THE TrT ' t " RATIONAL SPELLING BOOK BY DR.J.M.RICE ^-f-t- AMERICAN • BOOK • COHPANY NEW YORK- CINCINNATI- CHICAGO UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00022228643 L e Wi g Lek^/ - a/' > ^ ^ o* X !>. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill http://archive.org/details/rationalspelling02rice THE RATIONAL SPELLING BOOK BY DR. J. M. RICE EDITOR OF "THE FORUM ; " AUTHOR OF " THE PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES," " THE FUTILITY OF THE SPELLING GRIND," ETC. PART II NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY Copyright, 1898, by AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY. v y BICE'S 8PELLEK, PT. II. E-P 58 PREFACE PURPOSE AND PLAN This is a spelling book pure and simple, designed for use in all the grades or years of school work above the third. 1 It has been arranged on a definite psychological plan, based upon an examination of the schools of nearly all the large cities of the country and upon a careful study of the actual spell- ing of more than 33,000 pupils. The characteristic features of the book are : 1. The careful grading of the work in accordance with the natural growth of the child's comprehension; the words selected for each successive year being on a somewhat more mature mental plane. 2. The precedence given to common words. •3. The small number of words as compared with the ground covered. 4. The provision made for thorough drill, by means of constant reviews. GRADING As the book is graded upon the plan of postponing the presentation of a word until it has become familiar to the pupil, the study of the meaning of words is rendered prac- tically unnecessary. Another result of the plan of grading is to obviate largely the necessity for the study of pronunciation. Drill in pronun- ciation is needed on such words only as are liable to be mis- pronounced ; and these — a comparatively small number in the case of familiar words — -are indicated by daggers (f) in the text, and placed together syllabified and marked at the end of each year's work. Other words have not been divided into syllables; for, as my tests have shown that such division is 1 The work for the first three years is given in the author's ' ' Rational Spelling Book, Part I." 3 4 PREFACE of no advantage, it has been thought best to lead the pupil to learn the words as they are used in life. The system of grading adopted has served also to reduce the number of words in the book — as explained in another paragraph. SELECTION OF WORDS The words have been selected, primarily, with reference to their use in ordinary affairs ; and the suggestion is offered that the time devoted to spelling as such be given to the words of the book in their order of presentation. Words not found in the spelling book, or arising in the classroom before they have been reached in the book, should be taught incidentally, and only when the pupil has occasion to use them in written work. If the words for the spelling exercises are selected from the school work rather than from the whole language, — a custom followed in some schools, — the instruction in spelling, from the standpoint of orthography, is necessarily unsystematic and directed to the vocabulary of the schoolroom rather than to that of the ordinary affairs of life. Furthermore, it is not reasonable to suppose that words selected at random by the teacher — a plan pursued in other schools — can so fully meet the demands of later life as those carefully selected and graded after a discriminating consideration of every word in the lan- guage. Moreover, it is only by means of a rational sequence in the order of presentation that justice in the matter of common words can be done to those children who are obliged to leave school before the end of the course. NUMBER OF WORDS That the ground covered is much larger than is indicated by the number of words in the book, is due to the exclusion of many classes of words that require no special drill. An effort has been made to exclude all words containing no real orthographical difficulty. To a very large extent, derivative words formed according to rule have been omitted. This implies, of course, that the rules themselves must be thoroughly learned. While it is true that the study of rules is to a certain extent mechanical, yet the amount of mechanical work therein involved is very PREFACE 5 small as compared with that required in studying individually all the words to which they apply. When the rules are under- stood only the exceptional words need be studied individually, and these at the time they occur in the regular course. There are in all not more than three classes of rules calling for careful study; and these are presented in a very simple form on pages 127, 128. The words to which they apply reach far into the thousands; but the exceptions among com- mon words do not exceed a score. The belief that rules are not worth studying, on the ground that they are all offset by exceptions, is, therefore, not well founded. While it would be absurd to expect the pupil to grasp these rules in the course of a week or a month, it is equally absurd to imagine that he cannot learn and apply them when they are called to his attention day after day for several years, in accordance with the plan pursued in this work. Further, an abridgment of the course has naturally resulted from the system of grading employed. According to this sys- tem, as has been indicated, the spelling of a word should be studied only after its use and meaning are known to the pupil. It has been found, however, that very many words belonging to the maturer years are so easy to spell that, when the proper time for their introduction arrives, drill on them is no longer required. Consequently, those words have been entirely omitted which, from a psychological standpoint, belong to a high grade, while, orthographically, their grading should be low. The number of words thus naturally excluded, and without detriment to the course, is very large. The system which does not call for the spelling of a word until its meaning is understood, may perhaps be said to close at the end of the seventh year, when the words of the ordinary vocabulary have for the most part become exhausted. For this reason words may be found in the eighth year's list which some might consider beyond the pupil. The words in the supplementary list are not intended for the elementary schools. A careful selection of geographical names, difficult to spell, will be found on pages 123-126. They cover the entire field. That the number of these words is small is due to the fact that nearly all the names of important places are easy to spell. 6 PREFACE ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS The book has been divided into lessons, each of which rep- resents an entire week's work — not counting the reviews and special lists. The number of words in a lesson varies from 15 to 24. Frequently, words are repeated at the end of the lesson with derivatives, for practice in the application of the rules. With certain exceptions, the arrangement of the lists has been guided either by orthographical analogy or by the mean- ing of the words. The arrangement by analogy, it is believed, will render the study of new words very easy. But, to obviate the objection that has been made to such an order, — namely, that spelling thus learned is quickly forgotten, — many of the words are repeated in reviews, so that, when they have once been memorized, the aid of analogy is withdrawn. REVIEWS The provisions for reviews are numerous. In the fourth and fifth years, as in Part I, most of the words appearing in the columns are immediately repeated in sentences ; and every fifth lesson is devoted to a review of the more difficult words — alphabetically arranged — contained in the four preceding lessons. At the end of the fourth year will be found a review of the most difficult words in Part I. After the fifth year, the sentences are omitted, but provision is made for the review of the most difficult words at the end of every sixth lesson. At the end of each year's work, throughout the book, will be found an alphabetical list of many of the difficult words on all the preceding pages. In conclusion, the suggestion is offered that not more than fifteen minutes daily be devoted to spelling, including both study and recitation. As I have shown elsewhere, additional time given to the subject is not rewarded by additional return. 1 New York j. M. RICE. 1 See "The Futility of the Spelling Grind," in The Forum for April and June, 1897. FOURTH YEAR contain detain speed service complain explain greet deserve drain vain speech observe remain weep serve preserve The train, while going at fnll speed, ran into a car contain- ing a great many people. The men in charge tried in vain to preserve order, as the weeping women did not give them a chance to explain matters. They were detained only a little while. Those who had worked at the cars were greeted with cheers for the service they had done. deserve - deserving 1 a observe - observing 1 a try - trying Za try -tried 3 * search auburn level firm murder novel mirth murmur morsel shirk occur 2a parcel 2 verse refer prefer earthquake Has a search been made for the missing parcel ? Before the earthquake occurred, a murmuring noise was heard. We must not shirk our work, although we may prefer to play. The beggar did not have a morsel of food for breakfast. The recital of the comic verses created much mirth. refer -referring 2 a prefer - preferred Note. — The marks, 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, etc. , indicate the rules on 127, 128, which should be studied in connection with these words. 7 pages s FOURTH YEAR image village 3 principal courage wedge student mucilage charge absent message plunge regular + mixture fixture nature + lecture f The principal of the village school sent a message to the absent scholar. The young student showed courage when he plunged into the river after the drowning child. Mucilage is a mixture of gum and water. A lecture on nature study was given to the teachers at their last regular meeting. charge - charging 1 a study - studying 3a plunge - plunging 1 a study - studied Sa session alphabet quire arrange trial capital margin dictation punctual + period eraser quotation exercise pause alter penmanship If we are careful in our dictation exercises, we need not use an eraser to alter what we have written. We must not forget to begin sentences with capital letters, nor to put periods in their proper places. Sometimes it is hard to use quotation marks correctly. Well-arranged papers and good penmanship will help the teacher in correcting the work. The morning session begins punctually at nine o'clock. care - careful * arrange - arranging la * The suffix ful has only one I. t This sign indicates words liable to be mispronounced. See page 28. FOURTH YEAR impudent violent different excellent distant instant elegant pleasant important vacant positive active relative destructive sensitive expensive The two brothers have quite different natures. One is im- pudent, and has a violent temper ; the other is always pleasant. That elegant house would not have been vacant so long if it had been less expensive. The man has received an important message from his rela- tives, who live in a distant town. action condition motion position mention reception attention invitation 6 relation selection donation direction collection election objection section Did you get an invitation to the church reception? Some pretty selections will be played on the organ. There will be a fine collection of pictures in one section of the building. Are you going in my direction ? We can go together, if you have no objection. Pay attention to the position of your body while writing. 7 (Review) arrange important pleasant sensitive courage morsel positive service different mucilage punctual session excellent murmur regular speech exercise parcel search village 10 FOURTH YEAR travel 8 valise tunnel vessel traveler satchel cabin canoe passenger baggage passage anchor distance locomotive voyage crew When the traveler from the West reached New York, his age was taken to the vessel on which he had engaged passage for Europe. His valise was put into his cabin. After a voyage of six days the ship dropped anchor, and the pas- sengers departed. 9 accident fashion honorable explosion fashionable miserable confusion agreeable reasonable repair changeable comfortable f The railroad accident occurred because the signal failed to work. When the locomotives crashed into each other, an ex- plosion took place and several cars were wrecked. All was in confusion, and many passengers were injured. The weather would be agreeable if it were not so changeable. Fashionable clothing is not always the most comfortable. change - changing la change - changeable lc signal wreck scatter injure 1 HOMONYMS coarse This thread is too coarse, course What course did the ship take ? vain We must not be vain. vein The man cut a vein in his hand. four There are four weeks in a month. fore The horse's left fore leg was broken. FOURTH YEAR 11 lO expression admission permission possible sensible terrible therefore thoroughly anxious jealous mischief + mischievous + dangerous injury injurious 3 ' poisonous We were thoroughly drenched in that terrible storm. I am anxious to get home, and will therefore start at once. The expression of the boy's face shows that he is mischievous. Sensible people will not do what they know to be injurious to their health. Many poisonous plants are dangerous to handle. 11 ostrich mosquito atlas prepare peacock beetle island examine hawk centiped desert memory gnat caterpillar geography + review Gnats and mosquitoes are very troublesome insects. The peacock and the ostrich are noted for their beautiful feathers. The ostrich is found in the desert. We use an atlas in preparing our geography lessons, and commit the most useful points to memory. commit - committed 2a commit - committing 2 * 12 (R EVIEW) accident changeable jealous possible agreeable examine mischievous sensible anchor expression mosquito therefore anxious fashionable passenger thoroughly baggage geography permission valise 12 FOURTH YEAR 13 gauze linen trousers scour bracelet pattern jersey dye buckle remnant blouse dyer ornament handkerchief muffler dyeing There was just enough cloth in the remnant for a blouse. The pattern was pretty and in the fashion. A buckle at the waist was the only ornament on the dress. The white muffler was dyed a beautiful blue. The dyer also scours clothing. 