M 
 
 UNC 
 
 HEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARY 
 
 The Sheldon Peck Collection 
 on the History of Orthodontics 
 and Dental Medicine 
 
 Gift of 
 
 Sheldon Peck, DDS 1966 
 
 and 
 
 Leena Peck, DMD 
 

 ^ ...K . - - K >-■ ■• /;:• ‘vi’ 
 
 '*-■^.1 'w. ■-'■•. •“■'■ . '• ''' ‘' -li'■ '):■■’vi'.-'-istj 
 
 - a^K ^V T ' •,»•', '^'■ 1 ,^ .' j ■ '*•.•■ ' ■ . ^ X 
 
 Ajiii ^+aGi;. •.■.».; l ,■• ■' .. *■ ,•■ " ■ 
 
 r.j: V.- v-*' - ■, V .; , f : 
 
 '”■ I'* v 7 • •• 
 
 ^ lid i ■’•■ ' 'M'A'*'^.. ' !' l.'.V • 'l.'- fV '< j:- . ' ••..,• I- •', : .*■’ 
 
 .... -k H,., , , v,‘■ -iV’-f- • '‘' • ’^'■•f:.- “r.v ■ Cv^Vv ■* 
 
 ... . i ■ .ri-'. > '?■ •. '.•«' V 
 
 ■' naly #*. ' ■-. ■ ^ -' . _Tii 
 
 ■>*' - Ub ‘ •. ^ 
 
 apv 
 
 fifi. 
 
 Ik . F g 
 
 ,.v 7 ,-» ■* 
 \ * ' • . 
 
 
 , "• ■ .*,' ■• 'r^ 
 
 ruilS? •«'. /■.'■ < i.:. .' ■'* ■' I ,^4 ,./.•• t *' •* '*.. * ■ 
 
 BKs.rv -/ - 'v-’ 
 
 ^-''■ p^.- V :. ■ ■- •. 7 .: ^ i/V-' 
 
 A'!:'- > '•■ ■', -il 
 
 yp i-.‘ 
 
 v, ;7., tW‘^y'r’% vrV>3H^fW ,/v 
 
 
 
 ■-* T^y^L, ■ 
 
 
 
 a - • 9 - • PC^B^-. V •. ' i « . • fI- Jcri.iTb ' tk- 
 
 '< . k'-T ;i * • r.'' >‘> ■' 
 
 ..'|? 4 .- ' 1 ^^*^ 7 .^;f*'%^;: 4 -'. ' 4 # 
 
 r ’rt.^ .. ‘ i<i. '. y .V . . .* ►. I' 1 I . ‘ 'r . ‘ . r ' 
 
 ■Si.^ ■': ^ 'r 
 
 r t 
 
KNAPP SYSTEM 
 
 OF 
 
 TEETH REGULATION 
 
 WITH 
 
 ARCH BAR EXEMPLIFICATIONS 
 
 BY 
 
 MILAND A. KNAPP, D. D. S. 
 
 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., U. S. A. 
 
 THE S. S. WHITE DENTAL MFG. CO. 
 
 SOLE AGENT 
 
 CHESTNUT St., Cor. Twelfth. PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 BRANCHES 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 BOSTON: 
 CHICAGO; 
 BROOKLYN: 
 ATLANTA: 
 ROCHESTER: 
 NEW ORLEANS: 
 
 S 5,7 AND 9 Union Square, West 
 ( Windsor Arcade, 5th Ave. and 47th St. 
 
 120 BOYLSTON Street. 
 
 Randolph Street. Cor. Wabash Avenue. 
 356 AND 358 Fulton Street. 
 
 Prudential Building. 
 
 507-515 Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 810-815 HIBERNIA Building. 
 
 Cor. Carondelet and Gravier Streets. 
 
 BERLIN (Ger.) : - - Lindenstrasse 37 
 
 BUENOS AIRES, (R. A.): CALLE VICTORIA 750. 
 
 TORONTO. (Canada): - HO and 112 Victoria Street. 
 
 Dr. Bernhard W. WoIn6ora>i 
 
 119 West 67th St., New York 
 
Copyright 1904, by Miland A. Knapp, 
 
 Copyright 1907, by Miland A. Knapp. 
 
ARCH BAR APPLIANCES. 
 
 The arch bar No. 35 is one of the most used parts of these 
 appliances. It is a bar 5^2 inches long and threaded its entire 
 length. The threads on this arch bar are not cut in a die plate 
 as in common practice, but are cut with special machinery to 
 make the bar smooth after being threaded, so that it will not 
 irritate the soft tissues of the mouth any more than a smooth 
 bar would. This is an important consideration not found in 
 any other arch bar. The bar and threads are of the same di¬ 
 ameter and pitch as all the right hand threaded parts of the 
 appliances and all the different forms of nuts will operate on it 
 except No. 24, No. 38 and No. 54, which are used on the studs 
 of the studded bands only. The arch bar is of sufficient length 
 to encircle the largest arch and will generally make two bars 
 of ordinary length when used on the lingual side of the arch. 
 
