ESSIONAL CH SERVI E L THE LIBRARY OF-CONGRESS {N .:‘.H'-E f v_"_ H v-- :r»‘.>>-~ ‘V 1'!‘ '. -., ,1’-‘T . _ ‘xi: .r,~‘-. _i' ‘I’ 1. "_ .7.‘ 1*‘; K3,‘: 3,3‘. 5 E . ~:‘ = L: ‘_ V-. ~ ;r 3; ‘-7.; ... - 2 4 E A L 5 NOV 171989 5 ) r- . . T -. A ~ ‘ - :. >A.i,'.. C‘ . .v~‘ ‘. ‘.1 . "9. 3. ".‘ ;* ..v ;. 1 “r. 2 ‘_ _ ' --.-, - J p . " ‘.1 (‘-2 .21.” y: ,2“; F .,_' ,.,. \_-» "‘ [1 ' v_ V. k. _ , ," ’ ‘N k 5 F‘ I in 1, . .. \ ‘ I ‘ 0 Evan --.-5.. :,- '1 .. «.;,..f .7 : - - 9 -7-». EDUCATION: IMPACT AID (FY84 FUNDING LEVELS AND PRIORITIES) ISSUE BRIEF NUMBER IB790l8 AUTHOR: WOlf€, Mark L. Education and Public welfare Division THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE MAJOR ISSUES SYSTEM DATE ORIGINATED O2/27/79 DATE UPDATED O3/18/83 FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CALL 287-5700 0322 CRS- 1 IB790l8 UPDATE-03/18/83 SUE DEFINITION The P.L. 81-874 impact aid program provides financial assistance to school districts in federally affected areas: these areas are defined by law to include military bases, government offices, Indian land, and public low rent housing projects. Program issues in the 98th Congress will likely focus on the termination of section 3(b) payments (children of parents who live or work on Federal property) as required by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, and overall funding levels as determined through the appropriations and budget process. Under P.L. 81-874, $460.0 million in FY83 will be distributed to over 2,300 school districts. P.L. 874 was revised and extended by the 95th Congress through the end of FY83 under the Education Amendments of 1978 (P.L. 95-561) and by the 97th Congress through FY84 by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35). BACKGROUND AND POLICY ANALYSIS The P.L. 81-874 impact aid program provides financial assistance primarily through formula grants to school districts in federally affected areas. These funds are to be applied by school districts toward their general operating expenses. (Most other Federal education program grants are categorical in nature and must be applied for a specific program purpose; e.g., Federal grants under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act must be applied toward the education of disadvantaged children residing low-income school attendance areas.) P.L.-81-874 will distribute $460.0 million in FY83 to over 2,300 school districts -- one out of every seven in the Nation. These payments will be made on the basis of 2.2 million federally connected children out of a total national school enrollment of 40 million. The P.L. 81-874 impact aid program was initiated in the 81st Congress along with companion school construction legislation, P.L. 8l-8l5. (For the purposes of this issue brief, the term "impact aid program" will refer only to the P.L. 81-874 programs.) In the 1950 House Report (H.Rept. 2287, 81st Congress) of the Committee on Education and Labor, two principal reasons for the enactment of this legislation were cited as follows: 1. Federal ownership of property reduces local tax income for school purposes; and 2. A Federal project or activity causes an influx of persons into a community, resulting in an increased number of children to be educated. Since the inception of this program, impact aid expenditures have increased dramatically, from $29 million in FY50 to $707 million in FY81. This increase has been due largely to the liberalization of eligibility requirements, broadening of the definition of eligible "Federal property" in + \ P.L. 81-874 authorizing legislation, and inflation in the cost of elementary and secondary education. Beginning in FY82, however, payments declined by 38% from their FY81 level largely as a result of budgetary limitations enacted in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35). The impact aid program is administered by the Office of School CRS- 2 IB790l8 UPDATE-O3/l8/83 Assistance in Federally Affected Areas-(SAFA) within the U.S. Department of Education. Five sections of P.L. 8l-874 authorize program assistance as follows: Section 2 entitles a school district to a payment where the Federal acquisition of real property results in a continuing Wand substantial financial_burden,fi” Section 3 entitles a school district to a payment for the costs arising from the children of parents who work and/or live on Federal property. Section 4 entitles a school district toia payment in cases of certain sudden and substantial increases in school enrollment due to Federal activity. Section 6 authorizes payments to Federal or other agencies on account of children for whom local school districts are unable or unwilling to provide a free, public education. (Beginning in FY82, under