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DELIVERED AT NEVVBURYPORT

012 z‘}zc am A Azznivergary

AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE;

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€T'HL‘ INIM‘B‘I:r‘.e22\r2r*s op SAID ‘TOWNZ

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Ex WILLIAM B. BANISTER, ESQ,»

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ATEIVBUR TPORT .7
‘Mord T};-IE semzss 0:4‘ is.  .d‘LL3.£I-'«'..

1399;

R£A.TK®Ng

Q ‘ITIE Selectmexr of A Newburyport, prefenf‘ tlieir thaniisr‘ raw
‘WIIILAIAM B. BANISTER, Esq. for his fpirited and patriotic Oration,

delivered yesterday in commemoration of AMERICAN INDE'IfEND“'3-*

ENCE, and, in ‘be1~ia1f'of the Town, reqfiefifa copy for the prefs.
By order qf the Selectmen,

_% _ D. A.  Claairmam
Jun: 5, . 13093,» 4 A

GENTLEMEN3 V_ _  h V
THE thanks of my fellow citizens are gratefullyrac1:now*1edgec714§,v
and their requefi with»di&idence”comp1ied with, by   
% % 173', Obdz‘. Ser'vt.% %
’ VI; B. BANISr'I‘ER..

may 6, 1309‘;

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0,,R..A TION,€9’c..

 

 

l  birth day of our nation very naturally
,and p-roperly leads our minds back to the causes
which originated, and the measures-whiclt effected
so great ,anc,l:h.appy ran .ev6,11t. And from the first

‘ grand event, We are also naturally and properly led
to eon,sicler the progress of our national interests and V

character, and those causes and measures which.
have, at any time, mat_e1~ially affe.cte.d. those interests
anti that charactetj. .

Aatl the long established custom, in our country,
puhliclacly to assemble and commemorate this natal
day, in recounting our dangers and sufferings, our
cleliverances arid prosperityt, with festive joy and
hilarity, is sat-tctionecl, not only by usage, but by ev-»-
ery consideration of gratitude, and every principle
of patriotism, For if our liberties and happiness be
clear to us, the memory of a W"arren, Montgornery,
and XVooste.r,_ and their brave companions in the glori--
ous struggle, whose toils,and sufferings, wltose blood
and lives were the price of that inglependence which
we thus boast and cherish, shoulcl also be clear to
us, And these ann,ivers,a1*y festivals are at once
the best evidence of our grateful remexnbrance, and

the best means of inspiring and cherishing those l

'virtue_s,wl1i,ch procured us these blessings.
And a frequent and faithful retrospect of those
scenes through vvliich our country has struggled,

and an impartial consicleration of those principles ,

which guided its councils, at once enkinclle in the
heart that love of country which is the surest bu.lwarl‘»t

4%

against foreign invasion," and teach that political ‘WIlS'.='
dom and virtue which are the strongest cement of
our union and ‘happiness,  Will not n be expected
that on an occasion like the present, I should at:
tempt a historical detail of thos~C Sfienes through
which we struggled into being, nor of those
through which We have arrived at our ”pr_ese11t nag
tionalt maturity. sN;or pan it be necessary : for those
struggles were shared by rnany of you, and pan nev-,-
or he effaced fro1n the’ tablet of ‘your rnernovriesg.
those of us, who were too young to take an ac»
tive share in thosespenes, have yet frequently par-,«
tioipated therein, in the animated rj_elatio‘ns of tlrein
‘our fathers, and -in the page of ‘faithful history,
And thlose‘ scenes and measures, through which our

s icoiulontry has grown and ripened into manhood, are

so publiclc, recent and farriiliar, that a rninute
recapitulation pannot be necessary, It will
therefore be my elldeayot“, from a brief review of
some of the leading, and prominent events in our
national heizperience and history,'to exernplify and
enforce those principles,‘ and virtues, which gained;
our independence, and which are the only sure
foundations of national security and prosperity. 4  

 If,then,‘we ‘go back to those causes which dis; ‘W

membered us from our mother eountry,and oonsid-;
or, on the one hand, the repeated, unjust,i“and wick},
ed atternpts to impose on  arbitrary and oppres-be
sive laws and burthens of, and, on the other, ‘ that
temperateyet firm, and perseveringresista11ce which
Wasntnade  to those atterrfptsg--4?-if "the spirit of our:
fathers is expressed in their rernonstrances and pe-_-
titions, their intrepiidy-I had almost said hallowed

1 s:-mdeclaratpion hoof." independence; itheirshrwas that .

sound, enlightened,’ and ardent love of liberty and
:.C,0untry, which could rnanfully appeal to the world

5

mnnumn

for the justice of 3123 camse; ami wlilicii co1.;1i.d Clfl-9'

voutly, and with humble confideiice, impiore the
approbation and blessing of he;-i,V€11. Aridijf we
follow tiiose tyrannical attempts 1.0 enforce opp1"es—~
sion, at the point of the bayonet; mid time mouth of
the cannon-4-l-=—i;f we follow’ our giete1*111ined sites to
LexVing_ion, jto Bunl;ei*’s hill, to P1°li:oceto*wn., and to
Monmouth, We s;ee'the:m. nerved and 3.1’1li'):1EHZ§iCi by
me same g.pirit, to ur1pa1*ale1led sufieiriligs anal
p,e1*seve1"ence, valour and victory, l A A
But it Lis not ¢11QL3gl1 thapwe admire tha*§:'spi1*it
in om? falillersg cluty to them, {:0 our eomitry,
and to posterity, ‘Cl61’=i1a1”1ClS that We Cl1E1‘l;Sl1‘1l‘L"iI1 our-
zsoeives, and i11_Spi1'€ it in our c;l1ilclre11. But tlmt We
may guard again:-;,t a. blincl, and ofueii 1‘[lTi.SCiii€jf:VO'lJ.E§»
€I1tl]:L1Si3.S‘m, it is xiecessary coolly to (2Cf»‘i‘";f?{"iC:li-fli‘ prio-
giples amd facts; and tlie miincl 1111.155: iIJ€‘l’l’i8~lIE"L1C"i’(ii(l
before the feelings _:.‘:11‘-E (i‘1‘1iiSi{£‘.(Ll. j‘md if we em-.»
company our feLtl1e1'3 tl1l1'O1.1gl'l 21 ciis?st1*<:::a5iiig anal (.liSw“
poiiragiiig eiglit years W211‘, Where eiitimsizisin
would, a thousand tiingzs, if pOE§E5il3=iC”3,l 11-’EL'V€ c.li*oop§;:cl

