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STATUE OF 
 
 ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE 
 
 ERECTED IN STATUARY HALL OF 
 THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL BY 
 THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 PROCEEDINGS IN STATUARY HALL AND 
 IN THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRE- 
 SENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES 
 UPON THE UNVEILING, PRESENTATION, 
 AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE STATUE OF 
 ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE FROM THE 
 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 0Urtjj-3Faurtlj (Bottgrtaa 
 
 Compiled under the direction of ihe 
 Joint Committee oo PriotiDg 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 1917 
 
AUTHORITY TO PRINT 
 
 SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 25, SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS 
 
 Passed the Senate June 22, 1916; House July 29, 1916 
 
 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there 
 be printed and bound, under the direction of the Joint Committee on Print- 
 ing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the proceedings at the 
 tmveiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue of ZEBtJLON 
 Baird Vance presented by the State of Nortli Carolina, sixteen thousand 
 five hundred copies, with suitable illustration, of which five tliousand shall 
 be for the use of the Senate and ten thousand for the use of the House of 
 Representatives, and the remaining one thousand five hundred copies shall 
 be for the use and distribution of the Senators and Representatives in Con- 
 gress from the State of North Carolina. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PROCEEDINGS IN STATUARY HALL 
 
 Page 
 
 Prayer by the Rt. Rev. Joseph Bw)unt Cheshire, Bishop op 
 THE Protestant Episcopal Diocese of North Carolina 7 
 
 Address by Hon. William Alexander Hoke, Chairman of the 
 Vance Statue Commission o 
 
 UNVEttiNG OF the Statue by Miss Dorothy Espey Pillow, 
 Great Granddaughter of Zebulon Baird Vance 10 
 
 Presentation op the Statue for the Commission and Address 
 BY Hon. Clement Manly, Member op the Vance Statue Com- 
 mission J J 
 
 Presentation op the Statue for the State and Address by 
 Hon. Locke Craig, Governor op North Carolina 15 
 
 Acceptance of the Statue on Behalf op the Government and 
 Address by Hon. Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of 
 the United States 27 
 
 Decoration op Statue 2a 
 
 PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE 
 Addresses by — 
 
 Mr. Lee S. Overman, of North Carolina 36 
 
 Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts 47 
 
 Mr. Hoke Smith, of Georgia m 
 
 PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE 
 
 Prayer by Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D 54 
 
 Addresses by — 
 
 Mr. John H. Small, of North Carolina 56 
 
 Mr. George E. Hood, of North Carolina 60 
 
 Mr. Edward W. Pou, of North Carolina 64 
 
 Mr. Charles M. Stedman, of North Carolina 66 
 
 Mr. James J. Britt, of North Carolina 79 
 
 Mr. Robert L. Doughton, of North Carolina 83 
 
 Mr. Edwin V. Webb, op North Carolina 88 
 
 Mr. Hannibal L. Godwin, op North Carolina 93 
 
 Mr. Claude Kitchin, of North Carolina 94 
 
 3 
 
THE SCULPTOR 
 
 GUTZON BORGLUM 
 
 Bom in Idaho, March 25, 1867; son of Dr. James de la 
 Mothe Borglum and Ida (Michelson) Borglum. Educated 
 in the public schools of Fremont and Omaha, Nebr., and 
 at St. Mary's College, Kans. Studied art in San Fran- 
 cisco, and went to Paris in 1890, working and studying 
 in Academic Julien and Ecole des Beaux Arts. Exhibited 
 as painter and sculptor in Paris Salon, in Spain in 1892, 
 and in CaUfomia in 1893-94; returned East and went to 
 London in 1896, remaining there and in Paris until 1901. 
 Has been in New York City since 1902. Exhibited in 
 Paris in 1896 and 1901; held successful "one-man" ex- 
 hibit in London; received gold medal for sculpture at 
 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Was sculptor for work 
 on Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York; Sheridan 
 Equestrian Monument in Washington, D. C. ; colossal 
 marble head of Lincoln and the statue of Zebulon Baird 
 Vance in the Capitol Building; figure of America on Amer- 
 ican RepubUcs Building; Mares of Diomedes (bronze), 
 Metropolitan Museum, New York; The Atlas (marble), 
 New York, etc. Member Royal Society of British Artists, 
 Society National des Beaux Arts, and Architectural 
 League. Clubs: Metropolitan (Washington, D. C), Play- 
 ers, Camp Fire, Lotos, Fencers, City, and Balsam Lake 
 Club, New York. 
 
UNVEILING AND 
 
 PRESENTATION 
 
 STATUARY HALL 
 JUNE 22, 1916 
 
PROCEEDINGS IN STATUARY HALL 
 
 PRAYER, 
 
 By the Right Rev. Joseph Blount Cheshire, Bishop of the Diocese 
 of North Carolina 
 
 O God, our Maker, our Father, by whose divine provi- 
 dence all things in heaven and earth are governed and pre- 
 served. Whose loving kindness is over all Thy works; be 
 with us as we are here assembled in Thy presence; enable 
 us to feel in our hearts the divine presence and power which 
 we acknowledge with our lips, and make our lives to praise 
 Thee by obedience to Thy laws and loyal and loving service 
 to our country and to our fellows. 
 
 We thank Thee for the many blessings which we have of 
 Thy hand; for the peace and plenty which we enjoy; for the 
 harmony and good will which prevail among our people. 
 Make us to be of one mind in all things essential, and put 
 far from us strife and discord, injustice, and cruelty. 
 
 We bless Thy holy name for Thy goodness to us in all 
 our past history; for the unity and brotherly love which have 
 grown out of our national experiences. Thou hast over- 
 ruled the wrath of man to Thy praise, and brought u^ to 
 Godly union and concord. 
 
 Thou, O Lord, art set on a throne that judgest right, and 
 Thou dost sustain with Thy free spirit all who rule in truth 
 and righteousness. We invoke the abundance of Thy grace 
 and favor upon our country, our President, our Congress, 
 our States, and our governors, that as a Nation we may 
 know what things we ought to do and that we may have 
 strength and power faithfully to perform the same. 
 
 We give Thee high praise and hearty thanks for the good 
 examples of all those who in the past history of our country 
 have acted well their parts in the strifes and contentions out 
 of which Thou has brought us to unity and strength. And 
 especially at this time we thank Thee for the life and labors, 
 for tlie faithfulness and courage, for the great heart and the 
 
 7 
 
8 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 strong hand of Thy servant, Zebulon Baird Vance, whose 
 memory we are here met to honor, and whose statue we now 
 place among those of other great men of our country. May 
 we ever cherish their memory, emulate their virtues, and 
 preserve in honor, safety, and peace the country in whose 
 service they lived and died. 
 
 We ask all for His sake, and in His name, who taught tis 
 that when we pray we should say: 
 
 Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. 
 Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in 
 heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive 
 us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against 
 us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from 
 evil: For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the 
 glory for ever and ever. Amen. 
 
ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM ALEXANDER HOKE, CHAIR- 
 MAN OF THE VANCE STATUE COMMISSION 
 
 Friends and Fellow Citizens : Under a joint resolution 
 of the General Assembly of North Carolina and by ap- 
 pointment of Gov. lyocke Craig, a commission, composed 
 of Mrs. M. V. Moore, Miss Laura L. Carter, Mr. Clement 
 Manly, Mr. John H. Martin, and the speaker have been 
 for some time past engaged in procuring a statue of the 
 late Senator Zebulon Baird Vance. Having given the 
 matter our best consideration, the committee were fortu- 
 nate in selecting and securing the services of the eminent 
 sculptor, Gutzon Borglum, and he has produced a statue 
 that is at once an impressive likeness and a work of great 
 artistic merit. We are met to-day to unveil the statue 
 and present it to the American people and its honored 
 and accredited representatives. 
 
 The task has been throughout and to each and every 
 member of the committee a most grateful undertaking for, 
 in common with all the people of North Carolina regardless 
 of party or race, they rejoice to have this man stand for 
 them before the American people as their representative 
 in what is broad-minded and patriotic, courageous, 
 steadfast and true. 
 
 As the man amongst us who preeminently fills the re- 
 quirement of the act of Congress dedicating this Hall to 
 the good and great men of the Nation ... an illustrious 
 citizen, distinguished for civic and miUtary virtues. He 
 was indeed, my covmtrymen, a great leader of his people 
 in war and peace; great in intellect, great in character 
 and achievement, great in the breadth and quahty of his 
 sympathy. His people followed him with unfaltering 
 trust for more than 30 of the most eventful years of 
 their history and were not disappointed. They admired 
 and loved the man for his integrity and his courage, for 
 
 9 
 
to Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 his wisdom and strength, his genius, his matchless elo- 
 quence and far-seeing vision, for his loyal-hearted, un- 
 changing devotion at all times and under all circumstances 
 to their best interest as he was given light to see it. His 
 hold upon the affections of the people of North Carolina 
 endures and grows stronger with time and we are deeply- 
 gratified to have you with us here to-day in paying this 
 tribute to his memory. 
 
 The statue was then unveiled by Miss Dorothy Espey 
 Pillow, aged 6, a great-granddaughter of Senator Vance, 
 and presented for the commission by the Hon. Clement 
 Manly, of North Carohna, who had been throughout a 
 most efficient and deeply interested member of the 
 commission. 
 
ADDRESS OF HON. CLEMENT MANLY 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen : The honor of making an ad- 
 dress on this great son of North Carolina, whose memory 
 we reverence to-day, is not delegated to me, but to 
 another, fitted to the task, our governor. I shall not 
 trespass on the hour further than to do as I am bidden: 
 present to Gov. Craig, on behalf of the commission, the 
 statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, and with it a brief 
 account of our stewardship. 
 
 On receipt of the commission from your excellency, 
 those honored with your confidence met in Raleigh on 
 the 26th day of October, 19 14, effected an organization 
 by the election of Hon. W. A. Hoke, chairman, and Mrs. 
 M. Van Lear Moore, secretary. 
 
 For the purpose in hand, each member gave individual 
 effort by correspondence and investigation to the selection 
 of the artist. The commission met in Washington on the 
 22d day of November of the same year, for comparison 
 of data, and through the invitation of our chairman had 
 in conference several well-known sculptors of this country, 
 with specimens of their work. At this meeting nothing 
 definite was determined, and fmther effort and inquiries 
 were made, both at home and abroad, looking to the selec- 
 tion of a suitable artist. The distracted state of Europe, 
 then daily extending its influence of dismay, made it 
 apparent we could not with safety rely on the older world, 
 and obliged us to confine our selection to America. 
 
 Earnest consideration was given the matter of selection 
 by each member of the commission, resulting in many 
 varying views, until finally we were led by the kindly hand 
 of Miss Laura Carter to the unanimous selection of Mr. 
 Gutzon Borglum, an artist whose work stands in favor 
 throughout the country and exhibited in majestic form 
 in this very Capitol. 
 
 After a visit by the committee to the Borglum studio in 
 New York, and on examination of his work and conference 
 
1 2 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 with the sculptor, a contract was prepared on the 8th of 
 January, 1915, and entered into between the State of 
 North Carolina and Mr. Gutzon Borglum for the exe- 
 cution of the statue of Vance. 
 
 With the selection of the artist oiu- work would seem 
 to have been in great measure accomplished. But Mr. 
 Borglum was a stranger to Gov. Vance, and it became 
 incumbent on the committee, by every available means, 
 to furnish the artist with information and knowledge of 
 the subject. Photographs, biographies, and personal rec- 
 ollections of those who knew Vance, a review of his writ- 
 ings and speeches, all were collected and submitted. A 
 small model embodying the general idea of the artist was 
 made and carried to Asheville for inspection of his family 
 and friends, from this a plaster figiue of full size was pre- 
 pared and exhibited, and by frequent conference and 
 criticism of the work as it progressed the commission 
 sought to aid the artist in the character and portraition 
 of the statue. In this vital part of our work we feel much 
 indebted to Mr. Silas McBee, of New York, Mr. Peter' M. 
 Wilson, of this city, and Mr. W. W. Fuller, of New York, 
 gentlemen of intimate acquaintance with and knowledge 
 of Gov. Vance; and while the work was in progress Mr. 
 McBee, with generous love of his native State, gave much 
 of his time in frequent visits to the studio and in confer- 
 ence with Mr. Borglum. 
 
 It was at this stage, that the committee first seriously 
 considered the character of statue — whether it should be 
 of marble or bronze. The original legislative act provided 
 for marble, but the general assembly being in session, our 
 chairman procured an amendatory act, striking out the 
 word "marble." Thus, luifettered, the committee har- 
 moniously followed the suggestion of Mr. Borglum to cast 
 the noble and rugged features of the man in bronze. 
 
 The acts of the commission in detail appear in the min- 
 utes of the secretary, Mrs. Moore, to whom we feel in- 
 debted for an accurate record. 
 
 Under rules governing this National Hall of Fame, 
 each State has the privilege of placing here statues of two 
 
Address of Hon. Clement Manly 13 
 
 of its citizens. A glance about us shows that this right 
 has been exercised by our sister States, nearly all having 
 the complement of the number accorded them. Yet, 
 until this good hour. North Carolina, one of the original 
 thirteen States, and rich in its treasures, has not seen fit 
 to exercise this sacred privilege. In this, as in all its 
 unheralded achievement, the State has shown one con- 
 trolling characteristic — that of, slow to action. Serene 
 and self-contained in its consciousness of power, and in 
 the doing of duty, North Carolina has always thought it 
 well to make the story rather than to tell it, and so, 
 esse quam videri. 
 
 In 1907 North CaroUna took steps to carry out this 
 pious duty. The general assembly of that year authorized 
 the governor to appoint a commission with authority to 
 provide a statue of Zebulon Baird Vance. In a State 
 rich in patriotic story and in the annals of her great men 
 and women, those whose children's children are now a part 
 of us, and who honor the ever living memory of their for- 
 bears, it was indeed difficult to make distinction, and, as 
 might be expected, there was some hesitation in the selec- 
 tion of the two men to be thus preferred, but as to one 
 there was no doubt. It was one voice that named Vance. 
 
 In all our history and goodly traditions of men whose 
 character and deeds had made them great and loved of the 
 people, popular and universal favor had set its seal on 
 him. The heart of the living age beat for Vance. 
 
 It can with truth be said of this man that he was of the 
 people, without regard to race, condition or creed, the 
 rich and the poor, the wise and the simple, and as to them 
 he knew no class and no distinction. Through an eventful 
 Ufe he held places of honor — colonel of a regiment, gov- 
 ernor of a State, Senator of the United States, positions 
 at least suggesting title, but none fixed itself on him. 
 To all he was Vance. 
 
 The commission, perhaps in the pride of its accomplish- 
 ment, dares feel it brings to you a great statue, worthy of 
 the subject, worthy of the people who now present it, and 
 
14 Statue of Zehtdan Baird Vance 
 
 fit to stand with these glories of the Republic. The act 
 of the legislature providing for it was adopted in the spirit 
 of the State. However slow it may have been in recogni- 
 tion of its right to representation in this hall, yet, when it 
 had determined to exercise this right, its choice made to 
 place here a statue of Vance, it was generous in its 
 botmty, and the cost of the work left to the commission, 
 and, like the love the State bore to its great citizen, was 
 without limit. In fixing the compensation of the artist 
 there was no trade, and a sum agreed on well within the 
 expectation of the governor and coimcil of State; yet 
 with earnest anticipation we feel that the State has re- 
 ceived a return of value more than money, or more than 
 money's worth; it has gotten the creation of a thought, of 
 a part of a great artist, the thing which money can not buy, 
 and which is the divine gift which genius contributes to 
 its art. 
 
 Vance was a soldier and a citizen. His military service, 
 though alike honorable and faithful, was not long, but cut 
 short by a call to take the helm and guide the State 
 through troublous waters. The work that took his best 
 was in the civil walk, the friend and cotmselor of the people, 
 and with this service came his fame, ripening with all the 
 honors of the statesman. So the artist, in his creation, 
 presents the man in his full life, soldier and citizen. The 
 military cloak is falling from his shoulders, and he stands 
 forth in the dress of the citizen, in the attitude of the 
 orator in action, speaking to the people, and appearing in 
 the form they knew and loved. 
 
 Macaulay said of De Vere, the twentieth Earl of Oxford: 
 " Englishmen loved to call him the noblest subject of 
 Europe." May I paraphrase this to say: "Vance, the 
 noblest citizen of the State." 
 
 The presentation for the State was then made by Gov. 
 Locke Craig. 
 
ADDRESS OF HON. LOCKE CRAIG 
 
 Mr. Chairman : You and each member of your com- 
 mission are entitled to the grateful appreciation of the 
 State. You were appointed by the governor and council 
 of state under a resolution of the general assembly au- 
 thorizing the placing of the statue of Zebulon Baird 
 Vance in this hall. You have done your work without 
 compensation, but with a zeal which no money could buy. 
 You secured one of the most eminent artists of the age, 
 and have delivered a magnificent statue that excites the 
 enthusiastic admiration of all that have seen it. It 
 speaks the force and the character of our greatest man. 
 
 I should acknowledge, too, the obligation which all of us 
 feel for the invaluable assistance of Mr. Silas McBee and 
 Mr. Peter M. Wilson, generously and patriotically given. 
 
 And now, Mr. President [turning to the Vice Presi- 
 dent], the State of North Carolina presents through you to 
 the United States the statue of Zebulon Baird Vance. 
 This is done by authority of a resolution of the General 
 Assembly of North Carolina passed without dissent. 
 The recognition of Vance as the greatest of our men, and 
 the placing of his statue in this pantheon of the Nation, is 
 but the execution of the judgment of all of the people of 
 North Carolina. His personality, his character, and his 
 deeds confer upon him the right to stand here, a peer 
 among the foremost of the RepubUc. 
 
 Our State has not been in a hurry to occupy the two 
 places assigned to h^r in this hall. In preferring Vance 
 as the first, she has been mindful of her obligation to 
 consider with justice all of her noble sons. And she has 
 realized, too, her obligation to do justice to herself. This 
 statue shall be a perpetual memorial of him and of her. 
 The State must be judged by the best that she can pro- 
 duce. He is otu- most precious gift to the world. Since 
 
 15 
 
1 6 Statue of Zebtdon Baird Vance 
 
 we have set him up as the finest conception and expres- 
 sion of North CaroHna life, he must be the standard by 
 which this and coming generations shall measure the sig- 
 nificance and worth of the State. 
 
 He was a son of North Carolina, bone of her bone, and 
 flesh of her flesh. He was bom and reared among the 
 moimtains, and was of Scotch-Irish lineage, but his sym- 
 pathies were not limited by sectional lines nor by the 
 dogmas of creeds. Wlierever he went, among all classes 
 and conditions of men, from the humblest to the great- 
 est, he was primus inter pares, and exemplified the uni- 
 versal brotherhood. In fashionable salons, among schol- 
 ars and statesmen, he was simple, natiu-al, brilliant, 
 easily the center. With the same unpretentious manner," 
 on terms of perfect equality he charmed the men in work- 
 ing clothes, with rough hands, and was loved by them as 
 their wiser and stronger brother, whose fidelity could 
 never be doubted. He taught dignity to nobility. He 
 was "a legist among the lawyers, a sidereal among the 
 astronomers." 
 
 Vance was trusted and honored and loved by the people 
 of North Carolina as no other man has been. He was 
 elected and reelected to the places of highest honor. He 
 was vested with the greatest trust and called in every 
 crisis to do the foremost part. From the time that he was 
 30 years old until the day of his death at the age of 64 he 
 was the unrivaled leader. Faith in his loyalty and prowess 
 never faltered. 
 
