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M _..)mu: ..,.u.W.\u.H. u.%...«...m»wnfl!.1u -. . o .3 .u.:;..,‘ afluum ‘aaV>v”l.HN1*.hg I“l..‘Il NV» 4. . - ‘ I ‘ ‘.0 zuknf‘ 4/...l|..,.v. ‘.3-.. J1 3 x W]! »..4.§..I..H:. m _ » _ x _ » _ .4 _ «fig. A . {kw ‘ ‘V l J‘ {2; V 1.1»). WWWWW W mwmwm THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS. The reservation in the Park exclusively for exhibition purposes lies along the western border of the river, and embraces 236 acres; the ground rises a hundred feet above the river, and extends in a plain to the hillsides along its western border. V The buildings arelocated mainly in a group, separated by convenient distances. From Geo:-ge’s Hill, where they are seen to great advantage, extend the now nearly completed Machinery Hall, and beyond the long glass and iron walls of the Main Exhibition Bui1ding-together, four thousand feet in an almost continuous line. South of the Machinery Hall, the completed structure for the oflices of the Board of Finance. Intermediate between the two great buildings will be the jury rooms of the Commission. Northward, and midway of the great Exhibition Building, stands the National Memorial, in which will be placed the art exhibits of the Exhibition-—-its granite walls already crowned with its iron dome and colossal figure of Columbia. Northward still, and beyond a ravine shadowed by lofty forest trees, bold and clear in the sunlight, the Conservatory rises, overlooking the green meadows and the Schuylkill river. Still beyond, and separated by a second ravine, near a grove bf cedars, in harmony with its Gothic character, is located the building for Agriculture. The space lying between the Machinery Hall, the Conservatory and the foot of the hill, is laid out as the garden of the Exhibition. This garden displays in its arrangement two leading features: the First, an avenue--—-Fountain Avenue, extending from the Conservatory to the foot of the hill, intersected by a Park drive——Belmont Avenue. The four blocks or angles formed by this intersection are arranged as follows: the block embraced by the hill, Belmont Avenue and Fountain Avenue, is to be occupied by the buildings for the various States, the British, and other buildings for foreign Commissioners and the United States Govern- ment. The block bounded by Fountain Avenue and Machinery Hall displays as its distinctive feature an artificial lake. Beyond the Park drive, on the north side of Fountain Avenue, is erecting the building for the Woman’s Department; and south of the Fountain Avenue, and east of Belmont Avenue, the building of the Japanese Commission. The statuary for the National demonstration has two leading features here-—the Centennial Fountain, on Fountain Avenue, near the foot of the hill, and the Columbus Monument, near the intersection of the two avenues. The fountain is the centre of a radius of avenues, the principal two of which are the Fountain Avenue, and a second avenue extending along the north side of the Main Exhibition Building and Macliinéry Hall to the Art Gallery. . (4) D fif ii . /C/' 0» we Cgwz Zéaawamr /5%-if/y/ ¢¢¢fl%6fl, 6 «Ame, /O07’ GI.~:N'rL£MsN:—--The Committee on the Celebration of July 4th, 1875 (celebrated on the 5th), respectfully report: We met in the rooms of the Board, No. 904. Walnut street, and at the ofiices of the Board‘ on the Centennial grounds, on the following days: May 19th, May a3d, May 99th, June ad, june 9th, June 15th, June 19th, June 23d, June a8th, June goth, July 3d, and July 5th, at II o’clocl<; A. M., and at 4. o’clock P. M., on July 9th, July 14th, and July 16th. Our body as first organized was increased by the addition of the heads of the Bureaus of the Commission; Mr. Hermann J. Schwarzmann, Architect of the National Memorial, and Mr. Henry Pettit, Architect of the Main Exhibition Building and Machinery ‘Hall. Having ascertained, by reports from, ourseveral members at the earlier meetings of the Committee, what features for an appropriate observance of the day could be made available, and the necessary expense which would probably be incurred in their carrying out, the Committee determined upon the general character of the whole celebration; and as soon as reliable sources of revenue for the necessary expenditures were secured, issued the followingoutline of a Programme for public information : (5) O‘ C[.'Ll':13'1€AT./OAV OF THE ZVZZVETI/'-.z’Vz..7\/'TH ANNIVERSARY PROGRAMME OF CEREMONIES OF THE 0’ OJ. , , 0’ ti t -K *i1tt uni 21:51:: of -mcncmt glut»: whence IN ZE‘A.[JRl.\IOU’l.\T’JZ‘ PARI{, PHILADELPHIA, Jilly 5:77,, 1875. Smm'se——-Salute of Artillery, at Georges Hill. 8 .9’;/ac/2————-l\»lilitary Review, at Belmont. 9 o’c!cM/é~——Cererno11ies of thelOrcler of B’nai Berith. IO a’cZue'/é«-Concert of the Pupils of, the Grammar Schools, in Machinery Hall. II 0’cZacv§—--Christopher Columbus Monument Association, at intersection of Belmont and Centennial Avenues. I2 0,6/063%‘-'*-,*B1'€akll'lg Ground for the Agricultural Hall, at Belmont. 2 0’;/c2c.13—-—-—Tl1e Humboldt Monument Association, at the Hills. . 3 o’cZa:/E-—Breaking Ground for the Centennial Fountain of the C. T. A. U. of A., at the terminus of Centennial Avenue, near Machinery Hall. 4 o’cZocé——-Chorus and Orchestra, in Machinery Hall. ’ . 5 o’:Zac .=:—-——Review and Regatta of Schuylkill Navy. 6 0’cZ0c/é—~Balloon Ascension. 8 a’cZoc/e-——Fireworks. Sub~Committees were then formed and assigned special duties; as thus constituted the Committee remained without change till the close of the duties of the whole. Invitations were extended to the Governor of’ the State to preside over the whole celebration, and to the Commissioner of Agriculture to deliver an oration at the site of the Agri- cultural. Hall, and their acceptances received. The Mayor and city authorities were notified of the demon- stration, and invitations issued to them to "participate in and ,lend the sanction of their presence and approval of this observ- ance of the day. On consultation with Committees of the Park Commission, the Councils’ Committee, and the various societies, we then completecl the details of the several ceremoniesand ‘issued ‘a second and complete Programme in the following form: OF AMZERZC.-'1!V' 1.7\/"D.EPEN.DE1\’CE. 7 PROGRAMME OF THE CEWMONIES OF THE NINETY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY A OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, o IN FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA, JULY 5th, 1 875. BY ORDER OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE CELEBRATION. 8 CELEBRATION OF THE 1V1A7.ETI’-'-NZEVTH .4.zV1V]VERSAI?Ir’ UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. COMMITTEE ON THE C CELEEEETION OF THE Ninety-Ni11tl1 _An11iVe1°s£L1°y AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, JULY 5th, 1875. MR. J JoHN Bmnn, C/—’zaz'r~ma¢z. 02; ]l!z'!z'2’czry.-—-Col. I-Iarmanus Neff. 072 /l[z.rz'c.—--]\Ir. Simon Gratz. 022 Tran5,0arz‘rzfz'a22.--Capt. Dolphus Torrey, Mr. Alonzo Shotwcll. 02; }?esia2mz72z‘:.-————Mr. John Baird, Mr. John L. Shoenualcer. I 022 Ceremo2zz'es.--——lV.lr. Charles S. Keyser. , 022 Decoraz’z'on.——Mr. Henry Pettit, Capt. John 8. Albert, Capt. Joseph I-Iirst. 02; ,.F2'reza»oré.s‘.—-—1\Ir. John L. Shoemaker. I E 0/2 F/me/ers.—Mr. Charles H. Miller. , 0:2 !22z'z'2’az‘z'o¢zs.--1\rIr. Thomas Cochran, John L. Shoemaker. 0;: Me 1’é’egazfm.-Comnnodore James M. Ferguson. Ozz R.ec'cjpz’z'o2z:.—-Capt. Joseph Hirst, Mr. Dorsey Gardner, Mr. Alonzo Shotwell, Mr. I-Ierrnann J. Schwarzmann. ' C 022 Szz5s¢'r'z_'gh'z'o:z:.~—~Capt. Dolphus Torrey, Mr. Alonzo Shotwell. 012 .373‘/zczrzce.-—Mr. Thomas Cochran, Mr. Clement M. Biddle. GENERAL C. B.‘ NORTON, Secrezary. ‘ OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 9 SUNRISE. .717‘ZZ7Z67‘}’ Saieaie ai _63e07:o'e’s E:/Z. BY THE KEYSTONE BATTERY. EIGHT O’CLOCK A. M. inaivtnw M BELMONT OF THE FIRST DIVISION NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNA. BY MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, PRESIDENT OF THE U. S. CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. FORMATION OF THE DIVISION. BRIGADIER GENERAL LOUIS WAGNER, . COMMANDING DIVISION. LIEUT. COL. GEORGE H. NORTH,’ . . . . . . . Assistant Adjutant Genemi. MAJOR James R. IVIULLIKIN, . . . . . . . . . Acting Division Inspector. MAJOR H. Emznesr Goonmnn, M. D., . . . . .. Acting Division Surgeon. CAPT. RICHARD R. CAMPION, . . . . . . . . Acting Division Qiarterxnaster. CAPT. LOUIS J. LADNER, . . . . . . . . . . Aide do Camp. CAPT. GEORGE P. ELDREDGE,‘ . . . . . . . . Aide de Camp. CAPT. R. M. REED, Paymaster, 3d Reg‘t N. G. Pa., Acting Aide do Camp. FIRST LIBUT. S. H. MARTIN, 6th Reg‘: N. G. Pa., . Acting Aide de Camp. FIRST BRIGADE. COL. PETER LYLE, ed Reg‘t N. G. of Pa., and Brevet Brig. Gen‘l U. S. Vol., Com‘g. CAPTAIN JOHN W. BARNES, Acrme ASSISTANT ADJUTANI‘ GENERAL. FIRST Taco? PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY, Lieut. A. L. Snovvden, Commanding. KEYSTONE BATTERY, . . . . . . . . . Capt. S. B. Poulterer, Commanding. ARTILLERY Cones VVASHINGTON GRAYS, . . . Capt. Louis D. Baugh, Commanding. VVECCACOE LEGION, . . . . . . . . Capt. John P. Denney. Commanding. SECOND REGIMENT N. G. OF PA., . . . . Lt. Col. Harmanus Ne-ii’, Commanding. SIXTH REGIMENT N. G. or PA., . . . . . Lt. Col. John Maxwell, Commanding. SECOND BRIGADE. COL. F. BALLIER, 3d Reg’t N. G. of Pa., and Brevet Brig. Gen‘I U. 8. Vol., Com’g. MAJOR GALLOWAY C. MORRIS, Assistant‘ ADJUTAN1‘ GENERAL. BLACK HUSSARS, . . . Capt. Christ‘r Kleinz, Commanding. FIRST REGIMENT N. G. cit? .PA.., Col. R. Dale Benson, Commanding. THIRD REGIMENT N. G. OF PA., . . . . Lt. Col. Hug-h Rodgers, Commanding. INFANTRY Cones STATE FENCIBLES, . _. . . Capt. John W. Ryan, Commanding. UNATTAOIEED TROOPS. FOURTH PROVISIONAL BATTALION, . . . . I Lt. Col. R. J. Burr, Commanding. CADET Cones GLRARD COLLEGE, . . . . . Major Henry Oliver, Commanding. MOVEMENTS. The Division will form in two lines, the Girard College Cadets on the left of the First Brigade in first line, and the Fourth Provisional Battalion on left of Second Brigade in second line. After the Review, the Division will march in column of‘ companies north on Belmont Drive to Belmont Avenue; thence to and through Machinery Hall, and there dismiss. «T "°9°T“.°“:"-f*°°!°!" I O CELEB}?/1 T1 ON OF THE NINE T Y—NfN T H ANNIVERSAZ? I’ NINE O’CLOCK A. (M. memories AT THE SITE OF THE STATUE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY. _BY THE I, O. B’NAI BERITI:-I, REV. GEORGE JACOBS, PRESIDENT. . OPENINGSPRAYER. l-4 . ADDRESS OF WELCOME, . . By Rev. George Jacobs, President of Grand Lodge. 2 3. ORATION, . . . . . . . By Hon. Simon Wolf,of Washington. 4. BENEDLCFION. TEN O’CLOCK A. M. coNcEer _ BY THE PUPILS OF THE GRAMMAR (SCHOOLS. PROF. JEAN LOUIS, Director. MR. TI-IEOBALD HERMANN, Leader of the Military Band of the Centennial Musical Association. Overture, “FraDiavo1o”(Mi1ita.ryBand), . . . . P . . Azzfier. O,N2ltiV€ Land, Peace be to Thee (Schools), . . . . . T/zczyer. American ‘National Potpourri (Military Band), . . . . arr. fie;-mamz. (Native Land (Schools), . . . . . . . . . .. '. . . AM. Hymn to Spring (Schools), . . ., . . . . . . . . Mazar/. Fantasia (Military Band), . . 1. . . . . . . . . S2‘rea’z'c'/ze. Now to the Forest (Schools), . . . . . . . . . . . Bzlvfzop. Centennial Triumphal March (Military Band), . . . . . f17e_Zfrz'c/L. DEDICATED TO THE LADIES‘ CENTENNIAL EX.ECU‘l‘IVE COMMITTEE. Io. Star Spang1ed)Banner (Schools), . .i . . . . . . .r >- ORGANINST, PROF. (A. BACHMANN. March of the Men of Columbia. (Schools), . . . . . arr. feczrz Loam‘. OF A!l7.E1i’/CAN’ INDEPENDENCE. 1 I ELEVEN O’CLOCK A.yiM. CEWMONIES AI‘ THE SITE OF '1‘HE COLUMBUS MONUMENT BY THE CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS IVIONUIVIENT ASSOCIATION. NUl\'ZlO FINELLI, PRESIDENT. MUSIC.---Italian National Air, “Stella Confidente.” INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS, by Chev. Alonzo M. Viti, Vice-Consul of_Italy at Philadelphia. MUSIC.