. D6 
 what is here propofcd, and you need not doubt the ha- 
 ving of your delires fatisfied. 
 
 Having taken your Nightingales^ (the times is in Ju' 
 ly or Augujl) tye the ends of their Wings with fome 
 brown Thread, that fo they may be difenabled to hurt 
 themfelves by beating their tender bodies againft thd 
 top and Wyres of the Cage. 
 
 Let the Cage be covered above half with green Bays, 
 and for four or five days let him be very little diflur- 
 bed by company i but withal forget not to feed them 
 half a dozen times every day with Sheeps-heart and 
 Egg flired very fine, and mingle red Ants therewith, 
 and a few red Earth-worms would not do amifs. 
 
 Here note, that no Nightingale at firfl taking will 
 cat any other food than what is living , as Wormsi 
 
 AntSy 
 
Ants, Files, or Caterpillars i which through fullennefs 
 if he will not eat, then take him out, and upon the 
 point of a Stick (firlt opening his Billj give him four 
 or five gobbets one after another*, then turn him into 
 the Cage, ftrowing the bottom thereof with Egg and 
 minced Sheeps- heart mingled with fome Pilmires. 
 Thefe Nightingales that are taken at this time of the 
 year, will not fing till the middle oiO&ober^ and then 
 they will hold in fong till the middle of Jme : But 
 the Nightingales that are taken from the firll of j,4pril 
 to the twentieth, are the bed Birds for ScJng in the 
 whole Univerfe j and rhefc are taken with Trap cages 
 or Trap-nets, as th^Branchers aforefaid, in June^Julyy 
 and AugH^. Here obferve, that Neftlings nor Bran- 
 chers (except they have an old Bird to ting over them) 
 have not the true Song for the firft twelve months. 
 When you havefo tamed them that they begin to Cmh* 
 and Sweet with chearfulnefs, and record (bftly to them- 
 felves, it is a certain fignc that they eat, and then you 
 need not trQuble your felf with feeding them j but if 
 they fing before they feed, they commonly prove moft 
 excellent Birds : Thofe Birds that are long a feeding, 
 and make no Curring nor Sweetings are not worth the 
 keeping. If you have a Bird that will flutter and 
 bolt up his head in the night againft the top of the 
 Cage, keep him not, for he is not onely good for no- 
 thing, but his bad example will teach the beft of your 
 Birds to do the like. 
 
 Now to the intent you may not keep Hens inftead 
 of Cocks, and fo not onely be at ufelefs charge, bur 
 be fruftrated of your expedtation, you (hall diltinguifh 
 their Sexes by thefe obfervations. The Cock in the 
 judgment of fome is both longer and bigger : others 
 fay the Cock hath a greater Eye, a longer Bill, and a 
 Tail more reddifh : others pretend to know them by 
 the Pinion of the Wing, and Feathers on the Head. 
 
 [ I ] Thefe 
 
iSo C>f f oUiIutg* 
 
 Thefe Rules I look not upon as infallible, having found 
 therei contrary to truth by my own experience : Now 
 to undeceive you, take thefe true Experinnental Ob- 
 fervations. Firft, take notice that if any of your Neft- 
 lings (before they can feed themfelves ) do Record a 
 little to themfelves, and in their Recording you per- 
 ceive their Throats to wag, you need not doubt that 
 they are Cocks » but when they come to feed them- 
 felves, the Hen will Record as well as the Cock s there- 
 fore mark them when young, tor it is very difficult to 
 dirtinguilh afterwards. 
 
 Brancbers^ whether Cocks or Hens C when taken and 
 do feed themfelves ) will Record ■•> but the Cock does 
 it much longer, louder, and oftener. 
 
 The beil fort of Nightingales frequent High-ways, 
 Orchards, and fing clofe by houfes : thefe when taken 
 will feed fooneft, being more acquainted with the com- 
 pany of people i and after their feeding will grow fa- 
 miliar, and fmg fpeedily. Obferve, not to untye too 
 foon the Wings of your Nightingale i for if he be not 
 very familiar and tame when he is untyed, he will be 
 apt to beathimfelf againft the Cage, and fo fpoil him- 
 felf. 
 
 Now as to their Difeafes and Cures, oWerve this, 
 that at the latter end of Attguji they grow very fat, 
 either abroad or in a Cage : when it begins to abate 
 when they do not fing, it is a dangerous ligne » where- 
 fore to remedy this, keep them very warm,giving them 
 Saffron in their meat or water : when you perceive the 
 growth of their fat, purge them thrice a Week for a 
 Month, either with a Worm which is found in ?i- 
 gewhoufes, or with a fpeckled Spider, which you may 
 find plentifully about Vines, Currans, or Goofe-berry- 
 bulhes in AuguH^ and at no time elfc. If they are me- 
 lancholy, put into their Drinking-pot fome Liquorifh 
 with a little white Sugar-candy, giving them to feed 
 
 on 
 
on Sheeps-heart (hvcd fmall, fome Meal-worms, and 
 Eggs mingled with Pifmires. It is ftrange that fomc of 
 thefe Birds when fat will fart three weeks, which I have 
 known •, but it is better when they eat. 
 
 Nightingales kept in a Cage two or three years, are 
 fubje6t to the Gout : for their Cure, take frelh Butter 
 and anoint their Feet four or five days, and they will 
 be well again. Here note, that for want of keeping 
 them clean, their Feet are clog'd, and then their Claws 
 will rot off, and are fubjed to Gout and Ciamp, and 
 will take no delight in themfelvesi to prevent thefe 
 mifchiefs, put dry Sand into the bottom of their Cages, 
 
 They are likewife troubled with Aporthumes and 
 breaking out about their Eyes and Neb i for which, ufe 
 Capons-greafe. And thus much of the Difeafes of the 
 Nightingale* 
 
 Of the CANARY-BIRD. 
 
 T Hough many of thefe Birds are lately brought from 
 Germany^ and therefore are called by the name of 
 that Country, yet undoubtedly their Original procee- 
 ded from the CanaryAiliinds. They are in colour much 
 like our Green-birds^ but differ much in their Song and 
 Nature ^ and in this they differ from all Birds : For as 
 others are fubje(ft to be fat, the Cocks of thefe never 
 are, by reafon of the greatnefs of their mettle, and 
 their lavifh finging ; either of thefe will not fuffcr him 
 to keep hardly fle(h upon his back. 
 
 The be(\ of them are fhaped long, (landing ftraight 
 and boldly. 
 
 Before you buy either thefe German or Canary-birds^ 
 
 hear them (ing, and then you will know how to pleafe 
 
 [12] ' your 
 
i62 &i stMim^ 
 
 your Ear or fancy, either with Sweet-fong, Lavifh- 
 note, or Long-fong, which is belt, having moft variety 
 of Notes. Some like thofe that xvhvikjinA chew like 
 unto a Tii-larkj* others are for thofe that begin like a 
 Sk^e-larJ^;, and fo continue their Song with a long, yet 
 fweet Note i a third fort are for thofe that begin their 
 Song with the Sk^e-lark^^ and then run upon the Notes 
 of the Nightingale^ which is very pleafant if he does 
 it well : The laft is for aloud Note and lavifli, regar- 
 ding no more in it than a noife. 
 
 if you would know whether your Canary'hird be in 
 health before you purchafe him, take him out of the 
 Store- cage,and put him into a clean Cage alone , where 
 if he ftand boldly without crouching, without (hrink- 
 ing Feathers , and his Eyes looking brisk and chear- 
 fully •-, thefe are good fignes of a healthy Bird : But 
 now obfcrve, if he bolts his Tail like a N/^/:>itfwg^/e af- 
 ter he hath dunged, it (hews he is not well i though he 
 feem lively for the prefent,there is fome Diftemper near 
 attending : likewife if he either dung very thin and 
 watty, or of a iliray white, and no blacknefs in it ; 
 thefe arc dangerous fignes of death approaching. 
 
 Thefe Birds are fubjed to many Difeafes, as Impo- 
 fthumes which afflidt their head, and are of a yellow 
 colour, caufing a great heavinefs, and withal a falling 
 from the Pearch, and death enfuing, if this Malady be 
 not fpcedily cured. The moft approved Cure is to 
 make an Ointment of frefh Butter and Capons-greafe 
 melted together, and anoint therewith the Bird's Im- 
 pofthume three or four days together : if it become foft, 
 open it gently and let out the matter ? then anoint the 
 place with fome of the fame Ointment, and this will 
 immediately cure him : during the Cure, give him Figs, 
 and Liquorifh, and white Sugar-candy in his Wa- 
 ter. 
 
 Canary-birds above three yeais oW are called Runts » 
 
 at 
 
S)f jfoUJimD:* 103, 
 
 at two years old they are called Erifs •■> and thofe of 
 the firft year are called Branchers i when they are new 
 flown and cannot feed themfelves, they are called 
 fujhers s and thofe tiiat are brought up by hand, Ncjl- 
 lings. Now fince there are but few Canary- birds which 
 breed in England^ it being fo great a trouble to look af- 
 ter them, I (hall here infert nothing concerning the or- 
 dering when they intend or begin to build i what things 
 are neceifary for them when they begin to breed i how 
 toforder them when they have young ones i or how to 
 breed the young ones when taken out of the Neft : 
 Thofe who intend to be informed of every thing here- 
 unto belonging, may ealily be inftru<I^ed by applying 
 themfelves to feveral Germans in and about the City, 
 who make it their bufinefs to breed Canary-birds after 
 the beft (German) falhion. 
 
 Of the BLACK-BIRD. 
 
 A S fome do eftecm the Nightingale to be the beft 
 .ZJ Singing-bird in the World, fo in my opinion the 
 Blackcbird is the worft , yet they are as frequently kept 
 as their betters, and are in great eUimation amongll 
 the Vulgar h for no other reafon that I know, than for 
 the loudnefe and coarfenefs of his Song, as they are 
 Borilh in their Speech, and have little but rufticity in 
 th^ir Conditions. To be ftioit, he is better to be eaten 
 than kept, and is much fweeter to the Palate when 
 dead, than to the Ear when living. > 
 
 She builds her Neft upon old Stumps of Trees by 
 Ditch-fides, or in thick Hedges. As they begin be- 
 times, that is, in the beginning of March, ( when ma- 
 ny times the Woods are full of Snow ) fo they breed 
 
 [ 1 3 ] often 
 
1^4- £)r f OtDlUtg* 
 
 often, that is, three or four times a year, according a-s 
 
 theylofe their Neft. 
 
 The young Blach^-birds are brought up almoft with 
 any meat vvhatfocver ••> but above all,they love Ground- 
 worms, Shceps-heart,hard Eggs, and white Bread and 
 Milk mixt together. 
 
 This Bird fings fomewhat more than three months 
 in the year i hisNote.j as 1 faid, is harlh, therefore to 
 adde a value to him, let him be taught to whilUe , yet 
 put^ong and Whittle together, in my judgment it is 
 htter for a large hine than a Lady's Chamber. 
 
 Of the THROSTLE. 
 • 
 
 |F Throfiles there be five kinds? the Mifile'throjile, 
 tiie Northern'throjile or Felfare^ the JFind-thro^le^ 
 the Wood-Jong-thro(ik^ and the Bcath-throjile, 
 
 The hrft is the largeli of all the live, and the moft 
 beautiful i it feeds for the raoft part on the Berries of 
 Millletoe : and iince that they are fo good againft the 
 Falling-ticknefs and Convuliions, thefe throjiles^ when 
 dried and pulverized and drank in the water of Miftle- 
 toe, or Black- cherry-water, are much more eife^ual 
 againd thofe two Diiiempers. He fings but little, and 
 therefore though the young ones are ealietobe brought 
 up, being hardy, yet he is not worth the keeping i for 
 his Notes arc rambling and confufed, yet not lavilh 
 neither. 
 
 The fecond is the Felfare, who comes into England 
 before Michae!m4f^ and goes away about the beginning 
 of March. In hard weather they feed on Hips and 
 Haws ■■) but when it is indifferently warm, there being 
 neither Fwi\ nor Snow on the ground, they feed on 
 young Gsafs and Worms. They 
 
They breed upon certain Rocks near the Scotifh 
 Shore three or four times a year, and are there in very 
 great numbers ; They are not fo fit tor the Cage as 
 the Spit, having a moft lamentable untun'd chattering 
 tone: in Froft and Snow they are very fat, and then. 
 are moft delicate food > but being killed in open wea- 
 ther, they are fo bitter, that they are not worth the 
 eating. 
 
 Thirdly, the Wind-throfile, ( or Whindle ) which 
 travels with the Fdfare out of the North, is a fmaljer 
 Bird, with a dark red under his Wing. He breeds in 
 Woods and Shaws as Song-throfiks ufe to do, and hath 
 an indifferent Song, exceeding the two former j but 
 yet they are fitter for the Pot or Spit than for a Gage 
 or Avery. 
 
 The fourth is the JVood-fong-thmJikj and fings moft 
 incomparably, both laviftily, and with variety of Notes : 
 To adde to his eftimation, he fings at lealt nine of the 
 twelve months in the year. 
 
 They build about the fame time, place, and manner 
 as the Black^hird does : her policy in the building of 
 her Neft is much to be admired, fince the compofurc 
 cannot be mended by the art of Man : Befides the cu- 
 rious building, ftie leaves a little hole in the bottom of 
 her Neft, as I conceive to let out the Water, if a vio- 
 lent ftiower ftiould come, that fo her Eggs or young 
 ones may not be drowned. 
 
 They go very loon to Neft if the Weather fa- 
 vour them, and breed three times a year, that is, in 
 March ot Aprils May and June \ but the firft Birds u- 
 fually prove the beft. 
 
 Take them in the Neft when they are fourteen 
 days old , and keep them warm and clean , not 
 fuifering them to fit on their Dung, but fo con- 
 trive it, that they dung over the Neft. Feed them 
 with raw Meat and fome Bread chopped togethes 
 [I 4] wiih 
 
with bruifea Hemp-reed, wetting your Bread before Vou 
 mingle it with ihe meat. 
 
 Being throughly tiedg'd,put them into a Cage where 
 they may have room enough, with two or three Pear- 
 ches, and fome Mofs at the bottom of the Cage, to keep 
 them cleans for otherwife they will be troubled with 
 the Cramp, and for want of delighting in themfejves 
 the finging will be fpoil'd. 
 
 Bread and Hemp -feed is as good food for them as 
 can be given : and be mindful of furnifhing them ac 
 kali twice a week withfreQi water,that they may bathe 
 and prune themfelves therein, otherwife they will not 
 thrive. 
 
 The fifth and M is the Heath-throfile, which is the 
 leaft we have in England, Laving z dark breaft Some 
 are of opinion that this bird exceeds the Seng-throfik 
 having better Notes, and neater Plume. ' - 
 
 The Hen builds by the Heath-fide in a Furz-buffi, 
 or ftump of an old Haw-thorn, and makes not Shaw? 
 3nd Woods her haunt as other throjiles do. She begins 
 not to breed till the middle of ^^ri/ , and breeds but 
 twice in a year •, and if kept clean and well fed, will 
 iing three parts in four of the whole year. Their man- 
 ner of breeding is in: like-fort as the former. 
 ^ To know the Cock from the Hen, according to old 
 Country- judgment, is to chufe the top-bird of theNeif 
 which commonly ismoft fledg'd. Others think that to* 
 be the Cock which hath the largeft Eye,and moft fpec- 
 Kles on his breaft. Others chufe the Cock by the pinion 
 of his \^ ing, if it hath a very dark black that goes a- 
 crofs It i but a|)ove all, chufe him thus : If his Gullet 
 be vvhite with black ftreaks on each fide, his fpots on 
 his Breaft large and black, having his head of a light 
 Ihinmg brown, with black ftreaks under each Eye and 
 upon thepinion of the Wing ; thefe are the beft marks 
 thateverlobfeived. 
 
 ' Of 
 
£Df f oluli'nff* 167 
 
 Ofthe ROBIN-RED-BREAST. 
 
 IT is the opinion of fome, that this little King of . 
 Birds for fweetnefs of Note comes not much (hore 
 of the Nightingale. It is a very tender Bird, and there- 
 fore muft have its Cage lined. They breed very early 
 in the Spring, and commonly thrice a year. 
 
 When the young are about ten days old, take them 
 from the old ones , and keep them in a little Bower- 
 basket : if they tarry long in the Neft , they viWX be 
 fullen, and therefore more difficultly brought up : yo^ 
 muft feed them as you feed the Nightingale in all re- 
 fpe<as : finding them grow ftrong, put them into a 
 Cage, put Mofs in the bottom thereof , and let them 
 Hand warm. 
 
 The way of taking a Kohin-red-hreaji is fo eafie and 
 common, that every Boy knows how to take him in a 
 Pit-fall i but with a Trap-cage and a Meal-worm you 
 may take half a fcore in a day : Hearing them fing, 
 keep thofe birds which moft delight you. If you take 
 any without hearing them fmg, thus you (hall know 
 whether he be Cock or Hen h if a Cock, his breaft will 
 he of a darker red, and his red will go farther up upon 
 the head than the Hens. 
 
 Ofthe WREN. 
 
 THis Bird in my opinion is a pretty (met dappei 
 Songfter, being of a nature chearful ; as he is 
 pkafant to the Earjfo he is to the Eye i and when he 
 
 fmgs 
 
1^8 0f JFofdrmg:* 
 
 fings cocks up his Tail, and throws out his Notes with 
 fo much alacrity and pleafure , that I know not any 
 bird of its bignefs n^ore delights the fenfe of Hea- 
 ling. 
 
 This Bird builds twice a year, about the latter end of 
 Aprils in fhrubs where Ivy grows thjck,and fometimes 
 in old Hovels and Barns. They lay a nunrnerous quan- 
 tity of Eggs j and I can affure you I have feen a Neft 
 containing two and twenty : herein are two things 
 greatly to be wondred at i ftrA, that fo fmall a bird 
 ftiould cover fuch a great quantity of Eggs j fecondly, 
 when they have hatched, to feed them all , and not to 
 mifs one bird, and in the dark alfo. 
 
 Their fecond time of breeding is in the middle of 
 June ; of either breed, what you intend to keep rauft 
 betaken out of the Neft at thirteen or fourteen days 
 old. Let their food be Sheeps*heart and Egg minced 
 very fmall, or Calves or Heifers-heart i but be fure to 
 clear them of the Fat and Sinews, which muftbe a ge- 
 neral rule to be obferved for all Meat-birds. Feed them 
 in the Neft every day very often, but a little at a time i 
 let the inftrument you feed them with be a Stick \ and 
 when you obferve them to pick it off of their own ac-- 
 cord, then cage them, and putting meat to them in a 
 little Pan, and about the fides of the Cage, to entice 
 them to eat j however, have a care to feed them too, 
 left they ncgled: themfelves and die. When they can 
 feed themfelves very well, give them once in three days 
 a Spider,br two. You may teach them to whiftle tunes 
 if you fo defire it •, for they are eafily taught, being a 
 bhd that's very docible. Here note, if they be fed with 
 Pafte, they will live longer than if they fed upon Hearts. 
 The browneft and largett of the young IVrens are the 
 Cocks. 
 
 Of 
 
flDf f otuiing* 
 
 Of the WOOD-LARK. 
 
 SOme prefer the Wood-larh^ before the Nightingale •, 
 but it is of this bird as all others, forae are more 
 excellent in length and fweetnefs of Song. 
 
 This bird breeds the fooneft of any we have, by rea- 
 bn of his extraordinary mettlefomenefs : and there- 
 fore if they are not taken in the beginning oi February 
 It leaii* they grow fo rank that they will prove good 
 
 'or nothing. 
 
 The places this bird moft delights in are gravelly 
 erounds , and Hills lying towards the Orient, and in 
 Oat-ftubs. Their building is in your Laiers grounds, 
 where the Grafs is rank and ruffet, making their Nefts 
 of Bennet-grafs, or dead Grafs of the field vinder fome 
 large Tuffet, to (helter them from the injury of the wea- 
 
 This Bird hath very excellent pleafant Notes, with 
 ereat variety, infomuch that I have obferved fome have 
 hadalmoft thirty feveral Notes i which if they fing 
 lavifti, is a moft ravilbing melody or harmony , if the 
 Nightingale joyn in confort. 
 
 Thefe Birds are never bred from theNefts as ever 
 I could hear: I have feveral times attemjpted it, but to 
 no purpofe i for notwithftanding my greateft care, 
 they died in a Week, either of the Cramp or Scow- 
 
 The times of the year to take them are Jme.Jaly, 
 Amuii; and then they arc called young Br^wckrj, ha- 
 ving not yet moulted. They are taken likewife at the 
 latter end of -^e^icw^eri but having then moulted, the 
 
 young and old are not diftinguilhable, 
 
 JLiwiTiy, 
 
i7<5 Of jFoMmg* 
 
 Laftly, they are taken from the beginning of Ja^ 
 mary to the latter end of February , at which time 
 they are all coupled and returned to their Breeding- 
 places. 
 
 The way to take them in June, July, and Augujl, is 
 with an Hobby, after this manner ; get out in a dewy 
 Morning, and go to the fides of fomc Hills which He 
 to the riling of the Sun, where they moft ufualiy fre- 
 quent i and having fprung them, obferve where they 
 fall i then furroundr them twice or thrice with you^ 
 Hobby on your Fill, caufing him to hover when you 
 draw near, by which means they will lie ftill till you 
 clap a Net over them, which you carry on the point of 
 a Stick. js- 
 
 If three or four go together, take a Net like, one 
 made for Partridges : when you go with a Setting-dog 
 onely, the Mefh muli be fmaller, that is, a W)^-me(h i , 
 aiad then your Hobby to the Lark^ is like a Setting-dog 
 to Partridges, and with your Net at one draught you 
 may take the whole flock. 
 
 The If^ood-lark^thzt is taken in June, July, and Au- 
 gujl will fing prefently, but will not laft long, by rea- 
 (on of their moulting. That which is taken in Janw 
 ary 2Lnd. February will fing in five or fix days, or fooner i 
 and thefe are the belt, being taken in full ftomack, and 
 are more perfe<5t in their Song than thofe taken at o- 
 iher feafons. 
 
 If in the Cage you find him grow poor at the be- 
 ginning of the Spring, give him every two or three 
 days a Turff of Three-lea v'd-grafs, (as isufedtothe, 
 Skie'lar\) and boil him a Sheeps heart and mince : 
 it finall, mingling it among his Bread, Egg , and 
 Hemp-feed, which will caufe him to thrive e^itraordi- 
 narily. 
 
 If he be troubled with Lice., (a Diftemper he is com- 
 monly afflided withal ) take him out of the Cage, and 
 
 fmoak 
 
Of f oMinff* 17 1 
 
 *moak him with Tobacco i give him frefh gravel, and 
 'et him in a hot place where the Sun fliines, and this • 
 ill cure him if he have ftrength to bask in the 
 
 land. 
 
 Ifyou would have him fing lavi(h, feed him with 
 Cheeps-heart, Egg, Bread and Hemp-feed mixt toge- 
 ither, and put into his water a little Liquoriih , white 
 Sugar-candy , and Saffron : Let this be done once a 
 
 week. 
 
 Upon the firft taking of your Wood-lark^ thus muft 
 you do •, you muft put into your Cage two Pans, one iot 
 minc'd meat, and another for Oat-meal and whole 
 Hemp-feed. Then having boil'd an Egg hard, take the 
 crums of white Bread, the like quantity of Hemp-feed 
 pounded in a Mortar,and mingle your Bread and it with 
 your Egg minc'd very fmall, and give it him. Let there 
 be at the bottom of the Cage fine red Gravel, and let 
 It be (hlftcd every week at farthcf^ i for he delights 
 to bask in the Sand , which will not be convenient if 
 fourd with his Dung. Let the pearch of the Cage be 
 lift'd with green Bays,or which is better,make a pearch 
 of a Mat : and left they fhould not find the Pan fo foon 
 as they (hould do, to prevent famine, ftrewupon the 
 Sand fome Oat- meal and Hemp-feed. 
 
 How to know the Cock is thus : firft, the lar^nefs 
 and length of his Call: Secondly, his tall walking: 
 Thirdly, at Evenings the doubling of his Note, which 
 Artifis C2i\\ Cuddling ', but ifyou hear him fing ftrong, 
 you cannot be deceived. 
 
 Here note, that if a Bird fingsnot that is taken in 
 February and January within one month after, you may 
 conclude him not worth the keeping, or clfe is an Hen 
 
 infiillibly. , . , • 
 
 The Wood-lar\ as it is naturally endewed with m- 
 comparable notes, fo it is a tender Bird, and difficult 
 to be kfpt i but if rightly ordered, and well look'd to. 
 
472 SDf JFoMitto:* 
 
 will be a moft delightful Songfter to its Matter ^ 
 growing better and better every year even to the very 
 laft. 
 
 Thefe Birds are very fubjedt to the Cramp , Gid- 
 dinefs in the Head, and to Loulinefs. The beft reme- 
 dy to prevent the Cramp, is to (hift the Cage often with 
 frefh Gravel,otherwife the Dung will clog to their feet, 
 which caufeth the Cramp. The giddinefs of the Head 
 proceedeth from feeding upon much Hemp-feed : per- 
 ceiving this diftemper , give him fome Gentles, ( the 
 common Bait for Fi(her-men ) Hog-lice, Emmets and 
 their Eggs, with Liquorifh, all put into water, will 
 ferve in their ftead, and will cure immediately. Louzi- 
 nefs Cwhich caufeth leannefs in this bird) is cured as I 
 faid before by fmoaking Tobacco. 
 
 Of the S K I E-L A R K : the fever d ways 
 
 to take them -, and when taken, 
 
 how to order them. 
 
 THere is a great difference tetween one Skje-lark, 
 and another i for one may not be worth two 
 pence, when another (hall be worth two pounds. 
 
 This Bird is very hardy, and will live upon any 
 food in a manner, fo that he have but once a week a 
 TurffofThree-leav'd-gvafs. As the ^TW-WI^ hath 
 young ones in March, the S^k-larh, hath rarely any till 
 the middle of May. They commonly build in Corn, 
 or thick high grafs Meadows, and feldom have more 
 than four : take them at a fortnight old , and at firft 
 give them minced Iheeps- heart with a chopt hard Egg 
 mingled : when they can feed alone, give them Bread, 
 Hemp-feed, and Oat-meal, let the Bread be min- 
 gled 
 
S)f if otoiittff^ 173 
 
 gtcd with Egg, and the Herap-feed bruifed : Let them 
 have Sand in the bottom of their Cagei Pearches there- 
 in are to no purpofe. 
 
 As the ?rW-/^r^ is taken with Net and Hobby, fa 
 may the SJqelarkjic taken alfo. They are taken like- 
 wife in dark nights with a Trammel •, this Net is about 
 fix and thirty yards long,and fix yards over,run through 
 with iix ribs of Pack-thread ; which ribs at the ends 
 ire put upon two Poles fixtcen foot long , made taper 
 It each end, and fo is carried between two men half a 
 yard from the ground i every fix fteps touching the 
 ground, to caufe the Birds to fly up, other wife you may- 
 carry the Net over them without difturbing them : 
 hearing them fly againft the Net, clap it down, and they 
 are fafe under it. This is a very murdering Net, taking 
 ill forts of birds that it comes near, as Vartridges^^ails^ 
 Woodcocks, Snipes^ Felfares, and what not, alraoft in e- 
 l^ery dark night. 
 
 The next way of taking them is with a pair of 
 Day-nets and a Glafs, which is incomparable paftime 
 in a Frofty Morning. Thefe Nets are commonly fe- 
 iren Foot deep , and Fifteen long , knit with your 
 French Me(h , and very fine Thread. Thefe Nets 
 :ake all forts of fmall Birds that come within their 
 !^ompafs , as Bunting'lark/ , and Linnets in abun- 
 dance. 
 
 Thefe Larkj are alfo taken by a Low-bell , with a 
 5reac light carried in a Tub both by one man, and the 
 ^Jet by another » this Bell and Light fo amazeth them, 
 hat they lie as dead, and ftir not till the Net overcaft 
 :hem. By this Bell are all forts of Fowls and Birds 
 :aken, zs Partridge 2ind Fheafanty and if the Bell be 
 00 wd, or very deep, P«cj^, Mallard^ Woodceck^y and 
 ?«//>e may be taken. 
 
 The laft way of taking Larh^ is in a great 
 ^now, by taking an hundted or two hundred yards 
 
 of 
 
174 ' Of jFolufitti):* 
 
 of Pack-threacJ, faltning at every fix inches a Moofe 
 made with Horfe-hair •> two hairs are fufficient. Now 
 fince I have already defcribed this way of taking Larkif-, 
 I (hall defift, and onely inform you that thofe Larks you 
 intend to preferve for Gnging, muft be taken in OCiober 
 or November : Chufe the ftraighteft, largeft, and loftieft 
 Bird, and he that hath moft white on his Tail, four 
 thefe are the marks of the Cock, Obfervc in this Bird, 
 as in all others, that you give no fait Meat, nor Bread 
 feafon'd with fait. 
 
 Of the LINNET. 
 
 THeir Ncfts are ufually in Thorn-buQies and Furz- 
 bu(hcs •> and fome of the hotter fort of them will 
 breed four times a year. The young ones may be taken 
 at four days old,if you intend to teach them to whiftle, 
 or learn the Song of other Birds: for being fo young, 
 they know not the tune of the old Bird. Being (o 
 young, keep them very warm, and feed them often, 
 and a little at a time : there mult be bruifed foaked 
 Kape-feeds, with the like quantity of white bread, ol 
 which there muft be frefti made every day to prevent 
 fowring, which will make them fcowr to death : let 
 not their Meat be too dry, for fear of being Vent- 
 burnt. If you intend they (hall whiftle, do you whiftle 
 to them in the time of Feeding, being more apt tc 
 learn before they can crack hard feeds. Whatever Bird 
 you intend your Linnet (hall learn his Notes of, hang 
 him under it, and he will perfectly imitate him : nay. 
 fo docible this Bird is, as I have been credibly infor- 
 med, that fome of them have been taught to fpeak, 
 To know the Cock from the Hen, mult not alwayj 
 
 b& 
 
£)firoMnt£f^ 175 
 
 be difcovered by their Breafis \ but the Cock is beft 
 known by the brownnefs of his Back and the white 
 in his Wing i t[iat is to fay, take your young Linnet 
 when the Wing-feathers are grown, and Ihetchout his 
 Wing, holding his body fafl: with the other hand i and 
 then obferve the white upon the fourth, hfth, and 
 fixth Feather *, if it caft a gliftering white , and the 
 white goes clofe to the Quil, this is a fure fign of a 
 Gock. 
 
 Many are the Difeafes of this Bird, as the Ptifick, 
 known by his panting, flaring Feathers, lean Brealt, 
 and {pilling his Seeds up and down the Cage » and 
 this Difeafe happens for want of Water, or for want 
 of green Meat in the Spring : He is troubled alio 
 with Streins or Convulfions of the Breaft : Sonnetimes 
 he is afflided with hoarfnefs in his voice, being over- 
 ftrein'd in finging : he is fometimes melancholy , at 
 other times afflided with fcowring, of which there are 
 three forts s the firft is thin, and with a black or white 
 fubftance in the middle, not very dangerous > the fe- 
 cond is between a black and white, clammy and flick- 
 ing, this is bad *, but the third and laft is moft raorraK 
 which is the white clammy fcowring : The feveral 
 Cures I fiiall not here fet down for brevity fake, but re- 
 fer you to the care of the Bird-merchant. 
 
 Of the GOLD-FINCH, or CHRIST- 
 M A S'F 00 Ufocaf/ed in Norfolk. 
 
 THey are taken in great plenty about Michaelmof^ 
 and will foon become tame. The beauty of this 
 Birds feverally-colout'd Feathers is not much taken 
 notice of, becaufe they are fo common among us j but 
 
 [m] they 
 
11 6 (Df jfoiDimo:. , 
 
 they have been fo noted and valued beyond Sea, that 
 they have been tranfported in great quantifies fpt 
 great rarities. 
 
 They breed commonly in Apple-trees and Plutri- 
 trees thrice a year. You muft take the young ones 
 with the Neft at ten days old, and feed them after this 
 n^anner : Take fome of the beft Hemp-feed, pound it, 
 lift it, and mix it with the like quantity of white 
 bread, with fome flower of Canary-feeds i and taking 
 up the quantity of a white Pea wpon a fmall Stick, feed 
 them therewith three or four bits at a time, making 
 fre(h every day : You muft keep thefe Birds very warm 
 till they can feed themfelves, for their nature is veyy 
 tender. 
 
 For the purgation of this Bird, as well as all others 
 which feed on Hemp-feed, take the feeds of Mellons, 
 Succory, and Mercury, which is a principal Herb for 
 the Linnet \ but the beft for the Gold-finch are Lettice 
 and Plantain i and nothing can be more wholefome 
 for him than Wall or Loom-earth, and fome fine 
 Sand, and a lump or two of Sugar put always into his 
 Cage. 
 
 Of the TIT-LARK. 
 
 THis Bird is very ftiort in his Song, and no variety 
 in it 5 yet fome fancy him for his WhUh^g^ 
 lurriug^ and Clntving : He commonly appears at that 
 time of the year that the Nightingale does, which is 
 the beginning of Jpril, and leaves us at the begin- 
 ning ot September : They are fed when taken as the 
 Nightingale i you muft cram him at firft, for he will 
 not feed himfelf, by reafon he always feeds on live 
 
 meat 
 
f)f jTotolmn:*, 177 
 
 meat in the field, for which caufe he is unacquainted 
 with the meat we offer hinn : when he comes to feed 
 ofhimfelf, he will eat what the fFood-lark^c^its, or al- 
 moft any other meat. 
 
 This Bird breeds about the latter end of Aprils or 
 beginning oi May^ and builds her Neft on the ground 
 by (om£ Pond-fide or Ditch-fide, and feeds her young. 
 with Caterpillars or Flies. They are eafily brought up 
 being hardy, and are not fubje<5t to Colds or Cramps 
 as other Birds are, but live long if preferved with 
 care. If you breed up this Bird young and cleanly, yp,u^ 
 may pleafe your felf with his Song j all that I can fay 
 of it is, Short andfrveet. 
 
 Of the CHAF-FINCH. 
 
 THere is no fcarcity of this Bird , and in my mind 
 fitter for the Spit than a Cage, having but one 
 (hort plain Song, yet for that he is admired by fome^ 
 and kept very charily. 
 
 They build their Nefts in Hedges and Trees of all 
 (brts, and have young ones twice or thrice a yeart 
 they are feldom bred up from the Neft, becaufe they arc 
 not apt to take another Birds Song, nor to whiftle. 
 The EJfeX'finch is beft both for length of Song, and 
 variety, concluding it with feveral Notes very prettily. 
 He is very little fubjed to any Difeafe, onely he is in- 
 clinable' to be veryloufie, if he be notfprinkled with a 
 little Wine twice or thrice a month. 
 
(78 £)f iF0lUltltfif4 
 
 Of the ST A KLING. 
 
 THis Bird is generally kept by all forts of people a- 
 bove any other bird for whiftling i bat their grea- 
 tcft fault is, they have them too fledgM out of the Neft, 
 and that makes them retaiii commonly fo much of their 
 6wn harfti Notes : therefore thofe who do intend to 
 have them excellent, and avoid their own fqueaking 
 Notes, muft take them from the old ones at the end of 
 .three or four days i and thus you muft do to all birds 
 you would learn to whittle, or fpeak, or learn another 
 birds Song by hanging under him. 
 
 0/^k RED-STA RT. 
 
 THis Bird is a Fore-runner of the Nightingale^ and 
 is of a very fullen dogged temper in a cage i but 
 abroad is very chearful, and hath a very pleafant kind 
 of whiftling Song. 
 
 The Cock is fair and beautifully coloured, and is de-' 
 lightful to the eye. They breed thrice a year i the lat- 
 ter end oiAprily in May^ and towards the latter end of 
 June, 
 
 They build ufually in holes of hollow Trees , or 
 under houfe-eaves: She is the Queft bird I know of 
 her building-, for when (he is about her Neft, if (he 
 perceive any look on, ftie forfakes it •, and if you touch 
 an Egg fhe never comes more to the Neft , and if ftic 
 have young ones and you do the like, (he will either 
 ftarve them , or break their Necks over the Neft. 
 
 Now 
 
Now though the old ones are thus dogged , yet if you 
 bring up their young, their nature will alter, and bcf 
 come very tame. , 
 
 Youmuft take them out of the Neft ajjout ten day? 
 old i if they ftay longer, they will learn (bmewhat of 
 the old one's fulJen temper. You muft feed them with 
 Sheeps-heart and Eggs chopped and mi^t together, a- 
 bout the quantity of three white Peas, upon the end 
 of a Stick, when they open their mouths : when they 
 will thus feed, put them into a Cage with meat about 
 it,and a Pan of meat therein ■■, and though he feed him- 
 fclf, yet it will be very fpaiingly for four or five days, 
 wherefore you murt now and then feed him your fclf. 
 Keep him warm in the Winter, and he will tii-»g as wclj 
 in the night as the day. 
 
 -^ 
 
 Of the BULL-FINCH. 
 
 THe BuU'finch hath no Song of his own, nor whi- 
 ttle neither, but is very apt to learn any thing 
 almoft, if taught by the mouth. 
 
 0/^/;^. GREEN-FINCH. 
 
 THis Bird is not worth a keeping for his Song, but; 
 for his colour, and being a hardy heavy bird to 
 ring the Bells. 
 
 They breed very fillily by the High-wayrfide , and 
 early before the Hedges have leaves upon them i which 
 caufes every one to fee their Nefts at fir(l:,fo that feldom 
 their firft Nefts comoC to any thing^. They byeed three 
 
 ' times 
 
i8o £DfiFotDling* 
 
 times a year , and the young ones are very hardy 
 birds to be brought up. You may feed them with 
 white Bread and Rape bruifed and foaked together : 
 He is apter to take the "Whiftle than another Bird's 
 Song. Al! that can be faid of him, he is a very dull 
 Bird, and will never kill himfelf either by fingingor 
 
 whirling. 
 
 Kt> oil f'Mq.'i ,' . ; 
 
 3i/0d£ ■:....« )1j!V7 !;,m.':; '•!•:? jr)!') "; ~- ^""^ 
 
 ^'^l<)f^m'U<^nQM^^^ P A R R o w. 
 
 THis is not fo defpicable a bird as fome would have 
 it \ for if you will mind its Song, you will firtd 
 very delightful Notes, and lings early in the Spring 
 with great variety. Old or young become tame very 
 quickly, and will ilng in a fhort time after they are ta- 
 ken i fo that you take them at the latter end of Janw 
 ary or beginning of February : they Will feed almoft on 
 any thing you give them. 
 
 They commonly build in a White-thorn or private 
 Hedge, laying Eggs much djucrent from other Bird s^ 
 being of a very hne blue colour. This Bird is very 
 tradlable, and will take any bird's Song almoft, if ta- 
 ken young cut of theNeft. I (hall only fpdak a few 
 Experiments -of fjtThers, and deliver fome Obfervations 
 of ray own concerning the length of Birds lives, and 
 which are moft proper for whiiiling, and fo {hall endl 
 this Treatife. 
 
 Firft, As to the length of Birds Lives : Among Nigh- 
 iingales fome live but one year, fome three, fome five, 
 fome eight, and fome twelve » finging better and bet- 
 ter for the firft feven or eight years, and after that 
 decline by little and little : They muft have careful 
 keepers that can preferve their lives to the fifth year i 
 
 experi- 
 
€)f fdtDlmfi:* i8i 
 
 cxfierience informs us, where one lives to that age, an 
 hundred die. 
 
 The IVood-lark^ feldom lives in a Cage above fix 
 yeajfS, and hardly five. 
 
 ihtKohin nd'hreafi x^lz\'j lives above feven years •, 
 for he is a tender Bird, and much fubjedt to the F'al- 
 ling-ficknefs , Cramp, and Oppieffion of the Sco- 
 mack. 
 
 The Skte-lark^zs he is a hardy Bird, (b he is long 
 liv'd alfo. All ibrts of Seed-birds live longer, than a- 
 ny foft-beak'd Birds, efpecially the Canary and Linnet, 
 1 have known a Canary-bird live and fing within a year 
 of twenty i in like manner the Linnet. 
 
 So much as to the Lives of Singing Birds i let us now 
 confider which are moft ht for Whirling. 
 
 In the firft place I look upon the Starling to be'" 
 the beft » and never heard better than at the Grey- 
 Honnd in St. M^iry Ax^ taught and fold by the inge^ 
 nious Mafter of that Houfe. But fince I have fpoken 
 of the Starling and Bull-finch already , I (hall in\\i\ no 
 farther. 
 
 The Blackj bird hath a kind of rude Whiftle •, 
 and if young taken out of the Nelf , is very apt to 
 learn. 
 
 The Robin-red-hreajl is a moft incomparable Bird 
 for the Whiltle , and to Speak alfo. A Robin is 
 a hot-mettled Bird , and therefore he muli not be in 
 the hearing of another , wherefore if you breed two, 
 let them be feparated into two feveral Rooms, that 
 they may not hear , and fo confequently fpoil each o- 
 ther. 
 
 The Canary-bird will learn to Whittle any thing al- 
 raolt, if taken young out oftheNcli, otherwife not i 
 for being a very hot-mettled Bird, he will run upon his 
 own Song do what you can. 
 
 The Linnet will learn any Tune almoftj if not too 
 [m 4] long^ 
 
i82 ©f jfOtDltttg* 
 
 long, and too full of variety. Learn him one Tur>e 
 firft, then another, keeping him dark and ftill, out of 
 the noife of other Birds. 
 
 Take this for a general Rule for all Birds, That the 
 younger they be, the better they will prove, and an- 
 fwer your expe(^ation for all your trouble and paln|S 
 in bringing up and keeping them. 
 
 An 
 
f)f f otDUng. '■ 183 
 
 
 An Abftrad 
 
 Offuch 
 
 STATUTE-LAWS 
 
 As concern 
 
 FOWLING. 
 
 N 
 
 Stat. II Hen. 7. cap. 17. 
 
 j^ne Cball taKe iPfieafant^ oi patttiB-^ 
 ^ , ge0tt)it&€ugine0maiiot6er'jsg?oimli 
 toifbDUt Licenfe, tn pain of lo i. to be otbi- 
 Beti bettoixt tlje I)tDnet of tfie (^?ounn ann 
 P^oCecuto?* 
 
 rStat, 25 Hen. 8. cap. 11. 
 
 l5one ftall neffrnp o? tafee atoap tfie (JSggsS 
 of anp CBilti f 0M3 in paitt to forfeit foi 
 etietp Cgg af a Crane o? 'BuftatU fo taken 
 0? oefttopen 20 d. Of a 'Bittern, ^etn, oi 
 ^f)0 Wanti 8 d. ano of a ^allacn^'Ceal, oi 
 otfiet mtlti^f oM id. tobenmoetiljettoijct 
 tfie »ing ann tlie p^ofecuto?. 
 
 Stae. 
 
Stat. 23Eliz. cap. lo. 
 
 5l5aitc ffiall Ml nt take aitp prjcafantis 
 n? partnnpis toitl) anp il5et o? engine, 
 tn t6e mgljt-tlttie> in pain to faifeit fo? eljecp 
 pgearant 20 s. ^ntJ fo^ eUert) l^totitige 10 s. 
 tn^icj if tge ©ffentier pap not loitf)itt ten 
 tiai^jS, 6e fljall fuffer one montftsS amp^ifon- 
 ttient tDitfiout TBail, ant» enter into Tdonti 
 (fo? tlDO ^eatjs) tDitS gooti^uretie!^ before 
 fottie 31«fttcej5 of lS)eace5 not to offenn intfie 
 
 like kinti, n"0'>no:v ?j 
 
 "11. Bone fljall mM o^^unt tnitlj W 
 ^paniel0 in ffannino: i^iaitty 0? Defoie it iis 
 ^tocken ( etcept in w omx ^loium, 01 
 tDitlj tfje OiBner'^ confent) in pam to forfeit 
 40 s. to tl)t Otuner of tfje fain i^jounu, to tie 
 tecojjeten ai3 afo^efaiD. . ^ 
 
 W^ ^it fljaU not teatain jTaMetjeiiuSij 
 untoitlinglj^ tafte IPfjcafantjs o^iS)actt(0gei5, 
 mjl)i fo^tfiUjitlj iet tljemgo at latge* 
 
 Stat. I Jacob, cap. 27, 
 
 Cl)erp petfon cohbtcteu bpi)i^ olun Con- 
 feaion, 01 bp tU3o fflitnelfe^ upon C>atlj, 
 Mole ttno o^Utble futticeji of Ig^eace, to 
 t)au mm 01 Caken anp i^fieafant, par« 
 triDge, Pigeon, o^ otfjer i^ame > o? to ijalje 
 tal^en o? neiftopeti tfte €m^ of Sl)earant0, 
 paitnogeis, oi ^loan0, fhail l)p tfje fain 
 juilice^ be committed to p^tfon luitbout 
 'Bnil,unIef0 !je itmitetiiatelp pap to tlje ufc 
 of tlje &m liuijere tlje £Dffence toass commit-' 
 
 ten 
 
ieti,o? 8e appieljeittJet!, 20 s. fo? etietj> jf otol 0? 
 Cso: fo feii!cri,talteit o^ nelicopen ■■> aitti aftcc 
 mt ^ontf)!5 Cottimttment, ftall ftcfo^c tuia 
 ni mo?e3l«ftKej5 ot'PeaceiJC tounu UJitlj ttna 
 fuff icient ^uretiess in 20 1. apiece3U)it!j contii- 
 tioit mux to offenn in tf)e like kinn agaiiu 
 
 n. €Decp perfan contJictet! a0 nbo^jefaiti, 
 to keep a (^jej^-fioimUj Dog, 02 Bet to kill 
 0? take Deer, ^pace, ic^ljeafantv 01 par- 
 ttttjge (unlef^ frefjaije snfientance of loi. 
 
 per Annum, a leafe fO| life of 30I. per Annum, 
 
 01 be loo^tl) 200 1. lit (^CDti03 01 otljetrUJife be 
 tfte ^on of a OBaton 01 ^im])U 01 ^tit 
 apparent of an €fqmre) fljall fuffer Impn- 
 foitmeitt a«5 afoiefain, imlefis Ije pap 40 s. to 
 tlje life aboMain* 
 
 III. mom ftall fell, oj buj> to fell agaitt 
 anp Pfteafant 0? partringe , ( except bp 
 tljem reared up 0^ b^ougljt from beponn 
 ^ea ) in pain to forfeit fo^ eberp I5beafant 
 20 s. ann etierp l^artriuire 10 s. to be nibioetJ 
 bettoirt tije lS)^ofecuto? antitfje pco? oftfje 
 parifljtoljere fuel) SDffence i0 committeo* 
 
 Stat. 7 Jacob, cap. ii. 
 
 €betp petfon conbicteti bp \)i^ om Con* 
 felTion, 01 bp tUJO mitntKm upon C>atl}, be- 
 fore tvro 01 mo}t :ju(liCE^ of Peace, to imt 
 ^auiketi, o^ueltropeti anpp})£afanto^lpar= 
 tritige, betft3ij:t tlje firft of July anti tlje laft 
 0f Auguft, Iballfaifer one ?3onetb0\J.mpn= 
 fonment Uiitljout osail, unlefs fje pap to tlje 
 ufe oftbe PaJiiuijere t^e Offence iua^ com- 
 
 mitten 
 
i85 £Df f OMUtff. 
 
 ntittelija^lje app?e6etttieti 4© s. fat t^m time 
 fa fiaiuhiiio:? arm *o s. foi eijerp ipjcafant ai 
 }i artritiije fo taken oi Ueff co^en : 'But tW 
 offence ftall fie p^afecuteti luitSin fijc montfiis 
 after it (tial! be contmitteti* 
 
 1 1. 3it ffiail ije laluful fo? tlje Eo?ti of a 
 ^anno?, oi mv fiaiiino: fcee mntmx , lin- 
 hecitance of 40 1. per Annum, jfree-j)ol0 of 
 
 80 1. per Annum, 01 ^OJtljS UJO^tlj 400 1- 0? tfteiC 
 
 €)etDants3 ( Licenfen tip tfiem ) to take 
 l^ljeafantjs 0? paminge^tDitljintfteit oton 
 4^?omnij3i 01 precinct, fo tfjei^ tio it in t(je 
 tiap'time, ann onlp Ijettuiict Michaeimafs ano 
 
 phriftmafs. 
 
 T I T. 3if mxv pcif on of a mean connition 
 ftalf be conlJictcn lip fjtjs oiun Confelfion, oi 
 bp one OLlitnefjs upon ©atlj before ttuo o? 
 ino?e 2uftice!£$ of tlje Wtuty to ijaue killen 
 oiCalii^n anp Pfienfant o? 13at:tntin;elMitJ( 
 2)oo:05JI5ef^,o? €nmt^M fijall lip tlje faiti 
 3;Uftice£J be Committeti to p^ifon untljout 
 'Bail, unlef0 be pap to tbe tife of tbe \Ssqi 
 \ni]ztz tbe ©ffence toa^ committed 20 s. foj 
 tutp l^bcafant 01 l^acttribge fo killeti o| 
 taken: ^nb alfo become bounli before one 
 o?mo^e luff Ice of Peace in a Kecognifance 
 pf 20 1. mut to offenb in tbe (ike kinbea-- 
 gaim ' > . 
 
