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Mu. (5‘r1m_N;1> Smsnximr. VA.VNfIT) Fil<}.'I.‘I;(i)‘\\' (';.‘:1"A1“1m::\':-‘. ‘:

VVG: lmve :a,&:.s'.:c+.1%111.%>1Mc_=.L‘:1t;<%> cel.c=.1%)1%-:Lt»e. the 11‘i11c*t.y-.sr0\*ca11_t}1 :11111iver-»
s:<L1'y of t.'l1e Dc3c:fl:mLt.ic:>1i1 of A111ca1‘ic:'L11 I11<%1c2;];>e1xdeuce. 1't.Vx*:1;s :3» ][“)(z~
u.1:J1.1':a.‘oi<'>11 11;1:uJ1c*. :.1.n'1i<1<?10111>’r.s zmd (1:*L1"l.gE.¥].‘S ruxél c1ifi1'%<:1%:1lti(a.~‘4. “I'1‘,'Vv21,;<:
mzmi11f.:“Li11c4a(1% only :mft.(31' %1.0‘11g' St1*11gg1<:as zvmd sm.e1~i"ficees :i111d :m*I’fer~—
in An (1 its xms fi1:1:m11y f(')11(§)WC‘.(Z1 by :1%1m.tim1:?L1. p1rospo:1‘i.ty .~t~;<:>
 ,~:,L1:. as 130 };1:Wc-. c>;1%1<1(e2nrc:~.<‘1 131w x'rm1:1:f1<%>1'y (’")f the d::1.y,, not". oinly to
tzlw ]j)L.\.0p%le of %t:»h:~Lt gca1?x<:»1é:mti%()114, but‘: :;.1,1.~tm 11¢.) 1v1\1ui1- 1'-.1:1*i1<11'cm :u1c’.l
f/lmi%1' chi%1<?l‘1'¢;%>.1%1’.~: c-.]1ild1'<.m.

An (1 y«.m H10 Mi‘-1l)1iI1':’L1‘»i(”)I1 of him 1f»c1~.o1;>lc nit‘ tV.hc+e4e. ST:2¥L’(.(*¥S

' ‘f’1'<‘im1 Gr‘l‘(*2l»t3 ’IT3;r:it:<1i11 c<;ml(1%, in no (;-.’v‘m1t2,, h:%L\'o 1":=1ri1m1M 'l<**>1“1g .~;%»'i1.A1c:ee.

to ]mvc.>. t:=LVkc>.‘1‘1 _1 >lm:c.;*. ; :m<*1 'VV}lt‘.Lt(3V'(.!1' 1.mLy be cmr p1'(»..~;4c;a11t'. <f1.:;u1-
gc:1'H, tlmt of s11V1>j1?1g:u'.i<*>,1‘1 1‘,>y':my 1fl111'o}_>c:§:1t1 pmvm-, or (;W(?Il
1V<‘>.~s.~.*. curt’ 1m.t”.i<m:‘1llV in<?lu}‘)m1<71<;a1V1<t: a,  Ixmt :%L.1r%1%<:>i11g; tlwm.

'flT‘hi..$3 :l;I1llli\'(31‘H:Ll.l'y <.%~.<“>r);1(2.~:; “(.0 1:154, ‘r.hcm, as his 1>i'rt;l%:1<fl:my c011ws to
:1. m :>u1--~—-m:>t Mr» nmch ms .511, ("my on 'wj.1;1i<::h to 1'(.aj(‘)‘i(“zc% 1f)C'.(“:.‘:3L1‘l.‘~‘t‘§ he
Wm‘ 1m_1'n%, M 01'1«.~ <:m whi<i-.h to w:>1%“1:4id<~:=.1' upottx lids .~t:i’t.‘tmt‘.io1:1, hiss
«.1%ut3ieH, :"iLI'l(A1 his 71’1;1t11:1'<e.

W"}12Lt, ’r.1u;m, shztxll we my of the pl"£*§E&G1’lf; c.01:1dit;i0n of t411ese
U'1‘1%i.t€a(7il Statcars?

A011 ervery 1m1;1 (1 £1.11 Imp1'cec:<;ade11%ted 1’l‘fltLt(3I‘i€l1. p1'os*.pe1'ity p1*e-
vails. '1‘he3 t1'%11'ee Ixxillimns of pec>p1e 'w1i1%0$c: (1(:£C:].£T).1‘£L13i0I'1 of i11de;a-

%1;)er1d(>.n<3e We (3(%1(31i")1‘£.l.te, 1:11am t.hin1_y sca,t.te1'ed 2>.L1<:m the Atl.zm_1;ic:
sc=:a1:>o:“»m.‘1'd, have gt-ow‘11 to lw the forty :r1:1i11i%o11s of our t.i1me.
143Ve1'y%W}i1em. t.hi.$ ‘people lmvtza 1V>1%1.=31u;~.r1 1:>ac:1< the f01%est. smd s11b—.

dlmcad t}w W‘i1(:1e1'nVess. 'l7‘0-da,y t1I1e.y%1m1%<1 the (30nti11e,11t from.
one of tI1e g1*e:~,:a.t <:‘>o.e»m1s ofvt-,11(~«. warm to the other. '1‘11roug'h~

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out all this vast t.e1'1-‘itmy, rieh in all the I:f]..()(?l,l1(:.stJtu‘ of the
torrid 21.1161 12e1'11per.‘.-Ltezo%11es,—--hzmimlete and \'i11::Lg;es, zmd even
gireat eitties, have been lmilt up ; _ye:a.*1r by yem: the produce of
their fields zmd their fioc.-k.~s, t.hei1.- oree :111d their 1:1'1i11em1.~3, their
®O£t1\fi :iL11(1 their oiils, t1.1_eir mi1]:;< :eLnd .f:1eto1.*ies m;1(_1 f111'n:1.c:e.s: ljmwe

i11e1'ezmsse<:1. Ye:-L1‘ by yca:.‘L1.'tle1.e»y have g0ne<')1.1 (:01:1st1r11<::ti1e.1g s1;1ips

.:::Lnd 1)o:1,ts, 1'C):'.-LC1S :=.L11<:1 em:1:1.1.s, 1.':1i.]."Vv:1.ys :1md te1eg1r:5L1*:>1:m,, 1‘u.1t.il. mi.

lzmt the eintire lzuld  knit t()g'et}1e1' with the 1::1.:1e:m..s: of :'111.~st::1.1_1t
i11t,e1'c01:n1n11'uicm.ti<:>11 ::u1<;1 1*:iLpi<;1 i11te.r<3<;m. \’(%_\":?L1e.l(3L‘~. Ym1° 1);’
ye::L1'13he e1:ix;1ig1'z"Lti0_1i1 fro111 <;>the1' s1101'e..<s, 1)1ri11gi1.e1g .~:;<tm':L13 {L1-11.13
and Willin hem.'t.$, see%1§.i.‘1'1glt10mes mud s1:1e1.to 1' he_re, Iexma i11<;:1'e.z‘«1.~::e<1.

Until now‘ tylleil.‘ s.I‘1i1;)s Wheit.e1.1 every 0cse:?>m., their tmziule g:eLtl1e1‘S its

riczlles f1'cm:1 every 1:‘-md, :.mC1 the "VV’(L‘fL1t11 ::.L.m:1 1:mWe1' z:L1'1<f1 influ- V

enee ef this pec>pl.e me k1i1mv11%::L1e1d :1.d111itted of all n:—1«ti.m:xs.
‘While 1;1t11*oug-}1c>11t 11ce:71.'1f%I.*y all th‘i.~:4 evzmetg <;1o.I11::Li11,‘beymld eeveu
t1:1e.~;<e 1e1;mt.e1'i:;L1 :1;u,7l‘v':‘L11t:1ges, peec-.e .-gzmd 01'(1er,i11te].1:1genee and
free ed11(m/ceic>.11 snlso p1'evail., mad with t1‘*1e1x111nb0‘unC;led :w.t;ivit.y,
1:u1ti1'ing e1;L1~e;1-gy, :'*1.1'.u3l. i.1e1c:1'e:imei1‘1g we:J.1t11——z7ml1 c01n13.i11.i11g, on this
:a.x.111ieve1rs:::u:y, to swell our 1'1ez=x:x'ts with j11.st and p:,Lta~i<:>ti<;: priéle.
But with :n.1'1d "1I>eyonc”l ::Ll.j1 this I112l.1‘VG11OI.lS 1:>1'<:e>:5}::>e1'ity, Imiwe we
110 '1-eel g;r<:n'u1d for :;L1::u'm? Vzmtlyr  we VS*11‘1e'1mes our F:LLt}l€1‘S

in 1.1111111;>e1‘.M;1.,11<;1 Wezflth z;m«fl p0We.1.~, me We not ’1.<'i>si1‘1g the p111)-

e1i.evi.1'm1e 31,1161 the p1'iv::;Lte ‘Worth Whicsh :*Lc1m'1:1ed. t.]:;1eir1i'ves 

'VVith our 111::Lte1~_i::L]. 1f>1'c)s1:>e1e'i.ty h:7Ls e§g;1'c>w1;1 up everyw11e1.'e 11.11 in-~
satiate wiesilfe fer 1fi(13h(3S, 111”11:;>1'id.led luxury mld 1'e(:k1ees
extx-:wag'a1'1eee. In their blind I.‘)Ll1'S11i13 of WezJ;1th, men hzwe

ceasecl to <1-.m;1side.1' how it was .‘:7L(i‘.(”11Tli\1'€3(Z1 if only its" cmuld be

eeelynred. On all Asiclee greecl zmcl e0rrupt.io11 :1.1:)o1111d. Smtse

zmcl n1unieipa.l OO111‘1(3iI.S, eI‘1<:'>se1;1 to legislate for the well 1;:>ein
%ofthe%pe0p%1e, we too often <;)c-eupiecl with priv:a.te jobs zmd

e schemes of pltlmiler. % '.lCI1e'i1'% (.:0irr11ptic>11 line becc>111e so flzzzgniuixt

4% as to be the mbjecis of <>0Imt11011 1'e1e1f1:;u'l< a;1'1<;?1 g€3ITle1‘2l1.:EtSS111'I1]T)t.i(.)11.

?Wi.t1'1‘ Wlnimt. m1xi~ety on t11e%pa1'f. of all hcnxest. people is the

 

Vvorst.

5s“Va.g%”%a,n<;1%the “ ‘szmtlrp<:atlf>:;1.ggcn',” 1'(;iigIl in th(~:i1' stu.:%Lt"l.

VVi.th 'V\"}1z':ux 1'«;~.l'i(=ef

is its :1cIj(')1%11'1i1m<mt. }mi[le<i1, Vv11et}:;1(—n' it In-. in our m\'n St.:*1tt: 01' in

1%%1%%1%c(at.:i1%'1g; of :1 M:-1,t%¢=-. I}ugi_sjl:iLt;u1‘(% ;:mt.te1i1de(:1.

the 1V1eigh1)o1'i1‘1 .~:iste1_- St:2Lt,e.~s of lV:Ia.ss:“-m}1_1:1.s?ett.«r 01.‘ ]::’e1;111syl\':«1V11i:1¢ ;
w}1.<:3t]V:1e1.- the ]}c3gi.sl%:'%Lt;1%11'e ‘l.:>e c.01f1t1'ol.1ed 1i)y 01m p.:'u"t'.y or 1:»)? the
0t1‘1e1'. Tn vvhax. g;1>e:L1f. city are Imt. t.:eLX-1>a;ym'.~": .~'a'111V:i>ject.ed to
pl_1%111él.c31- by 1:111%1:‘1(3c3ca:ss4:11'_$\" .~‘<t1'<:~et, c‘>]‘)e1i1%i.:1x;__;;sf, ‘l‘l..l’lj11S1? :1%sSe.9s:x$1::<aI‘1t:<,
'vv':--1:i.~stc.-.f111 c,~_.\i1:>crmflit111'es ‘.7’ In <:c)r11mc*tAi.<:w1:1 Witll. wlmi; A].‘)I’l1')]i(‘. ofl1‘m;-a
is t..};u::1'e n<:>t 1)(E?f1.i.(?.V0d to 11¢». a. Rixjn ; wit]: wlmt p:'1.17.'1-m:1-
zmgca smtxw :%c:<::;1'c_et g:%1.i.'1_1 ‘E’ VVhile Imm 'W%it.l1m1t:. p1'.i11(~i1'>l.o, s(w:kM.i'11g
p1'0fit%t}11*()‘ug}_:1 ]“i>0il%iti%(m1. (,>1'g,;,f:1.1.I i.'/,.:‘1%t,im.1.~3, :‘1.1ly 17I.1c>1.‘x'1s(:a]\'c::.~? with tyhc;-.
«jlcmtiltin:+m.1; 1.):‘.n.*ty of 11-lm 1'11<‘“)"rm:11t, :<1.m1 (“::Il~11 tr}'1<»:*.xns(-»l.\A'0.s‘ ]3{.e]._i»11bli-
cm1.s Lin 1::’}1.iil_:ui1e]v1;>hi:%1., cu.‘ ]%.)e,n_1<;)c1'2‘1%t.~: in Nmv York., in 01‘d(5l’ 1:0

’ 'wi<:+1d tiling i;1:1fl.1'1(;nme :u1<_‘1 <«<">1f11".%1'<i:>l t.fl’w >:'1,t.1'<:>'1'1:?1.<"vc<+. (1)71? t'.]1(;e 1 ):;L1't;' ' for
‘ E3 “ .

] )(:*.I‘S()1.‘1:*L1 :**l,H.(‘TT]. .~55<;:‘1fi:‘.<h cemlm Umail only now :;1.m:1 tlu-.11 .«<<f‘»I$xu-3. fin-
.gg;11*:?1.1‘%1%t (m<f>1'111it>'_y 1':1.i.su..~4 :1. tzuzlu})m':‘1.'1'y public,-. i11dig;11:1rt*i%c>11 :m<:1 t}'1e9_§*
u,.1'e d1ri%v<311, as t1}1c;*..~?:(.*. w:L1‘I.~.4 1w:1.1' Tw'i1‘.1':1ess, :f:'r0.n;1% tulle 1)(')W0l’ t‘.}.1oy
:.1.'l.>l1sm1 ::u;1<%1 t.'.lw. .sr11.(~,%It".(':1' of the llillllfifi‘ :‘Lm’1 the S(f")(??‘iC+t~Y t.})u_y?}1m'o.
(‘»1.1t1%-::1.gm1.

I1‘;x<ilom.t$l, th1'm.:1g1m1‘1t7 21. 1m1't;i.m1 0:1’ mlr 1%:s1.11.(‘l 1z‘r1."1'g<:+r th::=11*1 :l.+"‘1':2:1%1:x(~c=,
:21; 1'cagi.o11 'Whic:.h .~s111):x1x%i%t.t:.m‘l mt;}1c*. %I**‘(-;a<."1(-: ':‘LI% G<i>\'¢a1-11’rm;a1'1t ll(§2€Ll‘I.}’
t.en ycazmm ::1,g-(A), :‘m(l% wl.:1;i(::h Im.~:4 M-,(i=.1V1 tum tr31.')€3(3i2%L] .~z11'l:>;jm;:t; <i>:t'» its
p:*Lt;c1+1'11:1C1% (f:2.?I.1‘G, w1‘*1‘ic:}‘*1 .}1lz‘LS 1%:V>.c+ca‘1: (*,(L)1§l.~‘4f;l,'l‘1(2t)(;3(:.l. .m1(l I‘(.*L‘.('f)l.lS13l.'ll(.511ck(fl,

z:u1.d (.3V'(3]11i1.l. 1;>:¢L1'tm ma-1.'c.3c~.<f>1astrt1<:tte<7l, :1. c~,o11(‘1iti%(m of 1>L1,L'l%»%li%ci-.4710-%

mo1*:a,1,iz:1.ti<1>1;1 1f)1.‘(i%\«'€itfilH “wink.-.h il11:1stmt;c~s the 1'es1%:11ts 01i"1'1*1]%e by t,l\1c~;~%

In 'whi<A-.];1 t}.%1o:e;e. lmxin 7I".lfl(")St to Sll.fl‘*(*3l‘ :md to 1<.>.<4<:2, tl:1<t>.~<<;~,-.
1'110.~3t i1;1te1'e>stc-ad in t}l(;‘. \w1if':,u'ca :md? 1:>;1'<i>s1:;c1*%ity <t:>f thté secttion,
are s11ut_<:>11t from itsc%c)1111ce%i%I.s:, ::m«fl[ t;1;:1<;+. :x<‘1¢\rcmt111-«;§:1', film “sc::a,1lu-
I11 Wlltibll

1)1‘1111<1¥l$e1-,~ 111_1de1- Elm t1*'m:'1n of MW, lms bemix sac) ge11ce1‘2:L%1:11%1él%s<:)

% l3lf1()1.'11101'lS :15»: 1:0 (1<z.~stI'<:>y pu1i>1*ic‘~.% <e1'e.<;1it;:*Ln(t1 ];>:=Lm;1yz(% e'v‘en. p1'i'v:>;m;!