 Preeminent merit is not always the necessary prerequi- 
 site to high official position, but for 30 years, in times of 
 war and revolution, disaster and sufi'ering, Vance was the 
 chosen champion of the people. He declared their poli- 
 cies. He voiced their highest aspirations. He was always 
 in the fiercest of the conflict to meet and to overcome with 
 blow for blow the mightiest that opposed. He was the 
 voice of the State, the incarnation of her passion, her 
 hopes, her determination, and her piUT)Ose. He was the 
 
Address of Hon. Locke Craig 17 
 
 leader to call her to duty, to rescue her victoriously from 
 ruin and strife into the way of peace and to point her to 
 a triumphant destiny. This entitles him to a place among 
 the immortals. 
 
 In i860 Vance attended the State convention of the 
 Whigs in Salisbury. This was his first appearance before 
 the whole State. He was 30 years old, a Member of Con- 
 gress from the mountain district, having been elected for 
 the first time in 1858. The greatest men of the State 
 were there, among them WilHam A. Graham and George 
 E. Badger, statesmen of national prominence. Reports 
 about the yoimg Congressman from the mountains had 
 spread down into the State. When he spoke to the con- 
 vention it was realized that the man for the times of 
 approaching storm had appeared. Men heard him with 
 wild delight, and the multitude bore him on their shoulders 
 through the streets of the city. Nothing like him had 
 been seen. He was young, splendid in courage and in 
 humor, in logic and eloquence. They acclaimed him 
 then the bom leader of men. He held and was- worthy of 
 this distinction as long as he lived. 
 
 In 1 86 1 he resigned his position in Congress and went 
 into the Confederate Army. He was captain and then 
 colonel of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina Regiment, a 
 regiment glorious for heroism and sacrifice. The men 
 emulated the daring and the courage of their commander. 
 In 1862, without his seeking, he was elected governor. 
 No man was ever called to a task more difficult, and no 
 man ever performed his task with more consummate 
 ability and determination. 
 
 North Carolina was a Union State; Vance was a Union 
 man. He and she were steadfast to the Union until the 
 awful choice was presented, either to join the armies that 
 were to crush into submission the seceding States in the 
 exercise of constitutional right, or to join the sister States 
 of the South in resisting invasion. When North Caro- 
 lina joined the Confederacy, and plighted her faith to 
 
 60551"— 17 2 
 
1 8 Statue of ZebtUon Baird Vance 
 
 the cause, Vance was determined that his State should 
 be true to the covenant even unto destruction and death, 
 that she should never surrender until the last soldier had 
 laid down his arms. 
 
 In 1863, after the Battle of Gettysbiu-g, when the cause 
 of the Confederacy was desperate, there were strong men 
 in North Carolina who demanded that the governor should 
 make peace separate from the other Southern States. 
 They made to the old Union men an appeal of plausi- 
 bility and power. There were thousands of men in the 
 State who would not join the Confederate Army, and 
 thousands who had left it. 
 
 The conscript laws must be enforced; the laws and the 
 jurisdiction of the State must be maintained; there was 
 ruiiversal uncertainty and confusion. But always the 
 young governor was firm and clear. He held the State 
 true to the Confederacy. But he made the Confederate 
 Government to know that the civil tribunals of this State 
 were supreme for the protection of the rights of the hmn- 
 blest citizen against militarj' power; that the writ of 
 habeas corpus must be respected, and that it should 
 never be suspended, neither for the enforcement of the 
 conscript laws nor for any other cause; that if under this 
 writ a citizen of North Carolina should be released from 
 arrest or prison, for the protection of such a citizen he 
 would, if necessary, make armed resistance to the Con- 
 federate Government with the whole military power of 
 the State. 
 
 He trampled down disloyalty to the Confederacy at 
 home. He resisted the imlawful exercise of military 
 power from Richmond. It required a master arm to 
 guide the ship of state in this tempest between Scylla 
 and Charybdis. 
 
 In the poUtical campaign of 1 864 his enemies threw down 
 to him the gage of battle — peace against war. The strong 
 Union sentiment of the State that prevailed until the very 
 breaking out of the war, the reverence that had always 
 
Address of Hon. Locke Craig 19 
 
 existed for the Union, made the situation dangerous and 
 fraught with more difficulty in North Carolina than in 
 any other Southern State. Vance was the storm center. 
 Destiny shook her doubtful urn. The material considera- 
 tions were all with his opponents. The State could cut 
 loose from the Confederacy and make an advantageous 
 peace if she would. Vance went to Virginia to speak to 
 the North Carolina soldiers of Lee's army. They were 
 the men who bore the hardships and the brunt of the 
 battle. The supreme issue was clear — the separate peace 
 or continued war. Already the land was robed in the 
 consuming fire of war. North Carolina was bleeding to 
 death, a land of sorrows and acquainted with grief; the 
 flower of her sons had been slain; wives and children 
 were suffering at home, sometimes gathering for bread 
 the com that was spilled out of the wagons of invading 
 armies. The men had heard this cry from home, but they 
 heard, too, the clarion voice of the governor that called to 
 battle and to sacrifice. Wellington said that the pres- 
 ence of Napoleon in battle was equivalent to 50,000 men. 
 Lee said that Vance's visit and speech to his army was 
 equivalent to a reenforcement of 50,000 men. 
 
 He spoke in various parts of the State. Not only the 
 army but the people were inspired with his heroic spirit. 
 The opposition, bom of selfishness, wilted before his burn- 
 ing eloquence. The men who had left the camp returned 
 to the colors. North Carolina sent more soldiers to the 
 armies of the Confederacy than any other State, and they 
 were constant even tmto the end. 
 
 In 1864 on the issue of separate peace or continued 
 war, and on his administration as war governor, the 
 soldiers voted for Vance. The people voted for him. He 
 was triumphantly elected. North Carolina kept her faith 
 and endured the sacrifice. 
 
 When Xerxes was invading Greece, he sent ambassadors 
 to Athens to portray the ruin of resistance and to propose 
 a separate peace that would bring to the Athenians wealth 
 
20 Statue of Zebtdon Baird Vance 
 
 and make their city the ruhng city of Greece. The 
 Spartans had been slain at Thermopylae, the Persian 
 armies — innumerable — were sweeping down from the 
 north. The Persian fleets covered the ^gean Sea. 
 Some favored the proposal for the ignominious peace in 
 the Assembly of Athens. Cyrsilus urged that the terms 
 of the great king be accepted. Themistocles declared 
 that it were better for Athens to be destroyed while 
 fighting for the honor and independence of Greece than 
 to accept all of the gold of the Orient. The men of Athens 
 followed Themistocles. They sent away the Persian 
 ambassadors; they stoned Cyrsilus to death. And in the 
 day when overwhelming armies were marching upon our 
 land, when the State was drinking the cup of trembUng 
 to the very dregs, under the leadership of Vance she gave 
 to us the inheritance that shall never be taken from us. 
 
 While mastering the difficulties of politics, and harmon- 
 izing contending factions, he did not forget the needs of the 
 soldiers, nor the people, nor the destitute families of the 
 deserters. His ships defied the blockade and brought 
 into our ports from England rifles, munitions, clothing, 
 shoes, and blankets for the Army, necessities and com- 
 forts for all of the homes of the rich and the poor. Our 
 soldiers and people were better provided for than any of 
 the South. He is known to us and to history as "The 
 great war governor." 
 
 After the carnage of battle, after the wreck and desola- 
 tion of war, the night of reconstruction set in. North 
 Carolina's wounds had healed, but her heart was bleeding. 
 All of the beasts of prey came forth to plunder and to 
 devour. Darkness and demoralization prevailed. There 
 were many who thought that we should seek admission 
 to the Union in humility and contrition, that we should 
 accept the new order, that we should join the dominant 
 party with its dogmas of social and poHtical equality, 
 that we should submit to the disfranchisement of the 
 foremost and the bravest, and not cry aloud against the 
 
Address 0/ Hon. Locke Craig 21 
 
 control of elections by Federal soldiers. Many of these 
 men were strong men. They thought that further con- 
 tention with a victorious party was hopeless, and would 
 be disastrous. But there were those who stood for the 
 integrity of the State as a member of the Union, who did 
 not surrender their ideals, who believed in the supremacy 
 of our race, who knew that the policies of reconstruction 
 were impossible, except to our shame and ruin. Vance 
 was the leader, the voice of these, the inspiration of a 
 State that was crushed. In a speech in Raleigh at the 
 beginning of this area of chaos, referring to the men who 
 were advocating the policies that in his opinion would 
 bring ruin to the State, humiliation to the people, and 
 threaten the overthrow of our civilization, after pouring 
 out upon them his ridicule and invective, as with the blast 
 ©f a tempest he said: "It shall be more tolerable for 
 Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for 
 them in North Carolina." He made good the prophecy. 
 
 After the surrender and the dissolution of the Confed- 
 eracy he was loyal to the Union. He had left it with 
 sorrow. He had no venom, no hatred in his heart, he 
 was charitable to all of his foes, even in his own adversity, 
 but he made reconstruction odious in North Carolina. 
 He poured out the lava of his wrath upon the men who 
 were plundering the State and trampling down her pride 
 and her life. 
 
 In 1870 the State elected a Democratic general assembly 
 over military power and enfranchised slaves. Vance 
 was elected to the United States Senate. He was denied 
 admission on account of disabilities — proscribed because 
 of his service to the Confederacy. The devotion and trust 
 of the people in him was stronger than ever. The storms 
 growing out of the war had not abated. The violence 
 of the contest for the rehabilitation of the State and 
 the restoration of her government to virtue and intelli- 
 gence continued with determination. Vance was nomi- 
 nated for governor in 1876. Judge Thomas Settle, a 
 
22 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 man of character and eminent ability, the foremost of the 
 RepubUcans, was his opponent. Their joint canvass has 
 never been equaled in our State, nor in my opinion sur- 
 passed anywhere. The problems resulting from the war, 
 the political status of the State, the constitutional rights 
 of the people, the new social order, the administration 
 of our government were debated with consummate power. 
 These men standing for opposing ideas had grappled to 
 try conclusions. The time was fierce and the people were 
 intense. Multitudes gathered to hear them. The Repub- 
 licans hailed Settle with enthusiasm as a splendid and 
 undaunted chief. Vance was acclaimed as a deliverer. 
 He was escorted by cavalcades and surrounded by cheer- 
 ing thousands. Vance was elected. The supremacy 
 of his party, the ideals and the policies for which he stood 
 were firmly established in North Carolina. Order came 
 out of chaos, the hatreds of the war were forgotten, the 
 fields were glad with harvests, the university was opened, 
 schools were established, the State rejoiced in peace and 
 in her growing strength. She turned to the working out 
 of her destiny, loyal to the Union of the fathers and imder 
 the flag. 
 
 In 1879 Vance took his seat in the Senate of the United 
 States. The volcanic force and fire of the period of storm 
 and revolution subsided into the calm and clear strength 
 and dignity of the Senator. At no period in our history 
 have there been so many men in the Senate of power 
 and accomplished statesmanship. Every State sent her 
 strongest men. The floor of the Senate was the arena 
 of intellectual giants. There were Blaine, of Maine; 
 Edmunds and Morrill, of Vermont; Hoar, of Massachusetts ; 
 Conkling, of New York; Bayard, of Delaware; Ransom, of 
 North Carolina; Hampton, of South Carolina; Benjamin 
 Hill, of Georgia; Morgan, of Alabama; Lamar, of Missis- 
 sippi; Blackburn, of Kentucky; Vest,of Missouri; Voorhees, 
 of Indiana; Thurman, of Ohio; Ingalls, of Kansas. In 
 this great company Vance was recognized as the equal 
 
Address of Hon. Locke Craig 23 
 
 of any, an intellectual gladiator who never lowered his 
 arm, a statesman who dedicated himself to labor and to 
 the service of the State and of the whole Nation. He 
 mastered the problems of his time, and added to his 
 national fame. His speeches gave evidence, not only of 
 his known ability, but of classic culttire. In debates on 
 the policies and fundamental questions of controlling 
 importance he was generally put forward as the spokes- 
 man of his party. He was by constitution and by culture 
 a democrat. He was the um-elenting foe of unjust priv- 
 ilege of all kinds, the apostle of equal rights. He delivered 
 the faith that is now the creed of Democracy. For half 
 a century the advocates of political dogmas have con- 
 jured with his name, or tried to conjiu^e with it. 
 
 There was nothing of the demagogue about Vance. 
 He was nearly always on the popular side, but often by 
 his own genius he made his side popular. He was one 
 of those men of genius of universal type. He was one 
 of the people, in full accord and sympathy with them. 
 His single purpose was the common good, with a passion 
 for justice and against unfairness and oppression. Gen. 
 Theodore F. Davidson, a kinsman of Vance, who knew 
 him perhaps more intimately than any living man, says 
 of him: 
 
 Another characteristic particularly in public matters, was his capacity to 
 divine the right; it seemed to me that with less effort than any public man 
 of whom I have any knowledge, he could almost instantly comprehend a 
 public question with its results, by intuition. This quality was an endow- 
 ment of nature, developed and strengthened by the circumstances of his 
 unusual career. 
 
 Another distinguishing characteristic which made him the first of the 
 "leaders of men," was his absolute devotion to that \vhich he believed to 
 be the best for his country and his people. I do not believe there ever was 
 a moment in his life when he was not perfectly willing to offer himself and 
 all he had for the benefit of his countrymen without the slightest considera- 
 tion whether it brought to him compensation in any form. 
 
 If you strike the chord of a musical instrument in the 
 midst of other musical instruments, all of the chords that 
 are in perfect harmony will vibrate with the same rhythm. 
 
24 Statue of Zebtdon Baird Vance 
 
 Vance was in harmony with the people. The same causes 
 that stirred them stirred him. He uttered the dominant 
 note. His vision was farther and clearer. His conception 
 stronger. He expressed what they vaguely felt, and what 
 they had been longing to hear, and he gave tone and 
 vmity to their thought, their aspirations, and their life. 
 
 He was sympathetic and tender as a child. On the 
 13th of May, 1865, he was arrested without notice by 
 Federal soldiers in Statesville. As he went along the 
 road to his unknown destiny, a prisoner surrounded by 
 soldiers, through a State where in other days every jour- 
 ney had been a triumphal procession, Mr. Samuel Wit- 
 towsky, who was with him, says that for a moment he was 
 overcome and shed tears while they drove along in silence. 
 "This will not do," said Vance; "I must not allow my 
 feelings to unman me, but it is so hard to bear. I am not 
 so much concerned about what may be in store for me, 
 but my poor wife and little children; they have not a 
 cent of money to live on." When Danton, the giant of 
 the French Revolution, who had defied imperial armies, 
 who had hurled at the feet of the coalesced kings of 
 Europe as gage of battle, the head of a king; who had 
 organized armies and had saved France, when he stood 
 upon the platform of the guillotine, surrounded by sol- 
 diers and the populace howling for his blood, he, too, broke 
 down in tears, saying: " I will never see my poor wife any 
 more, then." He, too, nerved himself with the expression: 
 " Danton, no weakness." 
 
 Vance never quailed nor bowed the knee to power. 
 When he was down, when his enemies were in control and 
 his future seemed darkest he wrote the following letter: 
 
 To THE Editor of thb Nbw York World: 
 
 I see by the public prints that Gen. Kilpatrick has decorated me with 
 his disapprobation before the people of Pennsylvania. He informs them, 
 substantially, that he tamed me by capturing me and riding me 200 miles 
 on a bareback mule. I will do him the justice to say that he knew tliat was 
 a lie when he uttered it. 
 
 I surrendered to Gen. Schofield at Greensboro, N. C, on the 2d day of 
 May, 1865, who told me to go to my home and remain there, saying that if 
 
Address of Hon. Locke Craig 25 
 
 he got any orders to arrest me he would send there for me. Accordingly I 
 went home, and there remained until I was arrested on the 13th of May by 
 a detachment of 300 Cavalry, imder Maj. Porter, of Harrisbiu-g, from whom 
 I received nothing but kindness and courtesy. I came in a buggy to 
 Salisbury, where we took the cars. 
 
 I saw no mule on the trip, yet I thought I saw an ass at the general's 
 headquarters; this impression has since been confirmed. 
 Respectfully, yours, 
 
 Z. B. Vance. 
 
 His humor was inimitable ; it was spontaneous. Audi- 
 ences were convulsed with laughter by his witticisms 
 and his stories; but his himior was always an incident. 
 It always illustrated. It was always used for a purpose. 
 It was overwhelming and brought his antagonist irre- 
 sistibly into ridicule. When the southern leaders in 
 Congress were accused of disloyalty, he said: 
 
 Wlfat motive have we to injure this country? Having siirrendered the 
 doctrine of secession and abandoned any intention whatsoever to divide 
 this Union, how could we expect that the democracy to which we belong 
 could obtain and hold the control of the Government except by showing 
 the people by our acts that we are patriotically desirous of promoting its 
 welfare and its glory. But you say you distrust these expressions. My 
 friends, in your hearts you do not. On the contrary, a man who has offered 
 his blood once for his plighted faith you believe when he plights his faith 
 again. There is not a southern rebel, no matter how bitter and rampant 
 he may have been, that you have not received with arms widespread and 
 rewarded with offices of honor and trust who came to you with craven 
 repentance on his tongue, ready to vote the Republican ticket and eating 
 dirt with the same gluttonous appetite with which he once ate fire. You 
 profess to believe him, but you despise him in your hearts. You are not 
 alarmed to receive him and you cast no suspicion upon his professions of 
 sincerity, though, as has more than once happened, he asks you to believe 
 he tells the truth to-day because he told a lie yesterday. 
 
 His personal appearance was unique. He did not look 
 like other men. No man who saw him ever forgot him. 
 His magnetism charmed with a peculiar and indescribable 
 power. When you looked upon him, you knew that you 
 beheld the lion-hearted leader of men. 
 
 When known and imderstood, men of all parties ad- 
 mired and honored him for his convictions, his cotu-age, 
 his kindness of heart, his abiding loyalty and devotion to 
 the whole cotmtry. 
 
26 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 When he died the State was awed into a solemnity that 
 we had not known. It was realized that the foremost 
 had fallen. The train bearing him for the last time to 
 the bosom of the moimtains that bore him and nm-tured 
 him passed through the State while the assembled people 
 with uncovered heads bowed and wept. Meetings were 
 held in almost every county in expression of universal 
 sorrow. The State was his funeral cortege. 
 
 No hollow formalist was he, deceptive and self-deceptive, ghastly to 
 the natural sense, but a very man, fiery, real, from the great fire bosom 
 of nature herself. 
 
 The Chairman: We are honored in having with us here 
 to-day the Vice President of the United States. Called to 
 his high place by reason of faithful and able service to his 
 people, presiding with distinction over the august body 
 where Senator Vance served so long and so well, it is 
 eminently fitting that he should receive the statue in be- 
 half of the Nation. It is indeed a privilege to present the 
 Vice President. 
 
ADDRESS OF HON. THOMAS R. MARSHALL 
 
 That which we call life is but a narrow isthmus which 
 links the " Land of Was " to the " Land of To Be. " We 
 enter by the "Port of Wail" and we leave it over the 
 "Bridge of Sighs." We have our hopes, our fears, our 
 seeming failures and successes. Alternate sunshine and 
 shadow play around us, and at the close we wonder 
 whether we have found the right way out of our wilderness 
 of thought, whether it has paid. So many seemingly 
 strive for high and mighty purposes only to fail, and so 
 many roam like care-free children along the way only to 
 seemingly succeed that yet again we wonder whether 
 there is a purpose in it all. That man who walks by 
 knowledge can not tell; that man who goes along the 
 path of faith, he alone knows. For, in the brief span of this 
 existence, there are so many unaccountable experiences 
 one can not think they come by chance. Into the 
 composite photograph of a man there are so many indis- 
 tinguishable faces that in the making of it there must 
 have been a plan. 
 