14 musical duet ballad bugle festival trio opera + mandolin choir quartet violin + minstrel chorus octave + flute musician Those who took part in the musical festival were all good musicians. A beautiful ballad was sung by a member of the minstrel company. Selections were played on the violin, the flute, and the mandolin. A quartet from an opera was given. The chorus consisted of forty trained singers. HOMONYMS choir She sings in the choir, quire We have a quire of paper. die Did the bird die ? dye Did she dye the ribbon ? dying Is the bird dying ? dyeing She is dyeing the ribbon. paws The cat has soft paws. pause He did not pause to think. FOURTH YEAR 13 15 guide journey scenery carriage hansom omnibus axle bridle pistol cannon trigger muzzle habit merit profit credit In some countries the people are in the habit of making as luuch profit out of travelers as they can. Guides offer to show them the scenery. Shopkeepers point out the merits of their wares. Others try to force them to hire carriages or omnibuses. In certain places it is not safe to journey without a pistol. 16 ore mineral gravel alum zinc solder lye borax bronze mortar crockery resin copper asphalt porcelain + benzine Borax and lye are used in making soap. Hard solder is composed of copper and zinc. Gravel and asphalt are used for paving. Porcelain is a fine grade of crockery. Benzine is used for cleaning clothes. Many ornaments are made of bronze. admission asphalt carriage choir chorus 1 7 (Review) dangerous dyeing guide handkerchief injurious journey mandolin memory musician poisonous porcelain scenery solder terrible violin 14 FOURTH YEAR 18 spirit liquid liquor alcohol evil drunkard quarrel stagger awkward obstinate stubborn willful vulgar sulky neglect ruint The drunkard staggered through the streets, and quarreled with his wife when he reached home. Alcohol aroused all the evil in him. His business was neglected and went to ruin. Willful children sometimes grow sulky and obstinate when they are taken to task. The mule is known to have a stubborn spirit. 19 argue tempt pretend familiar interrupt boast imagine intimate contradict disappoint imitate respectful interfere falsehood doubt beautiful You cannot imagine how disappointed we were that the rain interfered with the picnic ; but we pretended not to care. To interrupt and contradict is neither polite nor respectful. Those who tell falsehoods are doubted even when they tell the truth. argue - arguing pity -pitying' 16 imagine - imagining pity - pitied 3a la HOMONYMS lie Do not tell a lie. lye The lye will burn your fingers. oar The boatman lost an oar. ore The ore contained gold. FOURTH YEAR 15 20 grief grieve misery worry J la excite la calm ease peace photograph gallery portrait group statue model material tissue Some people lead a life of ease and peace ; others seem to iiave nothing but worry and misery. It is not sensible to grieve and worry over trifles. The members of the family had their portraits taken in a group. One of the pictures is hanging in the photograph gallery. In the drawing lesson a statue was used as a model. bruise injury crutch treatment 21 salve feverish poultice headache patient hoarse improvement 1 ^ measles drowsy bolster quilting embroider John is still under treatment for his injury, but is making rapid improvement. Salves and poultices have nearly cured his bruises. Mary is nearly over the measles. She is not so hoarse and feverish as she was, and no longer complains of headache. The little patient looks quite comfortable, with her ;head resting easily on the embroidered pillow. 22 (Review) alcohol group interrupt poultice bruise imagine liquor quarrel disappoint imitate obstinate spirit familiar improvement patient statue grief interfere photograph tissue 16 FOURTH YEAR 23 advice advise direct + appoint commence prompt proceed continue succeed success necessary attempt property college practice experiment Our first efforts are not always rewarded with success. It is often necessary to make several attempts before we succeed. We should ask advice of those who are able to direct us. The concert at the College of Music will commence promptly at eight o'clock and continue until ten. advise - advising a a continue - continuing 16 24 almanac heavenly soul altar calendar almighty Sabbath pulpit autumn sermon religious aisle Christmas praise 1 a bless pew The minister's sermon on Christmas Day was very much praised. He prayed the Almighty to bless the people in the church, and to help them to do right. Palms and other plants decorated the altar. Every pew was taken, and many people were standing in the aisles. HOMONYMS soul Not a soul was there. sole The sole of my shoe is worn out. alter Do not alter your work. altar The altar was covered with flowers. seen Have you seen my purse ? scene It was a pretty scene. FOURTH IEAR 17 25 receive * a nuisance ruffian benefit laziness 3a terror supply nonsense brute. relief mischief 1 " fierce suppose desire 1 * collect charity A large sum is collected in the town for charity every year. Relief is supplied free to the helpless. Those who are strong do not receive money unless they work for it. Laziness leads to mischief. Children who think only of nonsense are a great nuisance to the teacher. 26 column occupy particular dictionary circular opposite personal apothecary advertise separate ordinary spectacle advertisement common moisture The house on the opposite side of the street has not been occupied for a long time. The landlord has placed an adver- tisement of half a column in the papers about it. The apothecary is advertising his new shop. He makes a particular point of keeping his poisons in a separate closet. occupy - occupying Sa occupy -occupied 3 * advertise - advertising 1 a advertise - advertisement x d 27 (Review) autumn continue opposite relief charity mischief particular religious circular moisture praise separate college necessary proceed spectacle column nuisance receive success bice's speller, PT. II. — 2 18 FOURTH YEAR 28 elevator piazza + veranda portico vestibule panel lattice ledge gable fountain hydrant faucet + mansion palace castle t homestead The old homestead looks very inviting. Its verandas are wide, and its vestibule is filled with plants. Honeysuckles are climbing up the lattice. The ledge of rock back of the grounds is covered with other creeping plants. There is a large fountain in the garden, which can be turned on or off by a hydrant hidden in the grass. Its many gables give the house a cozy look. 29 professor actor superintendent cable instructor author messenger telegraph tutor collector brewery telephone monitor conductor warehouse telegram The messenger was sent with a telegram to the warehouse. As the superintendent had already left, the clerk telephoned the message to his home. One of the professors at the college is a well-known author. The tutor appointed a monitor to take charge of the class during his absence. HOMONYMS peace The country was at peace. piece The boy asked for a piece of bread. row The children stood in a row. roe The roe of some fish is good to eat. groan He heard some one groan. grown A full-grown animal. FOURTH YEAR 19 30 training department district committee directory history library + preface + pronounce poetry poem rhyme behavior progress catalogue dialogue The library committee have bought some new books of his- tory and poetry. This year's catalogue will soon be ready. The rhyme makes the poem easy to remember. Some of the names in the directory are hard to pronounce. The members of the tire department receive thorough train- ing for their work. 31 accept dissect inhale * a telescope presume devour urge 1 a camera postpone slaughter apology microscope beware rouse anxiety magnify The tiny parts of the dissected plant were plainly seen through the microscope. A gentleman urged the doctor to come at once, as he was in great anxiety about his child. As the doctor was called a moment later to rouse a man who had inhaled escaping gas, he was obliged to postpone the visit to the child. When he explained the matter his apology was accepted. 32 (Review) accept committee library rhyme anxiety faucet messenger slaughter apology fountain microscope superintendent behavior hydrant palace telescope catalogue lattice professor vestibule 20 FOURTH YEAR 33 menagerie museum f quadruped cattle elephant buffalo lion camel tiger boar antelope beaver 34 deer hare alligator crocodile appetite diet victuals biscuit omelet porridge sausage apricot f quince citron prune sirup 35 honeycomb huckleberry raspberry cantaloupe laborer brakeman cooper cobbler clothier glazier jeweler milliner confectioner merchant florist customer 36 buyer stationery millinery confectionery celery- lettuce olive asparagus + cinnamon poultry sirloin sardine sandwich dessert + caramel vanilla oral oval comical liberal HOMONYMS him Give it to him. hymn They sang a hymn. moan Did you hear her moan ? mown The new-mown hay smells sweet. FOURTH YEAR 21 37 (Review) alligator appetite asparagus biscuit brakeman cantaloupe celery cinnamon clothier confectionery customer elephant glazier menagerie millinery poultry raspberry sirup stationery victuals Many satchels are made of the skin of the alligator. The fresh air gave the brakeman a hearty appetite. Asparagus and celery are tempting vegetables. The children gave the elephant at the menagerie some biscuits. The cantaloupe is a finely flavored melon. Cinnamon is a spice used chiefly in baking and cooking. The clothier was successful because he tried to please his customers. Too much confectionery is not wholesome. The glazier broke a pane of glass while fitting the show- cases in the new millinery store. Poultry is a name given to chickens, geese, ducks, etc. Raspberry sirup with water makes a refreshing drink in summer. Writing material is usually bought at the stationery store. The servant gave some victuals to the poor man. HOMONYMS boar The man killed a wild boar. bore Why did you bore a hole through the desk ? deer The deer is a pretty animal. dear Children are dear to their parents. hare The hare can run quickly, hair The little girl has long hair. 22 FOURTH YEAR 38 height + cipher multiplication remainder length + addition division total vertical subtract divisor quotient f horizontal subtraction dividend increase la triangle multiply Ba fraction 39 average mayor captain lawyer chief governor officer + pastor armory president soldier f parson prison general judge warden 40 jail noble battle shallow truly 15 scramble * simple sorrow prettily Za tremble sample mellow merrily Za puzzle curdle possibly heavily 8a shear pulley 41 amuse ment 1 ^ proof razor haul delightful prove awl kiln introduce 1- statement wrench pleasure address opinion HOMONYMS leak The kettle lias a leak in it. leek The leek is a garden vegetable. wade Let us wade in the creek. we] Lghed The fish weighed four pounds. FOUB :th year 23 42 (Review) addition governor lawyer pleasure captain heavily length prove chief height multiplication quotient cipher increase officer soldier division judge opinion wrench We can prove our answers in division by multiplication, and our answers in subtraction by addition. The captain is the head of a company of soldiers. A cipher at the right-hand side of a whole number increases its value. The governor is the chief officer of the State. The man wrenched his foot against a stone, and fell heavily to the ground. We speak of the length of a river and of the height of a mountain. The prisoner was brought before the judge ; and the lawyer succeeded in getting him free. We should not prize our own opinions too highly. Pleasure is not the only object of life. The answer in division is called the quotient. HOMONYMS awl The shoemaker uses an awl. all Let us all go for a walk. haul Did the man haul a load of coal ? hall The concert was given in the hall. kiln They are burning lime in the kiln, kill Why did the man kill the dog ? none Have you none of your paper left ? nun The nun is in the convent. 24 FOURTH YEAR 43 (Review of Difficult Words) accept choir governor mischief accident chorus grief mischievous addition cinnamon group moisture admission cipher guide morsel agreeable circular handkerchief mosquito alcohol clothier height mucilage alligator college hydrant multiplication anchor committee imagine murmur anxiety confectionery imitate musician anxious continue important necessary apology courage increase nuisance appetite customer injurious obstinate arrange dangerous interfere officer asparagus different interrupt opinion baggage disappoint jealous opposite behavior division journey palace biscuit elephant lattice parcel brakeman examine lawyer particular bruise excellent length passenger cantaloupe exercise library patient captain expression liquor permission carriage familiar mandolin photograph catalogue fashionable memory pleasant celery faucet menagerie pleasure changeable ! fountain messenger poisonous charity geography microscope porcelain chief glazier millinery position FOURTH YEAR 25 (Review of Difficult Words — Continued) possible regular sirup telescope poultice relief slaughter terrible poultry religious solder therefore praise rhyme soldier thoroughly proceed scenery spectacle tissue professor search speech valise punctual sensible spirit vestibule quarrel sensitive stationery victuals quotient separate statue village raspberry service success violin receive session superintendent 44 (Review of Difficult Words from Part I) ache beautiful business coffee afford bedstead busy color afraid beggar cabbage comfort again believe caught company against between ceiling correct almost bought certain cottage already bouquet cheese cough also breakfast chocolate country always breath choose couple among breathe church court answer bridge circle cousin arithmetic build circus crowd aunt bureau climb cruel autumn burglar clothes curtain 26 FOURTH YEAR (Eeview of Difficult Words from Part I — • Continued) cushion fight janitor obey daily figure juice ocean dairy first kneel office daisies flannel knuckle onion damage forehead laugh orphan daughter forty laughter owner depot fourteen leather package divide freeze listen palate doctor friend loose parade dose fright lose parent double fringe lounge paste dough fruit meadow pearl drowned furnace measure peddler early geranium medicine pencil earnest gingham minute people easy glove mirror perfect either glue mountain picture eleven grease move piece else guess muscle pigeon engine health music pity enough heart naughty plaid error heavy neighbor plumber failure honest neither potato family honey niece pour fasten horrible nineteen powder feather icicle ninety preach February improve noise present field instead nurse pretty FOURTH YEAR 27 (Review of Difficult Words from Part I- - Continued) priest season strange Tuesday private sense strength twice promise servant study tying proper severe stylish uncle purple shoe sugar until purpose shoulder suit vegetable purse shovel sure veil queer sieve surprise vein question sigh taste visit quiet sign taught wealthy quite skein tease weather raisin sleeve thief Wednesday ready sleigh thirsty welcome reason smooth though wharf recess something thought wheat repeat soup