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RESEARCH
SERVICE

LIBRARY OF
CONGRESS

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT APPLICATION OF
THE REULTS OF FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

ISSUE BRIEF NUEBER IB80048

AUTHOR :
Schacht, Wendy

Science Policy Research Division

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
CONGRESSIONAL REEARCH SERVICE

MAJOR ISSUE SYSTEII

DATE OBIGINATED ggggggg
DATE UPDATED g§_g1§_g§g_

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CALL 287-5700

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The increasing demands on State and local governments to provide improved
goods and services have been accompanied by a recognition that expanded
technological resources and capabilities can help meet these needs. The
Federal Government, with its extensive technical and scientific resources,
has funded a variety of activities and partial programs for assistance to
non—national jurisdictions. Consequently, the Federal establishment has
become the principal locus of technological assistance not readily available
from the private sector. However, there is neither a delineatedi national
policy nor an established overall set of guidelines for the intergovernmental
transfer of technology or technical expertise. Each Federal agency currently
operates under its own policies which may not be internally consistent among
the many programs it administers. At issue is the extent to which Congress
should facilitate and encourage States and local governments to use the
technologies and technical information developed within Federal agencies,
laboratories, and RSD centers.

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For over a decade, the development of policy issues and considerations
relevant to the intergovernmental utilization of science and technology has
r en the object of interest by the Congress, the Executive Office, certain
l,deral departments and.agencies, and State and local organizations. The
increasing demands on State and local governments to provide improved goods
and services have been accompanied by a recognition that expanded technical
assistance can help meet these needs. The Federal. Government, with its
extensive technical and scientific resources, thus, has become the main focus
for assistance to non-national jurisdictions. yYet, policy formulation with
regard to the transfer of Federal research and development results to States
and localities has proven to be a difficult task. Currently, there is
neither a delineated national policy nor a set of established guidelines for
the intergovernmental transfer of technology or technical expertise. To
date, each Federal agency operates under internally developed policies which
may themselves differ among the many programs and components of the
organization.

State and local officials increasingly" are looking for technological
solutions to the myriad of problems confronting them. This search has
contributed to the development of "public technology'~-the adaptatio and
utilitzation of new or existing technology to public sector needs. The
application of technology to State and local services is a complex and
intricate procedure which encompasses many variables, but the crucial element
is the actual utilization of the technology. Technology transfer is the
process whereby States and localities can acquire technology useful .or
necessary for the more expeditious provision of public goods and services.
The utilization of this technology may be the basis for improved government
1 rductivity an service effectiveness through innovation--the .creative use
and application of technology. The public technology endeavor is a mechanism
to encourage new innovation necessary to supply solutions to State and local
problems and to meet new and revised requirements for goods and services.

Numerous technologies and large quantities of technical information have
been developed within Federal agencies, laboratories, and man centers which

CRS- 2 IBBOOH8 UPDATE‘O5/15/80

can often be applied at the State and local level to meet specific needs.
The intergovernmental transfer process can allow for expanded utilization *9
technologies which have been created and funded through the Federal R\J
effort. In addition to»extending the benefits to be derived from technology
the Government has paid for, intergovernmental technology transfer can also
assist state and local jurisdictions in meeting the responsibilities imposed
by Federal legislation. While in some cases alterations in the technological
products or processes may be necessary for application in the State and local
environment, this "adaptive engineering“ generally is not extensive or
expensive. In many instances, the application of technology can be direct,
and the technical expertise available at the Federal level is commensurate
with the requirements of State and local governments.

A central argument against the transfer' of’ technology rests upon the
question of whether or not such activities are outside the mission
requirements of the Federal R64 agencies. with the exception of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, technology transfer efforts are not an
explicit part of the mandates of the Federal departments. Thus, such
activities remain secondary to those operations which support the agency's
primary responsibiliites--if performed at all. It is debatable whether, with
shortages of time, money, and personnel, Federal departments and agencies can
be expected to provide the adaptive engineering or information dissemination
activities necessary tx>apply a technology or transfer technical knowledge to
state and local governments. Such programs might be expected to increase
costs and manpower needs in the relevant agencies while not providing extra
financing to cover such expenses.

