s De osi or nun}ufiumufiumxm 4 \Ifimfiufim‘f C558; 1 WEE FRANK LEE MARTIN MEMORIAL LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI Style and General Format for Publications Style and General Format for the Publications of ~ The Arthur H. Clark Co. _ CLEVELAND, OHIO MCMX COPYRIGHT 1910, BY ARTHUR H. CLARK ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS THE MANUSCRIPT Numbering of Pages Correcting the Manuscript Copyright Material REPRINTING ORIGINALS, PRINTING EARLY MANUSCRIPTS OR DOCUMENTARY MATERIAL, MAKING EXTRACTS THEREFROM, OR FROM OTHER SOURCE WORKS Footnotes to Reprints of Poetry Original Letters reprinted " : FOOTNOTES What to Avoid References to Printed Matter Examples of Reference Authority following or preceding Quotation Reference to Authority within a Footnote , BIBLIOGRAPHY What to Avoid Alphabetical Arrangement of Particulars to be given in Examples of Maps Q" ~ .1 Bibliography of Documents or Reprints published In a Series INDEX . . . . . " ILLUSTRATIONS " .1 SPELLING Geographic Names Proper Names English Authors and Titles of their Books French Authors and Titles of their Books German Authors and Titles of their Books Italian Authors and Titles of their Books Spanish Authors and Titles of their Books Pseudonyms . . American Learned Societies Magazines and Newspapers Medical and Chemical Names and Terms 512318 \OOOOOV 6 CONTENTS ARABIC AND ROMAN NUMERALS Time of Day Dates ABBREVIATIONS What to Avoid What to Spell out Months and Days States Bible and Apocrypha Scientific, Commercial, Ecclesiastical, and Medieval Dialect and Slang Honorary Titles PUNCTUATION Comma Period . Interrogation Point Exclamation Point Hyphen Dash Parentheses Brackets Apostrophe . Quotation Marks Leaders Spacing Paragraphs Indention Stars TYPES (CAPS. SMALL CAPS. ,,ITALICS LOWER- CASE, E TC ) General Format of Volume Underscorin gs used Caps. and Small Caps. Small Caps. Roman Capitals Roman Lower-case Italics Greek THE MANUSCRIPT MANUSCRIPTS when received by us: (a) (b) . Should be absolutely complete for the entire volume, including footnotes, bibliography, illustrations, etc. (Do not start work on a manuscript until it is complete, as you can not determine the uniformity of style, display matter, sizes of type, etc.) Should be in final shape. The author should have made What- ever corrections are necessary in the manuscript (corrections of the text ought not to be made on proofs; that is very expensive, makes bad composition and plates, and almost invariably leads to new errors through the shifting of the type. Each page of an ordinary book consists of from one thousand to five thousand distinct and separate pieces of metal, the misplacing of any one of which constitutes an error). Should have been gone over carefully after the writing was com- pleted for uniformity of treatment, spelling, abbreviation, punctu- ation, capitalization, underscoring, placing of quotation marks, brackets, parentheses, chapter-heads, verification of titles, quota- tions (quotations made from memory are almost invariably inac— curate),.proper names, dates, unusual words, etc. (It is better to go through the manuscript for each of these points separately. Better and quicker results are thereby gained.) (d) Should have no abbreviations, words, punctuation marks, etc., that (e) (f) (g‘) are not to be set by the compositor. The compositor strictly fol- lows copy in every respect. If carelessly prepared, should be returned to the office. Do not spend time correcting inaccuracies. We lose money on such publications through excessive expense of time and corrections. Never make verifications on the proofs; these must be made on the manuscript before it goes to the compositor, and at the author’s expense. Give record of time expended on this, for each manuscript, to the oflice. Should be on paper of uniform size, preferably 8 x 10 inches. Should be kept flat. (h) Should be on one side of the paper only. 8 THE MANUSCRIPT (i) 0) Should be typewritten or in ink and in a perfectly Clear and dis- tinct handwriting (typewritten copy should be uniformly spaced throughout, preferably what is known as double-spaced. Manu— script copy should run as nearly uniform as possible, for ease in computing the manuscript). Should have margin of at least one inch on the left. NUMBER EACH PAGE OF MANUSCRIPT consecutively in the upper right- hand corner. If in more than one volume, add “a” before the number of the second volume, “b” for the third volume, etc., thus: aI,bI,etc. FOOTNOTES should : (a) (b) (C) Be numbered consecutively in arabic. _ Be on separate sheets from the manuscript prOper. Have their location in the manuscript indicated by the note number, thus : “They arrived at MariettaI on the following day.” CORRECTING THE MANUSCRIPT: (a) (b) (C) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) All corrections and marks, made by our readers on the manuscript, shall be in red ink. ' . Incorrectly spelled words, do not try to patch up; run them out and write correctly above. Words, deleted in error, can be restored by placing dots under and marking in margin opposite “Stet,” thus: The author Wished Words, abbreviated in error, can be marked to be spelled out by circling, thus: This ser. is finished. Letters, capitalized in error, can be corrected to lower-case thus: Lower; or lower-cased in error thus: capital. Matter added to a sheet of copy, if more than a few words, it is better to cut the sheet in two, add the insertion on a new slip, and paste all together again. New pages of manuscript to be inserted between numbered pages should be marked thus: I 77a, I 77b, etc., and at foot of page I 77 should be noted, “ Here follows I77a and I 77b.” Pages, cancelled between numbered pages, should be noted at foot of page, thus: if pages I 77—1 8 I are cancelled,note at foot of page I 76, “ pp. I 77 -I 8 I cancelled.” Underline u (thus: municipal); carefully cross t; dot i immedi- ately over; distinguish between capitals I and J, T, S, Y, L, and F, between v and r, and between 51 and 57. Do not run figures to— gether. COPYRIGHT MATERIAL 9 PROPER NAMES, FOREIGN WORDS, SCIENTIFIC TERMS, TITLES, Quotations, Dates, etc: watch these carefully, to see that they are accurately spelled, carefully written, and accents clearly marked. For names, which may be Spelled in two or more different ways, adopt one form and adhere to it throughout. (Keep record of time expended on this and hand to the oflice.) COPYRIGHT MATERIAL can not be reprinted except with the written permission of the owner of the copyright, which written permission should be sent with the manuscript. ITALIc FOR EMPHASIS should be avoided. It is bad taste and a reflec- tion on the intelligence of the reader. EDITORIAL “ WE” should not be used in books. REPRINTING ORIGINALS, PRINTING EARLY MANUSCRIPTS OR DOCUMENTARY MATERIAL, MAKING EXTRACTS THEREFROM, OR FROM OTHER SOURCE WORKS COPY SHOULD GIVE AN ABSOLUTELY CORRECT TRANSCRIPT of the orig— inal verbatim ez‘ [iteratim in every respect, including capitalization and punctuation. It is not necessary to attempt to imitate the ar- rangement of chapter-heads, display matter, letter-heads, etc. as in the original. Attempts to do so usually make a bad appearance and frequently, with modern types, produce an absurdity. The reader or Student is seeking the original author’s statements, style, and peculiarities, not the style of the compositor. PECULIARITIES OF THE ORIGINAL SHOULD BE PRESERVED, such as. the “long 3,” superior letters, accented letters, abbreviations,etc. These Should be imitated in the copy as nearly as possible, so that we may follow them typographically, if possible. The “ longs’ in type— written matter is usually indicated by an “f” underlined, thus. f. Superior figures or letters are usually indicated thus: ’5, a ,.esq’° CORRECT ONLY DISTINCTLY PRINTER’S ERRORS, such as transposed letters, omitted letters (not however changing old forms of spell— ing), wrong font, turned letters, doublets, omission of period at end of sentence, and the like. DO NOT REPEAT THE DUPLICATED WORD at foot of page in early printed books and in some manuscripts. PAGINATION OR CHAPTERS of the original should be indicated, if necessary, by placing the original pagination in square brackets, thus: [144.] , preceding the first word on original page, except in the case of a hyphenated word, when the pagination should follow the completion of such word. Correct errors thus: [I44 i.e. 14.8], [chap. xxx i.e. xxix] . EDITORIAL COMMENTS, EXPLANATIONS, CORRECTIONS, AND WORDS to complete the sense in the text of the original writer should be en- closed in square brackets. See page 39, par. (a), (b), (c), (d ), (e). FOOTNOTES BELONGING To QUOTED MATTER, or to short reprinted articles, should: (a) Be inserted with copy for the footnotes, between the regular note numbers, in their correct order. FOOTNOTES, LETTERS, ETC. 11 (b) Be within quotation marks. (c) Be indicated in the text, and preceding the footnote, by the same mark used in the original, thus: * T §. ((1) Be followed by an “en” dash and the initials of the author or original editor, or by ORIG. in caps. and small caps., thus: “Santiago is one of the coast islands at the mouth of the Rio Grande.”