i mo:iooiowod~too API 0UR,1ER—-~~--~-E. READ AND A SPEECH HON. HORATIO SEYMOUR 1.; V'-?V GIROULA7 OF THE AT SPRINGFIELD: MASS, JULY 4, 1856. BUFFALO, SEPTEMISER dim, 1856. THE DEMOCIlA'I‘I(3 THEORY OF‘ (HIJVEIRNMENT. For the purpose of standing upon the soil of Massuchilsetts, to defend the principles of O11I‘pa1‘- ty and the honor and interests of our whole coun- try, I declined the invitations to meet on this day the Democrac of Philadelphia, exciting in the nomination o Mr. Buchanan, or to unite with thousands who cluster around the time-honored Halls of St. ’.ll."o.rnn1an,y in the city of New York. p In a rent battle, we love to stiend wlie1*et)11:rranks are t innest, and our opponents muster in their mi ht. We seek out the adversaries of religious on political freedom in tlieir strongholds, and we raise the stecndarcl of our U niou where section- al j calousy, bigotry and hate are most rife. I honor those who have stood up Inanfully in this , fate against the overwhelming numbers of the advocates of Alien and Sedition laws; agnilnst th so who preached and practised treason in the last war with Great Britain; against’ those who pro. ed that our armies in Mexico might be met wit 1 blood handsand hospitable graves; against those who ave ersecnted defenceless women for their religious Baith; against those whose chief effort at this time, is to teach one half of our com- mon country to hate the other l:1nli'. I have late- ly been upon the shores of the Great Lakes at the North, upon the banks of the Missrissippi at the West, in the valley of the Potomac at the South, and upon the margin of the Hudson in New York, and it ivosme pleasure to say to you who live slongrt o course of the Connecticut, and amid the hills of New England, that but one sentiment a zziuietes the great national party to which we be- long; and to tell you, the true mean of Massachu- setts, that llOVV3Vi‘fiI,fiI'.I1R«l1 your numbers may be 11 me, that you belong to a. brotherhood who, like yourselves, love our whole country, and who are strong; euo»o,o;l1 to (lefeud it against either fo1'cl,o;11 cesatilt or v;loun-stic treason “ ‘lVo rm-wt upon it «.l:i_v lluivll»; (111.1:-:1...-l‘l.n;1‘ wit..l‘I mt‘:- aI:xima.to11s upon this V L from thethlorth, the West, and the Sent‘ 1, to res? cue Boston from hostile hands, eml to drive de- stroying orluies from the soil of Massachusetts, could have ‘heard, in anticipation, our words tell- ing of the greatness of our counctry, end of our devotion to its reservation, their hearts would have thrilled with 1 joy and pride. If, on the other hand, their hearing‘ had been cursed bythe ap- peals to Passion and prejudice, which are made, even now, in n neighboring assemblage, how would that patriotic array have been struck down by the ‘base ingratitude! The stron , heart of ‘Veslnngton would have given way as he listened to the reviliugs of his native, State and of the do- scendants of those who had followed him from V irginie, to peril their lives For thisfitete in the day of its trial and distress. , , . \ At this time our country is convulsed with moral disorders, with a religious dissonsions and political cg-itations. Dcnuucintory language and violent conduct disorace: our national capitol»-— hfost of the great rodigions denominations are dis Vlfilfitll glare across nsectionsl line with fierce hatwirwlthholdingifrom eech other the charity and nttesies which they extend to their cos-roli-:r ofromofcreign lands. g;A,nothot*. tiodnhich it oer,cos.ntr;y,togetl1er,;hae,been . _ ‘ ‘ H, ~_ u ‘ disbanded, and fioxn its ruins has spmng a. politi- cal onganicatrion trusting for its success to see- tional prejudices. i- It excludes from its councils the people of nearl one half the Union; it seeks a trium uh overone alf our count: , The battle- fields ct Yorktown, of Camden, o New Orleans, are unrepresented in their conventions, and no delegates s oak L for the States , Where rest the re- mains of V cshillgton, Jefferson, Marion, Sump- texj, or Morgan, or of the later hero, J aclcson.—- They cherish more bitter hatred of‘ their own cou11trymcn,thaI1 they have ever shown towards the enemies of our land. If the language they hold this day had been used eighty iyears since, we should not have thrown off‘ the British yoke. L Our‘ national constitution would not have been formed, and if their spirit of hatred continues, our constitution and government, will cease to exist. Let us, with earnest patriotism, enquire into i the causes of these evils,*and see how far they are produced by erroneous political principles.—- s Wed I shall niche no imputations upon motives. will leave it to others tea pea} to prejudice.--» With us it shall he a calm iscussion of principle. a We: will not attempt to judge of parties or corn- inunities by the conduct of individuals, or to dew ‘ cido if Mr. Brooks or Mr. Frernont are to be held 1,, as rtiffiaris because they have been excited to acts of violence. by words used in Senatorial do-p bate. c i [he moral, religious and political evils of the day are the inevitable crxnseqticnces of the'pr1nci- , pics heldlsy our adversaries, end will always fol‘- low every attempt to carry them into practice.-— Uponthe other hand, adherence to the principles oftlie id’cmocru.tic sporty has ever advanced the honor of’ our country, the prosperity of society, end the cause of religion, morality and good or- «:ie‘r. ‘What are the underlying‘ causes which pro- duce such op11osit,o results‘! i 'l‘lm .l”lot111o(,:l‘:1iic l.l1oorytu‘l~:es away control liiyilll vomml ]ml11l:~1 and £lis§:1'ilnittos it to the vari- — “‘ ' ,1‘ ,g,,C£31,1J4t::5l},,l,l.Ll.u1'C«:5l(,*tl me its when i‘ ;_. l1it6tfi€:l,}131'6,Wh.lGh nzilljar with the meal e-ctiotisl chonflfih-~e ,3¥¢}3Q~« ‘IRRQBPS at,!3W1'Y , man 5 of the past. c If those who, eighty years or 1L \ , shiufe, or the political power that , concerns: Ehim i" Ti fields: it to the Icuiotcr legislative bodies in diiiniinishixig‘ pro- portions as they recede ' from the direct influence and action of the people. The principle ofself-gov,» eminent is not the more tlemaigog-uJ‘cal idea that the people, in their C0ll£:(’.tlW3 capacity, are en, dowed with n wisdoiu, patriotism and virtuoso- perior to their individua cliaracters. i,The people as a society are virmons or as vicious, as intel-i ligentor ignor.:xnt, as breve or as cowardly, as the persons who compose it. The great theory of local self-govcrntnont under which our country is,e.xpancliur itself over a continent, without, be- coming vv'o:;lls: by its czctcnsion, is founded on these pro :-ositions. That government is, i most wise, whic is in the hundsof these best inform; . ed obout the.-pa.rticu.lar questions on which they legislate; rnosteconomical,undhonest, when eon-- , trolled by thoec most interested in _ reserving fru- golity and virtue; rneststroog, _ , , , ercises authorit which is lD&r1i‘.fi(3ial,l.11 .138 c;.