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SIXTH ARTICLE

MISSOURI AND THE WAR

PUBLISHED BY

THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY
OF MISSOURI

COLUMBIA, MISSOURI

 

 

By FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER

1919

MISSOURI AND THE WAR.
SIXTH ARTICLE.

FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER.

MIssoUR1’s WAR GOVERNOR.
FREDERICK D. GARDNER.

On the evening of the 25th of April, 1917, 10,000 Mis-
sourians were assembled in the Coliseum in St. Louis. With
that date began the activity of Governor Frederick D.
Gardner as Missouri’s War Executive. The meeting was
an American loyalty rally. The nerves of the Nation were
tense. Three days before, Congress had assembled in special
session and had been addressed by President Wilson. The
President had asked Congress to declare war. The meeting
in the Coliseum was hourly expecting word that the United
States Senate had adopted the war resolution. The word
came that night but the 10,000 St. Louisans had acted more
quickly than the Senators and had already given voice to
their patriotism.

On the stage of the Coliseum were Governor Gardner
and Mayor Kiel, the uniformed colonels of the Governor's
staff and a number of women including Mrs. Gardner and

(3)

AS1679

4 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

Mrs. Kiel, besides officers of the First Regiment and other
military bodies. Resolutions prepared by eminent citizens
of St. Louis were handed Governor Gardner. These reso-
lutions were read by the Governor:

“The citizens of St. Louis, in mass meeting assembled, unani-
mously and unreservedly make public this declaration:

“We stand for the honor of our flag, for the rights of Ameri-
cans on sea and on land, and in full protection of everyone of
those rights, and to that end are in favor of immediate and com-
pulsory universal military service and adequate means to secure,
when the war shall end, lasting world peace.

“We stand with the President of the United States and his
counselors in every efiort of his to safeguard our country’s honor
and to defend the rights of our people.

“Partisanship sinks out of sight in the face of a national
danger.

“We have but one country, one flag, one purpose.

“May God defend and keep our beloved United States of
America.”

The Governor called for votes in favor of the adoption
of the resolutions. There was a great torrent of “ayes”
from all parts of the building.

“The resolutions are adopted,” the Governor declared. “This
is no time jor slackers, copperheads or soft pedalists. If there are any

such among us, it is out duty to drive them out and brand them as
traitors.”

The next day, on the 6th of April, 1917, at 1:13 P. M.,
President VVilson issued the proclamation declaring, “That
a state of war existed between the United States and the
Imperial German Government.”

On April 9th the Secretary of War addressed a letter
to the State Governors asking for the establishment of State
Councils of Defense. Just three days later Governor
Gardner issued his first war proclamation, calling a War
Conference of Missouri cities and organizations at Jefferson
City on April 23, 1917. The proclamation reads in part
as follows:

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 5

“Whereas, The United States is now at war with a foreign

enemy, and
“Whereas, It is conceded that the greatest problem confront-

ing the United States will be the question of food supplies, for

both the army and nation;

“Therefore, as Governor of this State, I call upon the bankers
and those who have money to loan to perfect arrangements where-
by every pair of willing hands in the State of Missouri may be
furnished money on long time at low rate of interest, for the

purpose of securing seeds, machinery and teams.
“The crisis confronting our State a11d Nation is the most

critical in our history. It is time for every loyal and patriotic
Missourian to make some sacrifice.”

This was one of the first war proclamations issued by
a State Governor after April 6, 1917. Missouri was again
to stand foremost in patriotism. On April 9th. the first
food conference in the United States had been held in St.
Louis, now Missouri was to hold the first State \’Var Con-
ference in the Nation.

The War Conference of April 23rd in Jefferson City
was attended by 500 representatives from every walk of
life and business in the State. In his address before the
body, Governor Gardner said in part:

“History will repeat itself in showing that the burden of
war will be placed on the shoulders of the farmers. If this war
is to be won it must be won by the work of the American farmers.

“As Chief Executive of this State, I now wish to repeat that
which I have formerly said, that so far as the people of Missouri
are concerned, from North to South, from East to West, we stand
regardless of race, creed or color, united and inseparable——one and all
for our nation and our flag forever.”

To prove that the Governor's interest in food production
was not merely academic, Mrs. Gardner took the 500 dele-
gates to the back yard of the Executive Mansion and with
her hoe showed them how she was cultivating a garden
which would supply food for the executive family all year.

The next day, April 24th, Governor Gardner announced
the creation of the Missouri Council of Defense together

6 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

with the personnel of that body. Dean F. B. Mumford,
of Columbia, was appointed chairman.

Missouri was practically the first state after the declara-
tion of war to hold a War Conference and create a State
Council of Defense. It was also the first to inaugurate the
plan of organizing county and township councils. The
first meeting of the Council of Defense was held in St. Louis
on April 28, 1917, and the last on January 31, 1919. During
the twenty-one months of its existence the Council held
nineteen meetings and during this time it was, in the words
of Governor Gardner, “The supreme authority of the
Commonwealth in relation to the State’s duty to the Nation
during the entire period of the VVar.” The great work of
this organization will live in history. It was the head of
the State’s war activity. It organized Missouri in defense
of the Nation. A summary of its activities would fill a
volume. Its 12,000 members reached every hamlet in the
State. Missouri’s rise from rank fourteen in the value of
all crops in 1916 to rank five in 1917, was due largely to
Missouri’s Council of Defense. The Missouri Council was
not so well supported financially as many other councils
were. It had available only $100,000 and spent only
$76,086.47, including $7,339.67 for the Woman's Division,
still it was officially rated as a class “A” council. Only
eight other State Councils won that distinction, and not
one of these had an appropriation under $1,000,000. Three
causes contributed to this remarkable success of the Missouri
Council of Defense: The high personnel of the Council
selected by Governor Gardner; the eminent qualifications
of Dean Mumford, who, as State Food Administrator,
secured efficient cooperation between the workers of the
Council and the members of the Food Administration; and
the unselfish support of the patriotic citizens of Missouri.

Governor Gardner not only promoted the work of the
Missouri Council of Defense but he was equally aggressive
in securing the organized cooperation of the women of Mis-
souri. The Missouri Division of the VVoman’s Committee,

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 7

Council of National Defense, was organized in St. Louis on
May 28, 1917. Mrs. Philip N. Moore, of St. Louis, a member
of the National Woman’s Committee, was sponsor for the
organization. Mrs. B. F. Bush, of St. Louis, was elected
chairman.

This body of patriotic Missouri women did a work for
the State and Nation that was of the highest service. By
proclamation of Governor Gardner issued on July 7, 1917,
over 300,000 Missouri women signed the Hoover Food
Pledge on “Missouri’s Patriotic Day, July 28, 1917.”

Missouri’s War Governor was awake to the needs of
the hour. He realized the Nation’s war burden, he vivified
in himself and his family the patriotism of a loyal American
citizen. His son, William K. Gardner, a freshman in the
University of Missouri, became a member of the University
unit of the American Ambulance Field service as early as
May 14, 1917. Both in making patriotic appeals to others
and in giving financial assistance to the many war organiza-
tions of the State, Governor Gardner stood in theory and
in fact as the War Executive of Missouri.

When the date was set by the National Government
for mustering the Missouri National Guard into Federal
Service (August 5, 1917), the Governor appreciated the
need of some organization to guard the peace of the State
against internal disturbances. He accordingly issued a
proclamation on July 17, 1917, for the organizing of Home
Guards. By January 1, 1919, the total strength of the
Missouri Home Guard had grown to 7,529.

In the administration of the selective law, Lieuten-
ant James H. McCord was ordered by the War De-
partment to assist the Governor. This entailed a vast
amount of work. How well this work was done may be
judged from the fact that 765,045 men were registered,
each and every order for quota was filled, not a man failed
to entrain. And in all this stupendous work, embracing
166 local and five district boards, not a serious complaint
was made of political influence or favoritism.

8 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

From April, 1917, to December, 1918, Governor Gardner
issued twenty-two proclamations. Of these, nineteen re-
lated entirely to the war and two others related largely
to it. Following is a list of these proclamations: '

PROCLAMATIONS ISSUED BY GOV. GARDNER, 1917-1918.

4-12-1917. “VVar Conference of Missouri Cities and
Organizations at Jefferson City,” April 23, 1917.

5-21-1917. “Liberty Bond Day,” May 25, 1917.

5-22-1917. “Military Registration Day,” June 5, 1917.

6-11-1917. “Flag Day,” June 14, 1917.

6-11-1917. “American Red Cross Week,” June 18-24,
1917.

6-23-1917. “Navy V1/eek,” July 1-7, 1917.

7-7-1917. “Mo. Patriotic Day——Registration of Mis-
souri VVomen for Hoover Food Pledge,” July 28, 1917.

7-17-1917. “Missouri Home Guard Proclamation.”

10-16-1917. “Liberty Loan Day,” October 24, 1917.

10-16-1917. “Boys’ Day and Big Brother Day,” Oc-
tober 28, 1917.

10-29-1917. “Educational Food Conservation Pledge
Week,” October 28 to November 4, 1917.

11-7-1917. “Missouri Y. M. C. A. War Fund Week,”
Begin Nov. 11, 1917.

