St*** or> CKmon — / Wfyt ILibxavp of tfje 28niber£itj> of i^ortf) Carolina Collection of ffiottf) Carolmtana Cnbotoeb op STofm a>pnmt Sill #t tfje Class of 1889 ' 5 ■■■' SERMON * IN EXPOSITION OF THE SITUATION, WANTS AND PROSPECTS €\m\ k % giws* 0f pr$ itollw BY REV. JARVIS BUXTON, RECTOR OF TRINITY CHURCH, ASHETIIXE, N. C. POTT & AMERY, 5 & 13 COOPER UNION, FOURTH AVENUE. 1867. PREFACE. The resolution, under which the author of this Ser- mon was appointed Agent by the Standing Committee of the Diocese of North Carolina, was offered by him in Convention ; but for the particular views here ex- pressed, and for the mode of working, under it, sug- gested, he solely is responsible. The Sermon is sent, as a reminder of promised col- lections, to many of the Clergy, whom he visited last summer, and also to others whom he had no opportu- nity of seeing, but whose interest in the contemplated undertaking, he begs to solicit in the form of a collec- tion in aid of it. If, after reading the Sermon, they approve of the views and plan suggested, and they know of any lay- men, within their parishes, who would be likely to take kindly interest in such a work, and be glad to help it forward, they will please, for the sake of the cause, give them an opportunity of reading and judging for themselves. Address, Rev. J. Buxton, Ashemlle, North Carolina. 5 rrejudiced against what had been the old mother Church of the Province of Carolina, and, as a consequence, the progress of the Church was extremely slow ; though that must be attributed in part to the scarcity of clergy among the people. Even up to this day, the clergy, for the most part, have been able to occupy only the principal centres of the State in its towns and cities. The country, where the mass of the people live, they have hardly yet reached. The eastern part of the State had been the seat of the Colonial Church. The western was, at that time, an almost unexplored wilderness, particularly that region west of the Blue Bidge, which has since filled up with a population, to most of whom, outside of the villages, this Church has not yet been made known, even by oc- casional ministrations. It is in the midst of this Blue Ridge region, of unrivalled natural beauty and gran- deur, that the Diocese of North Carolina proposes to found an Associated Mission, to serve, among its other uses of preaching the Gospel through that region from a central spot, as a Training School also, for rearing up a native ministry upon her own soil. This blended missionary and ministerial educational enterprise within the Diocese is not of yesterday's origin, but dates back to the year 1855, when a tract of land, eleven and a half acres, situated in the village of Ashe- ville, and with a large brick building upon it, was bought and deeded to the Diocese for those purposes. The first cost of the whole purchase, together with im- provements since put upon it, has been about $7,000. The Diocese now finds itself in possession of this val- uable property, with an utter inability to use it for its purposes ; while at the same time the imperious neces- sity, ever more and more pressing, of devising some 8 means for drawing forth from its own soil, and educa- ting a native ministry, compel her to put forth some effort for her relief. There seemed no possibility of ob- taining needed funds at home in the present impover- ished condition of her people. In this emergency the Convention of 1866 adopted the following Resolution : " Whereas, it is highly important for the interests of " the Church in this Diocese, at this time in particular, " that preparations be making in order to use with " effect and without delay, the Church property at " Asheville for the purposes of a Divinity School, in " connection with an Associated Mission : Therefore, " Resolved, That an agent be sent abroad by the " Standing Committee, in the absence of the Bishop, to " solicit funds for carrying these purposes into effect, " (with the aid, if possible, of the General Domestic " Committee,) and that he be commended by this Con- " vention to the Christian attentions and charities of " the members and ministers of this Church." This movement of the Convention the Bishop of the Diocese, on returning from abroad, sanctioned, by send- ing a commendatory letter to the agent that had been appointed. Under this appointment of the Ecclesiastical authori- ties of North Carolina, your speaker appears before you, by kind permission, to present an appeal on be- half of the Associated Missionary and Ministerial Edu- cational Work, in which that Diocese is about to en- gage. He desires to impart to you some idea of the situa- tion, wants and prospects of the Church in North Carolina. Fully aware, as he is, of the frequent claims for Parish help that have been made of late from the South, nothing but the consideration of the importance of the proposed undertaking to the future of a whole Diocese, would have induced him, for the purpose of helping it forward, to quit the retirement of his own Parish, far away beneath " the Black Dome " of the Alleghanies. It is his deep conviction that noio is the time, brought about by God's providence, for estab- lishing a centralized Working and Educational Mission and Seminary