the provisions of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of l98l (P.L. 97-35), section 6 payments are provided under the authority of the Department of Defense although administrative authority will reside with the Department of Education.) Section 7 authorizes a payment to a school district in the case of certain natural or other major disasters. In addition to these five different authorizing sections, section 1 contains the declaration of policy for the impact aid program, and section 5 specifies application and payment requirements, including those affecting the distribution of available funds when appropriations are insufficient to pay in full all entitled amounts. Section 5 also contains provisions regarding the treatment of impact aid payments under State school finance plans. ' Eighty-eight percent of the FY81 P.L. 8l-874 appropriation is accounted for by section 3 which authorizes payments based on entitlements for children of parents who work and/or live on Federal property. These children are classified under one of two broad program categories as follows: Section 3(a) -- children of parents who work and live on Federal property and children who live on Indian lands; and Section 3(b) -- children of parents who work or live on Federal property. Section 3 eligible children include those of civilian, military, and Indian parents and the children of parents who work and/or live in public low rent housing. Districts are eligible to receive section 3 assistance if they enroll at least 400 federally connected children or have at least 3% of their total enrollment comprised of federally connected children. Each district's section 3 entitlement essentially represents a percentage of its local CRS- 3 IB790l8 UPDATE-03/18/83 contribution rate which is defined as the average amount of current educational expenditures derived from local revenue sources. The entitlement *‘rcentage or rate for section 3 children ranges from 90 to l00% (l25% for -.dian children provided certain planning requirements are met) for those classified under section 3(a) and from 40 to 50% for those classified under section 3(b). The higher entitlement rates for section 3(a) children reflect the fact that their parents live and work on Federal property which is not subject to local taxation while the lower entitlement rates for section 3(b) children reflect the fact that their parents live or work on such non-taxable Federal property. In addition, for military and Indian handicapped children the entitlement rate is increased by 50% provided that certain special education requirements are met. . - Should appropriations be insufficient to fund section 3 entitlements fully then a three part "tier" or distributional payment system is applied as provided under section 5(c) of P.L. 81-874. This payment system (as amended by the Education Amendments of l978, P.L. 95-56l, effective FY80) is described as follows: Tier I: 25% payment of all section 3(a) and 3(b) entitlements, l00% for section 2; Tier II: An additional 63% to 65% of section 3(a) entitlements, 28% to 32% of section 3(b) entitlements, plus 75% of section 3(a) entitlements and 3(b) military entitlements specifically for heavily impacted or "super 3(a)“ districts. [NOTE: The P.L. 81-874 authorizing law classifies a district as "super 3(a)" if the district's total attendance is comprised of at least 20% of section 3(a) children (as amended by P.L. 95-551, effective FY80).] The tier II payment is authorized under two separate steps. The first step authorizes funding through 65% of the authorized tier II rate. The second step authorizes the funding of the remaining 35% at the discretion of the Appropriations Committees provided that a 90% hold-harmless provision is first funded. This hold harmless would guarantee a district 90% of its previous year's section 3 payment. Tier III: Provides that any remaining appropriations for section 2, 3, and 4 are to be ratably distributed among the remaining unsatisfied entitlements under sections 3 and 4 (i.e., distributed among the programs in proportion to the level of unsatisfied entitlements under sections 3 and 4). subsection 5(c) specifies that no payments can be made under the second or third tiers until all payments are made under the first tier. In addition, if tier II is partially funded it must be funded at least through 65% of the tier II payment rate; no partial tier II payments of less than this amount are authorized. The tier payment system was originally enacted under the Education Amendments of 1974 (P.L. 93-380, effective in FY76). The rationale given in a Senate document for the adoption of this payment system was: CRS- 4 IB790l8 UPDATE-O3/18/83 ... to