—]. A. R. (or ORIO.) But if the entire volume comprises reprint matter, the original notes should: a) Be inserted with copy, same as (a) above. (b) Not be within quotation marks. c) Be indicated by regular consecutive arabic numerals. (d) Not be followed by initials of author or editor, or by ORIG. New notes by the editor should be included in the consecutive num- bering, but be followed at the end by an “en” dash and the initials of the editor or by ED. POETRY: quotations from, or reprints of, poetry should preserve the indention of lines as in the original edition. For use of quotation marks in poetry, see page 41, par. (0). EXTRACTS, DOCUMENTS, LETTERS, ETC. making more than two pages of the text of the volume are better placed in an appendix with a footnote, thus: See appendix A. QUOTATION MARKS, ETC: for the proper use, or nonuse of quotation marks, see pages 40-4-1- OMISSIONs WITHIN A (QIOTATION should be indicated by three periods, never by stars. For examples, see page 4-1, par. (a). LETTERS: it is bad form to attempt to imitate the arrangement of the letter-head, salutation, and signature. It spoils the typographical appearance Of the page, and where several letters are reprinted, leads to confusion. Set these: (a) In one size smaller type than body matter. (b) Indented one em on the left. (c) With extra leading at top and bottom between the letter and body of text, generally eight to twelve leads according to the length of the letter. (d) In one of the following forms: Rooms OF THE REPUBLICAN STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF ALABAMA. HON. R. W. HEALY, United States Marshal, Montgomery. Dear Sir: Please make the following appointments of Deputy-marshals and send their appointments to me at Selma. Very respectfully, Mobile, October 7, 1874. CHARLES E. MAYER, Chairman. 12 REPRINTING ORIGINALS To U. S. GRANT, President of the United States: Hopeless of all other relief, the people of this State have taken up arms to maintain the legal authority of the persons elected by them to the government of the state against the usurpers, etc. D. B. PENN. New Orleans, September 14., I 874. The rooms of the Republican national executive committee, Third con- gressional district of Alabama, Opelika, October 20, I 874.. The Honorable R. W. Healy, United States Marshal, Montgomery County, Alabama. _ Honorable and dear sir: When you become disgusted with receiving letters from me, telegraph, and I’ll cease writing; etc. Respectfully, CHARLES FOSTER. THE ORIGINAL PRINTED VOLUME can be used as copy for extensive extracts, or for the entire reprinting Of a volume or document, pro- vided all editorial matter is clearly and distinctly marked on the margins thereof, or on extra paper pasted to its margins. It is necessary to tear the book apart and use each page separately. After it has gone through the composition- and proof-rooms, and received the many handlings necessary, it is generally in bad shape and of little value. PROOF OF ALL TRANSCRIBED MATTER from original works or manu- scripts should, if possible, be read by the original in preference to the transcript. FOOTNOTES AVOID COLLOQIIAL TITLES for books, magazines, learned societies, their publications, standard sets, or persons. It is bad form and leads to much criticism by those who buy books. AVOID ABBREVIATED WORDS IN TITLES. They are set in smaller type, and generally occupy only part Of a line, the balance Of which is wasted. Such abbreviations only spoil the clearness of the reference. AVOID INSERTING REFERENCES to other authors in the body of the text in brackets. AVOID “SEE ANTE” and “see-post”; refer thus: see page 97. TITLES OF OTHER AUTHORS’ WORKS should be made sufliciently full tO enable the reader to enquire for the work intelligently, if unac- quainted with it. ’ REPEATED REFERENCE TO THE SAME WORK, when occurring fre- quently, shorten title after the first full reference, thus: Thwaites, op. cit, vol. xi, 2 34. REFERENCES TO THE SAME WORK occurring under each other: do not repeat author and title for the second reference,but use [one-em dash] —Ia’em. See page 14., par. (b). REFERENCES TO PRINTED MATTER should uniformly give particulars in the following order and follow example given below strictly as to type, abbreviations, punctuation, and general format: (I) Author’s name, institution, or society. (2) Initials, or full given name if necessary (Where two or more authors, initials should precede all but the first name). (3) Full primary title, or if long, sufficient title to make it perfectly Clear- (Take this from the title-page proper, never from lettering on back Of volume, from engraved-title, nor from half-title, except for series-titles only, where series-title is not given on title-page proper). (4.) Indicate edition (nearly all books Of value have gone through several editions, generally the pagination diHers in each. If your reference is not found as stated, you are credited with inaccuracy). Indicate edition by place Of publication (if published in two or more Cities, give first City only) and date (date follows title-page proper, 14 FOOTNOTES and should be the date of the particular volume or volumes cited) in parentheses. (5) Series. (I 1) Section. (6) Volume number. (12) Paragraph. (7) Part (only if paged sepa- (13) Line reference (if neces- rately). sary . (8) Chapter (only if each is (14.) Note reference (if to a note). paged separately). (1 5) Note line reference (if long (9) Page. or necessary). (10) Column. Thus: ISmith, John. History of Printing (Cleveland, 1909), third ser. ., vol. viii, part ii, chap. ix, 14.0 (or if to prefatory matter, paged in roman, then add p. or pp. and give thus: p. xxiii), col. 3, sec. ii, par. 4., line 14., note 6, line 18. If an illustration is referred to, it Will follow the page reference thus : 14o, plate 17, fig. 8. If a bibliography is given in the work, the place of publication and date should be omitted in the footnotes. EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE : (a) Bible and Apocrypha: name of book should not be abbreviated, but given thus: 22 King, viii, 14.. 3 Levitiem, ii, 7. (b) Books and Series: 4Thwaites, R. G., editor. Ear/y W ester” Travel: (Cleveland, 1906), vol. xxiv, 208, 209, 215. S—Idem, vol. xvii, 234 ff. 6—Idem, vol. xiii, 258, note 200. 7 —Ide772, vol. xi, p. xviii, line I 1. 8-—Idem, vol. xi, 305, map. 9Fleming, W. L. Documentary Hitter} qf Reeemtruetiofl (Cleveland, 1907), vol. ii, 273-275. 1° Merrick, G. B. Old Time: 071 the Upper Mz'mz'm'ppi (Cleveland, 1909), 295, appendix B. IIDavis and Durrie. I/[zm‘rated Hz’rtery of Mixyouri (St. Louis, 1876), 208. (c) Autobiographies: the name appears first, thus: 12 Finley, J. B. Auteez'ograp/yy (Cincinnati, 1854), 358. (d) Biographies: arrange under the author, thus. 13 Motley ,J L Lg’fe and Death of fake: afBameve/d (London, 1 87 5), vol. ii, 85. EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE 15 (6) (f) (g) (11) Author’s name not given on title—page, but known, should be given in square brackets, thus: 14 [Mayhew, H.] T/Je Mormotz: or Latter-day Saint: (London [1 851] ), 7 8. Date of publication not on title-page, but known, or given elsewhere in the volume (with copyright notice, at end of preface, etc.), should be given within square brackets, as illustrated above; or if entirely unknown, thus: (Cleveland, n.d.); or if both place of publication and date un— known, thus: (:./. et (1.). Author’s name not given on title-page and unknown: reference should be under first word of title (do not say “anonymous”), omitting the definite or indefinite article, thus: 15 Twelve Star: of Ozer Repoo/ie (New York, I 850), 249. IéErteye/opwdia Britomzieo (Edinburgh, I 87 5), vol. i, 641, col. 2. Unpublished manuscripts, references to, besides giving particulars necessary in the case of a book (and in the same style and format), should in addition state that it is an unpublished manuscript pre- served in such and such a library, followed by library reference numbers for locating the volume. Then should follow any state- ment as to its authenticity, value, importance, etc. Learned Societies’ and Institutions’ publications should be treated same as book references, substituting name of society or institu- tion for the author, thus: I7 Wisconsin State Historical Society. Collection: (Madison, 1902), vol. xv1, 319. Islllinois State Historical Library. Collection: (Springfield, 1902), vol. ii, Virginia ser., vol. i, p. cxvii. 19 New York Historical Society. Col/eetiom for 1871 (New York, I 87 2), publication fund ser., “Lee Papers,” vol. i, 4.3 8 -44.0. 20American Historical Association. Ammo! report for 1900 (Washing- ton, 1901), vol. ii, 153. 21Institution of Civil Engineers. illimzte: of Proeeediog: (London, 1 882), vol. lxvii, 303. 22 Shelley Society. Poo/ieotiom (London, I 888), first ser., no. I, “The Shelley Society’s Papers,” part 1, 72. 233 Columbia University. Studie: it: Hi:tory, Economic:, and Poo/it Law (New York, I 896), vol. v, no. 2, I 3 5, note 6. 24 New York State Library. Eighty-fourtb Ammo! Report (Albany, 1902), 64.7. 25 Boston Public Library. Memo/y Bulletitz of Book: added (Boston, 1 897), vol. ii, 23. 26American Library Association. Paper: and Proceeding: of twenty-:ixt/y Gettera/ Meetittg (A-L.A., 1904), 99. 16 FOOTNOTES (i) (k) 'Where a society neither adopts a general title covering its publi- cations, nor issues them under such title, but issues each volume With a separate title, merely stating on half—title, back of volume, or foot of title-page that it is printed for, or issued by, the society (this generally applies only to societies reprinting earlier works), give thus: 27Thynn, Francis. Deéate oetween Pride and Lou/liner: (London, Shakespeare Society, 1 841), 29. Federal and State Publications, and publications of other Nations: not necessary, where U.S. or name of state is given, to give place of publication. 