 This is not perfunctory service upon the part of the 
 presiding officer of the Senate. It is a quickened heart 
 throb at the memory of days agone and an humble apology 
 to Zebui^on B. Vance for a partial failure of life's work. 
 This is both an official and personal occasion to me. In 
 the days of my young manhood when more or less thought- 
 fully striving to fit myself for the duties of an American 
 citizen, I was sent by my parents to a small Presbyterian 
 college in Indiana. Some little while after my matricula- 
 tion I was solicited to join a Greek letter fraternity. 
 Among the inducements held out to me was the fact that 
 Gov. Vance of North Carolina would be one of my broth- 
 ers and that Gen. Lew Wallace of Indiana would be 
 another. I was not overly thoughtful as a boy nor do I 
 claim to be now that age has come, but I did exercise 
 
 27 
 
28 Statue of Zebtdon Baird Vance 
 
 enough thought to reach the conclusion that I wanted to 
 be a member of a fraternity that embraced in its ranks a 
 war governor of the South and a Union general of the 
 North. 
 
 For more than 40 years now I have enjoyed at fraternity 
 banquets the opportunity of referring to "Brother Zeb 
 Vance" and "Brother Lew Wallace." While governor 
 of my native State, I had the honor of delivering the 
 oration at the unveiling in this Hall of Fame of Indiana's 
 contribution of the statue of Brother Lew Wallace. 
 To-day, on behalf of the Government of the United States, 
 I have the honor of receiving the statue of Brother Zeb 
 Vance. Let him who believes that men are tossed by 
 fate without purpose upon the angry seas of life, think on 
 these occturences. 
 
 Most of us are very thoughtless. We have no well- 
 defined intention of sajring or doing aught that will offend 
 our brother man, lessen the sum total of his happiness or 
 prevent the onward progress of humankind, but most of 
 us are careless. 
 
 Forty-six years ago I began to consider the life of 
 Zebulon B. Vance. I found then that the lodestar of 
 his life was truth; that the compass by which he sailed 
 his bark was consecrated to present duty; that his char- 
 acter contained something more than knowledge, industry 
 and eloquence; that it had wrapped up within it that most 
 priceless jewel of humanity — influence — and that that in- 
 fluence was never used in an unworthy cause nor for the 
 purpose of self-aggrandizement. And as the years went 
 by and he passed from the keeping of North Carolina into 
 the keeping of the RepubUc, he sailed an unvarying course 
 toward truth and honor and justice. True he had his am- 
 bitions and they were satisfied far beyond the dreams or 
 merits of other men but his ambition diS'ered from mighty 
 conquerors in that he sought place, preferment and power 
 not for himself but for the sufi'ering, the helpless and the 
 less competent sons of men. To many even in these short 
 
Address of Hon. Thomas R. Marshall 29 
 
 years since his ashes have mingled again with the soil of 
 the Old North State, his name may be but a memory. 
 But his courage in war, his patriotism in peace, his un- 
 selfish devotion to the rights of man are a memory which 
 sweetens the sleep of every North Carolinian, strengthens 
 the arm of every American and heartens the hope of every 
 young man who wants to do the right for the right's sake 
 in the new age now just upon us. 
 
 The Republic receives into this pantheon with loving 
 gratitude this counterfeit presentment of North Carolina's 
 illustrious son and may the time never come when any 
 son or daughter of the Republic shall pass it by unnoticed 
 or fail to lift a prayer to Heaven for the birth and rebirth 
 of the high ideals which he inspired in the minds and 
 hearts and conduct of the men and women of North 
 Carolina. 
 
 The statue was then decorated with palms, presented 
 by Mrs. Josephus Daniels, and with wreaths of pine and 
 of rhododendron, sent by the patriotic women of North 
 Carolina and presented by Mrs. Eugene Little, president 
 of the North Carolina division of the Daughters of the 
 Confederacy, by Mrs. W. P. Parsons of Wadesboro, and by 
 Mrs. Glenn, president of the Zeb Vance Chapter of Bun- 
 combe County. 
 
 The ceremony was then closed with the benediction of 
 the bishop. 
 
ACCEPTANCE 
 OF THE STATUE 
 
 BY THE SENATE 
 JUNE 22, 1916 
 BY THE HOUSE 
 JULY 29, 1916 
 
PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE 
 
 SATURDAY, JUKE 3, 1916 
 
 Mr. Overman. I ask present consideration for the reso- 
 lution which I send to the desk. 
 
 The resolution (S. Res. 210) was read, considered by 
 unanimous consent, and agreed to, as follows: 
 
 Resolved, That exercises appropriate to the reception and acceptance 
 from the State of North Carolina of the statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, 
 erected in Statuary Hall in the Capitol, be made the special order for 
 Thursday, June 22, igi6, after the conclusion of the routine morning 
 business. 
 
 Mr. Overman. I send to the desk a notice, which I ask 
 to have read. 
 
 The Secretary. The Senator from North Carolina [Mr. 
 Overman] gives notice that on Thursday, June 22, 191 6, 
 immediately upon the conclusion of the routine morning 
 business, he will ask that the business of the Senate be 
 suspended in order that there may be held appropriate 
 exercises for the reception and acceptance from the State 
 of North Carolina of the statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, 
 erected in Statuary Hall in the Capitol. 
 
 THURSDAY, JUNE 22, 1916 
 
 Mr. Overman. Mr. President, in accordance with a 
 notice which is found upon the calendar, given some two 
 weeks ago, and also in accordance with a resolution 
 adopted by the Senate, I send forward a letter from his 
 excellency, the governor of North Carolina, and ask that 
 it may be read. 
 
 The Vice President. In the absence of objection, the 
 Secretary will read the letter. 
 
 60551°— 17 3 ,3 
 
34 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 The Secretary read as follows: 
 
 State of North Carolina, 
 
 Executive Department, 
 
 Raleigh, June 20, IQ16. 
 To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Gentlemen: I have the honor to inform you that the General Assembly 
 of North Carolina, by joint resolution, directed that the governor and 
 council of state procure a statue of her illustrious citizen, Zebulon Baird 
 Vance, governor. Member of the House of Representatives, and Senator, 
 to be placed in Statuary Hall, the Capitol, Washington, D. C, pursuant 
 to the act of Congress. By virtue of said resolution the governor, with the 
 approval of the council of state, appointed William A, Hoke, Mrs. M. V. 
 Moore, Miss Laura Lindsay Carter, Clement Manly, and John Henry Martin, 
 a commission to procure and have said statue erected. 
 
 I am informed by the commission that the statue, made by Gutzon Bor- 
 glura, has been duly placed in position and is now ready to be presented 
 to you. As governor of the State of North Carolina, it affords me pleasure 
 to present to the people and Government of the United States tlie statue 
 of Zebulon Baird Vance, distinguished soldier, citizen, and statesman. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 Locke Craig, Governor. 
 
 Mr. Overman. Mr. President, I offer a concurrent reso- 
 lution, and ask that it be read. Later I shall ask unani- 
 mous consent for its present consideration. 
 
 The resolution (S. Con. Res. 24) was read, as follows: 
 
 Resolved, etc.. That the statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, presented by 
 the State of North Carolina to be placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in 
 the name of the United States, and that the thanks of Congress be tendered 
 to the State of North Carolina for the contribution of the statue of one of its 
 most eminent citizens, illustrious for the high piupose of his life, and his 
 distinguished services to the State and Nation. 
 
 Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly 
 authenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of North Carolina. 
 
 Mr. Overman. Mr. President, I ask for the adoption of 
 the concurrent resolution which I have heretofore sub- 
 mitted and which has been read. 
 
 The concurrent resolution was unanimously agreed to. 
 
 Mr. Overman. Mr. President, I now offer the concurrent 
 resolution which I send to the desk. 
 
 The Vice President. The Secretary will read the con- 
 current resolution submitted by the Senator from North 
 Carolina. 
 
Proceedings in the Senate 35 
 
 The concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 25) was read, 
 considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to, as 
 follows : 
 
 Resolved, That there be printed and bound, under the direction of the 
 Joint Committee on Printing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the 
 proceedings at the unveiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the 
 statue of Zebulon Baird Vance presented by the State of North Carolina, 
 16,500 copies, with suitable illustration, of which 5,000 shall be for the use 
 of the Senate and ro,ooo for the use of the House of Representatives, and 
 the remaining 1,500 copies shall be for the use and distribution of the 
 Senators and Representatives in Congress from the State of North Carolina. 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. OVERMAN, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. President, with the completion of the two wings 
 added to the old Capitol, one now occupied by the House 
 of Representatives and the other by the Senate, the old 
 House of Representatives was left deserted and silent. 
 The scenes enacted there in that old Chamber for 50 years 
 were only a precious memory, and the echoes made by 
 the noise of footsteps only recalled the eloquent voices 
 which had once so stirred the Members who sat there to 
 make laws for their country. 
 
 For the utiHzation of tliis deserted Chamber many plans 
 were submitted. The late Senator Morrill, then a Mem- 
 ber of the House, finally submitted the following plan, 
 wliich was approved and became a law on the 2d day of 
 July, 1869: 
 
 The President is authorized to invite all the States to provide and furnish 
 statues, in marble or bronze, not exceeding two in number for each State, 
 of deceased persons who have been citizens thereof and illustrious for their 
 historic renown or for distinguished civic or military services, such a^ each 
 State may deem to be worthy of this national commemoration; and when so 
 furnished the same shall be placed in the old Hall of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, in the Capitol of the United States, which is set apart, or so 
 much thereof as may be necessary, as a national Statuary Hall for the pur- 
 pose herein indicated. 
 
 His remarks in speaking to the passage of this bill are 
 worthy to be quoted here, and were as follows: 
 
 Congress is the guardian of this fine old Hall, surpassing in beauty all the 
 rooms of this vast pile, and should protect it from desecration. Its noble 
 columns from a quarry exhausted and incapable of reproduction — 
 "Nature formed but one. 
 And broke the die in molding." 
 
 Its democratic simplicity and grandeur of style and its wealth of asso- 
 ciation, with many earnest and eloquent chapters in the history of our 
 country, deserve perpetuity at the hands of an American Congress. It was 
 here that many of our most distinguished men, whose fame "the world 
 will not willingly let die," began or ended their career. 
 
 It appears to me eminently proper, therefore, that this House should 
 take the initiative in setting a|);irt with reverent affection the Hall, so 
 charged with precious memories, to some purpose of usefulness and dignity. 
 
 36 
 
Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 37 
 
 To what end more useful or grand, and at the same time simple and inex- 
 pensive, can we devote it than to ordain that it shall be set apart for the 
 reception of such statuary as each State shall elect to be deserving of this 
 lasting commemoration? Will not all the States with generous emulation 
 proudly respond, and thus furnish a new evidence that the Union will 
 clasp and hold forever all its jewels — ^the glories of the past, civil, military, 
 and judicial — in one hallowed spot where those who will be here to aid in 
 carrying on the Government may daily receive fresh inspiration and new 
 incentives? "To scorn delights and live laborious days?" and where 
 pilgrims from all parts of the Union, as well as from foreign lands, may 
 come and behold a gallery filled with such American manhood as succeeding 
 generations will delight to honor, and see also the actual form and mold of 
 those who have inerasably fixed their names on the pages of history. 
 
 North Carolina, one of the old original 13 States, now 
 claims her right and the happy privilege to place in 
 that gallery of renowned statesmen, heroes, soldiers, and 
 patriots one of her foremost citizens, illustrious and dis- 
 tinguished for his services to his State and his country, 
 both in peace and in war — a patriot and a leader among 
 men, idolized by all his people. 
 
 For 50 years the State of North CaroUna failed to avail 
 herself of this generous offer of Congress. But when the 
 time came to make selection of him to be so greatly 
 honored and revered, among all the great and noble 
 men of the State from its early history, distinguished 
 Americans, patriots, statesmen, lawyers, judges, builders 
 of the State and country, great Senators and governors, 
 as they all passed in review the eyes of the people in- 
 stinctively tiuned upon one man, and with one accord, 
 without a dissenting voice, selected the great commoner, 
 Zebulon Baird Vance. 
 
 As the beautiful movmtains in which he first saw the 
 light towers over the lovely valleys lying below, as Moimt 
 Mitchell, the highest peak east of the Rocky Mountains, 
 towers over the other peaks of the Appalachian Range, out 
 of which it lifts its lofty head, at the foot of which Senator 
 Vance built his beautiful home, so in the hearts of his 
 countrymen he towers over all the great array of men who 
 had become distinguished in the State and our cotmtry's 
 history. He had loved them, led them, and suffered with 
 
38 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 them in the dark days, in the days of distress and gloom, 
 amid the storms, their distress, and defeat; and then after 
 the storm was over, after the disaster, the suffering, the 
 distress, and defeat he led them in sunshine and to tri- 
 umphant victory. 
 
 He had faithfully represented them in the House of Rep- 
 resentatives. He had led them and fought with them 
 upon the bloody field of battle. He had served them in 
 the executive chair so ably and conspicuously that he be- 
 came far and wide renowned as the greatest of the war 
 governors; and when the clouds had passed away and the 
 evil days had gone, again as their governor upon its ruins 
 he helped to rebuild the old State, and with great ability 
 and eminent statesmanship for more than 1 2 years served 
 his people in the Senate, and finally died at his post of 
 duty. He loved the people and the people loved him as 
 few public men had ever been loved. 
 
 His heroic statue now stands in Statuary Hall with 
 Washington and Lincoln, Lee and Grant, Webster, Clay, 
 Calhoun, and with other renowned statesmen and patriots 
 whose States have placed them there for our countrymen 
 to admire and revere, and that they may derive "fresh 
 inspiration and new incentives" to their country's honor 
 and glory. 
 
 In this age of commercialism we are inclined to forget 
 the men whose high ideals and devotion to duty have 
 aided in the upbuilding of this great Government and the 
 preservation of the immortal principles upon which it 
 was founded. In the mad rush for place and position it 
 is well to have just such object lessons as are found in that 
 gallery of statesmen to remind us that our happiness and 
 the blessings of liberty we enjoy are interwoven with the 
 efforts, hardships, and the accomplishments of those who 
 have lived before us. The history of those lives is the 
 history of our coimtry. 
 
 Senator Vance 's ancestors were of Scotch-Irish descent. 
 They settled in North Carolina Ijefore the Revolution, 
 and both his paternal and maternal ancestors fought in 
 
Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 39 
 
 that great struggle for independence — one at Valley Forge 
 with Washington and the other at Ramseurs Mill and 
 Kings Mountain. Both aided in the erection of this 
 wonderful superstructure which guarantees political lib- 
 erty and individual freedom. From them he inherited 
 his great courage, his patriotism, and his rugged honesty. 
 Senator Vance had combined in him the humor and known 
 wit of the Irish, and the logic, the perseverance, the in- 
 sight, and love of liberty of the Scotch. Upon the hus- 
 tings, in the office, the social circle, in every company 
 and on every occasion he enlivened it with his wit, bright- 
 ened it with his humor, and charmed it with his jovial 
 good nature. 
 
 He was bom in the county of Buncombe, on the 13th 
 day of May, 1830, in the Blue Ridge Mountains, near the 
 French Broad River, whose waters dash, sing, and roar 
 over the rugged rocks, through the picturesque forests 
 between the great mountains on to the sea. 
 
 He spent his early life upon the farm. He acquired a 
 good education in the village school, and when prepared 
 he attended Washington College, Tennessee, and then one 
 year at the university of the State ; read law and received 
 his license to practice. 
 
 At the age of 21 he was elected county attorney, at 
 the age of 24 he was elected to the house of commons, at 
 the age of 28 he was elected to Congress, and at the age 
 of 30 was reelected to Congress for a second term. At 
 the age of 3 1 , in 1 86 1 , he volunteered for the war and was 
 elected captain and then colonel of the famous fighting 
 Twenty-sixth Regiment North Carolina State troops in 
 the Confederate Army. At the age of 32 he was elected 
 governor of the State of North Carolina, and at the age 
 of 34 he was reelected governor for a second term. At 
 the age of 40 he was elected United States Senator, but 
 was denied admission upon the ground that his political 
 disabilities had not been removed. At the age of 46 he 
 was again elected governor of his State. At the age of 
 49 he was again elected to the United States Senate and 
 
40 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 took his seat, and every six years thereafter was reelected 
 to the Senate until his death in this city at the age of 
 64 years, having been elected four times to this great 
 body. Thus step by step, from his early manhood, 
 higher and higher his people heaped promotions and 
 honors upon him and elevated him to positions of con- 
 fidence and trust, in all of which positions he achieved 
 distinction. He never betrayed his people. He served 
 them in all these positions with fidelity and great ability 
 and never a breath of scandal or criticism of his integrity 
 and honesty was ever made against him by either friend 
 or foe. 
 
 While at the front fighting with his regiment, to one 
 of his constituents who was urging him to give his con- 
 sent for the people of his district to elect him to the 
 Confederate Congress he replied as follows : 
 
 You remember well the position I occupied upon the great question 
 which so lately divided the people of the Soutli. Ardently devoted to 
 the old Union and the forms which the Federal fathers established, I 
 clung to it so long as I thought there was a shadow of a hope of preserving, 
 purifying, or reconstructing it. And you will also remember that in the 
 last official communication I had the honor to make to my constituents 
 as their Representative I pledged myself in case all our efforts for peace 
 and justice at the hands of the North should fail, that their cause was 
 mine, their destiny was my destiny, and that all I had and was should 
 be spent in their service. Those hopes did fail, as you know, signally 
 and miserably fail; civil war was thrust upon the country and the strong 
 arm of northern despotism was stretched out to crush and subdue the 
 southern people. I immediately volunteered for their defense, in obe- 
 dience not only to this promise, but also, as I trust, to patriotic instincts; 
 and I should hold this promise but poorly fulfilled should I now, after 
 having acquired sufficient knowledge of military affairs to begin to be 
 useful to my country, escape its obligations by seeking or even accepting 
 a civil appointment. 
 
 He had been elected to Congress in 1854 as a State 
 Rights American. At home and in Congress he was an 
 outspoken Union man. He loved the flag his fathers had 
 fought to establish, but he also believed, as he had been 
 taught, that his first duty was to his State. When his 
 State, which had voted in April, 1861 , to stay in the Union, 
 finally had to take her choice whether to fight with and for 
 her neighbors or against them, on the 20th of May, a 
 
Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 41 
 
 month following, unhesitatingly seceded from the Union, 
 he, as was his duty to do, went with his people and at once 
 volunteered to fight in their defense, and he went into the 
 war with his whole heart and soul. He was making a 
 speech at Asheville, in his district, for the preservation of 
 the Union when Mr. Lincoln s proclamation arrived and 
 was handed him. His hand came down and his voice 
 raised for volunteers for the war. 
 
 Sometime after this the people of the State began to hold 
 meetings and in the press began to call upon him to consent 
 to allow them to run him for governor. Time and again he 
 was importuned to do so, and then from the battle front 
 he wrote to a friend as follows: 
 
 Believing that the only hope of the South depended upon the prosecution 
 of tlie war at all hazards and to the utmost extremity so long as the foot of 
 an invader pressed Southern soil, I took the field at an early day, with the 
 determination to remain there until our independence was achieved. My 
 convictions in tliis regard remain unchanged. In accordance therewith I 
 have steadily and sincerely declined all promotion save that which placed 
 me at the head of the gallant men whom I now command. A true man 
 shotild, however, be willing to serve wherever the public voice may assign 
 him. If, therefore, my fellow citizens believe that I could serve the great 
 cause better as governor than I am now doing, and should see proper to con- 
 fer this great responsibility upon me, without solicitation on my part, I 
 should not feel at liberty to decline it, however conscious of my own un- 
 worthiness. 
 
