z%fl§jW/’

AN ACCOUNT

OF THE LATE

TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN,

ON JULY 28, 1851;

AS OBSERVED

AT LILLA EDET IN SWEDEN,

BY

R. C. CARRINGTON, ESQ.,

Slstmnnmiral abhmnvr in the @I1Iinmitq uf Bnryam.
PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION.

DURHAM:

PRINTED FOR GEORGE ANDREWS,
Nos. 64 & 65, SADDLER-STREET.

1851.

AN ACCOUNT

OF THE

LATE TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN.

_.........+_.__...

0 Nature! 8.’ whose shows and forms
For feeling pensive hearts hae charms!
Whether the summer kindly warms

- Wi’ life and light !
Or winter howls, in gusty storms,

The lung dark night !-—BUB.Ns.

I SAILED from Hull by the ‘ Courier’ steampacket, on July 19,
for G'citeborg on the coast of Sweden, and arrived there on July
the 24th.

The instrument that I took with me for the observation of
the eclipse, was an ordinary astronomical telescope of 35 inches
aperture and about four feet focal length, lent me by Mr. W.
Simms of London, the definition of which was very good. It
was fitted with one eye-piece, of a power of about 70, having a
pair of wires fixed in the focus, a little out of the centre of the
field, parallel to one another, at a distance apart of one minute
of arc. A slide containing ten coloured glasses, considerably
varied both in colour and depth of tint, was provided, which
moved in a groove at the end of the eye-piece. I also took with
me a Nicol’s prism polariscope, a good thermometer by Barrow,
the scale-errors of which are very trifling, a trustworthy pocket-
compass, a portable spirit-level, and such other things, tools for
instance, as seemed likely to be of use.

At Giiteborg I met with Mr. G. P. Bond, of the Observatory
of Cambridge in the United States, who was desirous of placing
himself as nearly as possible on some part of the central linesof

4

shadow. We agreed to go together to the village of Lilla Edet
on the G6ta River, the position of which place, as given on a
large and trustworthy Swedish chart, was found to be
58° 7’ north latitude
12° 8’ long., east qf Greenwich.
The eclipse was central at 58° 5’ north
by 12° 8’ east.

To this place we went by steamboat, on July 25th, and there
we remained till the 31st. It was our intention to observe
the eclipse from the same spot, but the very unfavourable
appearance of the weather on the morning of the 28th, made it
advisable to separate, and we took our observations at a dis-
tance of two miles apart; Mr. Bond stationing himself a little
out of the village on one side, while I went to a high rock,
previously selected, which was a mile and a half distant on the

‘other. Our accounts are therefore independent, and the parti-

culars given below depend on my testimony alone.

The weather previous to the 28th was highly unpromising:
it rained the whole of the 25th and the greater part of the 26th;
the 27th was showery, and the morning of the 28th overcast,
showery and unsettled; but fortune favoured us at the critical
time, and it became perfectly clear some time before the first
contact.

We received great assistance while at Lilla Edet from Mr. S.
Mygind, the overseer of the canal, who was well acquainted with
English, and took great interest in the approaching event. I
am indebted to him for the use of his boat and services of three
of his men, in conveying my instruments, and in erecting a
scaffolding of poles for a tent, and support for my telescope.

It was while engaged in these preparations, some three hours
before the eclipse. that the first signs of clear sky appeared ; by
the time they were finished only a few cirri remained ; these
quickly dispersed, and during the eclipse not a cloud passed over
the sun. The definition of the sun was unusually good; there
was none of the boiling on the limb generally seen.

I began my observations a short time before the first contact,

5

by noting down the positions and forms of the dark spots and
light streaks on the sun, referring themto the vertical, and in
this and other operations I found a glass which gave the sun a
pale green colour the most convenient. These spots are re-
presented in figure 1 ; but of necessarily exaggerated size, and
are there given in their true position; each group consisted of
one or more small spots surrounded by a few bright streaks.