 Greatly enlarged illustrations of the parts most commonly 
 used in making up the arch bar appliances are shown on page 
 2. Fig. 1 is the arch bar and Fig 2 the double socket clutch 
 tube bands used in anchoring the arch bar to the molars. These 
 bands are made in four lengths so as to fit any size molar and 
 the size wanted to fit a tooth can be easily determined by 
 measuring the tooth with a fire wire and comparing length of 
 the wire with the lengths of the measures Nos. 49, 50, 51 and 
 52, also shown in Fig. 2. 
 
 When the length of the tooth measure is between two 
 lengths of band measures, always select the shorter length, that 
 
 You can have appliances fitted to models so that they will be ready 
 to take off from the model and place in the mouth. No soldering re- 
 (|uired. See page 24. 
 
2 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 is, if the tooth measure should be between 50 and 51, select the 
 No. 50 band. 
 
 In Fig. 10 will be found measures for the four styles of 
 bands shown in Figs. 6 to 9, and the style of band wanted can 
 be told by referring to the illustration accompanying the band 
 measures. In ordering it is only necessary to give the number 
 of the band, as this will indicate the length and style desired. 
 For instance, a No. 3 band is the same length as No. 73, but a 
 No. 3 band is a studded button band, and a No. 73 is a button 
 band without a stud. 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 ■49 
 
 ■50 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 2({, 
 
Fig. 3. 
 
 Lock Natf No» 23 
 
 TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 Fig. 5. 
 
 Bar End Cap, No, 34 
 
 3 
 
 Fig. 4. 
 
 Clutch Nut, No, 22 
 
 Fig. 6. Fig. 7. 
 
 Studded Button Single Socket Button 
 Band Band 
 
 Fig. 8. 
 
 Button Band 
 Without Stud 
 
 Fig. 9. 
 
 Ligature Band 
 
 Fig. 10. 
 
 ^and Measures for Studded Button Bands* 
 
 ^and Measures for Single Socket Button Bands 
 
 ^and Measures for Button Bands Without Studs 
 
 ^and Measures for Ligature Bands 
 
 All busy operators can handle their own resrnlating: eases and real¬ 
 ize more per hour than in sold dllings, if they use regulating: appliances 
 that are READY TO APPLY WITHOUT THE SOLDERIIVG NUISANCE. 
 See page 25. 
 
4 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 Fig. 11 is an enlarged drawing of the double socket clutch 
 tube of the molar bands. A is the band to which the partial 
 tube B is attached. Each end of the tube is recessed, shown at 
 C to receive the cylindrical ends of the clutch nuts No. 22. The 
 
 Fig. 11. 
 
 operation of placing a threaded bar in position in a clutch tube 
 by passing it through the side of the tube is illustrated in Fig. 
 12. A represents the band, B the clutch tube, GG indicate the 
 
 Fig. 12. 
 
 threaded bar, and FF the clutch nuts No. 22. The clutch nuts 
 should be placed on the bar with their cylindrical portions 
 approaching each other, and they should be a little farther 
 apart than the length of -the clutch tube. Then the bar with 
 nuts in position, as shown at H, may be passed through the 
 opening of the clutch tube B. The bar is held in position in 
 the clutch tube as soon as the cylindrical end of one or both 
 nuts has been turned into the recessed end of the tube just a 
 
 All busy operators can liautllc tlieir o^vn regulating- cases and real¬ 
 ize more per hour than in gold tillings, if they use regulating appliances 
 that are READY TO APPLY WITHOUT THE SOLDERING NUISANCE. 
 See page 24. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 •« 
 
 short distance. By turning the nuts FF tightly into the 
 tube, as shown in Fig. 13, the bar is clamped firmly into the 
 tube. It cannot move forward, backward, or laterally, and the 
 nuts are also locked against the tube so they cannot become 
 loosened. 
 
 Fig. 13. 
 
 It will thus be seen that the clutch tube receives and holds 
 firmly the arch bar in connection with the anchor tooth through 
 the medium of the screwclamped molar band. The arch bar 
 is also allowed to be easily and quickly placed in position or 
 removed without taking the bands from the teeth or the clutch 
 nuts from the bar. 
 
 This last advantage will be duly appreciated by every 
 dentist who has attempted to place a nut on a bar or wire 
 after passing it through a tube or pipe fixed on a tooth band 
 in the mouth. He will well remember his efforts to put nuts 
 on traction bars or wire arches protruding from the distal ends 
 of the tubes on molar bands. 
 