It can also be argued that state and local governments actively seeking
the best technological solution to their specific problems have reasonable
access to Federal technology under current arrangements. Those jurisdictions
which are unconvinced of the need for or the merits of new or more

sophisticated systems, materials, equipment, etc. will not be - and perhaps
should not be —— persuaded to the contrary by new Federal technology transfer
programs.

A variety of activities undertaken over the past 10 to 12 years has been
designed to define and support the intergovernmental transfer of technology.
Former President Nixon in his speech tovcongress on Science and Technology in
March 1972, calling for "new partnerships" between Federal institutions and
State and local governments, reflected much of the thinking on the topic of
technology transfer between the various levels of government. Stating that
"Federal research and development activities generate a great deal of new
technology which could be applied in ways which go well beyond the immediate
mission of the supporting agency,“ President Nixon indicated that States and
localities need to play a central role in the decisionmaking process
surrounding the application of these technologies.

The ideas contained in this address were derived from, or further
delineated by, a series of reports which appeared at approximately the same
time. This work--done by the executive branch (primarily the various
committees of the Federal Council for Science and Technology), the General
Accounting Office, and several State and local organizations-—pointed to 1
varied resources available at the Federal level which could be adapted to
address many of the problems that non-national jurisdictions were
experiencing. Among the issues identified and the recommendations made were:
(1) establishment of policy guidelines for the intergovernmental transfer of
technology; (2) representation of State and local governments in the Federal
decisionmaking process; (3) development of an increased science and

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technology capability at the State and local level; (4) establishment of
crordination mechanisms for intergovernmental technology transfer; (5)
e ganded utilization of Federal laboratories to provide technical assistance
to non—nationa1 units; (6) creation of Federal/State/local/ private
cooperative efforts; and (7) improvement of information dissemination
techniques.

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A major initiative to emerge from the efforts to define intergovernmental
technology transfer is the Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, and
Technology advisory Panel (ISETAP) within the Office of Science and
Technology Policy (OSTP) in the Executive Office of the President. ISETAP
was established by section 205(b) of PublicrLaw 9a-282, the National Science
and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976, to assist
the director of the newly created Office of Science and Technology Policy in
identifying and promoting Federal programs to increase State, local, and
regional utilization of federally funded R5D. The panel has the
responsibility for determining methods and mechanisms, both existing and
potential, which will ensure that the scientific and technological needs of
non—national governments are incorporated into the decisionmaking processes
of Federal departments and agencies. The efforts of ISETAP are concentrated
on: (1) building into the Federal decisionmaking process a method to assess
state, local,n and regional needs; (2) advancing the scientific and
technological capabilities of State, regional, and local jurisdictions; (3)
evpanding the use and adaptation of already existing technology at the
L 4-national level; and (4) improving the transfer of information and
technical expertise in a manner conducive to utilization.

The Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer representsi

another Federal effort to coordinate and facilitate the transfer of
technology between the various levels of Government. The primary purpose of
the consortium (a voluntary organization of approximately 200 Federal
laboratories) is to promote the effective utilization of technical knowledge
developed within Federal departments and agencies by "networking" the various
member labs with other Federal entities; State, local, and regional
governments; and private industry. To accomplish this purpose, the
Consortium establishes channels through which user requirements can be
identified, structured, and addressed in light of the increasing demands on
non-national government.units. The intent is that technical expertise and
information are furnished in such a way that Federal resources are utilized
effectively to solve State and local problems. In addition, the user
community (State and local officials) also can be involved in the research
and development endeavor through participation in the Federal Laboratory
Consortium and the subsequent interaction with the member labs.

Impetus for intergovernmental technology transfer also has come from the
Intergovernmental Science and Public Technology (ISPT) Program in the
National Science Foundation. working in an agency primarily concerned with
basic research, the ISPT Program in the Division of Engineering and Applied
S lences has attempted to encourage the»app1ication of science and technology
in the state and local arena. This program is designed to develop, support,
and expand the science and technology capabilities of State and -local
decisionmakers. To accomplish this, the Foundation supports several
networking organizations and regional innovation groups which broker
technical expertise and information between State and local officials, the
Federal R8D agencies, and the technical community. Programs such as the New

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England Innovation Group, the Community Technology Incentives Program, the
Urban Consortium, and the Urban Technology System-funded partially "
ISPT--assist State and local representatives in technology identification,
adaptation, and application. The State Science, Engineering, and Technology
Program (SSET), also conducted by the Foundation, is designed to improve
science and technology decisionmaking in State, executive, and legislative
units. As stated in the Conference Report to accompany P.L. 94-H71, the NSF
Authorization Act of 1977, National Science Foundation grants:

...are to be used by the States to identify and

analyze potentially useful ways in which States and local
governments can increase their capabilities for using
science, engineering, and technology in meeting the

needs of their citizens, including consideration of

the establishment of science and technology policy

offices within both the Executive and Leigslative Branches.