anti died; We moat acianowleclge tliat Iiothiiig but

the strongest convictions oftlie juestice E111ClvS&C1Z“(iCl.—::»
ness of yzhose p1*i1'1cipie5:., for whic.lH;hey conteiicied,
_g:ou/.ld have sxipportecl aiiid given tiiem tle1er"y'ieto1*y,
It is not, therefore, the spirit alone, by wiiicli wrcf;
are to juclge of the merit of its effect; lam: 1‘atl’1€1?
ghe cofrectness of those p”fl11eCipi€.S_a, wliigsh dictated
giid guided that spirit, and g;ua1*:-mteed its success.

And I woui_d Large this the 11’lO_1“C, l)t3=;.,£U.1S(3 it is a.
settled and true axiom of tile loest W1'ite1's, them:
9“ 3. free government essentially rests on fiche virtue
of the people.” And notwiiiistandizig our laozistecl

1*eason-—m11otwithstaiicliiig the 1‘l10(l€1‘I1, pl'1ilo~sopl1iez3:.l,

and misciiievous ‘iai*go11oi"il1e perfectibiiiity ofman,
A:-;ug:l1 am, in 1;::*uili, our paseioiis zmcl irailties, zliag

6
are .11‘-1llSt'*lE)6 goVcr1‘1ed:----by the strong arm of ar'b'i~
jLra1‘fy"p0VVEI‘; or by the gentle, yet firm authority
of r“eligion, virtue, and habits. And as we thank»

fully rejoice in exemption "from the caprice, and tyt-  

ranny of power, let us carefully cultivate those
habits, and virtues, and that religion, which are so
essential -to that freedom which we justly, and agrate-
fully boast, r W ‘

And in our happy Constituetion, and its faithful

_¢administration under “'VVASHINGTO.N, and ADAMS,

we see the consummation of all thos.e virtues which

i ,_e,nnoble man, and exalt a nation. It required all the

wisdom of your Wise men, and all the candour, ime
~,pgartiality,and integrity of the good, to unite on one

platform, feelings and in,te1"ests so hetrog.enious,l

and incoherent. ' To bring order and union, out of
eoiifusioti, and distrust"; ._strength from Weakness;
wealth from poverty; and public ,credit and conli-:
,.sfl.:‘3I1C(i‘,. from national banltrttptcy ; to digest andput
;in:z‘;o operation a system at once» so «novel, so com?
pleat, so extensive, and irnportant, could be effected
,,§o.n_ly by a W'AsH1NG.roN and la HAMIL.TON ; and their
icompatriots in our national councils. The   fruit of
their labours was an almost miraculous creation of
public revenue and credit; an instant and profound
organization of all our physical and political pow-g

  ers andrelations; and almost, faithful and ‘S11-LCCESST

ful application  tltern to our _country’s prosperity
and honour. A   ' it ' ’ ‘
Under such men, princples, and measures, the
advance of our happy country to wealth, rank and
glory, was without example. It was then Am_erica’s
proud day. It was then her poets lbndly painted
her canvass Whitening every sea, and her hardy
sons seeking honest trealth, by every daring enter-
p1‘ize,cr1 every Wave, through every clime. » Alas l

7.
that we must» say‘-“—--«it Was. Alas l» that we must
confess“ and lament the sad, humiliating reverse.~
Gladly would I spare your feelings, and my. own,
the sombre view ;* and from the annals of A our last
eight years I would obliterate the Utopian follies,
and almost fatal erroiars, which throng. its page ; but
t-hatthose follies, and errour-s, with their distressful
consequences, can never be oblitelrate, nor forgot-
ten. ~And5 there is solemn instruction and profit‘, 
Well as an honest? ingenuousness,-t in reviewing and.
acknowledging past errours. « Indeed it is the only
foundation and» hope of amendment.-- For so long

a as our selfish partiality not only conceals our er-¢

rours,~butt metamorphoses themi into wisdom and
Virtue, We shall? most certainly persist in them.
And the remark holds equally true of a Chief Ma»
jistrateas of an individual. A A r A
But, in one view, our publiel; and private rela-
tions are essentially clifferei-it ;- and that free ani-
tnadversio-n on the errours and folliesrof a friend,
or” an individual, which would be justly condemned
as censorious» and uncharitable, in our publicl: re?-~
laftion becomes» matter of right-, of justice, and of
duty. Of right important and indefeasible to our-~
selves; of justice, and of duty, solem-n and sacred
to posterity.» Fer, with the invaluable blessings
which we inherit from our fatliers, we inherit,-i also‘,
thetindistsoiuble obligation to transmit them unim-r
paired to posterity. And a £1=equen.t— and faithful}:
review; of those measures which affect our publick
and private rights and happiness. is an iniportant
mean of securing. and facilitating thefulfilment of
that obligation. t A ‘  t _g
y And let it not, on the onevhand, be misealled se-»
dition, to analyze the rngeasures of an existing ad-