11-10-1917. “Thanksgiving Day,” November 29, 1917.

12-12-1917. “Red Cross VVeek,” December 17-23, 1917.

1-3-1918. “Missouri's First Centennial Day,” Jan-
uary 8, 1918.

1-23-1918. “Junior Red Cross,” February, 1918.

5-11-1918. “Red Cross VVeek,” May 20-27, 1918.

6-18-1918. “Day of Prayer and Fasting,” May 20, 1918.

6-4-1918. “VVar Savings Day,” June 28, 1918.

6-6-1918. “Flag Day,” June 4, 1918.

9-27-1918. “Fourth Liberty Loan,” September 28,
1918.

11-21-1918. “Thanksgiving Day,” November 28, 1918.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 9

Nor did Governor Gardner forget the services of those
patriotic Missouri Women who had helped to bear the
burden of war. In his message to the F iftieth General
Assembly of Missouri, of January 10, 1919, he said:

“I call your attention to the question of equal suffrage. If
any reason for doubt has existed in the mind of any citizen of this
State that the Wives and mothers were entitled to the ballot, their
glorious inspiration and the patriotic work they have performed
during this War must have dispelled that doubt. Let us give the
women of Missouri the right of the franchise at the earliest possible
moment. I suggest that you memorialize the Congress urging the
submission of the Amendment to the Federal Constitution provid-
ing for equal sufirage. This is but simple democratic justice and
should not be delayed.”

Significant is the fact that exactly two years to a day
after Governor Gardner presided at the loyalty rally in the
St. Louis Coliseum, he signed the VVoman Sufirage Bill in
his executive office in the State Capitol at 1:40 o’clock,
Saturday, April 5, 1919.

Earnestly and truthfully had Missouri’s War Governor
attempted to bear out his statements of April 23, 1917,
when he opened the Missouri VVar Conference in these
prophetic words:

“As Chief Executive of this State, I now wish to repeat that
which I have formerly said, that so far as the people of Missouri
are concerned, from North to South, from East to West, we stand

regardless of race, creed or color, united and inseparable——one and all
for our Nation and our flag forever.”

A MISSOURI WELCOME WORTHWHILE.

“Now let me preach a little sermon. When the boys come
back remember that brass bands and ice cream ar-2n’t the only
things to a real welcome. Get busy and do something worthy-
provide each returning soldier with a job and make it a 10%
increase in pay for services abroad. Do that and let the boys
over there know that you are going to do that.”—Maj. Gen. Peter
E. Traub, Commander 35th Division.

The advice of Maj. Gen. Traub was taken seriously in
Missouri. This State can well be as proud of her record in

IO MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

welcoming her boys at home as she was of her record in sup-
porting them abroad. A Missouri welcome means more than
flowers and functions and triumphal arches. It includes these
as that outward manifestation of honor and pride. But, it
goes deeper. The Missouri welcome in 1919 was an
open ovation and an open declaration of obligation. Bands

and banquets there were, and marches and processions and o

speeches and dances—all given in the joy and enthusiasm of
a people to whom their dearest treasures had returned. On
the same page of the evening and morning press that heralded
these, however, there also appeared in cold black type,
modestly but plainly set forth, another kind of welcome——
one that will live when the other will be only a cherished
memory. -

The return this spring of those divisions largely Mis-
sourian, as the 35th and 89th, called forth supplement “Home
Coming” editions in the St. Louis newspapers. These Were
interesting, historical accounts of Missouri troops. All
business joined in the welcome. Industrial firms took a
page, extending a hearty homecoming to the heroes. Some
of these pages were significant. They should be treasured as
expressive of a Missouri welcome worthwhile:

“ Your job awaits you,” was the welcome extended by the
Rice-Stix Dry Goods Company to the 35th Division in St.
Louis in May.

“Your old position with our company awaiting you,”
was the welcome of the Ely Walker Dry Goods Company.

“Every one of you who left this store to take up arms in that
dark hour when our country needed brave men, will find a hearty
welcome—and your job——waiting you,” was the greeting of
praise and promise held out by the F amous-Barr Company.

“For all employees who left this company to enter the service
of their country, a BETTER position than the one they left
awaits them,” runs the full page greeting of the Acme Cement
Plaster Company.

“Buddy, come back to your good old job, seems like the
BEST welcome we can offer you,” enjoined the Statler Hotel,

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 11

‘ Hoyt Metal Co., Best Clyner Mfg. Co., H. Worthington

Eddy, and the Warren Steel Casting Company.

“Say Buddy, want your job back? It is here in St. Louis
waiting for you,” promised the Illinois Traction System.

“Over six hundred big St. Louis business institutions have
pledged themselves to give jobs to their returning soldiers. Be
of good cheer. St. Louis will take care of her own. We've
gone over the top with you in every phase of this man's war, we’ll
not disappoint you now. Come back to your jobs. Welcome
home,” was the contribution of St. Louis business.

These have been selected as typical of that higher,
honorable, truly patriotic position taken by those business
firms of the State that were willing and were desirous of making
a welcome home worthwhile to the heroes of the war. Mis-
souri’s record in the Liberty Loans will long be remembered,
her response to humanitarian war campaigns will live, her full
co-operation in industry, mining and agriculture will be set
forth in the large tomes of government reports, histories will
appear on Missouri divisions, rosters will be printed, monu-
ments will be erected to the State's honored dead, but there
will also be the memory, proudly cherished by hundreds of
employers and by thousands of employees, of this Missouri's
Welcome Worthwhile.

89TH DIVISION-—“A. E. F. F.”

Altho there is honor sufficient for each of the thirty-two

a grand combatant divisions of the A. E. F., competitive debates

for highest credit have already been heard in the camps
“over-there" and in the corner stores at home. Of course a
unanimous verdict will never be reached. The bias of the
judges and the brevity of life, prevent such a settlement.
The records of the War Department, the notes from the men,
the citations of the generals, the reports of correspondents,
casualty lists and honor rolls, may, however, force an extra
unofficial letter-abbreviation- to the “A. E. F.” or that final
“F” will be popularly interpreted Fighters instead of Force.
British and French officers while denying that our boys are

12 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

Soldiers in the sense of having caution in attack, are quite
frank in calling them fighters. Even the tiger men from
Australia, who early gained the reputation among both friends
and foes of being especially strong-armed and ungentle in
battle, said that the Americans were a little “rough.” The
A. E. F. in France was more accurately the A. E. F. F.——-
“American Expeditionary Fighting Force.” And the 89th
Division has been dubbed the “Fighting 89th.” The other
divisions will not yield the 89th first place of honor in this war
but all are willing to concede it an equal among the first.

Each state has ever had some one or two military organi-
zations whose careers were cherished with special pride.
Other war bodies may have accomplished as much, may have
suffered even more, may have served longer with loyalty as
steadfast, but somehow they did not catch the popular
imagination and retain the people's memory. Missouri has
cherished the exploits of Doniphan and his “Army of 1,000
Missourians” for nearly three quarters of a century. The fame
of their Expedition to Mexico, 1846-7, is greater today than
ever and is growing and increasing each year. This is also
true with almost equal accuracy regarding Shelby’s Brigade.
No more daring and courageous body of cavalry is met with
in the Civil War. We venture that the “Fighting 89th"
and the “Brave 35th” will be remembered in history and in
story along with these two famous bodies of Missourians of
the last century.

The story of the 89th is the story of one of the most
successful divisions in the American army in France. This

resume of interesting facts about the 89th gives some idea of
its remarkable career:

Called the Middle West Division.

Organized and originally commanded by Major-General
Leonard Wood.

Drafted from the States of Missouri, Kansas, South Dakota,
Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona.

Oficers chiefly from those same States and most of them gradu-

ates of the Fourteenth Provisional Training Regiment, Fort
Riley, Kansas.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 13

The 89th Division was organized August 25, 1917, at Camp
Funston, Kansas.

Fought at St. Mihiel in first All-American drive on western
front.

Fought at Argonne—Meuse, last battle of the war.

Was part of the Army of Occupation in Germany.

The first division to move from training area to the front by
truck.

The first division to enter the line without previously having
been brigaded with French or British troops.

The first division to be continuously in the front line for more
than eight Weeks.

The first National Army division to participate in a major
operation.

The first National Army division to enter Germany.

The record of the 89th up to the signing of the armistice
was as follows:

It ranked second among the thirty-two combatant divisions
in the number of officer prisoners, the number being 192.
It ranked third in taking 4,869 soldier prisoners.

It ranked second in capturing 127 artillery guns and fourth in
taking 455 machine guns.

It ranked fifth in advancing 48 kilos.
It ranked fourteenth in sufiering 8,813 casualties——1,4l9

battle deaths, and 7,394 wounded—being 3 % of the total casualties
of the American army.*

It ranked thirteenth in being awarded 97 D. S. C’s.
It received 8 citations.

It tied with the 30th Division for first rank in receiving 7 of
the first 47 Congressional Medals of Honor awarded.**

It obtained the highly creditable low rank of twenty-fourth in

having only one officer and only twenty-four of its men being
taken prisoners.