Nor  tlfis <‘1cm:1c)mlizattion collfilmd to ofliczial czonduct or to

0r1e1'9;y.

V pu1:>1:ic, lifce.‘

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1\Im-l<:,]:1oVv even in l1n'l’V'fLt(?.llft‘. 1119.11 :11-e 1'(§gfll1.(1(fi“1 for tlwir

fm-t1111o::~' mtller tlmn fo‘r'tl.1ei1_' w01'tl'1 ; how :?<1:1c.ec:c>.ss C321J1S€‘.S fmlud

.-"md VV’1‘()l1.£1‘ to be m'e.r1(>0ls:cu:l ; Vvlmt fl. st1'11ggl.e goes on f01'post.s L

of 1')1ll‘f')ll(" :'1.11(1 };")1'i.V'dte. t1‘11st., whictll, 1.'ig}l1t1y filled, C‘.O1ll(Ll mlly be
]:>1*¢;>fitles:s l:m.(:l. l.>111'<:le1'1s<ti>1t11e ; how, f1l-o1'n (~3Ve.1'y pmt, 11:10.11 seek
t.l“1e g1.'ee:1t 11T1:?L1.'t-S to try tllflil‘ f'<;1)1‘f;111l‘1e;s' in the ’Ve1'1t1'11'€.>..< of _tl'1e
l1C)1H‘, l1op'i11§_vg to g'zf1.tll1e1." '\'vl1e1fe. t,l1ey Il:_1:w<3. mm toilecl ; how g:un-
bltixxg in .~:t.0cks, Vviltllln. tlw <:l:<L1l1_gca1‘0t1ls (.:oml‘>'inutirmS it li1l1\"ite.~": :.;1.m;l
tlw cam-1-11pti_m1 it e::1‘.1a<:>1*11':1.5_;§e.s, 1.1.21.3 lm<'e<.:>111.e go.1l1e1.-:lL]l. _; limw ”\"(‘.I‘ll2’Ll
i1.is<f:le.en1.0.<lto :.1.1'tifi.c.ei.:=1,ll_y i1‘1f‘l:Lt,@f or cllc-'.~.V]"l)1'@.~:<.~”4 p1'i(‘.-.@..:s'_, to (i~1.'0m:e
‘fiC:tit.i<.')1f1:~3 v:<LlJ1‘1eS by f()1*ce<:7l. s(3::1.1'(:e1i1.c;2ss 01' '1m<il1w (:le,1‘)1'eS;:%i<)1i1 l)y
c<)111l:)i11wl :Ltt:wk.:f~_: ; nmy, lmw Wp11ll»l,i<:, j0111>1ll1l:l1.1.i<l :m(l rnen of infill-
(m<':-.0, :1.1:1<:l Well. :mc:tic.>1_1.<s at law, :~1,1'0 llxrxmtle }_>:‘L1'tf. of the m:%1lc:l‘1i.11(ani-y
to til‘1.(2.~:l<(.s c-zmjls. ()l")S(-31‘\~'(i‘.,110(7), lmw 1-:1.$l1 :L(Tl'\’€‘«I1t1f11'(3S take tlm
plzlm of Stemly iml‘ust.1'y, how wilcl u.\'ltl1'z1v:=1.g:111ce is ap1;i>1:1L11(“le(l,
:Ju1<l how :1. w}.1o1.c 1f")€§(i)1)l€§ xxmkcx .l’1:I‘1.st'.o l)(;‘.l‘l.(LIL),1'(! all. tl1il11gS to l;7>e
l'l(.:l1. A A
Now, w'lm.t slmll. We say of tlzwse evils 1’ Are. they tlm
"fruitts of t.l.1is. ll'11'l(.‘!ll. v:1.11n1:.ml .s*yst0.rn of govcnl-1ll1l111c+.1It: of c>1‘11-3,
(91% <:1l<i‘)lt.ll1e.-.y 1*<;~.m.1lll13 f.1'<:>11x1 (;>t}l1(¢’1' and I12l.lI»l,l'l,‘§fll c.:u'1ses whi<':l1 t.l‘1cs

"t’<_‘)1111.(‘llel1's of t.lw.sca govc3;1'r11i1:m1;1t;s <li(‘l not fc>l1'es;cae, fLl1](Il, tl.'1e.1'c>.fc>17@,

l (:m..1l.(l.l not: lluwo. pl-<">V'i.<:l<;uil 2’Lg,‘:TLl.l1Hl., 2’ ‘And how f:*1,1'  it };>()ssilf>1el

tn <i‘)V'le1-mi>11lm, or to <::l..mc.l{ tllesc evils lay :*L11_\j5* c:l1:11i1ges in mm.-

‘ existing; gt)vca1'1‘11“xm1l1lts ?

'l‘ll1e.% :1Lm quc:~..Ts*ti(:>1.1.~;4 'Wl.T1l(.‘-llll it S(L’:GI'l'1!~;§ tact) n‘m clexinancl the

t,l'1011gl.1tf11l, c+.:m1e:s*t, (1‘i$\E):lI%$Si(“‘)I‘l1ELYL1-he czcrxlxsicle. ':2Lti<i>11 of all citizms, ‘

:;Lt1<”lle.~.4peL3i:1,'llmV* of all wlm ("*.<7>1l'1m;-.1'1;1 lt.l1u1‘1'1selV'<3S with 1)0liticr::ll or

}_)l.1ll)llC» zxffzvliw. I J
Olf1l1'l£§Lg(3 lmas xxot, Vl‘)€*.€3I1w1l'.:iL‘\l’()l':1Ll.)ll1% 170 such reflec/c.i<:>11.s. W’ith

tltle l.*‘zl'l=1,"rl,1;1‘«.~31-:‘l~;zllwli1<> fI‘§v1IlI1'€3.(l~(l‘)1lll' gcfyvm-11 1’1l1e1l1t.s tlxis was 0tl1c21‘-wise.‘

'l.7‘l1c*.y l1a<;l givezix to tlm plll.ll(f).$‘()pl\y of g'0‘ve1'1f1n1e11t yé.‘-2‘l»1.‘S of

)1'('>lf<')111l14‘l mxll. <li1io~'ent. .<.xt.tfu‘l= . T110" l}m<‘l l)::Lr3l:'sc~:<.’;l l';llll‘(")lil0‘lll Sc-lvcml
l l 2:: _ Y % Y A. :5 %

 

years of 1'ev0111tio1f1:.»1,1°y%t1'i::1.1. A1111], :e1.fte.1' t.l"1c1se yea.11‘s of (1<~:1s—
pe1'.£1t(-1 st1‘1.1gg1e i111 ::1,1'r.11s they }j1:1,s.<:<':1d t}11.'c111gh yet <,1t,}:'1c11' yezlm,
of the doubt, tI1<3. dep1*e.ssi.c1n, :111d t};1c.> diffic111ties W}1:i(.=}.1 .s7111'-—
]T(.)1l]‘Il.C1@d t11e y<.1.11'111g <7é.(.:11"1fe<fI.e1‘:1c:y.

D11ri11g :11} t}1(3s@ <f1:1.ys of dev0t.i<1111. 11.1111 :~:<:11<~1'ifir..1-.u, «1l:11;y.~< <11’
stemly 11:‘-111it.s, of 11:1<;1de.1-:1tf.c1 gz1fi11_1s, of ;'[%’1'c-1e<f11;1111 fm1111 wild ex‘-
t1':111:;1g:111cu :111<i1 s111e<:.11I.:1,ti1c11.1,111011 }1.‘1.<'l <,1(1c.::“1.<i<::11*1 11.11111<111p<:11rt.11~
nity to t.11c11#(111g},1.I_y c()111$'i<1e1't1}1c1 VV'}1.(T1]€! .~11111.l.1jc‘.1c1t“. of 1111}1111'111l1i<‘::111.11
g()V-'(}I'I1lI'l101Tlf»; 1w f.h:i1.t%],111*<i1}j1:»11:11l.y 110 1:1<f1<_ly 5:11.’ 11111111 o.‘\'c11F 1111c-11:. 111:1
fo1'11.t1_:1. g;c1‘V'e1'11111,e1111t in t11is w<11']d W110 wc~11‘<.1 11u’(1-M11‘ fit.t;L1(7l 1:11‘

~p1'e,p:;11'eél for t}“1.:J1t. 'W<i11'l<.

13111:, w’it,h 11$ t.};11i1..sr 11:1..s'111<:1t'.'l:1c1£111 $11. §'I:’I1‘1:1'11'imil 1.111 by t]1.1c1<,1:1.1‘c1.‘r 11,11
L=1xc:‘it1c;11’1:1c1111‘o.~;4 :1.11(I 1111<1<:1c1ssitic:1s: off?’ tlw. }1.c1111', xw. I;1:-1.1v‘(=: ‘1'1c(e..=.1'1 cc111t.c1111i.
to £L(”“.1€%il.'0 to the ‘f'<1111'111“1.H <1:1:' g<;1v(:11-1111‘1"1_11.(11111 0111' ;I4‘:1.t;]1(n'$ 11131211-11.1'l1i1‘1]1c1<1;
::i11:uf1, ::1sc11'i1f1i.11g 1111 ‘r.111v.s1c1 f<11>1'111.1< :11.1111'<“1s11:1u1'if1y ]1:',111gel131 ‘r.}1<_1 1rc11:4‘1:111', of
n:'1t1‘11':"1l :1<1.1x':11,11t:i1ges, ]1:1:1v<1 gi'\'u11 s1i.g}1t1 }_1c1(1<1‘I to 11111.1 11111-:i111(.11ip]‘e.~.<
t;]11es+c1 f<:m:11s '1ve1'i1 <T1e14ig1;1m1 to 1:~.:‘1.1-1-y (111112, 01- to ‘r,}i1<;~. c1}1:1.11gr;;1~'1 in
gc11V*c11'1'111110111t1 1v}1i.(1l1 11111:: ‘ :1I.tc1:1'e<7l cr.<:>1'1<;':1i1t;i<i111'11 <;1f 111.11: (1<:11:111t1'y 1.11.1»-
<j1f1i1'c>.1:;4 ; 131113 ]:1.:?1.v<;>. gom, (1.11 c1i..~m1‘1ssi.1.1g 1121111113 i.‘~‘:9%11(.1:~! 1‘1111t1il, 1.111 'h'11«fl
(11111'seI1ve.9 111 fame: «;1:[’ :21 (“1("T*..'l"n(ij.)1‘:fl»1fiZfl.1‘1iml .‘si*<f1 :111:1r1111i115g; as to do-
1111.€111d of 113 :11c;1w :11“, 101111111 111.1 p:‘111.4c1,:11111<‘l (I1(_").11Si(;"l.(I?\.I‘. %

It Will, t}1.e_1.'e:{’011.'(;1, 'I% T1'1'1111;sft§, 111(11t3%I:11c,1 1111];“1.1‘<:)1*i11:1.1.)]L11 1111 1‘1<;j1'w :1'(1<::1,ll
the 1:11rinc:i1.11.<:1s1 1111141 by 15.1110 iI1‘21t.}1c<2.1~1~1, 211161 11110 c1<:1~11<11iti<‘111‘1s
to which may ;111f1}‘11.ie1d t}11c11'11., 21111151 11111111 <:1]'1z1;11’1g(11,s i111 tlw cr¢11111t1'y
which I1:1.ve $11100 .:1kc1.1111p]1:1c¢;1; ‘r.}111211.11 We 11i1_2:1y 11¢» t}111.1* :1=1idec:"‘lt<'1
j tlclge W}1:1.t f1'11't]1c11' 1i111e1:<1111f1'e11 151m. yet 11'eq11i1'c1<§l1 T1131 116W <:ar1'-y
t11<111e p1'i1i1cip1es i11t.0 Gift;-1<...111. 1

They beg:1.11,  We 1111211111111 just, I‘1(;1:;11'(.il, by th<.1i1'<f1c1c.l:I1'21ti<11111, tI.121.t

% gQv€1.1*1111n.e1“1.tb W£~l.S of h1111'1"1:«111 11<.:>t. <]iv.i11e (11*igi11; t1l'1z;1t~%it%<1xi1i1tc1(il1

for tlie 1:1e1m.fit. of the. g<_1vL>.1"'1'1c1(1 i1110t t,}'1e. 1'11Ic11'.¢4, 5111131 T:]'f.l.£l1'b it de-
rived 2111 its j511,st }11o1v(.+11's %f1'<111‘1. t1hc:1i1' <1:c111.s'c11:11t,. T111111 w:1.s,, i.1111e1e1(1,

:1 new g0s1;1e.1%of gove1~:1;111'1e11’onc1ver11t0‘ be too 11111csh 1‘10rne1 in

 

8

mind. But beyolmtl this the I?‘a.th.ers <::1.1:'c+f11]l1ly amfl Wisely 0011-
:s;i.(.le.re<il What. were tlm i11:;L1ie.11:-1,l)1(-: 1'igl1.t.s 01' persons, a.1.1(‘l in
W'l1.:‘»-1.1: 1'u>;1.>ec:t, the :1,11t.1:.10.1'ity* of g‘OV'G.l.'.1f1I1.1€I1t Sl1C)l1'1l.d be <.i.le.fi 1:1e<f:l
{mail lli1"1l1i’c.e<;ll.

In t.l1e.il1' s_Vst@.111 of" g«:>\'lcému1c~11t.,———--:x.11<l 1))’ t‘.l:1:’-1.1‘. 1...)]V'I-1.2<:“fi(.::?‘ I lT1e1'e
ilr1_&c11.1<:le the wl'10l.e :.u1tl1<;i)lritdes, St.:Lt.e. :u1<.il F€;(l(‘:\1‘:Ll., ’r.lmy e.s't,:a.1‘.)~
lislwcl to <—:x<3.1‘0.ise p<‘;>\v<§n',—--—i11 t.l*'1e.i1' fi§"‘%1f’(‘Il'1‘V|1‘ of gc.)\'01#11.1*nc~.nt,
tll1'1'<~:+.0. c.z1.1'(li.11:*Ll_ p1'il11c.ipl.es were dee111e<;l t.‘.tTs‘.*.~'@.l'1t»l.:?l.l.

'_lf‘.l:1e fix-st. “\v:‘1.sl tlmtt. gove1'11.1.1:1en1..~ slm111.<:l l_L)( :‘? <l<“3fi1_xlc=,<:l,l :m (1
llitxlitecl a,gz1.'inst :1,l).<.::<)l.i’1tc~. power. .Ac+.c:<“)1r<lin.glly tlmy if1'z:m1c~.<;l
t,he;i_1' gc)ve1*111:11e1'1ts ltmth State -:l1..11(.fl ,.F‘€5(Tl.€31'{Ll. with ]l.‘>1r<;*/s(‘*=‘1'i1;)c~a<f:1
:rm<;l wri.t,t.e11 COl'1St;lEl1tl(1)llll1R. 'l‘11e.su "."3<,l:>usti.t1l1t.i<“)1;‘1.s (l0fi1i'1.e<.l xvlmt.
;_._;;<)\t"e.1r1.11x'1(s11‘r. 1:1.1lilg‘l:‘1.f. (lo, :'u;1d 1;>1_'c>Vi(le<lll ‘wlmt. tit. r11'i\gl.1t. mgm ('fl(_').

