CONGRESSIONAL . RESEARCH U.‘. , , SER\/‘CE -’ * _ nlversu of MIssoun- Columbia Illllfllllllllllll llllflllllllllllll lllllllllllillllll CONGRESS . ‘ O10-103861634 WILDLIFE AND FISHERIES: ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES ISSUE BRIEF NUMBER IB79061 AUTHOR: Jolly , will iam Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE MAJOR ISSUES SYSTEM DATE ORIGINATED Q§4c_)_5_;19_ DATE UPDATED ggggggg FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CALL 287-5700 0820 CRS* 1 IB79061 UPDATE-08/20/80 I§SUE DEFI§;$;Q_ The extinction of plants and animals is a natural phenomenon. The accelerated rate at which this is occurring, however, has created concern in the United States and worldwide. The major causes of species extinction are destruction and modification of natural habitats, followed by excessive hunting, and pollution by toxic chemicals. Protection of species from extinction often requires protection of their habitat. This, in turn, may conflict with perceived national needs. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 originally identified protection of endangered and threatened species as highest priority. In 1978, the Act was amended to provide an exemption process when projects of national significance come into conflict with the protection of listed species. The issue is how to prevent the extinction of species while simultaneously providing for the needs and goals of the people FEDERAL LEGISLATION PRIOR TO 1973 The impact of man's activities on wild plant and animal species has received increasing attention over the past decade. Sensitive to the xcreasing rate of species’ ‘extinction due to human activities, and acknowledging the ecological importance of all species of fauna and flora, people have been motivated to attempt to prevent further extinctions whenever possible. Congress first comprehensively addressed the problem of endangered species with passage of the Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 (P.L. 89-669). This Act authorized the Secretary of the Interior to initiate and carry out program efforts to conserve, restore, and, in some cases, propagate certain species of indigenous fish and wildlife determined by the Secretary to be in danger of extinction. The Act also consolidated and expanded authority for the Secretary of the Interior to manage and administer the wNational Wildlife Refuge System. While this Act acknowledged a wide variety of causes of extinction, including loss of habitat, over-exploitation, disease, and predation, the only method of conservation addressed was habitat protection. The endangered species program was expanded by the Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-135), which authorized the Secretary of the Interior to develop a list of species or subspecies of animals threatened with worldwide extinction and prohibited the importation from any foreign country of any such animal or any part, any product, or egg thereof. Limited exceptions for scientific, educational, zoological, or propagational purposes and for certain.cases of commercial "economic hardship" were allowed under strict permitting Procedures. The 1969 Act also amended existing laws to prohibit throughout the United States the sale or purchase by any person of y endangered domestic species or part or product thereof which was taken in violation of the laws or regulations of a state or foreign country. Finally, the 1969 Act authorized up to $15 million to be appropriated to acquire lands for the purpose of conserving, protecting, restoring, fir propagating any endangered species. CRS- 2 IB79061 UPDATE’08/20/80 While the 1969 Act remedied some of the deficiencies of the previous legislation and added several significant provisions, the need was still felt for stronger remedial legislation. Hearings revealed the following concerns: establishing the relationship between federal and state efforts; broadening the concept of "endangered species" to include plant as well as animal 9 species, and threatened species not yet actually endangered or populations of species that may be in danger in part of the species’ range but not necessarily over all of it; providing strengthened means of. habitat acquisition and protection in furtherance of endangered species conservation; and prohibiting the taking of endangered species whether or not provided for by the individual states. THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973 The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-205) was enacted to rectify the above and other perceived inadequacies of the previous Acts. Recognizing that endangered species of wildlife and plants “are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the Nation and its people,“ and responding to concerns voiced in the House and Senate reports that "the elimination of one species from a natural community can result in disruption of the ecological balance necessary to preserve many interrelated lifeforms," the 1973 Act states that "the purposes of this Act are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved, [and] to provide a program for the conservation of