 IV. Cbetp Conffable 01 l^eabboiougfi 
 ( upon ailartant unber tfte banb of tuio 
 jmitz^ of ipeace ) batb pobaee to featcf) 
 t&e i^oufess of petfon^ fufpecteb to babe 
 
mv%ttt\m"'DoQ^ 01 mm fon6et|}eta= 
 kim of P6eafaitt0,o? partrmgesj i ann tbe 
 Dort^ 01 Bmmtt fottttH to Itill ant cut 
 in pieces at meafure^ajsi tWngjs fo^fciteD un-- 
 totf)efaHȣ)fficeti5* 
 
 V. ii)e tf)at ftall U punif^ti tjp tjettue 
 of t6i0 act, fliall not be pumftieti aptn Jn? 
 uertucof ani? otljet JLato foi tfie fame m 
 fence* 
 
 The 
 
'' ■■'■':■ :"*--ri r'uT. ijinsZi, 
 
 
 '- ♦»^^/*T'te^ 
 
THE 
 
 GEKTLE MAN'S 
 
 Recreation : 
 
 Containing 
 
 DIRECT RULES 
 
 FOR THAT 
 
 !h(ohle and Delightful 
 
 ARTOF 
 
 ANGLING: 
 
 Wliereimto is annexed 
 
 An Abftradt of all fuch Statute 
 
 or penal Laws relating to that Curious 
 Art. 
 
 The Fourth Tart, 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by ^f: C. fbr A^C 
 
<l 
 
OF 
 
 FISHING 
 
 The IntroduBion. 
 
 
 l^-^j N G L I N G is an excellent Ait, 
 which as it pleads great Anti- 
 quity, fb the knov; ledge thereof 
 
 is with much difficulty to be ob- 
 tained: and indeed it bears fonie 
 fimilitude to Poetry in this, that 
 as it is faid, Focta. nafcitur^ non 
 fit^ fo ought the Pifcator or Fifli- 
 :r-man to have a natural inclination unto the Art of 
 \ngling, or his knowledge therein will be always 
 iull and imperfeclj not but that it may be much 
 leightncd by pradtice and experience. 
 
 Now he that intends to be his Crafts-mafter in this 
 larmlefs Paftime or Recreation, rauft not onely dili- 
 gently fenrch and enquire into the niyfteries and depths 
 5f this Art, but muft alfo be furni/lied, as atorclaid, 
 A'ith anatur^al propenllty thereunto, attended with 
 hlope and Patience : And having gotten by obferva- 
 ■ionand paclice a competent knowledge, or having 
 
 G .. conquer- 
 
2 s:^e 5!ntrot)uctton. 
 
 conquer'd the difficulties of Angling, it will then not 
 onely prove pleafant, but profitable, and be like Ver- 
 tue, a Reward to it felf. 
 
 Now that I may farther commend this ingenious 
 profeflion, be pleafed to take notice of the Antiquity 
 thereof^ feme faying it is as ancient as Deucalion's 
 Flood, Some attribute it to the invention of one Be- 
 huy the firft Author of vertuous Recreations. Others 
 fay that Seth left the knowledge of Angling to his 
 polterity ingravcn on brazen Pillars with the firft Ru- 
 diments of the Mathematicks, and other ufeful Arts ^ 
 by which means they were prefcrved from perifhing 
 in the univerfal Deluge. 
 
 Divers are the opinions of men concerning the An- 
 tiquity of this Art: letitfuffice, that certainly it is 
 older than Chrill's Incarnation , for both foh and the 
 Prophet Amos m^ike mention of Fifli-hooks, and con- 
 fequently there raufl be Anglers then in thofe days 
 
 The next thing that ofers it fdf in the commen- 
 dation of this Art, is the benefit of Contemplation, 
 -which is acquired hereby ^ which is a thing faccor- 
 dingto the opinion of fome learned Cloifter'd men) 
 to be preferred before Aftion, becaufe fay they) 
 it makes us mortr.ls the nearer to come to the Crea- 
 tor by wny of imitation ^ for he is all Contemplation 
 of his own infiaite Power Goodncis, d"c. 
 
 But waving this, I cannot let flip the exprefllon of 
 an ingenious Forreiner, who faid, That Ri-vers and the* 
 Jrihabita-nts of the watry Elcmem wne made for wife 
 men tocomem^late^ afid fools to fa^ by without confide- 
 r^tion. Modefty will not permit me to rank my 
 fel f in the number of the firft ^ and Ifliall endeavour 
 to clear my Icif from thefcandal ofthe laft, by giving 
 you a (horc account of Rivers and their watry Inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 1 niall fit ft difcourfe of Rivers : one whereof I have 
 
 read 
 
Ci^e gintronuctian. 3 
 
 read of^fcituate in £p;Vw,which hath a flrange double 
 and concrarv property ^ the one is,that it will cxtin- 
 guifh any Torch that is lighted : and the other is, to 
 light a Torch never lighted before. 
 
 The River Silarm in a few hours will (as report 
 faithj convert a Rod into Stone. And 1 m felf 
 know a Lough in helayid^ that in fome years will 
 cGn\^rt Wood into Stone, of which are made the bell 
 Hor!.^, Cambden mnkcs mention of a Well near 
 Kerhy hi Cumberland^ that ebbs and flow^ feyeral times 
 every da v. 
 
 The fame Author makes mention of the River 
 Adole in Surrey,^ which, running ieveral miles under 
 ground,beingoppofed by Hil!s,at lafl; breaks out again 
 ib far off, thai the Inhabitants thereabout boall ras 
 the Spaniards of the River yima) that they htc. feve- 
 ral Flocks ofSheep on a green Bridge. There is fuch 
 another green Bridge in Wales^ the River running a 
 great way under ground, and there difemboguing it 
 felf into the Sea. Some thereabout report, that they 
 have put a living Goofe into the Kole where the Wa- 
 ter fal's,and flie hath fwum out at.the other end ^ but 
 with no Feathers on her back. 
 
 Mi'J' homoi May in his Hiftory of The Reign of King 
 Henry f/?f Sccow^, relates two ftrange things fromr/'i- 
 caldiu Cambrefjfis, of certain Wells in Ireland. His 
 Words are thcle : 
 
 yi Well there is in Munfter to hefeet?^ _ 
 Within Vfhoje Waters whofoe're hath been 
 Once drench" d^his Hair fir eight takes an hoary dye, 
 
 Ji .other Fountain ofcjmte contrary 
 EjfeEi to that in Ulftcr Springs \ for there 
 Thofe that have waped once^ how old fee* re^ 
 ShaH never after have a.)i hoary Hair, 
 
 G 3 Anothes 
 
4 Cl^e %nttoMctmx, 
 
 Another thing, though againft Nature, yet for the 
 ftrangenefs of it 1 cannot choofe but relate, and that 
 is of a certain F.iver near Harwood in Bcdfordjioirey 
 ■which 111 the year of our Loid 1399, (alii tie before 
 the Civil Wars between the Houfesof Tork^^nd Lan- 
 caster burlt iorthj ofafuddcn ftood ftil), and divi- 
 ded it felf alunder,fo that men might pafs three miles 
 togccher or foot down the midft of the Chjpnel, 
 leaving the Waters like a Wail behind them, f^^eed 
 in his Defcript. i)^<^/<?r^. 
 
 I fhall conclude with two of the ftrangefl Rivers 
 that ever were heard of. Thefirfl is a River called 
 EleHJlna^ which is fo merrily difpofed, (if you will 
 believe a man of no lefs Authority than y^rifiot I e)th^t 
 it will dance to a fiddle, bubling at the noife of Mu- 
 lick, and will grow very muddy ^ but as foon as the 
 JMuflck ceafeth, it reafeth its motion, returning to its 
 fc imer calmnefs and clearneis The other is as won- 
 derful, cind fif you will believe Jo/fp/^^/.f that learned 
 Jew) it is n River in Jnd^a^ which runs very fwiftly 
 all the fix days of the Week, but refteth on the Se- 
 venth, which is the Jewifli Sabbath. 
 
 And now a w«rd or two concerning Fjfh : Pliny 
 faith, That NatU! 's great and wonderful power is 
 aioredcmonftrated in the Sea than on the Land : and 
 this may appear by thofe numerous and various Crea- 
 tures which inhabit in and about that Element^ which 
 "Will appear more at large,ifvou will read their Hifto- 
 ly written either h-^ Kohdclcttm^ Gcfiier^ JohnftontM, or 
 ^Idrovandm. The number and the various fliapes of 
 thife Fillies are not more Urange, than their dillerent 
 Natuies, Inclinations and A-ftions. Give me leave to 
 Ipeak a iittle hereof. 
 
 There is a Fifh cal^d the Cntth-flflj^ which will 
 caftalong Gut out of her Throat, with which (he an- 
 gles: For lyini; obfcurejy in the Mud, fhe permits 
 
 fmall 
 
Cfte gitttvoDuction* s 
 
 fmall Fifli to nibble at it, and by that means draws 
 them near her by little and little, till coming withm 
 her reach, fhe leaps upon them and devours them : 
 hence (he is called the 5e^->^«^/f»'. 
 
 The Bermit isaFilhthat wlien fhe grows old will 
 feek out a dead Fini'siliell, fit for her purpofe and 
 there dwell lecluded from all company, Itudying no- 
 thing more than how to defend herfelf againftthe 
 iniuriesofWind and Weather. 
 
 The S^r^Hs is a FiOi fo lafcivious, (as DH-Bartas 
 exprefleth it rarely well; that when he cannot hnd 
 change of Mates enough in the Sea, he will get afhore 
 and Cuckold a Goat. 
 
 Goes courting ShcGoats on thegraffy Shore, 
 Horning their Husbands that had Horns before. 
 
 Whereas it is reported that the Mullet is To chaft, that 
 when fhe is deprived of her Mate, fhe will follow him 
 to the fhore and dye. , c r }^ r,i 
 
 Ther..p.^.. or Cramrfih '^ ^^^^.^^ ^? ^''^"'^"^ 
 and poyfonous a nature, that all other Fifh that conie 
 within her reach are immediately ftupificd and with- 
 out motion, fo that they eafilv become her prev-nay, 
 fhe will (b fuddenly convey her Poy Ion up the Rod and 
 Line of the Angler, when fhe feels her ielf entangled, 
 that his Hands and Arms immediately lofing their 
 
 ftren2th,become nummed and lenfelefs. 
 
 The 5r.%;;^r^ hath as rare and ftrangeawayof 
 
 defending her felf fromthe Anglers fubtilty, as any 
 
 Fini whatever, if we may credit the relation of I)«- 
 
 Bartoiy whofe words are thefe : 
 
 G 5 ^'^^ 
 
6 ci^e gitttroDuctton. 
 
 But if the Scolopcndra havefticktin 
 The foyer e-fweet morfelwith the barbed pin. 
 She hath as rare a Trtckjo rid her from it ^ 
 For in(l ant ly file all her Guts will vomit ^ 
 • jlnd having clear'' d them from the danger^ then 
 She fair andjoftly fups them in agaiu^ 
 So that riot one of them within her Womb 
 Changeth his Office or his wonted room. 
 
 The Remora is a Fifh of foftrange and fecret a pro- 
 perty (and for that reafon is often ufed for a Meta- 
 phor) that as the fame Du-Bartas faith. 
 
 Let all the Winds in one Wind gather them. 
 And (fecondedwith Neptune'j (Irongeft fir earn) 
 Let all at once blow all their sltjfefi gales, 
 Aflern a Galley under all her jails ^ 
 Let her be holpen with an hundred Oars\ 
 Each lively handled by five lufiy Rowers ^ 
 The Remora fixing her feeble Horn 
 Into the Temfesi-beaten f^ejjels Stern^ 
 Stays her Stone-fit 11. 
 
 In the year of our Lord i iSo, near Orford in Suf^ 
 folk:, there was a Fifii taken in theperfed fli/ipeof a 
 Man j he was kept by Bartholomew de Glanvtle in 
 the Caftle of Orford above halfa year ^ but at length, 
 not being carefully looked to, he Hole to the Sea, 
 and was never feen after. He never fpake^ but 
 would eat any Meat tnatwas given him, elp^cially 
 raw Filh, when he had fqueezcd out the juice : He was 
 often had to Church, but never fiiewed any iign of 
 Adoration. 
 
 Let what is already fpoken of FiOi fnffice, fince it 
 ,«vijl not onely be inipcitin^nt to enjjjrge farther, but 
 
 impof- 
 
Cl&e gintroDuction. t 
 
 impoflible here to give an account of the natures of 
 nil Fifh ; 1 Ihall therefore refer you to fuch Authors 
 who have made it their bufinefs to write large Vo- 
 lumes. 
 
 Before I put an end to this Introdudion, permit 
 me to infert fomethiog in the praife of Fijljermm and 
 Fijlnng. 
 
 jijbort E?7Co?mu?n > or fomewhat in Praife of 
 Fiflicr-nien mid Fifliing- 
 
 T is very remarkable , that amongfl the Twelve 
 HolyApollIes there were four of them Filher men, 
 whom our Saviour elected and infpircdro preach the 
 Gofpel. And the realon that fome give for this 
 choice is , that he knew and found the hearts of inch 
 men natnrally more fitted for Contemplation and 
 quietnefs, having Spirits mild, fweet , and peace- 
 able. 
 
 Befides , our Saviour feems to have a more than 
 common refpei1:for their Ocupation,fcr two reafons. 
 Firft, He never reproved theie for their profefiion,a3 
 »he did others, viz^, the Scribes and Trloney-changers. 
 Next, He dignified thefe p^or Fifher-rnen with the 
 priority of Nomination in the Catalogue of his 
 Twelve Apoltles. Nay, that which is moreoblerva- 
 ble is this, that our Saviour took only three of thefe 
 Fifher-men with him when he afccnded the Mount 
 to bear him company at his Transfiguration. 
 
 Now as to the liwfclnefs of Fifhing , 1 think none 
 canfpeak againilit, fince our Saviour himfelf com- 
 manded St. Peter to fi fli to pay dcfar his Tribute. 
 
 And as the Aacients have highly applauded and ap- 
 proved 
 
s ci^e gintrotiuctiom 
 
 proved of this ingenious Exercife , feveral of the He- 
 ro's of old, in the height of their glory, having exer- 
 cifed ^herald ves herein ; fo feveral of our eminent 
 ]ate Divines have done the like •, as Dr. Whitakerjlear- 
 ned Perkins^ Dr. Now el Dean of St. Pmls Londony 
 and the incomparable Sir Henry Wotton Provoft of 
 Eaton Colledge, who was a great lover of Angling, 
 and would frequently fay thereof, that it was after 
 his Study a Reft to his mind, a chearer to his Spirits , 
 adivcrtcrof fadnefs, a Calmer of unquiet thoughts, 
 a Moderator of Palfions, a procurer of Contented- 
 ncfs i and that it begot habits of Peace and Patience 
 in thofe that profefj and practice it. And thus I 
 conclude the praife of Anglings though much more 
 might be fpoke thereof. 
 
 Horn to Improve Fil^J-ponds , and the Fijb 
 therein contained^ 
 
 "!> Efore T fhall lay down fuch Obfervations and In- 
 i^ ftrudions, v;hich with much pains and colt I 
 have colleclf d, to render a Fifhcr.man compleat in 
 that delightful Exercife of taking Fifh .• I fiiall give 
 an account oi. Ponds, and how they may in thebeft 
 manner be improved. 
 
 Imprimis. ConfTder the fcituation of your Pond , 
 and the nature cf thofe Currents which run into it. 
 In the next place, obferve whether it be a Breeder, or 
 Bot i if it be a Breeder, Experience will inftrufl you 
 never to cxpedt any large C?r/>; from fuch Ponds , 
 for the f^^reatnefs of the niuT|bcr of the Spawn will 
 over flock the Pond ^ therefore for large Carp a 
 Store-pond is ever accounted bcft. 
 
Now to make a Breeding-pond become a Store- 
 pond , when you cannot make a Store-pond become 
 a Breeding- pond, thus you mcfl do. When you fue 
 your Pond, conlider what quantity of Carps it will 
 maintain- then put in all Milters, or all Spawners, 
 by which means in a little time you will have Carps 
 that are both large and fat beyond your expectation, 
 Bv puting in but one Sex of them, there is an impolli- 
 bility ofencrealing of them ;, but of the Roach it will 
 notwithftanding multiply abundantly.- Therefore it 
 is needful, and altogether neccllary for fuch who keep 
 Breeding-ponds, to fue them once in three years, fot 
 fear of the encreafe cf Reaches, though none wete 
 ever put in, which may fccm very ftrange,. if th^e 
 truth thereof couici not be made manifelt ; as thus : 
 there are feveral Ponds frequented by Wiid-ducks, 
 which ufually come at nights to feed with the Tame 
 ones there abiding : Now thofe Wild-ducks bring 
 thefe Roaches with them, for their feeding amongft 
 weeds in Rivers. 
 
 Befides the Spavv'n o[ Roaches will hang about their 
 Feet and Feathers, which is wafhed o'f by the water 
 of thofe Ponds they are accuftomed to haunt ; by 
 wiiich means in a few vears they become fo numerous 
 though you your felf did not put one into the Breed- 
 ing pond -^ for which caufe you find your Carps ib 
 lean, andalmoft hunger ftarved. 
 
 By the way, give ms leave to infert this true flory, 
 A Gentleman not far from the City oi Lofido?]^ h7d 
 a large pond of about four Acres of ground ^ a Gen- 
 tleman (tanding by at the fuing thereof , and feeing 
 not only a great quantity of Filh, but the bell grovvu 
 that ever hefaw, he advifed him to put intvvoor 
 three hundred of ftores of Gir/), about three or four 
 years growth, out of a pond that was overftccked, 
 and to put Sixty of thofe he had taken out^ which 
 
 ac- 
 
lo £)f f taking 
 
 accordingly he faw done,fancying to fee ftately Carp 
 at the next fuing. 
 
 After the expiration of four years, this • .entleman 
 was advifed to fue his Pond, to fee what Monfters four 
 years addition to their growth would produce ^ for 
 thofe fixty Carp were from Eye to Fork from fifteen 
 Inches to eighteen Inches when he put them in •* now 
 having fued his Pond , he found almoft the whole 
 number of his Carp ^but they were in fuch a lean con- 
 dition , that he did not know them \ for they were 
 Monfters in Nature their heads being bigger than 
 their whole bodies , and almoft as heavy and this 
 happened it feemsby hisownfollv^by putting in but 
 twenty Roaches •, and when the Pond was fued there 
 were bufhelsof imall^o-iic^f.f, and thefe Roaches t^t 
 up all the fweet feed from the Carp ^ for Roaches are 
 like flicep to great Cattle, which eat up and devour all 
 the fweet feed, and what affords the greateft nutri- 
 ment* This Gentleman was very much fruffrated of 
 hisexpeftation-, and the Fiflvmonger which came 
 from London to buy a penny-worth as foon as he per- 
 ceived the Monfters, he mounted his Horfe, and rid 
 as if the Devil drove him, not fo much as bidding the 
 Gentleman farewel Here is to be noted, that Ponds 
 which will not breed one Car^ •, Roaches in one year 
 will multiply by thoufands ^ therefore you muft be 
 careful every year to view your Pond, and obferve if 
 any fuch fry appears, left whea you come to fue your 
 Pond, you be deceived in your expectation. 
 
 Horn te make CarpsjfjroH? to an extraordinary 
 bignefs in a Pond, 
 
 PErceiving about t\\Q month ofJpril that your pond 
 begins to grow low in VVater,then with an Iron- 
 Rake 
 
Rake, rake all the fides of your pond where the wa- 
 ter is fallen away ^ then low fome Hay-feeds , and 
 rake it well ^ by this means at the later end of Sum- 
 mer there will be a great growth of Grafs ^ which 
 when winter comes , and the pond being raifed by 
 Rain to the Top , will overflow all that c rafs^ and 
 then the Carps having water to carry them to the 
 feed , will fill themfelves, and in a fhort time become 
 as fat as Hogs that are kept up for that purpofe : Do 
 this every Summer till you fue your Pond, and you 
 willfindnoRiver-C^r^Jtofurpafs them either infat- 
 nefs or fweetnefs. 
 
 General Ohfervations to be underjiood iy cdl 
 
 fucb ivbo deji/e to attain to the compleat 
 
 and per\eU ^rt of A ngllng. 
 
 BY no means fifh in light and dazling Apparel 
 but let your Cloathing be of a dark dusky co- 
 lour. 
 
 Wherefoevcr you ufe to angle ( for the Angler 
 hath his peculiar haunt j call in once in four or five 
 days Corn boiled foft ^ if for Carf and T(f«c^,oftner : 
 alio you may call in Garbage, Livers of Beafls, 
 Worms chopt in pieces , or C?rains Iteeped in Blood 
 and dried. This will attract the Fifli unto the place : 
 and to keep them together, as you fifh, throw in 
 half a handful of Grains of ground A ait. This muft 
 be done in ftiil water ; but in a Stream you muft 
 cafl your Grains above \ our Hook,snd not about it^ 
 for as they float frcm your Hook , io will they draw 
 ? he Fifh after them. 
 
 li 
 
12 €>i ff^inix- 
 
 If you will bait a Streamjgctfome Tin-boxes made 
 full of holes no bigger than jult lie for a Worm to 
 creep through ^ then fill thefe Boxes with them , and 
 having faftned a Plummet to fink them,cafl: them in- 
 to the Stream with a ftring fafcned thereto, that you 
 may draw them forth when you pleafe, by the fmal- 
 nefs of the holes aforefaid , the Worms can crawl 
 out but very leafurejy, and as they crawl theFifh will 
 refort about them. 
 
 If you would bait for Salmoriy Trout^ Vmher and the 
 like, in a Stream, then take fome blood , and there- 
 with incorporate fine Clay, Barley, and Malt ground 
 adding thereto fome Water j make all in a Pafte with 
 Gum of Ivy ♦, then form it into Cakes, and call: them 
 into the ftream* Some will knead or flick Worms 
 therein fait by the head If you find your bait take 
 iioeffedintheattra(fl;ing of theFifh, you may then 
 concXn^Q iomQ Pike ox Pear ch lurketh thereabout to 
 feize his Prey, for fear of which the Fifh dare not 
 ■venture thereabout : you mull therefore remove thefe 
 obftruflions of your fport,bv taking your Trowl^and 
 let your Bait be either Brandlings or Lob-worms ^ or 
 you may ufe Gentles or Minows, which they will 
 greedily fnnp at. 
 
 Keep your Rod neither to dry nor to moift, left 
 f.he one make it brittle, and the other rotten. If it be 
 ^ery foultry dry Weather, wet your Rod a little be- 
 fore you Angle .• and having llruck a good Fi(h,kcep 
 your Rod benr, and that will hinder him from run- 
 jaing to the end of the Line, l)y which means he wUl 
 cither break his hold or the Hook. 
 
 If you would know what Bait the Fifli loves belt 
 at the time of your fifliing, having taken one, flit 
 his Gill , and take out his Stomach, and open it 
 without bruifing, and there you will find what he 
 bfl: fed on and had a fmcy to ^ by which means you 
 may bait your Hoo ; according' /. When 
 
M tJftfttttg. i^ 
 
 When youfilh, Ihelter your felf under fbmeBufh 
 or Tree, or ftand fo far from the brink of the River 
 that you can only difcern your Float : for Fifh are 
 timorous, and are affrighted at the leaft II ^ht or mo- 
 tion. The beft way of Angling with "the Fly is 
 down the River, and not up, as you will find by ex- 
 perience. 
 
 You never need make above half a dozen trials in 
 one place, either with Fly or Ground-bait, when you 
 angle for Troitt ; for by that time he will either offer 
 to take, or refufe the Bait, and not ftir at all. 
 
 If you will have Fifli bite eagerly and freely, and 
 without fufpition, you muff prefent them with fuch 
 Baits as naturally they are inclined to, annd in fuch 
 manner ar they are accuftomed to receive them. 
 
 If you ufe Paftes for Baits, you muff: add FJax or 
 Wool, mix a little Butter therewith and that will 
 prefer ve the Pafl:eTrom waffling off'your Hook. 
 
 The Eyes of fuch Fiffies as you kili, are moff; excel- 
 lent Baits on the Hook for almofl:any fort of fiffi. 
 
 Laffly, make not this or any other Recreation your 
 dayly pracftice, left your immoderate Exercife therein 
 bring a Plague upon you rather than a pleafure. 
 
 j^firolooical Lleclmisfor An^lmg 
 tn oeneraL 
 
 F as the Wife man faith, (and I think there is none 
 that darequeftion his Authority j that There is a 
 proper time ar:d feafon for every aU:i en under the Sun^ 
 I hope it wi!J not be offenfivc nor impertinent to fiiow 
 what time and fcafons the intelligent Angler ought 
 to make choice of, tbst may anfwcr his expcdation. 
 For my own part, I have fo often experimented the 
 truth of thele Rules, that by my lood will I would 
 
 never 
 
14 €>f jfiffimg. 
 
 never Angle but at an elected time .• the ingenious 
 will not defpife them, and for others they were not 
 intended : And they are thefe ; 
 
 JfyoH would Neptune 'j fcaly SuhjeSis get. 
 
 Nights horned Queen in the Midheaven fet : ]) 
 
 Thence let heron the Pdph Htl GoddeJ^ jl)ine § 
 
 Ith^ Wefi^ and greet her with a friendly Trine. 
 
 Be Jure you always fortify the Eafry 
 
 jind let the Maiden-Star pefj'ef the Wefi : Til 
 
 However letfome A^natick^Stgn afcendy S. n;^. K, 
 
 jind let all power his happy Lord attends 
 
 Then fee thefctting Con(tellation be 
 
 jiffli^ ed by fome hateful Enemy., cf 
 
 jit leafh his Lord ., the fixth with firength defend y 
 
 Let a^ive power his Radiant Lord attend. 
 
 Then may you boldly venture to the Flood j 
 
 j4nd take from thence what Fifhes you fee good. 
 
 What provifion is to be made for Ang- 
 ling-Tools.. 
 
 TH E time of providing Stocks is in the Winter- 
 Solfticcjwhen the Trees have fncd their Leaves, 
 and the Sap is in the Roots : For after January it 
 afcends again into the Trunk and Branches, at whifh 
 time it is improper to gather Stocks or Tops. 
 
 Let your Stocks be taper-grown,and your Tops the 
 beft Rufh-ground-fhoots you can get, not knotty, but 
 proportionable aud flender ^ othcrwife they will nei- 
 ther caft nor Itrike well, and by reafon of their un- 
 pliablenefs your Line will be much endanger'd. 
 Having gathered your Stocks and Tops all in one lea- 
 
 fon. 
 
and as llraight as you can, bathe them, faving 
 Tops, over a gentle fire, and ufe them not till 
 reafoned, till about a year and four months : they 
 )etter if kept two years. 
 
 jw to preferve thefeStocksor Tops from rotting, 
 
 .■orm-eating,rub them over thrice a year with Sal- 
 
 r Linfeed-oyl •, fweet Butter will iervr, if never 
 
 .ed^ and with any of tiiefe\cu miiit ch^fe well 
 
 jur Rods : if bored, pour in either of the Oyls, and 
 
 „'t them bathe therein twenty foui" hours, then pour 
 
 i: out again •, and this will preferve you: Tops and 
 
 itocks fi'ora injury 
 
 How to joynthe Stock or Top together, or how 
 o make all forts of Rods foi: Fly, Ground, or other- 
 vife, with what lengths are belt for feveral foits of 
 'ilhing, I need not here relate ^ fince without putting 
 ?our felf to the trouble, you may purchafe them of 
 iich as fell theiii at no dear rate^. 
 
 How to maJ^ a Line after the he(i mmh^y.. 
 
 LET your Hair be round, and twill it evcn/or dia'c 
 ftrengthens rhe Line \ and let your Hair,as near 
 •, you can, be of an equal bignefs : then lay them in 
 Vater for a quarter or an hour, by which mtans you 
 ill find which of the Hairs do fhrii^k , thantwift 
 lem over again. 
 
 Some intermingle Si'k in thetwifling, but I cannot 
 'pVove of it \ bur a Line ofall Silk is not aniils -, at- 
 a Line made of the frnjilleft Lute-firing is very good. 
 It that it will foon rot by the Water. 
 The belt colour for Lines is th.c forrel, w;hite, and 
 ey -^ the two jalt for clear waters, and rhe giey for 
 nddy Rivers: neither is th? p.Tie wairy green to 
 I contemned^ which colour you msy make after rlii:-, 
 lanner. H ' Take 
 
1 6 ^©{ffftfng. 
 
 Take a pint of ftrongAle, halfa pound of Soot, 
 a fmall quantity of the juice of WalnutJeaves, with 
 the like quantity of Alum *, put thefe into a Pipkin, 
 and boil them together about half an hour : Having 
 fodone, take it offthe fire, and when it is cold put in 
 your Hair. Or thus: 
 
 Take a pottle of Alum-water, fomewhat more 
 than a handful of Marigold-flowers, boil them till 
 a yellow fcum arifc ^ then take halfa pound of green 
 Copperas, with as much Verdegreece, and beat them 
 together to a fine powder : put thefe with the Hair 
 into the Alum- Water,and let it lie ten hours or more j 
 then take the Hair out, and let it dry. 
 
 In the making your Line leave a Bought at both 
 ends, the one to put it to and take it from the Rod, 
 the other to hang your loweft link upon to which 
 your Hook is faftned •, and fo you may change your 
 Hook as often as you pleafc. 
 
 Ofibe Hook, Flote, and other things 
 worth the Objervation. 
 
 YOur Hook ought to be long in the fhank, fome- 
 what round in its circumference, the point {ban- 
 ding even and ftraight \ and let the bending be in the 
 Ibank. 
 
 Ufe ftrong,but fmall Silk, in the fetting on of your 
 Hook, laying the Hair en the infide of your Hook: 
 for if it be on the outfide, the Silk will fret and cuf it 
 afunder. 
 
 As for the Flotes, there are divers way of making 
 them: Some ufe yotir ^-w/ctft^-Duck-quills, which 
 arethebeit for ftill Waters ; but for ftrong ftreams 
 rake good found Cork without fiaws or holes, and 
 bore it through with a hot Iron; then put into it a 
 
 QuiH 
 
Quill of a fit proportion ^ then pare your Cork into a 
 Pyramidal form of what bignels you think fit j after 
 this grind it fmooth. 
 
 To plum your Ground, you mult carry with you 
 a Mufquet bullet with a hole made through it, or any 
 other lort of Plummet, tying this to a ftrong twift, 
 hang it on your Hook, and fo you will find the depth 
 of the Water. 
 
 And that you may not incommode your Tackle, it 
 will be very reqailite to make feveral partitions in 
 pieces of Parchment fowed together, by which each 
 Utenfil may have a place by it felf. 
 
 In any wife forget not to carry a little Whetftone 
 with you to iharpen your Hooks if you find them 
 blunt and dull. 
 
 I need not advife you how to carry your BOB and 
 PALMER, or put you in mind of having feveral 
 Boxes of divers fizes for your Hooks, Corks, Silk, 
 Thread, Lead, Flics, &c. or admonilh you not to for- 
 get your Linnen and Wollen Bags for all forts of 
 Baits ; but let me forwarn you not to have a P AUN- 
 DER that is heavy, for it can never be light enough : 
 thofe which are made of Ofiers 1 think arc the belt. 
 
 Laltly, forget not carry with you a fmail Pole 
 with a Loop at the end thereof, to which you may 
 fallen a fmall Net to land great Fife withal. 
 
 There is another way much better, and thftt is br 
 the Landing-hook, which hath a Screw at the end 
 of it to icrew it into the Socket of a Pole .• to which 
 Socket maybe fitted aifo two other Hooks,the one to 
 pull out Wood, and the other Iharp to cut away 
 Weeds. 
 
 H J Of 
 
1 8 jSDf fiftins. 
 
 ' Of Flies Natural a?id Artificial^ and hoip 
 to fife them. 
 
 '^ IfJriiral Flies afe inniim€rable,there being asma- 
 t ^ ny kinds as there are different forts ofFiuits .- to 
 avoid prolixity, I fliall onely name fome of them,i^/;^ 
 the Dm-fly^ the Stone or May-fly^ the Red Fly^ the 
 Moor-fly^ the Tavony-fly^ the Shel-fly^ the Cloudy or 
 Blacki(l]-fly^thG Flag-fly, the yine-fly ^ ^IfoCaterpillers, 
 Car^l\er-flies^ and Bear-flies^ with Tfhoufands more 
 which frequent Meadows and Rivers, for the con- 
 templation of all, but particularly the recreation of 
 Anglers. 
 
 Thefe.come in fooner or later, according to the 
 feafon of the year, that is, fooner, or later according 
 tothcforwardnefs or backwardnels of the Spring ^ 
 for Flies being bred of PutrefaLlion, commence their 
 being according as the Heat doth further their feminal 
 vertue unto animation 
 
 I cannot prcfcribe you Rules to know when each 
 Fly comcth in, and is moft grateful to every fort of 
 Fifli ^ and therefore 1 fhall leave the knowledge hereof 
 to your own obfervation. ^ 
 
 Moreover, there arefeveraJ forts of Flies according 
 TO the feveral natures of divers Soils and Rivers, or 
 diverfityof Plants^ yet fome there are common to 
 all, although but few. 
 
 AU Flies arc very , good in their fcafons forfuch 
 Ftfli as rife at the FJy •, but tome more peculiarly 
 good,as being better beloved by fome fort of llfti. 
 
 Filh generally rife at thcfe Flics moft eagerly when 
 mofb forts of Flies refort to the Water-fide, hang- 
 ing in a manner in clufters on Trees ani Bufhcs, 
 delighting themfelves to skip thence and play upon 
 
 the 
 
0f f (ftino;. 19 
 
 the water; and then do the fifli fliew their craft in 
 catching them. 
 
 To the intent you may the better know what kind 
 ofFly the Fifii then moft covet, obfcrve thus to do j 
 coming in the Morning to the River-fide, beat the 
 Bufhes with your Rod, and take up what variety you 
 may of all forts of Flics, and try them all ^ by which 
 means ^oii will quickly know which arc ingrcateil 
 eftimation among them. Not but that they will 
 change their Fly fometimes, but then it is when they 
 have glutted themfelvcs therewith for five or fix days 
 together, which is commonly upon the going out of 
 that Fly : for Fifli never covet that Fly more than 
 .when there is greatelt plenty, contemning them at 
 their firft coming in. 
 
 There are two ways to fi(h with thefe natural Flies ; 
 either on the furface of the water, or a little under- 
 neath it. Now when you angle for Chevin^ Roach^ 
 or Dace with the natural Fly, move it not fwiftly when 
 you fee the Fifli make at it, but rather let it glide 
 fpontaneoufly towards it with the Stream : If it be in 
 a flili and flow water, draw the Fly llowly fideways 
 by him, that will make him eager in purfuit ofitj 
 whereas if you fhould move it fwiftly, they will not 
 follow it,bcing a lazv fifh and flow of motion. Thefe 
 fifii delight to Ihevv themfelves in a Sun-fiiiny-day al- 
 moft on the very furface of the Water, by which 
 mqans 50U may pick and choofe. 
 
 The Jrtiflcia-l Fly is feldome ufedbut in bluflering 
 weather, when by the V/inds the Waters are fo trou- 
 bled, that the Natural Fly cannot be feen, nor refi: 
 upon them. 
 
 There are (according to the opinion of Wiv.Wd- 
 fo«,a very ingenious man, and an excellent Angler) 
 twelve forts of Artificial Flies to angle with on the 
 top of the Water, of which thefe are the principal. 
 
 H ^ Thi 
 
20 e>f ^ifbitii^ 
 
 Tfaefirllis (to ufe his own words) the Dm-fyy 
 mMarchy made of dua Wool, and the Feathers of 
 a Partridge's Wing. 
 
 The lecond is a Dun-fly too^ and made of black 
 Wool, and the Feathers of a black Drake ; the Body 
 made of the firft^and the Wings of the latter. 
 
 The third is the Stone-fly, in ^ril ; the Body is 
 made of black Wool made yellow under the Wings 
 and Tail* 
 
 The fourth is the Ruddy-fly^ in the beginning of 
 May y the Body being made or red Wool, and bound 
 about with black Silk, with the Feathers of a red Ca- 
 pon, which hang dangling on his lides next his Tail. 
 
 The fifth is the Telhrv or Greenifh Fly^ in June ; 
 the Body is made of black Wool, with a yellow Lift 
 on either fide,3nd the Wings taken ofFthe Wings of a 
 Bnzzardj bound with black braked Hemp* 
 
 The fixth is the Moortjh-fly ^ the Body made of duf- 
 kifhWool, and the Wings made of the blackilh Mail 
 of the Drake. 
 
 The fcventh is the Tawny- fly, good until the middle 
 of June '^ the Body madeoftawni^ Wool, the Wings 
 mzdQ contrary one againft another, of the whitilh 
 iVlail of the white Drake. 
 
 The eighth is the Waip-fiy^ in July ^ the Body made 
 of black 'Wool lapt about with yellow Silk, the 
 \^^ings made of Drake- featlrers. 
 
 The ninth i*; the Shel-flyy good in the middle of 7«- 
 ly % the Body made of grcenifli Wool lapt about wirh 
 the Herle of a Peacock's Tail, and the Wings made 
 of Buzzards Wings. 
 
 The tenth and laft is the Dra\e-fly,good in jlugufl -, 
 the Body made of black Wool lapt about with black 
 Silk, his Wings of the Mail of the bbck Drake with 
 2 black head. 
 
 And then having named two more, he concludes wit- 
 tily. 
 
tily, fhmhaveycHa7'iryofms, likely tc ktr^^n'^ 
 
 This in my opinion feems a tedious anaaimcmc 
 wav I &oJd rather think itfe««':«fi\^*fJly 
 ^roV fo^ «very feafon, «"d that ^hich the Fft^^^^^^ 
 that time mott eagerly covet, and make °™ ^s ' F i' 
 as Dofliblv vou may, in colour, (liape.and proportion , 
 and for your better imitation lay the natural Fly be - 
 
 ^°Th°ere are feveral ways ofmakingthefe artificial 
 F.ies which 1 (hall forbear here to relate, thinking it 
 more proper to leave it to the ingenuity of every par- 
 dcular perfon, which will bevery muchhelp'd by 
 feeing and obfervingtheArtift's method in theu com. 
 
 ^°m"beft Obfervations I can coUeft for artificial 
 ''^5S£Ve'tf4inaRiverfomewh«dm^^^^^^^^ 
 
 rftin/iSSeEaftisftarUnaugh^^^ 
 
 i-AT^-o'irhiStrpurycoifvfniry 
 
 gufd;y'ourSe,tLy will rife mplainDceps^^^^^^^^ 
 irihillkilUhebeftFini: but if heWindbef^^^^^^^ 
 
 then is the beft angling mfwiftSti earns i and be 
 
 can whether you fithwithaFly or Worm; andfim 
 rvJnthfs^eU havingtheSunonyourback, n^ 
 
 fufferins your Lne to touch the Water but your iy 
 oneW Here note, that the light Fly make' »oft fporc 
 ?na lark night, and the darkeft or leaft Fly in a clear 
 day. jj ThMtjli 
 
TTj^V^/y, In dear Rivers ever Angle with a fmall 
 Ny with flender Wings ; but in fuch as are muddied 
 by Ram, ufe a Fly rhat is larger bodied than ordinary. 
 
 Fourthly^ When the water beginneth to clear after 
 Ram, and becomes brownifh, then ufe a Red orO- 
 rangeFiy^ if the day be clear, alight-coloured Fly 
 and a dark Fly for dark Waters ^ if the Water be of a 
 Wheyifli complexion, then ufe a black or brown Fly 
 I wiJI not lay thefe Direftions or Rules are without 
 exceptions. 
 
 Fifthly, Let vour Line for Fly-ffhing be twice as 
 long as your Rod, unlels the River be cumbred with 
 Wood. 
 
 _ Sixthly, For every fort of Fly, have feveral of the 
 iame differing in colour, to fute with the different 
 complexions of feveral waters and weathers, 
 
 Sevemhly, You mult have a nimble eye, and an a- 
 (flive hand toflrike prefenily with the rifingofthefifli, 
 or elfe he will be apt to fpew out the Hook, finding 
 hismiftake. ^ 
 
 Et^hthly^htt your Fly fall firft into the Water ^ for 
 if your Lme fall firfi:, it fcares the fifli, and therefore 
 you mull draw agai n and caft. 
 
 Ninthly^ When you angle in How Rivers orflill 
 places with your Artificial Fly, caft it overcrofs the 
 River, and let it Cnk a little in the water, and draw it 
 gently back again,fo as you raife no ( ircles,nor break 
 the Water ; and let the Fly float gently with theCur- 
 lent, and hereby you will find excellent fport. -'< 
 
 Lafily^ Take notice that your Salmon- tlies muft be 
 made with their Wings flanding one behind the o- n 
 ther,whether twoorfour, He delights in the finefb 
 gawdicft colours you can choore,in the Wings chiefly, 
 which muft be Jong, and fo muft the Taii. 
 
 .^«-' • Of 
 
£)f fifttnis. n 
 
 of Ground Aii^lt\^. 
 
 IF you fifh under the Water for a Trout ^ it muft be 
 without a F]oat,one]y with a Plumb of Lead, or n 
 Bullet, which is better, becaufe it will fowl on the 
 ground. And this way of fifhing is very good in 
 cold weather,when the Fifh fwini very low : you muft 
 place this Bullet about nine Inches from the baited 
 Hook •, your Top muft be very gentle,that the Filh may 
 more eafily run a way with the Bait, and not be 
 feared with the ftifnefs of the Rod. You muft not 
 ftrike as foon as you feel the Fifh bite, but flack your 
 Line a littlcthat he may the better fwallow the Bait 
 and Hook. When you ftrike do it gently,for the Icaft 
 matter does it. 
 
 Let your Tackle be fine and flendcr, for that is bet- 
 ter than your big and ftrong Lines, which ferveonely 
 to fright the Filli. . 
 
 You will find it a better way of Angling to do it 
 without Float or Lead, onely makingufeof a Gar- 
 den-worm, drawing it up and down the Stream \ 
 by which you will take more Trouu than any other 
 way, efpecially if it be in a clear day. The Morning 
 and Evening are the chiefeft feafons for the Ground- 
 Line for TroHf. but if the day prove Cloudy , or 
 the Water muddy, you may Angle at Ground all the 
 day. 
 
 0/ 
 
24 J©f fiftwg 
 
 of Night-Angling, 
 
 GReat Filh (efpecially Trouts) are like Bucks , 
 wary and circumfped in their felf-prefervation, 
 and know the feafons moft fit for them to feed with- 
 out danger j and that is the Night, as they fuppofe, 
 thinking then they may moft fecurely range abroad. 
 
 In your Night-angling take two great Garden- 
 worms of an equal length, and place them on your 
 Hook ^ then caft them a good diitance,and draw them 
 to you again upon the fuperficies of the Water, not 
 fuffering them to fink-, to which end you muft not 
 ufe a Plummet. You may cafily hear the Fifh rife, and 
 therefore give him feme time to fwallow your Bait, 
 then ftrike him gently. Ifhe will not take it at the 
 top, fink your Bait by adding fome Lead, and order 
 your felf as at Day-angling on the Ground. 
 
 I have frequently experienced it,that the beft Tronts 
 bite in the Night, rifing moft commonly in the ftill 
 Deeps,but unuiually in the Streams. 
 
 Inftead of thefe Garden- worms you may ufe a black 
 Snail, or a piece of Velvet in its likenefs .• this is a 
 moft excellent Night-bait for aTVewt, and nothing 
 like the black Snail for a Chih in the Morning early. 
 
 You may bait your Hook with a Mimow for a 
 Trout thus : put your Hook through the point of his 
 lower Chap, and draw it througli ^ then put your 
 Hook in at his Mouth,and bring the point to his Tail^ 
 then draw your Line ftraight, and it will bring him 
 into a round compafs : But befure you fo order his 
 Mouth that the Water get not in. 
 
 What 
 
 I 
 
I iDt jffftins- 25 
 
 Vhat times are fecifonable , and rvhat uvfea^ 
 fonable to Jvgle in, 
 
 CAlm and clear weather is very good to angle in •, 
 bnt cool cloudy weather in Summer is belt ^ but 
 it muft not be fo boifteroully windy as that you can- 
 not guide your Tackle, The cooler the weather is in 
 hotteft Months, the better it is : and if a iudden vio- 
 rent (hour hath diftur bed and muddied the River, then 
 is your time to angle in the Stream at th,e ground 
 
 with a red Worm. . ^.n r • ^a 
 
 Likewife a little before the Fifh fpawn is a very good 
 time for Angling-, for then their Bellies being iul, 
 they come into fandy Fords, and there rub their Bel- 
 lies to loofen them, at which time they will bite very 
 
 freelv 
 
 If you intend to fifli for Cay^ and Tench, you mufl 
 commence your fport early in the Morning, filhing 
 from Sun-rifing till eight of the Clock, and from four 
 in the Afternoon till Nighty and in hot Months tiU 
 
 it be very late. ,,, ^ , _, ^^ 
 
 In the heat of Summer G«yp; will fhew themfelves 
 
 on the very Rim of the water •, at which time, ir you 
 
 fifhwithaLob-worm as you do with a Fly natural, 
 
 you will have excellent fport, efpecially if it be among 
 
 ^In March, Afr'tU September, and all the Winter, ( in 
 which feafon Fiflifwimdeep very near the Ground) 
 I fav,in thofe Months it is beft filing in a clear fercne 
 warm day,for then they bitefafteft : But all the Sum. 
 mer-trme Mornings, Evenings, and cool cloudy wea- 
 ther are the beft times for Angling. .,. ^ j .u ^ 
 Here note, that by experience you will find that 
 Filb rife beft at the Fly after a ftour of Ram that hath 
 
 onely 
 
26 €>t f iftfng. 
 
 onely beaten the Gnats and Flies into the River with, 
 out muddying them. The proper Moneths and times 
 oftheday fortheFlv, are March, Jprtl^ May. and 
 the beginning oijHne-^ in which Months Jet vour 
 times be in the Morning about nine, .and between 
 three and four in the Afternoon. A warm Evening 
 is very feafonable, ifthe Gnats play much, 
 
 _ After a clear Moon fhiny-night, if the day fuccee- 
 dmg prove cloudy, it is a very good time for Anehn^ • 
 for, having abftained from food all the night, (kjr 
 they will not ftir for fear in bright nights j the next 
 day they become hungry and eagcr,and the glcomi- 
 , nefs of the day m:ikes them bite boldly. 
 
 At the opening of Sluces or Mill-dams go along 
 withthecou. e of the water, and you will find Tm^^ 
 and other fifli will then come out to feek for what 
 food the water brings dov n with it. 
 
 Having Ihewn you what feafons are molt proper and 
 profitable to Angle in, I will demonftrate to you fuch 
 as are not. 
 
 .^ And F/r/Jn the extremit / of Heat,when the Earth 
 .IS parched with Drouudit, there is littl-e fport to be 
 obtained ,efpecially in muddy or clear fliallow Rivcks. 
 Secondlyy In the Winter or Spring-time, when 
 there bappeneth any hoary Frofl:,then will not the fiai 
 Wte kindly all that day, unlefs it be in the Evening.^ 
 and if that prove ferene andpleafant :but it is not con- 
 venient to fiih at any time when the Wind bloweth 
 K>bigh that you cannot manage your Tools toad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Thirdly, Sheep^ [hearing time is an an Enemy to the 
 Angler, for then the FiOi glut themfelves with what 
 is wafhx offthe Sheep, and will fcarceiy bite till tiwt 
 feafon be over. Like wife fliarp Eaft and North nip- 
 jping-wiads do very much prejudice the Anglers.Rc- 
 ereatiQn : neither is it good to fifii immediately aftci* 
 
 Spawn- 
 
53D{ jf((i)in8. 27 
 
 ^awning-time -, for at that time theic appetite is 
 
 luch abated. , r j ..u . « 
 
 It is a very Itrangc thing to confider the natural 
 iftirxflinFilh in foreknowing the approach of a fhowr 
 fRain; for I have tried, that upon the rife of a 
 •loud that threatned a fudden Showr,they would not 
 ite i from which obfervation I have often iav d m 
 ^Iffrom being wet to the Skin. ^ 
 
 Laflly, If the preceding night prove dark and 
 loudv, the fucceeding day will prove incffeaual for 
 ifhinR,unlefs for fmall filh •, for at luch times the great 
 mes prey abroad for the lefler,who,by inftnia: know- 
 ng the danger.hide themfelves till the Morning ^ and 
 laving fafted'ali night become then very hungry, 
 ;vhilft the grent ones having gorg'd themfehes he ab- 
 fcondcd all the day long. , 
 
 The nex-r thing we Ml infift on, is the wayot 
 ^aking feveraliorts of fifh (as they are here alphabe. 
 tically fet down) with fevera'. proper Baits according 
 to the belt of experiences. 
 