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Several public laws have impacted on the intergovernmental science and
technology effort over the years. In 1965, the State Technical Services Act
(P.L. 89-182) was enacted to promote economic growth through the
intergovernmental dissemination, application, and utilization of scientific
and technological knowledge. Its objective was to support State and
interstate programs which encouraged the use of technical expertise by
business and industry and which fostered th most efficient use of scien
and technology by public enterprise. The Act created a national program UL
incentives and financial support for States, singly and in concert, to
undertake technical assistance. This program was terminated in 1970 by the
Department of Commerce, when the Nixon administration zero budgeted the
effort and Congress agreed. The legislative authority still exists today.

The Intergovernmental Cooperation Act of 1968 (P.L. 90-577) provided
various mechanisms for improved interaction between State and local
jurisdictions and the Federal Government in grant and loan administration,
development assistance, and provision of technical services. Also of major
significance in the intergovernmental effort has been the program established
under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-638). This law
was enacted to strengthen the ability of State and local governments to
confront the problems under their jurisdictions. As stated in House Report
91-1722 (to accompany S. 11):

The need of State and local governments for substantial

financial assistance is only one of the main facets of

the overall problem of meeting the demands of our

citizens and of making our population centers fit places
to live. Also critical is the fact that many of the
States and local governments, now and in the foreseeable
future, lack the highly qualified administrative,
professional, and technical personnel in the numbers
required to plan, innovate, organize, and execute the
wide variety of necessary programs.

This legislation created a program of grants and training assistance
designed to give state and local personnel these administrative,
professional, and technical skills necessary for governmental operation. In

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addition, Title IV of the law allows for the temporary assignment of
personnel from States and localities to Federal departments and agencies and
v ,e versa. This provision has been used widely to place technical experts
from the Federal Government-particularly those from the R8D agencies and the
laboratories--in State and local governments where they can experience
first-hand the problems and adapt technical solutions. In other cases, State
and local officials assigned to Federal agencies have been able to contribute
to the national RED decisionmaking process from their particular
perspectives.

other legislation has helped shape the intergovernmental transfer of
technology. In addition to creating the Intergovernmental Science,
Engineering, and Technology Advisory Panel, the National Science and
Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282)
stated the need to reflect the views of State and local government in policy
formulation at the national level. Title I, section 102(a)(5) legislates
that scientific and technological activities which encompass shared interest
between Federal, State, and local jurisdictions should be identified, and
"cooperative relationships should be established which encourage the
appropriate sharing of scinece and technology decisionmaking, funding
support, and program planning and execution."

Intergovernmental technology transfer in the area of energy has been
promoted by Title V of the Energy Research and Development Authorization Act
for FY77, which established the Energy Extension Service. The service was
created to design and implement a comprehensive’ program for the
identification, demonstration, and application of energy conservation methods
a . equipment consistent with local needs and resources. The program
developed in the legislation provides for technical assistance, education,
information dissemination, and demonstration projects to familiarize the
consumer with conservation opportunities. The organization of the Service is
such that the local representatives of the national program will assess those
local needs which can be met by the resources available on the Federal level.
Locally based agenices will provide this interface between the State and the
Federal Government. In addition, each State is authorized to create a
technical support institution within a college or university--as designated
by the Governor of the State—-to furnish analysis, expertise, and assistance
in program implementation. -

The Federal Program Information Act (P.L. 95-220) directed the Office of
Management and Budget to establish a Federal domestic assistance information
dissemination system to be utilized by State and local jurisdictions to
determine their eligibility for such Federal activities. This effort is to
include both a data retrieval system and a printed catalogue. The original
operation of the Federal Assistance Program Retrieval System (FAPRS) was the
responsibility of the Department of Agriculture. The first comprehensive
listing of Federal assistance programs-The» Catalogue of Federal Domestic
Assistance-—was published in 1965 by the former Office of Economic
Opportunity. OMB assumed the responsibility for its publication in 1971,
although, until the passage of this bill, it did not have the legislative
authority to do.so. The computerized FAPRS system was initiated by the Rural
D ‘elopment Service of the Department of Agriculture in 1975 to assist rural
ccmmunities identify sources of funding. This system has expanded beyond a
rural focus and, under P.L. 95-220, will include all programs in the
catalogue.

