rthurBHsbane a 00003 302820 This book is due at the WALTER R. DAVIS LIBRARY on the last date stamped under "Date Due." If not on hold it may be renewed by bringing it to the library. D'^"^^ RET. DUE °^^^ RET. DUE 1 \ 1 ^ ^J^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL a* s cn » a* & o> X a* f^ o> » o> -. Cr> Sr o> ^ o> « o> s& o> ^' o> - CD : o> THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL ENDOWED BY THE DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES PS3503 .R367 B6 1923 THE BOOK OF TODAY BY ARTHUR BRISBANE ii' NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE COMPANY 1924 Copyright, 1923, by INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE COMPANY CONTENTS PAGB FiPTY Yeaes Past — and Fifty to Comb . . t.j i,,. . (. 7 The Snail Goes Like a Babbit . ;. ..; ,. ■.„ m ^ w w 13 The Death of Enthusiasm . . ,. ,. , i., ^ w i. 20 The Span of Life . . . . . . . ,.: :. w ^ ;.; i.. 26 What Animal Controls Your Spirit? . :.. . t.: i.; ■. 30 Why Is Married Life Dull . . > . i. t. ;. r.: > 34 What Are We Here For! ........ . . . 39 ** Throwing Money to the Birds — Sowing Sorrow*' . . 44 What Kind of Blinders Do You Wear? . . .: ;. > .. 50 What Sort of Ambition Should a Man Have? .... 55 The Truth Sets You Free 59 Every Day That the Sun Rises — This World Is Better 65 Are You One of Those That Push the World Along? . 71 Poverty — the Great Curse 76 The Unknown Land 81 Keep at Your Work and It Will Keep You .... 87 Young Men Shall See Visions — Old Men Shall Dream Dreams 91 The Importancje of Eeligion in :Man . 96 The Desert of Time Wasted . > > i.. . . ,. .. .. 102 You Must Do Your Own Climbing >: . :.: ..; t.: i., > 106 Be GeA-teful to the Power That "Pulls'* You . ,. •. 110 5 pAoa Thought and Spisit ...» ..•*.... « 114 Do OuE Souls Comb Back and Live in Other Bodies! . 121 **Well, It's Just a Friendly Game*' ....... 125 Imagination Is Power ...,„....„. 130 We Long roa Immortal Imperteotion — We Can^t Hate It 133 The Existence or God — ^Parable op the Blind Kittens • 136 Have the Animals Souls? . . . . * ^ . ;., ,^ , 140 Discontent the Motive Power of Progress :^ ^^ ;^ ^ 142 The *' Criminal*' Class . . ^ ..*•.., , 145 Who Is Independent? Nobody , . . « * ^^ ,, „ 150 How Marriage Began . . ^ ,m . m ^ . -.m -.m m 153 Man's Willingness to Work • * ■.„ *«««.„ i58 The Three Best Things in the World ^ i.. ♦ « ■• . 160 The Value of Solitude - ... ^ .*»«;. ;^ ,^ 164 The Value of Poverty to the World » m m • ^m m 168 Those Who Laugh at a Drunken Man *«..;.. 171 Law Cannot Stop Drunkenness — Education Can . . 173 Woman Sustains, Guides and Controls the World . « 175 Two Kinds of Discontent . . , . ^ . „ . . . 177 The Earth Is Only a Front Yard 180 The Cow That Kicks Her Weaned Calf Is All Heart 184 Woman's Vanity Is UsEruL ^ . ^ m • m im m .« 188 Too Little and Too Much . . :„ m m m m m m i^ 191 < THE BOOK OF TODAY. Fifty Years Past — and Fifty to Come What the past has seen, we "know. What will the future show? Millions of men on this earth remember distinctly the past fifty years, and their fathers remembered fifty years farther back. The hundred years behind us have seen a complete change in the ways of human beings and in the world's methods. The stage coach went, steam cars and steamboats came in. The telephone has come — conquering space. The wireless telephone and telegraph have come — conquering space and time. The flying machine has lifted men from the earth — conquering the law of gravitation. The automobile has replaced the horse on city streets, and will replace it on the farm. Electricity has lightened the labors of women, sweep- ing, washing, heating, refrigerating, sewing, cooling, lighting, driving machines, executing convicts. Man, born with ten fingers, provides himself through electricity and machinery with a thousand million fingers of steel. Women vote, the law allows it. Men have no right to drink, the Constitution forbids it. Nations gather together and bargain, as individuals 7 used to do. They borrow billions from each other. They do not keep their bargains well, and do not repay the billions they borrow. But there is at least a start in international dealing to replace international war. Savages, as individuals, when they first bargained and borrowed, did not keep their bargains or repay borrow- ings, either. Fifty years ago, the man that had one million was looked up to — he was that wonderful thing, * ' a million- aire." Today, a man with an annual income of only one million is not *'so very rich." One man among us has an income of more than two million dollars a week. And Henry Ford, who manufactures the cheapest thing in his line, pays to the Government an income tax of forty millions or more a year. The world used to talk of millions, and hardly be- lieved in their reality. It now talks of billions. A bonus for the soldiers will require five billions. Before the Government finishes with allowances to injured sol- diers and others engaged in the late war, it will spend probably seventy-five hillians. Europe owes us eleven billions — we probably shall never get the money. And so it goes. We have reached the age of the bil- lionaire, with the billion as the international unit. The last fifty years have been years of big things, built up by the power of big crowds working together. But the individual man is not much higger, better or happier than he was. The Pacific Ocean is big, but a drop of water in that ocean is no bigger or more power- ful than a drop of water in your wash basin. Men are Btill little human things, drops in a human ocean con- 8 stantly getting bigger and more powerful, but the drops not changing much in themselves. How can they change? How can the individual be made greater, his life more complete, worth while? That is the question that the last fifty years and the last thousand centuries have done little to answer. Man has discovered radium in the ground, new ele- ments in nature, new metals, new forces. But he has done little to change or improve himself. It is probably true that the average intelligence among the higher races of civilized man is lower today than it was among the free citizens of Athens twenty-five hundred years ago. Scientifically and mechanically, in skill and in under- standing of our surroundings, from the oil well at our feet to the distant nebula, we improve. But as indi- viduals, as a human race, we have advanced and im- proved little. What will come in the next fifty years, or the next cen- tury, the period that will be lived through by our chil- dren and grandchildren? There will be talk of exhausted coal mines and oil wells. That will mean no more than the lack of whales means now to our lighting system. There was a time when men worried thinking they would have no oil for their lamps, and go back to tallow candles, if the whales were all killed off. Kerosene and electricity settled that. Before coal and oil are gone, men will harness the tides, the power of the sun itself, or tap hidden fires in the earth a few miles below our xeet, and wonder that their ancestors ever dug underground for coal. 9 Before today's children are old, all long journeys across the ocean, around the world, will be made in fly- ing machines. Men will easily breakfast in Paris and lunch in New York on the same day. It was considered marvelous when speaking tubes first enabled the lady on the third floor to listen to the other lady in the kitchen. In place of these speaking tubes, the whole world will soon be using the * ' ether lanes, ' ' and opera singers in New York City will be heard, as they sing, by the inhabitants of Timbuctoo, China, Mesopotamia, as dis- tinctly as by Coney Island. The human mind, taking everything for granted after two weeks, will think nothing of it, and will concentrate, as is usual, on the triviality that is new. AVe shall develop mines under the sea with submarines, irrigate deserts by diverting the course of rivers that now waste power and wealth, washing fertile soil out into the ocean. Swamps will disappear, improved ma- chinery making it easy. With the swamps will go mos- quitoes and the diseases that they spread. We shall build cheap houses, liquid stone will make that possible. Improved farm machinery will solve the problem of food for all the world's population. Public control of transportation, ending private con- trol of public monopolies, will solve distribution — and that will be one great step forward. The world has already solved the problem of produc- tion. We have water for the dry land, knowledge in li- braries for the dry brains, factories to supply all goods needed, distribution is lacking. Education will be made attractive, instead of being 10 repulsive. That work is well under way now. It has been accomplished largely among the children of the rich. Most important of all, but still a long way off, lab&r will he made attractive. A man's life is made up of work, and ninety-nine men out of a hundred detest the work which viakes up their lives. Kings, ten thousand years ago, anxious to win their battles, endeavored to make the work of the soldier at- tractive with uniforms, music, loot, and special privi- leges. Sooner or later kings of industry will realize that industry can be made attractive just as easily as it is now made repulsive, and at the same time made more profitable to all. Men will work willingly and gladly. That will be another great step forward. But what about the real work developing latent pow- ers within the human mind and soul, as we develop mines, oil wells, water power and scientific machinery? That will come. It will seem slow to us, but it will not be slow in reality. How much has been achieved since the days of the marvelously intelligent Greeks. And we are separated from them by only seventy-five genera^ tions. What are seventy-five generations? The death of one parent and the birth of a child repeated seventy-five times take us back beyond the birth of Christ. We know from scientists that this earth will last as it is now, suitable for the habitation of men for at least a hundred million years, probably much longer — barring «osmic cataclysm, such as collision with another planet. 11 We are only twelve thousand years removed from the Stone Age, from our ancestor with the brutal jaw, the two inch teeth, the one inch forehead. We have done wonders in the twelve thousand years. We have harnessed lightning that our ancestors feared, once we bowed down and worshipped it, now it sweeps the floor in a vacuum cleaner. We have a hundred millions of years to do other things, feeble imaginations cannot even conceive what the hundred million years will show. We shall talk to the other planets, as many of them within our solar system as have thinking beings fully developed. We know that the ether which permeates all space, carries messages as well as any wire. But what about the next fifty or one hundred years, what will that period show? We are in the age of scientific development now, as we were in the age of artistic development in the day of Michael Angelo. It is impossible to predict or even to imagine what the short space of a hundred years may produce. If twenty-five years ago a man had predicted the fly- ing machine as an accomplished fact, wireless telegra- phy, an opera singer in New York heard in San Fran- cisco, such a man would have been called crazy. What is the use of guessing? "It hath not been shown what we shall be." The main thing is for each man to live earnestly, think earnestly, do the best that he can. All the power of Niagara is simply the combined power of tiny drops falling from a certain height. 12 The Snail Goes Like a Rabbit This is perhaps the oldest editorial in the world. The cave man recited it to his son when he told him how to hunt for his prey. The squaws out West told it to their little papooses as soon as they were old enough to listen. Lord Chesterfield wrote it to his boy. Every mother in the country impresses it upon her children once a month. Yet, over and over, the same thing needs to be said. Meet opportunity when it comes toward you. If you wait until it passes, you will never catch it. Opportunity comes like a snail, and once it has passed you it changes into a fleet rabbit and is gone. "What is opportunity? It is the chance to do some- thing, to get something, to achieve something, to climb out of the rut. To he somebody of value in the world. Opportunity is life itself. That which, we call conscientiousness, or soul, or thought, can be imagined floating in infinite space without any material body to bring it in contact with the world. Then thought is put into the body. The body is able to do its part in a world of solid matter, and of other bodies. And with the coming of life opportuniiy comes. There are millions of opportunities around us every day. Some we see, and know that they are beyond us, or believe that they are beyond us, and do not try. Others we see, and look upon them as beneath us — and in considering an opportunity too low, we often miss the opportunity that is the best. 13 One man who began poor and died very ricli, in Chi- cago, had a little stand on the street and sold fruit. He saw an opportunity to add dried fruit to his fresh fruit, and he did that. He saw the opportunity to add part of a window to his little fruit stand, and to have tea and coffee for sale in small, neat packages. He did that. He died the biggest coffee man in the country, with more millions than he needed. Standing in front of his cheap, rickety fruit stand, he saw opportunity coming and he was ready for it. Thomas A. Edison sat at his key, sending telegraph messages like millions of others. His brain enabled him to see an opportunity, which was the sending of more than one message over the same wire. He didn't simply think about it, speculate about it, and drop it. Ee made it a reality. AVhen opportunity came crawling toward Edison it found him ready. That is why everybody in the world knows about Thomas A. Edison. In youth we have the opportunity to absorb informa- tion, and in mature years we have the opportunity to use it. Too often we neglect the opportunity in youth and spend the later years regretting that the opportunity was neglected. In a million ways men achieve success, big or little. 14 One becomes rich and useful because he sees the possibility of building a railroad across the continent, or because, like Cecil Rhodes, his mind can carve out an empire in Africa. Another simply sees the opportunity of putting one dollar on top of another, getting more dollars as rapidly as possible, keeping them all and spending none. There is something almost human and intelligent, something mysteriously knowing in opportunity. It comes toward you so very slowly that you can't help seeing it, if you vnll see it. It creeps up like a snail, it passes you, it seems to make up its mind that you are not the person to seize opportunity, and it is gone in a second. Some of us miss opportunity because we are too dull to try. Others let opportunity go by, too much startled when they see it to take hold of it. We are like the man who sees his first deer in the forest and forgets to use his gun. Fortunately, a long procession of slowly moving op- portunities meets all of us. And fortunately, also, in some form, opportunity is before us all the time. The commonest form, one most often neglected, and the safest opportunity for the average man to seize, is hard work. There is scarcely a sane, average, moderately healthy human being that could not end life comfortable and prosperous, if he would seize the two possibilities always with us — hard work and economy. 15 Health means power, and power means opportunity." Every one of us can improve his health if he will. Sensible living, temperate eating and drinking, regular sleep, \rithout added expense, will increase health, power and opportunity. Information gives the power that brings opportunity. The books are in the libraries. We can all read and learn if we will. How many young men can truly say that they do not throw away every day two hours? Two hours a day in j&ve years will make an educated man, one able to seize an opportunity when he sees it. In our life of money making and commercial strug- gling opportunity very often comes labelled with this little sign: **I am for the man who has saved up a little money. ' ' Many a man has missed his opportunity because he hadn't the thousand dollars or the five hundred dollars that the opportunity called for. How many men are there that can really say that it is impossible for them to save five hundred dollars? You can't save it this week, or this year, or next year per- haps. But you can save it. And once you have money in your pocket, money that is yours, money over and above aU your debts, many an opportunity that goes around you will come straight toward you. Only be sure that it is an opportunity, and not somebody more cunning than yourself who sees the opportunity in you and your gwilelessness. . . To see and seize opportunity the mind must be free from rubbish and useless lumber. If you are thinking of your own misfortunes, about your qualities that are not 16 President Calvin Coolidge "Every boy, young man and young nvoman should have ambition to understand public affairs, and if possible, to influence them." Calvin Coolidge, an average American boy, had that ambition. When opportunity came it found him ready for the greatest fob in the 'world. {See page 57] appreciated, about your high deserts and nobility of soul, your nose will be in the air, and your eyes won't be on the ground when opportunity comes crawling along. Free your mind from rubbish, especially from self- complacency and self -approval. Say to yourself: ''The world is full of opportunity; the men that have succeeded had no better chance than I. They succeeded because they saw opportunity, seized it, and hung on to it. *^If I don't succeed it is because I have not deserved to succeed. If I have not seized any good opportunities in life, it is not because the opportunities have all gone the other way and have never passed me. Hundreds have passed me. It is time now for me to seize the next one that comes along." The man who stops blaming conditions, blaming gov- ernment, blaming others, his relatives, his employers, his friends, and who blames himself, is the man that will seize and use the next opportunity that comes. There never lived a man who ** never had a chance." Only a man born an idiot can say truly that he has had no opportunity. The trouble is that too many insist on saying what hind of an opportunity it shall be, and when it shall come. If you see four boys together, three of them smoking cigarettes and one not smoking, you know that one of them has a better chance than the others. You may see a half dozen young men working in stores, five of them complaining about the public, about 17 hard ^-ork and long hours, and the sixth saying to himself: *'If I can't succeed as an employee I shall never succeed as an employer." If you find the five pitj^ing themselves and the sixth determined to do what is good for him, you know the sixth is the one that will take opportunity when it comes, for he has already taken the opportunity of making him- self a worker. Be ready. The way to be ready is to be at work. Opportunity comes to the worker, not to the idler who is waiting for opportunity to come. Edison was working at his key when his thought and his opportunity came to him. Newton was not lounging, idling, when the apple fell. He was thinking on the problem of gravitation and falling bodies. And when the apple fell — assuming that old story to be true — he combined the happening with his thought and his work, and seized the oppor- tunity to solve the greatest problem in celestial me- chanics. In every shop, every store, every farm, there is op- portunity. If your work is bad, if your employer is bad, you can watch for the opportunity to get out. But be sure that you get the opportunity. Wait until it ccmves. To drop one thing until you have another is one of the shortest roads to failure. Any kind of work is a gymnasium in which you de- velop your own power and talent. Success depends on being exact, industrious, intelli- 18 gent, obliging, practical. You can develop the good qualities inside of yourself just as well in the humblest work as in the highest work. A young man working as street ear conductor has just as many opportunities of understanding human beings, which help to real suc- cess as the president of the railroad, hidden away in his big" office. Some of us are old, some young, and some in the doldrums of middle age. But none of us is too old for opportunity, if we will see it and take it. Every year means 365 new opportunities. Every day means opportunity, every hour means possibility of good work, of foolishness abandoned. Five minutes of earnest thought and self-analysis may mean years of comfort and useful work hereafter. Fathers and mothers, don't frighten your children. To kill a child's courage is to kill his future chance. Spending money, reasonably, in accordance with your means is wise and useful. 