Athletics in the Publ5c Schools Pub. no. 301 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA PRESENTED BY ATHLETICS IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA The Educated Person is Participant and Spectator in Many Sports and Others Pastimes The participant in recreational activities requires a certain mental and physical equipment which can be improved through education. The development of the physical skills, strength, and ability necessary for participation in a variety of wholesome games and sports is an important aspect of education. The athletic and physical education programs of secondary schools and colleges are moving slowly and tardily toward a democratic basis which serves the entire group of students rather than being largely concentrated on a few favored in- dividuals who "make the team." This trend is wholesome; it should be accelerated and broadened. — The Purposes of Education in American Democracy. Educational Policies Commission. Publication No. 301 Athletics IN THE Public Schools Issued by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction Raleigh, North Carolina 1954 fev Uf&J m ii Uk IT* e II |sg* w at B Adequate facilities make better athletic programs possible. Cp37l-->+ FOREWORD In the early years of our public school system, athletic games and contests were incidental experiences of the students during recess and lunch periods. More recently, school administrators, parents and others have come to recognize the potential value of an athletic program to the total development of boys and girls/ At the same time, they recognize also that increased public interest in and popularity of inter- school athletics have produced advantages as well as disadvantages in the administration of such a program. Realizing the need for accept- able standards for the operation of a sound athletic program, the county and city superintendents, principals, and coaches of the State, after much study and revision, devised and recommended minimum regulations for consideration by the State Board of Education. These standards, Regulations Governing Athletics in Public Schools of North Carolina, were adopted by the State Board of Education on June 5, 1952, to become effective in September, 1952. In order to understand more fully the philosophy underlying these Regulations, this bulletin has been prepared. It is our aim here to pro- vide in one publication a sound philosophy of athletics, the adopted standards, and some possible devices which may be used by a school in evaluating its program of athletics. Throughout this publication an attempt has been made to show how a sound program of athletics can contribute to the fundamental objectives of our public school program. The effort put forth in developing this bulletin will have been worthwhile if it serves to stimulate the thinking of those persons, both lay and professional, who are in any way concerned with our public school athletic program. We hope the results may be a forward step in the educational opportunities for our boys and girls in North Carolina. Acknowledgement is made of the services of Dr. Jester L. Pierce, Consultant in Health and Physical Education, in the preparation of this publication. State Superintendent of Public Instruction August, 1954 CONTENTS Page Chapter I. Athletics — a Positive Force in the School Program 5 Chapter II. A Sound Program of Athletics in Public Schools 7 Chapter III. Recommended Standards for the Operation of Public School Athletic Programs 12 Chapter IV. Recommended Code of Sportsmanship for Public School Athletic Programs — 16 Chapter V. Checklist on School Athletics 18 Chapter VI. Regulations Governing Athletics in Public Schools of North Carolina . 28 Chapter VII. Interpretations and Explanations of the Regulations Governing Athletics in Public Schools of North Carolina 33 Chapter VIII. Suggested Sources of Information and Aid 38 CHAPTER I ATHLETICS— A POSITIVE FORCE IN THE SCHOOL PROGRAM The positive statements of the Educational Policies Commission as set forth in Chapter I of the publication School Athletics — Problems and Policies express a sound philosophy for school athletics. For that reason the Chapter in its entirety is reproduced here as an introduction to this publication. "We believe in athletics as an important part of the school physical education program. 1 We believe that the experience of playing athletic games should be a part of the education of all children and youth who attend school in the United States. "Participation in sound athletic programs, we believe, contributes to health and happiness, physical skill and emotional maturity, social competence and moral values. "We believe that cooperation and competition are both important components of American life. Athletic participation can help teach the values of cooperation as well as the spirit of competition. "Playing hard and playing to win can help to build character. So also do learning to 'take it' in the rough and tumble of vigorous play, experiencing defeat without whimpering and victory without gloat- ing, and disciplining one's self to comply with the rules of the games and of good sportsmanship. "Athletics may also exemplify the value of the democratic process and of fair play. Through team play the student athlete often learns how to work with others for the achievement of group goals. Athletic competition can be a wholesome equalizer. Individuals on the play- ing field are judged for what they are and for what they can do, not on the basis of the social, ethnic, or economic group to which their families belong. '^The vocabulary of school athletics is not so standardized as one might assume. Regional and personal differentiations attach to certain of the terms used in this report. These terms, as used by the Commission, are defined when they are introduced. Thus, as used in this volume, athletics refers to competitive games involving physical activity, accepted rules of play, and a system of scoring for determining winners from among two or more contesting individuals or teams. School athletics refers to all such games in which students participate under school auspices. "Physical education, in this volume, refers to that part of the school program that provides guidance and instruction through physical activities designed to meet the needs of students in developing their physical efficiency and recreational skills, and, along with other phases of the curriculum, provides maximum opportunity for growth physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. The physical education program is a school's inclusive plan and provision for instruction in physical education. "School athletics are, throughout this volume, considered to be a part — and only a part — of the physical education program of a school." [Note: The above paragraphs are included at this point since the definitions apply to the terminology used in this publication as well as to the excerpts from School Athletics.] "We believe that school athletics are a potential educative force of great power that is not used so much as it should be and that is too often misused. We believe that concerted efforts should be made by school personnel and by other citizens to capitalize more effectively on the potential values of school athletics as set forth in this document." 2 2 Educational Policies Commission. School Athletics — Problems and Policies. Washington: National Education Association, pp. 3-4. Swimming, golf, and tennis are recreational sports with great carry-over value. r**-WJ— CHAPTER II A SOUND PROGRAM OF ATHLETICS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS Function of the Public School. It is generally agreed that public schools financed from public funds should provide educational opportunities for all persons of school age. The schools are operated on the assumption that their primary function is to provide every possible opportunity for each student to develop, to the maximum, all of his potentialities. Herein lies the major responsibility and difficulty of the school. This is readily understood when one realizes the great range of intelligence, physical ability, social opportunity, economic status, and psycholog- ical condition which is found in the average student body. The public school, under the best possible conditions, can do only so much. The home, the church, and the other social agencies do a part of the job. When finances for school purposes, personnel, and facilities are limited, the schools must of necessity continually evaluate their expenditure of time, energy, finances, and personnel. Athletics a Part of the Total School Program. There is general agreement that for purposes of education the mind and the body cannot be separated. When the child goes to an English class, he carries his body along with his mind; when he goes to his physical education class, the mind goes along with the body; when the boy or girl enters the athletic contest, the mind accompanies the body. It is obvious, therefore, that physical education is a part of the total program of education. Athletics as a vital part of the physical education program should, therefore, be operated within the frame- work of the total program of education. For quite