LC ,L+,;g/2 : TB 7%O%L Eifi RY ¢“«72> :‘l5"1§!"=§3:‘('311 L!i.“1év@r.§§t¥ ..— , ,m<.,w,, ‘.‘..‘\;'.'."3 ‘£7 7"‘; T5‘, :3 fix‘? '3',‘ ix’ Q, ,‘\,_:;~§ W #13:“ 5‘. g“: «i '«.~f 71 '— N kfibdo’ ‘. -'-'- ‘ " “ “ '4 ,_ , .._\ ~-:2’ zt’'x ‘' -In I": A.‘ i-.:»”‘ " 1 :1‘ ’ . \. .;- ., __ . ‘ _» .. UM A ~ E A s ".fi ~' .'..I 3'- -_~.:.; in T--” “ ‘,.- H. ~ ' Issue Brief Nov :7 :7‘ r?vVwv - y 1. ' - . -__ _«‘ — , Jpn-'A " 1-14“ ‘* " ' .. ‘ - - ' “:3 ‘:5 £1 .' ;.V _ 1, ._ ' 2:’ 2 - ' ¢ ,,._, “.7. ,. _ k. b .2 ‘ 4‘ .~.r«;.—.» 2:‘.-: -‘» ~ * ‘ ,,_ , ,,.,.._._,_‘...7, RESEARCH SERVICE hi e 4 'l[[l_l7flllMi|7si’liriWliiiilléitlll 0386047 VFS O1 . ._ U WWII CONGRESS J NATIONAL MATERIALS POLICY ISSUE BRIEF NUHBEB 1374094. AUTHOR: Bullis, Harold A . J U D O Sclence Pollcy Research D1v1s1on STHE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE MAJOR ISSUES SYSTEM DATE ORIGINATED Qvggggzg DATE UPDATED Qggggggg FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CALL 287-5700 0121 cns- 1 n 1374094 UPDATE-O1/18/80 IS§Q§_Q§§l§l2£Q§ Complex problems arising from the interdependence of .materials, genergy, and the environment have increased calls for a unified national» materials policy. Production of essential consumer goods and products has been hindered at time by a lack of adequate energy supplies or instability in supplies of foreign materials. Increasing U.S. dependence upon foreign producers for basic industrial raw materials has become a matter for concern; some see the need to recover and recycle a larger proportion of discarded materials from solid waste as being critical. Development of a unified national materials policy to deal with these and other problems is now being considered by the Federal Government. U EACKEBQEND-AE2.2QL£QX-AEéLX§£§ The economies of all vdeveloped countries are heavily dependent upon materials. It has been estimated that,m on the average, each 10 million dollars worth of materials put into the economy supports a quarter billion dollars in total economic activity. For specific industries, the multiplier factor may be even greater:« $u billion worth of petrochemicals is estimated as responsible for industrial products valued at approximately $430 billionn Since 1950, the United States, European, and Japanese economies combined have consumed more materials than the world had produced previous to 1950., The United States is by far the largest consumer of materials, totally and per cspitazv with only 6% of the world's population and 7% of its land area, the L lted States now consumes about 30% of the world's mineral production, or ‘about 41,000 pounds of minerals per person per year (Dept. of Interior data).. This high level of consumption, based, in part, upon a working assumption that materials resources "are inexhaustible, has led to several basic problems. (1) As primary deposits of domestic materials resources have been consumed and depleted, the United States has increasingly become more dependent upon foreign sources of supply for needed basic industrial vraw materials. (2) Increased worldwide demand for materials, and lack of growth in productive capacity commensurate with increased demand helped ,contribute to periodic shortages of various key industrial materials. During 1973-197a, shortages of many such materials were further exacerbated by lack of sufficient energy supplies required for their extraction and processing, and also by a period of price controls that tended to discourage new supply initiatives and to promote movement of available materials to higher-priced markets abroad. (3) The benefits of widespread conservation of materials to assure optimum use and to minimize waste have become more clear. (4) The perception of the need to recover and recycle a much .larger proportion yof materials currently discarded as solid waste has become widespread. These are some of the problems that have given increased impetus to the effort to formulate an overall national materials policy. % The need for such an overall policy was explicitly recognized in 1952 when President‘Truman appointed a President*s Materials Policy Commission (the Paley Commission), which recommended that a Federal agency at the level of t’ Executive Office of the President review all areas of the materials field an; provide broad guidance in these areas for the President, the Congress} and the Executive agencies. These recommendations were not implemented, and in recent years, materials problems have become increasingly. widespread and acute. Major issues raised included the following: cBs- 2 v IB7uo9u UPDATE—l01/18/80 (1) Need for maintenance of a healthy, efficient, domestic