” ministration, and tdoubtytheiii ini:"al:l.ibility; nor, on

8

the ostller‘, let the’ ola1nou1*'of the €ienso1‘i«oi2Ls" fieltef‘

us from 21 free an vstrillcrt eXami11a-tion'oft?ho'se 1?}?1€aS-=?~

ures of a p1'eced~ingaclminilstration, unclerl which we

have lsufl’e1"led lmu~e~l1, lalnd still su»l‘fe1*; ands Wl1iehc‘a.n A

sophical reti1*em»e«:ot of theie authlolr. ~
In the discharge, ther1,% of alalixnportant v:right,7 8.1161‘

derive no extemmtiofn, nor ~s~a11ctit-y,lfio:%n the 1':»1hil0-»'  

duty, let us calmly revieew some o7f=tl=1el most promi--%

nent measures of the late ~adminismti'oln; and ap-4
plying to them «tl‘1o*se p1*ineiples wllieh co11eluc~ted- 1:159
to i11depe1idle11ee, wealtla, and honom-‘d,~let us appro«Ve
their conformity, and learzl 'Wisclo<m 4¥~frlom their do...
v~iatloA11s. l   l _ 4 A V

l Scarclely was l~supre;me é!Lutl1or‘ityVpassed to »1noel4-=:l

em "hanclsgl wl1e1i1 to ~m~oe-deem  handfis, also, wmulslte llpas-s»

all l~su'b7iorcl'1n—ate .o’fficesl,of ant"-hority, «ltmst, and proofing
The i1r3_jL1stice, and ill‘ many Emstancese the alasollute

ltlistress, of this measurfe, was so notorious as coul&

1:1eeiltl1er=be congealed nor cleenied,-a11dllcan nelver be
forgotten. '1‘h6'a‘l1mO'Stl11tL1:fl;-lVC calislcemmenfc and dis--4

-eril1ni11ation of Va/'As1i in GT ow, and .l1:Es~11nimpe—aehab‘lle‘

I

justice, and %impa1'tiali’;y, ‘stand .1*»ecord-ecl on every
page of our coun-try’s a1ma.lls, and aclmowleclged by‘
all; It was V-frown his personal l;11oWle«c;l.g\eoft,l1»eir'
abillities and mer‘its,N;e»tll1at hiscom»pa11ionsin dangew
and slufferinflgs —relc~eiv»el<il the W€ll€Etl1?11€'§@l,~y€l; s-camty‘

mecle A of their faitlufulll *ll:—.11bours, ‘in appoimmeaots to‘-
1:hose o~fl*’zceslf1~omwhioh they shave 1*eceml1y'be-en‘

llmrl%ecl--for 11lolreaslon,‘b'Ll1t to make :1'loom,fo»r mod-er

lem,AA mushroom A‘ m-erit, of la pzirtivcullar‘ political
stamp. I\/lalny of themlneggaxedb-y their ea»1*ly»ancl.

long clevotion to%..t11ei1'lcountry’s cause, had just be-'
gun to taste zmcl rejoice in the fruits of A all tlmei-1"

saorlfieless and si.1l?fe1"i11£gs; ; Vvlien,:°m; their grey l1airs,~.

and with clependent families, tlley must: z-zgaixle

-fmrxied om: to loeggary rand wane.-

p 9,

""""‘..........iL""".£
‘Waving the d’an”ger to the public}: interests, by
turning out faithful, and experienced men, and ap«
pointingnew ones, it unacquainted with the particu-
lar duties of their office, I cannot forbear to urge

to your “consideration the prejudice to the publicle:

morals, and through_th’ese, most essentially to the
public}: Welfare, inthe expectation of a general ro»
tation in office, on every change of administration,
The honours, and emoluments of ofi‘ice, are strong

inciternents” to ambition, and strong temptations and,
trials to virtue-—--so strong as not unfrequently to
overpower it. It is unwise, therefore, in a free

government, by such an example, to cherish, and
strengthen’ such temptations ; which go to the root
of publick virtue. A partial revolution in place, or
a revolution in power, is the ordinary course in all
governments, and therefore, ordinarily to be expect-—
ed; but this most extraordinary exampley, in our
own country, is without a parallel, both in its ex-
tent, and in its principles. It was not that the in-
cumbent Was guilty of any malfeasance, or neglect;
no‘ such instance could be found. Iwish as much
could be said of their successors. , It was not to
put more wise, or more honest, or faithful men in
their places. Nor was it, to my rnind, a sound rea-

son, that “they would neither resign, nor die.”

Nor do I find more reason, or justice, in the com,»
mon and” almost only pretence of justification,

“ that for the convenience andpleasure of the ad-
rninistration, it is necessary that all subordinate or-

tficers.shouldharrnonize with’ the executilve.” ll/Vhen,

. ‘T/Vasnttncron ' had appointed . able and well tried

patriots to office, in whose hands, under his and

the succeeding t ‘8.(l“1T1iI1iSi11‘atlOI1 of i Mr. ADAMS, all

the interests of our country were safe, and flourish»
ed heyotid example, yet without ‘thleyleast irnpeacha
B

N3

130%

T4

ment of those ‘patriots, a new adminisitration could
not, with such men, harmoniously pursue our coun-«
try’s welt7are--—-I leave the inference to the advo-t
cares of an apology" so *fallac,ious, and reproachful. A

In connection with this primary measure it may
be proper, and I hope useful, to notice the rage for
novelty, and experiment, which so strongly lcharacl-:
terized the late l administration.._ I would not ELClVO-=-
cate a blind, «und.o'u.hting and uninquiritig confidence
in the political creed, or conduct, of ' any man.
Such confidence consists not with the genius and’
security of free governments, But tl'1€l‘€mlS a sta-
bility, and permanency, of system and measures,
essential toall governments, and most of , all to free
ones. Andin proportion asthe genius of the gov-
ernment fosters the notion and spirit of freedom,
the authority" of habits, and attachment to known
and Well proved principles, a11clmeasu1*es,- should be
interposed, and cherished, as a check to dangerous

.innoVation., Indeed the religious, moral, and po-l~ _

itical principles, and habits, of a free‘ people, are
theironly barrier , against anarchy, revolution, and
despotism. And when once those principles and
habits are corrupted, and broken down, the civil
authority and laws become odious restraints; and
are soon prostrate at the feet of ungovernable li-
centtousness, ~ , i l I‘ . l l

‘vVhen, therefore, W'Asn7:n~tcroN had introduced
andestablishecl a system of principles, J and meas-
ures, which were pursued by ADAMS, andwhich
were tested, and approved, in the unexampled pros»-
perityand happiness of our country ; and when, on
the succession , of a new administration, We see
those measures, and with them, the interests, of our
country all reversed---—i-ll had almost , said-------~ruined,
what can we thinl; of the principles which dictated