some time the claim has been made that athletics con- tribute to the health and physical development of the child. Many speakers and writers say that athletics make a contribution to the development of character and citizenship among our students. There are other claims made, but less often than these. There are few who will argue that athletics cannot make such contributions. It does not necessarily follow that these results are obtained in any large degree from every athletic program or event. However, if it is possible for these valuable results to accrue from athletics under one set of circum- stances, it is reasonable to assume that they may accrue in all cases if the program is operated properly. It is also reasonable to assume that these beneficial experiences may be provided for all the students who are physically and mentally capable of participation. It is, of course, recognized that a uniform program will not meet the needs of each and every boy and girl in North Carolina. In view of the potentialities of an athletic program and the limited time and resources, a school should evaluate its program of athletics in terms of the contributions which it is making to the total program of education. There is always the problem of making the wise choice. The school should select the areas for emphasis on the basis of con- tributions to the maximum number for the greatest good. A sound athletic program can make a worthwhile contribution and can be justified by this standard. The problem remains: What constitutes a sound program? Factors Essential for a Sound Program. Since the law requires the attendance at school of all pupils between certain ages, it is reasonable to expect that the school should provide an environment which is as safe or safer than the home and the community. Under the most favorable conditions, a few injuries and accidents may be expected where a school conducts a comprehensive program of athletics. However, it is reasonable to expect that physical facilities be such that all known or recognized hazards are removed. North Carolina is rapidly improving its facilities for athletics and physical education. The local community, in many cases, however, needs to be alerted to the need for additional effort on its part. Boys and girl are too valuable to be subjected to any but the best possible opportunities for growth. The second factor essential for a sound program of athletics is adequate and competent direction by qualified personnel. Activity without capable leadership may result in many undesirable outcomes. Perhaps the more important elements of leadership essential for a sound program are an understanding of the growth characteristics of the age group and the ability to direct the interest of the group into worthwhile channels. Technical skills in the various activities are valuable, but the ability to influence the attitudes and thoughts of the students is equally important. More favorable results may be expected" when there is control of a moving or growing force than when such force is not controlled or directed. The third factor essential to a sound program of athletics is compe- tent supervision and administration which will keep the athletic program within the framework of sound educational principles. This includes aims and objectives, cooperatively developed by the athletic staff, the administration, and the public as represented by parents. It is also desirable to have a set of athletic policies developed by the director of athletics and his staff and approved by the principal and/or superintendent. Desirable also is a chart showing lines of authority and responsibility. The administrator may want to delegate responsi- bility and authority to members of the athletic staff, but he cannot safely relinquish the ultimate authority and responsibility for the program. Elements of a Sound Program. 1 . The basic element essential for a sound program of athletics is an adequate program of physical education for grades one through twelve. This program should be adjusted to the needs of the various age groups and directed toward teaching skills, knowledge, and attitudes in the area of physical activity. a. Such a program should include rhythmical activity, stunts and tumbling, sports and games, aquatics, outing activities, and self-testing activities. b. Ample opportunity for competition with fellow students of like skill, strength, endurance, and interests should be pro- vided. The amount and degree of such competition should vary with the age and stage of development of the children. 2. Adequate program of intramural and extramural activities. a. Upper elementary grades. For this age group there should be a voluntary program consisting of at least one activity for each of the three seasons. Such program should operate pri- marily in the individual school, culminating with an event such as a "play day" or a "sports day". b. Junior high school. The major part of the athletic program for this age group should be of an intramural nature. It is at this stage that the child has a maximum interest in com- petitive physical activity, but needs the largest number of safeguards. The junior high school program in any activity might culminate with one or two extramural games with nearby schools. c. Senior high school. For this school group a variety of intra- mural activities is desirable. Since this is the last opportunity to influence many of this group, it is desirable to have as many recreational type activities as possible. Certainly golf, tennis, swimming, badminton, bowling, archery, track, softball, and volleyball should be provided if at all possible. Co-recreational activities are very worthwhile for this age group. 3. Comprehensive program of interscholastic athletics for the senior high school (grades 9-12). a. Such a program should include a variety of activities based on the needs, interests, and local conditions. There should be team games as well as individual and dual sports for each of the three seasons. Since the purpose of such a program is to provide children with opportunities for growth and de- velopment, each school should have as many different activi- ties as possible in order to provide the maximum number of opportunities. Two or three sports would certainly not suffice to meet the needs of all the children in a large urban school. b. The programs should provide opportunities for all groups which have acquired a degree of skill sufficient that competi- tion cannot be had in the intramural program. It is con- ceivable that some schools might need as many as three teams or squads in one sport, with such designations as "varsity", "junior-varsity", and "125 lb. team." Administrative Elements of a Sound Interscholastic Program of Activities. 1. It would be ideal to have the athletic program, as well as dramatics, music, etc., financed from the same public funds which support other school functions. It is certainly not desir- able to have the athletic program financed entirely from gate receipts from contests. 2. Each school should be affiliated with a well organized conference or association which provides facilities for adequate scheduling and for competent officiating. 3. Emphasis should be placed upon a regular schedule of games with those schools of comparable size which are the shortest distance away. Travel and loss of class-time should be kept to Physical vigor, self-control, and determination are necessary in order to excel in this contact sport. a minimum. Out-of-State games should not be scheduled except where they are necessary to secure equitable competition. 4. The school board should have definite policies on interscholastic athletics. These policies should include items on the following problems: a. Financing and handling athletic funds. b. Responsibility and authority of the principal, the director of athletics, and the coach in athletic matters. c. Insurance coverage during practice, games, and travel. d. Participation in post-season and all-star games. e. Methods of transportation to be used by athletic teams. f. Physical examinations and medical attention for athletes. g. Responsibility for conduct and discipline at athletic events. 