(=t.1Q13 to ;theg'ov»cm; . These. are obvious e~uc1§s.but hewfare they to bomflalélsl 501‘ Prégctioel, lpurposesi It is in theoeeiemsf 9‘??? I31- ciitntiooe consists-its ,i In t,hezr,,pms*e‘ss, they are develo ing truths 3°‘ to only (l£5a.ppoiB.hod~ or etc it, ouly,ex- 2 di ggl gated theppfeorelof our friends, but give ire. L mtele n: thetttutorepoilslitoh greatness and oitri Liza. tion he the world has never seen. The legislation which most affects us is loan] in its olxareerter. The good order of eooiet , the pro tection of our lives and our property, t e promo- tion of religion and learning, the onf‘oreement of statutes, or the llpllflldlllg‘ the unwritten lows of juet moral restraints, mainly depend upon the virtue and wisdom of the inllahiotonts of townships. Upon such questions, so for as they portion- larly concern themselves, the people of the towns are more intelligent and more intoreetecl time those outside of thoirlimite eon be for them. The wieeet eteteemarn living and acting out the city of Washington, cannot understand these affairs, nor eon they conduct them as well as the citizens upon the ground. ‘What is truelof one town, is true of the other ten thousand towns in the United States. Whlifl we shell have fifty thousand towns, this eyetem of government will in no degree he- como overloaded or c.o1:nplioatedL. There willl be no more then for each citizen to do than noW.--- Oer towntofioere in the egg-rewrote are more im- portant then“ Coogreeemen or genettors. Hence the importance to our government of religion, morality and education, which enlighten and purify the governed endt the governor at the some time, end which must ever constitute the best so- euritiee for the advancement and happiness of our connttyjt ‘The next organization in order and importance, are hoards of county ofioers, who control questions of a local ehareeter, hut o.fi"ect- ing more than theinhebitonte of single towns.-— Theppleople? of peieeh count are more intelligent, and more interested in we at concerns their own affeire. than aoityiernonnttof wisdom, or of patrio- tiem, outside o it. The aggregate transactions of‘ our supervisors are more important than those of‘ our State Logieloture. VWhen we heveeeour- ed good overnment in towns and counties, most of the objects of tovemmentLe1L'fi- eix‘fied.‘L In the o mending scale o rank, in the descending scale of importance, is the Legislature, which is, or should he, lirzoited to State ofihirs. Its greatest Wisdom is shown by the smallest etnount of le - ielation, ond itoetroup est oloirns for gretitu e Our general? grow out of what it does not do. government is retnarkeble for being the reverse of every other system, Instead of being the source of authority, it only receives the remnant of power after all that oonoerne town, county and State jurisdictions has been distributed. Ito jun- isdsetion, although confined within narrow limite, is of great dignity, for it concerns our national honor, and provides for the national defence. We make this head of L our system etron , when we oonfioeite station to those objects W ioh are of eneral interest and value, and prevent its inter~ erenoo with subjects upon which it cannot act with a duo degree of iotelli once. If our gener- al government had the legie native power, which is now divided between town; county and State jurisdiction, its ettem to at their exercise would shiver it into atoms; f it was oonipoeéd of the -‘wisest and purest 1mm tllo world ::w-1‘ .~su.w, it could not understand all the Varied lIll;C3l‘i'¥SlS of rt land as wide as all Europe, and with as great a diversity of climate, soil, and eooial condition.-— The welfare of the several communities woulclbe sacrificed to the ignorance or prejudices of those who had no direct concern in the laws they int»- poaed upon others. Under our system of e r gov- effiment, the right to interfere is less than the die» oeition money show to meddle with whet they do not understand; and over every section of i our great countryt. there are local jurisdictions, famil- iar with their wants, and interested in doing what is for the right; It required eelv-en €‘;el1tl1‘l‘1€*S to reform palpable wrongs in enlightened Bri‘tai.n, simply eoeuee the towers of its government, oorioeotretetl in Par iement, were for reinoved from the suderxnge hind Zl!1_]‘l,tl‘l&S those wrongs one oztsioned, ‘Under our oinetitotione, evils are at oooe removed, when iotelligenoet and virtue have shrxxo in their lighte to the eomommia tiee ’i‘njjwh‘iLehLLtheypexiet. intelleigeneo. virtue : and are thus t potential, let us rely upon thetnee the geeielieinnoeooee whioh will induce manta it¥}t§o»o't*ilo whieli eoeunther there; .3 A andgnot reeojrtt at rtioeiotgmoddlin , howling doohnteietio t ~ t which prompt individuals eoodjooteaooettiee to draw the folds of I E I oea ettvernmeot, ingnot upon the idea that t one theory hooded It people are neces- rfor oer political oxortione, the oomtooo «L eerily virtuous and intelligent, but it aétéfiopte to ” ties! The %reee.teet ohoin of:itfroohornte1; Lehee up- i V on the igloo “ bathe tie and Pacific wash its eastern and western shores, and its southern borders‘ upon the g*reot‘iModitérr'a:nean Son of‘ llfloxiro. 0lllT'p0ll(fV of p;over1nm:1it by looolitioe meets every loodlt want of this vast region; it gives energy, enter;-e. ')I‘lS(3 and freedom to each ootnrnunity, no matter ow remote or small. And this ie doneeo reediu 1 and so peaceably that the prooeeettreeemhlen» t e poet end benetieent operations of nemre.-—~ See ow it tells up on the individual citizen; how it developeo man hood; how it makee our whole ‘lend instinct with ener yond virtue. . In the * world's history no eooheaghibitions have ever been L made ofintelleetnel vigor; power and enterpriee,. as are now To shown by theeeoommeroiel men of these United States, or by iimerdoeme its ag... grieultoriets. These aro owing Ltoithe . rinoiplee of‘ local oelf-is oovernment and freedom ‘on iodiwedtu-e-i al a.otioe.p ooh than understands in is own efleire, end ehettegoyie to he fsreed from legislative interfereneeet in hen all men eonoede totothero» wthht they thus ask for thoemeolveei the demooretie Q policy "Will have no oppoeeret. oeperrty, we urea» geotllegieletivee legerdemoin. We have but one petition to our low-maheio--it ie, to he let alone. or have one relianee for goodgovernmentt, the L.‘ intelligence of the people; ; one sour-on of wealth, the honest, thinking labor of om“ country; one hope for our worhsht»pe;the skill of ourlmeehtona ice; one ioipulee for our oomneeroe. the t.ontram- melod enterprise of our merohento; one rerun for rolievils, roligioue edneetion; ohe on o our great and glorious country. L; show thioewit is proved , day. ,WcL have polit.ico.l mcddliog with morcls in L coercive temperance lows; political moddlio with religion in Know Nothingimgn and divide: L \L;choLrch,cs;L~L political mcddling with rights of local llglgiolotioci by tho Rcpuhlicoo party. They each ‘L s Lfi*omL ll co:Lo:oLoi1L $t%?lLll.ll31€*lll§. The man of f :o,L‘SouthL who stixpports Know Nothingism, up-L hols tho c,Lp.iritLot LbigotrLy which calls Republican»- "to the coostitutiorial compact. LtholL, Lo clcctotal L that “tho L away with iLncqoh.liLty, thcianswcr would be, LL that Litwwcs tholwisc policy oi‘ Loot coootitution to L Ljuphold fstctcpisovcreigotico; Vpthottho organization o it ho tolcrotcd for Lot LL LL.p,ort=.ion ofpowcxbccoméctgrcotcr cachyoci. cot of tlic new states loco. each’ of themL1ono:Lfit for L %fl5i?L9¥fi0Lfl E‘Q;1Lia1t£¥Lthc““cg-ggrcgcltc of thooix Now L 3 THE M1:noLINo 'rmL:oRY on GOVERNMENT. ooiom to tho Democratic crccd of lo- cal and in ividoal freedom, there. has always ox- L, istcd a pragmatic LQl‘.g?8.I1lZé1.tlOIl,‘V§’l1i(:l1 under dif- L Lfcrcxitnamcs has sought to build up a. system of‘ political meddling. Its purposes only have been L good; its claims have hccn high toned and ox- ccting. Constantly dcfcatcd by the results of its crroncooo principles, its instincts lo L (:1 it to renew its attempts at power by new PI‘()j€}Cl3S. It is as confident and as dcouooiatory to-day, do when it sought to uphold National Banks and High Tor- L ifis. LLIt1L1ow claims the exclusive championship of morals, roligion and liberty, as it poncc did the guardianslzip of tho lzioaoccs cod iLnd11stryL of the cotmtry. ’~c clcny that tho meddling system of 1 olitics is favorable to morals, rcli ion or liberty. ” p iotory proves the contrary. It as ever been the hpcooiof cach. Itphcs always furnished tho protects tyrants. pp The fircs of bigotry, tho iron. rule of ppdcopots, the lccdcn. weight of Ligno- raocc a.1:idL degradation, came from pragmatioal L doctrines. L « _ ;PolitiLco.l.L meddling has done nothing foLrrc1l— gun hcrc. It ha.sLL hung Qookcrcwit pcrsocutcd L ogcr Williomas»-+i.t hac drivcn pious womcoioto ‘* cxilc——itLho.oL med to uphold a thcocracy in New England»-L5-Lit has divided the church of our lcodm L it,hoo.ccLosod[pbittcr Looctioncl hate. ItL_ho.c done no good. hood not back into the past to the qucctlono of tho ii ism LiL1;x;c;o Loxistcoclc. The man of foreign birth who aids the attempt to dicfrsmchicc tho cimi-— gra:oLtLLLto .thic1L west, will find that ltcis I;oL.hori11Lg to LL tako ctvay tho right of citicenship fromthc emit. grant l'ro_mthLc?j caotcm wlorld. Ho who intorfcrco with thoso a thousand miles away, must not ob- jLcctLLL_to tl1oiotcrLo1cddlihg of his neighbors with hiLLsL,«:loLmcoLtic or plcrsonLalLo.fi‘o.irs. Thooc who foo Lthcj_,fircs of fcnoticisoi in any of its foro:xo,.will find thcitLhomcoLii1vLLadcd by its :flamcc;. “ L It is Lrcma,rka.hlc that the d.octrinc of local self’- govcrnnlcnt is moot bitterly assailed in some of L, tho New England Sitctes, which owop their politi- L éLcolL power to this principle. ,Equa,l L‘ lreprcccotaa LL l§_ioopi?o‘LgLivcn to coch Stotcin tho Scfihtc, the ‘most »LLlLlI1pOI‘ltEtI1llplf)TB.I1(3l1 of the fcdcral caystcm, for it has LL not only tho low-making powcr in common with tho House of Rcprcscntotives, but also the pow- or to coofirto ttcctics. (which are Sl1pl’§Tl0l‘l30l£lW$g) _f_ap..od,Lto rcstrailn tho Executive by rejecting oficiai LLLappointrocnts.L Tho Scoato holds iochcck cvcry Lothcr department of government. “ If N cw Eng-lcnd wasoskod to give up its dis- p1*opo1*tio1fl.o.tc power on the Sct1atc,it would point Then let New England see that the compact is respcc'tcd’whorc it gives as welloo where it takes. L opolotioo loos ‘thou. that of, Low Lt1Lglaodha.c ton TSeI'IL£!§t()T“S and too Lotco bcyond its proportionate share. and Ldonotitxition Shoal he amcndcd to do York, Now ‘I19 iScnatc who LLdcsigocdLL to LprLovcotL intLcrfcc- coco’ with local choirs by thcgcucral g‘()‘t’LeI'L!TlLiI1?EI1t3 that L1*cpL:fcccntotion‘L hy States { LW$.$L intended to Jocep .oliiccLLthc pri§L:1cipl§SLcLLf Llocttl o‘cll3=govcmmcnt LL'WLL;For thooc foh:oc1‘;iLoLL tho sooolstctcs LL icrc allctccd c L ‘L : ;lLioppropoftiotictcL ohcrc of pGWE%1?'LiII LtheLScI1at*c.--- L L owiomu: thcooj, rcccLo11s,‘thcL Ldiopority would he iLntoloro.hlc.L But the tpoLwcrL woo Lgivenonly for L.&l‘cooive,L not for “csoicc. purposes. orjwill Lcr ptfl’rpoccLsL.L ‘ Tho dis ‘roa- ood Stotos. Mcoy mm for cxcccrlLthat LL ,LciLhoLootl.LLiLLLIo a foot ycoto Lthciywill» fillLopLLwith opulhtioil, while your‘ httmhorcwill not iocrcasc. f o meddling policy ic‘ to prevail in our country, * on onduc sharcL of powcr -foot ho allowcd.--——- LL -,Your tcm.Loto.L cod ocqoostotcd Lpositioto, touching tho. root of the Union only on the orders ofcw Karo, will lo “loco L your iofl ooncc. ’.l3hoL;p,ri:ociplo of intcrforcooc'mo.y ho brought‘ homo to you, and dcfooccL yoovvillLbo.Lootope1lodptoLL. him tho It it tvasi or oil principles of local self-govcmmcnt and State righto, which has Lcvor boom the crecdof tho dem- ocratic LYct, blind. to those considcmtiopo tho logiolotors of this StcteLhavc been violent in their o.otio1:1Lagc.inst tho principlclof loca.lL sover- cigoty, which alone give it Lpower, and most do- clamatory ogaint the compromisc of the 001381;}- tution, which alone givoit ioflucncc, for tlilc whole number of the-. citizens is only equclpto tho aontxol i:oo.roo.sc in the populatlon of the United States. : l J COERCILVE TEML¥I3R.AIL~TC‘§‘E LAW. _ I will present for your consicl‘crationL tho differ-L cot lxooco of this: spirit of political intorforcncc. VVol1o.vc forced upon us in rncoy, not the Stotco a. coercive tcmporanLce law, whichis cloirnod by its cdvocctcs to he Lo new aml certain rcmcdy for most of the evils which Lafiect society, but which is on oft repeated and always fotilc'cfiL'ort to ex- tend tho joricdicti,oLn of ctctultory laws beyond their proper hounds. L LL ‘Rho objections to thic moasorc are two-lL‘oLLld.——- It Lviolotcs. constitutional laws,L it willin- crccso tho cvilo it claims to aholic; L Atthis timc many cpcah lightly of constitutional l.aL~w.L They are impoticnt that their pccolicr views are chock- ed by its bcrricro, not locating inLmindLjthat it is their only scthgocrd ogcinot 11nj1::ctLor hasty log- iclo.tioo,Lcfi‘octiog thcir lisvco, thLcir liLbcrticc and their righto of conocimcc. Wc arc Lmado frcc by written constitutions restraining majoritics and protecting miooritics, cod forbidding tho lcgislar tors f'romLLtot:1chioga single right of a siogloL oiti-L zen. L In thoso days of lcgislctivc encroachment ondlcgiclotivc corruption, it is tho duty of ovary citizco to uphold constitt1Ltionc.lla.w. It is stxongc that those who dcmaml rcopcot for coercive tem- pcrancc lows ‘should show contempt for the more. oacrod ohLligotiooo of constitutions-«-that those who call For submission to lo Lislctico L enactments dcoooncc cod r‘cvil.c the hig or decision of jodi~ cicl tribunals. Tho objcctioncto this lcgiolotion am of the gravest kind. It is not merely against drinking, but against thinking. .ILtLio a. more pro- Lccdcot full of evil. cmiocnt clcrg‘yI‘oc.n as o. “lacy philcntliro 3,2‘ which trico to got rid of tho duties of life hy doclaringf its cvilo arc abolished hy act of Logis- loturc.” L L Its first and grcctcst mischief is the dcmorali- cation and disorgmiization of tlcmpcraoco cflorts.‘ No ccuoc can rcccwc a blow mozro deadly than that which dogradco the passLions and motives of its advocates. Tho cflL‘ot‘ts of those engaged in promoting tompcmncc by reason and persuasion, were “twice hlcoscd.” They cnlcrgc their own intellect, and improve their own characters, whilc thcy ioflucoccd and hcocfittcd othcro. Bot when the law gives thcm powcr over thcir fallow moo, poor lloxnori nature shows its wontcd wealt- ncss. Pride and passion are aroused, and pro- vokc 1‘cSiotao.cc whore pcrsuasioo liac hcrctoforc prcvoilccl. I do not mc:sm to ‘orggo o;r:1i11.ct tllis Imtaou-to that in LLLucwocLth,cL.LLadvocotos or iLml is crcot fricndo, but that its tendency is to arouse had passions in the breasts of mc:nL{LwLho hovc horo- tofogic boon homjc.:oo7LL;LL the L powcd which itgivesthcmcovor the cotoocicilccs o.od,cctio11s of others, creates a. vindictive spirit ophtllic coo hand c.:odL calls forth rocistancc on. the o Lcir. L L L L What on tho cfihcto on the mihds of £6,013 Inch when lcxcitcd b the idea. of coercion They hccoL:noi11fico1c L with passion, and iLodulgLLc in riccklcosp cocortions against t3llt?l!‘€l.