*The 2nd Division stood first in suffering 25,076—4,419 battle deaths and

20,657 wounded. The total sacriflce of the United States on the battlefield
was 286,044———48.909 battle deaths and 237,135 wounded.

**Other reports give the 30th. ten Congressional Medals. The 30th Divi-
sion, called “Old Hickory Division," was composed of the National Guard
troops from Tennessee, North and South Carolina—-the Southern mountain
states. It attacked the famous Hindenburg line on Sept. 26, 1918, and won
the honor of being the first American division to break thru that line on Sept.

29th. It received highest praise from Gen. Pershing and from the British
commanders.

14 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

The Missouri hero of the 89th who received one of the
seven Congressional Medals of Honor, was Pvt. Charles D.
Barger, of Stotts City. One other of the seven was Pvt.
Jesse N. Funk, who was born in Harrison County, Missouri,
but whose present address is in Colorado. Another Missouri
member of the 89th whose deeds of remarkable bravery formed
one of the “100 best stories of the War,” is Sergt. Arthur
Forrest, of Hannibal. The Colonel of his regiment has asked
that a Congressional Medal be awarded Forrest.

With such a record the homecoming of the 89th was a
Roman triumphal procession. Honor was justly accorded its
return. These messages of greeting from the State's Chief
Executive and Missouri’s highest military officials truly
express the pride of Missouri and neighboring states in the
“Fighting 89th :”

GOV. GARDNER’S ME SAGE TO THE 89TH DIVISION.

As the mother today folds to her bosom her brave soldier son;
as the father embraces his boy; as the loving wife realizes that her
husband has been restored to her, and as brothers, sisters, sweet-
hearts and friends are once more made happy, we rejoice and bid
you welcome.

You are essentially a part of America's great army of democ-
racy. Under the stars and stripes on the battlefield you added new
glory and new laurels to the fame of your forefathers. It was yours
to win undying glory as the defenders of liberty and freedom. Your
names will ever be enshrined in the hearts of the people with those
of the nation's benefactors. Memorials of stone and bronze will
be erected to commemorate the heroic deeds of yourselves and your
fallen comrades.

As a united and grateful people we pay homage to you today.
In the name of your beloved state, and in the name of those who
have followed you in thought and prayed for you, and have waited
patiently for your return, I, with an overflowing heart, welcome
home the now famous 89th Division of the Third Army of the
United States.

Frederick D. Gardner.

GEN. CLARK’S SALUTE.

To the Oflicers and Men of tlhe 89th Division:
The people of Missouri can never find words or means to ex-
press their pride in your achievements and the depth of their grati-

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 15

tude and appreciation of the heroic part you have played in this
war. The record you have made on the battlefields of Europe is
an answer to the advocates of professional militarism who have in
the past disparaged the worth of the civilian soldier.

Recruited from the ranks of the people of the Middle West, in
whose veins flows the purest American blood, your division exem-
plifies the matchless efiiciency of the citizen soldier. It is but the
statement of a conceded fact that the record made by the 89th
Division has never been surpassed by any troops in any army
in the world. Missouri contributed more of her sons to this division
than any other State, and she welcomes them home with inex-
pressible pride and joy.

Harvey C. Clark,
Adjutant General.

COL. MCCORD TO THE 89TH DIVISION.
To the Men of the '89th Division:

I have followed your actions from the time you were called into
service. Selected, as you were, you represented the best the country
could offer. Because of my close association with your selection, I
feel that I am one of you. You went overseas prepared to respond
to anything asked of you. Your record shows that much was
demanded, and that you responded nobly, performing thoroughly
and efliciently every task assigned to you.

I heartily join with my fellow Missourians in welcoming you
home and I congratulate you upon your achievements. Your
deeds were such as to bring you undying fame and glory, which
you will leave to your beloved State as a heritage for posterity.

J. H. McCord,
Lieutenant Colonel, Executive Offi-
cer, S. S. L., for Missouri.

After the signing of the armistice and the occupation of
the Western German posts, the 89th looked around for new
laurels to crown its final efforts in foreign lands. Having little
significance to the historian but of vital concern to the thirty-
two American divisions abroad was the football championship.
Here again the 89th won first honors over all contestants.

When Maj. Gen. William M. Wright was requested before
a convention of thousands in St. Louis to describe the work of
the 89th, instead of pronouncing a panegyric on unsurpassed
bravery he bowed his head in thought and slowly and seriously
answered in these few words:

“They fought like hell.”

16 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

35TH DIVISION.

GOVERNOR GARDNER’S GREETING.

To the Oflicers and Men of the 35th Division:

In the name of the people of Missouri, in the name of the fathers
and mothers, the wives, sweethearts and friends, and with an over-
flowing heart, I bid you a glad and joyous welcome home.

Since the day you left the homeland our thoughts and our
prayers have followed you. During the darkest days of the war,
when you were called upon to turn back the best divisions of the
German Army, we had full confidence that victory would crown
your efforts. Our expectations have been more than fulfilled.
You have added new laurels and new glories to the record of the
State and nation. You have honored all of us.

In the great battle of the Argonne, through a rain of shells and
the roar of cannon, for days you followed the old flag and won
undying fame. We mourn your fallen comrades. The recollection
of their noble deeds and the sacrifice of their young lives dries our
tears, mellows our hearts and removes the sting of bitterness from
our grief. To you we bid welcome, thrice welcome home.

Frederick D. Gardner,
Governor of State of Missouri.

ADJ. GEN. CLARK’S GREETING.

To the Officers and Men of the 35th Division:

When with heavy heart I said goodby to my old command I
knew that when the supreme test came upon the field of battle you
would measure up to the full standard of that hero of heroes, the
American civilian soldier, and that you would bring undying glory
to your State. Words are too feeble to pay tribute to your match-
less gallantry, your heroic achievements. The citizen-soldiery of
Missouri and Kansas have met and beaten, against overwhelming
numbers and in the insuperable obstacles, the picked professional
soldiery of the greatest military machine. And through it all your
bearing has been that of soldiers in the fullest meaning of the term.
No Missouri or Kansas National Guardsman has been called upon
to explain; not one among your own officers or men has felt the
sting of conscience or been pointed out by the finger of accusation.
Your record is clear; your accomplishments beyond words to tell.
Your modesty has been that of brave men. Those who boast in
vain glorious speech are not of your number. Your deeds speak for
themselves and you fear not that history will record the real heroes
of this war. The casualty lists bear mute testimony to the state-

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 17

ments that the Missouri and Kansas officers led their men and that
the men followed with grim determination their officers with a
devotion which speaks the comradeship of the civilian-
soldier.

Many of you have been cited for acts of rarest courage beyond
the call of duty; others, full deserving, have been overloked, as
goes the fortune of war. But to your States you are all heroes;
all have rendered distinguished service and to each will be given a
bit of bronze, poor in intrinsic worth, but rich in its significance of
the love and gratitude and pride of the people of Missouri. With
it goes the pledge that they will never forget you or fail to show their
appreciation of those who fought and suffered and died in this war.
God pity a people who could forget.

My tears of joy and pride as I greet you on your triumphant
return are mingled with tears for those who have not come back.
When I miss the faces of those who have fallen my sorrow is that
which only comes to men who have served together in the field.
You know and understand. I cannot say more.

H. C. CLARK,
Adjutant General, State of Missouri.

The sentiment expressed in these homecoming greetings
of Governor Gardner and Adj. General Clark are so tender and
true that all Missourians will bear it witness. Proud as
Missouri is of the “Fighting 89th,” she takes equal honor and
pride in her “Brave 35th.” Arriving in France on May 11,
1918-—a month and ten days before the 89th—this division
played a most important part in securing victory for American
arms. Altho its record in figures is perhaps not so striking as
that of the 89th, the career of the 35th will ever be honored.
Moreover, in casualties——that severest of all tests on the
field of battle-—it suffered more than its companion division.

Its record down to the signing of the armistice was:

It tied with one division for seventeenth rank among thirty-two
combatant divisions in capturing 13 ofiicers.

It ranked twentieth in capturing 768 men.

It ranked fifteenth in capturing 24 artillery guns.

It ranked nineteenth in capturing 85 machine guns.

It ranked twenty-first in advancing 121/; kilos. (Gen. Per-
shing said that there were places in the line where an advance of 1
kilo meant greater sacrifice and greater advantage than resulted in
an advance of 25 kilos in other places. The 35th held one of these

2

18 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

important positions and its high casualty list is mute evidence of
the cost paid to advance even slowly.)
It ranked eleventh in having 12,605 replacements.

It ranked seventh in suffering a loss of 4 officers and 165 men.

being taken prisoners.

It ranked eighteenth in suffering 7,854 casualties-—960 battle
deaths and 6,894 Wounded.

Of the first 47 Congressional Medals awarded, 2 were given to
men of the 35th—Capt. Alexander R. Skinker (deceased), of St.
Louis, and Nels T. Wold, of McIntosh, Minn.

The records available regarding war honors in D. S. C’s.
presented are constantly changing. Sources equally reliable (or
unreliable) state that the 35th received from 17 to 47 D. S. C’s.