F1'm.n. l‘»lL1€h.5.‘@ O0nst;i.t11ti<)1_1s tlixeir g‘c>\re1‘1l11l11e1";1t$ (;lee1r.i‘\>'e<.jl ::1.1l tli1_c~
:i1,1.1tl:1m.'it.y t.ll:m_\1.r lm,<:l, zmd it. xv-as only by ’r.ll'1c3s(3 O(ff)lTlST«l,'C1.1tl.()11:81
tlmt. t.lm_\¢*' llml ;'1.1T1yjli1.‘$t :’imf.l:101'it.y w"l'1:31.t.<~.=:V'e,1f. S11ct.l:1 Cc:nl':L::4t;it1l1-
timls W€5l"(*-3 at owe, tlm s01‘11‘c30, tlm 1‘m3:.tLs111'e, zmd the llimit of all

t.heir just 1)<:)\2m1's ()V(E‘.1.‘ the gc)ve.1'11e(:"1.

l T119 soc-.o11<1 c2.~?».~‘.<e1'.xf.i:m1. 11 3011 whiczh mu‘ F:Ltlfl.01‘S :.I1,<,:t;ca<fl1 w:l1»lsl
‘ 3

% t.lm’o ltlm lexeml-wise of the p0W'e1';s' of g;<:rvemn:1e.1:1t. .~‘411<:mI_(fl be 1<_>i::a,l~

izczsd.
Tliley had. 1'el)e>lle<fl ;~1.g:LiI‘1a:t. t.11o lrx;10t.l1@.1* L-.m1nt.1,-y tn Wlmslm 1".l‘1lc;~y

were deeply m3f.:<L0li1e<l, 1i1(fi)’0 me1.'ol.y lmcziimltse of t:’-txa.ti.<:.>1l1 lWi.t.l1<:mt

rep1‘ese1:1t:,Lt‘.‘ionl, l 1101' hec:.:1.11;s:c§ of any S._];)(';%0l£:Ll, 11:1ez1,s;11res: of
0pp1'essio1‘1; for as ‘r.lw.y tlll1«;xr1l1sel\'leS clecl_m*(~.sd “ 'I’l1:l11l{l1l (l :L11‘(3
Inore clisposed to suffer ‘While evils; zmm suffemblca t.l:1::m to 1~igll1t;

ltlmexxmellves by :ml)oli3l‘1ir1.g fo1m'mlt.0 Wl1i(3l1 t.}1_c:y :?u_'0 zui-,c:11:4;-l

t,on.1e.(1.” Rev'0lut,i<_m Wcmlmcl in t,lw. end lmvczs come (;aVe11 wi.t'.l1-

out. tl1e%lp:a.1'tics11I..m' gt*il@.‘va.11.c:c:.s of 'Wl‘1lC‘.l.”1 they (:0 %1{np1n,li1*u«;s<l',1..%A

But our Fathexfs 1*ea.l1y l1'evollt;el<l:l l‘j)'(‘3C‘Al.l1.‘3@ they 1'm,lizutl t;lm.t-

\ dwelling on the edge of :1 Wi1<;lu1-nmss tI1011ls2L11«lSl<;>f l  l

mont,hs ‘ of time 1‘e1:n<>vcacl f‘1*mn 13110 r1'1l'il1:1lg g*0'Ve.r11me11t, tlmt;

foreign power could never l justl.y know nor Ilnclerstand xvlmt

     

 

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tlaey 1re<:111i1~@<?l, zmcl c’;-.oul<.l .not_, tlxerefore,--—-11<,:> 1'r1.att<-31* how Wise
1101' well dis1;:><)sc+cl,——l>e z=1.l:i>l.e to :=:1;pp1'e<;:i:41,t0 nor 1-ig}1t.l_\t' ];>1'0lvi<llle
for tl1ei1‘ 1;1ec:essli.ties.

Tlwy czlemly 1'e2Ll.ized, too, tlmt for {L “V.::1.st c.<fn1nt1+y like. lllllfi,
witl1 all its Vmiety of calixfmtcae, p1'ocl11c:tic‘>n, ::m<::l i11<:?l1,:1.~:sm-y, free
g0ve1_'111n.e11t 1‘n11St c.<:>1‘1sis’o in S(;3lf~gO‘V'(;§1.'1'1.111lG1’1t; :'1.1;1d they 1'ezLlize(l
a.l.s*o, tlmt S@lf—g<:)'ve1'nmcmt O()1.”1SiSl3(3Cl. in 1"r1enlg<;>v'c31'11i'1‘1g tl;m‘n;1~
2-M‘-.*.l.V"'(i’:t.T~.‘, not in tlTlGl1' g0ve1'11i.1'1g Of.l‘1G>.i1' 1;>c§(‘)_1;:)1(+.

Tlmt to <.‘le.cicl¢~. Vvlmt 111611 .$;:l1cml<:l mt. <..l>1"\ve:1.1', Wl;1:.Lt'. '1'<,>:.1.<il:~,<
.sfl'101'1l<:l lm c.)];>e.11e‘(l, or lli<:*.c;=,1'1t:l4«=.->3 gim:1.1, lzwy’ tlm votyo of tfillliefi wlmlcia
peoplca, wm11<il be M cwil zmd as <lf>_1:;>p1'essi\'c+ :13 tack) l;1::we .‘%I41l(.'.lTl, ‘1nc21.l
:>u11d %i1l1cliv:r(l11::Llll q1f1estic:>11s clc<..-,i<fle<?l l;ry ‘:1 kin 011' :1. f01l'uig1l1
(f‘.l('",)l711l.l(Lfil,l. It, "was, t3ll1@'1*e:f<)1'@, film 'w'is4(;> po.l.ic:y 01’ 0111‘ l*‘:Lt..lxm'.~‘: lalmtl
0:iLGlil COI1.1I1l).1fllIillTJy .~4l1m1l<fl <ilc~:(:i<;lu fm- litself t.]i1.e :Lfl’:.1;i1‘.~:; tl1:1.t.1'e1:“1.to<ifll
to tzlmt cQ~1'1.1m1:ul1ity 3 tlmt hlme, f3‘t:1,t;ce .~:l:l;mnlrl <’:lete1'xni,1w mil y 13lm.s*0.
I'1)l2VD13(?.I.\S§ Wl‘1iOl'1 .1'el:a.ted to 131516: ‘Wl'l(Ti)‘l\€:! Status ; Wll‘ll(;§ tlm 1m,13im1::1,'I
gove1'11r1w.11lt was only to (film: A1 with l}l1('I‘)E%(3. n1:'1,ttc3%1's in ‘1‘.(.‘)vtg‘V1\,')(.“.l:(...fitI 0.1.’

whiczh all tlm 1mtlio1.1 llmgl an (1-,<:m:1.1ix:u:n_1 i11te1'est..

Do11l:>tless, my f1'i<m<“1s, tl1c~n'o lire 17110.11 "Wlfll(I)l(;‘,-:»1.~11 g<:)v<;.n*11 t’}|lC‘?’i>\l‘
" :f:m1ilic.as l)ette1' tlmwyx you or "Alf g<:>w1r:11 011m. lYe.t'. lxw sl;mul<fI

t'.ll'1il1,1k tit :'L glrezmt l1z‘1.‘1l-<:lSl1ip if Sl1l(.flll rm“-.1.1 1111("lc;n't00l~: t.<:f> gc;>v<2.1r1l1 mtr l

:fmfr1li1.iess f()1~1'1.~4. IE$u.’o nwt. only slimulcl 'W(‘¥ 1:.ll1i1‘.1l;: 1;l':1i.~4% :21, g'1'(a$Lt

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g1‘e:<L13 l:1:.n'dsll1ip :l1,l.“s:<;>. Not 1“,(‘Il?;(‘V“:.4Ll1“‘gv‘£‘m’l 1*.l':cw: mm might i'1<;f21; lm
better tl1z:u1l We :=1,m ; not. l)csc:L11.~m tl.1L=3y' 111.ig}1t,V not. be Wif‘-il0.l‘l3l1:;:l.Yl

We l me ; lmt l“)(:‘.C‘».‘r?l.11S@ G-c;l><‘l ll:LS givcm tlmml no 31.1011 1'c:elm3ic)11 to
(our lf:2un.i1ies.% l:l...‘\' jlxce. llzm givmx to 1'1.‘4, so tlmt they c:<)‘1:11cl%11<9:ve1*
1l11:1<5le1i-stmlxl, as Xvu. <;::::m, Wlill2*);l3.(;)l1'l.‘ f:‘L1lnlillie:s 1'e<:111i1>c~. % l
_ ns’ols0   Witll g‘(?)V01'l1'I'Ill0Illt. )TlflL‘h g0Vcm'11x1@.1’1t of {L g‘]"(?£Ll}
;n:mt‘io11, by an :lLl).s7.0111to. cenlixtlfzml :'1,utl1o1'ity, 7i:s' lllike t.l1c>.g'<:)V*e1'r:1-l
1ne.1i;t; of l<;i>1m m:u1’s fz:m1lillyl»)y :21. s3131‘m'1g<-.1‘; lis likq the govc31*1‘1~

xlxzuai-,11"o <'y[i‘ «me »n:.»1.tli<;>1l1 by :lL%‘f<_)1.*eig1:l1. m«Lti<tm.‘ No r1:1at1:.m:~llr1(;)lw*‘ ‘wise l l

ltltm 1j)@I‘S(;.)l‘lS M140 11m/my :a,<:lnl1ir1istca1' stwlxl za; g<:»V’erl1l'11lI1e11t. lITI1%1l{Y b=e,l

   

 

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no :rn::1.1;t-e11" h<:'>w _j11.~‘:st they may Im, it will 17)(";¥ i.1r1av<:>id:1ble that
they é:1.11.11<:)t; know Wlmt tshe 1<)L::.m1ities: which. they g0'v<'~;>.1‘1'1 1'e-
qllire ; mld, t:}'1e1‘ef(;>1'e, .:3'c)j'r;rr ms‘ malciztes to Zocmal 92"2.az.tzfr39"s, sulczh a.
goVe1'1;1111e:11t. £33111‘) ot fail tn ltm :L 1j‘>m5l% zm<7l an <)1.)1)1'c:.~i~::‘»ri%‘\e'(:: gm)-
\re1'1"1n1e1*1t.. %

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of g(j)\'e1'11111e1"1t', %*a.s t.h:1.1: L11_c—n'0 showtltl be no c1:i1,s4:.~.: p1.‘iVi1ege<:1% to
pet-p<3,t.11:‘1;te sLc.c.111111%1l:1ti<)1'1s ()f _p1.'<)pe1't.y. '.[‘1:1ey]%eft eve.1fy11'1:%1,11
f1'eé to ::u301111:1111:Lte, \V.ith :‘1,1I. tlfle powem Grml lmd given. him,
W1:1_:%‘Lt.e\'e1' 1:>1j<:)1:)e%1't.y he 1:L’w'.f111]y 1‘x'1.ig1“1t. ]I:31‘i13 ;s*i:1'1c.@. Gr<['f)(1 ‘]‘1:1.S4
gi%ven to 110 11:'m;11 tile 1.) 0 W(;H.‘. to t.:'L]<u W1i.t}1 him out 0‘[:' ‘rxljw W<:)1.'1(‘1
the ‘propmtay he mzmy hzwt-2 :m(‘~.'1,1n1‘1%11:Lt<;a<f] in it, :1,1:1(.‘.l .:s'i11(:e he <':.~.:11.1;1
<:m1y' c~.<:>nt1'01  ‘c.h£+. <i1i.~§p<%).s'i%%t,:i.<‘>11 of Wlmts he may l.(~3:‘i1.ve."1:>e11i11c1 him
by 17.‘Iw :'=1,M <“>,f_ ])(")Hiti\'"0A1.:'L'\V,£l t1*:1(;=.y wiswly 0: no 1:"n:‘L1;1 po‘w<;.~.r 13(1)
1;)e1'pc:t.1'1:m3 his m;-.c11n”1%1;11atiolls. Ac:(:0?1%'<5li1‘1,g;1.y, they ]_:n'(f.)]1i.bitwied
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n:1<:>1%"mm.i%1*'1%, :mc1 ;5‘ca11@.1':%;1,ll y f:1.‘v<;)1_'e.d the Wi.(T71G'&gS‘fT» (1iS1".rib1‘1ti.<.:>11 of
<?l<;+c2ed:'L11tVs; es4t.:'1.t.e.~;.~'.

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the F:'1,t11<:21's3.
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1%c><1g;e<V1 in the I3‘ce«?1ca1~:1.1, zmd ‘wlmt shm11<;1 be 1c~.f13t<":> ’Gh(i% St:1.t.ca
genVe1%1'111;1<:ni1.ts. fI:31i1t 2m ‘(.0 t.}’1u. 1rVig}:1ts of it1di"Vid1m1S. I§‘c>.de;1*:‘L1i}st“.s
:m<“1 De.m<:>c1+:'x.t3  :1.g1'ee.c1.   It was the I4‘e<:1em1'is:t A1m.~::a,11<:1c».1%r
I::Im1‘1il.to11% who defi1:m.d :1, cfiesmotism as zm g0Ve.r1m.1cmt in. Vvhiceh
21,11 p0wc=.r is: g+.<)1%x<::m1’r,r:1.t;e<71 in :".LHi’l"1g‘10 l'><:)<1y,'\V}'1@.th.m.' e10<3t;i%*v<.2. or
~11ot.% It w*:;1.s%}%1:'1.s‘ g1‘e,:»'L’c, :f<:>1.1.<;;>\v(:1', the VV'l1ig, ].'):mi0,1 W’"ca3}V%)st(.ar,

who d@.c;:1:1.1“'c>d flilftt 1ibcn't«y c:o1’1$ist%e(1 in the lilllitiltifillfif. of

% g0'V'e1'1f1111<amt;% 2 %
W}1e11,% themfefox-e,$t1‘1e% p1‘£iES(?.I‘1t Fc»sde.m1‘ C‘0ust3it1.1ti<.;m L-m1:1<:. 13(1)
Tm :;u:1()pte(1, you will ‘%1;'m‘11ea1T11:)m' %th:»L13%’r;J1<~;>. (1isc11sS“i()1“1s; W(;?eI'(3 not,

as to Wlmt 1.;)()W'(~3I'S ‘gove1*t11114er1t Inight eXe1*ois4e <t>vm;' the go-

Aviemmed, but 0%1<11y a.s to how ‘t.11c.>»se rpowers, :w1<11ow1edge(1 ::1.s %

 

Mam <§li_.ff7cam<:1, and <:1.iff<::~.ro(1 Wi(1e.ly, 121.8 to how

11

proper to be exmeisecl by  Ilepllblicmlx g‘(T",)’\’G1'lT1.T1‘]Gilt, S]'l01Ll1(1
be diSt1'ibutec1; W1:1i(;z1iLsh<)t1l<il be giveln. to the Ilew‘ Fe<;1e1':;1.1
g'0Ve1'111I1e11t, which 1fe.‘~3e1'\'ed to the St;::1.*t:es.

But in zLpp1yi1;1g tlleir 1;):1'i1Lic:i.1:»1e$, 011.1.‘ F::'-Ll7]l€*.1‘Hh:1(1ti?) (lu::1.l%
with :1, c:m1diti011 of tllcascé St:mt:es :;mc1 p0<;>p1e ‘W11i('th-—-——Sh(i)1.‘t :f'm~ :11.
mLtic>11 ms the i%11te1'\’ca11i11g tixxw lxzm 1)<3e.1*1--~%\v::L:s :1. c:c>1%1<7l%itio1:1
'Wh.o1l_y (1iffe1‘e1%1t f 1-om tlmt. ozf 0111' (my. I~EI?<:>w g‘1'£-H”-11) ’r;I1<-3 «‘1‘if”fe'1'—
cmcse  1)etWee1V.1 Well the States :1.1*x<f‘:l }.)e01:>‘le "W]1'u;+.h eig11ty'~1?i\r'e
yam.-.9 ago :u10]g>t(3c1 tlpw 1c»m..is‘<;e11t3 I‘.PG(1C§1‘:?L]. Cmns:ti.it;11t:.iu11 :.m<.‘I 1:h<'>:~‘4c2
of 0111' t'i1:1.1c.=-., it  not (ae:‘Lsy“ now to 1'e:1LlAi.ze.