materials—producing industry. A m (2) Means for assuring adeguate supplies of: materials at price established in competitive markets. % (3) Availability of adequate reserves of materials needed for military production under the conditions of supply that might prevail in time of war emergency. ‘ " (4) Avoidance of sudden, wide, and costly fluctuations in materials supply/demand relationships, in materials costs, and in materials production and supply patterns. . ' (5) Prevention of the discharge of waste materials into the environment in amounts and ways that threaten to impair human health and comfort, injure the ecological balance, and degrade the esthetic quality of man's surroundings. (6) The role of adequate supplies of basic industrial raw materials in the ‘Nation's future industrial growth. (7) Ramifications of the increasing dependence of the Nation‘s industry upon imports of raw materials from abroad. (8) Advisability of attempting to attain national self-sufficiency in basic industrial raw materials, as was considered for energy materials. (9) Prospects that underdeveloped nations may form materials cartels to promote their own social, economic, or political goals at the expense of ti ‘developed nations, as happened with the oil-producing nations. These issues have been considered by the National Commission on materials Policy, the National Commission on Supplies and Shortages, the National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering, the Engineering Foundation (in topical conferences on materials policy): the Federation of materials Societies, and by various other Federal and private groups and organizations. Currently, the Office of Technology Assessment is conducting major studies concerning materials conservation through reduced wastage, and. the future availability of imported materials. Although recommendations differ as to what kind of mechanism might best deal with the above-listed problems, wide agreement exists on the need to consider them on ea broader, more highly organized basis than has been possible in the past. a Ls9i§lat;2n_2£ the 25th Congress . During the 95th Congress, more than 250 bills related to materials either in whole or in part were introduced, as follows: materials management, 120: resource recovery,» recycling, and reuse, of materials, 15; materials availability, 45; materials stockpiles, 25; and management and control of hazardous and toxic materials, 50. (An additional 250 bills, essentially identical to those previously introduced, were also introduced, for a tot?‘ of more than 500.) of these, more than 40 were enacted into public la. including the following: P.L. 95-12, Rhodesian Chrome, approved mar. 18, 1977 (H.B. 1746/ P.L. cns-— 3 1374094 UPDA‘I,'E—01/18/8&0 S. 174), which banned the importation of chromium or chormium products from Rhodesia; 95-37, the Defense Production Act Extension Amendments of 1977, approved June 1, 1977 (S. 853/H.R. 4962), which extended the national materials stockpiles for another 2 years; A 95-39, the Energy Research and Development Administration Appropriation Authorization, approved June 3, 1977 (S. 36), which provided funds for the conversion of municipal solid waste to energy and for increased ‘ materials sciences research and development; 95+87, the Surface Hining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, approved Aug. 3, 1977 (H.R. 2/3. 7), which established mineral research institutes in cooperating States; 1 95-91, the Department of Energy Organization Act, approved Aug. 4, 1977 (S. 826/H.R. 6804), which included provisions concerning the future management of energy-related materials resources; 195-153, the narine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, approved Nov. 4, 1977 (H.R. 4297/ S. 1425), which provided for research and development on the dumping of hazardous and toxic materials in the oceans; 95+209, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Appropriations Authorization, approved Dec. 13, 1977 (S. 1131/ H.R. 3455), which provided funds for the safeguard of hazardous radioactive materials; 95-238, the Department of Energy Act of 1978 -- Civilian Applications, approved Feb. 25, 1978€(S. 1340), which provided for programs for the conversion of biomass mass materials to energy, and for further utilization of solar energy materials for energy production; 7 A95-307, the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978, approved June 30, 1978 (H.R. 11778/S. 3034), which provided for research on renewable resources; 95-334, the Agricultural Credit Act of 1978, approved" Aug. 4, 1978 (H.R. 11504/S. 2146), which provided for the control of