£3tE!r~:-flllll itnpo-« tationo against motive-—+o,od,:Lflippant Ldcl1u,i1ciaLL' tionc of judicial decisions. Those po.ss,io;1.ohavc hcco exhibooo oven in tho, pul‘pit, and tccchcro of a meek charitable rcliL*ioriL,L cdopt thcycry loogilagc of the cocmiecof its authorp. wilchldcu noonciog “men as wine;-hibhcro aodppfticnds of pttblicoos cod sinners. It is hard to l;iLelicLi%e when listening to their invcctivcs,_tho.tL they are soo- vontss of Him who was thus rcvilLcd«hocc.iihc L lilo Lpropoccd to do away withLthc Iowa which t?cotrain- cd the cctionooif L.cn, and toL~i:ot1*odt1¢‘.te.LLi11‘Lthoir plocc Ltho princi lcs which purify thcL—,hcc:rtL.o and motivos. The tatutc givio them .poL.LLwcr; Lover their follow men. lLikoL,Ithm~ic his car, touches the love of power l11rki3ogLLi;:1 tho Lfcart; ‘of all, and cvil spirits spring into full force _Lo.nd;.ctatum.. Tho reasoning urged by thoL.ad}coc+.:otcs ofithis Lstc-tlutc isthio : “IntompLcraoco at: cvil.L lit is the dctyj of government to ouppccos Lcvilo; LLL,thcro- forc, a cocrcovo law is right.” :LLLL’I‘.hic ovil;cfic;—coocc~ ded,Lonc mat who £oel its L 273 .; ni.tudoL~ohc1notL and It is wcll doscribcil by an i leaped? in order to mac L which has heretoforocfiailed. In oithcr ovcut, its - advocates are hastyin vilifying those who doubt evil it claims toroot out. * who*‘havc‘la.borcd long and-sacrifice -much for * fuse tmbooomo litically subsorvicn-to ‘Mon out of s * mo tip orl~-politicallyé iu*~thoirsorrug-:. * ‘i?aflt8g%* *hhruiw~th,e,otmaistoutLL I, boncvoicntoutcrprise mien into! slrwhioh dcfangess them with ides that-they arc: ~ ‘ bocaoaos Whey ‘fiffildfinuflcifi-h01y2“ r »'5l‘»hof \ c and thcsthou core, judges nounco t e use of wine and crimo, when speak- s L ing with all the solcrnnitics of-ofi;lciul,statiou, com, b they show by their constant intercourse with am‘ 4: notconscutto bony mcscuros wl1ich_pinclreaso Lit. . But wo"must not stop with depicting these evils in glowing and exciting terms. The great question is this : Is coercion a rightfuland cifcci »tual remedy to This ucstion. is usually over- use douunciatory excr- cises. i Tho i~amc'dy.is eithcra new one, or one’ its cficacy. Tho. arguments upon which it is founded have caused most of the political, social, cud roli 'ous_ ovils which oppress Wma..ukiud.-- Those w 0 hold or usurp power, are worn; to say that they deem heresy, or mfidclit , or dangerous" habits of thinking freely, are cvilh, and thatpit is the duty of 9. state; torcmovo ovilg, and, therefore ’ the may punish pit , ‘ ., A as rcedom of drinking. Q In_§pa.l1;thos*c..;§a;ocs tjhc real uostiou is Ovjfiflfiflkfidn” What are the right reino ics? ‘ i L W LL __ The bad cfiocts of this low upon itsoadvocotes have been sccmxo; Anothcrs obcctiou is, that it creates». spiritrcsistauco which increases tho This fact is shown by the experience of difibrcnt pcriods in the world's history. L The use of particular narcotics amongst most notions, has been confirmed by efforts to suppress their consumption by force. The cause of Temperance was irresistible in the State of Maine, while it was upheld by rea- son. and persuasion. It was broken down by leg- islation. The authors of the bill, in the narrow- ncss of their intellect, could not see that truth was stronger than statutes. We are o.dviscd.by commercial men, and by tho Missionary Journals . of China, that the attempt to put down the use of Opium by force, has been followed by the greatest social, moral, and political evils. There, as here, a dead law is like a dead limb upon a living mun ; it must be cut oil’, or it will carry dc- cuy and corruption into every art of the sys- tem. The mischicfs which we ‘c-gin to feel, are thcro developed to their full extent, and he who will trace thcm thcrcpu all their influences, will ho startled to,find*bow great are the wrongs which grow out of L, mistaken principles of legislation, although prompt-cd by’ good motives.) The concealed currents ofvicc, like under cur- rerntsof water, are mono insidious and destruc- tive.‘ -At time, the Maine law in several States convcrts a dangerous, and in many cir- « oumstanccs a destructive habit of drinking in.- toxicating liqnors «into one more dangerous and pernicious, for it suporcdds the moannhcssof con- cealment, and tho dcuioralization of hypoofisy.-y It also makos it more dificult to at ply:;tlmclyLl corrcctivcs to .. Yfhu-LLc:in11ot‘ warn against the seductive ho.-bit, without first convicting of an unlawful and secrct—practice.--}- In the meantime the taste has become irresistible; Prohibitory laws have not prevented: Lthoy havoc-‘nmdc it:mmc.hmtfu1 :by.iutnoduq1ng?:, 11utLrutlif11l pl"L'l(.‘.'{lL.I~3 for its u.~.'.r.~L. Let the :ltl‘»'0('£ll3I;'H of i(:Il‘l}iIr'l‘:1llc‘t?: stm what sptrit this cnactnlent. has cfnvokcd. 13 this the day of triumph for their cauisc ".7 Persuasion re- quires virtue, ability and sincerity. Coercive laws are: boat enforced by the violent, vindictive and base. Hcnco those are now taking the lead. They even show 3 malignant hostilit to those tho objocto they claim to have in view if they re- into n I m1d-- i V hmdfié of thosoifictodiwiith a ‘*vinvdict‘iveLphila:1th1*opy,?’~~ L _ pg-htfnl by moo; rs: L the dolinum tremcns pf £a:nati‘cis,m,v w o cmcil the“ most sacred aficoo or see foul sot-Lpents upon tho, dacmmcptal altar, infusing-rthcir venom into. tho-nsacrod clo- monts, and hissing amid tho oolomuitios of the The terms of the law go beyond the senti- ment of all classes, and cause. a cousto.ntLiucon-p aistoucy of ion and. action. IPub1ifcLofi- , an clergyman, are compelled to de- investcd with the sacrcdnossv Lot? pulpit. »fYot religion‘; who . this is a. formal language, 9. mockery, al compli- ance with the terms of law whichlall feel to be untrue. * — or c v‘ ~ * t" The vital principle of the Christian religion is persuasiomiuo position to restraints. It makes temperance an pull other virtues something pos- itiw. It aims to make men unwilling, not una- ble to do”wrong.r* It educates alikc the feelings and the understanding, the heart and the head.--— All experience shows that more restraints from vicc’do.not reform. Our prisons are the c_xa_m- plos of the orfect system of restraint; ;Thc1r 111- matcs for a ong series of years, are entirely pre- vented from indulging in intompcrancc or any kindred evil. They lead lives of perfect regular- ity, industry and pro priety, bccausc they are ‘compelled to do so. ct few are reformed by this; Our instincts teach us that forced ‘proprie- ty of conduct gives no assurance of future vir- tuo ;on the contrary, the very fact that they have been subjected to it, is by courts and communi- ties regarded as evidence of depravit . T The very condition of restraint is oundfto be a positive obstacle in the way of the influences of religious education, when brought to bear up- on the inmates of our prisons. Are the advo- cates of the temperance law willing to plaice themselves upon the footing on which they strive to place other s’? Will they give up their (:DI1V1(3- tions of duty and propricty—-—surrendcr ovary positive virtue, and become temperance s imcn merely because they cannot drink? They! ‘Will i shrink from the application of “a principle“ to themselves which they try to apply _tooth‘ers.-— They know that virtues wither and dreiojuttundcr such systems. The law has and does load away from the right remedy to the wrong one. Iknow that it is dificult to draw the lincpvvhcro persua- sion should end and coercion c begin“; * is has ever been the problem which embarrassed legislatures: ,,but. this we do know, that tho rogrcss of civilization, morality, and virtue,ha.s been marked by the extension of education and roli ‘on and the contraction of coercive; laws. ovemmonts emanate from the people, and merely represent thcircmorality or‘intollig’§nco.