in North Carolina. These two purposes, he apprehends, must be blended together, in order to meet the pressing wants of our situation. An Associate Mission, banded together for systematic work of the ministry, among the people, it is conceived will be the best nursery of the class of Ministers such as the times demand ; not that are underrated at all the advantages of purely theological seminaries, whose requirements for admission shall be " full literary qualifications," and whose course of study shall be an elaborate curri- culum of Theology, within learned cloisters. The Church already has these Institutions iii her older and more popular Dioceses. They are eminently necessary in this age, and thither indeed would naturally tend all, ;■ or most all, of the extraordinary talent that should be elicited in any seminary, of lower theological standard and of more immediate practical aims. What we need in our Southern Dioceses (to speak for our own, at least) is a ministry taken from among the people and returned to them again, with sufficiency of sound learning, drilled in all the offices of the ministry, under clergy who are themselves active Evangelists of the Word ; a ministry of great preaching power, burning 10 with zeal and love for the souls for whom Christ died, with the full consciousness of their mission from the Head of the Church, and ready to be spent for His sake, even unto the sacrifice of life. So long as the Church's efforts were chiefly directed toward the cul- tivated classes of the community, in towns and cities, under parochial organizations, was it necessary for her ministry, as a whole, to be educated up to the highest point of the education of those classes ; for the ranks of the ministry, however spiritually adorned, can never safely fall behind any class in mental cultivation and accomplishments within the sphere of its exercise ; but, beside general elevation, should largely contain representative men of the age, in science and learning. It is but one aspect of the principle referred to which makes a moderate degree only of cultivation needed for efficient ministration among the mass of the people, provided the all-important call of office and gifts of grace be not wanting. The mass of the people are but moderately cultivated, and are likely to remain so under the*imposed law of living by their own labor ; so that it may justly be doubted whether a thorough scholastic training, with the mental habits necessarily contracted in the course of it, 'bating particular excep- tions, may not be considered an encumbrance, like Saul's armor, rather than a help to Missionary and aggressive warfare among the people. In the progress of time, however, the elevation or mental improvement of the people at large, to which nothing, indeed, con- duces so much as a preached Gospel, would create the necessity of corresponding elevation in the attainments of their ministry. Any other theory of ministerial edu- 11 cation, however speculatively perfect, will fail in prac- tice ; in point of fact, the ministers of any Church cannot be required to be all learned men, without the sacrifice of the people, so far as they are concerned^ to entire ignorance of the Gospel : either they never reach the ear of the people at all, by reason of their small number, or their very education, conducted irrespec- tively of the wants of the masses, has, in all proba- bility, disqualified them for the most edifying exercise of their office. Meanwhile, some master eye catches the necessity of the situation, proceeds to organize, in spite of all opposition on the side whence should have come the welcome of " God speed," an efficient arm of service in lightly equipped bands of men, who, having first given themselves to Christ, are ready, at the word, for scaling the mountain side, or penetrating the lone valley, or, still harder task, diving into the huddled- up masses of manufacturing towns. The end is, that whole classes of the community become united in re- ligious societies of their own, and know not the Church for their Mother. Too late is seen the folly of relying solely upon learned Universities for meeting the life and death wants of a whole people, and upon petty parochial cures, which ought to succeed, not precede the labors of Evangelists, and become, in turn, living centres of the extension of the Gospel. If the situation and wants of a Southern Diocese, before the late civil war, indicated the need of a more popularized ministry, much more does the present crisis of the Church there imperatively demand such a ministry for her people. Never, in the history of the Church in North Carolina, were the prospects more 12 favorable for doing her part toward nationalizing this Church something more than in name. The overruling providence of God is continually vindicating its su- premacy by educing good out of evil ; light out of darkness. While the soil of a whole people is being driven through and broken up by the rough plough- share of war, and watered with blood and tears, this evil of man's devising is often the chosen preparation, in the wisdom of God, for breaking up old strifes and errors and prejudices, and for renewing and purifying the life and spirit of a nation for a more exalted