When the 35th was in France last Winter, their com-
manding officer, Major-General Peter E. Traub, suggested
that each man give a franc, 20 cents, from his October or
November pay, to aid the destitute French widows and
orphans in their section. Many of the American boys gave
a 5-franc bill and the total amount raised was 40,000 francs
$8,000. VVhen the distribution was made each widow with
two children received about 75 francs, $15.00, enough to
set the family ahead for a month or more in its battle with
hunger.

Adjutant General H. C. Clark has contributed to the
Review this valuable sketch relating to the 35th and other
Missouri troops with the A. E. F.:

“The National Guard of Missouri, consisting of 14,756 officers
and men, and the Kansas National Guard, comprise the 35th Divi-
sion. The division went to France in April and was stationed in
the Vosges sector in the front line trenches. It participated in the
capture of St. Mihiel sector in the early part of September and led
the American advance in the Argonne forest battle of September
26-29 inclusive. Its casualties in this latter battle were very great.
Many of its officers and men were decorated with the croix de
guerre and were cited in orders for exceptional gallantry in action.
This division, the 27th division (New York National Guard),
the 26th division (New England National Guard), the 30th divi-
sion (Tennessee and North and South Carolina National Guard)
and the 32nd division (Michigan and Wisconsin National Guard)
have been commended by the French and British field commanders
as the best divisions in the American Expenditionary Forces.

“The Missouri National Guard organizations serving in this
division are the 1st Missouri Infantry and the 5th Missouri In-

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 19

fantry consolidated and designated as the 138th Infantry; the 3rd
Missouri Infantry and the 6th Missouri Infantry consolidated and
designated as the 140th Infantry; the 4th Missouri Infantry and the
3rd Kansas Infantry consolidated and designated as the 139th
Infantry; the 1st Missouri Field Artillery designated as the 128th
Field Artillery; the 2nd Missouri Field Artillery designated as the
129th Field Artillery; the 1st Missouri Engineer Battalion desig-
nated as the 110th Engineers; the 1st Missouri Field Hospital and

the 2nd Missouri Field Hospital and the 1st Missouri Ambulance

Company and the 2nd Missouri Ambulance Company, designated
as the 110th Sanitary Train; the 1st Missouri Motor Battalion
designated as the 110th Ammunition Train.

“One unit of the Missouri National Guard, the Missouri
Signal Battalion of Kansas City, is with the Rainbow Division.
It will be recalled that this division was organized immediately
after the call of the troops into service and went across in October,
1917. The Rainbow Division (42nd) is made up of National
Guard organizations from 26 States, the purpose being to give each
state representation in the first division to go across. It made a
wonderful record from the day it struck France and I believe is
generally regarded as the best division of the army. The com-
manding officer of our battalion, Major Garrett, was promoted to
the rank of Lieutenant Colonel for gallantry in action. The division
has participated in perhaps 20 battles. Colonel Garrett has furn-
ished me, from time to time, with detailed accounts of the service
of this division.

“The Missouri drafted men who went out under the first call
are in the 89th division. The drafted troops did not, of course,
go across as early as the National Guard and hence were not in
the earlier actions. This division, however, was in the front lines
after the St. Mihiel fight and has made a splendid record.”

MISSOURI AND THE SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM.

Provost Marshall General E. H. Crowder has recently
issued his second report to the Secretary of VVar.1 This report
covers the operations of the three national registrations under
the Selective Service System to December, 1918.2 It is a

1An analysis of Gen. Crowder's First Report is set forth in the Mis-
souri Historical Rcview, Vol. XII, No. 1,, pp. 248-251.

=The first registration, pursuant to the act of May 18, 1917. took place
on June 5, 1917. The second registration. pursuant to the joint resolution of
Congress of May 20. 1918, took place on June 5, 1918. On August 13, 1918.
the President issued a proclamation requiring a supplemental registration on
August 24, 1918, under authority given him by the joint resolution of May 20,
1918. The third registration, pursuant to the act of August 31, 1918, took
place on September 12, 1918. Report. pp. 22-26.

20 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

monumental work of 607 pages. Its statements, figures,
charts and tables, are so many and are so condensed that
few persons have seemingly had the courage to analyze them.
It is regrettable that the information it contains has not had
a wider and a more popular dissemination in the press and
from the platform. The report gives full data on all of the
states relative to this subject. Being official, it is authorita-
tive. It is, of course, statistical, but an examination of its
figures and application of these figures to Missouri are inter-
esting, instructive and valuable.

Missouri ranked ninth among the states in the total
registration of June 5, 1917, June 5, August 24 and September
12, 1918. Her total registration was 765,045; that of the
Nation including states and territories was 24,234,021?

Missouri’s total increment of the armed forces of the
United States (4,034,743) in enlistment and inductions from
April 2, 1917, to October 31, 1918, under the first and second
registrations, was 140,257. Of this number, 92,843 were
inducted into the National Army. Missouri’s total of drafted
men was 66.19% of her total increment. This was approxi-
mately the same as the National average, which was 66.10%-
Of every three men required of Missouri’s quota, one volun-
tarily enlisted and two were inducted. The total of Mis-
souri’s enlisted men was 47,414. Of these, 29,863 entered
the army; 14,132, the navy; and 3,419, the marine corps.
Missouri’s rank among the states in number of army enlist-
ments was ninth; in number of navy enlistments, it was tenth;
and in number of marine corps enlistments, it was fifth.
Missouri’s rank in the ratio her army enlistments bore to
her total increment or quota was thirty-second—her per-
centage being 21.29%, the Nation’s being 21.75%. Missouri’s
rank in the ratio her navy enlistments bore to her total
quota was twenty-second—her percentage being 10.08%
the Nation’s being 10.84%. Curiously, however, Missouri’s
rank in the ratio her marine corps enlistments bore to her total

‘Report, p. 396.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 21

quota was sixth——her percentage of 2.44% being nearly
twice as much as that of the Nation, which was 1.31%.‘

Missouri’s total of white and colored registrants was
764,428.5 Of this number 54,320 were colored, or 7.11%.
The National average of colored registrants was 9.36%.
Missouri ranked eighteenth both in the number of colored
registrants and in the ratio of same to her total registrants.
The number of colored inductions in Missouri from June 5,
1917, to November 1, 1918, was 9,219. This was 40.44%
of her total colored registrants from June 5, 1917 , to September
11, 1918, the National average was 34.10%. The number of
white inductions was 83,624. This was 26.79% of her total
white registrants from June 5, 1917, to September 11, 1918,
the National average being 24.04%.“

Missouri’s reputation as a commonwealth of native
Americans was again borne out by registration figures. Only
4.46% of Missouri’s total registrants were aliens. The number
was 34,086. This was approximately only one-fourth of the
National average, which was 16.22%. Altho one of every six
registrants over the Nation was an alien, there was only one
alien to every twenty-two registrants in Missouri. Missouri
ranked thirty-eighth among the states on this low percentage,
and despite her large population she ranked as low as eigh-
teenth in actual number of alien registrants. Of alien German
males between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years who
registered between June 5, 1917, and September 12, 1918,
Missouri had 3,044. Missouri’s rank in this respect was
thirteenth. Of alien German males fourteen years and up-
ward, according to the Department of Justice, Missouri had
5,890, giving her fourteenth rank.7

‘Report, p. #68.

‘Report, p. 458]. This number is 617 less than given in the Report on
page 396. This slight difference, however, does not effect any change in the
generalizations made.

‘The total number of white or colored registrants fI‘0m June 4. 1917.
to Sept. 12, 1918, is not given. altho the total inductions by color are given
down to Nov. 1, 1918. The registrants of Sept. 12, 1918, had probably not
been classified by color at the date of issuance of the Report.

7Report, p. 3 98.

22 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

Owing to changes in the law, the physical classification
of registrants examined by local board physicians was only
approximate in revealing facts. From December 15, 1917,
to September 11, 1918, 115,030 Missourians were physically
examined. Of this number, 83,949 were placed in Group A,
2,742 in Remedial Group B, 9,319 in Limited Service Group
C, and 19,020 in Physical Disqualified Group D. Missouri’s
Group A of physically perfect men under the classification
constituted 72.99% of the total examined. The National
average was 70.41%. Missouri ranked twenty-second among
the states on this percentage of Group A men, i. e. twenty-
one states had a higher percentage. Only five states had a
larger number of Group A men, and only one of these (Texas)
has a higher percentage. Her percentage of Group B men
was 2.38%, the National average 2.76%. Missouri’s per-
centage of Group C men was 8.10%, the National average
was 10.58%. Of Group D men Missouri’s percentage was
16.53%, the National average was 16.25%. Thirty-two
states had a lower percentage of Group D men than Mis-
souri, but only four of these had so large a number of men
examined.“ Moreover, seven states had a larger number of
Group D men than Missouri.

From February 10 to November 1, 1918, 74,595 Missouri
boys were inducted at camps. Of this number, 8,055, or
10.80% were rejected after physical examination at the camps.
The National average of camp rejections during this time was
8.10%. Maryland ranked first among the states with her
very low average of 4.49%. Alabama ranked lowest with
her very high average of 14.16%. Missouri ranked forty-
fourth. During this period one of every twenty men from
Maryland was rejected, one of every seven men from Alabama,
and one of every nine men from Missouri.” Only three states
had a larger number of men rejected at camps than Missouri.