 One of the advantages of these screw bands over all other 
 forms of screw bands is the special form of nut and collar used 
 in connection with the threaded screw. The collar is slotted 
 in the same manner as the clutch tube. This permits the 
 threaded bar to pass laterally through the side of the collar. 
 The screw band nut is recessed to receive the projection on 
 the collar, so that when the projection on the collar enters the 
 recessed portion of the nut, the nut, collar, and threaded screw 
 
 You can make teeth regulation holli pleasurable anti protitable if 
 you use modern methods. See pages 24 and 26. 
 
6 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 are held firmly in their relative positions. By removing the 
 collar from the nut the threaded bar may be passed laterally 
 through the collar and the band straightened out. Figs. 14, 15, 
 16, illustrate these points. 
 
 Fig. 14. Fig. 15. 
 
 In Fig. 14 the band is shown with the nut, collar and 
 screw in position ready for the band to be clamped to a tooth. 
 In Fig. 15 the collar is slipped backward on the bar so that the 
 projection is out of the recessed opening of the nut. Fig. 16 
 shows the band with the collar free from the screw. 
 
 Fig. 16. 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 30. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 7 
 
 Two nuts must always be used in operating a threaded bar* 
 in a clutch tube. This allows the bar to be operated equally 
 well in either direction and to be firmly locked in the tube dur¬ 
 ing the intervals between tightening. This is a most import¬ 
 ant consideration in the successful movement of teeth. 
 
 Fig. 17 
 
 In Fig. 17, C represents the clutch tube of a molar band, 
 A and B the clutch nuts No. 22, and DD a portion of a thread¬ 
 ed bar. When the nut A is loosened and the nut B tightened 
 the threaded bar DD will be moved in the direction indicated 
 by the arrow at H. When the nut B is loosened and the nut 
 A tightened the threaded bar will travel in the direction indi¬ 
 cated by the arrow at E. By tightening both the nuts A and 
 B firmly against the clutch tube the bar DD is locked in the 
 tube and cannot move in either direction. 
 
 The distance a tooth is moved each time the appliance is 
 tightened can be easily regulated by the number of revolutions, 
 or fractions of a revolution, the nuts are turned. One full revo¬ 
 lution of the nut moves the appliance one one-hundredth of an 
 inch. 
 
 When any of the bars are to be cut shorter, after the prop¬ 
 er length has been ascertained, they should be cut with wire 
 cutters and the bur removed with a file. After the bar has been 
 cut it will be flattened and widened as shown at A, Fig.18. This 
 
 You can have appliauces fitted to niodeLs so that they will he ready 
 to take off from the model and place in the mouth. No soldering re¬ 
 quired. See page 24. 
 
8 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 would prevent a nut being placed on or taken off this end of 
 the bar. 'The file D must be held at right angles to the bar 
 E, and the end filed to the point B. The end of the bar should 
 then be revolved against the file, holding it at an angle of 45 
 degrees, to finish the margin as shown at the opposite end of 
 the bar E. 
 
 Fig. 18. 
 
 Fig. 19. 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 36. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 9 
 
 When the threaded bars are to be bent, they should never 
 be bent around a square corner, nor should they be held with 
 steel pliers, as the thread will be injured. They may be bent 
 with the fingers or as shown in Fig. 19. The bar B should be 
 laid on a flat surface, preferably wood, another piece of wood 
 C, should be cut to the desired shape, pressed firmly down on 
 the bar and the end D of the bar raised until in contact with 
 the rounded surface of the block C. Short curves may be made 
 by bending the bar around a lead pencil. 
 
 A typical arch bar appliance is shown in Fig. 20. In this 
 case the lateral incisor teeth are to be moved forward into 
 line. It will be noticed that the arch bar is placed on the 
 lingual side of the arch, as this is far better than placing it on 
 the outside as is done in so many cases, for the reason that it 
 affords much less inconvenience to the patient who is wearing 
 it, besides being inconspicuous. It is also easier to operate and 
 is far less complicated. 
 
 When two or more incisor teeth are to be moved forward, 
 if the arch bar is placed on the lingual side of the arch it will 
 only be necessary to band two teeth to keep the bar in position, 
 therefore all that would show would be the bands on the two 
 teeth. The arch bar appliance proper being entirely concealed 
 by the teeth themselves, while if the arch bar is placed on the 
 labial side of the arch it is necessary to band each tooth that is 
 to be moved and then make connections from the arch bar to 
 each tooth that has been banded. This makes a very uncleanly 
 and unsightly arrangement besides being unnecessarily com¬ 
 plicated, and such practice is decidedly wrong, for in ninety- 
 five per cent of the cases the arch bar can be placed on the 
 lingual side of the arch. There are a few cases where it is 
 necessary to place it on the labial side, but these cases are not 
 those where the incisors are to be moved forward. 
 
 You cau make teeth regulation both pleasurable and profitable if 
 you use modern methods. See pages 24 and 26. 
 
10 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 To return to the appliance shown in Fig. 20, it will be 
 noticed that the laterals are banded with button bands the 
 same as shown in Fig. 8. If so desired these teeth can, of 
 course, be banded with studded button bands as shown in Fig. 
 6, the stud projecting labially, then the studs will afford at¬ 
 tachments for retainers after the movement of the laterals 
 had been completed, making it unnecessary to remove the 
 bands to place retaining appliances in position. 
 