Of special significance to the intergovernmental issue are the Military
Procurement Authorization Acts of 1969 and 1970 (P.L. 91-121 and P.L-

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91-QH1), the "Bansfield Amendment" and its modification. The Department of
Defense (DOD) has extensive technical resources, especially in its large
in-house and Governmentrowned, contractor-operated laboratory system.
accounts for approximately one-half of the Federal R8D budget. According to
DOD, the extent to which the Department can transfer this technology and
provide technical assistance to State and local governments is constrained by
specific provisions of these two laws.

Title II, section 203 of the Military Procurement Act of 1969 states that:

None of the funds authorized to be appropriated by
the act may be used to carry out any research project or
study unless such project or study has a direct and
apparent relationship to a specific military function or
operation.

Title II, section 20a of the fiilitary Procurement Authorization Act of 1970
contains similar but not identical language:

None of the fund authorized to be appropriated to the
Department of Defense by this or any other act may be
used to finance any research project of study unless
such project has, in the opinion of the Secretary of
Defense, a potential relationship to a military
function or operation.

The general interpretation of this legislation, including the modification
of the original language, (which has been determined to be presently
applicable beyond the time frame of the annual Authorization Act) is that
technology transfer efforts are acceptable provided they do not interfere
with the primary mission activities of the Department of Defense and provided
they are furnished on a cost-reimbursable basis where feasible. Current DOD
policy states that these technology transfer endeavors are viewed as salient
to the support of Government and thus strengthen this country's national
defense. The practical.guideline which has been followed in the past few
years is that spending for non-defense-specific research and development by
DOD be limited to about three percent of total funds.

After several years of relative inactivity in the area, the Congress has
shown a renewed interest in intergovernmental technology transfer. The
Science, Research, and Technology Subcommittee of the House Science and
Technology Committee held a series of four hearings on the topic-including
such issues as the use of Federal laboratories; State and local science and
technology assistance programs; and the Intergovernmental Science,
Engineering, and Technology Advisory Panel. Two of these hearings were field
hearings, one in Hartford, Connecticut, in March 1979 (at the request of
Representative Christopher Dodd) and one in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania \
September 1979.

Drawing from information derived from testimony offered during the course
of these hearings, the subcommittee has drafted a bill which is expected to
be submitted to the House in late spring 1980. This bill, the Domestic
Technology Transfer and Utilization Policy Act, would create policy and

CBS- 7 IBBOOHB UPDATE-05/15/80

mechanisms to ensure an "on-going commitment of Federal R8D resources to
State and local governments and to the private sector through technology
t nsfer and secondary utilization programs.“ All Federal departments and
agencies would be required to establish and fund a Technology Utilization
Office in those laboratories and RED centers with total budgets exceding $50
million per year. Each office would have a Technology Utilization Agent
responsible for disseminating information, interacting with network and
innovation groups, and providing technical assistance to State and local
officials upon request. To facilitate the secondary use of federally funded
research and development, the bill would establish a Federal Laboratory
Resource Center to coordinate the Federal technology transfer effort and to
serve as a central clearinghouse for technical information, and to provide
technical assistance to-State and local governments. A direct set-aside of a
percentage of each agency's R8D budget (to be determined before the bill is
introduced) would be used to fund this transfer effort.

In May 1979, Representative Christopher Dodd sponsored a Technology
Transfer Conference in Hartford, Connecticut, where State and local officials
met with Federal agency and laboratory personnel to identify problems,
resources, and possible solutions to issues facing the non-national
jurisdictions. The experience gained at this meeting prompted Senator
Charles Mathias to organize a similar conference for the Maryland,
metropolitan Washington area. This large meeting was held Mar. 19-20, 1980,
at the Baltimore Convention Center. Senator Mathias has announced plans to
introduce legislation similar to that of the House Science and Technology
Committee regarding the.intergovernmental transfer of technology.