 In thus frankly avowing my willingness to labor in any position which 
 may be thought best for the public good, I do not wish to be considered 
 guilty of the affectation of indifference to the great honor which my fellow 
 citizens thus propose to bestow upon me. On the contrary, I should con- 
 sider it the crowning glory of my life to be placed in a position where I 
 could most advance the interests and honor of North Carolina, and , if neces- 
 sary', lead her gallant sons against her foes. But I shall be content with 
 the people's will. Let them speak. 
 
 He was elected governor in 1862 and was reelected in 
 1864, and during tliis most stormy, trying, and saddest 
 period of the State's history he served with the highest 
 executive ability and exhibited a degree of wisdom, far- 
 seeing sagacity, and ability for organization rarely ever 
 seen in any man. He equipped and sent to the Con- 
 federate Army more troops than any other Southern 
 State. Her soldiers were better clad and her people had 
 more comfort at home. 
 
42 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 All the ports of the South had been blockaded, and soon 
 after his inauguration he conceived the idea of "running 
 the blockade," and organized a fleet of blockade runners 
 from Wilmington, N. C, to European and South Ameri- 
 can ports, by means of which he was enabled to export 
 cotton and receive in exchange shoes, cloth, cotton cards, 
 and other necessities of life for the soldiers and people at 
 home. This blockade he successfully carried on during 
 nearly the entire war. In every county he organized relief 
 societies to save the poor from starvation, and did every- 
 thing possible that could be done to care for the women 
 and children while his soldiers were away fighting in de- 
 fense of the State. He upheld the rights of the courts 
 and the individuals, and refused to allow to be suspended 
 the great writ of habeas corpus. 
 
 At the close of the war he was arrested and confined in 
 the old Capitol Prison, but when the records were shown 
 of his kind treatment of the 10,000 starving Union sol- 
 diers confined at Salisbury, in his State, his appeal to his 
 own people to share their scanty subsistence with them, 
 and his appeal to the authorities of the North for an ex- 
 change of prisoners he was granted an early discharge. 
 He returned home, sad at heart, to share with his people 
 their poverty and defeat. He began the practice of the 
 law for a hveUhood, but his people called upon him again 
 to serve them and lead them. 
 
 In the great campaign of 1876, when the people of the 
 State determined to rid themselves from carpetbag mis- 
 rule and the rottenness and corruption that then obtained 
 in high places, from the insult and oppression of the mis- 
 guided negro — their former slaves — from the chaotic con- 
 ditions that then prevailed in the State, they again called 
 upon Gov. Vance to be their Moses to lead them out of 
 the wilderness of their troubles and humiliation; and the 
 Democratic Party, with which he had allied liimself, se- 
 lected him as their standard bearer and nominated him 
 for governor. The Republicans had nominated one of 
 
Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 43 
 
 the ablest debaters in that State, and then in joint canvass 
 thev began one of the ablest, bitterest, and most exciting 
 campaigns ever known or ever will be known again in that 
 State. 
 
 Mr. President, although quite a young man, I was with 
 him occasionally in that campaign and with others fol- 
 lowed him to his different appointments in the State. I 
 saw the great multitude of men, women, and children 
 who flocked to see him and hear him. I saw the great 
 cavalcades tliat came cheering to welcome him and escort 
 him on the highways to his appointments. Many of 
 them would follow him about from appointment to ap- 
 pointment and never tire of hearing him. I have seen 
 that great form rise to speak and then the wild cheering. 
 I have heard him address the multitude, at times moving 
 them to tears, at times moving them to uncontrollable 
 laughter at his sallies of wit and humor; have heard those 
 delightful anecdotes with which he clinched some of his 
 strongest points, heard his unanswerable logic, his fierce 
 invective, ridicule, and sarcasm, and his flow of eloquence, 
 and altogether, like a mighty torrent, it would carry the 
 crowd with him and would so warm their hearts that with 
 mighty cheers — 
 
 They threw their hats 
 
 As they would hang them on the horns of the moon, 
 
 Shouting their exultation. 
 
 "They heard him with raptiue and exultant joy." I 
 have seen that magnificent presence of his rise when the 
 masses, wrought up to great excitement, like the waves 
 of the sea in a great storm wrought up to wildest ftuy, 
 when it seemed they were almost ready to mob his op- 
 ponent, lift his arm and wave his hand for order, and in a 
 moment they were as quiet as the grave and were listen- 
 ing in respectful silence to the great speech of his oppo- 
 nent. He always had wonderful control of his audience. 
 It was one triumphant march from the mountains to the 
 sea. He was elected. Nothing cotdd stop the great vic- 
 tory which came to him. 
 
44 Statiie of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 With his election came peace, race antagonism was in a 
 measm^e allayed, and the old Commonwealth started on 
 its onward march upward to happiness and prosperity. 
 Red strings, Ku Klux, and secret political societies of all 
 kinds were heard of no more. Frequent murders, arson, 
 rape, riots, and rapine ceased. Justice was administered 
 to all alike by the courts, good order was restored, and 
 the people who builded this great Commonwealth came 
 into their own again. 
 
 He began at once to plan for the settlement of the great 
 debt that was burdening the people, to provide for the 
 education of the white people and the black people alike, 
 to provide for the care of the insane, the deaf, dumb, and 
 blind, and relieve the people of the terrible burdens under 
 which they were then suffering, all of which, in a measure, 
 matured. He called a great meeting of the colored men 
 of the State to meet at the capitol and addressed them in 
 words of wisdom and tenderness, advising them that he 
 was their governor; and the kindly advice he then gave 
 had its effect to this day and accounts somewhat for the 
 cordial relations which now exist between the races in 
 that State. 
 
 He honored me with a position, with his confidence and 
 his friendship. I was closely associated with him and knew 
 him in the executive office and in the home circle. I loved 
 him for his uniform kindness. I admired him for his 
 genius, his great courage, and patience imder most trying 
 circumstances. I enjoyed his brilliant conversation and 
 his rich, rare, and racy fund of anecdotes, his humor, and 
 jovial disposition. While his soul was full of wit and 
 humor, he was serious and often engaged in the deepest 
 thought and found time to write his celebrated lecture 
 upon the "Scattered Nation." 
 
 Perhaps the only thing for which he was seriously criti- 
 cized while governor was his too free use of the pardoning 
 power. I have seen the little blind girl pleading for the 
 pardon of her aged father, the wife pleading for her hus- 
 band, and the mother for her boy bring him to tears. His 
 
Address oj Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 45 
 
 great tender heart could not resist their appeals. Tender- 
 ness, sympathy, and mercy were part of his nature. He 
 would often yield when he knew that his action was taken 
 in the face of adverse opinion. Free from egotism, he was 
 one of the most approachable of men, and the executive 
 chamber was always open to all comers without regard to 
 their standing in life. His majestic form, his resonant 
 voice, his long flowing locks, the merry twinkle of the eye, 
 and his simple manners, his open-heartedness, impressed 
 everyone who came in his presence. They felt they stood 
 in the presence of a great man, but were unafraid and at 
 once felt at home. 
 
 His people would not permit him to remain long in the 
 executive chair, and two years after he had been inaugu- 
 rated governor he was elected to the Senate and was sworn 
 in as a Member of this body on the 4th day of March, 1879. 
 He at once took high rank in this body and was recognized 
 as one of its greatest debaters. He was on some of the 
 most important committees, but his greatest work was 
 upon the Finance Committee. Perhaps his greatest speech 
 here was upon the tariff question. He carefully attended 
 to the wants of his constituents, was very industrious, and 
 contributed by his wisdom to many important public 
 measures. 
 
 His great reputation had preceded him here, and he 
 suffered not by his close associations with his colleagues, 
 in his service here, or by his activities in the Nation's 
 counsels. 
 
 Imbued with the doctrine of State rights, loving the 
 South, her people, and her traditions with a fervor 
 amovmting to passion, he viewed with distrust and sus- 
 picion every measure which seemed to him to point to a 
 centralization of power in the Federal Government. 
 
 Imbued with the spirit of chivalry, with high ideals of 
 honor and a lover of the truth, he was ever on the side 
 of right and justice, and the cause of the people foimd in 
 him a bold and steadfast champion. 
 
46 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 Among his colleagues in the Senate there were great 
 men of great minds and great ability; statesmen of long 
 and large experience, but with them he suffered not by 
 comparison. 
 
 He was a great reader of the Bible and had an abiding 
 faith in the truth of the Christian religion and the im- 
 mortality of the soul. Not in years, but worn with cares, 
 duties, honors, and responsibilities of a long life of arduous 
 service to his people and his coimtry, having completed 
 his work, his great soul passed into eternity, and the 
 people of his State without regard to party, race, sex, or 
 creed bowed their heads in sorrow. Women wept and 
 strong men shed tears as they walked along the streets. 
 
 Three times governor of a great State; twice elected to 
 the House of Representatives; four times elected to the 
 United States Senate. Can there be fovmd in the annals 
 of our history such a record? 
 
 To perpetuate his memory his native coimty has 
 erected a great monument to him in the city of Asheville, 
 his people a bronze statue of him in the beautiful capitol 
 grounds, and his State now has placed in the abiding 
 place of the Nation's immortals, in bronze, his chiseled 
 form and features in memory of the deeds of the past and 
 to be an inspiration to those who come after us to kindle 
 the fires of patriotism and stir the hearts of the youth of 
 the land to greater and nobler endeavor for the glory and 
 honor of our great country. 
 
 Like a granite pillar chiseled from his own native 
 quarries his life rises above us, lofty and massive, and 
 yet graceful. It rises above the clouds of troubles and 
 hardships he endured, and, sim kissed, it stands in the 
 light of heaven, a monument of a glory that is past and a 
 guide to that which is to be. 
 
 The potentates on whom men gaze, 
 When once their nilc has reached its goal, 
 
 Die into darkness with their days. 
 But monarchs of tlie mind and soul, 
 
 With light unfailing and unspent. 
 Illuminate fame's firmament. 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. LODGE, OF MASSACHUSETTS 
 
 Mr. President: When I entered the Senate, in March, 
 1S93, Senator Vance was one of its ablest, best-known, 
 and most popular Members. My acquaintance with him 
 was necessarily brief, because within a year after my 
 coming into the Senate Senator Vance died. It is no 
 slight evidence, however, of the power of his personality 
 and of his personal attraction that I felt that by his death 
 I had lost a friend, for he had made me his friend in those 
 few short months. I was a yoimg man and on the other 
 side, politically, but nevertheless he dwells with me now 
 as one of the most vivid memories of my early days in 
 the Senate and stands out a marked and gracious figiu-e 
 in my visions of the past. 
 
 Others far better qualified than I will trace here his 
 distinguished career, both in war and in peace. All that 
 I can hope to give is the impression made upon me during 
 the brief year in which I knew him. He had a strong per- 
 sonality, as I have already said; but, imlike some strong 
 personalities, his carried with it nothing but a sense of 
 kindliness and humor, for which delightful qualities, indeed, 
 he was conspicuous. When he died the feeling that came 
 uppermost, I think, in the minds of all who knew him in 
 the Senate was not of the eminent public man or of his 
 services in the field and in public life. It was that we 
 had lost a friend, a man who had awakened in us the warm 
 feelings of affection. But there was another side to Gov. 
 Vance, far more important even than this, and which I 
 see now more clearly than I did at the time. He was a 
 fine example of a certain type of man who had fought on 
 the Confederate side during the Civil War. There were 
 many of these men in the Senate in those days; now, alas! 
 there are very few. Then for the first time I was brought 
 into personal contact with them. I had been bred in an 
 
 47 
 
48 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 atmosphere of intense hostility to the principles for which 
 they had fought. I widely disagreed with most of their 
 political views; but I was not long in the society of these 
 men in the Senate — these men of whom Gov. Vance was 
 such an admirable example — without learning keenly to 
 appreciate their strong qualities. Their theories of polit- 
 ical action which had guided them in the past, and which 
 guided them then, were not mine and never could be; 
 but they were men of principle and of conviction, and for 
 their principles they had not only fought but they were 
 ready to sacrifice themselves to them if need came in the 
 less dangerous but more insidious trials of public life.. 
 They were men of traditions. They had the old Ameri- 
 can traditions strong within them, as did the men from 
 the North, who fought against them. What I mean pre- 
 cisely by this it would take more time to explain than I 
 have to give, but I think everyone who knows and loves 
 our history will understand what I mean. 
 
 Above all. Gov. Vance and those who shared his prin- 
 ciples and had fought with him in the Civil War were 
 men who believed profoundly that there were certain 
 things for which the individual life ought to be sacrificed, 
 and that there were higher ideals to be followed than 
 living in comfort and safety with opportunity to accumu- 
 late money. They were to the fullest extent like those 
 whom they met in arms upon the battle fields of the Civil 
 War, of the race of men who fought the Revolution, and 
 they resented dishonor or humiliation for their country 
 as they would have resented it for themselves. Rather 
 than permit their Nation to undergo humiliation or be 
 dishonored, rather than sacrifice principles in which they 
 believed, they were ready to fight and, if need be, give 
 their lives. They and the men who fought for the Union, 
 however they differed, went to war in the same spirit, 
 which has, I believe, at all times ever been the true 
 American spirit. When it is extinguished, then the end 
 of the Republic is not far off. 
 
Address of Mr. Lodge, of Massachusetts 49 
 
 In Gov. Vance one saw first his wit and humor, his 
 geniality and good comradeship, and everyone loved him 
 for these most attractive qualities. But as one came to 
 know him better one felt that he was a representative of 
 those by whose toil and sacrifice and courage great na- 
 tions are made. Nobody could doubt for a moment that 
 Gov. Vance would die rather than be — 
 
 One of a nation, who, henceforth, raus* wear 
 Their fetters in their souls. 
 
 Therefore North Carolina does well to give his statue 
 to the Nation, and we do well to honor and recall his 
 memory here. 
 
 605il°— 17 4 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. SMITH, OF GEORGIA 
 
 Mr. President : Citizens of North Carolina have made 
 records for patriotism, from the days of the Mecklenburg 
 Declaration of Independence on down to the present 
 time, unsurpassed in the annals of history. Her sons 
 have rendered distinguished service as lawyers, as sol- 
 diers, and as statesmen. 
 
 The bench has never been occupied by greater jurists 
 than Gaston, Iredell, Rufl&n, and Pearson. To tlie bril- 
 liant galaxy of American soldiers North Carolina con- 
 tributed, among others, Gens. Graham, McDowell, Hoke, 
 and Hill. Her statesmen have given splendid servdce to 
 the entire country, and from among their number may 
 be mentioned Macon, Mangum, Graham, and Merriman. 
 
 When the question arose in North Carolina of selecting 
 from her distinguished sons one whose statue should grace 
 the National Statuary Hall, the citizens of that State 
 found many worthy of the place. It might well have been 
 expected that difficulty of decision would develop, but there 
 was no division of sentiment as to who should be chosen. 
 With one voice North Carolinians named him, Zebulon 
 B. Vance, and no one questions that the naming was 
 justly made. 
 
 I knew him from my childhood to the hour of his death. 
 He was devoted to the University of North Carolina and 
 visited that institution frequently. There he was always 
 a guest of my father, who was a professor of the univer- 
 sity. I was at his bedside through the long, long night 
 when he died. It is a privilege to join with Nortli Caro- 
 linians and pay tribute to his memory. 
 
 He was a great executive officer. He was governor of 
 
 North Carolina during the Civil War, and as a result of 
 
 his calm, forceful, determined administration of the affairs 
 
 of the State North Carolina's troops were the best clad 
 
 50 
 
Address of Mr. Smith, of Georgia 51 
 
 and the best fed of any of the troops of the Southern 
 States. 
 
 Of him it can justly be said he was the most successful 
 and valued governor of a Southern State during the Civil 
 War. But I do not believe North Carolinians for this 
 reason selected his statue for the Hall of Fame. 
 
 He was a great legislator, wise, thoughtful, tireless, 
 progressive, practical. If his public services had been 
 Umited to his legislative career he would rank among the 
 first. But I do not believe North Carolinians for this 
 reason selected his statue for the Hall of Fame. 
 
 He was a wonderful orator. With powerful logic he 
 could array facts in simple language, clear and convincing. 
 With a humor and a wit never equaled, he could delight 
 his audience, while he charmed them with his pathos and 
 won them with his logic. But I do not believe North 
 Carolinians for this reason selected his statue for the Hall 
 of Fame. 
 
 If I may name what I believe placed Zebulon B. Vance 
 above all others with his constituents, I would say it was 
 his intense, all-controlling, all-sustaining love for his State 
 and his people. He loved them with a great, imfailing 
 love. It was a love which imselfishly led him in his every 
 thought and act, which dominated his life, which was his 
 very life. There never was a moment when that love 
 failed to control and inspire him in their service or when 
 he would not willingly have died for his people and his 
 State. 
 
 North Carolinians knew how he loved them, and they 
 almost worshiped him in return. Great deeds make 
 great men, but a great, unselfish love for his people made 
 every act of the life of this wonderful man an act of loyal, 
 joyous service to the people of North Carolina and to his 
 fellow men. 
 
 He had faith in the power of love and rejoiced in the 
 service which it produced; and if he were here to speak 
 to-day, and were permitted to select from liis marv'elous 
 
52 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 record a tribute to his memory to account for the honor 
 which his constituents have given him, I believe he would 
 have us say, " His whole life was given to the service of his 
 people, he loved them so; he loved his fellow men." 
 
 The beautiful lines of Leigh Hunt suggest, but do not 
 adequately present, the love of this son of the old North 
 State: 
 
 ABOU BEN ADHEM AND THE ANGEL. 
 
 Abou Ben Adhem (may his tribe increase!) 
 
 Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace, 
 
 And saw, within the twilight in the room, 
 
 Making it rich, like a lily in bloom, 
 
 An angel writing in a book of gold. 
 
 Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold, 
 
 And to the presence in the room he said, 
 
 "What wTitest thou?" The vision raised its head, 
 
 And with a look made of all sweet accord 
 
 Answered, "The names of those who love the Lord." 
 
 "And is mine one?" said Abou. "Nay, not so," 
 
 Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low, 
 
 But cheerily still, and said, " I pray thee, then, 
 
 Write me as one who loves his fellow men. " 
 
 The angel wrote and vanished. The next night 
 
 It came again with a great wakening light, 
 
 And showed the names whom love of God had blest; 
 
 And lo! Ben Adhem 's name led all the rest! 
 
 MONDAY, JULY 31, 1916 
 
 A message from the House of Representatives, by J. C. 
 South, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had 
 passed the concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 24) accept- 
 ing from the State of North Carolina the statue of Zebulon 
 Baird Vance and tendering the thanks of Congress for 
 the contribution. 
 
 The message also announced that the House had passed 
 the concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 25) to authorize 
 the printing of the proceedings in Congress and in Statuary 
 Hall relative to the unveiling of the statue of Zebulon 
 Baird Vance. 
 
PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE 
 
 FRIDAY, JUNE 23, 1916 
 
 A message from the Senate, by Mr. Waldorf, one of its 
 clerks, announced that the Senate had passed the follow- 
 ing concurrent resolutions, in which the concurrence of 
 the House of Representatives was requested: 
 
 Senate concurrent resolution 24 
 
 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That the 
 statue of ZEBtTLON Baird Vance, presented by the State of North Carolina 
 to be placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States 
 and that the thanks of Congress be tendered to the State of North Carolina 
 for the contribution of the statue of one of its most eminent citizens, illus- 
 trious for the high purpose of his life and his distinguished services to the 
 State and Nation. 
 
 Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly 
 authenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of North Carolina. 
 