capture, under the authorizing legislation, control over the distribution of impact aid funds. Since fiscal year 1970, funds have been distributed through the appropriations process in a manner contrary to the intent and purpose of the authorizing legislation in that priorities on funding were established which are not in the authorizing legislation. [NOTE: "Description of changes in Sections13iand 5 of_Pub1ic Lawi874,18lst Congress,fl_mw as proposed in the Senate Amendment, GPO, June 21, 1974, p. 1. The Education Amendments of 1978 (P.L. 95-561) subsequently amended ‘the tier payment structure (effective FY80) primarily by: -- including public low-rent housing entitlements for payment at the tier II level; -- changing the authorizing law provision requiring funding through 100% of tier II to partial funding of 55% of the tier II payment rates; —- reducing the eligibility provisions for heavily impacted or "super 3(a)" status from 25% of school attendance to 20%; and -— increasing the rate of payment for 3(b)(3) military children enrolled in such "super 3(a)" districts to 75% at the tier II level and -- establishing a presidential commission to review and evaluate the administration and operation of the impact aid program. Summary of the Final Report of the Presidential Commission on the Review of the Impact Aid Program The final report of the Presidential Commission on the Review of the Impact Aid Program was presented to the President and the Congress on Sept. 1, 1981. The major recommendations of the report included: (1) fund the program at "full entitlement" (an amount that could triple the current funding level and would be considerably above the appropriations limitation in P.L. 97-35); (2) expand the program to include eligibility for "undocumented aliens"; (3) distribute funds first to "heavily impacted" districts (districts with high concentrations of federally connected children) when appropriations are insufficient to meet all entitlements; and (4) make technical changes in the definition of the payment rate for program entitlements. Appropriations Section 3 appropriations, as listed in Table l, have increased from $583 million in FY76 to $620 million in FY81. Through FY78, the appropriations were adequate to meet the section 5(c) tier payment requirements; beginning CRS- 5 IB790l8 UPDATE-03/18/83 in FY79, however, because of continuing inflation in the LCR and the additional tier payment requirements mandated by the 1978 amendments, section 3 appropriations were no longer sufficient to fund the tier payment quirements. As a result, the Appropriations legislation began to modify the payment requirements to a lower funding level; i.e., in FY81, the appropriations legislation authorized payment through 95% of the section 3(a) tier II level -- except for 3(a) low-rent housing which was held to 80% of the tier I level -- and through 80% of tier I for section 3(b) -- except for 3(b) military which paid through 50% of tier II. The intent of the appropriations legislation since FY79 appears to have been to reduce section 3(b) payments while fully funding most of the 3(a) entitlements. Table 1. Appropriations for Section 3, FY76 through FY81 (S in millions) Section 3(a) Section 3(b) Section 3 Fiscal year payment payment payment 1976 $244 $339 $583 1977 289 334 623 1978 312 320 632 1979 343 320 663 1980 384 260 664 1981 389 231 520 Section 3(a) payments in FY81 were distributed to 1,725 districts and were based on enrollments of Indian land (33.6%), military (62.7%), civilian (3.2%), and public low-rent housing (0.5%) children. Almost 50% of the funds were distributed among 323 districts where the 3(a) enrollment equalled at least 20% of the district's total enrollment. Section 3(b) payments were distributed to 3,687 districts and were based on enrollments of public low-rent housing (31.5%), civilian (36.4%), and military (32.1% children). Almost 30% of the funds were distributed to districts where the 3(b) enrollment equalled at least 20% of the district's total enrollment. In other words, section 3(a) funds tend to be distributed to a few districts which have higher percentages of) eligible children than section 3(b) funds, which tend to be distributed to a large number of districts with lower percentages of eligible children. