THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA PRESENTED BY o,f. enODDS, iat. Cp630 U 5 6O ze) | UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXTENSION SERVICE CIRCULAR 387 June 1942 Orange and Lee Counties, North Carolina, Demonstrate How NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS Can Help in Securing Participation of Rural Families in AGRICULTURE'S WARTIME PROGRAMS Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Roberts, neighborhood leaders for St. Mary's Neighborhood, Orange County, North Carolina, check their list of neighbors and their neighborhood map to be sure that they have reached every family. JUNE 2, AND 3_—- 441 RURAL FAMILIES WERE PERSONALLY INTERVIEWED The purpose of the survey was to secure a measure of the effectiveness of the neighborhood leadership system (under controlled conditions of “path organi- zation, training, and follow-up) in ace every rural family to carry out specific actions desired in Agriculture's wartime program. During the 40 ears between April 22 and June 1, 1942 sa: and Lee Coun- ties agreed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the nei ghborhoo leadership system as a method of securing complete and prompt coverage of rural families. The survey was a cooperative undertaking of the Extension Services of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, of the North Carolina State College of Agricul-. ture, and of Orange and Lee Counties, North Carolina. ORANGE COUNTY Extension Agents GENERAL INFORMATION Don 8. Matheson / Agricultural Agent The 441 families interviewed in Lee and Orange Joe NH. Howard Counties, North Carolina, were a representative Assistant Agricultural Agent cross section of the rural dee pape in many parts of Woodward Byars the South. Thirteen percent were engaged in occu-. Home Demonstration Agent pations other than farming but were liVing in farm M. C. Burt neighborhoods. Ten percent were part-time farmers Negro Agricultural Agent of farm laborers. Raby Crows Negro Home Demonstration Agent Many of these families cannot eee be reach ed with wartime messages. Previous to the inaugura- 1940 Census Data tion of the neighborhood leadership Sy Seals no adult Farm population 11,322 member of 30 percent of the families had actively Farns 2,043 participated in extension activities by attending Average size of farus 86 A meetings or calling on the agent at his office. Average acres) in crops ae additional a0 perceut reported very occasional par- Principal cash crop bithent ticipation. No adult in 18 percent of the families had been reached by extension information in any Sample surveyed: way. 168 white families 139 living on ferns | Only 26 percent of the homemakers and male 29 rural nosfare heads of households had any schooling beyond the 102 Hegre fanilics seven elementary grades. Only 41 pefcent took 95 living on farns daily newspapers. Many did very little reading. ood be poh Twenty-nine percent did not have radios, 35 per- rant oatery cent did not have any kind of car or truck, and Beet ene only 6 percent had telephones. rap ot dae However, these families were aware of the beet Koa EN ees ee pede coe system, All but 11 per- Gernsl ta 'Siapesn cent knew the name of their neighborhood leader. Home Demonstration Agent 1940 Census Data ber ae tape tes Data From the Survey and From the 1940 Census reveceialie critaae 70 & on Farmers and Rural Farm Population Average acres in crops 20 4 Sample |Orange andjState of Inter- Lee North viewed| Counties |Carolina 69 7 31 23 64 60 36 Mo: 15 7 25 23 J. P. Leagans Extension Plahning Specialist ~42 State College Station ; eu Raleigh, North Carolina. Principal cash crops Cotton-Tobacco United States Semple surveyed: 144 white families Percentage of farm operators 127 living on farma who are: 17 rural nonfarm White 28 Negro families Negro (non-white) 24 living on farms Owners (and part-owners) 4 rural nonfarm Tenants Percentage of homemakers and A - male heads ef households This report prepared by: (Adults over 25 years of age) with: ; Barnard Jo Onis elencnt chooli Seniopaeri eal turist, Division of ahaha hm re Gs Bield studies and Training, Serna ha: grade school or nm service, 5 More than elementary school - S. Department Of Agriculture Washington, Dec. : iret: thee Sok an NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1941 preva? Neighborhoods were delineated Neighborhood leaders were nominated ORANGE COUNTY Ten community meetings of selected farm leaders divided the communities into neighborhoods. WNames of prospective neighborhood leaders were suggested. In 39 meetings during the week of January 12, the plan wag explained and neighborhood leaders were selected. Total attendance at meetings 1,677, average 43. Typical neighbor- hood of 45 white families had 5 neighborhood leaders. Several wartime jobs were discussed at January 12-17 meetings: Bonds and Stamps, Increased Food Production, Nutrition, Machinery Repair, Scrap Iron Collection and Camp Survey. At training meetings for neighborhood leaders during the week of February 2, lists of families in each neighbor- hood were developed and responsibility for reaching the fam- ilies was divided among leaders in the neighborhood. Negro neighborhoods were delineated, leaders elected, and family lists developed in March. : LEE COUNTY Six community meetings of selected farm leaders div- ided the communities into neighborhoods. Neighborhood lead- ers were selected at these November meetings. At meetings of selected leaders in December the family lists for each neighborhood were developed and divided among the leaders. : At six community meetings for all rural families the week of January 12, the plan was explained. Several wartime jobs were discussed: Bonds and Stamps, Increased Food Pro- duction, Nutrition, Machinery Repair, and Scrap Iron Collec- tion. During the week of May 25 additional leaders were select- ed in Lee county so that no leader would have more than 10 families on his list. A typical neighborhood now has 37 white and 8 Negro families; 4 white neighborhood leaders and 1 Negro. Map of Lee county showing 6 commnities 38 neighborhoods and areas in which both white and Negro families were surveyed (shaded) Status of Neighborhood Leadership on April 1, 1942 - Orange county 117 white men leaders 7&8 white women leaders 54 negro men leaders 23 negro women leaders Lee county 65 white men leaders 60 white women leaders 8 negro leaders Ss. 6 Map of Orange county showing 10 communities, 39 white neighborhoods and areas in which white families were surveyed (shaded) Map of Orange county showing 27 Negro neighborhoods and areas in which Negro families were surveyed Neighborhood leaders called meetings or visited farmers Circular letters were sent to all farmers News stories were published in papers Farm machinery meetings held February 26 and 27 Attendance at 3 Orange County meetings — 160 Attendance at Lee County meeting — 200 FARM MACHINERY REPAIR LIST Each Farmer Should Use Thie List As a Guide in Checking Needed Repair Parts. This Shovld Be Done At Once NAME 4 _ADDRESS __ uy j Rf. | D SIZE Se distributed at meetings end by _2. Two-horse plows SRR GE Se neighborhood leaders. « Disc harrows PERERA ee A Ee - Peg harrows Sa ELT Aa Farmers filled it out and gave . Fertilizer distr. RETEST it to the dealers. b. Planters, corn & cotton [2.8 0] 1 ee cultivators : pau B je Hay rakes : 10. Grain drill PERSE EN DA ll. Stalk cutters RS Ee PO 12. Wagone Bee eee eae 13. Tobacco Sprayers BEES SC ssa Foi 1h. Feed grinders RE ar 15. Hay balers Ress Bead SS A one-page mimeographed flyer was distributed by neighborhood 16. Manure spreaders Ras ee Ee: Vaadars! 