— Tho folly which looks to giovommcn-its toplovolve the virtues, is like the ignorance which i regards the thermometer as a regulator of temperature, or the barometer as the controller of the weath- m,_ * . . c We object, then, to this law; “because it demor- alizcs tcmperanco “m‘en,"making them vindictive and violent; because itcrouses a. spirit is of rc_:sis- tancc, increasing the evils of intern eraucc; *’be- cause it is a step B-ockwcrdsfiu ci~vr,rrap.tiou,sub- s§itiitlxi;gf‘irostruinh§,;‘fo1;L is All admit that it is better-to be temperatcfiyfromc choice, from thought and resolution,_ than from coercion.-— ‘ Who doubts that persuasion than M ‘-—'l-Sf,‘ ...».& ;.;..Lr.;~‘ . aw‘ :: F.’ - ‘:.§, f°rve,?,.L .. vi .13 -1_ "l . iiituxir-:1tin;:: liquors object. to it’? L(>ar'il1‘1g out ofvicw clit‘li>1‘m1ccs of opinion with roganl to the propriot_yofthcir use as drink, this very low COIl{?(T3£ill?S their necessity for n1eclL1a1l1icul, rnedical, ancl sacred uscs——b11trvl.1i1c it recognizes the Ic- gality and necessity of their munnfucttiro and solo, it strives to make both odious, dangcroris, ‘and de I1"a,di',upg; and this is naturally resisted by noon xv oso objects are higher than mere gain, and jvvho do not Wish to see a business pursuit of conceded, necessity, forced into the hands of those . I i indifferent; to thcirright of public sentiment. ‘Tdo not iadsailitho motives. of its advocates, c}§iit£‘;JBod"inotiv‘es‘dolnot‘prevent the evil results ‘j-hf f‘ I ‘p:t‘iuoiplcfs." good” motive (to save ‘mars sotilsf)j *originatod- tho slave c , tro,dc.< The samemotrvoskindleu‘ the fires of the In- ,quisio*on;‘ Good‘m"otivcsp and wrong princi. lcs ’11£.vc”1aioat tho‘-root of almost .every evil W ich of "prosocd mind“ amioted mankind, i It" ‘s‘ gratifying that the cat body of the cler- reject this union with t o Stuté. They con- tiriue to put their faith in the Christian and not in thoiLeg‘isl"ativ‘o dispensation. Their loss sa- gacious brethrouiwill soon find where‘ their ‘infi- dcl a1.1iitoccs will lead thorn‘, , KNOW NOTHINGISM. , While the coercionist is tryingtvto limit the freedom of its neighbors, two othcr arties, ac- tuated by the.sumo.Lsontimont. of : po 'tica.l med- idlinggtreass ' ' -diflcrent classes of, our _ o- ple. We have “ — now nothings” who Wis to those who do not use intoxicating liquors, that disfrcnchiso those. who come, and “repub1ica.ns" citizens if deprived of political right. . would our laborers say, if told they would inalre acnship. ‘ 5 who are resolved to disfranchise those who go’.- ’J.‘he first, hold that those who come from the‘ other side of the Atlantic, shall gain no political rights; the last assert that the citizens who go beyond the Missouri, should lose the rights of self government the enjo at home. Each par- ty unite to place an, o ass 0 persons in a T condi- tion ofpupilage. They assume that men who have the vigor, energy, and enterprise, to leave their native land, are unfit to take care of them- selves. They reverse every Amoricanscntiinent. They believe that those who have hazardod their lives and fortunes, in their ofibrt to got homes, and freedom for theirselves and their families, have less interest in their own welfare than others have for them. These two parties hold in com- mon,that men who emigrate will make pegter V lat better workmen if they were not allowed to be- come their own employers 1? Wliat would the a - rentice, think. if he was advised that he won d be more faithful if he was not permitted to be- come amaster mechanic? Or the lawyer if dcbar- red from the J udge’s seat to make him a more trustworthy advocate? The would denounce such suggestions, they won] demand encourage- ment for efforts, by the hopes ‘of the I honors and advan , esot their ursuits. The folly of trying to ma cg-good moo a.nics,1awyers, and doc- . tors, by disfranohising them. is no greater than the folly which believes men can be made good citizens by taking from them the rights of citi- \” K 2...: « T-Itis claimed that the original settlers of our country were endowed with all the cardinal vin- tues, and that they were the authors of our civil and religious liberty- Our forefathers committed more outrages upon personal rights than the mostbigotedimpute to those who now come to our shores. o Underthe influence of fanatacism, they drowned and hung their fellow citiz.ens.—- 8” They were made wiser and better man by the en- ioyment of full political rights in the land, and the modern emigrant must be allowed the full benefit of the same influences. « o‘ Is the action of your legislators consistent up- on the subject? They protest with justice against interference with ‘the emi rants from this State to Kansas when sent out y “aid societies,” yet the border men of Missouri are only enforcing the laws which Massachusetts has passed against any foreigner who may be placed upon its shores by means of charitable assistance. He is called apauper and sent back across the ocean. ' (fan that b_e wise and humane here, which is denomi- : iced asiuflianism and wrong in Kansas ? ‘Absurd efl’orts are made ‘to trace all the virtues of the American character back to the early col- onist; to find the germs of our institutions in their first acts after landing upon our-shores, and thus to make a distinction between them and the luU_Llul'l.t ciiil,-___;i':mt. It is assuined that the former were rnodel‘s-ofvirtue and wisdrom,-and we.- get from them our ideas of civil-and religious-'lib~» erty. Nothing can be more ‘fallaeious. A con- tentious feeling was shown on the May Flower, for it is given as a reason for forming a govern- ment by its emigrants, tbat,“observing some not well affected to unity and concord,but gave some appearance of faction, it was thought good to combine together in one body, and to submit to such government and governors as they should. by common consent, agree to make and choose.’ The same considerations of religious freedom, or of personal advantage, which led the early colo- nists to the shores of this continent continue to draw hither the inhabitants of the old world. N 0 one denounces the early immigration because there were criminals mingled among othc good and Wise. 7 The know nothingidea that men will make better citizens if deprived of political privileges, is most undemocratic: that religious sentiments should be persecuted and denounced, is most un- American; and that homes should be denied to the poor and oppressed in our abundant unoccu- pied public domain, it most uncharit-able and un- christian. - What is this emigration thatis thus denounced? It is the victory of ourcountry and its institutions. It is 3. might achievement in our contest for su- periority with the Old World. It is atriumph of peace. It is a lorious contrast with the devasta- tions of war.