Other activities of the 96th Congress reflect an increased interest in the
intergovernmental science and technology endeavor, much of which is related
to congressional concern for innovation and the Nation's economic growth, as
well as to energy. The Science and Technology Research and Development
Utilization Policy Act (5. 1215, H.R. 5427) and the Uniform Federal Research
and Development Utilization Act of 1979 (H.R. 5715)--discussed below-while
not directly related ttastate and local government per se,, would impact
significantly on _these jurisdictions. These bills would encourage the
commercialization and utilization of the results of federally funded R8D
which would increase the range of products and processes available to meet
the technological needs of States and localities and thereby help to promote
productivity in State and local services.

LEGISLATION

S. 931 (Percy et al.)

Local Energy Management Act of 1979. Provides "specific encouragement to
localities for the development of energy management programs directed toward
the implementation of energy conservation strategies and renewable
resource—based technologies." To accomplish this, the legislation provides

for broader Federal assistance to localities by: (1) creating a
demonstration grant program for implementation of energy  conservation
a ‘ivities and the development of renewable energy resources; (2)

enrablishing a local energy reference center for information dissemination;
and (3) implementing a technical assistance panel program, administered
through the Department of Energy's Regional Offices to provide both
information and direct technical assistance to the requesting locality
utilizing the resources of the Federal Government. Introduced April 9, 1979;
referred to Committee on Energy and Natnra1.Resources.

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S. 1215 (Schmitt et al.)/H.R. 5LI27 (Ertel, by request)

Science and Technology Research and Development Utilization Policy Act.
Stating that "the national support of scientific and technological research
and development is indispensable to sustained growth and economic stability,
and it is in the national interest to maximize the benefits to the general
public from such investment, [and that] scientific and technological
developments and discoveries resulting from work performed with Government
contracts constitute a valuable national resource...“ this bill establishes
and maintains "a Federal policy for thesmanagement and use of the results of
federally-sponsored science;and technology research and development." Creates
a uniform policy for the allocation of patent rights to the results of
federally funded RED to encourage technology utilization and
commercialization. To facilitate the transfer of such technology, this bill
creates an agency technology utilization program in each Federal department
supporting research and development activities to expedite use as well as to
encourage secondary applications of such technology.

3. 1215 was introduced Hay 22, 1979; referred to Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation and to the Committee on Governmental Affairs.
Heraings were held by the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space on
July 23, 27, and Oct. 25, 1979. H.R. 5427 was introduced Sept. 27, 1979:
referred to Committees on the Judiciary and on Science and Technology.

3. 1250 (Stevenson et al.)/H.R. 6186 (LaFalce)

National Technology Innovation Act of 1979. Promotes technological
innovation for the achievement of 0.5. economic, environmental, and social
goals. Stating that application of technical knowledge developed in the
Federal Government which has useful public purposes is the province of
business and labor, it establishes an Office of Industrial Technology in the
Department of Commerce and creates Centers for Industrial Technology. THese
Centers would encourage technological innovation, as well as the utilization
of new technologies and application of federally funded research and
development results.

5. 1250 was introduced May 24, 1979; referred to Committee on Commerce,
science and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science, Techno1o9Ya and Space
held hearings June 21, 27 and Nov. 21, 1979. The House bill was introduced
Dec. 19, 1979; referred to committee on Science and Technology.

3. 1280 (Jackson, by request)/H.R. H382 (staggers et al., by request)

Energy Hanagement Partnership Act of 1979. Amends the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act to providerfor a State Basic Energy Program and for special
energy projects. Purpose of bill is to (1) provide assistance to States and
localities for the development and implementation of national energy policy
objectives; (2) provide States with increased flexibility in design and
implementation of energy programs; (3) facilitate coordination of
Federal/State activities during national emergencies; and (H) streamlire
administrative requirements necessary for States to acquire Federal financn l
assistance for State energy programs. A

S. 1280 introduced June 5, 1979; referred to Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources. The Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and Supply held
hearings on the measure on July 27, 1979. Full committee hearings were held
by the Energy and Natural Resources Committee on Feb. 15 and 16, 1980. H.R.