 The bands in either case should be placed so that the arch 
 bar will pass around on the lingual side of the arch between the 
 buttons of the bands and the gum. These buttons will then 
 hold the arch bar in position so that it will not slip toward the 
 incisal edges of the teeth when pressure is exerted. 
 
 The arch bar No. 35 is then bent to conform to the shape 
 of the arch and passes through the clutch tubes of the molar 
 bands H and G. These molar bands are clamped to the molar 
 teeth by the nuts I and J. The arch bar should be bent so as to 
 rest easily in the clutch tubes, that is, have no lateral spring 
 action if no lateral expansion of the arch is required. It will 
 
 therefore be seen that in cases where it is desirable to in¬ 
 crease the arch laterally as well as anteriorally, this can be 
 
 accomplished by bending the arch bar so it is wider than the 
 arch and must be sprung into position. When this is done the 
 arch will be expanded at the same time the incisors are being 
 moved forward. 
 
 It will be noticed there are bar end caps No. 34 on the 
 distally projecting ends of the arch bar No. 35. These bar end 
 caps are to protect the soft tissues of the mouth from any ir¬ 
 ritation that might be caused by the projecting ends of the arch 
 bar. This, of course, is not always necessary, but in cases 
 where the anterior teeth must be moved forward a consider¬ 
 able distance, the arch bar must, of course, project distally a 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 36. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 11 
 
 corresponding amount and by using the bar end caps these 
 projecting ends can be much longer without irritating the soft 
 palate than would be the case if no end caps were used. 
 
 After an appliance of this form has been placed in the 
 mouth it is always necessary that the arch bar should move 
 forward through the clutch tubes of the molar bands to ac¬ 
 complish the anterior movement of the laterals and to tighten 
 
 Fig. 20. 
 
 the appliance the nuts C and D should be loosened, that is, 
 turned backward on the arch bar a revolution or fraction there¬ 
 of, according to the amount of forward movement desired 
 each time the appliance is tightened, therefore, after these 
 nuts, C and D, have been turned one full revolution (four 
 quarter turns), this will permit the arch bar to move forward 
 one one-hundredth of an inch and the movement is accom¬ 
 plished by turning the nuts A and B, one revolution in the 
 same direction that C and D were turned. This moves the 
 
 You can have appliances fitted to models so that they will he ready 
 to take offi from the model and place in the mouth. No soldering; re¬ 
 quired. See pag;e 24. 
 
12 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 arch bar forward and draws the nuts C and D into the clutch 
 tubes. 
 
 A and B should, of course, be turned tightly into the tubes 
 so as to again lock the appliance. By repeating this every two 
 or three days the arch bar is moved forward a certain amount 
 each time and holds the amount of movement absolutely until 
 the operator again tightens the appliance. 
 
 If it is desired to move the teeth forward one two-hun¬ 
 dredth of an inch the nuts C and D should be turned back¬ 
 ward one-half revolution (two quarter turns), and the nuts A 
 and B in the same direction a corresponding amount. It will 
 thus be seen that if the nuts are turned one-quarter of a revo¬ 
 lution the appliance is moved one four-hundredth of an inch 
 and two revolutions move it one-fiftieth of an inch. These 
 points must be remembered and the appliance operated accord¬ 
 ingly if the teeth are to be moved successfully and painlessly. 
 The amount of movement permissible is determined by the 
 age of the patient, the direction of the tooth movement, and 
 the stage of the operation. 
 
 Fig. 21 shows some practical applications of the button 
 bands and ligature bands when used in connection with an 
 arch bar appliance. In this case the incisor teeth are to be 
 moved forward so as to make room for the left cuspid which 
 is then to be drawn into the arch. The left central and right 
 first bicuspid are to be rotated. 
 
 The band E is cemented to the right lateral and the band G 
 to the left central. These bands serve to hold the anterior 
 portion of the arch bar No. 35 in position, as the arch bar pass¬ 
 es between the buttons of the bands and the gum. The band 
 E is a button band, the buttons serving to hold the arch bar in 
 position. The band G is a ligature band, as it is necessary to 
 have the extra button for the attachment of the rubber liga- 
 
 ‘<Orthodoiitia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for tbe progrressive operator. See paj^e 26. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 13 
 
 ture. The button band H is used on the cuspid as it is only 
 necessary to prevent the rubber ligature from slipping off the 
 tooth and the buttons serve this purpose. The bicuspid band 
 D is also a ligature band, the central button affords attachment 
 for a ligature to draw the lingual side of the tooth distally. 
 
 The bands A and B are double socket clutch tube bands 
 No. 50. These serve to connect the arch bar to the molar 
 teeth, the arch bar passes thru the clutch tubes of bands A and 
 
 Fig. 21. 
 
