3, oes rane eee aE? THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AVCHAPREEILEE ENDOWED BY THE DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES GR120 stale UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHA , * I |i 001077095 This book is due at the WALTER R. DAVIS LIBRARY on the last date stamped under ‘‘Date Due.” If not on hold it may be renewed by bringing it to * ect ced SALE DATE DUE DATE RET. > { . 4 > i, =} = P bi = x . = See SSE Ee Gee iss Se ee SE EE Ee: EE Gees ee Se a ee asta —_ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2023 with funding from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill https://archive.org/details/mamasblacknursesOOmiln MAMMA’S — _ BLACK NURSE STORIES - ‘fA land In which it seeméd always afternoon. A land of streams! some like a downward smoke, Slow-dropping veils of thinnest lawn, did go ; And some thro’ wavering lights and shadows broke, Rolling a slumb’rous sheet of foam below. Thro’ mountain clefts the dale Was seen far inland, and the yellow down Border’d with palm, and many a winding vale And meadow, set with slender galingale : A land where all things always seem’d the same!” —TeEnnyson, ‘The Lotos-EHaters. Me ‘NNa@d V NO—,,dSQOH LVAUD,, AHL MAMMA’S BLACK NURSE STORIES WEST INDIAN FOLK-LORE BY MARY PAMELA MILNE-FOME WITH SIX FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCXC TO MY FATHER ligne ly lt Si De OE DT, Ls OF FORT GEORGE, JAMAICA. A DAUGHTER’S REMEMBRANCE OF DAYS IN JAMAICA. PREFATORY NOTE. THE following pages represent pretty well what is stated on the title-page; but I cannot launch my little book without expressing my grateful acknowledgment to those West India friends who have helped me in what has been a most pleasant task; and can only trust that what has thus been collected may be appreciated, not only by those who are at home in the West Indies and their Folk-lore, but by others at home in the viii PREFATORY NOTE. “old country” who are strangers to the traditions of the Spanish Main. I also offer my best thanks to Sir George Webbe Dasent, D.C.L., and to his publisher, Mr David Douglas of Edinburgh, for their kind permission to incorporate in this volume certain Anansi Tales which appeared in the Appendix to ‘Popular Tales from the Norse,’ some thirty years ago. M, P. M.-H: Paxton Hovusz, BERWICKSHIRE, April 1890. CONTENTS. WHENCE THEY CAME, GLOSSARY OF WORDS, PAR PAR ANANSI AND ALLIGATOR, . ; : BROTHER DEATH, . THE LADY AND THE BULL, : THE SNAKE AND THE KING’S DAUGHTER, THE STORY OF ANANSI AND TIGER, . THE SNAKE, . : : : THE AFFASSIA, . GOAT AND ANANSI, ANANSI, HIS WIFE, AND TIGER, THE STORY ABOUT RAT AND CAT, ANANSI, TIGER, AND GOAT, GARSHAN BULL, : , : : THE LADY AND THE LITTLE DOGGIE, THE KING AND THE PEAFOWL, : PAGE 30 40 42 46 51 54 56 58 61 63 65 67 70 73 XG CONTENTS. PAR Tab REPRINTED BY KIND PERMISSION OF SIR GEORGE WEBBE DASENT, D.C.L. THE LION, GOAT, AND BABOON, THE LITTLE CHILD AND THE PUMPKIN-TREE, THE KING AND THE ANT’S TREE, . : THE GIRL AND THE FISH, THE DANCING GANG, ANANSI AND BABOON, : ANANSI AND THE LION, ANANSI AND QUANQUA, . : THE BROTHER AND HIS SISTERS, . : WHY THE JACK SPANIARD’S WAIST IS SMALL, . THE MAN AND THE DOUKANA TREE, - THE EAR OF CORN AND THE TWELVE MEN, ° PAGE 81 84 89 91 94 96 99 109 114 121 122 125 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. THE “GREAT HOUSE”—ON A PENN, : Frontispiece “HE TELL ANANSI ’TORY FINE,” . . To face page 6 A MOUNTAIN HAMLET, . ; : : " n 24 THE HAUNT OF ANANSI, . . . . wn 1 66 STREET IN A WEST INDIAN TOWN —ST ANN’S, JAMAICA, ; ; : ‘ " n 81 HOME OF A SUGAR-PLANTER, . , " pe D2 WHENCE THEY CAME. N the West Indies, if you desire to be told a fairy tale or anything of the kind, you must ask for Anansi stories. In old days these were usually related at local gatherings of black people, such as weddings or funerals, the latter being, like wakes in Ireland, equal occasions for festivity with the former. But the difh- culty in these days of obtaimg any information on this subject from a West India negro will, I fear, scarcely be realised A 2 WEST INDIAN FOLK-LORE. by the generality of readers. Whether it is that the great spread of education causes them to fear ridicule on the part of white questioners, or that the systematic discouragement of the clergy of all sects is beginning to take effect at last, certain it is that any one seeking to take down tales from the lips of a negro will have to spend much time, patience, and persuasion ere the narrator will cease to say, “‘ Dat foolish- ness ; wonder Missis car to har dat.” Yet, all the time, probably that same old woman will keep the children quiet with these tales, and the small white bucera sitting by its nurse will have a flood of folk-lore wasted on its entertain- ment, which an elder interested in the WHENCE THEY CAME. 3 same will vainly endeavour to induce to flow. Anansi stories, which are those generally told to children, owe their name to a mysterious personage who plays a principal part in most of them—a hairy old man with long nails, very ugly, called Brother or Father A-nansi. Although this word is sometimes spelt Ananzi, I prefer the former spelling, as I think it shows the derivation more clearly, as I shall presently