 Senate concurrent resolution 25 
 
 Resolved by the Senate {the House of Representatives concurring). That there 
 be printed and bound under the direction of the Joint Committee on Print- 
 ing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the proceedings at the un- 
 veiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue of Zebulon 
 Baird VanxE presented by the State of North Carolina, 16,500 copies, with 
 suitable illustration, of which 5,000 shall be for the use of the Senate and 
 10,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, and the remaining 1,500 
 copies shall be for the use and distribution of the Senators and Repre- 
 sentatives in Congress from the State of North Carolina. 
 
 Senate concurrent resolution 24 to the Committee on 
 the Library. 
 
 Senate concurrent resolution 25 to the Committee on 
 Printing. 
 
 TUESDAY, JULY 25, 1916 
 
 Mr. KiTCHiN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for 
 the present consideration of the resolution which I send 
 to the desk and ask to have read. 
 
 The Speaker. The gentleman from North Carolina 
 asks unanimous consent for the present consideration of 
 the resolution which the Clerk will report. 
 
 S3 
 
54 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 The Clerk read as follows : 
 
 Resolved, That exercises appropriate to tlie reception and acceptance 
 from the State of North Carolina of the statue of Zebulon Baird VanxE, 
 erected in Statuary Hall, in the Capitol, be made a special order for Satur- 
 day, July 29, 1916, not later than 3 o'clock p. m. 
 
 The Speaker. Is there objection to the present con- 
 sideration of the resolution ? 
 
 The question was taken, and the resolution was agreed 
 to. 
 
 SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1916 
 
 The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and was called to 
 order by the Clerk, Hon. South Trimble, who read the 
 
 following communication : 
 
 The Speaker's Rooms, 
 House of Representatives, 
 Washington, D. C, July 26, iQid. 
 Hon. South Trimble, 
 
 Clerk of the Hotise. 
 I hereby designate Hon. Charles M. Stedman, a Representative from 
 North Carolina, to preside in the House on Saturday, July 29. 
 
 Champ Clark. 
 
 jMr. Stedman took the chair as Speaker pro tempore 
 amid applause. 
 
 PRAYER BY REV. HENRY N. COUDEN, D. D. 
 
 Thou great Spirit, infinite in wisdom, power, and love, 
 our heavenly Father, help us to worship Thee in spirit aiid 
 in truth by a faithful, conscientious, and efficient service in 
 all the affairs of life, that we may leave in our wake a record 
 worthy of the talents Thou hast bestowed upon us, be they 
 few or many. The special order of the day proves the worth 
 of a noble life, a man of large parts, true to his convictions, 
 faithful as a public servant, still lives in the hearts of his 
 people. His statue placed in this Capitol will speak to 
 coming generations and inspire men to go and do likewise. 
 So may we live and pass on to the glory and honor of Thy 
 holy name. Amen. 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the 
 special order. 
 
Proceedings in the House 55 
 
 The Clerk read as follows: 
 
 House resolution 322 
 
 Resolved, That exercises appropriate to the reception and acceptance 
 from the State of Nortli Carolina of the statue of Zebulon Baird VancB, 
 erected in Statuary Hall, in the Capitol, be made a special order for Satiu"- 
 day, July 29, igi6, not later than 3 o'clock p. m. 
 
 Mr. KiTCHiN. Mr. Speaker, I send to the Clerk's desk 
 the following Senate concurrent resolution. 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the 
 resolution. 
 
 The Clerk read as follows : 
 
 « 
 
 Senate concurrent resolution 24 
 
 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That the 
 statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, presented by the State of North Carolina 
 to be placed in Statuary Hall, is accepted in the name of the United States, 
 and that the thanks of Congress be tendered to the vState of North Carolina 
 for the contribution of the statue of one of its most eminent citizens, illus- 
 trious for the high purpose of his life and his distinguished services to the 
 State and Nation. 
 
 Second. That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed and duly 
 authenticated, be transmitted to the governor of the State of North Carolina. 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. SMALL, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Small. Mr. Speaker, these exercises commemorate an 
 event of very great significance to the people of North Carolina 
 and of importance to the Nation. The State has for the first 
 time taken advantage of the opportunity to prepare and place 
 in Statuary Hall a bronze figure of one of her illustrious sons. 
 He was in many respects a distinguished, able, successful man, 
 a wise statesman, a faithful legislator, loyal to his people and to 
 his country. I shall not attempt to present any data bearing 
 uporf the biography of Zebulon Baird Vance, but will only 
 advert to a few phases in the life of that distinguished citizen. 
 
 I said that his was a successful life; and it was. But what 
 constitutes success? We may agree that heredity, normal 
 mental powers, training and education, environment, oppor- 
 tunity, character, persistence, and will power are prominent 
 factors. But there is no man so wise as to be able to look at a 
 young man just blooming into manhood and with safety prophesy 
 what his life will be, and at a younger and more tender age the 
 r61e of prophecy is even more difficult. The life of public service 
 is simply the life of the average citizen amplified and extended 
 by greater opportunities. The qualities which make for the 
 useful, serviceable life of the ordinary citizen to whom no 
 preferment has come must exist substantially in him who seeks 
 to serve in public station. 
 
 Zebulon Baird Vance had two distinct lines of public 
 service, executive and legislative. As executive of the State 
 of North Carolina, from his first election in 1862 to the close 
 of the Civil War, he has come to be recognized in history as 
 the great war governor, not alone entitled to this distinction 
 in his own State, but in all the States of the Confederacy through 
 those troublous and perilous years. His life as the chief execu- 
 tive of his Commonwealth stands out more resplendently, 
 filled more largely with service to his people and to the Con- 
 federacy than that of the governor of any of those States 
 during that period. There are said to have been several dis- 
 tinctive features of his term as governor. 
 56 
 
Address of Mr. Small, of North Carolina 57 
 
 The South during that time was lacking in food, munitions, 
 and clothing. Its manufacturing facilities were meager, its 
 agriculture was impaired, its sons in large degree, larger than 
 in the Union States, were at the front, and it became an impor- 
 tant question to secure the necessaries for the sustenance of 
 life and the prosecution of the war. It was he who maintained 
 a fleet of vessels, carrying cotton and other valuable products 
 of the South to the Continent of Europe, particularly to Great 
 Britain, and receiving in return clothing, munitions, and other 
 essentials. And until the Navy of the Union had formed 
 its cordon of blockade so tightly around the southern coast as 
 to make impossible the sailing of vessels from any of our ports 
 this fleet was maintained by him and was of inestimable benefit 
 in providing the necessities of North Carolina and of the Con- 
 federate Army. 
 
 There is another feature of those troublous times which we 
 like to recall. In time of war the necessity for miUtary law 
 must in large degree prevail, and yet from the time of his 
 election in 1862 until the surrender of Gen. Johnston's army 
 there was never a period in North Carolina when any one of 
 its citizens, no matter how humble, if his liberty was restrained 
 might not appeal to the courts of the State and have the cause 
 of his detention inquired into. The great writ of habeas corpus, 
 every day in the year was open to its citizens. 
 
 Vance, while aggressive, while loyal to the cause of the Con- 
 federacy, which his State had joined, was yet never malevolent, 
 nor did bitter passion or prejudice control his sense of charity 
 or becloud his intellect. While furnishing food to his own 
 citizens, he on more than one occasion appealed to the people 
 of North Carolina to divide their scanty allowance with Union 
 prisoners incarcerated at Salisbury and at other points within 
 the State. . In loyalty, in zeal, in the fine qualities which go 
 to make up the able administrator, in the finer qualities of the 
 heart which must distinguish the true man in every cause, 
 during this stormy period Vance was preeininent as a citizen 
 and distinguished as an executive. 
 
 He had large legislative experience. He served nearly four 
 years in this House prior to the Civil War, and he made friend- 
 ships here with gentlemen from other sections of the country; 
 and when they were divided by the stress of that fratricidal war, 
 when he was in prison at the end, many were the kind messages 
 
58 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 of sjrmpathy and generous acts which came from his old friends 
 of the North. They recalled and cherished the qualities of the 
 manly and courageous friend of ante-bellum days. 
 
 In 1878 he was called from the executive chair, having again 
 been elected governor of North Carolina in 1876, to a seat in 
 the Senate of the United States. He served there until his death 
 in April, 1894. Up to that time there were perhaps varying 
 opinions as to his ability. He had a gift of humor which many 
 regarded as an impediment to the highest legislative achieve- 
 ments, and full opportunity had not yet come to him to remove 
 the skepticism which existed in the minds of some as to his 
 mental strength and caliber. But those 16 years of service 
 in the Senate established his name for all time as the peer of 
 any who served in that body. Beck of Kentucky, Bate of Ten- 
 nessee, Hoar of Massachusetts, Chandler of New Hampshire, and 
 other eminent Senators, colleagues of his during that period, 
 both during his time of service and when they performed the 
 sad duty of expressing their estimate of him in the hour of 
 death, gave unstinted expression to their admiration of his 
 quaUties as a man, his abilities as a legislator, his patriotic life 
 of service to his country. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, what constitutes the highest type of the legisla- 
 tor ? In a democracy he must represent his constituency, and yet 
 not servilely, not to the extent of surrendering his conscience or 
 his intellectual integrity. He must be a leader, and yet not 
 lead with such independence of thought or action as to remove 
 him from the line of a representative of his people. There is a 
 happy medium between the two. Because a legislator some- 
 times goes contrary to what seems to be the current of public 
 sentiment among his constituency or the country it does not 
 mean that he is misrepresenting them. There are times when 
 a member of a legislative body must appeal from the current of 
 what seems to be public opinion to the intelligence, to the wis- 
 dom, to the patriotism, to the love of truth of those whom he 
 represents. I think that perhaps the study of no man who has 
 graced the Halls of Congress will more nearly typify the happy 
 combination of him who desires to be a true servant of the 
 people and at the same time preser\'e his mental integrity and 
 his sense of honor than did Zebulon B. Vance. 
 
 Vance was possessed of a rare gift of humor. It is not an 
 exaggeration to state that in all the history of North Carolina 
 
Address of Mr. Small, of North Carolina 59 
 
 the name of no man will parallel that of Vance. His humor 
 was not studied or forced. It was not the result of a retentive 
 memory. It flowed as naturally as the babbling brook, and was 
 just as sweet and as tender as the perfume of a flower; nothing 
 unkind, no thrust which wounded, but only that ineffable sen,se 
 of humor which enlivened the situation and confused an antago- 
 nist. I doubt if anyone, even those who remember him best, 
 can recall a single incident in which that divine sense of humor 
 of his ever left a wound. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, there is one other characteristic of Vance to 
 which I would like to advert. No man in public life can ever 
 achieve a lasting reputation who does not combine, with ability 
 and industry and patriotism, a love of his fellow men. As the 
 apostle said, " Faith, hope and charity, but the greatest of 
 these is charity." Reading as I have done to some extent the 
 history of the great Civil War upon both sides, I sometimes 
 have dwelt with astonishment on the history of Lincoln's 
 administration. There were men at that time who seemed to 
 tower above him in strength and in public estimation. 
 
 To recur at this time to the unkind expressions in the public 
 prints and upon the rostrum about this man of trials and of 
 sorrows brings wonder to us at this remote period. But 
 whose name to-day among those engaged in that great struggle 
 for the preservation of the Union stands more preeminent than 
 that of Lincoln? And the one quality by which that deserved 
 eminence has been achieved was the patient love and charity 
 which day after day was manifested by him in his dealings with 
 his fellows and in his attitude toward the States of the South, 
 whom he called the erring brothers, and to those who difi'ered 
 with him upon his own side in that titanic contest. Vance was 
 aggressive; he had the triumphant spirit; he loved personal 
 success. Yet there never was a day in his life when personal 
 success was to him of greater value than the good opinion and 
 the love of his fellow man. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, for all time to come, as the history of North 
 Carolina shall be written and rewritten, as her sons shall come 
 and go in the service of their community, their State, and their 
 country, with no disposition to exaggerate, I can say, in all 
 truth, that no name will shine brighter, no life will be a larger 
 inspiration, than that of Zebulon Baird Vance. [Applause.] 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. HOOD, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker : In response to legislative invitation by 
 act of Congress of July 2, 1864, the great State of North 
 Carolina contributes to the National Statuary Hall a 
 bronze statue of Zebulon B. Vance. 
 
 The people of North Carolina with one accord decided 
 that he was "illustrious for his historical renown and for 
 distinguished civil and military service " rendered to the 
 State and Nation, and deserved a niche in the Pantheon of 
 the Republic. Side by side with Washington, Lee, Web- 
 ster, Calhoun, Morton, Ingalls, Benton, Houston, and other 
 great statesmen and warriors of oiur land, the massive 
 figure of Zebulon B. Vance towers as an inspiration to 
 the thousands who, beholding it, studying the life and 
 character of this great North Carolinian, will be prompted 
 to greater service, higher ideals, and nobler Uving. 
 
 I shall not attempt to follow minutely the history of 
 the "Old North State's" statesman, lawyer, orator, 
 patriot, scholar, and friend, nor delineate with any degree 
 of elaboration his wonderful traits, splendid character- 
 istics, and unique personality. 
 
 Leave thee alone for a comparison. 
 
 I realize that it would be superfluous to do so, in view 
 of the fact that others have done this with marked pre- 
 cision and ability. 
 
 I simply desire, as one of a younger generation, to pay a 
 feeble tribute to his memory. Although of fine parentage, 
 he began life's struggle in an humble home under adverse 
 circumstances, his father having died when he was quite 
 young. Dinging the early years of his life he supported 
 a widowed mother, acquired an education, and with an 
 energy and determination that knew no defeat carv^ed his 
 way to fame. 
 60 
 
Address of Mr. Hood, of North Carolina 6i 
 
 After attaining an education through his individual 
 efforts and the sacrifices of his godly mother, in 1854, 
 soon after reaching his majority, he received his license 
 to practice law, locating in liis mountain home — Asheville. 
 
 "With new-fledged hope still fluttering in his breast" 
 he began his memorable career. 
 
 He was elected solicitor of the covmty court, State 
 legislator, twice to Congress, three times governor, and 
 four times as United States Senator. 
 
 In addition to the service rendered in civil life, upon the 
 breaking out of the Civil War he organized and was made 
 captain of the "Rough and Ready Guards," which com- 
 pany was called to the front immediately, and soon there- 
 after, on account of his gallant services in battle, he 
 was elected colonel of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina 
 Regiment. 
 
 With a public service of nearly a half centmy, in peace 
 and in war, he filled every position intrusted to him by 
 the people with fideUty, credit, and distinction. The 
 people loved to honor hifn ; they knew he was their friend. 
 He was idolized by all classes ; the rank and file felt that 
 he' never failed to use his best efforts for their interests 
 and welfare. 
 
 His hopes, aspirations, desires, and ambition seemed to 
 be to serve his coimtry well and faithfully. His heart 
 seemed to throb in harmony with that of the masses, and 
 he longed to do everything in his power for them at all 
 times and under any conditions. 
 
 Senator Blackburn made the following statement in his 
 eulogy of Senator Vance: 
 
 This man's character, Mr. President, is best illustrated by an instance 
 with which I became acquainted only within the last week and but for 
 which I would not have asked indulgence of the Senate to attest my love 
 to his memory. The general commanding the armies of this covmtry told 
 me less than a week ago that when the war ended he was left in command 
 of the district of North Carolina. He received an order peremptory from 
 the War Office here to arrest Gov. Vance, capture all his papers and cor- 
 respondence, and send them to the War Department. He said he knew full 
 well that Vance was not seeking to flee the country or avoid arrest, but 
 
62 Statue of Zehtdon Baird Vance 
 
 that he sent an officer up to his mountain home with instructions to capture 
 every paper that belonged to his official or his personal correspondence 
 and bring them there; and the officer did. 
 
 Gen. Schofield sent Gov. Vance, with those papers and records, here 
 to the then Secretary of War. We all remember that that was Penn- 
 sylvania's great war officer, Stanton, whom some people thought was not 
 mild, whom some thought was even savage, but who, in my judgment, 
 in point of efficiency and ability, was the greatest war minister that the 
 earth has known since the days of the elder Camot of France. 
 
 Gen. Schofield sent Gov. Vance here, and among those records he sent 
 the book which contained every particle of correspondence that Vance 
 had ever held with the President of the dead Confederacy. All was 
 open and Stanton examined it all. When he did and saw what this man 
 had done, how persistent his efforts had been to ameliorate the conditions 
 of Federal prisoners and to assuage the horrors of war, the great Secretary 
 said to him, "Upon your own record you stand acquitted; you are at lib- 
 erty to go where you will. " 
 
 [Applause.] 
 
 Thus you see that notwithstanding the sufferings of his 
 own people, under such trying conditions, he was always 
 ready and willing to relieve the suffering of Federal pris- 
 oners. This is an index to his true character. 
 
 I can not do better than embody as part of my re- 
 marks a portion of the magnificent address delivered by 
 Hon. Charles W. Tillett, of Charlotte, soon after the 
 death of Senator Vance, which is as follows: 
 
 Zeb Vance is dead! Soldier, statesman, patriot, friend! In war and 
 peace, the one of all her sons to whom his mother State looked most for 
 succor and relief; and can it be that in the days to come, when dreaded 
 dangers threaten all around, we nevermore can call for him, before whose 
 matchless powers in days gone by our enemies have quailed and fled? 
 
 Zeb Vance is dead! His was a name you could conjure with, and 
 ofttimes in the past, when this loved Commonwealth of ours has been 
 stirred to its inmost depths and men knew not which way to go nor what 
 to say, tlie cry was sounded forth that "Vance is coming," and from the 
 mountain fastnesses of the west and the everglades of the eastern plain the 
 people came who never would come forth to hear another living man, and 
 gathering around in countless multitudes they hung upon his every word 
 with eager eye and listening ear, and all he told them they believed because 
 "our Vance" had said it. 
 
 Zeb Vance is dead! And where shall come the man to tell tlic world 
 the soul-inspiring story of his hero life; how coming forth from humble 
 home he baffled and overcame the fates that would have crushed beneath 
 their feet a man of meaner mold ; how serving faithfully and well in every 
 trust committed unto him he soon won first place in tlie hearts of all his 
 
Address of Mr. Hood, of North Carolina 63 
 
 countrymen and held that place for threescore years unto the end; how 
 •when his native land was plunged in throes of civil strife he went forth in 
 the front ranks to defend and save her and fought with valor all her foes; 
 how called to rule as chief executive in times that tried men 's souls he ruled 
 so wisely and so well; how when the war was over and the cause was lost, 
 when down upon his bleeding, prostrate country came the hordes of vam- 
 pires from the North to suck the last remaining drops of life-blood from his 
 people, he rose with power almost divine and drove tliem back; and then 
 with gentle hand he caused the wounds to heal and his loved land to pros- 
 per once again as in the years gone by ; and how at last, when after years of 
 faithful, honest toil, upon his noble form was laid the icy hand of death, he 
 bowed his head in meek submission to His will and yielded up to God his 
 manly soul? Who can be found to sing the praise of such a one, and who 
 can speak the anguish of the people's hearts at his untimely death? 
 
 Zeb Vance is dead! He was the friend and tribune of the people. 
 Though he rose to place where he held converse with the great and mighty 
 of the earth, his sympathetic heart was open to all mankind, and his strong 
 arm was first stretched forth to lift the lowliest of the sons of men that 
 cried to him for help, and in the Nation's Senate halls his voice was ever 
 lifted up to plead the cause of the downtrodden and oppressed against the 
 favored classes and the money kings. 
 
 I believe, Mr. Speaker, that the sublimest, most beauti- 
 ftil and grandest of God's creation is that man who loves 
 his fellow man and observes the golden rule — 
 
 Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them. 
 
 Ever ready to minister to their wants and necessities, 
 dispelling the clouds of gloom and adversity, and spread- 
 ing sunshine, radiance, and happiness, such a man was 
 Zebulon B. Vance. 
 