11 CHAPTER III RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR THE OPERATION OF PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETIC PROGRAMS To be most effective in meeting its objectives, a high school athletic program should strive to meet the highest possible standards. The Regulations Governing Athletics in Public Schools of North Carolina, found in Chapter VI of this publication, should be considered only the minimum standards. They were adopted by the State Board of Education because there was need for eliminating certain specific fla- grant abuses. Many school people are not satisfied with meeting minimum standards, but are desirous of working toward maximum standards or the ideal situation. It is with this purpose in mind that the following standards are recommended: 1. Health and Safety. a. Adequate medical attention should be provided for all par- ticipants in athletic activities. This should include a complete physical examination, a medical check-up after each illness, provision for first aid at all times, and the services of a physician during any contest involving bodily contact. b. The parents of the student should sign a statement giving permission for their child to participate. c. The athlete should have not less than two weeks, preferably more than two weeks, of training and conditioning before participating in a game or strenuous scrimmage. d. The best possible protective equipment should be provided. This means that each and every student would be adequately provided with standard equipment for the activity in which he is participating — shoulder pads, head gear, mask, breast protector, shin guards, etc. — which fit and give adequate protection. e. Any student who has a history of many accidents and in- juries should be closely observed and excluded from par- ticipation in activities which are not safe for him. f. The student should at all times be under the supervision and direction of a member of the school faculty who is qualified to direct the activities of athletes as well as to administer first aid. The quality of leadership is probably the most im- portant single factor in a worthwhile athletic program. g. Competition should be arranged with schools of comparable size and as nearby as geographical location permits. Except under extreme circumstances, games requiring over-night trips should not be scheduled. 12 h. Athletic facilities should not be used when they are not safe. i. The local board of education should have an established policy relative to financial responsibility for medical, dental, and hospital care in case of athletic injury. 2. Organization and Administration. a. Each administrative unit and each school should establish policies which will make the athletic program an integral part of the total school program and which are in keeping with accepted principles of good administration. b. The line of authority and responsibility for the athletic program should be: (1) The board of education, (2) The superintendent, (3) The principal, (4) The athletic direc- tor, and (5) Coaches. c. No individual or agency not directly a part of the school system should have any responsibility or authority in the operation of the athletic program. d. The financial control of athletics should be such that the budget is a part of the total school budget and not dependent upon gate receipts, contributions, or money raising schemes. The control of each school budget for athletics should be the responsibility of the principal. All receipts from athletic events should accrue to the school. e. The scheduling of contests and the general operation of the total athletic program should be in the interest of students, particularly the participants, and not in the interest of securing sufficient funds for the supplementary salary of the coach or for the satisfaction of school or community pride. The principal should approve all schedules and plans. f. All major purchases of athletic equipment and supplies should be approved by the principal. g. All transportation of athletic teams should be by public carrier or by school owned and operated bus. If transporta- tion is by private automobile, all cars and drivers should be approved by the principal and should carry sufficient liability insurance. h. Each school should belong to an athletic conference or as- sociation composed of schools of comparable size and in the most compact geographical area possible. Principals and superintendents should assume active responsibility for the operation of such an organization. i. Students and school teams should not be permitted to p!av in bowl games, all-star games, and post-season games. They should not be used by civic groups to raise funds for worthy 13 causes. Regular season games should be under the control of school personnel and should not be commercialized to the detriment of a sound program operated in the interest of the students. The administration and staff, particularly the coaches, should do everything possible to eliminate the solicitation of athletes through tryouts and competitive bidding by colleges and universities. Public school people should not be parties to any practices which destroy the amateur nature of athletics and tend to commercialize the individual and the program. School administrators should select personnel who work with athletics on the basis of their philosophy of education, moral standards, integrity, interest in children, and an understand- ing of the characteristics and capacities of the age group with which they will work, as well as their knowledge and interest in athletics. A high degree of coordination is necessary to play modern basketball. 1. School administrators should assume responsibility for the operation of athletic contests to the end that both partic- ipants and spectators will receive the maximum possible benefits. This should include safe and adequate facilities, supervision, including police protection when necessary, and general supervision of the contests. m. Officials for all contests should be impartial, qualified, and wherever possible assigned by a recognized or approved agency. n. The interscholastic program should be built on an adequate program of physical education for all students and a broad intramural program for all who wish to participate. Because of their recreational value, individual and dual sports should receive as much support and emphasis as possible. The de- velopment of recreational skills and interests should certainly be a major outcome of any school athletic program if it is to serve the best interest of the individual student. o. The administration should take advantage of every possible opportunity to develop a safe and sound attitude toward sports among the student body and the general public. The administrator should exercise positive leadership in develop- ing community support for an educationally sound physical education program, including athletics, to such an extent that any pressure group interested in "big time athletics" at any cost will not be able to influence adversely the school program. It is, of course, understood that the school should not tolerate anything but the most wholesome attitude on the part of the school staff. 15 CHAPTER IV RECOMMENDED CODE OF SPORTSMANSHIP FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETIC PROGRAMS "Absolute fairness is the guide to the athlete's conduct on all occa- sions. The athletic code requires that a course of individual conduct and team action be pursued which is right and will seem honorable if known to one's opponents or to the public. Rules and standards are regarded as mutual agreements, the spirit and letter of which will be observed by all honorable persons". 1 An athletic code of sportsmanship requires affirmative answers to the following questions: 1 . Has our school complied with the accepted rules and regulations? 2. Has our school done everything possible to promote a whole- some attitude toward athletics among our students and faculty? 3. Has our school learned to look upon inter-school athletics as an opportunity for the students of two schools to participate in athletic contests which will benefit all who participate? Oklahoma High School Athletic Association Bulletin, Vol. 24, Bulletin No. 1, September, 1951. More than 900 high schools sponsored basketball teams in 1954. 4. Has our school done all that it could to make the visit of the team representing the other school a pleasant and profitable experience? 5. Has our school always acted as a good host should act? 6. Has our school always accepted the officials for our contests as our guests and treated them as ladies and gentlemen? 7. Has our school always acted as guests should act when playing at another school? 8. Has our school learned to be a good looser as well as a good winner? 9. Has our school done all that it could to promote the proper attitude toward athletics among our parents and the people in the community? 10. Do we ask "Did you win?", or do we ask "Did you have a good game?" How Do You Score ??? 