The combined figures and percentage for causes of re-
jections by local boards and camp surgeons, and for discharges

‘Report. p. 417.
'Report, p. 1,20.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 23

from the army of inducted men from February 10 to November
1, 1918, reveal that physically Missouri boys differed only
slightly from those of the other states.” Missouri’s per-
centages of rejections during this time for various causes
follows, the percentages in parenthesis are the National
averages: Alcohol and drugs, 1.1% (0.4%); bones and joints,
10.9% (12.3%); developmental defects, 4.7% (8.4%); diseases
of the digestive system, 0.5% (0.5%); diseases of the ear,
4.5% (4.4%); eyes 11.8% (10.6%); flat foot (pathological),
6.7% (3.8%); genito-urinary (venereal), 2.1% (1.3%);
genito-urinary (non-venereal), 1.5% (1.3%); heart and blood
vessels, 11.1% (13.1%); hernia, 8.7% (6.0%); mental de-
ficiency, 5.4% (5.2%); nervous and mental disorders, 5.9%
(5.1%); respiratory (tuberculous) 11.2% (8.7%); respiratory
(non-tuberculous) 1.9% (1.7%); skin disease, 0.7% (2.7%);
teeth, 1.4% (3.1%); disease of thyroid, 3.9% (1.8%);
tuberculosis (non-respiratory) 0.5% (0.9%);all other defects,
1.4% (3.1%). If one were inclined to be facetious in his
generalizations, he could claim that by these statistics the
average Missourian was more prone to have physical defects
based on the following causes than was the average American-
alcohol and drugs, disease of the eyes, flat-foot, genito-
urinary diseases, hernia, respiratory diseases and diseases of
the thyroid. He could also with equal positiveness prove that
the average Missourian excelled the average American in
having sound bones and joints, fewer developmental defects,
a stronger heart and blood vessels, a much healthier skin,
much better teeth, less proneness to non-respiratory tuber-
culosis and to “all other defects.”

Missouri can take warranted pride in the loyalty of her
inducted men. Her total reported desertions numbered
12,340.“ This was only 3.68% of her total registrants from
June 5, 1917, to September 11, 1918. The average over the
Nation was 4.45%. Missouri’s comparatively high standing
in this respect gave her the low rank of thirteen in the number

"Report. p. 1,17.
"Report. pp. 460.

24 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

of desertions, altho her total registrants gave her the rank of
nine. There were fourteen states that had a lower percentage
of reported desertions, but of these only one (Illinois) had so
large a number of registrants. Of the total reported deser-
tions, however, thousands were later accounted for as not
being deserters. This made the net reported actual deserters
from Missouri only 10,431, or only 3.11% of her registrants
during the time indicated. The National average was 3.40%.
Altho twenty-two states had a lower percentage, only two of
these (Illinois and Michigan) had a larger number of regis-
trants during these months. Eleven states had a larger num-
ber of net reported actual deserters than Missouri.

Two important and interesting generalizations are
gathered from General Crowder’s Report relating to desertions.
Colored desertions over the United States were two and one-
half times as large proportionately as were white desertions,
and in Missouri they were twice as large.” Alien desertions
over the United States were three and one-third times as
large proportionately as were citizen desertions, and in
Missouri they were four and two-fifths as large. The total
white and colored registrants in Missouri from June 5, 1917.
to September 11, 1918, were 334,904. Of these 312,106 were
white and 22,796 were colored. The total reported white
desertions from Missouri were 10,549. This was 3.48% of
the total white registrants during these months. The National
average was higher, being 3.86%. Altho twenty-three states
had lower percentages, only one of these (Illinois) had more
white registrants than Missouri. The total reported colored
desertions from Missouri were 1,791. This was 7.86% of
the total colored registrants during the time stated. The
average over the Nation was much higher, being 9.81%.
Eleven states had lower percentages. Of Missouri’s 11,719
alien registrants between June 5, 1917, and September 11,
1918, there were 1,703 reported desertions, or 14.53%.13
The National average was 10.87%. Of Missouri’s 323,293
citizens registrants during the same time, there were 10,637

"Report, p. 461.
"Report, p. 462.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 25

reported desertions, or only 3.29%. The National average
was 3.23%.

The total cost in Missouri of the Selective Service System
from June, 1917, to October 1, 1918, was $584,431.14. Eight
states had a higher cost. Missouri's high figure was justified
by her large population. According to General CroWder’s
Report Missouri ranked ninth in population (3,240,679),“

. ninth in the total number of registrants (765,045),15 and ninth

in the cost of total registration.” The per capita cost of
registrants in Missouri from June 5, 1917, to September 11,
1918, was $1.74, the National per capita was $1.86. The
per capita cost of Missouri inducted men from June 5, 1917,
to October 1, 1918, was $6.81, the National per capita was
$7.90. The total personnel in the Selective Service Adminis-
tration in Missouri from April, 1917, to November, 1918, was
5,752. Nine states had a larger personnel.”

The following summary may be made from the foregoing
generalizations: Missouri ranked with the National average
regarding enlistments, i. e., she neither fell below nor rose
above the position her population justified. Missouri ranked
exceptionally high in her low percentage of alien registrants.
Considering her large population, Missouri ranked high in
the physical condition of her men as passed upon by the local
board physicians. This favorable position was, however,
lost by her low rank thru physical rejections of inducted men
at camp. Missouri ranked high in her low percentage of
desertions as well as in her total number of desertions con-
sidering her number of registrants. Missouri colored men
inducted cast special credit on their State in having a marked
lower percentage of desertions than obtained over the Nation.
This was also true, but not so marked, regarding Missouri
white men inducted. Rather curiously, however, the ratio
of both Missouri citizens and alien desertions to her citizen
and alien registrants was higher than the National average,

"Report, p. 464.
"Report, p. 4.51;.
"Report, p. 476.
"Report, p. 1;; N.

26 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEVV.

the Missouri alien ratio being quite marked. Owing to the
comparatively small number of alien registrants in Missouri,
her total percentage of all desertions was brought down below
the average over the Nation.

MISSOURI'S ROLL OF HONOR.

Missouri was perhaps the first State of size in the Nation
to officially classify and report her total casualties. Mis-
souri’s war casualties to June 1, 1919, total 11,172, according
to individual soldier cards on file in this Society. The data
on these cards was obtained from National Government
publications and from the newspapers of the State. The work
has been under way since the entry of Nation into the war.
Owing to this large casualty list of Missourians, the names
have not been listed in this Review, if arrangements can" be
made, however, a supplement will be issued.

Of these 11,172 casualties, 10,702 were from the Army,
387 from the Marine Corps, and 83 from the Navy. There
were 1,270 Missouri boys in the Army and Marine Corps who
lost their lives in action. Besides this number 1,531 died of
wounds, disease and accidents. Two hundred and sixty-
nine men are still reported missing in action, and the Navy
lists seventeen missing at sea.

The classified list in full follows:

ARMY:
Killed in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,210

Died of Wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Died of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834

Died from Accident and Other Causes . . . . . . . . . 134

Wounded Severely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,630

Wounded Slightly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 , 129

Wounded Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,942

Missing Still Unaccounted For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Prisoner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Missing, Later Reported Returned to Duty... . . 188

Died in Camp (U. S. A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 10,702

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 27

 

MARINE:
Killed in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

"Died of Wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Died of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Wounded Severely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Wounded Slightly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Wounded Undetermined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Missing, Still Unaccounted for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Prisoner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Missing, Later Reported Returned to Duty... . . 21

Died in Camp (U. S. A.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 387
NAVY:

Died of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Died from Accident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Wounded Severely (In Action) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Missing at Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Prisoner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 83

Grand Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,172

Comparing Missouri's casualties with the reports of the
Federal Government on total national casualties, it appears
that Missouri Division troops bore 3% of the total battle
deaths and wounded. Of battle deaths Missouri boys suffered
3.4% of America’s sacrifice on the battlefield.

MISSOURI WAR HONORS AND HEROISM.

Missouri can truly take pride in the war honors of her
heroes. Not less than two hundred and twenty-five decora-
tions were bestowed on Missourians who battled on European
soil, according to the Missouri war honor records filed in The
State Historical Society of Missouri down to June 1st. Fifty-
five other Missourians were cited for bravery. This total of
two hundred and eighty Missouri war honors came from
nine nations, apportioned as follows: 189 from the United
States; 72 from France; 9 from Great Britain; 4 from Italy;
2 from Roumania; and 1 each from Belgium, Japan,
Russia and Montenegro. Of equal significance to this wide-
spread recognition of Missouri heroism, is the high percentage

28 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

of Congressional Medals of Honor won by Missouri boys.
This medal is the highest war honor bestowed by the United
States Government. Of the sixty-three medals of this class
given to date, five were Won by Missourians——giving the
State 8% of the total. The five Missourians so signally
honored were: Pvt. John L. Barkley, of Holden; Pvt.
Charles D. Barger, of Stotts City; Sergt. Arthur Forrest, of
Hannibal; Sergt. M. W. Hatler, of Neosho; and Capt. Alex-
ander R. Skinker, of St. Louis.*

The complete list of decorations to June 1st, so far as
official figures have been compiled, follows:

MISSOURI WAR HEROES.