 Thousands have been made happier, brighter, and bet- 
 ter as a result of his noble and god-like life. 
 
 He has builded a monument in the hearts of his country- 
 men greater than human skill can devise or human hands 
 construct. 
 
 The tender, affectionate memory of self-sacrifice and 
 glorious deeds done for friends and constituents will for- 
 ever linger as "an alabaster box of precious ointment." 
 
 So lives he still, in soul and heart. 
 Heroic and sublime. 
 
 [Applause J 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. POU, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker: It was very fine that the people of North 
 Carolina, through their Representatives, should decree the 
 placing of the statue of Zebulon B. Vance in Statuary 
 Hall with such unanimity. The State has given to the 
 world many great men, but of them all North Carolina, 
 his native State, said this son of mine by his life hath 
 earned a place in the Nation's Hall of Fame. 
 
 And as I look upon that stately form I am strong in 
 the faith that the virtues more than any others of the 
 many possessed b)' Senator Vance which influenced our 
 people to place his statue in this building were his rugged, 
 unquestioned honesty, and his deep-rooted love for his 
 people — the latter being the overruling passion of his life. 
 
 The whole world is always looking for the man who 
 loves every other man more than he does a dollar. Thank 
 God there are such men, and out of the agony of war poor, 
 stricken North Carolina found such a man, used him in 
 rebuilding her own crushed fortunes, and later on offered 
 him to the Nation. He left behind a glorious memory. 
 He did not live in vain. 
 
 His heart throbbed with love and sympathy to the very 
 end. There was no gloom in his philosophy, no sting in 
 his boundless humor, no offense in his remonstrance. He 
 looked at things with kindly eyes. He loved us all. He 
 felt keenly for the sorrows of his fellow man. All classes 
 of his beloved native State will long remember him with 
 tenderness and gratitude. He taught by his life the 
 beautiful gospel of humanity. No king, no conqueror, no 
 magistrate, no ruler ever bequeathed a fairer legacy to 
 his people. He made no schisms. He inspired no con- 
 flicts save in the cause of justice. He lit no fires of hate. 
 He despised money save when it made man happy. 
 64 
 
Address of Mr. Pou, of North Carolina 65 
 
 Aiid, Mr. Speaker, from the hour when he kneeled at 
 his mother's knee to his last hour upon this earth he fol- 
 lowed with unfaltering footsteps the shining star of Truth. 
 [Applause.] 
 
 Mr. Small took the chair as Speaker pro tempore. 
 
 60551°— 17— 5 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. STEDMAN, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker: The elevation of the hmnan race, its ad- 
 vancement physically, intellectually, and morally has 
 commanded the highest and most imselfish effort? of 
 heroic men and women in every age. It has long been 
 an estabhshed truth that the destiny of every individual 
 is controlled in a large degree by the ideals established in 
 their early days. The great ideals which the youth of 
 every land should strive to form, emulate, and cherish 
 are the highest standards of physical, intellectual, and 
 moral excellence in their respective spheres. To a marked 
 extent they are interdependent. It need not be said that 
 the last named far outweighs the former in its influence 
 upon the life of all. Wonderful is the effect of environ- 
 ment on ideals so created — of association, of scenery, of 
 paintings, of sculpture, of nature in all its wondrous and 
 varied charms, of forest, of stream, of moimtain, of ocean. 
 The history of the people of all times verifies the state- 
 ment that collectively and individually we reflect our 
 environment. 
 
 The Greek youth of old represented the highest type of 
 physical perfection the world has ever known. As the 
 boy grew into manhood he witnessed the Olympic games. 
 He rejoiced in the applause which greeted the victor. He 
 returned home with the supreme desire in his heart that 
 by rigid asceticism and tmceasing athletic practice he might 
 some day wear the crown of wild olive. 
 
 The child of Italy looks with rapture and delight upon 
 the golden splendor of its skies, wanders amidst the crea- 
 tions of art which everywhere adorn its public buildings, 
 and lies down at night to dream of the happy days when 
 his own work, chiseled in marble or painted upon canvas, 
 shall rival that of the great masters, which has led captive 
 his heart and his imagination. 
 
 66 
 
Address of Mr. Stedman, of North Carolina 67 
 
 But there is a force which fascinates and entrances the 
 minds of all, whether in the glory of youth, in the me- 
 ridian of manhood, or in the decline of age. It is more 
 impressive and lasting than the golden splendor of the 
 ocean when lighted up by the rays of the sun, than the 
 silent and majestic grandeur of the mountain, than the 
 most costly temple reared by the skill of man, than any 
 landscape arrayed in nature's most attractive garb. It is 
 a vision of a man who bears the temptations of victory 
 without seduction and the ordeal of suffering without dis- 
 may — a man set apart by Providence from the mass of 
 humanity, that by his exalted mental and moral endow- 
 ments he may stand forever as a mighty rock in the 
 ocean, as a beacon light through all ages. 
 
 Profoundly impressed with the importance of the in- 
 fluence which will be exerted upon the lives and fortunes 
 of the many thousand visitors who throng to tliis beautiful 
 and attractive Capitol, as well as upon the thoughts of 
 national legislators who assemble here; by the environ- 
 ment of exlialted thought and by reflection upon the great 
 qualities which elevate and adorn humanity, the Thirty- 
 eighth Congress of the United States diuing its first ses- 
 sion in 1 864 enacted a bill for the construction of Statuary 
 Hall and authorized the President — 
 
 to invite each and all of the States to provide and furnish statues, in marble 
 or bronze, not exceeding two in number from each State, of deceased per- 
 sons who have been citizens thereof and illustrious for their historic renown 
 or for distinguished civil or military services, such as each State shall de- 
 termine to be worthy of this national commemoration; and when so fxxr- 
 nished the same shall be placed in the old Hall of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives in the Capitol of the United States, which is hereby set apart, 
 or so much thereof as may be necessary, as a national Statuary Hall. 
 
 Gladly accepting tlie invitation thus extended, the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of North Carolina, during the year 1907, 
 adopted without a dissenting voice a resolution author- 
 izing the governor and council of state to place a statue 
 of Zebulon Baird Vance in Statuary Hall. The bill 
 was introduced by Hon. J. C. Buxton, senator from For- 
 syth Cotmty. No man or woman living in North Carolina 
 
68 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 doubts that above all others he is preeminently entitled 
 to this distinction. In pursuance of tliat resolution, Gov. 
 Craig, of North Carolina, appointed a commission to see 
 that in all respects the work was properly done. You will 
 know how faithfully and efficiently the commission has 
 discharged its duty when you look upon the splendid 
 bronze statue of North Carolina's illustrious and best- 
 beloved son, unveiled in Statuary Hall, and which it is 
 our grateful pleasmre to accept. 
 
 Statuary Hall was not constructed as a monument to 
 preserve the memory of the illustrious dead and nothing 
 more. It was intended as a shrine to be preserved under 
 the fostering care of the National Government to which 
 the youth of our land may come with ever-increasing num- 
 bers in the recmring years and gaze witli awe and deUght 
 upon the greatest and best citizens of the Republic and 
 learn from their lives the lesson of virtue in its broadest 
 sense and all that it implies. 
 
 To what better school for reflection could a young man 
 or woman be sent than to a great temple, where hung upon 
 its walls are the portraits and embedded in its niches are 
 the statues of those who by their virtues in private life 
 or their valor in war have brought renown and glory to 
 their native land ? 
 
 The traveler from distant lands who sojourns in London 
 will find his way to Trafalgar Square. His eyes will be 
 fixed upon the monument to the greatest naval hero the 
 world has ever known. He will hear the booming of 
 Nelson's cannon, as their echo reverberates from Tra- 
 falgar to the British Channel, telling the world that the 
 contest with Napoleon is not imequal so long as English 
 blood maintains the fight. But with that echo comes 
 the soimd of the admiral's trumpet, more distinct, forever 
 to linger in the memory of Nelson's countrymen — 
 "England expects every man to do his duty." And you 
 leave Trafalgar Square feeling and knowing that a supreme 
 sense of duty leads to lasting renown, which remains 
 unwithered when the garlands of military and naval 
 
Address of Mr. Stedman, of North Carolina 69 
 
 glory have faded forever. And you wander to Blenheim 
 Castle. Its walls are covered with the portraits of John 
 Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, and paintings of the mem- 
 orable fields upon which he won his glory and overthrew 
 the armies of Louis XIV, led by his greatest commanders. 
 And then you will think of the avarice and meanness of 
 the man whose statues surround you and whose face looks 
 down upon you, and all the memories of Blenheim and 
 Ramillies can not take the stain or the tarnish from the 
 marble and bronze. And your lieart tells you that the 
 love of money is incompatible with true greatness and 
 unselfish patriotism. 
 
 Perhaps from England you may cross the Channel and 
 go to the gay — I will not say the happy — capital of her 
 ancient and inveterate foe. You will seek the Mausoleum 
 of Napoleon. You will stand by the splendid sepulcher 
 which contains his ashes, brought from the island of St. 
 Helena to be deposited upon the banks of the Seine 
 amongst the people who witnessed his glory and his 
 crimes. With his image in your mind, you will traverse 
 the Italian plains, the valleys of the Danube and the 
 Rhine, stand by the banks of the Vistula, and linger upon 
 the shores of the Neimen. Lodi, Areola, Marengo, Aus- 
 terlitz, Wagram, Eylau, and Friedland crown him with 
 more than imperial splendor. You see his sun go down 
 in blood and gloom upon the field of Waterloo, but the 
 horizon of his life is still resplendent with the luster of his 
 unrivaled military achievements. A fair and beautiful 
 land drenched in blood and white with the bones of 
 youthful conscripts lies before you. Your spirit cries 
 aloud — 
 
 It is vanity of vanity: his whole life was vanity. 
 
 You joyfully turn to the monuments which everywhere 
 mark the landscape in your own land. You find your 
 way with eager step to its beautiful Capitol. You wander 
 to Statuary Hall. Your eyes rest upon the statues of the 
 mighty dead, the busts of Washington, of Jefferson, of 
 Lincoln, of R. H. Lee. 
 
yo Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 What a story of self-denial, of truth, of beauty, of valor, 
 of gentleness, of all the virtues which adorn and beautify 
 humanity their lives declare to you as you stand before 
 them, whether their images and features be portrayed by 
 the painter's canvas or the sculptor's art. 
 
 The bronze image of Vance is before you, selected by 
 his grateful State as worthy of the resting place where the 
 great and good of our Republic sleep. 
 
 When you look upon his statue will you simply con- 
 template the features and say that the work is well done 
 and that the figure upon the pedestal was worthy of being 
 so perpetuated and then pass on ? Are you satisfied alone 
 with the grandeur which lights up his manly face? Not 
 at all. His whole character comes in review before you 
 and fastens itself indelibly upon your mind. 
 
 This is an occasion intended rather to signify our accept- 
 ance of his statue, one worthy of the sculptor's highest 
 art, which has been recently unveiled in Statuary Hall, 
 than to give a biographical sketch of his life. I will not 
 speak of the early days of his boyhood, so prophetic of the 
 splendor of his future career, of those elements of his 
 character creating a personality which charmed and 
 delighted all whose good fortune it was to meet him, 
 which made him the center of attraction alike in the abodes 
 of the poor and the humble as well as in the mansions of 
 the rich and powerful, of his ready and unfailing wit, 
 of his tender sympathies, of his unselfish charities, of his 
 deeds of kindness extended to all in distress when, the 
 opportunity came to him to assist them. 
 
 Years ago, on the 23d of April, 1895, a few months after 
 his death, which occurred on the 14th of April, 1894, 
 many eulogies were delivered commemorative of his life, 
 of his attractive personality, of his splendid achievements, 
 now and for all time to come the pride and glory of North 
 Carolina. 
 
 But as monuments should not only be the images of 
 those whom they represent but are intended also to call 
 
Address of Mr. Stedman, of North Carolina 71 
 
 the attention of posterity to their leading characteristics, 
 by which they were enabled to be of service to all human- 
 ity as well as to their own country, it is proper and ap- 
 propriate to mention to-day, briefly at least, some of those 
 great qualities possessed by him which are ever essential 
 to glorious achievements. 
 
 His life was picturesque, eventful, and elevating. The 
 beauty and grandeur of nature in the region where he was 
 bom and reared gave a majestic character to his thoughts. 
 
 A supreme love of truth, a lofty and generous patriotism, 
 a forgetfulness of self, moral courage, personal fearlessness, 
 absolute sincerity in word, in thought, and in deed; these, 
 with an intense love of humanity, constituted the basis of 
 his character, which will ever be resplendent in the galaxy 
 of great names which America has furnished to the world. 
 
 Nature had endowed him with a rare and wonderful gift 
 of eloquence, the power of which seldom failed to carry 
 every audience by storm and enabled him to impress his 
 hearers with the truth of his own convictions. The effect 
 of his oratory can be best illustrated by a most remarkable 
 incident occiuring during the Civil War. 
 
 The time for which the Twenty-sixth North Carolina 
 Regiment had enlisted — one year — ^had expired. He was 
 the first colonel of that famous regiment, whose name will 
 gild with splendor the pages of history so long as the 
 world loves endming courage and patriotic heroism. 
 
 The men were packing their knapsacks and preparing 
 for their journey home. They were singing gay songs of 
 happiness in anticipation of meeting again those so near 
 to their hearts. The fathers of many of the young soldiers 
 had arrived at camp to accompany them. 
 
 Vance ordered the drum to be soimded and calling the 
 men together addressed them. He luged them to reenUst, 
 to protect the honor and glory of North Carolina. The 
 sweet and happy memories of their homes faded from 
 their vision as he appealed to their supreme sense of 
 duty in an effort, pronounced by those who heard it, to 
 
72 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 be unequaled and unrivaled. Every man in the regiment 
 reenlisted as they cheered for Vance, and then sang in 
 full chorus "The Old North State forever." 
 
 His military career was full of honor and glory, but was 
 of brief duration. He raised a company in Buncombe 
 Coimty, N. C. — the Rough and Ready Guards — which was 
 organized on the 4th of May, 1861, with Vance as captain. 
 This company was placed in the Fovirteenth Regiment of 
 North Carolina troops. In the fall of 1861 he was elected 
 colonel of the Twenty-sixth Regiment. 
 
 On the 14th of March, 1862, the battle of Newbem was 
 fought. He greatly distinguished himself by his coolness, 
 skill, and utter indifference to danger. Soon thereafter 
 his regiment was ordered to Virginia, and was actively 
 engaged in the seven days' fight around Richmond. 
 
 At Malvern Hill, on July 3, 1862, he attracted the 
 admiration of all who witnessed liis splendid conduct. 
 
 In August, 1862, he was elected governor of North 
 Carolina. He did not seek the office and did not desire it. 
 He declared publicly that the only honor he coveted was 
 to lead the brave men intrusted to his command. In 
 obedience to their wishes and the recognized preference of 
 the people of North Carolina for him, above all others, to 
 conduct the affairs of the State, he yielded, and in its 
 hour of peril was inaugurated on the 8th of September, 
 1862. 
 
 There has been no period of time in the history of the 
 State when its people were so beleaguered with obstacles 
 which threatened the destruction of their aspirations and 
 hopes, and of all that was dear to their hearts, than during 
 his administration. 
 
 Sustained by his unselfish and devoted love, their efforts, 
 directed by his consummate ability, their fortitude and 
 unconquerable spirit triumphed over every misfortune, 
 and they emerged from the chaos of ruin encircled with a 
 halo of renown which shall live untarnished and undimmed 
 through all the years to come. [Applause.] 
 
Address of Mr. Stedman, of North Carolina 73 
 
 His administration was illustrious for its many achieve- 
 ments which commanded the admiration of men in those 
 perilous days; but its crowning glory, in the estimation 
 of all, whether friends to the cause of the Union or adher- 
 ents of the Southern Confederacy, was the untiring care, 
 the provident wisdom, and unstinted labor given to pro- 
 vide every possible comfort for North Carolina soldiers 
 and their helpless wives and children. To this object 
 above all others Gov. Vance devoted the best energies 
 of a great and active mind. 
 
 Of the success of his efforts I will not speak to-day, as 
 recently, upon another occasion, I have referred to it at 
 length in an address delivered at a Confederate camp in 
 this city. Suffice it to say that, under his administration 
 and due to his foresight, North Carolina not only clothed 
 her own troops dirring the entire war but furnished cloth- 
 ing for troops from other States, and that for many months 
 previous to Gen. Lee's surrender the Army of Northern 
 Virginia had been almost entirely furnished with food 
 from North Carolina. 
 
 It is a truth questioned by none that no troops in any 
 corps of the Confederate Army were more thoroughly 
 equipped and provided for in every way necessary to their 
 efficiency and comfort, both as to arms, food, and cloth- 
 ing, than were the soldiers from North Carolina. 
 
 For their helpless wives and children he caused to be 
 established depots of provisions for their subsistence, and 
 appointed committees to see that they were not neglected. 
 With him it was a labor of love and enthusiasm, to which 
 he gave unceasing personal attention. 
 
 He was devotedly attached to the Union and exerted 
 himself to prevent its dissolution. He was opposed to 
 secession until the proclamation of President Lincoln call- 
 ing for troops to coerce the Southern States left him no 
 choice. The destiny of North Carolina was his destiny. 
 When once the loyalty of North Carolina was pledged to 
 her sister States of the South, his loyalty was unalterably 
 Hnked with hers. 
 
74 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 As governor of the State he manifested an especial 
 pride in the high morale of North Carolina troops. He 
 made many visits to them. 
 
 No period of his eventful life was marked by an inci- 
 dent more attractive by its glamor of romance and patri- 
 otic heroism than his visit to the North Carolina troops in 
 Lee's army in March, 1864. This interesting episode in 
 his wonderful career has been often alluded to and was 
 mentioned in an address delivered by Mr. Woodward, of 
 North Carolma, in this House when he paid a tribute to 
 his memory in recognition of his illustrious services to his 
 State and otur Republic. The North Carolina troops 
 whom he visited comprised 13 brigades, aggregating 
 more than one-half of the army. They were encamped 
 along the bank of the Rapidan River. Gen. Lee, with 
 members of his staff, captivated by the eloquence of 
 Vance and the lofty sentiments to which he gave ex- 
 pression, accompanied him from brigade to brigade. 
 The enthusiasm of the soldiers knew no bounds. It was 
 the prelude to the campaign which soon thereafter com- 
 menced, in which they won imperishable renown. His 
 last speech was made at a general review of Lee's army 
 near Orange Com-t House. It was ordered by that great 
 commander as a special compliment to V.^NCE, an honor 
 bestowed upon none other in all its history. 
 
 No orator in all the annals of time ever had an audience 
 whose presence was more calculated to inspire heroic sen- 
 timent and high resolve. It was the remnant of the 
 Army of Northern Virginia. Upon its banners were names 
 which will long live during the ages to come — Manassas, 
 Chancellorsville, Sharpsbtng, Fredericksburg, Gettysbiu-g. 
 The greatest commander of the English-speaking race 
 was beside him. Stonewall Jackson had gone to his final 
 rest. Pettigrew had joined him in immortality. But 
 A. P. Hill and D. H. Hill, Longstreet, and Ewell, Early, 
 and Gordon were before him. They forgot the fields of 
 their glory as they listened to him. J. E. B. Stuart was 
 
Address of Mr. Stedman, of North Carolina 75 
 
 there and never so happy, unless at the head of a cavabry 
 charge. Hoke of North Carolina, who had established 
 his reputation forever as one of the foremost of all the 
 great soldiers of the Civil War, gazed upon him with 
 mingled pride and affection. 
 