The thermometer was pretty constantly observed throughout
the eclipse, the readings will be given afterwards. It hung
within the tent, at about two feet above the ground, far enough
from me not to be affected by the heat of my body ; the times
were noted by my watch, which I laid on the ground, and are
local times within about a minute.

The moon's preceding limb was very rugged : figure 2 repre-
sents the principal inequalities as seen when about one-third
advanced on the sun: first, two small mountains, among many
others less marked, below them a repetition of the same on a
larger scale, and still further below a long and well marked
valley. A little exaggeration in the figure has been unavoidable.

My attention was much directed to the forms of the cusps;
they frequently seemed blunted when viewed through smoked
glass, but sharp again after resting the eye for an instant ; as
seen through the telescope they were always perfectly sharp and
well formed, with one marked exception, at 3h. 45m. local
time, when the lower cusp appeared for nearly a minute as re-
presented in figure 3. For the short time after the totality that
the sun was visible no irregularity of form was seen.

I several times looked carefully with the telescope for any
trace of themoon beyond the sun, but without being able to
find any: neither could I during the totality, in a rapid glance,
perceive any light or shadeon her surface. The gloom which
preceded the totality came on insensibly at first, but latterly
very rapidly; it was murky and unusual in kind. I lookedround
the horizon for some seconds, at the time when the sweeping
of the shadow might be expected, but could not leave the tele-
scope long enough to say that it did not take place; however

6

I saw nothing of the kind. At that time it was very gloomy in
the north-west, not black, but nearly so; in the north-east and
south-west the sky was angry red, and reminded me of a sunset
during high wind, while in the south-east it was quite bright,
and the hues were those of a sunrise. Overhead it was gloomy,
but I could see a swallow, at a great height, flying very fast to-
wards the south-east.

The disappearance of .the sun I watched carefully with the
telescope; for a short time the portion of light remaining ap-
peared uniformly thick with sharp cusps; without any notice
it flew into numerous little lines, these lines contracted into
dots, some again breaking up, the dots contracted, and the sun
was gone. These appearances forming the Phenomenon of
Baily's Beads, are represented in figure 4. At the time, the
ruggedness of the moon's limb seemed sufficient to account for
the breaking up of the light; but a recollection of the great
regularity of size and arrangement of the dots, which is strong-
ly impressed upon my memory, goes greatly against such an
opinion. At the reappearance of the sun, I was too late to
watch the repetition of the phenomenon, my attention being
directed elsewhere. .

The moment that the last trace of the sun was gone, I drew
out my slide of coloured glasses, and while doing so cast a rapid
naked eye glance at the sun, around which the Corona was already
formed. I only allowed myself time to notice that its light was
a pure white, brightest next the moon, and insensible at a distance
of one-fifth of her diameter, and that it blended into the sky.
in one shading off. I caught sight of one star, which I believed
to be Mercury, but which may have been Regulus ; I have no
doubt others were visible, as this was a very palpable object.

I immediately saw with the telescope a small pink prominence
at an angle of about 100° from the upper limb, reckoned towards
the east, it was of the form of a haycock, and rapidly dimin-
ished: in 10 seconds it was no longer seen. I did not count
the number of seconds, but I saw it decidedly and only long
enough to be certain afterwards that it was no delusion, and to

7

have no doubt about its position. - In stating the position, I am
allowing for inversion by the telescope.

