SPEC~M 0 525 .56 '3miUr\ Democracy and terms of peace. LIBRARYOF TH E VNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI DEMOCRACY and TERMSofPEACE AN OPEN LETTER TO THE F’EOPLE’S COUNCIL ‘*2’:-*\I?4%"%’ £9 By WILLIAM BENJAMIN SMITH Tulane University \ 513.0 0.5. THE NEW NORTHWEST °§° HISIOULA :: MONTANA co". ‘ ‘ r , 0 0* , 1. c c o .1. ‘ V‘ ."’ 9 .'». ' 4 -. I ‘ vs I 9 Q N 9 O ‘-9.. 0 . p, 0 - v~.¢ ‘v’ ‘ o _.. -. « ~ \ “Q0 o " Jvv 4. '3‘ o , I » f ., ,-_ _ _ -. an ‘QA ~ 4 "’ .I~ -4 , 3 5 a 1- ’ . u I )1’ /‘.'1' V .r\ f '7" I‘ 1 ¢\. ‘ Xe L») -(...',» “ K Democracy and Terms of Peace AN OPEN LETTER TO THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL C Gentlemen :—- Receive my uhanks for your “Address by Dr. J. L. Magnes,” which has been read and reread with care. Appreciating, if not sharing, your anxiety “to ‘bring about a serious discussion of war aims and peace terms,” I take advantage of your general request for opinions to subjoin some ubrief indications even at this late hour, having been - hindered hifiherto by preoccupations con-nected Owith a change of residence. Since in such grave ‘matters nothing is desired or profitable or in nqplace ‘but the utmost openness and directness of Tspeech, no apology seems needed for the frank- ‘ryness of what follows. 1. Some might indeed think it odd to feel so “anxious . . . about . . . war aims” after nearly three years of incessant goading by the enemy. Even as a “punitive expedition” the war- effort of the U. S. should be instantly understood by the high hearts that beat in the “People’s Council” and surely need not be told that Faith must be kept, that Humanity must be defended, that.Rights must be respected or enforced, that Wrongs must be redressed, that criminals must "be punished, and the stronger the criminal the greater need for punishment condign and for security against repetition of his crime. A People’s Coun- cilor will not scout such ‘war aims’ as ideal, for he knows that all history worth the making is the pursuit of just such ideals, and to renounce them or to fail to strive for them i-s- to fall out of the- race, to be stranded on the shores of time, to be “cast off as an abominable branch” from the tree of civilization. In this war the strength of Ger- many has dwelt in her reckless devotion. to certain Ideals that all we of fihe West reject, and we pro- 5§’83’74 fess in their stead the other ideals just named. But unless we are ready to fight, to suffer, and to die for these Ideals, our profession is vain, we are unworthy of our creed, and our Ideals must perish forever or be revived ‘by the travail of a nobler race. , Do you complain that such ‘war aims’ are -not definite? But they ARE definite, quite distinct enough to see and to fight for till they are won. When she foe is throttled, when he feels and knows and admits that the strangle-hold of the outraged law is no longer endurable, that he MUST yield and disgorge and repair and expiate and give bond for the future, then it will be time todefine and to specify further and to show generosity. The judge does not pass sentence while the outlaw is at large, hidi-n.g by day and ravaging by night. Until zh-e is caught and in the hands of Justice, it is premature and foolish to talk about his fine and how long he shall serve. Some may not like the parable, but it 's sufficiently exact, and only ignorance or pro—Ger'manity will think it unjust. Queer, then, is this ‘anxiety’ “about . . . peace terms” before we have really begun war! With what contempt must the Teutons regard a foe that declares war and instantly is “anxious to bring about serious discussion of peace terms” before ever firing a shot! No wonder they hold us in high disdain as a people sunk in ignominious money-getting tempered with sickly sentimentality, incapable of noble resolve or great endeavor, when they hear such clamoring for peace before the first taste of war. They think of Paris, who struteed forth gaily in front of the lines, brand- ishing two spears, but darted back and hid in; the ranks at first glimpse of Menelaos. 2. Coming now to the Address of the Rabbi. educated at Heidelberg and steeped in KULTUR, we find it quite unmistakable both in temper and in purpose. The former is thoroughly pro-Ger- ma-n.. Of course. not openly so. ‘Openness is in- deed the least failing of the pro-German. His fixed policy is to pose as a pacifist. As such he is far more efficient. The sight must move the —4——. inextinguishable laughter, if not the hot indig- nation, of the gods.