CBS- 9 IB800fl8 UPDATE-O5/15/80

4382 introduced June 7, 1979; referred to Committee on Interstate and Foreign
Commerce and Committee on Science and Technology. Joint hearings on the bill
I :e held on Oct. 31, 1979, and Feb. 19, 1980, by the Subcommittee on Energy
Development and Application and the Subcommittee on Energy and Power.

S. 1537 (Percy et al.)

Local Energy Management Act of 1979. Provides “specific encouragement to
localities for the development of programs to promote energy conservation and
the expanded use of renewable energy resources." Administered by the
Department of Energy, a program would be created involving (1) a
demonstration grant program for localities to develop plans for energy
conservation and the use of renewable energy resources; (2) a documentation
and distribution grants program for information on programs relevant to
localities to promote energy conservation and the use of renewable energy
resources; and (3) a local energy reference center and a technical assistance
panel to provide information and technical expertise through site visits for
which localities would provide a minimum of 50% of the expenses. Introduced
July 18, 1979; referred to Committee on Governmental Affairs.

H.R. 0672 (Brown et al.)

National Science and Technology Inntwation Act of 1979. Promotes
scientific and technological innovation for the achievement of national
goals.

States that "technology and industrial innovation offer an improved
: lndard of living, increased public... sector productivity... [and] improved
public services" and that "no national policy exists to enhance technological
innovation for commercial and public purposes." Creates an Office of
Industrial Technology within the Department of Commerce and Centers for
Industrial Technology (in cooperation with the National Science Foundation)
to facilitate innovation through education and training, information
dissemination, use of Federal laboratories, financial support, research, and
technical assistance. Introduced June 28, 1979: referred to Committee on
Science and Technology.

H.R. 5715 (Ertel)

Uniform Federal Research and Development Utilization Policy Act of 1979.
Establishes "a uniform Federal system for the management and use of the
results of federally sponsored scientific and technological research and
development" to, among other things, "protect the public investment in
research and development by promoting the widespread utilization of
inventions." Introduced.0ct. 26, 1979; referred to Committee on the Judiciary
and Committee on Science and Technology. The Subcommittee on Science,
Research, and Technology held hearings on the measure on Feb. 8, 1980.

H.B- 6910 (Brown et al.)

National Technology Foundation Act of 1980. Creates a new, independent
a 2ncy——the National Technology Foundation--to "promote the advance of
tw'hnol09Y: technological innovation, and the supply of technological
manpower for the improvement of the economic, environmental, and social
well-being of the United States.“ Stating, among other things, that the "the
development of new technology either offers new goods or services for the

=national welfare or provides existing goods and services at lower costs," and

that improved links among sectors of society can produce new knowledge. with

CBS-10 IBBOOQB UPDATE-05/15/80

valuable public purposes, this bill consolidates technology—related
activities which are now spread throughout the Federal Government. with
the National Technology Foundation would be created an Office on
Intergovernmental Technology as well as an Office of Small Business; an
Office of Institutional.and Manpower Development; an Office of Technology
Policy and Analysis; an Office of Engineering; and an Office of National
Programs. Transferred to the Foundation are the National Bureau of
Standards, the Patent and Trademark Office, the National Technical
Information Service of the Department of Commerce, the Office of Small
Business Research and Development, the Directorate for Engineering and
Applied Science (exclusive of the Experimental Program to Stimulate
Competitive Research), and the working groups on Innovation Processes and
Their Management and on Socioeconomic Effects of Science and Technology of
the National Science Foundation.

The Office of Intergovernmental Technology would provide staff support for
the Intergovernmental Science, Engineering, and Technology Advisory Panel of
the President's Office of Science and Technology Policy and administer those
intergovernmental programs transferred from the National Science Foundation.
The Office also would act to increase the   science and technology
decisionmaking capabilities of State and local governments and promote
technology transfer from the Federal Government and the private sector to
State and local jurisdictions. Introduced march 25, 1980; referred to
Committee on the Judiciary and Committee on Science and Technology.

§§AB.lfl§.$.

0.5. Congrss. House. Committee on Science and Technology.
Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific
Planning and Analysis. Intergovernmental dissemination of
Federal research and development results -- Oversight
Hearings. Hearings, Qflth Congress, 1st session. Nov. 4,
5, and 6, 1975. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. 753 p.