19 The Death of Enthusiasm **Kothinsr gre^t was ever achieved without enthtisiasm." — Emerson, Enthusiasm, a word that combines amtition, courage, detcrmitujtion and a hundred other words, is to the human being what steam is to the engine. When enthusia,S7n dies, the man is dead, and hope has left Mm. He may live on, apparently, but the real man is gone. Enthusiasm is the power and the health of the mind. It is youth, ambition, vrUl. Man lives and is worth while as long as his enthusiasm lives. And when enthusiasm dies, he dies — although he may not know it. We all travel a certain distance upward along the road of life. Enthusiasm is the force that drives us. At one end of the long road is the cradle, where we get our start and our teeth. At the other end that vague temple called Success — and just beyond it the grave, where, without teeth, we lie down and are forgotten. Why we start, why we climb, what the power that drives us toward the shining temple, we do not know. All except perhaps one in a million fail, grow tired, sit down to rest like the man in the picture. Then hope flies away, and that is the death of en- thusiasm. Dante, one of the world's three greatest writers — Homer and Shakespeare being the other two — showed in 20 his dreadful hell the spirits of men still living upon the earth. Their bodies lived on the earth's surface, bat the soul was down below. You should read, if you have not read, the wonderful pictures drawn by that Italian imagination without an equal. Dante, conducted by Virgil, gets to the bottom of hell, where everything is frozen solid by the flapping of the gigantic wings of Satan. Satan himself is buried *'at mid breast" in the ice that holds him fast, and flaps his wings through all eternity in the vain effort to free him- self, while the freezing tears run from his six eyes, and each of his three mouths chews a miserable sinner. A horrible monster to look upon was that Satan, his three faces — one vermilion, one yellow, the third black — his arms as big as giants and in each of his three mouths '*a sinner champ 'd bruised as with ponderous engine." As Dante looked, the three sinners held in the teeth of Satan were Judas Iscariot, Brutus and Cassius. Well might Dante exclaim: ''Oh, what a sight!" Well may the world wonder that in Dante 's day nearly all men be- lieved, and even in our day a few million of the ignorant, superstitious still believe in such a monster. Before he had looked upon Satan Dante saw a mis- erable creature, his eyes covered with ice, begging that the ice might be removed for a moment ''that I may vent the grief impregnate at my heart some little space eri» it congeal again. ' ^ Dante told the poor sufferer that if he would tell who he was he would brush the ice from his eyes. And the man said that he was Alberigo, who had called his 21 associates together and poisoned them. Leigh Hunt re- writes the incident thus : ^^'What!' exclaimed Dante, *art thou no longer, then, among the living?' ** 'Perhaps I appear to be,' answered the friar; *for the moment any one commits a treachery like mine his soul gives up his body to a demon, who thence- forward inhabits it in the man's likeness. Thou know- est Branca Doria, who murdered his father-in-law, Zanche? He seems to be walking the earth still, and yet he has been in this place many years.' ** 'Impossible,' cried Dante; 'Branca Doria is still alive ; he eats, drinks and sleeps like any other man. ' *' *I tell thee,' returned the friar, 'that the soul of the man he slew had no sooner reached that lake of boiling pitch in which thou sawest him ere the soul of his slayer was in this place, and his body occupied by a demon in its stead. But now stretch forth thy hand and relieve mine eves.' " Dante, whose ferocity was as great as his genius, re- fused to help the miserable sinner who begged "But now put forth thy hand and ope mine eyes.'* Says Dante : " I oped them not. Ill manners were best cour- tesy to him." We do not believe, as the ancient believed and as Dante taught — although he was too intelligent to believe in hell's superstition — that men's bodies walk up and down on this earth after their souls have been taken below for perpetual torment. "We know there is a death in the body which is in- 22 finitely worse than the real death which sets a man free and ends his responsibilities. The death of enthusiasm is the greatest possible calamity — fight against it. Enthusiasm is hope, confidence in yourself, courage, a determination to succeed, or, at least, to struggle on tryiiig. Said Goethe: ** Money lost, something lost. "Honor lost, much lost. ' * Courage lost, everything lost — better you were never born." Enthusiasm includes courage in its meaning. En- thusiasm lost, everything lost — better you were never born. "What shall a man do who feels courage gradually leaving him and doubt, worry creeping in? Can enthusiasm be kept alive in spite of disappoint- ments, in spite of the disillusion that follows effort ? That each man must find out for himself. Life grows wearisome. Every year seems like an- other mile in a long race. Others fly past us. We seem to stand still. En- thusiasm flickers in the early morning, fades away by noon, gloom and depression finish the day. What can a man do who feels enthusiasm dying within him, who remembers with a bitter smile the hope of his boyhood and his impatience to meet the world? What cure is there for the deadly disease worse than death, the disease that the doctors do not know, the dis- ease of dying enthusiasm that attacks nearly all men before they die, and a majority before they are thirty? 23 Wh^t can we do to keep entJixisiasm alive? We can at least talk to ourselves earnestly and determinedly, as we would talk to a man sitting dejected on the roadside. To him we should say : **Get up and walk on. You have every chance nova that you ever had. **You are older than some who have succeeded, true. But many succeed when much older than you and after discouragements much greater than yours. ' * You have been so discouraged that you have thought of suicide. What of it? In all the list of the world's greatest successes there is probably not one but has felt as you feel — longed for death, and been tempted to seek it. ** Don't let the work that you have done already go to (^aste. ''Don't moan over time wasted. Let the thought of that time drive you to use the time that remains. * * The road is no steeper or rougher than it used to be. Thousands with more cause of complaint are struggling on, refusing to give up hope." Hope goes but can be called back. Enthusiasm dies out, but it can be made strong again. Age is no bar to success if the enthusiasm is there. Weakness does not prevent success if only the body is weak. It is weak courage that keeps men sitting down as failures when they should be going ahead trav- eling the road. The trouble in the average man is not lack of ability, intelligence, strength or health. It is lack of the courage that comes from enthusiasm. 24 "Watch yourself and that power within yon. With enthusiasm really dead and gone, your body lives still upon this earth, but, like the miserable creatures in Dante 's Inferno, the real you is not here. Courage is the man, and a man without courage is dead. The only real wealth is human labor. If you don't waste that, nothing matters. Be as big a fool as you like, with your money. To let hatred sink too deeply into the mind and heart is bad for the hater. Of one thing be sure, young gentlemen: this and the next few years hold great possibilities for those that now have little. When the water is rough and weather un- certain, look out for valuable wreckage coming ashore. Of those that have, many will have left little or nothing before long. Changed and changing conditions will develop a new crop of the prosperous. Things will have to be done in a new way, the man with the new idea will have a chance. % The Span of Life Life is a short walk along a narrow thread of destiny, hegin^ ning and ending in a mysterioiLS unTcnown, Hope Iceeps us hal- anced as we xcallc the narrow line. Life is short as we see it, 'but in reality it is without beginning, and never ends — and, long or short, it is all that we have. You are the figure walking on a slender thread. Each of us walks alone and must balance himself through life. Many millions walk but a few steps and fall back into the ii finite whence they came. Other millions walk half or three-quarters of the way — a small percentage finish the full natural span of a normal life. Hesitating, balancing, leaning to this side and to that side, you go along the span that leads from birth to death. This is a subject about which all the writers have written, all the poets have sung, all the philosophers have speculated, and all the law makers have legislated. We have all got to take the journey, walk the span, whether we like it or not. We are not asked when we come here whether we want to come. And it is not left to us to say when we shall go. We come without know- ing why, we go without knowing why, and we travel our journey balanced on a thread stretched between the finger and thumb of Destiny. We are not, however, mere machines wound up and set in motion. Something is left to our own decision. 26 "We get an inheritance from fathers and mothers through thousands of generations, and it is true that we can have only what they give us. But we have above everything, and in addition to everything, mil power, the power of thought based on observation and guided by conscience. We can use our character and temperament as the sculptor uses the block of marble, and we can carve in- heritance as we will and at least make of it the best that it can produce. This you see illustrated in the portraits of human beings taken in childhood and in old age. You may find two pictures of children much alike — the faces filled with goodness, cheerfulness, kindness and hope. And the same two faces in old age will be as far apart as vice and kindness. One will have grown stronger and better, and the other will show the stamp of the evil thoughts and the uncontrolled passions and wasted will power. Those that are most fortunate among men are able, in the brief span of life, to accomplish work that lasts for centuries, helping others that follow on the shaky walk across the taut thread. Some have been able, in one life, to benefit endless millions of lives after them. These have been the great teachers, discoverers, explorers, scientists, philosophers — and, above all, the fearless tellers of new truths. Blessed are those able to do in one life a work that will help hundreds of millions. But there is good work that every human being can do, there are rules that all can follow^ and each man, as he walks life's thread, should make these rules for himself and follow them. Do your duty as well as you can do it — and be^n by not hurting others in the effort to please or help your«. self. The first duty is to those nearest you. If every man of strength would help the half-dozen human beings nearest to him the problems of the world would soon be settled. The help must be of the right kind, not merely charity — although that is needed — but also sympathy, a good example, patience with weakness and dullness, and just dealings even with those that are unjust. Each can do his duty, and he who does that has done all that can be asked and all that any man ever did since the worM began. Life is troublesome, full of care, disappointment and bitterness for those that carry responsibility and realize their shortcomings. But it has its reward as great as its worries. To possess the friendship and affection of one sincere, loyal human being, to put the welfare of another ahead of your own, finding happiness in that, and, when you reach the end of the string and the time comes to fall off into the grave, to feel that you have done what you could, have not neglected those that had a right to count upon you — that makes life worth while and wines out »ts (^ 'sappointments. 28 What every man must learn unless life is to be a fail- ure is to control himself and put his selfish desires and feelings in second place. The man who controls himself through his will, who realizes that the shortness of life increases responsibility for the use of every hour, and who finally lives, day by day, as he would live if he knew that that day was the last — such a man is happy and his life worth while. *'He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city. ' * —Proverbs XVI., 32. Ill-temper begets ill-temper and poisons the nerves. When you are impolite to others, or angry, you poison yourself. ASK THE WOMAN Man is by nature unreasonable, every woman knows it. TOMBSTONE AND CEMETERY FENCE A tombstone is a queer thing, something like a fence around a cemetery. If you amount to anything, you don't need a tomb- stone. If you don't amount to anything, a tombstone won't do you any good. The fence around a cemetery is foolish because those inside can't get out, and those outside don't want to get in. 29 What Animal Controls Your Spirit? Our good and our had qualities are mapped out in our humhle animal relations. Of all animals upon earth man came last. All earth's animal creations are bound up in man. As to the first statement there is no difference of opinion. The Bible and Darwin agree that man was created last of all the animals. Very superficial observation will convince you that man contains in his mental make-up all the ** inferior" animals, or at least many of them. You, Mr. Jones, or Smith, who read this are in your single self a sort of mental zoological garden. If you could be divided into your component animal parts there would be a menagerie in your house, and you, Smith or Jones, would be missing. That thing we call a "soul" would be floating around, impalpable, looking for its house. You see the animal make-up in your neighbor more readily than in yourself. How do men describe each other? Do they not speak as follows, and mean exactly what they say? * * He is as sly as a fox. ' * **He eats like a pig." "He has dog-like faithfulness." "He is as brave as a lion." 30 **He is as treacherous as a snake.'* *'He was as hungry as a wolf/' etc. Our good and bad qualities alike are mapped out in our humble animal relations. The horse stands for ambition, which strives and suf- fers in silence; drive a horse to death and it utters no sound. The dog represents friendship, which suffers and sacrifices much, but whines loudly when injured. No doubt each of the twelve passions that enter into Fourier's complex analysis of man each has its prototype in some one animal. To rebel at the animal combination which makes up a man would be folly. The Maker of us all, from ants to anti-imperialists, naturally gathered together the various parts in lower animal form before finishing the work in man. A harmoniously balanced mixture of all the animals is calculated undoubtedly to produce the perfect man. Therefore, study your animal make-up. Analyze hon- estly and intelligently the so-called '* lower" creatures from whom you derive your mental characteristics. If you have not yet done so, study at once some good work on embryology, and learn with amazement and awe of your marvelous transformations before birth. Then do your best to control the menagerie that is at work in your mind. Discourage Mr. Pig, if he is too prominent. Circumvent Mr. Fox, if he tries to rule you and make of you a mere cunning machine. Do not let 31 your Old Dog Tray qualities of friendship lead to your being made a fool. In short, study carefully the animal qualities that make up your temperament and prove in your own per- son the falseness of Napoleon's irritating statement that a man's temperament can never be changed by himself. It may interest you to note that when man becomes insane the fact is at once made apparent that his mind had acted as a ruler of a savage menagerie. Many crazy men imagine themselves animals of one sort or another. Nearly all of them display the grossest animal qualities, once their mind is deranged. Women of the greatest re- finement sink into dreadful animalism when insane. Heine tells of a constable who, in his boyhood, ruled his native city. One fine day **this constable suddenly went crazy, • ♦ ♦ and thereupon he began to roar like a lion or squall like a cat.'' Heine remarks with calculated naivete: **We little boys were greatly delighted at the old fellow, and trooped, yelling, after him until he was carried off t^ a madhouse." There is, by the way, much of the natural animal ij^ ** little boys." It takes years to make a fairly reason- able creature of a young human. For that reason many ignorant parents are foolishly distressed at juvenile displays of animalism, which are perfectly natural. The same Heine, whose writings you ought not to neglect, describes beautifully a human menagerie. Heine was living in Paris in the forties of the 19th century, and used to visit a curious revolutionary freak named Ludwig Borne. Of this man's house Heine wrote: **I found in his salon such a menagerie of people as can hardly be found in the Jardin des Plantes (the Paris 32 Mrs. Calvin Coolidge "Some one must be patient, hopeful, interest- ed, proud, always devoted." Mrs. Coolidge, first lady of the land, has never been too proud to be her husband's helpmate — and even today in the fVhite House, she appreciates the im- portance of being a good houseivife. [See page 175] zoological garden). In the background several polar bears were crouching, who smoked and hardly ever spoke, except to growl out now and then a real father- land *Donnerwetter' in a deep bass voice. Near them was squatted a Polish wolf in a red cap, who occasion- ally yelped out a silly, wild remark in a hoarse tone. There, too, I found a French monkey, one of the most hideous creatures I ever saw; he kept up a series of grimaces, each of which seemed more lovely than the last," etc. If Heine's polar bears, wolf and monkey had studied themselves, as we advise you to study yourself, they might have escaped the sarcasm of the sharpest tongue ever born in or out of Germany. WOMAN SUFFRAGE— WORTH IT Out of the war has come suffrage — worth many mil- lions and many lives. Politeness and cheerfulness are the oil that keeps the ball bearings of social life and good business in working order. The oil of politeness costs notMng; on the contrary, it helps him that pours it, and him upon whom it is poured. If ten million dead from the battlefields could rise and walk through the streets of the world's cities, trail- ing their bloody garments, with ten million others killed by the flu, following and sneezing in the rear, that would perhaps make the world realize that war, international or industrial, does not pay. 33 Why is Married Life Dull? It %3 dull, too often. The fault is with the man usually. There are many people in the United States, un- fortunately, rolling over in their minds the above ques- tion. Needless to say, there are exceptions to the dulness of which the majority complain. Radiant thousands of young married people are so happy that the mere suggestion of dulness will make them indignant. Many old couples, too, after years of married happiness, wonder that any married people find life dull and tiresome, calling for variety. The conventional honeymoon undoubtedly is often a dismal, foolish institution. The young couple set off by themselves, traveling in railroad trains, stopping at strange hotels, or, most idiotic of all, going on an ocean ship to become seasick. Young people that are just married — the young wife especially — ought to be at home, with the people they are accustomed to, and with ordinary amusements to keep them interested, and to keep them from thinking too much about each other and getting tired of each other. If a man or a woman suddenly acquired possession of a very large mince pie, very agreeable to look at, that person wouldn't think of going off on a mince pie honey- moon for several weeks, with nothing on earth but mince pie to fill the time. Yet that is exactly what young 34 people do when they get married, and there ought to be a modification of that foolishness. The dulness of married life is chiefly due to men — just about ninety-nine per cent of it is man's fault. In the first place, when men get tired — as they do with their day's work — they are selfish and dull. And they make the home atmosphere dull. In the second place, men are selfish, they want to be amused, and the moment they find that married life lacks the excitement of courtship they are apt to get tired of it — or if not tired, at least indifferent and cal- lous. They haven't got enough imagination to keep themselves busy with the study of the human being confided to them. They haven't got enough unselfish- ness to make real happiness for themselves in trying to make another person happy. A wise Frenchman said about the cause of inconstancy m man : Le sentiment de la faussete des plaisirs presents, et I'ignorance de la vanite des plaisirs absents, causent rinconstance.'