1]. Lime spreaders Be Ce eee. ig, Grain binders cL LS I 19. Gas engines Ee ae ee Ra 20. Water pumps Pee SS Pea eae 21. Farm tractors es a 22. Stationary power Br el athe Paienbon 23. Tractor disc eee ae rere eee y Si Q. fo rough the neighborhood leadership system (personal contacts mee tin Ss alled B neighborhood leaders, traini i ¢ 8 20 through circular letters they had read tie aN aici asta 2 38% through news stories they had read 31% through the check list or other leaflet 31% eo Peas Le, Machinery Repair and other meetings held by extension 27% through radio programs Twenty-two farmers repaired their machinery in the fall aca Zou NO. | odd — int spring to check and repa the | mac ery: Sy 1 and made or Ordered re ie 18% checked their machinery and found no repairs were needed cea ake 24% followed their usual custom of waiting until spring to repair their machinery FEBRUARY 2 - 5- 1942 : - VICTORY GARDEN PROGRAM WAS STARTED ORANGE COUNTY 4 leader training meeting was held in each of the 39 neighbor- hoods during the week of Febru- ary 2. Attendance - 163 neighborhood leaders out of a total of 272. The meeting was summarized and instructions given to each leader. LEE COUNTY Leader training meetings were held in each of the 6 communi- ties with 101 out of a total of 133 neighborhood leaders attend- ing. Same instructions were given to leaders as in Orange County. Weighborhood leaders set a g00d example by growing a Victory Garden themselves. NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS' PART IN THE VICTORY GARDEN PROGRAM Neighborhood Leaders, 28,000 Strong, Representing Every Rural Neighborhood in North Carolina, Will Play the Major Role in Making the Victory Garden Program a Success What is a Victory Garden? A Victory Garden is one in which a sufficient quantity of different vegetables are grown to properly feed the family. Normally, this requires 1/10 acre for each member of the family with 10 or more different vegetables grown. The Victory Garden Program is a part of our regular agricultural pro- gram, which consists of a plan for: (1) producing the food for the family and feed for the livestock, (2) cropping system and fertilizer practices that will maintain the soil in a highly productive condition, and (3) the production of cash crops combined with sound livestock, dairy and poultry activities in such degree as will supply the cash needed by the family. Purpose of Victory Gardens fo develop stronger and healthier bodies, save money for the producer, and supply our armed forces with plenty of good food. Procedure In a recent meeting at State College for discussing the Victory Garden program, every agency and organization working with rural people in North Carolina pledged their participation in putting forth every effort to help farm families in our State do their part in the National Victory Garden Program. WAYS THAT NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS CAN PARTICIPATE IN THE VICTORY GARDEN PROGRAM 1. Grow a Victory Garden. 2. Contact neighbors and encourage them to grow a Victory Garden. 3 Assist in carrying to neighbors information pertaining to: a. Planting, cultivating, and growing a Victory Garden >. Informational material on food conservation c. Informational material on selection and preparation of food. (Information on the above subjects will be available at the county agent's office.) 4. Acquaint each neighbor with the advantages of the Family Garden Seed Package and encourage him to use it. Some of the advantages are: a. It is economical. The difference between the cost of the package of garden seed and the same amount of seed bought at different intervals represents a saving of $3 to $5. b. Seed would be on hand at all times during the planting seasons and when the soil is ready. c. Planting seed can be saved for 1943 when both high prices and scarcity may exist. 5. Make contacts with the following and encourage them to use every oppor- tunity to emphasize the Victory Garden Program: a. Rural ministers >. Rural Sunday School Superintendents c. Local fertilizer and seed dealers ad. Local store keepers and filling station operators @. School principals and teachers f. Farm organizations and other organizations of which you are a member, 6. Use every opportunity to discuss the Victory Garden Campaign. "GROW YOUR FOOD IN A VICTORY GARDEN, SAVE YOUR MONEY, BUY DEFENSE BONDS" fhe Patriotic Duty of Every Farm Family Demands Participation in the Victory Garden Progran. =t6o FEBRUARY 1942 - NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS VISITED THEIR NEIGHBORS URGING THEM TO GROW A VICTORY GARDEN. THEY LEFT EACH FAMILY A GARDEN LEAFLET Neighborhood leaders’ efforts were supplemented by: Circular letters V IC SPOR © A ADEN FO R aa MILY OF F \ VE ji “ Stories in newspapers —~ A Ui 3 - a Victory Garden Programs Gis ie a te bs) 4-H Club meetings Home Demonstration Club meetings Efforts ef other organ- mH a £ 12 a : I, Wy at # - eh en oy ae : gt | “nyooa Will Win The War and Write The Peace® Secretary of Agriculture, izations Claude R. Wickard Crop Planting Days to Number of Amount of Distance between Date Mature Row Fest Seed Plants Beans, Bush Lima May 1-15 60-70 250 3 lbs. 6-10 in. Beans, Pole Lima May 1-15 75-95 250 lbs 2 ft. Beans, Bush Snap Start last Apr. Make 4 plantings 3 45-65 375 5 lbs. 3-4 in. weeks apart. Fall crop in dug. sel ha ne okeer tere’ Beans, Pole Snap Apr.1-15 65-70 200 lbs 2-3 ft. MESSAGE HAD REACHED 92% Beets Febd.15~-18 60-70 125 ozs. 4-- 5 in. *Cabbage (plants) Feb.15-28 90-100 250 3 of. = - cone Carrots Fed. 15-18 70-80 125 ozs. - : 138 Datel re “Collards (plants) May 1-15 120-150 250 1 os. 12 = 18 4a. (peraonal colitacts Cucumber Apr.15-30 60-65 50 2h ozs. =: in. meetings called by neigh- | “Lettuce (plants) Feb.15-28 80-85 200 1 oz. 8-10 in. borhood leaders and train-| ra Apr.15-30 50-60 ib ozs 2 ft. ing meetings for leaders) | Peas (field) Apr.15-30 © 75-90 ts lbs. 2 = 3 in. Peas (garden) Feb.15-28 55-65 lbs. har P 8 (plants Apr.15-30 100-120 - 50 30 plants : t eppers (p P 658 icy hate eaene Mle Oal ons (sets) Oct.15-30 60-80 100 5 pints 3-% Feb. 1-15 43% through news stories they | Kale Mar. 10 65-75 250 2h ozs 8-10 in. had read. Apr. 1 Sept.1-30 42% who recalled reading the Spinach Feb.15-28 40-50 250 2 ozs 2 in. leaflet "Victory Garden Sais for a Family of Five" or ° ssastoukse Victory Garden | Squash Apr.15-30 45-55 50 ozs 16 in. leaflet or bulletin Sweet Corn Apr.15-30 60-9 500 1g lbs. 3 ft. Mastard Mar. 1 ; 500 5 ozs. Z-% in. 38% through radio programs me ae *Tomatoes (plants) Apr.15-30 100-120 750 4 oss. 3-% ft. Dt tcesin eee ee | Perains Mars 3-15 50555 500 sBesss «= 2 = 3 tas Aug. 15 “Plants - Tomatoes and Pepper plants for spring garden, and collards and cabbage for fall garden can be grown at home. Cabbage and collards for spring gardens should be bought if not already on hand. Use 2,000 lbs. of stable mamre if broadcast, and 1,000 lbs. if used in Tows, plus 400 lbs. of 5-7-5 fertiliser per acre. All the seed for this garden can be obtained from your seed dealer in one package at quite a saving. Weighbdorhood Leaders nade Follow-up visits in Marck leaving a poste with each family that ha< planted a Victory Garden THE RESPONSE 70 THE PROGRAM-BY THE 44) FAMILIES WAS: SSS SE a PROGRAM’ BY THE Sl FAMILIES WAS ‘93% had 10 or more of the 20 recommended vegetables in their 1942 gardens 87% had better gardens in 1942 than in 1941 77# had larger gardens in 1942 than in 1941 -7- ORANGE COUNTY APRIL 18, 1942 Orange County invited to demonstrate the effectiveness of neighborhood leadership systen APRIL 19, 1942 4 conference witn chairman of county defense council APRIL 20, 1942 Plans for demonstration developed tentatively at meeting of county extension agents and district and State extension workers Programs selected for demonstration - Edible Soybeans Scrap Metal and Rubber Bond and Stamp Pledge Campaign Responsibility was divided: (General supervision (Present plan to Agricultural Workers! Council (Present plan to U.S.D.A. War Board Don S. Matheson, (Arrange county-wide leader training meeting Agricultural Agent (Prepare Bond and Stamp and Salvage publicity (Conduct some of follow-up training meetings (Prepare circular letter Woodward Byars, (Prepare edible soybean publicity Home Demonstration Agent (Conduct some of follow-up training meetings (Promote programs through home demonstration clubs Joe N. Howard, (Promote programs through 4-H Clubs Assistant Agricultural Agent (Conduct some of follow-up training meetings M. C. Burt, (Train and follow-up Negro neighborhood leaders Negro Agricultural Agent Buby Crews, (Promote through Negro home demonstration clubs Negro Home Demonstration Agent ‘Mary Thomas, (Prepare leaflet on Edible Soybeans Nutrition Specialist Fred Sloan, (Arrange to have soybean seed secured and packaged State Program Leader - J. P. Leagans, (Prepare instructions for neighborhood leaders Planning Specialist Annamerle Arant, (Arrange for soybeans to be served at county-wide District Agent (training meeting John Fox, (Assist with publicity program Assistant Extension Editor APRIL 22, 1942 Agricultural Workers' Council considered and approved the plan Editors of all papers in county were interviewed APRIL 23, 1942 U.8.D.4. War Board considered and approved the plan - 8 - APRIL 28, 1942 — ORANGE COUNTY COUNTY-WIDE TRAINING MEETING FOR NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS MEETING OF ORANGE COUNTY NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS Tuesday, April 28 - 2:30 p.m. Courthouse - Hillsboro, North Carolina PROGRAM Song - Negro High School Chorus 4. H. Graham - General Chairman, Orange County Defense 2:55 Don S. Matheson, County Farm Agent - "Summary of Past Accomplishments of Committees" John W. Goodman, Assistant Director, Extension State College - Introduce Fred S. Sloan, in charge of North Carolina Rural Organization Fred 8. Sloan, State Program Leader - Talk on "The Selection of Orange County as One of Four Counties in the United States and the Importance of This Survey" W. E. Thompson, County Bond Chairman - “Sale of War Bonds" C. W. Tilson, Manager of Farmers Exchange - "Buy a Bond Pig" 3:30 Joe N. Howard, Assistant County Agent - "Salvage Program" R. L. Mohler, Soil Conservation - "Garden Program" 3:40 Miss Woodward Byars, Home Demonstration Agent - Introduce Miss Mary E. Thomas, State Extension Nutrition Specialist Miss Mary E. Thomas - “Edible Soybeans and Their Place on Every Farm" i M. C. Burt, Negro County Agent - Introduce J. W. Jeffries, Negro District Extension Agent Sampling cooked edible soybeans after the meeting J. W. Jeffries - “Importance of Committees’ Work to Negro Farmers" Summary by Don 8. Matheson Roll Call by Joe N. Howard Total Attendance — 265 149 of the 195 white neighborhood leaders 66 of the 77 Negro neighborhood leaders ote 39 of white neighborhoods were represented of the 27 Negro neighborhoods were represented Brg ue APRIL 28 TO MAY 30, 1942 — ORANGE COUNTY Neighborhood leaders were given subject matter instruction and a definite outline en. ‘ Fi * of what they were expected to do. INSTRUCTIONS TO NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS 1. See during this week and next week all families in your neighborhood. 2. Impress on them the need for “Cleaning Up" all scrap iron, old rubber, rags, torn discarded bags, etc., and ask them to donate to the Orange County War Fund. Ask them to get salvage collected by May 9. Give your county office a list of all people having salvage by May 9. Truck will get it. Explain value of edible soybeans and give one package to each family who has already disposed of salvage, or who agrees to give salvage now. Impress on them that early May is the time to plant and that survey offi- cials will check on whether or not they have been planted June 1. Tell them from which store more can be had. - Ask each family about Victory Garden. Tell them about Army using 40% to 60% of canned goods, also about possi bility of selling surplus vegetables to Colonial Stores, etc. Ask if they have planted any new vegetables in 1942. If not, encourage them to try several. Suggest that these be planted before June 1, when this check will be made. Tell them about War Bond Drive throughout United States. Explain need, and the fact that it is our best and saf- est investment. Try hard to get every family to pledge an acre or a pig. Tell about Farmers Exchange offer, and fill out blank. Note their interest, and try to determine whether or not a pig placed with this family could be fed to maturity profitably. Be ready to report on all these things to county agents when they visit neighborhood committees during week of May 10. Follow-up training meetings were field in each of the 39 whnite neigiiboriioods and 27 Negro neighborhoods the week of May ll. Neighborhood leaders visit M. C. Burt, Negro Agricultural Agent, in his office to report on progress and to get answers to questions raised by their neighbors = 10 —- APRIL 30, 1942 - ORANGE COUNTY Circular Letter is Sent to All Farm Families COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN RTH CAROLINA STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS EXTENSION SERVICE RaniCoLTORE AND ENGINEERING UNITED SVATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURE COOPERATING State College Station, Raleigh, N. C. To All Farm Families in Orange County HOW YOU CAN HELP WIN THE WAR The Federal Government has selected Orange County as one of four counties in the entire United States in which to make a study of "How farmers can best put across War Programs." This choice was made because of the splendid way you re- sponded to the Scrap Iron Drive, the Victory Garden Campaign, the Machinery Repair Drive, and the request for more milk, eggs, and soybeans. May we congratulate you on the government's choice of you in Orange County to lead the way for farmers throughout the United States. - The Orange County War Planning Board is asking you to do these important jobs during the month of May: (Your neighborhood leader will talk to you about then within the next few days) _ COLLECT ALL SCRAP IRON, RUBBER, ETC. NOW Contime to collect all old plow points and other scrap metal, old discarded rubber tires, rubber boots, rags, old discarded bags, etc. Our government is badly in need of this salvage now. Let's get it all in this time. Give it to the Orange County War Relief Fund which divides the money between the Army and Navy Relief Or- ganizations. A truck will come to each neighborhood shortly for this salvage. Have it ready by May 9th. PLEDGE A PIG OR AN ACRE TO BUY A WAR BOND There is a drive on in every county in the United States to ask people how many War Bonds they will buy. You will be asked by your neighborhood war leaders to pledge the money received from the sale of a pig or pigs or an acre of crops to buy War Bonds. This is a way every farm family can help win the war and at the same time save money in the safest investment in the United States. The Farmers Exchange Live- stock Market is working on a plan to furnish pigs to farmers who will feed them out and sell them. The money, after paying cost of pigs, will go to these farmers in Bonds and Stamps. Ask your leader about details. This is a wonderful opportunity. HAVE A BETTER VICTORY GARDEN The Arny is taking 40-60 percent of all canned goods. Food prices are high. The sale of surplus vegetables will be good. Plant more different kinds of vege- tables than in 1941 and more of each. PLANT SOYBEANS TO BEAT Every family in orehes County will be given a chance to plant the new Improved Edible Soybeans. Your neighborhood war leaders will have a supply of these new and scarce seeds and will give you an ample package provided you will get up your scrap iron, rubber, etc. These beans can be eaten like green peas, field peas, or dried beans, or can be ground into meal. Edible soybeans can take the place of meat in the diet. They are high in protein and vitamins. The government will send ten economists on June 1 and 2 to check on 275 of our farms, both white and colored, chosen at random, to see how well you have carried out this program. We know that you will do your part in our great war effort. Sincerely, (Miss)Woodward Byars, Don S. Matheson, Joe N. Howard, : State Home Demonstration Agent County Agent Assistant County Agent Ruby Crews, M. C. Burt, R. L. Mohler, Negro Home Demonstration Agent Negro County Agent Work Unit Conservationist 44% recalled reading this or one of the other circular letters on the collection of scrap 40% qocat isd reading this or one of the other circular letters on Stamps or nds 61% recalled reading this or one of the other circular letters on Victory Gardens 35% recalled reading this or one of the other ci | Edible Soybeans : rcular letters on Planting = 1) APRIL 30 - MAY 25, 1942 - ORANGE COUNTY Newspapers published stories about neighborhood leaders, edible soybeans, scrap collection, April 30 ~ Mebane Enterprise Names of Neighborhood Leaders and Bonds and Stamps May 8 - Chapel Hill Weekly Special Edition “Pledge a Pig or an Acre” Sample copy sent to all rural femilies We delight to pay our respects to the farmers of_ harvested, threshed, and stored in a dry place. ; If the edible soybeans are har- Miss Sallie Brooks, extension nu- vested as a green vegetable, they should be prepared for the table tritionists of N. C. _State Col- oe New Garden Crop Is Introduced to Farm People Here: Edible Soybeans a By Woodward Byars, Orange County Home Agent i | Because a farmer does not have money coming in regularly every month or every week, as a salaried man or a wage earner does, Orange farmers are being asked to base their War Bonds and War Stamp pledges on fu- ture sales of their products. manager, } ‘the purche j worth of ‘‘ provide on farmer wh county far . borhood le: feed the pi: § A Clean-Up on Serap Metal The farmers of Orange have done a fine job in col- Oran eCynnty acre | Ket ‘2 e Farm People Have Opportunity to Help ne Bonds and Stamps “when * vember. e ° eir crops come 1n. g yrarm = gin Win War by Buying Bonds and Stamps)" 5, ..yone agrees that we must pected to b win this war. Everyone agrees Meeting To Be Held i Don Mz ivei i ived : By W. E. Thompson, If you live ina rural community, et os pereann i needent rant a ab aers/Urges 1arl. Chairman, Orange County War |and have not been visited by one : z : HiSPOre 10da at th h é must interfere with victory. in | those who r Bonds Committee of these voluntary leaders, get . : {in the pig F h th mnt rack weit: “Den Math Everyone agrees that all Ameri- 200 Deore, Dave the same ap 1 into. Comact Wi ©! cans must pitch in and help in A.H. Grah Presiding Bond Canvassers Meet Good Response Several Or j A good response has been met Hillsboro, April hy the men and women who, as meeting of the Orz : bseterWae totes volunteers, have been going will be held in the2round to get pledges to buy War and Stamps. Since the the Orange county committee said yesterday that the sales of Bonds and Stamps in the county from May, 1941, through Janu- arv. 1942 aweragced $47910 a tomorrow afterno,c Bonds to start a progra: the effectiveness rural families quickly” through borhood leaders. Graham, generai Orange County I side at the meetin Arrangements ; have been made k son, county farm members of the A ers Council, made tives of all rural in the county. T hood leaders whc lected by farm peo within “walkjng d farm family in t been asked to att They will be orga paign to stimulate: of edible soybean: dens; (2) the purc ings Bonds and St : lection of scrap < f : ; x 3 materials; and (4 This is a picture of Orange|tion, in the planting of Victor) eee ee. leounty neighborhood leaders as-|Gardens, in Machinery Repair bonds and stampsssembled in the court house in/and in the increased productior are eas aHillsboro to discuss plans for|of milk, eggs, and other foods— ed against resultshelping the country win the war. |that the Government has selectec paigns in three of Tt is because of the excellent |this county as one of four in thi Lee County, Nortwork done by the farmers of|United States in which to maki The program . “ meeting inchides Orange—ir Scrap Iron Collec-|/a study of “How Farmers Cai OF THE 269 FAMILIES INTERVIEWED: 42% take a daily paper 14% take a weekly paper 22% recalled reading news story on edible soybeans 27% recalled reading news story on scrap collection 29% recalled reading extension news story on Bonds and Stamps Py on’s office in Hillsboro. There is nothing compulsory ‘bout this War Bond and Stamp! edge campaign, but unless a ufficient number of citizens gree to set aside a portion of heir earnings for the purpose of every way they can. Buying War Bonds and Stamps is one way in which every one of us can do his or her part. Sign- ing pledges to buy them at a cer- tain time of the month or year will help even more. Leaders of Farm Neighborhoods in County Meet in Hillsboro to Discuss Win-the-War Program Farm Neighborhood Plan Being Put to Test in Several By Don S. Matheson, Orange County Farm Agent A distinct honor was paid to Orange county, and to its rural leaders, when the North Carolina State College Extension Service and the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture selected Orange as one of four counties in the nation for a study of the effectiveness of the neighborhood leader plan to reach ail farm families quickly with emergency war programs.. Around 300 neighborhood leaders, of both sigpe POR: Projects in County or who agrees to give salvage material now, the neighborhood leaders are giving a package of edible soybean seed. They are also directing farm people to stores where edible soybean seed have been placed for general dis- tribution. Every family is being asked to pledge a pig or an acre, the pro- ceeds from which will be used to purchase War Bonds and Stamps. To farmers, and to 4-H Club members, who are unable to jfinance the purchase of “Bond - 12 - APRIL 29 - MAY 9, 1942 ~ ORANGE COUNTY Neighborhood leaders secured pledges in Bond and Stamp campaign. Pledges were taken for “Buy a Bond Pig," or “Buy a Bond Acres." “Buy a Bond Pigs" were secured through Farmers Mutual Exchange Livestock Market. OF THE 269 FAMILIES, 93% HAD HEARD ABOUT BONDS AND STAMPS: 78% through the neighborhood leadership systen. The response to the Bond and Stamp program: Orange County rural families had pledged to buy $50,000 worth of Bonds and Stamps in 1942. 200 families pledged to raise a "Buy a a pond Tie Silas Jones, lame Negro leader, used horse and OF THE 269 FAMILIES SURVEYED JUNE 1 AND 2 OF THE 269 FAMILIES SURVEYED JUNE 1 AND 2 buggy to visit his neighbors 58% of the white families had bought or pledged to buy Bonds and Stamps during the campaign. 30% of the Negro families had bought or pledged to buy Bonds and Stamps during the campaign. APRIL 29 - MAY 9, 1942 —- ORANGE COUNTY Neighborhood leaders visited families asking them to collect scrap metal and rubber. They left a half pound of edible soybeans with each family that agreed to collect their scrap. They collected some scrap and took it to the dealers themselves. They listed collection points at which WPA trucks could pick up additional scrap. OF THE 269 FAMILIES INTERVIEWED JUNE 1 AND 2 THE SCRAP COLLECTION MESSAGE HAD REACHED 934: 81% through the neighborhood leadership system (personal contacts and leader training meetings). 12% who had not received the message through the neighborhood leadership system had received it from other sources. THE RESPONSE OF THE 269 FAMILIES WAS; 766 collected scrap and turned it in (or bad it ready to be collected). 16% had turned in scrap previously, or looked for it and found none. Neighborhood leader loads scrap metal and rubber into his "pick-up" — M 9 Families were personally contacted by Neighborhood Leaders who urged them to plant edible soybeans, and left one-page leaflet COVERAGE Of the 269 families inter- viewed June ] and 2, the soybean program had reached 96%. 90% through the neighbor- hood leadership system (personal contacts and training meetings.) 28% recalled having read the one-page leaflet 6% who had not received the message from the neighborhood system had received it from other sources Leader tells his neighbor the advantage of edible soybeans cau ia, N.C. STATE COLLEGE OF AGRI. COOP. EXTENS. WORK IN Mary E. Thomas & ENGINEERING & U.S. DEPT. AGRI. AND HOME ECONOMICS Extension OF AGRI. COOPERATING STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA WNutritionist PLANT SOYBEANS iN THE GARDEN FOR TABLE USE Eat them green and dry some for winter use Because 1. They are high in food value a. They are one and one-half times richer in proteinge than any other beans b. They are rich in fat-aad low in starch c. They are good sources of calcium, phosphorous and iroa d. They contain excellent proportions of vitamins A,B,&G 2. They are the best vegetable substitute for meat 3. They may be used green or dried in the same ways as other beans and peas 4, They supply a green food at a season when drought and summer heat prevent the growth of other green vegetables in the garden Planting and Harvesting Choose the edible varieties for planting for table use. Rokusun, Easy Cook, and Seminole are some varieties recommended. They con- tain less fat and have better flavor than the varieties planted for livestock. Plant from May 1 to June 15 in rows about 3 feet apart and 2 to 3 inches apart in the row. fFertilize and cultivate as any other bush bean. Harvest for green beans when pod is filled. In the fall the dry beans should be harvested, threshed, and stored in a dry place. Preparation of Soybeans for the Table Green Soybeans - When beans are mature, in the pod, but still ‘green and tender, is the time for eating them green. In the green stage the beans are hard to whell. Drop pods in boiling water for 3 to 5 minutes. Then they sheli easily. Cook the same as butter beans, in boiling water, either with fat meat or without, then add butter and salt. Soybeans canned in the green stage are excellent. Dry Soybeans - The dry soybeans are prepared the same as any other dry beans. Soak over night, drain, add fresh water and simmer for 2 to 3 hours or until well done. bokeh through Furtherance of Acts of Congress May & and June 30, 1914. I, 0. Schaub, Director RESPONSE ne nse the 269 lies t the program was: 78% had planted edible soybeans 8% had the seed and pianned to plant it the first week in June - 14 - LEE COUNTY AURU ede tude Agents agreed to presen’ plan for demonstration of neighborhood eadership system to Agricultural