1 1%

 

and governed these moclern measure-s? Anc=l,shall'

We not pause", and consider ,5 and improve the pres
sent, and every proper opportunity to profit by the

sober consideration of our sufierings and dangeisi’
While yet essaying our unprovecl infancy, the

de redation-sh the .:En“lish on our »’0L1D.s‘I" “Tet”
P t V, 8 v 3 or}  

‘Tll

p1*ofitahle,}a=ndincreasing connnerce, had well Iiib

paralizedottr opening vigour, and blighted our {on-dd,

hopes. For onour Commerce depended our reve-'
nue, and on -thatour publicl: credit and confidence,
and the lmeans for carrying into effect all those
IT1.€€tS'L‘1"1'.ES which had been conce-rted for our coun-
try"s weal.l And when, under various pretexts, the
British refused to deliver possession of ourfrontier
posts, which, lay treaty, they had stipulated, did
VVASHINGTQN deign to bribe the justice of Great
Britain, by abandoning the claims of caur merchants

fortindem1ti‘fic7ation for those previous sspoilliatioins ;‘ t

or by thepurchase of an empire, to secure those’
rights which had been aol::.noWledged, and guaran-
teedby treaty”? iY~ou well remember the reverse.-{--«
His bold, yet‘ temperate, inge11uot1s,yet firth appeal“

-to that jiusticegand our rights, 'iinm”ediately procure

ed us, under the treaty of Mr. Jay, all we asl-zed;

‘and all We Wanted. ()ur rnerchaiits were remuner-
uated, “ some tWenty,so.me sixty, and some a.n- hunt

dred folc ;” our posts -were given up; and €1‘f1'£Jl1‘@

We did not Want.

Need I contrast the violation of our rights at New
Orleans, taynd the disgraceful compromise, by a "trib-
utary purohas~e of undefined einpire ;, and by the
saerifioe of the; hotnest cltaims of out merchants for

, tnillions of property,ipilla-gedfrom them by "Freneht,

eruizers ? It is not l;or4 me, at this time, totconsider
the various preten-cesofjfustification, for this meas-
ure ;n;o1'«~to~ argtte t-he q‘11~fiffS’ClOi1 of title, and prove,

12

what isnow generally uxuderseopd, t7ha-twte ob-t_ain«
ed none. Much less yzcayrx  coolly, angi phi1:oyys.Qphig-
cally, sit down yand 9a1,Cu1ate jche ‘d.o11_ar~ angle _fcen,t
profit 02: 1035-035 ssuchea ~ba_1fg.a.in, y The ,eXpyens;e;s pf

an army of 0311;‘ naiive “brethren, to keep in sL1bjye__c;~“
tion and order our newly _.b;O:1l_g'hf§if1f1V3¢1.1l33_b«1V€ fore'ig1j1

brethren, yahd to p_1*Qieet"th.1em% and 11$ _ag:a,i1"i§:t fi.<311yc*
peaceable [foreign I;eiAg}.1byQur§., we .h‘av';.e ' g111jea,dy
largeltr txperientsd; Whi.1.s= the in9a1c.ulE%*?1€   Profit
and felieityyyof ‘the §peycue1a_fi,0;n, yet remain, a.nnd' will
ever rémfiiilia in the phi10§0p11i§a1 h;¢a'd wd hfcari of
the p%ur:chaser- But, for ms» it iss enougfr that it
wggsea yyshanieful barter of QLII‘ cQ1;.n;t1*y’S ‘I‘i’g;_11tsy, for
which  ihousand W T-1H.di;SPU_t.€d L;0ui:si;tnals c;ou1d
myakeeno 1-¢p.a.ratio:1-  It’ was % a;band9iim¢intA of
those Prinycielés of%~eiIa<1€P;¢ny<ien;C.eya 2a-i191" "imP¢a;‘tia1iIys
fw11ich hac;}.*byeer:1 test_ed ye  :1}€oi1ggur:1a,n,fl h,a;pp%i'n_e'ssj.
 our ceotintry, L wag 12,1 fpaI.1';  ;hatU y11I1Qci;e’;*i1,‘rg1a;-
ehiaVe1E.3.1f; syystemoef i:empo1*iz'ing‘ expe%rini.ente,% and

“A partial, efafty p_yo1i.cy,by old yandf yveill tri%ec_}

5-We ii1gg%'1i31g.~”

pri-nciplyes are _1mhinged, the yCo1ifiyde_ncye“e‘a1i%d yirt11e
of the “people destroyed? and goVeri1me11t, itself,
madea mere system "of decepytionxy, yspeculatiqn, and

See the Same system 1?3115$11,€C1iI1.01117IY1y0.51r€1*Il nae:
V9-1 _eX?¢rim6nt” 5'  emd sees for you hm fab? its econ-
Seq11er:éé$-” eTh¢r3is an ,old and Cfirxaif! i°ii1.e3‘%yot” sae}
c1je‘_d, rand theref-di1e,‘.ofindispjitablye ‘algithbfity, which

is 2. sure zindjustteét of ’pub¢;1i_c:};%é.s§Vyye1’l a_s private

chétra_¢t_e;fs and  by ;i11;ei‘r‘ f15uits ye shall
lmow thyeyymfl’ The fruitg pfour Cpnstellation, B03?
@011, a.n_d Constitutioxjxgunder the Jcommandy ofT:_ru:>=:_-ll

Axon, 'I.§itt1e, ‘afid  "vv'ere% ihe ‘“pr¢twa¢n,
:1~1un~;ph,and glqry of our cduntry. Itwas these

.stro1';g 2L1"guri1ents,‘ urged by ‘the Cannon’ Lof%Ti*uxton;y A

,;y3.z;d"'y“Litt1e, which .£1_as11ed CQnViCtiO11iI'1tO.th6 cabie

1 3

_I1gzB~t, at the T%humer1e ;‘V*‘j;5;;11is"hed the   X,  

 g en_try, with a11 t11eirAVi11.$.Q~1€nI p%Vi‘O1DOSwaLS, »igmIO ihfiiit‘

,Qrigina1 nQthi_r::g ;  :c_,c>11’1g;x31_aa..nd%ec__l fc>_1{ L13 , gn%- e%.qL1i;ta;:-

gliléa aiid hor:<9u;ra321.¢ .tre.4at><«¢  :~:m.s%Pr<:b1%e’sA +i1>uii~A
,d‘ekr ,w,l1i.c11 shoqk xhc ,fqL1nc,1ati0,1;1’s ;qfvT_1:ipo1i,V and 1113