thread wheel rinse southern threaten whistle rough spare throat whole satisfied speak through wholesome Saturday spinach tight women sauce sponge together world scarcely square tongue worse scholar squeeze touch worsted school squirrel tough wound scissors steady toward wreath scorch stir trouble wrist scratch stitch trough wrong scream stomach true young 28 FOURTH YEAR (Words Li a'pri cot as par' a gus cas'tle (kas"l) com' fort a ble des serf di reef fau'eet ge og'ra phy height (hit) in' jure in tro duce' 45 ABLE TO BE MISPRONOUNCED) * lec'ture op'er a length li'bra ry man' do lm mis' chief mis'chie vous mu se'um ± na'ture nee'es sa ry oc'tave off! cer pi az za pOr'ce lam preface punc'tti al quo'tient (kwo') reg'u lar ru'm sol'dier vi o lm' 46 (Words Liable to be Mispronounced, from Part I) again figure recess when against hasten squirrel where aunt knew stomach whether chocolate medicine tiny which clothes often tomato while deaf piano toward whip dew picture vegetable whistle drowned potato wharf white duty pretty what why engine radish wheel yeast * The diacritical marks used are from Webster's International Dic- tionary. FOURTH YEAR 29 47 (Review of Homonyms from Part I) bear A black bear. road A broad road. bare His feet are bare. rode He rode away. bin A coal bin. right It is right. been How have you been ? write Will you write ? break Did it break ? sail Did the boat sail ? brake Use the brake. sale A house for sale. by buy By the river. seam A wide seam. Did you buy it ? seem Does it seem right ? fair fare A fair day. Pay your fare. so sew sow Is it so ? Sew on the button. Sow the seed. great grate A great man. A fire in the grate. steal steel Do not steal. A steel chain. herd heard A herd of cows. I heard you. stile style Step over the stile. Dressed in the style hear here Did you hear me ? It is here. tail tale The horse's tail. A fairy tale. led Led by a rope. there Were you there ? lead A lead pipe. their Their new house. pail A pail of water. tide A strong tide. pale A pale child. tied Tied to a fence. pain Pain in the head. to Come to me. pane A pane of glass. too It is too large. pair A pair of shoes. two I have two books. pear A sweet pear. waist A belt at the waist. pare Pare the apple. waste Do not waste time. 30 FOURTH YEAR 48 (Puzzling Words Frequently Misspelled, from Part I) any many such where been much their which come none there while could off these who does often they whom done once those whose each should were why here some what would FIFTH YEAR obtain bleach bulge serge retain streak forge conceit bail feast singe deceit retail dredge singeing* deceive While dredging the river to obtain a better flow of water, the men came upon a streak of gold in the sand. The tailor ruined the serge coat by singeing the sleeves. The children left the feast with their pockets bulging. If we deceive people we cannot retain their friendship. dredge - dredging x a deceive - deceiving 1 a 50 droop accuse 1 " 1 blur turban gloomy acute spur due 1 " include la brute surf cue intrude absurd burden hue The surf looks gloomy when the sky has a leaden hue. The horse was drooping under his heavy burden. It was absurd to hurry the poor brute when he was so weary. In their own countries Turks wear turbans, and Chinamen wear cues. spur - spurring z weary - wearying blur - blurred 2a weary - wearied 3 a Note. — The marks, la, 2 a, 3a, etc., indicate the rules on pages 127, 128, which should be studied in connection with these words. * Singeing is an exception to rule 1 a. t This sign indicates words liable to be mispronounced. See page 50. 31 32 FIFTH YEAR 51 herb stern serpent pier verb concern clergy pierce adverb converse assert brief berth service certain belief The steamer at the pier has just arrived after a long voyage. It was asserted by all that the service had been excellent. During a storm the captain was much concerned for the safety of the vessel. For a brief period he would not converse with any of the passengers. converse - conversing la pierce - piercing la 52 dense breadth + dental crystal expense deafen + nasal sandal immense heather vocal annual glimpse readily 3a mental continual 16 license readiness 3a spinal cardinal A dense crowd had gathered to see the unveiling of the statue. In spite of its immense size, it was hard for us to get a glimpse of it. The continual cheering was deafening. Some problems can be readily solved by mental arithmetic. The face of a watch is covered with a crystal. Nasal tones are apt to spoil the effect of vocal music. HOMONYMS bail The prisoner could not get bail, bale A bale of hay fell off the wagon. birth What is the year of your birth ? berth He was lying in his berth. FIFTH YEAR 53 type syllable stanza fable volume initial couplet record magazine hyphen paragraph diary gazette accent historical memorandum Stanzas and couplets are divisions in poetry. Paragraphs are divisions in prose. In pronouncing words, care mast be taken to place the accent on the proper syllable. The magazines, which contained some interesting fables and historical facts, were bound into a volume. Initial letters of chapters are often printed in fancy type. pianist f organist soprano tenor 54 baritone choral + orchestra 1 " melody overture + rehearse 1 quadrille chord tambourine accordion melodeon violoncello + The tenor voice is not so high as the soprano, but is higher than the baritone. The orchestra rehearsed the overture many times. A charming melody was played on the violoncello. The accordion is quite easy to play ; but it takes an organist to perform well on the melodeon. accordion 55 conceit license rehearse accuse converse magazine service acute deceive melodeon singeing belief immense orchestra syllable breadth initial pierce violoncello bice's SPELLER, PT. II. -»-3 34 FIFTH YEAR 56 upholsterer manufacturer machinist inspector inventor mechanic hostler + jockey customary boundary delivery discovery machinery mockery perfumery shrubbery The tracks in the shrubbery led to the discovery of the thief. In some cities it is customary for health inspectors to ex- amine milk before its delivery. The mechanic became a skilled machinist. He was the in- ventor of a piece of machinery, and sold his patent to the manufacturer. 57 ignorant inhabitant acquaintance admittance c insurance la 2 a annoyance € appearance assistance attendance comrade conveyance ambulance 3c citizen alderman constable deacon All the inhabitants of America were Indians before the white people made their appearance here. At first the latter were feared by the ignorant natives ; but closer acquaintance between them led to friendship. The ambulance conveyed the wounded citizen to his home. HOMONYMS cord The package was tied with strong cord, chord He struck a chord on the piano. due The ship was due. dew The dew is falling. fowl The fowl was tender. foul He caught a foul ball. FIFTH YEAR 35 58 convenient innocent intelligent impatient negligent independent obedient diligent floral + spiral dismal brutal dial cordial medical arrival It is almost a crime to be negligent in the sick room. Much can be done by an intelligent person without medical advice. A good nurse will neither tell the sufferer dismal stories nor become impatient when he wearies her. She will be diligent in carrying out the doctor's orders. A cordial greeting from the latter, on his arrival, will encourage the patient. carry - carrying carry - carried 3 " 59 illustrate + animate hesitate feature cultivate 1 a granulate regulate creature celebrate ventilate affectionate capture graduate vaccinate congratulate future decorate punctuate fortunate scripture When the student graduated, his parents celebrated the event. The house was decorated with cultivated plants, and friends called to congratulate the young man. He was so fortu- nate as to win a prize, and was hopeful of a successful future. 60 (Review) acquaintance convenient admittance conveyance appearance creature assistance hesitate celebrate hostler impatient machinist independent manufacturer innocent mechanic intelligent upholsterer machinery vaccinate 36 buoy + launch capsize perish The account of the mishap to the launch was heard with horror in the town. The boat had struck a rock and capsized. Several of the crew perished. The sound of the bells that tolled at the funeral hour was doleful. Every one in the place mourned for the drowned sailors. It was decided that a large tomb be made for them, and that an account of the event be included in the epitaph. FIFTH YEAR 61 horror toll decide mishap funeral declare mourn tomb accord doleful epitaph account capsize - capsizing la decide - deciding * a 62 decanter scent ascend flight fluid odor ascent roam essence perfume f summit soar shampoo cologne altitude hover The decanter was filled with fluid having a very strong odor. A small quantity of the essence of violet gives to cologne a delightful perfume. An occasional shampoo will keep the scalp in good condition. The bird in its flight soared to the summit of the mountain, and hovered about it for a while. It does not take a bird long to ascend to a great altitude. HOMONYMS sent The girl was sent on an errand, cent The boy found a cent, scent The rose has a sweet scent. FIFTH YEAR 63 request approve announce devote require admire dispatch console convince attract convey ignore control appear progress + despise 37 A dispatch was conveyed to the general to announce the progress of the battle. It contained a request for more men, and stated that they were urgently required. The general was not convinced that the men were needed, and therefore decided to ignore the request. He did not appear to approve of the actions of the officer in control. convince - convincing convey - conveyed 64 wages assign debt authority salary discharge rogue inquiry f currency premium roguish 1 b dutiful Saf agency honesty justice difficult It was simply an act of justice to discharge the clerk when his dishonesty was discovered. An inquiry showed that the rogue was deeply in debt. The dutiful son gave all his wages to his aged parents. The agency had full authority to sell or rent the house. 65 (Review) announce convey essence justice approve debt * flight odor assign despise honesty roguish buoy difficult horror salary cologne epitaph inquiry scent 38 FIFTH YEAR 66 introduction contradiction conversation exclamation graduation connection affection alteration ambition exhibition exertion exception elocution invention caution payment 30 agreement argument 3 b monument refinement 1 ** An agreement was made with the artist to place the picture on exhibition. The study of elocution helps the voice in conversation. With few exceptions, the pupils attended the graduation exercises. Needless contradiction is apt to lead to unpleasant argument. To secure the introduction of his invention, was the man's greatest ambition. study - studying 3a study - studied 3a 67 imitation information interruption punctuation preparation occupation reduction consumption digestion + vaccination ambitious cautious nervous delicious precious contagious Vaccination will guard against certain contagious diseases. It is well to be cautious in eating. Undue haste in the consumption of food often spoils the digestion. The preparation of the work was delayed by frequent inter- ruptions. Time is precious to ambitious persons. HOMONYMS sore He had a sore finger, soar Did the bird soar high ? FIFTH YEAR 39 advisable la enjoyable 30 excusable respectable 68 digestible + divisible + discouragement 1( announcement ld instrument various ancient patience residence envious studious furious 3 3a The doctor made an announcement of his change of residence. Discouragement should not rob us of patience. The girl was envious of her friend's success. If she had been as studious, she might have done as well. The concert was enjoyable, but a shorter programme would have been advisable. 69 planet territory 8a isle arctic sphere peninsula plateau polar equator isthmus prairie harbor continent strait valley 30 current North America forms the larger part of the continent of America. Its territory extends from a few degrees north of the equator to the Arctic Ocean. It is connected with South America by an isthmus, and in the northwest is separated from Asia by a strait. Its coast is noted for its many beautiful harbors. ambitious ancient announcement arctic consumption contagious delicious digestible • digestion divisible ■ 70 (Review) exclamation exhibition imitation interruption isthmus prairie . precious preparation sphere territory 40 FIFTH YEAR solemn sacred creator cathedral baptize la testament psalm + abbey baptism catechism christen synagogue worship proverb belfry mission Many people paused to listen to the solemn chimes of the cathedral bells. A psalm sung by the choir greeted them as they entered the church for worship. A baptism took place at the Mission House last Sunday. Five women were baptized, and a child was christened. 72 northerly region cleanliness Sa quality northern vapor godliness 3a quantity atmosphere indistinct holiness Sa balance climate imperfect proverb complete In the northern regions, where the climate is cold, the atmosphere is usually clear. In many warm countries, however, vapor frequently rises in the air, which makes objects in the distance appear indistinct. An old proverb says, " Cleanliness is next to godliness." In some seasons, the fruit is large in quantity but poor in quality. HOMONYMS aisle He is standing in the aisle, isle Isle is another name for island. strait The boat went through the strait, straight Can you draw a straight line ? current The river has a strong current. currant The currant is a small berry. FIFTH YEAR 41 73 union liberty inhabit feminine 1 united happiness Sa dwelling gossip republic custom foreigner envy 3a freedom society millionaire fortune The United States is a republic, and all its inhabitants enjoy the blessings of freedom. Many foreigners settle here because their own countries do not afford them enough liberty. Millionaires are often envied. Their fortunes, however, do not always bring them happiness. Gossip is one of the evil customs of society life. envy • - envying 3 a envy - envied 3 * 74 hearth f eaves moat sewer wainscot terrace cupola f cistern ventilator vineyard vane hogshead radiator pavilion promenade trough The old castle, which is encircled by a moat, stands on a broad terrace. A wide promenade leads from the house through the vineyard to a pavilion, which is topped by a gilded cupola. The hearths are richly tiled, and the wain- scotings are made of expensive woods. The building is sup- plied with water from a large cistern. 