17 CHAPTER V CHECKLIST ON SCHOOL ATHLETICS The recent publication of the Educational Policies Commission, School Athletics,* is a very valuable addition to the literature in the field of athletics. This book should prove to be of value to those school people who are interested in improving their program of ath- letics. Appendix A of this publication is a checklist on school athletics and should be a useful tool for the purpose of evaluating the athletic program of an individual school. This checklist, with the necessary- instructions, has been edited for use in this State and is reproduced below with the permission of the Educational Policies Commission. The questions that follow are designed to facilitate the study of issues and problems in school athletics and to aid the evaluation of school athletic practices. The checklist, it is hoped, will help school officials, teachers and patrons to appraise and improve the athletic policies and programs of their own school and community. The list is based on the policies recommended in School Athletics: Problems and Policies, a statement of the Educational Policies Com- mission. Marking the Checklist. Each of the questions invites a yes or no answer with reference to the practice or policy of a particular school. Thus, with a particular school in mind you should respond to each question by checking one of the three letters on the left: Y if the answer is yes, N if the answer is no, and U if the answer is unknown, unclear, or uncertain. A general principle is implied in each question. Thus, in question 1 — "Does your school have clearly defined goals for its athletic pro- gram?" — the intended implication is that a school should have such goals. Do you agree or disagree with this principle? Record your opinion on this — and similarly on each other question — by checking one of the three letters at the right: A if you agree with the implied principle, D if you disagree, and U if you are uncertain or do not understand the principle. Interpreting Responses to the Checklist. The extent to which you answer Y in the left-hand column will measure the extent to which the practices of your school conform to the policies recommended by the Educational Policies Commission. The extent to which you answer A in the right-hand column will measuie the extent to which your opinions coincide with those of the Educational Policies Commission. *This publication can be obtained from the Educational Policies Commission, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C, for $1.00. PURPOSES OF SCHOOL ATHLETICS 1. Does your school have clearly denned goals for its athletic program? Y N U A D U_ 2. Do other teachers, as well as coaches and teachers of physical education, have a part in formulating the purposes of athletics in your school!" Y N U A D U 3. Do lay citizens have opportunity to express themselves with respect to the purposes of athletics in your school? Y N U A D U 4. Are athletics recognized by your school as an integral part of complete educa- tion? Y N U A D U 5. Are athletics activities in harmony with the objectives of the total educational program? Y N U A D U 6. Does your school's athletic program encourage participation in satisfying play by all pupils. Y N U A D . U 7. Does your school in its athletic program seek to contribute to the development of wholesome personalities? Y N U A. D . U 8. Does your school conduct athletics in ways intended to help participants de- velop health and physical fitness? Y N U A D U 9. Does your school seek to conduct athletics in such a way that participants de- velop enduring play habits, skills, and attitudes? Y N U A D U 10. Does your school encourage athletic activities which aid development of de- sirable social growth and adjustment? Y N U A D U 11. Does your school conduct athletics in such a way as to avoid excessive emo- tional strains and tensions on the part of both players and spectators? Y N U A D U 12. Does your school take steps to prevent athletic practices which might be detri- mental to the welfare of pupils as individuals? Y N U A D U HEALTH AND WELFARE OF ATHLETIC PARTICIPANTS 13. In determining policies and procedures for athletics in your school, is the health and welfare of participants considered paramount? Y N U A D U 19 14. Does the school provide adequate protective equipment and other health safe- guards for all participants in athletic contests? Y N U A D U 15. Are all games and practice sessions conducted in facilities that are hygienic, clean, and safe? Y . N U A D U 16. Is adequate training and conditioning required for all types of athletic competi- tion ? Y. . N U A D U. 1 7. Has the approval of a physician been secured for the practices of your school's interscholastic athletic program which involve conditioning, training, and health? Y N U A D. U. Is a thorough health examination required of all participants in both intramural and interscholastic sports before they take part in vigorous athletic competition? Y . N. U. A D U 19. Is emergency medical service available during all practice periods, intramural games, and interscholastic contests held under school auspices? Y N U A D U. . 20 Are athletes who have been injured or ill readmitted to participation only with the written approval of a physician? Y N U A D U. . 21. Does your school have a written and well-publicized policy regarding the legal and financial responsibilities for injuries incurred in athletics? Y . N U. A. D. U . 22. Even when not legally responsible, does your school have a plan for making financial provisions for the care of injuries incurred in school athletics? Y. N U A D U 23. Does the school seek to prevent injury to the personality development of star athletes from overattention and ego-inflation? Y N. U A D U. ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SCHOOL ATHLETICS 24. Are all athletic activities in your school recognized as the responsibility of the school and under its control? Y N U A D U 25. Are all athletics in your school administered as part of the school's total pro- gram of physical education? Y N U A D U 26. Is your school (if a high school) a member of the State high school athletic association or similar organization? Y N U A D U 20 27. Does your school accept the aid of the State Department of Public Instruction in establishing and maintaining high standards in the conduct of school athletics? Y. N. U A D U FACILITIES FOR SCHOOL ATHLETICS 28. Does your board of education provide adequate facilities in athletics for all students? Y. N . U. A D U 29. Are physical education facilities in your school available to all phases of the program, including required activity classes and intramurals? Y N. U A D U 30. Do girls share equally with boys in the use of your school's athletic facilities? Y N U A D U 31. Does your school provide a standard field, court, or play space for each team game and individual sport most popular in your section of the country? Y N U A D. U PERSONNEL FOR THE ATHLETIC PROGRAM 3 2. Are all who coach athletic teams in your school competently trained and certified as teachers? Y N. U A D U 33. Do the athletic coaches have professional training in physical education equivalent to a minor or more? Y N. U A D U 34. Do the athletic coaches consistently set good examples in the matter of sports- manship and personal conduct? Y N U A D U 3 5. Do athletic coaches use their influence with students to help them with personal problems? Y N U A D U 3 6. Are those members of the school staff whose chief work is coaching athletics generally regarded by other faculty members as fellow teachers of comparable professional status? Y N U A D U 3 7. Does the school provide sufficient personnel for the proper instruction and supervision of all participants in the required activity classes, in co-recreation, in intramural sports, and in interscholastic athletics? Y N U A D U 3 8. Do school authorities seek to maintain at all times a balance in the amount of staff time and instruction given to all phases of physical education, including required activity classes, co-recreation, intramural sports, and interscholastic athletics? Y N U A D U 21 INTRAMURAL PROGRAMS 3 9. Does every student in your school system have opportunity for participating in a variety of intramural sports? Y. N U__ A D U . 40. Is the intramural sports program conducted as an integral part of the total program of physical education and not as a "feeder" system for interscholastic athletics? Y N U A D U 41. Does the intramural sports program serve as a laboratory where students can test the things they are taught in physical education classes? Y N U_ A D U 42. Do most of the students in your school find the intramural program sufficiently interesting, diverse, and convenient that they voluntarily participate in it? Y N U A D U 43. Does the school provide opportunities for co-recreation (that is, for boys and girls to play together) through intramural sports? Y N U A D U 44. Does the intramural athletic program have good equipment rather than handed- down equipment, worn-out balls, unmarked fields, and poorly organized game situations? Y N U A D U. 45. Does your elementary school program recognize that children need to engage in vigorous muscular activities as a part of the growing process? Y N U A D U 46. Do the practices of your school reflect the policy that interscholastic athletics are not desirable in elementary schools? Y N U A D U 47. Are sports adapted to the needs of children of elementary school age by modifica- tion of such things as rules, size of courts and fields, and size or weight of equipment? Y N U A D U 48. Are athletic activities in your elementary school planned cooperatively by teachers, pupils, and parents? Y N U A D U 49. Are children of elementary school age given opportunities to develop responsi- bility through the athletic program by participating in the planning, by or- ganizing groups, by holding office, and by helping with equipment? Y N U A D U 50. Do the school authorities discourage and seek to prevent outside interests from forcing undesirable patterns of athletic competition upon children? Y N U A D U 22 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS 51. Is the athletic program for junior high school pupils suited to the needs of children who are undergoing rapid changes in physical growth? Y N U A D U 5 2. Is the athletic program of your junior high school planned cooperatively by teachers, pupils, and parents? Y