—the spies. supporters, and paid apologists of the most war‘-like Government the earth has ever seen, that boasts itself “a nation in arms,” that systematically exalts war and despises peace, a Government under which the soldier is everything and the civilian nothing,— such men posing as apostles of peace! And as neutrals! Consider the protest of the “Citizens of the U. S. of America” “in the name of neu- trality,” "to prevent the export from'them of one single weapon.” Why? Solely because it ‘might work “a prolongation by our country of this hideous warfare.” Now since this export was for the Allies, this Protest is against giving them any chance wlh-atever to win, although “we recognize the fact that the export is legally permissible through private firms” (‘such is the remarkable English of these still more remarkable Ameri- cans!) Since the war is had these friends of peace want it stopped at once——by forbidding the Allies to buy means of defence and so forcing them to yield with the least resistance to the superior war-preparation of Germany! This is the infamy that the Pacifists have been promoting to the best of their ability. They hate war so intensely that they want the war-loving, war- making, war-worship-pin-g power to win an easy and complete victory as soon as possible! 'llhey insist that the powers that exerted themselves to the utmost to maintain peace. the people whose lands have been invaded and desolated, shall not be allowed to defend themselves even within the limits of the law; they must be forbidden to do what “is legally permissible,” that flhey may be crushed as soon as possible with the least possible I‘es’stance!! Such is the deliberate and persistent Droposal of the Pacifists, the lovers of “peace at any price,” the haters of courage, of devotion, of honor, and of every manly virtue. Human history does not show another proposal more stupid, more loathsome or infamously base; yet sudh has been the consistent attitude of Pacifism throughout this war. .___5_ 3. But you say, “what has that to do with the Address of Dr. Magnes”? .Much, every way. The Dr. is too shrewd to lay himself bar‘e like the “American Citizens Resident in Europe” (i. e. in Germany or Austria). Herein he is distinctly pro- German. I have read with eagerness every apol- ogy for Germany I could find, by wihomsoever written. from Harnack to Ridder, from the kaiser to the Rabbi. I HAVE NOT YET FOUND ONE INGENUOUS STATEMENT. Every one is dis- honest, written with intent in some way to de- ceive. It is the same along the whole line. The Austrian Minister Forgach was a proved forger (with intent to force Serbia into war). Bern- storff is a proved plagiarist of a most repulsive type. The German VV’hite Book falsifies atro- ciously by suppression; the huge official volume of testimony against Belgians exhibits the highest judges in Berlin distorting. misquoting and falsi- fying the words of the witnesses to which they appeal; the official war-dispatches are scandal- ously misleading. reporting (e.g.) the great Bat‘:le of the Mar-ne in the single statement “our right was bent back” (zurueckgebogen). The Central-s have entirely abjured every moral consideration and make their appeal solely to rutih-less falsehood and force. It is essential to bear this universal German habit in mind. as Well as the general atti- tude of the Pacifists, if we would understand the “Address of Dr. Magnes.” 4. That he is pro-German is plain from- the fact that he is leading in a movement that is heartily supported and furthered by pro-Germans and by few others. a movement that could ‘bring only failure and disaster to the Allies’ cause and loud-voiced triumph to the Teutons. It is vain to deny this. Gentlemen. You know perfectly well that any possible peace under present conditions would be hailed from Hamburg to Constantinople as a glorious victory of German arms and would secure for the Central powers nearly 90 per cent of what they started out to win by their delib- erately planned and deliberately executed rape of Belgium and attempted rape of France and de- _c,_ bauch of the Balkans. It is precisely because Dr. M. knows this so well that he is so eager for peace —a peace that would leave nine-tenths of this plunder in the hands of the robber. It is pre- cisely because true Americans as well as the Allies know this that they swear to fight on.e and all until the robber is beaten and humbled and made to disgorge his bloody spoils and taught for 300 years to come that Might is not always Right, that his Trinity of Force, Falsehood, and Fraud is not invincible, that crime does NOT in the long run PAY. Such are the “aims of the Allies.” 5. That Dr. M. is pro-German is clear from the whole tenor of his Address. VVhat single throb or flush of indignation therein against the in- numerable atrocities with which Germany has blackened her name forever? All of these he seems to regard with the composure of a La Follette, who dares to “move”.in the Senate that all chip in and pay Belgium for the destruction. wrought by Germany alone!! and that in cold- blooded violation of her most solemn pledge! Is it possible for anyone but a German partizan to listen with patien.ce to such an outrageous “reso- lution”? Yet Dr. M. and those about him rejoiced with exceeding great joy. It is clear then as the sun at noon that he is a kaiserite masking as a Pacifist. 