Virginia Folk-Lore Society A Great Movement to Col- lect ands Save to the State and Nation the English and Scottish Ballads Surviving in this Commonwealth Teachers, Pupils and School Patrons Asked to Help Issued by the Department of Public Instruction | RICHMOND DAVIS BOTTOM, SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC PRINTING 1914 e ELE ANTES SEES, ENS EPS POM ELI I ERO At = ae g . - ,* ‘es Teachers Should Lend Assistance gt Sh wealth great. Climate, soil, location and topography are hers, as well as traditions and the “breed and disposition” of her people. Virginia’s latest revelations of wealth are two and both have come as with the miner’s pick. One is material, the other spiritual. Witness the great development of coal and iron during the past twenty years. That is the material side of our story. ‘The spiritual gift, on the other hand, is a literary treasure- trove, the ballad,—found also for the most part in our mountains. There descendants of the sturdy Scotch-Irish immigrants have kept alive those wonderful English and Scottish ballads of the fifteenth century—songs which remain today ‘“‘as fresh and moving in their simple beauty, as poignant in their pathos and as _ heart-stirring in their rude power as when they were first sung.” This source of spiritual wealth, this breath of song, fresh as the breezes which fan the cheeks of a mountain lassie, is being unearthed and restored to the world through the etforts of folk-lore societies. ‘The United States Bureau of Education has commis- sioned Dr. C. Alphonso Smith, of the University of Virginia, to in- stitute a nation-wide search for versions of these old ballads that helped to mould the character of men and women who made up the larger part of the Colonial population of this country. Dr. Smith knows that his home is in the very midst of his richest field and he has honored our State school system by insisting that the public school teachers are better fitted than any others to inaugurate and prosecute the search. He is trying to stimulate ballad research in all the States but actually to collect only the ballads surviving in Virginia. Transmitted entirely by oral tradition, the ballads under the influences of modern life already have been driven into remote neighborhoods and they will soon be forgotten. I bespeak the prompt and active efforts of teachers, pupils and patrons to recover this almost forgotten and widely hidden wealth. Gather up the fragments eagerly, gladly; gather them up quickly that nothing be lost. Vent TA is rich in everything that goes to make a Common- “Tn the highlands, in the country places, Where the old plain men have rosy faces And the young fair maidens Quiet eyes; Where essential silence cheers and blesses, And forever in the hill recesses Her more lovely music Broods and dies.” 598393 — 4 ee Virginia F olk-Lore Society eat There lies the treasure-trove to which I refer; and who will refuse to share the find with all the world which is waiting for it from the king upon his throne to the gardener in his cottage? R. C. STEARNEs, Superintendent of Publie Instruction A Great Movement in Which Everyone Can Help _ By C. Atpuonso Surru, President of the Virginia Folk-Lore Society, University, Va. ENGLISH AND Scorrisn Batiaps.