such endangered species and threatened species." In order to accomplish this, the Act declares a policy "that all Federal departments and agencies shall seek to conserve endangered species and shall. utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes of this Act." This mandate represents a considerable broadening of the congressional policy stated in the previous legislation of 1969 in which protection was to be provided for species "insofar as is practicable." The 1973 Act repeals the Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1969, broadens federal responsibilities to list species, and increases they federal authorization and programs for insuring the survival of species. Direct land indirect means of achieving the stated goal of protecting the ecosystems upon by which endangered and threatened speciescdepend are provided for in the Act. Direct protection is provided through authorization for the Secretaries of Agriculture and the Interior to acquire land for the conservation and propagation of affected plants and animals. Indirect protection is provided for in section 7, which requires that all federal departments and agencies ensure that their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of listed species or destroy or adversely modify their critical habitat. ' Since the passage of the Act in 1973, four cases have been litigated under section 7 [Ea:i29el-EilQlife-zeégratieu v- Qelemanl 529 F-2d 359 (5th Cir-). cert. denied, n29 0.5. 979 (1976): §ie£2e.£luh v. ggggglgg, 53a F.2d 1239 (8th Cir. 1976); Ill v. glll, #37 0.5. 153 (1978); ggbggggg v. ggggl . Elegzrifisasien.AQmi2i§$;eti2n. No. CV76-L-242 1D- Neb.. Oct. 2. 1978)]- The lower federal courts have construed the Act in a variety of ways, unable to reach consensus as to whether the statute creates an absolute proscription. against interfering with protected species, or whether the preservation of such species is but one equitable consideration to be balanced against economic and other national concerns. The Supreme Court's recent decision in T1; v. glll guaranteed the continued viability of endangered and threatened species against interference from any federal or federally assisted public works project, regardless of the extent of completion. cRs- 3 IB79061 npnamneoa/20/an The stringent restraint imposed upon federal activity by section 7 has thus been interpreted by the courts as "affording endangered species the highest of priorities." The Supreme Court.in the gill case concluded that such an interpretation of the Act should stand until Congress reevaluated its priorities. This occurred in 1978 (see below). A 1976 AND 1977 AMENDMENTS Additional amendments to the original Act have been made in the intervening years since its. passage. The Appropriation Authorization Extension in 1976 (P.L. 94-325) authorized appropriations for the Departments ,of Commerce and the Interior for the fiscal year transition period in 1976, fiscal year 1977, and fiscal year 1978. The purpose of the Amendments of 1976 (P.L. 9u—359) was to, improve ~ management of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and to allow for the limited disposal of pre-Act, legally obtained endangered species parts and products (i.e., sperm whale oil and scrimshaw). Also in 1976 a bill was introduced in the House (H.R. 11418) that would establish a pilot program to compensate persons who suffer loss or damage from predation by endangered species. The bill was voted down in the House. In 1977, the Endangered Species Act was again amended (P.L. 95-212). This /amendment was intended to facilitate the development of cooperative jreements between state and federal governments through provision of an alternative set of requirements governing establishment of such programs. It y also authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1978 through 1980 to Acarry out such cooperative programs. THE '19 78 AMENDMENTS In November 1978, Congress passed the Endangered Species Act Amendments (P.L. 95-632). These Amendments greatly modify the original mandates of section 7 specifically, and deemphasize the priority given to endangered and threatened species in general. The intent of the Amendments was to 1 strengthen the original Act by incorporating some flexibility into the previously absolute language, thus allowing construction of federal or federally assisted projects deemed necessary to the national interest while simultaneously affording protection for endangered species. This is achieved through a 7-member executive level. interagency committee which reviews good-faith consultations, that resulted in irresolvable conflicts. This Committee may exempt, modify, or terminate an activity from the provisions of the Act if such activity meets certain criteria set forth in the law. In its first action in a special expedited process set up by the 1978 Amendments, the Endangered Species Committee decided, unanimously, to exempt the Grayrocks Dam and Reservoir project on the Laramie River in Wyoming after imposing mitigating and enhancement measures to ensure that the project would /rot destroy the critical habitat of the