6. As to the PURPOSE of Dr. M. and the whole movement he represents, there cannot be the shadow of a doubt. The purpose is to em- barrass the President and the whole Government in the conduct of the war, and to fulfill the avowed hope of Germany that America could and would play only a -negligible and contemptible part in the struggle—until peacemaking, when she might be mulcted heavily in fines payable to the Central Powers. A child can see that the activity of Dr. M. and his ilk can have no other issue than to compromise the allied campaign and if successful to impose on VVestern Europe a premature and disastrous peace. Dr. M. may not know it, but he will yet learn that the aim of the Allies and of all true Americans is to defeat Germany thor- _7_. oughly, to rescue her conquests from her unholy grasp, to shatter her dream of “VVorld—Dominion or Downfall,” to an«nul the kaiser’s avowed design to make “the German Empire as authoritative as ever the Roman was,” and to end for at least a century the perpetual menace of Prussianism and “a nation in arms.” The Allies u-n.derstand this, and unhyphenated Americans understand it. The hair-splitting of Dr. M. might honor a {high school debate but is not suited to the great argument of the hour. \Ve all know that President VVilson coined certain phrases, which some of us deeply deplored at the time, such as the ill-starred “Peace without victory.” But the President has grown wonderfully, and now lhis eyes see clearly, purged with euphrasy and rue. He perceives as distinctly now as even the Germans do, that “Peace without victory” to the Allies would be “Peace with vic- tory” to the Teutons and the death-knell of De- mocracy, a peace with victory to FORCE in'its foulest form. The President now discerns the need of a complete victory for an enduring peace, and it is the duty of every American to support his high resolve to win such a victory no matter what the cost. Earth is «no place for man under Force, Falsehood, and Fraud. 7. Dr. M.’s appeal to the Russian formula is entirely vain. He knows very well that those catchy phrases are designed solely to deceive; that the ruinous Russian agitation for peace is the work of German intrigue, of German agents, of German gold. He knows that all Western Russia is honey-combed wiflh German machination, with German-Russian traitors, with German spies. His praise of Russian Democracy is the merest twaddle. He knows that the Russian people have never yet spoken, that in fact they have no voice, that the wild Socialist extremists know nothing of real Republicanism, have hardly any capacity for self-government. and even more than the Socialists of \Vestern Europe and America dherish th‘e grossest utilitarian or even materialistic ideals. For the Allies and America to take the cue from the anarchistic, untrained, impractical, hare- _3__ brained one-per-cent of Russia’s populationjvould be inconceivable folly, would be political in a-nity. No ally wants any “forcible -annexation”; bu restoration of territory torn from France in 1871 is not “forcible annexation”; it is disannexation, the very late correction of “forcible annexation.” “No punitive indemnities” is nonsense. t is hard to think of a greater outrage or absurdity than to let the rape and ruin of Belgium go unredressed and unavenged. It would ‘be the apex of blas- phemy, a slap in the face of God. And who is to pay for reparation so far as reparation is possible? Shall Germany be allowed to spoil Belgium to the limit and then go scathless, gloating over her loot. while the Allies and America repair the ruin? Never! I ca-nnot see how an ally could calmly show himself to the sun, if he allowed the wrongs _of Belgium to go unredressed. Germany must fulfill the indiscreet word of the Chancellor Beth- mann-Hollweg and right the wrongs of the dese- crated country so far as money can avail. The -single case’ of Belgium is enough for our_ argu- ment. But the atrocities practiced on France, Serbia, Poland, Armenia have been ever fouler, crueler, and more ruinous, and it is impossible to feel any respect for the namby-pamby that can talk of “no i-ndemnities” in the presence of such unexampled iniquities that aim steadily and per- sistently at the complete extinction of wlhole nationalities. One feels that there is fearful truth in the definition of the psycho-analynsts; “sentimentality is repressed brutality,” but the repression in this case is far from complete. In nothing perhaps does the insolent cynicism of the Dro-German display itself more odiously than in the proposal endorsed by Dr. M. of “an inter- national assumption of the expense of recon- structing devastated areas in Europe, a large pro- Dortion to be borne by the United States in return for guarantees of future peace.” I know of noth- ing more impudent in "human writ. Remember, these “areas” have been “devastated” practically exclusively by the Central Powers and in great Dart merely wantonly, in honor of Klausewitz, to . _9__ break the moral power of the Allies by spectacles of unparalleled frightfulness. For all this amazing crime the PERPETRATORS are not to suffer as GUILTY at all; at most they are to pay back some small part of their loot and are reckoned as guiltless as any others! A bully knocks down, kicks. stamps_. disfigures, and robs an unoffending citizen; shall friends and neutrals gather round, gently persuade the ruffian to stop, and then take up a collection to restore the “devastated areas” of the unconscious victim? The force of infamy can no further go. Had Satan called the Pacifists to help in tempting Job, the result might have been altered. 