75 (Review) atmosphere feminine millionaire solemn balance foreigner pavilion synagogue catechism fortune psalm terrace christen freedom region trough complete hearth society vineyard 42 FIFTH YEAR varied 3a singular medium majority assemble surround support assure 76 wholly * plentiful 3a comparison conundrum aware heartily Za grateful 1 ^ inherit The mayor was elected by a large majority. This was not singular, as the citizens were grateful to him for his many kind acts. They were assured that he would heartily support any good cause, and conduct his varied duties wholly for their benefit. After the election he was surrounded by his friends, who assembled in his honor. la 77 plumage discourage contractor memorize foliage drainage cashier recognize savage guard librarian tantalize advantage guardian + architect pulverize The guard at the menagerie would not let the children tanta- lize the savage beasts. The advantages of good drainage are now duly recognized. The librarian is the guardian of the books in the library. The architect became discouraged because his plans were not approved by the contractor. HOMONYMS vane There is a gilt vane on the house, vain We must not be vain, vein He cut a vein in his hand. holy Holy things are sacred. wholly Was the fault wholly his ? * Wholly is an exception to rule 1 d. FIFTH YEAR 43 78 patient physician invalid disease feeble strangle ague cholera felon abscess hiccough f malaria iodine f liniment ammonia arnica The physician painted the patient's chest with iodine. The attack of cholera left the man very feeble. He remained an invalid for some time after the disease had disappeared. It is waste of time to treat an abscess or a felon with liniment. Arnica is a good remedy for a bruise. There is danger in inhaling ammonia. 79 studio etching equip * knight easel sketch legacy knoll palette + antique heir knell stencil specimen heirloom knapsack The young artist had a well-equipped studio. Several fine etchings hung on the walls, and here and there were antique specimens of art. The latter were heirlooms in his family. In one corner of the room stood an easel with a half-finished sketch upon it. It represented a knight resting on a grassy knoll, with his open knapsack before him. 80 (Review) abscess cashier foliage liniment ammonia cholera guardian majority antique companion heir physician architect discourage hiccough recognize assure disease librarian wholly * Equip is do exception to rule 2 a, as it here has the sound of w. 44 FIFTH YEAR 81 government regiment victory discipline patrol colonel sergeant lieutenant explosive terrific effective emergency plight capture pursue rescue The colonel credited his victory to the splendid discipline of the soldiers in his regiment. The lieutenant who had acted so bravely in an emergency was promoted captain after the battle. He succeeded in rescuing a number of men who had been closely pursued by the enemy. The explosive manu- factured by the government proved very effective. pursue - pursuing 16 rescue - rescuing 16 82 gypsy urchin snare eager squaw lackey seize droll infancy shepherd vacate affected juvenile 1 " bachelor vacancy animated The urchins played all sorts of juvenile tricks upon the aged squaw. An animated discussion took place between the gypsies and the farmer, who ordered them to vacate his fields. The wolf was caught in the snare which the shepherd had laid for him. The lackey seized the burglar, who had almost escaped with his booty. HOMONYMS night It was a cold night. knight The knight was clad in armor. FIFTH YEAR 45 poplin tarlatan mohair velveteen tweed cashmere silesia seersucker 83 tulle damask zephyr selvage girdle hosiery bodice mackintosh 84 botany dahlia witch-hazel acid juniper fuchsia turpentine 1 " opium myrtle maize sarsaparilla camphor laurel rhubarb pomegranate licorice 85 sturgeon tortoise hyena leopard mackerel scallop guinea giraffe halibut oyster llama heifer anchovy porpoise rhinoceros raccoon terrapin reptile hippopotamus kangaro 86 dazzle la startle la compass octagon shuffle nestle diameter rhomboid whittle title rectangle semicircle brittle particle quadrangle parallel 46 FIFTH YEAR 87 (Review) botany hippopot amus porpoise sturgeon dahlia leopard rhinoceros terrapin diameter llama rhubarb tortoise fuchsia oyster sarsaparilla turpentine giraffe parallel silesia zephyr In our botany lesson, we studied the different parts of the dahlia and the fuchsia. Some big trees in California measure twenty-five feet in diameter. The giraffe and the leopard have spotted skins. The hippopotamus and the rhinoceros are very large and clumsy. The llama resembles the camel, but has no hump. Oysters are usually found on gravel or sand. Lines are parallel when they run in the same direction. The porpoise is a large fish, which often follows ships at sea. Rhubarb and sarsaparilla are used much as medicines. Silesia is a coarse cloth, taking its name from the town in which it was first manufactured. Isinglass is made from the air bladder of the sturgeon. Terrapin is a variety of tortoise, and is highly valued for food. Turpentine is an oily substance obtained largely from the pine tree. Shawls made of zephyr are light and warm. HOMONYMS berry Holly has a pretty red berry, bury Did you bury the bird ? kernel The peanut has a sweet kernel, colonel The colonel wore his uniform. FIFTH YEAR 4 88 (Review of Difficult Words) abscess arrange choir accept asparagus cholera accident assign chorus accordion assistance cinnamon accuse assure cipher acquaintance atmosphere circular acute bachelor clothier addition baggage college admission balance cologne admittance behavior colonel agreeable belief committee alcohol biscuit companion alligator brakeman complete ambitious breadth conceit ammonia bruise confectionery anchor buoy consumption ancient cantaloupe contagious announce captain continue announcement carriage convenient antique cashier convergence anxiety catalogue converse anxious catechism convey apology celebrate courage appearance celery creature appetite changeable customer approve charity dahlia architect chief dangerous 48 FIFTH YEAR (Review or Difficult Words - - Continued) deceive foreigner innocent delicious fountain intelligent despise fuchsia interfere diameter geography interrupt different glazier interruption difficult governor isthmus digestible grief jealous digestion group journey disappoint guardian justice discipline guide lattice discourage gypsy lawyer disease handkerchief length divisible height leopard division hesitate librarian elephant hiccough library emergency hippopotamus license essence horror lieutenant examine hydrant liniment excellent imagine liquor exclamation imitate machinery exercise imitation machinist exhibition immense magazine expression impatient majority familiar important mandolin fashionable increase manufacturer faucet independent mechanic feminine initial melodeon foliage injurious memory FIFTH YEAR 4! (Review of Difficult Words - - Continued) menagerie permission regular messenger photograph rehearse microscope physician relief millinery pierce religious millionaire pleasant rhinoceros mischief pleasure rhubarb mischievous poisonous rhyme moisture porcelain roguish morsel porpoise salary mosquito positive sarsaparilla mucilage possible scenery multiplication poultice search murmur poultry seize musician prairie sensible necessary- praise sensitive nuisance precious separate obstinate preparation sergeant officer proceed service opinion professor session opposite psalm silesia orchestra punctual singeing palace pursue sirup parallel quarrel slaughter parcel quotient society particular raspberry solder passenger receive spectacle patient recognize speech pavilion regiment sphere rice's speller, , PT. II. — 4 50 FIFTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words - - Continued) spirit terrace valise stationery terrible vestibule statue territory victuals sturgeon therefore village success thoroughly violin superintendent tissue violoncello syllable tortoise wholly synagogue upholsterer zephyr telescope vaccinate 89 (Words Liable to be Mispronounced) * breadth f em' i nine or'-ehes tra buoy (bwoi) flo'ral o'ver ttire cho'ral guard'! an paTette cu'po la hearth per' fume digestible hie' cough (-kup) pi an'ist di ges'tion hos'tler (-ler) prog'ress di vis'i ble il lus'trate psalm due in quir'y tur'pen tine du'tiful i'o dine vi o Ion cel'lo jti've nile * The diacritical marks used are from Webster's International Dic- tionary. SIXTH YEAR 90 plural pronoun composition recitation vowel noun correction explanation consonant subject instruction examination article sentence education promotion educate • - education recite - recitation * density capacity- 91 exceed temple opaque possess extreme pledge condense la represent reverse 1 a masonic produce 1 a establish precise 92 inventive major contractor professor recollect minor sculptor notary reflect senior proprietor secretary realize la junior protector missionary 93 rejoice la region meridian abyss peril latitude tropical channel route longitude hurricane explore la tour thermometer volcano adventurous tourist * No comprehensive rule can be given for the spelling of words termi- nating with the sound shun, or zhun, hut the following will be of assist- ance : "When the verb ends in te, the termination has the sound shun, and is spelled tion. When the verb ends in de, the termination has the sound zhun, which is always spelled sion. 51 52 SIXTH YEAR 94 * rugged quaint rivulet struggle la ridge horizon + reservoir 1- principle natural picturesque suburban + entitle gorge mountainous + trestle treadle 95 thorax spleen lacquer marmalade trachea saliva oakum gelatine 1 vertebra fiber savory vermicelli sinew shell-lac beverage macaroni 96 (Eeview) abyss exceed peril reservoir adventurous explanation picturesque reverse beverage extreme possess secretary capacity lacquer precise thermometer condense missionary proprietor tourist education mountainous recitation trachea examination opaque recollect vertebra HOMONYMS root The root of a plant. earn To earn a living. route A traveler's route. urn A 3opper urn. principal The i principal thing. dough Knead the dough. principle A man of principle. doe The skin of a doe. Note. — The marks, la, 2 a, 3a, etc., indicate the rules on pages 127, 128, which should be studied in connection with these words, t This sign indicates words liable to be mispronounced. See page 66. SIXTH YEAR 53 97 sincere fidelity + intimacy partiality worthy equality familiarity idolize la genteel purity favored inspire la ideal sincerity indulge encourage 98 motor battery whirl + adapt valve magnetism lever aspire bicycle magnetize cylinder ridicule velocipede revolve register embarrass 99 marine yacht purser quay 1 navy barge mariner shoal shipping schooner steward shipwreck rigging admiral substitute perilous sloop pilot guest shatter lOO storage vintage parentage construct steerage pasturage mortgage skillful savage percentage undertake 1 a employee 1 " luggage cartilage accomplish industry HOMONYMS yolk The yolk of an egg. toe The big toe. yoke A yoke of oxen. tow To tow a boat. 54 SIXTH YEAR 101 royal dignity militia weapon scepter nation military blockade throne colony barrack patriot + reign borough uniform patriotism + national + capitol salute sacrifice + 102 Russian Indian czar f viscount + Roman Chinese emperor monarch European + Japanese viceroy sovereign French sultan marquis + majesty 103 (H .EVIKW) accomplish familiarity militia sincere bicycle guest monarch skillful borough idolize mortgage sovereign cylinder intimacy partiality steerage embarrass magnetize perilous substitute encourage majesty ridicule velocipede equality marquis sacrifice viscount European military scepter yacht HOMONYMS rain A shower of rain. broach To broach a subject. rein The horse's rein. brooch A diamond brooch. reign The king's reign. burrow To burrow a hole. raise Eaise the shade. borough They live ) in a borough. rays The sun's rays. thrown Thrown from a horse. raze To raze by fire. throne On the king's throne. SIXTH YEAR 55 104 access pillar indicator jugglery approach corridor chandelier mystery massive reflector chiffonier + bribery masonry refrigerator 105 lambrequin recovery growth commercial bargain deposit flourish manufacture auction + receipt merchandise product security treasury commerce purchase 106 partnership bankrupt wayward obstinacy scantily necessity venturesome persevere shabbily possibility abusive persistency paltry liberality profane haughtily severity festivity venture - venturesome 1 d haughty - haughtily 3a 107 chemist laudanum glycerine 1 " pumice prescribe magnesia ointment pomade science mercury phosphate vaccine vial quinine petroleum dissolve WOEDS PEONOUNCED ALMOST ALIKE vial A vial of medicine. capital A capital letter. viol A bass viol capitol The Capitol at Washington. / 56 SIXTH YEAR 108 alternate enumerate circulate narrate moderate estimate mutilate temperate considerate irritate investigate temporary emigrate perforate appreciate stationary indicate suffocate associate complimentary irritate - • irritation * suffocate 109 - suffocation* bazar curiosity contribute * treasurer purchase shield attribute coroner tapestry + squander distribute magistrate pedestal + forfeit constitute lecturer 110 (Review) access circulate lambrequin possibility appreciate commercial magistrate purchase approach curiosity merchandise receipt associate dissolve mystery refrigerator attribute flourish necessity science bazar forfeit obstinacy shield chandelier glycerine persevere suffocate chemist haughtily persistency treasury chiffonier irritate petroleum vaccine WORDS PRONOUNCED ALMOST ALIKE stationery A stationery store stationary To be stationary. * See footnote, p. 51 dessert A pie for dessert, desert To desert a friend. SIXTH YEAR 57 111 lengthy manual original tableau narrative extract theatrical comedy pamphlet criticise poetical troupe journal genius amateur audience 112 dominion signify attitude + pretense frontier notify gratitude + secrete * a precinct denial determine r a concrete community explicit comprehend random 113 swindler counterfeit loneliness Za juror conceal detective captivity justice secrecy pursuit dingy condemn shrewd hastily Sa dungeon guilty scheme cowardice + impartial penalty 114 hovel + dispensary surgery energetic tenement infirmary penitentiary moral hospital f fishery colliery staid asylum refinery energy steadily 3 " HOMONYMS troop A troop of soldiers. peer To peer over a fence. troupe An opera troupe. pier The boat at the pier. 58 SIXTH YEAR 115 convention imposition inflection inspection disposition inclination infliction perspiration f distinction notation perfection plantation exhaustion variation inscription prescription fiction infection ] insertion L16 production chemistry scientific solar peculiar physiology photography 1 popular apparel biography + telegraphy similar sorrel physics hygiene + muscular shrivel 117 (Review) amateur cowardice justice pretense asylum criticise narrative pursuit audience dispensary pamphlet refinery biography dungeon peculiar scheme chemistry exhaustion penitentiary