33U.S. Congreuional Glooe, 3 3d congress, first session, vol. xxviii, part iii, 2225 E. 29U.S. Congreuional Record, 55th congress, third sessiOn, vol. xxxii, part iii, 40. 3°U.S. House. Mitcellaneou: Documenty, 47th congress, first session, no. 66, vol. v, Cyrus Thomas’s “Study of the Manuscript Troano,” pp. xxvii and 63. 31U.S. House. Reportc, 34th congress, first session,vol. iii, no. 200, 48. 3"- U.S. Senate. Executive Document1, 33d congress, second session, no. 78, vol. iii, part iii, 33. 33 U.S. Bureau of Ethnology. Fourteentli Annual Report, part i, 515, note 3. 34 U.S. Geog. and Geol. Survey of Rocky Mountain Region. Contriou- tiont to Nortly flrnerican Etlznology, vol. iii, 522 if. 35 Oficial Record: of Union and Confederate Navies in War of Reeellion (Washington, I 903), first ser., vol. xvii, 4.20, plate. 36 Smitloconian Contrioutiont to Knowledge (Washington, I 870), no. 220, 8 5. 37 New York Colony. 7ournal of tbe Legit/atiue Council, 1743-1775 (Albany, 1861), 1915. This work is really in two volumes, but not so indicated on title. Vol. i extends from 1691 to 174.3, vol. ii from 174.3 to 1775. In such cases the dates should be added to title and volume number omitted. 38 Ohio Geol. Survey. Report, vol. iv, part i, 907. 39 Report: 5): H. M. Secretariat of Entoauy and Legation on nzanu- facturer, commerce, etc.,for I866 (London, 1866), no. 14., 4.4.3. 40 Force, Peter. American Arc/zine: (Washington, 18 5 3), fifth ser., vol. iii, 1534. Magazines: refer to, by volume, not by year, month, etc. Give place of publication but omit date. 41 United Service Magazine (London), new ser., vol. viii, 64.3. 42 Annual Regicter (London), vol. i, 27 5. 43 Granite Mont/oly (Dover, N.H.), vol. vii, I72. EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE 17 (1) 44 Cambridge (Eng.) Review, vol. xi, 214. 45 Cincinnati (Ohio) Quarterly 7aurual of Science, vol. ii, 79. 46 W extotzicm (Westtown, Pa. ), vol. i, 8 5. Newspapers: (1) Refer to, by date—(2) add p. for page— (3) whether name of city, state, etc. forms part of the printed title on first page or not, set in roman—(4) indicate state or country, also where necessary name of city, Within parentheses; thus: 47New York Herald, Jan. I 5, 1882, p. I 1, col. 4. 48New York Aléiau, April 22, I 848, p. 197, col. 2. 49 Cleveland (Ohio) Leader, March 4, I 909, p. 4, col. 5. 5° Atlanta (Ga.) Daily Iatelligeucer, March 14, I 863, p. 2, col. 6. 5‘London (Eng.) Couraut arid Wertmimter Clerauicle, Dec. 30, I779, p. 3, col. 3. 52London (Eng.) Timer,]an. 27, 1853, p. 5, col. 6. 53 Daily Ric/Jmaua’ (Va.) Examiuer, May 6, I 864, p. 2, col. 3. 54 Sautberu Cbrirtiau Advocate (Charleston, S.C.), Nov. I 5, 1860, p. 3, col. 7. 55 London (Eng.) Pullic Advertixer, Dec. I 8, I 777, p. 3, col. 3. 56Bomzer aud Middletau’r Brirtol (Eng.) jaurual, Feb. 27, I 779, p. 1, col. 3. 57Iowa Repualicaa (Iowa City), June Io, I 853, p. 2, col. 2. 58 Weekly Platte (City, Mo.) Argue, Dec. I 5, I 852, p. 3, col. 2. (m) Articles or Chapters in other printed sources, refer to thus: (0) 59 See “Educational Conditions in Mississippi,” in W. L. Fleming’s Documentary Hirtory of Recomtructiau, vol. ii, 204— 205. 6°Printed in full in “Causes of the Ku Klux Movement,” in W. L. Fleming’s Documentary Hiytory of Recamtructiou, vol. ii, 3 3 I f. 6‘ See E. H. Walworth’s “Battle of Saratoga,” in Magaziae of Ameri- can Hixtory (New York), vol. i, part i, 27 3 ff. ‘52 See W. Bondy’s “Separation of Governmental Powers,” in Columbia University Studie: in Hittary, Ecaflomict, aucl Pualic Law (New York, 1896), vol. v, no. 2. Plays, Poems, etc., thus: 63 Shakespeare’s “Hamlet,” act iii, scene 2, line 3 I . 64—“ Henry VI,” part 2, act iv, scene 6, line 20. 65 Byron’s ClJilcie Harald’: Pilgrimage, canto iv, stanza I 2, line 6. 66“By-laws,” art. iii, sec. 7, par. 3, line 8. Law Book references, thus: 67“Monnett 72. Columbus R. .Co.,” Ohio Circuit Courts Repartt, new ser., vol. iv, 369. 68“Toledo 1/. Elevator Co.,” Ohio Nisi Prius Repartt, vol. vii, 98. 69“State v. Sullivan,” Ohio Circuit Courts Repartj, vol. xv, 477; also Ohio Circuit Deciriom, vol. viii, 347. 7°“State u. Beecher,” Ohio Reportr, vol. XV, 724. 18 FOOTNOTES 7I “Traction Co. 7/. Hamilton Co. ,” Ohio State Reports, vol. lxix, 410; also Nort/J Eartertz Reportr, vol. lxix, 991. 72 Ohio Rem’red Stan/er, sect. 3 I 84, div. c; amended, vol. xcv, “Laws”, 210. 73 Ohio State Reportr, vol. X, 3 3. AUTHORITY FOLLOWING QUOTATION directly, separate by an “en” dash, but omit dash in similar cases to note 75, thus: 74“McLemore was not unfrequently elected by the brethren composing the Association.”—W. L. Fleming, Demmetztezry Hirtory of Reeamtrue- tz'otz, vol. ii, 247. 75“McLemore . . . was not unfrequently elected by the breth- ren.” The statement is given in full in W. L. Fleming’s Daeztmentary Hirtory of Reeomtruetiofl, vol. ii, 247. AUTHORITY PRECEDING QUOTATION, arrange thus: 76W. L. Fleming in Documentary Hirtory of Rewmtruttiatz (vol. ii, 103) says: “McLemore was not, etc.” DO NOT DIVIDE YOUR AUTHORITY putting part at the beginning of your footnote and the balance at the end. Avoid all such foot- notes as: *Benton says in reference to the Jackson Resolutions, in his Thirty Tearr’ View,that “their representatives in both branches of the General Assembly opposed them at the time of their adoption.” (vol. ii, 361.) REFERENCE To AUTHORITY, OR ANNOTATIONS, wit/yin afootnote should be given in brackets thus: According to Thwaites [Eddy Western Travelr, vol. xviii, 14.6] four other Astorians discovered it. It was reprinted by a Montreal publisher U. M. Valois] in l 892. FOOTNOTES BELONGING To QJOTED MATTER: for treatment of such, see page IO. FOOTNOTE NUMBERS should be separated from first letter of the note by a thin space. SIDE-NOTES, CUT-IN-NOTEs, AND SHOULDER—NOTES should be avoided. They are very expensive, and unless handled with great care spoil the appearance of the page. BIBLIOGRAPHY These suggestions apply only to the usual bibliography of works used,to be consulted by reader, or of collateral reading. They do not apply to a complete scientific bibliography of a given subject. AVOID COLLOQUIAL TITLES and abbreviations in titles. Do NOT CLASSIFY UNDER DIFFERENT HEADS, such as books, manu- scripts, periodicals, pamphlets, biographies, newspapers, etc. ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT should be strictly followed: (a) (b) (C) (d) (e) (f) (:5) Where author’s or editor’s name is given in title, arrange under same, thus: THWAITES, R. G., editor. Autobiographies, under name of person Whose autobiography it is, thus: F INLEY, J. B. Autobiography. Biographies, under the author of the biography, thus: MOTLEY, J. L. Life etc. of Barneveld. Author’s name not given on title-page, but known, in square brackets, thus: [MAYHEW, H.] . Author’s name not given on title-page and unknown, under first word of title omitting definite or indefinite articles (do not say “ anonymous”), thus: Twelve Stars of Our Republic. Unpublished manuscripts should be alphabetized same as books. Learned Societies’ and Institutions’ publications, under the name of the society or institution, thus: CORRECZ Illinois University Western Pennsylvania University Wisconsin State Historical Society California Geographical Society [definite] Geographical Society of the Pacific [indefinite] Old Newbury [Mass.] Historical Society New London County [Conn.] Historical Society Newburgh Bay and the Highlands [N. Y.] Historical Society INCORRECT University of Illinois Western University of Pennsylvania State Historical Society of Wisconsin Geographical Society of California Pacific Geographical Society Historical Society of Old Newbury New London [Conn] County Historical Society 20 BIBLIOGRAPHY (h) (i) (i) (k) CORRECT St. Louis [MO.] Academy of Science American Library Publishing Board American Archaeological Institute, Southwest Society Civil Engineers’ Institution American Society of Civil Engineers American Huguenot Society International Historical Congress Army of the Potomac, Society of the Agricultural Science, Society for Promotion of Audubon Societies, National Associ- ation of Australasia, Royal Geographical Society of Canada, Royal Society of Association, INCORRECT Academy of Science of St. Louis Publishing Board of the American Library Association Southwest Society of the Archw- ological Institute of America Institution of Civil Engineers Huguenot Society of America Society of the Army of the Potomac Society for Promotion ongricultur‘ al Science National Association of Audubon’s Societies Royal Geographical Society of Australasia Royal Society of Canada Geographical Society, Royal Where a society neither adopts a general title covering its publi- cations nor issues them under such title, but issues each volume with a separate title, merely stating on back of volume, half-title, or at foot of title-page that it is printed for, or issued by, the society (this generally applies only to societies reprinting earlier works), arrange under author’s name and add name of society between place of publication and date. See example, page 16, par. (i). Federal and State Publications, under U.S. or name of state. See examples, page 16, par. (j). Magazines, under first word of title, omitting definite or indefinite articles. Newspapers, under first word of title, prefixing name of city for local papers where the title consists of one or two words only. See