UNITED STATES.

Congressional Medal of Honor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Distinguished Service Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Cited for Bravery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 189
FRANCE.
Croix de Guerre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Cord de Guerre (James W. Banks, Gainesville). 1
Medaille Militaire (Pvt. Charles D. Barger,
Stotts City) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Grand Cross of Legion of Honor (Gen. John J.
Pershing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Silk Scarlet Ribbon of Legion of Honor (Gen.
Pershing and Corpl. [marine] A. T. Castlen,
University City) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Knight of Legion of Honor (Capt. John Robert
Hume, Doniphan, and Lieut. Charles R.

Hanger, Laddonia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Fleur de Lis of Legion of Honor (Sergt. [marine]

James W. Murphy, Joplin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
Legion of Honor—special decoration unknown—

(Lieut. Wollf, Monett) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Decoration—grade unknoWn——(Miss Cornelia

Bossard, Kirkwood) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 72

*Ser§/E. Michael B. Ellis, of St. Louis, has since been awarded the Congres-
sional edal of Honor.

*Gen. Pershing has also received the Knight Grand Cross. Order of the Bath}

MISSOURI AND THE WAR.

GREAT BRITAIN.

Military Medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Royal Red Cross Decoration (Miss Tina Philips,

Kansas City) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Cited for Bravery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
ITALY.
Silver Medal for Valor (John Keble Cloud, St.

Louis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Medaglio di Bronzo al Valore Militare . . . . . . . . . 1
Medaglio d’Argento di Benemerenti della Rossa

Italiena (both Medals Won by Sterling Mc-

Klttrick, St. Louis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Order of Cavaliere di Gran Croce dei S. S.

Maurizzio e Lazzaro (Gen. Pershing) . . . . . . 1 4

BELGIUM.
Grand Cross of Order of Leopold (Gen. Pershing) 1 1
JAPAN.
Grand Cordon of Order of Rising Sun (Gen.
Pershing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
ROUMANIA.
Cross of Military Order of Michael the Brave

(Gen. Pershing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Decoration for Bravery (Lieut. W. B. Hall,

Higginsville) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

RUSSIA.
Decoration for Bravery (Lieut. Hall) . . . . . . . . . . 1 l
MONTENEGRO.
Grand Cross of the Order of Danile (Gen. Per-
shing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Total Missouri Honors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

30 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

MISSOURI AND THE FOURTH LIBERTY LOAN.

The official figures on Missouri and the Fourth Liberty
Loan were late in being tabulated. The final printed reports
have been completed and they are highly creditable to the
patriotism of the citizens of the State. It is not surprising
to the truly informed thatMissouri more than met her quota.
Missouri did this in each of the former Loans and it Was
expected that despite her very large quota in the Fourth
campaign she would not fall behind. All statements here
made are based on the official reports. '

Missouri's total quota was $163,884,700; her actual sub-
scription was $172,832,700, or 105.5% of her quota. In the
Third Loan Missouri’s quota was $79,599,700; her subscrip-
tion was $110,828,300, or 152% of her quota.

Missouri’s per capita quota was $50; her per capita sub-
scription was $53%. In the Third Loan, the figures were $24
and $33%, respectively.

St. Louis and Kansas City subscribed $101,427,850, or
58§% of Missouri’s total subscription. The per capita sub-
scription in St. Louis was $115, in Kansas City $90, and in
Missouri- outside these two cities, it was $30. These figures
are similar to those of the Third Loan in showing the part
taken by Missouri’s two largest cities. In both the Third and
Fourth Liberty Bond campaigns the St. Louis district was the
first in the United States to exceed its quota.

In the Third Loan all Missouri counties subscribed more
than their quota. In the Fourth campaign, twenty-seven
counties failed to meet their quota. Twenty of these sub-
scribed over 90% of their quota, three over 80%, two over 70%
one over 60% and one 54%. Twelve Missouri counties, how-
ever, subscribed over 125% of their quota. These honor
counties were: Atchison 126%, Dent 135%, Grundy 134%.
Howard 139%, Jefferson 129%, Lincoln 131%, Miller 136%,
Pettis 128%, Pike 128%, St. Francois 127%, Ste. Genevieve
126% and Shannon 150%. Exceptional honor and credit are
due these counties. Excepting three—]efferson, Pettis and
St. F rancois——none had a population of 25,000 in 1910, and

MISSOURI AND THE VVAR. 31

four of these—Atchison, Dent, Ste. Genevieve and Shannon—
had a population of less than 14,000 in 1910. The Banner
County of Missouri was the sparsely populated Ozark county
of Shannon with the small population of only 11,443, but
every person an American citizen of highest patriotism.
Shannon was also the Banner County of Missouri in the Third
Liberty Loan with her subscription quota of 316%!

The great work performed by National VVoman’s Liberty
Loan Committee, with its remarkable organization and direc-
tors in each state, is deserving of much higher praise than it
has received. This is especially true of the Missouri women
who worked under the direction of State Chairman, Mrs.
Theodore Benoist and State Vice-Chairman Mrs. W’. T.
Donovan, of St. Louis, in the Eighth District, and of Mrs.
Albert B. Bates of Kansas City, in the Tenth District. Mis-
souri women are officially credited in the Fourth Loan cam-
paign with having obtained $50,256,000, or over 30% of the
entire State’s quota. This was the seventh largest sum raised
by the Woman's Liberty Loan Committee in the forty-eight
States.

HOW MISSOURI DOCTORS RALLIED IN THE VVAR.

When the call for service came, the Missouri doctor
formed the vanguard of the Nation’s line of defense. Leading
physicians with established practices closed their offices to
answer the cry of humanity. Incomes of $100 a day and more
were voluntarily exchanged for commissions as majors and
captains and even lieutenants and all the hardships of the
service. Five from Missouri were killed in the line of duty and
two were taken prisoners.

Under the standard of the Red Cross they flocked into
France from every part of the State. From the beginning to
the end of hostilities, Missouri offered the service of 1,499
doctors, including 496 volunteers from the St. Louis medical
ranks, according to the records of the State Medical Society.
Of the total number only about 25% were sent overseas.
The others went to various camps and some went on the reserve
list. '

32 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

The first to give up his life was Lieut. William T. Fitz-
simmons, a young physician of Kansas City. The last of the
doctors of Missouri to make the supreme sacrifice was Lieut.
W. A. Fair, of Pleasant Hill (D. S. C.). The other Missouri
doctors killed in action were: Lieut. Leroy R. Boutwell, of
Kirkwood; Charles R. Long, of Sedalia, and Frank V. Frazier,
of Altemont. Four more died of illness contracted in service.

Among those physicians who were first to go over and who
held highly responsible positions abroad were: Major Malvern
B. Clopton (Base 21, Rouen, France); Capt. Scott Hener
(2nd N. Gen. Hosp., Leeds, Eng.); Majors Fred T. Murphy,
Nathaniel Allison, VValter F ischell, B. S. Veeder and Eugene
L. Opie, all of St. Louis. The doctors going as captains from
St. Louis were Sidney I. Schwab, L. T. Post, C. H. Eyerman,
Hugh McCulloch, W. R. Rainey, W. S. Thomas, R. M.
Spivey, Alan M. Chesney, Edwin C. Ernst and H. M. Young.

Another _St. Louis physician who got into the war early
was Dr. Edgar F. Schmitz. He entered the service in June,
1917. He was awarded the British Military Cross for “de-
votion to duty in attending wounded under fire.”

A most important assignment was given Dr. Virgil
Loeb, of St. Louis. Ranking as captain, he was in charge of
Maxillo facial surgery in the hospital of the Mesves center,
France. These institutions had 20,000 beds.

—————.j_—.—:

sr. LOUIS BASE HOSPITAL UNIT 21.

The first St. Louis war organization to go overseas was
Hospital Unit 21. The male part of the unit consisted of 33
officers and 278 men. A little over half of the force returned
to St. Louis on April 30, 1919, after two years of service
abroad. The officers of Unit 21 were physicians from the
\Vashington University Medical School (St. Louis). Lieut.-
Col. Borden S. Veeder, a St. Louis physician, was in command
on the return.

Base Hospital Unit 21 was organized in April and May,
1917. Washington University Medical School and Barnes Hos-

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 33

pital were the Working- bases of the organization, which was
equipped by the St. Louis unit of the American Red Cross. It
was called into active service on May 16th, and arrived in
France on June 10th. The unit took charge of British Army
Hospital No. 12, near Rouen, and was commanded by
Lieut.-Col. J. D. Fife until October 18, 1917, and by Maj. Fred
T. Murphy, a St. Louis physician.

Maj. Murphy was later promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel,
and was made Medical and Surgical Director of the Red Cross
in France. Miss Julia Stinson, daughter of a former St.
Louis minister, was chief nurse of the unit. She became chief
nurse of the Red Cross in France and later was promoted to
chief nurse of the American Expeditionary Force, the highest
place open to an American army nurse.