 He knew him and loved him. M. W. Ransom — illus- 
 trious in war and in peace — whose fame spans the Ameri- 
 can continent, and whose statue should stand beside that 
 of Vance, shared the exultation of Hoke; Pegram of Vir- 
 ginia, and Haskell of South Carolina, those unrivaled 
 artillery officers who had discarded the ancient method of 
 artillery fighting and carried their guns to the front line 
 of battle, leaned forward to catch his every utterance. 
 History has no more splendid scene to record. 
 
 Another marked feature of his administration was the 
 maintenance of the supremacy of the civil authority of 
 the State against the military power of the Confederate 
 Government, although he had equipped and sent to the 
 field from North Carolina more troops, according to its 
 military population, than were sent from any other State. 
 
 He issued an order dated the 26th of May, 1863, com- 
 manding the militia force of the State to resist the arrest 
 of any citizens of the State who had been discharged by 
 writ of habeas corpus tried by any judge of the superior 
 or supreme court of the State. 
 
 He ever kept steadily in view the principles of liberty 
 and the rights of its citizens as interpreted by our fathers. 
 He won the fight and achieved for North Carolina the 
 honor of maintaining the privilege of the great writ of 
 liberty in the midst of the strife of millions of people. A 
 memorable triumph, which came to no other State either 
 of the United States or Confederate States, with perhaps 
 one exception. 
 
 Nor will posterity forget the spirit of humanity ever 
 manifested by him when, as governor of North Carolina, 
 he rose superior to every environment amidst the horrors 
 of war. 
 
76 Statue of Zebtiion Baird Vance 
 
 His efforts to relieve the necessities of the Union prison- 
 ers held in the military prison at Sahsbury, N. C, will 
 attract the admiration of the brave and generous from 
 every civilized land. 
 
 Although the people of North Carolina were making a 
 supreme effort to provide for their own soldiers and their 
 wives and children left at home, at his request they gave 
 ungrudgingly to the Federal prisoners a portion of their 
 provisions, in many instances depriving themselves of 
 needed comforts. [Applause.] 
 
 Union soldiers were fed from the homes of men who were 
 sleeping upon the fields of northern Virginia, following the 
 banner of Robert E. Lee. 
 
 "When the full truth of the conditions existing in the 
 prison at Salisbury, made inevitable by the Civil War 
 raging at the time, shall be known to the world, as well 
 as the unselfish conduct of the people of North Carolina, 
 prompted in their labor of charity and humanity by the 
 greatest of all her sons in that era of heroic names, addi- 
 tional luster will be given to the name of a State already 
 illumined by the achievements of her children on the 
 battle field. 
 
 The ties which bind together every section of our coun- 
 try will be made stronger and more enduring. The de- 
 scendants of both Union soldiers and Confederate soldiers, 
 as they rejoice together over the glory of our rexmited 
 coumtry, will rise up and with one acclaim bless the name 
 of Zebulon B. Vance, of North Carolina. 
 
 Early in life he was intrusted with high office. He was 
 equal to any responsibility cast upon him. He possessed 
 the true elements of greatness which ever lead to lasting 
 renown. 
 
 Few men in public life have ever filled the positions of 
 honor and trust for which they have been chosen with so 
 much credit to themselves and honor to those whom they 
 represented. 
 
Address of Mr. Stedman, of North Carolina 77 
 
 He was three times elected governor of North Carohna. 
 twice elected to the House of Representatives of the 
 United States, and four times elected to the Senate of the 
 
 United States. . 
 
 He was one of the greatest debaters who ever appeared 
 upon the floor of that body. His speeches showed pro- 
 found thought, patriotic sentiment, lofty eloquence, and 
 rare wit They attracted the attention of the entire 
 country. He commanded the respect, admiration, and 
 affection of his associates, regardless of party ties. 
 
 The attachment of all classes of citizens of North Caro- 
 lina for him has been without a parallel in the history of 
 
 ^^Unl^e many great men, he never experienced the fickle 
 tenure of popular applause nor the ingratitude of those 
 whom he had both served and honored. 
 
 Unlike Scipio Africanus, the conqueror of Carthage, who 
 died an exile from home and whose remains rested on a 
 foreign shore, he was buried amidst the people he loved so 
 well by the banks of the French Broad River, the melody 
 of whose rippling, laughing waters gave to the happy 
 dreams of his boyhood that joy and delight which neither 
 eold nor place nor power can buy. [Applause.] 
 
 Unlike Themistocles, the savior of Athens, who sought 
 refuge at the court of an alien kmg. he never desired, 
 sought, or needed an appeal from the arbitrament of his 
 
 own countrymen. ... i 
 
 To-day his memory is treasured with the same love 
 which went out to him when in the full meridian and 
 
 splendor of his fame. ^t. • ^• 
 
 He died in the triumph and faith of the Chnstian 
 reUgion and left a name without blemish and without 
 reproach-a heritage of honor to his descendants, to his 
 State, and to our common country. , . ^ c, ^ 
 
 May the high and patriotic mission for which Statuary 
 HaU was designed by its founders be fulfilled. 
 
78 Statue of Zebtdon Baird Vance 
 
 Let it be made a living fountain of life and truth for 
 all those who are inspired by example. 
 
 May it send out with ever-increasing volume and power 
 a stream of high, pure, lofty, and patriotic thought to 
 bless our entire land. 
 
 May the lovers of innocent pleasure as well as the 
 lovers of truth and art assemble there together — fair 
 women and brave men, scholars and philosophers, me- 
 chanics and lawyers, farmers and statesmen from every 
 section of the Republic. 
 
 May they realize that it is moral grandeur alone which 
 can permanently enchain the attention of mankind. 
 
 They will not fail to halt their steps before the splendid 
 image of the illustrious North Carolinian. They will 
 linger long over the entrancing story of his life. His 
 simple habits, his absolute scorn fpr the vulgar love of 
 money, his self-abnegation, his supreme devotion to the 
 welfare and glory of his country will be fastened indelibly 
 upon their minds. They will carry with them these 
 thoughts and will be better citizens if they are worthy 
 to stand in the hall where heroes sleep. 
 
 Fortunate is the nation and exalted will be its destiny 
 which can furnish to the world such a model for emula- 
 tion as portrayed in the character and life of Zebulon 
 B. Vance. 
 
 His name and fame belong not to North Carolina alone 
 but are the common property of the American people, 
 and will be preserved by them in their pristine splendor 
 when the bronze statue which we have accepted has per- 
 ished by decay and crumbled iato dust. [Loud applause.] 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. BRITT, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker: I come to pay tribute to one with whom 
 I did not politically agree, but in whose life and character 
 I feel a pride not excelled by any man, here or elsewhere. 
 
 Twenty -five years ago, in this Capitol, I first met 
 ZEBUI.ON Baird Vance. I saw him occasionally there- 
 after imtil his death, April 14, 1894. He impressed me 
 as have but few men. He was strong in body, towering 
 in intellect, rich in humor, and eloquent in speech. 
 
 In my district, near the city of Asheville, at the foot 
 of the great motmtain, his eyes first saw the light; on the 
 slope of beautiful Riverside, overlooking the winding 
 French Broad, his cherished dust reposes, and from the 
 heart of Asheville there rises a granite shaft, tall and 
 majestic, to tell to the passer-by the story of the people's 
 love for him, while hard by are the scenes of his early 
 struggles, his rising hopes, and his unfolding aspirations. 
 It was here that he became the brilliant lawyer, the 
 influential State legislator, the great Representative in 
 Congress, and first took captive the hearts of the people. 
 
 He came of a powerful lineage. His ancestors were 
 
 makers of history. Through the sturdy Irish he went 
 
 back to the hardy Norman. In his blood there were 
 
 touches of many noble strains. This it was that gave 
 
 him his marvelous versatility. For he could speak with 
 
 a logic that convinced, with an eloquence that charmed, 
 
 and with a statement of fact that left no denial. And 
 
 he could play all the manifold chords of the human 
 
 heart. There was the humor that provoked an vmcon- 
 
 scious smile, the joke that brought peals of laughter, 
 
 the sarcasm that left anger, the wit that sparkled, and the 
 
 pathos that touched the fountain of tears. 
 
 79 
 
8o Statue of Zebvlon Baird Vance 
 
 From yonder Senate gallery I have looked down upon 
 him engaged in gladiatorial debate. It was a scene not 
 to be forgotten. Like a great master he held the stage. 
 The subject was war, reconstruction, or the tariff. The 
 Chamber and galleries were filled. There was the eager 
 listening, the tense look, the pervasive interest. Such as 
 could agree, shouted; such as could not, admired. His 
 opponents were Allison and Ingalls, Morton and Sherman, 
 Hoar and Morrill. And they were giants worthy of his 
 steel. Whether a blow of the bludgeon, a tlirust of the 
 rapier, or a sweep of the broadsword, he knew when and 
 where to strike. But he took no mean advantage. He 
 fought an honorable fight. He observed the rules of fair 
 debate. But he gave no quarter and asked none. He was 
 a master polemic . Asa speaker he has rarely been excelled . 
 
 He possessed the great quahties of popular leadership. 
 He knew the way to the hearts of the people. He sounded 
 their depths, interpreted their feelings, took their part, 
 and sympathized with their wants; and they showered 
 him with the rich plenitude of their affection. In calling 
 their sons by his name, in telling again his stories, they 
 pay their unconscious tribute to a great friend. If I could 
 bring to this Capitol the hearts of the people of my section, 
 the generous affections of those who followed him from 
 childhood to greatness, there would be poured out at yon- 
 der bronzen image a wealth of love, deep as the fountain of 
 the human heart and sweet as ever embalmed a Pantheon 
 shrine. 
 
 The great and distinguishing quality of Vance's char- 
 acter was his superb humanity. He was intensely human. 
 He was only a man, and he knew it. He was not a saint, 
 and did not affect to be. To him this was a plain, work- 
 aday world, filled with good and bad, joy and sorrow, 
 hope and fear. He believed in the essential virtues. 
 He had no patience with shams and pretenses. With 
 him life was an open book. His heart was always open, his 
 words frank, and his manner firm. But he was warm and 
 
Address of Mr. Britt, of North Carolina 8i 
 
 responsive. His handclasp was magnetic. No one ever 
 forgot its thrill. His voice was deep and rich and full 
 of charm. His stories were fresh, original, and telling. 
 His humor was easy, natural, and unstudied, but deUcious 
 and wholesome. His story was always just the story for 
 that time and place. 
 
 I shall never forget the day the news of his death came. 
 I was at a distant place in the country. The news had in 
 some way reached the community. Two plain men called 
 to tell me the sad intelligence. One of them, a great stout 
 man, broke down and cried like a child. The other, with 
 a pale face, repeated several times the words, "Our great 
 friend is gone." You see how he had swept the hearts of 
 the plain people. He was of them, with them, and al- 
 ways for them. 
 
 We do not understand the laws that fix the different 
 orders of men. Thinking as babes, we can not see how one 
 man can be so far above or below another. Children of 
 the same Father, nourished by the same earth-mother, 
 living under the same kindly heavens, our statures ought 
 not to be so imequal. Yet it is not so. Like the stars, we 
 differ one from another. Some of us come and go, leaving 
 no trace of our hurried stay. Others, a little stronger and 
 a trifle wiser, linger for a while only to go and be forgotten. 
 But some there are that move so powerfully among the 
 forces of the world and the affairs of men that they abide 
 through the generations. Vance is one of these. 
 
 His name is an institution in North Carolina. He has 
 touched every phase of our life. His achievements are our 
 inspiration. We trusted him, we honored him. We gave 
 him the best we had. He was a county attorney, a mem- 
 ber of the general assembly, twice a Representative in 
 Congress, a captain and a colonel in the Confederate 
 Army, three times governor of the State, and four times a 
 United States Senator. All these he filled with the high- 
 est fidelity. He did more than this. He led the people 
 upward and onward. 
 
 68551°— 17 6 
 
82 Statv£ of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 He impressed upon them a great and towering per- 
 sonality. He quickened their lives, steadied their course, 
 and guided their progress. He moved them by moral 
 force and intellectual greatness. Our State will prob- 
 ably not again see his like, but there is left to us the 
 priceless example of his great life and character and the 
 splendor of his glorious achievements. 
 
 There is no night ; the stars go down 
 
 To rise upon some other shore; 
 And bright in Heaven 's jeweled crown 
 
 They shine forevermore. 
 
 [Applause.] 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. DOUGHTON, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker: Others, by reason of a personal acquaint- 
 ance and intimate association with the late Senator A^^ance, 
 have been far better fitted than I to pay tribute to his 
 memory, and it would seem that all that can be said now 
 must be repetition. But the beautiful story of the life and 
 character of North Carolina's most beloved son and his 
 noble and unselfish service to his State and the Nation can 
 not be told too often, and never may be told so fully as his 
 wonderful career justifies. His life has been and ever will 
 be a source of pride and inspiration to every patriotic 
 citizen of North Carolina and a favored topic around the 
 firesides from the moimtains to the sea. Countless will be 
 the patriots of that State whose hearts will swell with pride 
 when they look upon this statue which our State has so 
 appropriately presented to our country, and which stands 
 among those of the Nation's great men, none of whom was 
 the superior of our Vance. It is the first statue of a North 
 Carolinian to be thus placed in this Hall of Fame of the 
 National Capitol, and it represents our State nobly, for he 
 interpreted and exemplified by his life the true spirit, 
 patriotism, and worth of our people. 
 
 When a great man dies, one whose greatness has come 
 through genuine servace to his country, the Nation 
 mourns and its sorrow is deep and solemn. But there is 
 always a circle where this sorrow goes far beyond the deep 
 and solemn sorrow of a nation. It is the sorrow that 
 wrings the heart and brings bitter tears from those who 
 knew him as he was, his faults as well as his virtues, 
 those who feel a great personal loss at his taking away. 
 From the number of people who thus mourn on such an 
 occasion we may judge the esteem in which a great man 
 is held. 
 
 When on the 14th day of April, 1894, Senator Zebulon 
 B. Vance breathed his last in Washington City and the 
 
 83 
 
84 Stattie of Zebidon Baird Vance 
 
 sad news was flashed back to the State and passed sol- 
 emnly from town to town and from home to home, the 
 sorrow of our people was keener and more general than 
 was ever evidenced in the State before. In many places 
 strong men wept as children, unashamed, and as the 
 funeral train passed through the State on its way to liis 
 mountain home, the land of his birth, great sorrow was 
 manifest at every place where the train halted. In the 
 towns where the people gathered to pay tribute, the most 
 eloquent and touching that have yet been uttered, such 
 sorrow was evidenced as never before and may never be 
 again. It was so all over the State, for he was known and 
 loved by a greater percentage of its population than any 
 other man, and none who ever saw him failed to remember 
 and admire him, for his masterful personality at once 
 grasped and forever held the people. 
 
 May we know the cause of this universal sorrow ? We 
 can account for the solemn sorrow that pervades the Na- 
 tion when such a man is called away, but why does the 
 stalwart, brave-souled veteran who has faced death on 
 many battle fields weep when he is told that " Zeb Vance 
 is dead " ? 
 
 If we can answer truly, we have the secret of the great- 
 ness of this truly great man. Vance had rendered to 
 every man, woman, and child in liis State a personal serv- 
 ice. Did not the sturdy hero of many bloody battles know 
 that his wife and little children had been kept from grim 
 want during the terrible days of war by the great Gov. 
 Vance? Did not he remember that when he was held 
 fast in the relentless grasp of that awful struggle and 
 suffering agonies, not because of his own condition or the 
 fear of death but because a dependent wife and children 
 whom he had sworn to protect were starving and he was 
 helpless to prevent it, that the glad news came to camp 
 that Vance had found a way to feed and clothe them? 
 What greater service could one render under such cir- 
 cumstances than to find a way under such difficulties to 
 
Address of Mr. DoTighton, of North Carolina 85 
 
 perform the first great duty of a father — to keep the wolf 
 from the door ? This service Vance performed for every 
 patriotic son of North Carolina who followed Lee and Jack- 
 son and Johnston and brought glory to southern arms. 
 Against what difficulties this service was performed his- 
 tory may some time tell. Thus he bound the people to 
 him inseparably, and in turn they loved and honored him 
 and gave him prestige and power, and when he died they 
 knew that as a people their best friend was gone. 
 
 Ten years after the war had closed Vance was again 
 called to be governor of his State. He had guided its 
 destinies through the dark and stormy night of a terri- 
 ble war, and by his unselfish and patriotic devotion to 
 the cause of the people had made his name famous and 
 his memory forever cherished. Now, another burden 
 was pressing down upon his people. They had tried for 
 10 years to bear this burden in their great desire for 
 peace and righteousness after they had fought so val- 
 iantly for a lost cause, but their patience was rewarded 
 only by cruelty and oppression. The hand of the tyrant 
 was clutching at their throats and the demon of anarchy 
 was entrenching himself around their homes. The proud 
 head of southern chivalry was bowed low before the un- 
 earned power of a horde of vampires, the slum of north- 
 em society, that had swooped down on the vanquished 
 South like vultures following the trail of an army. 
 Heathen ignorance had been exalted to power by the in- 
 cidents of war and was incited to deeds of atrocity too 
 terrible to relate. Thus it became necessary for the 
 South to fight again, to fight a great battle of peace. 
 She fought and won. Though she had been crushed in 
 war, she could bear it because honors won would com- 
 pensate; but now it seemed she would forever be put to 
 shame by a cruel hand that could feel no sympathy for 
 her suffering. The germ of civilization and liberty was 
 smoldering in the ruins of a vanquished land, and a great 
 spirit must come to fan it into flame — a flame of emanci- 
 
86 Statue of Zebtdon Baird Vance 
 
 pation of the dominant race of the South and of the world. 
 A great victory must be won, not with sword and saber, 
 not in the spiUing of blood, but by sheer force of courage 
 and intelligence directed against the arrogant power of 
 anarchy, ignorance, and prejudice. This required leader- 
 ship, wisdom, patience, and statesmanship of the highest 
 order. Fortunately such men still lived in the South, 
 and in North Carolina Vance heard the call and re- 
 sponded. 
 
 The gubernatorial campaign of 1876 will ever be re- 
 membered as a vital part of the State's history. Vance 
 was opposed by Judge Settle, a man of high character 
 and exceptional abihty, but lacking in the traits of lead- 
 ership that characterized his opponent. A sweeping joint 
 campaign was made of the entire State, and notwithstand- 
 ing the opposite party had been in complete control of 
 every branch of both the National and State Govern- 
 ments since the war, Vance was elected by a large ma- 
 jority. Thus his people called him to render the second 
 great service to his State, to emancipate them from a 
 political bondage. 
 
 Previous to this he had been elected to the United 
 States Senate, but was denied his seat, though he was 
 elected again in 1879 and admitted. His career as a 
 Senator was a fitting climax to his great services to his 
 State and the Nation. He at once took rank among 
 the foremost orators and statesmen of the time, and his 
 work was marked for close study and untiring industry, 
 which undoubtedly hastened his death. His last gxeat 
 speech in the Senate, delivered during the famous debate 
 on the repeal of the Sherman law, and which is considered 
 by many as the ablest defense of bimetalism ever pre- 
 sented, so completely exhausted him tliat he never was 
 able to enter the Senate Chamber again. His utterances 
 were classic, and he was authority on the subjects he 
 investigated, and he was the leader of his party in tlie 
 Senate on the important questions of the tariff and 
 finance for several years prior to his deatli. 
 