 Of the BARBEL. 
 
 THE Barbel is fo called by reafon of the Barb 
 which is under his Nofeor Chaps. He is a lea- 
 ther-mouth'd-fi(h,that is,fuch a one as will not break 
 his hold when hook d^ but will frequently break, it 
 
 big, both Rod and Line. , ^ n. 
 
 They fwim together in great Shoals,and are at woiit 
 in Jpril, though not very good at any time. 
 
 The phces vvhere he loves moft to rerort,are where 
 Weeds grow, or in a gravelly rifsng ground, wherem 
 he will dig and root like a Hog with bis No.e : not 
 
 f 
 
but that he frequents theftrongeftfwiftsof water 
 Tometimes, as deep Bridges or Wears, where he will 
 fo fettle himfelf among the Piles and hollow places, 
 or amongft Mofs or Weeds, that let the Water be 
 never fo fwift,he will remain immoveable. This is his 
 cuftomein the Summer-time •, after which times he 
 retires into deep waters, and there helps the Female 
 to dig a hole in the Sand for her to hide her Spawn 
 from being devoured by other Filh. 
 
 This Fiih is of a delicate Caft and handfome fhapc, 
 with fmall Scales placed after a moft curious manner ; 
 and as his (hape is curious fo is his palate, for he will 
 not eat any thing but what is clean ^ and therefore if 
 you intend to make any fport with him your Bait mult 
 be very well fcowred. The belt for him is a Lob- 
 worm,at which he will bite boldly, if you bait your 
 ground the night before with big worms cut in pieces. 
 For him you can never bait the Ground too much,nor 
 can you fifh for him too early or too late. 
 
 Gentles alfo are a very good Bait for him, if 
 green ^ and fo is Cheefe made tough by keeping it 
 in a wet Linnen Bag a day or two: This Cheefe 
 iteeped in clarified Honey, and the Ground where 
 you intend to fifli baited therewith, will give you 
 an opportunity to catch llore enough of Barbels, if 
 fihere be any thereabout. You may do well to bait 
 your Hook with Cheefe that is foft^and Sheeps-tallow 
 wrought into a Pafte : but there is no bait like the 
 well-fcowred Lob-worm, or Cheefe Iteeped in Honey 
 an hour or two. 
 
 When you fi(h for this Barbel, let your Rod and 
 Line be both long and ftrong ; on your Line let there 
 be a running Plummet, that isa Bullet with a hole 
 throw the middle, let a knot or little bit of Lead be 
 placed a Foot or more above your Hook, to keep 
 your Bullet from falling down on it : I'o your Worm 
 
 will 
 
M dfifttng. 2^ 
 
 lay at the bottom where they always bite, and when 
 he takes your bait the Plummeti^ill lye and not check 
 thcfifh, and you may know by the bending of the 
 top of your Rod when he bites, and likewife feel 
 him with your hand make a ftrong fnatch, then ftrike 
 and you rarely fail, if you play him well and tire 
 him i for as he is very fubtile, fo is he extraordinary 
 ftrong and dogged to be dealt withal, and will fo 
 ftruggle, that if you manage.him not dextroufly, he 
 will break your Line, 
 
 His beft time of biting is about nine of the Clock, 
 and the chiefeft time of fiftiing for him is at the latter 
 end of A/ayy Juncy Jdy^ and the beginning of At^ 
 gun. 
 
 Of the EPvEAM. 
 
 THere are two forts of Bre/tm^^ the one a frelh and 
 the other a fait water-Fifh, yet neither differ 
 much in Ihape, nature, or tafte. 
 
 I Ihall onely fpeak of the frefh- water- fiy^w, which 
 at full growth is a large and {lately Fifh, and breeds 
 either in Ponds or Rivers ^ but chiefly delights in the 
 former, which if he likes, he will not onely grow 
 exceeding fat, bnt will fill the Pond with his iflue, c- 
 ven to the ftarving of the other Fiili. 
 
 As for his Ihape, it is very broad, and thick fcaled 
 very excellently, with a forked Tail j his Eyes are 
 large, but he hath a very little fucking Mouth,difpro- 
 portionate to his Body, 
 
 The flelh of this Fifti is accounted more plcafant 
 than wholefome by fome : but as for my part, I am of 
 the judgement of the French^ who have a great efti- 
 raation for it; and if you will but tafte his BeJiy or 
 Head, you will fay it is moft excellent food. 
 
50 ' £>f f (fting. 
 
 The Bream fpawneth in Jme^ or the beginning of 
 J»/)',and is eafily taken ^ for after one or two gentle 
 turns he will fall upon his fide, and fo you may draw 
 him to Land with eafe. The beft time of Angling 
 for him, is from St. James-tide till Bartholomew-tide , 
 for having had all the Summers food, they are excee- 
 ding fat. 
 
 The Bream is a great lever of red Worms, efpecial- 
 ly fuch as are to be found at the root of a great Dock, 
 and lie wrapt up in a round clue ; alfo he loves Pafte, 
 Flag-worms, Wafps, greenflies, Butter-flies, and a 
 Grafs-hopper with his Legs cut off^ 
 
 The way of taking Breams is thus : Firft bait the 
 ground (where you know they refort) with a conveni- 
 ent quantity of fweet-ground Barley-malt, boyled 
 but a little while, and ftrained when it is cold: go 
 with it to the place about nine a Clock at night, then 
 take your Malt,and fqueezing it between your Hands, 
 throw it into theRiver, audit will fink : Iftheftream 
 run hard, caft in your fqueezed Balls a little above the 
 place you intend to angle in. Having thus baited 
 yourground,in the Morning bait your Hook with the 
 greateft red Worm you can get ^ you may find them 
 in Gardens or Chalky Commons after a fhowre of 
 Rain ^ of which you muft ftore your fcif beforehand, 
 keeping them a Month at leaii in dry Mofs, changing 
 the Mofs every three daies. Having baited your 
 hook fo that the worm may crawl to and fro, for the 
 better inticing ot the Fifhtobite without fufpition, 
 obferve where your fifh play mofl; and ftay longefl, 
 which commonly is in the broadefl:, dccpeH and ftil- 
 Icft. part of the River generally in deep and ftill back 
 Waters ; then plumb your ground, and fifli with- 
 in half an Inch of it^ for although you fliall fee fome 
 Breams play on the top of the Water, yet thefe are but- 
 the Sentinels for them beneath. 
 
 You 
 
You may have three or four Rods out at a time 
 Ituck in the Bank-fide,ancl let them be iong,the Floats 
 Swan or Goole-quills, which mult be funk with 
 Lead, the tops bearing above water about half an 
 Inch. Let your Rods be call in one above the other 
 about a yard and a half diftant, and then withdraw 
 your fejf from the Bank fo far that you can perceive 
 nothing but the top of the Float j and when you per- 
 ceive it fink,then creep to the Water-fide, and give 
 it as much Line as you can : if it bea C^r;? or J^ream, 
 they will run to the other fide ^ then ftrike gently, 
 and hold your Rod at a bent a Jittle while, but do noE 
 pull, for then you fpoil all ^ but you mult firlt tire 
 them before you can land them, being very Ihic. Of 
 the two, the Car^ is the worit, being more brisk and 
 llrong. 
 
 Here take notice by the way, if Pik§ or Tearch be 
 thereabout, it will be but a folly to think of killing 
 Carp or Bream ^ and therefore you muft remove thofe 
 obllaclesjby filhing them out fir{t. And to the intent 
 you may know whether there be thoie Filh of Prey 
 thereabout, take a fmali Blcak^or G udgccf ^^-sind bait it, 
 fetting it alive among yoijr RodSj two foot deep from 
 your hloat, with a little rtd Worm at the point of 
 your Hook : if a Pike be th^re., he will certainly fnap 
 at it. 
 
 Of tLoBhtA^. 
 
 THE Bleak, is. an eager liili, and iscaugiit vfiih, 
 all forts of Worms bred on Tr'^es or Plants, al- 
 fo with Flies, Pafte, Sheeps-blojjd, d c You may an- 
 gle for them with half a (core Hooks at once, ifyou 
 can fallen them a'l on. Alfo \n an Evening the Bleak, 
 will take the natural or artincial Fly. 
 
 I If 
 
3 2. J^f f tftins. 
 
 If it be a warm clear day, there is no Bait fo good 
 for the Ble^^k: as a fmall FJy at the top of the water, 
 which they will take at any time of the day,butefpe- 
 cialiy in the evening : there is no fiflithat yields better 
 fport for a young Angler than this, for they are fo ea- 
 ger that they wili leap out of the water at the Bait. 
 
 Iftheday becoldand cloudy, Gentles or Cadicc 
 arc befe about two foot under water. 
 
 This fame 5/f^^ by fome is called, a Frefh-water- 
 fprat, orRiver-fwallovf, by reafonof his continual 
 motion. 
 
 Some would have him called ^/f^^from the whitifli 
 colour, and that is onely under his Belly/or his Back 
 is of a pleafant Sea-green. 
 
 • There is another way of taking Bleaks, by whip- 
 ping them in a Boat or on a Bank-fide in fwift Water 
 in a Summers evening, with a Hazel-top about five or 
 Jix foot long,nnd a Line twice the length of the Rod ^ 
 but the beftway is with a Drabble that is tie eight 
 or ten fmall Hooks along a Line two Inches above one ^ 
 another the biggcfl: Hook the lowermoft, by which 
 you may fomctimestakea better Fifh, and bait them 
 with Gentles, Flies, or fmall red Worms, by which 
 means you may take half a dozen or more at one 
 lime. 
 
 of the B IT L L-.H T.A D , <?r M 1 L- 
 LEii'S-THU MB. 
 
 TH E Bitli-hcad is a Filli which hath a broad Head 
 andwide Mouth, with two broad Fins near his 
 Ey6s, and two Fins under his Belly : inlloadofhis 
 Teeth his roaoh Lips aflill him in nibbing at the bait, 
 Hchath Fins alfo on his Back, and one below the 
 Yenti andhisTailisiOund, his Body being all over 
 
 covered 
 
covered with whitifh, blacki/h, and brown ifh -fpots. 
 
 They begin tofpawnabouc Jprt/^ and are full of 
 Spawn all the Summer-leafon. The HHll-hea4's com- 
 mon habitation is in Holes, or among Stones in clear 
 Water in Summer ^ but in the Winter he takes up his • 
 quarters with the Eel in the Mud : So doth the Loach 
 and Mtnnow ^ or we cannot guefs other wife where 
 their Winter-abode fhould be. 
 
 He iseafily taken in the Summer, -for he is lazie 
 and limple. You may fee him in hot weather lie Sun- 
 ning himfelf on a flat Stone or gravelly Ground, at 
 which thne you may put your Hook ('which muft be 
 baited with a fmall Worm j very near the Mouth, at 
 which he feldomrefufeth to bite, fothat the verieft 
 bungling Angler may take him. 
 
 He is an excellent fifli for taft, but of fo ill a fhapej, 
 that many women care not for dreffing him, he fo 
 much refembles a Toad. 
 
 Of the C H U V I H. 
 
 T' H E Chevin fpawneth in March, and is a very 
 ftrong Tyet unadtive) filh, yielding in a very 
 little time after he is ftruck. Thelargerheis, the 
 quieter he is taken. 
 
 As for his food, he loveth all forts of Worms and 
 Flies, alfo Cheefe, Grain , black Worms, flitting their 
 Bellies that the white may appear : he loveth to have 
 his Bait large, and variety of Baits at one Hook. He 
 delights very much in the Pith thai grows in the bone 
 of an Ox- back, of which you mufc be careful in taking 
 offthe tough outward Skin, without breaking the 
 tender inward Skin. 
 
 Early in the Mornin-nr angle for Vour Chevin with 
 Snails j but choofe lome other Bait for him in the 
 
 ! 2 hcac 
 
34 ^t jfifttng. 
 
 heat of the day,for then he will not bite arlhem. in 
 the Afternoon filh for him at Ground or File. There 
 is no Fly he loveth better than a great Moth with a 
 great head,whole Body is yellow ,with whitifli Wings^ 
 which is to be found commonly in Gardens about the 
 Evening. He will not Itick fometimes to fnap at a 
 Lamprey. 
 
 Oftk CHAR. 
 
 I Could never read nor hear that the Char was taken 
 any where but in a Mere in LaKcajhire^calkd Wi- 
 nander mere^ tbelargeft, according to report, that is 
 in the Kingdom of EngUnd^htrng cert miles in length, 
 and as fmooth as a Bowling-green at the bottom* 
 
 This Char is fpotted like a Trout ^^'dd its dimenflon 
 feldome exceeds feventeen Inches or a foot and half. 
 This Fifh is delicate food, havingfcarce a Bone but 
 wh2t is on the Back. Now fince the place is io 
 remote from London where thefe Chars are taken, I 
 fliallforbear to trouble our City-Angler with Rules 
 and Directions how to angle for him, and pafs to fuch 
 Fifh as are frequently found in every River here near 
 adjacent. 
 
 Of the CHUB. 
 
 THis Fiihhath feveral appellations ^ for he is cal- 
 led a Chub -J d.Chave?!der by the Fref^ch^hy fome a 
 yUUan^ by others a Cheven. As for my part,call him 
 what youpieafe,! like him not for thefe reafons : firil, 
 he is full of iraall forked Bones difperfed every where 
 throughout his Body ; next, he eats very waterifh 5 
 and laftly, this Fifh is unfum, and Cin my opinion) 
 in a manner taltelcfs. Of 
 
0{ gifting. 55 
 
 Of all fifh he is the beft to enter a young Angler,for 
 he is very eafiiy taken : however give me leave to pre- 
 fcribe you fome more Rules than what I have already 
 fhewn in the Angling for the ChsveN^which is the fame 
 with the Chnh or Chavender 
 
 You mufl: find out fomc hole, where you /hall have 
 twenty or more of them together in a hot day floa- 
 ting almoft on the very furface of the water : let your 
 Rod be long and ftiong, and your Line not above 
 a yard or two long, very ftrong, and an indifferent 
 large Hook ^ then bait your Hook with a Grafhopper, 
 bob your Grafhopper up and down one the top of the 
 water, and if there be any Chub near he will rife; 
 but foabfcond your felf that you may notbefeen, 
 for he is a very fearful fiih, and therefore the leaft 
 fhadow will make him fink to the bottom of the water, 
 yet he will rife again fuddainly ; this is called Bob- 
 ing. 
 
 Having baited your Hook drop it gently fome 
 two foot before that Chub you have ele(fted by your 
 eye to be the beft and fairelt, and he will inftantly 
 bite greedily thereat, and be held fo faft by rcsfon of 
 his Leather-mouth,that he can feldom break his hold: 
 and therefore you may do well to give him play e- 
 nough, andfo tire him ; othcrwife you may endanger 
 your Line. 
 
 If you cannot find a Grafhopper, then bait your 
 Hook with any kind of Fl\ or Worm, as I faid before, 
 as Dors, Beetles, Bobs, Cod or Cafe- worms. 
 
 When you fifh for the Chub with a Fly,Gralhopper, 
 or Beetle, it muft be at the top of the water •, if with 
 other baits, underneath. 
 
 In March and Jfril angle for your Chub with' 
 Worms ; in May^ Jum^ anii Jaly^ with Flies, Snails, 
 or Cherries. Where note,he will rarelv refufe a Graf- 
 hopper on the top of a fwift Stream,nor at the bottom 
 
 I 3 the 
 
35 m ftfttng. 
 
 the young Humble-bee, In Augujl^ Seftember.hc. 
 make ufeof a Pafte made of Parmiian,or Hollan4 cheefe 
 pounded with Saffron in a Mortar, adding thereunto 
 a little Butter. Others make a Pafle of Gheefe and 
 Turpentine for the Winter-feafon, at which time the 
 Chub is in his prime ^ for then his forked Bones are ci- 
 ther loft, or converted into a Griftle j and he is ex- 
 cellent meat baked. 
 
 In hot weather angle for him in the middle of the 
 water,or near the top thereof^but in cold weather fifn 
 for him near the bottom 
 
 ■ To fticfh all other difcourfe of this Chnh^ Cheven^ov 
 Chai'ender^l Ihall only fay that his Spawn is excellent^ 
 and if he be large, the Head, when the Throat is weil 
 walht, is the beft part of theFilh. 
 
 Of the CARP. 
 
 IT is confefs'd by all,that the Carp is the Queen of all 
 Freni-water-fiih,being not only a good,but fubtile 
 fifli. and living longcfl of all fi/li ( excepting the £f/j 
 out of his proper Element. Thofe that die (boneft are 
 Herrings J for fait water ; and for frelh- water, Trouts. 
 • Carps are obferved to breed feveral Months in one 
 year ^ and for this reafon you fhall hardly ever take 
 either Male or Female without Melt or Spawn. They 
 breedever mo. e naturally in Ponds than in running 
 water : in the latter very feldom or never ; and where 
 they breed, they breed innumerably. 
 
 He that intends to Angle for a Gr>'/>,mufl: arm him- 
 felf with a world of Patience, by reafon of the extra- 
 ordinary fubtlety and policy of that Filh : They al- 
 waies choofc to lie in the deepeft places either of 
 Ponds or Rivers where is but a fmall running Stream. 
 Next, you are toobferve that the C^r/) will feldom 
 
 bite 
 
hitein cold weather •, and in hot weather you cannot 
 hfto^ early or too late at you,- fport : and if he hue 
 vou need not fear h,s hold, for he « one ofthofe 
 Jeather-mouthM-filh, who have the.r Teeth in the.r- 
 
 thfcadicein y««., nor the Gralhopper .n 7«;>. ^"■ 
 
 ^''^fh:S»"«del>ghtinWormsorrwee^^^^^^^^^ 
 of which tllcre are great vanety : hebeft ^rj « 
 
 o'r B loud incorporated with Bran or Cow^dung_ 
 
 Yon mav make your Paftc in this manner : Take a 
 con'x nient\"a„ti,t\ of Bcan-fiour.or any other F^ur 
 and mingle ?t with the fleflioi a Cat cut fmaU , n aK 
 up this Compofition with Hone '.f f '^,l7/^\o 'm^ 
 a I! toeether in a Mottar fo long,till the^ <.re lo toiy 
 a toh ng upon a Hook without wafcinga^. Foi 
 bette'r effeding thereof, "'"^'^jher™, h fo,.e 
 whitilh WooI;and if.you would ^e^ a ' the year.aaa 
 thereunto fonie Virgms-wax and '^lafed Honev . 
 
 Ifyoufiniwith Gentles, anoint A^."^ ^"'^ "°7.\ 
 and put thtm on your "hook with apiece of Scarlet 
 St?n the like. This -the moft approved way to 
 ■Vreive and captivate thembtileC«>-p. Honey ana 
 crums of White-bread mixt together ,s a very good 
 
 '1 ';;:v:iLy ^^ » -l.^ carp ^r. . .U^^y PW. 
 
 Vide Cha^- Of the Tmh. ^^ 
 
5^ ^f jftiftms. 
 
 of the D A C E ^zW D A R E. 
 
 TT ^ ^^■?^'^''' -^'^^^ 3nd Roach^ are much of a kind 
 
 A both in manner of feeding, cunning, goodnefs 
 
 and commonly in fize 5> 6""uiJcis 
 
 . The Dace or D^r^ will bite at any Fly , but efne- 
 cially 3t the Stone-cadice-fly or May-fly, the latier 
 
 f 1^ ^^'n '" u^ • ' ^f '"^'°S ^^ ^"Oft part of May is 
 a mofl: excellent bait , floating on the top of the wa- 
 ter ; which you rnav gather great quantit.es cf from 
 the Reeds and Sedge by the water fide, or from HaT 
 
 oravej-ltream, on which they very much deh'eht m 
 liang: alfo at Ant-flies,of which the blackilh is thi beft 
 which are found in Mole-hillsabout the Months of 
 Sim, July, AugHfi and September. The way of pre- 
 serving them for your ufe is, to put them alive into a 
 
 ^f^v V^^^'""^^'^ ^'^'^ ^^^^^'^ ^o"ie of the 
 Sm. ?'l^^ J^^^" ^j^e"c^ yougatherd them, with 
 fome of the Roots of the Grafs of the faid.Hillock • 
 leaving laid your Ant-flies in gently without preiu- 
 dicing their Wmgs, lay a clod of Earth over it • thus 
 you may keep them a Month , if you bruife them not. 
 It you would keep them longer, put them into a large 
 Rmidlet, having firll wafh'd the infide with water 
 and Honey : having thus kept them three Months 
 tney are anincomparabie Bait in any Stream and clear 
 Water, either for Dace, Dare or Roach, and are good 
 bot^ Q ^ ^-^■'^^^«^^^, fifting within a handful from the 
 
 The beft time for making ufe of the Ant-flie,is when 
 they fwarm, and that is generally about the latter end 
 or /^(y, and begming c^i u^uguji , they will cover a 
 ^rce or Bulh with their multitude, and then if you 
 
 make 
 
make ufe of them, vou may load your felf with Roach 
 or Dace in a fmall time. 
 
 In a warm day he rarely refufeth a fly at the top of 
 the water .• but remember that when you fifli under 
 water for him , it is belt to be within an handful or 
 Ibmethingmore of the ground. 
 
 If you would fifh for Z).>7Cf or D^rf in winter, then 
 about ^/W/c«//^f, where ever you fee Heath or Sandy 
 grounds ploughing up, foliow the Plough, and you 
 will find a white worm with a red head, as big as the 
 top of a mans little finger. You may know where 
 molt of them are,by the number of Crows and Rooks 
 which fit on the plowed land. The worm is very fofc 
 and is by fome termed a Grub, which is nothing but 
 the Spawn of a Beetle. Gather what quantity you 
 think fit, and put them into a Veflel with fome of the 
 Earth from whence they were taken, and you may 
 keep them all the Winter. 
 
 Laltly the young brood of Wafps and Bees having 
 their heads dipt in Blood, arc an excellent baiHfor 
 
 Dace or Dare. 
 
 Of the EEL. 
 
 f Shall not trouble you with variety of difcourfes 
 I concerning the being of an Eel^ whether they 
 :reed by fome Generation, or Corruption as Worms 
 )r by certain Glutinous dew drops , which falling ni 
 May and Jujjc on the Banks of fome Ponds or Rivers ; 
 ire by the heat of the Sun turned into Eels : and tiiefe 
 ire by fome called Tchsrs^ of which I have fcen Cakes 
 nade, and have eaten thereof when fried, with much 
 atisfadion. I fay v.'aving away all Difcourfes of this 
 iature, I IhalJ onely tcil you that fome have difi^ren- 
 ,ed £f/;into four forts chiefly: namely, the Siiver- 
 
 Ecl, 
 
40 c>f f lanng. 
 
 ^el , a Greeniih Eel^ (which is called a Gr^^O ^ black- 
 jfh £f/, with a broad flat head ^ and laftjy an Eel with 
 reddiih Fins. 
 
 I Ihali onejy fpeak of the firft which is the Silver 
 Eel. This Eel is generally believed to have its being 
 from Generation, but not by rpawning,but the young 
 coming from the Female alive, and no bigger than a 
 fmall Needle. 
 
 This Eel may be caught with feveral forts of Baits 
 but principally with powder'd Beef A Garden- worm 
 or Lob , or a Mim^xv , or Hen's-gut , or Gar- 
 bage of Pifh , IS a very good bait : but fome pre- 
 fer a Pride^ which others call a Lane^rey^ beyond any 
 yet named. 
 
 As Eels ablcond themfelves in Winter , taking up 
 their conftant refidence in the Mud, without ftirring 
 out for fix Moneths ^ fo in the Summer they take no 
 delight to be abroad in the day, and therefore the 
 moll proper timeto take them is in thenight,with a- 
 ny of thole Baits aforefaid, fpftning vout Line to the 
 Bank-fide with your Laying-hooks in the water. Or 
 you may throw in a Line w th good ftore of Hooks 
 baited, and plumb'dwith a Float to difcover where 
 the Line lieth, that in the Morning you may take it 
 up with your Drag-hook. 
 
 There is another way of taking £f/j, and that is 
 hy Sni paling. This Sniggling is nothing el(e but 
 taking in the day-time a ftrongLineand Hook bai- 
 ted with a Lob or Garden-worm, and marking fuch 
 Holes and places where the Eels ufe to abfcond 
 themfelves in the day-time near Wears. Mills, or 
 FJood-gates, and gently by the help of a Stick putting 
 your bait into fuch holes where you imagine Ecls~^xt : 
 and if there be any, you Ihall be (ure to have a bite j 
 but then have a care you pull not too hard, left you 
 fpoil all. Here note,that the Top of vour Stick muft 
 
 be 
 
be ckft, wherein you muft put a ftrong Hook, but 
 of a narrow compafs •, which Stick mult guide the 
 Bait into the Hole where the Eel is, by which means, 
 if your Tackling held, you mp.y get as large £f/j aji 
 any are in the River, Milt-pond, orFlood-gats &c. 
 And asthis way of hilling is called Smgghw, io it is 
 called Brogq^lin^ for Eels. 
 
 Bobbra^ fot Eels is done after another mnnncr : that 
 is, Take very large Lobs, fcowr them well, and with 
 a Needle run fome ftrong-twifted Silk through them 
 from end to end ; take fo many as that you may wrap 
 them about a board a dozen times at leaft , then tie 
 them faft with the two ends of the Silk, thatthey 
 may hang in fo many Hanks •, then faften all to a 
 ftrong Cord, and about a handfnl and a half above the 
 Worms faften a Plumb of three quarters of a pound 
 in weight,and faften your Cord to a ftrong Pole : ha- 
 ving fo done., fifh in muddy Water, and you will feel 
 the £f/^ tug luftilyattheffl. . When vou think they 
 havefwallowed them as far as they can, gently draw 
 up your L ine, till you have brought your Eels to the 
 top of the water, and then bring them attiore as faft 
 as you can. The Gentleman ("and an experienced 
 Angler") from whom I received this Inftruftion, told 
 me, he hath taken fix or feven large Eels at a time this 
 
 very way. r /- ; 
 
 There is another way alfo for taking ot Eelf 
 (though it be foraewhnt laborious, and for that rea- 
 ftDn is beft to be made ufe of in cold weather j and 
 that is by an Inftrument called an Eel-Ipear -.it is made 
 for the moft part with three Forks or Teeth, jagged 
 on the fides ; but thole are better that have four. This 
 you are to ftrikeinto the Mud at the bottom of the 
 River-, and if you chance to light where they lie, you 
 need not fear taking them jf your inftrument be 
 good. j^ 
 
4» €)f f iCbing. I 
 
 If you would take very Jarge Eels indeed, bait youi 
 Night-hooks with fmall Roaches^ und let the Hook 
 lie in the Wouth of the Fifli. 
 
 Of the FLOUNDER. 
 
 Ifhal! not go about to tell you the nature of a Floun 
 der^ or give you his defcription, fince he is a Fifl 
 fo well known to every one. 
 
 In jiprily May^ June and Jiily^ you may fifli for th< 
 Flounder all day long, either in a fwift Stream or \\ 
 the ftill Deep, but beft in the Stream. Your mofl 
 proper Baits are all forts of red Worms, Wafps an^ 
 Gentles. 
 
 Of the GR AILING. 
 
 WHen you angle for the GraiUng^yow muft heac 
 your Hook upon the Shank with a very (len- 
 der narrow plate of Lead, and let it be (lenderefl: at 
 the bent of the Hook, that the Bait which muft be 
 large Gralhoper, may with more facility come over 
 it : At the point let there be a Cad bait , and keep 
 the bait in continual Motion ^ and forget not to pull 
 offthe Grafhopper's Wings which are uppermoft. 
 
 In the Months of March and A^ril^ there is an ex- 
 cellent Bait for the GraUing^ which is called a iag. 
 tail: This worm is of a paleFlefh-colour, with a vel- 
 Jow Tag on his Tail , fomcwhat lefs then half an 
 Inch long ^ which is to be found in Marled Grounds 
 and Meadows in fair weather , but not to be feen in 
 cold weather, or after a Ihowie of Rain. 
 
 Of 
 
^i f ifttng. 45 
 
 of the GUDGEON. 
 
 THe GHdgeon,ihoxi^h fmaH, is a fifh of fb picafant 
 a tafte, that in ray opinion it is very little infc- 
 riour to the Smelt. I need not defcribc him, he is fo 
 ^ell known. 
 
 I He fpawns three or four times in the Summer fea- 
 fon. His feeding is much like the Barbel's, inlharp 
 Streams and on Gravel, flighting all manner of Flies. 
 iHe is eafily taken with a fmall red Worm, fifhing near 
 the ground. 
 
 This Fifli is Leather- mouthed, and will not eafily 
 be loft off the Hook when ftruck. You may fifh for 
 him with Float, your Hook being on the ground •, or 
 by hand with a running line on the ground, without 
 either Cork or Float. 
 
 Wafps, Gentles, and Cad-baits are good baits for 
 the Gudgeon^ but the fmall Red worm the beft ^ you 
 may fifh for them with two or three hooks at once 
 and find very pleafant fport where they rife any thing 
 large. When you Angle for them, Ilir up the Sand 
 or Gravel with a long'Pole , which will make them 
 gather to that place, and bite fafter and with more 
 eagernefs. 
 
 of the GUINIAD. 
 
 I Cannot fay much of this Fifh, only that it is excel- 
 1 lent food ^ and therefore I fliall conclude mydif- 
 courfe of the Guiniad with a very ftrange obfervati- 
 on \ and that is , This Fifh is not found any where 
 but in a large Water called Pemhle-Mert : but that 
 which is mod remarkable isrhitj. That the" River 
 
 which 
 
44 €>f f tfting. 
 
 which runs by Chefler hath its Head or Fountain in 
 Meriomth jhire and in its courfe runs through this 
 Pemhle-Mere^ which abounds as much with Gniniads , 
 as the River Dee doth with Salmon , of each both af- 
 fording great plenty ^ and yet it was never knowrt 
 that any Salmon was ever caught in the /I/trf, nor ever 
 any Cuiniads taken in the River. 
 
 when Dee that in his conrfefainin her Id^ would lie^ 
 Commixtion with herftore^ his Bream jhe doth deny. 
 By his complexion frov'di ^ he through her dothglide^ 
 Her Wealth again from hisJJie likewije doth divide : 
 Thofe white fijlj that in her do wondronjly abound^ 
 jire never feen in him \ nor are his S^lvaons found 
 At any time in her ^ hnt asfje him difdainsy 
 So he again from her as wilfully abftains. 
 
 Dray tons Polyolb. Son^ g 
 
 Of the LOACH. 
 
 THe Loach, though a ilnall yet a dainty fifti : his 
 breeding and feeding is in Httlcand clear fwift 
 Brooks or Rivulets •, here and in fharp Streams Gra- 
 vel is his ufual food. He is fmal! and ilender, feldora 
 exceeding three Inches in length : he is bearded like a 
 lUrbely having two Fins at his fides, four at his Belly, 
 and onely one at his Tail and is freckled with many 
 black or brown fpots. 
 
 Th\'=> Loaeh IS commonly full of Spawn, which is, 
 with the fiefli,a very grateful food to weak Stomacks 
 affording great Nourifhment. He is to be taken with 
 a very fmall Worm neer the ground, for he delights 
 to be neer the Gravel, and therefore is feldom fccn on 
 the top of the water. 
 
of the MINNOW. 
 
 THe Mimovo isafifli without Scales,, and one of 
 the leall of the watry Inhabitants •, but for ex- 
 cellency of meat he may (in my opinion j be compa- 
 red to any fifli of greateft value and largelt fze ^ and 
 little things fhouldnotbe delpifed. TheSpawners 
 are ufually full of Spawn all the Summer long,torthey 
 breed often , as it is but ncceflary, being both Prey 
 and Baits to other filh. They come into the Rivers 
 generally about March and Afril^ and there continue 
 till the cold weather drive them into their Winter 
 quarters again. 
 
 Of colour this fifh is greenifh, or wavy sky-colou- 
 red ^ bis Belly is very white, but his Back is blackifh. 
 This Fifh will bite fnarply at a fmall Worm \ and "if 
 you will trouble your felf to catch enough of them 
 yon may make an excellent Tande of them, cutting 
 off their Heads and Tails, and frying them in Eggs, 
 faucing them with Butter, Sugar and Verjuice. 
 
 Anglers ufe to find him oftner then they would .• 
 Deep places he feldom frequents. It is a Fifh no way 
 curious of his feeding, for any Bait pleafeth him if he 
 can but fwallow it, he will ftrain hard for what he 
 cannot gorge. The chiefefl food he lovcth is a fmall 
 red \\ orm, Wafps, or Cad-baits. 
 
 Of the POPE, or RUFF. 
 
 THis Fifli with a dciible name is fmall, and fel- 
 dome grows bigger than Gudgeon -^ in fliape he 
 is not unlike a Pearch^ but efteemed better food, be- 
 ing of taftss pleafant and delightful as any fifh what- 
 ever. The 
 
46 £)f filing. 
 
 The Rujf frequents the deepeft running places ia 
 a Gravel River, theexa(^ bottom of which being 
 found by plumbing, and your Hooks being baited 
 with fmall red or brandling Worms, (for I would 
 have you fifli with two or three) you will have in- 
 comparable fport as long as you defire. 
 
 The Ruff makes excellent fport with an unexpe- 
 rienced Angler,for he is a greedy biter ^ and they are 
 in great Shoals together where the Water is deep, 
 fmooth, and calm. If you would catch a good round 
 quantity, bait your ground with Earth, and angle for 
 thera with a fmall red Worm. 
 
 of the PIKE. 
 
 THE Fike is a very long-liv'd creature, and if 
 we may credit Sir Francis Bacor^ or Gef;2er that 
 famous Brutologift, he outlives all other Fifh j which 
 is pitry, he being asabfolutea Tyrant of the Frelh- 
 waters, as the Salmon is, the King thereof 
 
 The larger the Pike^ths courier the food, the fmal- 
 ler being ever belt ^ contrary to the nature of £f/j, 
 which improve their goodnefs by their bulk and age. 
 
 He isa melancholick Fifli, becaufe he never fwims 
 in Shoals, but refts hirafelf alone ; and he is as bold 
 as any fifh whatever,if we may telieve Report, which 
 informs us !{ Pike hath been known to fight with an 
 Otter for aCarp he had taken,and was carrying out of 
 the Water. Another bit a Mule by the Lip as he was 
 drinking, and ftuck thereunto fo faft, that by that 
 means the Owner of the Mule took him. Another 
 bita Maid by the Foot as flie was wafliing. He will 
 frequently devour his own kind unnaturally •, from 
 i^hence I fuppofe he may obtain the name of a FreJJj-' 
 vcAter-wolf. 
 
 As 
 
As the Pike isiii nature like the Hawk, a Bird of 
 Prey, fo he is like iier in generation, neither of them 
 breeding but once a year -. and when the I'lke (pawns 
 it is between Fehmary and MA-rch. The bell Pt'e^es are 
 found in Kivers, the worilinMeresor Ponds. 
 
 His common Food is either Pickerel weed. Frogs, 
 or what 1111=1 he can procure. ThisPickerel-wfed forae 
 lay, both feeds and breeds them. 
 
 There are two ways of hilling for the Vike \ firlt by 
 the Ledger, f'^cond.ybv the Walking-bait. 
 
 The Ledger-bait isfixM in one certPin place, whilfl 
 the Angler may be abient^ and this mnfl be a living 
 Bait,either Filli or Frog. Of Filh the beft are a Dace^ 
 Roach^ or Pearch : for Frogs, the yellowf^ft are the 
 beft. How to Reep them alive on your Hook, your 
 own ingenuity will inform you. 
 
 When you intend to ufe the Ledger-bait, if it be a 
 Fifhjitick '/our Hook through his upper Lipuind then 
 faftning it to a ftrong Line at lealt twelve or four- 
 teen yards in length, tie the other end of the Line ei- 
 ther to fome Stake in the ground,or to fbme bough of 
 a Tree nearthe Pike% ufual haunt or where you think 
 'tis like he may come. Then windc your Line on a 
 forked itick, (big enough to keep the bait from draw- 
 ing it under water) all except about half yard or 
 fomewhat more •, and your Itick having a fmall cleft 
 at the end , fallen your Line therein j but fo, that 
 when the P% comes, he mav eafily dri w it forth^and 
 have Line enough to go to his hold and pouch. 
 
 If your Bait be a Frog, put the Arming-wyre in at 
 his iVIouth, and out at his Gills ; and then with x 
 fine Needle and Silk fow the upper part of his Leg 
 with oneftitch onelytoyour Arming-wyre, or tic 
 his Leg above the upper joynt to the Wyre -, but as 
 gently as you can,kft you hurt him. 
 
 I have feen excellent fport with living baits tied 
 
 K about 
 
48 5aDf filing. 
 
 about the Bodies of two or three couple of Ducks, 
 driven over a place where (tore of Pikes have frequen- 
 ted. I have obferved the Ptke to ftrike fo violently at 
 the living Bait, that being hung he hath drawn the 
 Duck clear under water. The hke may be done with 
 fuch baits tied to bladders jfuffering them to float down 
 the River, whillt you mind your fport walking on 
 its Banks. 
 
 The next way of Angling for a T^ik^' is with a Trowl 
 with a Winch to wind it up withal, if^sihis Fifhis 
 very ftrong, fo muft your Tackle •, and your Rod muft 
 not be very fiender at top, where muftbe placed a Ring 
 for your Line to run through. Your Line mult be 
 Silk two yards and a quarter next the Hook, which 
 mult be double, and (Irongly armed with a Wyre a- 
 bout feven Inches : the reft of your Line may be 
 Jtrong Shoemakers-thread. Upon the fhank of the 
 Hook faftcn fome fmootli Lead ^ and having placed 
 your Hook in the Mouth of a Aitnmvo , Dace^ or 
 Roach '^ with your Lead fink your Bait with his 
 head downward. Having lb done, Ccilt your Bait 
 up and down ; if you feel him at the Hook, give 
 him length enough to run away with the Bait and 
 pouch it j which when you think he hath done, ftrike 
 him with a fmart jerk, and fo continue your fport 
 with him as long asyoufhall think fit. Take like- 
 wife this next Diredion from a friend that fpeaks not 
 much different. 
 
 When you intend to Trowl, you may make choice 
 either of Roach ^ Dace ^ Blcak^^ ox Gudgeon to bait 
 withal, (but for my own part I always prefer the 
 CHogeon) which you muft do thus: put your Ar- 
 mng-wyre in at the Mou:h,and thrufting it along by 
 thexBack,bringitout again at the Tail, and there fa- 
 flen it with a Thread Having your Reel in your hand, 
 and your Line faftned to your hook through a Ring at 
 
 the 
 
le top of your Rod, call your b?.ic into feme likely 
 lace, andmoveic up and down in the w.iterasvou 
 'alk gently by the Ri vei-lide : when you have a b te 
 which you mdy ealily feel, for he wiJJ give a Aood 
 ig; befure to give him Line enough, lou 
 lay let him lie almoft a quarter of an hour be- 
 ne you ftrike; and then ha- c a care you do it not 
 >o Jerceiy, ieit you endanger your Tackle, and ioie 
 le rifh to boot» 
 
 If you fi/h at Snap, you mull give him leave to rUn 
 httle,thenltnke,ItnKmgthe contrary way to which 
 J runneth For this way of Angling,a Spring hook 
 bcft ; and your Tackle muft be much ftronger than 
 lat [or the Trow],becaufe you muft ftrike with erei 
 ;r torce. ° 
 
 Here note,that a large Bait more invites the Pike to 
 te.but the lellcr takes him more infallibly, either at 
 laporTrowi. ;, ^uiici dt 
 
 If you filh with a dead bait for a /'%,this is a rnofl 
 xellenr bait : Take a Mmow, Frog that is yellow, 
 [ace or Roach, and having diffolved Gum of Ivy ii' 
 a ot Spike, anoint your baith therewith, and raYu if 
 here n/'.;. frequent. Having Iain a little while at 
 .ttom draw it to the top, and fo up the StrcanLand 
 >u will quickly perceive aPiks fol.owic with much 
 gerneis. 
 
 A Pike will bite at all baits, excepting the Fly arr» 
 tes bell about three in the afternoon in clear water 
 ith a gentle gale, from the middle of Summer to 
 e latter end of Autumm^ he then bites beft in ftil I 
 ^ces or a gentle Stream : but in Winter he bites nf 1 
 s day long. In the latter end, and beginning of th-^ 
 ring, he b tes mofi: eagerly euly in the mon^u/ 
 d late m the evening "''' 
 
 •^ ^- a 
 
50 £>f jf(fi)mg. 
 
 Of the PEARCH. 
 
 THE Vearch is a fifii that is hook-backt,'fomewhat 
 bow'd like a Hog, and armed with flifi'Gri- 
 ftles, and his Tides with dry thick Scales. He is a bold 
 bitcr,v^hich appears by his daring to adventure on one 
 of his own kind with more courage than the ?ike by 
 much. 
 
 Some fiy there are two forts cf Pearches^ the one 
 fait- water, and the oiher freili : the firfl hath but one 
 Fin on his Back, the latter two, vmich is more than 
 moft Fiihes have. 
 
 He fpawnsbut once a year, and that is in February 
 or M^rchy and feldome grows "longer than two foot,, 
 His bcft time of biting is when the Springis far fpent^ 
 at which time you may take dt one Handing all that 
 are in one hole, be they never fo many. 
 
 His Baits are a ASnmvp^Qr liitle Frog^but a Wortr 
 called a .Sr^?/^/i^/^ IS bcft, if well fcoured. When he 
 bites give him time enough,and that can hardly be toe 
 much. 
 
 The Pearch biteth weii all the day long in coo: 
 cloudy weather •, but chiefly fi-om eight in the Morn- 
 ing till ten, and from three tiilalmoft fix, 
 
 Vou may angle for him with Lob-worms well fcou- 
 red, Bobs, Oak-worms, Gentles, Colcwort-wormsq 
 yl/ir7}mvs^ Dors, Wafps, and Cad-baits. 
 
 He will not bite at ail the feafons of the year, efpe- 
 cialjy in Winter, for then he is very abftemious^ yel 
 if it be warm he will bite then in the midftof th( 
 day^ ior in Winter ail fiflibite bell about the heal 
 of the day. 
 
 If you rove for aPearchmth^ Mimow^ (whicf 
 of all baits yields the moft delightful recreation to the 
 
 Ang 
 
m f iftfns- 5 1 
 
 angler) it muft be alive, flicking your H^o\ through 
 lis upper Lip orbackFin,anc! letting him iwim about 
 [lid-water, or iomcwhat lower-, tor which purpof* 
 'ou muft have an indifferent large Cork with a Qiiill 
 
 >n your Line. .,, t • j 
 
 I always make ufe of a /;ood ftrong Siik L!nc,?nd a 
 rood Hook arm'd with Wyre, io that if aP^%do 
 ■omelmavbc provided for him, and have by this 
 neans taken feveral.. I ufealfo to carry aTm-poc 
 )f about two quarts or three pints, m which to- 
 ceep my Mhmovsfs cr Gudgeons alive : the Lid or 
 the Pot is full of little holes, (o that lean give them 
 fredi Water without openingif, which ought to 
 be about every quarter of an hour, left they die. 
 
 If you take afmall Cafcing^net with you, you may 
 It a caft or two take baits enough to ferve you all day 
 without farther trouble. 
 
 When you fifh with a Frog, you muft faften the 
 riook.through the skin of his Leg towards the upper 
 
 pait thereof. , i »j r ^ 
 
 The Pe^rch is none of the Leather-mouth d fort 
 ^ffiflies : and therefore when he bites give him time 
 enough to pouch his bait, left when yon think all 
 rure, his hold break out, and you lofe your fifiiand 
 V our patience too. . . , 
 
 The beft place to Ffh for Pearches is m the turning 
 Df the Water, or Edwing in a good Gravel Scoure, 
 where you will not fail of them, and Rutts betore 
 
 fpoke of. . „ r n. y \' 
 
 He that will take a Pearch muft nrft take notice 
 that this fiih feeds well, and bice, f edy . Let the Ang- 
 ler over-night bait his ground with Lob- worms chopt 
 in pieces ; and in the morning let him come to the 
 place, where he muft firft plumb hIsground,then gage 
 his Line and bait his hook with a red knotted worm, 
 or a Mimow.vihkh is better in my opinion : the hoo^ 
 
 K 5 mult; 
 
52 £>f f tfljtna:. 
 
 mull be put in at the back of the .i//«ww betwixt the 
 fifliand the skin, that the Mimow may fwim up and 
 down ahve, being buoyed up with a Cork or Qui)!, 
 that the Mimww may have liberty to fwim a foot off 
 the ground Let thefe diieaions be carefulhy ob- 
 ferved and followed, and the Angler need not fear the 
 fruftration of his expedations. 
 
 Of the RUD. 
 
 TH E Rftd hath a forked Tail,and is fmall of fize : 
 fome fay he is bred of the Roach and Bream.^nd 
 is found in Ponds ^ in fome they are in a manner in- 
 numerable. 
 
 There is little lefs difference between the -^//^ and 
 JRoach,th;)n there is between the Herring and Pilchard^ 
 their fh pe being much alike, onely difrering in bulk 
 or bignefs. Since the Rud is but a Bollard Roach, I 
 fnai] fpeak no more of him, but difcourfe of the ge- 
 nuine Roach onely. 
 
 Of the ROACH. 
 
 TH E Roach is not looked on as any delicate Fifh 
 at all j iftherebeany thingpiizable, it is his 
 Spiwn. 
 
 The Roach is a very filly fifh, being every whit as 
 ^mpie as the Carp is crafty. They are more to be 
 eiteemed which are found in Rivers than in Ponds, 
 although thofethat breed in the latter are of a much 
 larger fize ; yet the Thante.f below Bridge abounds 
 with very hrgc hi Roach, fuchaslmay confidently 
 affirm exceed in magnitude ali others either in Ponds 
 or Rivers. 
 
 The 
 
€)f fiflnttg. $^ 
 
 The Roach is a Leather-mouth'd-filh , having his 
 Teeth (as 1 laid before) in his Throat, as all Leather- . 
 mouth'd Fifli have. ^ . ^ 
 
 In Jpril the Cads or Worms are proper Baits to 
 anele for Roaches ; in Summer fifti lor them wiih 
 fmall white Snails or Flics: but note, theymuftbe 
 under water, for he will not bite at the top. Or^take 
 ^May-fiy, and with a Plumb fmkit wheieyou ima- 
 gine ^./f^fi lie, whether in deep water, or near the 
 Pofts and Piles either of Bridge or Wear .-having fo 
 done, do not haftily, but gently pull your Hy up,and 
 vou will fee the Roach ^if any there) purfue and 
 take it near the rim of the water .left by flight it fhould 
 
 clcaDe 
 
 In Autumn you may fifh for them with Pafte onely 
 made'ofthe crums offine White-bread ,monlded with 
 a little water and the labour of your h^ndjintoa 
 toush Pafte, colour'd not very deep with Red-Lead, 
 with which you may mix a little fine Gotten or Lint, 
 and a little Butter ; thefe lall will make it hold on 
 and not wafli ofFyour Hook. With which you muft 
 fifh with much circumfpeclion, or \ou lofe your bait 
 In like manner in Winter n ou may angle for /?.^cfe 
 with Pafte-, but Gerties are then the better bait. 
 
 Take thefe next Obfervations expenmenta.ly tried 
 bv lomeof us. vtz,. There is another excellent bait 
 either for Winter or Summer, and that is this : la;^ 
 an handful of well-dried Malt, and put it into aDift 
 ofVXater, and then having grubbed and walhed it 
 betwixt your hands till it be clean and free from 
 Husks,put that water from it,and having put it into a 
 little frefh water, fet it over a gentle FirC /ind let it 
 boiltillitbe pretty fcff, then pour the Water from 
 it, and with a fharp Knife turning the ^P^'^^^'f^ ^^ 
 the Corn upward, takeofftheback-pavtof the Husk 
 with the point of your Knifejeaving a kind of 'nward 
 
54 ^f fWm* 
 
 Husk on the Corn, or elfe you fpoil all : then cut off 
 a little oi the fJDroiit.end, that the white may appear, 
 andalfoavery little ot the other end for the Hook 
 to enter. When you makeufe of this bait, caft now 
 and then a little of it into the water ^ and then, if 
 your Hook be fmall and good, you will find it an ex- 
 cellent bait either for Roach or Dace. 
 
 Another good bait is the young brood of Wafps or 
 Bees, if you dip their Heads in Biood. So is the thick 
 blood of a Sheep being half dried on a T rcncher, 
 and then cut into fuch fmall pieces as will belt jBt 
 your Hook : a little Salt will keep it from turning 
 black, and make it the better. 
 