* This may be translated: **A realization of the false- ness of pleasures that are present and ignorance of the vanity of absent pleasures cause infidelity." That is a good description of many men. That which they actually have seems worthless. And their igno- rance of real life makes them think that something else would be better. To begin with, they go to excess in all things, and satiety follows on foolishness. ^5 In the second place, all actual pleasure in life depends upon the pawer of imagination. A beautiful stream to one man is simply so much water in which he may pos- sibly catch so many fish. To another and a rarer man it is a never-ending source of delight; its coolness, beauty and purity ajfford him infinite pleasure. Different men look at the same thing — that is to say, a woman — very much as different men look at a mountain brook. One man, clammy, with no imagination, looks upon a woman as an individual to minister to his com- fort or convenience. The other sees in a woman all that nature has put there, goodness of character, devotion, unselfishness, a capacity for making life really inter- esting, and for making man much better than he really is — if he will have sense enough to give her the oppor- tunity. If there were more men in the world with imagination, mental activity, and unselfishness, there would be less dulness in married life. There is not more than one woman in a thousand with whom married life need necessarily be dull. On the other hand — about nine hundred men out of a thousand would make life a dull, selfish institution if the superior quality of women did not rescue many men from their own natural dulness. It should not be forgotten by those who discuss the dulness of married life that dulness itself is a pari of life in general. It is impossible for human beings to be forever in a state of extreme exaltation and delight. They must settle down once in a while to matter-of-fact 36 John D. Rockefeller "Youth is the age of striving and selfishness; old age the period of dreaming dreams for the future that age is not to see." As a youth John D. Rockefeller's vision ivas to amass a fortune — in his old age his aim is to do good for the suffering and for the coming generation. The vision of his early years has enabled him to realize the dream of his old age. \_See page Q2'] living. Those that are sensible and well balanced enjoy each other's company even in quiet, peaceful moments. The less fortunate and more commonplace class drop down into dulness. And they look about foolishly and in dissatisfied fashion, thinking that something else might make them happy. Of this the dissatisfied married man may be sure : He wouldn't be happier anywhere else than where he is. He might, and probably would, be very much unhappier — for a woman of the character that would help to take him out of his family would probably also help to make him pretty miserable when she began to get tired of him. Women make one great mistake — it contributes to the dulness of married life and the failure of happiness. They are not selfish enough, they don't calculate enough. They ought to keep themselves to themselves more than they do. They ought to have control of the situation at the beginning of their married lives, and keep control until the end. They ought especially to keep their husbands occupied with some slight feeling of uncertainty. We do not suggest the worn-out, vulgar, comic opera expedient of making the husband jealous. The woman that could descend to such tactics is rather low in the scale. Better a life of sorrow and dulness than volun- tary degradation of spirit. We '11 quote our wise French friend again. "II y a dans la jalousie plus d 'amour propre que d 'amour," which means, "There is in jeal- ousy more self love than real love." If you make a husband jealous you lower yourself, 37 and you do not arouse any affection for ymi, but only affcK'tion for /iw oum foolish self and his own wounded vanity. Never affect an interest in another man. If your husband amounts to anything he will simply have con- tempt for such a ruse, and if he amounts to nothing — what's the use of bothering about him? But let your husband feel that he mxist win your respect. Don't be forever spoiling him with aimless and undeserved admiration and approval. He knows that yoii know him. He can't dodge that. Be strict — al- though kind at the same time. You can make any husband try pretty hard if you re- fuse to give him your indorsement and admiration on any other basis. Men are poor, weak things, and they crave admiration at home. Make them earn it. The wrong kind of man goes to pieces when times are bad, the right kind shows there is something worth sav- ing in every smashup. What human beings need is something to shake them up and make them think. 25 What Are We Here For? A question that is as old as the first man, the most important question that enters the mind of man. "I wonder if you would answer this question: ** *What are we here for?' Is there a man or a woman into whose mind this question has never come? A man may say to himself as an individual, What am I here for? What is my particular task? What are my special duties and possibilities? Or he may look at the question from a wider stand- point and ask: **For what purpose is the human race put here?'* Men are all brothers, although a majority are not civi- lized enough to know that. Men are as much alike, seen from the heights of justice and knowledge, as so many grains of sand or drops of water. Men were put here as a race to fulfill duties as a race, to live and achieve together. And the biggest question that men have to answer, the question that the Greek philosophers studied thirty centuries ago, that Asiatics studied and abandoned long before them, is this: Why is the human race here, what should it do, what can it do? The question will be answered one day, and the an- swer will come because men forever discuss the great problem. 39 To see any question clearly, go far from it and study the picture as though you had no place in it. Suppose you were a superior being on another planet, looking at this earth with its rivers, mountains, bowers, trees, beautiful green fields and about fifteen hundred million human beings scattered over it. The earth would look like a great garden in need of cultivation, and you would look on the little micro- scopic, two-legged creatures as gardeners. If any one asked you, ''Why are the little human beings put on that planet ? ' ' you would probably answer : * * God owns the planet. His pride is in that beautiful round earth. He put the little men there to cultivate it, drain the marshes, irrigate the deserts, wipe out the jungles and finally make a glorious and beautiful park of the whole earth. ''I marvel at His patience with these little human beings that fight each other and rob and cheat each other and waste their time instead of working at the great round garden confided to their care.'* That would be the view of a thinking person, away from this earth. Such a being would say that we human beings are here to beautify the earth and improve it, and that as the microbes in the cheese give the cheese its flavor, so we microbes are here to give this earth its beauty. That would seem reasonable from our feeble human point of view. If you went to the estate of some English duke, and saw hundreds of human beings working at the lawns, walks, flower beds and greenhouses, you would not hesi- tate for a minute to answer the question, **Why are those men there?" 40 You would say, **They are there, of course, because the man that owns the great gardens wants the gardens looked after. First he got the garden, and after that he put the gardeners there to make it beautiful.'* The materialistic man looks at the earth in that way; says that men are merely animals, with just sufficient thought to make them good caretakers of this planet, with no life hereafter, no probable great improvement here. But this is not the highest or the true conception. You might imagine the English duke thinking of his workmen only as human machines to care for his lawns. But you could imagine a nobler soul interested in his gardeners more than in his garden, anxious that the garden should be made beautiful in order that the gar- deners and their families might live happily and develop spiritually amid beautiful surroundings. The man is dull minded who doubts that the great power of Law and Justice that rules this universe and maintains in perpetual equilibrium and warm sunlight our little planet has failed to plan for the fullest devel- opment of the spark of cosmic consciousness called soul, which is in each of us the mainspring. The wonderful earth, born in heat and fire, changing geologically through long millions of years, becoming more beautiful with each succeeding age, is ultimately to be an ideal home, perfect and beautiful. Who can doubt that to be the destiny of this planet? A race of men born in ignorance, passing through hundreds of thousands of years of suffering, struggling, poverty, ferocious combat, famine and disease, are ulti- 41 mately to attain civilization, high knowledge, true brotherhood, to live happily on this planet for millions of years, with the dreadful past forgotten. Who can doubt the future of the human race? It will become beautiful and perfect in beautifying and perfecting the planet. The human gardener will improve as his work improves; he will become worthy of the beauty and harmony that surround him in infi- nite space. Such is the hope of men as a race. Thus man thinks of himself as a drop in the ocean of humanity. But apart from that thought there is the constant study of the individual hy the individual, man seeking to know hinuelf. It is this self -study, self -questioning and self-reproach that push the world along, lifting up the race by lifting up the atoms that compose it. The beautiful picture illustrates and helps to answer the old question, *'Why are we here?" The little child in the doorway on the poor street looks in wonder at the face of the old man, furrowed, sad and discouraged. The old man, whose questioning and striving with fate has been answered by failure, looks down upon the little child, and in that child 's face and hopefulness and help- lessness finds a partial answer at least to the great ques- tion. He knows that his own life need not be a failure in reality, although it has failed on the surface. He knows that to protect one such child, to give it an 42 hour's happiness or save it from a day of suffering is alone worth while. His clothes are torn, his shoes are worn, his face is sad with the disappointments and mistakes of many years. He looks at the child, whose face is a page with no line written upon it, whose eyes reflect the wonders and all the beauty of truth and innocence, and looking at the child he is able to answer the question, saying to him- self : **I am here to help others, to use power wiselj if it comes, and to endure poverty bravely if it must come. I am here to think not of myself but of others, to think of children such as this and to help them and protect them.'' What are we here for? We are here to find our work and do it, to realize our duty and do it, and to put ahead of all other considera- tions and things the needs of the weak and the poor. 43 "Throwing Money to the Birds- Sowing Sorrow" One more dull sermon on economy. To one who travels through this world money is as important as quinine to the traveler in a fever country. Can you force yourself to realize that a foolish spender is as worthless as a leaky tub? "The only way to have money to burn is not to burn it.'* That is slangy, not the best of English, but it is the best of common sense. To be able to spend enough when you are old, you must spend "what seems too little while you are young. Ahead of you is old age, waiting. There is the old age, dignified, independent, happy — the best time in life, when foolish fires have died out, re- gretted follies are almost forgotten, no more harm or falsehood need be feared, and the mind, mature, studies life and other worlds quietly and hopefully. There is the old age toward which so many are drift- ing — the old age of poverty, sorrow, humiliation and de- pendence. Nothing is more dreadful than to be old, dependent upon others and not wanted. The bread of charity or the bread coldly doled out as an unwelcome duty is bitter in the mouth. And thou- sands that see this will learn the taste of that bread. 44 Thomas A. Edison "Does anyone doubt that imagination is the necessary forerunner, the creator of everything that ive have ivorth ivhilef" At his telegraph the young Edison imagined things — imagination, coupled ivith hard ivork and energy, made him the greatest inventor of all ages. [,See page ISJ'} / Extravagance is a curse, and the extravagant, waste- ful human being is accursed. The vice of spending and buying needlessly destroys the pleasure of possession, the real happiness that might be enjoyed. The most extravagant man is he who considers him- self not extravagant at all. The boy who inherits a for- tune and squanders it is not extravagant. He is a maniac, the poor, diseased victim of a diseased civiliza- tion which brings about the destruction of the child through the fruits of the father's industry. The really extravagant young man is he who has a small income of salary, fifteen, twenty or thirty dollars a week. The man reckless of water is not he who lives on an island in a big lake, but he who finds himself with a small supply of water in the middle of a dry desert. If the latter is careful in the use of water he will cross the sand in safety ; if not, he will die and contrib- ute one more skeleton to the desert. If the man of small income is careful and saving, he wiU cross the dangerous period of young manhood safely and reach the other side strong and independent. If not, he will add one more skeleton of failure to the desert of foolishness. Don't deceive yourself and say that with such an in- come as yours it is impossible to save. If it is possible for you to live, it is possible for you to save. George M. Pullman, Marshall Field and John D. Rockefeller all saved the basis of big success out of less 45 money per week than tens of thousands of young men on small salaries spend for their weekly luncheons. The young man typical of the big cities who ends the week **just about even or a little in debt,'' who usually borrows something on Friday to repay on Saturday, is the really extravagant man, the one throwing away his chance. It may be more extravagant for you to spend daily thirty cents on your luncheon than it would be for some other man to buy a five-thousand-dollar automobile. Should you starve yourself? Certainly not; that would be stupid economy. But if it is necessary in order to keep your receipts ahead of your spending you can easily save and not suffer hunger or cold. Don't de- ceive yourself about that. The greatest advantage in economy, a fact that you can see in the lives of thousands of successful men, is not in the money saved, but habits formed, self-control acquired, and in work that the mind does in place of the follies that go with extravagance. The man who is not playing pool may be reading, thinking of getting the early sleep that he needs — any one of the last three more valuable to him than the **pool money" saved. The man who does not spend his money on drink, who does not make a fool and a wreck of himself, is saving his nervous strength, keeping the brain free from the harmful, resultless activities of alcoholism. And the saving to his nervous system and his brain is infinitely more valuable than the money saved. 46 If you do not control yourself and save now when it would be comparatively easy, others will control you, and you uriU do without in bitterness of spirit when you are old and the chance to save and build up inde- pendence will have gone by. There isn 't a young man in good health with an aver- age small income who could not, if he wovZd, make him- self an independent man able to laugh at the terrors of old age and poverty. What you save in money will help you, what you save in strength, in nervous force, in sleep, in good digestion, will help you more. What you gain in strength of char- acter and self-control will help you most of all. Don't pay any attention to what others are doing. Because the fool next you squanders, don't think that you have an excuse for squandering. If you were in China the fool near you might be smok- ing opium and making his ultimate ruin certain. But you wouldn't offer him as an excuse for opium smoking. If you lived among Eskimos you would be surrounded by creatures going months without a change of clothing and years without a bath — ^but you wouldn't consider that a reason for your being filthy. If you lived among savages and saw the fashionable young men of the tribe slitting their cheeks and rubbing in pigments, or thrusting bone ornaments through their noses, you would not do the same to yourself and offer fashion as an excuse. Don't make fashion or custom in this foolish civiliza- tion an excuse for imitating the foolishness of those about you. 47 Think of yourself as an individual with will power, with need of all resources, mental, physical and financial. Realize, as you m^ist do if y&Mr mind is clear, that the only necessary thing for you is to do day after day the thingrs that you know you ought to do, and not to do things that you know you ought not to do. You do not need to be told — you k7iow what you need to do. Do it. If you have ten dollars a week only and are careful, you will live to be envied by the man whose big income you envy now — if that man is foolish and extravagant. In the long run a leaky tub will he empty. And in the long run a wasteful man will be poor. And a poor old age is dreadful and sad. Friends fall away and forget you. Life gets harder as the months and years go by. The body must be kept alive some- how, for the instinct of self-preservation is our master and we struggle on in weakness and sorrow to the bitter end. The salvation of a traveler in a fever country is his supply of quinine pills that will fight the fever that enters his blood. If you saw a man traveling in such a country scat- tering those precious pills to the birds and plunging on to certain destruction, how would you describe his folly? How can you describe the folly of an individual who scatters, in youth, the money, the strength, the will that might have made that youth glorious and old age digni- fied, independent and honorable? 