Workers' Council ARs ie. Plan to promote whole wheat and enriched bread, and Bond and Stamp pledge campaigns was approved at meeting of Agricultural Workers' Council APRIL 22. Three millers in county were asked to enrich their flour elaly 28 ia ia 6. Neighborhood leaders were trained at 6 community and 3 neighborhood training meetings Date Place Time eaders attending fi ts2s Sanford 3:30 p. m. 2 ADELIMI: AiRPOAGway ME bs TOLD a mmeeeTIS April 29 Greenwood 8:30 p. m. 30 April 30 Colon 1k: 00° p.m. 4 April 30 Deep River 3:30 p. m. 8 April 30 Jonesboro 8:30 p. mn. 9 May 4- NW. * Pocket 28: 30) ps ne 8 May 3) >. Pocket 8:30 p. m. 6 May G*° Poplar Sp. 8:30 p.om: 7 Total attendance....89 MAY 1 to 8. Neighborhood leaders not attending meetings were visited personally wax bs Sess OU os - Dr. R. R. Williams spoke on enriched bread at St. Clair chool. Total attendance 75, ie : 597 home demonstration club an cee STSen ESTE leaders ; 12 members of Agricultural Workers‘ Counci Dr. Williams spoke to kiwanis Club at 6:00 p. m. Dr. G. H. Satterfield. introduced Dr. Williams Attendance —- 45, ae eate prominent grocers, doctors, millers, and editor of county paper. MAY 1 to 5. Bread posters put in grocery stores MAY 6. Fol low-up letter to Be ABaEOL LOC leaders, The job to be done was carefully outlined MAY 8. Second follow-up letter to neighborhood leaders ] 16. Members of Agricultural Workers' Council visited chairman of neighborhood leaders in each neighborhood to "check up." Chairman in turn visited other leaders in neighborhood. MEMBERSHIP OF AGRICULTURE WORKERS COUNCIL JS Pc ger aes sieccs Extension Service, Chairman Ida O. Roberts ........ Farm Security Administration, Secretary Miss Cornelia Simpson . Extension Service Vernon Stevens ........ Farm Security Administration G. R. Wheeler ......... County Superintendent of Schools Oe B. Walker (eciscs:ccicec Federal Land Bank C.oF. Howland ici. ses cles Soil Conservation Service Frank Perlmutter ...... Soil Conservation Service Andy Hardesty ......... $0il Conservation Service Lis Wo Meadorsscss euc+ee Vocational Agricultural Teacher Elizabeth Phillips .... Home Economics Teacher Sonn J. Wolfen se. cc scene Vocational Agricultural Teacher Jean Craven ........+0. Home Economics Teacher Re A Ourrl Oia ccaiecc Vocational Agricultural Teacher Mary Della Davis ...... Home Economics Teacher Carri @Cox mice cea cine cic Home Economics Teacher Js) Bn Brownages vices -- Negro Vocational Agricultural Teacher Priscella Jordan ....... Negro Home Economics Teacher Mrs Ro Li.) Ross) -..cco ee Chairman, Home Demonstration Club Council On. D-cPalmer nace Production Credit Association 2M Perry Go eee oan: Agricultural Adjustment Administration J. G. Formy Duval - Agricultural Adjustment Administration E. Q. Matthews -........ Agricultural Adjustment Administration ee mt Se MAY 4, 1942 = LEE COUNTY Circular letter to all farm families. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN NORTH CAROLINA STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS EXTENSION SERVICE AGRICULTURE AND ENGINEERING UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA County Agent Work AGRICULTURE COOPERATING Sanford, WN. C. May 4, 1942 Dear Farm Family: The Federal Government has selected Lee County as one of the five counties in the entire United States to test the effectiveness of reaching all rural families “efficiently and quickly" through the use of our Neigh- borhood Leader Organization. A real honor has been conferred upon Lee County and you, in the selection for this test. The program we are asking every farm family to take part in is: That we - 1. Buy United States Defense Stamps and Bonds and help win the war. 2. Use whole wheat bread and cereal to protect the Follow-up card to health of your family. BREAD is the Staff of Life but the Staff is STRONGER when made of Whole Wheat. farm families. 3. Buy only Enriched Flour and Enriched Bread. Look COOPERATIVE EXTENSION. WORK IN AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS. ; U. ‘8. ‘Department of Agriculture and State Land-Grant Colleges Cooperating ers can give you the details. Please see then. “ur pincer Movement Sincerely yours to Use on the Axis. Sy don Cornelia Simpson, Home Demonstration Agent \& | 4 eon NS i / ~ County Farm Agent. 8 px. Use enGTe. Wheat & é neds Ble. Flour & Bread oe OY leit bheatti oe poe Agent Cornelia Simpgon: Boma Act. e e 45% recalled reading a circular letter about whole wheat or enriched bread and flour 47% recalled reading a circular letter on Bonds and Stamps 24 TO 27 942 — LEE Newspapers published stories about Bread and Bond campaign Local milling company runs 6-column advertisement None of their flour was enriched before May 1 500 barrels were enriched between May 13 and June 3 in response to unprecidented demand OW — oer eer eae Sanford Mills Company’s = What Is Enri\ ‘4 Flour be Enriched‘ Don’t be confused about flour ems t health authorities that, well fed as the Amer: of the millions of words uttered al me of them a their full requirement of vita Cg ae we are enriching our flour first because flou undress of published ‘ate ee rrier” for these nutrients—because the whea times it has come up for discussion: a rade contains them and we have taken steps i stripped to its main purpose enrich ing our flour to see that it retains the full amoun aa a a 2 2 a nd because flour is cheap; and third becaus Putting back into flour certain vit at is seer daily ‘comprising 207i oa : American diet. ‘Ihus enriched flour meets a double need. It sug plies important nutrients to the body-and at the same time help to offset vitamin-mineral deficiencies elsewhere in the diet, in the wheat from which the flour is milled and + quently deficient in the average diet. 39% take a daily newspaper 49% take the Tri-Weekly Sanford Herald or a weekly newspaper 43% recalled reading news stories about whole wheat and enriched bread 49% recalled reading news stories about Bonds and Stamps CI Po Ftd MAY 10, 1942 -Card was sent ‘to all farm families urg- ing them to listen to this broadcast. l = Wines MAY 14, 1942 — LEE COUNTY Excerpts From Radio Program on Bread and Bonds WPTF - Raleigh, North Carolina Thursday, May 14, at 1:15 P.M. James Reid, WPTF Announcer: News flash to the people of Lee County: .... Mr. Kiser will you : tell us something about Lee County, and what the people are do- ing to help America win the war? J, P. Kiser, County Agricultural Agent: There is a cazspaign on now in Lee County to acquaint the 1,700 farm families with the two big needs in America today. The first great need is "Fighting‘Food" and the second is money from the sale | of Bonds and Stamps to supply our soldiers and sailors with all of the supplies they need to win this war. We know from past experiences that Lee County will respond in a fine way. ... We are glad to have Mr. T. M. Perry, County Chairman of the Neighborhood Leader Organization from Lee County with us. Will you tell us how the drive for Better Bread and Pledge to buy Bonds and Stamps is going over, Mr. Perry? f. M. _Perry, also County Chairman of 4.A.A. and U.S.D.A. War Board: Yes, we contacted the 1,700 farm families in Lee County last week, asking them to pledge to buy United States War Stamps and Bonds, and to use Enriched or Whole Wheat Bread and Flour to insure better health for their families. .... I would like to tell you how in- terested the ladies are too. We have the vice-president of the County Neighborhood Leader Organization with us today too, Mre. BR. L, Ross of the Colon Community. Reid: Mrs. Ross, we are glad to have you here today. Do you, as a leader, feel that you have benefitted personally from giving your time for the organization? Mre. R. L. Ross, also President of County Home Demonstration Club Council: Why yes, it only takes a short time to contact your neighbors, and I think we as leaders are repaid for the time and energy used, for we as citizens want not only to have the good things of life for ourselves, but we want them for those around us tog, Mr. Eiser, I noticed a few minutes ago that you said America needed "Fighting Food." Why do you say whole wheat and enriched bread come in that class? Mass Mary B. Thomas, Extension MWatritionist, from State College, is with us today, and I would like for Miss Thomas to answer that question. Miss Thomas: for years bread has deen called the steff of life, and rightly so, as long as ‘ the grain was ground and all of it used in cereal and bread, because it is high in food value. It contains starch for energy, protein for building