Vllfiiea-rté 0f.its “prowl; and bé£_rb2I.1i0,.Lf;.s A ;;11da$:t€;r,,A.an<i his

.‘})ii*;a.tfis_ca§l% sVlVzj,:vj%e¢4s;  Ngaytc our Ac;;p,§'1;rej.%bre,tI1ren,

:O1’,iC.6‘ %.g§110;1'e to ’fifée.:c1_o;ni, %,a1..;g1 Atheir :fI'i,€;1fi(:lS°.V  ini-
’fan*t'1:1aVy7W11i.C1.1 gavfi P%A1'3§3-3%%11d~ 1’5»$P<3Ct 1:0 tlfiffi _A-

merican name mil flag; ,W11e1"¢ %<:vm‘ it Wavecl was
}'1arneAd,xzv1asxhe;:hi1d _of §/Vz§.4SI;II3N.GTQN-1‘ rmrsctcl by
Ab A-M$“r"'- £f.il1".1   flip anc,3.rotte<1,$i11 4c1ry clock. by
:their §u§£9 2,.¢,s.so»1*. And with it are p1'0strate thfl hon;

_bL11*s, and Vp,i~i(;I_e, .ai'1%c,1“ .prd1:_ec._tionT Qf our~co_u1m*y'.

But yvllat are the .1nig11tyjti9ophiwes of ;0u.r No. 1., 2,
galld 3,10 300; g;;nb.qVa:.'s? I blusgh -for my country,

,when I%_‘c1’1iI11r’~’ A01? the »11Lj:i1i1ia,£i11g __cgmt—riast.4 It _lI171gh__t.

;1p,t be haltqgjether “a fmiitlegs, ‘but smte i,twe1*e' gs,
;11e_¢d1€~S;$ .1a1fi);Q1_1_;r, 1,0 ,i1j1v_westiga.te the philcaé-..op11$ica1
,p1~i11cipi1e,s a.n__d 1"C&S.Q11_S ofs}7§{ce1n _:-; oAr=1ove1, and
,fth,e:o1~£:-ti,ca1,_ whivlg-: we burn with Sh§3.I'_1'l§, :¢._x_ndd im-

;di%gIiafi.<>n, 3~.tH Ih{,¢  :.éi.di_a:u1e; im=0l¢n,c£, and 

gre.ssio.ns-.. of every"

1

Ii4aIi0I1,A%WiF1?:0autM 431$ PQLWM‘ I10

Vprotycct qr redress‘ ;Qurser]v_c3$_-

A  it  §_3L1tju;~z£i§:_e tc; é3.1.itI~’3bL1t_E.‘%%t1].();‘s;c‘-;{ %..insults,, and
;inju;ri%es to Qur dry _docl«:._, 2_n1d. gurxboat syste111. For

et3;§}*g.3§1ja; ‘11Va.tiVQ11$‘té11;e1*§: is; no U1n;pi,1:'_e, 1}o1‘ju“dipiéLI ~33?
fthority f;p,<_1,ecid,e 2-md 1jedregs mutua1%co1n”p1aintVs and

injL11*i’eHs‘lW  is‘,.¢11g3r'ef0i*e, ‘Of finish _s,t1~onggé1*11ecessity
maintain’ 1*1:»,2,.ti,e:>.1';.2_a_1 rights  nz;:iQ11a.%1~_1:qwer4‘ and
§pirit: % " AndAAjsu-r§:lyA;11is _d‘o‘ctrin,e ne«3c_1s np %%stro%:nge_r
grgurgeiut xlian "_ou:' fiwn _¢ff‘;;.;£1)f31‘i:&11C_E:~'fQ‘1" ;fie 1ast few
;~,"rea11*s:. Arid llappy  WeM%be&if,.fl'Qm Jpast CXP€1‘i~r

jm1dce,,weA may learn .presIent,a.11d :E7L1,fiL1\%raé.WVj~II%i5§101I1, ‘

A brar1 c :h;,0f the same sysVten1%ofinnovation were

$111956 A 1*epeaL.ted~ zmaclis %_cm A .0131“ m1‘i;i0na.1 _Judic'iary“.;

1.4;.

Ifiliiflfl

u-u--—-nu-u

that_prim.epillar of our Constitution and Govern-{

merit. IFirstf in the repeal ofa law, establishingand
regulyatiing it; next by impeachment of a most up!-
righnandincorruptible Juclge; and lastly, by ades-l
pe1'ate,_land wicked attempt to subject that strong
jprop, atrtdll palladium of our rightsi and liber-’
ties, to the will and Caprice of the Executive
“and? Legislative l branches, by extrajudicial ouster,
at the pleasure of those firanclies, Without accusa-
tion, or notice, or reason given, .15. volume could
not contain the Various and importaiit relations and
effects of this great branch .ofcivi_l polity.» For ~‘Wl1a”E-+
ever may be the genius, or form of "government,

every" great and minute interest of our politieal being i

is, in sorne rnanner, subject to this tribunal. f Life

yitself.;liberty, 5 property, and reputation, here seek

protection,‘ea.nd safety. But if this tribunal can be
.corrt1pted., orbyeanyrmeans, made subservient to
{the Le‘~“isl_ative and Ercecutive‘ de artments--—-—1ife~

S 9

‘liberitygiand property, arerbfut a name, held at Slfilf-,-=
"fe;r~ance of*at“do”rninant faction. ‘In yproportion, therea-
”yforey,‘elto the freedo1n‘"‘.o‘f. the éiitrernitnent,  should‘ be
i"the’iisacredlpurityg and independence, of the _juclicia--
; anrlin the same proportion is 4 the political anttl

“amoral turpitucle of every attempt to subvert or rim...

ipiair tlrat iitwiolable “sanctuary”.