I then directed the telescope all round the moon, and at once
saw three other flames, in the position of 2, 3, and 4, as given

~ in Plate 2; 3 and 4 were so remarkable that I abandoned 2

after noting its angle of position, and remarking its general ap-
pearance. My whole attention till the sun reappeared was
given to the two flames numbered 3 and 4 ; as I had previously
determined to make quite sure of the nature of any motion
that might be shewn, if opportunity offered. I have no manner
of doubt on my mind when I state that these spots’ increased in
size so as to be five times as large when they disappeared as
when I first saw them. This change is represented in figures
5, 6, and 7, which I may state, do not more palpably represent
the growth than it was seen by me. Their colour was pink, of
the hue seen on ripe fruit, and appeared tinged with white. It
seemed to me that No. 3, grew more than N o. 4 ;-but I
cannot say this with any great degree of confidence,-—it had the
appearance of a’ mighty flame bursting through the roof of a
house, and blown by a strong wind. The figures give its form
prettywell, which was highly suggestive of motion; I cannot
however depose to having seen the slightest change of its out-
line, or any traces of structure on its surface. Flame 4 was
simpler in form, and, if I am not mistaken, a little forked
towards No. 3; it was my impression that both of these flames
touched the moon's limb, but I did not sufliciently notice this
circumstance. I was greatly astonished by the appearance of
five or six bow: of light which seemed to connect these flames
above; I noted down their colour as yellow, shortly after the
end of the eclipse ; they maintained their relative position till
all vanished, and the highest how was estimated as 2 minutes of
arc distant from the moon's limb, by comparison with my fixed
wires, the highest flame as 1’, 5, very shortly before the end of
totality.

I was too much taken by surprise at the reappearance of the
sun to notice whether these flames were traceable for any length

8

of time after the restoration of the light. Haze at this time de-
veloped very rapidly, and in about ten minutes a solar halo was
traceable: by the end of the eclipse the sun was quite obscured,
so that the separation of the limbs could not be observed.

I proceed to add some other particulars omitted above in or-
der to avoid confusion.

The Thermometer observations were

Local Times. Fahr. Local Times. Fahr.
h. m. ° h. m. 0
2-47 ............. ..63,5 4-14 ............. ..59,2
3- 0 ............. ..62,3 4-18 ............. ..59,o
3 5 ............. ..64,l 4°22 ............. ..58,8
3 15 ............. ..65,6 4-25 ............. ..59,o
3 28 ............. ..66,5 4-23 ............. ..59,0
3 31 ............. .. ,5 4-35 ............. ..59,3
3 35 ............. . .64,2 4-40 ............. ..59,7
3 40 ............. ..63,5 4-46 ............. ..60,4
3 53 ............. ..6l,9 4-50 ............. ..60,5
4 0 .............. ..60,5 4-56 ............. ..60,6
4 3 .............. ..60,0 5- 5 .............. ..60,9
4 13 ............. ..59,6 5 21 ........... .. 61,5

which were taken in such shade as four thicknesses of sail cloth
furnished. It will be seen that the total fall of temperature
was 7°.7 Fahr. and that the minimum took place about 21
minutes after the reappearance of the sun. I perceived no chill
at this time, but a man who was with me, who had remained as
a guard to prevent unforeseen interruption, got up and buttoned
his coat, and answered that he felt cold, on my questioning him.

The degree of darkness during the totality was less thanl
was prepared to expect ; I had had a lantern lit, which proved
quite needless, as I could read my watch at a glance where it lay
at my feet, and found on looking at the title pageof the “Sugges-
tions,”* which I had previously fixed up at a distance of 3 yards,
that it was all legible enough: it is also my impression that
the outline of the country was visible, and the position of the
river.

I made frequent trials of the Nicol’s prism on the sun's

' ‘ Suggestions to astronomers for the observation of the total eclipse of
the sun, &c., drawn up by a committee of the British Association.’

I9

diminishing disk as seen through smoked glass, before totality,
and again more at leisure after totality till prevented by haziness,
but failed in perceiving any traces of polarisation. I had the
curiosity to try it also on the Corona for an instant, but with the
same result. It is necessary to add that I took the precaution
to ascertain that the instrument was in proper state, exhibiting
the usual rings and brushes readily when directed to the blue
sky at a sufficient distance from the sun.

No irregularity, prominence or hollow, was seen on the moon’s
following limb, when on the sun after the totality.