N U A D U 5 3. Does your junior high school provide a broad athletic program for every boy and girl in the school? Y N U A D U 54. Does the athletic program in junior high school consist primarily of sports organized and conducted on an intramural basis? Y N U A D U 55. Are junior high school pupils given opportunities to develop responsibility through the athletic program by participating in the planning, by organizing groups, by holding office, and by helping with equipment? Y N U A D U 5 6. Are the leaders of athletic activities in your junior high school competently trained teachers? Y N U A D U INTERSCHOLASTIC ATHLETICS FOR ROYS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 5 7. Are interscholastic athletics conducted primarily to serve the needs of students with superior athletic skills? Y N U A D U 5 8. Are games and practice periods for interscholastic athletics worked into the school schedule with a minimum of interference with the academic program? Y N U_ A D U 59. Are interscholastic games played only with schools that maintain acceptable principles and policies in their conduct of interscholastic athletics? Y N. U A D U 60. Are interscholastic games played only on school or public property? Y N U A D U 6 1 . Does the school observe the Regulations Governing Athletics in Public Schools of North Carolina and the rules of its athletic conference or association? Y N U A D U 62. Does the school refuse to participate in all postseason tournaments and post- season championship games? Y N U A D U 63. Is the board of education adequately informed regarding the interscholastic athletic program? Y N U A D U 23 64. Is the board of education adequately informed regarding the rules and regula- tions of the State Board of Education and the athletic conference or association? Y N. U. A D. U. 65. Are athletes engaged in interscholastic sports held to the same standards of scholarship as other students? Y N U . A D. U 6 6. Are boys who participate in interscholastic athletics required to attend regular classes in physical education (except during the actual period of their inter- scholastic participation) ? Y N U A D U 67. Does the school try not to prevent solicitation of its athletes by colleges and uni- versities through tryouts and competitive bidding? Y N U A D U 68. Does the school make an effort to develop high standards of good sportsmanship on the part of all students? Y N. U. A D U ATHLETICS FOR GIRLS 69. Does the school athletic program for girls provide opportunities for all girls to participate according to their needs, abilities, and interests? Y N U A. D. U 70. Are facilities for girls' athletics provided in accordance with the requirements of the girls' program and not on the basis of causing minimum inconvenience to the boys' program? Y N U A D U 71. Is the school athletic program for girls under the direction of a competent woman leader who is professionally trained in health and physical education? Y. N U A D U 72. Does the school include in its girls' athletic program such dual, individual, and recreational sports and games as archery, badminton, bowling, croquet, horseshoes, golf, riding, shuffleboard, skiing, swimming, table tennis, and tennis? Y N U A D U 73. Does the school include in ; ts girls' athletic program such team sports as basket- ball, field hockery, softball, soccer, speedball, and volleyball? Y N U. A. D. U 74. Does every girl in the school have an opportunity to compete in team games? Y. N U A D U 75. Is participation of girls in athletics based on an appraisal of the health status of each participant which takes into account quality and extent of participation, type of activity, individual differences, and general organic condition? Y N U A D U_ 24 76. Are girls prevented from participation, under school auspices, in sports which involve rough and tumble body contact? Y N U A D U 77. Are girls provided opportunities for athletic competition with girls of other schools through such means as play days and sports days? Y. N. U A D U 78. Are all school athletic contests for girls conducted in accordance with girls' rules? Y N U A D U 79. Is the school's athletic program for girls conducted in conformity with the policies and recommendations contained in Standards in Sports for Girls and Women! 1 * Y N U A D U FINANCING ATHLETIC PROGRAMS 80. Does the board of education control the financing of the athletic program? Y N U A D U 81. Is the welfare of participants considered more important than financial gain in determining the athletic policies and practices of your school? Y N U A D U 82. Is the size of the budget for athletics in sound proportion to the size of the budget for the rest of the school program? Y N. U. A D U 83. Is balance maintained in the financial support of all phases of the physical education program, including required activity classes, corecreation. intramural sports, and interscholastic athletics? Y N U A D U 84. Are the salaries of other teachers equitable in comparison with the salaries of coaches? Y N U A D U 85. Are all athletic moneys, including gate receipts, considered as school funds with records accurately kept and audited? Y N U A D U 86. Is the intramural sports program of your school financed entirely by appropria- tions from tax funds? Y N U A D U 87. Is your school district moving toward complete financing of the athletic pro- gram from tax funds? Y N U A D U *National Section for Girls and Women's Sports of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation. 1937; Revised edition, 1953. 25 COMMUNITY RELATIONS Is the school actively concerned with providing adequate community athletic- facilities for children and youth? Y_ N. U_ D_ U. 89. 90. 91. 92. Does the school staff study your community to determine how to use, to im- prove, and to increase available space for wholesome play for the students enrolled in your school? Y. N. U_ A. D U_ Is the school actively interested in providing community athletic programs for children and youth during vacation periods? Y_ N_ U. D_ U. Do community organizations look to the school for expert counsel and advice regarding athletic programs? Y_ N_ U_ A D. U_ Does the school assume responsibility for informing the community regarding the standards of good sportsmanship that should be observed at all athletic contests? Y NL U. A. D U Track provides athletic opportunity for many students. ■y-yy 93. Is the conduct of spectators at interscholastic games such as to reflect favorably on the school? Y N U A D_ - U_ 94 Does the board of education enjoy as much freedom from outside pressures in the selection of a coach as it does in the selection of other teachers? Y N U. D U. 95. Does the community support the coach of a boys' varsity team that has a losing season? Y N U A D_ - U_ 9 6 Do local newspapers, radio stations, and television stations support clean ath- letics and have a high regard for standards of good sportsmanship? Y N U. D U. 9 7 Are the schools comparatively free from undesirable activities on the part of outside organizations primarily concerned with winning teams in interscholastic games? Y N U A D_ - U_ 27 CHAPTER VI REGULATIONS GOVERNING ATHLETICS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA (As passed by the State Board of Education in June 1952 and revised on July 1, 1954) WHEREAS, the athletic activities in the public schools of the State are causing dissatisfaction and in many instances disruption in the successful execution of instructional services in the public school of the State; and, WHEREAS, the State Board of Education is of the opinion that the formulation of rules and regulations to govern the conduct of athletic activities in the public schools of the State will materially benefit the schools and enable them to follow more successfully the curriculum adopted for instructional services; and, WHEREAS, the State Board of Education is of the opinion that such rules and regulations should be considered as limitations upon athletic activities to prevent interference with the instructional pro- gram in the public schools; and WHEREAS, the State Board of Education is of the opinion that the State should in no wise be responsible for the financial support of such athletic activities, or medical examinations, or accident insurance, or any other expenses in connection with any athletic program. NOW, THEREFORE, the State Board of Education hereby adopts the following rules and regulations respecting the conduct ot athletic activities in the public schools of the State and in which the public schools of the State may engage and not interfere with the successful execution of the instructional services of the public schools, the rules and regulations to become effective July, 1952: All schools in North Carolina must, if they participate in any inter- scholastic sports program, conform to the following regulations: 1. Eligibility requirements: a. If a resident of the district, a player must have been in attend- ance at his present school 60 per cent of the present term and secured passing grades on a "minimum load" of scholastic courses. A "minimum load" of scholastic courses is defined as three courses, each course meeting five periods per week and each course having a daily class period