muscles, minerals and vitamins for health and strength. In recent years, however, with modern milling pro- cesses, much valuable protein, minerals, and vitamins are removed from the flour and the result is refined white flour having very little food value left except the starch. Mrs. Ross: But Miss Thomas, many of the people in my neighborhood say they don't like dark bread, and furthermore they can't get their families to eat it. What can they do? Mise Thomas: That's the way many people feel about the dark bread, and to meet this situa- tion scientists, millers and bakers have gotten together and with the approval of the Food and Drug Administration are adding some of the nutrients that have been lost in the milling. Reid: How does this enrichment add to the cost? Miss Thomas: I am told that the expense to the miller and baker amounts to about 30 centa per barrel. Mrs. Ross: Is there any way I can make sure I am getting this bread or flour at the store? Miss Thomas: Yes, read labels. It is only when a flour or bread is lebeled "enriched" - usually in big red letters, that you can be sure it contains thiamin, niacin, and iron set by the standard of the Food and Drug Administration. We will not only insure cur health in Lee County by using Whole Wheat and Enriched Bread and Flour, but we will invest in Stamps and Bonds so that our soldiere and sailors will have all the food, tanks, planes, guns, amunition and ships they need to win the war. ra viewe 77% had radios. 53% recalled having heard the extension radio program on Bonds and Bread. wt Sa MAY 5 to 29, 1942 — LEE COUNTY Home demonstration club ‘meetings devoted to whole wheat and en- riched bread program Demonstrated: Use of hand mill in grinding cereal and flour | Making of whole wheat cookies Explained: Oeg value in a grain of wheat see chart Replacement of food value by enrich- ng white flour Distributed: Whole Wheat for the Whole Family 20 Questions on Enriched Bread and flour MARCH, 1942 EXTENSION: MISCELLANEOUS PAMPHLET NO. 62 Whole Wheat for the Who'- ee: \\ i Mary E. Tuomas, Extension N: | } SALLIE Brooks, Asst. Extension jam By Wheat is one of the cheapest, yet most w It can be grown on North Carolina farms and as breakfast cereal and as fiour for bread wit at the local mill. Small mills for home usg¢ electric motor, can be purchased for a nomi Whole wheat products retain all the foo They are an excellent source of energy, mn especially valuable as a source of vitamin good appetite, good digestion, and steady calcium, phosphorus, riboflavin and ni nutrition. Clean wheat, free of dust and foreign m wheat products. To avoid contamination be removed from the bin early in the sez it should be treated to destroy insect pes containers. ~~ To Clean Wheat—Place wheat in a lg cover and stir. Most of the chaff and otlgg Pour this water off. Repeat the washing the grains, removing undesirable ones. IZ fast cereal or ground for flour, spread gr or pans, and dry in the sun, in a warm with the door left open. Wheat must b Another method, where suitable equipme¥. through an ordinary fanning mill or sv sieve. BREAKFAST C To Cook Whole Wheat—For each cup o | Fae: cold water. Soak over night. In the morning, \ spoon of salt for each cup of wheat. Boil \Y et tender and no uncooked starchy flavor is pz boiling water to complete the cooking. Slow ¢ the best product. One cup of uncooked whea ¥ cooked wheat. The Pressure Cooker will shorten By cups of water and 1 teaspoon of salt for each cup @ DISTRIBUTED IN FURTHERANCE OF THE ACTS OF CONGRESS OF MAY 8 AND J!" 30, 1914 Attendance at 14 meetings of home demonstration clubs - 213 2 j Vv : Miss Simpson used posters and demon- strated hand mill at meetings of home demonstration clubs The white center of the wheat berry composed ENDOSPERM § mainly of...........--+- starch and proteins..... excellent source of energy The husk and brown layers just bee © iy = eed ; ae APON Lantnists builds red corpuscles phosphorus. . helps build bones and nerve tissue protein...... builds and repairs muscle tissue vitamin Bj... (see below { The yellow plant germ or embryo, the part which sprouts when the wheat berry is planted. One of. the Fieeene atural sources 3 see's Oe Prem C850 vitamin B,...essential for: normal appetite, GERM growth and development, metab- : olism of every living cell, metabo- lism of car bohiydratess normal tonicity of the gastro-intestinal tract, preventing disturbances of the nervous system which, in acute deficiencies, result in beriberi. Per Cont Dietary Essentials Lost in Milled White Flour As Compared With Whole Wheat* CROSS SECTION OF GRAIN OF WHEAT RS % RETAINED % LOST CALories PROTEIN FAY 3 Al NV M2 is fz ea ga fo 6 §O Bo Bo 383 0% FIBER 59.4% 10ST CALCIUM ry. oe oe Baers PHOSPHORUS IRON COPPER | e Bo Bo Be RBA BR Be $03 03.02 EMBRYO 5 § z a | = 3 VITAMIN B, 25% had attended meeting where whole wheat and enriched bread were emphasized (training meetings for neighborhood leaders and home demonstration club meetings) LEE COUNTY t 0, 1942 Neighborhood leaders vis- ited their families and explained importance of eating whole wheat or enriched bread They left leaflet, "20 Questions" t 72 Le n families interviewed, the "Bread Message" reached 81%: 58% were personally con- tacted through neighbor- hood leadership system 23% not personally con- tacted received the mes- sage in other ways 41% recalled receiving "20 Questions" or some Other "Bread" bulletin 20% had used whole wheat or enriched bread Neighborhood leader makes a home visit to urge use of enriched bread and flour before May 29 families did not buy wheat bread or flour in n¢ emaining isUS fami tie: n Lee Count 45% bought whole wheat or enriched bread or flour May for the first time during May ORANGE COUNTY The whole wheat and enriched bread program was used during May in all home demonstration clubs Of the 269 families interviewed: 17% had used whole wheat or enriched flour before May 38 families did not buy wheat bread or flour in May Of the remaining 183 families: - 9% bought whole wheat or enriched bread or flour for the first time during May - 920 - MAY 1 - 10. 1942 - LEE COUNTY Neighborhood leaders canvassed rural families in county Bond and Stamp campaign ENLIST YOUR CURRENT SAVINGS TO HELP WIN THIS WAR A Schedule for the Systematie Purehase of United States Savings Bonds Out of Carrent Earnings Neighborhood leader gets pledge when farmer stops at end of row UNITED PLEDGE FOR REGULAR INVESTMENT IN \_ STATES DEFENSE SAVINGS BONDS A2- 522076 SAVINGS .ot an order form. 2B echieacre Mtl abc wpe cinoma Dy if the methods listed bel lage ete itional Defenze, I et that, (CONFIDENTIAL) of $ .___ in Defense Savings Bonds (or Stamps) each 7] week. ids: i month. — tee, bank, or other sales agency. ae Treasurer of the United States, Washington, D. C. pll Savings Plan (or other similar arrangement for regular purchesing) ta serge ewl beme. pat ee indicate the wre at x Bame) (Rmployce’s business address) plan when ny Fm ar lar purchase plan installed by the following organization: a ne check (Name of crganisatica) (Adderes) I will faithfully fulfill this pledge for the duration of the Wer or so long as I am financially able to do so. Leaflet was left with = - neighbors aa A ree ; | ; Neighborhood lead U.S.SAVINGS BONDS and STAMPS “ “wore official badge. Window Stickers were left with te ae who pledged Of the 172 families interviewed, the Bond and Stamp message reached 95: 7 through the pet eher mod. leadership : ie The response on June 66% of the families haa bought or had pledged to buy bonds and stamps Neighborhood leaders secured pledges totalling $31,100 fromthe rural families of Lee courty MAY 22, 1942 — LEE COUNTY iD pate Program for Controlling the Cost of Living Presented to Agricultural Workers! Council and War Board approved the Cc he county ouncil members divided plan - Ten members agree to train the leaders by visiting them during week of May 25 LEAFLET GIVEN TO NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS Meeting the Inflation Threat Statement by Leon Henderson, Administrator, Office of Price Administration, Kraft Music Hall Program, Station WRC, Red Network, National Broadcasting Co., Washington, D. C., Thursday, April 23, 1942. I need to talk to you about inflation— which, to you, is just a “Ten Dollar Word” meaning the high cost of living. Runaway inflation is a terrorizing thing. Many of you remember the high prices of the last war. Often in conferences, when I’m pleading for control of prices, I get unex- pected help from someone who was ruined by the last World War inflation and deflation which follewed and paralyzed this nation. Council Plans Stab Purchasing Power, Price Ceilings On Con-} More Money than Goods G. R. Wheeler, county sup) sumer Goods and Sur- [| tendent of schools, discussed plus Income Discussed || situation which resulted fol ing the last war when purchd . J. Paul Kiser, Lee county farm | had more money with whicj agent, said yesterday in a meet-|! buy goods than there were gt ing of the county agricultural] to be bought, the situation red workers council that approxi-| ing in inflation followed by a mately $23,329.90 per annum for] pression. The estimated nati( the duration was pledged by Lee| income for 1942-43 is about county farmers in the recent war|.billion dollars, Wheeler s§ savings bond and stamp drive.