In welcoming home this truly remarkable force, Chan-
cellor Frederic A. Hall, of Washington University, said:

g “We are very proud of what you have accomplished.
No other medical school in the country has made a more
creditable representation than that of Washington University
and I believe no other has furnished so many men for medical
posts of high responsibility in the American Expeditionary
Force.”-

In its service at Rouen, France, Unit 21 conducted a
1,500-bed hospital for the British army, and treated 62,400
cases. Its surgeons became specialists on chest wounds. The
unit held 60 nurses, making its total working strength, 371
persons.

KANSAS CITY BASE HOSPITAL 28.

Headed by Lieut.-Col. J. F. Binnie and Major L. S. Milne,
Kansas City Base Hospital 28 organization arrived in Limoges,
France, July 2, 1918.. With none of its buildings completed
Base 28 began constructing quarters. Originally planned to
be a 500-bed organization, it kept enlarging up to the day the
armistice was signed. At that time the Kansas City Doctors

and nurses of Base 28 were caring for more than 2,000 patients
3

34 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

and were operating two hospitals, and withal having one of
the smallest comparative death reports in the entire A. E. F.

MISSOURI LANDS FOR SOLDIER FARMERS.

Missouri has entered whole—heartedly into the movement
to provide farms for the returning soldiers and sailors of the
war who are disposed to follow agriculture. Farm life is
appealing, and Secretary Lane has been working on a plan to
provide farms on the easiest terms possible for the American
soldiers. The "back-to-the-farm-sentiment" that has de-
veloped among soldiers has created surprise and N ation-wide
comment. It has done more. It has started a movement in
every state that has government or other lands that can be
utilized in working out the plan of the Secretary of the
Interior.

A general survey of reclaimable swamp and timber lands
has been inaugurated in all the states. Plats and data are
now being assembled at Washington. Recent canvasses
made at Camp Dix and Toronto, Canada, elicited the
astonishing information that 50 per cent of Americans and
44 per cent of Canadians back from the front indicated a
preference for farming.

A few weeks ago a land expert of the Interior Department
investigated the land prospects in Missouri and spent several
days with officials at Jefferson City looking over the plats in
the Land Reclamation Department. This investigation
showed that Missouri had 1,920,000 acres of swamp and over-
flow land that could be utilized after proper drainage.

Much of this has been denuded of timber by the lumber
companies, and is already being reclaimed through private
enterprises. Much of the land is in New Madrid, Stoddard,
Pemiscot, Dunklin and Mississippi counties in the district
that was sunk in the great earthquake of December 16, 1811.
For more than twenty years this work has been under way in
these Missouri counties with a result that there are thousands

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 35

of productive farms where there were formerly extensive
lakes or swamps. Some of the farms thus reclaimed have in
recent years sold for $150 to $200 an acre. The average cost
of reclaiming the swamp land has been placed at $16 an acre
spreading over a period of years so as not to make the burden
too great on the settler. The soil in Southeast Missouri is a
black, loamy soil that has. been compared with that of the
Nile Valley in productivity. Corn, wheat, alfalfa and cotton
are the principal crops.

A MISSOURI INVENTOR.

As an evidence that Missouri is making herself felt in

_ the war in more ways than one, the Lexington News prints the

following: “A. A. Kellogg, a Clinton, Mo., man, some time
ago invented an ‘instantaneous detonator for shells, which is
creating havoc with German wire defenses, trenches and em-
placements. Heretofore the fuses on shells made contact
explosions impossible, but this Missourian’s invention is
doing the work quickly and all Henry county is proud of
its inventor.”

——:-:——1-2

CARRIED FIRST AMERICAN FLAG ON STREETS OF LONDON.

When General Joffre presented an American flag to the
Fifth regiment of the Missouri National Guard in St. Louis,
he could hardly have imagined its subsequent history of honor.
The flag was too small to suit the Fifth regiment, so it was
sold to the Engineers’ Club of St. Louis. When the 12th
Engineers left for overseas duty the famous flag was presented
to it. On arrival in England the proud ensign floated at the
head of the column and when London was reached it unfurled
itself to the breezes on the streets of the world's metropolis.
E. E. Lambert, of Carthage, Mo., who had volunteered for
service with the 12th, was the man who carried this first
American flag at the head of American troops on the streets
of London. Not only that, but it was the first time in cen-

36 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

turies that any foreign flag had been carried at the head of
foreign toops in England.

PERSHING NAMED SIX MISSOURIANS IN “ONE HUNDRED BEST
STORIES.”

Heroes of six of the “One Hundred Best Stories of the
War” chosen by Gen. Pershing for use in the Victory Loan
Campaign were Missourians. The men were: Capt. Alex-
ander R. Skinker, deceased, of St. Louis, (35th Div.); Pvt.
Charles Disalvo, deceased, of St. Louis (89th Div.); Sergt.
Arthur J. Forrest, of Hannibal, (89th Div.); Sergt. M. Waldo
Hartley, of Neosho (89th Div.); Pvt. Charles D. Barger, of
Stotts City (89th Div.); Capt. George H. Mallon, of Kansas

City (35th Div.).

KANSAS CITY AND ST. LOUIS RANKED HIGH IN SUPPLIES PUR-
CHASED FOR THE UNITED STATES.

In the value Of army supplies purchased at Kansas City
and St. Louis during the two months ending September 28,
1918, Kansas City ranked 10th and St. Louis 5th compared
with the twenty-four largest cities. The value of Kansas City
products was $2,599,534 and of St. Louis products was $8,-
053,634. In 1914 their respective ranks were 23rd and 5th.

ST. LOUIS DISTRICT “MADE IT THREE STRAIGHT.”

The St. Louis District was the first in the U. S. to go
over the top in the fifth loan drive. It met its quota at 5:30
p. In. May 8th. The St. Louis slogan was “Make It Three

Straight,” referring to the record made by the district in the

third and fourth drives.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 37

MISSOURI HONORED ABROAD.

Missouri was one of the eleven states to have Y. M. C. A.
and Knights of Columbus huts abroad named for it. This
honor was given the State because of its great work in all
war fund drives.

GENERAL PERSHING RECEIVED FOUR NEW HONORS.

The King of Italy has conferred on General Pershing
The Order of Cavaliere di Gran Croce dei S. S. Maurizzio e
Lazzaro, the oldest and highest military order within the gift
of the Italian Government.

The King of Montenegro decorated Marshall Foch and
General Pershing with the Grand Cross of the Order of
Danile.

President VVilson conferred the D. S. C. on General
Pershing on October 22, 1918.

The Emperor of Japan conferred the decoration of the
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun on General
Pershing.

THREE REMARKABLE PATRIOTIC FAMILIES OF ST. LOUIS.

Mr. William A. Ryan, Mrs. J. R. Morgan and Mr. and
Mrs. William E. Wightman, all of St. Louis, each had six
sons in the war service of the United States.

ST. LOUIS MAN PLANNED CROSSING THE MEUSE.

After the signing of the armistice many good inside stories
were told of both American bravery and ingenuity. Of the
latter kind is revealed the important part played by Capt.
T. S. M. Smith, of St. Louis. Adapting an invention of his
Colonel, L. J. Lambert, of St. Louis, Smith solved the problem

38 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

of crossing the Meuse for the division commander. A foot-
bridge was formed of canvas floats stretched on folding frames.
Heavier pontoon bridges were then easily established.

GENERAL PERSHING ON MISSOURI.

Dr. B. A. Jenkins, Editor of the Kansas City Post,
brought back these words from Missouri’s great general:
“I cannot give you a message to print, but you can give all
of them my love and appreciation when you talk to them,”
said General Pershing. “I love every inch of Missouri soil
and every ounce of its air.”—-Kansas City Times—11—20-18.

ST. LOUIS’ PART ‘IN THE WAR.

(From St. Louis Republic.)

Following is St. Louis’ contribution in the War in money and
materials:
Subscriptions First Liberty

Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $42,000 ,000.00
Subscriptions Second Liberty

Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 ,000,000 . 00
Subscriptions Third Liberty

Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 ,000,000.00
Subscriptions Fourth Liberty

Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 ,000 ,000.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $239,000,000.00

Gave to Red Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,000,000.00

Gave to Y. M. C. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,120,463.00

Gave to War Camp Community Service . . . . . . . 100,000.00

Camp Entertainment funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 ,000-00

Knights of Columbus War Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,000.00
Young Men’s Hebrew Association. . .. . . . . . . . . .. 206,000.00
Salvation Army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 .000.00
Thrift and War Savings Stamps (paid) . . . . . . . . 10,500,322.00
Overseas Hospital Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000.00
Christmas Fund for 35th Division . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,000-00

Belgian Babies’ Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.000-00

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 39

Smileage Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24 ,625.00

Home Guard Regiments. . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,000.00

Missouri State Rangers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,000.00

Armenian and Syrian Relief Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,000.00

Total Subscriptions to all causes . . . . . . . . . . $256,520,410.00

United War Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,225,000.00

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $258.745.410.00

MATERIALS AND MISCELLANEOUS.

St. Louis has manufactured approximately $285,000,000 Worth
of war materials.

The savings of coal during the lightless period amounted to
250,000 tons. St. Louis saved 17.5 tons for each 1,000 population
in seven months, or 2.5 tons a month per 1,000 inhabitants.

Three hundred and forty-three thousand St. Louisans signed
the Hoover p1edge—~more than any other city, regardless of size.

