C&e líörarp of m Í3nttìer0ítp of Botẅ Carolina CEnbotoeti bp Hit SDíalectic ano THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL ENDOWED BY THE DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES DA25 k B5 1858 no, 17 II 000^730985 Not cv'V^ TTns booh must not be taken fpofh the Library building p^EXCEPT WITH THE SPECIAL PERMIS- SION OF THE LIBRARIAN 24Feb'4ó( Äöfîl '46 ÍEB8 tf ; RERUM BRITANNICARUM MED 1 1 MY I SCRIPTORES, OR CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. a THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OP GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES. PUBLISHED BY THE AÜTHORTTY OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLES, On the 26th of January 1857, the Master of the Rolls submitted to the Treasury a proposal for the publication of materials for the History of this Country from the Invasion of the Romans to the Reign of Henry VIII. The Master of the Rolls suggested that these materials should be selected for publication under competent editors without reference to periodical or chronological arrange- ment, without mutilation or abridgment, preference being given, in the first instance, to such materials as were most scarce and valuable. * He proposed that each chronicle or historical document to be edited should be treated in the same way as if the editor were engaged on an Editio Princeps ; and for this purpose the most correct text should be formed from an accurate collation of the best MSS. To render the work more generally useful, the Master of the Rolls suggested that the editor should give an account of the MSS. employed by him, of their age and their peculiarities ; that he should add to the work a brief account of the life and times of the author, and any remarks necessary to explain the chronology ; but no other note or comment was to be allowed, except what might be necessary to establish the correctness of the text. a 2 4 The works to be published in octavo, separately, as they were finished ; the whole responsibility of the task resting upon the editors, who were to be chosen by the Master of the Rolls with the sanction of the Treasury. The Lords of Her Majesty's Treasury, after a careful consideration of the subject, expressed their opinion in a Treasury Minute, dated February 9, 1857, that the plan recommended by the Master of the Rolls " was well calculated for the accomplishment of this important national object, in an effectual and satisfactory manner, within a reasonable time, and provided proper attention be paid to economy, in making the detailed arrangements, without unnecessary expense." They expressed their approbation of the proposal that each chronicle and historical document should be edited in such a manner as to represent with all possible correct- ness the text of each writer, derived from a collation of the best MSS., and that no notes should be added, except such as were illustrative of the various readings. They suggested, however, that the preface to each work should contain, in addition to the particulars proposed by the Master of the Rolls, a biographical account of the author, so far as authentic materials existed for that purpose, and an estimate of his historical credibility and value. Bolls House, December 1857. ) BRUT Y TYWYSOGION; OR THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES OF WALES. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/brutytywysogionoOOcara_0 U\t< oijoue* \vftn*o\iytwv Imrŵŵ y v:a(* Ẁẁysim jrwfJv 1»r«ny y jjritíjìteiwr ajŵ uw> Spitwraa iVitlnt. v ö-ẃî iviatMfo vusili weurur y. Oájctu uc^-ttt-liliiiHẅ.af yuyîufcŵ ae \6 i^aéiŴW>yty \\ rtc uyuob y lûs? ^íettw ^ tä^nab 'Ìymarrh.jrmi lytẁpnàb ort?c«t Sa^Dtfev"? *f r ft>' ì> vc ffv<ü>y bynny yTylfn yb lyiecíytt uab 0itwuoetyOTtt-. acflci ! fet^JfajiMrtrẅiAft u«bblcì>ytt.