At tlmt tinm, t.11c;2 13hi1.'t,ee1;1 States Whic.e1“1. fcf):1'1‘.x,1<;ut1 t';hi.~;< g‘<f>Ve'1.-1:1-
ment wvere e1::1ti.1'el.y s<:»”v(-=3.1.‘<=-:a*ig~1ti1 :1u:u;1 S€h1jT):',L1‘:TLtO. '.[‘l';1.c.y lay st.1'e.t:c};1ed
:2L1c>11g the Atlzimtie (.50:§LSI3, }1::m‘vi11gg; 1:‘>u]%:ri11,(1_ t]:1.<em1 :L '*W%i1.<;%§101r11<;=:s.~4
Vvithout limit, a;n.<;1 ‘in. 1:;m.'ge ];)m't Iimk11%<::>wn. The 1k:>ca<;>p]c of
13131039, 't:'c:e'1:)l%e St;’;Lt.c3s .sf]j)<j)1<.(;a, i1%%1.<.:1c3.e(;1, T2111: .s?:§L1m:+ lw:‘L1%1g1:1V:.1Vg(e, mul Inml
laws of tlle S‘s:TLIII.1€5 <j‘Q.1‘.lt.’.1'2Tl.1 (.‘:11:'L1.j:;L<;:t.c«:1,*,‘but. 1“.1.1<fi,1' <i">1'ig_3'i11.4s haul 1;>eu11

c1iffem1%1%t, 131“1Gil.'}l:TL1’j)i13S ¢f1i..~;.4si111iI.:;1.1r, t1“1ei,1r '\-'iQ'Wt%é 111i1.li.lw. C?<:)1“n1'm1-

1‘li(32TL13i(§)l1 'l.:><;etW<30.1:1 ‘r/lxem was 1'z2m;a :;L11<T:1 <:ilifIfim.1It t:1.*ml.<;.>, ijmltm % M161
3 . . %

i%1'1i’1'eqL1(;>.11t;. 'l.‘1%1‘c;~.1%"1. an :t"o.w 1'<:‘;>:<.w1.~:; Vverte. <1‘)]1.)m“1(‘3.(’;1 1&1 c:~.:'1._1'% 1’}h(£~3(§(')2"‘L.‘3t,

alcvixg wh1ic:.h Agxwaziut ‘xvzmixls t<i);i1e(il s1o‘w'l.y with g;_f<%:'>ci‘)c%’1:-y, w1,1%il%m.'>:1i

131m 1%1:1<:>ro, ‘i.1“11:“:1,1u’:1 W.‘d._y*S t1':;1.“ffi%cL: ‘Wm; (;L*.‘:3L1‘1 'i(:?',(.] cm by tnlm p:%w1s:—l*.1c“>*1’.~'sc4>;

zmd tlim. ::411*1V1‘11::)tc-3'1." fm1.1.11é.V Mom (11.-i:f’t;m:1 ;s*1<irW1y dc;)Wn 1;lm1%'iv1:a1'.s:s
on mft*.$, 01' w<;:>1~1<ed tlm f1:*Lt~1i)<;t>m; :aL1:n?1 t.1w ‘1:>:xt.m:rL1%1x 111) 131110 cm1.'~
re1:.11; by the aid of t,h.c+. .~mi1 or th,G. s0tti1*‘:1g 1:i>o1.@, ztuui 121111.13 c;*.m'1"iec1
on the i:1‘11m1d n::wigzLt.ic:>11, now g“t‘c>w1‘x to over *fc)1¢1r II1i11'i(')I”l$ of
tons  ‘year. -T1191}, :21, p<:>111:1(T:l of tam <:»1f2mi1ke.1'11<ea1'c111i.ef WM;
2111 111%111s1:1:>~L l. 111x:u1'y, mud in 1)1-igl;’1t 1':i1)1)on Vwns :1. ]:;u:L*1%1¢i1.~:401'1::1«:*.

19rese1%1t. Evexx J effe1's%c>11,% Whéill S€3C$1'C%13§L1‘y of State, mu]

ceallead in };1astc:% to Axrmet with blue ("I‘,:«1,1:‘>‘i11c:t, was |%t'We1i1ty-c:ig1‘%1t
days of cliligczmt t1':mv*eli11g %fr0n1%1;x%is%% h<:>Ix1e to t1:1is city, m1(1 ‘
now one (am leave Ahere % at niglxt, :;m(I 1'%m-,1%1 Mic)1‘1ti(3e1%lc:>%

czonlfortzably thee riext %noon.

% It  for States thus Vvcmk,m1<.1 se1:L>a1~:1te, m1(1 poor, fmsfl

 

 

12

people th1.1.s distinct, 2u.:u:1 f1'11ga1, n,V1V1d t11.¢i>11gg‘}'1%t.f1.:1l, with 0c:~
c,111.'>at.io11s, :'a.11d 11a1:>its, zmd te1111:)t.:‘%Ltio11s 'W}:10].1y r11‘.11i1{e th0.~3e of
our g<.me1'a.t.i011, t.11.,-My our F‘:mt11e1's sought to eSt§:Lb1iS1'l go've1'11~
."I1’1G311t. And if, in e!st2L1"%>1iV$}1i11g it, 1311e.y £L1)p1‘e.1;1eI1«:1ec1 evils Whic+.h
11eve1' arose, :1..11(1 failed to 1,)l‘(.T)\’id('-43 for t11ose wlixich (:10 now
exist, it. Wm; becmtlse the .~:m1%jW)sist)i.11g‘ (*,Vi1S Imxe c:*c>n1e in with :1
growtlx, riches, mind (":011S(i)1i.d£L'CiL‘)1;1 wholly unpxrecjzedelltwi, and
umillly 1'eS111tii1%1g from i11Ve11t%ic>1'1%s, :*L1i1.d nxetlzxcwdsgz of i11te1%'c-01m'1‘111-
11i.c:atic>1:1 then Lllmslxspc-gated. S(“)'13}1:".1»'(3 tlm 1_:x1'<3se:1it we:1.1t1:1 :-md
<‘:e.11t1':1,1iz£~Ltic>11 of the e0111:1t1'y could xmt t11e11}%1z5r\'e.1f>ee1%1 f<:>1'ee-
seexx, nor p1‘OVi.$iC)11 1',l.1t1.(1(i :mgai1i‘1st they _p:m1-ticz111::1.1.' m';i%1s. wlxich :tt-
t<~;.=.1.1.d it.

The pm'ti.e.s VV1:1ic:1:1 were fo'1'n:1ec1 upon the. (:.§:.3t.":L1‘)1ifS1‘1] l‘1C:§‘1‘1t7 of
the F(%(.’-1(;‘.1'.‘L:‘I.1 Go\*e1'111:1i1m.1t, Wem, t}.1e1'e:f01*e, 1:1:-1.t1:1m.1_'1y' }"):1.1'ties; rm
120111110 <;n:)11:s't1§11cstio1*1 to be g;i;ve11 to the C<;mstit11t.ion mind the
1'mWe1*s w}.*,1i.c.el1 1:11igl.;1t. be e'xe1:c-.ise(1 unclear it. In tlm very Q-.:ur-
liest C5o11g1'es$est.11e "power of C301.1.g1'@$s 1;0i1L1%11;)rme~, <:111tic>s for

p1*ote..cti.011, to I'112':L1{€% i1’1.1;(~31'1'1:1.1 i.1V:1i11;.')%.1'<:>?vc:a1inex‘m,ts, ::md to c2st:iAL1i>%1i.5:4'l1 2.1.

% l\T:3Lti(.m:‘Ll 13:7u11s: 'We1‘(;=e .'2::Li.~5e<'1 mld clisctlssed.

'.[‘11ese qt1@sti<)11s:§ were i1"1d.c-3.c.ad not q11es’r.i01"1s ::L;s' 1:0 \v1mrt.11fe1.' 1:119
1;):11‘tic:111.zL1# :Lut'.I.1ori.t‘y in o011t1'0v(m‘sy 1fr‘1ig11t be t..‘XL"~5l.'(j.‘.i$Gd at, all.
14‘01- 110 one 1fega.1'<1ed tl1ea1:)11:i1di1.1g; of am doceli, or 17118 <t§"i'vi11 of
i1.1i')0L1111ty, 01: Elm es;»'t:::.1‘)1i:=sl“;1111<¢31.‘1t of a ba,1:11s'.:, to be 1:i>c>yc>1;1(‘1t.]1e
1:>1><:>v*i11C:e of g*0 Ve1'n1ne11t ; mid i%1:id<3ed tl.1eSe wmro po‘We1.'.‘s‘ Wl%:1i.c]i1%
hii.(1 all 1;.>%ee11 6X61J'(I$i.S.'Gd by the States.‘ B1.1tt.l1ca diffe1'e11ce :=1;l;><i>111;
t.hen1 was only as to ‘VV}1i(31i1 of our d11::1.1 G‘: owx-1*:11:11e11t:s' s1;1c~.h
:;mth.ority vvzims lodged in. ‘

About such questions, w1”1e1'e.ver~ ‘ulixe lzzungxmge of the Chim-
sstitution was not c:1Ve:;xr 2m1d explicsit, the vieaws of I%%1<:>11e;s:t% :md

% (3C)I1f3CéieI1tOL1S men might well diffcer;

% Those who f2>wo1'ec1 a systenl of p::Lter.1m,1 gove1‘11:u:1e11t ; who

d€:$i.1'e.d go\ree1'11111ea11t 11<:>t only to p1'1es<-;+rve <)rder :‘1,1:1<1111::Li;1f1132a,ix1.% ‘
‘ sec:111'i%ty,*L)L1t%to u11de1'tz=Lke the protectioxl of i:r1dust1*y, t;1%1(~:-. 

 

' §_;._;<")ve1.'m11e1'1t, 11:?Lt1.i1':=L11_y .~':i.<'1e,if the ]::t11g1'1:‘e1.ge of the CMustitlxttim1

e The 1.m.1.*t;y of State 1'ig}1t.~Js emr1e to he ealtled ]f)e1x1<)e1*z;1,ts ; wot,
A/2,(:m:¢3‘2.:e1“-,tletms 7°«rmz,.<m2.t7W'. 7)¢.am'ms(a2 2?/ua any/'/z.t,9 Qf .S'zf(.ztes~ citw? in

h poWe1*sj0f g0ve1'm11e11t between the State and Federal authe-
hrities, W1'1io11 du.rin.g this lorxg period generally p1'e‘veilecEl, were

V .~im1)tst2111ttti:-tlly the views which had in the hegin11i11g been n1e:i1'1-

_. _...w ._ ..,.....«......-I

13

ctmtion <">f intern:-‘-11 in1p1'm'emente, the dh.'ectimJ1 of the 'fiI1:%L]1C.‘.€.T\‘,
the ec>1‘1t1'01tof ed11cs:1tio1:1, would 1‘1:7Lt1.11':1.11.y, when :.1.11y qllestiom
moee  to W1;.1ethe1- :1, 1;>e,1't.tiee1,t11zL1' power should he exe1'cised by
St.e.’te or Fedeml :.L1'1tho:1_'ity, look with 1’:1vo1t' upon its exercise
by the ce11t1‘:'.L1 gove1'1;11‘nent; While, on the othter l1e11d, men,
whose f1':ém1e (Df 1'x:1i11.<f1 1:n:‘tde them :t1.;;>1_)1'(%1.1e1;1si\'e of :-tut.1101'ity
zmd jemlotts of tlgxe riglxte of i11(t1'i.\'iC11.1fl;1S, wcm].<‘1, even if {it p:u'—

tieL11.::t1' pmvel‘ W§1.S one e<)11fe.ss0C1It_y 1;)1'c>p'e1' to he etxzentzised by ?

:‘§l.(;11.“I1it13<£‘,('1 of (1<:'>11tht, :itg:1.i1.1e1‘. the t.1':m.:s'fe1' of the power .f1‘mn
the 1'1£L1'1.‘(”)'VV"(¥il' h':i1.1.1g<;>. of St:L1'.L‘.‘. to the wider t':1.11ge of II+‘e<fle1*:1lh
5Lut}1.(:)1-:ity.

That is, the prtnrtites ‘Which :1.1'o.s:<e tetnder 01111.‘ C30ns.t.it1'1ti(">11t were
t}‘1.os.e. of F ec1e1':11 zjmafl of S’("«fL’D(?. 1‘ig1i1te. Am1ei1'1ee, f1'<m1.the (‘I11-1:-tl\
n2‘Lt.m1'e of 0111' gt) ve1'1:11ir1e1:1t, e11:1t.ti.m‘1 21.1 Iflj'l25LM3(%l‘S w‘e1‘e allotted tic)
the Fede1':*1.1, -l:(‘)C‘{:“i,1‘ :i1.1ti1d s1.)eci:,Ll 01'1e.7s* to the State g<">verrmxents,
13}‘1(:‘¢74(.*. were the rmlty 11:.Lti.0m1.1 '].:.):’il.1.‘f»i€’~S‘ the time ':L<;hhe'1t1itted of.

5/a,«a)2~2,.s~¢eZ"att:as '27*2nj_:2(,t>r)t*21‘r‘err'2hz;If, «a:ezwj.)t (Is z‘/2,«a;a,/ z.fe92.aZ to ]")7"(i:,‘h$'(3'7"Z.7¢';3 Zcwzl
¢:.:m.ciZ Ztz.?m,z‘2f«a¢‘Z _(/mva9“v2.7~-mm.t crtmfl If/ms .9«_a(m7'e Z/2.6 wig/z.ts Qr'1tt2ra9/'.ss+()9z.s~h,
(mt Zm(:c.mse z‘./u;>.w—:e Wig/a.t.$* ’?(:'(’.7"(4 t/am: *2I¢2,c’l~2I7'ec:z7lj2/iv-'2,w9Z2:ec7Z.t "
h For sixty years :tfte1' the C‘v()I1S13i1?11tiOl7‘lt was :=td0pte<::1, the
views of the people 01:1 theee questi<:n:1s of the <:li;'s‘*t1'i1>1e1t,itc>1:1 of
power 1'err1:a.i1w(;1 s1;1hetentit::Ll1y the s:=1.11:1e.. I)111'i.n all tl'1(asc2
yems, the isetxee of lmnlc, of tm'iff, end of i.I’it:(i¢l?’l'l.:%L1 "itn.11.)rove—
merxts eon.ti1med to be £1iS0l?_lSSOd, and Were indeed the 'l4)i.i1‘I‘.1£i3i]:4)£:i1
n.etei011aI. i$st1es. And the views  to thedistrib11ti.o110f the

tainqed hy M ::tdie<;>11 mad his c,cm.1pee1fs. %

t ’l‘hie <;h,:u::L1 syetenm of go‘ve1'1t11ne1e1t, this t<;f:orr1.bi.ua,ti0I1 of .<:o've~"

 

14

reign states into one sovel-ei.g_2;n n:‘a,ti011, this double ellhegimucee
which eaeh eiti7.e1:1 owed to the State m'1<;1 Fetfle1f:t1Geve1~11-
ments, VV:'LE4 one of t.11.0se_t11i1'1ge few fo1'eig11e1‘s <:;~.o111d 1111(:1e1r~
.~’;ta.11d,hut it ‘we,e‘011e,twentty yemfs ego, clieetjlssed in every
c:.m111tt,1'y store, ta,11s:ed over ::u'm.u1d every him‘-'1.'o0m. fi1'e, nrevivecl
upo11. the st111‘11p zmd p1:»ttf01'1:u at e.V<;.e1'y election frexn M:;1.i1;1e to
(“~$‘re01-g_i:1t. EV'e1'yx\V11e1;e it was 1;:11'1(lhe1'.~i.4t0c>d, and W e1.'y\V1"1e1'e the
1.'eSt,1':ti11ts igmd 1.‘i.Illifl&t‘i.0]lS of the ‘T011stitlltien were i1'1sistte(1
upcm.

]i3ut.i1:1 tzime :1 !l.(~3W c.111est.io1:1 mmee—-—--t1..1:*Lt of $1:«1;\t'e1ry' in the
Territe1'iee.

Upon. that q1:1ehsti011.1:n:.t11y fDC3It11(')(€1‘:”Lt§3 sidecl with the South,
net 11)ee::mse they fe.v'e1*e(l .~41;’we1t-y, but 1't>ec:e.11ee the Fec1e1'e1
Gr(.“)\"C%lTI'lh111€%I.11J, hzzwing lreeu eet:L1,t)1hishe<.?1 by Slztve St:1,tee,h :‘md
}“‘1:L\ri1:1g 1'ef:eive<:1 no _1.;>0VVe1.' to (‘1(3£L1. with e1:;Lve...1.'y' except to 1:>1'<:;)-
vide t'o1.- the 1*etu.1'r1 of fltttgitixree f1‘(ii)I‘lf1 service, (.-.m11c1 n0t,i11
:T1m,t is,

L'1pe11 the sh1.v'ery q1'1eet.i.m1,I)e1fx:1oc3':1.t.e took the Sitcle of the

their j11<':1g*11i1e1h1t, 1.'ig1‘1t.‘f1111y ’i,1:t1te1‘fere with .~:s1:‘LVe1'y.

ri.cr11t.~3 of the S13:*LtL?¥S w.h‘ieh he 3 .t>e1t1ed to he the sicle (TT)f elzwervg
CD 4 ha ‘

ltmt they did this, not hec:::L1;1se they" were for s1m'e1~y, but he-

<f::n.1LL$e they were for the fStz‘tt.ee. .
This S12".LVGt]‘y :tg;it:;tti01t1 V218 c-.cmt;'n111ed for tnintmy  It

hinvolvecl irxloml t‘l..*f§ Well. as 1;)01itic::1.1 queeti<:>ns; the 1"ig11tS(‘)f

g0ve1'1'1n.1e11t ever the gc>ve1'1.1ec1, as Well :1.e the extelmt of Fede-

ml power. h Men talked then of the }h1ig~I1e1' law, mxd of :3, fluty

above the C01;1stitutim:1,. Tt diwidecl the I)eIn.0c.1'::Ltic. pmty it-V

self, 2111.01, Th :31. degree, took the place of the 1;>1‘e\riou>3 q1'1eeticm.~:<

V about t11ec1iSt1'i1mti0n of the p<:>‘we1'e of g0ver111:ne11t.‘ 1VJIe:m"

t.in1e:3L11eW genere.t,io11 was growing; up, zamd the eha11g'esi11
the :nature of the e<:>u1‘1’t1ry iteelf-h--—"»v1:1ic-.h, in the end, p1'c>Ved
more e0ht1‘o11ing thzm a,1‘1ypuh1i(: ("1’1SC.1111SSi(’)1'1 or pr-;L1"r.y mc~.ti<im———
were becoming eomplete.