endangered whooping crane. At the x,.me time the Committee agreed, again unanimously and largely on economic grounds, not to exempt the Tellico dam and. reservoir, a Tennessee Valley Authority project located in Tennessee. other provisions of the 1978 law were intended to improve the process whereby species or their critical habitats are designated. These include CRS- H IB79061 U?DATE-08/20/30 requirements for improved public notice and hearings, for analysis of th economic impact of critical habitat designations, and for the periodic review of previously listed species. Proposals to list any new species as threatened or endangered must now contain specification of critical habitat proposed for designation upon final listing. THE 1979 AMENDMENTS Congress acted with respect to endangered species through two legislative vehicles in 1979. Authorization for administration of the Endangered Species Act had been extended only 18 months by the 1978 Amendments and was scheduled to expire in the middle of FY80. Bills to authorize appropriations to carry out the Endangered Species Act of 1973 during FY80, 81, and 82, and for other purposes (H.R. 2218/S. 1143) passed the Senate on June 13, 1979, and passed the House on Oct. 2a, 1979. Proposals to exempt the Tellico Dam project from the protections of the Act had been defeated in Senate Committee and again on F! the Senate floor. The House and Senate went to conference over differences in the two versions of the bill as respectively adopted. Conferees reached agreement on Dec. H, 1979, and House and Senate agreed to the conference report (H.Rept. 96-697) on Dec. 19, 1979. The bill as enacted was signed into law on Dec. 28, 1979, as P.L. 96-159. 6 The new statute authorizes appropriations to fund the Act through FY82. In addition to provisions for funding endangered species work of the Departments of Commerce and the Interior, the Act authorized appropriations- to support Endangered Species Committee and review board functions (under section 7) for FY80-82. For the first time, appropriations were also authorized for the Department of Agriculture to facilitate enforcement of both the Act and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) with regard to the importation and exportation of terrestrial plants. The 1979 Amendments designate the Interior Secretary as the Endangered Species Scientific Authority (ESSA) under CITES. Formerly ‘ESSA was a 7-member independent panel with regulatory authority, but not accountable to any public official. The 7-member panel, stripped of regulatory authority, remains as the International Convention Advisory Commission (ICAC). The Secretary now has the enforcement authority ESSA formerly, had, but if the Secretary rejects ICAC recommendations, reasons musti be published in the £s§eral-§s9i§22r- Finally, a number of revisions in the Endangered Species Act were also made by the 1979 Amendments with respect. to public meetings and notice requirements, status reviews, critical habitat notifications, consultation requirements of Federal agencies, and other administrative matters. The jeopardy standard under section 7 of the Endangered Species Act was changedw from "would jeopardize" to "is likely to jeopardize." The deadline for the sale of scrimshaw was extended under the amendments for three more years in cases where whale parts and products were held in stock prior to 1973. The other 1979 congressional action relating to endangered species concerns the Tellico Dam. when the House passed H.R. #388 (the energy and water development appropriations bill for FY80) on June 18, 1979, it accepted by voice vote a non-germane amendment offered by Mr. Duncan to provide for the completion of construction, operation, and maintenance of the Tellico Dam and Reservoir project. The Tellico project had been halted because of the presence in the project impact area of the officially endangered snail CRS- 5 IB79061 UPDATE—0 8/'20/80 .rter. The Endangered Species Committee, established by the 1978 Amendments (see above), had declined to exempt the project from the requirements of the Endangered Species Act, and the authorizing committees of Congress, so far as the Endangered Species Act is concerned, were disinclined to intervene after the intense debate and seeming legislative resolution of the conflict in 1978. when H.R. u388 was considered in the Senate, the provision exempting Tellico was struck and the bill then passed on July 18, 1979. The measure ultimately went to a Conference Committee and the matter of whether or not to exempt the Tellico project was reported in disagreement on July 2a, ‘1979 (H.Conf.Rept. 96-388). The House reconsidered the issue in disagreement on Aug. 1, 1979, and by a vote of 258 to 156 reaffirmed its desire to exempt the Tellico project from provisions of the Endangered Species Act. On September 10, the Senate voted 08 to an to recede from its position and thus accepted the House version. The bill was approved by the President and signed into law on Sept. 25, 1979 (P.L. 96-69). CURRENT STATUS The 1978 Amendments require specific new information when listing species as endangered or threatened, or when designating their critical habitat. As a result of these new requirements, on Mar. 6, 1979, the Fish and Wildlife Service withdrew proposed rulemakings to designate critical habitat for various animals listed (or proposed for listing) as endangered or threatened. All outstanding proposals for listing the species themselves must also be supplemented with specification of critical habitat proposed for designation Jon final listing. 