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35) P.L. 97-35 authorized $455 million for P.L. 81-874 for FY82, FY83, and FY84, distributed‘as follows: 3 Section 2 -- $10 million Section 3 -- $435 million Section 7 -- $10 million In addition, P.L. 97-35 transferred budget responsibility and funding for Section 6 schools to the Department of Defense and provided for a 3-year phaseout of 3(b) payments beginning in FY82, with zero payments authorized CRS- 6 IB790l8 UPDATE-03/l8/83 for FY84. FY82 Appropriations P.L. 97-161 (Fourth Continuing Resolution for FY82) provided $436.8 million for P.L. 81-874 through Sept. 30, 1982. P.L. 97-161 extended the provision of P.L. 97-92 (Third Continuing Resolution for FY82), which expired on Mar. 31, 1982.3 This wasW$l8l2flmillionllesslthanl_wasllauthorizedlWbylwthe Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 and $270 million less than was appropriated for Section 3 in FY81. Section 3 payments under P.L. 97-161 would provide 86% of the FY81 level for districts enrolling 3(a) children and 75% of the FY81 level for districts enrolling 3(b) children if their 3(b) enrollment equalled at least 20% of their total enrollment and about 25% of the FY81 level for all other districts enrolling 3(b) children. Districts that would otherwise receive a combined payment of less than $5,000 under this formula would not receive a payment for FY82. P.L. 97-161 also authorized additional payments for Sec. 3(d)(2)(B) upon approval by the Secretary of Education. P.L. 97-257, Supplemental Appropriations Act of 1982, authorized the Department to apply unused P.L. 81-874 "hold harmless funds" from FY76 to fund the provisions of Sec. 3(d)(2)(B). P.L. 97-257 also added an additional $200,000 for Section 7 disaster assistance. 3 FY83 Budget President Reagan's FY83 budget request proposed to reduce the section 3 appropriation by 34% from its comparable FY82 amount. The budget would have accomplished this reduction by providing districts enrolling 3(a) children about 80% of their FY82 payment or about 68% of their FY81 payment. No payment would be made for 3(b) children. Funds would also have been provided at about 90% of their FY82 level and 70% of their FY81 level for section 2 districts. The FY83 budget request also proposed to transfer the administration of portions of the impact aid program to the Departments of Treasury, Defense, and Interior as part of a proposed termination of the Department of Education. 97th Congress Legislation P.L. 97-276, H.J.Res. 599 Continuing Appropriations for FY83u As signed into law on Oct. 2, 1982, extends current operating levels for P.L. 81-874 impact aid program through Dec. 17, 1982. P.L. 97-276 provides that school districts where at least 20% of the children are classified as 3(a) could receive preliminary payments of 75% of their FY82 level while all other school districts would receive 50% of their FY82 funds in preliminary payments. H.R. 7205 (Natcher) Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education and Rela.,d Agencies Appropriation Bill, 1983. As reported by Committee on Appropriations, and passed by the House, provides $455 million for P.L. 81-874 for FY83, an increase of $18 million over the comparable FY82 appropriation level. The funding pattern for Section 3 would be essentially CRS- 7 IB790l8 UPDATE-O3/18/83 the same as was approved in FY82 except that Section 3(a) payments would be increased from 86% of their FY81 level to 90%. The House bill would also 7 vvide $10 million for Sec. 2, which is an increase of $400,000 over the F182 level and $10 million for Sec. 7 which is $200,000 over the FY82 level. The House-reported bill also provides certain limits on additional payments made districts qualifying under the provisions of Sec. 3(d)(2)(B) and authorizes the Secretary of Education to develop a payment procedure for newly eligible school districts. As reportefi by the Senate Committee on Appropriations on Dec. 8, 1982, provides $455 million for P.L. 81-874, the same amount as would be provided by the House version of H.R. 7205. The Senate bill provides 100% of the FY81 level for Sec. 3(a) for districts whose 3(a) enrollment comprised at least 20% of their total enrollment; all other 3(a) payments are made at 90% of their FY81 level. Payments for Sec. 3(b) enrollments are reduced from 72% of their FY81 level in FY82 to 48% of their FY81 level for districts whose 3(b) enrollment comprised at least 20% of their total enrollment, and from 22% of their FY81 level in FY82 to 15% of their FY81 level for all other Sec. 3(b) enrollments. The committee also provided $10 million for Sec. 2 and $10 million for Sec. 7, the same level as was provided by the House. The committee stated that it "expects" the Department of Education to "conduct a thorough review" of Sec. 3(d)(2)(B) payments by Jan. 23, 1983 and "to work in cooperation with the Secretary of Defense to aid school districts whose tax bases are reduced by the existence of Federal military installations." Introduced Sept. 29, 1982; referred to Committee on Appropriations. Reported to House Sept. 29, 1982 (H.Rept. 97-894). Passed