farm-generated hazardous wastes; 95-356, the Military Construction Authorization Act, approved Sept. 8, 1978 (H.R. 12602/S. 3079), which provided funds for the conversion of’ * municipal solid waste to energy, and for the use of solar energy materials in military housing; 495-403, the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act P.L. cRs+ n 1374094 UPDATE-Ot/18/80 Appropriation Authorization, approved Sept. 30, 1978 (S. 1896/B.R. 11871), which provided funds for the control of hazardous and toxic materials; 95-H77, the Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978, approved‘ Oct. 18, 1978 (H.R. 11302), which % provided funds for the development of specifications and standards for recycled materials; _95-576, the Federal water Pollution Control Act Amendments, approved Nov. 2, 1978 (3.3. 12140), which provided for the control of hazardous materials dumped into water; 95~592, the Native Latex Commercialization and Economic Development Act of 1978, approved Nov. 4, 1978 (S. 1816/H.R. 12559), which provided for research and development to commercialize the production of guayule rubber; 95-601, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Appropriation Authorizations, 1978, approved Nov. 6, 1978 (S. 2584/H.B. 12355), which provided funds for the storage and disposal of radioactive waste materials;f1. - _95-604, the Uranium Hill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978, approved Nov. 8, 1978 (H.R. 13650), which provided for the disposal of radioactive uranium mill tailings; 95-618, the Energy Tax Act of 1978, approved Nov. 9, 1978 (H.R. 5263/H.R. 8004), which provided for the conversion of waste materials to energy; the exemption of recycled oil from certain excise taxes; tax credits for the use of energy-conserving materials; and the allocation of insulation. materials in time of shortage; 95-619, the National Energy Conservation Policy Act, approved Nov. 9, 1978 (H.R. 5037/S. 2057), which provided for the increased recycling o metals, paper, textiles, and rubber; 6 for the assistance of low-income families in the use of energy-conserving materials; and for the development of procedures for identifying energy-saving materials; and 95-621, the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978, approved Nov. 9, 1978 (H.B. 5289/S. 2104), which provided for the’ allocation of natural gas, when necessary, for use as a petrochemical feedstock material. cns- 5 1374094 UPDATE-01/18/89 .1.:§§£§LAE.I.Q§. H.R. 180 (Chappell) Establishes a Mineral Conservation Research and Development Commission within the National Science Foundation, and provides .for the inventory of major nonfuel raw materials and the development of substitute materials; Introduced Jan. 15, 1979; referred to Committee on Science and Technology. H.R. 2743 (Fuqua et al.) The Materials Policy, Research, and Development Act of 1979. Provides for a national policy for materials science and technology and strengthens the materials research and development capability and performance ofv the United States. Introduced Mar. 8, 1979; referred to Committee on Science and Technology. Hearings held on June 25, 26, and 28, 1979. Passed by the House, amended, Dec. 4, 1979. Referred to the senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. ’ 3.3.5. 233 (311115) F Provides for the establishment of a Select Committee on Materials and Natural Resources. Introduced Apr. 24, 1979; referred to Committee on Rules. 3. 366 (Jackson) 7 “ The Federal Land Mining Act of 1979 Provides a national policy for the extraction of necessary raw materials from federal lands consistent with preserving environmental ‘quality and. use of lands for other purposes. Introduced Feb. 7, 1979;f referred to Committee on Energy and Natural 1 sources.‘ " — 9 Major legislation closely related to National Materials Policy includes the following: 4 ' A 32r;9nel-§a22r;2l§.§222kBilge P.L. 96-41 (H.R. 2154) Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Revision Act of 1979. Requires that appropriations for acquisition of strategic and critical materials be authorized by law, to establish a National Defense stockpile Transaction Fund., H.R. 21549 introduced Feb. 15, 1979; referred to the lcommittee on Armed Forces. Hearing held on H.R. 2154 on Feb. 23, 1979; House passed H.R. 2154 on Mar. 19, 1979. [H.R. 2154 is.a revised version of H.Ra .22.] S. 290 introduced Jan; 31, 1979; referred to Committee on Armed Services. Hearing held on S. 290 by subcommittee on Military Construction and stockpiles on Mar. 19, 1979. H.R. 2154 passed Senate, amended, on June 13, 1979. Signed by President into law (P.L. 96-41) on July 30, 