 B and then around the anterior portion of the arch between the 
 buttons of the bands E and G and the gum. The arch bar is 
 operated to move the incisors forward in the same manner as 
 described under Fig. 20. 
 
 As the arch bar moves the incisors forward the rubber lig¬ 
 ature which is looped over it and is connected to the cuspid, 
 serves to draw the cuspid into line as fast as space is made for 
 it. 
 
 You can make teeth reg^ulation both pleasurable and profitable if 
 you use modern methods. See pages 24 and 26. 
 
14 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 The rotation of the tooth G is accomplished by the rubber 
 ligature J. This rubber is also looped over the arch bar and 
 passes between the central incisor teeth. The action of the 
 rubber passing as it does, will separate the incisors, at the 
 same time it draws the mesial edge of the central lingually. 
 The arch bar pressing against the disto-lingual angle of the 
 central prevents this portion of the tooth from being moved, 
 as the mesial portion is drawn lingually and rotation of the 
 tooth is accomplished. 
 
 A rubber ligature, K, is passed over the distal end of the 
 clutch tube, C, and then drawn forward and connected to the 
 bottom of the band D. This rotates the bicuspid by drawing 
 the lingual side of the tooth back while the buccal side will be 
 held in position as it rests against the second bicuspid. It will 
 be seen that almost an unlimited number of combinations may 
 be made up by using the buttons and ligature bands in con¬ 
 nection with an arch bar appliance. 
 
 Fig. 22 shows the simple arch bar appliance used to move 
 the central incisor teeth forward. These teeth are banded with 
 No. 5 studded bands, the bands having been cemented to the 
 teeth and the cement allowed to harden before the arch bar is 
 placed in position. No. 50 bands are clamped to the first 
 molars. Two clutch nuts are used on each side to operate 
 against the clutch tubes of the molar bands. In all cases where 
 the arch bar is to move forward, the nuts at the distal ends of 
 the clutch tubes of the molar bands are loosened and those at 
 the anterior ends tightened. This moves the arch bar forward. 
 It is absolutely necessary that these nuts be firmly locked in 
 the clutch tubes to prevent their revolving, which would result 
 in the loss of movement once gained. The two nuts are used 
 on each side in order that this may be done. When, through 
 
 ‘‘Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 26. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 15 
 
 carelessness, these nuts are not locked, the operator must not 
 blame the patient or appliance for lack of success in the opera¬ 
 tion. 
 
 Fig. 22. 
 
 Fig. 23 shows the retaining appliance in position. This 
 appliance is attached to the studs of the central bands by two 
 retaining clamp nuts. No. 38. It will therefore be seen that by 
 placing the studded bands on the centrals the retaining ap¬ 
 pliance can be placed in position without changing the bands. 
 
 Do you consider teeth regulation profitable? if not please read 
 
 See pages 24 and 20. 
 
16 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 by simply attaching to the threaded studs. When the retainer 
 is in position the arch bar and molar bands can, of course, be 
 removed. A detail drawing of the retaining appliance and 
 
 Fig. 24. 
 
 bands is shown in Fig. 24. Fig. 25 shows positions of the 
 teeth before the operation, and Fig. 26 shows their positions 
 after the retainer has been removed. 
 
 Fig. 25. Fig. 26. 
 
 Fig. 27 shows an arch bar appliance on the lingual side of 
 a lower arch, the office of which is to move the lower incisor 
 teeth forward into line. It will be found that in moving for¬ 
 ward, the teeth will conform to the shape of the bar, so by 
 simply bending the bar to the desired form of arch, the teeth 
 will be in line when the operation is completed. The bands on 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical hook of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 26. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 17 
 
 the laterals are No. 2 studded bands, and their office is to pre¬ 
 vent the arch bar slipping up on the teeth. 
 
 In this case the anchorage is gained from the second bi¬ 
 cuspids. These teeth being banded with No. 47 single socket 
 
 Fig. 27. 
 
 screw bands. The detail of this appliance is shown in Fig. 28. 
 The bands No. 47 are placed on the teeth with their clutch 
 
 Fig. 28. 
 
 All busy operators can handle their own regulating^ cases and real¬ 
 ize more per hour than in ^old fillingrs^ if they use regulating appliances 
 that are READY TO APPLY WITHOUT THE SOLDERING NUISANCE. 
 See page 24. 
 
18 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 tubes on the lingual side of the arch. A lock nut, No. 23, and 
 clutch riut, No. 22, are used on each side of the arch to engage 
 the clutch tubes of each bicuspid band. The clutch nuts enter 
 the recessed openings of the clutch tubes on the bicuspid bands 
 and the lock nuts clamp the tubes firmly against the clutch 
 nuts. 
 