future in the designs of Providence. In this light, chiefly, are we concerned to interpret the sorrowful past of late years. In any other view considered than as advancing the interests of the Kingdom of Christ, by preparing the way before Him, " let the dead bury their dead." The war of 1V76, out of whose throes the happy and more perfect Union of the States was born, had through the Southern country ruptured the ties which bound together clergy and people. The ministers of tha Church of England, as they then were, sided with the crown of England ; and, for the most part, either suspended the exercise of their functions altogether or else quit the country. The whole burden of popular odium fell upon this Church and crushed it to the dust, in Virginia and the Carolinas. A remarkably different result ensued at the end of the late civil war, in these States. The clergy, as a whole, with a few noted exceptions, had confined themselves to the proper duties of their office, such as burying the dead, tending the sick and wounded, preaching at home repentance and humiliation as the duties of the hour, making mis- 13 sionary excursions to the camps, where they were ever welcome, or serving as chaplains at posts, in the field or in hospitals. Even public opinion required the clergy, as a class, to confine themselves to duties such as these, and the very few of our own Church who, from their pulpits, tuned the peaceful Trump of the Gospel into martial strains, soon felt themselves re- buked into moderation or into silence. A conclusive proof of the public sentiment of the day is the fact, that the officiating ministry of all religious denominations, during the whole war, from beginning to end, and in every exigency, was expressly exempted from conscrip- tion; and, moreover, persons in the ranks were or- dained, under their proper testimonials, and forthwith assigned to chaplain duties. As a consequence of the clergy (I speak for our own) thus throwing themselves, as a body, into the spiritual duties of their office, and remaining faithful to all the humanities, they retained the good will and affection of their flocks all through the war, however variant, as they were in some cases, their political sympathies might be from the dominant ones of the hour. With the end of the war, the clergy, with their flocks, were ready, as a matter of course, to return back into their old relations, which nothing but a state of war had interrupted — the Diocese of North Carolina leading the goodly van, and the good providence of God furnishing the public occasion at the last General Convention. But it is not deemed overstated as the abiding impression of all thoughtful men at the South, that had not the reunion been inaugurated, at that particular time, by the attend- ance and influence of the Bishop and Delegates of 14 North Carolina, as well as by the wise moderation and warm fraternal spirit in which they were met by that august body, the legislative union of the Protestant Episcopal Church in this country, in all human proba- bility, would have been numbered among the things that were. The same " dreary sea" of broken friend- ship would have flowed between as now sunders other Protestant bodies — " That stand aloof, the scars remaining, Like cliffs which had been rent asunder. A dreary sea now flows between : But neither heat, nor frost, nor thunder, Shall wholly do away, I ween, The marks of that which once hath been." The rapid glance we have taken of late events may help to understand the present situation of the Church in North Carolina, as regards, in general, the disposi- tion of the people. At this moment she stands on higher vantage ground for fulfilling her mission than she ever before occupied in her whole history. In the fiery crucible of war, prejudices of long standing have been softened or quite melted down ; the commingling of the people of the State from border to border, their forced withdrawal from home, and submission to strange experiences of life, have tended to liberate their minds from the routine and thraldom of custom and long inherited feelings and opinions, and to open the avenue to new convictions ; while the moral force of the posi- tion of this Church, as an integral part of the Church of the Union, and not merely so in name but in heart, is apparent to all. Equally apparent there also are the symptoms of disintegration, already begun in the pre- 15 vailing religious denominations, under the growing introduction of schismatic elements from abroad, as well as rising in their own midst. It is not in man to stop these beginnings and seeds of changes. None can say : " Thus far, and no farther." None ought to say : " Let us see, that we may know." But the signs of a higher life, in which all the good are destined to bear a moulding part, and to find the realization of all their longings, will be sure to develop side by side with these changes. The theatre of this development is plainly enough indicated by the great fact of its re-union, as well as by its accordance with the genius of our civil institutions, to be our own Catholic and Apostolic Church, the Church co-extensive with the Republic. We see no other hope on the horizon of the future. But the crying want of our