scientific community explicit perspiration secrecy conceal frontier photography secrete concrete hospital physics tableau condemn hygiene physiology telegraphy counterfeit impartial prescription tenement HOMONYMS loan The loan of a book. told He told me so. lone A lone house. tolled The bells tolled. SIXTH YEAR 59 118 gradual cannibal eternal auctioneer + special critical sheriff optician refusal la external squire surgeon approval 1 " 1 internal overseer 119 magician abundant tenant acceptance acquire la fragrant endurance + allowance suggest brilliant temperance performance relieve indignant disturbance repentance 120 relapse compliment movement settlement encouragement engagement installment managemeni i judgment entertainment nourishment amazement merriment 3rt imprisonment inducement + measurement encourage - encouragement 1 d j udg€ 121 j - judgment 16 ridiculous famous pious tedious fibrous numerous contagious bilious boisterous tremendous infectious melodious enormous previous industrious HOMONYMS rote To learn by rote. hew To hew a tree. wrote He wrote a letter. hue A yellow hue. 60 SIXTH YEAR 122 accurate knowledge profession liable regularity degree capable favorable satisfactory diploma charitable inflammable standard certificate considerable palatable la 123 insanity epidemic pneumonia neuralgia + lunacy dyspepsia + tonsilitis + infirmity plague inflammatory bronchitis + soothe famine rheumatism asthma remedy 124 (Review) accurate disturbance nourishment remedy acquire dyspepsia optician rheumatism asthma engagement palatable ridiculous auctioneer infectious performance satisfactory brilliant inflammable plague she r iff bronchitis judgment pneumonia special capable knowledge profession suggest certificate magician regularity surgeon charitable measurement relapse temperance contagious neuralgia relieve tonsilitis HOMONYMS beach Sand on the beach. cruel A cruel boy. beech A beech tree. crewel A ball of crewel. SIXTH YEAR 61 125 adjunct neuter preposition intellect phrase syntax participle character clause possessive instructive conscience method objective scholarship distinguish system monosyllable thoughtful meritorious 126 numeral + horizontal confession extension numerical ' } spherical impression provision* decimal octagonal possession collision * integer circumference succession occasion 127 confident lenient incident interference persistent sufficient reference violence evident deficient preference consequence insolent magnificent experience presence indulgent impertinent independence : influence + refer - reference 26 prefer - preference 26 128 outrageous sculpture courageous structure ferocious inclosure conscious departure outrage - outrageous exposure agriculture temperature pressure gesture leisure + pasture signature courage - courageous See footnote, page 51. 62 SIXTH YEAR 129 pronunciation + obligation temptation legible protection revolution partition visible recollection satisfaction proportion responsible repetition suggestion assertion permissible starvation adoption 130 usage adjust moreover henceforth accustom fatigue whereas hitherto civil exhaust wherefore i nevertheless civilize languid withhold fatigue - fatiguing * 6 131 (Review) consequently assertion fatigue pressure character ferocious pronunciation circumference independence provision civilize intellect recollection collision interference reference conscience legible repetition conscious leisure responsible consequence meritorious signature courageous monosyllable spherical deficient occasion succession distinguish. outrageous sufficient exhaust permissible suggestion experience possession visible SIXTH YEAR 61 132 (Review of Difficult Words) abscess architect circular abyss arrange circumference access assistance civilize accident associate clothier accomplish assure collision accordion asylum cologne accurate atmosphere commercial accuse auctioneer committee acquaintance baggage community acquire behavior conceal acute biscuit conceit admission breadth conscience admittance brilliant conscious adventurous bruise contagious alcohol buoy conveyance alligator cantaloupe counterfeit amateur carriage courageous ambitious cashier cowardice ammonia catechism criticise ancient certificate curiosity announcement chandelier cylinder anxiety changeable deceive anxious character decision apology charity deficient appearance chemistry delicious appetite chiffonier diameter appreciate cinnamon different 64 SIXTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words — • Continued) difficult flourish interruption digestible foreign intimacy digestion forfeit irritate disappoint frontier jealous discipline fuchsia journey disease glazier judgment dispensary glycerine knowledge distinguish grief legible divisible group leisure dungeon guardian length dyspepsia guest library embarrass height license essence horror lieutenant excellent hospital liniment exclamation hygiene liquor exercise idolize machinery exhaustion imagine magazine exhibition imitation magnetize experience immense manufacture explanation impartial mechanic explicit important melodeon expression independence merchandise familiarity infectious messenger fashionable inflammable microscope fatigue injurious military faucet innocent militia feminine intelligent millinery ferocious interfere mischievous SIXTH YEAR 65 (Eeview of Difficult Words — - Continued) moisture persevere rehearse mortgage petroleum relieve mosquito photography religious mountainous physician repetition mucilage physics reservoir necessary physiology responsible neuralgia pleasure rheumatism nourishment pneumonia ridiculous nuisance porcelain sacrifice obstinacy possession scenery occasion possibility scheme officer poultice science opposite prairie secrecy optician precious secretary orchestra preparation sensible outrageous pretense separate palatable profession sergeant parallel pronunciation silesia partiality proprietor sincere particular punctual society passenger pursuit soldier patient receipt sovereign pavilion receive special peculiar recognize spectacle penitentiary recollect spherical perilous reference sturgeon permissible refrigerator succession permission regular sufficient bice's speller, PT. II. — 5 66 SIXTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words — Continued) suffocate therefore vaccinate suggestion thermometer valise superintendent thoroughly victuals surgeon tonsil itis village synagogue tortoise violoncello tableau trachea visible temperance treasury yacht terrible upholsterer zephyr 133 (Words Liable to be Mispronounced) * at'ti tude auc'tion auc tion eer' biog'raphy bron chi'tis chif fo nier' cow'ard ice czar (zar) dys pep' si a em ploy ee' en dur'ance Eu ro pe'an fidel'ity gel' a tme glyc'er me grat'i ttide ho ri'zon hos'pi tal hov'el hy'gi ene in duce'ment in'M ence lei' sure pa'tri ot pa'tri ot ism ped'es tal per spi ra'tion pho tog'ra phy pro nun ci a' tion quay (ke) res'er voir (-vwor) mar'quis (-kwis) sac'rifice (-fiz) moun'tam ous sub ur'ban na'tion al neu ral'gi a nu'mer al numer'ic al par'ent age tap'es try ton sil l'tis vis' count (vi') whirl *The diacritical marks used are from Webster's International Dic- tionary. SEVENTH YEAR 134 mercantile + crinoline tier canopy traffic eider crescent buttress chenille frieze trellis exterior chinchilla bombazine turret interior corduroy raiment balustrade splendor 135 criminal congenial identical pictorial beneficial terminal methodical interval social disposal trivial renewal + confidential revival centennial universal financial + classical intellectual nautical 136 tyrant martyr suicide plead refuge treaty decease fusee + fusillade scabbard bayonet tomahawk warrant lynch massacre cutlass summon seizure pillory compulsory sheath sheathe epaulet gauntlet t This sign 89, 90. indicates words liable to be mispronounced. See pages 67 68 SEVENTH YEAR 137 chaplain religion Jesuit Methodist curate Christian Protestant Puritan vicar f Christianity Episcopal Quaker friar Catholic Lutheran monastery clerical Israelite Presbyterian mosque 138 absorption corporation constitution administration contraction construction annexation corruption expedition application combination expiration 1 " attraction conjunction formation benediction declaration fortification expedite - expedition constitute 139 ) - constitution * Malaga siphon edition illustrious Catawba tierce friction continuous * b flagon ocher function laborious carafe caraway eruption farinaceous nectar cayenne duration advantageous lc distill chicory desertion luscious WORDS PRONOUNCED ALMOST ALIKE dual A dual meaning. pistol A loaded pistol. pistil The pistil of a flower duel They fought a duel. * See note (1), opposite page. SEVENTH YEAR 69 140 (Review) advantageous corduroy intellectual bayonet corporation Israelite beneficial crescent laborious carafe crinoline luscious cayenne declaration martyr centennial epaulet massacre chaplain eruption mercantile chenille expedition Presbyterian chicory expiration religion Christian farinaceous seizure clerical financial siphon confidential frieze suicide continuous illustrious HOMONYMS tierce tear A tear in the eye. clause A clause in a sentence. tier A tier of seats. claws The cat's claws. gait A rapid gait. ]eaf A leaf of a tree. gate The garden gate. lief I had as lief. freeze Freeze the cream. links The links of a chain. frieze A marble frieze. lynx A fierce lynx. Note. — (1) No comprehensive rule can be given for the spelling of words terminating with the sound shun, or zhun, but the following will be of assistance : When the verb ends in te, the termination has the sound shun, and is spelled tion. When the verb ends in de, the termi- nation has the sound zhun, which is always spelled sion. (2) The marks, 1 a, 2 a, 3a, etc., indicate the rules on pages 127, 128, which should be studied in connection with these words. 70 SEVENTH YEAR 141 tributary fertile yield survey stagnant fertility windlass scenic cleanse la verdure scythe fossilise purify lichen drought authorize immerse 1 a cereal explore execute survey - surveyed 30 execute - 142 execution * aquatic element floe ballast aqueduct equinox iceberg gondolier squall equinoctial + hawser commodore whirlpool cruise squadron boatswain + whirlwind regatta frigate 143 coxswain + abbreviate evaporate congregate acclimate + speculate necessitate accumulate stimulate illuminate + anticipate irrigate accommodate aggravate nominate communicate fascinate exaggerate demonstrate generate consulate gravitate germinate evacuate initiate abbreviate - abbreviation * illuminate - illumination* See note (1), on page SEVENTH YEAR i 144 avalanche precipice effervesce expire cataract ravine ferment diminish canyon bowlder gaseous * decrease chasm glacier collide descend copse promontory collapse descent crevice hemisphere extinguish recede 71 145 scientist attorney + courier obstacle oculist notary financier gamble artisan referee prophet resemble historian consul peasant miracle electrician politician yeoman scruple grammarian commissioner apprentice soluble lyceum f seminary observatory university academy sanitarium reformatory aquarium 146 emporium conservatory laboratory + dormitory distillery edifice hostelry + manufactory restaurant f architecture malicious suspicious vicious virtuous 1 & contemptuous conscientious * Derivatives of the word " gas " are exceptions to rule 2 a. 72 SEVENTH YEAR 147 (Review) abbreviate descend illuminate academy distillery immerse accommodate drought initiate accumulate edifice irrigate anticipate effervesce malicious apprentice electrician necessitate aqueduct element obstacle architecture equinoctial politician boatswain evaporate precipice cataract exaggerate promontory chasm extinguish recede commissioner fascinate scientist communicate financier scythe conscientious fossilize survey crevice gaseous suspicious cruise hemisphere HOMONYMS vicious flow The flow of water. flee To flee from danger. floe An ice floe. flea A flea-bite. bridle The horse's bridle. plain A plain dress. bridal A bridal party. plane To plane a board. crews The crews on boats. time To be in time. cruise A pleasant cruise. thyme Seasoned with thyme. hail A shower of hail. but Loud but sweet sounds. hale A hale old man. butt The butt end. SEVENTH YEAR 73 148 embassy publicity alien compete politics policy interpret challenge canvass oratory qualify adjourn legislature oratorical plurality disperse parliament naturalize opponent + compromise 149 scroll autograph souvenir counsel petition testimonial bulletin resign response acknowledge schedule release comment memorandum calendar prevail correspond lithograph divert + redeem recommend electrotype entice suspense 150 haughtily fiery deign subdue + irritable wrath beseech anguish merciless resolute appease aghast eccentric tyrannize condescend appall dissatisfied peculiarity intensity torture superstitious determined emphasize despair mercy - merciless 3a subdue - subduing 16 HOMONYMS bad A bad boy. bread A loaf of bread. bade I bade him go. bred A well-bred person. 74 SEVENTH YEAR 151 nutrition rotation solution execution opposition secretion conviction prediction mensuration projection deception prevention intoxication proposition detention resolution observation recreation superstition valuation obstruction reputation destination subscription intoxicate - - intoxication secrete - - secretion* 152 corps artillery conquest ensign siege cavalry conquer hussar garrison maneuver assault brigadier arsenal campaign acquit dragoon sentinel skirmish barbarian r corporal ammunition rebellious marshal grenadier 153 adhesion * dimension + secession persuasion convulsion exclusion conclusion precision commission expansion decision suspension compassion invasion omission tension compulsion discussion immersion version declension procession intrusion diversion + exclude - exclusion * decide - decision* * See note ( ;i), page 69. SEVENTH YEAR 75 154 (Review) acknowledge dissatisfied peculiarity aghast eccentric petition ammunition emphasize procession artillery execution proposition autograph fiery rebellious barbarian intoxication recommend bulletin irritable schedule campaign legislature secession commission lithograph siege compromise maneuver souvenir compulsion massacre superstitious condescend memorandum suspense correspond naturalize suspension deign omission tension dimension opposition testimonial discussion parliament HOMONYMS tyrannize canvas A canvas bag. might With all his might. canvass Canvass for votes. mite A mite of bread. calendar A yearly calendar. core The core of an apple. calender The calender in a corps A corps of soldiers. paper i Factory. read Eead the book. hoard To hoard money. reed A broken reed. horde A horde of savages. ruff A high ruff. nay To say nay. rough A rough edge. neigh Horses neigh. 