 ‘When the O01'1Stitt11ttiOI1%Wa:S adopted it was t}1t011ght that the

15

da11ge1' of the f11tm'e x_vz"»1..'si-1, 11101; that the new gc>ve1'nment; would
a,hs0rh too 1;n11c~.h power, but t.h:~1,t theS1;2;Lte g<;>Ve1'11n1e1"1t.s;: w'o111("1
c1'ipp1<-3., resist,‘ mld defy it.

Un<5le1' the c.i.1'c:111“ns‘r.:?1.1i1(.303 then exAist’ing, these vi.ew.~_:: were
’p1‘<;>1_):?1,1h)]y jltétihfieuil. Bllt the i1’11:.1'()<:hu:ti<)11 uf ste:1..r11. 11a.‘\'i_sg;:1.ti()1h‘1
g::.1,ve :1. 1143  :m<’l Ir1:1.1"v011011s: <;1e\'<3IQp1'1.*1e11t to the xmtllml. unity
of tj}_nc3 ]:1.n<1. For In) .~smi>11c»1' hzhufl the .~4t,e:1.11h1h1><:>:1.t 1>og;11t1 
jo1'11'1my$ up the g;1h'e.:;1.t 1'ive.1.'.~:2. of t}1c>. i1,1te1.“io1', th:1.1*1 it.'(h'mv to-
g<;at.11e1‘ within cfl:?1.ys of ezmlm cwtlxer, pcaoplo 1h>he.f'()1‘o S(31.)211'2.Lt@(.‘:l‘
by \v(;re,ks. Th1:1.s i1i1t.e1:1*'1:1.]. t.m.<31e \v:71,s dt-?V'h(:‘.1O‘1f)(?§(471 mm] with it
wealth zuuil 1:)c>p111z:1.t3i.c>1'1 i11<::h1'(-'.>.::1,.¢se.<7l,, :m<t:1hy ’r,}i1,es0 in t11:1.':n new
11I:1e::L1"1s ofAint.e1‘—-(mmmmni<m1‘.im1 ‘\V01‘c> 0st.;"L1;)1iS}"mc'.1. :I:{m‘1.c1.<: ;w'c;e1‘<>
c;s;\:t.e1h1<“1e.<f1, t.1'11-1:1pi.l;<(:*..~;< 1'>ui;It, o.n,1“1:‘1.1s (fling, 1:)c)st 1‘(Tf)11mS n:1111ht:i1;>1hied,
11e2V\'.9:p::1.}_»e1's (‘Iis1;r.ih11tf.e<1 ; <}l:<L_y hvy <‘?1:JLy the 1;)e.<:)]i>Ie: glfehwv’ 1'ic+.he1- ;
th<:=, xxril<L1.ea1'11ess Wm 317.915» by st.<—;~1;i» <imc21‘1:_pi@(:1 :1.11<§l <':>ve1'cc>1'ne, ;, tmde

mxcil ilf1tz@I.'C(;])l1l,‘H(-3 1‘)(~?’f:VV’"(;%(ié1Il c1i:ffe:1'<43.nt 1::>::1,1:'1'..~:s' i1‘]C‘...1‘(;".:?l.Se(“l, 1’L1”1(T1 :1, hetztc-.1‘

1111<1<31h'$t:1V1h‘1di11 g; :‘1.mj1 gm:h1,te1‘hom(;>ge11e(>11s:1‘1em zmmcmg the pe<')]_::)hlca

of tlm <‘1iffm-mat S(7:Lt.GR f<)1l<;»‘wcad - untiil :1/c« lzmt t.h.e Ra-Ihilh ML W215‘
9 Y

i11w11‘r,ecl,, clmxviclxg t<)g<;».t}1e1.' w.ithin }:1h<)1‘11's:,’t]"10 }:)<a»()}:h;)Io. W11<;m:1 talinu

ste:;1.1‘1:h11*)c>;<,L’r. }“'l'::‘.l‘(-‘:17 o11ly h1r<i>11g1i1t. ‘;Vit,]1‘i\rI1 <'51:s1,y.s' of <;>:u:~.11 0t.ho1- ; :m<7l h

tllam last, :'L11<f1 1'rh10:e:.4t <;:m1f.1':L1izihu <;:)‘L" zllll, tlm teleglmfrll \7£~':*1;'S‘ 7intr(:>-

<h1cse<,1, p11t1'.i1"1g 21.11 1.>:~L1h't.%<1>i"131ml:1.n<1 TiIlt(T> i.1".1s1::u1tcon1m1h11h1fi<::1[hti<;h>11A

with em.(;:]”1 <:)tI"1m'. % h 
I3ey(>1h1<71:7L11this, of 21.11 ’r,l"1e. t}‘1ih1'ty-sevelx St.:mteJS, twollhty-fm11'

11ev'e1' WG1'@()lTigiI12:l.1 St:?Ltes at all. h N eamly zmlhlhof tI:1ese ]'l:91-’V’(3

known no life. tlmt 'xV:‘:m nut ]f>m't. of or cc)1111ca0tec1 with tlmt, of
the Fe(.‘1@.1:':<L1 C‘xoV'e1+11hIxm.1“1t. Fmnl thei1' emsliest :.~'et”.t1.cm‘1e11t 13110)’

fiwmse Fedem1T Te1:'1'it<:>1:ies, h1i_x*i1hhmg txptm I¥“ec1<—3.1*:;-1.1% ,hmmt,y, ‘h (2011-

trollecl by hI4‘ec1c:>1-:11 ofiiciacam, smhject i1h1hh.:11lt1:1i11g.sv to .F‘eder:LL1 leg»:

islation - and 'xV}w11 ’ohe* c-mne at last to 1')ehSt.z1I1;es: t}1ei1' m 516*
V 3 1 ‘ 3 h V

0o1:11.<:1 not forget the te1h'1'it<:n'i:11 1'91:-mi<;>h1h'1:+:h‘0f their G2%Ll‘l.i€.’I‘ ‘ye-um,
1101' l1a.veht1m.t3 Statpe plficlle h:>u1<.7l that Ve11e1'2Ltim1 for Stztte hriglmts

which the. citizetms of the origixmal States p%ossess.%

 

16
F_r0m the moment, the1'ef<:n'e, the question of Slzwery ripened
into hseeeseion, zmd thus hrought on :11, test of "p}1ysic:—L1 stre1:1 gth,

. the e}:1m'.1ges in the nature of the em1r1t1'y were a,ppe1'ent. It

would have been just as 11111:m*fh1 to have seeeded fifty yGfl~"le'S
hefo1'e,h11t}:1rLc1 s11e11 e seeessiell then <)(3cu1'1.'ec1, it \“v011lt<’1 not h:1,\'e
heen put down. But, when the late War h1'0ke out, the people
of the North, who Imd hee11.1a.1‘ge1y t1':1de1's, 1."I1ft1‘11'1fz"LCt111‘01‘S :1.f1t1<f1

t-lfzwelem, i1’1S’f:iI1(3tiV€~31y felt th:?Lt these States .h:td 1T)(;‘L‘.(’)I1l.(..‘

ztettmlly ec>11s01i(?1zi1.tei“1ztmd (me, mufl muet he kept t.c>g;c~t1‘1e1* _; and
with a Wo11<fler.f_'u1 Ilmmimity, they 1;.>e1.'1:ntitte<:1 t11(‘;*:F€*-("1€i)':1\1 p:Lw'm' h

tn exercise dttring the War g‘e11em.1e :md :'1.hec.>1ute :u.1t'1101>;it.y'.
But the people of the South who 11:L(11'eI11a.ined e}“1ie'fly z1grie1.11—
tlnists, z1;n10r1g whcmxl the planter was; the fi1‘S‘b critizen,$\V}“x<;>s<:
te1'1'it0ry Vves mue1:1 imore .spa1'ee1y settled, eynmd whose tmde :‘1.1‘1c".l
me:-me of intereommmixiezttion were few  <f1e‘ve101;‘:>e<:1, helie\«'-
ed in no sue1t1 ecm.s01.i<t1:?tti.<;.n‘1, :5-mcl smv in Uniml no 1"1céc:.ecsse"ity'.
The Wm 1,1stified the j11<ig1'r1eI1t of the N01.~th., ::md. proved fmr
the preselhmt ztt lenet, the 1::mtic>1‘1:tLiety of the W}101GmCf()1il1]tI‘y. In

% m.1'1fy'i11g; on the ‘vv'm.‘ the Fedeml. C§h:>w"e1éI1u1et1t 1'm.<:1, heeideee e.\:~

V e1.'ei.si.11g its 01.'<:1i,1t1e::1,ry 1.)<:>Vve1+.s;*, i.1:1‘1_1;::>1ieeee<i1 eitizene, nlstde foléc-.e(1 ~

1<)e11.s, 111<..m<,:>p0l.ized the eo11t,1-01 ef the hz1.11]<s mad e111_r1'e1i1cy,
:m'ested on S11fipiC3i(.)l'l, i.n:1].i>ris<t.me<f1 at will, e1:1e1;)e11<7le<1 I*Ie1e)e:L.-'
C01'p1;1s, 1-esihted the "3e111*ts,:t1h1<]t done all. tlxie not o1h11eywit;h<t.)11t
t}1eveonsent, 1;)11teg:1,i1‘1st, the 2urrne<T1 1'esist:L1‘1ee~ of .e<m1e, zLr1<;f1 the
protest of uthere of t1“‘1eeSt:1tes. .1311 slwrt, it exe1'etiee<f1 t:,}11*<;>1_1gIh1-
out, of its own W111, the _moet ge11em.1 {Mld the xncmt :ths<<)111te
ne,ti0na,1 1;)owers.

The Wm? 1'ee1‘1t1tte(l in the n.1:>o1itioh_ 0:! .93I:L\'e.1-y and the

eonquest of theSc)11th. VVith hpe:;1ee t1:1eU11it¢e<1 S’t:,1.te~' s:t«t;m<;1

forth with but twenty-five Stzittee, the (.i)tvh(§:1.‘S ’\v<;m:s its
conquered %ter1'it0jry.t ‘But it ::14tm><_1 f<,>rth with h11:1t.ie<.;h>%1m1t 1m;=.~<t.i

zmdh power second to no ec>h1.1r1t1.'y 1’1p<:>11 ea.rt.h.

 Ft()110‘Wil’1g'hth@ Wm‘, caxne reeonet1'1wtio1e1, with the 1'eg111::1.t.i%r::.>1h1t1

—

 

 

 

 

17

of s1:1ff1.‘:we 51,11 cl tline (::<:>nt1-é(;>l of elecmiorw 1:) Oo1‘1o~_1-ess arid
L‘: . _ . D 3
fi1;1:1Lll T the esta,l)l.isl1n.1e11t of its L)()W(31‘ over Ves‘r.ecl 1*i.<'vll1ts. ‘ All
3 as

in effect \V()1‘l{l1'1g :1, 1'e.v01ut.ion ; zm mvolutiolgx wl1ic.li1 the
<;3l,1:a,11ges in blue pl'1ysic;z*Ll c<:>1:1<lit‘ion of t3l'1e country lm<.1l<31‘1.g l:)eeI1
.j>1'e.;>::u'i.111<‘»‘ tl’1Q*.\ mc) ;:»l.c~3. for but 'Wlf1."lClT1 tlfxe ’W"2?<L1‘ '_)1‘GC3'lfi.')il.t2?Lt;(5Ll.
l 1 :3  2 A I

Amtl yet; (:l1‘11‘i11g ::Lll t.ll10.~fse ye:-Lm of W: .1.‘ zmxil of re.c.<:>11st1'm;:-
him. the Der;x_;1_m31':'1.t,icz lf’:lu't. ' mised ins‘ v<;>ic:e for the. '1+i0'l.1ts of

3 «T33
St:mt.c3.s, :2:1.1_1cl zfLg2_',‘::.L'i1l1.~;t. the1131211-p::Lti.o11s0f tlle. Fe<?le1::1.l C-}0ve1,*1:11'x:1ca11t.
But. t.ll1:liLt cry l'«l1l.(f71l.g'l..l\ l1e:L1*<l Wz§!.S not ll.1e.0£le'(Tl. .An<.‘l it W:==L.s3. 1:101;
}ll1.<::e<?lca<l 1m 3:‘: blue csi1'c:1l11’11.~:4t,:a1,nczar; :m<:l <:.(;m<:lit,:i.<::>1l1 of tlm <:*.<;>111i1tr 7*
3

xvczre C3lJ‘1t:L1.1g0(.7l, ;1;mt A1)ca'l::‘A1.‘1ll1$c;a the pc3<)1;>l.e .110 1011 :{?:*Lv<:;1'<=2,d

l,lIjIlltL}€l :1.ml lc)<::1.lil:/Ami <r(>v<3.1'I1.m0»11t; ::1lt1e:1.st $.:<;> 'l":‘1l.'1'l:1.h‘."(.l’lTl(;3 tl‘1<:>1.w'l1t
1:5 7 . L‘: M

all-ji)<;>ut1..p1'il1i(:i‘ple$ at 21.11.. :I;31:1t silmx;-3. lirvl-i-"7lliV‘t““L‘\"||8l‘)E1 zixml ll<:_><::Lliz(;:<fl _g;<.)V~
<:w1'1n'1m'1t "Vvem j1:>1.*c;=a.isl.‘e.1l1tl.@.<l 11.u(lo.r (;fill.‘01lll.’Y1Sl3fl.‘l7l.(.3GS ‘ol.l1:’su3 l.11V(T)l.\'l"0(ll,
:;l.S blue. ];>e.<)1f>Ie tl1<:;>1l1gl1.t., 11:1.t,im'1zmlity :'91,m:l 121110 11lec:c;~ss:L1'y :.:111‘>1l'c;z1:1‘1.:u;-.y
<:>f the. Fe<:le‘1?:e1.l. (tJl"O'V'tE!1‘1ll'I'l;‘l.(Z’zll1’(':, :;m<.’l .9i1l1<;-.0. t;.l‘w.y Vve.1'c7: (‘1.(4““t;’(“1§.I‘>I.‘I’1i‘]l{;B(’?F1D
:1.l:mve all ’ul1il1‘1gss, n1::>(:;>n 11l1l::1.il1*.1m:i1lli1il)g n:1,t.i<:>rm.1li.t.y, tlmy ".‘1Cl(‘,.1i.‘(llc.'.11(E]» 221.5
tlmy (lid.