‘ t annually brings three hundred thousand “pilgrims‘,”- and transplants them i into happy homes, makln them prosperous, and our nation great, while, e sewhere, war sacrifices an equal nurnberu on the battle field and by loath- some disease. ‘ tis the manifestation of the su- perior power of commerce over more martial strength. VVhile reat nations exhaust their on- ergies, embarrass t eir finances, and carry misery and desolation into the homes of their people, in transporting their armies to death and disease on distant shores, a few ‘merchants of this city bring a greater host across the broad Atlantic, and nev- or feel that it is more than an easy and familiar transaction. Compared with this great move- ment, the subjects of European diplomacy are trivial. This is the great combat which is to tell upon the destinies of the riation, and the history of the world. No Alexa.nder or Caesar in the height of their conquests, ever made such acquisitions of poweras immigration brings to us. * But those who are against the cause of their country in this contest, contend that emigration brings with its destitutions, poverty &I1(l(3l‘ll1l6.-- Trace these bands ofstrong-lirnbed but poor for- eigneri until they plant themselves upon the hith- erto useless land of the Vlfest, and see how wealth is evolved by their very contact with the soil.-— They were poor, and the fertile land was value- less, but combine these two kinds of overty and the wealth which alchernists dreamed) of, is the magical result. Whence comes this mighty volume of prosperity which rolls over our land? Whcnco the increase of the price of farms and lots and broad untilled lands which has given to so many of our citizens wealth and prosperity ‘i What gives employment to our cars and boats and ships, trarisportin armies of men, and re- transporting the pro uces of their labor? Stop foreign einigration to this country, and thousands of those who ignorantly denounce the cause of the wealth the enjoy, would find their abundant prospprity wit or and die away like J onali’s ouri; There is danger that this source of prosperity and power will be diverted clsewlicrc. It does not flow to our shores because we alone have fertile lands ; there are broad, unoccupied plains not owned by us, in South America and Austra- lia. Immigration seeks hero religions and politi- cal frcedom and equality. ‘Will it do so hereafter in view of late occurrences C’ Recent outrages have been perpetrated a itly for the purposes of governments who are adopting active measures to turn elsewhere these livin streams of popula- tion. Britisli naturalization ltaws are changed in favor of the emigrant to the Canadas. Contiiien- talgovei'i1iucrits, under pretext of protecting the luaalth ofthcir Slll“_)‘lL‘(‘,lS, impose vcxatious and em- barrassing restraints upon our vessels cnga cd in their trans ortation. The dimiriishcdinurn or of emigrants uring the past year shows that result. Divert immigration from our country, and you strike a deadly blow at its prosperity. Wliy are the farmers in the interior of our States, able to semi the fruits of their toil to foreign markets ?— fililfiiilif be ,..“69. the-Wat 0i'vI»iwl+‘ ufwnapc-rtation is ‘lessened by’imittig'ratiot*1s; “‘Whezi_‘we trace out all its influences (permeating every industrial purpose we are amaze at the madness and folly that seeks to divert it elsewhere, and ashamed of the bigot- ry and ignorance which prompts the effort. The charges ofpauperism and _ criminality made a ainst our foreign citizens "are ‘urfust. Their violations of law while they are not amiliar with our institutions, and when placed under circum- stances of great and novel temptation’-s, are no "more frequent than the commission of crimes by those of American birth, when removed from the conventional restraints of kindred lind friends, in California, or on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico or the Carribcan Seas. * — POLITICAL MEDI)LING- WITH THE aiorrrs on SELF-GOVERNMEN'I‘ IN STATES AND TERRI- roams. The spirit of political meddling with the afihi rs of others, and with the rights ofman on account of birth or religion, has naturally given birth to a desire to interfere with distinct and distant com- munities. The idea of disfranchisin those who 0 aswollas those who come, inevita ly grow up in the minds ofthoso who wish to control the ac- tion of others. Such minds instinctively war against self- vernmont by communities‘ as well as by indivi uals. . ' , - -. . At this time 9- party powerful in nu'mbors,. re- sources and talents. in opposition tothe wanting. 1 pfluenee ofthe South. L about ooo,oo - no lends réreer of Mreeieeippi. of F‘loriLla,.:..e.Ird the aeqoieiiioo of "l.‘exee, New . Meirieo . Californian, we have increased our :4. eeuntryle esree threefold, end ertenderl it to the L .. Peeiliio. L The porelrm of Florida who more for -- the edreetage oi'Nort.hern eovroroeree than South- . and entreeties of the patriotic whom the American people love .‘4?',E202 square miles. “Pending the Revolution, the northwestern territory exalted, (es Mr. Madison expressed it,) “the looretive desire” of the northeeetem people to e. degree threatening the ex:-ielseoee ofthe Con- federeoy. The territory belon‘ ed toi‘Vir;ginie,by repeated royel grenis, as we lee 13% eonqoeot eo iieved at her sole expense and by‘ or unaided errne. To satisfy these desires, quiet the Leoerest and eegire liermony and peace, she euirrendered it to the eonfederm-.y,and the erdieehee of ‘S7 de- ‘ voted it: to Free. Soil. Thai: eorreeder reduced eoothero. territory nearly ihree-fold:.% ‘Northern territory wee thereby swelled to 425,761 square miles, and southern territory reduoed to 385,521 square miles. Tlie territory of Louisiana, next eoqiiired, in which slavery wee maintained by both French end Spanish lows and guaranteed in the treaty of ocqirisition, wee, be th$‘M_ifiSOmi ire- strietion so divided that the nor took (exclusive of Oregon) (iiT>£l,1:l8 eqlx.-are miles, and the south retained 235,456 square milee. By that settle- ment; the south surrendered of elesreholding terri. tory to the north about three-fonrtlis end retainu ed about ozoe-Ll‘o11rth. But, inoludimg Oregon. ee a part of the Louisiana prrrelzeee, the 1Zl01"l3ll took i;l’l’i£,G0:’3 square miles, end the south reteiried Q25,- Eifi square miles. V. Tlierehy the south eurrelflder- ed more tlien four-fifthe, eed reteizled but. one- fiftli of that t.errll;ory. _ h “The e.equisition“of Oregon, (if not included in the Louisiana purcheee,) Florida. and Texas, re- sulted in. o. division, by which tl1eNorl;h got about 415.467 eque.re1nilee,end the South retained eboirt ‘271,268 square miles. By theleirrengement the North, obtained pebolrt tlxreiegi is of thoee terri. twigs. , . . " " The Mexican conquests, engroseed_ by the Eimilmz. he .Qu1Hl1 l:::.-2: ;_r1'\;m.'u l'm1n (3~l7,:£l_f2! to 652,245 square miles, having added but 235,047 square miles to her area since 1783. In the some time, the North from 164,081 has grown to}1,903,- 204 square miles; having added in the some time 1,738,123 square miles to her‘ limits. The South has increased less than fifty per cent. fthe North near 1100 percent.,in,territoria1area since the - irevolution." The South oommenced, with four times the territory of the North; the North hoe new neer two. end a. holfl limes the tefrriitory ppolithe South. 1 The Federal Govemmeritsp never lied, one foot of territory east of the Rocky Mone- teine, that wee free eoil,w>lre’n acquired. And, in- deeed,fiI oestion whetlrer she ever[ held on}; West of them 1‘. at was, free soil. The Northern Stereo neverppqeded one foot. of territory to the United. $tetee; end never yielded one foot of territory, _ - p to the use of the South, but have retained it ell. , in - “ The South haepceded, of her own exclusive territo"ry,l £51,671 "square miles, end has 1 relin-n qolieh-ed of other eleveholdoing territory when ee- qoired, belonging in common “to all the,Stetoe, £l7“il,60i3 square miles, and of eloveholding end n.on-elovelioldirrg territoryin all, not lose than 1,738,133 square milee--en empire eleven fold greater then the entire eree. of the Northern Slates at the peece of ilzlil, end more than double the entire domain of the States of the Confedeorlltion. 