of at least 45 minutes. (A "double course" may be counted as two courses.) [See Interpretation VI A. and Explanation 1.] b. If a non-resident of the district, a player must have attended his present school 75 per cent of the two most recent terms and secured passing grades on a "minimum load" of scholastic 28 courses at the end of each term. [See Interpretation VI B. and Explanation 2.] c. If parents move during an academic year, a student may be permitted to remain in attendance at his original school by securing written permission from the superintendent of said school. [See Interpretation VI C. and Explanation 3.] d. A player must have been in attendance for at least 60 per cent of the previous term at an approved high school, or in case of a first year student, in an approved elementary school. [See Interpretation VI D. and Explanation 4.] e. A player must secure passing grades on at least three courses each term. At least one of these courses must be an academic subject (English, mathematics, social studies, natural science, or a foreign language) . f . ( 1 ) At the end of each report period of six weeks or other- wise the superintendent or principal will: (a) Report to the office to which eligibility blanks have been submitted, the name of any approved player who has failed to attend school 60 per cent of that period and pass a "minimum load of scholastic courses." (b) Remove such players from competition immedi- ately. (c) Restore to eligibility such debarred player only after he has requalified at the close of a succeeding report period and after sending written notice of such re- storation to the office to which eligibility blanks were submitted. (2) If a student passes a minimum load of work for the most recent whole term (semester) , his record during the closing six weeks period of that term is immaterial to his athletic status during the first six weeks of the following term. (3) The superintendent or principal must have checked each of his approved players within the time-limit of 72 hours from the close of any period. g. A student, upon entering grade 9, is eligible for competition on high school athletic teams only during the succeeding eight consecutive semesters or terms of 90 days each. [See Interpreta- tion VI E.] h. A student may participate in school athletic contests during a school year, if he will not become 20 years of age on or before April 1 of said school year. 29 i. No student may participate in school athletic contests after graduation or after being eligible for graduation from high school. j. No student who has enrolled in a college, or who has signed a contract for professional play, will be eligible for high school competition. k. Any student who has participated in an all-star game is in- eligible for further participation in that particular school sport. [See Explanation 5.] 1. No student may participate on two teams in the same sport. [See Explanation 6.] 2. All gate receipts from school athletic contests must be handled by a bonded school treasurer as required by State law. 3. No more than one football, two baseball, two basketball games (except as provided by No. 18) two tennis, two wrestling, two golf matches, and two swimming meets per week may be played by a team or an individual except for games postponed for emer- gency reasons. [See Interpretation VI F.] 4. Including practice games and scrimmage with other schools, the season's games shall be limited to ten in football, twenty in basketball after December 1, and twenty in baseball. Schools that do not play football may play six additional basketball games prior to December 1. No spring football practice is per- mitted. [See Interpretation VI G.] 5. Soccer, track, and interscholastic sports, other than those named in No. 3 shall be limited to one meet, game or match per week. No boxing is permitted. 6. No games shall be played before the school year starts unless school opening is unavoidably delayed. [See Interpretation VI H.] 7. No team shall participate in post season games except county, conference, or State play-offs. There shall be no regional or State championship games for girls. 8. Trips that involve overnight travel and out-of-State games are not permitted except when geographic conditions require such travel in order to facilitate participation between schools of comparable size. 9. No tournament or games sponsored by organizations or in- dividuals other than bona-fide public schools may be entered. [See Interpretation VI I.] 10. No more than two tournaments a year may be entered in any one sport. Girls are limited to participation in one tournament. [See Interpretation VI J.] 30 11. Certified teachers who are bona-fidc members of the school faculty must be responsible for the supervision of athletic teams during all practice, games and trips. 12. It is recommended that girls' teams be coached by women teachers and required that a woman teacher accompany the team on all trips and be present when games are played. 1 3 All interscholastic athletic contests for girls shall be played under the rules adopted for that sport by the National Section for Girls and Women's Sports. (This organization is a division of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation.) 14 Each player must receive a medical examination by a physician within the fifteen day period prior to the beginning of practice in any sport. 15. A player should receive a medical examination by a physician prior to his or her return to play or practice following an injury or illness. 16 It is recommended that players be covered by adequate medical and accident insurance and that medical aid be immediately available at all games involving bodily contact. 17. Practice in any sport may not start before August 15 or two weeks prior to the regular term opening of schools. 18. Tournament play shall be limited to three days in any week and no team shall play more than one game per day. [See Interpreta- tion VI K. ] 19. There shall be no inter-school championship or tournament competition for boys and girls in grades one through eight. Although elementary schools are encouraged to limit their com- petition to play days, sports days and intramural type activities seventh and eighth grade students may be permitted to play 6 football, 10 basketball, and 10 baseball games under modified rules with schools of comparable size and as near by as geo- graphical location permits. No player shall play on a junior high school team who will become 17 years of age on or before April 1 of said school year. All other regulations shall be the same for junior high schools (grades 7, 8, 9) as those for high schools. [See Interpretation VI L. and Explanation 7.] 20. Violations of any of the above regulations may forfeit the right of the school to participate in interscholastic athletics for a given period of time to be determined by the State Super- intendent of Public Instruction. 21. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction, who is ex- officio executive secretary of the State Board of Education, is hereby directed to see that these regulations are properly en- 31 forced, and he shall select such committee or committees from the superintendents of the administrative units, or high school principals, coaches and athletic committees to assist him as may be necessary for him to enforce the same properly. [See Interpre- tation VI M.] 22. By the adoption of these regulations, it is particularly under- stood that the State Board of Education does not intend to make any sort of athletic program a part of the State public school system, but intends only that these regulations shall apply to all the schools of the State that may participate in any inter- scholastic sports program. 23. If any school engages in athletic activities in violation of these rules and regulations and in such manner as to interfere with the required instructional services adopted by the State Board of Education for use in the public schools, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction shall notify such school to desist from further violation of these rules and regulations; and upon failure of such school to desist therefrom within such time as the State Superintendent of Public Instruction may require, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction may suspend the accredita- tion of said school until such time as the same may have been corrected. 