—One of the greatest pieces of research work ever done by an American was Prof. Francis J. Child’s edition in 10 parts of “The English and Scottish Popular Ballads” (1882-1898). He found that there were 305 of these old ballads, and nobody has yet succeeded in increasing or diminishing this number. You will find all of these ballads (except 5) and many variants of them in a single volume called “English and Scot- tish Popular Ballads,” edited by Helen Child Sargent and George Lyman Kittredge (Boston, 1904). ENGLISH AND Scottish Batuaps Surviving In AmeErtIcA—An interesting discovery made in recent years is that many of these old ballads were brought by the earliest settlers to the United States and have been kept alive through oral tradition ever since. Prof. Child made no studied attempt to collect these American survivals, noting them only incidentally. He reports. if mv count is correct, 2 in Maine, 2 in New Hampshire, 10 in Massachusetts, 5 in New York, 1 in Pennsylvania, 1 in Maryland, 4 in Virginia, 4 in North Carolina, and 1 in South Carolina. If we omit duplicates, the total is only 17. Now, however, at least 56 of the ballads in Prof. Child’s list have been found in the United States and the search has hardly begun. i, ImporTance or CoLiEcTING AMERICAN SuRVIVALS.—Sidnev Lanier did not overstate it when he said of these old ballads, “T know that he who walks in the way these following ballads point will be manful in necessary fight, fair in trade, loyal in love, gener- ous to the poor, tender in the household, prudent in living, plain in speech. merry upon occasion, simple in behavior, and honest in all things.” But if our American versions are not collected quickly they can never be collected at all. It is now or never. Many in- fluences are tending to obliterate them. Catchy, but empty, songs not worthy of comparison with them, the decadence of communal singing, the growing diversity of interests, the appeal to what is divisive and separative in our national life, the presence of the art1- ficial and self-conscious in modern writing are depriving our homes and schoolrooms of a kind of literature which, for community of feeling, for vigor of narrative, for vividness of portraiture, and for - utter simplicity of style and content is not surpassed in the whole history of English or American song. “he (Oe 2-1) rr Gia Varginia Foth-Lore Society THe Virernta Foix-Lore Socirery.—The Virginia Folk-Lore Society was organized in Richmond, April 17, 1913. Its main pur- pose, for the present at least, will be to collect and thus to save to the State and Nation the English and Scottish ballads surviving in Virginia. Twenty-six of the original 305 ballads have, in whole or in part, already been found in Virginia. No other single State has reported so large a number. Five of those reported from Vir- ginia have been found nowhere else in the United States. This is an excellent beginning and fully justifies the statement made in our first Bulletin: “No State in the Union offers so rich a field for the student of folk-lore as Virginia.” But only seventeen counties have been heard from, and one of these, Rockingham, has furnished exactly half of the ballads thus far found. There is no reason to think that Rockingham has more ballads than any other county, but it has been more intellingently and systematically worked. There is also no reason to think that Tidewater Virginia has fewer bal- lads than the portions of the State lying farther west, but the Tide- water counties are almost unrepresented in our list of finds. Enough ballads have been collected, however, from the different secfions of the State to convince the members of the Virginia Folk-Lore Society that no county need go unrepresented. The great need is for intelligent co-operation. This is an educational work in which all can help who will. The teachers of the State, however, espe- cially those in the common schools, can help most effectively. How You Can Herp.