}|!iivt>lirybỳ tNtttttyẃarH^uab oiucm y$ilfynim).i$ti , tiuhẅ vVloyDyti bonno yraitfl),tîíU'f itflb TCyŵarch y fun ufin-ur yfjTfỳuîPri» paiuyi awupií uftl'rŵirocìmityjjrnt ,9. fttl>i'VfiT»ìl i ^1)li'vliV"r i «' I'vucb yU«t AujlJíîy.hyim^aAihyabl l'fttyt" ŴJ! j gtn(3f.(ij J lciit'bir cTmiflwbyttyyfyîyt; MC-F Ẅ ecô ûítntŵ;.|)anlnibcîni- y jjblywŵ At'lntm licb gtib,cl ucb yftmyfl Oiflíflít y^rtiTbftiilAuurof.iili-Vlp)'^ - — i-ŵc tfyn&iW "Jyimn nflb m>tW bfŵtŵ b:culiw fecûTi AŴymry flrfyjgjftiyg y dni .tnituty yu uoaittftutny trybyî ì>yö ûli|4 vflaiyi. yuy o.l yutru v UrtttCt-tb yfcícrè.Ar T ìrcríty(£llí6yal>iai>l y^fhf.w nalijplbftt yjjratiuoiçrftu al> oÊíio^jréŵjî^yttsp v Hyfíi-ocí oihtm- fldjAtHwJuij* V«ib«n 0tu«Rẅ uftb UytuC ÿmiairjjrreulAím Ut v£rwŵ\s^mim y ÿ-éyi âoẃ fccjrcrb j!î WÎTWytrtnyctt at JPíulMittfẅyoti. ^futyuofeoit. iltfẁiîytfu^^^utyúnjtWöyiÌiẃit! yin VMdẂffŵ%ìD(Hỳíte*n Vi^^aiy nrfi itt|»t .^oií^af! uaẅ yUty oiflŵn at nutt.^'yi aoẃyut y n \-&c vyiuliim OuffHtoŵ ítwtöcu Atftyiî. iíyubyr ((•ytib al yubn lioü fcíytiutô y lâ^twiynt jIìíi bytwi) itryntẂiU'^jTmraf ftlo<ÿnf kxiti#«Cmffvatmiiic oî>yti4 ftpby Uvŵ-o» oiiliataneb yty«ilŵvítottt arf)af ttTTabcryŵ^^ylIötìjíWrflttt.ííaíyt « ìioẃclnôb uim'couö.arimîaóf iuit ìb ncrttj.ftDcuiuib l'CẂfl.nytawgtn mŵ w>iŵ ai-yÿ ẃiof^affattt ^Tjftrirtirbíir l>)'líflmat-. a rJyiíhír-Dm ci-rii . a tltaihir frtci* bclnof . 3r oíyufl yi-ymicliocírtrtrtur ftíîcf".|,iTtib;pî v^'O)'" b emtio vtof Ẃaitt nlit>«riiy_ûWÖuö öbiícbítna wr. a\uaî>tii y««v úìtyn^fim ft^iibctnairmif cubybmo'íb yabcr öym' flr yny bci byu y tnitl) i'ftniyu jwlhibyl a iDÍ'ci*f uiUi uüti-hn •auictl'0" ffWrttfyf tiUi crr. ai- lioti flomi iVcit. av b ôü uâMit ÿyíu.ai" liollftcmr.oabíi'ucîiln't )'t> úbíi*D)>fi.dj!ri.cöy bv:rtiH yvu^y: ar ymlab yti£vciilaim 0 b«f hi.ylîinaintit y tflcmtíTcM- ar iioittirtnycit cuŴ boi'uyí cutiorucrẅic bŵor. fl ÿ-uíbyìtiií ivi 0 ttŵuut, niiof^i ct-crtl. ariniiẃu nnct ittciu-li ci-ciìT. A pbyti mt?í(T ysrhnéìéa Abŵt yxau Wyaf'ttlrar? yuV^yon yn V2 alum .Agftŵy rtft gni^'ld) tpifunt oc 5v)u.ytiì>tẃrtflaŵc« yisyiii(i>oclaf&iiry .- , iSf»i*t-» Ajjrt) et>v liynuy f j>bymrtioolat>t> ofy «n artirttẅatátí'i p p>í«r y» bi^-t lao .çujMtẃy miftl yuwbtjÿolydíri). Hit»cl íir ii4ü: amylîti* oavirii ar ajaŵtjjfii iigwto - \ ^fgj/^tmiH yfcedmu tnmfmiŵ ỳfaŵfai. mmmto&ỳ tarttor n attosim vdtt îẁttljdẅ xc notion #mtr wetyw^ir vâpç> Atati wttty Uicttl)itt>vAt^btifi<«t ôŷtrc vu oc& tyorf A^ciijÿift- yau tety>ldìctẃn«v Tfcjcojv Araŷ vamtafmiti^tt^ tuy ran výu$4mtir>ik^ná yCymvciMttutr hi ç y ^ £ tiŵ fŵŵ- ŷ ôralwaffaur mcr cŵauc-acA*ü ^ỳn. »tf ty>Tl oiueífŷt) Uocm^ A,fy\ux>tA(fatrc ŵ tjcu .<» m ỳt> AttlCttẂjfo Ijỳiliý hŷv l}ŵ«V OttA Mttp t tw>iŵvpc j> $aw>cmT mtrnxr- mtuýgtíí Utiw'ỳ* am>£t> MVttUtonifMg^Umattu t^fr ."rimur ^tn latttffam- V>otl ûclcä>$«öti ^nví In^te ^it ŵccíac amtypnirô ỳ ŵUwaŴittt ýYauöttnẃ ÄjRIf.lŴS. <0OW. Cleop.B.V. Jut St fSon,)jitI|oä"'iilî Q.I elhtwr smroal vaMhU* vtwt AlmacHjanr v W m towirt) j>vo #vt vftvphmm. fttirjuntoerkw 'íẅWíẅttTmwi» aw» vsvr ac ef yttln«an>r to ÍŴ Vt ' ^WW? McWen í>y>y umwhûeûi ì J.mtvraa cubcit vtvlnŵí?oŵn atmminwiinmr i aiivM ffi* av Inmtoi . atfr at> uiftiŵií» ^ h' tnaŵc ẅ tuáctftin. afcuvatt vûct$tm ai» ai . K*flííûtn».oöíbculttrtti.ttiaclít>n Oftwt&yt \ sryc vtnoín?.m*vs lcítttnc ac-vi'em.mcOHm ì S "^amjvu. öŵllŵtiW, dét\ tampans .treftractiv aíŵrtut.Mím- ffttt. &c ar wtmtr bbnnl> vim atuuOà ofctó j Wé arì)cfrt'cii tnuon ymytâ \m-ti(i»mt< ac tiŵdmH'ftf frvtm ẃ\mn\i vUvfn»6 • ûf \ mA vbu i 1«?Ŵ6îm nr.ttr iwtelgim ay t*v%Ûfrve $rpc | vviftl*r. ft tvö* (if v t»cm tnctl'otl 9r ftp W w ẃcr î>wt s crtnotm \t' ^ tot* íwv í>vmumV j| ytift yswHioUtyln»ÍIoffvim Uytwv îmti int»>» ; iíftf . ftî)otlẃe4) v °l- &9 have their endings somewhat dif- worded in ferently worded from the above. Here the commission other given to Caradog is spoken of in the past tense, in copies. 