It occurred to me, while watching the flames, to try my left
eye; the appearance was precisely the same as with the right,
which I had been pretty constantly employing at the telescope
for an hour. I have thought it worth while not to omit stating
this, as a fatigued eye is not always above suspicion.

The distance of the fixed wires at the focus was found to be
as nearly as possible one minute of are, by transits of two slow
stars, taken on the first opportunity after the eclipse.

The positions of the flames, spots on the sun, and so on, were
observed inverted, and noted down on cards so cut as to prevent
mistakes of position; but are in the engraved figures given in
their natural positions, referred to the vertical.

Iwas prepared by previous accounts to experience at any
rate somewhat of involuntary dread during the darkness, but
my sensations were very different ; I felt simply that I was
witnessing a phenomenon of darkness ; and I further saw none of
the unusual appearance of flame of a burning candle, or un-
natural colours; probably being forewarned I was forearmed,
for I am by no means proof against such sensations.

On returning to the village, Mr. Bond called my attention to
the circumstance of most of the people being dressed in their
best clothes, and after noticing passers-by for a short time,
we had but.little doubt of it: whether the quotation from the
loss of the Abergavenny

“ Some appeared perfectly resigned, ....... ..but the most prominent
idea was that of putting on their best and cleanest clothes .... ..”

10

is at all to the point, or too fanciful an explanation, others
can judge for themselves. The prospect of the eclipse had
occasioned considerable alarm in the minds of _ many of the
country people, so much so that some farmers in a district called
Warmland, not far from Lilla Edet, did not plough their lands
in the spring; but such an incident is not to be taken as a sam-
ple of Swedish intelligence in general.

I shall close this account by answering certain questions from
the ‘ Suggestions’, Appendix II.

1. Whether the prominences have hard and permanent, or
waving and ill-defined outlines ?

Hard and well-defined outlines, in one case very suggestive of
waving, but not seen to wave.

2. Whether they are invariably broadest at the base, and
have on the whole a tapering shape ?

Yes, in every case.

3. Whether they seem to stand erect, or whether any or
all of them are aslant. . . . ?

The two that stood alone, namely those numbered 1 and 2,
were erect and symmetrical, of the form of a haycock, broad at
the base and rounded at the top; but the system of two, in
which the bows were seen, was diiferent, and the prominences
were in this case bent towards one another.

4. Whether any appear isolated, and, if so, how the space
between the red patch and- the moon's limb is occupied ?

No such instance came under my notice. See a remark that
follows on the account of Dr. Boustedt.

5. Whether any appear to grow up or to diminish ; and, if
so, whether such change is what the moon's motion would natu-
rally account for ?

It has been stated in the former part of my account, that such
motion was seen, both of decrease and increase, and attentively
watched ; it is only necessary to add that the changes are fully
accounted for by the moon's motion, and thence to conclude
that these prominences are appendages to the sun of immense

ll

magnitude, and of corresponding importance. I have frequently
used the word ‘ flame’ in speaking of the prominences, but merely
as a short term of expression.

The following accounts were given to Mr. Bond and myself on I

the day after the eclipse, Mr. Mygind’s in English, the other
two in Swedish. I give the first verbatim, and translations of
the others, as accurate as I have been able to make them by the
help of a very imperfect Swedish dictionary.

1. THE ACCOUNT or Ms. S. MYGIND, OVERSEER or TI-‘IE
CANAL AT LILLA EDET. See figure 8, which is an exact copy
of the original, on a somewhat reduced scale.

THE darkness during the total eclipse appeared to me not
greater than what is usual on a summer evening, in this part of
the country, in the beginning of July, at 11 o'clock.

Directly after the commencement of the total eclipse, a small

flame was seen, somewhat crooked, and as it appeared to me,

bending towards West and South or perhaps S. W: it was of a
reddish colour; a smaller one rather of a round shape, was seen
close to it and below it. How long they remained in sight, I
cannot say for a certainty, as other persons were looking through
my spy-glass at times.