0.5. Congress. House. «Committee on Science and Technology.
subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific
Planning, Analysis, and Cooperation. The Role of RED in
improving the quality of urban life. Hearings, 95th Congress,
2d session. Apr. 11, 12, and 13; may 15; and June 19, 1978.
Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print- Off., 1978.

0.5. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology.
Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology. The Role
of the Federal laboratories in domestic technology transfer.
Hearings, 96th.Congress, 1st session. June 12, 13, and 14;
and July 10 and 12, 1979. Washington, 0.5. Govt. Print. Off.,
1979. 741 p.

0.5. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Techjnology.
Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications. NASA space
and terrestrial applications user development activities.
Hearings, 95th Congress, 2d session. June 27, 28, and 29,
1978. Washington, 0.3. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. 494 p.

0.5. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space
Sciences. Subcommittee on Aerospace Technology and National
Needs. Technology utilization. Hearings, 94th Congress,

1st.session.
U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975.

1_3..1§E9.§'£§_.B_!!Q-§QEB..1§§§lQ!!3

U.S.

Print.

Congress.
Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology.
technology transfer:
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978.

At head of title:

cns-11 IB800fl8 UPDATE-O5/15/80

Sept. 22, 23, and 2'4, 1975.
517 p.

Washington,

D0CQ;'!.E'N.I§

House. Committee on Science and Technology.
Domestic
November 1978.
853 p.

95th Congress, 2d session.

issues and options.

Committee

---- Review of intergovernmental dissemination of Federal research

and developnent.results.
July 1976.
At head of title:

Print.

Special oversight report no. 5.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print, Off., 1976. 45 p.
94th Congress, 2d session. Committee

-—-- The role of federally funded RED in assisting local governments.

August

At head of title:

print.

1979. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 0ff.,

96th Congress, 1st session.

1979. 64 p.
Committee

QERONOQOGY QE EVE§I§

03/25/80

03/19/80

10/31/79

10/26/79

and 02/19/80 ——-Joint hearings held on S.

The National Technology Foundation Act of 1980

(H.R. 6910) introduced. Would consolidate technology
related activities of the Federal Government and would
create an Office of Intergovernmental Technology to

‘foster domestic technology transfer.

- O3/20/80 - Technology Transfer Conference and

Exhibition held in Baltimore, Maryland under the
sponsorship of senator Charles Mathias.

1280, the
Energy Hanagement Partnership Act which would provide
assistance for States and localities to develop and
implement energy programs.

The uniform Federal Research and Development Utilization
Policy Act of 1979 (H.R. 5715) introduced, which would
establish a uniform Federal system for the management
and use of the results of federally funded RED to
"promote the widespread utilization of inventions."

07/23/79; 07/27/79: and 10/25/79 -- Hearings held on S. 1215,

09/07/79 -

the Science and Technology Research and Development
Utilization Policy Act which would, among other things,
expedite the use and secondary application of
federally funded R8D.

Field hearings held in Pennsylvania by the House
Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on
Science, Research, and Technology on Intergovernmental
Technology Transfer and the Intergovernmental Science,

07/18/79 - The Local Energy Management Act of

cns-12 IB800fl8 UPDATE-O5/15/80

Engineering, and Technology Advisory Panel.

1979 (S. 1537)
introduced to provide assistance to localities in the
development of energy conservation programs and the use
of renewable energy resources.

06/28/79 -- The National Science and Technology Innovation Act of

1979 (H.R. 4672) introduced to promote scientific and
technological innovation for the achievement of national
goals.

06/21/79; 06/27/79; and 11/21/79 -- Hearings held on S. 1250, the

National Technology Innovation Act of 1979 which would
encourage technological innovation and utilization and
application of the results of federally funded RED.

06/12/79 - 06/10/79; 07/10/79; and 07/12/79 -- Hearings held by the

\

05/22/79

04/09/79

03/30/79

12/28/77

06/03/77

10/11/76

05/11/76

06/00/72

03/20/72

House Connittee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee
on Science, Research, and Technology on the Role of the
Federal Laboratories in Domestic Technology Transfer.