examples, page I 7, par. (1). (1) Articles or Chapters in other printed sources should be listed thus: F LEMING,W. L. Educational Conditions in Mississippi: in his Documentary History of Reconstructim (Cleveland, 1907), vol. ii, 204-205. WALWORTH, E. H. Battle of Saratoga: in Magazine of flmerican IIz'sz‘ory (New York, 1877), vol. i, part i, 273 ff. UNIFORMITT OF PflR TICULARS 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY SHOULD UNIFORMLY GIVE particulars in the following order (and follow example given below strictly as to type, abbrevia- tions, punctuation, and general format): (I) Author’s. name, institution, or society. (2) Initials or full given name if necessary; where two or more authors, initials should precede all but the first name. (3) Full primary title or if long sufficient title to make it perfectly clear. (Take this from the title—page proper; never from lettering on back of volume, engraved-title, nor half-title except for series- title only, where series-title is not given on title-page proper.) (4.) Series, if necessary to be stated, as: American booklovers’ series. (5) Edition, if necessary to state edition. (6) Place Of publication, first city only where two or more cities are given. (7) Publisher, if necessary, but can generally be omitted. (8) Date, if the set is in more than one volume, the title-pages of the first and last volumes should be examined, as frequently the dates vary, and where they vary should be given thus: 190 5-1 906. If date is not given on title-page but known or given elsewhere in the volume, viz., with copyright notice or at end of preface, it should be given within square brackets; but if entirely unknown, thus: Cleveland, n.d.; or if both place of publication and date unknown, thus: (5.]. at d.). (9) Number of volumes, omit unless in two or more volumes. (IO)Size, if necessary to be given, but in bibliographies of this kind the size can generally be omitted. (I I)If a pamphlet, state: pamphlet. Thus: SMITH, JOHN. History of Printing (American booklovers’ series), fourth edition,considerably enlarged (Cleveland, the Arthur H. Clark Company, 1905—1909), 30 vols., 8vo., pamphlet. Beginning a new paragraph and printed in smaller type, should then be given any statement necessary regarding the work or manuscript, its value, manner of treatment, reference to its illustrations, collation, in fact any matter necessary to be stated regarding the work. (Location, shelf number, etc. should be carefully given for manuscripts.) EXAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHY: THWAITES, R. G., editor. Early Western Travels, 1748-1846 (Cleveland, 1904-1908), 32 vols. 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY DAVIS, W. B. and D. S. Durrie. Illustrated History of Missouri (St. Louis, 1876). ' F INLEY, J. B. Autobiography (Cincinnati, I 8 54). QUINCY, JOSIAH, of Massachusetts. Life of, by his son, Edmund Quincy (Boston, 1868). MOTLEY, J. L. Life and Death of John of Barneveld, Advocate of Holland, with view Of the primary causes and movements of the Thirty Years’ War (London, Murray, 187 5), 2 vols. Rise of Dutch Republic, a history (New York [I 85 5] ), 3 vols. [MAYHEW, H.] The Mormons or Latter-day Saints,with memoir of the life and death Of Joseph Smith (London, 185 I). ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, tenth edition (Edinburgh, I 875 - I903), 35 vols. ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL LIBRARY. Collections, vol. ii,Virginia ser., vol. i, Cahokia Records, I 778-2“ 790, edited by C. W. Alvord (Springfield, 1907). WISCONSIN STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Collections (Madison, 1855-1902), 16 vols. THYNN, FRANCIS. Debate between Pride and Lowliness, reprinted from the edition by John Charlwood, with introduction and notes by J. Payne Collier (London, Shakespeare Society, 184.1). U.S. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 55th congress, third session, vol. xxxii, part iii, and vol. xxxiv, part i(Washington, I 899). OHIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Report, vol. iv, Zoélogy and Botany, part i, Zoélogy (Columbus, 1882). For other illustrations of Federal and State publications see page 16, par. (j), but type and general format must be as above. FORCE, PETER. American Archives, fifth ser. (Washington, I 84.8 - 1851), 3 vols. UNITED SERVICE MAGAZINE, new series (London, 1892-1894), vols. v, vi, viii. NEW YORK HERALD, Sept. 8, 1878 to Jan. 15, 1882. [NEW YORK] ALBION, April 22, 184.8. CLEVELAND [Ohio] LEADER, March 4, 1909. [LONDON, Eng] TIMES, Jan. 27, I 853. WEEKLY PLATTE [CITY, MO.] ARGUS, Dec. 5-12, 1852. MAPS TO BE INCLUDED IN BIBLIOGRAPHY: arrange alphabetically under “ Map,” followed by name of cartographer, full title, place Of publication, publisher, and date, thus: OF MAPS, DOCUMENTARYSERIES, ETC. 23 MAP: MOLL, H. A. New Map of northern parts of America claimed by France under the names of Louisiana, Mississippi, Canada, and New France, with ye adjoining territories of Eng- land and Spain (London, I720). WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR, occurring under each other do not repeat author but use a two-em dash. See page 22, Motley. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DOCUMENTS OR REPRINTS PUBLISHED IN A SERIES, see Thwaites’s yesuz't Relations and Allied Documents, vol. lxxi, I 82 H1, or better format in Thwaites’s Early Western T ravels, vol. xxxi, 13 HI; also see Blair, E. H. and J. A. Robertson, editors. T be Pln'lz'ppz'ne Islands, 1493 -I898, vol. liii, 100 H. (Printed Titles),and 14.3 H". (Manuscripts). INDEX SHOULD BE PREPARED BY THE AUTHOR on separate slips, which he should assemble and alphabetize after all are made, making new slips Where there is more than one reference to be assembled. The slips should come to us pasted in strict alphabetical order on sheets about 8 x 10 inches. SHOULD BE PREPARED FROM A SET of final corrected page-proofs to be furnished to author by us. ALL INDEXES To HISTORICAL WORKS should, in addition to including all names, etc., give a careful synopsis and classification by subjects of the contents. A good example of such an index is Pigafetta, A. Magellan’s Voyage arouna’ t/oe World, edited and indexed by Doctor James A. Robertson (Cleveland, 1906). The first word of each item, however, should not occupy an entire line but be run on to save space. ALL MATTER CONTAINED IN THE VOLUME or volumes Should be in- cluded in the index, viz: preface, introduction, footnotes, biblio- graphy, appendices, etc. ALL PRINTED MATTER or manuscripts should be alphabetized in a similar manner to that given on page 19. ABBREVIATIONS given under the head of “Abbreviations” may all be used in the index. Beyond these very few abbreviations Should be used, although the references should be made as terse as possible. “MC” AND “ M’ ” should be treated just as though they were Spelled “Mac” and should be arranged in alphabetical order with all other words beginning with “mac”, thus : McAdams M’Bride McMillen M’Arthur Macby (Tenn. ) M’ Mullen Macaws MacMahon Macon (111.) ITALICS for titles of books, magazines, newspapers, foreign words, etc., should be used as in the text proper. CROSS-REFERENCES IN THE INDEX should be given thus: (see Cleve- land); (see also Cleveland); (see above Cleveland: Suburbs); 208 (see also note 10); 302 (note 3). References to other heads in the index, thus: see Footnotes; see Bibliography; see Manuscripts. CROSS REFERENCES, TYPOGRAPHICAL STYLE, ETC. 25 TYPOGRAPHICALLY the general style of the index in T. L. De Vinne’s Correct Composition should be followed with the exceptions noted in this section. THE INDEX SHOULD BE SET in double columns with a hanging inden- tion of one-em; except in the case of indexes to long series which, on account of the extensive references, should be set full measure with a hanging indention of one-em. PERIOD should be omitted at the end of all paragraphs of the index. RUNNING-HEADS of Index should give the title of the work, as used over the body-matter, on the left-hand page and the word “Index” on the right-hand page. In extensive indexes, in the running-headlines within square brackets, should be given on the left-hand page the first alphabetical word thereon and on the right-hand page the last alphabetical word thereon. ILLUSTRATIONS COPY FOR THESE must be received by us complete with the manu- script for each volume. EACH ILLUSTRATION SHOULD BE NUMBERED, preferably in the upper right-hand corner. THEIR LOCATION in the manuscript should be indicated on the left- hand margin thereof, thus: [Illustration 1] , etc. LEGENDS, or matter to be printed under each illustration, should also be received at the same time, prepared in similar manner to foot- notes, viz: the number of the illustration should precede the legend therefor and be arranged in numerical order. PHOTOGRAPHS FOR PORTRAITS, VIEWS, FACSIMILFS, etc., should prefer- ably be on velox paper and, if possible, 5 x 7 inches in size. In general, illustrations cut from other books make very poor repro- ductions unless redrawn, which is expensive. Half-tones can not be reproduced. COPY FOR MAPS FOR PLAIN BLACK AND WHITE reproductions should be strong photographs, or drawn on White paper with india ink and carefully lettered. The drawing should be generally four times larger than the size to be reproduced in the volume. MAPS TO BE REPRODUCED IN COLORS, or drawn on wax, special in— structions or copy will be needed, according to the nature of the