|’ whereas, the estimated goods Last November, he said, a can-} services available aggregates ¢ vass was made by paid workers|'about 65 billion dollars’ The ¢ who received pledges for about way to eliminate this surplus $300 or $400. “These two proce-| billion dollars and to bring ak dures,” he said, “demonstrate the]-a stabilized balance, he said effectiveness of the community leader plans where the farmers! are contacted by persons they | | for everyone to save at leas|{ cents of every dollar in orde: build un a reserve so ag to } AGRICULTURAL WORKERS! COUNCIL PLANS COST OF LIVING PROGRAM J.P. KISER, CHAIRMAN, PRESIDING A. B. C. THE PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR TRAINING THE NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS IN THE SIX LEE COUNTY COMMUNITIES WERE: GREENWOOD: L. F. Meador, Teacher of Vocational Agriculture Elizabeth Phillips, Teacher of Home Economics JONESBORO: John J. Wolfe, Teacher of Vocational Agriculture POCKET; O. D. Palmer, Production Credit Association SANFORD:. J. P. Kiser, County Agricultural Agent Cornelia Simpson, Home Demonstration Agent BROADWAY: R. A. Currie, Teacher of Vocational Agriculture Mary Davis, Teacher of Home Economics ’ DEEP RIVER: Andy Hardesty, Soil Conservation Service Carrie Cox, Teacher of Home Economics WHAT, WHY, AND HOW WAS EXPLAINED TO NEIGHBORHOOD LEADERS What_is the National Program to Control the Cot _of Living? It is rigid government control for the war's duration over retail and wholesale prices and rents to halt swiftly rising prices and to stabilize the cost of living. It sets the highest prices charged by individual stores in March, 1942, as an absolute ceiling over virtually everything that Americans eat, wear, and use. ‘The only exceptions are a limited list of foods. Why General Maximum Price Regulations Are Necessary 1. To prevent any further increase in the general price levels. 2. To stabilize and to prevent further increases in the cost of living of American people. 3. To prevent wages and salaries from being impaired. 4. To assure stable costs for producers! goods. 5. To enable our Government to plan its war program without the confusion and difficulties caused by constantly increasing prices and costs for the vital machines and products needed to fight the war. 6. To give all the people, rich and poor alike, an equal chance to obtain their share of scarce goods at a fair price. 7. To enable our Government to pay back savings and earnings loaned to it to finance the war effort with currency that has dollar for dollar purchasing power with that now saved. How Neighborhood Leaders Can Help in Carrying Out the Cost of Living Program 1. By obtaining a list of farm families in their neighborhood. 2. By acquainting themselves thoroughly with the background, plan of operation, and objectives of the program. 3. By contacting personally or in group meetings all families on their list and a. Informing them of the need for and objectives of control- ling the "Cost of Living Program." bd. Discussing information materials prepared for farmer and ving copy to family. Co “EN fe ppin ibe cas and use of the check sheet which is a part of the material for farmers and encouraging the family to use it. 4. By keeping neighbors informed on latest developments insofar as possible. 5. By reporting their accomplishments as requested by county agents or other agricultural workers. Although this program will likely continue throughout the duration, every farm fam ily in North Carolina should be contacted by June 6, anda brief progress report made at that time. : *DO SOMETHING EVERY DAY TO HELP WIN THE WAR." ai) ee MAY 25 TO JUNE 3, 1942 — LEE COUNTY Neighborhood leaders visited their families and discussed with them the progiam for controlling cost of living. The front side of the one-page flyer they left explains "Why" and "What". DO YOU WANT TO WIN THE WAR? @ YOUR JOB In the National Program for Controlling the Cost of Living BACKGROUND: As a result of Pearl Harbor, we are living in a changed world. FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT, April 27, 1942: “,. There is one front and one battle where everyone in the United States—every man, woman, and child—is in action and will be privileged to remain in action throughout this war. That front is right here at home. The price of civilization must be paid in hard work and sorrow and blood. The price is not too high. If you doubt it, ask those millions under the tyranny of Hitlerism.” ; SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE WICKARD, April 28, 1942: “. ,. Every farmer who farmed during and after the last war remembers the disastrous results which followed the upward spiraling of prices during the war. Farmers will be particularly pleased to know that retail and wholesale prices are to be controlled before further advances occur in the cost of items which they must purchase for their homes and their farms.” THE NATIONAL PLAN: Prices have risen so rapidly that our Government has been forced to act to halt the upward price spiral. On April 27, the President announced his 7-point plan for stabilizing the cost of living and winning the war. The plan is as follows: . Tax heavily to keep excess profits at a reasonable rate. . Place price ceilings on goods and rents. . Stabilize wages and salaries. . Stabilize prices of farm products. . Encourage saving through increased purchases or War Bonds and stamps. . Ration all essential commodities that are scarce. . Discourage installment buying; encourage payment of all debts. WHAT THIS 7-POINT PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO DO: Prevent a few from getting rich at the expense of many. Permit all to share alike in goods. : Help prevent a serious depression after the war such as that which paralyzed America following World War I. i , Maintain insofar as possible desirable living conditions to which our soldiers can return after winning the fight for America’s freedom. Cause much of the war debt to be paid as we go. Help control the cost of living. HOW INFLATION AFFECTS FARMERS: Inflation makes farmers think they, have more buying power than they really have. Inflation tends to get farmers into debt for things they cannot pay for quickly. Inflation gets farmers into the habit of living above their income. Inflation increases taxes and public debt. Inflation reduces tendencies to save; it discourages thrift. Inflation establishes prices higher than normal causing farmers to adjust their spending to a level which they cannot maintain. Inflation means higher prices which make it hard for low income-families to buy what they need. Inflation makes dollars cheaper. They will not buy as much. Therefore,-we have to borrow, and mortgage the future for a much longer time. AIA oP WON eS 9 eached 85% 70% had been personally contacted through the neighborhood leadership system 16% who had not been personally contacted had received the message in other ways 44% recalled having read the flyer. “ ey ee MAY 25 TO JUNE 3, 1942 — LEE COUNTY Neighborhood leaders ask each family to use the "check list" "Our Plan for Changing Our Family Spending" in discussing as a family "How Can We Help to Keep Down the Cost of Living?" What Farm Families Can Do To Help Control the Cost of Living and Help Win the War: The following is a guide for family use only to help organize your war effort and is not to be collected by anyone. Each family should council together on this plan to decide what each mem- ber will do. This is your plan; keep it and follow it. OUR PLAN FOR CHANGING OUR FAMILY SPENDING Check here - We will cooperate with the national price control plan . We will raise more of our own food and feed and buy less . We plan to buy less for our own use and take care of what we have . We will strive to maintain and improve our soil fertility . We will pay cash as far as possible instead of using the installment plan........ rnn#ir oOo ND & .. We will buy less of those things which are not important to maintaining our health such) asisott drinks, Candies: €t@.Ji).), es cu kioceh cdc eee hee din veh e oe) 7. We will repair farm and home equipment; remodel our clothing; and buy fewer thingsetnateare: NoLressen tial wawacs vik ocala wei, phe eee fides siete tesla a he te 8. We will drive our car only when absolutely necessary. This will save gas, rubber, MUCLOUREISERPENSCS Pn ere yas 5 Walel LYM en Ver lited he mule, Peace Wii sical (es. a iShelebal 9. We will save for the Government, scrap metals, rubber, and other scarce and CBNEN CALE IIACERIAISHE irc) Saree Were e ey site idee i cn TEE ee eS om. 10. We will encourage neighborhood recreation such as baseball, plays, etc., as well as increased church, school, and other neighborhood activities to help maintain. CUO) ORS) suid ee rah ao OTE AAEM Na Gh 0 Beh cole Pe eee eT tr aed AC OA teeta WE PLAN TO HELP PAY FOR THE WAR: 11. We will invest in war bonds and stamps............... 