A horse grazing near the place where I stood, continued
feeding as long as I could see it. A flock of sheep was heard
bleating during the total eclipse, by another person of the
company.

Of all the persons in company with me, three ladies and a
child included, not one seemed the least afraid, but all were
greatly delighted.

L. E. July 28, 1851. S. MYGIND.

ADDITIONAL REMARK. My spy-glass shews objects in their
natural state, not inverted.

1‘)

ad

2. JAKTTAGELSER vm SOLFBRMBRKELSEN DEN '28 JUL},
1851, AF L. SVANGREN, LILLA EDET.

Thermometem (centesimal) visade 8 £ 10 minuter fore f6rm6r-
kelsens borjan + 23° mot Solen, och + 17° mot Norr ; men
mot slutet af den totala formiirkelsen + 18° mot Séider och +
13° mot Norr.

Straxt fore den totala forméirkelsen hordes alla i granskapet
varande Tuppar gala, och en Canariefogel, som under en half-
tima lifligt trakteradt med séing, lystnade och séitte sig p3 ofver-
sta pinnen i sin but d3 den totala formiirkelsen intréiifade :
hundradetals smfifolgar, dem jag fore . . ej observerat och hvilka
jag tykte utgiiras af Svaler (hirundo urbica) och néigra f3 Gr§s-
parfvar (fringilla domestica) flogo liksom vilda ikring, heldst
sokande léigre tréid eller buskar, liksom ville de undfly att vistas
i hiijden.

En ko och tvenne hundar, som voro insléippte p3. samma
gird jag vistades, visade ingen réidsla, utom éito begéirligt af den
fdda, som réiktes (?) dem just under den totala formiirkelsen.

Natt violen (hesperis matronalis) som kort fore fiirmorkelsens
borjan spred (‘?) omiirkligt af sin behagliga lukt ikring sig, luktade
under den totala formiirkelsens starkt. '

Anméirkas biir att ett fruntimmer som var besviirad af snufva,
och fore formiirkelsen ej kunde kéinna néigon lukt af blomarne,
1ikv'ail kéinde den starkt under densamma.

Bi (apis mellifica) tyktes gora . . . . for att med fiirsta tréiffa
sitt hem.

En katt hos en granne Fairer ha sprungit till en tjenstpiga och
med jamande gifvit sin oro tillkéinna.

Den Corona, som omgaf méinan, och till fairgen var hvitskim-
rande, och Iysande var niirmast miinan af intensivast fiirg.
Niigra flammer kan jag ej med visshet séiga mig hafva obser-
verat ; likvéil tyktes mig en upphiijning med riidaktigt sken vara
pa Coronans kant, och finnes 3 vidstéiende figur upptagen sfisom
den forefoll mig till léige, form och relativ storket.

Den till observation a Coronan nnviinda kikaren framstéilde
foreméilen i naturliga och ej omvéinda forhfillanden.

13

_ TRANSLATION.

About 8 or 10 minutes before the beginning of the eclipse
the centigrade thermometer shewed + 23° in the sun and + 17°
with a North aspect ; but at the end of the totality, + 18°
towards the South, and + 13° towards the North.

Immediately before the totality I heard all the cocks in the
neighbourhood crow ; and a canary-bird. which was singing
cheerfully, stopped and seated himself on the highest perch in
his cage for as long as the eclipse lasted: hundreds of small
birds, which I had not previously seen, and which were swallows
and a few sparrows, flew about like mad things, seeking trees and
bushes, as places of concealment, as if afraid to remain in the air.

A cow and two dogs, which were let into the yard where I
stood, shewed no alarm, and eat greedily of food given them
just at the totality.

The night-violet, which shortly before the beginning of the
eclipse had little of its agreeable scent about it, smelt strongly
during the totality. It should be remarked that a young lady
who was troubled with a cold, and before the eclipse could not
perceive any scent of flowers, could however perceive the strong
smell at that time.