explain. In some ways Anansi bears a resem- blance to the Scandinavian Troll or Scrattel, and the lLubber-fiend of the English north country: he is said to be undersized and hairy, and his friendship is often unlucky, his presents turning to + WEST INDIAN FOLK-LORE. leaves or stones. Like the Rakshas of old Deccan days, and the demon subjects of the Cinghalese Devil, he is sometimes very hideous to look upon, and will go in rags when he has bags of money hidden away. His voice, too, is peculiar: he is said to speak through his nose, and his speech is very unintellicible, the reason given being that he talks so much with the beasts that at ) last he talks ““same as them”; and a negro story-teller will always give Anansi’s re- marks, therefore, with an odd indescribable nasal accent. His character is not unlike that of the German Reinecke Fuchs, or the Japanese Avtsuné Fox: he is very thievish and cunning, and plays tricks like the jackal in the Hindoo stories, and WHENCE THEY CAME. 5 generally gets the better of the other an1i- mals, and of men whom he sometimes be- friends, but more often dupes and outwits. He sometimes takes the form of a spider ; and there is a certain large house-spider with hairy legs and yellowish stripes, quite harmless, which it is said to be unlucky to kill, commonly called Anansi. This word, like so many terms in use in the West Indies, comes from the West Coast of Africa, where the Ashantees have a word, Ananse, meaning spider. Another West African word, nan, means to spin, and there is a somewhat similar term (Ananisem) for a story, which is not at all unsuitable when one considers the way in which a folk-tale is spun by a 6 WEST INDIAN FOLK-LORE. native story-teller. These are generally old women, but sometimes a man will have a reputation as a narrator. We had a coachman, of whom it was said in the quarters, “he tell Anansi ‘tory fine”; and a driver on the cattle-pen was equally renowned. Tecuma seems to be another name for Anansi: as my informant expressed it, ‘“ Tecuma one spider, Anansi one Tecuma. Tecuma big and foolish, Anansi smaller and more ’cute ;” in short, he always gets the better of Tecuma, as he does of all the other creatures. In some tales A-nansi’s wife is called A-toukama, which also means spider, and it is probable Tecuma is only another form of the same. ‘*HE TELL ANANSI ’TORY FINE.” —Page 6. WHENCE THEY CAME. 7 Besides Anansi stories there are also what are called Duppy or Jumbi stories. These relate, however, solely to ghosts. They haunt particular houses, places, or roads, maltreating the passers-by some- times. There is a delightful story of a Duppy who met with a drunken man rid- ing home from market, and with a laud- able objection to intemperance, shook Sambo off his horse into a muddy pool, and so belaboured him that he was barely able to crawl home. Another Duppy haunted a pasture on our cattle-pen. He was mysteriously called the Rolling Calf, and his presence was said so to alarm cattle that it be- came impossible ever to leave any in that 8 WEST INDIAN FOLK-LORE, pasture at night. I remember, too, a maid who had been paying a visit to friends in town, coming home rather late across a pasture full of cattle, and de- claring on her arrival at the house that she had seen a Duppy. I endeavoured to extract an accurate description which might have resulted in his portrait here, but I never got anything except that he had flaming eyes, and was like a cow, which last was not improbable. A more bond-fide ghost was one which gave an evil name to the old and tumble- down coffee-works on a certain plantation. A black workman in old days having been killed by a fall, said not to have been involuntary, from the top-floor window, WHENCE THEY CAME. 9 ever after no one would go near the spot, except in broad daylight and in company. An old wrinkled negro, who crept over from a neighbouring estate and installed himself in the haunted precincts, among the damp and mouldy planks and silent water-wheel, overgrown with a tropical tangle of fern, was looked upon as un- canny, and there were dark whispers that he was an Obi man. He at least must have been a sceptic with regard to the evil repute of his haunt, though he took advantage of it to ensure himself an undisturbed dwelling-place. As far as I know, he never did any- thing more dreadful than steal plantains for a living; and as a picturesque object 10 WEST INDIAN FOLK-LORE. sitting half-naked under the horse-eye trees by the river that ran by his door, he was worth a few bunches surely. Although Duppies resemble what the French would call revenants, the Wald Geist of German and the ghost proper of English fears, they seem also somewhat to resemble the Irish and Gaelic fetch, which presents all the appearance of some human creature who is far from being dead at the moment. In one instance, two men were going to the boiling-house early one morn- ing. They crossed a cane-piece, and the story goes they saw a third man, a negro, passing before them through the waving cane-tops : he was deaf to any call, and seemed to disappear within the building ; WHENCE THEY CAME. 11 but when, a moment after, they also en- tered, no man or any trace of man was there.