map and number of colors to be used. “LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS” to appear in the front of the volume should be prepared by us after the illustrations are reproduced. PLATES CONTAINING A NUMBER OF FIGURES to be numbered in arabic and referred to in the text or in the legend: do not place “fig.” be- fore them, use the arabic number only. HALF-TONES should (a) be run on coated book, toned, and of a slightly greater bulk than the body paper—(b) be reproduced by the I 50 -line screen unless specially instructed to use finer screen—(c) not have a ruled line around them. ZINC-ETCHINGS Should be run on the same paper as the body of the book. COPPER-ETCHINGS may have to be used for specially fine line work. PROCESSES OF REPRODUCTION 27 PHOTOGRAVURE, gelatine-process, etc., reproductions are not to be used except when specially ordered by the office. PROOFS of all illustrations will be needed in quadruplicate. SPELLING FOLLOW Webster’s International Dictionary, last edition, with the fol-. lowing exceptions: (a) Quoted matter and reprinted matter from early editions or from original manuscripts follow the original absolutely as to spelling, capitalization, and punctuation. (b) Substitute “e” for ac and (13 in words which have been adopted from other languages, also in classical nouns, thus: archeological Eneid Phebe Cesar subpenal Linnean (c) Words and names not in the dictionary or irregularly spelled by request of the author must be made uniform throughout. The responsibility for this must rest with the author. (d) Compound words: follow directions in De Vinne’s Correct Composition (New York, 1902), chap. iii, but use as authority: Teall, F. H. Englisb Compound Words and Plyrases (New York, 1892), or last edition. (e) Hyphenate: half-tone, zinc—etching, copper-etching, silver- etching. (f) Can not should always be printed as two words. (g) A while, when used as a noun, should be printed as two words. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES: follow: (1) United States Board on Geographic Names. Report, 1890-1891 (Washington, 1892), and Supplements thereto. These decisions are followed in the United States Oficial Portal Guide. (2) Smith, B. E., editor. Century Cyclopedia of Name: (New York [I 894] ), or later edition. (3) Smith, B. E., editor. Century dtla: of tlze World (New York {1899] ), or last edition. 4.) Geographic names not in any of the above, leave responsibility- for spelling with author. PROPER NAMES: follow: (1) Smith, B. E.,. editor. Century Cyclopedia of Name: (New York [I 894] ), or later edition. (2) Any good biographical dictionary, preferably, Leslie Stephens and Sidney Lee’s Dictionary of National Biography (London, I88 5-. 1901), 63 vols., and Supplement, 3 vols. NAMES OF INDIAN TRIBES, AUTHORS, ETC. 29 NAMES OF INDIAN TRIBES, BANDS, etc: follow: The Published Decisions of the Bureau of American Ethnology and the Indian Bureau. ENGLISH AUTHORS and Titles of their Books: follow: (I) Larned, J. N., editor. Literature of American History, a Bihlio- graphical Guide (Boston, I 902), and Supplements thereto, published by the American Library Association and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. ( 2) Allibone, S. A. Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors (Philadelphia, 1899), 3 vols., With Supplement by J. F. Kirk, 2 vols. (3) Lowndes,W. T. Bihliographer’s Manual of English Literature (London, 187 I), or later date, 4 vols. (4.) The American Catalogue of Books, beginning in 1861 and still being published (New York, Publishers’ Weekly Office). (5) The English Catalogue of Books, beginning In I 835 and still be- ing published (London, Sampson Low & Co. ). FRENCH AUTHORS and Titles of their Books: follow: Lorenz, O. H. Catalogue géneral de la lihrairieflangaise, beginning in 184.0 and still being published (Paris, 1867- . GERMAN AUTHORS and Titles of their Books: follow: Hinrichs, J. C. Katalog der im deutschen Buchhandel erschienenen Bu'eher, zeitschriften Landkarten, beginning in 1797 and still being published (Leipzig, 1798- ). ITALIAN AUTHORS and Titles of their Books: follow: (I) Hoepli, Ulrico. Catalogo completo, 1871- -1905 (Milan, 1905). (2) Associazione tipografico- libreria italiana. Catalogogenerale della lzhrerza ztalzana,184.71899,and stillpublishing(Milan,1901- ). SPANISH AUTHORS and Titles of their Books: follow: (I) Ticknor, George. Catalogue of his Spanish Library and Portu- guese Books bequeathed to Boston Public Library, compiled by J. L. Whitney (Boston, Public Library, I 879). (2) H idalgo, Dionisio. Diccionario general de hibliografia espanola (Madrid, 1862-1881), 7 vols. PSEUDONYMS: follow: (I) Halkett, S. and John Laing. Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseu- donymous Literature of Great Britian, including works of foreigners written in or translated into the English Language (Edinburgh, 1 882- 1888), 4. vols. (2) Cushing, W. Initials and Pseudonyms: a dictionary of literary dis- guises (New York, 1886-1888), 2 vols. 30 SPELLING AMERICAN LEARNED SOCIETIES and Titles of their Publications: follow: (I) Carnegie Institution of Washington. Handboob of Learned Societies and Institutions, flmerica (Washington, 1908). (2) Bowker, R. R. Publications of Societies, a provisional list ofpubli- cations of dmerican scientific, literary, and otber societies (New York, Publishers’ Weekly, I899). MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS: follow: (1) Chicago Library Club. List of Serials in Public Libraries qf Cbicago and Evanston, with Supplements thereto prepared by the John Crerar Library (Chicago, J. C. L., 1901-1903), 2 vols. (2) Blair, E. H. .dnnotated Catalogue of Newspaper Files in Library of State Historical Society of Wisconsin (Madison, 1898). (3) Bolton, H. C. Catalogue of Scientific and Tecbnical Periodicals, I 665 - I 895 (Washington, Smithsonian Institution, I 897). MEDICAL AND CHEMICAL NAMES AND TERMS: follow: Gould, G. M. Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine, Biology, and allied Sciences (Philadelphia, I 894), or last edition. ARABIC AND ROMAN NUMERALS NUMERALS SHOULD BE AVOIDED as much as possible in the text (they should be spelled out) except where arabic numerals appear fre- quently in a sentence or paragraph and are complex, comparative, or where the text requires figures to convey the meaning Clearly. NUMERALS SHOULD NEVER BEGIN A SENTENCE. They should be Spelled out, even if numerals are used immediately after. USE TWENTY-EIGHT HUNDRED SIXTY in preference to two thousand eight hundred and sixty, except for years. SPELL OUT DEGREES of inclination, heat, and specific gravity in the body of text. NUMERICAL NAMES FOR STREETS, avenues, sessions, wards, districts, regiments, congresses, etc., should always be spelled out and the number hyphenated. See examples page 4.6, par. (W). NUMBERS preceding numerical names should be in arabic numerals, thus: 1076 F ifth-fifth street. ADJECTIVES FORMED FROM A NUMERAL AND A NOUN should be spelled out and hyphenated, thus: a four-inch plank, a two-foot rule, a twelve-story building, a ten—horsepower engine, a two hundred-volt current. (In tabular matter, or where abbreviation is necessary, or allowable, the numeral and the noun should be hyphenated thus: 4—inch, 2-foot, I 2-story, etc.) SIZES OF BOOKS should generally be spelled out in the text, thus: sexto- decimo, duodecimo, octaVO, quarto, but in Bibliography and F oot- notes they should always be abbreviated. MONEY IN ODD SUMS should be given in figures, thus: $18.36, £ I7 18s. IId. In such cases if even amounts occur in the same para- graph these also Should be in figures. NUMERALS SHOULD ALWAYS BE USED in tabular matter. NUMBERS OF FIVE OR MORE FIGURES should have commas inserted, thus: 15,247; 1,768,239. CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS should be given thus: 282—298, or 282, 283, 291, 298 (never use 282-98 or 282-3). WHEN THE NUMBER OF VOLUMES is to be indicated by numerals use 32 flRABIC AND ROMAN NUMERALS arabic figures when the number precedes “volume” but roman numerals, lower-case, when following “volume.” ' DECIMAL FRACTIONS standing alone should be given in figures, thus: .4713. COMMON FRACTIONS written in full should be hyphenated, thus: two- thirds, five-sixteenths. These should not be hyphenated, however, when used before a definite object, as: Two fifths of the estate passed to a cousin. Where the numerator or denominator exceeds twenty, the hyphen should be omitted between them, thus: thirty- seven eighty-fifths, forty-three ninety-thirds. NUMERICAL ABBREVIATIONS, when allowable, should be as follows: (a) ISt, 2d, 4th, Istly, 2dly, 33d, 64mo, 12mo, 8vo, 4to. (b) Such abbreviations as the above do not require the period. TIME OF DAY: . (a) Should always be spelled out, thus: ten O’clock in the morning (never use I 0 O’clock); half-past ten in the evening; twelve o’clock noon. (b) If abbreviated, use 10 a.m.; 10:30 p.m. DATES should be given thus: (a) January I, 1909 but the first of January, 1909 January I but the first of January January, 1909 (b) Indicate consecutive years thus: 1893-1898 never 1893-98 1893, 1895, 1898 never 1893-8 nor 1893 ’94 (c) Years when spelled out should be given thus: one thousand nine hundred nine not nineteen hundred and nine. ROMAN NUMERALS should be spelled out, but when allowable to ab- breviate use the following forms: King George the second King George II. the nineteenth century xixth century the twenty-third dynasty xxiiid dynasty MDCCCCIX always