LI. l l  'To ‘lrecapitttlatei 1neintttelyl"a1ai«;itll in order it the almost
fiitnttrnerablie errorsia.nd eviis of thelrilltrast aclrzninistraf
rtion, Would1"eq'uire more ‘times’ and patience than can

“liljeiicleV'otecl oil ‘such. as day as this.   Incleed it lwerye

‘totdetaili allthe measuresof the reign of philosophy.

Qrnitting, therefore, minor proofs, i wii1iibt1t~ac;l.d the

'la'sttconclt1siVe, and irresistible i 0115;fL111Cl€_i§'ilVTv’l1_iCl1
hive so longancl so convincingly Sufierred; and: in
releif from wlrichl we sincerely rejoice. I will not
atternpt to portray the embargo inall its clistressing

15
unnu-n--If

oppressive forms and efi’ects;i these haveloeen eith»
er felt, or seen, by each of you ; and language could

A not do justice to your honest feelings. Nor need  V

follow its able and eloquent opponents, in consider-—
ing and refuting the various pretences for jttstifying
it. For such pusillanirnous duplicity, and state
nicromancy, have been played off i with this great
hobby, as at once exposes both the measure and its

authors. To day we are told it is a mere peaceful

municipal measure of caution, originating in great

affection and anxiety for our rnariners and mere-

chants ; the first evidence of affection ever exhibita

ed by their modern patron, and a most fatal one :
tomorrow‘ we are told that it is a most profound
and powerful measure of War-—-in-1noclern,t sophisti-
cal jargon termed coercion---~originally designed,
and most Wisely C.':l.lCL1l{:ll3£(i‘.Cll to bend and compel all
the powers of the world. Coercive indeed it has
been to us ; and such coercion, and double dealing,
may we never‘ again experience.  i t
I need not be told that sound policy requires
concealment from an enemy of your _final design ;

and may even justify  covert attack, perhaps under 1

counterfeit or doubtful colours. Butl have yet to
learn that the best mode to coerce an enemy is to
make war on ourselves: and that the best and
wisest mode to obtain  partial advantage of him,
isby national suicide. t   j  ‘

up i If then we applythe rule, that “ the tree is ltnown
by,its fruit,” when we view the prolific crop of dis-
tress and ruin ; evasion of the laws,’ hywfrattcl Core-

ruption, andperjury ; forfeitures and prosecutions ;

beggaries and thiefts gtall springing from this fertile
source; i What can we thinl: of the policy which pro-
duced them? Iain awarethat for the accomplish-
mentatof greatnatio__enal objects, rnuch private incon»

9

l A

 mi 1

i venience ‘imiis£B*els~e~meli  s svaiseaiecd. vBu?t if earl

never believie th‘a1farry %par*t«i*a'1‘a s;d'va:mage', _ho“W-ever
~ol5vi.oL1s land oe1*tain,~ can be‘lAan‘?=equiva:le'nt for the 53....
‘erifioe of piL7.i3’l'lC'ViI"i”l.L1€}%¥-¥}Xfld:i we're.lth’ere no’ records
of the thousand f1°aui:is“ and forfeitti=r‘e§, By our ‘eir1t'e’r..
lprizing but less virtu«ous c‘i1;”iAzenAs; irr‘-at't'erripAtiAnig to

levacie A sueh’ rigoroufAsl ar'1d’ oppressive rcistrictior1"s-  yet A

there ‘re mrains a l3¥as-ting.” andlinca’le‘u1a?b’le evil: AA i1‘1A the
corruption _cfth’epi1b1i'cmindandimicrals;aand«  a dis»
re speetanid inllsub‘o1*dinTafioiii to‘ all loauth’ori‘ty,l laws a'n<:l
habit? ; growing oiit of the s’e\feTritie9ofA this blight-‘-~
ing measure ;* “Vvhioh earn’  co"un'fe'racted arid‘ cor»
mated oe11lyiE%yltl1—?‘eA vigilant, A lpromptl arid-E eiXeAlmspla1*y
e:<:ertioi‘1s~ of tl*xeivi"rt1“1ous of Aall pAaA'rt‘ieS;» A

A I shAoeld feel my‘ time, and yqxir_ iI}'Cil1'1:lig'*é1‘i”CA€r, but
ill-requitecl in Anoticing* rheeirroiirs of an7lli11cli‘vid»ua%1, or
anacimiriistration, l5utAtl71af thlose‘ pi+inC‘iple's,« Awhicli
are the foundation ofiall our liber"tiAes1 and happinesfis
may be the more strongly seen and felt, and the
more ardemzly yet soberly cohe‘risheAd1, byAA ellaCl1AAar1d
all of  and“ that we may be excited‘ to more live-«
ly convictions of our various arid imiAporta’ntVrights
and duties, and to greater fidelity and ciiligence in
the support and discharge of them. i

If, then, by “ theirwfruitsye shall~l<now*tl1iem,”A and
iffromlthe piety,vir_tue and va-1our,~the ji1sfi’ce, impar-
tialitjr and firmness, of our! fathers, arid our fornier
administrations,_ We have plerived‘ all we lvafl1ieA- ami
cornirne moraie-¢--tl°1io%3e' Virtluélsia ar1dithiatrap‘i‘e1y, shoulgi
be dear to us, andwarmly cAherish'edA in: our hearts

 and relives.---—eTheseiare ihe*V fou?nAdAatAioAns,A the‘AseA the

pillars, ancllthesei the fortresases‘, of'o1Iri1ibe1‘tiesa~nd
happiness. A V A
And though this be not an occasion for preaching,
yet as it is the proper occasion, and place, for urg-
ing the sounfszleist principles of all your temorall in»