 Or yoD may take a handful or two of the largeft 
 and belt Wheat you can get, boil it in a little Milk till 
 it be foft, then f y it cently with Honey and a little 
 beaten Saflion dillolved in Milk. 
 
 The ^o^c^fpavvns about the middle of May ; and 
 the general baits by which he is caught are thele:fmall 
 ivhite Snails, Bobs, Cad-baits, Sheeps blcod, all forts 
 of Worms, Gnats, Waips, Pr.llc, and Cherries. 
 
 The way of filhing for Rc,7ch at Lo^idoK-Bndgc is 
 after this manner: In the Moneths of J//;?^, andj«- 
 iy, there is great relcrt of thofe Fifh to that place, 
 where thofe that make a trade of ittakea ftrong 
 Cord, at the end whereof is faflned a chree-pouud 
 weight ; a foot above the Lend they faften a Pack- 
 thread of twelve foot long to the Cord, and unto the 
 Packthread at convenient diftances they add a dozen 
 llrong Links of Hair with /:o^c/j Hooks at them,bait- 
 cd with a white Snail oi Perriwinkle^then holding the 
 Cord in their H?nds, the biting of the Fifh draweth 
 the Pa^kth cad, and the Packthread the Cord, which 
 admon:flieth them them what to do : whereby fome- 
 times they draw up half a dozen, fometimes Ids, but 
 commonly two or three at one draught. 
 
 Of 
 
f- &i ftftfttg. 55 
 
 Of the STICKLEBAG. 
 
 THis Fifli is fm?ill, prickly, nnd without Scales and 
 not worth the conhderaiior, but that he is an 
 excellent bait for Tn uts, cfpeciary if his Tail on the 
 Hook be turned round, 9X which ^Trout will bite 
 more eagerly than at Tcr^K Kjach, or ^'^^ov, ^^^ 
 Loach is every whit as good a bait ^s the SnAUb^g, 
 provided you place either aright on the Hook. 1 o 
 the intent you rr>ay do it, take this oblervation .-the 
 nimble turning of the Pen^M^r^r^ow, Loach, ov Sttc- 
 klchag, is the perfedion of that fo; t of '^^^^'^^'J^^^ 
 you may attain thereunto, note, [hat you mtlft put 
 your Hook into the Mouth of anv the forefeid Baits 
 Ld out athis Tail, tying him taft with white thread 
 a little above it, in fuch manner that he rnay urn^^f- 
 terthisfowup his mbuih, and your ^efign is accom- 
 plifhed. This way of baiting is very tempting for 
 arge Troms. and feldome fails the Angler's expedta. 
 tion. This fifh in fome places is called a BanThchle, 
 
 Of the SALMON. 
 
 TH E Salmm evermore breed in Rivers that arc 
 not brackifh, yetdifcharge themfelves into the 
 Sea, and fpawn commonly in ^^^#, which become 
 sllets in the Spring following. The Melter and 
 Spawner having both performed their natural dut> , 
 thev then betake themlelves to the Sea. I have known 
 that when they have been obftrufted in their palfagc, 
 thev have grown fo impatient, that, clapping their 
 TaUs to their Mouths with afudden fpringthey 
 ^av leapt clear over Wear, or any other obMe 
 
 \ 
 
5<^ €)f fiiibing. 
 
 which ftood in their way: Some having leapt fhort, 
 have been taken by that means. If they are foob- 
 ftruded that they cannot find their way to the Sea, 
 they become fick, lean, and pine away, and die in 
 two years. If they (pawn in the mean time, from 
 thence proceeds a fmall Salmon called a Skegger^ 
 which will never grow great. It is the Sea that makes 
 them grow big ^ but it is the frefh Rivers that makes 
 them grow fat ^ and fo much the farther they are 
 from the Sea up in the River, the fatter they grow 
 and the better their food. ' 
 
 From a SamUt (which is but little bigger than a 
 Mtmovp) he grows to be a Salmon in as fhort time as 
 a Goflin will grow to be a Goole. 
 
 ^ Salmon biteth heft at three of the clock in the 
 Afternoon, in the Moneths of Muy^ June, July^ and 
 -Auguft^ if the water be clear,and forae little breeze of 
 Wind ftirring,eipeciallv if the Wind bloweth againft 
 the Stream, and near the Sea. 
 
 Where note, that he hath not his conllant refi- 
 dence, like a Trout^ but removes often, coveting 
 to be as near the Spring-head as he may, fwimming 
 generally in the dcepeil and broadeft parts of the 
 River near the ground ^ and he is caught like a Trout^ 
 With Worm, Fly, or Mmmw. The Garden-worm 
 IS an Excellent bait for the Salmon , if it be well 
 fcoured, and kept in Mofs about twenty days, after 
 which time thofe Worms will be very clear, tough 
 and lively. 
 
 There is a way of fifliing for Salmon with a Ring of 
 Wyre on the top of the Rod, through which the Line 
 miy run to what length is thought convenient,having 
 a Wheel alfo near the hand. 
 
 I have been told that there is no bait more attra^ive 
 of and eagerly purfued by the Salmon and molt other 
 n/h,than Lob-worms fcented with the Oil of Ivy-ber- 
 ries, 
 
iDf fifttng. 57 
 
 ries, ortheOilof Polypodieof theO-ik mixt with 
 Turpentine j nay, ^(fa Foetida they fay is incompara- 
 bly good. 
 
 The Artificial FJy is a good bait for a Salmon \ but 
 you muft then ufea 1 rowl as for the Piks^ hebemga 
 Itrong fifh. As the Salmon is a large hfli, lo mnft your 
 Flies be larger than for any other, with Wings and 
 Tails very long^. 
 
 You fliall obfervcjwhen you ftrike him, that he will 
 plunge and bounce, but doth not ufually endeavour 
 to run to the length of the Line, as the Trout will 
 do jand therefore there is Icfs danger of breaking yonr 
 Line. 
 
 Ifyou will angle for Salmon at ground, then take 
 three or four Garden-worms well fcoured, and puc 
 them on your Hook at once, and fifh with them in the 
 fame manner as you do for 1 routs. 
 
 Be fure to give the Salmon (as well as all other fifli) 
 time to f'^o gorge the Bait, and benotover-hafty, 
 unlefs your bait be fo tender it will not endure nib- 
 bling at. Much more maybefaidof 5^/wo«-fifhing, 
 which I fliall pafs by, leaving the rcit to your own 
 practice and obfervation. 
 
 Of the T E N C FL 
 
 Shall now difcovcr an approved way how to take 
 Tench and Carf in a muddy Pond : but know, 1 do 
 not make publick this following Secret , to teach 
 Knaves how to rob Gentlemens Ponds, lut that the 
 proper Owners may be able upon cafes of neceflity to 
 fupply themfeives with Fifh, without being puc to fo 
 much trouble and charge as to fue their Ponds. But 
 to the purpofe. In the firft place you mult provide 
 your felf with a very good large Calling- net, well 
 
 lead- 
 
5^ €)f f tfbdtg. 
 
 leaded ; let not the Mcfhes from the Crown to a full 
 yard and a half be too fmall •, for then if the Pond be 
 any thing of a depth, the fifli will ftr ike away before 
 the Net comes to the ground : the whole Net ought 
 to have a large Mefli, well leaded, and deep Tuc- 
 ked. 
 
 Thefecond thing to be dene is, to make the place 
 clean from Stakes and Buflies, and try with the Net 
 before you intend for the fport : if your Net happen 
 to hang, then all your pains will prove ineffe(ftual j 
 therefore you mull be lure before you caft in your 
 ■ Net that you clear and cleanfe the place very well 
 twice or thrice with a Rake. Then take a quarter of 
 a peck of Wheat, baking it well in an Oven, putting 
 in near three quarts of Water ; when it is well baked, 
 take five pints of Blood, and incorporate the Wheat 
 and Blood together, adding thereto as much Bran as 
 isfufficientto makeaPafte thereof: and that it may 
 the better hold together, put fome Clay to it ^ after 
 this,knead it well together with a quart of Lob worms 
 chopt in pieces, and worked into Pafte as aforefaid : 
 then roll it into balls as big as a Goore-egg,and throw 
 it into the Pond within the circumference of your 
 Cafting-net; and between whiles throw in fome 
 Grains^ and when you think the fifh have found out 
 the Baiting-place, then come in the clofe of the Even- 
 ing fhaving baited very early in the MorningJ and 
 caft your Net over the baited-place -. then take a long 
 pole with a large Fork made for the purpofe, and ftir 
 all about the Net •, for the Carps and Tench are ftruck 
 up beyond their Eyes in Mud, and ftand exacl'y upon 
 their Heads : let the Net lie near an half hour, lliH 
 ftirring with your Pole, if the place be not too deep .• 
 when you have covered the Fifh, you may go into the 
 Pond, and take them out with your hands ^ but if the 
 water »bejdecp, when you find the Carps begin to ftir, 
 
 (for 
 
( for they cannot ftand long on their heads in the 
 MudJ then lift up the Crown of your Net bolt up- 
 right with a long Staff, that fo the fiih may play into 
 the Tuck of the Net. 
 
 Here note, that fhould you draw up your Net fud- 
 denly after you have calt it in, it is an hundred pound 
 to a penny whether you fhould take one Carp or Tench ^ 
 but letting the Net lie,the Mud will choak them if they 
 remove not out of it. 
 
 Now here I cannot omit a very pleafant flory ia 
 my opinion : A Gentleman having fpecial Carps in 
 his pond, but not knowing how to take one of them, 
 unlefs it were by chance with Hook and Line •, I dc- 
 lired him that we might taftc of his Carps^ and mo- 
 deltly told him, a brace of them would ferve our 
 turns: He anfwered, I might freely havfc them, if 
 I knew how to catch them. Hereupon I prepared 
 fom^ngredients,and having baited a convenietit place 
 very cariy in the Morning,at the dusk of thq Evening 
 •we came with a Cafting-net,and at the firft throw co- 
 vered a great quantity of fi(h,as hereafter will appear ; 
 but not one feem'd to Ilir a jot under the Net, being 
 all ftruck into the Mud. Hereupon the Gentleman 
 fell a laughing heartily, faying, 5/>, // Jhadno other _ 
 provifon to trufi to but what fijl) youjhall catch this nighty 
 JbcUeve I p^allgofH^ferlc^ to Bed. Hearing him fay 
 fo, I defired that he would have a little patience, for 
 the fifli were afleep, and I was as yet loath to dilturb 
 them i but half an hour hence, if he would ftay fo 
 long, I fhould make bold to awake them with a wit- 
 ncfs : So the Gentleman having fmoakeda pipe of 
 Tobacco a Carp began to play in the Net ^ and after 
 this in a very little time a great many more began ta 
 dance and skip: whereupon 1 lifted uptheCrown^ 
 that they might play in the Tuck \ and when I thought 
 they were all got out of the Mud I began to draw, 
 
 and 
 
60 ^f f ffl)fn5. 
 
 and at one draught drew up in the Net Seventy odd 
 Cwm, great and ImaJl. to the admiration and great fa- 
 .isfadtion of the Owner and the reft of the company, 
 . aving in all their life-time not (een the like before* 
 
 The Tench hath but fmall Scales, f and they fmooth) 
 yet very large Fins , with a red Circle about his 
 Eyes, and a little Barb hanging at each corner of his 
 JMouth. 
 
 The Slime of a Tench is very medicinal to woun- 
 ded Fifhes ; and therefore he is commonly called the 
 Fifljes Phyjitian. 
 
 The Pike isfo fenfible of his vertue, that he will 
 rot injure the 7V»c/?,though he will feize on anv other 
 filhof his fize that comes in his way -■ And when the 
 Fikj: is fick or hurt,he applies himfelf to the T^w^,and 
 finds cure by rubbing himielfagainfthim. 
 
 The Tench hath a greater love for Ponds than clear 
 Rivers, and delights bimfe'f amongft Weeds, and 
 loves to feed in very foul Water *, and yet his food is 
 nourifliing and pleafant. 
 
 The time of Angling for him is earlv and late, both 
 morning and evening, in the moneths oijme^uly and 
 Auguf^ or all night in the (till parts of the River. 
 He is a great lover of large red Worms,an(l will bite 
 molt eagerly at them, if you firft dip them in Tar. 
 The Tench loves alfo all forts of Pafle made up with 
 flrong-fented Oyls, or with Tar, or a Pafte made of 
 brown Bread and Honey, He will bite alfo at a Cad- 
 worm , a Lob worm , a Flag-worm , green Gen- 
 tle, Cad-bait, Marfii-worm, or foft boy led Bread- 
 graii^. 
 
 Of 
 
of the TOaCOTH. 
 
 THc Torcoth is a fifli having a red Belly, but of what 
 eflimation 1 know not ; for that, let the Welfh- 
 men fpeak^who beft know him: for as I have heard he 
 is only to be found in the Pool Lin-peris 'mCarnarvan' 
 pnre. I only name him that you may know there is 
 fuch a fiih. 
 
 of tk raoiiT. 
 
 IT is obferved that the Trmt comes in and goes out 
 of feafon with the Stag and Buck, and Spawns a- 
 bout October or November : which is the more to be 
 v^'Ondred at , becaufe molt other fifli Spawn in warm 
 weither, when the Sun by his heat hath adapted the 
 Earth and Water making them fit for generation. 
 All the Winter, the Trout is Sick, Lean and unwhol- 
 fome, and you fhall frequently then find him Louzy. 
 Thefe Trout-lice are a Imall Worm with a big Head 
 flicking clofe to his fides, and fucking moifture from 
 him that gave them being .• and he is not freed from 
 them till the Spring or the begining of Summer, at 
 which time his Itrength increafeth^ and then he de- 
 ferteth the ftilldeep waters, and betakes himfelf to 
 gravelly g ound, againfl: which he never leaves rub- 
 ing till he hath cleanfed himfelf of his Louzincfs •, and 
 then he delights to be in the fharp Streams and fuch 
 as are fwift , where he will lie in wait for Mimevps and 
 May-flies ^ at the latter end of which month he is in 
 his prime, being better and fatter in that Month , 
 efpecially at the latter end thereof, than in any o;her 
 throughout the whole year. 
 
 There 
 
62 £)f f tilling. 
 
 There are fcveral forts of Tronts highly prizable ; 
 ?LSthliFordUge-TroHt^X.}\t Amerly-'troHt,thQ BulL-Troiit 
 in NorthumberUnd^ with many more which I fhall for- 
 bear to mention, but ouly tell you what is generally 
 obferved^ and th^it is, that the red and yellow Tro«fi 
 are the belt, and as to the Sex , the Female is thebeft, 
 having a lefs head and a deeper body then the Male. 
 By their Hog- back you fhall know that they are in fea-. 
 fon , with the like note for all other fifh. 
 
 The Trom isuiually caught with a Worm, Minnow 
 or Fly natiiral or arLiticial. There arc feveral forts of 
 Worms which are baits for the Angler j the Earth- 
 worm, the Dug-worm, the Mat^got oroentle^ but 
 for the 7rtf/<f, the Lob- worm and Brandling are the 
 beft, or Squirril-tail, having a red head, ftreakt df>wn 
 the back, aad a broad Tail. The Brandling is found 
 commonly in an old Dung-hill, Cow-dung. Hogs- 
 dung, or Tanners-bnrk. Here note, that whatever 
 Worms you fifh wirhal are the better for keeping^ 
 which muft be in an Earthen pot with Mofs, which 
 you muft change often in Summer, that is, once in 
 three or four daies, and in twice as long time in Win- 
 ter. 
 
 When you fifh for a Trout by hand on the ground, 
 take a Lob-worm and clap your Hook into him a little 
 above the middle, and out again a little below the 
 fame ^ then draw your Worm above the arming of 
 your Hook,making your firft entrance at the Tail end, 
 thait the point of the Hook may come out at the 
 Head-end. 
 
 When you fifli with a Minnoyv^ take the whitefl: and 
 middle-fized,fortbofe are thebeft, and place him fo 
 on your Hook, that he may turn round when he is 
 drawn againft the Stream. 
 
 The beft Inftructions f for putting the Minmsv on 
 the Hook) which I can lay down are thefe : Put your 
 
 Hook 
 
^t !fftfl)ing. 6^ 
 
 Hook in at his Mouth and out at his Gill, drawing it 
 through about three Inches ^ then put the HOolc again 
 into his Mouth, and let the point and beard come out 
 at his Tail ., then the Hook and his Tail v ou mult tic 
 about with a fine white Thread, and let the body of 
 the Minnow be almoft ftraight on the Hook : then try 
 againfl the Stream whether it will turn ^ where note, 
 it cannot turn too fait. It you want a Mwmvo^ a 
 fmall Loach or Sticklebag will ferve the turn : if none 
 of thefe can be gotten, you may in their feafon have 
 an Artificial one made of Cloath by one that is living, 
 which I have found to be every whit as good a Bait as 
 what are natural* 
 
 If you fifh with a Natural or Artificial Fly, then 
 follow fuch directions as i have already prefcribed in 
 a foregoing Chapter, which particularly difcourfes of 
 Flies Natural and Artificial. 
 
 Of the UMBER, 
 
 IT is the opinion fome, that the 'Uw&^r and Gr ai- 
 ling differ onely in Names,and arc of a Trowf-kind, 
 but feldom grow to the bighefs of a Trouty I having 
 never feen nor heard any exceed the length of eJgh-« 
 teen Inches. 
 
 He frequents fuch Rivers as the TrontJ 6,0, aad 
 is taken with the fame Baits , efpeclnUy the Fly j 
 and, being a firaple Fifh , is more bold than the 
 Trout is. 
 
 In the Winter he abuonds aiinfelf, but after Jprii 
 he appears abroad,and is very gamefome and pleafant. 
 He is very tender-mouth'd, and therefore quickly loft 
 attei he is flruck. For what more may be faid, I refer 
 you to the Chapter of the Gr^iUng, 
 
 T-^ Th^3 
 
^4 €)f fianng. 
 
 THushave I given you an Alphabetical and fum- 
 mary accoantofthe Nature of Fifh, and'th'efe- 
 veral ways to take them,according to ancient and mo- 
 dern experience : I fhalJ onelygive you more" a fliort 
 difcovery of their Haunts 5 and fo Ifhall conclude 
 this Ticatife. 
 
 . JSJext to- the Art of taking Fifh, the knowledge of 
 their Haunts and proper places to find them in accor- 
 ding to their kinds is rightly W%t confldered- for 
 mt knowing wh^t.Riversor'wh'at'partsof them are 
 fitceftfor^yourBilits^or what- Baits beft fute with each 
 River and thefifh therein contained, you onely aiigle 
 atadvcntufe,and, inftead of reaping fiiti<>faa:i6ri,^you 
 onely lofe yoiir pains and your labour. • " ■- ' 
 
 ' ■' Wherefore in the firft placryou are to underftand, 
 that fiflies change places with the feafon. Some'in the 
 Summer keep always near the top or rim of the Wa- 
 ter^ others are continually at the bottom. For the' 
 firlt, you may angle with a Float or FJy ^ the latter 
 are to be found at the Arches of Bridges, Mill-ponds ' 
 Wears, Flood-gates, &c. In Winter all fi/Ii in gene- 
 ral fly into deep Waters. 
 
 The Barbel, Roach, Dace, and ^/#" delight in fandy 
 gravelly ground. The deepeft part of the River: and 
 the Shadows of Trees are equally grateful. 
 
 • . "'■ ■■ ..- i '-'■'. tti 
 
 The Bream, Pike^^nd Chuh choole a Clay and Ouzie 
 ground. The Bream delights molt in the midit of a 
 River whofe. Stream is not too rapid, but gently 
 gliding : the Pike is for ftill Waters full of Fry ^ and 
 that he may the better and fecurer feize his Prey, he 
 frequently abfconds himlelf amon^ft Water-do'cks 
 under Bulhcs or Bull-rufhes. 
 
 Qtr^, 
 
Carf^ tench^^J^nd Eel frequent ftill Waters, and 
 
 \yhat are foul and muddy.£e/j lie lurking under Roots 
 
 or Stones : The, Carp is for the deepclfc place of the 
 
 .Watery and where there are gr^ea,, Weeds the Carp 
 
 and, Tench delight; moll of-,aHo iq .: . ..i . i2 
 
 *Tearch delight in gentle Streams not too deep, yet 
 ihe^. mufii'Jaot befhaUowi and a Ihoiiovv Bank is their 
 chicfeft jefuge. 
 
 5-; Gudgeons love fandy ground in gentle Streams, they 
 affect fmall Rivers above the large, orfmall Brooks, 
 and bite belt in the Spring till they Spavvn. 
 
 The Salmon delights moft in Rivers which ebb and 
 flow, are large, and have a fwift current , infuch Ri- 
 vers are the greatelt plenty. If the Rivers are rocky 
 or weedy, fo much the better. 
 
 Shad, Thrvait^ Plaice^ and Flounder have the grea- 
 telt love for fait or brackilli Waters which ebb and 
 
 flow. 
 
 The Vmber affeLT:s Marly Clay grounds, clear and 
 fwift Streams •, but they muft then be far from the 
 Sea, for they feldom come near it. 
 
 There are many more Rules to be obfervcd, u'hich 
 generally hold good, but 1 will not conclude them in- 
 fallible, fince I have found fomeofthem fwcllcredi- 
 Ted) very falfe-, wherefore let every man's expe- 
 rience be his guide in the knowledge of the na- 
 ture of Rivers, and the Fifh their Inhabitants. And 
 therefore it will be very requilite for him that would 
 be compleat in the Art of Angling,diligently to obferve 
 whatever River or water he fiOieth in, whether it be 
 
 1-2 muddy 
 
(,6 €)f !ffia)inii. 
 
 muddy^flinly ftony,gravelly,fwift,or of aflow motibn. 
 And as he muft have a competent knowledge in Ri- 
 vers^ Ponds, or all fifhable waters he is acquainted 
 with ^ fo muft he know the nature of each Filh, and 
 what Baits are mofl: proper for every kind,or he fhall 
 never attaint© the reputation of a good experienced 
 ANGLER. 
 
 I fhall conclude this Treatife with the experimen- 
 tal obfcrvations of an ingenious Gentleman, who hath 
 practiced the Art of Filhing many years, and there- 
 fore the more fit to give Dire(flions for the right ule 
 of the Angle. 
 
 Expert^ 
 
€>t f tfting. 67 
 
 ' &^ .^^ -^ .^^ ?^^ 9?^ ^fe .^9 ^ ^ 
 
 Experimental Ohfervations anduje^ 
 fill T)ireBms for the right ufe 
 of the Angle ; and is a true and 
 brief Epitome of the iiohole Art 
 andMyjlery of the Fijhing 'Re- 
 creation. 
 
 NOne certainly is fo ignorant to addrefs him* 
 felf to the River for Recreation, but he will 
 be mindful to carry neceflary Tackle with him : be- 
 ing compleatly furnifhed therewith, let him m the firft 
 place confult Sun, Wind, Moon, Stars, and change of 
 Air ; for without obferving Times and Seafons, his 
 Tac<!c,thout^h never fo good, wiH prove ineffe(ftnal 
 
 Wherefore ohferve, if the Sun be obfcuredwith 
 Clouds, and his Face hidden from your Eyes, then fet 
 forth your Ground-baits,and ufe your brighteft Flics. 
 If the Sun fhine out glorioufly, then ufe the darkeft of 
 your Flics. Here note, 
 
 Jf that the Wind he in the South, 
 
 It blows the Fly in the Trout'i Mouth. 
 
 If the weather be warm, it is no matter in whnt 
 point of the Compafs the Wind lieth, fo that it blow 
 
 L s v\ot 
 
63 ^f f Tfting. 
 
 not to^ high •, the fame obfervation holds good at 
 Night as well as Day. If the Sun fhine bright, the 
 Ajoon prove clear, or the Stars glitter, there is but 
 little fport to be expe(n:ed. 
 
 Gentlemen , I write to you that have more than 
 common experience in the Art of Angling, and there- 
 fore I hope you will not exped that I fhould here in- 
 form you how to profecute the little recreation of the 
 Thames J how to catch Sle^iJ^^j, Dace, &c. fince there is 
 hardly any young beginner that; is ignorant thereof • 
 Whereof omitting fuch trifling difcourfe, 1 Ihall fall 
 upon that which isfomewhat more material, and firlt, 
 how to take Eels* When the Angler ftaysa night or 
 two, let him take five or fix Lines for what number 
 he thinks fitj each of them about fixteen yards long , 
 tind at every two yards long make a Noofe to hang on 
 a hook armed either to double Thread, or Silk-twift, 
 for it is better then V/yre. His Hooks mufl; be baited 
 with Alillers-tbambSf Loaches^ Minnow s ox Gudgeons i 
 to every Noofe there mufl: be a Line baited, and all 
 the Lines muit ly crofs the River in the deepefl: place, 
 either with Stones or pegged lying in thebottom,you 
 muH watch all night , or rife as foon as ever it is 
 break of day -( or elfe you will lofe divers that were 
 Jiungj and drav/ up the Lines , on each of which I 
 have known two or three Eels or Grigs. 
 
 Every one that delights in Fly-fifliing ought to 
 learn the way of making two forts of Artificial Flics , 
 the Palmer ribbed with Silver or Gold, and the May- 
 fly, both which are theground of all Flies. 
 
 In the making of the Palmer-Fly hemuftarm his 
 Line on the infi 'e of the Hook ^ then with a pair of 
 Sizers let him cut fo much ofthe brown of a Mal- 
 lards Feathers as he fiiall think fufiicient to make the 
 XA'ings ^ then let him lay the outcrmoll part of the 
 Feather next the Hook, and the point of the Feather 
 
 to- 
 
towards the Shank of the Hook ^ let him whip it 
 three or four times about the Hook with the lame 
 Silk he armed the Hook ^ then make his Silk fait : 
 then let him take the Hackle of the neck of a Cock 
 or Capon (but a Plovers Top is belt) and let him take 
 offthe one fide of the Feather ^ and then he mult take 
 the Hackle-filk, ©r Gold or Silver thread •, and let 
 him make all thefe fall at the bent of the Hook, 
 working them up to the Wings j every bout fhifting 
 his Fingers, and making a flop, then the Gold will 
 fall right, and let him make fall: then work up the 
 Hackle to the fame place, and make it fall : alter this 
 let him take the Hook betwixt his Finger and Thumb 
 in the left hand with Needle or Pin, and part the 
 Wings in twain i then with the Arming-filk (havmg 
 faftned all hitherto; let him whip it about as it falleth 
 crofs between the Wings, and with his Thumb he 
 mult turn the point of the Feather towards the bent 
 of the Hook: then let him work it three or four 
 times about the niank, fo fallen it, and view the pro- 
 portion for other Flies. 
 
 If he make the grounds of Hogs-wool, fandy,black, 
 or white,or Bears-wool, or of a red Bullock two years 
 old, he mult worl> thcfe grounds on a waxed Silk,and 
 mult arm and fet on the Wings as aforefaid. ^ 
 
 The body of the May- fly mult be wrought with 
 fome of thefe grounds , which will be admirably wehl 
 when fibbed with black Hair. The Oak-fiy he mult 
 make with Orange-Tawny and blr.ck, for the body ^ 
 and the brownof the Mallards Feather for the Wmgs. 
 The next thing to be obferved is the Floating tor 
 Scalc-lifli in Pond, or River : Firll, take notice that 
 the Feed brings the Fifh together, as the Sheep to the 
 Pen ', and there is no better in all Angling tor Feed, 
 than Blond and Grains ^ though Pafte is good yet in- 
 fcrlourtotheie. ^^^^ 
 
70 £>i f injing. 
 
 Next, let hiniobferve to plumb Iiis ground. Am- 
 Img with fine Tackle, as fingle hair for halftheS 
 
 xTh kP^".°°V.°""'*.'"V"'^" P'^^bed accord g 
 *o his Float. There is afmall red worm with a vel- 
 fn,T %Z ^'' Tail, which 1. an excellent bait for this 
 fti 1 Fifh or any other.Other fpecial baits are theft- 
 Coc"k hT'^ ^^«^P«?'<"- Cadice iotherwift ca >d 
 k the Ri vel^'"^ '" '" ^""«"y '"'''' "°*^ the ftones 
 
 zle rodof Twelve foot long, with aRingofWvre 
 onthetopof the Rod for the Line to runthro^/h 
 w, hin two foot of the bottom of the Rod, there is a 
 |io e made to put in a Wind to turn with a Barrel, to 
 gather up the Lmeand loofe it at pleafure : This is 
 the belt manner of Trowling 
 
 MeIi"pntH"°'''p-"">''°u"^'^ n,orcP,%, either in 
 Mecre, Pond, or River, than any Trowler with his 
 
 Rod can do , which is done after this manner. 
 Inn, 'f'''^'' (^'"^kwith a Line of Twelve yards 
 ong wound upon It; at the upper end leave about a 
 
 buov'ifn'rhe ^V'"^"^'' ^f '^'^S'' °^ » Bladder o 
 huoy up the Fini,and to carry it from the ground The 
 
 Ki.tmuft be a live fi/h, either Dace^C.dLnXlch 
 prfmalir„«,: The forked ftick muft ifavea niTin 
 the one fide of the Fork to put in the Line , that l" 
 ^;ny lethis 1 vefiflito fwimat a gage, that when a 
 ^H.taketh the Bait, he mayhavefhf full libertv of 
 he line for h.s feed. He may turn thcfe looft either 
 
 onrfh^'J^'^'^V 'f "^' ^°^^^M^ the Wind all day 
 Jong the more the better: at night let him fetfome 
 fnullwoghtthathemay Itay the Buoy till the fI 
 
 For the River he muft tmn all looft with the 
 i "!"'■' the Hooks mult be double, the Shanks muft 
 t;c loraewhatlliortcr then oiuinary; for the llioi ter 
 
 the 
 
the Hook is off the Shank, without doubt it will lefs 
 hurt the fifh : and it muH be armed with fmall Wyre 
 well foftned ^ but certaioly a hook armed with twilt- 
 ed Silk is better. 
 
 If yoa arm your hook with W^yre, the Needle mull 
 be made with an Eve^ then mull he take one of thole 
 living Baits, and with one of his Needles enter within 
 a Straws breadth of the Gill of the Fifh, fo pull the 
 Needle betwixt the Skin and the Filh , then pull the 
 Needle out at the hindmofl Fin, and draw the Arming 
 thorough the Fifli, until the Hook come to lie clofe to 
 the Fifties Body : having fo done, let him put off in 
 Meere or pond with the Wind ^ in the River with 
 the Stream .- the more that he pulls off in Meere or 
 Pond, he is the likelier to have the greater faltirae. 
 
 There is a time when Pikes go a Frogging in Ditch- 
 es , and in the River to Sun them, as in May^ Juncy 
 and July j at theJe times you fhall hardly mils one in 
 twenty ; and thus mufl the Angler deal with them. 
 Let him take a Line of Seven or Eight foot , and let 
 him arm a large Hook of the largefl fize that is made, 
 and arm it to his Line ^ let him lead the ftiankofhis 
 Hook neatly, offuch a weight that he may guide the 
 Hook at his pleafuie. He may flrikethe Pike that 
 he fees with the bare Hook where he pleafes.This Line 
 and Hook doth far exceed Snaring. 
 
 In the taking of a Carp either in Pond or River, if 
 the Angler intends to add Profit to his Pleafure , he 
 mufl takea Peckof Ale-Grains and a good quantity 
 of any Blood, and mix the Grains together, with 
 which let him bait the Ground wherein he intends to 
 Angle. Thisfeed will wonderfully attrad theScale- 
 fifli , as Carp., Tern h J Roach ^ Dace, and Bream. In the 
 Morning early let him profecute his paflime., plumb- 
 ing his ground, and Angling for a Carp with a flrong 
 Line : the bait mull be either falle, or a knotted red 
 
 Woim 
 
1^ ^l f tfltimg. 
 
 Worm j by this means he flial] find fport enough. 
 
 In the Taking of a Trout with Ground-baits thus 
 mull the Angler do : In the firft place he mult have a 
 neat taper Rod , light before , with a tender Hazle 
 top. He may Angle with a iingle hair of five lengths, 
 one tied to the other for the bottom of the Line, and 
 a Line of three hair'd links for the upper part j and fo 
 if he have room enough he may take the largeffc 
 Trtf/^r that fwims in the River. He that angles with 
 a line made of three liairM links at the bottom, and 
 more at the top, may take Trouts ^ but he that Angles 
 •with one Hair , fhall take five Trouts to the others 
 one: For this Fifli is very quick fighted ^ therefore 
 the Angler both day & Night mull keep out of fight. 
 He mull Angle with the point of his Rod down the 
 Stream. 
 
 He mufl begin to Angle in March with the Ground- 
 baits all day long : hut if it prove clear and bright, he 
 mull take the Morning and livening, or elfe his labom' 
 will be in vain. 
 
 He that Angles with Ground-baits, mull fit his 
 Tackle to his Rod, and begin at the upper end of the 
 Stream, carrying his Line with an upright hand,feel- 
 ing the Plummet running on the ground fometen 
 Inches from the Hook, plumbing his Line according 
 to the fwiftnefs of the Scream that he Angles in , for 
 one Plummet will not ferve for all Streams. 
 
 For his Bait let him take the red knotted Worm, 
 which is very good where Brandlings are not to be had* 
 The Ml mow (or as fome call it a I'enk) isafingular 
 Bait for a Trout ^ for he will come as boldly at it as a 
 Mnfliiff^dog at a Bear. It will be advantageous to 
 him in his angling to ufe a Line made of three Silks 
 and three Hairs tv^illed for the upper mod part of the 
 Line,anc] two Silks and two Hairs twilled for the bot- 
 tom next the Hook.with a Swivel nigh to the middle 
 
 of 
 
>f his Line, with an indifferent large hook. Let him. 
 )ait his hook with a ,T^/w;ow,puttingthe hook through, 
 "helowerraoltpartofhis mouth, iodraw, the Hook 
 -hroush -then put the hook in at the mouth again,and 
 let the point ot the hook come out at the hindmoft 
 Fin ■ then let him draw his Line, and ths Mnmws 
 [nou'th will clore,that no Water will get into his Belly. 
 As 1 faid before, he muft angle with the point of his 
 Rod down the Stream, drawing the Mmow up the 
 Stream by little and little nigh the top of the Water : 
 the Trout feeing the bait will come mofi; fiercely at it j 
 but the Angler muft not then prefcntly ftrike : this is 
 a true way without Lead ^ tor many times they will 
 come to the Lead, and forfake the Mtmwiv. ■ ■ 
 
 The nextdireftionishow to angle with a Hy tor a 
 rrout. In the firft place let the Angler fit himfelt with 
 a Hazle of one piece or two fet conveniently together, 
 light and pliable. The lower part of Ins Line next 
 tlie Flv muft be of three or four hair d Links ,vbut 
 ifhe can attain fas aforcfaid; to angle with a fingie 
 Hair, he fiiall meet with more profit and plealure. 
 
 Before he begin to angle, havingthe wind onhis 
 back, let him try how far he can calt his Line, 
 or a? what length his Fly, and let nim be careen 
 that the Fly fall firft on the Water ; f^^r if any of the 
 Line light upon the Water, he had better to have 
 ftood Itill than to have thrown at all. ^ ^e mult al- 
 ways caft down the Stream,, with the Wind behind 
 and the Sun before him -, it isa great advantage to 
 have either Sun or Moon before him. 
 
 March is the raoncth for him to begin to angle vvitU 
 the Fly 1 but if the Weather prove windy or cloii- 
 dv there are feveral forts of Palmers that arc good 
 at 'that time: The firft is a black Palmer ribbed 
 with Silver: The fecond a black Palmer wi h a.i 
 Orange-tawnyBody: Thirdly, aPalmer wnolebo- 
 
74 ^J f ifting. ^ 
 
 dyis all black: Laftly, there is a red Palmer ribbed 
 with Gold , and a red Hackle mixed with Orange 
 Cruel. Thefe Flies ferve all the year long Morning 
 and Evening, whether Windy or Cloudy Weather. 
 But if the Air prove ferene, he may then imitate the 
 Hawthorn-fly, which is all black and very (mail, and 
 the fmallcr the better. 
 
 In May let him take the May.^^ and imitate that, 
 which is made feveral ways : Some make them with 
 a Ihammy Body; 'tis belt with black Hair .• Others 
 make them with fandy Hogs- wool, ribbed with 
 black Silk , and winged with a Mallards Feather 
 feveral ways, according to the humour of the Angler* 
 Another called the O^j^-fly, is made of Orange co- 
 loured Gruel, and black, with a brown Wing. Laft- 
 ly, there is another Fly, the Body whereof is made 
 of the ffcrainof a Peacock's Feather, which is very 
 good in a bright day. Thefe feveral forts of Flies 
 will ferve the whole year,obferving the times and fea- 
 fons. 
 
 Here note, that the lightefl: Flics are for cloudy and 
 dark! Weather,the darkefl for bright and Iight,and the 
 reft for indifferent feafons, for which his own Judge- 
 ment, Difcretion, and Experience mult guide him. 
 Of late days the Hogs-wool of feveral colours, the 
 Wool of a red Heifer and Bears-wool are made ufe 
 of, which make good grounds, and excellent paftime. 
 
 The Natural-fly is a fure way of Angling to Aug- 
 ment the Anglers Recreation. Now how to find 
 them take notice that the May-fly is to be found play- 
 ing at the River fide, efpecially againftthc Rain. 
 
 The Gallfly \s, to be found on the Butofan'Oak,or 
 
 an A(h, from the beginning o^May to the end of y^<- 
 
 ^hfl : It is a browntfli Fly, and ftands always with his 
 
 bead towards the Root of the Tree, very eafy to be 
 
 found. 
 
 The 
 
5E>f ftftfng. 57 
 
 The BUck::flly is to be found on every Hawthorn- 
 lulh, after the Buds are come forth. 
 
 Now with ihcfe Flies he mull ufe fuch a Rod as to 
 ngle with the ground-bait .• the Line muft not be 
 6 long as the Rod. 
 
 Let the Angler withdraw his Flie as he fliall find 
 t moft couvcnient and advantageous in his Angling. 
 A^hen he comes to deep Water f whofe motion is but 
 low) let him make his Line about two yards long, 
 nd dop his Fly behind aBuIh, and he (hall find incom. 
 )arable fport. 
 
 The way to make the belt Pafte , is to take a con- 
 renient quantity of frefli Butter, as much Sheeps-fuet 
 hat is irefli, a lufficient quantity of the ftroBgeft 
 "heefe can begotten, with the pithof anoldftale 
 /vhiteLoaf: Let allthefebe beaten in a Mortar till 
 :hey come to a perfect: pafte ; and when the Angler in- 
 :ends to fpend feme time in Angling Jet him put here- 
 )f the (quantity of a green Pea upon his Hook, and let 
 iim oblerve what pleafant effcfts it will produce. 
 
 An Angling SONG, ' 
 
 COme Uy by all cares , and hang up allforrow^ 
 Lei's u4ngle to dajy and ne're thinkjofto morrow ; 
 And by the Brook^fide m we Angle a long^ 
 Wee I cheer up our f elves with our fport and a Song. 
 
 Sometimes on the Grafs gur fehes We will Uy^ 
 Arid fee how the watery Citiz.ens play ^ 
 Sometimes with a Flyfiand under a Tree , 
 And choofe ont what Fifli our Captives jliall be : 
 
 Thpu void of all care we're more happy . then they 
 That fit upon Thrones and Kingdoms dofway\ 
 For Scepters and Crowns dif^juiet Jiill brings 
 But the Man that's content is more blefithan a King. 
 
 Aa 
 
76 €>f iffifttng. 
 
 ^ »«->.■ : 
 
 ■_\ _ ; r":;:'"» . ^^ 
 
 ■..■ . .'. •' \\- 
 
 
 
 .ri t<yy '■rq <-; 
 
 ? ;:tar-v.,f ■. 
 
 '.'.1,;'..' 
 
 
 . ..J j;rj.r< .-■ 
 
 
 ' ' 
 
 An Abftrapl of,fueh Penalv^^ 
 
 : i'Jhlh 
 
 -r.i ^ ^tJ^Otn ti)^ Nativity of our Lady unto St 
 
 Martin's patu ^pMng/^almoits map not be tjeittop'J 
 nor taken, bp il^fts nor ottiet Engme£5, at 5ptU-pooh 
 
 from t^e miD)(t of April Urttil St. John Kaptlil. . Thf 
 Penalties you may Tee in the faid Statute at large. 
 
 I. Eliz. cap.' 17. i^onc fijall- tafee ano fetU ani 
 roung 515rooD, t>patDn, 00 ifrp of Eel0, Salmon 
 i^ifee, orang ottiep Sf\^h in anf Jflojo-gate, l^iped 
 t^e tail of a spjll; 2!?Ucar, or in anp S^tpaigtits 
 §)trcam0, llBrcofe^; Hitjers frefl) or falt» jpor.tai|ji 
 ur feill anp Salmons, or HDrouts not being in feafort 
 being Kipper S^almqns, or Hipper 2rroiit0, ^IjeODe. 
 ^,*ilmon0, 0: ^l^eoser Crout0. . . * 
 
 II. i^one tljall tafeeoi* hill ai\p piUe or ^tcfeeri 
 not being in lengtl) ten incljcijiftil), no: Salmon no 
 being in lengtlj fifteen incl)C0 jfi'li, no: Slrout unDei 
 cigljt inches, nor 15arbel unucr tluelt3eincl)c0. . '• - 
 
 ill. ijione Wl taUe ififl; tuitt) anv manner o 
 ^trammel, ic. in anp Hitjer 0: otlicr pla^ce0, but one 
 Ip toitlj jjiet or 2:rammel, iuljcrecf ctjcrp s^efi; 
 
 ^n0j 
 
iDf f (d&tng. 77 
 
 S^asfe %U be ttdo int^^B mn \ broati. ^ngfUngcK? 
 
 ccpteD. 
 
 , iV. ^etjett^clers t\}\s Statute aUoiu^ Smelts, 
 
 jy^oac^es, 5pinnoto0. burgeons, Eelcs, $c. to be tatien 
 
 bpiliet,|c. in fuc^plaeest* ano Cuc)^ tuajpsj^ Jereto^ 
 
 fore ttiep^atieteen. r - '"/'.';' 
 
 V. 2El)cpenaltp for ebo;^ offence tsroo's* ano tbe 
 Jftflj To tafeeit, asalfo tlie Engine or SlJcbiefUj^a^o^ 
 cber to'^eeebp tt)e offence ^jais contmittefi* ' .'."" r: . 
 
 5 Elizicap. 21. JJ one map fcp Dap or mggt breafe 
 Dotun, cut outj o.r Deftcop anpl^eatioclDam ofanp 
 JHJonDS, J^fDl0, ^potcs, ^c* iuliere anp JFilb fijall be 
 jjut in ovfioteo Uutbal.bp tbe owners tlierecf. jlioe 
 fl;aU £;ahCj iiitil, oi* S>teal atyav anv of tbe im if ifij in 
 t je faiD i^ouDg, $c. agairiff tje tbill of tbe 0kntti 
 
 22 6$: 23 Car. 2 cap. 2,f. ^t is not iaMiil jfot anu 
 perfon to ufe anp Ca(ting«^n^tj fj^ipf^njct) S^raiumeu 
 ^liotje^nct, or otber jie^t ; -nor to ufe anp Siigjc, ^air> 
 j|ij3fe> ^peari or SC^roUil ; Jior to lap: anj? Jiiet3, 
 mUtaxs/^ots, ififlj^l)ooH0, or ct^er Engmesi j ^r to 
 tafee anp#i(b bp anp ot'^ei: means orptjebice^ lu^atfo' 
 eber, in'anp laiber, ^"cUJ^J^j^bno, ^^^^Qtcmm^^v mwia^ 
 tcr j j^or be aiDtng or nCT^fting tljerevintor tott?)out tbc 
 iliccnfe or ronfcnt of t^eii^projir #to)fier,of ttie faio 
 ?ii2itat£r. 0nD in cafe anr perfon be contict of anp of 
 t^efe £Dffencc0, liptjiisavbn ronfefflon, orbp^at|of 
 one fuH^cicnt eclUtacfs, tuitbin one monct^" after tbc 
 Offence be cominittcD, before anp iufttce of tbeii^^eace 
 of fucbCoimtpiUtmng, SDtbtftom or |3lace> iotjcrein 
 fucb becommittao; etjcrp fnctj perfon in SEafeing, 
 Stealing, qv MMing. S^idyiWifQV £Uxv iucy £DiTence 
 giDcto ttje i^artp ir^Barti^s gricuerscr injure-) fucb 
 recompcnce fsr tjts or tt)eir S:^nm:^gc0, ana tcitijui 
 fucb time 00 ttjcfaio BBufltce Ojall appoint, nctercetc^ 
 ing treble 2?amagr0: i^no ober anDabcbe papDofen 
 prefcntlpimto tl;c ;©t3crfccis fcr t^e pair tolieve fnrb 
 
 £>ffcnrc5 
 
79 €>f fffting* 
 
 SDffertce tis committeo, fuc^ fum of ,^oitepj wot t%^ 
 ceeomgios.astlje faio 31 uft tee (ball tl^tnfe meet, ^m 
 f«oefaultofpawenti asaforeCtto, t^efame tobele^ 
 Dieo bptjiltrefe of t^e^Senocrs (0ooijs, h^Mwtmt 
 unoer t|ie ^ano ano ^eal of fucl^ Slulttce before tol^om 
 tit ^©ffenuer fljall be cont)tcteij, tenojing t^e overplus, 
 ifaitpbe: ^no forluantoi 'iDi^ms t^e iDffenoer oc 
 £)ffenDei:0 fljallbe tommttteo to tlje^oufe of Correct!^ 
 on, for fuc^ time aj5 tlie Suffice fiiaUtbtnfeftt, not t%^ 
 cecoing one spont^, mUfs tlie partp ofif^notng ll^all 
 enter tnto iBono toitl) one competent s>urerp or S>ure^ 
 ties to t^e partp tniureu, not eirceeoing ten pounoji, 
 netjer to offeno m liUe munnec. 
 
 IL • ano etjerp BluC^ice of j^eace, before to^om fucl^ 
 £>ffentier fijaU be can^ct, mnv take, cut in pieces, ano 
 oeftrop all fuc^ angles, §>pear5 , ^airs, i^cofes , 
 CrotDls, ?lI2aear0, ^ots, ^lib^^mKs, jl>.ets, or ot^er 
 Engines tobatfoeiier, to^eretoitb fuc^ j^DfEenoer as a* 
 forefaio fijall be tafeen or appre^enoeo* 
 
 IIL iiietert^elefs, anp perfon aggrtctjeo map ap^ 
 pealtottieBlufticesof t^ei^eace in tt)ei;nert quarter 
 S>einonsj tD^o map git)e relief, anomaberHC^€)roer 
 tlierein as fijall be^agrecable to t^e Cenor of t^ts act : 
 iD^e ^roer therein fl)aU be final, if no title ofitanOx 
 Hopaltp, otififberp be therein concerneo. 
 
 J &^. Kr .> 
 
 FIJ^^'^'^^>^^^^- 
 
The Hunter* 
 
 A VIS COVINS S of 
 HORSEMANSHIP: 
 
 Dire^ing 
 
 The right way to breed, keep, and train 
 
 a HORSE, for ordinary Hnnllng 
 
 and Plates, 
 
 OXFORD, 
 
 Printed by L, Vcbfield, Printer to rhe Univerfityj foi' 
 
 NlchoUi C/.v. 1/585. 
 
C 1 3 
 
 The HUNTER 
 
 C H A p. I. 
 
 Hnming'Horfes in general, their Ex- 
 ^ller2cy, attd the necejfjty and benefit 
 ^ the Art of Keeping, 
 
 lallomittofpeak in praife of z^^^^^;^^ in gene. 
 I, fince I would avoid (^as much as raicrht be JRe- 
 pns, and that it is already done iit'tlie Begin- 
 thQ foregoing Book, vwith more Mdrefs than r 
 afierot But fince that Author hath fpoken 
 13 ot the Huming-Horfey which is a principal 
 «m of that Excellent i^fcr^^f,^^, { defire leave 
 ik^vpordm his Behalf. In Behalf, I fay of 
 )ble Creature, to whom all that are Followers 
 itingare oblig'd : fince it is by his Strength 
 fo^rthatwegratifieateafeour Eyes and Ears; 
 ') the Pl^fures that Hnming affords ^ and with- 
 lofe Affiftance, a great part of us could enjov 
 tie morethan in Imagination, 
 tis not to us only, that are Hmtfmen^ but to 
 'kt»dj that the Hunter is (or may be) fervice- 
 Has our Pri7ice, or Country occafion for our 
 • in the Field : on what Horfe can we venture 
 'esmore fecnrely, thao on the Hunter} His 
 is to obey tht Hmd and Hcel^ equals him to the 
 
4 €^t t^wntwtg''i)orfe» 
 
 Mannagd Horfe. His being usM to gallop on all 
 of Grounds, as well fteep places as deep Earths, 
 . fo fteeU his Courage, that he declines no Mtl 
 fervice you can put him on. - Arc there Jmbufc 
 to be laid, Dijco'veries to be made, fpeedy and 
 Marches to be perform'd j or any other Ser 
 wherein Strength of Body, Purity of Wind, or S 
 };efs, are requii'd ? The General may in any of 
 cafes rely on the Hunter, with as mnch Confid 
 as on the Horfe that'is dref'd in the Mannage. 
 