 To operate the appliance the posterior nuts are loosened 
 the proper amount and the anterior nuts tightened against the 
 clutch tubes. This moves the appliance forward and locks it. 
 The result is the same as that obtained by the appliance shown 
 in Fig. 22, but this illustration serves to show how anchorage 
 may be gained when the molars are not in condition to be used. 
 
 In cases where the arch bar is used on the lingual side of 
 the lower arch it is advisable to anchor the second bicuspids 
 whenever practical, for by so doing the arch bar does not ex¬ 
 tend as far back on each side of the mouth as when anchored 
 to the molars and therefore ofifers less interference with the 
 action of the tongue. 
 
 In Fig. 29 an arch bar is anchored to the first bicuspid on 
 the right side and the first molar on the left. The object of this 
 is to swing the left incisors forward. In the case illustrated 
 the left lateral had been extracted, since it stood directly back 
 of the cuspid and the arch was already of sufficient size to cor¬ 
 respond with the upper. The left central was banded with a 
 single socket button band. No. 11, and an arch bar bent and 
 placed in position as shown. When the appliance is operated 
 the bar will press first against the left central, then come in 
 contact with the right central, and lastly with the lateral. 
 Two clutch nuts. No. 22, are used to engage the clutch tube of 
 the left molar band, and one No. 22 enters the anterior recessed 
 opening of the single socket screw bands No. 47, which is on 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 26. 
 
 If your “Orthodontia” cases have not turned out successfully 
 
 See page 24. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 19 
 
 the right first bicuspid. A lock nut is also placed on the arch 
 bar to operate against the distal end of the clutch tube of the 
 left central band to prevent the central slipping back on the 
 bar, if such a tendency should be observed. 
 
 Fig. 29. 
 
 Fig. 30. 
 
 You can have appliances fltted to models so that they will be ready 
 to take oir from the model and place in the mouth. No soldering- re¬ 
 quired. See page 24. 
 
20 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 Most of the movement is obtained by operating the clutch 
 nuts which engage the clutch tube of the molar band, the 
 clutch nut which engages the right first bicuspid band serving 
 only to hold this end of the arch bar in position. It is not 
 necessary to use a lock nut at the right first bicuspid band in 
 this case, but the nuts at the clutch tube of the molar band 
 should always be locked. If it be necessary to move the teeth 
 to the right as well as forward, by operating the lock nut at 
 the distal end of the clutch tube of the central band this result 
 will be obtained. Fig. 30 gives the number and position of 
 each part. 
 
 Fig. 31. 
 
 In the case shown in Fig. 31 the left central stands for¬ 
 ward and is at least half the width of the tooth to the left of 
 center line of the arch. It is therefore necessary to move it to 
 the right and into the arch. An arch bar is employed to ac¬ 
 complish this. The first molars are banded, since they are 
 sufficiently erupted. When bands can not easily be placed on 
 the first molars, the temporary second molars are used, either 
 the No. 49 double socket, or No. 48 single socket screw band 
 
 ‘‘Orthodontia Practically Treated,” a practical hook of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 30. 
 
 You can make teeth regulation both pleasurable and protitahle if 
 you use modern methods. See pages 24 and 26. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 21 
 
 may be used. Fig. 32 gives the detail of the appliance illus¬ 
 trated in Fig. 31. 
 
 A single socket button band, No. 12 or No. 13, according 
 to size of central, is cemented to the left central and the cement 
 allowed to harden. A clutch nut. No. 22, and a lock. No. 23, 
 are employed on the arch bar to engage the clutch tube of this 
 band. At the beginning of the operation the nuts engaging the 
 
 Fig. 32. 
 
 clutch tubes of the molar bands remain locked; the lock nut 
 at the central band is loosened about three-fourths of a revo¬ 
 lution permitting the central to be moved one one-hundred- 
 and-fiftieth of an inch directly to the right when the nut No. 22 
 is tightened firmly against the clutch tube. This method of 
 tightening is repeated every second day until the central is 
 
 If your “Ortliodon^ia” cases have not turned out successfully 
 See page 24. 
 
22 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 directly opposite the position it should take in the arch, when 
 the nuts' engaging its clutch tube are permitted to remain 
 locked and the nuts at the clutch tubes of the molar bands 
 operated to draw the arch bar directly backward, thus placing 
 the tooth in the arch. The tooth is thus moved first to the 
 right and then posteriorly. The first movement frees it from 
 the lateral which it overlaps. If the nuts at the clutch tube of 
 the band on the central and those at the tubes of the bands on 
 the molars are operated at the same time, the tooth will be 
 moved obliquely to the right and distally. With this form of 
 appliance any anterior tooth in the arch can be moved in prac¬ 
 tically any direction. 
 
 Fig. 33. 
 
 When the incisor teeth are separated, as shown in Fig. 33, 
 they may be drawn together with the appliance illustrated in 
 Figs. 34 and 35. This form of appliance will be found the best 
 to use in all such cases. 
 