1979. P.L. 96-175 (H .R. 595) Authorizes the disposal of 35,000 long tons of tin in the national and supplemental stockpiles. House passed bill, amended, Apr. 3, 1979. Senate passed bill Oct. 16. Measure went to Conference and was signed into public law (P.L. 96-175) Dec. 29, 1979. ‘ H.R. 3930 (Moorhead et al.) The Defense Production Act Amendments of 1979, provides for the purchase land stockpiling of synthetic fuels and synthetic chemical feedstocks, and for cas- 6 IB7uo9u UPDATE-O1/18/BO yother purposes. Introduced May 3, 1979; referred to Committee on Bankingfi Finance, and Urban Affairs. Reported from Committee on may 8, 1979. Passed House, amended, June 26, 1979. S. 932 passed in lieu June 26, 1979. ‘ S. 932 (Proxmire). Defense Production Act Amendments of‘ 1979 (Senate “synfuels" bill).- Establishes the Energy Security Corporation (ESC), a private corporation» which can provide low interest loans, loan guarantees, purchase guaranteesg and guaranteed prices to develop synfuels. House passed Senate bill, amended, in lieu of H.R. 3930 June 26, 1979.9 Reported jointly from Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, with amendment (S.Reptu 96-387) Oct. 30, 1979. Reported jointly from Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, with amendment (S.Rept. 96-387) Oct. 30, 1979. Passed Senate (65-19) Nov. 8, 1979. at I naterial§.Aeszsling.and.Agnes H.B. 594 (Mitchell) I The National Oil Recycling Act. Provides for the recycling of used oilti to encourage increased federal use of recycled oil, and to promote increased ’federal research and development in the performance and marketability of recycled oil. Introduced Jan. 15, 1979; referred to Committees on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Ways and Means, Government Operations, and Science and Technology. For further action, see H.R. 1713. : H.R. 1583 (Edwards) A Amends the International Revenue Code of 1954 to provide income tax incentives to improve the economics of recycling waste paper. Introduced Jan. 29, 1979; referred to the Committee on Ways and Means. ’ Aetsrial§.Inf9;n2ti2n;§z§:2m§ S. 663 (Stevenson et al.) A , The Earth Data and Information Service Actl of 1979.,r Establishes an Earth Data and Information Service within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Introduced Mar. 1a, 1979; referred to the Committee on Commerce,_Science, and Transportation. Hearings held on Apr. 9 and 11, 1979i S. 875 (Schmitt et al.) 1 The Earth Resources Information Corporation Act of 1979. 1 Provides for the establishment, ownership, operation, and regulation of a commercial Earth resources information system utilizing satellites and other technologies., Introduced Apr. 4, 1979; referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science,i and Transportation.. Hearings held on Apr. 9 and 11, 1979. §§AB£E§§ U.S. Congress. House. Committee on,Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Foreign Economic Policy. Global scarcities in an interdependent world. Hearings, 93d Congress, 2d session. may 1, 8, 9, 15, and 22, 1974. Hashington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1974. 259 p. U.S. Congress. House.i Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Mines and Mining. Oversight hearings on nonfuel minerals policy. 96th Congress, 1st session. Apr. 9, May 8, June 12, July 10, Aug. 2, Sept. 13, Oct. 18, and Dec. 11 and 13, 1979. [To be published] cns-— 7 1374094 UPDATE-O1/18/80 0.5. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Extension of the overseas private investment corporation. Markup and hearings on H.R. 9179, 95th Congress, 1st and 2d sessions. Sept. 27, 1977; Jan. 24, 27; and Feb. 8, 1978. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 129 p. (Jan. 24 hearing: the role of OPIC in raw materials supply and demand.) 0.5. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology. Materials policy and solid waste management. Hearing, 95th Congress, 2d session. Sept. 21, 1978. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 141 p. ‘ -v--~ A national policy for materials: research and resources. 1st and 2d sessions. Hearings, June 29; July 13, 14, 1977; Feb. 28, Mar. 1, 2, and 6, 1978.. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. - Off., 1978. 986 p. 0.5. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittees on Science, Research, and Technology and Natural Resources and the Environment. Joint hearings on H.R. 2743, to promote a national materials research and development poliy. 96th Congress, 1st session. June 25, 26, 28, and Oct. 23, and 30, 1979. [To be published.) 0.5. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space «Sciences. Earth Resources Satellites. Hearings, 93d Congress, 2d session, on S. 2350 and S. 3484. Aug. 6, 8, 9; and Sept. 18, 1974. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. A Off., 1974. 336 p. 0.5. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Materials Management Act of 1975. Hearings, 94th Congress, 1st session, pursuant to S. 1410 and S. 1415. Dec. 2 and 3, 1975. Washington, 0.5. Gov‘t Print. Off., 1975. 309 pages. A A 0.5. Congress. senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space. Materials policy.. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st session. July 14 and 19, 1977. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 137 p. . 0.5. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Minerals, Materials, and Fuels. Hineral 1development on federal lands. Hearings on S. 1040, S. 3085, S. 3086, S. 3009, and 5. 3010. 93d Congress, 2d session. Har. 27, 29, and Apr. 2, 1974., Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. off., 1974. 4462 p. A —---- National materials policy. Hearings, 93d Congress, 1st session. Oct. 30, 31; and Nov. 1, 1973. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. 514 p. » 0.5. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works. Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution. Resource Recovery Act of 1969 (Part 1). Hearings, 91st Congress, 1st session. Apr. 10; CRS- 8 .' 11374094 UPCDATE--011/18/80 June 13, 1969. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1969. 495 p. , 4 Part 2. 91st Congress, 1st session. Sept. 30; Oct. 1, 2, 3, and 28, 1969. p. 497-1418. it Part 3. 91st Congress, 2d session. Feb. 20, 23, 24, and 25, 1970. p. 1419-1866. A Part 4.» 91st Congress, 2d session. Feb. 26, 27; March 3; 1970. p. 1867-2178. Part 5. .91st Congress, 2d session. Mar. 4, 5, 13, and 31, 1970. p. 2179-2644. 0.5. Congress. Senate. Committee on Public Works.3 Subcommittee on Environmental Pollution. The need for a national materials policy. Hearings before the Panel on Materials Policy, 93d Congress, 2d session. 3 parts. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1974. Part 1. June 11, 12, and 13, 1974, p. 1-460. Part 2. .July 9, 10, 11, 15, and 16, 1974, p. 1-782. Part 3. July 17 and 18, 1974, p. 783-1875. —0.S. ’Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development. Industrial materials. iTechnological problems and issues for Congress. Washington, 0.3. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. 24 p. At head of title: 92d Congress, 2d session.i Committee -print. = A . 0.5. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. . Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology. Building a consensus on legislation for a national materials “policy. December 1978. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. 384 p. ~ At head of title: 95th Congress, 2d session. Committee print. 9 [Proceedings of the Fifth Engineering Foundation Conference on National Materials Policy, Henniker, N.H., July 30-Aug. 4, 1978] « ----- Materials policy handbook: legislative issues of materials ‘research and technology. Washington, 0.3- Govt. Print. 0ff., June 1977. 205 p. . S 1 At head of title: 95th Congress, 1st session. Committee print.} ‘---- A National policy for materials: research and resources. Interim report. December 1978. Washington, 0.S. Govt. Print. off., 1979. 126 p. At head of title: 95th Congress, 2d session. Committee Print. Serial WWW.’ Summary of hearings: a national policy for materials: research and resources. 95th Congress, 2d session. Washington, 0.8. Govt. Print. 0ff., September 1978. 80 p. Serial 00 r . CRS- 9 1374094 0PDATE—O1/18/80 0.3. Congress. Joint Committee on Defense Production. Federal materials policy, part I. Recommendations for action,l 1952-1976. Washington, 0.3. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 205 p. At head of title: 94th Congress, 2d Session. Committee Print. ‘ ~ '1 0.5. Congress. .Senate. Committee on Public Works. Problems and issues of a national materials policy. Washington, 0.3. Govt. Print. 0ff., Dec. 1970. 272 p. - At head of title: 91st Congress, 2d session. Committee print. Papers delivered at an Engineering Foundation Research Conference on National Materials Policy, July 1970. -~--- Resource Recovery Act of 1970; report to accompany S. 2005. Washington, 0.3. Govt. Print. Off., July 23, 1970. 01 p. At head of title: 91st Congress, 2d session. Report no. ----— Toward a national materials policy. Washington, 0.5. Govt. ' 9Print. off., Apr. 1969. 