use shortest form MCMIX SIZE OF TYPE FOR ROMAN NUMERALS, where not already covered under types, should be queried before sending copy to compositors. ABBREVIATIONS AVOID ABBREVIATIONS eSpecially in the text. In tabular matter,bibliog— raphy, footnotes, indexes, and where space is limited, abbreviations may be necessary. Avoid those not absolutely clear to the average reader. For abbreviations in general use, see Webster’s International ' Dzetzanary, Appendix. UNIFORMITY MUST PREVAIL where used, thus: do not use in one place “Am.” and in another “Amer.” for America. ABBREVIATIONS SHOULD NEVER begin a sentence, if avOidable. AVOID ABBREVIATIONS in such bad taste as the following: Xmas, ths., N.Y. (for New York City), Jno., W’m, Cha’s, sec’y, pres’t, etc. ALWAYS ABBREVIATE (and set as given below): (a) Honorary titles or degrees when following proper names, thus: M.D., LL.D., PH.D., O\.C., etc. (b) Catholic religious orders when following names, thus: S.J., c.ss.R., O.S.A., O.F.M., O.S.B., C.s.P., P.R., O.P., C.P., C.M., etc. (c) When preceding the name of a steamship, thus: 8.8., R.M.S., U. S. 8., etc. (d) a. m. ., p. m., e. g., q. 7)., et a[., etc. (never repeat it and never use &c. ), cf., et seq. ., i. e., Viz., B. C., A. D., A. M., A. H. ,.A U. C. (when re- ferring to years). ALWAYS SPELL OUT: (a) Cape, Fort, Mount, Point, Port, Saint, etc., when used as part of a name. (b) Directions used as part of a name, thus: East Cleveland, North Main Street, Third avenue northwest, etc. (c) Idem, in low, per, zet supra, ‘vide. (d) Page, when referring to another page in the same volume as that in which the reference occurs. ABBREVIATIONS PREFERRED, are: (a) Months and Days: Jan. March May July Sept. Nov. Feb. April June Aug. Oct. Dec. Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. 34 ABBREVIATIONS (b) States: Alabama Ala. Montana . Mont Alaska Alaska Nebraska . Nebr Arizona Ariz. Nevada . Nev. Arkansas Ark. New Hampshire N. H. California . Calif. New Jersey N. J. Colorado . Colo. New Mexico N. Mex Connecticut Conn. New York N. Y. Delaware . Del. North Carolina . N. C. Florida Fla. North Dakota N. Dak Georgia Ga. Ohio . Ohio Idaho Idaho Oklahoma Okla Illinois Ill. Oregon Ore Indiana Ind. Pennsylvania Pa. Indian Territory Ind. T. Rhode Island R. I .' Iowa Ia. South Carolina . S. C. Kansas Kans South Dakota S. Dak Kentucky . Ky. Tennessee Tenn Louisiana . La. Texas Tex. Maine . Me. Utah Utah Maryland . Md. Vermont . Vt. Massachusetts Mass. Virginia . Va. Michigan . Mich. Washington Wash Minnesota Minn. West Virginia W. Va Mississippi Miss. Wisconsin Wis. Missouri . Mo. Wyoming Wyo (0) Books of the Bible and Apocrypha: Acts Ezek. Joshua Amos Ezra Jude Baruch Gal. Judges Bel and Dragon Gen. Judith 1 Chron. Hab. I Kings 2 Chron. Hag. 2 Kings Col. Heb. Lam. I Cor. Hos. Lev. 2 Cor. Isa. Luke Dan. Jas. I Mace. Deut. Jer. 2 Macc. Eccles. Job Mal. Ecclus. Joel Mark Eph. John Matt. I Esdras I John Micah 2 Esdras 2 John Nahum Esther 3 John Neh. Ex. Jonah Num. OF SIGNS, HONORARY TITLES, ETC. 35 (j) Obed. Rev. I Thess. I Peter Rom. 2 Thess. 2 Peter Ruth I Tim. Phil. I Sam. 2 Tim. Philem. 2 Sam. Titus Pr. of Manasses Song of Sol. Tobit Prov. Song of Three Wisdom of Sol. Psalms Children Zech. Rest of Esther Susanna Zeph. When referred to in the body matter, name should be given in full and spelled out thus: the Art: oft/16 Apart/er. Mathematical and Astronomical signs and abbreviations: follow De Vinne, 4.6-4.7. Commercial and Apothecary signs: follow same, 47. Ecclesiastical signs and abbreviations: follow same, 48. Medieval abbreviations: follow same, 49, par. 3. Dialect and Slang: follow same, 50. Ms., Mss. (manuscripts); p., pp. (pages); St., 88. (Saints); St., Sts. (Streets); Mr., Mrs., MM. (Messieurs or Mesdames); lb. (for both singular and plural). Stg. (sterling); if. (following); pro tem.; per cent; prox.; inst.; ult. HONORARY TITLES should be given thus (but where abbreviations are absolutely necessary omit letters in square brackets): Mr. John Smith or John Smith, Esq. John Smith, Esq., LL.D. or Doctor Smith Prof [essor] John Smith or Professor Smith Gen [eral] John Smith, U.S.A. or General Smith Capt [ain] John Smith or Captain Smith the Rev [erend] John Smith, D.D. but Doctor Smith the reverend gentleman never the Reverend Smith the Most Rev [erend] John Smith but Archbishop Smith John Smith Jr., Esq., PH.D. but Mr. Smith Junior, or Doctor Smith Jr. ' Brig [adier] -gen [eral] John Smith but Brigadier-general Smith Lieut [enant] -col [onel] John Smith but Lieutenant-colonel Smith the Right Hon [orable] John Smith but the Right Honorable Gentleman The Right Rev [erend] John Smith but Bishop Smith the Hon [orable] John Smith, at- torney-general but Attorney-general Smith the Hon [orable] John Smith but Judge Smith Arthur Wellesley, third duke of Wellington but the third Duke of Wellington King George the third but George III. , king of Great Britian 36 ABBREVIATIONS the Hon [orable] Theodore Roose- velt, president of the United States but President Roosevelt chief clerk John Smith acting captain John Smith ABBREVIATION of any of the following, when used as titles, should especially be avoided: Bro [ther] Sister Mother Sup [erio] r Sec [retary] Dir [ector] Pres [ident] Libr [arian] Sup [erintenden]t Maj [or] AMPERSAND (85) AVOID except in names of firms and corporations, but preferred spelled out even then. BROTHER or Brothers in firm names should always be spelled out. “ CO.” FOR COMPANY should only be used after the character “&” thus: R. B. Jasper & Co. but R. B. Jasper and Company TAYLOR, SCOTT & CO. but THE TAYLOR, SCOTT COMPANY ABBREVIATIONS approved under heads of bibliography, footnotes, and index, do not apply to the text proper of the work. PUNCTUATION, ETC. There are few definite rules for punctuation. Punctuation should help to carry the thought intended quickly and clearly. Preference is given to the open system, that is of using punctuation as sparingly as possible. OMIT ALL PUNCTUATION (except the period for abbreviation) at the end of all display lines, at the end of names set in columns, at the end of lines of tabular matter, and at the end of paragraphs in the index. USE ROMAN PUNCTUATION ENTIRELY except in the midst of italic matter. Follow De Vinne, chapter XV (page references in parentheses are thereto), with the following exceptions: COMMA (a) Omit between a name and Jr. and Sr., thus: John Smith Jr. (b) More than two persons or things connected by and or or, follow each by a comma, thus: books, magazines, and newspapers. (c) Parentheses, not commas, should be used to enclose strictly parenthetical matter. PERIOD (a) Nicknames are not abbreviations ; omit period after them, thus: Tom, Fred, Jim, Ed, Tim, etc. (b) Omit, after roman numerals when used as figures, except when ' indicating a series. (c) Use after roman numerals when part of name, thus: King Rich- . ard III. and James V. (d) Omit, after such abbreviations as 33d, Ist, 4to, B street, par. f, sec. 111, etc. (e) Omit after per cent and possessive form of company, thus: Co’s. (f ) Omit as abbreviation sign when it immediately precedes the colon, thus: viz: e.g: i.e: etc: INTERROGATION POINT should be used only to mark the end of a question that requires an answer (see especially 279-280). EXCLAMATION POINT: do not use after O or Oh (see especially 281- 283) 38 PUNC‘TUATION, ETC. HYPHEN: use the hyphen in such cases as cork- and thumb-screw. DASH (e) (f) (g) (h) (0 Always use an “en” dash unless specially ordered otherwise. In bibliography for repetition of name, use a two-em dash. In footnotes for repetition of work cited, use a one-em dash. In dialogue or question and answer, use a one-em dash, thus: Lawyer—Why did you ask that question? Witness —- I was obeying orders. In footnotes between quoted matter and authority, use a one-en dash. A dash should be omitted after a set of leaders indicating deletion. All dashes to be hair-spaced at both ends, except between the dash and a superior figure, a comma, a period, or quotation marks. Where dash is used no other punctuation is necessary. Should not be used to enclose strictly parenthetical matter. PARENTHESES (a) (b) (C) (d) (f) (g) Should enclose matter by the writer of the text, his interpolations and further statements, except when such matter is in a foreign language and set in italics, thus: The Maguay is the American Aloe, Agar/e amerz’mrza. A Southern Unionist (whose son Henry, later editor of the Courier- :70117'7141, etc.) . . . Whether or not Cartier (March 10, I 5 3 5) was the first to sail, etc. Biencourt (sometimes called Baron St. Just) had been left in charge. Punctuation marks, except period, should always follow paren- theses. Occasionally this rule also applies to the colon in such examples as given seven lines below. Enclosing a completed sentence should also enclose the period thereto, but when the parentheses occur at the end of a sentence the period should follow the closing parenthesis to avoid duplica- tion. See examples under “Footnotes,” “Bibliography,” etc. Should enclose period when used as abbreviation sign for word within parentheses. If at end of sentence repeat the period out- side the closing parenthesis, thus: (Mass). Words in italics should not be enclosed in parentheses. It is duplication. Parentheses which are heavy, or curve inward much, should be separated from the first and last letter contained within them by hair-spaces,thus: (Hall); except where the letters have a shoulder, are small lower—case, or