76 SEVENTH YEAR 155 fraternal horticultural supplement maternal agricultural colonial paternal economical sediment parental tyrannical + nutriment mutual inaugural f federal individual presidential accompaniment industrial international + acknowledgment accompany - accompaniment 3 * acknowledge - acknowledgment 16 156 literary comedian charade encore + manuscript pugilist pantomime enthusiasm copyright champion panorama sufficiency playwright tragedy carnival expectancy celebrity burlesque matinee 1 " hesitancy tragedian parody applause 157 frequency finance + bullion economize fawn resource guarantee thrifty chamois 1 " tariff indorse chattel pheasant revenue certify foreclose mustang specie enterprise foreclosure hippodrome coupon + economy expenditure SEVENTH YEAR 77 158 ambassador orator surveyor debtor conqueror editor ancestor creditor warrior educator dictator traitor legislator navigator spectator superior executor operator survivor inferior proprietor supervisor successor factor 159 camomile chloroform strychnine + capsule myrrh creosote potassium troche + paregoric vitriol sulphur naphtha opiate antidote phosphate formula morphine quassia tincture dispense ether antimony antiseptic liquefy 160 corrupt ferocity offense secede enmity hostile suspicion fortify treason malice rebellion barrier treachery villain volunteer trophy dishonesty conspiracy revolutionary triumph HOMONYMS sell To sell goods. climb To climb a tree. cell A ] orison cell. clime A sunny clime. 78 SEVENTH YEAR 161 (Review) accompaniment enthusiasm proprietor acknowledgment expectancy secede ambassador ferocity specie antiseptic foreclosure strychnine applause guarantee successor burlesque inaugural sufficiency camomile liquefy supplement celebrity mutual suspicion chamois myrrh tincture charade naphtha tragedy chloroform panorama traitor conspiracy pantomime treachery creosote paregoric tyrannical economical parody villain economize playwright volunteer enterprise presidential HOMONYMS warrior sleigh A sleigh ride mussel Shell of a mnssel. slay To slay in battle. muscle A strong muscle. stake A pointed stake. pray To pray in church. Steak A broiled steak. prey A bird of prey. knave Cheated by a knave. gilt A gilt frame. nave The nave of \ i church. guilt To confess guilt. surf A bath in the surf. base A broad base. serf The serf was freed. bass A bass voice. SEVENTH YEAR 79 162 » accountant observant utterance cuticle applicant resistant appliance retina extravagant contrivance importance larynx emigrant inheritance diaphragm abdominal immigrant resemblance appendix physical incessant countenance ligament observe - observant la contrive - contrivance 1 a 163 cameo onyx quartz morocco agate carat calcium pewter amethyst turquoise + veneer granite sapphire miniature gutta-percha quarry filigree medallion majolica isinglass enamel gypsum mahogany anthracite 164 ability accuracy develop virtue legibility fluency routine career encyclopedia enlighten languid device elementary supervise dilatory devise intermediate supervision wearisome prodigy preparatory faculty illiterate integrity weary - wearisome Sa virtue - virtuous 1 b 80 SEVENTH YEAR 165 probability incident transparent 1 " absurdity effervescent turbulent similarity equivalent apparent + originality incandescent evidence benevolent intermittent abstinence convalescent permanent benevolence dependent prominent 166 correspondence hawthorn sumac calyx mistletoe verbena cypress horticulture anemone + sycamore camellia hyacinth wistaria gladiole oleander chameleon hydrangea jasmine chrysalis chrysanthemum mignonette 167 capillary anniversary courteous + gayety ceremony courtesy + frivolity etiquette flattery delicacy solemnity dignified fraternity sociable serene apologize hospitality amiable sympathize hospitable + luxury sympathetic responsibility generosity explanatory SEVENTH YEAR 81 168 (Review) abstinence courteous incandescent accuracy courtesy incessant amethyst cuticle isinglass anniversary develop larynx anthracite diaphragm legibility apologize effervescent mahogany apparent emigrant medallion camellia encyclopedia mignonette capillary equivalent originality ceremony etiquette physical chameleon explanatory preparatory chfysalis extravagant probability chrysanthemum gayety responsibility convalescent illiterate sapphire correspondence immigrant supervision countenance importance HOMONYMS sympathize sear To sear the skin. minor A minor matter. seer Foretold by a seer. miner A coal miner. air Fresh air. metal A valuable metal. heir An heir to s k throne. mettle A man of mettle. ere We shall go ere long. you Will you go ? quarts Two quarts of milk. ewe A ewe lamb. quartz A vein of quartz. yew A yew tree. lesson An easy lesson. plum A ripe plum. lessen The pain will lessen. plumb A plumb line. bice's speller, PT. II. 5 82 SEVENTH YEAR albuminous bituminous monstrous carnivorous barbarous treacherous 169 marvelous dutiable joyous 00 frivolous humorous anonymous unanimous service -serviceable 10 manage - manageable 10 enviable imaginable innumerable manageable serviceable noticeable salable variable available estimable receivable notice - noticeable 10 sale - salable *■ a 170 oxygen hydrogen hydraulic elasticity nitrogen chemical mechanism flexibility barometer utensil oxidize fragile chronometer apparatus + petrify original stereopticon receptacle fossil artificial phonograph artesian crystallize * genuine r 171 conical diagonal radius penetrate oblique quadrant pyramid elaborate obtuse trapezium symmetry appropriate cylindrical hexagon desolate desperate equilateral isosceles vegetate calculate perpendicular geometrical interrogate * Exception to rule 2 a. SEVENTH YEAR 83 172 fugitive excessive flexible representative exhaustive forcible comparative persuasive illegible imaginative successive insensible inquisitive suggestive invisible progressive negative intelligible decisive corruptible 173 contemptible allopathic fracture apoplexy homeopathic + sciatica paralysis sanitary eczema + paralyze specialty hemorrhage influenza surgical erysipelas jaundice quarantine hydrophobia pleurisy malady epilepsy 174 orthography mythology stenography 1 " etymology zoology + phonography phonics phrenology analyze anatomy pneumatics analysis astronomy mathematics parenthesis geology algebra apostrophe geometry literature synopsis mineralogy electricity f synonym 84 SEVENTH YEAR 175 (Review) albuminous electricity noticeable allopathic epilepsy oxidize analysis equilateral paralysis analyze erysipelas paralyze anonymous excessive penetrate apoplexy flexibility pleurisy apparatus flexible pneumatics appropriate forcible quarantine artificial fugitive receptacle barbarous hemorrhage salable chemical homeopathic sciatica chronometer hydrophobia stereopticon comparative illegible successive contemptible innumerable suggestive corruptible intelligible symmetry crystallize isosceles synonym cylindrical manageable treacherous decisive marvelous zoology WORDS PRONOUNCED ALMOST ALIKE profit To sell at a profit, prophet A weather prophet. barren The soil is barren. A German baron. palate The palate bone, palette An artist's palette. council To hold a council, counsel To give counsel. gamble To gamble at cards. gambol To gambol on the grass. baron carrot carat A boiled carrot. It weighs a carat. SEVENTH YEAR 85 176 (Review of Difficult abbreviate abscess abstinence abyss academy accident accommodate accompaniment accordion accumulate accuracy acknowledgment admission advantageous adventurous albuminous alcohol allopathic amateur ambassador ambitious amethyst ammunition analyze anniversary anonymous anthracite antiseptic anxiety apologize apoplexy apparatus apparent appearance appetite appreciate apprentice appropriate aqueduct artificial artillery associate asylum barbarous bayonet behavior beneficial camellia camomile campaign cantaloupe capillary centennial ceremony Words) chameleon chamois chandelier character chemical chemistry chenille chicory chiffonier chloroform chronometer chrysalis chrysanthemum cinnamon circumference civilize cologne commercial commission committee communicate comparative compulsion condescend confidential conscience conscientious 86 SEVENTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words — Continued) conscious discipline expression contagious V discussion extravagant contemptible Y dissatisfied familiarity convalescent distillery farinaceous conveyance distinguish fascinate correspondence divisible fashionable corruptible dyspepsia fatigue countenance eccentric ferocious counterfeit economize financial courageous effervescent financier courteous electrician flexibility crescent electricity forcible criticise embarrass foreclosure cruise emigrant forfeit crystallize emphasize fossilize curiosity encyclopedia gayety cylindrical enterprise gaseous decisive equilateral glycerine deficient equinoctial guarantee delicious equivalent guardian descend erysipelas hemisphere develop evaporate hemorrhage diameter exaggerate hiccough diaphragm exhaustion homeopathic different exhibition hospital digestible expedition hydrophobia dimension explanation hygiene disappoint explicit illegible SEVENTH YEAR 87 (Review of Difficult Words — • Continued) illiterate legible mortgage illuminate legislature mosquito illustrious leisure mountainous imagine library mucilage imitation/ immense license y lieutenant murmur musician immigrant liniment mutual impartial liquefy myrrh importance luscious naphtha inaugural machinery naturalize incandescent magician necessary incessant magnetize necessitate independence mahogany neuralgia infectious malicious noticeable inflammably manageaKLe nourishment initiate maneuver nuisance innocent martyr obstacle innumerable marvelous obstinacy intellectual massacre occasion intelligent medallion officer intelligible melodeon omission intoxication memorandum opposite irrigate merchandise optician irritable mignonette orchestra isosceles military outrageous judgment militia oxidize laborious millinery palatable larynx mischievous parallel 88 SEVENTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words — • Continued) paralysis poultice sacrifice paralyze precious salable parliament precipice sapphire parody preparation schedule partiality presidential scheme particular pretense sciatica patient procession science pavilion profession secede peculiar promontory secession penitentiary pronunciation secrecy perilous proprietor secretary permissible pursuit seizure permission quarantine sensible persevere rebellious separate perspiration recede sergeant petition receptacle siege petroleum recognize silesia photography recollect sincere physical recommend society physician reference soldier physiology refrigerator souvenir pleurisy regular sovereign pneumatics religious specie pneumonia repetition spherical politician reservoir stereopticon porcelain responsibility strychnine possession rheumatism succession possibility ridiculous sufficient SEVENTH YEAR i (Review or Difficult Words — Continued) suffocate sympathize upholsterer suggestion synonym vaccinate suicide tension valise superintendent therefore vicious superstitious thermometer victuals supervision thoroughly villain supplement tonsilitis violoncello surgeon tortoise visible survey trachea volunteer suspense tragedy warrior suspension traitor yacht suspicion treacherous zephyr suspicious treasury zoology symmetry tyrannize 89 177 (Words Liable to be Mispronounced) * ac cli'mate a nem'o ne ap pa ra'tus ap par'ent at tor'ney (-tur') bar ba'ri an boat' swain cham'ois (sham' my) cou pon course ous court' e sy cox' swain dimension di ver'sion di vert' ec' ze ma e lee tric'i ty en core' (ax-) e qui noc'tial expiration f 1 nance' fi nan'cial fu see' gen'u. me * The diacritical marks used are from Webster's International Dic- tionary. 90 SEVENTH YEAR (Words Liable to be Mispronounced — Continued) ho me o path'ic mat i nee' (na') trans par'ent hos'pi ta ble mer'can tile tro'che (-ke) hos'tel ry op po'nent tur quoise' (koiz') il lu'mi nate re new'al ty ran'nic al in au'gii ral res'tau rant vic'ar in ter nation al ste nog'ra phy zo 6To gy lab' 6 ra to ry strych'nme ly ce'um sub due' EIGHTH YEAR 178 aggregate approximate delegate isolate + arbitrate contaminate adequate lubricate captivate desecrate devastate + manipulate concentrate designate fluctuate meditate dedicate facilitate inebriate participate agitate deliberate subordinate perpetrate aggregate - aggregation * arbitrate - arbitration * 179 obscure manifest impede cleanse la subtle ascertain ignite converge vague solicit transpire diverge + suppress perceive 1 * precede dilate specify conceive allege + rectify lucid achieve assume relinquish 180 abominable indescribable intolerable portable creditable adaptable lamentable venerable deplorable indispensable parable pliable formidable + inevitable laudable pitiable 3a habitable inseparable memorable malleable * See note (1) i, page 69. t This sign indicates words liable to be mispronounced. See pages 114, 115. 91 92 EIGHTH YEAR 181 revise traverse interpose prophecy + adverse excise fantasy prophesy + appraise immerse heresy heritage incense adipose autopsy equipage inverse improvise controversy hermitage traverse - traversing : a 182 adversary 1 * obituary obvious emissary statuary serious arbitrary veterinary 1 " ravenous honorary vocabulary grievous mercenary voluntary vigorous hereditary auxiliary amphibious judiciary infamous 1 " promiscuous f incendiary monotonous synonymous 183 feud colonize la persecute 1 a vanquish warfare oppress furlough sterling mutiny intercede organize steadfast volunteer intercept besiege tenacity musketeer intervene battalion sturdy mutineer neutrality barricade stalwart The marks, la, 2 a, 3a, etc., indicate the rules on pages 127, 128, which should be studied in connection with these words. EIGHTH YEAR 93 achieve aggregate agitate allege amphibious appraise approximate ascertain auxiliary barricade battalion besiege colonize conceive controversy dedicate 184 (Review) delegate desecrate emissary equipage furlough grievous hereditary heresy impede improvise incense indispensable inseparable intercede intervene judiciary malleable monotonous neutrality organize perceive persecute precede prophecy prophesy ravenous serious synonymous tenacity veterinary voluntary volunteer HOMONYMS sight The ship is in sight. lean To lean on a cane. site The site of a house. lien A lien on a house. cite To cite an example. feet Three feet in a yard done What have you done ? feat A difficult feat. dun To dun for a debt. sweet Sugar is sweet. mean What do you mean ? suite A suite of rooms. mien A noble mien. rest To take a rest. throws He throws a ball. wrest To wrest by force. throes The throes of death. 