-~—-“Il Trovatore." i A L ORATION, by john A. Clark, Esq., of Philadelphia, on “The True Relations of Christopher Columbus to the Discovery of America.” MUSIC.-'-“ Lucretia. Bo1'g;ia." ADDRESS, by Chev. G. F. Secchi de Casali, of New York. MUsIC.—-“ Ernani.” ' L CLOSING REMARKS, by the Rev. A. Isoleri, Pastor of the Italian Church, St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi, Philaclelpliia. At the close of the Ovation, the Preseiclent and Ofiicers will descend from the platform and place the ‘Italian and American standards on the site of the monument. MUSlC BY THE ITALIAN BERSAGLIERI BANE. PRJF. Femzmoo NAroNIt~:r.Lo, LEADER. TWELVE O'CLOCKlNOON. caeaitoNIas OF BREAKING GROUND FOR. THE AGRICULTURAL HALL. V His Excellency, JOHN F. HARTRANFT, Governor of Pennsylvania, Presiding. AN'rH1~:M, by the Centennial Orchestra. PRAYER, by the Rev, William Newton, Rector of the P. E. Church of the Nativity. READING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, by Prof. Amasa McCoy, of Chicago. 1VIUs1c.--“Souvenirs of Boston.” BREAKING OF GROUND. OPENING ADDRESS, by His Excellency, john F. Hartranfiz. . MUSIC.--“The Greeting to the Stranger." Apmugss, by Frederick M. ‘Watts, Commissioner of Agriculture. MUSIC.-—--“ National Airs." 07'c/aesz'a-a.- flfr. .S’z'772mz .E{a.9.s'Zeo~, flirectaat. I2 CELEBRATION" OF THE NINETKNINTH ANNIVERSARY TWO ‘O'CLOCK P. M. naMoNs*raarroN AT THE SITE OF THE HUMBOLDT MONUMENT, BY THE CENTENNIAL HUMBOLDT FESTIVAL ASSOCIATION, GEORGE K. ZEIGLER, nsg, pgnsxpzur. Music and Song--—“ Star Spangled Banner.” Address in English, by Charles S..Keyser, Esq. Music and Song--“Der Deutsche Ma3n11ergesang” v-on Am, Address in German, by Dr. G. Kellner. ‘ Music and Song---“Wacht am Rhein.” THREE O’CLOCK P. M. CEANNSNIES AT THE SITE OF THE “CENTENNIAL FOUNTAIN. BY 'I'.'E{IEl O- ‘T. A. ‘U’... OF .A.I\/.EIElIE2.IC‘J.4A.- REV. PATRICK BYRNE, PRESIDENT. . Music»--—“Star Spangled Banner.” ‘ . Introductory Remarks by John H. Campbell, President of the—Catholic Total Abstinence Union of the Arch Diocese of Philadelphia. . Music.—“ Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean.” . Address by Hon. Jos. R. Chandler. . Music.-—“Good Luck March.” A . Ceremonies of breaking of ground for the Fountain, and remarks by Dr. Michael O'Hara, Chairman of the Centennial Committee of the Philadelphia Union. . Musirc.---“I-Elail Columbia.” A . Address by Rev. Jas. O’Rei1ly, Spiritual Director of the C. T. A. U. of the Arch Diocese of Philadelphia. 9. Music.--—-‘y‘ Hail to the Chief.” 10. Address by Rev. Patrick Byrne, President of Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America. H N O0‘~I O\U1.[:.O~) ' II. Music.---“Wearing of the Green.” y .M'2a.s'z'c by 2/26 Hob! Z?’amziZy fermyerarzce Batrzfrf. A After the ceremonies the various societies taking part in these several Demonstrations will pass into Machinery Hall, where ample space will be reserved for those who desire to remain during the Concerts. A A w A T OF All/lE1i’IC.4.N INDEPENDENCE. I3 FOUR O’CLOCK P. M. C{iR@)\Ii) OOINOEERTI R1‘ MACHINERY HALL, BY_ THE CHORAL COMBINATION AND THE ORCHESTRA OF THE CENTENNIAL MUSICAL ASSOCIATION. DIRECTORS on THE Crzoaus, . . . . . . Messrs. WILLIAM WOLSIEFFER and _]_n.sN Lorne. DIRECTOR or THE ORCHESTRA, . . . . . . . . . . MR. SIMON HASSLER. 0 Introductory Music---American Hymns and National Airs, by the Orchestra. I. Overture, “ Festival” (Orchestra), . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lezmzer. 2. God Bless Our Native Land (Chorus), . . . . . .. . . . . . Emerick. 3. l\/larch of the Men of Columbia (Chorus), . . . . . . . . . .. Bambj. 4.. Paraphrase, “Loreley" (Orchestra), . . . . . . . . . . . .. Neszuadba. ('55. llguet, “Good Niglit, My Love" (Female Chorus), . . . . . . . Gez'beJ.d . ation’s Soncr Chorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil/ar . 7. March aux. flt1,3.ll1l)CE1uX)(,C)1'Cl‘lCStI'8.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . II/Ieyeréveer. 8. Farewell, Beloved Maid (Male Chorus), . . . T. A. . . . . . . Kirzkel. _ 9. ’1'.§he Heavens are Telling (Chorus), . . . . . . . . . . . . Haydn. Io. ondo Brilliante Orchestra , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Szrazus. II. Hail to Thee, Liherty (Cho)rus), . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rossini. 12. Introduction and Bridal Chorus (Orchestra), . . . . . . . . . Wagner. 13. Gloria in Excelsis (Chorus), . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mozart. 14. Finale, “William Tell" (Orchestra), . . . . . . . . . . . . Ramizi. FIVE O’CLOCK P. M._ BEVIEW Os‘ ’I‘§II+:§ soi“IUYL1{ILL NQVY, BEl.OW GIR.-LRD AVENUE BRIDGE, BY COMMODORE JAMESIM. FERGUSON, AIDED BY VICE COMMODORE JOHN I-IOCKLEY, JR. Races of six-oared barges from the “ Goose Pen” to “Turtle Rock." Races of fouxwoared shells over same course, for a silk flag and Centennial stock. SIX O'CLOCK P.IM. BQLLOON QSCENSION, ( BY THE wuss FAMILY, A pm THE GREAT ROCK, NEAR GIRARD AVENUE BRIDGE. By JOHN WISE (grandson of John Wise), in the “ Quaker City.” Bv LIZZIE2 IHLING (niece of John Wise), her first lone ascension, in the “ Commonwealth." By JOHN WISE, his 4.53d ascension, in the “Republic.” I4 ca/:5.s1e.4 rzozv 017 THE J\r'1NETY—-N!.’VTH ANNIVE/fSARY o<>\:axm.;=u¢ I. 2-. 10. II. :2. 13. 14.. I5. I 6. I 7. I 8. I9. 20. 2.1. . The Soldier’s Badge of Honor, beginning with a rotating HALF-PASTEIGHT O’CLOCK P. M. seine xvofnttss, IN TI-IE GRAND :PIJ.A.Z..A., FAIRMOUNT. l BY PROF. SAMUEL JACKSON. Flight of Grand Signal andvHonorary Rockets, nation of green and crimson ‘fires. A Tribute to July 4.th, 1776, commencing with a rotating fire of purple and gold, unfolding into a figure decorated with national colors. succeeded by a magnificent illumi- . Star of Columbia, opening with a crimson scroll. . Chinese Silver Sun. . Tree of Liberty. The Wizard's Wlieel, opening with rotating, coruscating fires. Star of VVashington, a roseate centre unfolding into a brilliant revolving star. figure of green, crimson and gold. . Pyric Fountain, a hexagon wheel of Palestine, illuminated centre of violet and ruby. A New and Beautiful Figure, dedicatedto the National Birthday, changing from a revolving centre of rayonnant and jessamine into a superb figure, in the centre of which vvilliappear the thirteen original stars of the Union. ' Gem of the Union. Pyric Bouquet. l Maltese Cross. Silver Cascade, with revolving globes; opens with a rotating centre of carmine and _)€.‘SSam1n€'. T Sun of Freedom. The Persian_Rose---—one of the most beautiful figures of the pyric art. The Bow of Iris, with a changeable centre of purple and gold. Star of the Union. ' The National Coat of Arms. A New ta Superb Gem of Pyrotechny, dedicated to the Centennial. Allegory of Independence and the Centennial, commencing with a spirited bombard- ment, at the termination of which will appear America, with her right hand pointing to the old Independence Bell, clutched in the talons of the American Eagle, seen soaring aloft, bearing the starry banner in his beak. America will be flanked right and left respectively by the coats of arms of the State of Pennsylvania and the City of Philadelphia, vvhilg beneath the pedestal of the statue will burn out in letters of living flames that ever memorable declaration--“ Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof.” Illumination of the Centen-niali grounds,.by electric lights on George"s Hill and the National Memorial. 7 OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. i 1 5 Invitations* were extended to citizens of prominence, heads of the leading institutions of science, labor, finance, etc., to the bar, the clergy and the medical professions, military and civic orders, the heads of the various institutions of instruction, and charitable institutions, to representatives of our own and adjoining counties, and in some instances to organizations and individuals outside the State. A It was intended however that the celebration should be only local in its character. The special objects proposed by the Committee, subject to the leading and essential object, “the appropriate observance of the National Anniversary,” were to bring to the public notice the condition and progress of the work of preparation for ‘the Exhibition, to test the facilities for transportation to the grounds, and develop them for the coming year. In doing this we endeavored to relieve the visitors, as far as possible, from expenditure, making the whole gratuitous for the children of the schools; and arranging for the rest carriage to the grounds as conveniently and at the lowest rates of fare possible; the entire programme for the day being open to i every one, and wholly gratuitous. A large spacel in the Machinery Hall was reserved for restaurants, the sale of mineral water and ices encouraged, and supplies of these in adequate quantities provided. All wines and spirituous liquors were excluded from the grounds. The reports of the Sub-Committees, which we here summarize, give the results of the demonstration. i The general idea of the plan of the celebration being separ——- ate demonstrations at succeeding hours of the day, in various * See Appendix, "p. 123. j _ 1- 60 X 656 feet, occupied ‘by mineral water stands and two restaurants. I 6 ' CELEBIEA ‘ZION OF YI-IE NINETY-JVINT12’ AJVNIVEIBSAIEY portions of the grounds, and a visit to the Machinery Hall by all the bodies taking part in the Celebration, at the conclusion of their several ceremonies; the Hall itself was made a special feature of the occasion, the VlSltO1‘S,COI’1C€:l.’1- trating, as the Committee had anticipated, in and around that Building. l Stands had been erected by the various organizations from material furnished by, and provided with decorations by the Committee,* as fully as was necessary, but the main decora- tion and provision for the comfort of the visitor was in the interior and surroundings of the Hall itself. Ice was placed in large iron tanks near the Hall and its approaches, and sheltered by large tent flies. Each tank was furnished with buckets and kept constantly replenished the entire dayfli A g The Hall was profusely decorated————7,629 flagsi being used in the decorations-——-the coats of arms of all the States and the United States being displayed at the rear of the platform, erected for the morning and afternoon concerts. Large quan- tities of bunting were also used in the decoration. The platform erected by Mr. Philip, Quigley, under the D direction of the chairman of the Committee, was an absolutely secure structure. It was in form a range of platforms and seats extending entirely across the 90 feet span of the Building, 84 feet deep, rising nearly to the roof; it was built of joists 3 x 8, 16 feet long, and contained 130,000 feet of lumber. * Noticed more fully in the course of the report. 1' See Appendix, p. 128, for size and number of cups, tanks and buckets. :tAll these were loaned by the United States Government, and were returned without any loss or injury whatever. 4.12 chairs also were borrowed, and all returned in the same order. ' OF A./WERICAZV INDEPENDENCE. I7 Seats were provided for the audience in the same. secure manner, containing 140,000 feet of lumber, seating 17,846 persons. The accommodation in the concert portion of the Hall being for over 79,000 persons. The whole Hall was at times densely filled with the audience. , In the arrangement of the Committee on reception, a member of the general Committee was required to be present at each ceremonialm-the plan, however, concentrating every organization at some time during the day, in the Hall, this special Com- mittee remained there. At ten o’clocl< the Committee received the First Division "National Guards, Pennsylvania, the Division entering the North 90 foot span, with company front, countermarching and Form- ing in mass in the same span. The troops then passing out from the Hall and dismissing.