the House Dec. 1, 1982. Referred to Senate Committee on Appropriations Dec. \ 1982. Reported to Senate Dec. 8, amended. P.L. 97-377, H.J.Res. 631, making further continuing appropriations for the Department of Education and other Federal agencies, provides $460 million for P.L. 81-874 (as listed in Table 2), $17.0 million more than was provided in FY82, for FY83. The Act provides 95% of the FY81 level for Sec. 3(a) for districts whose 3(a) enrollment comprised at least 20% of their total enrollment; all other 3(a) payments are made at 90% of their FY81 level. Payments for districts eligible for additional payments under Sec. 3(d)(2)(B) (districts enrolling 50% or more 3(a)3(b) children and meeting certain specified criteria) ‘are limited to additional payments of $10 million. Payments for Sec. 3(b) are limited to their FY82 level. P.L. 97-377 also provides that districts eligible to receive less than $5,000 under the Section 3 payment formula approved under this Act would not receive a payment in FY83. The Act also provides $15 million for Sec. 2 and $10 million for Sec. 7. Program Section Section Section Section Total TABLE 2. Section UJLUKJ /-xrx U91 0/ CRS- 8 IB790l8 UPDATE-03/18/83 P.L. 97-161 as compared with H.R. 7205 as passed by the House, H.R. 7205 as passed by the Senate, and P.L. 97-377 P.L. 97-161 H.R. 7205 H.R. 7205 P.L. 97-377 (House) (Senate) 9.6 10.0 10.0 15.0 345.0 362.4 384.0 373.2 72.6 72.6 51.0 61.8 9.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 $437.0 455.0 455.0 460.0 CRS- 9 IB790l8 UPDATE-03/l8/83 FY84 Budget President Reagan's FY84 budget request proposed to increase the Section 3 funding level by $ll million from $435 in FY83 to $446 million for FY84. The budget would allocate Section 3 funds by paying districts enrolling 20% of more children l00% of their full payment rate, with remaining funds allocated proportionally among the other eligible 3(a) districts. The proposal would provide no funds for districts enrolling 3(b) children or additional funds for districts eligible under Section 3(d)(2)(B). Further, the President's budget recommends a rescission of $5 million from Section 2, which would bring the total appropriation to $l0 million for Section 2 for FY83. For FY84, the budget request recommends $9 million for Section 2. Phase-out of Section 3(b) Payments The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of l98l does not authorize payments for Section 3(b) (payments for children whose parents live or work on Federal property) beginning in FY84. Concerns have been raised as to whether the termination of 3(b) payments would place an undue hardship on any currently eligible districts. Some have argued, in favor of the phase-out, that continued 3(b) payments, in a time of general fiscal constraint, provide an unnecessary subsidy to districts for children who are only a "marginal" burden, as opposed to 3(a) children who may generate no local tax revenues. These proponents of the phase-out have pointed out that the parents of "3(b)" children live or work on private property that generates local property taxes for the school district. In the case of low—rent housing, they have pointed t, the Federal government has provided the community with low-cost housing at their request, on land that probably would generate few tax dollars if privately owned, and therefore, should not provide additional subsidies for these children. In contrast to these as arguments, proponents of extending 3(b) payments have argued that the Federal government, because its property is exempt from State and local taxation, has a responsibility to pay its share of the costs by educating these children.‘ Further, they have argued that some districts, especially those in close proximity to Federal military installations, enroll large numbers of military 3(b) children, many of whom live in either trailer camps or on property which generates minimal tax revenues, and therefore would be required to subsidize the educational costs of these children from their own sources or reduce services if Federal payments were not continued. In the 98th Congress, bills have been introduced in both the House (H.R. 1035) and the Senate (S. ll2) which would extend Section 3(b) payments through the end of FY84. The House Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education held a hearing on this issue on Mar. 16, 1983, but no further action has been taken on this legislation. LEGISLATION P.L. 97-377, H.J.Res. 631 Continues funding for Federal iagencies without a FY83 regular appropriations act through Sept. 30, 1983. Provides $460.0 million for P.L. 8l-874 impact aid. Signed into law Dec. 21, l982. P.L. 97-276, H.J.Res. 599 CRS-10 IB79018 UPDATE-O3/18/83 Continues funding for Federal agencies without a FY83 regular appropriations act through Dec. 17, 1982. Provides partial payments’ f districts eligible to receive P.L. 81-874 payments in FY82. Signed into law Oct. 2, 1982. P.L. 97-257, H.R. 6863 Supplemental Appropriations,11982._mProvides_flsupplementale appropriations for FY82 for various Federal department agencies. For P.L. 81-874 impact aid, provides an additional $200,000 for Section 7 disaster assistance bringing the total for Section 7 to $9.8 million. Became law Sept. 10, 1982. HEARINGS U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education. Hearings, 95th Congress, lst session, on H.R. 15. Part 5. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1977. 1076 p. --——- Oversight hearings on the impact aid laws and testimony on H.R. 5181. Hearings, 94th Congress, lst session, on H.R. 5181. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975. 169 p. Hearings held Feb. 27; Apr. 9 and 15, 1975. REPORTS AND CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Public Law 874 and State equalization plans: the problems of the legislative prohibition of section 5(d)(2), March 1974. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1974. 36 p. At head of title: Committee print. ----- School assistance in federally affected areas: a study of Public Laws 81-874 and 81-875; final report, by Harold A. Hovey, Victor P. Carter, Linda R. Brown, John A. Bowman, Seymour Goldstone, and Frederick D. stocker, Battelle Memorial Institute. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1970. 214 p. At head of title: Committee print. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS 01/31/83 -- President Reagan's FY84 budget request would increase funding for Section 3 by $11 million. No funds would be provided for Section 3(b). 12/21/82 -- P.L. 97-377, H.J.Res. 631, making further continuing appropriations for the Department of Education and other Federal agencies through Sept. 30, 1983, signed into law. 12/08/82 -- Senate version of H.R. 7205, reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations. CRS-ll IB790l8 UPDATE-O3/18/83 12/01/82 -- H.R. 7205, the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations, passed the House. 10/02/82 —- H.J.Res. 599 signed into law, P.L. 97-275. 09/29/82 —- H.R. 7205, Departments of Labor, Health, and Human Services and Education and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 1983, reported by the House Committee on Appropriations (H.Rept. 97-894). 09/l0/82 -- P.L. 97-257, supplemental Appropriations Act of 1982, became law, without approval of the President. 03/31/82 -- P.L. 97-161, Fourth Continuing Resolution for FY82, signed 4 into law. 01/08/82 -- President Reagan's FY83 budget request would reduce the section 3 appropriation by $143 million from the comparable FY81 level. 12/15/81 -- P.L. 97-92, Further Continuing Appropriations, FY82, was signed into law. ll/09/81 -- H.R. 4550, the Senate version of the FY82 Labor-HHS Appropriations Act, was reported by the Committee on Appropriations. 09/25/81 -- H.R. 4560, FY82 Labor-HHS Appropriations bill, was passed by the House. 08/13/81 -- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act was signed by the President (P.L. 97-35). 02/18/81 -- President Reagan's proposed budget for impact aid for FY82, as stated in his "Program for Economic Recovery", would be the same as the Carter proposed budget for impact aid for FY82. The Reagan proposal also requested the same rescission for FY81 as recommended by the Carter budget proposal. 01/28/81 -- President Carter's FY82 budget request would reduce the section 3 appropriation by $415 million from the comparable FY81 level and would rescind $145 million from the FY81 appropriation for section 3. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE SOURCES U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Impact aid two years later - an assessment of the program as modified by the 1974 Education Amendments. Washington, -Mar. 30, 1978. 150 p. ' ----- School assistance in federally affected areas. In Patterns of Federal aid to school districts. Washington, February l975.' p. 26-32. U.S. rtherUnitedlStates, CRS-12 IB790l8 UPDATE-O3/l8/83 Dept. of HealthjfEducation, and welfare. Office of Education. ;Administration of Public Laws 81-874 and 81-815; Twenty—seventh annual report of the Commissioner of Education, Sept. 30, l977L~«fwashington, For Sale by the Supt. of Docs., u.s. Govt. Print. Off.] 335 p. General Accounting Office. Assessment of the impact aid program; Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of [_wars hing t_o_n_]‘O_cr_tr . ,_15,,,- 1-9/7/st. 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