I11 t.l1<;ei1.~ 11:?Lta11m, in tlmiir claw <22] <:;>p11*:1c.~.1‘1.13, in tlmi:1l' 1'c:al21.Lt,i.c>1"l1l:s', Aim.
tli1e.ir i1i1te1%c:<)t11+s3e, ‘nlll1ca";$}‘t'.:il>1,t3c:x:l4 l1:’1.vca fl1‘Ll(lC‘»Q.(:‘l g1‘()‘W11lt(i‘)Ag(3tli1€§1‘ ; :?:u:1<il

:1, gc31l1.e‘1#:Lt,i<l)1l1 l:m::»' <3,<:m1.c.a 1111:)‘ 'Wll‘l<1‘)S(?*. l:il<il(.a:;»m of %t.h,<:: l1;'6.all:':a,tlic>11 (.i)f t;h«:2 ‘ ‘

Fe,(l(a.1':‘L'1 Gr(‘T)V’”(3TI'}fi1II‘llt&1lJ13 to t.lm St:Ltem,l SC) fm f1r<:m1 :1Lc.:cs<,>1*<li.1r1gl with
t.l1e. l31.‘1;1(‘-9. 1.'c:ll:l:Ltic)1:1, :Lc:c;<;>rc.'ls .+:.L15l“1c::1* 'w:itli1 tlw 1'c:a;l I‘C3l.‘?Lt.l.(.)1’) of tltxe.
Fea<:lem1 (.T}(T)V'(i?9171fil'I.il.l(;‘»l7Ll’C: to 13110. r.l.‘C¥I'l.'l.l3(L)I'l(3H. If you <:a.1i1q11i1.‘e. of the

l ounn‘ In.e11 of film c:<;)1:n1t1'l .‘1L1’l(1 of tlfm W<:>l1‘11m1 of \vl1:a;tc:aV*m'l :1. Are-
l an

you will filiufl l:l).27iLl3, am to at l.e:mt tl1‘1*ee~fo111*tl:1s of tllmnx, $11011 

tl%1elx1a,t1l11'e of VV'l'1:"Ll3@.V’(i3I‘ views on the s11l.)je<.3t tlxey ha.ve.l

If, tlwxn, tl:‘1elc:ll1::Lr1g@u<s i11:1%th.e c:o1111try,i.b:3elf Imcl in lJl"1('3 ilcleazms
of the 1;>cac>1;i>le.l1:a,V<:3 lgreera so g1'es:»m3,lc>111* fimt duty isrto xrecog-:
.niz«;=,~. the fa.<3t.l It. is; 21.1lwa.y:;~; am dt1tylf1t-m1l:1.y to 1'c-"aa<.>gr‘1ize

m~u1, to nmlrm. tlm limzst of tile inevita.l:)1.ce.   .AT1lC.’illhOVV’(3V(3«1‘l(fl1(3é3L‘I‘l

it Illiity lye to  who }s;Lre f2"il.II1ilia1“ with the csoxxlxpirornises of
tltxelOc>'mz1;it11til01**1 zmcl the 1*ilgl1l13:::~.: of 1:119 %St:;ttes,ltha.t the Fec..le1'::m1

 

18

GreVer111x1e11t}'1ee 2?1.SSl.1lI16d]_)O\V(:31‘S alike 1:mW:?m*a,1;1ted a,nd 1.1I.1-

he0r1stit11ti011e1, We must not let the 11nzw0idab1e logic of our

eollvietions, prevent us f1'<7m1. rememhex.-ing that hehi11d:1.11 emr1-
etittltimle 1'e11m,i.t1e the 1'ig11t of 1'ev01uti011. Th::-Lt wh:21.t the pee-
ple as it Whole, really, eoherly, zmd fi.m:t]t1y dete1'mi11e 11p<;m,
they Wi11.1’1.‘«;1.V0, mad, as this dzty 1'e111i11ds. us, ]‘f12:1;VG :-L 1'ighttt<:>
lmve. For :t1'ter M1, this Federal GroVe1'1m;1e1;1t V'::LS estehldieltxetl
by the People, zmd for the People. Its; just right::s' depend 111;)-
on th.e'11_' e01;1se11t. They did indeed e1'd:*.1,i1'1 $1. f1111d.m11e1.1.t:;1.1 law,

and p1'ese1~i.be11m’ zildolile it should be emellded. But 9, new

e011diti.<:>1:1 of t11i1J.ge 1i1:iwi11g 1il1.‘iSG1‘l. they imsietecl 1‘1pOl1 eI.1:m1t1g;_;;ee
in that Iew mut]. did in feet <311e.1'.1 it. PG1.‘h:?L1I)S 1reg*11I.e1'1y £a,r.1 d
‘Wisely, :m.<::1 pe1'}:1:Lps, ms 11105517. of us lmve thc>1:1ght, di.1*1'eg111:2L1*1y
tmd mlwieely, 1:m’r. nmle th}11e  did they ehmil it.
the e0111'ee. of pew‘e1', ::L<:3e01111.t:thIe only to tIt1emeeh1t\u'ee 3 ::m<i1 if
there be :mythi1’1g in the werlcil the ];)(~3(i1)1L)1€3 of‘ these I.:Tl'1Zi130C1
St.:Ltee have settled, zmd settled im'eVoe::L1:>1y, it  th:'1.t this is :.
11f'Lt-i011, not :1. czoexetxfcaclemtioml of sovereign States 3‘ that within
its lixnidte st1:1;ve1'y elxetll. .remn.ih :;1.1)e1i.~‘3he«;:1, and pe1iti.e:1,1, 1rig;];1dte1e)e
<:1eui,ed to no ir1;1m1 1:)em1ee of mee 01- color, :7md that the Fedé
e1-:11 G«;'>ver11111e1t1dt sdh:.1,11 have 1:)oWe1' to p1.'e:~:4e1've and enfm'ee
these ri.gI‘1t.e.

VVe find <:)1d11'eca1ves, therefore, f:u:+.e. to tfeee t}1;i.~:.: day with it
new ~.:s'idtu::1.ti<;m. A V2LSt17OVVt§]?ft1]. Imited I1:1ti()11 lme ta.ker1 the

place of a few sepemte-+ imd ecw'e1d'eigrd1 States. Our ee11t1':tl.

govet-1m1e1t1t 1:1:Ls,hy :m1e1e1dmerrt.s, by (:o11st.r11etid<m, by 27LSS111‘l.).1§.)-

htion, but, above :11], by the 0()1'1S€‘.1113 zmd "Will of the people,

:fm1.d)e<;)1-1d;)ec1 ell the e111')et.:t1'1tj.:m1 powers of gove1'm:r.1e11t. It  idle
teetten1pt to roll‘ back the paste a;11.c1 tot 1'et11rn to those eon-
et1*uetihm1sh of t11eC«o11stituti0n new so repeatedly rejected. If
We eeuld reduce 0111' populéxtion to 2'1, few millioms, Without the
stemfnbe:a,t, the mid1Wa.y, mm (1 the te1ec=1gmp11, then it might he

They are e

f

V poesiblete restore the tetliet State rights e<:met1-11eti011of the e

 

19

 But if We 0:-mnot. undo the physio.a.1 elmxmgee which have
led to these pc>1i.tie:a,1 results, ewe (32?LI11]l_Ot expect to I.'(‘¥VO1'S€“

those 1'esu1te.

But. if We could reverse t".h0:s'e 1'esu1t.s', we s}'1011ld. even then

but 1m1,'t.i:>1,1tl_y" 2‘-L11d i41'1.h1¢perfeetly 1'e111e('1y the e\'hil.~‘< Wh‘it<:+f}‘1 now

exist.

'J.‘hese. evils £".L1f'iS(E!, fimt zmda{l:;mve:Ll1, T ‘r.1.1iuk, f.1'mn. the peWe.1'
of p1-i.'vete zmd ;s;(]_‘>e<:r.ie:1,1 Iteg;is1:?Ltic)1:1. ‘
In :1. pom.‘ :u1<§l spm.'.~3e ee1‘111;m:u1ity ust eet:m1hh>1eis}t1,;i11g :1, geve1'1‘1-
ment,  this Smte was it eentlury ego, the lc>e:iL1 <:.111eetie11s :1.m1
jlfiut es. the State

g1.'c)w*s richer the O1)1..)C)1.'fi1ilI’1iti,GS for 17)1“Ofit in the l.'om.1 of g1.‘:‘:u:1ts

}")t‘.iV’:Ll.t@ elteime W}{liC:1'l exist are i.1'1eig1i1_ifi.c:e1xt..

of spcaeiel. mivielegee zsmcl f:':.me11isee it11c*:1_*c>.u.se, rmd the ir7u:11h1ee-
11.1.e1"1,te to eo1'1'L11:>t 1e.ggisl4ztti.0.11 i«11te1'e:71.ee with tI"1csse :;Le<:<i)1‘di1h1g1y.

N eW Y“m'k hf-LS 1"1(;“)W :11, ]ji'><f>pu1:1,ti<:)11 1t2m1*gcsh1r ::1,1i1,(1 ’\~':;l;St[fy 1'iehe1;' t}'1:fL1f1p

tlmt <;:>::I:' the Wlmlte c;:<f'>1h111t1'y' at the Rev<:>111t‘it(.')1:1. Men em: fi‘1;1t<71f<inr-

' t1t11t1es1;‘>y the n1c>11e1;.m1t‘ies of fer1"iee an (1 1‘¢:;:';L<11s:11t1t(1st1'eeteit.s iI}egie-

1::1.tu1'e em: grmlt. 'l.‘he pc:)we1* tllzitt.L(;§g‘i.S1fIL1}1.l 1'i)<:>ssc;aeecae 13(5) c-.1'e:1,th.e

c-.01-Apc>1re,tie1t1,e, to :emtIt1.<:')1t*izet (‘.C)I”Il1T")i11iil.ti(f)IlS,, to g,_g;1.':L11t ];;>h1-i.hxe'i1.eg(ae,

and c:e1‘1fe1' epeceizitlt rights is; the 1;_:>eWeh1* to e1:11'i<::~.h one mml. at tlhle

(*‘3Z3‘{l1‘TTj)(l‘.1t1S€*.h()‘f the Whole. Few SO11ght sueh r;zeh1e1101;>e]tiee in the em-lye
t(f'1z"LyS of the State lyeczzmee few such nxcmepol.iee were then ‘fé%1‘11a“ h

We ; lmt 1'1 OW, that sme1:1 g1”‘fi,1H3Sh27l.\/‘<3’1t)G!(3(')]I11€%'V£‘l.1l1£t1f)1(3, thlhxcmetwlhxe
szeek them 1:)eeie5g;e the Legie1.et1'L1re for their gift until it #11213 <i:>:f:'
late Ayemre heeeme 2?» prey to .ee}‘1e1:x1es for p1'iva.te g*tm11t;s. an (:1
privztte geixthle. Those who  such gmumte not only seek to

h i1e1fi11e1th1ee%2m<“1 eormpt the Legi.s1e;tu1'e but to ecmt1*to1. it. Be-

gi.1111i1h1gWit11 the pt'i.r11e.1'ies they put their men f0rW::L1'<:1, OM11-y-

hing them through the 11oIi1i1mting (conventions mlél S1ISt:1'i11iI’1g'
them at the polls, so that such members, if e1.eeted, got to

Albany, not to represent the people, but the jebbers that elevated
them. Every year the number of p1-ivete mats i.11c:1r(a2:Lses3. They

   

 

1111mber a11'e:«.Ldy nine-tenths of the ’Wh(7)1(3 1egis1atic)11. W'e h.€we

indeed repe:-mtedly seen the Legielntlltfe e0nti111.1ing to sit for
weeks beyond :1 1egiti111:mte ees§si<:>11 With011t imy known or 1e.W-
ful eo1n1:$e11se,t.io11 1:)ec-mlee of tbe number of its 1;>1'iva.te bills.
I11dee<:1, no ptlblie :1L£1x':111t.:tg'e 0:‘-m1 result from any priv.‘-Lte.
grzmt ; While, as 1'eg::1,1'de 1(_T>(I.‘,:'-ll 1eg'ieb1:;1,t.ibo11, since the Leg;is1.:2tt111*e
c:::L1t;1110t know What 1'0ede or 1)1'i(igee or cc_>rp01':1.ti01y1s are neede(;1
in p:i::,1'tic~.L11::u' localities, in acti11g on e11e1’1b zmd kindred q1e1eetit01ye1.~s'
it e::1.11110t but act. b1inc11_y, if not recklessly fmcl <30r1:upt1y.

Such evils are not eoxixfined to New York. T1“1eyprev:ti1i1‘1:21,l1
the States Where p1'iV:.1,te.legielation is of “-y'::t1\l'.1(ifi zmd i.spe1.'mitted.
They are zunong those evils I 1'epeet Which were not. f<:>1'e~—
seen, 3.1161 eotlld 11ot11:we1;*>ee1‘1 :?mticsipz=1.te<?1 by the ]1*‘f?L13]t1C¥l‘E§. And
yet their cure lies in :3. simple exte11eio1y1 of tlmt ge1y‘1be1‘:i1.l 1_jn.'i1‘1ei}_f>]_e
of 1i_111it;i11g the 1'::1.1g;e smd :7u3.t.im1 of g0v‘e1'1‘1n:1e1:1bt which liee

at the f01:,u1deti.<7)11 of the Fe,the1*.fs" syete111. In eVe1'_y State of

V t.}1i::-.1 Union mixcl in most E11r0pee,n 1m.tio~11s it 1‘".lfrLS been found

‘ €3SS(31f1ti:‘l.1 to im.p<:>se ecmme ec)1y1.etit11ti01m.1 1ir1b‘1itz:Lti.c>1:1e 111mm g<)“v~4

e1-11m.e1:1t. So that w1'1ether  by 1ff)G1'.'fHL‘01‘1S born to

place, or (3h.OSe1‘"1 by the 1::)eo1;f)1e, gc)y'V‘"e1'1‘1111e11t eb01f1I.c1 eqtmlly be
1'eetmi1:1ed, in f:>1,Vo1' of i11divid11z7-L1 1‘ig}.1t.~:~'. fmm eXe1'eiei11 c.*.e1'-
tein. pC)W'Eé1‘S. On the same p1'i1'1c:i1:b>1e, Wh::Lt  needed to ml)-
ta.1"1.tie.11yboverecmle the evils 1'ee111ti11g; from the late e11<5>m:1011:~f<
g1-owth» of private ::md special legieletioxm is to 1'e.st.1~ibc:t; the
Legislature from sue11 powers of 1egis1et.im;1. 7 T}f1i.e Ime
elready been done in some of the Weste1y'1‘1 States, no-
tably in the RepL1b1ie:m State of Iowa, a.11.<:1 with the best
efl:'eete. In tlmt State the Legis1a,ture is p1'ohibite<.1 by the

f“1111i1an1e11te1 lyaw fzmrxx ]_:>asei11g any private iatet. VV1m.teve1' bis

gr} I I I I ‘
dcme nxuet be done by pubhe eet equally open to e11yc+.1t1zens.t

Such :21 provision. may be a.ttenc"lec1 at times with some incon-

venie11ce,'tho‘11gh I dbotlbt even the need of tlmt, but S[lG17li11- V ‘

eonvenieneet if it exists is of small ixnportenoe e0n11:>2u°ed with

W

2:1

the 1f_)l11‘”)1i('.'. §g;o0<t1 Wh.iAc}1 must. l1G(f€C#SS€’:1.1‘i1y 1'es111t. f1'cm1p11tt-i11g
ml, :m1';>so1.1.1te cmd to 0<f>1,'1'1.1pt leg'is1:mtih<)11 by (lap)-i‘vi.11g*the Legis~
1£1,tu1'e of 1311163 1i>0‘W01' to permit 1:>1111’1de1'. Tlfle. late ::?1,1:1:1e11d1‘neuts
to 0111' C011st.it11ti%o1"1 p1'o];msec1 by the Ccmst-itutioxml C<:m:m1is—

.<:.ion, n1t.]%"1c:)11g151 in t]i1i.‘s;' 1rc~s1;i>(sct less t,]%%1()1'<‘*>11glL1 t.-}“1:”-L1-1 I ce0111<:1 have

Wislmci, Wm11<1 hm'e. ]f)Ci(.!1f.1 ::L 101mg‘ st,1-_i<1e in ‘(.130 1'ig}*:1t <:1i1'ec+t.io1"1,
:’»u1dtI:w. n'11113i1:1ti%(:m of t}1os(a z;m1e1‘1d1ne11t1s by* ‘rm-. IJeg‘is1:1tx11'c>

is, i1‘1Vc10e<"1, g;1fc:x:?1.t'1y t<:i> be 1'c$g1-c~tt.ca<1. 1%")? mmthin .41-ut>1%'tc>ii’ :1

c}fx:1.1:1gca in t.1w flim<?l:"L1'1‘1m)1::*LI 1::LVV will effecm :'-1, (aura of t.}‘x<::s.~"4c;» cw'i%1S. 