 In times oi Peace 'he is equally Ufeful, not on 
 "Tleafure, but alfo for Necejfity, and Profit, 
 diverting to the Eyes, is a Beautiful Horfe af 
 Packjof Dogs'i and with how much eafe to out 
 dies, and delight to our Minds, are we carried 
 them \ with fo much /^;^o«rand Fride to be difc 
 m\\h Countenance, as if he emulated the Hou^ 
 their Speed, and was delirous to excel! them, : 
 Obedience to their common Lord. 
 \ How Necejfary is the Hunter beyond all other 
 fes, if his Adafiers urgent j^fairs (where either 
 Of Fortune are in hazard, ) exact the performar 
 a long Journey in a fijort Time. If his Maflcr, in 
 of Advantage, has matched him againlt any 
 Horfe ; how ready and willing is he, to perfor 
 Vtmojt that Nature is capable, of, or his Maflt 
 reafonably expeft fjoraHim ? aud having Art 
 to his natural Abilities, will not only exccll all 
 Horje% but accomplifli things beyortd his A 
 HopeSyOr ExpeRat ions', for without itsAffifta 
 Dieting and Exercife, no Hurfe C^n follow the H 
 or indeed undergo any other extreme Labour, 
 out hazarding the »«/m?^ hii Greafe, the breal 
 his Wind, Qv foundring him either in Feet, or Boc 
 which arc confcquences of immoderate Labou 
 Ignorance in this Art. 
 
1 may therefore give you fome Light into its 
 ;s, I fhaJl firll dtrect you how to breed fuch 
 lat may be for Training j or elfe inftrudl you, 
 erwifc to procure them. Secondly, how to 
 f Shapes^ ^ark^^ and other Tokens, what 
 ay be mofl convenient for your purpofe. 
 , how to diet him lb, that he may perform 
 s within his Power, without Danger. Laft- 
 t manner of Excrcije is moft conducive to 
 ign : and on thefe Heads \ intend to inlarge 
 >llowing Difcourfe. 
 
 efore I enter upon my SuhjeEl proposed, I 
 necellary to nnfwer Four Obje^ions that may 
 againfl this Art of Dieting and Training Hor^ 
 
 I may remove all prejudice from the minds 
 , who think they may have Rep.fon to op- 
 
 and that I may vindicate ('with Truthj this 
 d clear it from all Afperfions. 
 rfl-Ohjefiion I fhall mention, is made by de 
 lis Epiftlc to the Reade", ' Edit'. 4th,) where 
 e Vmbrngeoflm Love to fJorfcs and in pity 
 riardfhips they undergo in Hunting, he ex- 
 inveighs againft it, as the Sourfe of all their 
 . But that I may not be tax'd of Prevarlca- 
 ly Reader, and for his fatisfadion I fhall fet 
 s Words, which arc thefe. 
 Nobility and Gentry of this our l(le of Great 
 did truly know how honourabltf^ and how com- 
 ' Horfeman^np werei and how much they are 
 and admirdywho are the true Vrofeffors thereof. 
 Id labour more than they now do, to breed and to 
 d Horfes ; but it much troubleth me to fee, hoW 
 eem Gentlemen have thereof. Some Horfes they 
 ough not for Mannage, yet for Hunting : hut 
 nner of Hunting ? Fox-hunting forjooth^or Har- 
 ich be oi fleet as petty Grey-hounds, wherewith 
 
4 Ci&c i^unting^l^otfe. 
 
 they do fo ntfich over^ftrain the [irength of thefe 
 HorfeSy (forcing them over deep Fa/lews^ tough 
 and wet and rough Sands^) that albeit thofe Hor 
 ^rong and able, yet are they fo toil'd out therewitl , 
 that when they come home at night they would fit , 
 Heart of him that lovcth an Horje to fee them fo bem I 
 hloodedy fpHrred) lamentably Jpent, and tyred out ^ iv 
 /w iffuch Horjes had been ridden to the Great 5* 
 and Cannon^ they would irt^nitely have delighted all 
 that fjould have beheld them. 
 
 To this I anfwer, that for my own part I an 
 vei7 fond of Fox hunting-^ but I can fee no Rt 
 why Perfons of Honour fliould t\Ot graft fie their Fa; 
 with this Recreation^ fince from the beginning H< 
 v;ere made for the fervice of Man ^ and doubtlefs 
 their Recreation, as well as more neceflary Ufes. 
 I am very confident, that if Horfes be train'^d^di^ 
 and r?V<aff«accoi ding to Art^ there will be left! 
 ground for this OhjeBion. Fc: by good Feeding Fi 
 npfs would be prevented , and by Airings and 
 Exercifey the Horfes Wind would be fo impro 
 that no moderate Labour would hurt him ^ 
 though a Horlc by immoderate Ridings were red 
 td fuch Tragical Exigencies, as De Grey mentions. 
 by the Afiiltanc c of An Nature may be in Tvui 
 four hour i If xce fo reliev'd, that all thofe dange: 
 Symfi oms jliall be removd^ and all the Natural Facu 
 ad as formerly. 
 
 Now ns to the lall: part of his Argument^ I ap 
 to all thcrreateft AUflers of Academies here, c 
 Foreii^nParts-y whether ijj the Mannage, the 5 
 are not as much us'd, f not to fay more,; as in H 
 ing'y and the Duke of A^firc^yi^/f in his Afethode ]> 
 vellc in 8" p. 8 5. fays, tl nya foirt d Exerctfe fi 
 lent four les Chevaux que celuy de Mamge \ thai 
 There is no Exercife fo vieknt for Horfs as the M 
 
 na 
 
vage ; fo that you fee Humiug is not the only violent 
 Exercife : and Salomon dv la Brove goes further in 
 his CavaUrife FroH^oifcf telling us, that Manna^d 
 Horfes fhould fometimes be us'd to the Chafe^ fince 
 hnming^Si^s his w/W, and brings him to a civil Ac" 
 ^Hainta»ce with Other Horfes : inferring from hence, 
 that hunting procures to an Horfe trvo Benefits, viz. 
 Speed and Strength , and reforms in him tvoo Vices, 
 Salvagenefs and Refiivenefs. 
 
 Secondly, there are others, that though they may 
 approve of keeping their Horfes clean, yet are not 
 reconcil'd to humitig , but being either Admirers of 
 CoHrfingy or elfe keeping Horfes only for the benefit 
 oftheir /?f^/f^, and the taking the Air \ will not be 
 perfwaded, but that they can bring their Horfes to 
 the fame Perfeflion without huntings as with it. 
 
 To anfwer the firft of the(e, I mean Courfers ^ I 
 affirm, 'tis impoffible to attain the end of this Art by 
 that Means : for being obliged in fearch of their Game 
 to toiltheir Horfes all day, over deep Fallowsy in a 
 foot-pace only, they are likelier to bring their Hor- 
 fes to Wearinefs than PerfeUim. 
 
 And the fame Anfwer may ferve the Others Ukewile : 
 for /??W/«^aHorfe upand down the Field after no- 
 thmg, brings a Wearinefs and Diflik? to an Horfe in 
 his Exercife^ through his Ignorance of the Time, 
 when his Labour fliall ceafe ^ whether, or to what 
 End he isfo laboured. Whereas on the contrary, an 
 Horfe naturally takes delight in follcwing the Dogty 
 and feems pleas'd with their Mnfick.-, as is evident by 
 his pricking up his Earf^ g^^ing on them, ' and preffing 
 to ^(rallop towards them, when ever he hears them in 
 fuiicry^ (^though at a diftance.) Nay further, 1 have 
 been A^afher of a Stonehorfe^ that fo entirely lov'd the 
 Hounds^ that when at any time ('through eagernefs 
 of Sport, and defire to fave the Hare from being 
 
 eat«» 
 
6 Cfte f uttting'-l^otfe. 
 
 eaten) I have rid in amongft the Dogs, he Would 
 fo carefully avoid treading on them, that he has 
 more than once hazarded my Limbs (by making a 
 fdlfefiep) to (^AVQ theirs. From hence I infer, that 
 doubtlefs Horfes extreamly delight in huntings and 
 confequently, that it is a fit Exerctfe for them. 
 
 Thir ily , Others Obiecft, That what foever Flea- 
 fure there may be in iiaming , they had rather deny 
 themfelvesthatfatisfadion than hazard the Laming 
 their Horfes^ which, ^.asthey are t.ld; few,or no Hm- 
 ters efcape. 
 
 That Hunters are fomotifnes Lame^ I do not deny .• 
 but cannot aliow, that it proceeds alwaies from this 
 I.xtrcife* For'tis the Indifcretion of the Riders, in <^- 
 'verfixainmg their Horfes at LeapSy and by that m«;anes, 
 fometimes clapping them on the backzfneWf^ catching in 
 their- fijoos, and fuch like, and not the Sporty that is the 
 caufe of Lamencfs. But on the contrary , I will un- 
 dertake to fhew any man Twenty other Horfes lame 
 (which never knew what belonged to Hunting) for 
 One Hunter. There are feveral other Reasons belides 
 Hunting to be given for Lawenefs •, as for Inftance. 
 Much Travel ' though but moderate , if care be want- 
 ing) will produce iF/W-^^Z/j, and Splints^ which are 
 the fore-v uimeis of Lanienefs. Want of Exercife will 
 firr^.Uen the Hoofs., and dry up the f news \ and too much 
 negligence in Travail occalions Siirhating^ Foundring^ 
 and G; availing. Horfes ©n the Road oftentimes 
 fiumble, and now and thcn/^//, and fo become Lame» 
 Nri , ^Slip, or an Ot/^r-re-^c/j are as incident to the 
 J'ad^ as to the Hunter. And to conclude, the Horfe 
 that is Drefsdy is nioie liable to a Strain in the Back:, 
 4md Fillets^ thm the Hunter ^ by meanes of his jhort- 
 turns: ib thiit you may perceive that Lamifiefs is £- 
 fidemical ^ .md chcreloie no more to be objected a- 
 ^smii Huntii^g-Horfes^, tjian the reft of that Species. , 
 
 fourth- 
 
Fourthly, Some again are Enemies to this Art of 
 DyetingHorfes in f articular : affirming, that fuch exa[i 
 Diet makes them tender , fickly, and takes them off 
 their Stomach: and that the Charges are not only- 
 great, but likewife unnccefiary. 
 
 TotheFrV/ part o{ this Obie^ion, I anrwer,that 
 an Horfe isfo far from being made tender , or lofing 
 his Appetite, by fuch extrcam and feveral Feedings, 
 if he have proportionate Exercife, that it rather in- 
 ures him to hardfhip. For much Labour (K not too 
 violent) either in Manor Beafi^ inftead of weakning 
 the Ssemack, and caufing Sick^iefsj does rather advance 
 the Appetite ^nd prefervehis Health-^ and it may be 
 obferved, that it doth oftner heighten than decay, 
 the Stomack. In like manner moderate Airings pu- 
 rify his Wind , and both together render hiip Hial- 
 thy, and fit for Service. 
 
 As to the feveral forts of Food, we fhall prove in 
 thelequel, that every part of it is both nourifliing, 
 and natural to all Horfes Conftitutions ^ fo that con- • 
 requenrly,tis not only allowable, but neceOary : An.d 
 to prove this, needs no more ^ than to ride an ordi- 
 nary Horfe drawn fleafj, a days HHnting-.OX three HcatSy 
 3nd zCourfe, againft the beltof thofe Horfes, which 
 ^re kept by fuch Perfons who think that halt a Peck a 
 Day, and fetching his water at the next Spring is 
 fivrjemanfljtp i'uffic'iQnt -^ and they wil! find by keep- 
 ing and Exercife, the Ordinary Horfe will become long 
 winded, 2nd fiick^ at Afarh^: when the other that is 
 Fo/^/-/f^, and fat , will foon give out , for want of 
 Wind ^ cr otherwife if he be hardy wiil dy undtr 
 iheSpiir-^ whereas if the untrained Horfe had been 
 rightly ordered he would have worfted Twenty fuch 
 Horfes. 
 
 Now to the Charges of Keeping ^ Fifty ShllUngi a 
 Tear dXshms'd ior Breads befidesZ/.^; , Strfi^M^ ^ Co>7i 
 
 ai d 
 
8 jac]^e^ttntfng^]^t:fe. 
 
 and Phyfick.^ ('which all Horfes ofValne mufl: be allovy- 
 edj is all that will be requi(ite,to keep an Horfe in 
 as good State for Ordinary Hunting , as any Horfc 
 whatfoever. Laftly by being Skilful in the^rtof 
 Keeping , this Advantage will infue ^ that no Difttm- 
 per relating either to the Head or Body can conceal 
 themfelvcs from his keepers knowledge, whofe Skill 
 will inform him , how to put a flop to them, before 
 they have made any confiderable Advances to the 
 Horfes Prejudice. And he that grudges fo fmall an 
 Expence on fo noble and ufeful a Creature as an 
 Horfe is , defervcs never to come on the back of 
 one. 
 
 CHAP. 11. 
 
 Of Breedings the Choice of a Stallion, and 
 
 Mares, ivith fome general Kemarl^s 
 
 on Marf^i' and Colour s* 
 
 Since Creation and Generation preceeded the Art 
 of Ridings and that the firfl thing which is of 
 Courfeto be treated of, is the Choice of an Horfe fit 
 for this exercifeof Hunting, I fliall fpeak fomthing 
 curforily of the Art oi Breedwgy before 1 treat of the 
 Hunter ready for fervice. To them therefore that 
 havegroundsconvcnienffor 5rf^<j!, Ifiiall diredthis 
 part of my difcourfe; and lay them down fome few 
 Rules that may be ferviceable to them, though I fhall 
 be as brief as poHible , and refer them to Markhaw^ 
 tie Cirey^ Mor<Tan^ Almond^ and Facing Compleated, 
 
 r which is collected from the forementioned Authors 
 
 A'ftirkJpam 
 
Markham and de Grey ) all which have treated of the 
 Art o( Breeding more at Jarge. 
 
 Firft therefore 1 wonJd advile you to buy either an 
 Arahian Horfe (if you can procure him,) a Spamard^ a 
 Turkj, or a Barb, for ]?our Stallion, that is well Jhafdy 
 of a good Co/<7«r to beautify your Race, and well 
 markld^ to agree with molt iner.s Opinions -, though 
 otherwife they are not fo (ignificative as Mr. Bhinde- 
 •vile, and his- Italian Autbor Frederigo Grijfofie, would 
 have us believe. 
 
 To^begin with the Arabian -, Merchants, and other 
 Gentlemen that have traveii'd thofe parts, report, 
 that the right yJrabians are valuM at an incredible, as 
 well as an ifttolerabje Rate ^ being ppiz'd a( Five 
 hundred, others lay at o;?r, tvpo, and three thoufand 
 Pounds an Horfe •, that the Arabs are as careful of 
 keeping the Genealogies of their Horfes, as Princes in 
 keeping their Pedigrees -, that they keep them with 
 Medals; 2.nd that each Son's Portion is ufually two 
 Suits of Arms^twoCymetcrs, and o«<? of thefe HorfeS. 
 The Arabs boaft, that they will ride fourfcore miles a 
 dav, without drawing Bitt : which has been per- 
 form'd by feveral of our EngUjh Horfes» But much 
 more was atchiev'd by an Highway-man's Horie -^ 
 who hj^ving taken a Booty, on the jatni day rode him 
 from London to Torh^, being One hundred and Fifty 
 Miles. Nocwithllanding their great value, and the 
 difficulty in brieging them from Scanderoan to Eng^ 
 land by Se,i ; yet by the care, and at the charge of 
 fome Breeders in the North, the Arabian Horfe is no 
 ftranger to thofe parts ; where Perfons who have the 
 curiofjty, may fas I prefume) at this Day lee fome of 
 the Race, if not a true Arabian Stallion. 
 
 The Spanijlj Horie (according to the Duke of Neve- 
 caftle) is the Noblefl Horfe in the world, and the moft 
 Beautiful that can be , no Horfe is fo curioiilly Ihap'd 
 
 all 
 
all over fromH^^^ to Croups and he is abfolutely the 
 heft^ Stallion in the world, whether you defign vour 
 Breed for the Marjfja^e, the PT^r, the Pddy Humng, 
 or for Running Horfes. But as he is excellent, fo he 
 wants not for price, Three or Four hundred Pifiols 
 being a common Rate for a Spa?jijh Horfe. Several 
 have been fold for Seven hundred^ Eight hundred, and 
 a thoufand P ijh Is 2 ])iccQ j and One particular Horfe, 
 called el Bravo, that was fent to the Arch-Duke Leo- 
 fold, was held worth as much as a Mannour of a 
 Thoufand Crowns a year. The belt SpanijI) Horfes are 
 bred in Aidalouz^ia, and particularly at Cordova^ 
 where the King has many Studds of Afares, and fo 
 havefeveral of the Spanijh Nobility and Gencry. Now 
 befides the great price at i}i ft, the Charges of the 
 Journey irom Spain to England will be vcry confldera- 
 ble: for firft, he muft travel from Andahuzja to 
 Bilho, or St '>ehaflien, the neereft Ports to England, 
 andisatleaft Four hundred Miles : and in that hot 
 Country you cannot with fafety travel your Horfe 
 above twefny iMiles a day , then there is the Expcnce 
 of your Groom and Farrier, belides the cafualty of 
 Lamcnefs, Sicl^efs, and Death : fo that though he do 
 pro\x an Extraordinary good Hovfc, by that time he 
 arrives at your owrt home he will likewife be an £.v- 
 traordinary dtar onQ. 
 
 The Turk}?' little inferior to the Spanijlj Horfe in 
 Beauty, but fomewhat odd-flwp'd, his head being 
 fomewhat like that of a Camel: He hath excellent 
 Eyes, a thin Neck excellently rifen, and fomewhat 
 large of body : his Croup is like that of a /Ufule ; his 
 Legs not fo under limb' dzs thofe of the Barb, but very 
 fhewy, good PaslerNs,?r\6 good FJoofs : They never' 
 amblc,huttrot vGvywcW: and are accounted at this 
 prcfent ])etter Sta'lions for Gallopers than Barbs, as 
 when I come to fpcalv of them) I ihall fliew. 
 
 Some 
 
Some- Merchants affirm, that there cannot be ^ 
 more noble and divertive fight to a Lover of Horfes, 
 than to Walk into the Failures near Confiamine^le^ a- 
 bout Soyling-time-i where he may fee many hundred 
 gallant Horles tethred^ and every Horie has his At* 
 tendmt or Keefer^ with his little Tent (plac*d near 
 bim) to lie in, that he may look to him, and take 
 care to pnft him to frefli Grafs, as occafion requires. 
 
 The Price of a Turk is commonly One hundred or 
 One hundred and Fifty Pounds a Horfe, and when 
 boughttis difficult to get a Pafs'^ the Grand Segmor 
 being fo very ftrid, that He feldom Tbut upon ex- 
 iraordinary oecafions) permits any of his Horfes to 
 hQexforted\{i% Dominions. But if (when obtained) 
 you travel by Land^ without a Turkov two for your 
 Convoy you will be fure to have them feiz'd on by the 
 way. 1 hen, as in the former, fo here,- you will find 
 the fame difficulties of a hng Journey, ( for you muffc 
 come through Germany^ which is a long way,) aud 
 the fame charges attending it, I mean your Groom^Liid 
 Farrier who mnft be careful that they entruil no 
 Perfons whatfoever with the care ofhim, but them.- 
 lelves, efpecially mfhooing o^hm : For tis the com- 
 mon practice beyond Sea, (as well as here ) where 
 they difcover a fne Horfe, to hire a Farrier to friik^ 
 him, that they may buy him for a Stallion. 
 
 But feme People chufe to buy Horfes at Smyrna \\\ 
 Anatolia^ and from thence^ as liktwife from Conflafi- 
 tinople^ tranf port them to England by Sea ^ which, 
 ifthe Wind ferve rights arrive in England in a month^ 
 though generally the /l/f re W;?j make their Voyages 
 little lefs than a Ouarter of a year. 
 
 The Barb is little inferior to any of the former in 
 heainy, only lie is accounted by our Modern Breeder^ 
 too (lender and Lady-lih^ to breed On : and therefore in 
 the North, at this inltant, they prefer thQ ^fanif,} 
 
 Horfe 
 
1 1 €^]^e l^untf ns^]^orfe. 
 
 Horfe and T«ri^before him. He is fo lazy and ne- 
 gligent in his w/ilk,^ that he will jtumhle on Carpet^ 
 groHnd. His TrtJf is like that of a Gow , his Gallo]^ 
 Jow, and with much eafe to himfelf. But he is for 
 the moft part/iwi^)', and nervous^ excellently winded^ 
 and good for a Cottrfe^ if he be not over-weighted^ 
 
 The Momtain-Barbs are accounted the bell, be- 
 caufethey are the ftrongeft and largeft. They be- 
 long to the w4//<«r^ffj, who value them as muchthem- 
 felves, as they are priz'd by any other Nations, and 
 therefore they will not part with them to any Per- 
 fonsexceptto the Pr/««of ?/7f Band to which they 
 belong ^ whp can at any time, at his pleafure, com- 
 mand therafor his own ufe. But for the other more 
 ordinary fort, they are to be met with pretty com- 
 mon, in the hands of feveralof our Nobility and Gen- 
 try^ or if you fend into Languedoc and Provence in 
 France^ they may be there bought for forty or fifty 
 P iflols 2L Hovk- Or if you will fend into Barbary^ 
 you may have one for Thirty Pomdsy or thereabouts 
 But here too tbe charges and journey will be great \ 
 tor though from Tnnis to Marfelles in France be no 
 great Voyage, yet from Marfelles to CalUis by Land 
 meafures the length of all France^ and from thence 
 they are fhipt for England^ 
 
 The next thing of courfe to be treated of, is the 
 choice of your A/'^r^/, and thefitteft Mare to breed 
 out of, according to the Duke of Newcafile's opinion, 
 is one that has been bred of an EngUflj Mare^ and a 
 S?4///o«of cither of thefe Races; but if fuch a Mare 
 be not to be got, then make choice of a right bred 
 Englifh Mare by Sire and Dam^ that is well fore-hand- 
 td^ well underlaid^ and ftrong ]nit together in general j 
 and in particular, fee that (he hnvca /^^« Heady wide 
 Noflrilsy open Chml^ a big Wcafand, and the Windpipe 
 
 firaight ind loofe^^nd chufe her about five or /a; year 
 
 old. 
 
oW, and be fure that the Stallion be not too old. 
 
 Now for theF<;(?^of the Stallion, I would have you 
 keep him as high as pofsible for fonr or ^i/e months 
 before the time of Co<i;m>?^, vjith old cUan'Oats^ and 
 "flit Beans^ well hnlCd ; to which you may add, if 
 /ou pleafe, Bread^ ^fuch as in this Book /hall be here- 
 merdireded) and now and then, for variety, you 
 may give him an handful of clean Wheat, or Oats wafht 
 in ftrong Ale; but as for Bay. fait ^ and u4mifeeds^ 
 which Mr. Morgati, in his PerfeEitm of h .rfemanfhip, 
 idviles Ihould be icatter'd amongfl his Provender 
 [hold them fuperfluouswhilft the Horfe is in health' 
 )ut be fure let him have plenty of good oldfmet Hay\ 
 Ti^\ cleanfed from Dult, and good Wheat-ftraw ro 
 leon ^ and let him be watred twice every day at 
 x)me fair running Spring, or elfe a clear ftaiiding 
 ^ond- water (where the other is not to be hadj near 
 ome Meadovo or level piece of Ground, where you 
 nay gallop him after he hath drunk. When you 
 laye brought him to the water, do not fufFer him to 
 Irink his Fill at the firfl-, but after he has taken his 
 irft draught, gallop and fcope him up and down a 
 ittle to warm it,aiid then bring him to the water a- 
 jcim, andlet him drink what he pleafe, and after that 
 jallop him as you did before, never leaving the Wa- 
 er till you find he will drink no more. By this 
 aeans you will prevent raw Crudities, which the 
 roldnefs of the Water would produce to the detri- 
 nent of the Stomach, if you had permitted him to . 
 l-nnk his m at firft^ whereas you allowing him his 
 111 (though by degrees) at laft, you keep hisBodv 
 torn drying too fait. And thi^ I take to be much 
 )5tter for your Horfes than (according to the fore- 
 ited Morgan) to incourage his Water with Whitewine, 
 ■0 qualifie the cold quality thereof: for Nature it felf 
 s the bdl DtreUrffs for the expuI0on of her £ner>nes, 
 
 efpe. 
 
14 €:]^e "^nntinz^Qtft^ 
 
 efpecially iu Brutes, where ufually fhe can command 
 the Jppetite : and therefore I efteem his own mnral, 
 heatjorwarmmg his water, to be better than that 
 which proceeds from any other. Now as to Mor^ 
 ^^«'s Direaion oi Sweating him every day early in- 
 the Mormng, which he fays will not only perfect d.f.. 
 ' eeftion and exhauft the moifture from his Seed, but 
 <- alfo ftrengthen and cleanfe his B ood and Body fro oi 
 all raw and imperfea humors-, I am of opinion twill 
 both dry up the radical Motfiure too faftvand like- 
 wife inftead of heightning his Pride and Luft, (which 
 he alledges, ) weaken him too much. Other Rules 
 mi2ht be given as to the ordering of them after Wa^ 
 f^rTandthe Ihurs of Feedmg, with the qa^Mmy^c. 
 but thefi will be fitter to be handled in another place, 
 and therefore no more of them here. , , ^. 
 
 Now when your 5M/ta is in Luft, and the Time 
 for CcveriHK is come, which is beft to be in May that 
 the Poles H^y fall in /pn7 following, otherwiie tney 
 will have little or no e-r^/s if they Hiould h^jut t9 
 aether (according to lidarhham's opinion) in the ;»..^r 
 Me 0^ March, tho he holds that one Pole ff^ngti.^ 
 March is worth twofallwg tnMay, " becaufe (^faitt 
 ^ he) he poifefleth, as it were, two Winters m a year; 
 ^ and is thereby fo hardened , that nothing can al 
 * moft after impair him. The time I fay being come 
 topiitYOurSfW//o« ana Tkf^m together, pu 1 ott hif 
 hinder \hocs, and lead him to the place where the 
 ^Uidol Mares are, which you intend for covenng, 
 v'hich place ought to be clofe well jem d, and in itj 
 litt'e tiHtt for a Man to lie in, and a larger S/W wlt^ 
 a Manner to feed your Stallion with Bread and L^om, 
 during his Abode with the Mares, and to flielterhm 
 inthiheatofthe Day and in Rainy weather and thii 
 Clofe ought to be of fulTicient Urgemfs to keep youi 
 Mares well for two months. ^^fon 
 
" Before you pull offhis Bridle, let him cover a Mare 
 >t two iff hand, then turn him loofe amongft them, 
 md put all your Mares to him, as well thofe which are 
 vith Foale, as thole which are not, for there is no 
 Janger in it ; and by that means they will all be (erv'd 
 n their height ofLufi^ and according to the imemion 
 f Nature. When your Stallion has covered them 
 mce, he tries them all over again, and thofe which 
 vill admit him he/^rw^- and when his bufinefs 
 s finifh'd, hQ heats the Pale, and attempts to be at L/- 
 *erty ; which when your Man finds, ('who is Night 
 ind Daytoobferve them, and to take care that no 
 )ther Mares are put to your Horle, and to give yon 
 m Account, which take the horfe, and vphich not, ^c.) 
 et him be taken up, and let him be well kept as before ; 
 >nly you may at the firft give him a good Majlj or 
 :wc, to help to reftore Nature^ for you will find him 
 lothing but Shjn and Bones, and his Mane and Tail 
 mil rot off. Be fure give him never above Ten or 
 fwehe Mares in ^Seafon, at moll; otherwife you 
 A^ill fcarce recover him againft the next Years Cover^ 
 ng-time. 
 
 When vour Stallion is pdH: this nfe, then buy ano • 
 :her •, but be fure never make ufe of a Horfe of your 
 )wn Breed,for by fo doing the Best Kind would in 
 :ime degenerate : but you cannot do better (the 
 Duke o{ Newcajlle fays) than to let your own Mares be 
 :over'd by their 5Jrf,forCaccordingto his own words 
 md opinion) there is no Jmefl in Uorfes : and by this 
 neans they are nearer one degree to the Purity and 
 ■iead of the Fountain, from which they are deriv'd, 
 ince a fine Horfe got them, and ZhQ fame fine Horfe 
 :overs\\\tm again. 
 
 Now though the Buke ofNewcaslU affirms this to 
 3e the true way for covering Mares, alledging that 
 Mature is wifer than Art in the y^ci of Generation, and 
 
 B that 
 
i6 €^]^e l^unting'4)orre. 
 
 that by this way, of a doz^en Mares he dare affrm 
 that ma (hall not fail\ yet it may not correfpond 
 with the Inter eU of ['om^ frivate Getulemm. who turn 
 Breeders for Profit as well as Pleafitre; for a good StaL 
 lion bearing fuch an extraordinary rate , and they 
 having but One, have reafbn to be cautions, to avoid 
 as much as can be all hazardous Experiments ^ which 
 ( with fubmiffion to the Dukes Judgment^ this ic 
 fomc cafes may prove. For firft, there have been Hor- 
 fes of great fpirit, that have kjl^'d tliemfelves througt 
 excefs of Lnfl-y being left to range at their liberty •, and 
 thofe that have been confin'd to an Enclofureyh a fekifl 
 number of Mares, have yet in one Weeks fpace fc 
 Weaken'd Nature^ that not above half the Mares hav( 
 held. Secondly, feme Mares are of fo hot a con 
 ftitution of Nature, and their Lnfi fo violent, that i: j 
 they are permitted to run long with the Horfe, aftei 
 they have conceived, will (if they be hi^h in fle(l) an( 
 luflyj defire the Horfe again, which generally hazard 
 the Lofs of the Emhrio they go with. 
 
 To prevent therefore thele Inconveniences, I fhal 
 lay you down an other Method fas briefly as ma; 
 be,J which is called CO wrmj^ in hand, as the forme 
 is generally term'do;/ft>//74«^, and the way is this 
 'VIZ.. when you have brought both your Horfe an( 
 Mare to as proper condition for Breed by j4r 
 &nd good feeding, then let fome ordinary Stond\ 
 Nag by her for a day or two to wooe her, and b; 
 that means Ihe will be fo prone to L«i?, that flie wi 
 readily receive your Stallion; which you fliouId/?r< 
 fent to her either early in a Alorning, or late in zuEve 
 ningy for a day or two together , and let \{imcove 
 her in hafid once, or twicc if you pleafc, at each time 
 obferving always to give the Horfe the advantage i 
 Ground, and that you have fomc one ready with , 
 THi'f^s of cold water to throw on the Mare's Sha^e 
 
 iffl 
 
immediately on the ^//wo//»r/;7f of the Horfe, which 
 iviil make her retain the Seed received the better 
 sfpecially if you get on her back-, and trot her about 
 1 quarter of an Hours fpact , but in any cafe have a 
 ZTiiQQi heatings ov firnifiwg her : and it wiu not be 
 imifs, if afttr every fuch aft you let them fafi two 
 Hours, and then give each of them a warm Maflj ^ and 
 :is odds but this way your Mares may be as }NeilJ}rv'*d 
 IS the other, and yet your St allien will JaJf]- you much 
 longer. 
 
 _ I fhall fay no more as to the keefing the Mares do- 
 ing the time of their being with Foale^ nor of their 
 "oaling ^ only this , that if you take care to houfe 
 ;hem all the Wmer^ and to keep them well, thei** 
 lolts will prove the better. When they are foaled 
 et them r/f« with their Dams tiW Mart in^majs, thei! 
 vean them, and keep them in a convenient Houfe^ 
 vith a low ^4c^and Manger on purpofe •, litter them 
 veil, and /ffd/ them with good Hay^ and Oan and 
 Vheat-bran mix'd, which will make them drin^, and 
 elly well. The firfl year you may put them all toge. 
 her, but afterwards they muft be feparatcd, the 
 \tone-Colts from the Filltes j and if you have choice 
 >f Houfes, you may put Tearings together, Two ye^^rs 
 /^together, and fo three years old to^tth^x^ for 
 heir better fatisfaftion and agreement^ as little Ch-.i 
 Ven befl agree together. 
 
 In a warm fair Day you may grant them liberty to 
 ««and/(7(?/?cinfomefw/t/f^ Conrtor Back-fide, but 
 '6 fure to take care to put them up again carefully^ ' that 
 he^/ be not hurt. When Summer is come, and'therc 
 5 plenty of Grafs, put them out in Tome dry Ground^ 
 hat hath convenient xvatring^ and fo let them nm- till 
 Idartinmaf again : then houfe them as before, and 
 rder them in ail points as older Horfes, till they are 
 ill Five years eld, then take them up for Toed and aU 
 
 ^ - an^3- 
 
i8 '^iit "^ntitim^otlt' 
 
 and let your Groom ^^c^^tbem if he have -^W orelfe 
 forae m^l Rider. You may if you pleafe )uft break, 
 your FilL at 7myearsa>id half old, and let them be 
 levered at Three j and by that means they will b e fo 
 tame and gentle, as not to injure themlelves or their 
 Foals. But in cafe of fck^ejj, or any accidental cala- 
 may,^sLamemfs,^c. you mult then commit them 
 
 to the Farrier s Care. r c u 
 
 The realbn why 1 propofc the Honfri^ o[ them e- 
 
 verv Winter, with dry Feeding and Lodging, is, that 
 
 thev may be the /^ilvr their S/rtr in Beamy and bhape 
 
 For the prtr^ary Caufe of the fir^cncfs o( Shape and 
 
 Beauty in Horrcs is Meat, and dry Feeding. And thi! 
 
 is prov'd from the feveral Haccs we baye already meir 
 
 tioned, vrz.. the Spamfl, Horfe , Barh, and T/zr^j? 
 
 Hor'e, all which Countreys are under an ^^i,^"' 
 
 mate, and by confequence afford //ff/^ Grajs: Ihere. 
 
 fore in our more moderate and cold Countries we an 
 
 to^mNaturehy Art, and to fupply tlie want o 
 
 Heat by v^arm Houfing, and dry FeecHng. 1 his is eaU 
 
 Iv made evident by £;^^wf/^. For take nv<j O/ri be 
 
 potbythePm^S/Vc, on Marcs of ^^«^/ Beauty, anc 
 
 hoHfe the one every Winter, and feed him as direftcd 
 
 andexpofe the Other, till they ^^z Four years old 
 
 andfittobeK-^ck'd: and you fh^U hnd the^rm. 
 
 JiKehisS/V^inall refpeds , and the other fitter to 
 
 the C^rr than Himtwo;, as being ^dull, heavy^fiabhy 
 
 tearce animated (Aod; and all this proceeds from th 
 
 Fhmtdtty of the Air and Earth. From hence yo 
 
 may infer, that tis not only Generyttton, bivt, as 1 ma 
 
 term it, Edneation, that makes a cempUat Horlc ; an 
 
 f uch yours will be, if yo« order them according to tt 
 
 ioxmcv DireBtons -^ for yon may witheale ^r.^^t 
 
 Colt that is by fuch good management made gentl 
 
 and Wf^^^c^^ to your hand. ^ ..„,,,„ t I, 
 
 But 1 have dwelt longer on this Subject than i n 
 
 tended, my buHncfs bcingcbieflv to mfoim the 6> .. 
 
(not the Mafler) what belong'd to his Office ; and 
 therefore I will wander no further from my purpofe, 
 but leave it to the Rider to follow his own Method 
 in rendring Colts fit for his MaHers Service : whilft I 
 give fomeifewDiredions to thofe Gentlemen who will 
 not bellow either trouble or charges on Breeding, 
 or have the Pr;7/but not the Convenience to do it, how 
 to eled an Horfe fit for this Exercije. 
 
 The way for a Gentleman to fHrmjh himfelf with an 
 Horfe, that may be worth training for Hunting, is ei- 
 ther to enquire out fome f2oted Breeder (of which there 
 are many in the North,) or elfe to go to fome famous 
 Fair, as Malton and Rif^on Fairs in Tork^(ljire, the 
 former held on the 23. day of September yearlv, 
 and the latter on May day: Or to Richmonds inthc 
 fame Shire, (which, as 1 am informed, does now of 
 late ■, ears exceed both the fore-mention'd, being fcitu- 
 rf^^inthe mi.idlcof the moft celebrated p/irt of the 
 breeding Conntry ; ) its Fairs are held in Eafier wec\, 
 and at Rood tyde. Northampton h^isi^ey^r^l Fairs in the 
 year likewile, as on the 2 3. day of j4pril, the Sth. of 
 September, I'jth. of November, with feveral others. 
 There are feveral other Fairs , as Lent on-Fair in Not- 
 inghamjlnre , Pankj'idg-Fair in Staff^ord(J]ire , &C. 
 which for brevities fake I omit. At any of thefe 
 places he may make choice of a I^orfe, which as near 
 as can be ought to have thefe following Shapes: \iz. 
 
 His Head ought to be lean, large, and long ; his 
 Chanl thin, and open ; his Ears fmall, and pricked , 
 or if they be fomewhac long, provided they ftand up- 
 right like thofe of a Foa-, it is ufuallya fign ofMettlc 
 and Toughnefs His Forehead long and broad, not 
 flat, and as we term it Mare-facd, but riling in the 
 midfllike that of a Hare, thQ Feather being plac'd a. 
 bove the Top of his Eye , the contrary being thought 
 by ferae to betoken blindnefs. His Eyes full, large, 
 
 B 3 and 
 
70 Ci^e ^uxiiiw^^^tiz. 
 
 and bright •, his Ntfirils wide, and red within, for aiii 
 cpenNoftrilhQtokQWSZ good Wind '^ his Mouth large J 
 deep in the i^yksii and hairy; His Thropple, Weafandy ' 
 or W'mdpfe^ big, loofc, and ftreight when he is rein'd 
 in by the Bridle ; for if, when he bridles, it bends 
 in like a Bow, (which is called Cockjthropfled ) it very 
 Jtiuch hinders the free paflage of his Wind. His Head 
 mull be fo fet on to his Neck , that there mnft be a 
 fpace felt between his Neck_^nd his Chaul j for to be 
 Bu/l')2ecfCdh uncomely to fight,and prejudicial to the 
 Horfes mW, as aforefaid. His Crefi fhould be firm, 
 thin^ and well rifen ; his Neck, long, and ftraight, yet 
 not loofe, and pliant, which the Northem-men term 
 lVithy-craa£d'^ his Breafi ftrong , and broad ; his 
 Chefl; deep, his Chine fliort, his Body large, and clofe 
 lliut up to the hlucklebone ; his Ribbs round like a 
 Barrel, his Belly being hid within them. His Fillets 
 Jarge, his Buttockj rather oval than broad being well 
 iet dow7 to the Gafcoins. His C/sw^r^/i upright, and 
 not bending, which is called by fome fckle-hfingb'dy 
 though Ibme hold it a fign of Toughnefs and Speed. 
 His Lc^s clean, fiat, and ftreight. His Joyms ihon, 
 well knit, and upright, efpecially betwixt the P^/?- 
 horr2s and the Hoof^ having but little Hair on his Fet' 
 locks. His Hoofs bkxk, ftrong, and hollow, and ra- 
 ther long and narrow, than big and flat. And laftly, 
 his A<fiii?i and T<^// flioiild be long,and thin rather than 
 thick, which is counted by fbme a Tnark,ot Ddnefs. 
 
 ksiohis Colour znd Marks', I rather incline to be- 
 lieve them grateful to the Eye^ , than any infallible In^ 
 dcxes ot Goodncfs ; for as the Goodnefs or Badncfs of a 
 Man docs not confift in his Ccfuplexjo^^ but in his in- 
 ward Fcrtues^ fo neither do Colour or Marks certain- 
 ly demonitrate the GoodKcJs or Badncfs of an Horfe, 
 becaufe his ^qualifications proceed from his inward 
 4)ispofuion. i3ut yet I wholly diUcnt from the opi- 
 nion 
 
nionof Mr. Morgan, p 3 J. who hoJds, That O.W 
 ^^ and A^rkjatQ no mocQ aiiurance of a eW ^../i 
 « than the having a Feather in a Mans f.W doc-^ pr4i 
 'him a^(;c?^,l/^«ora^4^i inferring thr^t ^^he^em 
 Colours are of no greater Eminemy or /^^'r^e than 
 thole m<?r«^/ ones are which may be taken or 'laid a. 
 iide :at a man's own will and pleafure 
 
 Now I fay, thataltho Mar^s and Colour do not 
 abfolutely give teftimony unto us of a H.rfes ^oodnefs 
 
 IVt^^lr^'f- '' ^''^J'^' ^^ ^'"^'"'^^^ f ^ "^in fomi 
 part his Dtjpofmon and i^ualities- For A^.??«rr, not be- 
 ing defedtiye frames every part of the fame matter 
 whereof the whole is formed , and therefore theFte- 
 r/« being formed of the copulative Seed of its Stre 
 and Dam does from them derive as well the acci- 
 dental as the more ejfential Qualities of its tempera- 
 ment and compolltion. And for this Reafon Uair 
 It felf may often times receive the variation of its 
 C.W from the different temperature of the Subjed: 
 out of which It is produced. And to confirm this 
 I dare pafs my word, that wherever you fhall meet 
 with ^nUorfe that hath nowhtte about him ef- 
 nf'.lfJh^i?^'' i^-.-W, though he be othei'wife 
 of the beft reputed Colours, as Bay, Blacky, Sorrel &c ' 
 That Horfe I dare affirm to be of a dogaed ,nd full 
 lend^fiofmon-, efpecially if he havea fmallp../,£y' 
 and a narrow Face , wjth a Nofc bending like a nik^ 
 
 But yet I am not pofitive, that Horfes even of the 
 mo^ celebrated Colours, /nd Ma-ks anfwerable do 
 always prove the /..y? • becaufe 1 haveieen tho^Hor 
 fes worfted by Others, whofe Marl^ and C^W have' 
 
 tne ».nee. But I rather attribute the Caufe thereof 
 tothe4w..c. of the RUer, that had the /.^I?'^ 
 
 ^4 of 
 
of thofe belt marked Horfes , than to any defedl 
 in Nature 'j {or Nature is no Counterfeit , as ^rf 
 often is , to make a thing fhew to the Eye, con- 
 trary to what it is in reality. And therefore 
 as I would not have men put too great Confi- 
 dence in Marks and Colours j fo I would not have 
 them tfteemed of fo lightly, as the former com- 
 pnrifon of Mi. A/i??x4«j would make them j for it 
 is aconftantand infcpa.able quality tor Horfes to 
 poduce H<^ir , which is given them by Nature 
 as a Tegument and Defence againft the Cold : 
 and if it be fljaved <#, galled , or any waies elfe 
 removed or taken away , yet it will grow again ; 
 but a Feather may be put to , or taken from a 
 Mans Hdc at his p'eafure. 
 
 Therefore fince Colour feemeth to fet forth the 
 .Beauty of nn Horfe, you may for Ornament lake 
 and to pkale your Eye, make choice of an Horfe 
 that is eiuier a Brown-Bay^ Dapple-Bay^ Blacky, Sad" 
 Chef nut with Flaxen Main and Tail , fo that they 
 h^ve either n White Star ^ hlane ^ oi Snip ^ with a 
 V,'hiteFoot\ Vipple - Grey •, or White J, yard with 
 Blacky Mnzz/e, £ve,apa Ear. Any ofthefe are repu- 
 ted by moft men to give a Grace to fjape ^ tho 
 in ttiemfelves they are no perfe^ figns of Good- 
 ness. 
 
 Bur for his intntial Endowments, they are more 
 mater-cjl , and theufore take care that he by Na- 
 ture be of a Cemh Diipofition , to his Keeper 
 tr4Fii7h:e .'id ^icciit free from thofe ill Qualities 
 oi i^i'^ng, Striking, Reitiffiiefs, Lying down 
 in tli» W-'.'T.i , S^aiting, Running away with his 
 Rider, ' )u..^n^ Leaping, d^c. Not but that wo/7, 
 if vT-t all iiitfe /// hrbits mf.y beredified by Arf, 
 Ff.. Ex xrience has (>twn us, that Horfes which 
 have liOL ttcn cf luch a perfect Natural Compo- 
 
 fition. 
 
fition , as might be defired , have yet been tem- 
 pered by Art , and have not only been reclaimed 
 from their vicious Habits , but have been likewife 
 brought to great performance in Heats ^ as well 
 as Hunting , as I could Inftance in feveral if it were 
 neceflary. 
 
 And therefore finc€ ^n was invented to pcr^ 
 fedt Nature'^ if C notwithftanding your^care j you 
 have met with a Hor^e fubjed to any of thefe ilJ 
 Qualities aforefaid , you muft fearch into the caufes 
 of it, which -^rf will help^ you to difcoverand re- 
 move : and then the Cauje being taken away , the 
 BffeB will ceaje. So that probably , contrary to 
 moll peoples Opinions a Viciom Horfe , by good 
 management and Government may be brought to 
 excell an Borfe that has a better Reputation and 
 Fame in the judgment of the generality of Horfe-, 
 men. 
 
 i 1'^-: ■ ^:li j^gn;./:.. ; ifi :irfi b .:. 
 
 CHJT. 
 
24 <!Cfte ^untim^otu. 
 
 ■ ■:. . ■ (i^'xl yino j'.Mi e ^ . uv V'.; \j\> ■ 
 
 ii- . - C H A P4 IIL ot nrl^r' 
 
 Of the Age a Hunter jljould be of hefore 
 he be pHt to Hunting ; of the Stable , 
 and Greom , and of the Horfe^s prU, 
 taking up front Grafs ^ in order to^ his 
 ■further Dieting. vi^fV, , V 
 
 HAving gotten a Horfe anfwerable either to the 
 former Defcriptions, or your own Satisfadioa 
 atleaft, lamtofuppore that by a skilful Rider ht is 
 already grounded in the Fundamentals of this An , 
 by being taught fuch Obedsence , as that he will rea- 
 dily anlwer to the Horfeman's Help and CorreBiom 
 both of the Bridle^ the Hand ^ the P^olce ^ the calf 
 of the Lf^,andthe Spnr ^ that he can tell how to take 
 his way forward , and hath gained a true temper of 
 Mouth, and a right placing of his Head , and that he 
 hath learn'd to flop and turn readily ^ for without 
 thefe things are pcrfecftly taught , and as it were laid 
 for a Foundation, he can nevei proceed effefcually. 
 
 I had thoughts of enlarging upon this particular 
 SHhjeBy but 1 find my TOifcourfe is like to jweli beyond 
 its bounds , fo that I am forced to omit it, and there- 
 fore I Ihall refer you to the Directions and Prudence 
 of your Rider , and only tell vou that tis convenient, 
 your //<?r/e fhould be F;t;e years o\(^, and well vpay*d 
 before you begin to //'wf him. For though it be a 
 general Cuftom amongft noted Horfemen to train 
 
 rhcir 
 
their Horfes up to Hunting at Four years old , and 
 fome fooner, yet at that Age his Joynts not being fuJI 
 knit, nor he come to his beft ftrength and courage, 
 he is difabled from performing any matter oflpeed 
 and toughnefs : and indeed being put to fore Labour 
 and Toil fo young , he runs a very great hazard of 
 ftrains^ and the putting out of Splemsy Spavins^ Cnrbs 
 and Windgalls^ befides the daunting of his Spirit, and 
 abating his natural Courage , infomuch that he will 
 become melancholly, ftifi^ and rheumaticl?, and have 
 all the diftempers of old uige , when it might be ex- 
 pected he (hould be in his Prime. 
 
 Your Horfe then being full Five, you may if yoa 
 pleafe put him to grafs from the middle of May till 
 BartholmeW'tide^oi at leaft from the middle of Sum- 
 mer till that time ^ for then the Seafm being fo vio- 
 lemly hot^ it will not be convenient to work him: 
 where whillt lie is fporting himfelf at liberty in his 
 Pafiure^ we will if you pleafe take care to provide a 
 good Stable for his Reception at his taking ;/p, and a 
 good Groom to look alter him ^ both which are more 
 ellentially necellary to the Hunter than to other Hor- 
 fes, which require not that exad care in keeping. 
 