8. And what are the “guarantees of future peace?” It is only mid-Europe, Germany with her satellites, that stands in the way of such peace. I)r. M. knows this perfectly well. Schemes of “\Vo'rld-Dominion or Downfall” are not to be thought of now in Petr'ograd or Paris, much less in London. It is ridiculous to talk of British designs on continental Europe. Berlin and Vienna are the only foci of world-ambitions. There only do they talk daily about free and unhampered de- velopment of empire and national life, which means the extension of German domination from the Baltic to the Persian Gulf, yea, to the East Indies, for the Germans do not hesitate to boast that they alone understand the brooding Oriental spirit and are the God-appointed apostles of Kultur to the Hindus. It is the kaiser, it is kaiserdom that alone can guarantee peace. But how? By treaty? But a treaty is only a scrap of paper that the German government tears up and tramples at will. By pledge of the kaiser? But will Dr. M. tell us when a Hohenzollern has kept his imperial or ‘is “Royal word” any longer than it was to his ad- vantage to do so. Has he not violated it as cynically as the interned German officers break their word of honor at their own convenience? I)oes not Treitschke teach that state pledges are good only while circumstances remain unchanged, that is. so long as self-interest approves? Does he not denounce the king that failed to break his __]_0__ oath to the State’s advantage? It is idle to talk of “guarantees of peace” while leaving them in the keeping of a Power by which they are utterly despised. 9. As to the “free development of all nations.” who knows better than Dr. M. that such words are the bitterest mockery so long as “peace with- out victory” is mumbled on the lips of hypocrisy? VVhat of Poland? Has he the least thought of free development for the Poles so sorely crushed and persecuted by Prussia? By no means! Or of the Czechs and Slavs and Croatians and others ground in the dust for centuries under the heel of German-Austrians and Hungarian nobles? Far from it! Or of Armenians well nigh exterminated by the gentle Turk enheartened by his Teuton ‘master? Never! None of these minor planets are visible thru the optic glass of Dr. M. He never hints them. But he is deeply concerned for “possessions held or dominated by our Allies. Ireland. India, Morocco, Persia, for instance.” It is for these fearfully afflicted “subject peoples and nationalities of the Entente as well; and not only those of Europe, but also those of Asia and Africa and America and of the Seven Seas, whatever be their religions or color.” He wants “peace based upon the free will of all the liberated democracies of all of Europe, of all of Asia, of all of Africa and of all the Americas.” VVith all due respect and admiration for I)r. M. it is hard to d3scern in his pages anything more than political clap-trap fitted for a VVard meeting or a stump speech at the cross—road-s. None knows better than he that he is merely trying to raise a cloud of dust or to dye the water black that he swims in. He ranges in one line side by side “the sub- ject peoples and nationalities of the Central powers” with those “of the Entente,” tho he knows full well they are as much alike as black and white, and he calls loudly for the liberation of all alike, as if there were the most perfect resem- blance instead of sharpest contrast and opposition between the cases of Ireland and of Prussian Poland! This may be highly pacific,_ but is it —-11-.