24. All expenses incurred in the administration of these rules and regulations and the athletic activities provided for in these rules and regulations shall be borne by the schools participating under such rules and regulations as the State Superintendent, after con- ferring with the advisory committee, may formulate. The State Board of Education assumes no liability whatever for any ex- penses respecting the athletic programs as herein provided and the rules and regulations for the enforcement of same. 32 CHAPTER VII INTERPRETATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF THE REGULATIONS GOVERNING ATHLETICS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA A. Interpretations and Decisions of the State Advisory Committee on Athletics (Approved by State Superintendent of Public Instruction) I. Functions of the Advisory Committee on Athletics are to make recommendations to the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion regarding: A. Rules and interpretations of rules and regulations when such interpretations are needed. B. Administration and the enforcement of the athletic rules and regulations. C. Penalties to be imposed for violations of the athletic rules and regulations. II. Status of existing conferences and their relationships to the State athletic program. A. All athletic conferences may continue to operate. B. All athletic conferences will be expected to incorporate in their rules and regulations all of the rules and regulations adopted by the State Board of Education. C. All conferences will be expected to inflict penalties for viola- tion of rules and regulations of the conference or association, such as forfeiture of games or suspension from the conference. D. All conferences will be expected to report violations of the athletic rules and regulations and the penalties imposed for such infringements to the Chairman of the Athletic Advisory Committee, Charles E. Spencer, State Department of Public Instruction. E. Definition of a recognized conference or association. An ath- letic conference is an association of high schools organized for the administration of athletics. Each conference or as- sociation must be approved by the State Department of Public Instruction. To be approved a conference or associa- tion must: 1. Incorporate the Regulations Governing Athletics in Pub- lic Schools of North Carolina as a part of the Conference Regulations. 33 2. Have a constitution and by-laws which provides for officers and an administrative or executive committee which performs or supervises the following functions: a. Determine the eligibility of participants. b. Provide annually to the State Department of Public Instruction a list of the officers and executive body, constitution and by-laws, regulations, and minutes of all meetings and actions of the conference. c. Promote those activities which will contribute to a wholesome program of athletics as a phase of the total development of the students. d. Assume responsibility for the disciplinary action against any school which is in violation of a con- ference rule. Ill Responsibility of City and County Superintendents. A. Carrying out the details of the athletic rules and regulations will be left primarily to city and county superintendents just as in other matters relating to local administration of schools, B. Superintendents will be required to send in to the State Department of Public Instruction such preliminary reports and final reports regarding compliance with the rules and regulations as may be requested by the State Superintendent or his representative. C. All teams participating in an organized conference or as- sociation will continue to file individual eligibility blanks with their associations. Teams which are not competing in an organized association or conference will be required to file eligibility lists in duplicate with city or county super- intendents, one copy of which should be forwarded to Charles E. Spencer, Chairman of the State Advisory Com- mittee on Athletics. City and county superintendents are responsible for checking the eligibility of players in their units and are responsible for seeing that each school abides by all of the rules and regulations. D. All questions of eligibility, forfeitures, or other infringe- ments of rules and regulations should be taken up with and settled locally whenever possible with the city or county superintendent of schools for all non-conference contests. All violations and penalties should be reported to Charles E. Sppncer, Chairman of the State Advisory Committee on Athletics. IV. The State Superintendent of Public Instruction's responsibility or that of his delegated authority. 34 A. To keep superintendents informed in regard to rules and regulations and interpretations of same. B. To prepare and send out report forms as they may be needed. C. To review the various recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Athletics and to make final decision regarding interpretation of rules and regulations, administration of the athletic programs, and penalties for infringements of any of the rules and regulations. D. To promote in the high schools in every way possible a broad program of health education and physical education, including athletic activities, taking into consideration the objectives of education and the health and welfare of all school pupils. V. Guiding principles for the functioning of the Advisory Com- mittee on Athletics. A. Existing conferences or athletic associations shall make deci- sions with reference to rules and regulations of the conference regarding forfeiture of games, eligibility of players and ex- clusion from said conference or athletic association. The State Department Advisory Committee shall make recom- mendations to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction regarding loss of accreditation and prohibition from play for a given period of time because of violation of any of the athletic rules and regulations. Eligibility blanks must be sub- mitted each season prior to the playing of the first game. Final decisions affecting such schools may be made by the State Superintendent upon recommendation of the Advisory Committee. VI. Interpretations of the State Board of Education Regulations by the State Advisory Committee on Athletics. (The number of the particular Regulation to which the interpretation applies is in- dicated in parenthesis.) A. (1-a) — To be eligible to participate in interschool athletics at a particular school, a student must have been in attendance at that school 60 per cent of the current term, unless there has been a change in residence from one school district to another. B. (1-b) — -It is understood that such a student must have attended his present school 60 per cent of the days which this school has been in session this term. C. (1-c) — If the student remains at school "A" after his parents have moved to school district "B", to be eligible for interscholastic athletics the student must conform to No. 1-b, i.e. "must have attended his present school ("A") 75 per cent of the two most recent terms . . . ." 35 D. (1-a, 1-b, and 1-d — Summer School attendance) — Summer school attendance shall not be counted in deter- mining percentage of attendance of a student for purposes of athletic eligibility. E. (1-g) — No pupil in the eighth grade or any lower grade may participate in a varsity game or scrimmage. F. (3) — Any single contest postponed because of emergency reasons may be played the following week, in addition to the regular number of contests allowed. G. (4) — Any scrimmage between schools is considered a game and cases pertaining to rule 4 shall be referred to individual conferences with recommendation that circumstances be considered in each individual case. Spring football is interpreted to mean any practice of any kind after the close of the regular season and before the next season begins for that team. H. (6) — Unavoidable delay is interpreted to mean such emergency conditions as adverse weather conditions and epidemics. I. (9) — Under rule 9 a school or schools shall not sponsor a tournament and turn the money over to an out- side organization. J. (10) — In cases where two teams are tied for 4th or last position in a tournament, the play-off for last place shall be considered the first round of the play- off. K. (18) — When one or more tournament games are involved, a team mav play a maximum of three games in one week. Illustration: Two scheduled games and one tournament games may be played in one week. L. (19) — Students in grades seven and eight are not eligible to participate on or against interscholastic teams which have members from grades above grade nine (10th, 11th, 12th). Junior varsity teams may include students from grades 9, 10, 11, and 12, but not from grades 7 and 8. Junior high school teams may include students from grades 7, 8, 9, but not from grades 10, 11, and 12. M. (21) — Any question regarding a conference school shall be reviewed and acted upon by the conference be- fore the matter shall be referred to the State Ad visory Committee on Athletics. 36 B. Explanations of Regulations or Interpretations, including Definition of Terms (The number in parenthesis indicates the Regulation to which the explanation applies. ) 1. (1-a) A "double course" is one which carries two units credit. 2. (1-b) — This means that a student whose residence is out- side the district must establish eligibility by one year's attendance at the school before playing. Residence of the student is interpreted to mean residence of the parent or parents of the student. 3. (1-c) — If in such situation, the student prefers to remain at his original school after his family has changed their residence, he will be eligible at the beginning of the new school year at the school in the district to which his parents have moved. Should he desire to participate immediately at the new school in the district to which his parents have moved, he will be eligible immediately, provided he meets all other eligibility requirements. 