Under the auspices of Representative Christopher Dodd,
a Technology Transfer Fair was held in Hartford,
Connecticut.

S. 931, the Local Energy Management Act, introduced to
provide for local energy management programs.

Field hearings held in Connecticut by the House
Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on
Science, Research, and Technology on Intergovernmental
Technology Transfer.

The Federal Program Information Act (P.L. 95-220)
enacted mandating the establishment of a Federal
domestic assistance information dissemination system
for the Office of Management and Budget.

The President signed the ERDA FY 1977 Authorizations
(P.L. 95-39) which, under Title V, created the Energy
Extension Service.

The National science Fotmdation Authorization Act for

FY 1977 (P.L. 94-I-I71) signed into law setting aside
$2,500,000 for State Science, Engineering, and Technology
Program to be administered by NSF.

The National Science and Technology Policy, Organization,
and Priorities Act (P.L. 9&1--282) signed into law
creating the Intergovernmental Science, Engineering,

and Technology Advisory Panel in the Office of Science
and Technology Policy.

The Federal Laboratory Conscrtium for Technology Transfer
established.

President Nixon 's address to Congress on Science and

CBS-13 IB80048 UPDATE-05/15/80

Technology calling for "new partnerships" between the
Federal Government and State and local jurisdictions.

10/07/70 —- The Military Procurement Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-H41)

modified the provisions of the Military Procurement
Act of 1969 relating to funding for non-defense
specific projects and stated that funding may be used
if such work "has, in the opinion of the Secretary

of Defense, a potential relationship to a military
function or operation.“

11/19/69 - P.L. 91-121, the Military Procurement Authorization
Act of 1969, signed into law limiting the use of
funds for projects by the Department of Defense which
do not have “a direct and apparent relationship to a
specific military function or operation."

10/16/68 -— The Intergovernmental Cooperation Act (]?.L. 90-577)
enacted to provide improved interaction between State
and local jurisdictions and the Federal Government
in the provision of, among other things, technical services. 

09/1n/65 -- P.L. 89-182, the State Technical Services Act, signed
into lav creating a State/industry program fostering
the most efficient use of science and technology by
public enterprise. '

2QIILQEAL_£§E§B§HQ§-§QQEQ§§

Arthur D. Little, Inc. Intergovernmental uses of Federal RGD
centers and laboratories. Report to the Council of State
Governments. Washington, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1973. 81 p.

Council of State Governments. Power to the States, mobilizing
public technology. Lexington, Council of State Governments,
1972. 50 p.

Federal Council for Science and Technology. Committee on Federal
Laboratories. Intergovernmental use of Federal RGD
laboratories. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., March 1974.
30 p.

Federal Council for Science and Technology. Committee on
Intergovernmental Science Relations. Public technology,
a tool for solving national problems. Washington, U.S.
Govt. Print. Off., May 1972. 60 p.

Feller, Irvin. Diffusion and utilization of scientific and
technological knowledge within State and local governments.
University Park, Pennsylvania, The Pennsylvania State
University, Center for the Study of Science Policy,
February 1979. Various pagination.

Gollub, James 0., James R. King, Roger Malek, and Steven A. ,
Waldhorn. Increasing the capacity of State governments to
access and use of scientific, engineering, and technical
resources. Prepared for the Intergovernmental Program,

. _ ».~.;..~..4:~ s:.'::_--l..::.::.,"b

3 i
:1
I
3
42‘
5
is

 cns—1u Iseooua UPDATE-O5/15/80

National Science Foundation. California, SRI International,

January 1979. 9132 p.

National Action Conference on Intergovernmental Science and
Technology Policy. Action now: partnerships--putting

technology to work. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Office of
Science and Technology, 1972. 33 p.

San Diego Technology Action Center. Technology transfer--science

and technology applied to local government needs. California,
Center for Technical Services, July 1977. 45 p.

11.5. Congress. General Accounting Office. Means for increasing
the use of defense technology for urgent public problems.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. 0ff., Dec. 29, 1972. 58 p.

----—- Technology transfer

and innovation can help cities identify probles and solutions.
Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Aug. 6, 1975. 55 p.

Woolston, Susan H. and Barbara A. Davis, eds. Networking for
science and technology in local government. Proceedings of the

third annual innovation group conference. Washington, National
Science Foundation, September 1978.

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