- honest? Dr. M. call-s in effect for the dissolution of the British Empire as required by the principle of nationality, while never hitting the dissolution of the Austrian complex or the redemption of the peoples submerged under the Teuton inundation. Dr. M. knows thorouglhly well that the “subject peoples and nationalities” of the British Empire are not nationalities at all, nor ever had any national consciousness. He knows further that the British rule, though far from perfect and not always just or considerate, is on the whole benign and is aimed steadily more and more at the freest practicable development of the popular will and the gradual growth of national consciousness in self-governed political communities. In non- Caucasian independencies this process is slow and uncertain, but the British government is every year committed more firmly to its consistent and persistent encouragement. Exactly the reverse is the single and unalterable German-Austrian-Hum garian—Turkish policy, whose resolute aim is to crush, extinguish, annihilate a-s far as possible every sentiment of nationality, every feeling of racehood, to Germanize the whole public policy and machinery and vassalize the individuals into blindly obedient serfs of their «German overlord-3, “the nation of masters” (Herr nvolk). When Dr. M. names these exactly opposite tendencies and groups of “subject nationalities” in the same breath, he violates history and insults common sense. 10. Hardly less misleading is Dr. M.’s invo- cation of Kerensky. whose words are not at all in line with Pacifism save in his polic’e citation of the ill-fated phrase “peace without victory.” But Kerensky declares that “the world will find Rus- sian soldiers, Russian sailors and Russian working men lined up solidly befhind him (our President) in his desire to free the German people.” So say we all of us. But that was the 24th of April before Prussian treachery and German bribery had wrecked the military of the new republic, although any discerning eye could have espied the advancing ruin. Besides it is now purely academic if not positively silly to talk of “freeing the German people.” They do not want our democratic free- dom of equality; they prefer the Teuton brand, the freedom to “organize Europe” (Ostwald), to boss and exploit a dozen other nationalities and so counterpoise the petty tyranny of the Herr Lieutenant at home. B is willing to he subservient to A, if allowed to he insolent to 0. Besides, the Russians, intoxicate with the new wine of liberty, are in no way suited -to guide the councils of th-e- West. VV'hat nonsense to let the child lead the full grown man! Out of the moudh-s of babes and sucklings may be perfected praise, but surely not wisdom. The lamb-like Russian strokes the pur- ring Teuton tiger and thinks, “\Vhat a big and pretty pussy-cat! I see no teeth and no claws.” But Western Europe knows they are there, sharp and strong, cruel and bloody. Moreover the ca-se is not nearly the same on the two fronts. It is POSSIBLE that Republican Russia might find safety in its weakness. So the Pacifists seem to think and hope. Anarchistic, unarmed, disin-teg- rated Russia might be an object to Germany less of fear than of contempt. and a subject merely of commercial SDO_l__l_§1tiOIl. The giant inorganic amor- phous mass might suffer greatly only on the Western border, where the strong German ele- ment would know how to turn everything to Teuton account. Not so in the \Vest, where German aggression tlhreatens directly and for- midably the whole industrial life of France. Any yielding thereto, any compromise with Teuton en- croachment, seals the death sentence of French and English civilization. It is accordingly utterly senseless as well as heartless to flaunt Russian indifferenzism in the face of Western Europe locked in a death-grapple with its Mid-European foe. Lastly, Kerensky now perceives the trap into which Russia -would _fall by following the lure of Pacifism. He is reported as saying, “peace now would make us future vassals of the kaiser, which would be worse than being vassals of the Russian Tzar.” .__13._.. Z»; 11. Dr. M. declares, “VVe are undaunted in our cry and in our passion for peace, because we know how futile all war-s are, this one among them.” V/Vords, words, words! “W'.ide,” -says Homer. “is the range of words.” Was then the war of the Revolution. futile? The Pacifists seem indeed determined to make it so. Was our Civil ‘Var futile? The Spanish--American war? The Persian wars? The Punic? The war against Charles 1.? The victorious wars of the French Republic? And a hundred others? These wars were futile only in the sense that all human. ac- tivity, that all earthly history, is futile. If these things had not happened, some equivelant would have happened! But who knows what or how? They were all pha-ses of the universal spirit growth that we are pleased to call the march of civilization, and so far as we can judge, very im- portant phases. To call them futile is to toy with terms. As for “this war.” the Pacifists are doing their best to make it far from futile, to give it the most sinister and portentous -significance possible. They would have it prove to all the world and for all time that Might is Right, that Force is above and beyond Justice. t‘h-at Treaties may be spurned and oaths broken and humanity outraged in every conceivable fashion and all with impunity, if only you have the guns and the U-boats; that Truth and Honor are worthless and impotent and do not deserve that men -should fight and suffer and die in their defence. Such without any overstrain of epithet is the hideous