Address of Mr. Doughton, of North Carolina 87 
 
 In conclusion, I wish to speak briefly of another great 
 service Vance rendered to the country at this time. 
 When he entered the Senate prejudice was still rife both 
 in the North and in the South, though it was slowly 
 waning. But it was evident that bitterness and mis- 
 understanding must obtain for generations if a better 
 tmderstanding were not brought about. Even though 
 the issues had been settled so far as the sword can settle 
 issues, there remained the bitterness of sectional feeling. 
 Of the few southern men of the day who were able to 
 bring to the North the true spirit of the South, Zebulon B. 
 Vance, of North Carolina, and Henry W. Grady, of 
 Georgia, stand out as shining lights. Grady showed the 
 North that the spirit of I^ee's army, which they had 
 learned to respect in battle, was the spirit that still lived 
 in the South, and that when these brave men laid down 
 their arms to Grant at Appomattox the war was forever 
 over so far as the true South was concerned. Vance 
 by his good-natured humor, sound logic, and magic 
 personality, and abundant knowledge of political history 
 showed the intelligent audiences of New York and Boston 
 that if "secession and slavery" were crimes, they must- 
 have been none the less crimes when advocated in Hart- 
 ford and Boston — and they applauded him when he told 
 them these things. 
 
 Before the unanswerable appeals of Vance and Grady 
 the wall of sectional prejudice melted away like a mist 
 before the morning sun, and they were glad to carry a 
 message back to the South, for they saw that the North 
 and the South would soon clasp hands over the graves 
 of the noble men of the "Blue and the Gray" who died 
 that we as a Nation might live and imderstand. 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. WEBB, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker : The concurrent resolution now before this 
 House that the statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, which 
 has been placed in Statuary Hall by the State of North 
 Carolina, be accepted by us in the name of the National 
 Government, and that the thanks of Congress be tendered 
 to the State of North Carolina for her contribution to this 
 Hall of Fame, will be adopted, like those offered on the 
 1 6th day of April, 1894, at the time of his death, without 
 a dissenting voice. 
 
 You are all familiar with the history of Statuary Hall, 
 and how, in 1869, when it was no longer needed as a meet- 
 ing place for the House of Representatives, on account of 
 the Capitol having been enlarged and the present Hall, 
 where we are now meeting, provided, it was set apart as a 
 sacred spot, hallowed by the many historical events that 
 had transpired within its walls during the eventful years 
 that it had been used as the meeting place of this House, 
 in which each State was in\'ited to place statues in marble 
 or bronze of not exceeding two of her illustrious deceased 
 who had become illustrious on account of their heroic 
 renown or because of distinguished civil or military 
 services. 
 
 North Carolina has had many illustrious sons, whose 
 lives and characters have been such as to entitle them to 
 stand in silent but impressive marble or bronze in that 
 historic hall as the mute representatives of the great men 
 of that State. 
 
 The delicate task of choosing from such a long list of 
 those who had devoted their lives to the service of their 
 State and Nation and achieved renown at home and abroad 
 in every line of public endeavor, whether in peace or in 
 war, and by whose wisdom and courage our civilization 
 had been advanced, may, in a measure, account for her 
 88 
 
Address of Mr. Webb, of North Carolina 89 
 
 tardiness in availing herself of the privilege which Con- 
 gress had accorded her. 
 
 But the matter could not be longer put off and the 
 North Carolina General Assembly of 1 907 made provision 
 for placing a statue in Statuary Hall, and by legislative 
 enactment, without a dissenting vote, wrote into the law 
 that it should be of Zebulon Baird Vance. 
 
 Some may feel inclined to apologize for so long a delay in 
 providing for this statue, but to me there is a compen- 
 sating assiirance that the State, in keeping with its tra- 
 ditional conservatism, has acted wisely. It is a more 
 splendid tribute to his greatness that, 13 years after his 
 death, a succeeding generation should have spoken through 
 their representatives in the general assembly of that State 
 with one voice and selected him as the one to be thus 
 honored. 
 
 I have read the splendid eulogies which were delivered 
 in both Houses of Congress at the time of his death by 
 those with whom he had associated in his public duties. 
 These were his daily companions, who, by personal con- 
 tact, had felt the warmth of his genial natiu^e and become 
 bound to him by ties of affection. They might have been 
 warped in their judgment by the sorrow of the occasion 
 and blinded to his faults by their kindly affection for him. 
 During these 22 years his life work has been measured and 
 has stood the test of time. The judgment rendered on 
 that sad occasion has met the tmanimous approval of the 
 people of his State. 
 
 I feel a special pride in his selection, and in the splendid 
 statue that has been presented to us by the State of North 
 Carolina, which pride the people of the district I have the 
 honor to represent in this House share with me, on account 
 of the fact that Zebulon Baird Vance lived in my dis- 
 trict, in the thriving commercial city of Charlotte, N. C, 
 during a part of his most active public career. 
 
 He was bom in Buncombe County, in an adjoining dis- 
 trict, the 13th day of May, 1830, in the midst of the most 
 
go Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 beautiful mountain scenery that is to be found anywhere, 
 surrounded on every hand by the lofty mountain peaks, 
 indicative of strength, stability, and grandeur in nature, 
 and close by the crystal, rippling waters of the French 
 Broad River as it came fresh from the pure mountain 
 springs, giving out nature's lullaby as it swiftly found its 
 way over its rocky bottom on toward the sea. 
 
 These were the environments which nature surrounded 
 him with during the impressionable days of his youth. 
 When we think of his strong, well-developed physical 
 form, which is faithfully portrayed to us in the splendid 
 bronze statue we are to-day receiving, and of the manly 
 traits of character, softened by a kindly affection and 
 brotherly love for his fellow man, we have no difficulty in 
 finding, without stopping to theorize as to cause and 
 effect, that his life was typical of his early natural environ- 
 ments. 
 
 Unfortunately for me on this occasion, I can not portray 
 his life and character to you as one who lived in close con- 
 tact and with intimate personal knowledge of his active 
 public career and draw upon a rich store of personal ex- 
 periences and reminiscences to impress their character- 
 istics upon you. I was but a yoxmg man when he died 
 and only knew him in his declining years. As a small boy 
 I only knew him as a small boy knows his people's hero. 
 I saw him on a number of public occasions, and his per- 
 sonality left a lasting impression upon me. When he 
 spoke in a community all the boys, as well as all the men, 
 went to hear him. Everybody honored him, loved him, 
 and referred to him as Zeb Vance. 
 
 The history of his long, brilliant, and useful career has 
 been ably presented, not only on this occasion, but also on 
 the occasion of his death, by those who lived more nearly 
 in his time, and more ably than I could do it, and I shall 
 not now attempt to review it. 
 
 Beginning with the year he completed his education, he 
 was successfully elected county attorney. State legislator, 
 
Address of Mr. Webb, of North Carolina 91 
 
 Representative in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Con- 
 gresses, served as captain and colonel in the Confederate 
 Army, governor of North Carolina for three terms, elected 
 to the United States Senate in 1876, but denied a seat for 
 political disabilities growing out of the war; again elected 
 United States Senator in 1879, and succeeded himself in 
 this high office until his death, in 1894. These are the 
 public offices which, during his 60 years of almost con- 
 tinuous public life, he was called to fill. That he did his 
 duty and filled each worthily is proven by his successive 
 promotions. A grateful people knew no greater honor to 
 bestow upon him. 
 
 Vance was endowed by nature with the traits of a great 
 leader. He was able, bold, and fearless; had a high con- 
 ception of duty; was a diligent student of public ques- 
 tions; and, through it all, had an abiding faith in and love 
 for his fellow man. His success was not attained by any 
 devious route, or by resort to the methods of the political 
 trickster. His high moral character and love of truth and 
 honor guided him in a straight and safe course through 
 the many trying events of his life. 
 
 But many men might possess the same noble charac- 
 teristics without ever receiving such tmiversal recogni- 
 tion and appreciation. The almost unanimous recognition 
 of his greatness in his own State may have been due in 
 part to the fact that he lived through a very trying period 
 in the history of North Carolina, when the public pulse 
 of the State was throbbing with emotion and every public 
 service recounted. I am, however, inclined to the belief 
 that it was more due to his great power as a public 
 speaker. His arguments were strong and well fortified by 
 facts and illustrations and well seasoned by timely and 
 well-pointed anecdotes. 
 
 His adversaries were held in check by the strength of 
 his argument and routed by the keenness of his wit and 
 ridicule. But his greatest strength lay in his ability to 
 translate his arguments and present his facts in the 
 
92 Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 language that was easily understood by his hearers. The 
 most unlettered portion of his audience carried home 
 some fact which he had embedded there. If nothing else, 
 the hearer could recount some well-pointed joke that 
 Vance had told which illustrated his position upon some 
 public question. 
 
 But why continue to speak of the elements of his 
 character that made him great? Man's effort to analyze 
 a truly great man must fall far short. It is an impossible 
 task. 
 
 Zebulon Baird Vance is great in the minds of all 
 North Carolinians and worthy of the prominent place his 
 statue occupies in Statuary Hall, not because of his 
 ability, character, his power to sway audiences, his love 
 for his fellow man, nor any of the other attributes spoken 
 of by me, but because of all these and others I have not 
 mentioned blended into one and translated by his noble 
 life into action which, guided by his faith in God, has 
 resulted in good to his fellow man, which has led them 
 into a higher civilization and a more perfect state. 
 
 Measured by the results of his active life, he is great, 
 and we but honor this Nation in accepting with our 
 thanks this statue, well done by an eminent artist and 
 presented by the loving hands of the State he helped to 
 build up. 
 
 May many youths of this generation who pause and 
 look upon this statue of Vance as it stands in Statuary 
 Hall be inspired by his noble Life to emulate his example. 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. GODWIN, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker: It is fitting that we should pay tribute to 
 the cherished memory of Senator Zebulon B. Vance. I 
 shall not undertake to recite the full record of his life and 
 public service. 
 
 Senator Vance belonged to that type which we fondly 
 term "a man of the people." To the American mind 
 this phrase is richly significant. It denotes a self-reliant 
 man of courage and energy who by native ability and 
 application has carved his way to a high and respected 
 station among his fellow men. All who knew him fully 
 imderstand that these qualities were exemplified in the 
 earnest and industrious life of North Carolina's greatest 
 chieftain. In early life he showed that he was destined 
 to become a leader in the affairs of men. His habits were 
 industrious and his disposition was genial, and as a con- 
 sequence he rapidly gained the respect and love of all 
 who knew him. The people of North Carolina displayed 
 their high regard for his ability and honesty by repeatedly 
 electing him to positions of high honor and trust. There 
 was a mutual confidence and cordiality between him and 
 his constituents, with a large number of whom he en- 
 joyed personal and intimate acquaintance. He had a mag- 
 netic openness of manner which easily attracted friends 
 and invited men to salute him in terms of easy familiarity ; 
 but in purpose he was sincere and ardent, and as he pur- 
 sued his path through life he strove always to show kind- 
 ness, to bring a smile to the face of sorrow, and to create 
 happiness and hope among those where formerly there 
 had been but misery and dejection. 
 
 To-day he lies at rest among the people whom he loved 
 and served and who in return were loving and loyal to him. 
 By them his memory will ever be kept green and the recol- 
 lection of his splendid qualities of mind and heart will ever 
 be enshrined in their memories. And we, his colleagues, 
 even among the changing conditions of this busy place, 
 at a later date will affectionately remember him always. 
 
 93 
 
ADDRESS OF MR. KITCHIN, OF NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 Mr. Speaker: It is almost a holy, yes, a holy pleasure to 
 join with my colleagues on this occasion in paying tribute 
 to North Carolina's most illustrious son. 
 
 I shall not detail the inspiring story of the career of 
 Zebulon B. Vance, which has been so delightfully told 
 in this presence; how at the age of 28, overcoming a 3,000 
 majority against his party in the preceding election, he 
 was elected to Congress from the mountain district by a 
 still larger majority; how he entered the Confederate 
 Army in May, 1861, as captain and within three months 
 was elected colonel of the famous Twenty-sixth North 
 Carolina Regiment; how the people of the State in 1862, 
 looking about to find the best fitted man to guide her 
 destinies through the gravest crisis of her life, selected 
 him at the age of 32 and made him governor, reelecting 
 him in 1864; how as such governor he made the splendid 
 record which earned for him the title of "The Great War 
 Governor of the Confederacy"; how, in 1876, in the 
 expiring days of reconstruction he redeemed the State by 
 again being elected governor; how, though once refused 
 admission, he was four times elected to the United States 
 Senate, finally dying in the service of the State and Nation 
 as a Member of that body. 
 
 I shall content myself by adding to that of others my 
 estimate of him. 
 
 Vance was North Carolina's finest product. Of all her 
 distinguished men, living and dead, he stands out in the 
 admiration and esteem, in the confidence and affection of 
 her people the central figure. None other approaches 
 him. The people of the State loved him; he loved them. 
 Each had implicit confidence in the other. Nor did either 
 doubt the other. 
 
 I venture the opinion that no public man in any State 
 was ever as much beloved by his people as Vance was by 
 
 94 
 
Address 0} Mr. Kitchin, of North Carolina 95 
 
 the people of North CaroHna. Almost every home in the 
 State, of rich and poor alike, irrespective of political affili- 
 ations, has upon its walls the pictiire of Vance. Sons to 
 families in every section and of every party bear his name. 
 His statement of a fact was to the people of North 
 Carolina complete demonstration. His opinion of a public 
 measure or question was to them absolute conclusion. 
 
 His public life more nearly represented the mind and 
 heart of North Carolina than that of any man, living or 
 dead. 
 
 Vance possessed the elements of greatness, the quali- 
 ties of statesmanship. He was a big man — big in body, 
 in mind, in heart. He was United States Senator for 17 
 years, from 1877 to 1894. They were days of giants — 
 days of statesmanship. Among his compeers in the Sen- 
 ate were men like Thinman, of Ohio; Bayard, of Dela- 
 ware; Beck, of Kentucky; Vest, of Missouri; Voorhees, of 
 Indiana; Morgan, of Alabama; George, of Mississippi; 
 Daniel, of Virginia; Ransom, of North Carolina — Demo- 
 crats; and Edmunds, of Vermont; Sherman, of Ohio; Har- 
 rison, of Indiana; Hoar, of Massachusetts; Logan, of 
 Illinois; Ingalls, of Kansas; Quay, of Pennsylvania- 
 Republicans. 
 
 In ability, in wisdom, in patriotism, in coinage — in all 
 the elements of statesmanship — these men were never sm^- 
 passed by men in any tribunal of the world. They were 
 giants. Vance was the equal of the biggest and the best. 
 He stood in the forefront of this splendid galaxy. 
 
 His was a captivating, commanding, majestic presence, 
 and to it everyone, the lowest as well as the highest, ever 
 had a welcome, and in it all felt at home. 
 
 He drew all men to him. His personality was over- 
 whelming. His presence was sunshine, his voice music. 
 He cheered and charmed, he entertained and instructed 
 all about him. 
 
 He was without guile. He never schemed. He never 
 held whispered, closed-door conferences of political machi- 
 nations. He built up no political machine. He had no 
 
gS Statue of Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 personal organization. He had no special friends in this 
 or that county to "look out for his interest." He had 
 no political favorites. The people were all for him and 
 with him, and he was for and with and of all the people. 
 Sycophants and courtiers did not swarm about him. 
 They knew he had no special favors to bestow. His big, 
 open, manly nature intuitively repelled them. 
 
 He was the incarnation of candor, sincerity, truth, 
 courage, kindliness. 
 
 He had no enemies. No public man ever had fewer 
 critics. In the days of bitterest partisanship in our State 
 no candidate or member of the opposite party ever de- 
 famed Vance. His motive was never impunged. 
 
 His wit and humor, in which he excelled all public men, 
 were irresistible. But his speeches and debates were full 
 of logical, analytical argument and wide research. On 
 account of his abounding wit some thought that he was 
 not given to study and investigation. The contrary is the 
 fact. No public man was a more diligent and profound 
 student. His discussion of any question furnished the 
 fullest evidence of this. He was master of every subject 
 he touched. He captured and controlled every audience 
 he faced. 
 
 Dead now nearly a quarter of a century, the mention of 
 his name anywhere in the State is still the rallying inspi- 
 ration of all that is good and brave and true in her citi- 
 zenship. 
 
 In life and in death he was, he is. North Carolina's 
 largest asset. 
 
 Long, long will be the time before another Zeb Vance 
 will be raised up for the State. 
 
 God bless the minds and hearts of her people with his 
 memory forever. 
 
 Mr. Speaker, I forbear to conclude without expressing 
 great pleasure in hearing my distinguished colleague, Maj. 
 Stedman, express the hope, which I, together with thou- 
 sands of her citizens, have long entertained, that our 
 
Address of Mr. Kitchin, oj North Carolina 97 
 
 State will place in Statuary Hall beside that of Vance 
 the statue of Matt W. Ransom. 
 
 Ransom is full worthy a place in this Hall of Fame. 
 Renowned as a soldier, an orator, a diplomat, a statesman, 
 he reflected the greatness and the glory of his State and 
 added fresh luster to her fame in every position of trust 
 and honor he held during a public life of nearly 40 years. 
 For 1 7 years he and Vance were colleagues in the United 
 States Senate. 
 
 No State was ever represented in that august body 
 with more marked ability, wisdom, patriotism, loyalty, 
 courage than was North Carolina when Ransom and 
 Vance were her Senators. 
 
 If our State should place Ransom by the side of Vance 
 in Statuary Hall, and if bronze or marble could portray 
 the imposing appearance, the commanding presence, the 
 charming and inspiring coimtenance of these two men, as 
 in life they looked, the tens of thousands that yearly visit 
 this Capitol would seek them out and linger long in admi- 
 ration and homage about them. 
 
 North Carolina would with exulting pride match them 
 with the hall-famed favorites of any State. 
 
 Mr. Kitchin. Mr. Speaker, I ask imanimous consent 
 that any Member of the House shall have the right to ex- 
 tend his remarks in the Record on the subject for an in- 
 definite time . 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore. Is there objection to the 
 request of the gentleman from North Carolina ? 
 
 There was no objection. 
 
 Mr. Kitchin. I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Speaker, 
 for the adoption of the resolution which has been re- 
 ported at the desk. 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore. The question is on agreeing 
 to the Senate concurrent resolution. 
 
 The question was taken, and the Senate concurrent 
 resolution was agreed to. 
 
 60551°— 17 7 
 
98 Statue of Mr. Zebulon Baird Vance 
 
 Mr. KiTCHiN. Mr. Speaker, I do not know that it is ex- 
 actly in order at the present time, but I ask unanimous 
 consent for the passage of the resolution for printing. It 
 will have to be passed at some time this session, and we 
 may as well consider and pass it now. 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore. The Clerk will report the 
 resolution. 
 
 The Clerk read as follows : 
 
 Concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 25) to authorize the printing of the 
 proceedings in Congress and in Statuary Hall relative to unveiling of the 
 statue of Zebulon Baird Vance, and so forth. 
 
 Resolved by the Senate (tlw House of Representatives concurring). That there 
 be printed and bound, under the direction of the Joint Committee on Print- 
 ing, the proceedings in Congress, together with the proceedings at the un- 
 veiling in Statuary Hall, upon the acceptance of the statue of Zebulon 
 Bajrd Vance presented by the State of North Carolina, 16,500 copies, with 
 suitable illustration, of which 5,000 shall be for the use of the Senate and 
 10,000 for the use of the House of Representatives, and the remaining 1,500 
 copies shall be for the use and distribution of the Senators and Representa- 
 tives in Congress from the State of North Carolina. 
 
 Mr. KiTCHiN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent 
 for the discharge of the Committee on Printing, and ask 
 that the resolution be considered now. 
 
 The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman from North 
 Carolina asks unanimous consent that the Committee on 
 Printing be discharged from fiu-ther consideration of the 
 resolution just read, and that the resolution be consid- 
 ered now. Is there objection? 
 
 There was no objection. 
 
 Mr. KiTCHiN. I move the adoption of the concurrent 
 resolution, Mr. Speaker. 
 
 The Senate concurrent resolution was agreed to. 
 
ii 
 
 i