* The Committee received his honor the Mayor, the City Councils, members of the State Legislature, the President and members of the Centennial Commission, members of the St. Andrews, and the Grocers’ Society, Columbus Associ—~ ation, the Board of Finance, and others. On the several stands members of the General Committee received General Hawley, President Unitedstates Centennial Commission, and the officers of the Governor’s Staff’; Dr. Kellner, and the officers and members of the Humboldt lVIonu- ment Association; Mr. John, H. Campbell, President, and the officers and members of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America; Mr. Nunzio Finelli, the President, and the oflicers and members of the Christopher Columbus Monument Asso- ciation; they were detailed also to the stand of the B’nai Berith Order, and to the stand of Agriculture. A * See oflicial report of numbers, Appendix, p. 124.. 2 I8 CELEBRATION OF THE .NfNETjV-NINTH’ ANNIVERSARY Strangers and foreigners were sent with ushers to the points they indicated, or taken in charge by individual members of the Committee. , The order during the whole celebration was remarkable--due mainly to the people, who were a law to themselveswdue also to the bounteous supply of our excellent water and to the general interest taken in the Various demonstrations which agreeably occupied their time the entire day. The report of Captain Chasteau, from which we now quote, is of much interest in this connection. He personally visi- ted every stand, with a single exception, during the day, and issued his orders with judgment and discretion. His general order for the day was the exclusion of all drunkenness, all fireworks except those ordered by the City Authorities, and the utmost non-interference with the inclinations of the people, within the limits of order. He came on the ground at the early hour of 4 A. M. and continued until 11.30 P. M., and the fact that his report does not contain one case of arrest for any cause, attests remarkably the order of the whole celebration?‘ The Committee were aided in the performance of their duties by ushers, acting under George C. Clark, and by a detail of men from the Sixth Regiment National Guards Penn- sylvania, under command of Captain C. W. Karsnar, First Lieutenant Sylvester H. Martin, and Second Lieutenant George W. Schall, and eight men from the Park Guard detailed by Captain Chasteau. A r | M The report of the Hospital service also is equally gratify- ing, seven cases only from all causes--six from exposure to the sun, anda boy with a slight injury to his foot.T ‘*3’ See Appendix, p. 129. 'f‘See full report, Appendix, p. 130. OF A./MEZEJCAN INDEPENDENCE. I9 Remarkable as these Facts would be .on any similar occasion,-M with any considerable number of people gathered indiscrimi-A nately together, on a day in which, by a custom as old as the country, much license is given,--—-they are still more so in a rnulti- tude probably. larger than was ever before gathered together on any occasion in any of our cities during the century. ,The report of Captain Chasteau* supplements the report of the Committee on Transportation, and enables a close estimate to be made. We aggregate the enormous number of Visitors with full allowance for duplication in all cases, during the day, and the portion only brought by the cars, in the even- ing, at fully 3oo,oool~—-probably 325,000----the lesser a much larger number than was ever assembled at an exhibition on- any one occasion. The report on transportation, meriting a special notice, as «testing very fully one of the objects of the Committee‘ on the Celebration, is given with the Hospital report, in full in the appendix.‘ We believe it demonstrates that the carrying capacity of our direct railroad lines to‘ the grounds, is now suflicient for the average daily attendance of former exhibitions, and capa- ble of increase by more frequent trains, for -every possible requirement of the Centennial Exhibition. The celebration brought to a large proportion of our adult population," the actual condition, and progress of the Build-- ings of the Exhibition; even in our city there were many without personal knowledge of the condition of the Buildings: the Machinery Hall with the vast aisles (in which the great *See tables, Appendix, p. 129. 'l'In the memorable demonstration, july 4.th, 1788, on Bush Hill, 17,000 assembled--- the largest number ever~gathered together up to that time. IlZAppendix, p. 124.. 20 V CELEB RA TION OF THE‘ N./IVE TY1-N'!NTf! A.N.eVj'VERS.4.Zt’Y concerts were held),iroof'ed and glazed and under the painter’s hand—---and the whole building rapidly approaching completion; the National Memorial, the only structure of granite ever erected for an exhibition, already with its dome capped by the crowning figure; the Grand Conservatory, and the grander avenue of flowers approaching completion; the Main Building itself -standing in almost its entire length like some huger reanimating skeleton of the prehistoric world; so much done and yet time to lay aside the trovvel and let the iron worker’s hammer fall, for the great Holiday a year before---—all this lent a greater grandeur, and a more complete content in the pleasures of the day. The Committee, in conclusion, While sharing the general gratification, must not fail to expressgto the Board of Finance the les_son of the hour; the celebration was indicative beyond any thing else of the intense interest felt by our people in the National feature of our coming celebration; and this feeling Will, from every quarter of our country, gather here on that great day, we do not overestimate a million of our fellow citizens; these great organizations, which were on this occasion represented by thousands, represent themselves tens of thousands, and they are but a minority of the organizations preparing for the celebration of the great day----it seems to your Committee imperative therefore that a general plan of the ceremonies should be matured at as early a day as practicable. J O H N B A I R D , C/2 oz'zf1/mcm. C. B. NORTO N, Sacra/ary. F «A: O 48 6 .6 A o . . . .. :4 1., ....\ ,5 . ‘ Wu .5“. . .v.,....._ . .. 3 F E I 1,» . a. H M. 2‘ . . n 1 . .. ,.. ‘ “.:.f....:.. . . : . 3 , , . ‘ ‘ , .5....,, ...,. 4 . ...J Lo. m ._ . 5! :1 ............m....,,u... .. -..Hm. .. u.m...,..N.,.. ,. u¢..uw:h..n.w«.en.........r.....m. 4 s - 1,. J7 .. ,,..., . M .w\.« . «. . I I ‘ u 4. 27.. H: A .n.. . tn}, «. ..:wT.;..U 0 ul 7. ‘ . ‘ :..:__.... . .. $2.. :31. AM. 1., In ‘nu ..r.$». N.:.!«.. mv hi ‘ ‘... x . 0 4 , ANT.‘ 2!- .» ‘tr: 4... A . ‘V . ‘ I 3.. \ v R .. . (LN . nan: .. HA. \ ‘ . - ._ . ..,,..u‘.,/.mm..w....... ‘ 2 \ . A w.. : ‘ . E.§E= _ammEa\nm§=€.fin.1vlwr.4 I :.Hm %.vw ‘x.UmM.lfl..mIo|.I.\|..”«|.l.l ‘ xl .Im.a ...u ..o...... . .1 uw..u...:or.m«\ mat. .¢.u..u. .. I uu¢uu.?N.A«w,nI..... _ _ ..wr..¢ . .\ l - % :I|:l|\||Il\t(l|I 1|...‘ ‘...|||.l|’I|. lfiml W..- .. % .. ._..%.E .. . .uw.uHu.M.uHH.H.uwHH.H.HH..wWx.uH£nHm.ww ..:.._mw.»kI».,v.......--? . . ME. _.nr-pa .1... , Hm. .I II I: I! A IIIOI .1 .. THE MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. The Main Exhibition‘ Building is located immediately east of the intersection of Belmont and Elm avenues, on the Lansdowne Plateau. It stands 170 feet back from the north side of Elm avenue, the Park boundary line, the area between the building and the avenue being reserved for special products, which may be exhibited in the open . air. There is also a space, 300 feet in width, between the building and the Art Gallery on the north side, which will be ornamentally treated as ground for special purposes. The building is in the form of a parallelogram; it extends east and west 1,880 feet in length, and north and south 464. feet in width. The larger portion of the structure is one story in height, and shows the main cornice upon the outside at 4.5 feet above the ground, the ‘interior height being 70 feet. At the centre of the longer sides are projections 4.x6 feet in length, and in the centre of the shorter sides or ends of the building are projections 2:6 feet in length. In these pro»- jections, in the centre of the four sides, are located the main entrances, which are provided with arcades upon the ground floor, and central fhcades extending to the height of 90 feet. The east entrance forms the principal approach for carriages, visitors alighting at the doors of the building under cover of the arcade. The south entrance is the principal approach from street cars, the ticket ofiices being located upon the lineof Elm avenue, with covered ways provided for entrance into the building itself. l The main portal on the north side communicates directly with the Art Gallery, and the main portal on the west side gives the main passageway to the Machinery and Agricultural Halls. Upon the corners of the building there are four towers, 75 fieet in height; and between the towers and the central projections or entrances there is a lower roof introduced, showing a cornice at 24. feet above the ground. In order to obtain a central feature for the buildings as a whole, the roof over the central part, for 184. feet square, has been raised above the surrounding portion; and four towers, 4.8 feet square, rising to 120 feet in height, have been introduced at the corners of the elevated roof. ' THE AREAS COVERED ARE AS FOLLOWS: Ground floor, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 872,320 square feet, 20.02 acres, Upper floors in pwjections, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 37,344 ‘f’ “ .85 “ Upper floors in towers, . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,344 “ “ ,5o “ Iuu-nun-noun: Total, . . . . ; . . I. . . .l. . . . , . . . . .. . 936,008 square feet, 21.”-acres. Alrc/zitectr: HI-INRY Perrxr and Jossru M. WrLsoN. ‘ Camtructorr RICHARD J. DOBBINS. Cost of structure, $1,600,000. (22) fired~ the last two “B Section.” 2 3' THE CEREMONIES. S£:7‘2LUTi{ OFF §*2%R’I‘II(L$H{Y, A GrEORGr‘E’S :HI:t..L, A BY THE KEYSTONE BATTERY. The Members of the Right Section of th_e Keystone Battery assembled at their Armory, about midnight, on Sunday, the 4th of July. At two o’clock'on the morning of the 5th they left the Armory, Lieutenant O. Wixuchester, Command- ing, and proceeded to Georges Hill, where they arrived at 4.30 ,A. M; The guns in position, pointing over the brow of the hill, they commenced firing; at the discharge of the first piece, the flag on the hill was run up; thirty-eight rounds were (23) 24. CELEBRATION OF THE .7V./N.ETY«-NINTH .A.NJV'lVERSA}'t’I?' After the firing, Quarter Master Sergeant Clemens ‘Clay, breakfasted them from their wagon. W M They then proceeded to Belmont, where they were joined by the “Left Section” of the Battery, under Command of Lieutenant Charles W. Schuellerrnann. There were present in line with the battery, four guns, four caissons, two commissioned ofiicers, nine non-—c:omrnis- sioneda officers, one guidon, two icolor bearers, one bugler, two artificers, and about fifty cannoneers and drivers. » ..—«,.x‘~‘*.‘ ‘ \ii"\‘1i'\u, ‘v '"-t w w-.-‘-- xv.‘ ~u_w,:~. u‘ I“'\\.. kw‘-Q‘ we .-3.. \. fig‘ X. m.“ | Ir!’ V"L‘.»‘.“\?'l afl, ., gas;-a~,.a? t “* r:,‘_,A\\,\''\:‘?‘.\.,i‘':‘~‘',_ ‘ “ ‘xv/‘._ I “ I ‘V at; OF AJWERZCAJV J]V'DE.PE.NDENCE. 25 ’1‘~‘fI»E 9Ri+jVIE\V .A.'