doctrine that the Pacifists preach. which they busy themselves night and day to establish once for all, by balking all the efforts of the Allies and yielding to the (‘entrals all the fruits of a virtual victory and a “German Peace.” Such a doctrine is worse than any conceivable infidelity. it is treason against everything that is of beauty or dignity or value in human nature or ‘human life. Better there were no God at all than one that is weak and pitiable with none to serve him. Better there be no Truth, no Right, no loodness of any kind. no Ideals at all, than that all men should renounce their worship, should fold 598374 hands in a “passion for peace” while these ideals are scoffed and scorned, their altars insulted and their shrines profaned. A passion for war may very well be horrible and revolting and surely can find few apologists outside Germany, even tho “noble Achilles” may have “longed for the battle -and war-cry,” but a “passion for peace” is not necessarily virtuous; it may very well be slimy and loathsome, sensual and sybaritic, selfish and base. Peace is not in itself excellent, it is not one of the eternal values. At this point the Germans are right as against their pacifist friends. whom they use and despise. All sorts of iniquities, all brands of sins and sinners may thrive in the sun- shine of peace quite as well as under the clouds of war. The unctuous hypocrite, the artistic libertine, the grinding monopolist, the dishonest trader, the bloated food hog, the coal baron, the burglar, the wheat-king, the white slaver, the potato prince, the oppressor‘ of labor, the idle rich, the virtuoso of vice, all these and countless others no better, or worse, disport gaily in the beams of peace, which many prefer greatly to the lightnings of war. If the pacifist would only abate a little his “passion for peace” and arouse somewhat his zeal for Truth, for Justice, for Honor, for Righteousness, for any of the sturdy virtues that exalt and illumine human nature, he would expose himself to congratulations. There are indeed passionate peace lovers who indignantly deny they are pro-Germans, and some of them may be sincere. But the majority of such are openly or secretly ANTI-BRITISH. They hate England for her record in Ireland, which is at many points discreditable enough-, or for the smug onceit and self—sati-sfaction, not to say Phariseeism of her upper classes. which i-t is a merit of the war to have shattered and dispersed, or they have not forgotten the Revolution, or 1812. or 1861, or they dislike for Britannia to rule the waves and would like to see her humbled. They think the British Empire is much overgrown, they are tickled by the phrase “freedom of -the seas,” refusing to discern that it really means ‘Germany __15__ supreme on sea as well as on land,’ and they think the opportunity a good one to settle old scores and to clip the wings of the too wide-flying British Commerce. They forget entirely the debt of America to England’s centuries-long fight for freedom, and they ignorantly believe that not only American liberty but democracy itself was born and bred on the VVestern Coast of the Atlantic! 12. \Ve may deplore the blindness of such, but in the main the pacifist activity in America is like the “Address of Mr. M,” it is a distinctly pro- German propaganda, merely masking under many harmless names, and -all the more harmful there‘ for. It may not be that every pacifist is a pro‘ German, but we may be sure that every pro’ German is a pacifist, at least outwardly. What 21 queer half transformation! The “mailed fist” in Germany becomes :1 pacifist in America! But whatever may be the motive, whatever the intention of the peace agitation among us, con’ cerning the working and the tendency, there call be no doubt whatever. That working is ruinous‘; ii palsies the hands of the President and Congresfl and the military at large; it disheartens our Allies; it encourages our enemies; it gives them aid and comfort in the most effective form. However pure and holy and patriotic its purpose, its actual effect is that of treason, open, naked and unashamed. The peace propagandis':s are fighting for Germany and against the U. S. far more efficiently thanif they gaere in the trenches before Rig-a or Verdun. Some ay we‘ may awake to this rea1ization——when it will be too late. It may be well to wear a silken glove on an iron hand, but not a mitt paddeda foot thick with down. Consciously or uncon»sci— ously, it matters not which, the activities of peace promoters are directed invariably towards the triump'hA of the Teutons. the defeat of the Allies. the dishonor and humiliation. of the United States. and the disastrous eclipse of the principles of Humanity and Freedom that have long been our national glory and our national boast. VVILLIAM BENJAMIN ' SMITH, (Tulane Univer-sity.) ....16_. DUE RETURNED I-‘arm VNA 578374 uunnvouuu-cuunu ELLSPCMOSPEC-M . —, - ‘a .. v .r»..-.,. ,« .4-