48 Sarah Bernhardt "Enthusiasm is the poiver and the health of the mind. It is youth, ambition, ivill." Sarah Bernhardt, greatest actress the ivorld ever produced, remained young to the day of her death; enthusiasm kept her young — ambi- tion made her famous. \See page 2o\ Save money, but save at the expense of your own vanities and weaknesses, not at the expense of those that have a right to look to you for help. No man ever hecame a failure through dovng too much for others. For the chief gain in saving is the gain in character. And he who spends for others unselfishly gains more by far than he who selfishly saves. If you want to know how difficult thought is, try to put one real thought on paper every day — ^then ask your friends whether it is really a thought, or only an exclamation. The greatest teacher can put nothing in. Wise teach- ing brings that which is useful out. Watch, for you know not when opportunity will come. In fact, it is here now, all around, for those that can see it. The possession of gold is a mere fetich. It means noth- ing, gold is only a token. On a desert island after ten days Mr. Rockefeller would give all his gold for one ham sandwich. To be seen, climb on a high place. To be heard, make yourself somebody, then people will listen. 49 What Kind of Blinders Do You Wear? Every man, like tnany horses, has a pair of some sort. "Get rid of ihcm" is good advice, l)ut not so easily followed. The horse wears blinders, and the horse is the stupid- est animal — more stupid even than the pig, according to a great French animal trainer. The horse must wear blinders in order that he moA/ not see things arcnind him. His business is to go ahead in a straight line until a tug at his mouth changes, the direction. Therefore we fix him up so that he can only see in a straight line. Sitting behind the horse you behold beauty or things of interest on all sides. Over there the calf kicks up his heels and bucks his mother; yonder a great tree rises toward the clouds, and, farther still, the steam cars remind you that you can go to town if you will. But the horse must not, and does not, see these things. He has to be grateful for even a small piece of paper to shy at. The big things, the exciting things, that would make him run away and get his name in the papers, are shut out from him. No wonder he is the stupidest animal. But blinders made of leather, with monogram neatly engraved, are not the only blinders. There are as many kinds of blinders in the mental world as there are different kinds of men. 50 And in one way the horse is ahead of us. He has blinders forced upon him. He always resists mildly when the bridle is pushed over his ears. We human beings make our own blinders, fit them to our eyes, and either glory in them or ignore the fact that they are there. It is a fact that each one of us carries around in his mentality some set of prejudices, preconceived opinions that act as blinders to the intellect and effectually shut out the truth. These blinder-prejudices are of all kinds. Many of us are born with them. The man born rich, or made rich, often thinks the poorer man is necessarily evil and inferior. He has mental blinders that should be at work keeping some donkey in the narrow path. The poor man often wears a permanent delusion which tells him that all rich men are bad and aching for his heart's blood. That set of blinders makes it impossible for him to reason sensibly or to work in- telligently at the improvement of his class. Poor women — let us always speak kindly of them — walk around in their millions with blinders labeled *' conventionality . " They would as willingly get out of life as get out of style. They look straight ahead at the hat of the woman in front of them, and that hat they will have, though the heavens fall or the husband fail. And as in clothes so in other things women stick to conventionality, and will not even look at truth if it wears an unfamiliar face. (That is partly due to woman's mistrust of what is new, while caring for 51 her children. The mother among animals or humans is intensely suspicious of the unknown. But that excuse, Tvhile sound, would carry us out of the line of argument.) Women should try to think for themselves. As that great man, Buckle, said, compressing volumes of advice into few words: *' Women should learn to be ashamed of ignorance." If women could get their blinders off and be as thoroughly ashamed of ignorance as they are of last year's hat, or of a sleeve with the idiotic ornament in the wrong place, the world would jump miles ahead. That's all about women; no man has the heart to scold them. Young men of today are the champion wearers and manufacturers of mental blinders warranted to make breadth of view impossible. They start out with the idea that they personally are pretty nearly **all right." They want the world to recognize their value and do the right thing by them — but they are not willing to wait long. When a young reporter has been beaten on the news for a while at a salary of thirty dollars per week and wants forty, just remind him that he is paid more than the engineer of the Empire State Express, and ask him if he is a better man. He'll show you such a pair of mental blinders as would fill the heart of a white Spanish mule palfrey with bitter jealousy. And tell the editorial writer that he says the same thing over and over, writing very commonplace stuff at that. You'll see visualized on the instant such a 52 pair of self-sufficient blinders as would explain even his lack of growth. Young men suffer from self-satisfaction most de- plorably, partly because old age, with us, pays too much attention to youth; partly because we wear the old men out and make youth conceited by premature success. The young man who will tear off his blinders, look around at others and at himself, even if it does hurt his vanity, will grow in speed and strength, and very likely discover a short cut across lots — once the blinders have gone. Millions of us have blinders fitted to us by unfortunate conditions of birth. Ignorance is of all things the heaviest handicap. Many suffer with it, through no fault of their own. Our public schools, happily, will tear off the blinders from the future generations more and more, as men learn the art of inculcating real knowledge, and of teaching men to tise what they know. Knowledge is the great enemy of blindness, both partial and absolute. KJQOwledge fights against superstition, its worst enemy, and wins every battle. Knowledge combats petty meanness, planting love of truth and justice in the poor soil where only love of money grew before. Knowledge in time will free all of us from the blinders that we wear — producing a human race as far ahead of us as we are ahead of the horse. But as that good day will not come in our lives, let us attend each to his individual set of blinders now. 53 Each of us does \vear a set. The problem is to identify them and tear them off. Get your friends to help you. A good friend can tell you what is the matter with you in a minute. He may not seem such a good friend after telling. But if you are sensible you will be a better man. One thing is important in this world, one only — th-oxLght. Reading, of itself, is nothing. Thinking is all. Thinking is to reading as digesting is to eating. Is anybody thoroughly educated? Certainly not, for a really educated man or woman would be the perfect man or woman. We are thousands of years from seeing that specimen. Each must discover himself, for himself. There is very little use of relying on others to do it for you. Do your part to make the nation cheerful. Fear and anxiety tighten the heart, dull the mind, check effort. Persist in cheerfulness. Talk it to your children and to your friends. 54 What Sort of Ambition Should a Man Have? The amhition TO ENOW HIS POWERSjo know THEIR LIMITA- TIONS, and to work accordingly. Is a man happy **if he remains in the humble place and station of his birth"? A reader asks that question. A man may find in the lonely cottage, or the village, or the big city street of his birth full opportunity to develop all his powers, to do all the good that is in Mm,. to utilize wisely the uplifting force that we call ambition. As a general proposition, however, a cultivated and civilized human being, like a cultivated and civilized shade tree, demands occasional transplanting. Man's destiny is to move about on the face of the earth. If he sits in one spot like a tree or a gooseberry bush, he doesn't give himself a full chance. It is good for the country boy to go into the city. It is good for the city boy to go into the country — it is good for each to study that which he has not seen. As to the man remaining in the '* station of his birth," that is impossible. At his birth a human being is little better than a mass of putty. He is a poor, almost bald, toothless, deaf and blind little creature, unable to do anything for himself. From this ''station of his birth," which is a condition of absolute helplessness and uselessness, he may develop to be one of the great men of the world. 55 Or he may stop and pass his life at any one of a million intermediate stations. He may stop off in his progress, so to speak, at the first station, which is that of physical development and commonplace life. The force we call ambition is a feeling not only of restlessness and desire for change and achievement, but especially a moral impulse to do good. We all feel within ourselves a force stirring vaguely, indefinitely. AVe want to do something, and that desire to do something, if it is based on desire to be useful to other people, may properly be called ambition. The successful ambitious human being is the one that maJiCS th-e best possible Mse of his or her powers. The world is full of perverted emotion, improperly called ambition. That perverted ambition is selfishness, vanity, base- less egotism that makes us refuse to do useful work that we might do because it does not seem important enough. The young girl should be ambitious — in the future and in the present. As to her future ambitions, she may let her mind roam as far as she will. If she wants to think of marrying a king, or marrying the little boy around the corner and making a king of him by her influence, let her do so. If she wants to think that she will combine the powers of Rachel, Jenny Lind and Bernhardt— > that won't hurt her. But she must have an ambition right in the present • — a definite ambition. She must make up her mind that she will do what 56 she can to be useful in the house where she lives, and to set a good example wherever she may be. Whatever good there is in small boys is usually based upon their admiration for girls of their own age. Girls should remember that they have an important work to do today in influencing the minds of lads with whom they come in contact, and inspiring in such boys admiration of good character. The young boy should be ambitious also. And while he dreams occasionally of being President of the United States, knocking Dempsey senseless, or making the best flying machine, he must have for his present ambition something simpler and more feasible. If his people are good, the highest ambition he can have is to support himself and help them. If they are making a sacrifice to give him an educa- tion that will help them later, the boy's ambition should be to do everything in his work to be worthy of the kindness and the opportunity they are giving him. Every boy, young man and young woman should have ambition to understand public affairs, and, if possible, to influence them. Fower lies in all of the people. Every boy, girl, young man and woman should study political affairs, understand public questions and be ambitious, in a little or a big way, to help make this land a genuine republic, governed in the interests of the people. It is proper that young men and women should have a reasonable desire to accumulate money. Poverty is slavery. 57 Only the greatest genius can do real work in the face of poverty, and to do it he must be content to endure suffering and humiliation. Every young man should have a good, honest ambition to make a reasonable fortune, to put himself and those dependent on him beyond the reach of want, beyond the whims of some other human being. But the making of money should be a secondary ambition. It is, properly speaking, not ambition at all — only a development of the instinct of self-preserva- tion. Real thought should dwell on the possibility of doing something entirely new which will be of benefit to all of the world — or of doing extremely well something that is necessary. Encourage your own ambition, nurse it, and mark out a definite course for it. A man can no more sail through life without a guid- ing, directing will — than a ship can sail across the ocean without a needle pointing in one direction all the time. You may change your course; you may find as your abilities develop that you must change your plans. Don't be afraid or ashamed to change the course of your ambition. But have a plan, and stick to it until you make up your mind that it was wrongly selected. And remember this: No man is worth his salt who does not try to do something that will help others. Everything that we enjoy on this earth — comforts, luxury — we owe to the ambition of unselfish, brave men that lived here before us. Try to be like them, in a big or a little way, and good luck to you. 58 The Truth Sets You Free TrutJi is found in good hooTcs, freedom also. "Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make 70U free." ^Ian progresses. He -was a poor, shivering creature on this earth a hundred thousand years ago, afraid of wind that roared through his cave, calling it a devil; afraid of lightning that flashed in the sky, imagining that a supreme God was trying to hit his poor little carcass. That same lightning, the electric spark man uses inside the engine of the flying machine that carries him through clouds where lightning flashes. He knows scientific truth and that makes him free of superstition and free to ride through the air. Many readers say "Tell us what to read, since you so often speak of good books.*' First you want to know what and where this earth is on which you live. Read a good, simple book on astronomy. Flammarion's Astronomy is good. So is Ball's "Story of the Heavens." It is a good idea to have on hand and read several books at once, each book opens up a new part of the mind. While you are reading your astronomy read a good, simple up-to-date book on geology; get one recently written. Your librarian or book dealer will recom- mend one. This geology will tell you what has happened to the earth during the hundreds of millions of years that it has been spinning around the sun. 59 Then read a book on evolution, about the development of animal life on the earth, how you have gradually risen to an erect position, and learned to study the stars instead of studying ways to kill and eat your neighbor. Wallace's book on Darwinism is good. After you understand something about the universe in which your earth is a little traveler, something about geology and evolution, read a good book on psychology' and learn something about yourself, how it becomes possible for your brain to see and under- stand the world around you and the distant suns. Professor James has written an admirable text book on psychology. Get it. Then get a history of philosophy, which means the history of human thought and abstract speculation. Philosophy represents the effort of man to explain things to himself, as religion represents man's effort to believe, and thus get along without any scientific explanation. The history of philosophy written by George Lewes, husband of George Eliot, is easy and pleasant to read, and sufficiently, although not perfectly, accurate. "^Vhile reading all other books, make it a point to read Shakespeare for at least fifteen minutes every day. Other books feed different parts of the mind. Shake- speare feeds the entire brain. Read, a little at a time and changing from one book to another, the following books: Bacon's Essays. He was one of the world's three 60 greatest thinkers. He died in disgrace, which shows that intellect is sometimes apart from character. Read the essays of Montaigne and the maxims of La Rochefoucauld. At the same time, although some readers find it rather hard, read slowly Montesquieu's ^* Spirit of Laws." Keep the last three books by you and read them intermittently in the course of a year. You will find in Montesquieu the history of man's struggle to attain justice. In Montaigne you will admire solid wisdom and keen satire. The brilliant Duke of La Rochefoucauld will show you how to use language and wit most brilliantly. If you want to know something about education for your children's sake, read Herbert Spencer's book on ** Education," and Rousseau's **Emile." Add to these, if you are industrious, works on education by Froebel and Pestalozzi. But Spencer and Rousseau are enough for the average parent. To make you think, enable you to judge events of today and think intelligently about the future in the light of the past, read these admirable books: Buckle's ** History of Civilization in England," Lecky's ** History of European Morals" and Guizot's ** History of Civilization." You will find it difficult to buy the last named, but can get it at a public library. Such books as these should be read with an encyclo- pedia at hand and frequently consulted. Never read and pass on without understanding what you have read or knowing about the important characters mentioned. To read books without knowing what you read is like 61 swallowing food whole, it does no good and causes indigestion. To learn how to write, try this short course: **The fables of La Fontaine" — for clear expression of simple thought. Sterne's ''Sentimental Journey," the best English prose. Homer's ** Odyssey." It will cure you of any admira- tion for fancy writing. Read Dante's ''Inferno" and his "Paradise" for magnificent writing, which is different from fancy writing. More power of a certain kind is in Dante than in any of the other writers — except Shakespeare, who possesses more of everything than all the others put together. Read "Don Quixote," by the wonderful Spaniard, Cer\^antes. There is the marvel of wit and satire. Read "Gulliver's Travels," not a peptonized edition rewritten for children, but Swift's own original, and read Goethe's "Faust," the first part at least. Read also Heine's " Reisebilder, " although no translation carries all of Heine's genius. To know something about yourself and your own kind, read the lives of a few, say a dozen or twenty, of the world's important men; for instance, Socrates, Alexander the Great, Aristotle, Caesar, Napoleon, Vol- taire, Michael Angelo, Leonardo Da Vinci. Read the lives of all the authors mentioned above. Look them up in a first-class encyclopedia, if you have no time to do more. 62 Above all read Shakespeare regularly. If you read for forty years there are forty Shakespeares waiting for you. The more you know, the more you find in him. His Falstaff is for every age that appreciates wit. His King Lear, written in his late years of bitter- ness and disappointment, is for the old and the serious. Hamlet is the puzzle and the mental food of every age. His sonnets are the best that the world possesses, as