 Firlfc then as to the Stable, I could wilh every Gen- 
 tleman would be careful to fcituaie it in a good Air, 
 and upon hard dry and firm ground, that in the 
 Winter the Horfe may go and come clean in and out : 
 and if poffible let it be feated on an Afcent, that the 
 Urine, Foul Water, or any Wet, may be convey'd 
 away by Trenches, or Sinkj cut out for that purpofe. 
 Be fure to fuffcr no Hen-houfes, Hog-ftyes, or Houfcs 
 3f Eafment, or any other filthy Smells to he near ir^ 
 ["or Hen-dung,or Feathers fwallowV.,oftentimes prove 
 r.ortal^ and the ill Air of a Jakes as often is the caufe 
 3f Blindnefs : likewife the very fniell of Swine will 
 frequently breed the Farcy^ and no Animal what- 
 
 Ibever 
 
26 Cfte l^unting^l^orfe. 
 
 foever more delights in cUanlinefs, or is more ofien-- 
 ded at mvphoUfome favonrs than the Horfe. 
 
 Let vour Stable be built of Bricks , rather 
 than Stone , lince the latter is fubjedl to fvfeating 
 in wet weather : which Dampnefs and Moifture is 
 the Original of Rhenms , and Catarrhs. Let yonr 
 Wall be of a good convenient thicknefs , as a- 
 bout Eighteen or Twenty Inches thick , both for 
 fafety and warmth in Winter^ and to keep the 
 Sun from annoying him in Summer , which would 
 hinder Concodion. You may fifyoupleafe) make- 
 Windows both on the Eafl and North fides , that 
 you may have the benefit of the Air during Sum- 
 mer, from the North , and of the Morning Sun du- 
 ring Winter from the Eaf}» And I would advife 
 you to GUz.e your Windows , and make them 
 with Sajlies^ to let in Air at pleafure, and to keep 
 out Poultry , for the reafons afore recited ; and 
 likewife to make dole Wooden fiufters, that during 
 the middle time of the Day the Stable may be 
 darkj, which will caufe him to take his Refi as well in 
 the Day as the Night. Let your Floor^ (I mean that 
 part on which he is alwaies to Hand, or lye down on, 
 be made oi Oaken Plavk.'^., and not fttch'dy tor tis eaficr 
 and warmer for the Horib to I v on Boards than Stones. 
 be lure to lay them level; for if they are laid higher be- 
 fore than behind (as they generally are in Jnns and 
 Horfe-courfers Stahles^t\\7[t their Horfcs may appear to* 
 more advantage in Statur?,) his hinder-leggs will/w?f//, 
 and he can never lye at eafe, becauie his Hinder parts 
 will be k'iW flipping down. Lav your Planks crofj-w,^y,^ 
 not at lc»gth;^nd underneath them fink a good Trench, 
 which receiving the 'UnV/c thro holes bor'd on pur- 
 pofe in the Planks, may convey it into fome common 
 receptacle. Let rhe grotnd behind bim be railed 
 am with the Planls , t'lat hi may continually 
 
 Hand 
 
(land on a Levelt. Let the F/^cr behind him be pitcht 
 with fmaU Pebble I and be fure let that part ot your 
 Stablewherethe^^ciftandsbe vidlWawfcotcd I 
 would have two Rwgs\iUcGd at each fide ot his St^il, 
 for his Halter to run through^ which muft have a 
 light wooden Xo^^er at the bottom otit, to poiie 
 it pervendiCHlarly ', but not fo heavy as to nre 
 the Horfe , or to hinder him from eating. In- 
 fteadof afv'^ Manger, I would have you have 
 a Locher, or Dramr, made in the Wainfcote par- 
 tition, for him to eat his Corn out of, which you 
 may take in and out to cleanfe at Pleafnre. And 
 whereas fome may objea: the n^rrovimfs of the Room, 
 you may remedy that at your pleafure, by allowing 
 it to be the larger : tho confidering the ftnall QnanH^ 
 ry of Provender, you are to put in at a time, (as you 
 iee hereafter) you need not make it very large. _ i 
 would not advifeyou to make any 2^4ci, but m- 
 Itead thereof (according to the Italian fashion) to 
 pive your Horfe his Hay on the grsnnd , upon the 
 Ltttrr; or elfe you may (if you pleafe) nail fome 
 Boards in the form of a Trough, in whicnyoumay 
 put his Hay, and the Boards will prevent him trora 
 trampling and fpoiling it. tj s>'f:fn 
 
 Some poflibly may objecl, that this way of 
 Feeding him, ma V ffoil his Crr/?, and that the ^Mv/«^ 
 upon his Hay will foon make it naufeous to his Palate. 
 For the fS^iling his CreH , it rather ilrengthem it< 
 and makes it /^rw, whereas, on the eontyary, to litt 
 up his Head high to the Rack will make him iv/;/;_>- 
 cra^Z'^ -but the way foremcntioned, he will feed as 
 hefyes, which will beforhisf^/^andlatisfaaion.JV* 
 to thtqnamity of his Hay , you are to give i: him 
 rn fuch [mail Proportions, (thothe ofcener ; that ic 
 may be eaten before his Preath can m the leait; 
 kiave tainted it But the chief Reafon why J 
 
 advue 
 
2 8 Ci^e "^untinz^ottt* 
 
 advife you to this way is this, becaufe the receiving 
 his Hay down upon the Ground, wili help to clea/ife 
 his Head tromany Rheum or Dofe^ which be may have 
 gotten by negligence and over-exercife and induce 
 him by jnei.z.tng to throw out all manner of watry hu' 
 mors that may annoy his Head. If your Stable will 
 allow, you may build feveral Partitions of Boards^ 
 and at the Head towards the Manger let them be ad- 
 vanc'd to that height that one Horfe may not molejl 
 oifmell to another ^ and lo divide the Whole into as 
 many equal Stands or St anils as it will admit of-, al- 
 lowing to eachjRoom enough to turn about in, and lie 
 down at pleafure. Vou may make one of your Stau Is 
 clofey which may ferve for your Groom to lie in, in 
 cafe of a Match , Sicknefs , &c. and where he may 
 hum Candle without the Horfe's difcerning of it. Be- 
 hind the Horfes 1 would have a Range of Freffes made 
 with Peggs in them to hang up S^^^/fs, Bridles^ Houf- 
 sng-cloaths, &c. as likewile Shelves to place your 
 Curry-combs, Brufhes^ Dufling-cloaths^ Oymments, Wa" 
 tersy or any other NecelFaries upon . 
 
 Now that you may not cumber your Stable with 
 Oat'Bimsyl think it necellary to tell you,that thebeft 
 way is to make ufe of the Invention of Mr, Farmer 
 o(Titfmore in Oxford-flnre. Which is done (according 
 as it is defcribed bv the Ingenuous Dr. Plot^ in his 
 Natural Hifiory of Oxford-jhire) '" by letting the 
 
 * Oats down from a Loft above, out of a rejiel like 
 
 * the Hopper o[ a Adill^ whence they fall into a fquare 
 ' Pipe let into the wall, of about four Inches Diagonal^ 
 
 * which comes down into a Cupboard alfo fet into the 
 < wall, but with its end fo near the bottom that there 
 ' fhall never be above a Gallon, or other defireable 
 
 * Qu^?.ntity in the Cupboard at a time, which being 
 
 * taken away and given to the Horfes, another Gallon 
 *prcfently fucceeds •, fo that in the lower part of the 
 
 Stable, 
 
* Stable, where the Horfes ftand, there is not one Inch 
 
 * of room taken up for the whole provifion of Oats % 
 
 * which Contrivance hath alfo this further Conve- 
 
 * nience, that by this Motion the Oats are kept con- 
 
 * ftantly/i»ffr, (the taking away one Gallon moving 
 the whole Mafs above,^ which laid up any otherwiS 
 ' in great quantities, grow frequently wHfty. 
 
 Now I would have > ou have two made, the one for 
 the Oats^ the other for your ^lit Beans, and both let 
 into your Range ofPrejJes', the Partitions may ea- 
 (ily be made over head, to feparate your Oats from 
 yom Beans. Or if you like not this way, you may 
 convert it into an Hay-loft., or Chambers for your 
 (jrcowj, which you fancy ; but whatever you make 
 choice of, let the Floor overhead be /«7W, that no 
 Dnfi from above fall upon your H&rjes. Bnt if you 
 have the convenience ofuRickcyarii, (b that you keep 
 your Hay abroad, it is the opinion of fome knowing 
 Horfeweny that to tack^it out of the Rick^ by little and 
 little, as you have occafion to ufe it, makes it fpend 
 much better than it would otherwife do out of the 
 Hay-Tallet. 
 
 As to the reft of its Perquifites, a Diwg.yard., a 
 P«wp,or a Cowi^«/f,are neceliary ^ and if you can have 
 that convenience, fome Pond or running River near 
 hand. But be fure, never let the Front ot your Stahle 
 be without Litter., that by frequent practice your 
 Horfe may learn to empty his Bladder v/heu he is come 
 from Jiring^ which will be both healthful for your 
 Horfe^^ndproptablefor your Land 
 
 Having thus laid down a Modell for a Stable, my 
 nextbufinefs istotellthc Groom his Duty ; I mean 
 not thofe which ^fwcr^/Zy appertain to all Servants, 
 fuch as are Obedience, Fidelity., Patience., Diligence &c. 
 but thofe more (JfentiaUybQlougiD^ to this Office. 
 F ir ^ th^nh: nmf^ lo'-i^e his Horfe in ther.ext degree 
 
 ^ to 
 
50 €J]^e !^untitt5'']^otfe» 
 
 to his 3/<<^(rr, and to endeavour by fair Ufageto aC2 
 quire ^ reciprocal Love from him again, and an exaft 
 Obedience^ which if he know how to pay it to his Ma^ 
 /^r, he will the better be able to teach it his Horfe-^ 
 and both the one and the other are to be obtain'd by 
 fair means, rather than by Pallion and Outrage. For 
 thofe who are fo irrational themfehes , as not to be 
 able to command their own Pafsions , are not fit to 
 imdertake the reclaiming of an Horfe, (who by na. 
 tMre is an irrational Creature) from his. 
 
 He muft then put in practice that Patience^ which 
 I would have him Mafter of, at all times, and by that 
 and fair means he fhall attain his End : For nothing 
 is more tradable than an Horfe, if you make ufe of 
 Kindnefs to win him. Next, Neatnefs is requifite in a 
 Croomy to keep his Stable clean fwept and in order ^ his 
 Saddles, Honfing-cloaths^Stirrops^ Leathers^^nd Girths, 
 cleane,and above all his Horfe de^n drejpd and rubb'd» 
 Diligence in the lafi: place is requifite both in a daily 
 pradice of his Duty, and in obfcrvirg any the 
 fmallefi Alteration whether cafml or accidental^ either, 
 in his Countenance, as Symptoms of Sicknefs^ or in his 
 Limbs and Gate, as Lamenefs, or in his Appetite, as 
 forfaking h\s Meat^ and immediately upon any fuch 
 Difcovery to feek out for Remedy. 77?^ is the/«6-' 
 fiance of the Groom's Duty in general, and which I 
 fhall treat of more at large as Occafion fliall offer it' 
 ielf. 
 
 Ifi, the mean time iinct Bartholomew -tide^ is now; 
 come , and the pride and ftrength of the Grafs 
 rypp'd by the levcre Frofls, and told Dews which 
 accompany this Seafony lb tbat the Nourifliment 
 thereof turneth into rawCriidtfjes^ and theColdnefs 
 oftheA7^/;f (which is an Enemy to the Horfe) a- 
 batesas much Flefli and Lull as he gettcth in the 
 Day^ we will now take him up from Grafs whilft his 
 CoAt lies fmooth and llcck. Hav ing 
 
Having brought him home, let your Groom fo 
 that Night fet him up in jomc fecure and Ipacious 
 Houfe, where he may evacuate his Body, qnd lo be 
 brought to warmer keeping by 'Degrees ^ the next 
 day fahle hira. But tho it be held as a general Ruls 
 amongil the generality of Grooms, not to cUath ov 
 drefi their Horfes, till Two or Three das s alter their 
 ftablin^^ I can find no Reafon but Cuftom' to perfwade 
 one to it j But it being little conducive either to the 
 advantage or prejudice o^t\\Q Horfe, I fhall leave it 
 to their own Fancies : But as to the giving of Wheat- 
 draw , to take up his Belly^ (a cuftom us'd by Grooms 
 generally at the Horfe's firffc Houfing,) I am utterly 
 averfefrom it. For the Nature of a Horfe being 
 hot and ^rj/,if he fhould feed on S;r.2i!y,which is fo like- 
 wife, it would y?r4/;^kf« his Guts, and. caufe an Jn- 
 flammaticn of the Livery and by that means diftemper 
 the Blood i and befides it would make his Body \o 
 uofiive.rh^t it would caufe a Retmton of Nature^2Xid 
 make him dang with gicat pain and difficulty ; Vvrhere-' 
 as///// Feeding would expell the Excrements, accord- 
 ing to the true Intention and Inclina'-ion o{ Nature. 
 Therefore let moderate Airing , warm Chathim^ 
 good old Hay , and old Corny fupply the place of 
 Wheat-jlraw. 
 
 To begin then methodically , that voiir Groom 
 may not be to feek in any part of his Duty, I /hall ac- 
 [juainthim, that his firllbufinefs is, after he hatij. 
 brought his Horfe into the Stable, in the morning to 
 water him, and then to rub over his Body with a hard 
 iVifp a little moiften'd, and then with a woolle;^ cloath -^ 
 then to cleanfe his ShVath with his wet hand from all 
 LheZ)///? it had contracfted during his Running, and 
 to wafh his r.tr^ either v;ith White-wine, or Water^ 
 Then he nuy trim him according to the manner that 
 oilier Horfes are trimm'd, excepc the infide of his 
 
 '-' Ears, 
 
?2 %iiz "S^nntim^otk. 
 
 Ears, which Cthough fome ftill continue that fa- 
 fhion) oughtnot to be meddled with,for fe^of mak^ 
 ing him catch cold. 
 
 When this is done, let him have him to the Far- 
 rier^ and there get a Sett of Shoos anfwerable to 
 thefhapeofhisFoof, and nottop^rehis Foot that 
 it may fit his Shoo , as too many Farriers do, not 
 only in Brabant and Flanders, but here likewife. 
 Be fure let his Feet be well open'd betwixt the 
 Quarters and the Thmjl)^ to prevent Hoof-binding-^ 
 and let them be open'd ftraight, and not fide-mys, 
 for by that means in two or three Shooings, his 
 Heels (which are the ftrength of his Feet) will be 
 cut quite away. Pare his Foot as hollow as you 
 can, and then the Shoo will not prefs upon it. The 
 Shoo muft come near to the Heel, yet not be let 
 fo clofe as to bruife it 5 nor yet lo open as to catch 
 in his Shoos, if at any time he happen to over- 
 reach , and fo hazard the pulUng them off, the 
 breaking of his Hoof, or the bruifing of his Heel. 
 The Webbs of the Shoos muft be neither too 
 broad, nor too narrow , but of a middle fze , a- 
 bout the breadth of an inch, withflop'd Spmges, and 
 even with his Foot ; for though it would be for 
 the advantage of the Travelling Horfe's Heel , tO.< 
 have the Shoo fit a little wider than the Hoof, 
 on both fides , that the Shoo might bear his 
 Weight, and not his Foot touch the gfound^ yet the 
 Hunter being often forc'd to gallop on rotten fpun- 
 gy Earth, to have them larger would hazard Lam-. 
 ing, and pulling off hisShoos, as hath been fliown 
 before* 
 
 There is an Old Proverb, Before behind, and 
 Behind before ; that is , in the Fore-feet the Veins 
 lie behind, and in the Hinder-feet they lie befora 
 Therefore let the Farrier take care that he pnck 
 
 liim 
 
ci)e l^mTting'lioi'Ce. 33 
 
 him not, but leave a fpace at the Heel of the Fore- 
 feet, and a fpace between the Nails at the Toe. 
 When your Shoo is let on according to this Dire- 
 dion, you will find a gre-u deal of his Hoof left to 
 hecHt #at his Toe. When that is cut off, and his 
 Feet fmooth'd with a File , you will find him to 
 Hand (ofirm, and his Feet will be ^o flrong^ that he 
 will tread as boldly on Stones as on Garpet-gromd.^ 
 
 By that time heis/JW, I prefume 'cwill be time 
 to water him. therefore rake him to the River, and 
 let him, after he has drank, fland fome time in the 
 Water^ which will clofe up the holes (according to 
 the opinion of fome Horfemen; which the driving 
 of the Nails made. Then have him gently home, 
 and having tyM him up to the Rack, mb fami all 
 over Brdy and Legs with dry Straw :: then flop hiy 
 Feet with Cow.dm<^^ fifthim a Quarter of a Peck of 
 clean o/^ Oats^ and give them to him ^ then litter 
 him, and leave him a iufficient Q^iantity of old Hay 
 to ierve him all ^ig}n^ and to leave him till the 
 next Mornivz- 
 
 <:. Hi^^, 
 
3 4 Ci^e ^mtitii^oxk. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Hoiv to order the Hunter for the 
 firfl Fortnight. 
 
 Iprefume by this your Horfe will have evacua- 
 ted all his Grafs, and his Shoes will be fo well 
 fetled to his Feet, that he may be fit to be rid abroad 
 to Air without danger offurbating. Therefore 'tis 
 now neceflary that I begin in a more particular man- 
 ner to diretft our mexperiencd Groom how he ought 
 to proceed to order his Horfe according to Art. 
 
 Firft then you are to vifit your Horfe early in the 
 Morningy to wit, by five a Clock if in Summer, or 
 Six, ir in Winter , and having fnt up his Litter 
 under his Stall, 2ind made clean your 5?^^/^, you fhall 
 then h^\ his Ribs, his Chanle and his Flank^ for thofe 
 are the cheif fignes by which you muft learn to judge 
 o[ the goody or evil fiat e of your Horfcs body, as I 
 Ihall now fhew you. 
 
 Lay your Hands on the Ioj?/er part of his /^jort- 
 ribs, near the Flanks, and if you feel his Fat to be 
 exceeding /o/f and ffw^^r, and to v/f/^ as it were un- 
 der your hand, than you may be confident it is «»- 
 fomdj and that the Icaft violent Labour, or Travail 
 will diffolve it : which being diflblv'd, e're it be hard- 
 ned by good Dyet, if it be not then rcmov'd by 
 fconring, the Fat or greafe belonging to the outward 
 parts of the Body will fall down into his Hc<ls , and 
 
 fa 
 
b caufe gowtimfs ^nd fmlUn^. I need not trouble 
 fou with the outward figns of this Diftemper , they 
 \VQ evident to the Eye : but tho every Groom can 
 nformyou when a Horfeis faid to h^ve the greafe 
 fallen into his Heels, yet may be he cannot mftrud 
 ^ou in the caufc why Travail differ feth it for a time, 
 and whentheHorfeisco/^itm«rwwith more vio- 
 lence than before. The reafon therefore is this : 
 The Greafe which by indifcreet Exercife, and negli- 
 gence in keeping is melted and fallen into his Legs, 
 f?^«^/«^i7/// in the Stable coo/j and congeals^ and To u- 
 mtes'it felfwith Other ill Humours, which flow to the 
 affeded part, fo that they ftop the natural Circular 
 tion of the Blood, and caufe wflamations, and/weliings 
 as aforefaid : but Travail producing warmth in his 
 Limbs thaws as it were the congeafd Humours, and 
 difperfes them throughout the Body in general^ till 
 -^f/ gives them opportunity to unite and /^rf/^ again. 
 Now tho mofl Grooms are of opinion that this Di- 
 ftemper is not to be prevented bv care or caution, 
 that when it has once feazMa horfe it remains in- 
 cureable ^ yet they are miftaken in both, for by 
 Art it may be prevented, and by Art cured : altho 
 the cure is fo difficuJt to be wrought, that a Groom 
 cannot be too careful to prevent it. 
 
 As for the W^r^ Greafe which is in }\\% Stomackj, 
 Bag, and ^utsy if when once melted it be not re- 
 mov'dby Art, Medicine and good beeping, it p- 
 trifies^ and breeds thofe mortal Difeafes, which ine- 
 vitably deftroy the Horfc , tho it be half a year, or 
 three quarters of a year after. And this is gene- 
 rally the fource of moft Feavers, Surfeits^ Co>?fi4m' 
 prions , &c. and fuch other Diftempers which carry 
 offinfinite numbers of horfes , for want of tlieF^r- 
 Wer J knowledge in the firft Caufesofthe Diftemper: 
 which to prevent you Ihall follow the enfuingDire- 
 aions. C 3 After 
 
g6 €;ftc ^n\\tim^i)otft> 
 
 After by feeling on his Eibs you have found 
 his Vat f oft and unfound, you fhall feele his C/?^^/^ , 
 and if you find any fie/^:'y [nhfiance, or great round 
 Kirnclls or K^iots. you maybe afliired that, as his 
 outward Fat is unfouud , fo imvardly he is full of 
 ghit, ^udpitrfve, by means of grofsand tough Hu- 
 mours cleaving to the hollow places of the Lungs 
 Hopping fo his Windpipe that his Wind cannot find 
 free paltage, nor his Body be capable of much La- 
 bour. Therefore the chief end and Intention of 
 Art is by good found Food to enfeame and harden 
 bis Far, and by moderate Exercife , warm cloath- 
 ing, and gentle Phifick to cleanfe away his inward 
 Glut, that his Wind, and other parts being freed 
 from all c^rofsnefs, his courage and adivity in any 
 labour or fervice may appear to be more than 
 redoubled. 
 
 The fame Obfcrvations you muftmake from his 
 Flankj, which you will find alwaies to correfpond, 
 with the Ps.ibs nndChaide, for till he is drawn clean 
 it will feci thicl^^ to yovxV gripe ^ but when he is en~ 
 fcam'dj you will perceive nothing but two thin 
 skins,^ and by thefc three Qbfervatioris of the Rihs^ 
 Flankj,?ipACh.'ips, you mny, at any time pafsanin- 
 diftcrent judgnientof your Horfes being in a good 
 condition or" a W/. 
 
 When you have made thefe Remarkj , you IhalJ . 
 fift your Hbrfe a handful or two f and no more) of 1 
 l^ood old fouad O^tes^ and give them to him , to 
 prcierve his Stomack from cold Humours that might 
 opprefs it by drinking/^/?^?^ , and like wife to make 
 Jiim drinl^ihc better. When he hath eaten them, 
 puil off Ills Collcr, and rub his Fdcad, Face, Ears, 
 and Nape of the AVc^with a clean Rubbing Cloth 
 made of Hemp, for 'tis fover.iign for the Head, 
 and diifolveth all grofs r/nd filthy Humcurs. 7'hcn 
 
 take 
 
take a rmall S«4U. and wath 't'" /"'^''^'^i ?u** 
 put it on h s hefd.drawing the Reins through the 
 Headftall to prevent hU nipping u "v" his head, 
 and fo tye him up to the Rack, and drefs h.m 
 
 ^''Firft in vour iJi^k-fcWtake aCan-y-ComKuita- 
 b Wu/Horfesiin, (as if Vom^horres^-; b 
 n,on and fin^oth , then mult the CurrV 5;°mD ° 
 
 iw, but if '-r/^";in3i swirhyo r\S- 
 
 ^^tit^l^Vclitft'ldMche^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Vatl in your Z,./f-fc«^, and C'"7> '"■" f ' Va lone 
 Lrd lindfrora the Root of h.s £.« , all a lon^ 
 
 his Neck to his Si.«W." •• then S" °y« f " J| 
 5Wv with a more »«^.«»hand , th^n.^«ryj» 
 5j»*down to the hinder CamhnlL W'th^ ^^^^ 
 hand =Vin: then cJ,.»g. your .^^^ ^^^i^Sl 
 vour Right Arm over his BacK, >°>"J""' & 
 L his lel-t and 'o Curry hu„^-''>ft<^mrtet^^^ 
 of his Withers, to the lower Part oi '» j | 
 
 ever now and f -/'*^| CrJ him down to 
 
 brcls oviVj exceped. Ana ab yv^u^ 
 
 ^°e\7tt^r'S;;otice.^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Horfe keeps a riggUng u, ''"^fe to 1. at you, 
 Itaves, and now and then offenng to J«^ at y ^ 
 
 orlifting up hi? Leg to iJ^^^ « I°V«ent fegn 
 
 ^Jf%?»r -bf t-ron of U. .^^^the 
 
 Comb , and therefore you "^^^ ^^? ^^'^ J/'lf '"I'l 
 
38 ^ift^untins^ottt 
 
 the Pleafure he takes in the Friaion, then you fhall 
 ever now and then corred: him with vour Whin 
 ;gently for his Waggiflinefs. -^ 
 
 This Currying is only to raife the Dufi, and there- 
 tore after you have thus curried him, you muft take 
 either a //(?r/e-f^/7^ nail d to an Handle; or a clean 
 duHtng-Cloath oi Gotten, and with it ftrike off the 
 loofe Duft rais'd by your Curry-comb Then drefs 
 mm all over with the French-BruQy^ hoth Head, Bo- 
 oy, and Legs to the very Fet-locks, obferving al- 
 ways to clcanfe the Brufli from tht filth it gathers from 
 the bottom of the Hair, by rubbing it on the curry- 
 comb. Then dult him the fecond time. Then with 
 your Hand wet in water rub his body all over, and as 
 , near as you can leave no loofe hairs behind you ^ and 
 with your wet hands pick and cjeanfe his Eys^Ears^No- 
 [trils^ Sheath,Cods,2Lnd Tael, and fo rub him till he be 
 ^s dry as at firft. Then take ah HaJr-patch,^nd rub his 
 Boay all over, but efpecially his Fore-boxvels under 
 iiis^f//^',hisF/4;,'^, and between his hinder Thighs, 
 Laldy, Wife him over with a fine white linnen Rub- 
 ber. 
 
 When you have thus dreft him, take a large Sad- 
 dle-cloath (made on purpofe, ) that may reach 
 down to the Spurring-place , and lap it about his 
 .^odv i then clap on his Saddle, and throw a cloth 
 over him for tear of catching cold. Then take two 
 Ropes ot Straw twifled txtrcam hard together, and 
 v/ith them rub and chafe his Legs from the Knees 
 ;;nd Cambrels downwards to the Ground, picking his 
 fetlock-joynts with your hands from Duft, Filth, and ' 
 •Scabs. Then take another /y^/V-;^fc/; kept on pur- 
 pole for his Legs, ( for ^ou mull have two) and with 
 u rub and drels his Legs alfo. 
 
 Now by the way let me give you this rxcefiary 
 
 Cau- 
 
Caution, be fure whilfl you are drejfing your Horfe 
 let him not Itand naked^ his Body being expos'd to 
 the penetration of the v^iV, whillt you are telling a 
 Banhnry-ftory to fome Comrades, that accidentally 
 come into the Stable , as I have feen fome Grooms, 
 that would ftand lolling over their Horfes, when they 
 were Hncloath*d^ and trifle away their time by liftning 
 to fome idle Difcourfe ^ but when you have firipp*d 
 him fall to your Bufinefs roundly, without any inter- 
 miflion till you have fadled him, and thrown his 
 Cloth over him. 
 
 And the reafon why I advife you to throw a Cloth 
 over him, whilfl you are drelTing his Legs is this; 
 that although tis a general Rule amongfl Grooms, 
 that an Horfe cannot take cold whilft he is drejfmg^ 
 yet is that Saying to be underftood only of his Body^ 
 not of his Legs'^ for the rubbing of his Legs will 
 not prevent catching cold in his Body. 
 
 When this is done, you fhall with an Iron Ticker 
 pick his Feet clean, f that the flopping of his Feet 
 may not be a means of his taking up Stones in them,) 
 comb down his Main and Tail with a wet Main-comb, 
 then fpirt fome Beer into his Mouth, and fo draw him 
 out of the Stable. 
 
 Being mounted, rake or walk him to fome Running 
 River, or frefh clear Spring, diflant a Mile or two 
 from your Stable, (which will refine his Aloath which 
 he may have /o/?, during his Summers Running, and 
 will likewife fettle his Body upon his Raksy^ and there 
 let him drink about half his dr an rrht^ti'sik , to pre- 
 vent raw Crudities aridng in his Stomnch. After he 
 hath drH/ik^h\ing him cahnly cut of the Water, and fo 
 ride him gently for a Vv^hile ; for nothing is more 
 unbefeennng a Horfeman , than to thrull his Horfe 
 intoa/tt'/y> Gall'.pj as foon as he comes out of the 
 Water , for thefe three CaMfes. Firfl , it is not 
 
 only 
 
40 W^zl^mtinz4)ox(t. 
 
 only hazards the hreakipg of his Windy but alfb aflu- 
 redly endanges the incording^ or bur fling of hirji. Se- 
 condly, it begets in him an ill habit of running away^ 
 asfoonashe hath done drinking. Laftly, the fore- 
 fight he hath of fuch violent Exercife, makes him of-^ 
 tentanes refufe to ^nemh his Thirfi: and therefore (as I 
 faidj firft w^/)^ him a little way,and then put him into 
 ^gentle Gallop for 5 or 6 fcore, then give him wind : 
 and after he hath been rah^d a pretty fpace, then fhew 
 him the Water again, and let him drink what he 
 pleafes^und then galhp him again -^ and thus do till 
 he will dt'ink no morcj but be fure to obferve always 
 that you gallop him not fo much as either to chafe^ or 
 Jweat him. 
 
 Novy by the way obferve^ that in his galloping after 
 Water ^ (after the firft weeks enfeaming,) if fometimes 
 you givehim^ watering Courfe fljarply^ of twelve or 
 tvventy fcore, (as you find your Horfc, j it will (juicken 
 his Ifirits, and caufe him to gallop more pleafantly^ and 
 teach him to m^««4^f his X«w^i more nimblyy and to 
 (?rf re/? forth his Body largely. 
 
 When your Horfe hath done drinking, then rak^e 
 him to the Top of the next /////, (if there be any 
 near your Watring-place, ^0^ there in the morning 
 the jiir is piirejl:^ or elfe to fome fuch place, as he 
 may gain belt advantage both of 5/w and Air^ and 
 there air him a foot-pace an houy^ or fo long as you (in 
 yourdifcretion; Hiali think fujficiem for the ftate of 
 his Body, and then ride him home. 
 
 During the time of your Horfes Jiring, you will 
 cafily perceive feveral marks of your Horfes /^f/jr/^- 
 ciion, and the plcalurc which he takes in this E.vcrcife. 
 For he will i^,?^^, yawri^ an;l as it were (Ijrug his Body. 
 Ifhe offer to (land Jhll^ to dung .^ or Jlale., which his 
 Airing will provoke, be (lire ^/w h\m leave ^ as like- 
 wife to j?,':)'^ about y neigh, or I ifien after any noife. 
 
 Now 
 
Now Airing brings fev'eral ^dvanta^es to the 
 HoiTe. Fir fly it purifies the hlood^ (if the Air be 
 clean and fure-^ it p/^r^^/tlie Bo/j/yfrom many^ro/i 
 and luftbcating Humors^ and fo hardens and enfeams 
 the Horfes f ^f, that it is not near fo liable to be dif- 
 folvd by ordinary Exercife. Secondly^ it teaches him 
 how to let his Wind rake equally and ks^p time with 
 the Other A3:ions or Motions oi his Body. Thirdly^ 
 it fharpens the j4ppetite^ and provokes the Stomachy 
 (which is of great advantage both to Hunters and 
 Gallopers^ "who 2ire apt to lop fe their 5?<j»f^c/7 through 
 e'^Cf/j or W^wf of Exercife ) ; for the fljarpnefs of the 
 >^?> will drive the Horfes natural Heat from the exte- 
 rior to ihQ interior parts, which Heat by furthering 
 ConcoBion creates an Appetite. Lajlly^ it increafes 
 Luft and Courage in him, provided he not roo early 
 air'd. 
 
 But whereas Mr. Markam^ in his W^-^j' /o^ct vaealthy 
 ^°.pag. 44. dire<^s, if your Horfe be very f^t to air 
 him before Sun rife, and after Sun-fet ^ and that the 
 j4uthor of the Gemleman*s Jockey, S°. pag. 14. fays, 
 that nothing is more wholfome than early and /^ff Air- 
 ings •, I think the contrary may be made out from 
 Experience. For in this Art, all things that any ways 
 hinder the ftrength and vigor of Nature^ are to be 
 avoided j now, that extreamity of Cold, and being 
 out early and late do fo, is evidently feen by Horfes 
 that rtm abroad all Winter, which however hardily 
 bred, and kept with the befl care and Fodder, yet 
 cannot by any means be -^^v^^'c'^^ to fo good cafe in 
 Winter zszn in different Palture will raife them to in 
 Summer. And this holding true of the NoBumal 
 Colds , muft needs be verified in feme proportionate 
 meafure of the Morning and E^'ening Diws , and 
 thatpicrcingCold which is obfer\'d to be more in- 
 tenfe at the opening and clofe of the Day , than any 
 
 part 
 
42 ^i^t 1$untmp\iotit. 
 
 part of the Night. Befidesthat, theX>fwand moiil 
 ^tmes do as much Injury to a Horfe, as the Iharpeft 
 Colds or Frofts : fince (as I have found by experience) 
 a Horfe any ways inclinable to Catarrhs, Rheums^ 
 or any other cold Diftempers, is apt to iiave the Hu- 
 mors augmented,and thedifeafe moft fenbfily increasd 
 by thefe early and Jate Airings. 
 
 But if he be not had forth to aire till the Shh 
 btrtjerj, ("as you mult caft to have him drefs'd, and 
 ready to lead forth againft that timej his fpirits wiii 
 becheard and comforted by that univerfal Comforter 
 otal! living Creatures ; and indeed all Horfes natural- 
 iy defire to enjoy the Sun's warmth.z^ you may obferve 
 by thofe Horfes which lie out all Night, who as foon as 
 the Sun IS rijen, will repair to thofe places where they 
 may have the moft benefit of his Beams, and by them 
 bempartJ'f//fx;'^f,omtne coldnefs of the foregoing 
 Night. And belides the benefit of the 5«»,the Air wiS 
 be lo mild and temperate, as it will rather i«t;^>omtf 
 than ^rcy upon his fpirits , and more tmreafe his 
 otrcngch than impair it 
 
 Neither, tho we dil^iHow of Early and Late airings, 
 rjeed we be at a Jofs to bring down our Horfes /^f,and 
 rrom being pirfivc, ^n^ too high \xi Flefh, to reduce 
 mm X.0 cleannefs, and a more moderate ftate of Bo- 
 dy: ^ For if you do but obferve this one Rule of 
 Keeping a /rf? Horfe fo much longer out at a time 
 both Morning and Evening, you will undoubtedly 
 ojtain your end by fuch long Airings joyn'd with 
 true found Heats, which you may cxpeft indeed, but 
 will never find from thofe that are Ihorter, how ear- 
 ly and lats foever : for this Method ioyn'd with good 
 feeding \s the heft Prefcription can be given in' this 
 cafe, and tis from x)r[^ length of vour Airings only,tIint 
 you mtift hope ro bring your Horfe toa pcrfefl Windy 
 an;1 true Courage. And therefore a Horfe that is 
 high in Flcjlj, is a fitter fubjcl; to imi on, than 
 
One that is low , becaufe he is better able to endurf 
 Labour , whereas the other muft of necelTity be U 
 favoured in training, to improve his Strength am 
 Flefli, tliathe is in danger (without he be under tht 
 care of a very Skilful keeper) of proving thick wind 
 ed for want oitrue Exercije in Training. 
 
 When you are returned from Airing, andaredif- 
 mounted , lead your Horfe on the Straw , which 
 ('as I told you before) fhould always lye before the 
 Stable door \ and there by Whiftling and Itirrint; 
 up the Litter under his Belly will provoke him to 
 Stale , which a little practice will bring him to, and 
 is advantagious for the Horfes Healthy and the keep- 
 ing of your Stable clean ; Then lead him into his 
 Sr4«/ fwhich ought likewife tobe well littered' and 
 having ty'd up his head to the empty KMh^^ take off 
 his Saddle, rubb his ^o^:/)' and Leggs all over with 
 the French-brafl) , then with the hair^atch^ and lait 
 of all with the Woolle?i eloath. 
 
 Then you fhall eloath him with a Limen doarh next 
 to his Body, and over that a Canvas death , and 
 both made fo fit as to cover his BreaH and to come 
 pretty low down to his Legs^ which is the Titrki^i 
 way of Cloathing, who are the moll curious Peo- 
 ple ffaiesthe Duxe of NewcaHle) in keeping their 
 Horfes, and efteem them the moll of any Nation. 
 Over the forementioncd put a Body-doath of fix, or 
 eight Straps which is better than a Sircingle and 
 Fad fliift with vfifps ^ becaufe this keeps his Btlly 
 in Shape, and is not fo lubjedt to hurt him. 
 
 Now thefe Cloathes will be fufficient for him at 
 his firll Stabling, becaufe being inur'd to the cool 
 Air he will not be fo apt to take eddy the weather 
 likewife at that feafon being indifferently waim^ 
 but when jl^arp weather approaches andth?.tyou 
 find his H.<iir nfe about his outward parts that are 
 
 un- 
 
44 '^^^ i^unting^i^otfe. 
 
 uncloathed, as Neckjy Gafcoins^ &c. then add ano- 
 ther Cloath, which ought tobeofW^<7(?/f;7,and fora- 
 ny Vioiithred under this C/Zw^r^, and kept only for 
 wdinary Hunting , this is cloathing fufficient. 
 
 Now the defign oi cloathinp is only by their help 
 joyn'd to the -warmth of the Stable^ and the Litter 
 (which niult alwaies lye under the Horfej to keep 
 his Body in fuch a moderate Natural Heat^ as fhall 
 be fufficient to affift Nature ^ that skjifd Phyfitian 
 in expelling her Enemies , by diifolving thole raw 
 snd grofs Humours which are fubjed to amoy the 
 Horfe, and which would very much prejudice him 
 if they were not removed ^ which vaarm cloathing 
 does in a great meafure by difperfng them into the 
 outward parts, and expelitag them by [weating as he 
 ileeps and lyes down, which will be a meanes to 
 purge his Body, and keep it clean from glnt^ and 
 rednndant Humours. 
 
 But yet (as in all things t\\z golden mean isbefi ) 
 there is a meane to be obferv'd too here : for as too 
 few Cloathes will not aflifl: Nature jujjicientli in the 
 cxpulfion of her Enemies^ fo too many wilj/i»rc^her 
 too muchy and caufe weaknefs in your Horie by too 
 violent fweatings. Therefore you mufl have a care 
 of following the Example offomef^«or^«f Grooms, 
 who becaufe they have acquired ^.falje Reputation 
 by living in fome Noblemans or Gentlemans Service , 
 that are noted Sportsmen , think they are able to 
 give Laws to all their Fraternity , and therefore with- 
 out any reafon heap Multiplicity of Cloaths on the 
 Horfe as if they meant to bury him in Woolen, You 
 muft know, that both. the frwpfr^fwrf of the Weather 
 and the ^tatc of his Body are to be obferved •, and that 
 2i\\ Horfes are not to be cloathed altke. Your fine- 
 Skined Horfes, as the Parb, liirJc^-, Spanifl} horfe &c, 
 require more clothes then our Engltfi) common 
 
 Hoi- 
 
Horfes, that are bred in a co/^er cUwate^ and have 
 naturally ^^/cJ^cr skin's, and a /o«^<?r Coat. But 
 that you may not erre I have told you already 
 how you are to cloath yourHorfe, aud therefore 
 ihall only add this one General Rule , That a 
 RoHgh Coat fliews want of Cioaths , and a Smooth 
 Coat Cloathing fiifficient .• ever obfcrving , that b/ 
 his Countenance , his Dmg^ and Other cuiKvard Cha- 
 racters ^^which I fhallby and by give, you more ac 
 large) you perceive your Horfe to to be in health, 
 and yet notwithftanding your Horfes Ceat fliU 
 fiares^ you niuft add more cloathes till it lye \ as 
 on the other hand if it will lye withe the allift- 
 of a fngle Linnen Cloath it is iufficient. 
 
 But if when he has been in kfj\>i'rig fome time, 
 you perceive him apt to fweat in the Night , 'tis; 
 a fign that he is over-fed^ and wants €xercifi\hvii 
 if he fweat at his fir^ comtng from Grafs^ you muff: 
 know that there is caule rather to encreafe^ than 
 i^mj^TZ' the Cloathes 1 have allotedat his firftHouf- 
 ing ^ for it proceeds from the fonl humonrs which 
 opprefs Nature, and when by exercife they are e^ja^ 
 cuated^ Nature will cea^e workings and he will con 
 tinue in a temperate flate of Body all the year af- 
 ter. 
 
 When he is cloath'^d up, fick^hh Feet cleane with 
 an Iron Picker J and wafh his Hoofs clean with a 
 Spitng dipt m fairwatet f and then dry them v/ith 
 Straw or a Linnen cloath^ and if there be occafmt 
 and that you find your Horfes Legs durty, you 
 may bathe them likewife, only you mull be fure 
 to ntb them dry before you go oat of your Stable, 
 then ie;!ve him on his S??^/'/? for an hour, or more, 
 which will aflift his Appetite. 
 
 When an Four is expired, you Ihall come to him 
 again, and having tick'd an ha;df..l oi Hay , and 
 
 diif^ed 
 
4^ €:]^e ^untfitg-'i^orte* 
 
 dufied it, you fhall let your Horfe teafe it out of your 
 hand till he hath eaten it j then pull o^ his Bridle^ 
 and having rub'd his Head and Neck dean , with 
 the Bemf en-cloth y as before, fnll his EareSy ^ndftop 
 his Noflrils to make him fmre^ which will help to 
 ^W»^ away the moift HumoHrs which opprefs his 
 Brain, and then put on his Coller, and give him a 
 Quarter of Oats clean drefi^ in a Sive, having firffc 
 made his Locker^ or Manner clean with a Wifpe 
 of Straw, and aC'oth. J 
 
 Whilft he is eating his Corfi, you fliall fweep out' 
 your Stable J and fee that all things are neat about 
 him, and turning up his Cloaths , you fhall rnb his 
 FilletSy BMtockjf and Gafcoins over with the ^^/r- 
 p^fc^, and after that with a Woolen-cloth \ then fpread 
 a clean Flannel Fillet-cloth ovet his f ///ff/ and But- 
 tacks ( which will make his Coat lye fmooth) and 
 turn down his Houftng-cloaths upon it. Then ^- 
 »<?]!wr his Hoofs round from the Cronet to the To^ 
 with this Ointment, viTL. 
 
 Take Four Ounces of Venice Turpentiney Three 
 Ounces of Bees vaaxy Two Ounces ot the bell Ro- 
 fm^ One pound of Dogs-greafey\{2\i 2iV\Vit of Train 
 Oyky Melt all thelc Ingredients (except the 7ur-' 
 pentine) together , being melted remove them from 
 the Fire, and then put in the Turpenttne^ and keep 
 \t ftirringy till all be well tncorporatedy then put it 
 in a Gaily pot y and when it is cold cover it clofe 
 from diifiy and refer ve it for tife. 
 
 After this pick^ his Feet with an Iron Vichxr^ andy?o/> 
 them with Covf-diwg-y and by this time your Horfe 
 (if he be not a very flow FecderJ will have eaten 
 his Oates, which if you find he does with a good 
 Stomack, lift him another Onart^ and throw them 
 
 to 
 
tofeedhim by little and little, whilit he eats withari 
 Appetite; but if he fumbles mt\\\\\s CorUy then give 
 him ncL more at that time. 
 
 And this I think a better Direction than to pre-' 
 fcribe ?ifet^iiami(yol Provender^ as ^\\ u^ut hors I h^VQ 
 yet met with have done.For without doubt no certain 
 Quantity of Meat can be allotted for all forts ofHorJes^ 
 any more than for ail forts of Men • and therefore 
 proportion the quantity to the Horfes Appetite ; 
 but be fure at all times give him \\\s full feedifjg^ for 
 that will keep his Body in better /^fi? and temper , and 
 increafe his firength and vigor. Whereas on the con- 
 trary, to keep your Horfe4/w^pJ7j^irp-/f/-, is the rea- 
 dy way to procure a Surfeit, if at any time he can 
 come at his fll of Provender ^ according to the com- 
 mon Proverb, Two hungry Medes make the third d 
 CUttton. But tho you perceive he gather FU[h too 
 faft upon fuch home-feeding-^ yct be lure not to flint 
 him for it, but only mcreafe his Labour, and that will 
 aflill both his Strength and Wind. 
 
 When thefe things are done, you fhall dujl a pret- 
 ty quantity of /y-^', and throw it down to him on his 
 Litter^ after you have taken "it up under him ^ and 
 then flmtting up the Windows and Stable door^ leave 
 him till One a Clock}n the Afternoon -, at which time 
 you fliall come to him, and having rubyd over his 
 Head, N'ccl^, Fillet.^, Buttockj^ and Legs, as before, 
 with the LJair-patch and IVooIlen-cloath, you fh^ll feed 
 him as before, and then leave him till the time of 
 his Evening watring, (which fliould be about three of 
 the clock hiHinter^ and four in Summery) and then 
 having put back his foul Litter, and fwept avvav that 
 and his Du?!g, you fliall drtfs ?.nd [addle him as before, 
 and momning him you fliall rah^n him to the water, and 
 
 D after 
 
48 Cifte i^untittg^iftotfe* 
 
 after drinking and galloping you (hall /??> him along by 
 the River fide ^ till you think it time to go home; then 
 order him in all point s^ as to rubbing, feeding, Hop- 
 ping his Feet, &c. as you did in the morning ^ and 
 h?L\in^ fed hirrnt fix a clockj) be fure/<?f^ him again 
 about Nine j and having litter d him well, and thrown 
 him Hay enough to ferve him for all Nighty you Ihall 
 leave him till the next Morning. And as you have 
 fpent this day, fo you muft order him in all reffe^s for 
 <i fortnight together, and by that time his Pleflj will 
 be (6 hardened, and hisWindib imfrov'd'^ his Mouth 
 will be fo cjuick^nd^ and his Gallop brought to (ogood 
 Sifrokjs, that he will befit to be put to moderate 
 hunting. 
 
 Now during this Fortnights keeping you are to 
 ti\2ikt^QVtx^\ Ohfervations, ?iSlOl\\Q Nature and Dif- 
 fo fit ion of your Horfe, the temper of his Body^ the 
 courfe of his Digeftion^ &c. and order him accor- 
 dingly. As firft:^ if he be of a chnrlijh Difpofition, 
 you mull reclaim him by Severity \ if of a loving 
 temper, you muft xmin him by Kindness. Secondly^ 
 you muftobferve whether he he afoul Feeder, or of a 
 nice Stomach ; if he be ^«<ci^ nt his Meat, and retain a 
 goodStomsLchftlKufour times of full Feedings in a 
 JDay and 2L Nights fpace, is fujf dent % but if he be a 
 fender Feeder , andfow at his /^/<?^f, then you muft 
 give but a little at once, and often^ as about every 
 two hours, {orfrejl} Meat will drav/ on his appetite j 
 and you muft always leave a little Meat in his Locker 
 for him to eat at his own leifdre betwixt the times of 
 his Feeding ; and when at any time you find any 
 /f/>,you fhall^'ivrfpit away^ and give h\m frcflj^ and 
 expofe that to the Stin and j4ir , which will prevent 
 mnftinefs and reduce it to its firft fwectncfs, before it 
 was hlown upon. 
 
 Now 
 
fiow^S to the mamero^Feediff^^ you may piarpen 
 Ills Stomach hy change oi lAQ^ty as giving one Meal 
 cleanOats^2Xiothc}[ Oats and ^lit^Beam, and (when 
 you have brought him to eat Bread) you may give 
 him another meal o^ Bread y always obferving to 
 give him oftemfi that which he likes ^f/?. or ifyoii 
 pleafe you may give him both Com and Bread at the 
 fame tif.:e^ provided you give him that lafi which he 
 eats ^^i7, and which has the beft Digeftion. 
 
 Tis obferv'd of fome Horfcs, that they are of fo 
 hot a Conftitutidfj, that without they may drink at 
 every hit they cannot eat^ and thofe Horfes ufually 
 c^uy wBelly^ iii this cafe therefore you muft Jeta 
 Pale of Water ftand continually before them, or at 
 leaft offer them Water at Noon, befides what they, 
 fetch abroad at their ordinary times. 
 
 Next you are to obferve the nature of his Bigeflion, 
 that is, whether he retains his Food long, which is 
 the ITgn of a bad Digeftion ; or whether Nature does 
 expel the Dung move frequently, which if he do, and 
 that his Dung be loofe and bright, tis a fign of a good 
 habit of Body -, but if he dung W^, zud feldom, thea 
 on the contrary tis a fign of a dry Body^ and therefore 
 to rm^^;^ this, youfliall once in a day give him a 
 handful or two of OatSy well wafij'd in good firong 
 j^le^fot this will loofen his Body, and keep it moiii, and 
 you will find it alfo good for his Wind, notwithftand- 
 the opinion of fome to the contrary. 
 
 D s CHAP. 
 