86 p. . At head of title: 91st Congress, 1st session. Committee print. A report on a proposed commission on national materials policy. - Availability, utilization, and salvage-of industrial raw materials. Hashington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., Jan. 8, 1968. :17 p- At head of title: 90th Congress, 2d session. Committee print. §§§Q!QLQ§Z-Q§-E!§§2§ 12/04/79 -- House passed the Materials Policy, Research, and Development Act of 1979 (H.R. 2743). 11/19/79 -— A CRS seminar was held on the subject “Minerals and Haterials: Can We Avoid Catastrophe?“ 08/16/79 —- A CRS workshop was held on the subject "Vulnerability A to Imported uaterials." » A 2 9 08/00/79 -—-The Administration issued its draft report "Report on the Issues Identified in the Nonfuel Minerals Policy Review“ for public review and comment. 06/25/79 -»Hearings were begun by the House Committee on Science and Technology on a national materials research and development policy. Hearings continued June 26, 28, Oct. 23 and 30, 1979. _p : 04/09/79 -—-Oversight Hearings were begun by the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Subcommittee on Hines and aiming, on nonfuel minerals policy. Hearings continued may 8, June 12, July 10, Aug. 2, Sept. 13, and Oct. 18, 1979. O9/21/78 cns-10 IB7uo9u UPDATE-O1/18/8:0 - Hearing on materials policy and solid waste management by the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology of the House Committee on Science and Technology. 02/31/78 — 08/04/78 -— Fifth Engineering Foundation research 06/22/73 02/23/73 12/12/77 11/18/77 o7/is/77 07/ 11/77 06/29/77 01/10/77 conference on national materials policy held at New England College, Henniker, N.H., with emphasis upon national materials policy legislation. An oversight hearing was held by the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce on the White House nonfuel minerals policy study. Hearings were held by the House Committee on Science and Technology on the need for a national materials policy, continuing on Har. 1, 2, and 6, 1978. Announcement by the White House of a 15-month interagency review of Federal nonfuel minerals policy, and the formation of a Cabinet-level coordinating committee to implement the study. A symposium was held by the Federation of Materials Societies on “materials and National Issues.“ - O7/14/77 - —Hearings were held by the House Committee 1 on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology on materials technology and policy. ‘ -07/19/77 - lHearings were held by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space, on the final report of the National Commission on Supplies and Shortages. A The Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology met for a briefing on a Haterials Technology and Policy Handbook. The National Commission on Supplies and Shortages released its report, “Government and the Nation's Resources". 1 * H8/08/76 -08/13/76 - Fourth Engineering Foundation research conference on national materials policy held at New England College, Henniker, N.H., with emphasis upon engineering implications of chronic resource scarcity. 04/28/76 --04/29/76 --National Academy of Sciences held conference on Materials and the Development of Nations. 11/28/75 —- President Ford signed the National Productivity and Quality of Life Act of 1975, P.L. 94-136. 06/09/75 09/30/7a 08/12/74 04/30/74 02/_12/‘M o1/30x74 52/oo/73 v10/30/73 06/27/73 03/00/73 01/03/73 08/00/72 07/30/72 cns-11 IB7ao94 UPDATE-01/18/80 —- 11th Annual National Symposium on Energy and Materials held in Washington, D.C. . - The National Commission on Studies and Shortages was established under P.L. 93-H26. -—08/16/74 -— Third Engineering Foundation research conference on national materials policy was held at New England College, Henniker, N.H.. Sen. Hike Mansfield, then Senate Majority Leader, met with Congressional and Administration leaders to discuss creation of a committee to deal with problems of national materials policy. iThe Office of Technology Assessment announced that one of the six initial assessment areas would be materials resources. = . President Nixon, in his State of the Union message, called for a comprehensive report and policy analysis on the subject of materials conservation, substitution, recycling, and exploration of new sources of supply. The Committee on the Survey of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the National Academy of Sciences submitted their report "Materials and nan*s Needs. Materials Science and Engineering,“ to the National Commission on Materials Policy. ‘ -— 11/01/73 -;Hearings were held by the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Subcommittee on ninerals, Materials, and Fuels, on the final report of the National Commission on Materials Policy. The