his comedies and tragedies are the best. There is in Shakespeare mental food for a lifetime. Do not neglect him, whatever else you may neglect. The best brief story of this man who has taught the whole world, and about whom the world knows so little, was written by a Danish Jew, Brandes. Read his ** William Shakespeare, a Critical Study. '* In books worth reading, which no man can exhaust in one lifetime, you will find happiness, suggestions for the use of power and wealth, if you possess them, consolation in poverty, and strength under all condi- tions. To be ignorant is not to be alive, except as the animals live. And for ignorance there is no necessity, and no excuse except mental dulness. A college education is not necessary, nothing is neces- sary except ability to read intelligently and desire to know. And age makes no difference, except that the un- trained mind past forty retains facts with difficulty. But love of knowledge makes up for that. Among the really learned men of the world the 63 greatest have learned more after tliirty than before thirty. For the thinking that you do is the really im- portant part of education, and sound thinking comes after thirty. If you have not a good education, you can get it at no cost. It is all in the books and inspiration and happiness as well. Read good books. Give your children an opportunity in life, if they are brilliant in the ordinary sense of the term, and learn easily ; don 't force them, hold them back. If they are called ''dull," remember you made them. They did not make themselves. A child can have only what its father and mother give it; if the child seems to be lacking, let the father and mother blame them- selves and try to make up in the child *s life for that which was lacking in its birth. FIVE YEARS' WAR In five years, this stupid earth spent on war, killing and destroying, more than three hundred thousand millions of dollars. If a man spent ten times his yearly revenue in one drunken, murderous debauch, he would have to save and suffer for some time. That is what the world wiU have to do. 64 Henry Ford "What ivill the future shoiv? You can never tell" says Mr. Brisbane. Thirty years ago Henry Ford ivas a poor mechanic. Today he pays the largest income tax in the ivorld. Where ivill you be in thirty years? [See page 5] Every Day That the Sun Rises — This World is Better Each day, for millions of years, the teautiful sun has risen upon this continent, or upon the great waste of waters that cov- ered what is a continent today. Each rising of the sun found the earth 'better, nearer the perfection that is the earth's destiny. What the sun is to this material planet, education, the sun of "knowledge and progress, is to the human mind. Its rising drives away clouds, promises the new, tetter day. You do not know this earth or its beautj^, unless yon have seen the sun rise — often. The dark night softens and loses power. The stars, soon to be conquered by the great star nearest to us, grow dim as a greater light approaches. Those other stars, each in its distant spot, tell of the work that is done by light and power on endless millions of planets throughout the infinite universe. Blackness changes to gray that is almost black. The trees become distinct. The birds wake up and with twittering and fluttering prepare for another day. Toward the east the sky becomes softer, the light of dawn spreads across the fields, and then come the first rays shooting upward against the round surface of our earth i% tell that the great sun is coming. To the eye and the imagination of man nothing is more impressive than that rising sun, increasing im- perceptibly, yet with marv^elous speed from the faintest beginning of light to the full splendor of brilliant day. 65 Billions upon billions of times the sun in his rising is reflected in the dewdrops on the leaves, in the spray that the ocean Tvaves throw into the air, in the eyes of waking creatures. A night that was black and a planet that was asleep are changed into a wonderful day of light and into a wonderful earth of activity and eager labor. Throughout the ages thousands and hundreds of thousands of centuries, that wonderful sight has been repeated every day — ^the sun rising and doing his work upon the planet, and setting to continue that work — always rising, always setting, never still, never absent — and every second improving the earth that is given to us. The sun's heat and light, his bombardment of our planet by imperceptible bodies necessary to our existence, his influence upon our atmosphere and our vegetation have changed the earth from dreadful chaos into the planet that we know and inhabit. And the sun^s work continuing through the thousands of cen- turies ahead of us will make of this planet a beautiful, perfect garden, ready for the perfect civilization that will exist here one day, realizing the dreams of the boldest dreamers, and putting to shame those that dared to set a limit to man's power. What the sun, great father and giver of light, is to the earth and to man, education, the sun of knowledge, is to the mind of man and to his spiritual life. Truth and knowledge, like the sun, have traveled around this earth through the centuries. 66 From the east to the west knowledge has gone steadily — a brilliant sun growing in brightness with the years. Toward the sun of education men turn their faces hopefully, and the hope will not be disappointed. The sun that lights our planet and the sun of knowl- edge that brings light to the mind of man both dissipate clouds and drive away darkness. This planet of ours was a dreadful abode in old days before the sun had done his splendid work. Monsters inhabited it, flying lizards, giant dinosaurs bigger than ten elephants. Fearful swamps and morasses covered it. The air was so heavy, so filled with noxious gases that no creature now living could possibly have breathed on the earth in those days. Day by day, year by year, century by century, through millions upon millions of years, the sun has worked, and we have a planet now upon which man can live and upon which he has just hegun the task of arranging for himself a harmonious home worthy of a thinking being. Education has done for the mind of man what the sun has done for the planet beneath our feet. Education has driven away the clouds of brutality, superstition, ignorance and hatred — some of them at least. And the clouds that remain grow thinner day by day, and the light through them grows clearer. Men in the beginning were as barbarous and vile, comparatively, as was the old earth in the day of dinosaurs and pterodactyls. 67 Read the history of men, especially the history of their religious beliefs — reflecting men's own vices and "Virtues — and you see a picture almost too dreadful for contemplation. In history you can look upon men when they were all cannibals — except a few too feeble and timid to kill and eat their fellows. You can look upon nations calling themselves ** civilized ' * as we call ourselves civilized today, and find those nations believing that they could please their gods by sacrifices of living beings — human beings. You find the man of power slaughtering helpless slaves and burying them beneath the cornerstone of a new house '*to bring good luck and propitiate the evil spirits. ' ' And later you found conditions as vile — infinitely worse, in fact, since they existed side by side with intelligence and knowledge fairly well developed. You found in Europe in the Middle Ages and later men possessing all the knowledge accumulated by the Greeks and Romans hurning one another alive. You found the heads of different religions, each in the name of a Being who had given up His life for the poor, burning, torturing and cursing all that failed to agree with their view — although they had the sar)ie God. You could see men burned alive because they dis- covered new truths, you could see them threatened with death because they had dared to announce that the earth was round. You could find human beings pre- tending to exercise the powers of God — savages in the African jungle, witch doctors fooling a chief into be- lieving that he had swallowed a little alligator, or 68 Kathleen and Charles G. Norris "Married life need not be dull," says Mr. Brisbane. And here are Kathleen Norris and her husband Charles G., famous no'velists, ivho ivork together and ivho have never found mar- riage dull. In a recent issue of Good House- keeping Mrs. Norris revealed the secret of her successful married life. \_See page j^] equally preposterous leaders of religion in Europe of various denominations leading rulers to believe that they could give eternal happiness for a financial con- sideration, or punish with eternal hell and damnation the withholding of that financial consideration. This was a vile earth, in the savage days before our beautiful sun had begun to put it in order. It is bad enough still with its deserts and swamps, but it shows signs of improvement. This was a vile earth of ours before the great and beautiful sun of education had begun to put the human mind in order. It is bad enough still, with its prejudices, superstitions, hatreds, wars, its billions for battle, its coldness toward the poor. But it is a better world than it was; the light is breaking ; those that have their faces turned toward the sun of knowledge see the clouds disappearing, know that the full day is coming and hope that it is not far off. Among those that in the old days made and wor- shipped the gods of their own manufacture or in- vention, the most dignified perhaps were the sun worshippers. They worshipped the most beautifid thing within the range of vision. We no longer worship inanimate objects. And those that are intelligent do not worship any imitation of man, any revengeful, repulsive, torturing and hating creature. We are not sun worshippers, but we are in a mental sense worshippers of the new sun, the sun of 69 knowledge and education, the sun that will make men equal, that will put light in the dark places, the sun that is destined in the years to come to answer upon this planet that most beautiful prayer, **Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.'* PROGRESS Once when rulers made a treaty, each would sign his name in blood to prove he meant it. Sentimental young people wrote love letters in blood. Now they use a typewriter. FOR CHII4P BEATERS Yon can forgive an army mule driver who says the mule can be controlled only by brutality. But what about parents that say the same of their children and beat them? Beating a child is breaking the main- spring of a watch. To be economical is important, for economy means independence, and the absence o-! independence means slavery. Think and he discontented, wisely discontented with yourself, and you will go as far as it is within you to go. 70 Are You One of Those That Push the World Along? The Pushers, poor or rich, that do their share in pushing the world along the path of PROORESB^ are the only men and women worthy of the name. There are only two classes of human beings in the world — the useful and the useless. To which class do you belong? The useful class consists of those whose work, besides maintaining themselves, does good to others. The useless class, large unfortunately, consists of absolute drones that do nothing at all, and relative drones whose work, concentrated exclusively on their own welfare, does no good to anybody else. While idlers and the selfishly active constitute a large class, it is fortunately a fact that useful workers, the pusherSj outnumber the others a hundred to one, or more. In the first place and in the first rank stand the mothers of the country, the great army of patient, anknown, unrewarded workers, whose best years and strength, intelligence and knowledge are devoted to the perfecting of the future generation. And then come the fathers, millions of men that work regularly and uncomplainingly at humble occupa- tions, denying themselves and saving, that their children may be well dressed, well fed and kept at school. 71 Many a man in this country could have been great and famous, well supplied with food for his vanity, had he been willing, in seeking greater eonspicuous- ness, to risk temporarily the welfare and comfort of his wife and children. He felt that he had no right to take risks, having bound himself to provide for others, so he kept plodding away, and gave up his opportunity to be among the admired and applauded. But he is one of the real pushers. Like the soldier in the ranks, he sacrifices his life, without hope of glory or even mention; it is he that really wins the victory for civilization in the end. Those that do most for Progress, whose life and activities are absolutely essential to it, are the men and the women never heard of ; the patient, plodding pushers that sacrifice themselves and live in obscurity for the sake of duty. All of us, young or old, men or women, are either helping to push along civilization or we are useless drones, basely living on society like the crab in the oyster. Every one of us has his work to do and can do it if he will. The old man or woman, past the age of work and of material usefulness, can do great good by the setting of a good example. A cheerful tone in the aged, an optimistic view of life, kind encouragement for those that need it, very gentle criticism of the faults of youth, can do a very great deal. The young man who knows enough to respect him- ?2 self, to keep free from gambling, drinking and other destroyers of the future, benefits others as well as himself. If he has courage to preach as well as practise, his influence is great on those about him. A thousand such young men in their actual lives can do as much good as many clergymen or editors. Every young woman has a chance to do her share of the work. If she is self-respecting and inspires in the young men who meet her a high ideal of woman- hood, she is helping to push along the development of humanity in her little corner of life. Incidentally, she is preparing herself for a wise marriage and that most useful of all work, the addition of really good children to the population. The man who digs his ditch or lays his brick honestly, making life comfortable and secure for others, is useful and praiseworthy. The engineer who takes his rushing train and a thou- sand passengers safely through the night, helping on commerce and the exchange of commodities, making life safe through his punctuality and nervous force, is one of the pushers. The very successful, the ablest, and many of the richest men are also among the pushers and among the most useful of them. The senseless denunciation of legitimate wealth is harmful to the country, as well as unjust. The United States is a nation of great progress. Its growth has merely begun. 73 TVe need in this country the ablest minds, the most energetic men. Europe has sent them to us in the past, we have developed and encouraged them here. We must continue to do bo. In these days the highest reward that one man or a body of men can offer to another is apparently a great sum of money. That great sum of money, at least, is what the able man in America, the powerful pusher, today wants.' If he wants it he should have it, for the laborer is worthy of his hire, and we should be prepared in this country to pay the highest legitimate prices, not only for eight hours of honest manual work each day, but for eight minutes or eight seconds of the inspired work which develops a great idea and involves, perhaps, employment for thousands. Who would be foolish enough to denounce the large fortune of the man who invented the Bessemer steel process, adding thousands of millions of dollars to the wealth of this country alone? — he was only half paid, no matter how much he got. And the man who in any direction works to develop the country, to give employment to others, to make new homes, open new territory, devise new industries, is a great benefactor, well worthy of his hire as a laborer in the higher fields. America should be prepared always to encourage him and pay him gladly and ungrudgingly the highest price for the highest pushing ability. If a man uses his brains and his money to build a railroad in a new place, developing agriculture, back- 74 ing his good judgment with his capital, making an opening for many industries and many homes, that man should be encouraged and rewarded to the full. He is a very small man who envies the success of the legitimate higher worker. He should rejoice in that success and wish that it might be greater. The great, heavy ball of progress needs a great deal of pushing, and there is room on its surface for every man, woman and child to push unceasingly. We should honor the man whose persistent plodding does most of the work in the long run. We should honor also those whose big, individual conceptions have done So much. Incidentally, each of us ought to question himself and ask himself whether he is pushing and doing his little share, or just sitting about and watching others work. Keep your head clear, with regular sleep, hard think- ing, wise living, constant observation. Start now, young man, ahead of the others, and they will never catch up — if you stick to it. It is not special brilliancy that makes success, but persistency. What men vmnt to do, they can do. They want gold, and they get it, wherever it is. Prove that gold is at the North Pole, 1,000 Pearys will arise, and corpses will mark the road to the new gold fields. 75 Poverty — the Great Curse Clutching hands represent the grip of poverty, the grasp in which debt Tiolds you, the powerful curse that Tceeps men miser- able and ana:ioiis. Poverty is slavery. Fight it. Young men, and old men, fight poverty as you would fight slavery. Ask the old and they will tell you that poverty is the great, widespread curse. Not wealth is necessary to happiness, but freedom from poverty that grinds, poverty that worries, poverty that makes a man the slave of any man who has a dollar — that is necessary to happiness. You have seen pictures of slave-traders rushing through the African forests and poor blacks fleeing before them. What the slave-catcher was to the black man on the Gold Coast, poverty is to you today. If you are young, if the dollars slip through your fingers, and you feel that the future will take care of itself — think about it for a while. The grasping hand of poverty is above every man; every man lives in danger of this powerful clutch unless he has regulated his life with wisdom — and actually lives today in such a way as will make it impossible for poverty's grip to seize him. The word ** mortgage," which means '*a death pledge,'* is a curse upon many homes and many lives. 7 C^ ^ 53 «3 "^ ^ V Ci V- 52 ^ '3 ^' ^ g "-«* "^ t» Vj ^ 5J ^ Eeligion freed the slaves, abolished infanticide, and gave to the serf the right to own the land on which he worked. And the power of religion has only begun its work. In days to come man's true religious feeling and conviction will free children from the torture of poverty, hard work, and all misery, just as the early Christians saved the children from the curse of infanticide by holding the mothers responsible and declaring that no child could go to Heaven that had not been baptised. Religion in time will give to women their rights, full protection, including the protection from oppressive labor, and realize the teachings of Jesus, who was the first and the greatest of all advocates of the rights and the equality of women. Religious feeling is as varied in its expression as the races and the individuals that inhabit the earth. And every religious feeling has its value, whether it be the dull mental groping of some negro kneeling before an idol, the vague feeling of Napoleon on the ship that carried him to St. Helena, pointing toward the stars and saying to his companions and his jailers, ''All that means something," or the feeling of such a man as John Brown, actually taking seriously the words of Christ, ''One is your Master, and all ye are brethren.'' There has been no progress on this earth, except progress born of religious feeling — using the word religion as expressing man's duty to his fellows, and especially to the weak and the poor. Religious feeling and enthusiasm lend power to the brain and develop its faculties. Religion is the highest expression of imagination, and imagination is man's greatest force. 