Dfl§W%'fl

tetests ; itis pifoper, it is thy cluty, to 'L1I'g(’:“-----l‘€_ll.glOi'1
was the ”fOL11”1ClELtlOI’1 stone, the he "SiOl1C, and the

capstoiie, of all “those principles. 'lClais is an olcl-A
fa-?tSl’1lO1‘l€'4dyClOCt1“l1‘1€ ; but _ it is to oltl—fashiotietl. clove-«

trines and principl_es,we owe our present pritrilegges,
and the present occasiot"i~—-«Ariel it is from new lash»
ionecl cloctt'it1es,a1id eXpe1"iments., we have already
sufi’ered so much, and in which lies all our clanget;
It islby thesethat all we hold valuable, and sacred,’

lhave been U.t in ieo yard ' and it is actaiost these l
.4 2 b

vmuld guard you, and my country. And l. lmoiv no
other safety than a recur1*etice to those of our pious
and brave ancestors. Their piety and relitgioo were
every where manifest ; in their public as well as pri-«
vate cliaraetersg in their councils, and in their camps,
as well as in their families, and closets. Anti sorry

I am to say, that it is much better lmovm in history v

and tradition, than in the imitation and practice of

their less piotts--«~—-I had almost SELl(;lCl(3gl€’11(31"Ett€, sons;  

y B11t1'.l‘10‘L'Lg‘l1 I speal»: politically, I level Wanraiitetl
in the assertion, that no equivalent can be stibstitu-4
ted : the want of it cannot be S11ppll€'Cl,, in any egos’-
emment ; much less can fit in one so fitee as ours :
for its political imp‘ortatice rises with the freetlom of’
the goveiaiment.   A ‘ ”

Need you a1‘gL1l‘n€11tS on this stthjeeti will you
liear--—-»ai1cl will you beltie‘ve--ml knovv’ you vvilil, the
clyitig counsels anal legacy oi’ your‘ revetecl ‘i?VasiiiL

INGTON P In his liatevvell adclress, that COl'l1pC‘11(li‘tl1‘li1 i
of political WlSClOl”l'I, \Vl‘1l’Cl'1 S'l1OL1lCl be our liaitiilizit

political cifeeci,, £'t‘m'l RS".-3L1Cl1 t.aL1gl1t to out‘ eliiltlten,
he instructs 115., that “ of all the clispositionsl antl hah-

its wliieh ‘eacl to political 1>i*osperity and li3..p';_T)l11Cf!+§S§'i, \

l‘€3llg‘lOi1iEil’lttCl 'moi*ality are ll1Cli;‘p€11Sll;?l€ E$L1‘§'VT}}§_JO'1“[fS‘.
in vain Woulol that man.lel‘aiin the i“tl‘il)Ut€i of patri-
otism, who Sl10jttlCl lal::our to su.hvei"t these g1‘€:21,‘£'p'il"‘-
lats of littmati liappiiiiess, these l'l‘1‘i“§1i{fi:’5iZ’§‘l1‘Op$é1 oi’ the
duties of 1113119 anti of citizens. Tlie rziete politician,

v Q  IA

 

338

equsfijyr with the piseu.s man, 01.1551: te respect and
cherish mean. A volume eo1.1f.~c1 not trsee all their
cezmeetions WEITL1 private and. p:1b3.ie felicity. Lei: it
sim.p§.y be a.sE:ed, vhe1*e is the seeamty for property?
fe1*z"ep11:ts.tion, 2Tfb1*1i1‘»e, if a. sense of 1~e1igio11s obliu
g'?.'£§O.l"1 desert the cafes which are the :i_ns*e:ume1:ra:s of

~i&u*v*estigeatio11 in eoxmzs of justice? And let us with

Ca.L1tioni11du1ge-the sujg»positio11 that 1‘no1*z¢}.:kt:y* can be
maimained wrlth ut 1°e}igion. VVha1:exrer maybe con»-
ceded to the i11fluence of refined edltzcation, cm minds
«of pecxfliar struetme, i'ea.s011 and e:<pe1*f.:.ence b0‘a.r,h
fozifld us ta expeeet that 11a.{io11‘a.1 1':~:1o1*a1i.ty can be
1'.e..imt3,ined, in e;;-zelusien of_1“e1?giees p1*irzcip1e.” 7
:01‘ me to attexnpet further ehicifiatien or arguu
::ment,eWe1"e a2*1*oga11tindeed. I wvill Q1113’ ad:':3. my
feweeet p1"2e.';3«"  mat theirp1*ope1* weight am. izrfluence
 be feii, and p1*a.et§.ea11y evi. eed, th1°eL1g11out
*s;:«.* country‘. To assemble an an oeeasien like fiche
p1*esen’:, to.1*eec:»um‘ sand 3:e_;To:'ace in the bhessings we
extajeyg 1:0 lament and learn Wisdom team or.1r11a«»
130113’: {allies and e1‘mm*s ; and to sepe1*a.te, svithoazt
netieing our 1'e*em eE12;:‘1ge of 2.c3Imi11i.s‘t1*stion, s;7.ma~
tien, and p1‘ospem;.s, ‘V-.roL11d be bath u11g1“ate;€5'L:.1 and
ur.-just. U11g1*atefL1Eto the Sup1*eme SoV*e1“eig11 of

the Unive1*sse, who governetll the aI"f9.ie1‘ss 0:6‘ znations ‘V

.scco1*ding to the councils esfhis own will ; and over-
1'u§.e*z11 they fofiy zmd mac"iness of 12.113 to the eeeoxnw
jgflisizizaeaat of his own fgmcious purposes, a11db1~§.1*ngeti1
 uee:x:peeted ‘good eL1tefhe_pe forboziixzg evil : and
it is hurt ‘gtuseee ‘tea sew‘ p:a:es::—:+m: .”£73;L-"fi.‘§L§1iT)1}3.1 Cizief Mag.