6 « The 1978 Amendments require a mandatory 5-year review ofw all listed species. All species listed as endangered or threatened between 1969 and 1975 are currently being teviewed to determine validity of classification, critical habitat, or whether they may be unlisted. Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provides for cooperative endangered species programs with the States. More than $18 million has been apportioned to eligible states since the grant program began in 1976. Authorization for section 6 appropriations was scheduled to expire in FY81. Legislation to authorize increased appropriations for FY81 and appropriations lwfor FY82 was introduced in the House (H.R. 6839). Hearings on the bill were held by the Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment Subcommittee on March 20. The bill was marked up, reported out by the Subcommittee on March 26, and reported to the House by the full Committee on Apr. 22, 1980 (H.Rept. 96-896). The bill was considered in the House under suspension of the rules on May 5, 1980, and passed without debate. The measure went to the Senate where it was also passed without debate on may 12, 1980. H.R. 6839 was signed into law by theePresident on May 23, 1980 (P.L. 96-246). Section 1 of the legislation authorizes $12 million to be 2 appropriated in fiscal years 1981 and 1982 to carry out section 6 of the Endangered Species Act. P.L. 95-212 authorized $16 million to carry out section 6 during fiscal years 1978 through 1981. $4 million of this previous authorization remains to be appropriated in 1981. H.R. 6839, then, restates the authorization through fiscal year 1980, and adds $8 million to the amount _;eviously authorized for fiscal year 1981. IB79G61 UPDATE-G8/20/80 CH CBS- L§§l§LAI£QE 9.1.. 96-69 (H.R. uses) Makes appropriations for energy and water development for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1980. Introduced June 7, 1979; passed House June 18 with amendments exempting Tellico Dan from compliance with Endangered Species Act; passed Senate July 18 with amendment striking Tellico Dam exemption; Conference Committee reported in disagreement about Tellico on July 2a (H.Conf.Rept. 96-388); House reconfirmed desire to exempt Tellico on Aug. 1: Senate withdrew amendment preventing Tellico exemption on Sept. 10, 1979. Enacted Sept. 25, 1979. S H.R. 2218 (Murphy of New York et al.) Endangered Species Act Appropriations Authorization Extension. Extends the authorization for appropriations through 1982. Introduced Feb. 15, 1979; referred to House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries; favorably reported out of Committee with amendments on May 15, 1979 (H. Rept. 96-167). Passed House, amended, by voice vote on Oct. 2a, 1979. Passage vacated and S. 11u3 passed in lieu after amendment to contain language of H.R. 2218 as passed. Endangered Species Act Appropriation Authorization Extension. Extends the authorization for appropriations through 1982 and makes additional minor changes in the Act. An original bill from the Committee on Environment and Public Works was favorably reported on May 15, 1979 (S.Rept. 964151). Considered and passed the Senate on June .13, 1979. Passed House, with language of H.R. 2218, on Oct. zu, 1980. Conference report filed Dec. 11, 1979 (see H.Rept. 96-697). House and Senate agreed to Conference Report Dec. 19, 1979. Enacted Dec. 28, 1979. P.L. 96-246 (H.R. 6839) Authorizes appropriations for Federal-State endangered species cooperative programs under section 6 of the ESA for fiscal years 1981 and 1982. Introduced Mar. 18, 1980: referred to Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Hearings, mark-up, Mar. 21, 1980; reported Apr. 22, 1980. Passed House May 5, 1980. Passed Senate May 12, 1980. Signed into law May 23, 1980. ‘E§ABlH§§ U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment. Endangered Species. Hearings, 93d Congress, 1st session. Mar. 15, 26, 27, 1973. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. 388 p. "Serial no. 93-5“ U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the U.S. 0.5. 0.5. CRS- 7 IB79061 UPDATE—O8/20/80 Environment. Fish and Wildlife Misc., Part 5. Hearings, 93d Congress, 2d session. Nov. 22, and Dec. 12, 197a. Washington, U.S. Print. Off., 1974. 228 "Serial no. 93-H6" PC Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment. Whaling, Whale Oil, and Scrimshaw. Hearings, 94th Congress, 1st session. May 13, 1“, June 9, 10, 13, 1975. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975. 257 p. "Serial no. 94-7" Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment. Endangered Species Oversight. Hearings, 9uth Congress, 1st session. Oct. 1, 2, 6, 1975. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975. 367 p. "Implementation and Administration of the Endangered Species Act and its amendments, and to review the problems and issues encountered. "Serial no. 9H-17" Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environnent. Fish and wildlife miscellaneous, part 4. Hearings, 9uth Congress, 2d session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 354 p. Hearings on Endangered Species Authorization held Feb. 5, 6, 1976. Hearings on reimbursement for livestock loss caused by endangered species held on Mar. 26, 1976. "Serial no. 9h-30“ 3 Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment. Fish and Wildlife Miscellaneous, Part 1. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 383 p. Hearings on Endangered Species Authorization held Mar. 22, 1977; hearings on Amendments held on Oct. 26, 1977. "Serial no. 95-18" Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment. Endangered Species, Part 1. Hearings, 95th Congress, 2d session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 561 p. ' Hearings on Authorization held Feb. 15, 1978; oversight hearings held May 2“, 25, June 1, 15, 16, 20, 23, and 28, 1978. "Serial nos. 95-39 (Part 1) and 95-no (Part 2)" Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment. Endangered Species Act of 1973. Hearings, 93d Congress, 1st session, June 18 and 21, 1973. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. "Serial no. 93-67" 153 p. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on To Amend the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Congress . Environment. U.S. UCSC U.S. UCSO U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. ...s- 8 11579061 J 0PDATE—G8/20/80 Hearings, 94th Congress, 2d session, May 6, 1976. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 190 p. "Serial no. 90-82" Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Resource Protection. Authorization for the Endangered Species Act and for Three Wildlife Refuges. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st session, Apr. 21, 1977. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 59 p. "Serial no. 95-H19" Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Resource Protection. Endangered Species Act Oversight. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st session, July 20, 21, and 28, 1977. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 1025 p. "Serial no. 95-H33" Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Resource Protection. Amending the Endangered species Act of 1973. Hearings, 95th Congress, 2d session, Apr. 13 and 1a, 1978. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. #05 p. \ "Serial no. 95-H60" Congress. Senate. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Resource Protection. Endangered species Act Reauthorization. Hearings, 96th Congress, 1st session, Apr. 3, 1979. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. 132 p. "Serial no. 96-H11" Endangered Species Act of Washington, 1st Congress. Conference Committee. 1973; conference report to accompany S. 1983. 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. 29 p. (93d Congress, session. House. Report no. 93-700) Congress. Conference Committee. Endangered Species Act Authorizations; conference report, to accompany 5. 1316. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. n p. (95th Congress, 1st session. Senate. Report no. 95-607) Congress. Conference Committee. Endangered Species Act Authorizations; conference report to accompany 5. 1316. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 4 p. (95th Congress, 1st session. House. Report no. 95-823). Congress. Conference Committee. Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978; conference report to accompany 5. 2899. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 28 p. (95th Congress, 2d session. House. Report no. 95-1800) House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Endangered and Threatened Species Conservation Congress. Fisheries. U.S. U.S. U.S. CRS- 9 IB79061 UPDATE-08/20/80 37. Washington, (93d Congress, 1st Act of 1973; report to accompany H.R. 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. 00 p. session. House. Report no. 93-H12) Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Endangered Species Act Authorization: report together with dissenting views, to accompany H.R. 8092. Washington, 0.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 11 p. (90th Congress, 2d session. House. Report no. 94-887) House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Endangered Species Act Amendments; report to accompany H.R. 10229. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 16 p. (94th Congress, 2d session. Report no. 94-823) Congress . HD1159 . Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Authorization of section 6 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973; report including cost of estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, to accompany H.R. 6005. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 10 p. (95th Congress, 1st session. House. Report no. 95-333) Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978; report together vithyadditional views, to accompany H.R. 1u1ou, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office. Washington, 0.3. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 69 p. A(9Sth Congress, 2d session. House. Report no. 95-1625) Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Endangered Species Act of 1973 Authorization; report to accompany H.R. 2218, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. 19 p. (96th Congress, 1st session. House. Report no. 96-167) ----- Federal-state cooperative programs; report to accompany H.R. 6839, including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget office. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 9 p. (96th Congress, 2d session. House. Report no. 96-896) ----- Oversight Report on the Administration of the Endangered Species Act and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Washington, 0.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1980. 28 p. (96th Congress, 2d session. House. Serial No. 96-D) Congress. Senate. Committee on Cbmmerce. Endangered Species Act of 1973; report to accompany S. 1983. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1973. 42 p. (93d Congress, 1st session. Senate. Report no. 93-307) Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Endangered Species Act of 1973 Reauthorization; report on S. 3122. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1976. 6 p. (94th Congress, Congress. CRS—10 IB7905T UPDATE-O3/20/80 2d session. Senate. Report no. 94-837) Senate. Committee on Commerce. Scrimshaw Art Preservation Act of 1975; report to accompany S. 9 p. 229. (94th Congress, 1975. Report Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1st session. Senate. no. 94-63) UCSC Congress. Public report to accompany 5. Print. Off., Senate. UCSC Congress. Works. to accompany S. 2899. 1978. Report no. 95-87a) Congr ess . Senate. Committee on Environment and Works. Endangered Species Act authorizations; 1316. Washington, U.S. Govt. 1977. n p. (95th Congress, 1st session. Report no. 95-186) Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978; report Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 12 p. (95th Congress, 2d session. Senate. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works, Endangered Species Act Authorizations; report together with additional views, to accompany S. 1183. Hashington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. 14 p. (96th Congress, 1st session. Senate. Report no. 96-451) - QEBQEQLQEY OF EVEEI§ 09/30/83 05/23/80 12/28/79 09/25/79 03/12/79 01/23/79 11/11/78 Authorization for section 6 appropriations for State cooperative programs under ESA expires, as does authorization of appropriations for ESA administration overall. Endangered Species Act reauthorization of appropriations for Federal-State cooperative programs under section 6 of the ESA, for fiscal years 81 and 82 signed into law (P.L. 96-2H6). Endangered Species Act reauthorization of appropriations (other than for section 6) for fiscal years 80, 81, and 82 signed into law (P.L. 96-159). Appropriations measure for energy and water development for FY80 signed into law (P.L. 96-69)." Contained language exempting the Tellico Dam water project from compliance with the Endangered Species Act. GAO circulated draft report on USFWS administration of ESA, for agency comment. Endangered Species Exemption Committee denied exemption from the Act for the Tellico dam project. Endangered Species Act Amendments (P.L. 95-632) approved, including appropriations authorization. CBS-11 IB79061 UPDATE-08/20/80 09/30/78 -- Endangered Species Act authorization expired. 06/15/78 - supreme Court decision in 31; v. g;;;, upheld the Act. 12/19/77 -- Approval of Authorization for appropriations for section 6 (P.L. 95-212) to carry out State cooperation programs under the Endangered Species Act. 12/28/73 - Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205) signed into law. 12/05/69 —— Endangered Species Conservation Act (P.L. 91-135) signed into law. 10/15/66 - Endangered Species Protection Act (P.L. 89-669) signed Environmental Law Stromberg, D.B. U.S. U.S. into law. Institute. The Evolution of National Prepared for thelcouncil on Environmental 1977. Wildlife Law. Quality. Washington. 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 485 p. The Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978: A Step Backwards? Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, v. 7(1), 1978: 33-42. Tellico Dam and Reservoir; Prepared 63 p. Department of the Interior. staff report to the Endangered Species Committee. by the Office of Policy Analysis. Jan. 19, 1979. Endangered species —- a controversial Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. 0ff., General Accounting Office. issue needing resolution. 1979. 123 p. (CED-79-65) Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Snail Darter Case: A Legal Review of Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill.[by] Robert neltz. (continuously updated) Issue Brief 78232 LIBRARY OF’- WASH§:NGTON UNlVEF§‘33T‘i' ST. LOUIS - mo. __j