94 EIGHTH YEAR 185 assessor competitor conspirator fissure auditor contributor caricature ) rapture counselor compositor garniture stature solicitor oppressor censure texture chancellor impostor composure aperture — T86 accusation persecution assumption complication * substitution declamation contortion recognition ♦ acquisition combustion * equation f destitution commotion competition injunction conception civilization confederation congestion -consolidation ' interpretation prosecution constellation prosecute - prosecution * substitute - substitution * complicate - complication * 187 homicide * indict assassin insurgent parole stiletto + condemn victim vagabond guillotine bailiff liability deficit 1 " assess assignee f consign consignee bequeath bequest annuity See note (1), page 69. EIGHTH YEAR 95 188 adherent competent consequent eloquent subsequent provident fraudulent imminent inherent + prevalent infer - inferring 2 * confer - conferring 2 a recipient ingredient efficient proficient inference reverence divergence + occurrence 2 ' conference coincidence infer - inference 2& confer - conference 26 189 custodian obsolete electrify volatile + antiquarian predecessor pacify infantile laureate metaphysics rarefy requisite surrogate orthodoxy intensify infinite syndicate + philanthropy + reconcile exquisite 190 achievement audible visible aerial 1 " assessment credible plausible colossal consignment eligible reversible neutral impediment indelible upheaval influential temperament predicament optional superficial indictment presentiment essential acquittal * achieve - achieving la achieve - achievement 1 ^ * Acquittal is no exception to rule 2 a, as u here has the sound of w. yd 96 EIGHTH YEAR *lf& 191 (Review) accusation counselor interpretation acquisition declamation metaphysics aerial deficit obsolete annuity efficient occurrence aperture eligible philanthropy assassin essential predecessor assessor exquisite presentiment assignee fissure prevalent assumption guillotine rarefy chancellor homicide recipient civilization imminent reconcile coincidence impostor requisite competition indelible reversible competitor indictment solicitor conspirator influential superficial constellation intensify HOMONYMS visible pole A flag pole. ought We ought to do right. poll To poll votes. aught For aught I know. load A load of hay session School is in session. lode A rich lode. cession The cession of land. tear To tear paper pendant A diamond pendant. tare Allowance for tare. pendent A pendent locket. scull To scull a boat. breach A breach of trust. skull A human skull. breech The breech of a gun. 9 7. EIGHTH YEAR 97 myriad contour minimum maximum herbarium compendium phenomenon 192 unique supreme circuit pedestrian equestrian gymnastics gymnasium agile trapeze bowling billiards wrestling calisthenics accelerate * alienate enumerate culminate coagulate exhilarate incorporate procrastinate 193 ultimate vitiate obviate prolongate reciprocate scintillate fastidious commodious copious fictitious victorious 3a oblivious obnoxious precocious pretentious presumptuous f melancholy + symptom insomnia bronchial delirium cerebral + hypnotic medicinal mesmerize hydropathy I 194 hygienic + charlatan pharmacist antiseptic anodyne chloral swnulant astringent cauterize belladonna * See note (1), page 69. rice's speller, pt. ii. — 7 98 EIGHTH YEAR 195 obscurity simplicity mobility civility identity popularity maturity cordiality capability tranquillity * impunity vicinity superiority perplexity commodity velocity veracity dexterity opportunity propriety uniformity enormity extremity hilarity ^^~~ 196 lyric jubilee + ocular effigy rhythm prologue + y ' wizard 4 graphic symphony libretto / /phantom disguise serenade acoustic/ 4inguist grotesque masquerade harmonize ventriloquist spectacular 197 pliant tolerant sustenance pendant luxuriant maintenance + flagrant defiance Sa penance descendant allegiance alliance triumphant reliance Sa substance insignificant pittance grievance arrogant assurance 1 a guidance 1 " 1 petulant vengeance * Exception to rule 2 a~ perseverance EIGHTH YEAR accelerate acoustic allegiance alliance anodyne assurance billiards calisthenics capability cauterize charlatan circuit civility commodious delirium descendant / 198 (Review) disguise exhilarate fictitious gymnastics harmonize hydropathy hygienic hypnotic luxuriant maintenance masquerade medicinal melancholy obnoxious opportunity perseverance HOMONYMS cannon canon draught draft right write wright rite The roar of a cannon. The canon of a church. To be in a draught. To pay a draft. The right way. To write a letter. A wheelwright. A religious rite. ascent assent shear sheer veil vale slight sleight phenomenon precocious presumptuous pretentious reciprocate rhythm scintillate serenade simplicity sustenance symphony symptom tranquillity vengeance ventriloquist vitiate A swift ascent. To assent to a plan. To shear sheep. A sheer muslin. A lace veil. A quiet vale. A slight error. By sleight of hand. 100 EIGHTH YEAR 199 issue fulfill overwhelm sinecure + arraign elapse coincide codicil chagrin concise reprimand memoir succumb construe procedure specific convene maintain + aptitude recompense accompany endeavor privilege characteristic issue - issuing 1 b construe - construing 15 intuition collation discretion exemption apparition acclamation litigation preservation 200 resurrection retention retribution revelation supposition audacity complicity duplicity indemnity longevity parity piety reciprocity + sensibility proximity municipality 201 practitioner prejudice philosopher populace astrologer caprice parishioner excelsior accomplice languor variegated 1 " asphyxiate pallor aerate prior exhale stupor complexion mulatto respiratory EIGHTH YEAR 101 202 delusion profusion incision expulsion allusion conversion oppression illusion ascension contusion persuasion suppression comprehension concussion abrasion accession condescension depression aversion concession delude - delusion * persuade - persuasion * 203 justifiable conservative oracle negotiable repulsive righteous reputable + psychology osseous antagonize meteorology aqueous + characterize philology herbaceous neutralize allegory simultaneous f aggressive repertory instantaneous conducive pinnacle miscellaneous 204 «aste chivalry perjury socialism nobility gallantry infamy destiny monarchy gentility intrigue penniless aristocrat dauphin notoriety destitute imperial cavalier felony adversity romantic chevalier + anarchy vagrancy * See note (1) , page 69. 102 EIGHTH YEAR accession acclamation accompany accomplice adversity aerate aggressive allegory antagonize apparition aqueous arraign ascension asphyxiate characteristic chevalier codicil coincide 205 (Review) concession concussion condescension construe endeavor excelsior exemption expulsion fulfill herbaceous instantaneous justifiable maintain miscellaneous negotiable neutralize notoriety oppression osseous parishioner prejudice privilege procedure psychology reciprocity recompense respiratory resurrection revelation righteous sensibility simultaneous succumb supposition suppression variegated WORDS PRONOUNCED ALMOST ALIKE serial A serial story, cereal Wheat is a cereal. symbols Symbols of courage, cymbals To play the cymbals. idyl He wrote an idyl. idol To worship an idol. compliment To pay a compliment, complement A complement of men. levy levee To levy a tax. To build a levee. EIGHTH YEAR 103 206 oriental official credential gladiator continental provincial substantial athlete periodical judicial adjutant domineer perennial memorial defendant absolute municipal + symmetrical mendicant 207 mammoth sepulcher mystic annals gigantic + antediluvian 1 casino patriarch statuesque antiquity spectral Vatican statuette antiquated crypt Coliseum mausoleum emblematic sphinx 208 symbolic ludicrous antecedent recurrence 2a luminous belligerent subsistence miraculous omnipotent temporary omnivorous reticent + preliminary preposterous succulent pulmonary resinous transient sanguinary scrupulous phosphorescent supplementary venomous reminiscence HOMONYMS parliamentary moat A wide moat. rye A field of rye. mote A mote in the eye. wry A wry face. 104 EIGHTH YEAR 209 satellite ossify membrane vehicle meteor corrode cranium chaise lodestone paraffine pique chariot graphite epidermis antipathy brougham stalactite corpuscle postilion barouche 210 cynical radical habitual radiant logical typical perpetual significant nominal ethical effectual coercion martial prodigal contestant evasion* incidental remedial reluctant diversion ceremonial rhythmical vigilant revision 211 aristocracy consistency monotony democracy clemency matrimony + diplomacy deficiency accessory confederacy efficiency contradictory supremacy proficiency peremptory brilliancy piracy promissory buoyancy + bankruptcy interrogatory constancy monotone * See note (1), page 69. declamatory EIGHTH YEAR 105 212 (Review) accessory effectual reminiscence antecedent efficiency rhythmical antediluvian gigantic sanguinary barouche judicial satellite belligerent mausoleum sepulcher brilliancy miraculous significant buoyancy municipal stalactite ceremonial official substantial coercion ossify succulent Coliseum paraffin e supplementary confederacy periodical symbolic consistency phosphorescent symmetrical corpuscle postilion transient cynical preliminary typical defendant promissory vehicle deficiency recurrence HOMONYMS venomous marshal Marshal of the field. feign To feign sickness. martial A martial nation. fane To worship at a fane. radical A radical change. fain He would fain do it radicle The radicle of a plant. peak Ar dgh peak. maze Lost in a maze. pique To act from pique. maize A field of maize. ark Noah's ark. ode An ode to the moon. arc The arc of a circle. owed He owed ten dollars. 106 EIGHTH YEAR 213 scholastic theorize sterilize rhetoric philosophize ■utilize technical systematize defaulter technicality patronize usurer theory monopoly plaintiff theoretical monopolize client generality demoralize prosecute generalize dramatize testimony f 214 satiate negotiate submissive alleviate officiate corrosive assimilate precipitate offensive collegiate abdicate oppressive confederate advocate competitive intricate incentive preventative humiliate appreciative perspective predominate demonstrative 215 consecutive theological apostle fanaticism divine theology deity heretic f divinity doctrine parochial hypocrite surplice sectarian celestial humility orthodox disciple idolatry millennium tabernacle EIGHTH YEAR 107 216 abstemious + harmonious hilarious notorious delirious mysterious luxurious ingenious + capacious + officious tenacious + capricious veracious T unconscious gratuitous disastrous conspicuous superfluous + impervious judicious callous dexterous impetuous populous 217 protectorate coerce remittance 2a catastrophe pioneer accede subpoena stampede refugee concede affidavit edible strategy respite + projectile susceptible artifice retrieve pyrotechnics tangible armistice ordinance derelict + 218 crucible dilution * + insurrection intangible perception jurisdiction perceptible refraction strangulation infallible provocation realization combustible proclamation federation indestructible organization precaution inexhaustible determination accessible irresponsible inspiration incorrigible * See note (1), page 69. comprehensible 108 EIGHTH YEAR abstemious accede accessible affidavit alleviate appreciative armistice artifice assimilate capacious capricious catastrophe collegiate competitive comprehensible concede conspicuous delirious 219 (Review) derelict disciple generalize gratuitous hypocrite impervious incorrigible indestructible inexhaustible infallible ingenious insurrection intangible irresponsible judicious millennium monopolize mysterious HOMONYMS Seed The seed of a plant, cede To cede territory. wave To wave a flag, waive To waive one's rights. cast To cast away, caste A high caste. negotiate offensive officiate organization patronize perceptible precipitate pyrotechnics realization satiate scholastic sterilize subpoena susceptible systematize tangible technical unconscious faint Faint with hunger. feint To make a feint, auger A carpenter's auger. augur To augur success. brute A savage brute, bruit To bruit about. fort A well-manned fort. forte Singing is her forte. EIGHTH YEAR 109 220 (Review of Difficult Words) abbreviate alliance arraign abscess ambassador artificial abstemious ambitious artillery abstinence amethyst ascension academy ammunition ascertain accelerate amphibious asphyxiate accessible analyze assassin accession anniversary assessor acclamation annuity assignee accommodate anodyne assimilate accompany anonymous associate accomplice antagonize assumption accumulate antecedent asylum accuracy antediluvian auxiliary acoustic aperture barouche acquisition apologize barricade admission apoplexy battalion advantageous apparatus bayonet aerial apparent behavior aggregate apparition belligerent aggressive appetite beneficial agitate appraise besiege albuminous appreciative billiards allege appropriate brilliancy allegiance approximate buoyancy allegory aqueous calisthenics alleviate armistice camellia 110 EIGHTH YEAR (Review of campaign cantaloupe capacious capillary- capricious catastrophe centennial ceremony chameleon chancellor chandelier characteristic charlatan chasm chemistry chenille chevalier chiffonier chloroform chronometer chrysalis chrysanthemum circuit civilization codicil coercion coincidence Coliseum Difficult Words — commercial commission committee commodious communicate comparative competition competitive comprehensible concession concussion condescension confidential conscience conscientious conscious constellation contagious contemptible controversy convalescent conveyance correspondence corruptible counselor countenance counterfeit courageous Continued) courteous crescent criticise crystallize cylindrical cynical decisive deficiency deficit delicious delirious derelict descendant desecrate develop diaphragm digestible disappoint disciple discipline divisible dyspepsia eccentric economize effervescent efficiency eligible emissary EIGHTH YEAR 111 (Review endeavor electrician electricity embarrass emigrant emphasize equilateral equinoctial equivalent erysipelas essential evaporate exaggerate excelsior exhaustion exhibition exhilarate expedition explicit expression exquisite extravagant familiarity farinaceous fascinate fashionable fatigue ferocious or Difficult Words — Continued) fictitious financial financier forcible foreclosure fossilize fulfill glycerine gratuitous guarantee guardian guillotine hemorrhage herbaceous hereditary heresy homicide hospital hydropathy hydrophobia hygienic hypnotic hypocrite illegible illiterate illuminate illustrious imitation immigrant imminent impartial impervious inaugural incandescent incessant incorrigible indelible independence indestructible indictment indispensable inexhaustible infallible infectious inflammable influential ingenious initiate innumerable inseparable instantaneous insurrection intangible intelligent intelligible intercede 112 EIGHTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words — - Continued) interpretation