A bee seemed to hasten home. A cat belonging to a neigh-
bour, ran to our maidservant, and shewed its uneasiness by
mewing.

The Corona which surrounded the moon, was white in colour
and glittering, and was most intense at the part nearest to the
moon. I saw a certain flame, but I cannot say with confidence;
however there seemed to me to be an elevation of reddish hue
in the Corona, and a spot of widening figure, like the following
sketch in situation, form, and relative size.

For the observation of the Corona, I used a telescope shewing
objects in their natural, not inverted position.

(The account of this flame is so doubtful, that I have not given
this gentlema.n’s figure: the position he ass’ ed it was 45° east of
the upper point; ut he could not say that it might not have been
at the opposite side. The part of his account of most interest is

- that relating to the scent of flowers.--R. C. C.)

14

3. OBSERVATIONER den 28 JUL1, 1851, p3 LILLA Ennr, af
J OHN Bousmnr. (Surgeon in the Swedish army, and living
near Lilla Edet.) See figure 9, which is an exact copy of the
original on a reduced scale.

Luften A.M. mulen med regn. Winden blfisande S.W. till
efter den totala Solfdrmiirkelsen, d3. det blef still med . . . . . .
mulen luft.

D3 mfinen biirjade skymma solen, syntes £ mfinens venstra
kant, eller den som . . . . . . framfir solen, en ljusan kant med
ytterst ett svart smalare striick.

Niir Solformiirkelsen blifvit total, visade sig kring man kanten
en ljus hvit ring, hvilken . . . . var jéimn utan syntes liksom
tandad samt mera utvidgad till venster om Bfre delen. Emellan
venstra och Eifre delen syntes frfin mfin kanten utgiiende och
med den sammanhéingande tvenne ljusriide fléickar (1) ; under
midten till héiger en liingre i spetsar krokig eller hakformig flack
(2) : Bfre delen af denna syntes bléi, den nedre delen deraf var
rosenrod men aftagande i fairg fit underkanten; nedanfor den
sistnéimnde en mindre rosenriid lfliick (3), utan fdrening med
mfinkanten, emellan hvilken och fléicken syntes den méinkanten
omgifvande hvita ringen; niira neder delen till hiiger (4) néira
Eifre delen en ljusriid flack (5) fairgen 3 flackarne syntes . . . . . .
. . . . . niirmast mfinkanten. Alla fléickarne, med undantag af
No. 2, forekomma vinkelréita mot mfinkanten, och af rundade
. . . . . . spetsar. Néir solens hogre kant, vid den totala for-
méirkelsens upphiirande. béirjade synas, forsvinna fiirutnamnde

fliickar.

Cent. Th. i Solen i Skuggan
Vid Solform:  . . . . . . . . . . ..+ 25° . . . . . . . .. + 19°

D3 ,, varhalf..... . . . . ...+ 22... . . . . . ..+l7

D3 ,, vartotal... . . . . . . . ..+17 . . . . . . . . ..+ 15;

Klockan4. 15min . . . .  . . . . . . ..+ 19 . . . . . . . . ..+ 15

,, 4.45 ,, . . . . . . . . . . . .. +18; . . . . ..a...+l6

Vidslutetafsolformz  .. . .+ 18 . . . . . . . ..+ 16%

Obs. Thermometern i Solen var ej sfiker, eller justerad, och
visade den vid jiimforelse fdrsiik med den i Skuggan l_° § mera
varme.

15

. Barometern visade under hela solf6rmé'>r‘kelsen' .27, 9 Fr. m=_
29,6Eng. m.  -
Svalame (hirundo urbica) fliigo orolige omkring under sol.
f Eirmiirkelsen. .
. Arlorne (motacilla alba) syntes lugna och matade. sina ‘ungar.
Tvenne h1!tid%zr».t.'¢rit. 4 manader: gammiat. och en a°1dre.1ago
under fdrmiirkelsen. stilla; men fiirsiike den mat som gav dem.
Héistarrie syntes helt lugna. ‘ .N3tkrea'tur esom lfigo pa Betes-
marken vid formfirhelsens biiljan; fortfaro dermed tillhdenp blef
total, d3. de gingo upp och till’ grinden (for att gfi hem.)
A J om! Bousrnnr.