1 L 1 The political power of the eonotry has parsed into the control of the Free Slater, and that pow. _N0rth, added ‘to her limits about 401.8 L 7 er is increasing with startling rapidity. The preservation of the Union now do ends upon the wisdom and patriotism of the orth. Yet, at this time, the Re ublican party appeals to North- ern passions an prejudices. It attempts to ar- ray the majority against the minority; it tells the majority that it is base and bold to denounce and revile the minority; it stigmatizes those as cowardly and base who stand upon Northern soil to speak for our whole country. It will now be seen if the North will use its power fairly. If it does not, the South has the ability, and 1 hope the spirit, to resist injustice. If it does not do so, it will he untrue to itself, to us and to the whole country. THE NEBRASKA BILL. But a particular complaint is made. It is said the Nebraska bill is an outrage which must be resisted, and that great wrongs are done under its provisions. Let us look into this. The principle of the bill, and the manner in which it is enforc- ed, are two distinct things. We will examine them separately. Those who are trying to form a sectional party found their hopes upon differences of opinion among Democrats with regard to territorial ques- tions, and they expect to draw some into their organization who differ from them in ninety-nine oints because they may possibly agree upon one. ft is true that the repeal of the Missouri - Com- promise was condemned by many, regretted by others, and approved by a third class. Many deemed its repeal as a great wrong; others re- gretted it as inexpedient; others again beliqed that the only way to dispose of agitating ques- tions, dangerous to the peace of our country, was to leave them to the disposal of the comruunitie particularly concerned. I believe there are fe who wish for the restoration of the Missouri Compromise. It has been the singular fortune of this act of Congress to have been denounced at the North and the South‘ at the time of its adoption; to have been generally condemned during the period of its existence, and to have hrcated a political convulsion by its repeal. There are two tribunals to which territorial questions may referred-—the general government or the pee 1c of the territories. Many at the North an at’ the South hold that the eneral government has jurisdiction, and is boun to ex- ercise it. That it is a duty which cannot be avoided. Those at the South contend that they have a right to go into the territories with slave- ry, and that Congress should pass laws for its protection, while those at the North ur e that it should forbid its introduction. While t ose two classes agree upon the tribunal, they have also been alike dissatisfied with its action. Other E democrats prefer a reference to the popular tribu- nal. They bclieve it to be most in accordance ‘ with the genius and spirit of our institutions--— Thvy believe its decisions will be honest, intelli- . gent :u1dwisc,fo1‘ they will be m:u'lo. by ’tl1(':.~=o. ‘"' "deeply interested in a right result---by those‘ who know best their own wantsand condition, and by those who can be influenced by no considera- tions save those which will advance the welfare of the societyfin. which are involvid their hopes i and their fortunes. They think t eoinhabitants of the territories are better judges of their own wants, with doc er interests in good government for themselves, those a thousand miles away, legislating under the influences of passion and prejudice, plunder and pleasure. That the exer- cise of jurisdiction by the general government may car» y with it, by implication, other and dan- gerous powers. I agree with those who prefer territorial tribunals. The policy of local self- overnment has been adopted, and I believe 1; ere is a disposition on the part of all classes of democrats to have it fairl tested, and it is de- manded with justice that t ere should be no inter- ference with its action from any quarter. The people who go into remote territories and encounter the hardships of frontier life, shall lose none of their political rights by doing so. Why , should they lose them’! Why will you withhold from them rights you demand for yourselves ‘I-- 1 They were capable of self-government before ‘ they left this andtother States. Why not now ? There is not a town nor a county in the State which will not resist to the last any interference : by an adjoinin town or county. Why then will ;l,you meddle a t ousand miles away with affairs about which you are ignorant? Has not your .__...'__1 neighbor, who has gone to the territory,_ staked his fortune upon its good government ?,:‘_l:iDoes he not know his own interests? Do youpretend to understand them’? Ifpthe settlers in Kansas should attempt to interfere with your local g_ov-‘ ernment, would you not liaughat their folly 1?“ Ig, your folly less when you interfere with them ?——--3; ’ Some say let the general government dictate lo- cal laws to the inhabitants of the territories.- W'ill you let the general government dictate local ‘ laws to you? It will be found that this bill only contains those principles of American pfreedorri which cannot be assailed without attacking, our own rights. . it " f The people of the North are uniformly oppos- ed to slavery, not front hostility to the South,,but because it is repugnant to our sentiments. In conformhy with our views we have abolished "' slavery 1lt'l'C, and having BX(.‘1'("lFiC(l our rights in our own way, we should be willing to let other communities have the same rights and privileges . we have enjoyed. We are bound to act upon our faith in the principles of self-governincnt. It is gratifying to us that this policy will pro- duce the rcsults which we believe will best pro- mote the prosperity of the territories. The laws of emigration and selttlcment in our country are as known and as determinable as arithrnetical propositions. Emigrants go from States which are most populous. They go from dearer to cheaper lands. The census of V1850 shows that the population of the North exceeds that of the South 4,000,000. Its annual excess of increase 350,000. Its population to the square mile is double, and the value of its real estate, by the acre, is about threefold that of the South. The unoccupied land in_ the free States is dearer, and in the slave States cheaper than in the territories. In the slave States bordering on the territories. the public lands, under the graduation laws, can be bou ht for lower prices than in the territories. Most o these lands thus held at reduced rates, are-of the best quality. The population of Mis- souri, with an area greater than that of the six New England States, is less than 700,000, and its rates of increase far below that of Iowaior Wis- consin. The number in Arkansas and Texas is still less on each square mile. ‘ No one can look at these facts and not be satisfied what the result _, will be.