4_ (1-d) — For the purposes of these regulations, an "ap- proved" high school is any school that is recog- nized by the State Board of Education as a high school, or any private school that is accredited by the State Department of Public Instruction. 5. (1-k) — An individual is ineligible if he participates on a team composed of selected players from two or more regularly constituted teams. 6. (1_1) — This means a student may not participate on a varsity team and a junior varsity team; and he may not participate on a school team and an indepen- dent team, such as an industrial team, Y.M.C.A. team, etc. 7. (19) — "Modified rules" means shortened periods of time for play, where possible a reduced playing area, and any other change in the official game which might tend to prevent excessive physical exertion on the part of these younger boys and girls. 37 CHAPTER VIII SUGGESTED REFERENCES AND AIDS A. BOOKS. Allen, Ethan. Major League Baseball. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1948. $3.50 Bible, Dana X. Championship Football. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. 1947. Bourquardez, Virginia, and Charles Heilman. Sports Equipment-Selection, Care and Repair. A. S. Barnes and Company, New York. 1950. Breshahan, George T. and Tuttle, W. W. Track and Field Athletics. The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, Missouri. 1937. Coombs, John W. Baseball. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. 1945. Dean, Everett S. Progressive Basketball. Published by the author. Stanford University, California. Educational Policies Commission. School Athletics — Problems and Policies. National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 1945. $1.00 Meyer, K. L. Purchase Care and Repair of Athletic Equipment. Educational Publishers, Inc., St. Louis. 1948. Meyer, Margaret H. and Schwarz, Marguerite M. Technic of Team Sports for Women. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 1942. Shepard, George E. and Jamerson, Richard E. Interscholastic Athletics. Mc- Graw Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. 195 3. $4.00. The Barnes Sports Library. A. S. Barnes and Company, 23 2 Madison Avenue, New York. Rupp, Adolph F. Rupp's Championship Basketball. Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York. 1948. B. PAMPHLETS AND BULLETINS. Desirable Athletic Competition for Children. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1952. (National Education As- sociation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.) Manual of Floodlighting Plans for Sports and Recreation. General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York. 1949. National Facilities Conference. A Guide for Planning Facilities for Athletics, Recreation, Physical and Health Education. The Athletic Institute, Inc., Chicago 4, Illinois. 1947. NEMA Standard Floodlight Layouts for Floodlighting Sports Areas. National Electrical Manufacturers Association, New York. 1949. Official Sports Library for Girls and Women. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Physical Education for Children of Elementary School Age. The Athletic Institute, 209 State Street, Chicago 4, Illinois. Planned Sportslighting. Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Cleveland. 1949. Standards in Sports for Girls and Women. National Section for Girls and Women's Sports of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. 1937; re- vised edition, 1953. Summary of the National Conference on Program Planning in Games and Sports for Boys and Girls of Elementary School Age, May 25-26, 1953. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. May 1953. C. ARTICLES. "Cardinal Athletic Principles" (Statement by the Joint Committee on Athletic Problems in Education of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation and the National Federation of State High School Athletic Associations.) Journal of Health and Physical Education, September 1947, pages 435, 557-58. Councell, W. M. "The Care of Athletic Fields", Athletic Journal, June, 1944. Dorr, "Bobby", "Construction and Maintenance of Baseball Diamonds", Parks and Recreation, Vol. XXXII. No. 1 (January, 1949). Howell, Fred E. "Common Errors in Planning Facilities", Athletic Journal, April. 1952. Schrupp, Manfred H. "The Differential Effects of the Development of Athletic Ability of a High Order". The Research Quarterly, May 1953, pages 218-222. "Standards in Athletics for Boys in Secondary Schools" (From the report of the Joint Committee on Standards for Interscholastic Athletics of the National Association of Secondary School Principals, The National Federation of State High School Athletic Associations, and the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation.) Bulletin of the National Associa- tion of Secondary School Principals, March 1950, pages 210-211; and the Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recrea- tion, September 1951, pages 17-18, 20. Tuttle, Harris B., Odell, Howard and Ketchman, Sam. "Motion Picture Symposium", The Athletic Journal, April 1948. VISUAL ADDS. Bernhard, Frederica and Fish, Marjorie E. Sports Teaching Aids: Audio- Visual. 1954 Edition. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Your Guide to Aids for Physical Education, Athletics and Recreation. The Athletic Institute, 209 South State Street, Chicago 4, Illinois. "Basketball Audio- Visual Aids". Official Basketball Guide, September, 1953- September, 1954. pages 48-50. National Section for Girls and Women's Sports, The American Association for Health, Physical Education and Re- creation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Bailey Films, Inc., P. O. Box 2528, Hollywood 28, California. (Film Rentals — 6509 DeLongree Avenue, Hollywood 28, California) (Swimming and diving, basketball, gymnastics, football, golf, baseball, wrestling, track, etc.) Write for catalogue. Modern Baseball (sound film) . Produced by Official Sports Film Service and sponsored by Wdson Sporting Goods Company and General Mills. 1953 World Series. (16 mm. sound film) Hillerich and Bradsby, Depart- ment of N. R., Louisville, Kentucky. Rules of Girls Basketball. (6 filmstrips in full color). American Associa- tion for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Sources of Sports Films National Film Service (National School Supply Company, Inc.) . Raleigh, Richmond, Louisville. (Football, basketball, swimming, track, wrestling, baseball, tennis. Write for catalogue.) Sports Film Guide. The Athletic Institute, 209 South Street, Chicago 4, Illinois. (Good for all sports.) Text-Film Department, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 3 30 West 42nd Street, New York 36, New York. (Among others: "Nine Bad Shots of Golf", "Play Ball", and "Sports Golden Age".) 39 Sport STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION Raleigh, N. C. ATHLETIC ELIGIBILITY LIST __ Boys Girls Athletic Form No. 2 9-16.53.10M Race County or City Administrative Unit Date _ Requirements: 1. All North Carolina Public Schools that participate in inter-school athletic contests, by boys and/or girls including white, Negro, and Indian Schools, are required to abide by the State Board of Education REGULATIONS GOVERNING ATHLETICS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA. 2. Certification as to eligibility of all contestants is to be made either, (1) to the association or conference in the State recognized by the State Advisory Committee on Athletics to which the school belongs or, (2) if not a member of an association, to the North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction. Procedure for Filing Eligibility Blanks: Principals of schools that do not belong to a recognized athletic association or conference in North Carolina are to send duplicate copies of this eligibility blank to the county or city superintendent. The superintendent will keep one copy on file and will send the other to the State Advisory Committee on Athletics, State Department of Public Instruction, Raleigh, North Carolina. A copy of the eligibility list is to be kept on file in the school. Principals of schools that do belong to a recognized athletic conference or association will file eligibility blanks with the respective conference or association on blanks to be provided by said conference or association. Name of Contestants (List Alphabetically — last name first) GRADE * DATE OP BIRTH GRADE ' DATE OF BIRTH 1. 21. 2. 22. 3. 23. 4. 24. 5. 25. 6. 26. 7. 27. 8. 28. 9. 29. 10. 30. 11. 31. 12. 32. 13. 33. 14. 34. 15 35. 16. 36. 17. 37. 18. 38. 19. 39. 20. 40. *Year entered 9th grade. I hereby certify that I am familiar with the State Board of Education REGULATIONS GOVERNING ATHLETICS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF NORTH CAROLINA, that I have personally checked the above list, that each person whose name appears has complied in all respects with the requirements for eligibility as adopted by the State Board of Education, and that I will be responsible for seeing that all of the "Regula- tions" of the State Board of Education will be adherred to by the School during the current year. Date: Signed: , Principal Approved: , School Superintendent 40 FOR USE ONLY IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION Form No. A-368, Rev. 8/95 ?/