50 €Ji^e K^unting'i^orfe^ 
 
 
 Of the Second Fortnights D'teti and of 
 ■his fitji Hutittng^ ^nd tphaf Chafes 
 are rfioU proper to Train him. 
 
 ^ Ythat time you Kivcfpef^ttKis fortnight ^ccor-d' 
 J ing to the foregoing -S/f/f J, your HqnTe.will be 
 in a Tpictty good ftate of Body ^ for the giokHnmors 
 will be clryd in his Body, and his Flefh.mil begin to 
 h& harden d^ Which yOu wilf perceive (as I told you 
 at firll) by his Chatd^ his fhort jf^ibs^ an J his Flanh^-^ 
 for the Kernels under his Chaps will not feel fo grofs?s 
 at firft they did, his fiejl) on his lliort Ribs will not feel ■ 
 foy^/T- and /(?op, nor the.f/;/w part of his Fiank^^o thick. 
 as at his firfi houfing j fo that now you may without 
 hazard zdvQntuve to hnm him moderately. ^ 
 
 But before I proceed, I think it necellary to clear 
 onepwwf, which I have heard much ^^yc«/;'<5/ amonglt 
 Horfemen^ which is, What fort of Chafe is mplt pro- 
 per for the training of a yoK?7g Horfe ? fome being 
 of o?7e Opinion,fome of another. For fome would have 
 a Horfe, which is de/ign d either for a Buckzhunter or 
 Fox-himter , us'd from the beginning to the Chafe 
 which they are defgn'd for. Others think thofe Cha- 
 fcs too violent for a yomig Horfe, and therefore chufc 
 to train him after Harriers •, and of this Opinion I 
 mult own my felf to be, fince Experience has fnlly 
 ^Jcwn me the advantages of the one, and the Jncon- 
 
 venicmes 
 
'^emenc'esof the other. Now t6 T^rO^^e^thh jlfirpok. 
 let lis tak[e';^\fligh£ vi^Wof the JeverM , Chares, whi^-a 
 are c^mm'otily uted by 'dur Nobility mdCmry, where 
 the. HofrTe.i^, made a .Companion] and' Member of the 
 5»i?rrj arid they ard'*ii!hqe''i the 5?W-, Buck/l^ihii^ 
 
 • > As For. tlie if/;rep ,W her^'hienilon^^^^ ^' ^tjefeis iiot: 
 niiich^^^^fre^ceintlie huti^ing of ■& fo ih^Jnco'^ 
 'y£'«m;(7«fj frOtti'ea^h'<Snaic;'Vre in'a manher Ihejame 
 alfo. Foe which foeveryou l?«^f,t;is.,eit^exj,n Qvert, 
 or at. force: NOW, iF^^riVhiihtea tin ai'^r/<,, they 
 
 TJfually q'hufe .the.moit wflf,4' P^'^'^s !pf ,^tj ?? .^ ^rf^^gi? 
 from the purfuit's of^. their EneAii'es'^. which is botj| 
 iiuple^.fai/tXo' t\iQ Rider'y Tlhd troublefometo the Hoxjf^ 
 to fo/lew the Dogs thtci thef/7/ci^5«]/j^j ^ and befiqes^ 
 ufualiy .the Ground iq P^ri^f is full of Molebah\s^ 
 7/<?«cLjy'&c. which is dan^erons. for a young Horfe 
 to gallop on^ till he has attain'd to fome perfe^ion ia 
 his Stray, But if they be tnrnd out of the Park, and 
 be hunted ^r/o>:c<?, you w'lll find, that asfoon as you 
 have mhar^oHr'd. ot roHs"dthex^y they will immedi^ 
 ately niaijc out end ways, before the Hounds jzt;^ or /Zv, 
 nay fometimes ten Miles, they following in full Cry 
 fofwiftly', that a Hoife mull be compell'd to run 
 up and' doyfn hill without any in'termifion ^ leaping 
 Hcdg, Ditch, and Dale, nay ofcen .crojfin^ River s^ick 
 the great danger of the Rider, ^s well as of the Horfe, 
 So that in my opinion tis altogether improper to put 
 ayoungHovk to fuch i/'/W^wf^ Jabour at the firft, till 
 by/7r4i5//ce.and degrees he hs^th been made acquainted 
 With hardfervice. 
 
 Now he{ide^' the fwi ft fiefs and violence of this 
 Chafe, and the danger o( cracking Iijs Wind^ and W/?- 
 inghhB.elly\ befidcs the i^^-^mwi^ ot his Limbs by 
 fuch defperate Riding, and the creating in a young 
 Horfe a loathfomnefs to his Labour, by undergoing 
 
 fuch 
 
5 2 €iit l^uttttn5=^l^otfc* 
 
 fuch violent and nnufual fervice ^ the feafons for thefe 
 Chafes beg'ming about, Midjammery and endi^ig about 
 ^Holy-Rood-tide ^ which is that part of . the ryear la 
 .Itvhich the Sun s heat is cxcefjivey and fo Icorcties the 
 Earth, that a violent Gbafe would hazard the itielting 
 his Greaje:zx\dil\\Q weight of the Rider, by. reaib.n of 
 the hardnefs of the Ground,wouId oQCcSio^a^jFoHndring, 
 Solents, and WindgalUy infomuch that in jijort time 
 the Korfe would prove 2i\to^^ t0efi^^ ^v^^^^:. 
 
 .■■•>-■•-•-, ^ -' \ 
 f But here I cannot but d^'firer to ^)e rightly mdcr- 
 
 l^ood^iinceiholobje^ agalril! t;hele Chafes ^simpro- 
 
 pr ior young Horksy yet I dp' not mean that Horfes 
 
 fiiould be excluded this Recreation \ but. I would have 
 
 thofe which are imploy'd herein, to be 'Horfes of 
 
 fiay^dyearsy and by long praulice and experience have 
 
 been rightly trai^'d to Hunting. " Young Horfes 
 
 ''rastheZ)^^ofiVfW?-c^y?/g fays) being as fubjedt to 
 
 ^Dileafesas^'o/i!'?/^ Children,' d^nd therefore he advifes 
 
 * any man that would buy a Horfe for uje in his ordi- 
 
 * nary occallons, as for ^ottmeys, Havekin^ ox Hnming, 
 
 * never to buy a Horfe untijl the Mar\ he pHfofhis 
 
 * Mouthy and if he he found of Wind,Limb,an(:l Sight, 
 *he will laft you Eight or Nine years with good. 
 
 * keeping, and never fail you j and therefore (pur- 
 ^'fues hej I am always ready to buy tor fuch purpo- 
 
 * fes an old Nag, of feme Hmtfman, or Falconer, that 
 ' is found, and that is the ufeful Nag , for he gal- 
 '' lops on all GrcHnds, leafs over Hedges and Ditches j 
 *and this will not /^/Z you in your Journey, nor any 
 
 * where, and is the only Nag of ufe for Pleafure or 
 Journey Thus far the Dnkc. And if it maybe 
 permitted to add to his Advice, I would have them 
 firait-bvdied dean-titnbred Nags, fuch as may he light, 
 nimble, iXil of middle ilature, for thofe Horfes are not 
 near lo/ub^edl to Lamnefs as thofe of bull^ and 
 
 ftrengthy 
 
flrength, the caules whereof have been already cle- 
 clar'd. 
 
 The next Chafe propos'd was that of the Fox, 
 which although it be a Recreation much in ufcy and 
 highly applauded by the generality of the Nobility and 
 Gentry^ yet with fubmUIion to their judgment I ne- 
 ver could find that pleafare in it which has been re. 
 prefented to me by fome oi its Admiren : and Tarn 
 fure it is inconvenient for the training of a young Horle, 
 fince It is /«;//> without refpite, aud of Z^??;^ continu- 
 ance, both which, as 1 have already fliewM, are dif- 
 taitful to himii but the greatelt Inconveyiience that 
 happens to a Horfe in this Chafe is this \ that when 
 a Fox is ftnkennel'di he feldomor never betakes him- 
 felf to a champion Countrey , but remains in the 
 ftrongeft Coverts^ and in the thickeft Woods ^ fo that 
 a Horfe can but feldom enjoy the pleafure o^accompa- 
 nying the //(3w;<a!j, without hazarding hQingf^iihb'd^ or 
 other as dangerous Accidents. The fitteft Horfes for 
 this Chafe arc Horfes of great firength and ability, 
 flnce this Chafe begins at Chrifimof, which is the 
 . worji- time of Riding, and ends at our Lady-day^ v;hen 
 the Ground is beft for it. 
 
 The next Chafe to be fpoken of is the Otters^vjhich 
 although it may feem delightful to fome, yet I can- 
 not by any means think ic convenient for a Horfe : 
 for he that will truly purfue this Jwphibiotiri fport, 
 mufl: often fmmhis Horfe to the equal hazard both of 
 the^/Wfrand the Horfe. 
 
 But to conclude with the lafl:, and the befi^ of Cha- 
 fes, and that is the Hare. It is in my opinion the 
 mofl: pleafant and delightful Chafe of any whatfoever, 
 and the moft beneficial for training a ymng Horle. It 
 
 D 4 , h 
 
5 4 €:§e l^ttnting'liotfe. 
 
 ^s/w;»/f, andoffome ?W«r^^cf, like that oftheF^A*, 
 but far more f leaf ant to the Horfe, becaufe //<«rf^ 
 comraonlsTun the ChamponCoviWtv^ -^ and the fcem 
 not being fo /jcf as the Foxes, the Dogs are oftner at 
 default^ and by that means the Horfe has many 
 Sobbsy whereby he recovers Wind, and regains new 
 flrength. This Chafe begins at Michaelmafs, and 
 la^s till the End of February^ 
 
 Now the ^f/Do^^, to bring your Horfe to perfe- 
 clion of Wind and Speed, are ycur fleet Northern 
 Hounds;, for they, by means of their /j^;-<s{-r;i!«w«^, 
 will draw him up to that extraordinary jpeed^ that 
 he will not have time to /<??>fy, and by continual pra- 
 d:icewi!l be fo inurd Mnd hahitit'^ted to the violence 
 of their Speed, that in a fnort time he will be able to 
 ride on all forts of Ground^ and be at fuch command 
 upon the ha7id, that he will firike at what rate you 
 pleafe, and three-' quarters freed will be lefs troubk- 
 fcme to him than a CanterbMry-gallop. 
 
 I have often thought this one of the Reafons why 
 your Nortbcrri Breeders for the generality excel thofe 
 of the South ; fince certainly the fpeed of their 
 Hornds coiitributes much to the Excellence of their 
 ' Hcrfes^ nnd makes them endure a four mile Courfe 
 withovtt Scbhs , which fome Horfemcn call Whole- 
 Running : but of this more in another place. 
 
 The time be!ng now come that he may be hunted^ 
 you iliaii order him on liis days of Refi in all points^ 
 as to his Drcjfrng , hours of teedin^ , Watrwg^ 6:c. 
 as in the firfl- Fortnight afore dircc1:cd ^ only fncc 
 his Lahui.r is now to be increas'd, you mufl endeavour 
 to incn.afc his Strength and Courage likewife ; and 
 this willbe efecledhj adding to \\\s^Oats a third part 
 
 of 
 
of dean oM Beans fpejf ed on a Mill, nnd as an over- 
 plus to allow him Bread made after this manner* 
 
 Take fotir Pecks of clean old Beans^ and two Pecks 
 of Wheats zrydigri?id them together, znd fft the meal 
 thro a Meal-lieveof £iu indifferent finenefs, and k»ead 
 it with rvarm water and good ftore of Barm^ and let 
 it lie an hour or more to fwell^ for by that means the 
 Bread will be the lighter^ and have the eafler and 
 qvXckzx Digeflion \ after which being with a Brake 
 or any other way exceedingly well-kneaded ^ make 
 it up into great Houfhold Peck-loaves^ which will be 
 a means to avoid Crufi^ and prevent its drying too 
 fbon ^ bake them tboroHghly,T[nd let them Ha-^d a good 
 while in the Oven to foke, then draw them, and turn- 
 ing the bottoms upwards let them ftand to cool. 
 
 When your Bread is a day old ^ou may venture to 
 feed your Horfe v;ith it, having firflck/j? away the 
 Critfi- and fometimes giving him ^r^^i, fometimes 
 Oats, and now and then Oats and [pelted Beans^ ac- 
 cording as you find his ftomach •, you need not fear 
 but iuch Feeding will bring him into as good condition 
 as you need delire for Ordinary Hunting. 
 
 When your Bread is prep^^r'd, and you firfl Fort- 
 mght expir'd,"you mufl: then pitch upon a Day for 
 his firi]: going abroad after the JDogs^ and the Day 
 before you hunt you muft always order /;/»y after this 
 manner^ In the morning proceed in your iifual 
 method as before, only cbfervc that day to give him 
 no Beans, becaufe they are hard of digeftion, but 
 give moft of Bread if you can draw him on to eat 
 it, becaufe it is more noHri^nng th^n Oats'^ and 
 after your Evening Watering , which ought to 
 be fomcwhat earlier than 7X other times, give 
 him onely a little Hay out of your hand, and no 
 
 more 
 
5^ Cl&e J^unting^^rfe. 
 
 more till the next day that he retHrm from Humimr 
 and to prevent his .^^.>^ his Litter, or any thing elfe 
 but what you give him, ycu fhall inftead of a Mizxlt 
 putonaC^z/f^c;«^joyn'd to a headfiaU of a Bridle, 
 being lind with double Leather for fear of WrJ 
 bim,arid tying it fofiraight^s to hinder his EatiJ: 
 and this will prevent Skknefs in your Horfe, which i 
 incident to lome Horfes when their Mizzle is 
 let on , notwithflanding the invention of the 
 Latttce-wmdow, now adays fo much in ufe i but this 
 way your Horfes iV./n7. are fully at liberty, and he 
 will never prove /T.^ But as to hi. Corn, give him 
 his ;we^/,, both after his Watering, and at nine a clock, 
 at Which time befure to litter him very well, that he 
 
 may the better tai^e his Re(l, and leave him for thae 
 Nighty 
 
 The next morning come to him very ^^>-/y, as about 
 >«r a clock, and having drefs'd a Quarter of a Peck 
 ot O^fi very clean, put them into his Lochr, and 
 pour into It a ^«^r^ of good ftrong Ale, and after 
 Heaving m^ArV the Oats and Ale verv well give him 
 themtoeat,whi]flyouput back his Z)//;2(r and foul 
 X/^^^r, and make c/^^« his Stable, but if he will not 
 cat vr^/, ^ Oats then give him dry, but be fure put 
 noB^^«,tothem. When he has done eating. Bridle 
 Ilim, and t:e him up to the Rinf, and drefi him. 
 When he is drefs dfaddle him ; then throw his Cloth 
 over him, and let himfl.ind till the Honnds are ready 
 t^ go forth. But befure not to draw your Saddle 
 G»rths ftraight till you are ready to momt, left by 
 that means he become /7c^. But generally ./^ Horfes 
 !irelo crafty, that when an ignorant Groom goes to 
 l^rj- them up W^, they will /?m/; out their Bodies to 
 fuch a bignefs by holding their Wind, (on purpofe to 
 gain <r^/^ after they are girt) that twill appear diffi- 
 cult toj^/rf them ^ but afterwards they let go their 
 m»dy and their Bodies fa 1 again. Whei^ 
 
When the Hut^nds are mkennell'd^ f which fliould 
 not be till Sun-rifing) go into the field along with 
 them,. and r^i^^ your Horfe up and down ^^«f/y till a 
 lka/eiK%vdi, always obfetving to let him fmeU 
 to other "Aortas Dung, fif he be dellrous of it j which 
 will' provoke him to empy himfelf, and let him ftand 
 /?/// when he does fo: and if you meet with any dead 
 Fog, KH?oes, or fuch like, ride him upon them, and 
 by vfhiftling provoke him to empy his Bladder, 
 
 When the Hare is flarted, you are not to follow 
 the Ht^^w^f as the other Hunters do , but t) conh- 
 der, that this being t\\tSirft time of your Horfes hum- 
 ing, he is not fo well vets'd in the different forts of 
 Cromds as to know how K.o gallop fmoothly, and with 
 ea^e on them •, and theretore you are not to put him 
 as yet to above Wf his /p^f^, that he may learn to 
 cany ^fiaid body, and to mannagehis Legs both up- 
 on f^/^m, and Grccnfwarth. Neither are you to 
 gallop him often, nor any /ow^ time together, for fear 
 of difconraging him, and breeding in him a difuke to 
 this Exercife ; but obferving to crofs the Fields ftill 
 to your belt advantage, you (hall mahj in to the 
 Hounds at every default, and ftill keep your Horfe^as 
 much as thefe Rules will allow youj within the Cry 
 of the Bogs, that he may be us'd to their Cry ; and 
 you will find, that in a very fhort time he will take 
 fuch delight and pleafure in their Mufck, that he will 
 be deilrous to follow them more eagerly. 
 
 Now if at any time the Chafe be lead over any Car- 
 tet ground, or fandyHigh-w^y, on which your Horfe 
 may lay out his hody fmoothly, you may there gallcp 
 him for a ejuarter or halfz wile, to teach him to /^v 
 0Ht his Body, and to gather up his Legs^ to enlarge and 
 fhort en his 5/r#iL^| according to the different Earths he 
 ^ gallops 
 
58 . /JCiie funtins^i^orfe. 
 
 gallops on, as if on Green-fwa-ah^Meadow, Mooro 
 Heath^&c. then to //Wp,and run more on the Shonlderr^ 
 if amongft Mole-hills , or over high ridges and fur- 
 TQwsy then to gallop more roundly^ and in lefs com' 
 pafjj or according to the vulgar phrafe tm up and 
 two down, that thereby he may /?r/^e his Furrovv 
 clear, and avoid fetting his Fore-feet in tliQ Bottom 
 of it, and by that me^ns fall over ; But by this way 
 ofgai{oping,tho he fliould happen to fet his Feet in a 
 furrow , yet carrying his body fo romd and rejting on 
 the Hand in his gaIlop,would prevent his Falling ; and 
 to this /)fr/<?^/6);^ nothing but «p, andfuch moderate 
 Exercife can bring him. 
 According to thefe Rules you may fpend yourTime 
 in Hunting., till ^hovitthreez'Clockjn the After- 
 noon, at which time you fliall have him homsln a 
 /oofp^cc as yoii. came out. in itie' Morning., and be- 
 fure that he be coo/ before yciu' bring him out of 
 the Field; and as you are. going home, confidec 
 with yourfelf, whether or no he hnh fw eat' ^ lit- 
 tle^ (for you mult not fweat him fnach the firll time^) 
 but if not, then gallop him gently on fome'5^^p«^ 
 Earthy till he fweat at the 2?oof j of his Ears, 2. little 
 on his Necl^^ i an4 in hls.F'laywli, but it mult be 
 done of his own voluntary motion, vfhUout'thQCoxu- 
 pulfiion of whip md 5pr: and then whea he. is cool 
 as aforefaid , have him ho?7}e and Stable him ., and 
 befure avoid walking him in hand to cool him, for 
 fear he cool too fafl , or wafljing him, for fear of 
 caufing an obfii-nHion of the natural courfe of tlx; 
 Humours, ('which are thought by fome Horfe-men 
 to abound moft in Winter ) and by that means caufc 
 an inflamation in his LcgSj which is the Parent of 
 the Scratches. .v!^/.'' 
 
 When you fa him up in his Staul (which muft 
 \fit. well litter d jlgainfthis coming home) tye up his 
 
 t'ead 
 
^ead to the Ring with the Bridle, and then rub 
 him well with dry Straw all over both Head, Neckj, 
 Fpre-hfiWels ^ BeHy, FUnk^^ Buttocks and Zf^j^and 
 afterwards rub his Body over with a dry cloth till 
 there be. not a wet hair left about him, then take 
 ofh'is Saddle and rub the place where the Saddle 
 ftood dry likewife , and fo cloath him with his or- 
 dinary Cloaths with all sfeed, for fear lead he take 
 cold ^ and if you think him too hot throw a If are 
 doAth Qvtv him, to prevent his coelmg too /vz/?, 
 which you may dbate when you pleafe, and lo let 
 him ftand on his Snajfle Two Hours or more^ fiirring 
 hini with .your Whif now and then in his Staul, to 
 to keep his Zf^^and Jc/^'w^i from growing /?//". 
 /-When that:time is expired, and you think it may 
 be throughout cold, then come to him , and having 
 drawn his Bridle rubbed his Heady and pcl^d his Feet 
 from Durtand Gravel which he may have gather'd 
 abroad,put on his C oiler, and fi ft him a Quart,of three 
 Pints of Oates^ and mix with them a handful of clean 
 duG-Qd Hempfeed, and give them to him-, but give 
 him not above the (Quantity prefcjibed, for fear of 
 taking away his slomack, which will be very much 
 weakned through the heat of his body, and wa-nt of 
 vaater. Then remove the (pare-cloth (if you have not 
 done it before,) for fear of keeping him hot too long, 
 and when he has eaten hisComy throw a pretty quan- 
 tity of Hay clean dufted, on his Litter , and let him 
 refi two or three Hours, or there abouts, 
 
 Whilelt you are abfent from him, you fhall pre- 
 pare him a good Jl^faflj^ made of half a Peck ot Mault 
 well ground, andwater that is boiling //of , obferving 
 to put no moxc Water than \our Mault ViWlfwccten, 
 and your Horfe\'^\]\dri?ik.^ and then fiir them toge- 
 ther vvith aRuddir, Oi (}i<h^ and then cover it over 
 vyith cloths, till tlievy'jitci has extracted xh^firoigth 
 
 ' of 
 
ofthe^f4/^ which will be evident to 5 our tajlemd 
 touch, for twill be almoft as/w^ff as Homy, and feel 
 rovy like Birdlime, then when it is cold, that you 
 can fcarce perceive it to /m.^i^offer it to your Horfe, 
 but not^.r., left they?^^«^ aicend mto hi^ Nofinls, 
 and thereby offend him with its fcenr and when he 
 has drunk the watery let him if he pieafe eat the Malt 
 alfo. Butifherefufeto dri»k, yet you mult give 
 him no other w^fer that night, but by placing it m 
 one Corner at the ^.^^of his Stall, m luch manner 
 that he may not throw it down, (which you may ef- 
 fed by nailing a Spar acrois1>°fore the Bncket) let it 
 ftand by him all Night, that he may drink at his plea- 
 
 "'^Now you will find this ;i/^^, or fas fome call it) 
 JJorfe-CaHdle, very beneficial to your Horfe on feyeral 
 Accounts 1 for it will comfort his Smw^c/;, and keep 
 his Body in a due temperate heat after his days Hunt- 
 ine; it will cleanfe and bring aveay all manner of 
 Cr.kandgrofs hHmGnrs,yN\Mc\v have bem dtfolved 
 by this Days labour, and the/«;/»^ of the Mdt-graxm, 
 after he has drunk the water, will diii^eY\e watry Hu- ■ 
 mours, which might otherwife anmy his head, and is-' 
 allow'dbyall Horfementobe very advmtageomoXi 
 that account. 
 
 When he has eaten his M4h thcny?n> him of his 
 Clothes, and run him over with your QHrrycomh, 
 trench Bruflj, Hair Patch, ^nd Wollen Cloath, and 
 clothe him up again, and then cleanfe his Legs as 
 well as his Body of all Dirt and Vilth which may an- 
 noy them, as you have been direded in Dreffing ; 
 then remove him into another Stall ( that you may 
 notwfthis/./wr)andW/;5 his Legs all over from 
 the iC;?..^ with warm Beef-broth, or, which isbetter, 
 with aquartofwarm t;r/«^, in which four Ounces 
 
n Salt'^eter hath been diflblv'd ^ then rub his Legi 
 try as when you came in from Water^ iet him into 
 is Stall, and give him a good Home-feeding of OatSy 
 [•r Bready (which he likes heft) or both, and having 
 book good ftore of Litter under him, that he may 
 left the better, and thrown him Hay enough for all 
 light on it, fhut up your Stable dole, and leave him 
 o his ReB till morning. 
 
 The next morning come to him betwixt fix and fe- 
 ^n Siclockj^ for that is time enough, becaufe the Mor^ 
 ^ings reft is as pleafant aud refrelhing to the Horfe as 
 t is to a Man, for then the mtat being concoded the 
 hep is more fweet, and the brain is at that time more 
 hin and pure. If he be laid difturb him not, but 
 tay till he rifes of his own accord, (aud to know this 
 /ou ought to have a private peep hole) but if he be 
 ifen^ then go to him, and the firft thing you muft do 
 s to put back his Dfing from his Litter, and to ob- 
 erve what Colour it is of: obferve whether it be 
 ^jeajiey^ndjhining OHtwardly, and ^r^^i^itwith your 
 ^eet, that you may fee whether it be fo inwardly -, for 
 f it be greafie aiid foul either within or without, 
 which you may knovv by its outward P:ining, and by 
 ^pots like Soap, which will appear within) or if it ap- 
 pear of a <a/^r^^row« colour, and harder thcin It was, 
 it is a fign that your former days hunting was benefi- 
 cial to him, bv difohing part of the inward glue 
 tvhich was within him •, and therefore the next time 
 you hunt you muft increase his labour but a little» Buc 
 if you perceive no fuch Symptoms, but that his T^ung 
 appears bright, and rather foft than hard, without 
 ^reaje^ and in a word that it holds the hmtpaleyellovf 
 colour it did before you hunted him, then tis a figii 
 that days Hunting made no difolution, but that his 
 ^<7^y remains in the i'smcflate Itill, and therefore the 
 laext days Hunting you may almoft deuhle his Labour » 
 
 Whei; 
 
6 2 Ci&e ^utttm^'i&or k. 
 
 When you have made theic Remarks from hk 
 Dmgy you fhall then proceed to order him as in his 
 days oi Reft-, thatis to fay, you Ihall give him a 
 handful or two of O^rj before Water ^ then drefs^ wa^ 
 ter^ air,feed^ cfC. as in the firfir Fortnight, 
 
 Now as to his Feeding you muft remember the 
 way I have already /J^w'^, of c^^«^i«g- his Food ^ as 
 giving him one while Bread^ another Oati., a third 
 timeO^fj and Beans^ wliich you find hs likes bell 5 ob- 
 ferving always, l\\2.l variety WiW jharpen\\\s Jppetite. 
 But Bread being his chief Food, as being more mu- 
 rifljing and y?ro«^ than the others, you muft feed him 
 oftenyh with it. 
 
 And as in the firft Fortnight I direded you to ob- 
 ferve his Digefiton^ whether it were c^uick^ov (loWy lb 
 likewife muft you do now that he begins to eat Bread. 
 If you find him quickly and that he retains his Bread 
 hum little while^ then fas I have already directed; 
 you Ihall only pghtly chip your Bread -^ but if he be 
 jloW) and retains it long^ cut away all the Crafi, and 
 give it to fome other Horfe, and feed your Hunter 
 only with the Crnm ^ for that being light of Dige- 
 ftion foon converts to Chyle and Excrements, but the 
 Cnifi being y?(?vv of Digeftion req.uires by reafon ot its 
 hardnefs longer: time before it be conceded. 
 
 The next day after he has refted, you fiiall hunt him 
 again as you did the firfi day, obferving from the 
 Remarks you have made, to hunt him more or lefs, ac- 
 cording as you find the temper and conftitution of your 
 Horfe ^ and when you are return d home, obferve to 
 put in Pratllice the fame Rules which you have juft 
 ngw read ^ and thus hunt your Horfe three times a 
 rveek^or ^fortnight together, obferving to give him 
 his full feeding J and no other Scowrings but Mafics, 
 and Hempfeedy which is c^j:ud in its Vertue to the for- 
 mer^ 
 
*>^, and only carries off fuperfiuoHs HnmoHrs in the 
 
 And here before I conclude this Chatter. I can- 
 not but take notice of the ^hufe of Scownafs^ and 
 tiiy own Ignorance^ being led away by the perjxvafwm 
 and my miltaken opinion of other mens SkjU^ who 
 becaufe they could talk of giving a Scowring, (tho 
 Experience has lince taught me, that they never 
 k^ew tht Operation of them, nay nor the DiSiofniono^ 
 thtHorfesvth\c\x they kept; I thought moft emi- 
 nent and skilful Horfe-Do^ors. But indeed I found to 
 myCoft, that my Ignorance led me into the fame 
 fMfiake with thofc men, that take Phypck by way of 
 Prevention^ and by that means render their Bodies 
 more lyable to Dijeafes, their Pores being fo much 
 openedhy Phyfick,- In like manner I found that tho 
 I bought Horfes 0^ found and firong Conftitutions, vet 
 by following the falfe Rules and Pra^ices of Others I 
 quickly brought them to weak /7.i^//j of Body and 
 by continually ufing them to unnecelTary PhyficL, to 
 be tender, and apt to take Cold and Surfeits on everv 
 taall occafion: which taught me to know, that as 
 Kitchen Phyficl^is heR for n Man, (unlefs he lamuiih 
 Jndcr fome more than ordinary Vi(temper) fo nLral 
 ind true^A;;^ Feeding is belt for a Horfe^ it ftreneth- 
 iing his ConfittiHion, and keeping his Body in good 
 emper ^ for a Horfe that is fu/Lfed with good natural 
 Dietisnotfubjedto c^flivenefs-, and from hence I 
 nfer that a Horlc which is found, and in health, and 
 ifafirong Conltitution, needs little PhyfickmotQ than 
 50od wholfom meat, and his fi/i of it, provided vou 
 )rder him as he ought to be when he is come from 
 riunting. 
 
 But 35 Horfes no more than Men are free from Di^ 
 
^4 €l9t'^nnUm^ottt* \ 
 
 pmpersi but by reafon of ahnfes and mkind Mafterjj 
 are rather more UMe to them, (it being become a' 
 Proverb, Asmmy Difeafes as aHorfe)-, fo when at 
 any time thev haffen recourfe muft be had to Fhyfck^ 
 apd as it is good in its true ufe, fo I fhall m theM/c- 
 qmm part of my Difcourfe fet down when, and what 
 garner of Scouriiigs are nfeful, and how they are to 
 ^ga^plied With sQlI^^nd Safety, of which miti pro- 
 per place. ; 
 
 Of Z/;^ HorfesThird Fortnights Keepings 
 ^ ^;2^yjr5i thorough. 6>ej///2g. 
 
 BY this time yourHorfc will be dravm^o chatii 
 his Fkfl} will be fo ififearnd^ and his Wind fo «w- 
 pro't;-^, that he will be able to ride a Chafe of three or 
 four Miles without much hlomng, oxfmanng ; and 
 you will find by his Chad and FUn^, as well as his 
 Jiibs, that he is in an indifferent ^06;^y?^f^ofbody,an(l 
 therefore thiswf^t Fortnight you muft tncreaje his 
 labour, by which means vou will come to a true ki^ow- 
 led^e of what he is able to do, and whether or fio he 
 Will ever be fit for Plates, or a A^fatch. 
 
 When your Horfe is /ff overnight, and />^ early 
 in the morning, ('as in the /# Fortnights Prepara- 
 tion for Hunting was direded; then go into the 
 Field with him, and when your Horfe is e?vpty, as ne 
 will be by that time you h^v^prted your Came, you 
 milfoMow tht DogsatagcoclH/.W ?Atc,ss2thaij. 
 
fpeed^ and io continue till you have kjli'd or iofi, 
 your firft Hare. This will fo rack^ your Horfes 
 wind , and by this time he will have fo emptied- 
 himfelf, that he will be fit to be rid the next C^^/e- 
 briskly^ which as foon as begun you Ihall follow 
 the Dogs at three quarters fpeed , as near to them 
 as is confiftent with the difcretion of a good Horfe-- 
 mAn^ and a true Huntsman j but be fure as yet noc 
 to jlrain him. 
 
 During this daies Riding you Ihall obferve your 
 Horfe's jweat , under his Saddle^ and Forebowels^ if 
 it appear white like Froth , or Soap-fudds, 'tis a 
 fign of inward glut and foulnefs , and that your 
 daies fport was fully fufficient , and therefore you 
 Ihall have him home , and order him as before you 
 are direded. But if your Sport has been fo ir- 
 difitrent , as not to fweat your Horfe thorough- 
 ly , then you fliall make a Train- fent of Four 
 Miles long, or thereabout , and laying on your 
 fleetefl Dogs ^ ride it briskly-, 2LX\d then having firft 
 cooCd him 111 the Fields ridehim /jowf and ufe hinj 
 as aforcfaid. 
 
 ■ Now that I may not leave you in ignorance 
 v^hat a Irain-jcent is , I ihall acquaint you that it 
 has its Name , as I fuppoie , from the manner of 
 n^viz.. the trailing ov dragging of n dead Cat-, or 
 Fi?.v, (and in cafe of NecelTity a Red-Herring) three 
 or four Miles, ^according lo the Will of the Ri- 
 der, or the Direflions given him) and then lay- 
 ing the Dcgs on I'ncfcent. 
 
 But this Caveat let me give a'l Huntfmen , to 
 to keep about two or three Coi^ple of the fleetejt 
 Hounds you can pofTibly procure for this purpofe 
 only. For although 1 have feen skillful 5porf/wf« ufq 
 their Harriers in this Cafe , for their divcrfion ; 
 
 E z yet 
 
^6 Cl^el^utttinfi'l&orfc. 
 
 yet I would perfwade them not to ufe thcra to 
 it often ^ for it will teach them to lie off the Line^ 
 and fltng lo widet that they will never be worth 
 any thing. 
 
 When you Mnbridle your Horfe, give him inftead 
 ofHempfeed and Oates, a handfome quantity of Rye 
 bread y (to which end I would advije you to bake 
 a Peck Loaf for this parpofe ) which being cold 
 and moiSi will atBlt in cooling his body after his 
 Labour, and prevent Cofiivenej's , to which you will 
 find him addicted, then give hira Hay , and after- 
 wards a Ma/h , and then order him in all points 
 as formerly. 
 
 The next morning if you perceive by his Dung 
 that his Body is di^empred, and he is hard and 
 bound ^ then take fome Crumms of your Rye-bread 
 and work it with as much fweet frefli Butter as 
 will make it into Pafte, and then making it into 
 Halls about the bignefs of a large Wallnttt) give him 
 5 or 6 of them in the morning /^//V/^j and then 
 letting on your Saddle upon his Cloth, mount himj 
 and gallop him gently in Ibme adjoyning grafs-Plat^ 
 or Clofe till he begin to fweat under his Eares, then 
 lead him into the Stable^ and let him be well rub'd, 
 and throwing a fpare Cloth over him, and good 
 ftore of frefh Litter under him, let him fi and two 
 hours on the Bridle , then give him a quantity of 
 Rye-bread, then throw him fome Hay to chew up- 
 on , and after that get him another warm Majh, 
 and then feed him with Hread and Com as much 
 as he wiil, and befure to allow him what Hay he 
 wlifeat. The ntxt dsy water him abroad^ and or- 
 der him as in hisdaies ofrcfi. 
 
 ~ The day following Htint fei'n again, ]but by no 
 
 means 
 
iflcanes fb feverely as you did the time before till 
 the Afternoon , but then ride him after the Dogs 
 briskly , and if that does not make him fweat throghly 
 make another Train-Jcent, and follow the Dogs three 
 quarters fpeed, that he may fweat heartily. When 
 you have a little cooled him , have him homey and 
 upon his firfl: entrance into the SM/'/e give him two 
 or three Balls as big as Wallnuts , of this moll ex- 
 cellent 5cowr/»g- ^ viz. 
 
 Take Bnt/er lour Ounces, Lenitive Ele^uary two 
 Ounces , Gromell Broom 2S\d Parfly feeds ^ of each one 
 Ounce, ^mfecdsy Li^Horiflj and Cream ofTartar^ of 
 each half an Ounce, yalUf an Ounce make the Seeds 
 into Powder^ and ftir them into a Pafle^ with the E- 
 kv^uary and the Butter ; knead it well , and keep it 
 clofe in a Pot for ufc. 
 
 Asfoon'asyou have given your Horfe thefe Balls 
 ruh him dry, then drefs him and cloath him up 
 waim andlethim ftand two or three hours on the 
 Snaffle J then give him two or three handfulls of 
 Rye-bready and order him as you did before as to Hay 
 Trovinder^ Mafi] &c. and fo leave him till the Mot' 
 ningt 
 
 Then come to him and firfl: obferve his Dung whe- 
 ther it keep the true Colour, or whether it appear 
 dark,y or bUch^y or red and high coloured j next 
 whether it be Icofe and thin^ or hard and dry. If it 
 be of the right colour 1 mean Pale yellow tis a fign of 
 healthy (Irength and eleannefs ; if it be darkly or blackly 
 then tis a fign there is Creafe and other ill himours 
 ftirred up which are not yet evacuated : if it be red 
 and high coloured , then tis a token that his Blood 
 is FeaveriJIj and diftempered through inward heat : 
 if it be loofe and thin , tis a fign of Weaknefs , but if 
 hard and dry , it Ihews the horfe to be hot inwardly , 
 or clfc that he h^ foul feeder : 3ut if his dung carr v a 
 
 meJi.- 
 
6S C]&c "^mxtim^otiz. 
 
 inediumhctWlXt hard znd [oft, and imdlftrong, tisS 
 ijgn of Health and Vigour. 
 
 When thefe Obfervations have been taken notice 
 of concerning his Dvng^ then you (hall feed^ drefsy 
 raater^&c^ as in his former days of ^t/?*, obferving 
 always to give variety^ and his belly full of Com and 
 £read* The next have him abroad in the Field again , 
 but by no means put him to any /^Wr, further than 
 10 rake him from hill to hill after the Dogs^ to keep 
 him within found of their Cry., for the defign of 
 Jthis DzfsExercife is on-ly to keep him in breathy and 
 get him an Jppetite. Obferve as you ride, that you 
 3et him fia^id ftill to du^g ; and look^ hack^ on it ^at 
 you may draw Inferences from the Faces. When the 
 Day is well nigh [pent bring him home without the 
 leall/vvY^f, and order him as at other times, only ob- 
 ferve to give no Sconrings^ nor Rye-bread. You may 
 if you pleafe water yom Hoife this day, both at your 
 going into the P/>/^ and at your coming Home., ob- 
 serving to galley after it, to vcarm the water in his 
 Belly. Th-c next is adny o^Rcfi, 
 
 In t\\t fame manner in every refpevft as you have 
 [pent this Weei^sou muiirpend the next likewife., with- 
 out alteration in any point i and by that time aflure 
 yourfelt rh?.t your Horfe will be drawn clean zx\o\.\^ 
 for any ordinary Hunting ; fo thnt afterward obferv- 
 ing to hum your Horfe moderately twice or thrice a 
 \vcck, according to your own /)/f^/;r^-f , and the coi:[fi- 
 Ti:t 1 on oi^oxw Horfes bodv, you need not qiieftion 
 but to have him in as good fiate and firength as you 
 would defire, without danger of his TF/W, Eye-fight, 
 Feet^OT I'cdy. 
 
 Now when you have thus according to art drawn 
 your Horfe c7f^/, you will perceive ihokfgns which 
 
 I 
 
I told you of, verified j for his Flejh on his fliort Ribs 
 and Buttocks will be as hardiis a Board, his FlankjwiW 
 be f/7/», and nothing to be/f/f but a double skiny and 
 chaps fo clean from Fat, Glnt or Kernels, that you 
 may Z?;*^^ your F/^j in them -, and above all his Ex- 
 ercife will give plain Demonftration of the Truth of 
 this Jrt, for he will run three or fonr Miles three 
 quarters fpeed without fweating, or fcarce blowing, 
 I fay when this is perfe&ed, you mult avoid all y£"<>/i!r- 
 ?«^j after hunting, (becaufe Nature has nothing to 
 work on) but Rye -bread and a Maflj, except your 
 Horfe be now and then troubled with fome little 
 Pcz^ in the Head •, and then you (haU bruife a little 
 Musiardjted in a fine linnen Rag, and Jlcep it in a 
 quart pf itrong Ale for three or four hours, and then 
 untying the Rag mix the Mnjlard-feed and the j^le 
 with a quarter of a Peck of 0^^^, and gi^'e it your 
 Horfe. 
 
 Laftly, when your Horfe is dravcn clean , you raufi: 
 beware that he ^r<jw^ not /o/// again thro want of ei- 
 ther Airing, OX Huntings or any other Negligence, left 
 by that means you procure to your felf and your 
 Horle dmible fains and labour, and no thanks from 
 your Mafier. 
 
 E 4. CHAP. 
 
70 Cl&e ^nntinz^otit. 
 
 CHAP. VII 
 
 of walking a Huntirtg-Match^ its adn/an" 
 tages and difadzf ant ages. 
 
 Since many Perfans of Horiour delight in good 
 Horles, both for Hmters as well as Gallopers^ it 
 may not be improper to (peak a word in this place 
 concerning the j^dvamages or Difudvantages which 
 happen in making of /:^/<«f/«^-^/«fc^f J ^ fince he that 
 proceeds cautioudy and upon truegtounds in match- 
 ing his Horfe is already in a great meafure fure of 
 gaining the Prize, at leaft if the Proverb be true, 
 that a Mutch well made is half won, 
 
 Tlie/r/ifthingtobeco«//^frVby him that defigns 
 to match his Horfe, for his own advantage and his 
 Horfes cr^^if, is this^ That lie do not flatter himfelf 
 in the opinion of his Horfe, h"^ fancying that he is 
 fwifter than the w«W, when he is but a flow Galloper ^ 
 and ihat he is vvi»o/f-n!w;«^, (that is, will run /<j«r 
 miles v\ ithout ^fobb at the height of his ffeed) v\hen he 
 is net able to run a mile. 
 
 And the ground of this Error I fuppofe arifes from 
 a Gentleman's being millaken in the fpeed of his 
 Bounds, who for want of 7ryal againfl other JDogs 
 that have been really /^ff, has fuppos'd his own to 
 hefmft^ vj\t\ in reality they were but of middle (peed:, 
 and becaufe his Hor'e (when tm'imd) was able to 
 follow them ull day., and at any hour to command 
 them u]^o i[dfep^^ well as light Earths, has therefore 
 
 falfly 
 
falfly concluded him to hcfvpift as the hefi ; but upon 
 tryal againft a Horfe that has been rightly train'd 
 after Hounds that were rruly fieet^ has to his cofl; 
 bought his Experiences and been convinc'd of his 
 Error, 
 
 Therefore I wouldjperfwade j^l Lovers of Hunters 
 to get two or three Couple of try'd Hounds^ and once 
 or rmVf a week to follow after them a lrain-fcent\ 
 and when he is able to tof them on all forts of Earth, 
 and to endure Heats and Colds ftoutjy, then he may 
 the better relie on his S^eed and Tonghnefs. 
 
 That Horfe which is able to ride a Hare-chafe of 
 five or fix miles briskly, and with good courage, till 
 his body be as it were bath'd in jxve^it y and then upon 
 the death of the Hare^ in a nipping frofy mornjng 
 can endure to siand fiill^ till the fweat^ be froz.en on 
 hiis back^ fo that the cold may j)ierce him as well as the 
 heat ^ and then even in that extremitv of Cold to 
 ride another C^*?/^, 3s briskly and with as muchc^^- 
 ragty as he did in the former : That Horfe which can 
 thus endure heats and coldi ofteneft is of mofl: value 
 amongft Sports-men* And indeed tis not every Horfe 
 that 16 able to endure fuch extraordinary loyl-^ a^d 
 I my felf have feen very brave Horfcs to the Eye^ that 
 haveridthe/ir/C/7<«/f to admiration, that when the 
 Cold bad Itruck to them, and they began to grow Bif, 
 h^YQ jiagg'^d the fecond, aud ^wen ^nite out the third 
 Heat. 
 
 Therefore to make a judgment of the goodnefs 
 of your own Horfe, cbferve him after the death of 
 the firft Hare, if the Chafe has been any thing briskj 
 if when he is fo/^, hefrrinks up his Body^ and draws 
 his Legs up together, tis an infallible token ot wara of 
 Courare •, and the fame yoif may collet from the 
 /Isckfiing of his Girths after the firft Chafe, '^and jfrom 
 
 the 
 
72 q^t ^ttnting'i&orfe- 
 
 the fettifi^ of his Teeth, and the duhejs of his Couftte" 
 Ttance-y all which are true marks of Fammfsy a.nd 
 Tyring: and therefore there is no reliance onlucha 
 Horfe, incafeofa W^^e^. : . - 
 
 But if on the contrary, you are Mafler of a Horfe 
 rnotonly in your o'wn judgment, but- in the ot^nhn of 
 k»ovFinnr Horfemen) that is approvd for Speed, and 
 Toughnefs, and you are defirous ro match him,or other- 
 wife to run for a Tlate; I will to the btfl of my 
 power tell you the advantages that are to be gaind 
 in Adatching. 
 
 But before I enter upon the fuhje^ propos'd, I 
 think it convenient to tell you the way our Jncefiors 
 had of making their Matches, and our modem w^v of 
 deciding Wagers. Firll then the old way of Tryal 
 was by running fo many ^rain-fcents after Hounds, 
 (zs was agreed on between the farties concern'd) and 
 a Beli-Courfe , this being found not fo uncertain ^n^ 
 more durable than Hare-huntijig, and the advantage 
 confifted in having the Trains kd on Earth moft fui- 
 table to t.ht nature of th^ Horfes. Nov/ others chofe 
 to him the Flare till fuch an hour prefix d, and then 
 to run the Pri7^-^^o(>/^-C/;^/^, which, becaufeit is not 
 Icnown to all Huntsmen, I Iha 1 explain the »fe and 
 manner of it 
 
 The WUdg'oofe Cbafe received its Name from the 
 manner of the flight which is made by Wildyecfc, 
 which is generally one after another : fo the two Hor- 
 fes after the running of Twelvcfcorc Tards, had li- 
 berty, which Horfe foever could get the leading, to 
 ride what ground he pleas'd ', the hindmoft Horfe bid- 
 ing bound to/(?//(7W him, within a certain dif^ance a- 
 greedonby A.rticles^ or elfe to be whipt upbv the 
 'riers or judrei which Vods by, and which ever 
 I lorfe could diftance the other won the Match. > 
 
 But 
 
But this C^^/e was found by Experience foinhh" 
 fnane^ aud fo dcflrit^ive to good Horfes^ efpecially 
 when two good Horfes were match'd •, for neither 
 being able to difia?7ce the other, till ready both to 
 finl^under their Riders through V/eaknefs , oftentimes 
 the Match was fain to be drami, and left undecided^ 
 thoboth the Horfes. were quite yjiey^. 
 
 This brought them to run 7'rainfcems, which af- 
 terwards was chang'd to three Heats, and a straight 
 Courfe ; and that the Lovers ai Hunting-horfes might 
 beencourag'd to keep good. Ones, Plates have been 
 €re^ed in many places of this Land, purpolelyfor 
 Hunters, and fome their Articles exclude all others, 
 fnamely Gallopers j from 'Running, 
 
 But whether you defign to match your Horfe a- 
 gainfl any Ow^Horfe in particular, or to put him in 
 for a Vlate, where he muil run againft all that come in 
 general; yet tis neccfiary that youJ^nowthe nature 
 and dif^ofticn of your Horfe, before you venture 
 any wager on his head ; that is to fay, whether he 
 be hot and fcry^ or cool and temperate in Riding ; 
 whether he be very fwift, but not hard at bottom , 
 or flew, but yet jure, and one that w'lW ftick^ at 
 marks, on what fort- of Earths he moft delights to 
 gallop on, whether to climh or run down hills, or 
 elfe to skflp on a Flat; whether to run on deep, or 
 light Grounds; whether on rack^wciys, or Carpet- 
 ground •, whether amongfl: Mole-hills, or on Meadow 
 ground; whether he be ivf//-winded, or r/j/cJ^:^ wind- 
 ed, fo that tho he will anfwer a Spur, and mend up- 
 on Lapfing, yet he muft have cafe by Sobs. All thefe 
 things muft be known, to the end that you may draw 
 thofe^/^r^;7f^^n from them which may be ofrer'd in 
 matching , as this for Example. 
 
 If 
 
74 ^ft^ !^untftt5''l^orre. 
 
 IfyourHorfebe Wand fiery ^ tis odds but he is 
 fleet withalK for generally thofe Horfesarcfo) and 
 and delights to run upon light and hard flats j and 
 rauft be held hard by the Rider that he may have 
 time to recover Wind by Sobbs ; or elfe his Fnry will 
 choak him. But whereas it is the general opinion 
 that nothing that is vioUfu can be lafiing ; and there- 
 fore that it is impoflible that fuch hot mettled Hor- 
 ies can be tongh and hard at bottom , this I conceive 
 may be but a popular Errour ^ ior I have fome- 
 times feenby Art thofe two Qualities reconciled, at 
 lead fo far, as to make themolb Fiery Horfe managa- 
 ble, and to endure both Whif and Spur •, and then 
 iho he Ihould not prove at bottom fo truly tough as 
 t\\z craving Drnd^e ^ yet by his Riders management 
 his Speed mallanlwer it in all points and ferve in its 
 fiead \ But to return to my Subject. . 
 