—You can help by reading carefully the subjoined list of the 305 English and Scottish ballads and by send- ing to the President of the Vir ginia Folk-Lore Society, at the Uni- versity of Virginia, any version or versions of these ballads that you may know. If they are all unfamiliar to you, perhaps there is a pupil in your school, or a parent, or a patron. or a friend not con- nected with the school, who knows or is likely to know several of them. The report even of a fragment will be welcome. You will be surprised to find that many versions of these old ballads are at vour very door or may be obtained by a little effort and tact. Write the ballad down just as it is sung, mistakes and all, and tell when, where, and from whom it was learned. Send the music, too, if you ean. Remember that two versions of the same ballad are almost as valuable as two different ballads. Nothing learned from books is wanted. Virginia Folk-Lore Society 7 Tue Competes List.—Here are the titles in alphabetical order of the 305 English and Scottish ballads collected and numbered by Professor Child, his numbering being retained. The different names under which some of these ballads go are given in parentheses. The starred ballads are those that have been found in one or more ver- sions in Virginia. Please keep this list for reference. Adam Bell, Clim of the Clough, and William of Cloudesly, 116. Alison and Willie, 256 (My Love She Lives in Lincolnshire). Alison Gross, 35. Andrew Laminie, 233 (The Trumpe- ter of Fyvie). Archie o’ Cawfield, 188. Auld Matrons, 249. Babylon. 14 (The Bonnie Banks o’ Fordie). The Baffled Knight, 112 (The Over Courteous Knight). The Bailiff's Daughter of Islington, 105 (True Love Requited). The Baron of Brackley, 203. The Baron o’ Leys, 241. The Battle of Harlaw, 163. The Battle of Otterburn, 161. The Battle of Philiphaugh, 202. The Beggar-Laddie, 202 (The Shep- herd Boy). The Bent sae Brown, 71. *Bessie Bell and Mary Gray, 201. Bewick and Graham, 211. Blancheflour and Jellyflorice, 300. The Bold Pedlar and Robin Hood, 132; Bonnie Annie, 24 (The High Banks o’ Yarrow). Bonny Baby Livingston, 222 (Bar- bara Livingston). *Bonny Barbara Allan, 84 (Barbara Allen’s Cruelty, Barbara Hllen, Barbro Allen). Bonny Bee Hom, 92. The Bonny Birdy, 82. The Bonny EHarl of Murray, 181. The Bonny Hind, 50. The Bonnie House o’ Airlie, 199. Bonnie James Campbell, 210 (Bonnie George Campbell). Bonny John Seton, 198. The Bonny Lass of Anglesey, 220. Bonnie Lizie Baillie, 227. Bothwell Bridge, 206. The Boy and the Mantle, 29. The Braes o’ Yarrow, 214 Dowy Houms o’ Yarrow). (The The Broom of Cowdenknows, 217 (The Laird of Knotington, Bonny May). The Broomfield Hill, 43 sere ll Wager): Broughty Wa’s, 258 (Burd Helen). Brown Adam, 98 (Brown Edom). The Brown Girl, 295 (The Bonny Brown Girl). Brown Robin, 97 (Love Robbie). Brown Robyn’s Confession, 57. Burd Ellen and Young Tamlane, 28. Burd Isabel and Earl] Patrick, 257 (Burd Bell). Captain Car, 178 (Edom o’ Gordon). Captain Ward and the Rainbow, 287. Captain Wedderburn’s Courtship, 46 (The Earl of Rosslyn’s Daugh- ter). The Carnal and the Crane, 55. Charlie MacPherson, 234. The Cherry-Tree Carol, 54 (Joseph Was an Old Man). Child Maurice, 83 Gil Morice). Child Owlet, 291. Child Waters, 63 (Burd Ellen). Christopher White, 108. Clerk Colvill, 42 (The Mermaid). Clerk Saunders, 69. (T’ll Wa- (Child Noryce, 8 Virginia Folk-Lore Society The Clerk’s Twa Sons o’ Owsenford, 72. Clyde’s Water, 216 (The Mother’s Malison, Willie and May Marga- ret). The Coble o’ Cargill, 242. The Crafty Farmer, 283 (The Crafty Miller). Crow ‘andy Pies I: The Crue] Brother, 11 (The Bride’s Testament). *The Cruel Mother, 20 (The Duke’s Daughter’ s Cruelty, Greenwood Side, Three Little Babes). *The Daemon Lover, 