97 When nations and individuals become indifferent to the highest things, fix their minds exclusively on this earth, its selfish interests and pleasures, they go down and soon are forgotten. The man living upon this planet, able to look up at the stars and the clouds, whose chief interest is not in the power, the justice and the law that rule throughout the universe, is as much to be pitied, and as low in the intellectual scale as some dog that never looks upward—- unless to bark at a cat, or a squirrel in a tree. Bible classes, organized for young men, are of especi&l value. It is a pity that they are not more numerous, more largely attended. A man may begin the study of the Bible in his child- hood and read it to the last day of his life, always find- ing new inspiration, new thought and new meaning. The most beautiful and powerful writing that has ever been done is in Isaiah. No man can pretend that he has studied his own language unless he is familiar with the Bible, both the Old and the New Testament. To those that are unfortunate, the Bible offers con- solation that never fails. Millions of mothers con- demned to see their children die in infancy have found comfort and strength in Christ's words, *' Their angels do always behold the face of My Father which is in Heaven." For those upon whom the troubles and sorrows of the world press heavily, there is more comfort in the Sermon on the Mount than in all the books of philosophy that have ever been written. "Blessed are the poor in spirit * * * *' Blessed are they that mourn ♦ ♦ * 98 ** Blessed are the meek * * * ** Blessed are the merciful * * * ** Blessed are ye when men shall revile you and persecute you." The greatest preacher of equality, a believer in the rights of man more powerful and earnest than all the French philosophers, a defender of women and children, one whose heart was always with the sorrowful, was the founder of the Christian religion. There is comfort for the poor and unhappy and a warning for the rich and those overconfident in their own wisdom, judgment and power in the Bible. *'Go to, now, ye rich men, weep and howl for your miseries that shall come upon you. ^'Your riches are corrupted and your garments are motheaten. **Your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be a witness against you, and shall eat your flesh as it were fire. Ye have heaped treasure together for the last days. *' Behold the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: And the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth. *'Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth and been wanton; ye have nourished your hearts as in a day of slaughter. ' ' If a man appears on this earth with a new idea of kindness, a message of hope for the poor, a plan to take the burden and the sorrow from the backs of the weak, he is mocked and jeered by those that consider themselves wise. It is a good thing for the overcon- fident who sneer at hope and earnestness to read in 99 the Bible of the jeers and the insults poured out by those that surrounded Christ dying: *'And they that passed by reviled Him, wagging their heads. "And saying, *Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God come down from the cross.' "Likewise also the chief priests, mocking Him, with, the scribes and elders, said: " 'He saved others; Himself he cannot save. If He be the King of Israel, let Him now come down from the cross and we will believe Him. " 'He trusted in God; let Him deliver Him now; if He will have Him ; for He said, I am the Son of God. ' * ' The thieves also, which were crucified with Him, cast the same in His teeth.'* Every Bible class, and every man and woman in or out of a Bible class, should study that last scene in the earthly life of Christ. The brutality and ignorance of the mob that demanded the freedom of Barabbas, the political agitator, when they might have freed and heard Christ; the journey to the hill outside Jerusalem called Golgotha, meaning "the skull"; the poor women collecting money to buy and give to the condemned a drink that should stupefy them and diminish pain, and the touching picture of Christ, putting the rim of the cup to His lips and refusing to drink, refusing to diminish the sorrow and horrible suffering that He had willingly brought upon Himself for the sake of others. In all the history of the world there is no picture such as that on Golgotha, the patient, upturned face of the sufferer destined to change the world, the Roman soldiers at the foot of the cross gambling for His scanty 100 garments, the rabble hooting, the thieves on either side denouncing Him because the miracle they hoped for did not come ; the faithful women, Mary Cleopahs, Mary of Magdala, Joanna, wife of Khouza, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, watching patiently until death should come, and give His body back to them. Many are the wonderful scenes of heroism and self- sacrifice painted in history by men willing to die for the truth. But there is nothing to compare with that one great picture, the crucifixion and the last words of Christ: *' Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." Until a man has studied the character of Christ, and the effect of His teachings, no other study is worth while. Unless a man possesses a deep religious feeling, no other feeling is worth while. A philosopher, drunk with his own conceit and scientific research, may say of the Divine Being: **I have no need of that hypothesis. ' ' But the boast is false. Every wonder in Nature, and every proof of permanent, unchanging justice and law, demonstrate that there is need of that ''hypothesis." Religious feeling opens the mind, lifts the spirit fron the earth, changes man from a selfish animal to a cosmic being in sympathy and in touch with universal life and thought. Pity the man who is the centre of his own universe, and who fails to realize that thought is given us to study and revere the infinite with which religion alone can bring us into contact and spiritual fellow- ship. 101 The Desert of Time Wasted *'// ojily the years would come hacTc again, and "bring their chances once more." Thai is the cry of millions of remorseful, disappointed men. The cry is vain. The hand of time writes and passes on. We cannot call it iack. But regret for time wasted can become a power for good in the time that remains. And the time that remains is time enough, if we will only stop the waste and the idle, useless regretting. Don't "Waste Time. Those three words should be in the mind of every man every day. They should be repeated over and over in every pulpit, newspaper, public school, in every family group. Only one thing we have — time. In time we live, and do our work. And time we waste like spendthrifts, forgetting its value and our small supply. Wasted time is a great desert, its presiding genius a silent, cold, heartless sphinx of death. On the sands of that desert of wasted time are scattered the bones of failures and the footsteps that led nowhere. Don't waste your time. Don't waste it in idleness; don't waste it in regretting the time already wasted; don't waste it in dissipation; don't waste it in resolu* Mons a thousand times repeated, never to be carried ut. 102 Don 't waste your time. Use it. Sleep and work, rest and think. Save part of the time of yesterday by saving part of the money earned yesterday. Money earned in days past is the time of days past. Save the time of tomorrow by planning to use it care- fully, thoroughly and systematically. The best of us have already wasted time enough for the creating of a dozen reputations, for the doing of ten times as much work as we ever shall do. Time is wasted that devotes itself to thought of time wasted. Don't waste time. Remember that however much time you may have wasted already, you have thne enough left if you will use it. The old man has no excuse for mourning chances that are gone forever. No chances are gone forever while life and time remain. You have seen the rising sun and the setting sun. They look different to you, but the difference is in your imagination. The rising sun is the sun of youth, and the setting sun is the sun of age. One is like the other. The rising sun, like the setting sun, gives heat and light to the earth and beauty to the clouds. And no man can tell the difference between a photograph of the sun that is rising and the sun that is setting, or the difference between paintings of the two if the paintings are accurate. 103 The rising sun seems to ns full of hope, life and promise. The clouds that the rising sun paints and illumines seem full of beauty and freshness unknown to the clouds of the later day. The setting sun seems tired, the farewell rays seem different from the early rays that tell of the coming day. But the difference is in our mvnds. In the morning we are fresh, full of ambition and hope, and our eyes see things in one way. In the evening we are tired, some illusions have gone, and the tired eyes see different colors and different lights. Actually, sunset and sunrise are the same. And actually, the beginning and the end of life are the same as regards power and possibility, if we can only see things as they are, not be discouraged, and not deceived by hours and years that have passed. Your time in the day is as good as ever it was. The sun's light as the sun goes down is as bright as the light when the sun comes up. What you could do with your hours forty years ago, you can do in those hours now, if you vnU, Don't waste time. If all of your life is ahead of you, plan to use it all, and begin with the present hour. If half of your life is gone, plan to make the remain- ing half as useful as the whole life would have been without the determination, the incentive and the knowl- edge of age. 104 You know when you are wasting tiiue. You can stop the waste if you will. Begin now to save and use your only real possession. Time slips through your fingers like sand through the fingers of a child on the seashore. Each grain of sand is an hour, and each handful is a year. What others have done you can do if you will. Time enough is still ahead of you. The last days are as good as the first if you refuse to believe in any difference. Whether your sun be rising or setting, use the hours of light and opportunity that remain. Soon the night, the darkness and the cold will come. All the sand of time will have run through your fingers, and your chance in this life will be ended. '*Work, for the night is coming, when man^s work is done." Between hours of reading think steadily. Thinking to reading is like gastric juice to the food. Eeading mthout thought is utterly profitless. Every man is knocked down at least once. It is sr*itting up that tests a man. Of all weaknesses, the worst, most dangerous, is fear. It takes a long while for an idea to sink through the human skuU. 105 You Must Do Your Own Climbing The steps are high aiid hroad, and the climl) is a long one — to REAL SUCCESS. This is the country of success; we hear endless talk about it. Talk varies from simple advice concerning Lincoln, who had only a few books, few chances, but made the best use of them, all the way up to complicated recipes for succeeding, given out by gentlemen of get-rich schemes. Certain men whom we call successful, meaning that they have money, have "succeeded" without industry. They are gamblers. Wall Street geniuses, or others who with tricks have got the better of their fellow men, hut they are not successful. Men of the same stamp have succeeded, even without sobriety or honesty. But even such success as theirs demands certain qualities. They must have, at least temporarily, self- denial. They must hold themselves back, husband their resources, keep themselves in hand until they have achieved the end in view. To tell a young man that he needs certain qualities is wasting your time — except as you may direct attention to the possibility of developing in himself the essentials of success. The late Collis P. Huntington, asked to advise a young man, said: *'Take ten thousand dollars and go 106 into the business of raising rubber trees/' The young man said: **I have not got ten thousand dollars." Mr. Huntington said : * ' Well, go and get it before you come to me for advice.'* The great railroad man's attitude is much like that of the ordinary adviser of the young. He says, **Be honest, be industrious, be self-denying, be courageous, patient, sober" — but he does not tell him how he can he these things. To make a real success you must have, first of all, industry — the faculty for hard work. That quality is greater than all others put together. And you can cultivate that quality in yourself. Map out what you are going to do each day, and do it. Never let yourself get into the habit of leaving a thing unfiiiished. It is hard ; for some it is almost impossible. But if you urill it, you can make yourself a hard worker eventually. You must do that — it is the first step. Self-denial is a matter of self -education. Instead of putting your mind on the question, **How can I amuse myself or dress myself?" say to yourself, ^^Whai can I do without?" Self-denial is not important simply because it saves your money — it is especially important because it saves your tinie and your vitality. Sobriety is, of course, a part of self-denial. If you don't smoke excessively or at all, if you don't drink excessively or at all — ^you save money and you save vitality. If you don't pay foolish attention to dress — only neatness and common sense are necessary to success — you save time and 107 thouglit that many put on useless worrying about their personal appearance. And most important in the line of self-denial perhaps is to make yourself not worry about what others think of you. Try to earn the approval of those worth while, and dismiss from your mind the opinion of the crowd that means nothing to you and can do nothing for you. More men waste time and worry on the opinions of others than would make them successful if they could be indifferent to public opinion. Enthusiusm is one gi'eat factor in success. It is important especially because it helps a man to get a start. Unfortunately, enthusiasm is a quality most difficult to cultivate. It is a part of a man's own self, like his dark hair or regular features, or wide shoulders. Yet even enthusiasm can be cultivated, and it should be cultivated. Begin by getting out of your mind the critical, complaining, dissatisfied feelings. That is like pulling the weeds out of a field. If you can get out of your brain foolish feelings of complaint, of mortified vanity, you will be clearing the field for enthusiasm to grow. Enthusiasm is largely a matter of vitality, health and strength. Get up in the morning after eight hours' sleep, and you will be enthusiastic — ready to attack any proposi- tion. Get up with five hours' sleep after a night fool- ishly spent, and you will have no strength for enthusi- asm. Cultivate your strength, save it, and train your- 108 self to look enthusiastically and hopefully at the world, scorning its difficulties. Honesty has been talked of ever since the writing of the Ten Commandments, and long before. There are many false reputations, and not a few big fortunes, built on dishcniesty. There are some men who might haye been rich if they had been dishonest, but who are poor now. But be sure that real success comes only to the honest man, to the man who thinks and works and treats other men honestly. Whatever you do has got to he done dhsolutely hy the exercise of your own will power: if you deceive yourself, blaming others instead of yourself, you will never get aJiead. You must he your own most severe judge. It is not sufficient to wish for success or to admire the qualities that make success. You must develop those qualities and use them. There is one feature of real success about which we shall say little. That is unselfishness. It is the greatest, highest quality of all — although the usual talkers on success do not mention it. Unselfishness enters into our modern calculations but little. Yet, any man who would be truly great in his achievements must have for in- spiration an unselfish desire to be of use to other men. He may pile up millions, but he will not be one of the world's really great men unless guided by the con- sciousness that a man's first duty and last duty is to try to make others better off and happier for his having lived on the earth. Where ''the fire of talent smoulders," it usually bursts into fiame and shows itself. 109 Be Grateful to the Power That "Pulls" You A man lelieves that he is pulling a tig load, when he is simply part of the harness. Another and higger power is pulling him. Draw in your mind this picture of a performance at the circus. A wagon is heavily loaded with twenty human beings. Traces are bound to the loaded wagon and are fastened to the arms of a young man. That man with only Ms own strength could not possibly pull the load. But in front of the young man stands a carefully trained elephant. For that elephant, able to pull three freight cars, the load is nothing. The elephant is harnessed, and the traces fastened to his powerful shoulders are united in a soft, carefully cushioned pad at the back of the performer's neck. When all is ready the partner of the man hitched to the wagon gives the order to the elephant. If the big animal should move too rapidly, if he should fail to start slowly and gently, he might possibly break the performer's neck. But, intelligent as well as powerful, the big beast leans slowly forward until he has set the wheels of the wagon rolling, then goes along at a slow walk, pulling the man, who in his turn pulls the wagon. It may seem almost unbelievable that a man could stand this strain upon the back of his neck, and that 110 with the muscles of his arms he could pull this heavily loaded wagon, even with the elephant pulling him. But there is no difficulty about it. Any young man of ordinary strength could perform this feat — the principal thing was to have the idea, and to realize how fascinating it would be to the public to watch the elephant pulling the man by the neck, and the man pulling a wagon and twenty human beings with his arms. If at play in a tug-of-war you have pulled against a number of other men, you know that the muscles of the body are capable of withstanding a strain much greater than that which they are capable of exerting. For instance, if you have in your nerves and muscles and in the leverage of your body power enough to pull one thousand pounds, you could easily pull, as this man does, several times as much if there were a power ahead of you dragging you on. The only thing necessary is to have the elephant hitched up in front to do the pulling. Take away the elephant and the harness back of the man's neck, and you would see, apparently, a marvelous thing. You would see one slightly built young man pulling twenty others. If you saw this without seeing the elephant — if the elephant and his harness were made invisible, and you saw this young man walking around drawing such a load — you would believe in miracles or believe that the man had some force above humanity. Many a man gets the credit for pulling a load that he is not pulling at all. Many a man seems to be doing something very won- 111 derful when in reality another man — another mind, not visible in the work, but actually at the work — does the hea^-y pulling. You may see the salesman, the editor, the floor walker^, the engineer, the architect — any kind of a man engaged in any kind of work — apparently doing something wonderful. Yet he is not doing it all. An unseen power — another man, another