.D BE.L RIONT. Brigadier General Louis Wagner, commanding the First Division, reached Belmont about seven o’clock, and about half-past seven o’clocl< most of the troops arrived, the majority of them coming by Way of the Reading Railroad, thence up the glen to the top of the hill near the mansion. The scene was a very spirited one as the different organi- zations, accompanied by fine bands of music, crossed and ' recrossed the field to their positions in line. By eight o’clock the crown of the hill was covered with spectators. All things being in readiness half an hour later, the bands struck up, and the reviewing ofiicers, consisting of MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH AR. HAWLEY, President of the United States Centennial Commission,---Adjt. Genl. James W. Latta, -----A. A. Genl. D. Stanley Hassinger,--—--Col. Charles S. Green and Col. Robert H. Brinton, Aids de Camp, made a tour of the difirerent military organizations. They then took position, and the troops passed them in review in the following order. The formation of the Division wasas follows :--—- BRIG. GEN’L LOUIS WAGNER, COMMANDING DIVISION’. LIEUT. COL. Gnome H. NORTH, . . . . . . . Assistant Adjutant General. MAJOR JAMES R. MULLIKIN, . . . . . . Acting Division Inspector. MAJOR H. EARNEST GOODMAN, M. D., . . . . . Acting Division Surgeon. CAPT. RICHARD R. Cameron, . . .i . . . . . Acting Division Chxartermaster. CAPT. Louis J. LADNER, . . . . . . . . . . Aide dc Camp. CAPT. GEORGE P. ELDREDGE, . . . . . . . . Aide dc Camp. CAPT. R. M. I. REED, Paymaster, 3d Reg‘t N. G. Pa., Acting Aide de Camp. FIRST LIEUT. S. H. MARTIN, 6th Reg"t N. G. Pa.,* . Acting Aide de Camp. 26 CELEBIEA TJON OF THE N!NE7‘I'1N!NTH Az‘v’jV!VE1i‘SA1i.’I’ _Z7’IR.ST BRIGA DE’. COL. PETER LYLE, Second Regiment N. G. of Penna.. and Brevet Biigndier 3d Regiment Band. General U. S. Volunteers, COMMANDING. CAPT. join: W. Bamuas, A. A. A. G. ARTILLERY CORPS WASHINGTON GRAYS, 30 men. CAPT. LOUIS D. BAUGH, Commanding. Weccacoe Band. « WECCACOET LEGION, 4.0 men. _ CAPT. JOHN P. DENNEY, Commanding. ad Regiment Band and zcl Re-g‘t Drum Corps. I SECOND REGIMENT N. G. OF PA., 3oo men. 6th Regiment Band. ~ I ‘ SIXTH REGIMENT N. G.,ONF PA.., 2.50 men. M I ’ ‘ I L1‘. COL. _'IO.l"lN MAXVVELL, Commanding. Girard College Band. ' I ~ I CADET CORPS, GIRARI) COLLEGE, 150 strong. . . M.X_]'OR HENARY OLIVER, Commanding. KEYSTONE BATTERY, 4. pieces and 67 men. " ' LIEUT. J. B. ‘WINCHESTER, Cormnanciing; FIRST TKOOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY, 18 men. I _, I LIEU l‘. A. L. SNUWDEN, Comrnanding. SECOND BRIC¥Al.DE’. COL. JOHN F. BALLIER, Third Regiment N. G. of Penna., and Brevet Brigadier . General U. S. Volunteers, COMMANDJNG. IVIAJ. GALLOVVAY C. Momzxs, A. A. G. Beck’s lxst Regiment Band. FIRST REGIMENT N. G. OF PA., 300 men. . COL. R.“ DALE BENSON, Commanding. THIRD REGIMENT N. G. OF PA., 250 men. . L1‘. COL. HUGH RuDGERS,lCommanding. McClLil1'g‘s.Liberty Cornet Band. I I I , INFANTRY CORPS, STATE FENCIBLES, 94. men. - ' _ I CA.P'l‘. JOHN W. RYAN, Commanding. Mounted Band. I ' I BLACK HUSSARS, 33 men. CAP1‘. CHRISTOPHER KLEINZ, Commanding. Wiliningtpn Cornet Band. _ I FOURTH PROVISIONAL BATTALION, xoo men. I L1‘. cor... RAYMOND J. BURR, Commanding. V The Division flag used was iloanecl by Major Goodrnan, and is" .t1+.e...‘o1d, Twelflth Army Corps flag, carried l3y:G_‘eneral Geary. It isia. Lbeautifuli.blue banner, with a. white star.» iAfter,tl1e review, theKDivision marched. in column. of companies northon Belmont driveto Belmont avenue,’ thence to Machinery Hall, where they weredisn1issed._ 5 . i T » I I I ‘ LT. COL. HARINIANUS NEFF, Commanding.. o|lI 'l!nn .\|l:1l.\all $&\1l \1l “£H§Hé I: 5 I l II !|. I’. ’ .i|\|.l.IIIl!«|.\I % ‘YWJU.Imu! . II l.'..||.l|lI.l|l } . Jll.'tlllfl'l'l. |'l!II’.u.lWIV:l\\I'II\\.llIa|ll..t.\|\. .‘,.l ,,H.l I|lll!c\I.-..?I1al‘l'.lul.'fl|l|...‘:1‘! -u.-'\«t . x.lIi.lu..UH. , y THE NATIONAL MEMORIAL (ART GALLERY OF THE EXHIBITION) Is located on a line parallel with and northward of the Main Exhibition Building. It is on the most commanding portion of the Lansdowne Plateau. It is elevated on a terrace six feet above its general level, the slope descending to the margin of the Schuylkill river. The entire structure is in the modern Renaissance. The materials are granite, glass and iron. No wood is used in the construction, and the building is thoro..ghly fireproof. The structure is 365 feet in length, zro feet in width, and 59 feet in height, over a spacious basement 12 feet in height, surmounted by a dome. The main front looks southward; it displays three distinctive features: A main en- t trance in the centre of the structure, consisting of three colossal arched doorways of equal dimensions; A pavilion at each end; Two arcades, connecting the pavilions with the centre-mcentral section——95 feet long, 72 feet high; pavilions, 4.5 feet long, 6:: feet high; arcades, each 90 feet long, 40 feet high. The front or south face of the central section displays a rise of thirteen steps to an entrance 70 feet wide. The entrance is by three arched doorways, each 4.0 feet high and 15 feet wide, opening into a hall. Between the arches of the doorways are clusters of columns. The doors, which are of iron, are relieved by bronze panels, having theicoat-ofl arms of all the States and Territories. In the centre of the main frieze is the United States coat-of-arms. The main cornice is surmounted by a balustrade, with canclelabras. At either end are colossal figures, representing science and art. The dome rises from the centre of the structure to the height of 150 feet from the ground. It is of glass and iron, and of unique design. It terminates in a colossal bell, from which a figure of Columbia rises. Groups of colossal size stand at each corner of the base of the dome. These groups typify Mining, Agriculture, Manufacture, and" Commerce. ‘ = , Each pavilion displays a window 3o feet high and 12 feet wide. It is also ornamented with thirteen stars in the frieze. Colossal eagles are placed at the corners of the huilclino‘. The arcades are intended to screen the long walls of the gallery. These each consist of five groined arches. They form promenades, looking outward over the grounds and inward over open gardens, which extend l)Z1Cl<. to the main wall of the building. These garden plats are each go feet long and 36 feet deep, ornamented in the centre with foun- tains, and designed for the display of statuary. A stairway from the gardens reaches the upper line of these arcades, forming a second promenade, 35 feet abo-ve the ground. Its balustrade is ornamented with vases, and is designed ultimately for statues. The cornices, the atticas, and the crestings throughout are highly ornamented. The walls of the east and west sides of the structure display the pavilions and the walls of the picture galleries, and are relieved by five niches, designed for statues. The rear or north front is of the same general character as the main front; but in place of the arcade is a series of arched windows, twelve in numher, with an entrance in the centre---in all, thirteen openings above in an unbroken line, extending the entire length :of the structure. Betweemthe pavilions is the grand balcony, a promenade 275 feet long and 4.5 feet wide, and elevated 4.0 feet above the ground, overlooking northward the whole panorama of the Park grounds.‘ A Amizireczf, H. J. SCI-IWARZMANN. Comb-zm‘or, R. J. DOBBINS. Cost, $1,500,000. (23) OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 29 ~. ‘E .__‘‘1. .,g‘ V \ ‘v \ 3: an .1 .:7‘3'-*'-:,.,'[‘;.. _ . .J_J; ..;_ ’<”.:- ., 143,5’ I , 5 A ,5 ' Av .- . 3‘ «w .;' A 1:»: 1.1,-—"_,9 _— ,.f-’ ' - '1--.'u.. ;‘ .-u-u.c-’,:,'d""-":5‘-"-'-T‘-‘ r.'.=.*-.:-._~---__...---*.-::-- ‘ . T -‘:3 . u "‘ l - 95* -.'.*':" -,,,-.'4,*.,..'-,. r .-:--1..-.-'“ . _ . .__.__.-' I or . I at-‘:«. 5/ ‘."3:.-.- - '2/qI._ ta -’ CF51? MONIEL AT THE SITE OF‘ THE STATUE or RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, BY THE INDEPENDENT ORDER B’NAI BERITH. % The members of the Grand Lodge assembled at the depot of the Walnut Street Railway, near the Centennial grounds, where they met the other brethren of the Order. " A procession was then formed, headed by Ex-President BO CELEB/?A TJON OF THE NJNETI’-NINTH AJVNIVERSARY Zach. Simson, bearing the beautiful flag of Joshua Lodge, No. 52.3, followed by the Rev. George Jacobs, President of the Grand, Lodge; Simon Kahn, Vice ,l"resident; Alfred T.‘ Jones, Secretary; Samuel Hecht, Treasurer; the speakers of the day, and the members of the following Lodges: Joshua, J'eshurun, Hat Sinai, I-ilar Moriah, Isaac Leeser, Hat Nevoh, Lessing, Elim, Philadelphia, Keneseth Israel. ,‘They proceeded to the north of the National Memorial, where on a knoll of ground covered with wild flowers and grasses, atent formed of a single American flag of large size was raised, and seats arranged, overlooking the whole pano- T rama of the Park and river. The ceremonies were opened with prayer by Rev. S MORAIS: A O A ALMIGHTY Goo! Thy spirit pervades the universe, but Thou vouchsafest notably to manifest it amidst multitudes assembled to do that which is pleasing in Thy sight. Lol “the Sons of the covenant” have gathered round the spot they chose as a witness of their gratitude for Thy loving kindness to Israel of America. May thy Divinity hover above them and give stability to the work in which they are frater- pnally engaged. Grant that a united action, betokening senti- ments whichfennoble human nature, may draw down Thy blessing and this may be seen in the extinction of religious prejudices and in a brotherly blending of men of various races and creeds. Let Thy gracious looks, O Lord, rest on Thy servant, the sltilful artificer, who, at our bidding, labors to fashion a monument designed to prove our patriotism. Oh, may the statue his hands shall have engraven speak to us and to generations yet unborn, of the wisdom wherewith Thou didst endow the father of this country, and by which, under Thy Providence, our wrongs were avengedand our rights fully recognized. Let Thy protection of the seed of Abrahamlbe further shown, 0 Eternal, through the representative body here convened, Let it be felt in a closer union among all the Hebrews of this clear landiof our birth or adoption; in a union founded upon historic memories; even upon long- OF AMERICAN’ INDEPEA/'.DENCE. 3! cherished and undying hopes. May the unswerving fidelity of the free unto Thyirevealed truths enhance in the estimation of their less favored co-religionists the franchises they enjoy and add beauty to liberty. And now, with all the fervency of prayer, with every pulsation of our hearts, we ask of Thee, O, Omnipotent being, to bestow the richest treasures of Thy goodness upon our re-- generated republic, steadily leading the van of human progress because unencumbered by the trammels of barbaric ages. Grant that not one of the bright stars in her political horizon may be dimmed. Deign to make her still more luminous, until all the inhabitants of the earth shall behold and acknowledge that Thou, who settest enthroned among the liberal-minded and generous, sheddest rays of glory upon. the asylum of the oppressed, that Thou hast appointed Peace as her watchful guardian and Prosperity as the tutelary angel thereof. So i may it be. Aimee. THE Rev. GEORGE JACOBS, President of District Grand Lodge No. 3, then welcomed the order to the ground. .B7'°ezf7‘2,7°en of the Independent Order _B’nd73 .Be7'=7.'t72..