Id

 {<3 give, em‘   eerdisl ?e1Q:i?1*0.b£it.:iO11 of
‘$113? ,.1‘1*;.1£_)E‘£f§ 332*-;3::s§e:»‘iLi'£2.1cfie wxrfeh W]5i”:;ie};1 he  m.e‘i:
 e<;w11.eiT§i.a2:er;.r   C«1'em‘: R>3.“"itZ:13:3fl, smd his
zezradjy e:ee2:*1;iem3 "fie  ‘£h»iE}.‘::”3 effeemai sa,11de~sper-»-
my

4.
'T%’_‘s..e... 3.,» _s we * _ ,=:.‘j,,_. , ::,,.., 2, 4,. A ,
.22. t:.&n1m. I118, C[1€Y»€,.4_~...*i‘ff3 S,.u.;£‘,L1a;:;.:‘,’ ax’-

, .
V, U’  A
“VG?” Owl ik; T""- T“~“'i"; J"7l“‘ er?" 7% “ix” 2 ~"=**" 1 +~~_. 1.”:
J J. ,1 U. 34.:-: £J1Ofr3i...-C~.4.:> ;4.,;,fl.e/'1'} 110331 Out; dz. (iuep
‘_.'14"§1?:w"‘?.“l.;'r"F“'€:-‘:.|\:"'  r2l'n“§E“x ’?1“‘5:“'3s’Z‘(7 -r-Q .r-»'~.~"-.(‘: ((3,-‘\‘§‘41f' 1"  ‘f -sgzxn -‘£r,..
».,..-*.-..«:. -531... _..L L 1.;..-aw. D-!—JLJ‘:g~l%‘I;“'V€i"\£|‘”“’ dixu ..MJu..:a.. Lo .;.5k.&l»..«.'i.L V;.*
‘J

19

your active sails are agaizt vvhitetfittg almost everjr
sea 3 alrezztdy the busy hzmttner of industry begins to
“beat briskly its long forgotten music to its master’s
eat‘, with SW66: promise of coro.fort and competence;
and on the brow of every class of citizens sits stnilw
ittg gratttlatiort, and cheerful ltopesa.

That the friends ofthe tatte administration should
ChaH€1’1g«':2'fl'1t3 merit of our present 1*ejoici11g and
hopes, is like the boost of an Ltttskilfoi pilot, who
having throttglt ignort-t.11ce, or for eztpetiment, run
the ship ttpott b1*ea.1«t.ers, ztnd WCH nigh made W1‘eck
of her, shottld abandon her to the buffetittgs of winds
and waves, under a successor; yet when by the
more skiifttl and fai~t11‘ft11 exertions of the crew, she
is at last rei'tevet1 from her distress ttnci dat,t1ge1*s,
and with her new pilot  helm, 1“i(lt3S safe and pt"<):»-
perous, bet"ot*e the f2tvo‘Lz.ring gale, to the joy El1"1d1‘£:..
joicittg of her c1'ew, the ztormet pilot should boast
that to his superior skill and fidelity they owe their
present safety and joy. It Would., it1de..ed, in one
'ric_=:w be the ground of them‘ rejoicing; i.I1aSmL1C}1 t-'t.*?~3
safety zmd ease are realized Etfld *ra1t;.e‘d by the t.oiis
and <i‘.m1ge1's from which We h9;V€ escaped. r‘tn.t3§.
tsltchgélnd. such only, is the merit of the latte ad»
It‘.:‘1iI1i5i1”a"EiQ11 in our present joys and hopes. Tine
‘ptrittte cau_s.e, indeed, by ht.-zving phtttgecl US fimto dis»
tress z-md jeo‘pat*dy'. M7 e h&1‘V€ the evidence of the
ttta,t1ggu1*a1 attdress of 1803;, of the then hzgtppiness of
our eountry, “ in the full tide of sttceessful expcriw
mertt.” “We have the irresistible convictions of our
own experience of distressing ttuctl rttinot.':.s expert.»
tttents, frottt tth;-1t time to 1809,. "fitese (fit-3t1*esses
and pending mitt enltindied, in the breztsts of their
zsorts, the spirit <T;1*§.'~ ou1tt‘zttt}'1erst ;y tztttd the tnattty alto;
”§ZC“t‘tfH3€i1“Et’E€, yet §."3if§3E“: ZMIC1 ittdepetttdettt petitions, rem
i!t1t)I"2St1‘afl.C€iS,' ztttd 1*eAst)1tfes of :1 sLtt'tet“i11g a.11d;_:-a-
tient, yet bold ttttel t:111igE‘ttet1eci people, p1*c;z cured in
our tttt.'tio1m1 coLt.t1o3;1s am i“?~‘¥~33,I}.C§.'(511t11.€11“t at that '_fQEt1“%

20

tial policy, which had levelled all its coercive and
‘restrictive batteries against one of the hellige1'ents
only 5 and pointed them equally against both,
And to this constrained profession of impartiality
are we indehted for those conciliatory overtures,
‘trhiclt the good sense and Ca..I1ClOl.lI"Ol‘ Mr. Manzsoi-t
has embraced and cherishes, and in the relief and

iiopening prospects ofwhich we now rejoice and hope.

rlihis canzlottr and p1‘Ol‘t1Pliil.1Cl.€ of Mr. hhnisoit
we both approve, and receive as an earnest of his
.‘i11d€p€i1C.l{’:11CC and impartiality. So far as these and
other principles of the VVashington school, may
govern his administration, he will secure the Welfare
and honour of his country, and the approbation lot"
his countryrn.en. But our duty is while We give all
credit, to give also all heed and diligence ; that we
sink not into easy cretlulity and deception, negli-»
gence and min. A

nut while we “ hlame where we tnnst,” We will
“ he candid where we can 2” and while we slninh-er
not on our posts, we will indulge the fond hope that
those old tasltioned principles of religion and morality,
and ofevery pnhlicl: and private vitttue--——which first
hore our ancestors from intolerant persecution, to
this then wilderness asylum; which anintatecl and
supported our fathers through their manly resistance
of tyrannical oppression, and here them to victory
and independence ; and which established and reared
our nation to Wealth, honour, and happiness--~—--that
these principles will once more be b1*ottg*ht into pram-
tice and credit; to the honour and happiness ofall
who shall thus cherish them; and to the returning
and increasing honour, and happiness, and safety"
of our country. Arid in this hope we will clevoutlfr
commit our cotintryfand its interests, our rulers and
ourselves, to that SULp1‘e3me and. {Gracious Sotret*eign,

who hath ggiveti us a narne, anti  rat‘1l;, attioitg the
“nations l-oi‘ the earth, *