‘ The annual excess of the p'opuIatioh of the North over that of the South, Wlll. each year give three times the population required to enti- tle a State to admission into the Union, while the South, under the influence of climates, produc- tions, and institutions, is imperfectly settled, and its smaller numbers are but thinly scattered over its extended territories. But it is charged that the doctrine of self-gov- ernment is not carried out of Kansas. If it is not, let us all unite and see that it is fairly en- forced. There need be no difll,-re.ncc among us upon that. point. But I warn you against false reports. \-'\"e liaro lliltl more rum(n's of war, and :u't-mliils of tho. 11m\'n-numts of 1ll'll.ll:\l llll.i11ll1 "Kau§as',Teni£ory,", 'fié e.f I Crimea}, where one hundred thogsana lives vvere agitators have con? » curred in their efforts to create these false views.. One at the North to produce the impression that sacrificed. Two classes of - a sectional party must be formed to resist the: South, while certain candidates forofice in Mis.-it soula wish to magnify their services to the South, The violent and infiamatory articles of the jour-- nals of both classes designed to stir up violence and passion, are republished with obvious satis- faction, and thus the most 0 ensive sentiments are constantly kept before the different cornrnu- , nities they wish to agitate and excite. There have been impertinent interforericcs in some quarters, and truculent outrage-s in others. But it is evidently unjust that the conduct of the citizens of old States should be offered as evidence that the people of the Territories are incapable of self-government. The political struggles in Kansas heretofore have had refer. ence mainly to the power of building up towns by establishing the sites of the capital and county seats. Those who are anxious on the question of slavery would be somewhat surpris- ed by a close and local inquiry into the views and purposes of parties in Kansas. into Kansas from Missouri show that its citizens will monopolize this territory. Iiitlriertoi em}, gration there has been controlled by a desire to.“ . secure town lots. When agricultural emigration . It may ,- be said the numbers which have already gone \ 8 commgucos, it will ho governed by rules ‘Wlll'§‘.l1L provailllolscwliore. B1;tt‘fcLw have gone from M13» sour! or other States to got farniowmost expect to get ‘cities. f”T'l:l.~eitroB Pifllilfzferg will soon make tlioir appearance; the men who till tho S01l1l.I1(lSlIl)dl1e tho oar.thL-ineiigbf strong arms and clear hLoads-- who“ know“ Lhowgf ‘to igovom thomsolvcS,L €i1iRLlLl‘e'1_l0 iviIfdiro‘otLthoirL o*v§i11L Lot 1:1otL all our oi?- tuofio i;;iCli;;'1i£ttio}ti‘l1e poured out upon border lilo. iLgoa.moi1g tho oturdymen Wl10, in ad» vuj ‘of iofiprovomonts, have ohoppofl, amL1_l1ood, an ° LL Lflowod their way almost across this ctiuunout, yoo’wLLil1fio.bencfio; lonco. The U nioo, a.mongL-its m.em‘borc§lis allibéjl upon their past professions and actions. They? mock at ooosistoxicy. hey ask the forcignrsbortii citizen to unite with them in iutorforingfivli»th— men afar off, and thus justify intorferoncowlth“ their own. religious and political rights at home.-. They invite the opponent of the Maine Lawto united-with them to coerce thooo live lwesi: of the Missouri, and thus justify coordiou by their own neighbors. Tho pretext’ for this dvooion of the Constitotion, is the afl’uirs‘of a single territo- ry. Tlio discussion, tcheoppoals to passion. and the influences of their actions, are not L»oo11fi.ueLdi to that point; nor cauthey also at that point. if they succeed in their prosonte orts. .ThoyLmust go to tlfe extent of intorforing with the sovereign- tioo of tho State. Their o11t—spokcu. allies, tho obolitioriists, dcvclafro thatsuoh are their iIIten‘fiO13S§L L‘1‘l1o§rotox*t for the“ war now waged ag-LainotL Soot . ., is an alleged invasive policy on itsLLpa1rt.~3é--” Conscious of the wickedness of 3. L soctiouol wvarfaro, on attompt is mado to show that thoir policy is dofonsive. ' CONCLUSION. To ohm-go upon the zidvooutos of tho lotgolono policy the fruits of meddling, and thus atLtLemfpLL‘t to jostlfyiulterforoooos, is no new device. T rants’ always doooliuoo liberty as anarohy;Lfroo moi conscience as infidelity; reliauco upon education and intelligence as immorality and disorder: and to the oxtent of their power thoymfko care that all possible evils attend every effort LL to emanci- pato . :niod, action or conscience. This i"s‘Ltho (f.l1€tl‘ ,ter of the vmrihro waged 11 on tho LLt:LlL€rLoo-5°? cratio party. He who u holdsLt o LptiiQ(}ipIé'Lof L intorfogrenoo, is responsib o foriLLinterfore1ico}f‘ TFfoLL wlhostauds Loy the principle of local selfegovern-L moot, is not responsible for acts against which ho protosto in principle nod practice. E*vor.yL moo koowothat poacoaod good LordoLr vyillfliiot ’ ho restored to this land while the press and poli- L L tlcal agitators urge sootioual onco with local atliiirs. L x . The evils of political moLLdLil1LingLL‘with 1L:rio1-a§lj3LLL,’ L roligion, and the rights of Ldistinct comuiimities oro not only of at public. na.tu«i'o,Lbo.t‘ thoyofioet individual ohziractor. It causes mete» fFho.rio¥aio spirit which is prevalent in our couiiLtry.LL It creates false standards of vLirtuo.l It mioloads mom in their estimates of 1:homoel'ves.L How many men hursli and hard in their dealings with their follow citizens fancy themselves benevolent liocouso thoy cherish a. hatred of real or faooicd wrong‘ in remote L parts of our ooom-,ry?.:L many who omit the charities and kindness of daily life, who forgot to aid the poor in the noxté otroot, Lquiot their consciences by donunoiatiooa of tchooo whom they charge with being Wren ldooroLog‘thoi1sand miles away‘? How ma11LLL‘y7fbL tom? ‘L.i;og£:luonco and power at home by ocoue pyung «the public mind with allrlgced wrongs 3-l3I'0ad?L HOW many arrogate to themselves on leicoliioive ohristianity because they reverse ejverv pi-inoiple of its teachings in their sentiinenfélfi wards their fellow man? How many have given: 1‘iile::: for Kau.~sas who would not give aid to their‘ ou.fl'oriog;- neighbors? The resent practice of stu'1ong up pooular passions, tlllreatens to destroy all freedom oi Oprinioll, and all individuality of action. L . - Tho pulpit and the press are becoming unfaith. fol. ~ They follow in the wake of popularLLexcit,e. lflehlu -They (10 not point out nor combat the faults of readers or hearers, but administer to the self-complacency by fierce dcriuuoiations of their distant felbw-citizens. They assume the bearing of courage while acting upon the prixjci. plea of cowardice. ‘ . L . L . Fauaticism gives its subjects no rest. It drives them 011 fI'0mL0Irc~ subject of excitement to Lanc- sthor, from one hatred to another, from one per. oocutionto another. We know that the political fanatic of to-do will be foremost in the religion]; persecutions oi. to-marrow. LEM .1“3;P¢'Q3V L0! h.yp.oo1*ioy is spread over .loud,.gm.ug1us. an L outward whiteness ‘booauoel libero Lila Ian. .iI.ll.2§1“113§l o rW t‘ . . . Rafi} LL; jgty and morals LLoro.hiddr§§.g§?§ g On’ chm?‘ “ _ L L “vi::i?dii:tive pietyo arid .mahgnaot.bcocv_olonco,” at War with «evmr; pmncxplo of Qmistiauity. l LUnléssL.t]mL gnoLd mg patriotic: rcbukothm spirit Qfca,nt;L am} ifanaticifim“iL the so.uruoso..aud hatred of: theLlL~Lmumd:hLeg;g1.’ =:igg§o\; rocks ex intcs the doadly hereaioo in doc»-. trmcc conducts. a.m1L ccoxcmpcts from . the \ pc «: Ln aga.io,;in itsL;ro—a.ctio;1,L be foll cl . Lhoofitiouonoso of the cafflieyfwe ‘L F 4 Lhatrod iiitexfcré-.. L ‘