- As President of District Grand Lodge No. 3, and on behalf of the Centennial Committee of our order, I welcome you to this spot, which is henceforth to become endeared to every American heart, whether its possessor be born on the soil or is one of its adopted citizens. The memories evoked in celebrating this Festival of politi—- cal liberty, come with greater force to the Israelite than to almost any other denomination or people, for we are re- minded to—day, as we are gathered around this hill, of that great convocation of our ancestors around Mount Sinai, where the notes of political and religious liberty first re- sounded,and man was “endowed” with those “inalienable rights, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,” and cherish-- ing what had beenimplanted in the human heart three thousand years before, the great American nation laid the foundation of a Republic where all men were to be free and equal; where a haven of rest would give repose and protection, to all who were oppressed,and where a kind 32 ‘ CELEBRA TJON OF THE NJNETY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY new mother could be Found in the new world to replace the harsh old mother in the afd world. On this spot will be unveiled Israel's tribute, which will represent “the triumph of religious liberty”-——fit subject for expressing the emotionslof our hearts; fit contribution to thelCentennial celebration, since it is to place, in the light of open day, the greatest glory of the American nation, the foundation of the Republic, which will cause it to be- come each day more lasting and permanent as long as these principles are truly adhered to, and every attempt to sub- vert them is trodden under foot. The soil, of which we are to take possession today, will become almost “holy ground,’ and there will be pilgrims in 1876 who will regard the figures erected here as some- thing more than marble or sculptured efiigy, but as drawing forth emotions to which mere words cannot do full justice, And when the Israelite stands here in sight of the man- sion, in which lived an honored brother of our people,” when he reflects on the fact that the marble, chiselled by Jewish hands, came from a country where, but a few years ago, the ghettos barred our people from free and open inter- course with their fellow creatures, he will thank God for theblessings of this Republic. Yes, all of us will thank God for our having been able to erect this token of love and affection for our country, and be proud of the part we have taken in securing a fit tribute to those who have been the means of confirming such blessings to us and our children. I will not detain you any longer, as distinguished members of our Order will now address you. Let me again bid you welcome, and I trust that the work now to be commenced will be successfully executed to its close as a lasting memento of the Centennial of American Independence. After concluding his address, the President, Rev. George Jacobs, remarked that he regretted exceedingly to be obliged it * The Coleman mansion in the East Park. now used as the residence of the Superina tendent, was formerly occupied by the Franks family. The family, as was the case with the Peters family, were divided in politics. David Franks, the father, after serving in the commissary department of the Continental army, fell under Arnold’s suspicion or malignity, the son throughout remained true and steadfast to the colonies. He was advanced from the rank of Major which he held in the war, to the rank, of Lieutenant Colonel; subsequently he was the bearer to London of the ratification of the treaty of peace. , OF A.7l£/'E1?1C.4.N' IZVDEPENDENCE. to announce the absence of their distinguished brother, the Hon. SIMON WoLF,* of VVashington, who had been invited to deliver an oration on the occasion, but had been unable to attend. In the place of that gentleman had been sub» stituted Brother M. Ellinger, the Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Order, who would now entertain the brethren with his usual ability and well known eloquence. BROTHER ELLINGER accordingly came forward and spoke as follows :e—-- ADDRESS, BY MORRIS ELLINGER, ESQ - 1 Sncamranr or arm: Ex:-zcvrxva Oommxrwm-: or ran ORDER. . BRET!-IREN: Until this moment, I was not aware that the Honorable Simon Wolff was notrpresent. I must therefore so far take his place, but only so far as concerns the official act. ‘The Centennial Commission having tendered to the Order of B’nai Berith, a site for the erection of a statue commemorating religious liberty, I‘ have been delegated by the Executive Committee, in their behalf and in behalf ofithe Order, to accept officially, which I now do, the site assigned to the ‘Order. In performing this duty, I would be doing a wrong to my own feelings, and an injustice to those whom I represent, ifI did not accompany the oflicial act with a few words” explanatory of the purpose, aim and object of the undertaking on the part of the Order of B’nai Berith. Not as Jews, not as members of areligious organization, not as a sect, do we erect this statue. We undertake the work as American citizens, as the friends of progress, as the friends of humanity, and in testimony of our joy, and our appreciation of the great advancement, and the great achievement which is to be commemorated in the Centennial of American Independence. The book which the Jews have “given to the world, the book of books, on its first pages * It wasa matter of regret to all that domestic affairs prevented the attendance-_of the Hon. Simon Wolf, of Washington, as had beenannounced. 3 34. CELEBRATION OF THE N/NETY-NINTH ANNIVERSARY contains a Declaration of Independence, an assertion of equal rights for all human beings. That declaration is contained in the sentence, “God created man in His own image——-- not the Jew, not the Christian, not the Mohammedan, not the member of any sect, not the man of one color’ or the other, but mam. Upon his brow sHe has stamped theseal of the Divine Image. But it took many, many years before this declaration could be realized. It was not realizediuntil America, freeing herself from a yoke of dependence, put forth to the world that Declaration which embodied this principle, that all men should be recognized in their rights as human beings, in their rights given to them bythe Divine Creator, without distinction of creed, race or color of whatever kind. And as friends of humanity, hoping that this great boon of liberty, this great basis of civilization shall be achieved throughout the world, we here contribute to this Centennial Celebration of liberty, a monument as a testimonial of our appreciation of that religious liberty, ,which is the greatest boon, the brightest jewel, and ‘the most precious gem in the diadem of American liberty and civilization. [Applause] It is the very foundation of all liberty, without it, there is no liberty. Whatever church, whatever religious denomination, whatever sect may predomi- nate, no State can~rightfully enforce that policy which looks to the suppression of all other churches, religious denomi—- nations and sects; it is only when no one religious belief subjugates the rest, that members of all creeds can come together in fraternal union and say, “we are brethren,”c that they can act socially together, and exemplify among themselves that diversity in union which is the ‘great prin- ciple and at law of nature, Various and dissimilar as are the ‘leaves andbranches of thetree, each ministers to the func- tions of the whole,in the production of themost. delicious fruit, and so it is with religion, each citizen professing that creed which best accords with his own conscience, and yet all working together to one end, the elevation of humanity. to a higher ideal, an ideal born of the Creator Himself. .,,With this greataim and object before us, thefraternization of the human, family, the setting aside of divisions, the obliterating of prejudices, the breaking down of barriers which divide the human race into so .many “classes, we re- solve to erect a monument which for generations shall tell OF AM.E]{’!C.4.7V !1VD£P.E.7\'DE.NCE.. to the world that the Order of B’nai Berith has conceived the highestideal of human advancement, and has contributed its humble eflorts to the achievement of that great object. In proclaiming to the world Religious Liberty as the foun- dation of all liberties, America has given an example which is slowly but gradually being followed throughout the world. All the commotions which we see at this day in. Europe are proofs that the nationsiare gradually adopting this grand principle, are treading in the path which America has traced out, and are Following her example. Wliat has heretofore been merely an ex eriment has now become a fact. The world re- ccjniies andpacknowledges‘ that the welfare of mankind, the interest of humanity, is best furthered and most speedily achieved by proclaiming and securing the greatest liberty of conscience and of religion. Therefore, as American citizens, and as men who in their own lives have had an experience in what is meant by religious intolerance and persecution, we contribute this work, and to day dedicate this site to the foundation principle of all government and society, to the greatest of all liberty, the liberty of religion-—-—--the liberty of conscience. . With these few remarks, I close the official ceremony which I have been delegated here toperform, and thank you for your attention. The Rev. DR. M. Jasraow, Rabbi of the Congregation Rodef Scholem, upon being introduced by the President, spoke as follows:——- Ma. PRESIDENT AND BRETHREN: This occasion is certainly grand enough to bafiie the eloquence of such as are my superiors both in thought andexpression. What I may say, will therefore be briefly said; and were it not “for the due respect that I owe to myfriend, the presiding officer on this occasion, I should have preferred to retire unnoticed among this assemblage. Vary as our opinions may, as to whether the mode in which the Convention of B’nai Berith at Chicago has chosen to eX-- press our feelings with reference‘ to the hundredth birthday of this, our great Republic, was the most appropriate of-any A of the modes that might have been suggested: one thing is sure, that in making Liberty the subject of our manifes- 3 6 CELEBR.-4 TION OF THE NINE TI"--NI.N'Tf1' A NJVI VERSA R Y .7"? tation, the Convention has touched a sympathetic chord in every Jewish heart. Liberty, my friends, has been the ma- ternal bosom from which Judaism has drawn her nourishment; and old as she is, the most aged among all the confessions and creeds as she stands here, she does not yet feel inclined to be weaned from this bosom of liberty. [Applause] My friends, when for the first time in my life I placed my foot upon republican soil-—---it was not here in America, but in Switzerland, that chosen little spot of Europe which is to hold out the banner of freedom to all the nations abroad——--- when, I say, I first put my foot on that soil, Ibeheld in the halls of the State House at Basle, a grand picture representing .Liberty~——-the figure holding in her hand, high uplifted, a tablet upon which was a Hebrew inscription. I was startled at the sight. Imagine, my brethren, what was that inscription. It was thelopening words of our Decalogue:-~ “I am the Lord, thy God, that brought thee outof the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.” My friends, I assure you, that picture struck me like a new revelation. It was to me as if I was standing on the Mouiit Sinai, hearing the words of revelation---“1 am z‘/ze Lam’, My Goa’, I/mt Zvrought t/we our of t/ze /mm’ of Egygiz‘, out of 1/23 /zomae of .r[oz=z2ery.” A it Man is born to be free! Yes, and that question over which many of our best men have been pondering for ages, why it is that our Decalogue is not introduced with the words, “I am the Lord, thy God, who created the universe” was at once answered satisfactorily to my mind when look- ing at that picture. The answer was this, Liberty is the foundation of Judaism--—I..iberty is the foundation of true religion———Liberty is the nurse of all true civilization. As we cannot imagine true religious feelings to exist without exerting their refining influence on civilization and on all works .of human skill and human life, and as we cannot imagine true civilization to exist without being founded on the rock of Religion, so neither of them can prosper except it draws its nourishment from the bosom of Liberty. Therefore, my friends, when on the hundredth birthday of this, our great country, the refuge of the oppressed-I---when on that day, a year. hence, the question shall be directed to us, “what have you children oflsrael, you sons of the old covenant with Abraham contributed in order to give something in exchange for what you have received from this country?” my friends, let A OF AMERICAN INDEPENDEzVCE. , us hope to God that we shall be able to point to that statue of Liberty; and although Judaism does not look upon sculp- ture as her favorite art, we may be enabled to say, “The idea there expressed, the idea of Liberty, is ours, given through us to mankind, on that day, when it was proclaimed, ‘I am the Lord, thy God, that brought thee out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.’ ” Men carrying the banner of religion must before all be free; for as our sages say: On our tablets is engraven “ Elaruth” which means “Lz'Z2arz‘y”-- Liéerty for all. MR. Louis ABRAHAMS, of Washington (who, with Rev. George Jacobs and Mr. Alfred T. Jones, of ‘Philadelphia, represented the B’nai Berith Committee on Centennial and Literature, appointed at the Chicago Convention), was here introduced, and spoke as follows: a My BRETI-IREN‘ AND FRIENDS‘: It is a great privilege to be T called upon to unite in inaugurating the celebrations that are to commemorate the birth of the nation, under whose laws and institutions so many live in peace, harmony and prosperity. This day ushers in the year in which millions of men and all civilized peoples of the earth, will ‘approv-~ ingly attest their admiration for the great strides this Re- public has made in elevating the_masses who havechosen this land as an abiding place. These wonderful architectural structures, surrounding us on all sides, springing from the earth as if called forth by some magician’s wand, will soon teem with marvellous evidences of man’s handicraft. The artisan from his workshop, theartist from his studio, the chemist from his laboratory, all co—laborers for man’s ad- -vancement here will unite to illustrate America’s triumph thatchallenges a world's applause. The nimble shuttle of the weaver’s loom, the blazing furnace, the lightning spark beneath the ocean waves, the diminutive needle into which American genius has all but instilled the breath of life, the painter’s pencil, the wondrous plastic forms which genius has almost inspired, and all theendless creations of human in- genuity will soon’ here join intone united anthem of thanks- fulness and praise. But the wonder will not so much be that man, created in the image of his maker, has so used 38 CELE,5’Ii’A TJON OF THE JV/JVETI’-~.‘Vf.VTff ANJVII/".ERSA1i’Y' the divine spark bestowed on him; the marvel will be, and is, that a country so recently almost wrested from the dominion of the savage, can atFord the occasion and thee It may by ma_ny be called glorious, joyous; but, reflecting on the trials and perils that have beset the paths of so many nations, may we not, with becoming humility, con-- sider the occasion to which we are drawing near a solemn one. Recognizing the protection and favor which a iDivine Providence has been pleased to bestow on this country, may we not say it is a sublime spectacle to which we are inviting the inhabitants of the earth. It is not then out oflplace, on this preliminary occasion, to pause and reflect upon that which makes the approaching Centennial possible. Under the beneficence of God, all thoughtful persons must admit that it is the broad spirit of humanity, the noble recognition of inalienable right, justice and liberty that form the underlying Foundation upon which rests the Constitution opportunity for such a iubilee, as we are now approaching. not the United States. Art and science, literature, invention, song and drama, mechanics, poetry, philosophy»---all may flourish for a time, but only can there be lastinghappiness for a nation l whose people enjoy as a right that freedom of thought and action, which the organic law of this happy country guarantees to all. x In commemorating the great event to be celebrated on these beautiful grounds, and most appropriately in the City of Philadelphia, no citizen of the Republic dare stand aloof; and in co—operation with valued colleagues in various parts of the Union, I have assumed certain duties in relation to a group of statuary, to be erected illustrative of religious liberty. '1he association making this contribution intends simply to emblemize and typify those clauses of the Constitution of the United States, that declare there shall be no dis- franchisement or political discrimination on account of‘. religion among the inhabitants of this country. Th-IS great principle, without which all the other clauses of the National Magna Charta would be idle, empty words, it is intended to illustrate without the slightest sectarian ordenominational bias, and this occasion is opportune, to authoritatively pro- claim, that only as a lasting memorial of this leading great truth of the American Constitution in its national, broad, universal, political sense, is this group to be dedicated, and OF AMERICAN INDIEPENDENCE. 39 in no other form or purpose would it be admissible or appropriate. There will be neither in device, design or configuration, nor in inscription, anything in the group or its surroundings around which all our brethren of whatever profession, creed or birth place, who love this country, and who hate oppression, cannot gather in absolute harmony and without offence. It is Well known that the contribution is from the Israelites, native and adoptedcitizens, but as soon as the monument is completed, it will be given to their country as a free will ofiering. It has been saidthat it would be eminently fitting for us, as Israelites, to build this monument, it is just; the Israelitesare the oldest monument builders on the face of the globe. [Applause] Those pyramids near the Red Sea they built, though under oppression—-—-yet fulfilled no less that Abraham-ic promise, that through them and through their seed all nations of the earth should be blessed. In that far land their unrequited toil was exacted while obse- quious courtiers embalmed in frankincense and myrrh, and fine linen, steeped in aromatic spices their unrelenting task- masters, and bathed. the stiffened limbs, and deposited in the sacred mausoleums, as if in very tmockery of death, corn and wine for their sustainance. But after forty cent- turies, archaeologists from the islandsof theisea have broken open these sarcophagi, that corn preserved through those centuries, grows to-—day in many fields of the globe, and gives its portion this hour to fructify our prairies and make this country’s wealth. So the work of the bondsmen preserves the undying germs of liberty. [Applause] And the monuments themselves, those grand pyramids, stand monitors opening new paths through which to fraternize the world.‘ They stand there with their occult science, their problems of geometry, their. beauty and symmetry, their indestructible materials--l-declaring’you, my brethren, the greatest monument, builders on the face of the globe, and this, will be a fit sequence of those great works. Through ages and ages you have been persecuted" and enslaved. Here, not as bondsmen but freemen, at last you erect a stone that will typify and verify the words of the prophet--“The stone that the builders rejected has become the corner stone." Brethren, in common with our fellow citizens of every creed and sect, we hail this coming commemorative Centenary. of the 4.0 CELEBRA TION OF THE NINE TY-»NINT}{ ANNIVERSAIE Y‘ United States, hoping it will be a harbinger of peace, of ‘forget- fulness ofall bitter feelings among all our citizens, and that we may look only to the benefits which this country has vouch- safed t:o.us all----in a Word, that there may be but one country. “ Freemen, for Freeclom’s sake, arise! And make your voices reach the skies, Till psalms of hope and hymns of prayre Reverberate each breath of air; And Hampshire"s hills re-echo back, To the shores of Potomac. Then let that lovely river speak To the majestic Chesapeake, And it in turn catch up the strain Whispering it to Ponchartrain. On let the noble language go Until it lisps to Ohio, And murmuring o‘er its glassy waves, Watt the grand notes o’er heroes’ grave, Newly inspire Nevada"s peak, A And Vernorfs shades next let it seek. Lingering near that spot so dear ‘Round ashes that all men revere, Gathering hope as onward bound O'er sacred, plain and classic ground, Till hill and dale and lake and sea Breathe one harmonious symphony, And every zephyr catch the strain Of the grand anthem once again, Singing with lifted heart and breath, Give me Liberty or Death.” - The meeting now formed in procession, and moved towards the slope overlooking Lansdowne valley, a prominent and beautiful spot, about fifty feet directly in front, north of the National Memorial, selected by permission of the Centennial Commission--—a spot henceforth hallowed in the hearts of, the Israelites of America. i Here Rev. George ‘Jacobs and Alfred T. Jones, on the part of the Centennial Committee of the Order, andiwith the con- sent of the Executive Committee of the Order, formally broke the ground and took possession of the site on which the statue, emblematic of RELIGIOUS LIBERTY, is to be placed and unveiled on the Fourth day of July, 1876. , Thus closed the most interesting ceremony ever performed by the Israelites of America. A OF AMERICAN 1.N'D.EPENDE.NCE. . 4; cmiiiiwows AT THE - NATIONAL MEMORIAL. T he colossal figure of Columbia which surrnounts the dome of the National Memorial (Art: Galleryof the Exhibition), was unveiled by his Honor, Mayor Stokley, in the presence of Select and Common Councils, at half"-past ten o’clocl<. On Friday, M1. Dobbins, contractor for Memorial Hall, found that by 4.2 CELEBRA 7‘./‘ON OF YHE NINE Y‘I"——NJNTf2’ ANJVI VERSAR Y Strenuous exertions he should be able to erect the statue in time for unveiling on the morning of the 5th. He accordingly invited the Mayor and Councils to assist at the ceremony, and about sixty members of both branches of Councils, accom- panied by the heads of the various’ departments of the city government, met at Common Council chamber and proceeded in carriages to the Mayor’s residence, where they were joined by his Honor and Mr. Robert W. Downing, President of Select Council. They then proceeded to the Fairmount bridge, passing over it for the first time oflicially, and thence to the National Memorial. p l C i The party having congregated in a circle under the cupola or the building, Mr. john L. Shoemaker, Chairman of the Centen- nial Committee of Councils, made a brief address, in which he said the members were doubtless very much surprised at having been brought to the Hall to take “part in a ceremony of which there had been no public announcement. He then explained the manner in which the ceremony had been brought about. Mr. , Shoemaker further said, that as the Mayor had broken the ground for the Hall one year ago, it was particularly appropriate that he should unveil the statue which surmounted the dome of‘ the building. * ' a Mayor Stokley took the rope which held in place the wrap- pings and drawing it down, unveiled the figure. He then briefly expressed his gratificationat the rapidity with which the building had been erected, and in the course of his remarks said that he iwas standing in the same spot from which he turned the first shovel Full of earth from the siteiof the building one year ago. It gave him peculiar pleasure thus to see, within one brief year, a stately structure where there was only the bare earth. The speaker concluded by complimenting Mr. Dobbins on the great energy wh ch he had displayed in carrying the building forward. Mr. Shoemaker then proposed three cheers for Mr. Dobbins, after which the party proceeded to the Children’s Ccincert, and thence to Belmont, where they assisted in the “ceremonies at the site of Agricultural Hall. l 57*.fa~ ~*.~‘s~* 7“ -‘- . '- . ‘ 4>.L%3:.‘~:&.:.¢ . H .:‘ I‘.."w__: _ >,~_u-EV‘ ‘I éhfiigy ‘ ‘-In-F »'. :,“‘ . . ‘ I W‘ -. '3)‘ .. ‘ ‘ . \ 1 ' £§ ‘v 0N5». . _- ‘..n_ _ ‘W \\ .V~\>\ * . A , -~ _' *4 « . NV" ‘ \ ,a\5"N \‘§\?“':.T‘ ‘ ‘ “. \\»:‘*-1-:~ \Q‘t{\X\\ E: I ‘kn ‘* ' , _-‘-y‘4 ,1» I ".‘ . 39.1’ 1% ‘ i, " A L‘ ‘K; “ ,.~“. .315 "- "‘ » .‘ «.~f;g§,§~‘z‘.'$‘;‘~" ,~a1_+f.:_ 3% . % % % ‘VH1’-‘§* ' v;‘E;-¥l~‘~’.fs.- — _. ’ . ~ _ - ':‘ _ " xx . A - fig 1. .—, 73. ‘7‘- ;‘.