where a period intervenes, thus: (art). Italic parentheses should not be used to enclose italic matter, ex- cept where the parentheses occur in the midst of italic matter. PARENTHESES flND‘BRACKETS ‘39 BRACKETS should be used for the following purposes: (a) (b) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) To enclose (in quoted or reprinted matter) the editor’s explana— tions, comments, corrections, etc., of the text of the original writer, or to complete the sense thereof, thus: They were at war With the Owandaets [Wyandot Indians] . A full description is given on page 2 5 [error for I 2 5] . I requested liberality [sic] of the six nations to make [a settlement] on the river [Ohio]. About seven miles [five and one-half miles southwest] from the present town of Ottawa [Illinois]. He was overtaken during the month [February, 1788] by the search- ing party. He was released by the empress [Catherine II.] from prison. In all things constitutional [1y] expedient. In reprinting manuscripts, Where part of the words are missing, to enclose the editor’s substitution of such missing words. To enclose matter supplied that was not given in the printed text of a work, as author’s name, date of publication, etc. To enclose interruptions in a speech, conversation, journal, letter, or essay, such as: [applause] , [Mr. Brown here entered], [exit] , [I was here interrupted], [I stopped at this point to verify my statement, which I find correct] . To enclose variants in the reading, thus: The work should be completed in [state number] volumes by the [insert date] of June. To enclose in reprinted works or long extracts the pagination of the original, where it is necessary to preserve such pagination. See page 10, par. 5. To enclose a note or reference in a footnote. See page 18, par. 4. To enclose a portion of the text within which part is already en- closed Within parentheses. One bracket is used to enclose the ending word or words of a line of poetry carried to the line above or below. This should be avoided in every case possible. Apply rules for Parentheses regarding other punctuation marks, page 38, par. (b) and (c). Hair-spacing: the same rule applies as for Parentheses, page 38, par. (f). APOSTROPHE (a) As possessive: repeat the “s” for nouns in singular number end- ing in “3,” thus: Thwaites’s, James’s, Metz’s, the princess’s birthday, etc. (see especially 284-286). 4O PUNCTUATION, ETC. (b) For omission of letters in dialect, dialogue, poetry, etc. (see es- pecially 283, 285, 286), but: (i) Do not thin space I’ve, I’ll, etc. (ii) Use space between word and contraction of i5, thus: Where truth ’3 unknown. (iii) Do not abbreviate figures, except when quoted, thus avoid: ’76. @OTATION MARKS, use as sparingly as possible. (a) (b) (C) (d) (f) Use at the beginning and end of all quotations when set in the body type (except when set solid, the body being leaded or in- dented). [We do not use these forms] Where the quotation runs to more than one paragraph, quotation marks should precede each paragraph but be placed at the end of the final paragraph only. In poetry each verse is a new paragraph. . Quoted or reprinted matter making one or more complete para- graphs should be: (i) Set in smaller type. (ii) Without quotation marks. (iii) Indented, on the left only, one em and the beginning of each para- graph two ems. (iv) Should have extra leading at top and bottom between quoted matter and body of text, generally of two or four leads according to length of the quotation. Single quotes (thus: ‘ ’) should be used only for quotation with- in a quotation. This applies equally Whether the main quotation is within quotation marks, or set in a smaller size of type. Double or more quotations within a quotation: if possible, avoid the use of quotation marks after both the double and single quotes have been used. Setting quoted matter in a smaller type or in- denting it eliminates the necessity for use of quotation marks. A first quotation within this should be indicated by single quotes and a quotation therein, by double quotes. The following shows the order of such quotation marks: John Smith writes: ‘In Old Domirzz’orz Day: we read: “The people still claim, ‘Justice and Mercy go hand in hand for “Mercy seasons Justice.” ’ ” ’ The object of quotation marks is to make the text clear. Care must be taken that they aid rather than confuse the reader. Such cases as the above, of course, are ridiculous and should be avoided. Titles of books of the Bible and Apocrypha, titles of books, manuscripts, magazines, newspapers, foreign words and phrases, Latin names in natural history, etc., should not be in quotation marks, but italicized. See pages 47-48, par. (a) to (d). USE OF QUOTATION MARKS 41 (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (1) (m) (n) (0) (P) For the use or nonuse of, with names, nicknames, colloquial names, honorary titles, abstracts, titles of printed articles, chapters, plays, musical compositions, lectures, pictures, hymns, characters in literature, horses, ships, festivals, toasts, mottoes, etc., see pages 44-47, mm (a) to (dd); page 47, par- (20 to (n)- In conversations, omit the quotation marks as is universally done in the Bible, but begin the conversation of each new speaker with a capital, preceded by a comma, thus: Then said Jesus to them again, Peace be unto you. For conversational matter in poetry, omit the quotation marks (see examples as corrected on 224). Omit where italics are used; it is a duplication, except for quoted matter within italic matter. Omit where three or more citations follow each other (see two bad examples on 220, 221). Quotation marks should almost invariably follow all other points of punctuation (except as stated on 217, last paragraph, with ex- amples following on 218). Punctuation preceding quotation marks (see 216, par. I and 2). Quotation marks should always have hair-spaces between them and the quoted matter, except before the closing quotation mark where it follows a period, a comma, or a dash. In poetry indent the lines as they should be, and let the quotation marks take care of themselves; in other words, project into the margin (see corrected examples on 224). Capitals should be used for first word of a direct quotation. (For examples, see 124). LEADERS (a) (‘3) Three periods spaced one em apart should be used to denote an omission in quoted matter, except when following a period when two additional periods are suflicient. Thus: “The Empire shall . . . eventually fall.” “He delivered the cotton at the railway depots. . . The quantity raised per annum, etc.” Omissions in chronological and tabular matter or where it is necessary to show omissions by a full line of leaders, set three ems apart, centered to the line. (c) Are not needed preceeding a quotation that begins with a new (d) sentence, nor at the end when the sentence is completed. In Contents, List of Illustrations, tabular matter, etc. should be three ems apart. 42 P UNCTUATION, ETC. SPACING (a) Omit all spacing between single letter abbreviations whether in caps., small caps., or lower-case, thus: U.S., N.Y., LL.D., PH.D., M.D., O.S.A., 5.1., C.SS.R., a.m., e.g., Le. (b) Hair-spacing should be used between caps. or small caps. which have their upright lines in juxtaposition, thus: H I K M L N P. (c) Never resort to spacing between lower-case letters to fill out a line. ((1) Lower-case letters should seldom be hair-spaced, even in display lines. (e) Black letter should never be hair- spaced. It loses its character. PARAGRAPHS: it is better to mark each new paragraph on the copy to avoid possible confusion, thus: 11. INDENTION (a) For paragraphs should be one em. (b) For paragraphs in quoted matter, set in smaller type, should be two ems, and for all other lines of the same, one em. (c) For poetry, it is customary to indent uniformly the lines that rhyme, but there is no definite rule. See also Quotations Marks, page 4.1, par. (0). STARS as signs of omission should never be used. TYPES (CAPITALS, SMALL CAPITALS, ITALICS, LOWER-CASE, ETC.) 1. General EACH VOLUME WILL BE SET: (21) (h) (i) 0') Body matter including text proper, prefaces, and introductions, in one size of type, generally 12-point. Extracts and bibliography in a smaller size, generally 10-point. Footnotes and index, generally 8-point. Half-title, title, dedication, and sectional half-titles in display. Copyright notice to follow format in publication “T.” Contents and List of Illustrations, according to the nature and extent thereof. COntents heading, List of Illustrations heading, Chapter headings Bibliography and Index headings, etc., to be decided accord- ing to their nature, but to be in uniform style and size of type throughout. Sectional half-titles, according to nature thereof, but in smaller type than half-title of volume and uniform in format and size of type throughout. Running-heads according to nature of the work: (i) Left-hand uniform throughout or change with each section or chapter. (ii) Right-hand uniform for each chapter or vary for each subdivision or for page contents. (iii) Size of type uniform whether caps., small caps., italics, or roman. (iv) Rule under or not (if rule is used, then short rule must come between body matter and footnotes). See publication “T.” (v) Publication in more than one volume, volume number and date may be placed in square brackets in the running—head. Legends under Illustrations according to the nature and extent of same. Marhsfor sizes of type should net he put an the manuscript for any of the aho'ue. Leave this entirely to puhlishers hut furnish the necessary manu- script copyfor all. UNDERSCORINGS used are: italic lower-case,one line under; small caps., ' two lines under; caps.,three lines under; italic caps., four lines under; heavy face lower-case, one wavy line under; heavy face italic lower- 44 USE OF VARIOUS TYPES case, one straight and one wavy line under; heavy face caps., three straight lines and one wavy line under; thus: the arthur h. Clark company, Cleveland, ohio, united states .