 Single socket bands are cemented to the central incisors 
 with their clutch tubes on the labial surface of the teeth and 
 the recessed openings of the clutch tubes projecting distally. 
 When cementing the bands to the centrals, care should be ex- 
 
 “Ortliodoutia Practically Treated,’’ a practical book of instruction 
 for the progressive operator. See page 26. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 23 
 
 ercised to have the clutch tubes in perfect line, so that a piece 
 of threaded arch bar No. 35 will pass through the openings of 
 the clutch tubes without necessitating bending. Two lock nuts, 
 No. 23, should be placed on this piece of threaded bar, Avhich 
 
 Fig. 34. 
 
 should be of sufficient length to pass through the clutch tubes 
 and project one-sixteenth of an inch at each end. A clutch nut. 
 No. 22, should be placed on each end of the bar and the bar 
 
 Fig. 35. 
 
 then passed through the slotted sides of the clutch tubes. 1 he 
 rounded portion of the clutch nuts, No. 22, should be turned 
 into the recessed openings of the tubes and the nuts, No. 23, 
 then turned against the opposite ends. 
 
 To operate the appliance the nuts. No. 23, are loosened and 
 the nuts. No. 22, tightened. This draws the teeth together. 
 
 Do you consider teeth regvilation profitable? if not please read 
 
 pag'es 24 and 26. 
 
24 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 A PROPOSITION. 
 
 Dear Doctor:— 
 
 Numerous requests for me to fit appliances to casts so 
 that operators might more quickly become familiar with my 
 system of teeth-regulation, led me several years ago to make 
 an offer to fit the appliances to casts and write personal letters 
 of instruction regarding the operation of the appliances and 
 treatment of the cases. This offer has been widely accepted 
 and a great many operators are now doing successful regulat¬ 
 ing who had previously done none at all. The proposition has 
 been renewed several times up to three years ago, but as it has 
 not been renewed since then I am now receiving a great many 
 letters from the profession inquiring whether I am still fitting 
 appliances under the same conditions. Consequently I wish 
 to again renew the offer as follows: 
 
 On receipt of casts, sent according to directions, and one 
 dollar ($1.00), which must always be sent with each cast to be 
 fitted, I will fit to the cast the appliance which in my judgment 
 is best for the case, and write a letter of instruction regarding 
 the operation of the appliance, which teeth to extract, if any, 
 and any other points regarding the treatment of the case that 
 may be necessary. 
 
 The cast, with appliance fitted, will be sent, charges pre¬ 
 paid, by Express, C. O. D., for the catalog price of the parts 
 used in making up the appliance. The dollar sent with the cast 
 is extra for fitting. 
 
 No charge will be made for information regarding any case 
 when the cast is not fitted with an appliance. If any person 
 should not wish the appliance sent C. O. D., and will send cast 
 and fill out blank, I will write him the price of the appliance 
 necessary, and on receipt of the amount will send the appliance 
 by Mail post paid. 
 
 Before sending casts please read instructions on the fol¬ 
 lowing page and be sure and send models according to direc¬ 
 tions. Be sure and write your name and address on the pack¬ 
 age. This is important, as I often receive five or six casts in 
 one day with no mark whatever to tell whom they are from 
 and this always causes much trouble and delay. 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 25 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS FOR SENDING CASTS. 
 
 Lrom modeling compound impressions make plaster casts, 
 articulate them as shown in the above cut and mark the oc¬ 
 clusion on both sides, as at A. Carefully note the center-line 
 of the FACE and mark it on the cast, as at B. The casts 
 should be carefully packed so that the teeth will NOT BE IN 
 CONTACT. (DO NOT SEND WAX BITES). Mark cast 
 or package with NAME of shipper and send by mail. 
 
 Please do not varnish casts. 
 
 Please state by letter what you desire to do with the case 
 and answer the following questions : 
 
 What is the age of patient? Is the upper lip of normal 
 prominence?—too prominent?—deficient in prominence?—too 
 short to cover the teeth properly? Is the lower lip of normal 
 prominence?—too prominent?—receding? Is the chin and 
 lower jaw lacking in development?—normally developed?—or 
 too prominent? Does the center line of the Face coincide with 
 the interdental space between the upper central incisors?—if 
 not is it to the right?—or left?—(also mark center line on 
 cast.) Do you desire to regulate both upper and lower arches? 
 
26 
 
 KNAPP SYSTEM. 
 
 No Dental Library Is Complete 
 
 Without 
 
 “Orthodontia Practically Treated” 
 
 ....BY.,.. 
 
 MILAND A. KNAPP, D. D. S. 
 
 This entire volume of over four hundred pages is ^iven to 
 the practical side of orthodontia and is primarily intended 
 for the busy practitioner. 
 
 The text matter and illustrations are arranged so as to be 
 of the greatest practical assistance to the operator who has 
 had no experience in diagnosing and correcting the several 
 forms of dental irregularities. 
 