__ H ‘'gr‘ _ ‘ ., .\_ _ \_ 5,. . ‘ . _ .\s..‘..‘_ K. -‘mfg '0, "' -I -: «' R1---‘ ‘N \_ \ ‘ I \ , ' ‘flu’-«§? .3&\“i‘s * I9!lt'9!~ '25 E: =«. ‘ W,» -‘ ~> ~ . - _\,.-g-_‘.,.~= g 1:. 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Q " ' ('1; ~ .._..‘\;,.__‘ . % - V ~ .. 3 ll‘; '3" I « " ‘w‘‘-~ Hr .‘. -afi‘-‘:1; M‘ Will: i*"»‘a:?~.“- ~‘~’-«~**‘** "' ,........ .___.. ‘ “\§§\},\\ -—~'~ “‘~'--— " n -— 9"” _ » .» v “ ' ‘ , . ‘ . ~;§_-Xs‘\~\-.:..x.» ~ - ,_ ~ 44,, ’~:\\ Ni. - . an . » .\ ‘\ . ‘ >1)" --\_\%'a -' ‘ti-’-‘-" ' 0. .- _ “ I‘€t}@*I‘I0]\l i.A.'I‘ “'I‘.‘£-I13 I-IILLnS” I\IA.l\TSIOl\iT. iThe Centennial Humboldt Festival Organization, having "been invited by the Committee of Arrangements of the Centennial Board of Finance, resolved to take part in the Demonstra- tion. The ceremonies were to commence at 2 P. M. precisely, and to consist of instrumental and vocal music, and orations. 6 82 CELEBRATION’ OF THE ]VINETI"-NINTH’ ANNIVERSARY Shortly after one o’clocl<, the respective societies assembled at Pennsylvania and Fairmount avenues, and marched in the following order, colors flying, and drums beating, through the Park by Fairmount entrance: Chief Marshal, Mr. Turnwart Heier, with a stat? of aids, escorted by a company of German Turners (gymnasts), the delegates of the organization; Koltes Post, No. 228, G. A. R;; the singing societies: Liederkranz, Al- lemania Singing Association, Germania Maennerchor, Union Sasn- gerbund, Arion, Sasngerbund, is partly as societies and partly as delegations; company of Herman Lodge, K. of P.; Humboldt Lodge, No. 95, and members of other societies. The rear was brought up by companies of the Turners Societies. The proces- sion, about 1500 men, marched first to the site of the corner-stone for the Humboldt Monument, where a choir of singers composed of over IOO male voices, under the leadership on‘ Professor Kuenzel sung “ The German Mzennergesang,” by Abt and “ The Watch on the Rhine,” in superior style, and then re-formed and passed on to “the Hills ” mansion,* where it assembled under the shadow of the ancient trees surrounding it. The north side of the verandah of the mansion, was appropriately decorated with the National colors of America and Germany, as well as with the flags of other nations. .Mr. Lorenz Herbert, a prominent Ger-— man citizen,T called the meeting to order. Among those present were, besides the delegates of the Centennial Organization, some of the most active members of the Monument Association: Con~ sul Rudolph Koradi; G. Schandein; George Doll; Richard M. Mucklé; and as guest, the Consul General of Germany,iat New York, Dr. Herman A. Schuhmacher. After the singing of the Star Spangled Banner, in which the audience joined, the chairman, Mr. Herbert, then introduced Mr. Charles S. Keyser, who delivered an oration in the English lan- guage, which was received with great applause. Mr. Keyser before proceeding to address the assemblage, addressed the dele——- * The site of the residence of Robert Morris, the Financier of the American Revo- lution. y ‘f Vice President of the Monument Association. OF Am«:1e1C.'-uv INDEPENDENCE. 8 3 gates present, thanking them in the name of the Celebration Committee, as well as the Committee on the Ceremonies of which the orator was Chairman, for their participation in the festivities of the day by this brilliant demonstration. He then spoke as Follows:-—— A “ The spirit oi’ the event strides on before the event, and in to— day already walks to~morrow.” GENTLEMEN: The enthusiasm of these continuous celebra- tions, Concord and Lexington, l\/leclszlenburg and Bunker Hill, and this greater celebration which precedes the lestal year of the Republic, realizes to us its grandeur and its glory. We live already in the hour. The spirit of" a solemn, joyous event is striding on before the e-vent, with its banners, its blare ofitrum- pets, its clash of arms, and its multitudes of people. The tramp ofa mighty army bearing the trophies ofa century of freedom on the earth moves the heart of the land, and echoes back from all other lands. It is that army returning that went forth from our sacred Hall a century ago-———-the army created by a great Baron of your race, 0 German men ! That great Baron is fallen in its ranks long, long years ago--- his greater Commander lives only in immortal fame! All those who fought in its first marches are gone, but the ranks areclosed, and the living stand in the places of the dead, and they who fell away in the last marches of that long campaign of freedom—-—cen- tury long, stand together once more, and so more glorious, that army of the living and the dead returns a mighty host————-conquerors of hostile wastes, emancipators from human bondage. Grander and stronger than in the earlier time, it comes back for conquer- ors’ wreath and crown, and song and festival, bringing the trophies of that long campaign. It comes back with power; in every land its strongholds are set within the people’s heart; the world at last it dominates. We greet the coming of this great army of peace, of the Republic, and the world, the army of the living and the immortal dead. Your friends and brothers are leaders in this army; that great Baron is yours! That greater leader is yours, whose name we honor this day———-—-the huge-brained elder brother of your race. And on this ground shall be set his monument and said his eulogy. Prepare, brethren, for the hour of glory to his great name. Prepare, 0 great City! more and more, for the hour of glory to the land; it is no longer future; it is here! 84 i CELEBRA TJON OF THE‘ N/NE TY-NINTH ANNIIZEZESA./TY This multitude to-day are not the couriers of the coming time, they are the battalions of the host themselves ; these are the songs that fill the air, the glittering lances, the banners of the festal year. We are passing with them this hour through the last por- tal of the old century ; the grand temple of peace rises before us, with their laurels and palms, their garlands and crowns; the joy bells are ringing; the cannon thundering. i Abt’s “ Der Deutsche Mannergesang ” was then sung by the societies, after which Dr. G. Kellner, of the Germmz Democmz‘, delivered an address, of which the following is the text and a literal translation: n Welconie here on this festive day, on this hallowed spot. Five yearsago, on the 16th day of September, 1869, the corner-stone was laid here of the Monument ofa man who is recognized as one of the noblest and worthiest representatives of the highest culture of the mind of modern times-—--——of the Monument of Alexander Humboldt. Then, at the centennial anniversary of his birth, we thought, above all things, of the renown and intellectual greatness of the man which has made him the cosmopolitan, the revered teacher and leader of science for all nations and all times, and the brightrexarnple for the exploration of the universe and the dis- covery of the highest truth. To—day we are assembled here to a sort of preliminary festival for 1876, where, by the erection of the proposed l\/Ionument, we intend. not only to honor ourselves but also our dear fatherland of adoption. The great Republic, whose citizens we are, signifies peace and liberty. Thearts ofpeace, therefore, are the ones that must form her firm foundation. "And knowledge it is that must be the leader of the nation and the instructor of our youth, if the holy fire of freedom and human dignity shall not expire, which ninety-~nine years ago today was kindled on the altar of the Union; if the work of the fathers of the Republic shall be a blessed and lasting one. Knowledge is power---is the highest power of a free nation, ‘without which the exercise of its sover-- eignty is without sense and object, and without duration, because the latter must then act, not for the weal, but for the woe of all. Therefore, we do not look to the hero of bloody battles to point out tous the right path that leads to national welfare and national greatness, and to true refinement andculture. Our heroes, our 01¢ AMEIC‘/CAN INDEPENDENCE. 8 5 leaders, are the great men of peaceful labor, whose professional, industrial, and mental exertions created the progress of humanity ~—-—--our heroes are the great inventors and explorers. The sword, too, has sometimes its rights, but the plough, the hammer, and the loom, and art and science, have it always. The sword con-- quers empires, but it also destroys them; but labor destroys nothing, but preserves everythincr. VVashington was great as a warrior, but he was greater as a citizen, as a founder of a lawful peace, and a lawful order. And among these heroes of peace Alexander Humboldt occupies one of the highest positions. Therefore, we select him of German origin as the intellectual representative of our works, and our worleing for the founding and preservation of this great Republic. German pioneers especially were the ones who cultivated Pennsylvania over two hundred years ago, not with the sword but with labor of peace, and Gerrnan—-Americans contributed some of the best troops of ‘Washington; but, immediately upon the completion of the war, they set the example of peaceful works to all again. Culture, Peace, and Liberty, are the three significant words that must adorn the banner of the Republic. All that the citizens of German origin can contribute thereto shall be done. That is our vow to- day at the spot where, by the erection of a Monument of a great champion of sciences, we intend to furnish the evidence before the entire country and the whole world that we are solemnly in earnest with this vow. In the course of a year we shall meet again and at this spot. With great demonstrations and festivities we shall unveil the l\/Ionument of the man whom we have selected as the representa-A tiveof all accomplishments by which the whole Teutonic race distinguishes itself, whose mental greatness is acknowledged by all our fellow-citizens, and whose culture and humanity should be a shining example to all. Honor to free labor! Honor to free research and science I Witl1 this watchword alone the civic peace and libertyiof the Republic is lasting. Forever and ever may live the State of Labor, the Union of Peace and Liberty----the Republic of the United States. Hebe non ‘Dr. t]. 3{’elTner. gfiillfommenl 9l..B't£lfomnten bier an biefem feftlicfyen Sage, an biefer geroeilyten C°5t(itte.! Sgier mar es, mo nor fitnf §{“5al)1‘en lrereités am 16. C5epten1;ber 1869, her Céfirttnbftein gelegt murbe 511 hem ‘~.il.li01Iu1’1I€tIl: fin: 86 CELEBRATION OF THE IV/N.ETI'1~.7\7!.zVTH ANNIVERSARY einen SD'innn, meicher aié einer her eheiften nnh miirhigften §)iepr(:iientan= ten her f)hcI)ften Cheifteehiihung nihherner Beit gift, 511 hem §)Jihnnrnent fiir Qifercmher Sfiunihhiht. @Cl1“IICII§i hei her i)lIIIbCl‘fjCi[)‘l‘igCII‘ ‘{§eiier ieinecf» @€5111‘f§i'(1g€£3 gehacbien mir nor afien Ebingen heéi» 3i.nf)nie+3 nnh her geiftigen C5)‘r'o'f;e jeneé §Dinn=. nee», hie ifjn ;2,n-ni Slieiihiirger, 311111 gefeierten Siebrer unh §'5’~i'if31rer her §BiW€IIW)tIff fiir afie .9Is’“hIf‘er unh a.IIe Beiten geincieht I)ahen, gum fend): tenhen §23eiipie[ fiir Qfiirfhrieiniiig hefi Sjiieitaiié unh her Ergrfinhung her [)bci)i’ien Sifiahrbeit. fbaninie mhflten mir nhr alien Eingen iijn ebren, nnh hnhnrcb anti) unefi ieihft. A .s:7eui;e finh mir bier neriarnineii gnr §23“hrfeier fiir 1876, me mir hnrcb Cfzrriebtriiig hen?» prhjeftirten §).JEhn1.i1nexit§, nor aiien flbingen Sengnifs iiher uni er eigneé Sliieiexi ahiegen nnh in her 5l3‘eref)r1nig séuiiihhihtei nicbt hiofa 1nie% ieihft, ihnhern anti) nnfer tf)enres3 9,ihoi3tin—<§1§nterInnh 5n eijren ges henfen. ®ie grhiie Siepriiiiif, heren $iirger mir finh, heheniet ‘giriehen unh hehentet Tfiireiheit. Ebie Riiriite heat’: %§‘riehens3, hie QE3‘iIh11ng hefi §l3‘hIf’s8, niiiifeii ihr feftefi $§nnhnnient iein. llnh hue’: ilfiiffen, hie Siuftur heés Gieiftefa, ift e93, meIrI)e2"a her Esiiiljrer her Eiintion unh her Sfiebrer her ffsus genh 1' ein inufi, rhenn hnfa beiiige 9[§~e1.ier her ‘{§~reiI)eit nnh EDi‘enicI)eiirniirhe, meicfgee beiite nor 99 Siihreii nnf hem Sifter her llnihn entgjiiinhet mnrhe, nicbt e1*[hicI)e1i, menu ha?» grhfie ‘fliierf her Qiiiter her Siepnhiif ein gefegs netefa, ein emigee iein ihlf- ,,%1B‘iiie1i ift 9Jiacf)i,” ift hie l)iid)flr ED‘caci)t einer freien ,SR‘afi,DII, oi)ne meicbe hie Sliiifiuhniig i[)rer Sgobeit unh Eveihfts regiernng, ibrer @.:D1.1D€r('i1‘IiiCif, obne Ginn nnh élierftanh nnh obne Eauer iii, weir fie ciiéhann nicht 31,1111 lsfpeil, ionhern gum llnheif fiir Mile Inerhen ninfa. SDee3[)n'[h ic[)anen mir nirfgt emf hie Sgeihen hiutiger @cI)IncI)ten, urn uné hen ricbtigen §lBeg 5-1.1 geigen gum: 9;3‘h[f‘eihhi)Iiiii)r‘t, gnr Eiintioixiaigrhfge unh 3n éicbter Siluitnr anh C55€WZflIl‘Ig. llni" ere .S?;eIh en, uni ere ‘g‘§~i'ibrer iinh hie grhiien §)Ji<'inner iriehiicber Slirheit, heren gemerbiicbe, inhu= ftrieife nnh geiftige Sl[I'IffI‘CTIg111”[gCTI hen fiortidjritt her §)Jienici)f)eit’ icbus fen. llni ere Sfpeihen finh hie grhfgen Qiiriinher nnh Ci§Dl‘fCi)CI‘. Qluci) has?» Ecbmert bat gum eilen hue Sfiecfyt, ether her $Bf[ng, hie Qlrt, her Sgcrms nier, her Efiehftubi, hie Siunft nnh hie §I§3ifienicI)aft bahen eh imni er. ‘lbaéi Eehmert erhhert §Tieicf)e, aher eé ggerfthrt fie anti). .