243 Harris, The House Carpenter, ‘Carpenter’s Wife). The Death of Parcy Reed, 193. The Death of Queen Jane, 170 (Queen Jeanie). Dick o’ the Cow, 185. Dives and Lazarus, 56. Drumclog, 205 (Loudon Ges Dugall Quin, 294 (Donald McQueen’s Flight wi Lizie Menzie). The Duke of Athole’s Nurse, 212. The Duke of Gordon’s Daughter, 237 (The Duke of Gordon’s Three Daughters). Durham Field, 159. Earl Bothwell, 174. *Harl: Brand, 7 (The Douglas Tra- gedy, Fair Ellender, The Seven Brothers, Sweet William and Fair Ellen, The Child of Ell). Earl Crawford, 229. The Earl of Aboyne, 235. het Warl’-of..Wirrol +231 (Kate Car- negie). The Harl of Mar’s Daughter, 270, The Earl of Westmoreland, 177. Earl Rothes, 297. *Kdward, 13 (What is that on the end of your sword?) The Elfin Knight, 2 (The Wind Hath Blown my Plaid Away, The Cam- bric Shirt). (James The Eppie Morrie, 228. Erlinton, 8. Fair Annie, 62 (Lord Thomas and - Fair Annie, Burd Helen, Lady Jane). The Fair Flower of Northumberland, 9 (The Ungrateful Knight and the Fair Flower of Northumberland). Fair Janet, 64 (Fair Janet and Sweet William). : *Kair Margaret and Sweet William, 74 (Margaret’s Ghost, Lady Mar- get, William and Margaret). Fair Mary of Wallington, 91 (The Bonny Earl of Livingston). The False Knight Upon the Road, 3. The False Lover Won Back, 218 (The Place Where My Love John- ny Dwells). The Famous Flower of Men, 106. The Farmer’s Curst Wife, 278° (The Old Man Under the Hill, A Wo- man and the Devil). Fause Foodrage, 89 (The Eastmure King and the Westmure King). The Fire of Frendraught, 196. Flodden Field, 168. | The Friar in the Well, 276 (The Friar Well Fitted, The Friar and Fair Maid). The Gardener, 219. The Gay Goshawk, 96. Geordie, 209 (The Laird of Gigh, Georgia). The George Aloe and the Sweep- stake, 285. A Gest of Robyn Hode, 117. Get Up and Bar the Door, 275 (John Blunt). Gil Brenton, 5. Glasgerion, 67. (Glenkindie). Glasgow Peggie, 228. Glenlogie, 238 (Jean o’ Bethelnie). *The Golden Vanity, 286 (The Low -Servineg- _ Vargunia Polk-Lore Society ‘Lands Low, The Sweet Trinity, ~ The French Galley, The Little Cabin Boy, The Green Willow Tree, The Yellow Golden Tree). The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry, 113, The Grey Cock, 248 (Saw You My Father?). Gude Wallace, 157 (Sir William Wallace). The Gypsy Laddie, 200 (Johnny Faa, The Gypsy Davy, The Gypsy Dai- sy, Lord Garrick, Black Jack Da- ley). The Heir of Linne, 267. Henry Martyn, 250 (Andrew Bartin, Andy Bardan). Hind Etin, 41 (Young Akin) Hind Horn, 17. Hobie Noble, 189. The Holy Nunnery, 303. Hugh Spencer’s Feats in France, 158 (Hugh Spencer). Hughie Grame, 191 (The Life and. Death of Sir Hugh of the Grime). The Hunting of the Cheviot, 162 (Chevy Chase). James Grant, 197. James Hatley, 244 (Jamie O’Lee). Jamie Douglas, 204 (Lord Douglas, The Laird of Blackwood). Jamie Telfer in the Fair Dodhead, OU. ay Jellon Grame, 90 Crd tLea iy). The Jew’s Daughter, 155 (Sir Hugh, Hugh of Lincoln, The Jew’s Garden, Little Harry Hughes and the Duke’s Daughter). Jock o’ the Side, 187 (John a Side). Jock the Leg and the Merry Mer- chant, 282. John Dory, 284. *John of Hazelgreen, 293 (Jock 0’- Hazelgreen. ) John Thomson and the Turk, 266. Johnie Armstrong, 169 (Johny Arm- | We strong’s Last Goodnight). Johnie Cock, 114 (Johnie of Cock- erslee). Johnie Scott, 99 Scot). The Jolly Beggar, 279. The Jolly Pinder of Wakefield, 124. Judase 2s. (Jack, the Little ‘Katherine Jaffray, 221 (The Laird of Laminton). The Keach i che Creel, 281. Kemp Owyne, 34 (Kempion). Kempyo kay 33: | King Arthur and King Cornwall, 30. king Edward the Fourth and a Tan- nereor Lamworth, 273. King E'stmere, 60. King Henry, 32. King