F1'(:>1.'11.’r.111e, vmry1%1:?L13'11:1>m:>f t1‘1i.11g.s*  1<;‘>1:1g :i{L'S_‘[3110171C3(%Q?Si€4:"L1.‘y 1:m1)— 
11i(i‘. ].cagis1:‘1.13‘i<"'>1%1 is .9m;1:‘21,11, z1;m1 1;")1'iV:LtC¥ l_og;is1:w1ti<V)1$1_ is 1?z1.1‘g;el.y _1:m1>'fit- 
:“1.1:)I.e, so 1(;').l.l must, $11011 <;2’vil,s 130. in $1, ‘_<.__;'1r<=2.:a,t<:~:1f (fin:  c%1cag14'ec3 '
10<;)]<.m1 ifor, ml <71 I'c;+:f"<f>1'1':11 in 1::I'1c:asc: 1.'c»s1M‘>c;~(:-t.s 1)1‘(I)'V0 1:11:11? 1{T):3L1‘ti£’L1 :7m<’l
1:m‘1;V1V1:) <;:>1':‘1.1'y. A $t".:“Lt“.ca in VV*}'li(’3}11 11101.1 :11'c:~. left. my 1*’ 1111 1i1'w1‘tt.y to
f(I‘f).H(f)’VV" t}‘m.i1:' T1..‘,“‘)]“i"":‘L‘tM'(~“ 1:>1j1;<i141c=>.Ws¢.'~“: Wi1i,I:xc>m; t»1?<:)1flf>1:i1*1 t‘1‘1c:1‘%1;ixsc¢].%\*cs
:;1,1:%:>(L:>121t 1:)1*:11">1_iA<;‘+. 2i1,fl?2"l.i1'S is, (i1(i)1l‘1\)t1€?SS, 21. 1l'f1()H13 f<:>1't.1‘1n:1t“.(a Stmca, }.')1‘(i”)-
vi<‘1m'l s1‘10}:*1% 1;1%c:rQ;'1_(2<iet. ::-m be ,}:?L:f'c>.l.y 1:>e1.'I'1:1it;tc2<1, :im<:1 w'i.I‘l. :nc>t:

1‘1c:cws:s:z‘L1%'i1.y <;>.11(1‘i11. 1c>2%Lv‘i1:1g tlm f:}‘,'O‘\v'€§1.'I1I‘!Tl.G31‘l,t to 1311c: \VC)1.‘St, (1.9 _
mill 9"";r.;:-welt w..~/zwaW?m39~ Z7/M? ‘ v.(%m"szf (I,lr r/w jaw;/‘lit by (2r;m~'2.<"Za.m2timy 5/rjmn 
(:W2.m.cm.Zf. Wee ..s?1.1:L]1. Im ‘fl.‘@(}% to i1'x<1*1'11gc~ in mu;-.1;1 1*1eg;1.eiacst. in }3>1'<;)»- ‘
pci)1~t.‘im:1 .2%L.~s' We: Iirnit 121149 1:mwm* of gm(:1-1:11:x':1.cmt; £Lg'2§Lil‘lS1‘: 1‘:I"1.:’Lt pri-
'v:a,to; ibfld .~:4}*‘)c:a<::i%:a,1% 1u‘gis%l%zILtic‘:1j1 Whit:-.h m‘I?o1:~d:ts i1'1<;1%11<:~(:eIx1(‘:1"1t;sz to (emu 1
1'11pbic>1%1, m:u:7l 1.'c!$t1‘i<:t. it to t1':l(7)SC‘.. ‘p1.11"‘)1i.0 I11(~3£.LE'»11l.‘(I¥S vv‘hic.l1, 0pem-
% ting‘ c2q11::1.].%ly<f[>1V1% all (j:iti2$(1*.I“lt"i-‘., 1.e:1'\'e: no S1.T>C~‘.C1i2?L] ::~1,<:1“.‘*2~1,1i1‘r..:ga,g_;,,V~*(;2‘ to "lm
% s<:>11ght% 01' gz:Li1’1e<‘3l bym:1y. VVl::un:1 so much <:>.f I<ag;is1at,i%%%<;i>I*1 113%
especially f~Lff(fi(3:17S t}“1osc3 1<‘>c::<:x.1i,t.ie.<_:%i.<:z 1.'e1cag~ate(1%t0 U118 c.~.m.mty and
town :>u11;1*101~i,t,i<w;~..: ; W}’l(3Il c-.1.:mirr1.<; 2Lg:mi1;%1st t}w State (emu only be
" rece0v%e1'e<1 though :2» c~,<:')1i.11't3 of j*Lt1stice§; ’W}.‘1(i%11 tltm, I40g‘i.$1::7Lt111'e is
. :a;et11a,1%1%y strippcaésl of the 1)owm' of giving %1;i)1*i¢v:::LtAe gm111:s}'11<1d
slaeceial privileges :‘~u1d%1egisla.tio%r1 as to s11‘c:1“1 thirmgs  xfnnctle MI)-A
solutely ge1*1eml4, thcm, and ‘n0t%1.1n.ti1 tyllen, W*i11.the,1re be in t}il(":3t§.X@

A: reass1:)c«:cets~—%I$1.c'> m:wtt<a1' ‘%W1”1ic}L1.%};m1‘ty  in  power-~—-pca1'n1a1<1e1r1t

no...

 
   

r

impr0ve111ent in 1egisIatic)11.

e1‘;:)'.i1:m,ti()1-1:3 and to 10g~1'c>1.1i1'1

duceme11t to e0rr11pt.i011 will e0:ni1e also.

22

VVI.1e1'e the ea1'eass 1‘C*.111f.Lil1S there
will the vultures be also. %

If t1;1e1'e1:)e :1. necessity for such 1-este1':?1.ints ~1;1po1‘1't{he Stme
3‘r0‘\'e1'x1111e1e1ts, still more are they likely to be, :'~:L11("1 mt. rm disa-
t.-:'mt time needed in 1'espeet of the Fedelnl. pc>We1'.

VVhe11 (_‘Jo1e1g1'ess shzmll have fully entered on the 1;i)11si11esS of
priV:m’r.e legislationxg ‘W11G1'1 it .:s*11:;11el pm-oeeed g‘e11ea1':"1.11y', :15: it 1151:;
juet 1_»egu11 to do, to g1:2u1t pri wmte C2}.'1£L1't€¥];‘S :fmc1 c-.re:1te ::~_q'»eci:e1,],
p1'iV"11eg;esm1d :f1'5L1‘1eIi1ieeses 239/'2, if/M xS'm2:(3.s', the 1+ese1:11et will be to
m1ite 1113011 Wzxs11eie1e1gto1e1. 51.11% the "lc>1)bi.<v:~.~.ss ::m<;’l ‘improper i1e1°fl11~
eneegs‘ 110w distributed ::m1o11g the V2"-.L1‘i()11fI~‘ St;::1.te C7.e?:;mp:i.’c.:.~Lls, :m(‘l
b1'it:1 z1bc>11t there :1 (:r.m.'1-1.:1pt3i<:>1f1, {LS 1;x1.1:1eh 'WO1.'S(3 t1.1:::L11 t.1;1.:.mt:
wliliczh 1;>1'ev“a,i1s at any St.:a.t,«.«> Capi4t:1.le, as the 1_:>0Wer of the 14‘e<;1-
eml Go\.'e1‘1m1ent is f.g;1ée::1.t<;~1' zmd 1eex:m1'e §.};(?:I"l(,! ‘:11 thml t1;1:;Lt of my
55t:1.t7e.

Hithe.1't0 the legiSI:?L%t.i01:1 of C?<)1.1g1‘€»:$ ];1:”L:4 1;:)ee11. chiefly ge1'1—
Q~“ly".-:T/L/1!! lD(f>1'11:)f.1e:.~:s* its p<:7>We1' to c1ef.e1_'1‘1'1..i1i1e W111 at Slllzltn be ex-

pe.11c1e<1 fox‘ pu1:)l:i.c. WO1‘kS ziuld b1.1i1di1:1 in Vp:‘1.:1.‘t3i(~.1:11_mr 1OC‘«:fL1.iT:i(f.*S

too oftell C‘.(I)I”l'l'.l'01H Re1)1‘ese1‘1tzmtiVes,» :‘m<:1 leads to evil e<m1—
1-3‘u1f. this i1ee1fl1e1cé1*1'eca is of :71, qm‘r.s-2'.
public 1'1.::Lt11:1'e..% S0 ’r,Ie1:>Lt, exczept gmrexts of the 1i:m1';>1ie. 1m:1c1s:,
S111Z)eSi(1iGS, zmcl th<t>.<e 1j)1‘OV'iSi:.T)1"1S of the 13:*L1'ifff(§1' p1'oteeti0e1.1 $0
Slmpecl  to give b<)u1:i1t;ie.~s to 1.3211-tic:1;11:7L1' peamrmlns, C3o1e.1g1'e,$S lms
hitherto Ixacl little ()ppo1rtu1r‘1‘it.y for di.1'ecet 0<T)1‘1.'1'11'f)t'i(T)1.1. l73ut.
Withtlxe special 1€agis1atic>1"1 I fem‘ the op1:)ort;1:111ity for m1d%in-
I)oub1s1esS Sll('31'l1

s.)ecia11eo~is1:;Ltion%is not Wa1'm1;1tec1‘ b tlxose con:st1'11ct.icme of
I % t':.>

the power of C011g1'ess W1‘li¢2h f0 rn1e.1*1y p1'e‘v‘a'i.1e<.“1; mad to re--%
~.tur111:0 stelch eo11st1'uetions would tend to prevc-.2nt these evils.

But such econstructions we liuzmsed upon 21. general 1'1a,1'rc>w11<.=..~iss

‘ of Federal powers in conflict with the pr-eva,i1i11g ideas. But.
to 1~estrai11 Co11g‘ress by di‘rec:’r. an1endmen13 from suc-.11 legislae
Alation is to conflicstwith 110  Views of how %t}‘1e% Conetitu-~

 

 

23

ti(;m.sh0ue1d he <.:<t)11.~t:t1'1.1e.<*1, :~1.11<?:1 it might, there.f01'e, he hoped

that upo1;1 s11eh isstlee men he1‘etofo1'e clivided in polities w0111<i1
unite. .Be‘siCie:::, 1:10 C‘;()1l.‘3tI‘l.‘l0t;iOI1 would prevent the exe1'c..:ise by
C<)11g1'ess of (;‘»L3.1‘.2?ti1,X poWe1*.~< eleamly \'vithin :i.t::-2 :'>tuth01°ity tvlnieh
.]‘1:~tV'(3. xntevertltlteless m;>\v 1;)ee<.;>me cl:t11gem11s :.u:1d evil.

Imfleed there are 1'espeet.eAin which it 111i_gI'1t be for the i11ter~
eat of t.}m 1‘)£fi(|w)'I‘:")1A(rIL?’i\i:‘ the pmvem of Oo11g1‘ese were e2nl:t1rg;e<:.1.
F()1‘ ti1:1stm1ee so as to pemxit it to p1re.s‘e1'i.1)e11nit:f<:>1'm regu1:L‘ti.<)1t1s
in 1°e~.:+pc;>et“. off “ e<:m.n_r1e1‘ei:::1,1 p:1.pe.1",” :i1.11d the 1i:1,hi1.ity :t11.<::1 d1‘1ti.e.~7s
of eonxmon e:m.'ier;s'. But 'wo111<;71 it not he better in every re-A
.~4peet if i11;s*t3e:L<?I. of t1cs2~LV.i1'1g ‘Cc:)r1g‘m'ea.s‘;% to :7Lss1‘:11’11e—-as hy :1,r1<1 hy
it 'Witlh1.---tc) 1.0g‘iS12.tt(1.% on .~i:ue1:1 $11hje(‘_-.ts:, the 1.1ee<:1e<:1 ])ew'er.~‘:4 were
1“‘1.(T)W csx1:>1t'cess:lty giV'erth1 it, :m<:;1 its; ether‘ powem he at the smile
time 3(1) limited :1m<Fl ctlefined  to 1'e.~.:tm,ir1 it, e<i_{11a.1tl.y M the
St:tl3m :tm 1.'c;.*..:s;'t1.*:?1.it11t;.*.(;1_, 'f1t'(jf>1in in1p:ti1'ing ve..~s*te<i’l Iriglzxts, :;L1:1_<i1 l)ey<::>1':1d
tltmt 1:'1‘<i'm1 e1.t:1.te1‘i1'1g at 21.11 on this: <f1::1,r1ge1.‘o1t1s c.-.1:ts.~s of pvivztte
:‘1,mfI epeeitttl. lteg-i.slt:tti.o11 which 11.0w th1.'e::.1.ter1s us.

Am>the1~ :isfc)1t11+(;a.<;a of’ <::>i1r presexlte evils is to he fmlrld in the
ter:um*n<:ms ~i1te1c:t1'e:tse miuil ee1‘1ti'a,1imtio1e1 of offiteiztl ].t:»e1n;'o1!1:tge.

VVi.th the g1:-owth efthe ec>1111thtryefl’iees m’1<;1 pzttrolmge have‘

grown ztltso. But GS‘p€;5(.3i£t11y is this true of the Federal ];>e.t1‘otr1:Lge.
So~ Wholly ti1'1.<f.igni.fi ezmt tzlid this p:‘ttx#t<tt)11:tg'e% seem to the ‘F:;tt1t1e1‘:+;

that they Inede no previsiorl on that subject, xmd the fi1'stCm1~ V

gress vms in doubt whether the Erxteeutive eould remove f1~m:rt1
ofliee at all. To (lay there hi-l.1‘(3 i114the.h2mc1s of theil-?’1*esic1e1‘1t
more t}1:m8(),()0(_> ep1;>eint1nents over which he exereises zthsoe

lute mld iu1medi:2tte e<7>r1tml, Before the te1egre.p11, :.1.1theugh

this tpéttxroxmge was large it Vvee impossible for him to exereiseh

it esnow. Ooxnmxxnieetioti by mail was then too slow to 

zsuilmtit of proper enq1.1i1'ies allél prornpt clieseilspline i1t1h1<-emote

pmts of the eotimtry, am} the patronage was the:-efhore lmeeesé

eerily largely delegated,

24

But now, by the aid of the te1egra.pI1, the Presidexat knows

in the 11'101'11i11g as Well W11.:~1.t]:1:ts 11a.ppe11ed the «Jay 1i>ef0re in
Oregolx ::1,.s in l\5‘Izt1'y1:md ; zmcl can discipline every office ho1<:1e1‘
AA who fiitilfi "to keep his s.heu1c1e1.' 111.) to the a,d1‘11yinist17:1ti011. 00113.1‘,
 even in the 1‘€%111(i)t(3St 1;)::'u'ts, as 1)1'0.u11;)t1.y 11.8 if he were at clerk
in t1"1e'.1‘1'e:_1.:ss1.11*y. The 1'es11b1t is, that he wields th::1,t ':>1,1'my of
c>fliei:.f1,1s as if it were one 111:1.n. And with their active, i1:;1teres4t,
a,1'1c:1 tlmt of their £1-ie1b1<;1s fL11C1].'€31£LtiO1.1S, they Otttll :m1r11oet e<;m~
trol not <:>111y 11o1b11ib1m.ti.ous but @1€§(Bti(:)]A]‘%' T1i'1iS C§‘V7'i.1, of VV11i.(fi11
we mwe felt the eem.1:11e_nc.e.rne11t only, it 11:13‘ been 1.f)].‘(f‘)1T_)(i)S0d to
eure by whztt is styled civil service reforn1. b.I?31i1t n‘<t> ex.::1.111i—
11£L13iC)I“1 1101‘ pmfie'i.e11c:y in 1em.'1'1i11g will W'Q1‘k any s11.17>et:;t1b[1ti.:1.1
cure ffmr tbi.~i.: evil. It mam be 1':m<:1’ic::m11yy e1;u*e<3101'1]yby <1e<;:e11-—
t.b1f:t1,izing,r :»1.11d 1in;1.iti11g; this p<:>yve1'. In twlbmt 1:):1'e<:ziee ‘way it
1'n:eLy1')e d‘i.f'Ifim11t new to £511 ]§’eb1b'1b1b:7L1.>s:4 by 1c><::::L1ib7;.‘i1y“1 the
se1eeti<:m of slmb effi<t+.e.1'.s".4  02.1.1.1 1;>1'<;.>p<;=,1'1.y “ be Lz1"1c:>s<;~,t1b1. by the

1oezt1.ities~—m+s, for i1e‘1st:1.11<;se, 1.>c:)st1“1:12'eLste1's :Lin(1 tzmx g:mt.}b1e1rca1‘s, mxd

1j>oiA1;1t.e(1 by the P1'es‘ide.11t. <_Tle1:»e1:1<:1 11p<:;1‘1 g<;)o<:1 be1*1::wim11'. But.
c:e1_*t::Li1b1 it  that tlixiss }‘)2;Lt.1?()11z‘1.g;e is 110W so e1'1<;»1'11.m1.‘1s t.]m.t it
11;111.~:=t 1;)ei1‘1 $(;)I'I1('3. wzty 1'e:st1>iet,e(1 mncl’ 1'e(l11eecTi if it  Imt t0

eolltixlue to be nbtlsecil.