Church at home, if it is ever to be popularized, in the best sense of that word, is the want of a native ministry, fresh from their own soil. Even before late events, the Diocese comprised within its limits 900,000 people over a surface of 48,000 square miles, yet numbered upon its list of clergy only some four or five above fifty ! the greater part of these living in the eastern portion of the State ; while to whole counties and clusters of counties our ministry was unknown face to face. That men of wealth, when they had the means in their power given them of God, failed to meet their duty toward the Church of God in the supply of her want of ministers, is lamentably true. They neither gave their sons, nor redeemed them by substitutes or by offerings, for this work of the Lord. The bitter moral of the past may be read in the avenging turn of human affairs, which has made our 16 rich men poor, and our poor men poorer; but still the cry for a ministry growing out of our own soil con- tinues, and waxes louder and louder. And while the demand becomes more imperious, the prospects of re- munerated labor in the harvest of souls have grown, by the marvellous workings of Providence, manifold times more encouraging. It may be truly said, that were the same prospects of usefulness and extension opened before the Church of Rome, in North Carolina, as now spread before our own Church, the Roman Church would send there, at a word, $1 00,000, or any other needed sum, for establishing her Missions and her Training Schools for her rising clergy. But that is a soil peculiarly unfriendly to Romanism, and only the more so, after all the changes of life during late years. Our people long for a Church, which, while Catholic and National, is yet Protestant. They find a witness for that Church already among them, in the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, and a refuge for them when the assault of Romanism shall have begun in their midst, with the setting in South- ward of the tide of foreign emigration. The friends and members of this Church are earnestly invited to rally to her help in this, her time of need, and yet of hope. While thanking her brethren for the fellowship of their, charity, in relieving the temporal wants of many of her clergy, (not to mention other large chari- ties, in which the people of the State, aye, of the whole South, are your debtors,) her appeal now made, in the interest of the Word of God, is — Will you help us by the means which God has blessed you with, and not taken away from you, as he has from us, to establish 17 an Institution that shall afford a permanent supply of ministers, on our own soil, qualified to exercise the duties of an Evangelizing ministry to the glory of God and the profit of souls ? We need an Institution where an evangelizing clergy may be reared in the very bosom of the work itself going on among the people of the country, outside of Parishes, and in revival of the old itinerant work of the Church of England, in the then Province of the Caro- linas, through large circuits, long before the era of Methodism ; these having a common centre, to which the clergy may return and refresh themselves, by study and rest, for the never-ceasing round of duty in the missionary field ; where their families, too, (if any,) shall have a secure home during their absence, and their children, while growing up, not be without paternal care. That such a plan of association is practicable as shall attain all these ends, cannot be reasonably doubted ; neither can it be doubted that means used, with prayer, for eliciting that particular kind of evan- gelic talent that lies latent as yet, because unsought and unprayed for, would be signally blessed by the Lord of the Harvest. It is believed that the sum of $25,000, judiciously expended and invested in part at this time, together with what has been already done, and may farther be expected to be done, at home, with returning means, will enable the Diocese to set the pro- posed enterprise on a firm footing under an efficient head. In any event, as this is her first appeal for help, as a Diocese abroad, it will undoubtedly be her last. The reason why that new and urgent class of needs that have sprung up in the Southern country — the 18 needs, I mean, of the Freedmen — has not been pre- sented to you, in connection with this Institution, is the fact, that within a few months past, $50,000 have been contributed from two sources, both outside the Diocese, for founding a Normal School for the educa- tion of colored teachers of both sexes, including a Theo- logical Department, to be located at Raleigh, under the auspices of our Church, The late Convention of the Diocese had before unanimously recommended the establishment of Church schools for the colored people, as well as sanctioned the ordination of qualified col- ored persons " as spiritual teachers and pastors of their race." The appeal before you, brethren, the agent hopes to present also in other Atlantic cities during the present and coming month. Whatever sums may be raised, can all be advantageously used, should they be more than what is asked for. But he seeks not to burden any. His appeal, from the magnitude of the work, is necessarily addressed, in