 This volume contains five hundred and sixty-four origi¬ 
 nal illustrations, every one made especially for this work, and 
 is printed on heavy, pure white enamel paper, handsomely 
 bound in cloth. Price, Met, $5.00. 
 
 This work will be sent by express, charges prei)aid, to any address in the United 
 States or Canada on receipt of price. 
 
 Make all remittances payable to Miland A. Knapp. Minneapolis, Minn., U. S. A. 
 
 This book can also be purchased at any of the branch houses of The S. S. White 
 Dental Mfg. Co, 
 
 CONDENSED TABLE OF CONTENTS: 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 (Containing' 41 Illusttrations.) 
 
 DIAGNOSIS . 1 
 
 The Diagnosis of Dental Irregularities—Rules for Determining the 
 Proper Manner of Proceeding with the Correction of the Condition—• 
 
 CHAPTER H. 
 
 (Containing 6 Illu.strations.) 
 
 EXTRACTION ...;... 34 
 
 Results of the Injudicious Extraction of Teeth, Both Temporary and 
 Permanent—Which Temporary Teeth Can be Extracted Without Dam¬ 
 age—The Temporary Teeth That Must not be Extracted Until Their 
 Permanent Successors Appear—Results from Extracting Such Teeth 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 (Containing G Illustrations.) 
 
 SUPERNUMERARY TEETH .... 41 
 
 Their Shapes—Position—Damage Resulting—Extraction of Super¬ 
 numerary Teeth 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 (Containing 5 Illustrations.) 
 
 AGE AT WHICH CORRECTION CAN BEST BE ACCOMPLISHED.... 46 
 
TEETH REGULATION. 
 
 27 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 (Containing 5 Illustrations.) 
 
 TOOTH MOVEMENT . 51 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 (Containing 87 Illustrations.) 
 
 AUTHOR’S APPLIANCES . 57 
 
 In this chapter each individual part of the author’s appliances is 
 minutely described and illustrated. Sectional drawings are given 
 showing exactly how each part is made. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 (Containing 18 Illustrations.) 
 
 THE JACK-SCREW .102 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 (Containing 11 Illustrations.) 
 
 JACK-SCREW ANCHORAGE . 
 
 113 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 (Containing 2 Illustrations.) 
 
 THE DOUBLE JACK-SCREW .121 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 (Containing 2 Iliustrations.) 
 
 THE TRIPLE JACK-SCREW .123 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 (Containing 23 Illustrations.) 
 
 STUD BAR APPLIANCES .125 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 (Containing 22 Illustrations.) 
 
 ARCH BAR APPLIANCES .141 
 
 CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 (Containing 24 Illustrations.) 
 
 ROTATION .159 
 
 CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 (Containing 26 Illustrations.) 
 
 ARCH EXPANSION .181 
 
 CHAPTER XV. 
 
 (Containing 8 Illustrations.) 
 
 THE SCREW BAND AS A REGULATING DEVICE.20U 
 
 CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 (Containing 66 Illustrations.) 
 
 MAJOR PROTRUSION .207 
 
 CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 (Containing 24 Illustrations.) 
 
 RETAINING DEVICES .264 
 
 CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 (Containing 188 Illustrations.) 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS CASES, THEIR CORRECTION AND RETENTION. 280 
 One hundred and twenty pages are given to practical miscellaneous 
 cases. These cases are followed from the beginning to the comple¬ 
 tion of the operations and the appliance for each step in the process 
 is carefully illustrated and described. 
 
 INDEX.401 
 
 A Six-Page, Double Column Index Is Also Provided to Assist the 
 Operator in Finding Illustration and Description of Appliances for 
 the Accomplishment of Any Required Tooth Movement. 
 
The Protrusion Set B contains all the parts necessary for the treatment of 
 Major Protrusion except the Head Cap No. 6o. It is always necessary to use 
 the head cap in connection with this set. Head cap protrusion bow and chuck 
 are worn at night only. The springs No. 56 automatically retain during the 
 
 day the movement gained by the head cap at night. Price.$8.00 
 
 Price of Head Cap No. 60 .$2.00 
 
 PROTRUSION SET B, IN BOX. 
 
SELECTED SET A, IN BOX. 
 
 Set A consists of a complete stiidbar and jack-screw appliance, with three 
 sizes of studded bands. These three sizes afford means for attaching to any 
 of the six anterior teeth, and both stud bar nut No. 54 and ball cap No. 24 
 are threaded to screw onto the studs of the bands. Any of the anterior teeth 
 may be moved lingually, labially, or rotated, with the jack-screw; while with the 
 stud bar the cuspids or bicuspids may be moved forward or backward in 
 the line of the arch. Price .$8.00 
 
These appliances are inannfactured 
 •under the immediate supervision of 
 Dr. Miland A. Knapp, Minneapolis, 
 Minnesota. Made of a specially pre¬ 
 pared German Silver, accurately inter¬ 
 changeable, and heavily Gold Plated.