‘Finally, as *1reg:i1.1'<ilstt1".1(=;+. thir<?1 (%$S8!m‘bi'a1 of free g<)ve1.‘1b11‘rb1e1b1t,

the :?L1)se11ee(‘)f any <;:1:21,ss 1.;nt'i'Vilege<’:1 to 1:>c;>.rpet11:1te zaeetlm11121,‘r.i<;>1;1.95

 of p1;'c>pe1‘ty-—p1‘z*Ly 1*ega,1%<:1 the b g1'en,t <:o1*'1:>o1*::1,ti01'.1.sy of our day.

fS1;)1'i.11~gi1b1g* from stnzitll f:l.SS(T)(‘-i€ttiO1lS ; 2m11oWec1,:ix:1 the s11p1:><‘>sec1

. tie eoncernzs that new eve1's}e1adow the 1z:;1.1:1d. I“Io1C1i1;1gc2sta,tee
vaster thzm my nob1e,ywith~0ut (:(‘>ns:cxie1:1(3e, without II1()1'€L].<01'

the like, :L1’1(i1 by e1b:1j;1:Lkei1.1 g the terlmre of 0fii<;+.e for those ape-,

intereste Qf't1*a,<:1e to i11c:1'<;:2:;1.;s?e‘b::L*1b13d eo1'1s.c)1ibc12Lte--11ote the gigmx-b

liwersolml aeeotmmbility, arid Without yelrujl, ::u1(i1 Without 1;>ossif1::>le
mdubcembent to seek the public ‘good. 3 H:«;wing for thebi1F' best

 

   

object the 1.).I.‘lV:?l.t(;3 §g;a.i1e1 of the (}()l‘]‘_i)O].‘£'Lt0]‘b‘, often only the

w1'o;1h1gf111 g::1,in of their 111:t1mg%e1's. Tolcley some of 'tl1ese co1:1-

oenls :?Ll)SOl11t(3ly oon.t1'olo the States tl'1et o1'e:éLtecl them. ()the1's t

extend over tl1o11s:;mcle of miles of territory, and will §oo11, if
they do not now, control. the Selection of every meiiiher of the
L6g‘lSl2ILt11‘1‘G and of Going-1-ess along their routes, :?L11(Tl be 1'e,:i-dty
to combine with others of their kind to control the nation.

Since the WO1‘ldl')@.g:ILI’.l. nothing so cle1ig;e1*o11s to good govern—

ment :.1is*t.l1esw gigmmtie :=.Lrti.fioi:tl o1'e:.1,tu.1'es ever existed. I*‘o1r

they not only 1'x1<;>11<:>_1m1ize power, eeiitmlize WG:.Ll.tl1, zfvrid exer-
cise control. withctmt. 1respo11s'io1:)itlity, but their ehamee :tflf’o1'(l
f:toilit.y ::u;1él teitnptetioii to epecziilzttioizi :.‘.'t11Cl eorrtiptioxi W.h.ieh
1‘I1fLl{G the influence of these oorn.pn,r1ties ztlil<e%c1a11ge1'o11.? mid cle-
I1I101‘:TLll.Zi1'.l And no n:m.1:'1 need fem‘ tlmt tlieee e1i1c)1'x:1t1c>1.1e :?t1’1<‘l.
_1j)e1'.pe,t11a,l :f1,‘rtifi\c:ia.l o1'c;a:1.t1h‘11'er3 are nee<1e<il to see1'11;'e e1'h1c:l1 unions

of C3f“l]:)i\t:}J1 rm. may he req11i.1*ei.<*fl for g1'e:»ttt. 1{)11l")l’l(;'. works. $110111

Imions ooulcl he :’1,1i1thorizecl :.1,u<fl eeo111*e(l without c+x}:»<’)si'1t1_;;; ms ‘

to e<i)1‘_1.t><;>mtione* of the 1:>re..<.:ent. élzm ge1'o11s ];:>mve1t#ezt11cl <.lim<.=.»..n—
.sri<:)11s. Neither Ifxeecl any one 'l:>o :iL]j)1')1.‘(%l1L'"*.I“1:%.‘”iV’(;‘. 2?Ll3)0l.1t interfeiring
with the I1::1,t1"1.m;l 1‘iglh1ts of (‘3().I.‘1])(.')l.'fLl3l()I"lfii. ]”)<:>1’11;>t'ltc.>..ee tlmt. 
the lh‘)est gove1h~1h1me11t Whiczh, while it _[)I'(RS(1.‘.1'V(3S orcler 2L1’.l(:li

seeutrity, governs least ; :im<il givi.11g; no liiounty to my olme at

the exzpense of the Ireet, lteztvee the fre.e.s*t tmcle, erirl the 1:;L1t?gcast.’
li,1:>e1-t.y I/>1':i.c:ticz2eLl9le to all. But eo1*pora,ti<ims lizitve no nsttlmfl i

11%-igl1t.<s: they exist only by the force" of }_:»ositive lzwv. God

never Iimcle :*'L1“1ytlj1liIL1g so d:‘1.1‘1g;e.i~<“:>1h1e {LS :11, gleztt eo1'por:.tti<;>11. 5 it

was left to the folly or the wiekeclneee of men to contrive it.
Being the ore:«ltt111'e of the law it lmS11(") 1-igl1ts except those‘
given by tl1e law, .mi1(:1, like otlier inoiisters lioeneed by
goverriiment, it eshoulcll for p11b1iio"'e2L:fet,y, if brought in at all;
be lj)rought in oegecil. h ’ l ‘ ‘

Now, 110 1~e:;mtion in respect of the powers of the Federaili

 

 

26

GOVe1?11II):G‘.1‘lt-~1'1O retmrn to old eonstruetioiis will give the
eotmtry the remeclies against these evils it now neeclsi They
ean only he zitteiiied by clireet :1-L1’1Cl positive limitations of the
powers of go"ve1'mne1i1t. Not only do revolutioiis not go
l;)a,el<W::u'cl; not only is it impossil:>le to make the people of
these thi1'ty-seve11 St:ttes,—---the majority of them born en<l
l)I‘«01;1g‘lj1l3 up since the olcfl cliselissions as to the clistrihutioiii of
powers eeztsed zmcl those  to slzweolry l::>ege:r.1, mic] knit to-
gether by every f:ieil'ity of t.1'z1icle and C3011]II111]."ll(§3§ltl0Il,---f@(3l in
respeet of St.:Ltep1'ii(le zémd State rights as our F2itl1e1's felt;
but if we eoulcl go lmek to these e<:>.r1st1'uetione of Fecieml
power t.l1ese evils ewoulcli not even then he emr_ecl. '.l7I1at e:i..n.
only be clorie by positive limlit:itt‘io11s on the powers of the
Legisl.:tt.u1'es, li;>otli1 St.:‘Lt.e suici Fecliere,l. ; i.11l1il:'>itir1g the e;x:erei.se

l of those powers tlmt shouhil not he exe1'ei.se(l at titll ; 1(;:>cr.:t1iizi11g,

where 1:.)1reeti<:*.:*1,l:>l.e, the exeireise of the powers th.:Lt must he re-
t:1,i1‘1e(‘l; tmcl 1‘(3St1'l(‘/Cll']g Witliiiu sztfe l.imits the :21,utt.li.1o1'ity :im(l

the e.<:>rnl;>iI:1z1,tio11s of the g1*e:;tt CC)l‘pO1':It13i(f)l1S.

Imlistoryo fu1~11ishe.-3 no 1..).l'L¥U(i¥(l.(;‘.lll} for the possil:)I.e f11t.ure of

this Iietioli. Vest, fertile, :93:-‘tll11l‘;)1‘io1‘1s, settled at it late age, zftucl

tlius em-i.l)led to zwztil itself of iltll the leairriixig, expe1'ienee, :1m<f;l

iprogress of the olcler: nzttioliis ; titted for every form of pro-

cluetiion, c>fi11m111feot111'e, eiicl of tmcle ; lying in the oczeene
l‘.)€’/GW't‘.(¥:‘.I1ytl1(5 Orient ::1,11<;‘l Eixrope 3 it has within the century
]_§)it£Sb3L’~3Clf1'OII1 {L few feeble eolmiies to :.1. nation of the mightiest
power *a,m;l weztltli 5 While in<;lefi11ite room for growth and pro-

gress still remains to it. i

But, eleis ! the clifiieulties in go've1'm11ent lIT1(31'(3btLS(3 with the V

numbers g‘oVemecl.i If but  few men dwelt alone upon this

island, eeeli migl1ti1'eta.in the lamgest liberty. But as numberjs

inieyreesle, mid men erowpdi upon eeoli other, each must in some
dpegi'eei1'est1~a.i11 the exercise  his owniriglitsg, or trench upon

‘,4,

_

39),».

27

those of his neighbor, mid thus the diflieulties of government
begili. VVith ine1'en.~5i1Jg number :;mn<:l i11e1‘e:1si11g e:,i.pitel, they
ine1'e:1sye. Our people l1:welbee1“1 disposed to think that the
form of goVe1'n1n.ent beque:-Ltlied thpem by their F{Lt.l').(:‘.1'S would
of itself work a enre for all the evils of luimnnity. At length
it must be seen tlmt this is not so. A1r1clz;L1tl1o11gl'l1 the mitioiliel
(,lOII1zll11iSt:ii‘lfLlf()1'(l:-3 :?t1.'Gf11g‘(3 to the l::Ll:)<:>ri.ng n'm,n, when erowded
down by eoinpetition in the gre::Lt oities, Wl"1i(.3l7l. E11l‘(f)1.)@£,Ll'1 ne-
tions do not lm.ve--—~Wl*:1iel1 is in itself it 1'e:.1sc.>11 wh y these lé:tI1Clt‘;%
should not be p:-1.rted witli, except in liniited (L|11il€3tl1l3l.i}i(3S to
netmtl s5et.tlers«~—-yet g1':;.we diflienltiee mid grave evils do ilow
exist. It is time our 1:)e,<;)1:)le re:;-1,li,zed that to nas.‘ is now given
the :;1,1'<.:l1.u711e tmszlc of :1l<inpti1'1g tlie free ir1:1..stit.1.1tio1d1n "W'l.'ll(,‘.l‘"1 our
F1':l»l3l10I‘S SC) wieely (‘3St:tll')l.lSl'1('3(fi for {L 5-.:]::j>::L1'.~:se. ::.m(.l poor nnd fl'l1g'iLl.
people, to the .1'l11'1111l")e1i'.;'s_' 27t1I).(.'1 'we:Lltl:1. ml l.uX.x11*y of our time.
That the government ()1‘‘ :21. g;1re.nt mition c;::n::n1ot, e:¢tfe1y be left

to neg.l,eet, nor to the ewe of tl‘1o:“»'e who S0€;*.l{ it o1.1lrytl’o1.‘ the

pe1'e<r)y11n.lr pi-ofit tlmt 1.‘(’lS1‘lliI:k4.. 'l‘l‘1nt e1;iel:1 :1. g<:wer1nex:n.:1‘1it dev-
1’I1ftI1(lS tliie ”z;»,1‘e. zgnid nttention of all. lninrleet eiti'/.ene : nnd even
beyond tltmt, (ienizamclsa :'tl.s‘(L) the éIl‘I.I4)E.)]‘iiw=‘?.Jtir('HV’lI‘1 oi’ sournl principles
nncl wise n1€§t}hl£)(Ti$ to the eiirentnstnnees existinu‘. y

Of C(.)111'S0,I :'§II)(.~?:£il.l{ only for rnyeelrf. But I speak l.)(.;>l<Illy5 for
I feel. deeply. ll." know, everyone of you known, that the evirle
I lmve dwelt upon do imzleeél beset us; t On every eiéle the

people oon11:,)l:;1,in, <f;len1:a,n<.1i11g,indeed, relief iiotnziilwnys. wise,

but showiiig by their ecmiplniiits that they recognize at least

the presenee of evil. For myself, I am convinced, too, tliet
the remedy mad the only rea,l remedy for theee evils will be
mainly found in limiting and loeziliziiig the exercise of the
powers of the Stetemid Federal Legis1:>Lt,ures, the pa,t1-omige of
the Executive, and the ggrowtli and privileges of private cor-

porations. ‘ Limitation by eonstruetion if may be, if not by l ‘

direct constitutional amendment, but in any event, limitation;

 

28

10c:a,lizati0_n by St:‘1.te.s.‘ a.11d within Sta.tes, hut yet 1oc:a1iz~
ation. _

Now, Vvhat,eve1' 11:1::Ly lm the pmties of the fut.111*e,I shall he
funnel o11l_tl1e, side of ’0li1L%Se who see]; by such truly clen1oc:1'atic
tr11ea.1.1s t.o1lp11t li>ou1;1<ils to csorruption :md :,Ll)solh11tep0wle1', ::L1.uTl
to preserve limited and localized a,11Ll tl1<3.1'el)y free. g0ve1'1m1e.nt,.

But 1'em;1e111l)e1'i11g tlmt the pmty Whi<:.h had o1:>pose<“1 thee ex-
i::t.ing Cl01’_1stit11ti.(:)11 lmcl, ::Lft.e.1.' its :3L(5l01;)ti()1‘1, cz<,)11f0r1'11e<fl tl‘1e.m-
selves to the new sit11:a.t.i.<_m, :11.11(l tl1e1i1 lmél eolne l.‘)e:f'<:>1‘o A1o11g to
:1. <:*.m:1t.rol. of t.l':1e. c-.m;1t1t1.'_y, l:Lst.i1“1g for fifty y'm-1-.~‘-._:, my wish
wolllrl he.~—-that. tl1ih.~3 sa,r.11<:*. g1.*<:=.m3 De11.1<.>c1.-::1.t.i<: 1:>:m't:y slmlllltl mme

1n_m'e fully zmncl f1l':m.l{ly c.01:1:I:'r(;mt. 13110. Sll3l1:1.ti0n; £AL1‘1(.1VD 1'e(;0g1.1iz-

litllg tlm 1fev(:>l11t.i<)11 13];11'011gli1 Wl‘1icsl1 the c:0111'1t1‘y llxzms 11):.L.~3$@<1 until

the olm11geSi1h1h the ;_;§0“ve1'11ment which l'.lfl.V€3 1.'0sl11llte<.Zl, $l:m11ld

:7mp1:>lhy to the exist.i1'xg $i’ou::'Lti0n t110Se 1)1'i11cip1es of li11*1iltli11.g zmcll

l0C32LllZl1"lg‘ g0ve.1f1"1111e11t. tlmt. lie at “Lille founc1:“1;ti<:>1i1 of mu‘ f:_\.itzh.
'l.‘lm1; lmvilug 1;>111'ge<l mail pm'.ified ithellf, it Sl'l.011lN(:.l set. its f:u:~.c;
:ILgt.Lll"lSl3 tlw c.1'e::Lti(;>1:1 of gxrezmt (3()1'pC)1.'2L’C:l(L)Ifltfi, ’ulf1(:% :*Ll‘;)l1S»t5 oil’ exu-
<mt3i.ve powc-31' zmlffl 1;i>:‘Lt1'<.'>1:1affe, 2m<§;lh all f'<:)1*1‘x1,.~s of 1,n'iv:Lte :.m:1(1 :~3p¢..>.-
(“'i-:‘-)l:lv,71‘ 1egis51:=Lt.io1.1, :.7l{I1,(j1l sll1o1:1lcl (32111 ::u'm1nd it. all t.ll)ms'(‘: Who, wlmt-

ezvcer tlmir views 11~e1'etofc)1re, nowl scseli to limit. m1<’.l loczalilze blue

poxvers. of govcn-11meI'1t. A‘11<lt.lfu1s 111'1it.ir1g alll of true. Dm:tn(_:>~ l

cmticz p1-i11ci1;:>le.~:s, ll10xve,w_a1> sep:e1,1':Lt.(acl by tlm (~3X(3G1.')l3iO]l:*Ll evmxts
of late yeaxrts, (T.)1’1C3Q ulom 1_'es11n'l1e tlmt c0r1t.1.'c:>l. of tltle c1~.(:‘)1“111try it
so long exmrcisecfl to its own <.:1*e<flit; zuul tlm higllhxlest public:.

good.