 The beit way to Match fuch a Horfe is to agree 
 to run Train-fcents and the fewer the better for you , 
 before you come to the Courfe : Alfo in thefe Train- 
 fcents thQ fiwrter you make your is^i/^^wce the better: 
 and above all things be fure agree to have the leading 
 ofthefirft Trayn, and then making choice of fuch 
 grounds as your Horfe may belt (hew his Speed, and 
 the Fleeteft Doggs you can procure, give your 
 Hounds as inuch Lave before you , as your Tryers will 
 allow, and then making a loofe try to win the Match 
 with ^Wind:, but if you faile in this attempt then 
 ^eareyont Horfe, and fave him for ths Courfe at laft. 
 
 But if your Horfe \)Qfl.oxv , yet vfell WirJedy and a 
 " true Spurred Nagg \ then the more Trainfccnts you 
 run before you come to run the firatght Courfe the 
 better. Obferving here too, to gain the leading of 
 the firft Train , which in this cafe you muft; lead it 
 upon fuch deep Earths that it may not end near any 
 light Ground. For this is tlie Ruie received among 
 
Horfenun that the next Train is to begin where the 
 laf^ ends^ and the laft train is to be ended at ihtfiart- 
 i»^Poi?of the Courfe. Therefore obfervc to end 
 your lafl on deep Earths as well as the flrft. 
 
 In the next place have a care of making a Match 
 ofafuddain, and m Drink,-, for fear leaft you repent 
 when yoo are Sober. Neither make a match againft a 
 Horfe , which you do not k^'ow » without firft con- 
 fulting fome skilfull or truftv Friend^ on whofe Judg- 
 ment and Honefty you can fafely rely, and who is 
 able to give a good uiccoMnt of vour ^dverfariesHor- 
 fe's5pftf^ and his manner of Ridings ard if you find 
 him any ways correfpondent to your own mfpeedor 
 lo»dnejs be not too Pertwptory to venture, but upon 
 Tome realonable probabilities of Wtnmrg : for tis 
 neither Br^ggs nor Fancy that will make yoifr Horfe 
 run one jot the better , or your Advcrfnrys the vforfe : 
 and remember this , that there is no Horfe fo^oo^, 
 but there may be another as good , and then if you 
 proceed on good Grounds ^ and true Judgm^ent., you 
 m/iy le the bolder to go on , and ftand to your 
 Match^ notwithllanding the opinion of other men 
 may be againft you. 
 
 One material Jdvife I had like to have forgot and 
 that is this j be fure at no time give advantage of 
 Weight , for you will find the incor.venience ©fit at 
 thelatter endofihcDay : forthoa Horle/^f/ it not 
 when he is frejlj , vet it mW fink him very much 
 when he grows vteak^: a hcrfe-ltngth loft by odds 
 of Wetgkt in the £rft Train^ may prove a di fiance in 
 the ftreight Conrfe at la[i ^ for the Weight is the 
 fame every Heat iho his Jirength be not. 
 
 But if on the other i.de you fain any advantage 
 of Wiight -i aiticle il at the hcrfon^n Ihall ride To 
 nuch weight f,s you are agreed on, hefdes the Saddle, 
 fcrby this means the ^;</fr Cif he be not weight of 
 
 him 
 
76 €J]^e J^untins*]^otfc. 
 
 himfelf j mult carry tht dead weigh fomewhcrea- 
 bout him, which will be troiiblefometothe^zW^ras 
 well as the Horfe; and the more to the latter , fince 
 tis more remote from his Back then ifit were in the 
 Saddle , and by, confequsnce will more diforder his 
 firokeifthQ Rider imlme to eitheiTt^^ then if itwcre 
 nearer the Center ; as you may fee by a pair o^ Scales , 
 where if the Pin be not placed exadly in the midlt 
 of the^f^w, the longefi part (as being moftdiftant 
 from the Center j will be the heaviefh. 
 
 Now as to the time that you take for dyeting, 
 that mult be jlccording to the Nature of your Hoiie, 
 and the prefent/^f^ of Body he is in ; for tho he may 
 be clean enough for ordinary Huntings yet he may 
 be tar diltant from that perfect State of Body, that 
 is required in a Matchy and to keep him in fuch fti ict 
 jDyet all the Seafon^ ( except on fuch extraordinary 
 Occafions) would be an mnecejfary Expence, 
 
 'As to your Morfes Difpofition for Ennning , yon 
 m'ult know it by ufe and Obfervation , for iri this 
 Point Horfes very much differ , for fome run belt 
 when they are high'mcafe , others when they are in 
 middle Condition of¥lefl7 , and fome again when they 
 appear to the Eye Poor^ and Low in Flelh ; there • 
 fore according to your Horfes Nature , and the time 
 required to bring him into his befi State , you muft 
 crder your day for the tryal of your Match to be. 
 
 But if you defign to put him in for fome Hunting 
 Plate ; there neither the c/^^/ce of your Ground , the 
 Weighty noT the Hoijes you are to run agalnftareac 
 your dtfpofal, but you mult take them as you find 
 them ^ only the time for bringing your Horfe into a 
 good Condition is at your own difcretion , fince you 
 may begin as foon or as late as you pleale to keep him 
 inftrid Dyet , the time for all Plates being ufually 
 iixt^ and annually the fame. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
i%e ^unting'l^or fe. 77 
 
 ii :jr. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 Of the Qrderingtbe Hunter-, for a Match 
 Or a rlate* 
 
 W 
 
 Hen you have either Matcht your Horfe, or en- 
 tertained thoughts of putting him in for a 
 P/^^^,"you muft confider that you ought to refervea 
 Month at the lealt, to draw his Body perfedtly cleariy 
 and to refine his Wind' to that degree of ferfe^ion 
 which Art is capable of attaining to. ^^i 
 
 Firft then you mult take an exac't view of the Stau 
 of his Body j both outwardly 7{nd inwardly , as whe- 
 ther he be low or high in Flef^j^ ox whether he be 
 dull and Heavy when aibroad , and this occafioned 
 through too much hard riding , or through fome 
 Greaje that by hunting has been dijfohed^ but for 
 want of a fcowrin^ has not been removed. 
 
 If he appear yZ«^^ ?■/?) and Melancholy from either 
 of thefe caufes, than give him half an Ounce of Dia- 
 pente in :{ pint of ^ood old Adalhgo Sack.-, which will 
 both cleanfe his 'ody^ and, revive his Spirits: and 
 then for the firft week you (hall feedhm continually 
 with Bread^ Oats -^nd fpUt Bra?js , giving him fome- 
 timesthe o^^and fometimcs the other, according a*?'- 
 he J\kes , always leaving Tome in his Locker to eac 
 at his own leifure when you are abfent ; and when 
 you return at your Hours of Feeding to take away 
 V hat is left, and to give him /rf//, tili you have macie 
 hwnwanton^Lndflayfidl. To which tnd yon fliali ob- 
 ierve that though you ride him q\'^x^ d-:-.\j mcrning 
 
 and 
 
7^ ci^e J^untfns^l^otfe. , 
 
 and evening on Airing , and every other day on Hunt- \ 
 ing , yet you are not to ^voeat him , or put him to 
 any violent Labour . the dedga this week being to 
 keep him in Wind and Breathy and to prevent fur* 
 ftvenefs. 
 
 But you are to obferve that both your Oats^ Beans 
 and Bread are to be now ordered after another man- 
 ner then you did before , for firft you mult dry your 
 Oats well in the 5««, then put them into a clean , 
 Bag and heat them foundly with a Flail or Cudgel, till 
 you think they are hulled ^ then take them out of the , 
 bagg and wimow them clean both from hulls and duft 
 and fo give them to your Horfc as you have occafion, 
 Your Beans in like manner mufl: be feparated from the ^ 
 hulls which are apt to breed ^Ittt , and raufl: either 
 be thrown away or given amongftchaf to fomc more 
 ordinary Horfe. And for your Bread whereas before 
 you only chipt it , now you muffc cut the Crufi clean 
 away, and difpofe of it as you pleafe •, for tis hard of 
 digefiiofi J ^nd will be apt to heat ^nd dry his Body. 
 And now that you are to put him mtoftriSler keepings 
 you are to make z finer fort of Bread then before, 
 as thus ^ 
 
 Take two Pecks o{ Beans, and ^two o^Wheat, and 
 grind them together , but not too fine , to prevent 3 
 too much Bran being in the Bread ^ and drefis one \ 
 Peck of the Meal through a fine Range y and knead 
 it up with new Ale Barniy and the Whites of a dozen 
 «ew layd Eggs, and fo bake it in a Loaf by it felf, and 
 the reltdreis through a Boulter, and knead it only 
 with Ale and Barm -, and ufe it m all other points 
 as the former .• Now the Peck^loafh to be given your 
 Horfe when you fet him, and the other at tfr^/>wry 
 times. 
 
 This Bread nQlits Nature much inincreafing the 
 Strength, Courage and H'/Wof your Horfe, provi- 
 ded 
 
ded you add thereto fas I have always told you) true 
 Labour, as any Bread whatfoever , nay even as ei- 
 ther of^M.De-Greys forts of Bread,which he mentions 
 in his Gowpleat Horfemm 4° p. 1 32. f<:i. 40 efpecially 
 h\s laSi, which he fays is better Breads and a greater 
 Cgoler'^ and which he prefcribes to make thus, 
 
 * TzkQH heat Meal out Peck, Rye-meal ^ Beans and 
 *• Oat-mealy all ground very fmall , of each half a 
 *Peck, j^ni feeds y^nd LicorijJj , of each one Ounce, 
 *' IVhite Sugar-Candy four 0[inCQS all in fine Powder^ 
 *" the yolks ^nd whites of Twenty Eggs well beaten , 
 *and fo much vy'hite-wine as will knead it into a 
 
 * Pa^e , make this into great Loaves , bake them 
 'well, and after they be two or three days old, let 
 
 * him eat of this Bread,but chip away the Ontfide^ 
 
 Now the Reafon why I have cited this is , becaufe 
 1 have heard feveral ('who would be thought know- 
 ing Horfemen) applaud this very ^re^^ beyond any 
 other to be met with in any Book, tho for my part 
 I can find nothing f.vcf//f«f in the whole Compofuion. 
 
 For firft Oat-meal tho it be ftrong , yet it is a dry 
 grain, hard oi digejlio-a , and a great dryer up of the 
 Blood, n^ Wheat is of a drying quality likewife , 
 tho it be light ^ for the Anifeed and Licorifljy they 
 are not only P/j}'/7c^/ but W alio-, Co that the Body 
 becomes over heated , and thereby cofllve. And yet 
 thefe People will not be perfwaded^ but thefe Drugs 
 will make him long-winded ; poflibly they might afiifh 
 him in Neighing^ asfomemen fay it doth Sorr^sicrs 
 in Vocal Muficitt wherein there is no Exerdfe of the 
 Body ufed ^ but where bodily flrengtb is required,! ani 
 apt to believe it more prejudicial than prof table. 
 
 But here fome will objeil that there is Rye and 
 
 Beanes both which are moifl/^ing •, efpecially the Rye 
 
 wh ch is both cold and moyfi, and is the very reafon 
 
 DeCrey himfelf gives why he put Rye into his latter 
 
 F' Bread 
 
So Ci^e i^untinu'l^orfc. 
 
 Bread, becaufe (fays hej Rye is a Loofner and a Cooler^ 
 andcherefore it will make the Work mox^ Jo Inble. 
 
 I have already faid, that if his Body haye Feeding 
 proportionate to his Labour, the Horfe will conti- 
 nue in a right ftate cf/:/<?^/r^. Yet fince heis W by 
 Nature, and Labour might increaie his natural Heaty 
 and render him co/tive, therefore I have all along 
 prefcrib d him Rye-breai alone as ^Thyfcal. But here 
 let the Horfe be in what condition foever, whether 
 bound in his body or laxative^ yet Rye being a part of 
 your Bread, our Horle muft comiymally feed thereon, 
 which has this undeniable difadva?nag€, that if he be 
 laofe in his body, this Bread (to ule deCrcy'^s own 
 words; will make him moit folnble* 
 
 And now whilft I am difcourfing of Horfebread, I 
 cannot hut condemn another curiojity in fome Feeders, 
 who think, by drefling their /l/^^/ to the utmoft de- 
 gree of Fineness they do wonder Sy and that fuch p//r<? 
 Food muftof necefiity bring him to the greatefl perfc 
 Uion imaginable both of Body and Wind. 
 
 But in this point I think they arc dcceivM, for the 
 Aft:*;?/ being drefs'd fo very finey nothing remains but 
 the quintei^ence of it ; which tho it be lightned by 
 Barm and Whites of Eggs , yet when it is above a 
 day old twill begin to harden.^ (as may be obferv'd by 
 M-inchet) and efpecially if Oatmeal be in it, by rea- 
 ion of its drying quaUty, whereby it will notbefo 
 eafe ofdigefiion, as it would beotherwife if it had no 
 Bran in it; and by conftquence will be more apt to 
 epprefs his Stomach, if he 'e h.ated, before it be 
 throu.^hly digested, and fo breed raw crudities, and 
 Tin inflammation of the bloody aa:i bv that means ha- 
 zard a Surfeit, than which nothing can be of worfc 
 confcquence to a Horfe that is match' d. ■ 
 
 And 
 
And therefore tisth^c I advife, that your iy^jr/^- 
 bread Ihould only be made of Wheat and Beans, aad 
 that it fiiould not he drefs'd too fine^ nor too conrfe^ 
 but To, as that there may be neither To rKuch Bran 
 left as to anmy the blood, nor fo little as to make your 
 Breadtooc/o/f-and/o/i^; but vou may Jcave lome on 
 purpofc tofcowr the Maw, and further our Horfes 
 Bigeftion. And thus much by way of Dlgrtifion. 
 
 Having fpoken to the ^rii condition of liorfes 
 which we propos'd, viz. r/7f/^«c^o//y, and low tn HefJu 
 we are now to fpeak of thofe which are brisk ^nd live- 
 In which if your Horfe befo, that when you lead 
 him out of the Stable he will leap and play about you, 
 thenyourauftnot only avoid giving him the Scorvr- 
 tng lait mcntion'd of Sac\^ and Diapente, but any 
 other v;hatfoever^ : for there being no foul Bumou/s 
 or any {uperflmm matter left in his body for the Thy- 
 fckto work on, it will prey upon the ftrength of his 
 body, and by that means weaken it, which it muft be 
 yourutmoft endeavour to preferve by full Feeding 2nd 
 jonnd Labour, which will nccellarily produce a per- 
 fea Wind, which is the Support of Strength, for 
 when his Wind ono: fails, his Strength avails nothing. 
 
 As to the manner of it, if your Horfe be ingag'd in 
 a Hunting-match, you iiuWfweat him twice this week, 
 but not by hunting him after the Hare, as forrncri ' 
 but by Train^fccnts, fince ths former on this Occafion 
 may prove deceitful-, for rho the >Jounds be v?ry 
 M/f, yet the 5cm being cold the Dof^sw'W often he 
 at fault , and by that me.^ns the Horfe will have 
 many Sehs , fo that when he comes to run Trmn-fccnti 
 m earneft your Horfe will look for eafe, his Wt?^,d be- 
 ing not fo perfed as in Art it oug't to be. 
 
 Therefore lead your Train-fum with a dead Cat 
 ^ 2 over 
 
8 2 CHae ^nntim^otk' 
 
 over fuch Cromdi as you are likely to run e». and beSt 
 agrees with yous Horfes Bumour^ and be fure make 
 ciioicc ot the FleeieFl hounds you can get, and then 
 your Horfe will be kept up to the htght of \\is fpeed. 
 
 As to the Number of Train-fcems that you are to 
 ride at a time, 1 hat you muft order according to your 
 Match ^ or f which is better)according to your Horfe's 
 ftrength^ and ability for performing his Heats. For 
 if ^0]} labour h\m\)t^ox\(\h\%li:rength^ twill take him 
 o^\\\%fyeed, weaken his Limbs^ and daunt his Spirit. 
 If you give him too little Exercife, it will give oppor- 
 tunity for pirfivenejs and ill humours^ as Glut, &C. 
 to increafe in him, and gain in him a habit of Laz.i- 
 jiefs^ that when he comes to be put to labour above 
 his nfual rate^ he will grow reslijf^ ^^adi fettle like a 
 Jadcy either of which will redound to your difcredity 
 and therefore it mull: be from your own l^owledge in 
 thc/?^fpof hisBody,and not from zny general Direfii^ 
 ons in writing, that you mud Iteer your Courfe. 
 
 Only this Dire^mi may be given you, that if you 
 are to run Eight Train-fcents and the (traight Courfe^ 
 more or lefs, you are to put him to fuch fevere labour 
 not above twice in your whole Months keeping j and 
 and if it be in the firft Fortnight^ twill be the, better, 
 for then he will have a compleat Fortnight to recover 
 his sirengthagmn ; and for his labour in his laft Fort^ 
 nighty let it he proportionate to his ftrength and wind^ 
 as fometimes half his Task, and then three parts of it. 
 Onlyobferve. that the /<«/?Tryal you make in the 
 fir f Fortnight be a Traiu-fcent more than your Match, 
 for by that means you will find what he is able to do^ 
 And for the proportion of his Exercife, twice a week 
 (as i have already fid^ is fufficient to keep him 
 in ^y-f^^/;, and yet will not diminiflior injure his ^Z- 
 gour. 
 
 But if your Hunting-match be to run fewer Train- 
 fcents 
 
fcents, then you may put him to his whole TasJ^ the 
 oftner, according as you find him in condition; 
 only obferve that you are not to firain him for Ten 
 dales 21 leafl: before he ride his Match^ that he may 
 be led into the Field in perfe(!l; firength and vigour, , 
 
 If you intend him for a VUte^ let him take his 
 Heats according to this DireBton, only let it be oa 
 the Place^ that he may hz acquainted with the Ground y 
 and as for the Hounds you may omit them, as not 
 being ty*d to their sjeed^hwx. that of your jldverfaries 
 Horfe's. But as to your Number of Heats , let them 
 be according to what the Articles exa6t ; only ob^ 
 ferve that as to the Jl}arpnefs of them, they mult 
 be regulated according to the temper othisfirength^ 
 and the purity of his Wmd. And when you heat him 
 provide fome Horfes upon the Courfe to run at him^ 
 which will quicken his fpirits^ and encourage him,when 
 he finds he can command them at his pleafure. And 
 here too the fame Rule muft be obferved, not to give 
 your Horfe a Bloody heat for Ten daies or a fortnight 
 before the Plate be to be run for : And let his lajl- 
 heat which you give him before the day of Tryal be 
 in all his Cloathes, and jufl: skelp it over ^ which wil| 
 make him run the next time much more vigoroufly, 
 when he Ihall be fiript j^aked^ and feci the cold Jir 
 pierce him. JaCv^ 
 
 But now that. I am \^zz\imgoi fweatlng^ it may 
 beexpeded that I fliould lay down fome Rules how 
 to order a Horfe that is in keeping for ^ Match in 
 Froliy weather, or in cafe he be an oldflrain^d Horfe, 
 fb that you dare not heat him in hard weather^ for fear 
 of Lameing him a frefli. 
 
 In thefe cafes fome Horfemen have pra(ftic*d/»?^/«f- 
 ing their Horfe in the Houfe^ by laying on him multi- 
 plicity ofCloathcSy being firft made hot at the Fire ; 
 which is the moil unnatural way oifweating a Horfe 
 
 that 
 
84 '^tjeK^itntin^'i^orfe* 
 
 that can be , jlnce 'tis provoked by heat ^riflng from 
 th.ioutwardpartSy and is too i//V^»f, the extteatnity 
 of iht hut joynd to the might of the Cloa^his^ ijs^t 
 ohlv VQeakning^ but slmoit /mothering him. ' V: VV . •' 
 
 Thf'next way in ufe^isto'givt him his lie^i^rnkdad^ 
 as I itilt now mentioned in his C/o^;/?W, btt this too is 
 npt ionu:,'\:l^nAhjndly :, 2ii without his CjCji^he^, 
 fince here top the heat is .nigiTJented honi mth'okt\^n6. 
 conlcquently abates his jhength tlicmorf;^ and ^et 
 doth not altogether To v;ell improve his Winc^J ' ''' i ^ 
 - Therero;.'6iFeithcr you have a Horfe ii^at has beeti 
 ftrairPd, or otheTwife the \vhather be unfenforjahlefind 
 OWtiomQ de ad Jo^^ ox fandy iT^jf, though of hvithalf 
 a /l//7£'j length , and there W^t^ your horfe till he 
 fweat as you wonld have him. I remember to have 
 heard of a Gentleman having matched his horfe for a 
 very ceufiderable fumm :^ and the weather proving 
 hard J tcokthXs>conrje to keep his horfe in /^rf^r/; ^ he 
 caufed Straw, and foul Litter to ht if read all .along 
 round an adjoyning Qlofe^ and every morning his Ser^ 
 vnnts jlioekjt up and turndity to keep it i^dlhw and 
 foftj and then the Horfe was fed forth ^tO^altop on 
 it afcer his Water, and by this manes kepit'nisHori'e 
 in to Her able Wind. — -^ ' 
 
 'Now during this- Month hd^ on his Uefi'mg-daieSy 
 and after his jyeats on Heating-daies, you are to 
 6'biirve '^hefame Rides which you were taught in the 
 J?rl^ yjeekn'fyout Third Fortni^ts '"' ecping i only you 
 affe'tCOtnit p\] fcourlngs, hxrlKjepread rjrid ■Mfijler^ 
 iTiire your Hbj-lc heiag in fo perfeH a /?-^rc'.'of Body has 
 Ijo needof riny' Oilh if yon think there mViy beany 
 occahon, and that your Horfe\prove Thirfty^ y)\hout 
 Eir^ht or Nine' a Clock at J^'\^ht you may giVe'him 
 this .'lu'tp to ccci him ^n&ejHettch'hlsThtr/J-. .'•"'' 
 Take Early-water Two Quafts .• ofSyr>yp-o(Vio' 
 
 lets 3 Ounces J of Syrrup of Lcmmons 2, Ounces, mix 
 
 them. 
 
*hem ^together , and give them to your Horfe to 
 iirinki:-, i^hQvduk^faften it from falling as you did 
 the Ma/hy and fo let it ftand by him all Night. 
 - Daring the laft Fonmghty you muft not only dry 
 your O^tj, and hull them by beatings but likewile 
 take' half a Strike of Oats and voajli them in the 
 W^/;;>^jofa. dozen or twenty Eggs^ and ftirring them 
 therein let them foke all Night ^ then the next 
 Morning take them and ffread them abroad in the 
 S««, till they be as dry as at firft, and To rnve them, to 
 yout Morfe, and when tliey are fpent prepare more 
 in the /^wf manner.' ,ThiS Foodis %^r of Digeftion^ 
 and very fo'vereign for. his Windi, ^^^i -. ■ • r -r. . , . > 
 
 His B'^ms muft ht order'd as . before, only give 
 t\[^mXioi\ofrequemiy^ ifhe will eat his O^r^ without 
 them ^ and for his Bread this Fortnight let it be 
 thre^' parts Wheai^to one of Bea^is^ and let it be order- 
 ed a$ before diredcd. " And likewife if you find him 
 •ine}irt'dt"Oco/?/w«f// forget not to rdteve Nature by 
 ^ivihg him Oats )v^]?/^ in two or three Whites of 
 E^giixi^ .^k beat together •, for that,, as I have told 
 yoiialr^ady, will cooi his Body, and keep it jnoifi: 
 ■; OWtng-tiie /<«/? Week omit giving' him a Majh^ 
 only give the Barfy-vrater as before j but as to Hay 
 let him have as much as he will e^f (which will not 
 be much, if he ha\^e his fill of better food; till a day 
 before he is to ride his Match^ but then you muft hold 
 your hand , that he may have time to digeit that 
 whjch he has caten^ and then and not before ^ ou may 
 vufzxJie h\m with your Givez.one\ and be fure that 
 day^ and fo till the morning he is led out, to feed him 
 as much as j)ojfible^ for fuch a days Labour will re- 
 quire fomething to maintain flrength. Therefore in 
 the Morning, an hour before you are to had oin^ give 
 him a TqU or two oi White-bread fteept in Sac\^.^ 
 which will revive his Sprits^ and fo lead him into the 
 Field. f 4 . -But 
 
But if you are to run for a Plate^vfhich ufually is not 
 till three a clock in the After-novn, then by all means 
 have him out early in the morning to air^ that he may 
 ^mfty his Body, and when he. is come in from Air- 
 ing feed him with Tefls in Sackj, for you mufl: con- 
 iider, that as too much fulnefs will endanger his mnti, 
 fb too long fafiing will csakfaimnefs. When he has 
 taten what you think fit to give him, put on his Ca- 
 'vez.one^ and then having chafd his Legs found ly with 
 Tiece-greafe and Brandy warm'd together, or Trains 
 cyl^ (which ought likewile to be us'd daily at Noon 
 iov a Week, before the Match, or longer if you fee 
 caufe,) fhake up his Littery and Ihutting up your Sta- 
 hie cIo(e, and preventing any Noife to be made near 
 him, leave him to his ^f^till the hour come that he is 
 to go into the Field. 
 
 As to flatting his Main and Tail, Jhooing him with 
 TlateSy pitehing his Saddle and Girths, and the like 
 preparations J they are things which every Grooim 
 can inftrud you in, and therefore I fhall not trouble 
 you with Rules concerning them, but in lieu thereof 
 ihall 'Id fome farther Diredions how to judge of 
 the State of your Hcrfes Body, and if you find any 
 thing amifs therein how to rearcfs it. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
C^i^c ^untfng^i^otfe. 87 
 
 GH A P IX. 
 
 Of the Means to judge of your Horfes 
 State of Body^ and of curing all Cajit- 
 dhies that may happen after Matching, 
 
 T 'Here arc kvQrz] Obfervations to be made by you 
 during your Dieting your Horfe, which if you 
 mifcarry in, may be the lojs of your Match, or your 
 fljarp ir t'le Pl^,te. Therefore, that you may know- 
 how to proceed regularly in this Jrf, I Ihall endea- 
 vour to fumme i.hem Hp, 
 
 Firil then you are to obferve his Chaule^ XmRibs^ 
 and his FUnh^ according to the Rules formerly laid 
 down J for ii he be clean vaithin^ he will alfo be clean 
 there ^. but yet he may feel clean there^ when he is 
 not clean wtthin\ and thcrt^fore thofe Grooms arc 
 very conceited^ who upon their jirfl view of a Horfe 
 and handling of his Flankji pronounce him to be in a 
 true fiat e, of Body j for gentle j4iring, warm C loath- 
 ing, k?:av! Feeding may difperfe the grofs Fat and 
 6/«?, and drive it trom the f?«rw^^^ parts, fo that he 
 rn^Ly. appear clean, when in reality he is po/- Co: and^ 
 therefore you are only a competent Judg,^ who know 
 how he was clean fed- • , 
 
 Therefore you are to obferve^ firft, whether in ali 
 points you have proceeded according to ^rt in his 
 Training ^ as whether he performs his Heats with t//- 
 j^oraud true c<7«r^jrf, whether he have been all along 
 home-fedy whether you have not fuffer'd purfn^enejs to 
 increafe by too little labour, or abated his Flefh and 
 
 Strength 
 
8B ^i)z l^untfttg^iiorfe. 
 
 ftrength by too mnch* Thefe things are the very 
 grounds of Keeping y and therefore ought to he Jean ^ 
 and confider^d with judgment. 
 
 Next you are to obferve his manner of F-edingy 
 aps whether he holds his Appetite oir^o ; and otMerve 
 what fort of Ftfo^ he likes I'cy?, and of that g-ve him 
 oftene(i^ ; and in cafe his fiomach abate , ke?p him 
 out longer Morning and Night, at his airtm^-.si ■'. 
 
 In fike manner you mafl: obferve his Djmfy which 
 tho it be as fallacious oftentimes as a SivksrnahS Wa- 
 ter^ it being liable to alteration on tiic chan ;? of Dyet^ 
 or being inflitene'd by the air^ ' yet be' i ; c/(?^¥n(] in 
 health it will ufually be a pale yellow c.olojr^'-and; be 
 voided in round Pellets •, but if it be loofe^ and P>^^ it 
 is an infallible fi^a of weaknefs^ and therefore mult by 
 good Feeding be remedied as foon as poiTible. ' But if 
 it be hard and dry , fo that he cannot dun^biit' vvith 
 difficulty ^ViAftraining^ then, you mult endeavour to 
 r^/zVw Nature, but not with ycon7n»^j,whtch' 'Would 
 weakentoo much, but rather chufe to give i^ifti this 
 Gti fiery ••v\thich will both cool and refreftphim.- ^ 
 ^•iu r .>>5t>.oti: iiJ Lii:: ; ■ -■ rr Tiii^lj 3o;^ 
 
 Take' a Quart ofT^%,-T5f Syrrop'ofr?i«^fj,-ftfid 
 P«/p5 of Ca(fia.y of each Four Ounces and of 7l/^««^ 
 half an Ounce ; this will /'w/ge him gently , and is 
 molt excellejic to ctfo/ his Bowels. .. c-a 
 
 The next thing to be confidered is Lamneff^ v\^hrch 
 if it proceed from old firains you mult makoufeof 
 this Oyntmenty which I have feveral times experimen- 
 ted with goadfuccefs. 
 
 ~ Take frelh Butter , Oylc of Bayes^ Dlaltheay and 
 Turpentine of e^ch Two Ounces, w^vand hoyle them 
 together on a /«3/fp-<?, and" when thev are well /«- 
 
 ■torpor atedy as hot as the Horfe can fuffcr it, annoint 
 
 the 
 
the^Horfew/cea day,, andgive him exe'/cife, by Jir- 
 ?>?-him abroad Morning and Evening a/oct.^^cf,aKi(J 
 yoti will^ find it a certain- Remedy foi^i^yStrairi m 
 tMShmlder, CUpoutht bac^ffiews^or any grief xvh^t 
 foe ver^ that psoceeds Uom Straiifs^ , Tjuci 
 
 But if vou only fear Lamencfs trom uUStraim:, 
 then, you inuft bt careful that your £^fm/^ benio 
 derate, and alwaiesjwhen, you conve in, from Water 
 and his Legs are rub'd dry y anmint ihtm wifh 
 fuch fupple Oynments, as are accounted good tor the 
 Limbs,zsLtnfeed,rratn,Sheepfot>t, Nmsfoot IVerv.e^ 
 Oyle and the Tke •, all which may be uled on his 
 daies of Reft^ but on h'S heating daies Vrme zndSalt- 
 Peter. Some Horfemen make u(e of ^r^;;^/c and .S.?/- 
 /^fOylmixM, and bathe his Legu zxid ftcixmrds 
 heat it m with a h0t iron, and coimECDd it as the 
 beft thing for the Lmbs of an Oldfhl Hor.c. 
 
 But if yonr Hortf- through Negiigem.r. ^^ any .^*2- 
 fualtte happen to have the Greafehjl mohisHe^Ly 
 you mult, endeavour ro remove it by a goo^ Jomd 
 heat , and a /cowr/^^ after it , and .apply, to his ,U^ 
 this PoHltifs. awo-y lV..^ 
 
 TakeqfHiWf)' 3 Pound, of T'//rfmi'«rv.ce^wwt>«0>wi, 
 
 Medof'Unfecdy^r\^thQ Meal of £<^««^rf f i, <>f each^^^ 
 Ounces, and the cwder of Bayber^y\ii^:v^t\i. iearchrO 
 3 Ounces, ,»/> arid %/t all thefe well together-, they 
 takeit#, andpu*: to it a V'mtoi White-wme^ then 
 boyle it a^aw, till it be very thick : and with this, as 
 hot as the Horfe car fuffer it, l?p his legs al)0ut FU^- 
 jfer-voife^ and reriew it only or.ce in three dates , and :t 
 will certainly bring, his Ugs within compals- 
 
 IfyourHorles Fen be b^d^ either fur bated, ox mn- 
 dred. theninftead ot Cow-rn?ig, you may ftop 
 them with bUy^^-d^y and T/w^w tempeid toge- 
 ther. 
 
90 Ci^e l^nntini^fottz. 
 
 ther, and 05 his Heating-daies at Night ftop them 
 with grey-fope, and keep it in with a peiceofanold 
 Shoo-fb]e. 
 
 If your Horfe be troubled with any Dofe in his 
 head give him Mnfiard-feed araongft his Provender^ 
 but if it be a mrfeColdy which you will perceive by 
 his Ratlings then give him this Lamhitwe^ or Ete^n- 
 ary. 
 
 Take of Honey and Treacle , each half a Pound, 
 having mixtthcfe together, add to them Powder of 
 Cumminfeed^ Li^Horifljj Bay-berries^ Jmifeeds^ each an 
 Ounce, mix all thefe together, and put them to the 
 Honey and Treakie, which will make it of a thick con- 
 iiftance. If your horfe hath a Cold,inftend of his Oatef 
 before Water , give him the quantity oizWalmt of 
 this Lamhitive on the top ofafiick^or in a Spoon^ and 
 Jet him lickjt ofT^ and the fame do after firing, when 
 firffc you come in, and you will find the advantage of it. 
 
 Thele at prefent are all the Imonveniencies that I 
 can call to mind, which are lyahle to Hunters^ or Gal- 
 lofers in their Keeping-^ andtho through ?«4^wm»- 
 fc>, or want of memory I fhould have omitted any, 
 yet from thefe GreHnds, you may form your Reme- 
 dies for any common Accident or Diflemfer-^ and 
 now that we draw near to the Match-day y and the 
 End of our Difeourfe^ we will only difcufs feme few 
 i?W^j relating to the 7>y^/ of the Hunting Match, I 
 mean Rules to be obferved in Ridifig^ and fo con- 
 clude. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
scj^e l^untinS'i^otte. 91 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 Of riding a Hunting'Match , or Heats 
 for a Platey and the Advantages be- 
 longing to each^ 
 
 I Have endeavoured to fhew the Necefiity and the 
 Manner of Tr awing ^nd Dieting Horfes, but this 
 alone is not fufficient to the rvinning of either Match 
 or Plate without a knowing and an honefi Rider^ and a 
 skilful Judge or Tryer be joyn'd thereto j but (Ince 
 no man is fitter to ride the Horfe than he that has the 
 training of hini, I (hall lay down forae general Rules 
 hovi to ride to the bell Advantage either a Hunting- 
 Match^ or three Heats and a Conrje for a Plate. 
 
 The firfl Requifite in a Rider, next to fa'ithfulnejs 
 in his Trufl-^ is to have a good clofe Seat, his Knees be- 
 ing held firm to his Saddle-skirts, his Ti?^ j turn d in- 
 ward and his Spurs outward from the Horfes fides, 
 his left hand governing his Horfes Mouth, and his 
 right commanding his Whip-, obferving during all 
 the Tryal throughout to fit firm in his Saddle, with- 
 out waving, orfianding up in his Stirrops, which very 
 much incommodes the Horfe, notwithftanding the 
 conceited Opinion of fome Jockeys tliat it is a heco^m- 
 ing Seat. 
 
 When you fpur your Horfe , flrike him not 
 kard with the CMves of your Legs, as if you would 
 
 beat 
 
92 Cfic ^unttng^i^orfe. ' 
 
 beat the wind out of his body, buft luft turn youf 
 Toes oHtwards, and bring trie ^purs ijuickto liis fides:, 
 and ^\xQ\\^Pjarfflroke will be more ferviceabie to the 
 anickr^im of your Horfe, and fooner draw blood. Be 
 lure notto/p«r yonr Horfe but when Lhere isocca- 
 fion, and avoid fpurring him under the fore bowels, be- 
 tween his ShoiiUers, and his drths near the Heart 
 (which is the tend'reft p?acey till tht hit Extremtty . 
 
 When you whip your Horfe let it be over the Jlwut^ 
 ^fronthe«^^rfide, except upon hard mm w^, and 
 when you are at all-, then be fure with a/ro«^ jerl^ 
 to ftrike your Horle in the Flank, for there thej^m 
 htenderfi, and moft/^^/^/^of the L^V^;, 
 
 Obferve when you whip or fpnr your Horfe, and 
 that you are certain he is at the top of hisjpeed^ it 
 then he clap his Ears in his Tolcy ozwhtskjMS Tail^ 
 be fure that you bear him hard, and give him as much 
 cow/orfaseveryoucan, hy f awing his Snajfle to and 
 from his Mouth, and by that means forcing nrni to 
 open his Mouth, which will comfort him, and give him 
 wind, 
 
 Iftherebeany high wind ftirring when you ride^ 
 
 obferve if it be in your Face to let your Adverfary 
 
 lead, and to hold hard behind him till you fee your 
 
 opportunity of giving a /.<7./. ; yet you muH: obferve 
 
 to ridefoc/fp/ftohim, that his Boric may break, the 
 
 Wind from yours, and that you by poping low in 
 
 your Seat mzw fl^elter your felf under him, whici 
 
 will allifl: the Ilrength of your Horle. ButitthelFW 
 
 bciny9ur^^ci,ride e.v^c^/y behind him, that your 
 
 Horfe may alone enjoy the benefit of the Wind, by 
 
 being as it were blown forward, and by breaking- it 
 
 fron?him ns much as you can pofiiblc. 
 
 Next 
 
Next obfervewhat G ronnd yoxir Uorfe delights to 
 run beft ou, hearing your Horfe (as much as your 
 Adverfary wiii ^ive you leave) on level Curpet-groundy 
 became ycur Horfe naturally will be defirous to fpend 
 himJeJt move frtely thereon. But on deep Earths &c. 
 give him more liberty^ becaufe he will naturally /^t/o/zr 
 himfeif thereupon. Be fure, if you are to run m kill, 
 to favour your Horfe and bear him^Jot fear of run- 
 ning h'.m out of wind ; but down hilt, (if your Hories 
 Feet and Shoulders will endure it, and you dare ven- 
 ture your ovii\Ncck) always give him a Loofe. 
 
 Only take this (or a general Rule, that if you find 
 your Horfe to have the /fff/j of the other, that then 
 you be careful to preferve his Speed till the lafi: Train- 
 [cent, if you are not to run a ftraight Courje^ but if fo 
 then till the Conrfe^^ fo to husband it then too, that 
 you may be able to wake a Fufljfor it at the laft Fo^. 
 
 Next you are to obferve the nature of your Oppo- 
 ftesUoiie, and if he be ^^ry, then to run juft ^^/?zW 
 or juft cheekj)y jonl^ and with your Whip make as much 
 noife as you can , that you may force him on fa^er 
 then his Rider would have him , and by that means 
 Spend him thefooner. Or elfe keep juft before him up- 
 on fuch a (low Gallop , that he may either over reach 
 or by treading on your Horfes Heels ( if he will not 
 take the leading) endanger falling over. 
 
 Obferve on what ground the contrary Horfe runs 
 worj} and on that Earth be fure to give a loofe that 
 your jidverfaries being forced xofol\.vo you, may haa- 
 Zard slimbling^ or clapping on tX^tbach^Simvts. 
 
 Obferve Hkewife in your Riding the feveral Helps 
 and CorreUions of the Hand the Whip and the Spur , 
 and ixhcn and how often he makes u\e of them ^ and 
 when ycu perceive that his Horle begins to be blown 
 by any of the fcrmer Syrrptcms^ as Whisk[ng his 7'ail^ 
 
 ch.p- 
 
94 '^ft^ l^imting^^orfe. 
 
 clapping down his Ears , holding out his iVf>/^ like a 
 P/g- &c, you may then take it for granted that he 
 is at the top of what he can do ^ cncicfore in this 
 cafe obferve how your own rides , and if he run cheer- 
 fully ^nd flrongly without Spurring^ th^.n be fure keep 
 youv Adverfary to the fame /pcf,si without giving him 
 eafe and by that means you willquicKly bring him to 
 give oHty or elfc diflance him. 
 
 Obferve at the End of every Train-fent what Co«- 
 dition^tho, other Horfe is in-, and how h^ holds o\xt 
 in his Labour ^ which you may be able to give ?i judg- 
 ment of by his Loohj , the Working of his F lankly and 
 the Jlacknefs of his Girths, For if he look ^«//tis a lign 
 bis Spirits fail him^ if his Flanks beat much , tis d 
 token that his P^/T?^ begins to /^// him, and then of 
 necefljity his Strength muft too* If his Wind fail him , 
 then his Body will grow thin and appear tuckt. upj 
 which will make his girths appear Jlack, to the Eye. 
 And therefore take this for a Rule that there is no 
 greater Sign of Weakncfs then this which I have laft 
 nie^Jtionedj ib that if your Adverfaries Horfe want 
 girting ahcY the frfi Scent .y provided he were clofe- 
 girt at his firll (tarting^ you need not much dtfpair 
 of winning your Wager, 
 
 When each 7 rain-fccnt is ended Tand fo likewife 
 after every Heat fora Plate)you muft h^Lvedry Straw, 
 ?nd ^j;)/ Cioaths both Lr«w« and Woollen which have 
 heeri fieep'din Vrine 2Lnd Salt-Peter :^d:{y^ or two , 
 and then drycd in the Sm ^ and likewife one , or two 
 «f each which have beenlfo flecped , mull be brought 
 wet into the Field \ and after the 7 rain is ended you 
 muft have two or three Helpers^ and after your 
 Groom has with a Knife of Fleat fas the D. of iSTfW- 
 Cajlle calls itj which is an oid piece of a Sword blade^ 
 fcrapt off all the Sweat from your VIorfes Neck^ Body 
 #c. you muft fee that they firft with Straw, and 
 
 then 
 
Cfte i^unttng^^orfe. ^y 
 
 then with their dry Cloaths mb him dry all over 
 whilft others are employed about his Leg^rs • and 
 as loon as they are rub'd ^ry then chafe them wifh 
 your wpf cloaths , and never give over tilJ you are 
 called by the^^.'^^j to Han again. This will keep 
 hisJoyntsp/y^«/and;7m^/f, and prevent any tnRam- 
 mation which might arife from any o/^ Strain, 
 
 The next thing to be confidered is the Judges , or 
 Tryen Office , which is to fee that all things are or^ 
 dered according to the u4rticles, which to that end 
 ought to be publickly read before the HorfesS rayt. 
 
 Next that each Tryer on whofe fide the Tratn is to 
 be led, according to the Articles give dire^ims for 
 Its leading according to the advife of the Rzdcr^ or 
 his Knowledge of the Nature and Difpo/it ion of that 
 Horfe on whofe fide he is Chofe. 
 
 Next that each Tryer be fo adv!int?igQO\i[ly Mounted^ 
 ^n!? ^^^^ ^^ behind the Horfes, (but not upon them) 
 aJI day • and to obferve that the Contrary Horfe ride 
 ills True-gromd , and obferve the u4}'ticles in every 
 particuIar,or elfe not to permit him to frocesd. 
 
 Next that after each Irainfcem be ended , each 
 Tryer look to that Horfe againft whom he is chofen, 
 and obferve that he be no vsays relieved but with rnh- 
 twg^ except Liberty on both fides be given to the 
 contrary, 
 
 Next,as foon as the time which is altow'd for rubbing 
 be fA.-;?rre^, which is generally W/an hour, they IhJ 
 ^••ww^^^them to w^««^^ and if either Rider refufe \t 
 may be lawful for the other toftan without himind 
 liavmg beat him the difiance agreed on, the Waf^er is 
 to be adJHdg*d on his y^^^. 
 
 Next, the Tryers flialJ keep off all other Horfes 
 tromcroftng the Riders, or /f^^*»^them; only they 
 themfelvesraaybeallow'dto mfiruB the Riders by 
 
 ^ V^^crd 
 
96 Cl^e ?^unt(ng^]^orfc. 
 
 voord of month how to ride, whether /Zow, or/^/?, ac- 
 cording to the yidvamages he perceives may be 
 gain'dby his Dtrc^ions , n. n 
 
 Laftly,irtherebeciny wr;^k agreed on.theylhall 
 fee that both Hoifes bring their trut weight to the 
 ftarting place, and carry it to the end of the Train^ on 
 penalty of lofing the W^-^^e^^. 
 
 The fame Rules are to be obferv'd fefpecially this 
 la$i) by thofe 6>wf/fwf« which are c/;o/(7« to be Judga 
 at a ie^cf for a FUte ^ onely they rfually Bay in the 
 Standy that they may the -krfo- lee which Horfe wins 
 
 the ' eAt. 
 
 Now for rA/««/w^ for a P/^ff,there are not lo many 
 Observations to be made, nor more Dire^ions requir'd 
 than what have been already mentioned •, oiiely this^ 
 that if you hriow your Horfe to be tough at bottom^znd 
 that he whl/tickat ?yjarkj>^o ride him each Heat ac- 
 cording to the bcfi of his performance, and avoid as 
 much as pojuble either riding at any particular Horfe ^ 
 or i?4!^?«^ for any, but to ride each Heat throughout 
 with the befifpeed you can. 
 
 But if you have a very fiery Horfe to manage, or 
 dne that is /^.i?'^.»;<?^?/?V,and difficult to be heldy then 
 /^^rf behind the reft of the Horles with all the coolnefs 
 nnd gemlenefs imaginable^ and when you find your 
 Horle to begin to rids at fome command, then pnt up 
 to the other Horfes, and if you find they ride at their 
 Eafe, and are hard held, then endeavour to draw them 
 on fajter -, but if you find their Wtnd begin to rake hoy 
 and that they wane a Sob, if your oven Horfe be m 
 w?W, and you have a Loofeinyour hand, keep them 
 tip to their ffeed, till you come within three quarters 
 of ^ Mile of the Evd of the Heat; and then give a 
 Loofe.TindpuflAo^cn, and 'cave to Fortune Zhd. your 
 Horles Goodnefs the Event of your Succefs- 
 
 Many] 
 
JMsiny more RhUs there are which may not occur 
 at prcfent to my memory^ and others which I purpcfe- 
 ly omit ^ but thele may ierve the honeB Jockey^ and 
 for the others whxh rehte to Foul-pUy^ as crojfingy 
 hanging cn the Pvjis^ leaning on the other Hor[cman^ 
 yoking^ !^c. Idefirenotto injhuEi any one in them, 
 and could mfj that they might never be made ufe of, 
 but be wholly relwquijhd by all /^owi? Horfemen. 
 
 Laftly, when either your Huming-Aiatch^ or your 
 Tryalforthe Plate is ended,as Toon as you have rM^d 
 your Horfe dry^ you fhall cloath him upy and ride him 
 Liwf, where thefirft thing you give him fhailbethis 
 Drinkto com.fort him. 
 
 Take a Pint and a half of jweet Mlki ^nd put 
 three Tolkj oiEggs beaten into it ; then make it ///%- 
 voArm^ and put in three penny-worth of Saffrony and 
 three Spoonfuls of Salkt-oyl, and give it him in a 
 Horn. 
 
 When this is done drefs V\m flight ly over with 
 your Curry Comb^ Brujlj, and Woollen Cloth ; and then 
 bath the place where the Saddle flood with warm 
 Sackto prevent IVarbles ^snd voapj the Spnrring-places 
 with Pifs and Salt, and then afterwards annoint them 
 with THTpemine and Powder of Jet mix'd together ^ 
 and be furc let the i,table be very well Utter d; and 
 then c/o^r/? him up with all fpeed, and fo let him ^and 
 two hours. Then feed hira with Rye-bread, after 
 that with a very good Ma(Jj : then give him his Ilelly 
 /wZ^of i/*y,and what Com cr Bread he will eat. Then 
 hathe his Z>f/.f well with Vrine and Salt-peter, leave 
 him Torwinhis Locker, and fo let him rej} till the^^-.vr 
 Morning ^ at which rime order him as before dire^ed 
 in his days of Refi. 
 
 Thus I have impartsd to the Publick what my own. 
 
 Ex. 
 
98 ci^e l^unting'i^orfe. 
 
 Experienee has tanght me, relating to this part of 
 Horfemanfhip. I defire no Perfon to rely on it further 
 then they Ihall find it advamageom upon PraSiice and 
 Try at. If others more skilful would be as free to com" 
 wmicate their Ohfervmons on this Subjedl, this pro- 
 fitable part of A'wotvW^e might then perhaps be im- 
 provM to perfeBion.'thQ giving i Specimen was all that 
 is here defign'd. If the Reader finds any Error s^ he 
 is defir'd either to p<«r^o» or amend th^m. To thofe 
 that either know no ^^ff^r, orwantof^^r Helps^ this 
 poflibly may prove no tmweUome piece of Service. 
 
 ERR A TA, 
 
 P*«[. Tf./. i 9. f»r tot ye xd moot. p. ii.l. 22. for lyire r. lyard" p.! 
 at. /.?./«»• Dofer. Pofc. />. 4?'^.7'/'"'thatby r. that if by. p. 47. 
 /. x.for to feed bim^c. in fame copies , >•. him, and fo feed him by 
 little and little. p.^i.L 26. for Dale r. Pale, p, 7 3, /. I. for fo in« 
 liumanc) r. too inhumane ib, 1. 1. dele fo. 
 
 FINIS.