Henry Fifth's France, 164. King James and Brown, 180. King John and the Bishop, 45 (King john and the Abbot of Canter- bury). King Orfeo, 19. Conquest. of The King’s Disguise and Friendship with Robin Hood, 151. The King’s Dochter Lady Jean, 52. Kinmont Willie, 186. The Kitchie-Boy, 252. The Knight and Shepherd’s Daugh- ter, 110 (The Beautiful Shepherd- ess of Arcadia). The Knight of Liddesdale, 160. The Knight’s Ghost, 265. The Lads of Wamphray, 184. *Lady Alice, 85 (Giles Collins, Geo. Collins). Lady Diamond, 269 (Lady Daisy). Lady Elspat, 247. Lady Isabel, 261. *Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight, 4 (The Gowans Sae Gay, The Water o’ Wearie’s Well, May Collin, Pret- ty Polly, The King’s Daughter, Six Pretty Fair Maids, The Six Kings’ 10 Virginia Folk-Lore Society Daughters, The Seventh King’s *Lord Randal, 12 (Lord Donald, The Daughter, The Pretty Golden Rope and the Gallows, Lord Lan. Queen). toun, Sweet William, Fair Elson, Lady Maisry, 65. The Lady of Arngosk, 224. The Laily Worm and the Machrel of the Sea, 36. The Laird o Drum, 236. The Laird o Logie, 182 (The Young Laird of Ochiltrie). The Laird of Wariston, 194. Lamkin, 93 (Lambert Linkin, Long Longkin ).. Lang Johnny More, 251. *The Lass of Roch Royal, 76 (Fair Isabel of Roch Royal, Fair Anny, Cold Winter’s Night, Bosom Friend, Lover’s Farewell). 15 (The Leesome' Brand, Broom Blooms Bonnie). Little John a Begging, 142 (Little John and the Four Beggars). Little Musgrave and Lady Barnard, 81 (Lord Vanner’s Wife, Daniel’s Wife). Lizie Lindsay, 226 (Donald of the Isles). Lizie Wan, 51. The Lochmaben Harper, 192 (The Blind Harper). Lord Delamere, 207 (The Long-Arm- ed Dukey. Lord Derwentwater, 208 (Lord Dun- waters). Lord Ingram and Chiel Wyet, 66 (Lord Ingram and Gil Viett). Lord Livingston, 262. *fLord Lovel, 75 (Lady Ouncebell, Lord Lavel, Lord Lovely, Lord Lovinder ). Lord Lundy, 254 Sweet. William). Lord Maxwell’s Last Goodnight, 195. The Lord.of Lorn and the False Steward, 271. (Lord William, Lord ~ Sweet Nelson, Teronto, Tyrante, Tyranting, Terence, Orlando, Du- rango, Fileander). Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie, 239. *Lord Thomas and Fair Annet, 73 (Lord Thomas and Fair Ellinor, Fair Ellender and the Brown Girl, Thomas and Ellender, Little F)- eanor). Lord Thomas and Lady Margaret, 260. Lord Thomas Stuart, 259. The Maid and the Paimer, 21 ( The Samaritan Woman). “ine Maid Freed fiom the Gallows, 95 (The Hangman’s Tree). ‘‘he Marriage of Sir Gawain, 31. Mary Hamilton, 173. *The Mermaid, 289 (The Seamen’s Distress, The Stormy Winds Do Blow, Shipwreck). Musseiburgh Field, 172. The New Slain Knight, 263. Northumberland Betrayed by Doug- las, 176. Old Robin of Portingale, 80. *Our Goodman, 274 (The Merry Cuckold and Kind Wife, The Old Man). The Outlaw Murray, 305. Prince Heathen, 104 (The Disconso- late Lady). Prince Robert, 87 (Earl Robert). Proud Lady Margaret, 47 (Fair Mar- garet). Queen Eleanor’s Confession, 156. The Queen of Elfan’s Nourice, 40. The Queen of Scotland, 301. The .Rantin Laddie, 240 Aboyne). (Lord Rare Willie Drowned in Yarrow, 215 (The Water o’ Gamrie, Willie’s Rare and Willie’s Fair. Virginia Folk-Lore Society Redesdale and Wise William, 246. Richie Story, 232. Riddles Wisely Expounded, 1 (The Cambric Shirt). ; ‘The Rising in the North, 175. Rob Roy, 225. Robin Hood and Allen a Dale, 138. Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, 118. | *Robin Hood and Little John, 125. Robin Hood and Maid Marian, 150. Robin Hood and Queen Katherine, 145 (Renowned Robin Hood). Robin Hood and the Beggar, I, 133; Robin Hood and the Beggar, II, 134. Robin Hood and the Bishop, 143. Robin Hood and the Bishop of Here- ford, 144. Robin Hood and the Butcher, 122. Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar, 123 (Robin Hood and Friar Tuck). Robin Hood and the Golden Arrow, 152. Robin Hood and the Monk, 118. Robin Hood and the Pedlars, 1387. Robin Hood and the Potter, 121. Robin Hood and the Prince of Ara- gon, 129 (Robin Hood, Will Scad- lock and Little John). Robin Hood and the Ranger, 181. Robin Hood and the Scotchman, 130. Robin Hood and the Shepherd, 135. *Robin Hood and the Tanner, 126 (Robin Hood and Arthur o’ Bland) Robin Hood and the Tinker, 127. Robin Hood and the Valiant Knight, Tbe: Robin Hood Newly Revived, 128. Robin Hood Rescuing Three Squires, 140 (Robin Hood Rescuing the Widow’s Three Sons). *Robin Hood Rescuing Will Stutly, 141. Robin Hood’s Birth, Breeding, Valor, and Marriage, 149. 7 Robin Hood’s Chase, 146. *Robin Hood’s Death, 120. Robin Hood’s Delight, 136. Robin Hood’s Golden Prize, 147. Robin Hood’s Preferment, 148 (The Noble Fisherman). Robin Hood’s Progress to Notting- ham, 139. Robyn and Gandeleyn, 115. Rookhope Ryde, 179. The Rose of England, 166. Rose the Red and White Lily, 103. St. Stephen and Herod, 22. Sheath and Knife, 16. Sir: Aldingar,. 099 .0oLh Blond). Sir Andrew Barton, 167. Sir Cawline, 61. Sir James the Rose, 213. Sir John Butler, 165. *Sir Lionel, 18 (Isaac-a-Bell and Hugh the Graeme, Old Bangum, Bangum and the Boar). Sir Patrick Spens, 58 (Sir Patrick Spence). The Slaughter of the Laird of Mel- Hughie lerstain, 230. The Suffolk Miracle, 272. Sweet William’s Ghost, Tam Lin, 39. Thomas Cromwell, 171. Thomas O’ Yonderdale, 253. Thomas Rymer, 37. The Three Ravens, 26 Corbies). Tom Potts, 109. Trooper and Maid, 299. A True Tale of Robin Hood, 154. The Twa Brothers, 49 (Little Wil- lie). The Twa Knights, 268. The Twa Magicians, 44. *The Twa Sisters, 10 (Lord of Old Country, The Old Man in the North Countree, the Miller and the King’s Daughter). The Unquiet Grave, 78. Ce (The Twa 2 Virginia Folk-Lore Society Walter Lesly, 296. The Wee Wee Man, 38. The West-Country Damosel’s plaint, 292. The White Fisher, 264. The Whummil Bore, 27. The Wife of Usheér’s Well, 79 (Lady Gay, The Widow-Woman, Three Little Babes, The Lone Widow). “The Wife Wrapt in Wether’s Skin, 277 (Dandoo, Sweet Robin, Robin He’s Gane to the Wude). Will Stewart and John, 107. Willie and Earl Richard’s Daughter, 102 (The Birth of Robin Hood). Willie and Lady Maisry, 70 (Willie the Widow’s Son). Willie Macintosh, 188 (The Burning of Auchindown). ; Willie o’ Douglas Dale, 101. Willie o’ Winsbury, 100. Willie’s Fatal Visit, 255. Willie’s Lady, 6. Coni- Willie’s Lyke-Wake, 25. The Wylie Wife of the Hie Toun- Hie, 290, "3 Young Allan, 245. Young Andrew, 48. Young Bearwell, 302. *Young Beichan, 53 (Lord Bacon, Lord Bateman, Lord Bakeman, The Turkish Lady, Lord Beham, Young. Bekie). Young Benjie, 86. The Young Har] of Essex’s Victory Over the Emperor of Germany, 288 (Queen Elizabeth’s Champion) Young Hunting, 68 (Loving Henry, Sweet William and Fair Ellender). Young Johnstone, 88 (The Cruel. Knight). Young Peggy, 298. Young Ronald, 304. Young Waters, 94. OFFICERS OF THE VIRGINIA FOLK-LORE SOCIETY: President—Prorressor C. ALPHoNsSo SmiTH, University of Virginia. Secretary and Treasurer—PRoFESSOR WALTER A. Montgomery, Richmond College, Richmond. Vice-Presidents—Prorressor Grorck M. Bain, Norfolk High School, Norfolk; PRoressor W. 8. CurRELL, Washington and Lee University, Lexington ; Miss.Martua M. Davis, Harrisonburg High School, Harrisonburg; Proressor J. M. Gratnarr, State Female Normal School, Farmville; PresipEnt E. H. Russerz, State Normal and Industrial School,Fredericksburg Miss JANE RUTHERFORD, Richmond.