a more especial manner, to men of large means and equally large hearts. Small sums given are not expected to make up the amount required. These, when gathered diligently and syste- matically by individuals, are found adequate to relieve small parishes from debt, or build and repair small Churches, or assist parochial charities, but they can- not reach the want of a whole Diocese in an undertak- ing like the present, without an amount of time and labor in their collection to which no one agent is ade- quate. Your speaker and agent of the Diocese of North Carolina earnestly invites those of you who are blessed 19 with means, and in whose hearts God may have stirred up kindly interest in the subject of this mission, to judge with the lights before them, whether the cause be not worthy of their hundreds, aye, of their thou- sands. If the expenditure of thousands and millions be not deemed too costly a sacrifice for the maintenance of the Union, is it too much to ask, even of patriotism, that it lend a helping hand to that Church in her hour of need, which survives the sole representative of the Church of the Union, and, we believe, can do more, while fulfilling her own proper work, for re-knitting the Union of the States in the hearts of the people, than all other agencies put together. Before concluding, suffer me to introduce you to the seat of the proposed Mission House and Divinity School of North Carolina, which lies among surround- ing scenes of unsurpassed beauty, in the village of Asheville, 14 miles west of the Blue Ridge, and near the junction of the Swananoa and French Broad Rivers. This region west of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina embraces about 100,000 inhabitants, scattered over 14 counties, or a seventh part of the surface of the State. The mountains, covered with rich soil up to the very tops, are crowned, as yet, with the virgin growth of nature, overtopped all by " the Black Dome,"* the royal diadem of the dark-browed Alleghanies. " The stones are iron, and out of the hills thou may'st dig brass." The land is intersected with rivers that run among the hills in rich valleys. No rail-road has ever yet penetrated this region, though several thither either • * Height, 6,707 feet. 20 have been designed or are in process of construction. Not a single manufactory is known within its limits. Hither painters, after having traversed foreign climes, resort for themes of the pencil, confessing that they had left behind at home scenes that far surpassed them all in picturesque beauty, if not in grandeur. The wealthy citizens of the South in times gone by had not been insensible to the charms of this region, nor to its advantages of climate during the hot sum- mer months ; for in spite of its difficulty of access, they had been accustomed to resort to its springs, or had built them villas in the valleys or on the mountain sides. Asheville is its most important village, contain- ing about 1,000 inhabitants. It is, as we have said, the seat of the projected Mission and School. For twenty years past your speaker has been almost the only as he was the first representative of the ministry of the Church living in that region. During those years, a Church has been built from the ground, and its con- gregation gathered in, beside his travelling from one end to the other, at different times, on missionary duty and officiating statedly in the adjoining country. The Parish and its minister were instrumental in procuring for the Diocese the property before described, which is entirely freed from debt. But whatever has been done in the course of his ministry, is referred to only as serving to explain how the way is prepared in this region for the establishment of an Associate Mission and Training School for a rising Clergy. The fruits of past labor are springing to view, at this very time, under the zealous co-operation of two licensed lay read- ers, who, with other helps from the congregation, go out 21 from Asheville, each Sunday, to a distance of from three to eleven miles, for the purpose of teaching Sunday Schools and assisting in ministering the Word. At one of these stations, a building that serves the double purpose of school-room and chapel, has been erected by the people of the settlement within the last six months. Twenty-eight men, women and children were baptized there, and eleven confirmed by the Bishop at his late visitation. At the farthest station is the seat of a Collegiate Institute, with a liberal patronage through adjoining counties, which the Trustees have offered to convey to us as representing the Church, on the payment of a small balance of debt due on it. Applications also for services have been made from other points in the neighborhood, which it has been found impossible to comply with. Brethren, the appeal of the Diocese of North Caro- lina is before you, through her accredited agent. The reasons and grounds of it have been presented to you. May He, in whose hands are the hearts of His people, inspire you with the determination " to strengthen our hands for this good work." UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00034004489 FOR USE ONLY IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION Form No. A-368, Rev. 8/95