brain, perhaps some little man with a small body and a big head, who keeps out of sight — is doing the real work. Many of us have elephants — big, strong, but unseen — pulling us. "We ought at least to be grateful to the elephant — give him a fair chance— ^since he does the hardest work — and do our part, big or little, in the general performance. It would be a good thing if many young men working in all departments of activity in America should occa- sionally feel gratitude toward the big elephant, the big man, the one whose power and experience pull them along, and do what they can to encourage him, to deserve his help and the benefit that they get from his pulling. Every one of us without exception is pulled along or piisJied ahead by some force unseen. It may be the man in the inside office, usually invisible. It may be the woman at home setting a good example, giying to the man at work the inspiration and the power that no one else could give. 112 Charles M. Schwab "The steps are high and broad, and the climb is a long one— to REAL SUCCESS." Charles Schivab, master of America's greatest industrial enterprise, luas not afraid to under- take the climb. Step by step he rose from the bottom by hard nvork, self-denial and courage. [_See page io6] It may be paternal affection, enabling a man to do for a weak child what he could not possibly do for himself. Very often the power is one that has long disappeared from the earth, a father or a mother whose energy and inspiration persist and do in the life of the son at work what the elephant does in the circus picture. We are all of us pushed or pulled, all of us indebted to a power above our own and beyond our own. And we should all at least be grateful, from the small clerk who is made secure, protected in his daily living by a man working himself to death at the head of the firm, to the man of genius, so called, who owes the power that the world admires to a mother unseen and unremembered. Don't forget the elephant that pulls you; he grateful. In this way you can add to your own force, and perhaps in time become the power that shall pull others. An interesting fact, announced by the Health Board of N. Y. For every inhabitant of New York there is one rat. The rat population of the globe is greater than the human population by far. A builder of railroads is a builder of civilization. He brings men together, frees them from slavery by making machines do the work. 1)3 Thought and Spirit What we call "thought" is spirit expressed through the brain of man. A READER asks: *'Do you consider spirit and thought as identical, or is thought the outcome of spirit united -with matter?" Readers will be interested in talking over among them- selves the interesting, intelligent question. Half an hour of intelligent discussion developing in- dividual thought is often better than many hours of reading. You may have seen Rodin 's marble statue called * ' The Thinker." Thought and its work include all the achievements of man. Compare spirit and thought to the genius of the musician and the sound which issues from the musical instrument. What the instrument is to the musician the brain of man is to the spirit that inspires thought. However great the musician, his genius must depend for its expression upon the instrument which gives it reality in the physical world, through sound waves pro- duced in the material atmosphere, striking nerves that 'iarry mu>sic to the brain. Give Paderewski a pianc out of tune and he can give you only discord and lack of harmony. Or give to Paganini, the greatest violinist that ever lived, a violin c:it of tune, and in spite of the genius of the musician 114 you will hear only hideous, disagreeable sounds. The spirit of music must have the right instruments for its expression. The spirit that inspires thought, the spirit of man, must have the right brain for its expression. The more complicated and highly developed the instru-. ment, the more displeasing to the ear is the result when the instrument is out of tune. A violin is infinitely worse than a banjo when both are out of tune, and the banjo worse than the tom-tom of the savage. Among human beings a highly developed brain out of tune — for instance, the insane ravings of a powerful genius like Nietzsche, with his mind broken down — is infinitely more painful and shocking than in the case of a human being with a mind in comparison feeble and simple. Our minds are so little accustomed to deal with the abstract, we live so much in the material world, inanimate objects have so much meaning for us that many human beings live and die without ever thinking at all of the spirit, yet the spirit is the only real thing in the universe. And thought is the expression of spirit, working through a more or less imperfect human brain. Bring yourself to think for some time earnestly of the nature and mysterious power of spirit. There is no thought more inspiring, fascinating, bewildering. Consider the Falls of Niagara, with their tremendous power, the vast moving machinery, the cities that are lighted, the blazing streets, the moving cars, all due, apparently, to the power in Niagara. Yet not due to 115 that power in reality so much as to spirit expressed in the thought of man. It was spirit that harnessed Niagara. It was spirit that transferred the power of the FaUs to distant cities. Yet that spirit has neither shape nor weight, size nor color, taste nor smell. You ask a man ''What is the spirit?" and he must answer that it is nothing, since it occupies no space, and cannot be seen or felt. And yet he must answer also that the spirit is every- thing. The world only exists as it is because we see it in the eyes of the spirit. The optic nerve takes a picture, sends it to the brain and the spirit sees the picture. It was spirit acting on the brain of Columbus, and through him upon others, that brought the first ship to America. It is spirit working and expressing itself through the thought of brains more and more highly developed that has gradually brought man from his low and vile condition of savagery to his present comparative degree of civilization. And that same spirit, working in future ages through brains infinitely superior to any that we can conceive, will establish real harmony on this planet. Do not say to yourself that this is an abstract dis- cussion, unworthy the attention of serious men. What are you but a spirit ? You have your hands, your feet, your face, your clothing, your money, your work. But all that is nothing, except for the spirit that lives inside of you, the force which alone is you. In your life there is a spirit, your own, which hovers above you or dweUs within you, or influences you perhaps from its home irillions of miles away. You can tell nothing about it. Yet you know that that spirit exists, and that it is 116 yon, and tliat except for that spirit which animates yon, picks you np when you fall, inspires you in success and comforts you in failure and misfortune, there would be nothing at all in this life, and you would not be different from one of the stones in the field or one of the dummies that the tailor sets in front of his store. Compare the spirit and the material world as you see it with the genius that dwells in the brain of a great painter and the works which that painter has to do. Every statue, painting and church that Michael Angelo created already existed in his spirit. But the spirit could not be content with that existence. It had to visualize itself, it had to see itself created. The spirit really lives completely only when it sees itself reflected in the material world. So it is with all of us on a big or little scale. All the mother love is in the spirit of woman. But it has complete existence only when the mother holds the child in her arms and sees in reality, in flesh and blood, the being that she loves and has created. The achievements of the greatest men were all locked up within them from the first, but the spirit of such men can reach full realization only when the spirit, acting through the brain and expressing itself through thought, creates the work. Every man should think of himself from time to time, not as a hundred and fifty or two hundred pounds of bone, flesh and muscle, but as the working instrument, on this earth, of an inspiring immortal spirit. Every one of us should do his best to permit his spirit to find true expression through good thought and useful action. "We know that all useful work is the result of sound thought. If we realize that thought itself is the expres- sion of the spirit, we are moved by a sense of duty to give to that spirit the best possible expression of which we are capable, the best chance that it can have, dwelling in imperfect bodies and speaking through im- perfect minds such as those we possess. It is an inspiration to realize that men here on earth, gradually improving, becoming less animal and more spiritual as the centuries pass, are destined to develop in their own physical bodies, instruments capable of interpreting properly the spirit that animates us. Human beings improve from generation to generation — that we know. The improvement is due to the affec- tion of fathers and mothers for each other and for their children. This race of ours one hundred thousand years ago was made up of animal-like creatures, with huge, pro- jecting jaws, enormous teeth, small foreheads and hideously shaped bodies. Gradually through the cen- turies we have changed, the brute has gradually dis- appeared, the prognathous face of man has become flatter. The jaw has gone in, the forehead has come out, and in that forehead, gradually, thanks to the devotion and patient labor of women, we are developing a brain that will ultimately give decent and adequate expression to spirit. To many this question, **Are spirit and thought iden- tical?" may seem uninteresting? if not foolish. 118 But that question would seem infinitely more foolish to two pigs dozing in their sty. A pig would say, * * What do I care about spirit or about thought? I care about swill and about nice soft mud." There are some human beings who approach that mental attitude. But there are, fortunately, many others who will be grateful to the reader who sends the question at the head of this editorial. Spirit and thought are identical in the sense that the genius of the musician and the sound that you hear when his music is played are identical. In music the sound represents and interprets the musician's spirit. And the interpretation and the accuracy of that interpretation depend upon the orchestra, the violin or the piano. When the instruments are out of tune it is not the genius or the musician, but a mis- representation that you hear. And with our human brains, most of them out of tune, most of them incapable of expressing anything but the merest, faintest reflection of true spiritual life, there is as yet very little harmony. But it will come. There have appeared on this earth a few men and a great many women incapable of a selfish thought, gladly sacrificing everything to duty, giving up their lives readily for the truth or patiently enduring long lives of dulness and sorrow for the sake of others. Through such men and women the spirit has spoken clearly. And in days to come the human race mill he made up of men and women of that kind. 119 Through the perfected brain of man, the cosmic spirit, in which each of us is a conscious atom, will speak clearly, and then this earth, our little corner in the universe, will be truly harmonious, governed by the spirit distinctly expressed and instantly obeyed. Make a man think and he will take care of the devil. A woman's first thought, always, is for the welfare of children. DO NOT STARVE CHILDREN You wouldn't expect a full day's plowing from a horse if it had been starved as a colt. You needn't expect a full day's work from a human being if it has been half starved as a child. 120 Do Our Souls Come Back and Live in Other Bodies? The doctrine of reincarnation says "yes." That doctrine wo^lld certainly promote charity, human solidarity. Hundreds of millions of human beings believe that after death our souls return here and enter other bodies. In India, Japan and elsewhere it is thought that the soul of a human being sometimes enters the body of an inferior animal. Many a religious person in those countries refrains from killing a fly or lizard, lest he should destroy his own great-grandmother. In this belief of reincarnation a system of rewards and punishments is bound up. It is thought that wicked men's souls are sent back to inhabit the bodies of low animals — the very wicked man is sent back to inhabit the body of a woman. For a soul to go through existence in a woman's body is looked upon as a great calamity — and none need wonder at that who is acquainted with life in India, where poor little girls are married at nine, ten, or even younger, where the widows until lately were burned alive when their husbands died, where life is generally made a nightmare for w^omankind. There is a great deal of speculation everywhere today as to the destiny of the soul, and the possibility of its coming back to work here in some other body. 121 MaEO' men among those religiously inclined, and even among clergymen, do not accept literally the Jewish conception of Heaven. Many are inclined to think that men are put here to do some actual, useful work on earth, and not merely on probation previous to their entrance to an eternal home of solid gold, jaspar, etc. This writer has no theory to offer in realms where both reason and experience fail. But the reincarnation theory might produce good results under modified conditions. In olden days, vicious men used to reform and behave, in their old age, because they were anxious about going to Heaven — worried by disagreeable stories of the other place. If we could all believe that as soon as we die, or shortly after, our souls come back to inhabit the body of some new-born child, we might take a charitable view of other people's needs, and plan very industri- ously for the welfare of the next generation. Many a rich man on his way to the train or boat drives through the slums of a great city and looks, absent-minded or indifferent, at the children in the streets, tired, hot, ill-fed, and uncared for. He might look differently at those children if he could be made to believe that a few short years would find him a tenant in one of their wasted, underfed bodies. The rich woman wearing her fine apparel, regardless of the tired hands and the aching eyes that put it together, might interest herself in the sewing girl, if 122 she thought that a few years would find her back on earth and at work in a stuffy sweat-shop room. The selfish plutocrat who has built up his millions from public franchises spends a life in which devotion to others has no part, and dies, leaving all to ruin the two or three children that he leaves behind him. His will might read differently if he believed that his soul, going out the back door of life, through death^ would instantly come back through the front door in the body of some baby. There would be no trouble in getting plenty of fina maternity hospitals for poor women and children if the rich believed in the reincarnation theory — no trouble in getting playgrounds, or comfortable nurseries where working mothers could leave their babies during the day. If the enormously rich men could be made to believe in reincarnation, they would realize that, as the poor outnumber the rich a hundred to one, so the chances of their being rich in the next existence would be only one in a hundred, and all their plans would change. The millionaire who now thinks out a fine sarco- phagus with a fine mausoleum for himself, and a careful tying up of his fortune to keep it away from the mass of the people, would as a reincarnationist think more of the millions of poor children and less about his own funeral pomp. The most beautiful of all religions, that which in its spirit will last forever, no matter how far men may progress morally, is the religion preached by Christ 123 '^'becaMse it conwiand'ed men to devote themselves im- selfishly to the welfare of others. The real Christian needs no selfish urging born of a belief in reincarnation. He is bound to work for others, to protect poor children, to sympathize with unfortunate women, apart from any personal interest. But the real Christian is not a numerous product of civilization. There is a great deal of talk about a new religion — new religions of various kinds spring up every year. If some able man will give a great boom to the theory of reincarnation, making every man believe that a few years will find him in the place of the most unfortunate of mortals, we may get results that the preaching of abstract unselfishness does not always produce. *' History," says Henry Ford, *'is bunk." This will startle the ghosts of Gibbon, Michelet, Froude, Buckle, Parton and others who thought they were doing useful works. Education means to lead or bring out of the child that which is in the child. Ideal education is shown in the kindergarten, where children learn as they sing and play. Not popular with those in office who dislike to be disturbed, but valuable to the people, is the man who tells the truth, remembering that the official is a hired man, not an autocrat. 124 ♦*WeIl, it's Just a Friendly Game" *'We all quit about even, nobody came out ahead,** They were coining down in the elevator together, not very early, not very late. They were packed in one corner. It was the hour when the crowd — ordinary, semi-failures — go home from their work. These were typical, everyday human beings. Their coats were not very warm, not very new, yet fairly respectable. Their faces were the ordinary kind, not much con- centration — *'no speculation," as Macbeth says of the ghost of Banquo^s eyes in ''Macbeth." They belonged to the class that get along somehow, dodging halfway between poverty and prosperity, just managing to live, while others are going up and making themselves secure. This was the conversation that the rest of the car overheard : **Well, what kind of a game do you play?" '^Oh, just a little friendly game. We play ten-eent limit a couple of hours every night. It's always the same crowd of us, a good jolly crowd, all friends. It's a little ten-cent game, un- til a little while before we break up, then we have a few twenty- five cent jackpots all around." ''How do you come out; who wins the dough?" (We quote this conversation verbatim.) *'0h, nobody wins in the long run. One of the boys started in 125 once to keep track of the game and see who came out ahead, but we found at the end of a few weeks it evened itself up, it was just a case of the boys letting each other hold their money for a while, and then getting it back." The man who runs the elevator said, *^ Ground floor —all out." The two men who spend two hours so charmingly each evening got cut and went their way. That conversation is so ordinary that it bores you. You have heard the same talk a thousand times. What is the value of the two or three hours that are spent in the ordinary miscalled '^friendly game"? In the first place, there is no friendly gambling. There is a hypocrisy which calls the gambling * 'friendly." But those who play know perfectly well that they play with a keen desire to win. The man in the * 'friendly game" spends two hours or more risking the money that his family needs. Hc^ has been wasting his own time and his own chances. We should like to ask the young men who waste their time on * 'friendly games" whether they have ever thought what it is that makes success. The man who succeeds, to begin with, is he who puts his vital energy into his work. Each man has within himself only a certain limited amount of energy. In that respect he is like a dynamo in a power house. If his energy is used up in one way, for instance, in the aimless concentration of a poker game, it cannot be used in another way that might bring real success. 