@ie Sllrheit aher erohert hie fleit unh gerfthrt Sieicbie, ihnhern erI)z'i[t Sliieé. 5J3ai£)ing: ten mar grhfs are fyeihherr, aher egrhfier ale‘: %‘i'irger, rife %‘egr1'inher he?» geieigiichen ‘5~riehen«3, her geieigiiieben Drhnnng unh her harauf gegriins heten greibeif. L llnh unter hen Sgeihen hee ‘giriehené nirnrnt Sliieganher sfgunihofht einen her Ighehfieri %Iéii;e ein. Earnni inrihien mir iijn, her aufi heutfebem OF .4.-m«:2e1c.4zv INDEPENDENCE. 87 Etcnnrne entfprofien, afé hen geiftigen éfienréfentnnten nnferer 5J£>‘er’fe unh nnferes 5..B3irfTen§ fitr hie Chrfmhnng nnh hie Cbirbaftnng hief er Sfepu: hfif, _E® eutfcbe $ioniere bnrnatféichlicb mnren eéi, tmeIcI)e Sfienrufnlnnnien cuitinirten, icbon nor faft 200 Snfyrerr, nicbt rnit hem @5rI)mert, fonhern hurch hie Qlrheit heé ‘firiehenfi. Hnh Sberxtfchsflinrerifnrrer nonren e6, mefcbe an hen heften f.33r1nn3en ’§I£>‘aif)i1Igton’§ gehhrten, aher fofort nacf) Qfieenhigung he23 llnnhf)nngigfeitesfihnrrrrpfefi rhieher alien Slnhern ale §!3hr= hilh nnt friehficher Qtrheit nornn gnngerr. ,,5BiIhung, «C-giriehen unh ‘{3“reiI)eit” finh hie hrei inhaIt«3fcI)roe= ren Slfiorte, naelcbe hue Slinnner her Shepuhfif gieren rniifi en. flfffeé, maé hie Qfiitrger henticher 5l£hf111r1‘t hag-n heitragen fhnnen, {DH gefcfyefyen. ‘§Dn.<3 ift unfer Gfieihhnifi cnn‘bent'rgen Séiage, an hie? er getneibten énitte, mo mir hurcf) @rri.cf)tnng bee @5tanhhiIhe§ eineé groieen Sffiorféirnpferé her 5IS‘>"ifi'e1Ifchnft nor hem gaugen Sfimthe, nor her gcmgen §IB‘eIt hen ihemeifi 511 ffibren gehenfen, haf; e5 uni er heifiger ©rnfi; ift nnt hief €111 feieriicben Qiefhhniie. Sn Sgnbrefifrift feben mir mm?» mieher an hiefer Etefle; merhen rnir bier nnter grhfsnrtigen .‘®enmnftrntihnen nnh %3’~eter[icf)feiten has’: ‘£>‘iIh hee §.DEanne§ entE)i'11£en, mefchen nnr nié hhenréifentanten afler geiftigen §I§or5i1ge erforen, mohnrcf) fici) nicbt M05 hie hentf cl) e, fhnhern hieges fnnnnte gerlnnnifche hher tentnnifche Since nrzfigeirhxvtet, heifen geiftige‘ Fifi! Girhise non alien nnfern 9JEithi'1rgern anerfnnnt nnrh, nnh henen %'r[= hung nnh .S§u11rnnitéit 92I[[en ein Iencbtenhef» §I§hrhiIh fein MI. Q>Zf)re her freien Qfrheitl (fibre her freien %3‘~oricf)1mg nnh 9T..5.3i.fi"e1rfc[)nft! llnter hiefern §lBncf)trnf aflein nnrh her éhtzrgerfriehen nnh hie Efreibeit in gforreicber Sfiajefrdt hnuernh hegrtmhet fteljenl 3:6 in nlfe 3eiten Iehe nrrerfcbfittert non Sltnfsen nnh rm §3n1Iern her C5tnnt her ‘zetrbeit, hacs Sm)! unh her Qhxnh he?» Effriehene nnh her §3‘reif)eit, hie Elrepuhfif her ‘l3ereinigten Etantenl V The programme closed with a hearty rendition of the “ Wacht am Rhein,” sung by almost all of the thousands of Germans present. fme Encbt am $fi)eiu. ($6 hrauft ein She? mie Sbonnerfefmff, 5l33ie Eichmertgeffirr nnh §lBogem3raI£: Burn §R‘Ijein, gum Shhein, gmn hentfcben 9%I)ein, §33.3er will hes Etrorneé Egflter Tern! .S3ieb’ 91>‘aterInnh, mngft rnbig fein, 8‘eft ftebt unh treu h”'re ‘L‘nr£)t am Shbeinl 8 8 CELEBR.-4 TJON OF THE JVJNE Tl "-.VJN7'H- ANJVIMERSARY Ebmscl) .S:)1l1Ib€1‘i'=i'Ct1t’l-€115 gucft c3 1' cbiielf, Hub Slfileis Slliugeiii llliifiell bell: fiber Eeuficlye bieber fromin imb ftarf, §8e='cI)i.'Li§t hie I)eil’ge Ssanbeés = Efikarf; iéieb’ $aterIcmb nmgft rnlyig fem, 95~e‘ft ftefyt imb treu Die ?§i>"acl)t mu §)%f)ei11! Blicft l)l1I(I1lfl1‘I .‘,§i11I1l1IC.l§2(11l71‘t, E30; lsfielbeiinéiter ‘IIl(3'DG‘1J]~Cl)(1lL7I‘I, limb fclimijrt in ftolger %1’1n;>fe§a[1.ifi:: ,,f.D1i §)i‘;f)eli11 bleilnft beutlcl) mie insure %'121.lffl” Eielb’ élhiterlanb iiliiigft riibig 1' cm, ES‘-eff ftebt imb trim brie Sifiacljt out §)i’:l)eiru!. 60 long cm Cr531‘D}3fC1‘I %I11t noun gliilgt, fltocl) elite %3‘~auft been Qegeii giebt, llnb nod) ein Qlriri hie §5*1L'u:l)1' e iiiciiiiit, Qietritt fem ‘fielitib Drier beiiieii Eitraiibl Slieb’ §l>‘CIfC’rlcIIIb 1‘1‘ICIglf131lDlg iein, ‘gait ftebt unb treu Die §I£>‘ac[)t can %Rl)ein! fber £r>£.vD£.NCE. - 89 ‘ . ::_..‘.-_—-_____~;«_, ~--'-*'''‘‘‘ j""""_,__.,,_..__...'.¢..—....--- _."' _-mmw-. ‘ V -2»; pt" '91‘ '-"‘*‘ .. I. CEiiF1" .\,.‘.-‘-' ‘I _ — '§'~:— 7': 4 = = ..: ='->2-' - ' . - , - ’_l _ _ _ _V ‘H 1. _...—_...,~-. ,<_.A...~ ____-._.-.-r., A_ > :5 :- ' ‘ ~55 _ ~: :5 «- .:;_.‘ ~*._.;:._.- '_<._- jg:--":~ ,-,1: /3 ' . ,_‘_>}; i. I I \- <>‘/~ ‘§roI1mu5I¢'S'n %1at1r1§ei'A1[Lr9(L1t2r7'é1€itiid \ . i.. \ %_ {N5 N1! % “M I I _r l 12 MACHINERY HALL. This structure is located west of" the intersection of Belmont and Elm Avenues, at a distance of‘ 54.2. feet from the west front of the Main Exhibition Building. and 274. feet from the north side of Elm Avenue. The north front of the building will be upon the same line as that of the Main Exhibition Building, thus presenting a frontage of 3.824. feet tiom the east to the west ends of the Exhibition Buildings upon the principal avenue within the grounds. The building consists of the Main Hall, 360 feet wide by 1,4.o:».- feet long," and an annex on the south side of 208 feet by are feet. The entire area covered by the Main Hall and annex is 558,44.o square feet, or 12.82 acres. Including the upper floors the building provides 14. acres of floor space. The principal portion of the structure is one story in height, showing the main cornice upon the outside at 40 feet from the ground, the interior height to the top of the ventila- tors ir. the avenues being 7o feet, and in the aisles 4.0 feet. To break the long lines upon the exterior, projections have been introduced upon the four sides, and the main entrances finished with facades, extending to 78 feet in height. The east. entrance will form the principal approach from the Main Exhibition Building, and from the street cars. Along the south side will be placed the boiler houses and such other buildings for special kinds of machinery as may be required. The arrangement of the ground plan shows two main avenues, 90 feet wide by 1,360 feet long, with a central aisle between and an aisle on either side. Each aisle is 6o feet in width; the two avenues and three aisles making the total width of goo feet. At the centre of the building is a transept of 90 feet in width, which at the south end is prolonged beyond the Mainll-Iall. This transept beginning at 36 feet from the Main Hall and extending 208 feet, is flanked on either side by aisles of Go feet in width, and forms the annex for hydraulic machines. The promenades in the avenues are I5 feetain width 5 in the transept 25 feet, and in the aisles to feet.‘ All other walks extending across the building are 10 feet in width, and lead at either end to exit doors. (Ito) 02'» AMER/CAA’ INDEPENDENCE. ; ~ 1 1 1 rows OULOCK coNcaar.. The Concert given at four o’clock, in Machinery Hall, by the “Choral Combination,” and the Orchestra of the Centennial lVlusicalAssociation, was one of the most successful and enjoy- able of the series of entertainments provided for the day. The Choral Combination was composed of nearly six hundred ladies and gentlemen, representing the following named Philadelphia Societies, viz.: The Choral branch of the Centennial Musical Association; Handel and Haydn Society; Vocal Union; Abt Society; Philadelphia Oratorio Society; West Philadelphia Choral Society; and Méinnerchor. iProfessors William Wol- a sieffer and Jean Louis were its Musical Directors. The Orches—- . tra, numbering fifty--five performers, was led by Mr. Simon I-Iassler. « There was an immense audience at the Children’s Concert in the morning; but the numbers were nearly doubled in the after- noon. Long before the singers took their places on the stage, the vast building was fairly packed in every spot within sight or hearing of the performers; and the discomforts and annoy- ances that are inevitable in such a throng, were borne with the characteristic good nature of an American crowd. The audience, besides being immense in numbers, was brilliant in appearance; and a view, from the stage, of the acres of upturned faces, was a sight not easily forgotten. r A C . A few minutes before four o’clock, the members of the Chorus left the offices of the Board of Finance, where they had assembled, and took their places on the stage. a ‘ . Promptly at four olclocl: the Concert was begun, with the per- formance, by the orchestra, of Leutner’s “Festival «Overture;-” and the audience at once became quiet and attentive. Then the choral part of the programme was initiated by the first public _ I I 2 CELEBRA TION OF THE NINE TY-NINTH ANJVIVERSARY performance of a new National Hymn, “ God bless our Native Land,” composed by Prof. Albert G. Emerick, of this city. Led by Mr. Louis, the Chorus sang this very meritorious com- position in a most efifective manner, Mr. Wolsieffer then took a the baton, and Barnby’s “ March of the Men of Columbia” was sung in fine style. t It was received with immense applause, and was immediately re—demanded. A serenade, “ Good Night, my- Love,” written by Mr; Adam Geibel, a distinguished pupil of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, was then sung as a duo, by the female voices alone, under the direction of Mr. Louis. It was given with a rich and beautiful volume of tone, and was heartily encored. A r The serenade was followed by lVIillard's “ Our Nation's Song,” by the full Chorus; after which the orchestra performed Meyer- beer’s magnificent “ l\/Iarche aux Flambeaux.” The next num- ber on the programme was Kinkel’s “ Farewell, Beloved Maid ;” a chorus for male voices in four arts without accom animent. T > 2 P Under the direction of Mr. VVolsieffer, it was sung with great accuracy and expression, and was encored. Haydn’s grand cho- rus, “The Heavens are Telling the Glory of God,” was then sung withstriking effect. Some pleasing selections of Strauss’ music were then performed by the orchestra; after which, Ros- sini’s attractive and melodious chorus, “ Hail to Thee, Liberty,” was sung. The concluding numbers were the orchestral perform- ance of the Introduction and Weddirig match from “Lohengrin ; ” Mozart’s “ Gloria in Excelsis,” by the Chorus; and the overture to “ William Tell,” performed by the orchestra. All the music, vocal and instrumental, was rendered in such a manner as to command the approval of the most critical musical ears and judgments. The singers, showed careful training, sang with good method and expression, and gave abundant evidence of the fact that Philadelphia can raise a powerful and first class Chorus, even under unfavorable circumstances and at short notice , , Much to the surprise of all, the hall, although, covering so much space, proved to have remarkably fine acoustic qualities. OF AME R‘./CA.Z\«‘ JNDEPENDEJVCE. y 1 3 l:l;l:"lW) '.'vv' l all i cgfifi ‘am §«ll”‘;g‘;Vg,‘l';sart Vi ’ ,5» allékfiw aria ’1‘§I»E %£A2I