Reduced city’s garbage between April, 1917, and March, 1918,

‘by 12,690,000 pounds.

Plowed 850 acres of back yards and lots last spring for thrift
gardens.

Twenty thousand women registered to do Red Cross knitting;
5.000 for hospital garments; 10,000 to make surgical dressings.
Shipped 1,300,000 articles to France in one month.

St. Louis’ Food Conservation Committee was the first of its
kind in the United States.

Two hundred and forty-two thousand St. Louisans joined the
Red Cross, also 102,000 Junior Red Cross members.

Sent more than 70,000 books to cantonments.

KANSAS CITIANS AT PEACE PARLEY.

Three young Kansas City men participated in the activi-
ties of the peace conference in Paris. One of them, Capt.
Richard C. Patterson, ]r., occupied a position secondary
only to that of the American peace commissioners. He was
the executive officer of the American share in the parley.

The other two Kansas Citizans attached to the peace com-
mission were Lieut. Kenneth Patterson, brother of the cap-
tain, who was one of the courier officers, and Lieut. R.
Emmet Condon, presidential aide and confidential assistant
to peace commissioner Henry White.

40 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

KANSAS CITY'S PART IN THE WAR.

No other city of its size in the United States gave us so
many volunteer physicians and nurses, both for overseas
service and for service during the influenza epidemic at the

various camps, as did Kansas City.——Surge0n General Rupert
Blue.

GEN. PERSHING FULFILLED HIS ANCEsTOR’s HOPE.
(From St. Louis Post-Dispatch.)

When Gen. John J. Pershing led the victorious American
armies against the Germans, he fulfilled the wish of his great-
great-grandfather, Frederick Pershing, made over 200 years
ago. This ancestor had written his son, Frederick Pershing,
Jr, who came to America in 1749, expressing the hope that
either he or his descendants, “would come back some day and
redeem the fair lands of Alsace Lorraine from oppression."
The letter is today in the possession of Rev. Justus N. Persh—
ing, a cousin of Gen. Pershing.

FOUR FIGHTING MEN FROM MISSOURI.

(From Kansas City Star.)

Camp Upton, N. Y., May 24——You wouldn’t think it to look
at him. He is a little fellow, is Sergt. Arthur J. Forrest, 23 years old,
weighing only 140 pounds with his clothing and hobnailed shoes,
and is five feet six inches tall in those same shoes. His eyes are
innocent blue.

Sergeant Forrest, who comes from Hannibal, Mo., was picked
as having been the one individual hero of the 89th Division, as well
as having been selected for one of the 100 hero stories of the A. E. F.
that were used in the Victory Loan campaign. When it comes to
modesty he is about as bad as Sergeant York, the Tennessee
“terror,” who alone whipped a boche machine gun battalion.
York locked himself in a stateroom while the reporters were scouring
the ship for him, and then was so frightened when they did find
him that he could hardly talk. Forrest wasa little different. It
wasn't so hard to find him. He was standing in line on the Hoboken
docks, his great big pack that weighs just half as much as he does
fastened on his back, while he was leaning on his rifle for support.

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 41

“Is Sergeant Forrest here?” I asked. The big “C” on my
left arm immediately told my profession.

“Don’t know him,” a little blue eyed sergeant told me, and I
started to pass on.

“Hey, Star, that’s him”, someone yelled.

And it was.

“I understand you received the Congressional Medal of
Honor?” I ask him, which medal is the highest award the United
States of America can give a hero.

“Who? Me? No,” he said. “I didn’t get anything except
homesickness.”

He looked it. He didn’t even wear the light blue ribbon dotted
with white stars that signifies the wearer as a holder of the Medal of
Honor, and, standing there in the half twilight supporting his heavy
pack, you Would think that he was just as he said. I felt like
going on past him, for time was short and the troops were expected
to move every minute. But just then an officer, the company com-
mander, came by.

“Isn’t that your Medal of Honor man?” I asked. “He tells
me he didn’t get anything but homesickness.”

“Sure, he is,” the captain answered. “He pulled one of the
greatest stunts in the war.”

One of the lieutenants came up by that time and the story
began to come out, piece by piece.

“It was on the morning of November 1,” the captain said.
“We were just a little southeast of Ramonville in the Meuse-
Argonne oifensive. One platoon was attacking and the sergeant’s
platoon was supporting it. The first platoon struck a machine
gun nest that poured out a withering fire. Everybody dropped.
The second platoon continued until they struck the same place,
and everybody fell. Then---”

“I flopped just like the rest of them, the sergeant cut in.
“But our orders were to go on, so I just wriggled through the weeds.
They saw me when I was within about fifty yards of the nest;
so they opened fire directly on me. The bullets were whizzing by
me like dust in a windstorm. I was just so frightened that I didn't
know what to do, so I ran as fast as I could."

“Yes, but he ran directly into the machine gun fire,” the
lieutenant said. “He threw two hand grenades into the nest and
then went in after them. He clubbed one boche to death with the
butt of his rifle, bayonetted two, shot two more with his rifle
and then threw it away so he could use his automatic. He opened
up with that and the boches all disappeared into holes like a lot oi‘
frightened rats. All the machine gun firing had stopped, so the
rest of us advanced. When we got there we found him sitting on a

17

42 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

box guarding the entrance to the underground passageways, while
six machine guns had stopped talking.
“When we counted the prisoners that came sneaking out of

their holes there were sixty of them, all captured by this lone‘

American soldier from Missouri.”

“Well, now, it didn’t happen just---” Forrest interrupted.

“Yes it did, too,” one of the others spoke up. “He did it him-
self and he deserves credit for it.”

Sergt. George Bush of Troy, Mo., a member of Company D,
354th infantry, is another of the same kind. He, too, wasn’t
wearing his Distinguished Service Cross, although he carried it in
his pocket. Bush was leading half a platoon in the attack on
Barricourt. A shell burst near him, knocking him down and
sprinkling him with dirt. He jumped up, shook himself and con-
tinued. Another burst in front of him, knocking him down once
more. Again he jumped to his feet, called to his men and con-
tinued. A piece of shrapnel from another shell struck him, and
even this didn’t stop him. He just kept on going with his men and
led them right into the town.

A Croia: de Guerre was given to Corp. Roy Crane of Palmyra,
Mo., for digging three comrades out from under the ruins of a
kitchen in Xammes in St. Mihiel sector. A shell hit the kitchen,
completely burying the three under the stones, plaster and beams.
The boches were laying down a barrage, but Crane jumped out and
went to work digging ou.f his comrades.

“JUST A FIGHTIN’ FooL.”

Sergt. Roy Anthony of Kansas City wears a Distinguished
Service Cross and Croia: de Guerre. He is a member of Company B.
:§4th Infantry- He refuses to say why the two medals were given

1m.

“He’s just a fighting fool,” one of the men spoke up.

“You bet he is; just a fightin’ fool,” another reiterated.

That was all that could be learned at the time about Sergeant
Anthony. But that seemed to cover the case.

0. P. H.

Wrinkles, a dog owned by Sergt. Archie Boyd of Grant
City, Mo., wears two medals for bravery and distinguished
service under fire-—one bestowed by France and one by Italy.
Sergt. Boyd was a sniper and often was sent far in front of

MISSOURI AND THE WAR. 43

the lines, sometimes into shell holes, and it was here that
Wrinkles proved his worth. Messages were carried between
the sniper and his commanding officer by Wrinkles. The dog
was wounded three times by pieces of shrapnel.

THE MISSOURI MULE IN WAR.

(From Minneapolis Tribune.)

Missouri is signally honored. Her mules “made good"
on the western front. They were an indispensable help in
winning the war.

The chief witness in behalf of the Missouri mule is the

British Army. The witness is unbiased by any considera-

tions of neighborliness. He never was in Missouri. VVithout
intimidation or coercion, of his own free will, he signs the
certificate of character.

Cambrai would never be what it is going to be in history
if the Missouri mule had not been behind the man behind the
gun. He kept the heavy artillery right up to the front with
the attacking infantry. He went without his oats and waded
through mud and over filled-in shell holes to show that he was
game on the side of peace with victory and justice.

The Missouri mule took his share of the gas and shell
shock. He slept out o’nights in the rain and cold. He kept
his “hee haw” mufiled at critical moments. He pulled and
pulled——my, how he pulled when put to it.

Who shall say that the mule veterans having proved their
stuff by their deeds are not entitled to roam rich pastures in
the good old summer time and to hibernate in warm box
stalls the rest of their natural lives? It is back to the land,
back to the oats and hay for them. They will tell no tales of
their prowess, but on many of them always will be the marks

of their stewardship in the struggle of titanic forces for good
and ill.

44 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW.

ST. LOUISAN DISCOVERER OF POISON GAS CURE.

Highest honor is due Lieut. Julien A. Gehrung, a native
of St. Louis. He stands as the discoverer of the treatment
for poison gas that was adopted by the French army. Lieut.
Gehrung was a medicine Aid Major, first class, of the French
army. He was born and reared in St. Louis, and graduated
in art at St. Louis University and in medicine at Washington
University. His discovery, which was at first based purely on
theory, saved thousands of lives and gave sight and hearing
to many more.

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