0... ccc ee eevee ee eaee 12. We will pay our income.and property taxes promptly ........................ 13. We will reduce our debts as much as possible.................... 20.00.0005. WE PLAN TO PRODUCE MORE OF THE NEEDED FARM PRODUCTS 14. We will do our part in helping to produce the following needed farm products: vegetable oils 7,00 4s CMa C28... 5. ;meats..,...; fiber crops...... ; and such other products as may be needed to win the war....... We must produce more of our family food requirements because we realize that approximately one-half of certain food commodities such as meat and-lard from commercial packers as well as canned goods are re- quired now by the armed forces. These requirements will increase as the war progresses. North. Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina and U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating. N. C. Agricultural Extension Service, L O. Schaub, Director, State College Station, Raleigh. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 80, 1914. EXTENSION WAR SERIES BULLETIN NO. 4 On June 3 40% of the 172 families had already discussed the question "How Can We Help to Keep Down the Cost of Living?" OW es OBSERVATIONS 1. The neighborhood leadership system is reaching many families who had not previously responded to educational programs. 2. If neighborhood leaders do not have lists of the families that they should contact, or if these lists are incomplete, coverage will be incomplete. 3. Families on a neighborhood leader's list should be within walking distance of the leader's home. 4. A man neighborhood leeder and a woman neighborhood leader should be paired, each having the same list. Programs such as farm machinery can be handled best by men; and those such as whole wheat or enriched bread can be handled best by women. ; 5. Negro families respond best to a Negro neighborhood leader. 6. Volunteer leaders elected by their neighbors are better known and better received than those selected by other methods. 7. The message that a neighborhood leader gives to a family depends directly on the training he has received. Instruc- tions and directions given to neighborhood leaders should be simple and specific. 8. Follow-up of neighborhood leaders should be definitely planned and systematically executed. 9. If leaders carry more than one or two programs at a time, the families frequently do not get all the messages clear. 10, Families expect their leader to explain why a program is important as well as. how the program should be carried out. 11. Follow-up contacts by neighborhood leaders are essential to secure a high percentage of response. 12. Many circular letters, leaflets, bulletins, and news stories are beyond the reading ability of a considerable portion of the farm people. Reading matter should be simplified. It should be used to support personal contacts. 13. Programs need to be followed through so that families participating will have a feeling of satisfaction. Cooperation of grocers and millers must be secured so that the housewife asking for enriched bread can get it from her grocer. ; Scrap should be removed and used. Markets should be available for the increased food that farmers produce. 14. Everyone wants to do his part in helping to win the war. Neighborhood leaders give freely of their time and are proud of the responsibilities entrusted to them. 15. An agriculture] workers' council can be very helpful in planning wartime campaigns and in training and following up neighborhood leaders. 16. Careful consideration of its importance should be given before a new job is assigned. Careful preparation of plans and materials must precede the training of neighborhood leaders. It will be easy to overwork willing leaders with too meny jobs or with poorly planned jobs. SUMMARY Percent fC Program varough We SERS These ee Percentage of Response From Leadership System Potential Respondees Farm Machinery 60% To u Victory Garden : 73 87 Bond and Stamp | 77 56 Salvage (Orange) 81 91 2 Edible Soybeans (Orange) (5 weeks) 90 86 Enriched Bread (Lee) (5 weeks) 5g 45 i Cost of Living (Lee) (1 week) 70 4O *Includes all methods ~ neighborhood leaders, circular letters, pamphlets, news stories, radio, etc. CONCLUSIONS 1. Wartime messages can be carried quickly to practically every family by the neighborhood leadership system. (a) 93 percent had been contacted personally through the system on one or more of the seven programs. (vb) 96 percent coverage had been achieved on edible soybean program in five weeks. (c) 85 percent coverage had been achieved on cost of living program in one week. 2. & high percentage of the families will respond: (a) if families are contacted personally by neighborhood leaders, (ov) if ert saeky contacts are supplemented by other methode; meetings, circular letters, news stories, leaflets, r ©, etc., : (c) if the desired response can be directly associated with sound agricultural and rural life objectives, (a4) 4f the desired response is specific and within the ability of the family, (e) if the neighborhood leader ig successful in imparting to the family a clear understanding of what the pro- gram is, why it is important, how it affects individuals, and the specific action expected. L/ Excludes those with no farm machinery and those who repaired their machinery in the fall. &; &xcludes those who had turned in their scrap metal and rubber before January, 1942. £/ 3/ Excludes those who were using whole wheat or enriched bread before May 1, 1942, and those who did not buy any kind of wheat bread or flour in May. PNG kes THESE OBSERVATIONS WERE MADE BY THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE WHO COMPOSED THE SURVEY PARTY: FROM THE EXTENSION SERVICE, STATE COLLEGE STATION, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, -- W. J. BARKER, FORESTRY SPECIALIST SALLIE BROOKS AND MARY B. THOMAS, NUTRITION SPECIALISTS RUTH CURRENT, STATE HOME DEMONSTRATION AGENT JOHN FOX, ASSISTANT EXTENSION EDITOR JOHN HARRIS, LANDSCAPE SPECIALIST J. P. LEAGANS, PLANNING SPECIALIST, AND F. S. SLOAN, STATE PROGRAM LEADER RUBY SCHOLZ, EXTENSION ECONOMIST IN FOOD MRS. ESTHER WILLIS AND L. B. ALTMAN, DISTRICT AGENTS FROM THE NEGRO EXTENSION SERVICE, GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA, -- MRS. DAZELLA LOWE, LEADER NEGRO HOME DEMONSTRATION WORK WILHELMINA LAWS, NEGRO SPECIALIST J. MW. JEFFRIES, NEGRO DISTRICT AGENT R. BE. JONES, NEGRO 4-H CLUB SPECIALIST FROM NORTH CAROLINA STATE COLLEGE, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA, -- DR. SANFORD WINSTON, PROFESSOR OF SOCIOLOGY FROM THE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, -- ROBERT T. MELVIN, NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTATIVE WALLER WYNNE, JR., ASSOCIATE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST, DIVISION OF FARM POPULATION AND RURAL WELFARE, WASHINGTON, D. C. FROM THE EXTENSION SERVICE, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C., -- CLARA BAILEY, DIVISION OF EXTENSION INFORMATION Z. H. SHINN AND BARNARD JOY, SENIOR AGRICULTURISTS, DIVISION OF FIELD STUDIES AWD TRAINING FROM THE FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, WASHINGTON, D. C.,-- MABEL STIMSON ASSOCIATE NUTRITIONIST, OFFICE OF HEALTH AND WELFARE SERVICE : » ane cath phe alae ila pn paed FOR USE ONLY IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION Hi ll tm | Print Stop 18527 is"