medicinal opportunity intoxication melancholy opposite irresponsible melodeon optician irrigate metaphysics osseous irritable mignonette outrageous isosceles military oxidize judicial militia palatable judiciary millennium paraffine judicious millinery parallel legible miscellaneous paralysis library mischievous paralyze lieutenant monotonous parishioner liquefy mortgage parliament luscious mosquito partiality luxuriant mountainous patient machinery mucilage pavilion magician murmur peculiar magnetize musician penitentiary maintain mysterious perceptible maintenance naphtha perilous malicious necessitate permissible malleable negotiate perseverance maneuver neuralgia perspiration marvelous neutralize petition masquerade nuisance phenomenon massacre obnoxious philanthropy mausoleum obsolete phosphorescent medallion officiate physician EIGHTH YEAR 113 (Review 01 Difficult Words — - Continued) physiology proprietor sacrifice pleurisy psychology salable pneumatics pursuit sanguinary pneumonia pyrotechnics sapphire politician quarantine satellite porcelain rarefy satiate possession ravenous schedule possibility rebellious scheme postilion recede sciatica precede receptacle scintillate precious reciprocity secede precipice recollect secession precipitate recommend secrecy precocious recompense secretary predecessor reconcile seizure prejudice recurrence sensible preliminary reference separate preparation religious sepulcher presumptuous reminiscence sergeant pretentious repetition serious privilege reservoir silesia procedure responsibility simultaneous procession resurrection society profession reversible solicitor promontory rheumatism souvenir pronunciation rhythmical sovereign prophecy ridiculous spherical prophesy righteous stalactite kice's spellei l, PT. II. 8 114 EIGHTH YEAR (Review of Difficult Words — - Continued) stereopticon symmetrical vaccinate sterilize sympathize valise strychnine symphony variegated subpoena symptom vehicle succession synonym vengeance succulent synonymous venomous succumb systematize ventriloquist sufficient tableau veterinary suggestion tangible vicious suicide technical victuals superficial tenacity villain superintendent therefore violoncello superstitious thermometer visible supervision thoroughly vitiate supplementary tortoise voluntary surgeon tranquillity volunteer susceptible transient warrior suspicious treacherous zephyr sustenance treasury zoology symbolic tyrannize 221 (Words Liable to be Mispronounced)* ab ste'mi ous al lege' as sign ee' ad'ver sa ry an te di lti'vi an buoy' an cy (bwoi'-) a e'ri al a' que ous ca pa'eious * The diacritical marks used are from Webster's International Dic- tionary. EIGHTH YEAR 115 (Words Liable to be Mispronounced cer'e bral in gen'ious chev a lier'(shev-) in her' ent def! cit der'e lict dev'as tate di lu'tion di verge' di ver'gence Is'o late ju'bi lee main tain' main'te nance mat'ri mo ny mel'an chol y e qua' tion (-shun) munic'ipal for' mi da ble phi Ian' thro py gi gan'tic her'e tic hy drop' a thy hy gi en'ic in' fa mous pre sump'tu oils pro'logue pro mis'cu oils proph'e cy proph'e sy — Continued) rec iproc'i ty rep'ii ta ble res'pite ret'i cent si mul ta'ne ous si'ne cure sti let' to su per' flu oils syn'di cate te na'cious tes'ti mo ny va'ri e ga ted ve ra'cious vet'er i na ry vol' a tile SUPPLEMENTAEY LIST (For Use beyond the Eighth Year) abeyance apprehension chronicle abstruse aquiline circuitous acetic archive clamorous acidulate arduous clique acquiesce arraignment coalesce affable ascetic cognizant affiliate aspirant cohesion affinity atrocious collateral affluence atrocity colleague aggrandize audacious collodion alacrity auditory colloquial alignment aureole collusion altercation auspicious commensurate amalgamation austere commentary amanuensis avaricious commissary ambiguous badinage comparable ameliorate barrister compassionate analogous beguile compatible analogy beneficence competency animosity beneficiary complacent annihilate benign composite anomaly blasphemous compunction antithesis category conceivable appendage celerity concentric applicable chaos conciliate apportion chirography 116 concomitant SUPPLEMENTARY LIST 117 (For Use beyond the Eighth Year- - Continued) concordance crucial diminutive concurrent culinary disburse conduit curriculum discernible confluence cursory disciplinary conformable dearth disconcert conformity debris disconsolate congeal decorous discordant conjecture decrepitude discourse consciousness defalcation discrepancy consecrate defamation discriminate consequential deferential disparage constituency degenerate disparity consummate degradation dispensation contemporaneous deleterious disseminate contemporary delineate dissension contiguous delinquent dissertation contingency deliverance dissuade convertible demagogue diurnal Corinthian demeanor diverse cornucopia deprecate diversify corollary depreciate domicile correlation derision dominant corroborate derogatory dubious corrugate despicable dynasty coterie deteriorate ebullition covetous detriment eccentricity credulous diabolical ecclesiastic criterion digression economics 118 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST (For Use BEYOND THE ElGHTH YEAR - - Continued) ecstasy equanimity febrile efficacious equilibrium felicity efficacy equitable felonious efflorescent equivocal filament effrontery erroneous fortitude effusion ethereal fundamental elegy eulogize futility eliminate exchequer gratuity elixir exemplary habituate ellipsis exemplify hallucination elucidate exigency herculean emaciate exonerate hierarchy emanate exorbitant hieroglyphic embellish exorcise homogeneous embezzle expedient hyperbole emblazon expedite hypochondriac embrasure extemporaneous hypothesis emolument exterminate hysterical emulation extraneous iconoclast emulsion extricate idealize encumbrance exuberant idyllic enervate exultant ignominious enveigle fabricate immunity environment fabulous impenetrable ephemeral facetious impetus epicure fallacious impromptu episode fallacy impugn epistle feasible incapacitate SUPPLEMENTARY LIST 119 (For Use incarcerate incipient incongruous incredulous incriminate indebtedness indefatigable indigenous indigent individuality ingenuous ingratiate iniquity initiative innocuous inquisition insatiable insatiate instigate intimidate intricacy invalidate invincible inviolate irascible iridescent ironical irrelevant beyond the Eighth Year — Continued) irreparable irrepressible irresistible irrespective irritant jeopardize labyrinth lacerate lachrymose languish lassitude laudatory legendary legitimate lethargy limitation lineage liquidate logarithm loquacious lucrative luminary magnanimity magnanimous manifestation marauder marquetry materialize matriculate mediator medicate mediocrity metamorphose metaphor misanthrope mitigate mnemonics mollify monograph monologue munificence mysticism naive necropolis neurotic nihilism nocturnal nonentity nonpareil noxious nurture obligatory obliterate oleaginous olfactory oligarchy 120 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST (For Use beyond the Eighth Year — Continued) ominous phlegmatic proscenium omniscient phraseology prototype onerous physiognomy providential optimist physique psychical oracular piquant puerile ornithology plagiarism purloin oscillate platitude pursuant ostensible plebeian purveyor ostentatious plenipotentiary putrefaction ostracize poniard pygmy pageant posthumous querulous palliate potential quiescent pandemonium precarious raillery parsimonious precedent ramification patrician precipitation rapacious patrimony precursor realm paucity predestination reciprocal pecuniary predominant recreant pedagogue premises rectitude pedagogy premonitory recumbent penurious prerogative redundant permeate prestidigitator refractory pernicious prestige relegate perquisite primitive relevant pertinacity priority remonstrance pertinent prodigious remunerate perusal prohibitory renegade perverse proprietary renunciation SUPPLEMENTARY LIST 121 (For Use reparable reparation repellent repletion repository reprehensible repression repudiate requisition rescind residuary residue resonant resplendent restorative resumption resuscitate retrogression reversion revulsion rhapsody rhetorical saccharine sacrament sacrilege sacrilegious salicylic salient beyond the Eighth Yeab — Continued) salubrious sanctimonious sanguine saponaceous sarcophagus satirical scrutinize sedentary seditious silhouette sinuous sobriety sociology solecism solicitous soliloquize somnambulist sonorous sophistry sophomore specialize specification spiritual spirituous spontaneity spontaneous spurious statistician stereotype stethoscope strenuous stupefaction stylographic subordination subservient subsidiary substantiate subterfuge succor supercilious supersede surfeit surmise surreptitious surveillance syllogism symposium syncope synthesis taciturn tautology tempestuous tenable terrestrial tessellate topography 122 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST (For Use beyond the Eighth Year — Continued} tournament tractable transition transitory treatise troubadour tympanum typographical unanimity utilitarian vacillate valiant vehement vernacular versatile vicarious vicissitude vignette virtual virulent visionary vivacious vociferous volition vol amino us GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES The following list includes at least the vast majority of geo- graphical names, of general importance in America, requiring special drill in spelling. It is suggested that individual teachers select from this list the words needed for their respective grades ; add thereto those of local interest ; concentrate the drill upon these words, and teach incidentally other terms as they are called for in written work. Such a procedure will guard against the waste involved in indiscriminate drill upon the spelling of geographical names. Aberdeen Babylon Brooklyn Abyssinia Bahia Brussels Adirondack Balkan Buenos Aires Algiers Baltimore Cairo Alleghany Baluchistan Calais Allegheny Bangkok California Amazon Barbados Cambridge America Barcelona Cape Yerde Annapolis Bering Caribbean Antarctic Belgium Carpathian Antwerp Berkshire Carthage Appalachian Birmingham Catskill Ararat Boise Champlain Argentina Bolivia Channel Arizona Bordeaux Charlotte Arkansas Borneo Chattanooga Asia Bosphorus Chesapeake Auckland Brighton Cheyenne Azores Brindisi 123 Chicago 124 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Chile Greenwich Lorraine Cincinnati Guatemala Los Angeles Cleveland Guiana Louisiana Clyde Guinea Lucerne Cologne Haiti Lynchburg Colombia Hamburg Macedonia Colorado Havana Mackinac Columbia Havre Madagascar Columbus Hawaii Madeira Connecticut Hawaiian Islands Maine Constantinople Honduras Mainz Dakota Honolulu Malay Dayton Houston Manhattan Delaware Huron Manitoba Des Moines Illinois Marseilles Detroit Indianapolis Maryland Dnieper Iowa Massachusetts Ecuador Ireland Melbourne Edinburgh Itasca Merrimac Egypt Jamaica Michigan England Kamchatka Milwaukee Erie Kentucky Minneapolis Ethiopia Kissingen Minnesota Euphrates Labrador Mississippi Galicia Lackawanna Missouri Gibraltar Leavenworth Mobile Glasgow Lehigh Monongahela Gloucester Leipzig Montana Greece Lincoln Mont Blanc GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 125 Montpelier Montreal Munich. Natchez Newfoundland New Hampshire New Jersey New Orleans New Zealand Niagara Nicaragua Nova Scotia Nuremberg Oceania Oklahoma Omaha Oregon Orinoco Ottawa Pacific Patagonia Persia Philadelphia Philippine Pittsburg Platte Plymouth Pompeii Portsmouth Portugal Potomac Poughkeepsie Prague Providence Prussia Quebec Quito Raleigh Rhine Rhode Island Rhone Rio de Janeiro Rio de la Plata Rochester Roumania Russia Sacramento Saginaw St. Lawrence St. Louis St. Petersburg Salvador San Francisco Santa Cruz Santa Fe Santiago Savannah Saxony Scandinavia Schenectady Scilly Islands Seattle Sevastopol Seine Senegambia Shenandoah Sicily Sierra Nevada Silesia Sinai Singapore Sioux City Smyrna Southampton Stockholm Suez Susquehanna Syracuse Tallahassee Tennessee Thames Thuringia Ticonderoga Transvaal Trieste Trinidad Turkestan 126 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Tyrol Vladivostok Yangtze Uruguay Washington Yokohama Utah Waterloo Yosemite Valparaiso Westphalia Yukon Vancouver Winnipeg Zambezi Venezuela Wisconsin Zanzibar Venice Worcester Zurich Versailles Wurttemberg Vienna Wyoming RULES 1. Rules relating to the dropping or retaining of final e. (a) Words ending in e preceded by a consonant usually drop e on taking a suffix beginning with a vowel. (See rule c.) Example: move, moving. (6) Words ending in ue drop e on taking any suffix. Ex- amples : argue, arguing ; true, truly. (c) Words ending in ce or ge retain e on adding able, ably, or oils. Examples : change, changeable ; courage coura- geous; notice, noticeable. (d) Most words ending in e retain e on taking a suffix beginning with a consonant. (See rules b and e.) Example : move, movement. (e) Words ending in dge drop e on taking any suffix. Ex- amples : judge, judging ; judge, judgment. The noteworthy exceptions to the above rules are : singeing, tingeing, vagueness, vaguely, awful, wholly. 2. Rules relating to the doubling of the final con- sonant. (a) Monosyllables and words accented on the last syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, usually double the final consonant on taking a suffix beginning with a vowel. (See rule b, on the next page.) (Other words do not double the final consonant.) Examples : run, running ; forgot, forgotten. 127 128 RULES (6) Words in which, the accent is thrown back upon another syllable, after the derivative is formed, do not double the final consonant. Examples : prefer, preference ; refer, reference. Final x is never doubled, being itself equivalent to the two con- sonants ks. The noteworthy exceptions to the above rules are: gases, gaseous, transferable, crystallize, cancellation, tranquillity, woolly. 3. Eules relating to the retaining or changing of final y. (a) Words ending in y preceded by a consonant retain y on taking a suffix beginning with i; but on taking a suffix begin- ning with any other letter, y is in most cases changed to i. (See rule b.) In forming the plural of nouns and the third person singular of verbs, y is changed to i and es is added. Examples : cry, crying ; lazy, laziness ; duty, dutiable ; country, countries ; try, tries. (6) Adjectives of one syllable ending in y preceded by a consonant retain the y on taking any suffix. Examples : shy, shyness; sly, slyest. (c) Words ending in y preceded by a vowel retain y on tak- ing any suffix. Examples : obey, obeyed ; joy, joyful ; val- ley, valleys ; play, plays. The exceptions to rule a are words not in common use, as : duteous, piteous, beauteous, etc. The exceptions to rule b are : drier, driest. The exceptions to rule c are : daily, laid, paid, said. P u