TRANSLATION. I

A. M. Weather cloudy with rain. The wind blew from the
S. W. till after the totality when it fell calm and the day be-
came overcast. _ "

When the moon began to eclipse the sun, there appeared‘ on‘
the left hand edge of the moon, or that which was before the
sun, on theextrerne edge, a small dark prominence.

When" the eclipse became total, there appeared round the
moon a bright white ring, which was even except that it seemed
somewhat rugged and more extended towards the left of its up-
per part.   p
g Between the left and upper part there appeared,‘ stretching
beybfia the limli of_thej moon, and connected with it‘,-two red
spots (1) :  the middle on the right hand side a longer
spot crooked *or' hoolrformed in shape (2) the upper W part of
which appeared blue,’ but the lower part rose-red and fainter in
colour at lower edges: below ‘the last-named, a smaller red
spot (3), "not connected with ’tIapeimoon’s limb, between which and
the spot, the white‘  (Corona lighté-R. C.‘ C.) surrounding
the moonwas visible, near the ‘lower part to the right (4) : ‘near
the upper part a red spotT(5). ‘ The colour of the spots appear-L
edto * * * * * * * nearestthemoon’slimb.

All the spots, with the exception of No. 2, projected from
the moon's limb at rightrangles, and were of a rounded shape.

16

When the sun’s right limb began to appear, at the ceasing of
the totality, the above mentioned spots disappeared.

CENTIGRADE THERMOMETER.

Sun Shade
Beginning of eclipse .......... ..+ 25° ............. ..+ 19°
At half eclipse ............... ..+ 22 ............. ..+ 17. p
,, totality ...................... ..+ 17 ............. ..+ 15;
,, 4h. 15m. ................... ..+ 19 ............. ..+ 15
,, 4h. 45m. ................... ..+ 18;} ............. ..+ 16
,, the termination .......... ..+ 18 ............. ..+ 16}

Observe.—The sun thermometer was not very trustworthy, and
by a comparison with the shade thermometer made beforehand
indicated l§° higher than it.

The barometer during the totality indicated 27, 9 French m.
:29, 6 Eng. m.

Swallows flew about confusedly during the eclipse. A wagtail

remained quiet, and fed its young. Two dogs, one four months

old, and one older, lay still during the eclipse, but refused meat
that was offered them. Horses were quite quiet. Cows which
were lying down in a meadow at the beginning of the eclipse,
continued there while the totality lasted, when they got up

and went to the gate, to go home.
J OHN , BOUSTEDT.

REMARKS ON DR. BOUS'l‘ED'l"S ACCOUNT.

This gentleman, it seems, saw six if not seven flames : two of
them at 45° east of the upper limb, which I must have over-
looked, and besides these one of a remarkable kind between the
two composing the group to which my entire attention was given.
It was not connected with the moon’s limb. I saw nothing of
this flame : and on the other hand, Dr. Boustedt saw nothing
of the bows seen by me, as he told me afterwards.

On being asked if the hooked flame moved or grew, he re-
plied that he could not say, but that its point seemed to wave.
like a flame in a wind. ' A

George Walker, Jnn., Printer, No. 6, Saddler-Street, Durham.

lower,

Total 1:'cl9'Dse gm Swz.July 26’. 18.51. as seen award: in and fy_'th&
zuzalgu/, by It. (I. (}arn'ngzon,az Lilla ]:'de7 , an the Gate. Iii:/er, Sweden.

I “F.”-. '
.”u.&1:.'sfi..z.2$ by oxozzoa AiinR.L'Ws, Durham . Ocfiqr-10. 18.51 .

._.:;