__ —— -— VWW‘ \f\/‘\.’ \I\, iwzuld be set: THE ARTHUR H. CLARK Company, Cleveland, Ohio, UNITED STATES. 1]. Specific AVOID ALL UNNECESSARY CAPITALIZATION, use of italics, black face type, small caps., and quotation marks, except where absolutely necessary. They spoil the readability of the page. CAPS. AND SMALL CAPS. (a) Signatures to preface and introduction,thus: JOHN SMITH . Cleveland, Ohio, March 20, 1909. (b) Signatures to letters, thus: P. H. SHERIDAN, lieutenant-general, U.S.A. (c) In a dialogue, where question and answer precedes,thus: CQJESTION or (L . (d) First v)vord (or words) in a new chapter is sometimes so set, but this depends on the style adopted for the particular volume. (e) Abbreviation for manuscript or manuscripts, thus: Ms., Mss. SMALL CAPS. (a) Dates, thus: MDCLIX. b) B.C., A.D., A.M., A.H., A.U.C., when referring to years. (C) For honorary titles and degrees following a name in lower-case. (d) Points of the compass when abbreviated, thus: N.W. ROMAN CAPITALS and lower-case should be used for: (a) The Deity, and pronouns therefor. (See 109-1 10.) (b) Names denoting the Bible, thus: the Word, the Scriptures, but not for the books themselves. See Italics, page 4.7. Gospel, gospels, epistle, epistles should be lower-cased except when forming part of the title of a definite book (and set in italics), thus: the Gospel according to St. Matt/93w, the Epistle to the Romans. (c) Book of Common Prayer divisions, thus: the Collects, the Litany. (d) Honorary titles, follow: (i) Examples on page 35, Honorary Titles, except: He is professor at Columbia University. He is archbishop of Milwaukee. (ii) De Vinne, I 14- I I 8, as corrected, and except: the Czar of Russia but a czar of Russia the Duke of Bedford but the dukes of Bedford (iii) Lower-case clear when preceded, thus: My dear Sir. ROMAN CflPITflLS AND LOWER-CASE 45 (e) (f) (g) (h) (j) Nicknames for persons, organizations, political parties, places, etc., thus: the Grand Old Man the Forest City the Father of Angling the Keystone State the Rump Parliament the Northern Peninsula Geographical and local names, thus: the Tropics and the Great Lakes the Sandwich Islands but the islands of the Pacific Long Island but the island of Cuba the Western States but the states of the West the Gulf Stream and the Gulfof Mexico Chesapeake Bay and the Cape of Good Hope New York State but the state of New York Cuyahoga County but the county of Cuyahoga New York City but the city of New York Saint Lawrence River or the River Saint Lawrence the Territory of Louisiana but the territory ceded by Mexico Dominion of Canada but the province of Qlebec Cape Charles not C. Charles Fort Wayne not Ft. Wayne Mount Union not Mt. Union Saint Louis not St. Louis Point Loma not Pt. Loma Port Clinton not Pt. Clinton the West Side, Cleveland but southeastern Cleveland the South-end,Boston and the Red Light District Euclid Avenue but Third avenue the North River and East Cleveland Huron Street but Fifty-fifth street North Main Street but B street northwest North, South, East, West, Northeast, etc., when used for geographical sections or preceding a geographical name (not when succeeding it); but lower-cased when used as a point of the compass or for direction only. Colloquial names given to places, and for names of private residences thus: We called the place Antelope Plain. He lived at Locust Grove. It was known as the Valley of the Shadow of Death. Names of Corporations, etc., but lower-case “the,” thus: the Caxton Building,the Law School of Columbia University, Harvard University Library but the library of Harvard University, New York Public Library but the public library of New York City, the Sigma Psi Fraternity. Names of Courts, thus: the Juvenile Court, the Supreme Court 46 USE OF VARIOUS TYPES (k) (1) (n) (0) (r) (S) (t) (‘1) (V) of Ohio, the United States Supreme Court; but lower-case: the police court. 1 Names of important bodies, thus: the Union, the Cabinet, Congress, the Assembly, the House, the Executive Committee; but lower-case: the lower house, both houses, etc. Names of Religious Denominations, Political Parties, and F ac- tions, also such names as Mugwumps, Scalawags, etc. Names of Acts, Bills, Laws, etc., thus: the Stamp Act, the Omni- bus Bill, the Child Labor Law, the Missouri Compromise, etc., but when making reference to them or extracts from them by their exact printed title, they will be set same as book-titles. Names of Important Epochs or Events in History,thus: the Revo- lutionary War, the Reformation, the Marprelate Controversy, the Glacial Period, the Middle Ages,the Second Advent. Notable Titles, Abstracts, etc.,thus: the Beatitudes, the Sermon on the Mount, the Constitution, the Emancipation Proclamation, etc. Names of Abstract Qualities personified. Principal words in titles of articles printed in a book or periodical, of chapters, plays, musical compositions, lectures, pictures, hymns, etc., thus: For articles and chapters in books and periodicals, see page I 7, par. (m) . The remainder should be given thus: the Taming of the Shrew, the Moonlight Sonata, the Impending Financial Crisis, the Angelus, Jesus, Lover of my Soul, etc. Names of Characters in Literature, of Horses, etc., thus: Becky Sharp, Silas Marner; Lou Dillon, Black Beauty. Names of Ships, thus: the Mayflower, the R.M.S. Lusitania, the White Star liner Oceanic, etc. Names of Days, Months, Festivals, Historic Days, etc., except Lady-day, the glorious Fourth. , Geologic names, derived from proper names, thus: Devonian, Jurassic,but lower-case ordinary names, thus: quartz, hornblende. Toasts, Mottoes, etc. (in quotation marks) thus: “Our Alma Mater,” the “Ladies,” “ Doe ye next thynge.” (W) Names denoting a Series, thus: Third session, Fourth ward, (X) Twenty-first district, Seventy-third regiment,Sixteenth congress, Fifth avenue, F ifty-fifth street, B street, B street northwest, etc. De or D’ in French; Da, Della, De, Di in Italian; Van in Dutch; Von in German, if nothing precedes (except in Italian, for Italian names see dictionary), thus: ROMA/N LOWER—CASE 47 (Y) (Z) (ml) De Quincey but Thomas de Qiincey D’Epinay but Madam d’Epinay Van der Meer but Jan van der M eer Von Holst but H. E. von Holst O’ in proper names, thus: O’Brien and also in Thomas O’Brien. M‘: abbreviation for Mac in Scotch names should be given thus: M‘Cormick. First word only of such compound words as require capitals, thus: Major—general, By-laws. (bb) Nation, Union, Republic, Federal, etc., when used for the United (cc States, and standing alone. Hades and Valhalla, Satan, Beelzebub, but not devil. (dd) Transposed matter, thus: Punctuation, Correct use of. ROMAN LOWER—CASE: (a) (b) (C) (d) (e) (f) (g) Geographical, personal, and national names used as qualifiers for merchandise, thus: delft, castile soap, java coffee,levant morocco, macadamized, oriental rug, russia leather, wedgwood pottery. Names of castes, thus: quadroon, coolie, creole, gypsy, negro. Anglicized words, thus: transatlantic, tropical, herculean, pla- tonic, americanized, frenchified. north, south, east, west,northeast, etc.,When used as points of the compass, or for direction only. Seasons of the year, thus: autumn, fall. Collegiate degrees when spelled out, thus: bachelor of arts, doctor of laws. Foreign words and phrases which have been incorporated into the English language, and are found in Webster’s International Dictionary (also see list on Ioo-IOI). Omit the circumflex ac- cent on these, thus: depot, vice versa, en route. General titles, thus: No, sir. Yes, my lady. Names of diseases and remedies, thus: angina pectoris, nux vomica, etc. The definite and indefinite article When preceding a title, thus: the E ncyclapeea’ia Britannica, the Cleveland Leader, the Angelus. o’ in such cases as Tam o’ Shanter, o’clock, etc. hell, purgatory, paradise, devil. a.m., p.m., e.g., cf., i.e. Technical and scientific abbreviations, thus: l.c. (lower-case), e.m.f. (electromotive force). ITALIC for (3) Titles of the books of the Bible and Apocrypha. 48 USE OF ITALICS AND GREEK (b) Titles of books, unpublished manuscripts, magazines, and newspapers. For examples, see pages I4.- I 7, par. (a) to (m). (c) Foreign words and phrases, mottoes, quotations, etc., not found in the regular alphabet in Webster’s Internatimal Dictionary,thus: deus volem, au contraire, compte rendu, e553 quam videri, salus populi suprema est lax. When making more than one line of type put in roman Within quotation marks. (d) Latin names in natural history, etc.,capitalize genus but lower- case species, thus: Sa/ix tristis, flcz'pmser sturio, Felix catus. GREEK quotations should generally be given in Greek italic characters. NOTHING IN THIS SECTION changes decisions under Footnotes, Bibliography, and Index. These decisions relate to the body matter of the text. 1.5} (‘3 O\ AK)? N‘J‘ikfl “LOW A m5" UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI - COLUMBIA NX 51 5.3 05583 HI ll 010-016319146 1 238