126 The successful man's attention, vitality and interest are centred on his important, hard work. The foolish man looking forward to his poker game in the evening, or looking forward to some other kind of useless dissipation, is simply looking forward to the opportunity of losing and wasting his chance. If that young man in the elevator would go to his home, eat his dinner, talk for a short time with one or two friends — ^not trying to win their money like a drunken Indian on the plains — then read for awhile some book of real value and go to bed, looking forward w-ith interest to his work of the next day, as he now looks forward to his poker game, he would be the coming man in his office. If the recording angel could look down — or up, depending on the earth's position in its revolution — on all the "friendly" poker games in America, he would be able to make a very good and accurate list of the future failures of the United States. A man who, after early youth, continues to waste his time with cards amounts to little ordinarily. But even the card players, the poor, siUy geese of the friendly poker games, could succeed. If the men who play poker or gamble on the races, with waste of time in studying: horses, could put into their work the real energy that they waste in gambling, these men would he successful. Outside of the lunatic asylums and the homes for idiots, almost every human being has the possibility of some success inside of him. It is not stupendous genius that makes the ordinary 127 successful man. The men of millions are not men with brains constructed in some unusual way. And the more worthy and decent successful men — those who work unselfishly for others with good results — are not really different from their fellow human beings. Each of us contains in himself enough force a/iid energy to m-ake him succeed. But the difficulty for each of us is to use his power in the right way. There is enough energy wasted in poker to make a hundred thousand successful men every year. The ingenuity foolish young men display in trying to get money to bet on races would make them really successful in starting a business of their own, if they could use that energy in the right way. There is plenty of energy, plenty of desire to succeed, in this world. But there are too many men like those in the elevator whom we spoke of at the beginning of this article. There are too many who put the crumbs of their real vitality into their work, and put the whole loaf into their dissipations. They play cards, they make one day and lose the next. They spend in proportion to their exceptional winnings which keeps them poor. They stint, and often lie and cheat and steal, in proportion to what they lose, which makes them worthless. And in the end the '^friendly game" in which they think that they neither win nor lose means that they lose absolutely their chance in life, and cannot possibly win anything. Keep away from friendly games, and all gambling 128 Madame Curie "What are ive here for? We are here to find our ivork and do it, to realize our duty and do it." Madame Curie has found her ivork — ^without thought of money or fame; she has helped mil- lions by her discovery of radium and her tire- less research. \^See page ^j] games. Don't try to get something without effort, or without giving something in return. Remember that the force you throw away in dissipa- tion will make you successful in real work if you will only compel yourself to be a worker. Genius itself— keep that always in mind — is **a capacity for taking infinite pains.'' We can't all be geniuses, but we can all take infinite pains if we will. And by taking pains we can be fairly successful men, entitled to our own respect and to the respect of others, even though we may not turn out to be geniuses. No man walks to success on velvet carpet all the way. He is to be pitied who does not know it. Fate is a big blustering bully, and like all bullies easily conquered if you make up your mind that he shall not conquer you. 129 Imagination is Power Develop it, encourage it, ESPECIALLY IN THE TOUNa. It is the chief asset of the human brain. Once more about the power of imagination. Child- hood is beautiful and valuable to humanity because it is the period of strongest imagination. The imagination of the child is the forerunner of the accomplishments of the man. Happy the child that has for friend an old, sympathetic, encouraging mind, one eager to de- velop, slow to rebuke or discourage. Fortunate the boy who sees visions, lives in the mind, dreams of a great past and a beautiful future. Such a boy promises honor and reward to the father and mother that have made sacrifices for him. Like color and perfume in a flower, the fruit of a tree, imagination is the highest, noblest attribute of a human being. It is the quality that sees truths by intuition, that carries the mind flying through space, the forerunner of all useful , material achievements of human beings. Even in our humble animal brothers we feel that delight in the unreal plays its part. We feel that the eagle or the chamois is taken to his lofty peaks by some superior quality of spirit, that the hog, content in his mudhole, represents absence of imagination that lifts the living creature above earth and mud. And it is a fact #hat, as you take imagination from men, you bring them nearer to that dull, wallowing animal in its sty. 130 Does anyone doubt that imagination, intangible, visionary, without real existence, is the necessary fore- runner, the creator of everything that we have worth while f There are hundreds of milHons of fertile acres occu- pied by human beings here in the United States. There are millions of comfortable homes. It is a wonderful nation. "What created it? Was it the dull, plodding, unimaginative individual putting one brick upon an- other, adding one street to another, one dollar ta another ? Not at all. This nation, these two continents, north and south, with all their accomplishments, and all their promise, were born in the imagination of that sailor, Columbus, whose mvnd and vision broke away from the old routine and planned a new way. And our great West — do you suppose that was the work of the dull materialists, the Puritans with their rum for the Indians, their jails for those of different religious belief, their love of money and their ideas of freedom, which quickly took the form of oppression for all others than themselves? No. The West, its mines, mountains, rivers, wealth and homes are due to the imagination of the pioneers, the vision of the old frontiersmen. What is greatness? Find it where you please, select it where you please, you cannot separate it from imagination's creative power. Three men in the world's literature are great above all others — Homer, Dante and Shakespeare. Their greatness is made up of imagination, and nothing else. 131 The simple tale of the old Greek, the complicated tripTT vision of the wonderful Italian, the magnificently ex- pressed ambition of the great English poet, are all fabrics of pure imagination. In **The Tempest" Shakespeare gives to Prospero words really intended to describe his own work. How beautifully imaginative those words are, and how well they describe the work that imagination alone can do, in poetry, in music, or in the wonderful works of science itself — **I have be-dimm'd The noon-t?de Sun, call'd forth the mutinous Winds, And 'twixt the green Sea and the azur'd Vault Set roaring war: To the dread rattling Thunder Have I given fire, and rifted Jove's stout Oak With his own Bolt: The strong-bas'd Promontory Have I made shake; and by the spurs pluck 'd up The Pine and Cedar. Graves at my command Have wak'd their sleepers; op'd, and let 'em forth By my so potent Art." Readers, old or young, be workers, for the daily work is the daily bread, but he also dreamers, seers of visions, makers of plans, believers in greater possibilities. Cling to your imagination, to the power of planning and hoping and believing. The man who has lost the power of imagination has lost the power to do anything new. That which we call a genius can best be defined as the rare individual combining the actual accomplish- ments of manhood and experience with the marvelous color and life-giving imagination of the child. 132 Benito Mussolini "Fear dreads tlie light, and knoivledge is the only light." Mussolini has banished fear from his heart — ivhether yon approve of him or not, you must admit his tremendous success based upon courage and the dissemination of knoiul- edge. \_See page 95] We Long For Immortal Imper- fection — We Can't Have It All our longings for immortalitj', all our plans fof immortal life are based on the hope that Divine Provi- dence will condescend to let us live in another world as we live here. Each of us wants to be himself in the future life, and to see his friends as he knew them. We want to preserve individuality forever and ever, when the stars shall have faded away and the days of matter ended. But what is individuality except imperfection? You are different from Smith, Smith is different from Jones. But it is simply a difference of imperfect construction. One is more foolish than another, one is more irre- sponsibly moved to laughter or anger — that constitutes his personality. Remove our imperfections and we should all be alike — smooth off all agglomerations of matter on all sides and everything would be spherical. What would be the use of keeping so many of us if we were all perfect, and therefore all alike? One talks through his nose, one has a deep voice. But shall kind Providence provide two sets of wings for nose talkers and chest talkers? Why not make the two into one good talker and save one pair of wings? Why not, in fact, keep just one perfect sample, and let all the rest placidly drift back to nothingness? Or, better, why not take all the goodness that there is in all 133 the men and women that ever were and melt it all down into one cosmic human being? The rain drops, the mist and the sprays of Niagara all go back to the ocean in time. Possibly we all go back at the end to the sea of divine wisdom, whence we were sent forth to do, well or badly, our little work down here: Future punishment ? We think not. One drop of water revives the wounded hero — another helps to give wet feet and consumption to a little child. It all depends on circumstances. Both drops go back to the ocean. There is no rule that sends the good drop to heaven and the other to boil forever and ever in a sulphur pit. Troubles beset us when we think of a future state and our reason quarrels always with our longings. "We all want — in heaven — to meet Voltaire with his very thin legs. But we cannot believe that those skinny shanks are to be immortal. We shall miss the snuff and the grease on Sam Johnson's collar. If an angel comes up neat and smiling and says ** Permit me to introduce myself — I am the great lexicographer, '^ we shall say ''Tell that to some other angel. The great Samuel was dirty and wheezy, and I liked him that way. ' ' And children. The idea of children in heaven flying about with their little fluffy wings is fascinating. But would eternal childhood be fair to them? If a babe dies while teething, shall it remain forever toothless? 134 How shall its mother know it if it is allowed to grow up? Listen to Heine — ^that marvelous genius of the Jew- ish race: * ' Yes, yes I You talk of reunion in a transfigured shape. What would that be to me? I knew him in his old brown surtout, and so I would see him again. Thus he sat at table, the salt cellar and pepper caster on either hand. And if the pepper was on the right and the salt on the left hand he shifted them over. I knew him in a brown surtout, and so I would see him again." Thus he spoke of his dead father. Thus many of us think and speak of those that are gone. How foolish to hope for the preservation of what is imperfect! How important to have faith and to feel that reality will surpass anticipation, and that whatever is will be the best thing for us and satisfy us utterly. 135 The Existence of God — Parable of the Blind Kittens The notion that small things, the petty details of life, such as money getting, marriage questions, etc., are uppermost in the modern human brain is entirely false. If an editor asks: **Is marriage a failure?'' he receives just so many answers, and then the interest dies out. If he asks: ** Should a wife have pin money?'* or ''What is the easiest waj for a woman to earn a liv- ing?" he ceases to receive answers after a short time. But to questions concerning the immortality of the soul, the existence of God, and man's destiny here and hereafter, the answers are endless. Letters on such matters have been received here by thousands. Every day the mail brings new and intelligent contributions to the questions that have kept men praying, thinking, fighting and hoping through the centuries: "Is there a God, anc will my soul live forever?*' Very interesting are the expressions of faith which fill the majority of the letters. Interesting also are the letffers of doubters, atheists, agnostics and the many intoxicated with a very little knowledge, who have de- cided to substitute their own wisdom and doubt for the belief of the ages — the belief in God and in personal immortality. 136 Many think science has discovered that we could get on very well without a God. But science has done just the contrary. And here, if you please, we shall build up a sort of parable: A Man had a box full of motherless blind kittens. He was very kind to them. He put their box on wheels and moved it about to keep it in the sun. He gave them milk at regular intervals. With loving kindness he drove away the dog which growled and scared the little kittens into spitting and back-raising. The kittens trusted the man, loved him and felt that they needed him. That was the age of faith. One day a dog got a kitten and tore it to pieces. The kitten had disobeyed orders and laws. It had crawled away from the box. Another kitten, with one eye now partly open, got thoughtful and said : ^ ' There is no such thing as Man. Or, if there is sucli a thing, he is a monster to let little Willie get torn up. Don 't talk to me about Kitten Willie being a sufferer through his own fault. I say there is no such thing as a Man. We kittens are bosses of the universe and must do our own fighting.'* That speaker was the Ingersoll kitten. A kitten of higher mental class opened both eyes just a little and actually made observations. Said he: **I am a scientist. I discover that we owe nothing to Man's kindness. We are governed by laws. This box is on wheels. It rolls around in the sunlight of its own volition. True, I do not know who shoves it, but no Man could do it. Further, I discover that there is such a thing as the law of * milk-passing. ' 137 Milk comes this way just so often. Its coming is Nature 's law. It has always come. It always will come. Good-night, I am going to sleep. But don't talk to me any more about a kind Man. It's all law, and I am certainly great, for I saw the laws first. ' ' That was the Newton kitten, but he lacked the New. ton faith. We have no time to tell what the Darwin kitten said. He was very long-winded. But this happened. The kittens grew up — such as did not perish through their own fault. They got their eyes fully opened. They saw the Man, recognized him and asked onlj^ to be allowed to stay in his house. * * Excuse us, ' ' they said, * ' for being such foolish kittens. But you know our eyes were not quite open." ''Don't mention it," said the kind Man. **Go down cellar and help yourselves to mice." That's the end of the parable. We are all blind kittens, and our few attempts at explaining nature's wonders and kindness only get us into deeper and deeper mysteries. "We discover that the earth goes round the sun. But the greatest scientist must admit his inability to tell or guess why it goes. ''Give me the initial impulse," he says, "and all the rest is easy." The blind kittens in their wagon say: '*Give our wagon just one shove and we'll explain the rest." The kitten gets hold of a law of "milk-passing" and substitutes that for man's individual kindness. The feeble-minded agnostic seizes the law of gravi- 138 tation and thivJis he can discard God with gravity's help. But the great mind that defined gravity's law was a religious mind — too profound to see anything final in its own feeble power. Newton was no atheist. None better than he knew the mysterious character of his law. That it has worked from all eternity ** directly as the mass and inversely as the square of the distance" he knew and told his fellow-creatures. That is all he knew and all that any man knows about it. To-day Lord Kelvin, a worthy follower in Newton's steps, is asked to explain why gravity acts. He can only say: '*I accept no theory of gravitation. Present science has no right to attempt to explain gravitation. We know nothing about it. We simply know rwthing about it.'* Darwin asks, without answering his question: **Who can explain what is the essence of the attraction of gravitation ? ' ' To our doubting friends we say : Doubt if you must. But doubt intelligently and doubt first of all your own blind kitten wisdom. Remember that ycni at least know absolutely nothing. Study and think. Read. But don't let the half -developed wisdom of others choke your brain and leave you a mere clogged-up machine. "Whatever you do, never interfere with the faith of others. Spread knowledge, spread facts. Keep to your- self the doubts that would disturb others' happiness and do them no good. Tell what you know. Keep quiet about what you guess. 139 Have the Animals Souls? **For that which hefalleth the sons of men, hefalleth heasts; even one thing hefalleth them; as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no pre-emiiinice above a beast: for all is vanity. *'Who knoweth the spirit of man tlmt goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth." — Ecclea- tastes Hi., 19-21, The surface of the earth, the air as high as we can study it, the depths of the sea, swarm with animal life. The earth rolls around the sun bathed in its warm light. Millions of creatures die with every revolution of the little planet which is their home. And man *' going to and fro in the earth, and walking up and down in it" rules the little animals and the big ones and calls himself sole heir of immortality. He says: **For me this earth was made and balanced in its won- derful journey ; for me alone the marvels of future life are reserved." He digs up the strange creatures from the slimy depths of the ocean, studies and labels them. He dissects one animal to study his own diseases. He skins another to cover his feet with leather. He eats one ox and hitches its brother to the plough. He uses nature's explosive forces to bring down the bird on the wing. He sweeps the rivers with his nets. The stomach of the well-fed man is the graveyard of the animal kingdom. When his dinner is finished, the man well fed strokes his stomach contentedly and says to himself: 140 General Geo. W. Goethals "What men ivant to do, they can do." — Gen- eral Geo. W. Goethals refused to accept the verdict of previous generations that the Panama Canal could not he built. He ivanted to build it — and he did. All progress is based on the ivill to do a thing. \_See page 75] All is well. For I have a soul and they have none. They have died to feed me. I am happy and they should be satisfied. What is the nature of the spirit that directs our humble animal brothers and sisters? They cover the earth as long as we let them, give place to us as the human race increases, and, without any thought of organized resistance, die that we may live. Have tJiese animals souls f You have seen the bird grieving over the destruction of its nest. You have studied the pathetic eyes of the lost dog, and the sad submission of the tired, beaten horse. Is there not soul in those stricken creatures, and spiritual feeling deeper than that displayed by many men? First came all amm