National Commission on materials Policy submitted its final report, “Material Needs and the Environment, Today and Tomorrow," to the President and the Congress, The National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering submitted its report, “Han, Materials, and Environment," to the National Commission on Materials Policy. A A A A The Office of Technology Assessment requested that the Federation of Materials Societies conduct “a survey of existing institutions providing the various kinds of U.S., materials information services, with an appraisal of the services provided with respect to scope, quality, accessibility, completeness, and adequacy, relative to estimated national need." A A A The National Academy of Sciences/National A Academy of Engineering submitted their report, "Elements of a National Materials Policy," to the National Commission on Materials Policy. —-08/04/72 -— Second Engineering Foundation research conferenced cns—12 IB7uo94 UPDATE-01/18/8b on national materials policy was held at New England College, Henniker, New Hampshire. 12731/70 - President Nixon signed the Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970, P _.L. 91-631 . 10/26/70 —— President Nixon signed the Resource Recovery Act of 1970,‘ P.L. 91-512. (Title II, National Materials Policy Act of 1970, created the National Commission on Materials Policy.) 07/13/70 - 07/17/70 - First Engineering Foundation research converence ' 9 on national materials policy was held at New England College, Henniker, New Hampshire. 1Q/20/65 -.President Johnson signed the Clean Air Act Amendments, P.L. 89-272. (Title II, Solid waste Disposal Act of 1965.) .06/02/52 5- The Presidentfis Materials Policy Commission (Paley Commission) submitted its final report, “Resources for Ereedom,“ to the President- 01/22/51 —— Appointment by President Truman of the President's Materials Policy Commission (Paley Commission) “to study the materials problem of the United States and its relation to the free and friendly nations of the world.P‘ 07/23/H6 - President Truman signed the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, P.L. 79-520. ‘O6/07/39 - President Roosevelt signed the Strategic War Materials Act, P IL 0 0 A22L$£Q!A--§§§§§§!S§-§9EBQ§§ Advisory Committee on National Growth Policy Proesses; report to the National Commission on Supplies and Shortages.i Forging America's future. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. Commission on Natural Resources, National Research Council. ~Committee on Mineral Resources and the Environment (COMRATE). Mineral resources and the environment. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1975. 348 p. Landsberg, Hans H., Leonard L. Fischman, and Joseph L. Fisher. Resources in Americafis future:A patterns of requirements and availabilities, 1960~2000. Washington, Resources for the Future. [1964] 1038 p. National Academy of Sciences. Ad-hoc Committee on Critical Materials Technology in the Energy Program. Materials technology in the near—term energy program. Washington, NAS, 1974. 136 pages. A I National Academy of Sciences. icommittee on the Survey of Materials Science and Engineering. Materials and man's needs. Materials science and engineering. Washington, National Academy of cns-13 11374094 UPDATE-0 1/18/4,80 Sciences., [1974] 217 p. National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering. National materials policy. Proceedings of a Joint Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences-National Academy of Engineering, Oct. 25-26, 1973.. Washington, WAS-NAE, 1975. 215 p. National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering. Environmental Studies Board. nan, materials, and environment. Cambridge, nass., The MIT Press. [1973] 236 p. National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council. Committee on Resources and Man. Resources and man. San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and Co. .[1969] 259 p. National Materials Advisory Board. Elements of a national materials policy. Washington, National Academy of Sciences/National [Academy of Engineering." [August 1972] 66 p. 0.3. Congressional Budget Office. 0.5. raw materials policy: problems and possible solutions. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 0ff., Dec. 28, 1976.. 50 p. ' U.S. General Accounting Office. Federal materials research and development: modernizing institutions and management. Washington, General Accounting Office, Dec. 2, 1975, 68 p. [Report no. OSP~76-O]: 6 -—-—+ Learning to look ahead: the need for a national materials policy and planning process. 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