0 & r r > the one copy thus: — "The princes who were affcer- M wards successively over Wales, I committed to " Caradog of Llancarvan ; he was my contemporary, " and to him I left materials for writing that book. " From henceforward the kings of the English and " their successors I committed to William of Malmes- Cl bury and Henry of Huntington, to write about ; " but they were to leave the Welsh alone ; for they " do not possess that Welsh book, which Walter, UP by him a little before his death, to which the inter- ^ ff ^f mediate events were added. times. We cannot from any internal evidence infer that The Gwen- this was a copy of the register, which was deposited ^ o f °J he either at Strata Florida or Conway, and yearly monastic augmented by the inmates, there being no allusion Chromcles - whatsoever to either of those two establishments. It seems then that the only conclusion which we inferred to are warranted in arriving at is, that the chronicle in ^ a revised ° . edition of question is the real production of Caradog, but re- the work of vised more or less, and thoroughly recast, as to the ^^ dog ' style of language, by a person living subsequently to quently to A.D. 1196, who, moreover, added the entries of the 1196, last 46 years. Another chronicle, already alluded to, bears the The Chro- title of "the Chronicle of Ieuan Brechva. A record of ^ a e n of " princes, battles, remarkable events, revenges, and Brechva. " other notable occurrences ; taken from the books of " Caradog of Llancarvan and other old books of in- " formation." 1 It differs in some instances from the 1 " Out of the Book of Rhys Thomas, printer." My v. Arch, vol. ii. p. 470. Ieuan Brechva was an eminent poet, historian, and herald of Caermarthenshire, who died about 1500. C XXX PKEFACE. other chronicles, but in general agrees with the pre- ceding one. The notices are very meagre, and the whole work is evidently an abridgment, J^. ofits leuan Brechva, the author, flourished in the tion. ' sixteenth century. He concludes the epitome under consideration with the year 1150, a fact which, in conjunction with the difference to be perceived in the copy just examined, leads to the supposition that this also was founded upon the same basis. Not the Indeed, if this chronicle had professed to have been geîfufne 01 " extracted from the works of Caradog alone, there work of could have been but little difficulty in the matter ; Caradog. mention of " other old books of information " would indicate a certain amount of tampering with the original text of Caradog. The Chro- A chronicle, of which numerous copies of consider- ofStrata her a ^ e an tiquity are in existence, the most extensively Florida or diffused over Wales, and which must certainly have comvay" originated either from Strata Florida or Conway, demands attentive consideration. It has no proem, similar to the above, but immediately enters upon the subject, and the narrative is carried on in an uniform style to the year 1120. At this period a remarkable alteration is strikingly perceptible ; the narrative of the events of the twenty years included between 1100 and 1120 occupies a space double to that devoted to the history of the period which elapsed between 1120 and 1164, the date of the foundation of the monastery of Strata Florida. The prior portion is written by a person favourable to the Normans, or fearful of giving offence to them. He remarks that "William defended " the kingdom of England in a great battle, with an l: invincible hand, and his most noble army" (p. 47), and died " after a sufficiency of the glory and fame " of this transient world, and after glorious victories " and the honour acquired by riches" (p. 53). " A. D " 1091 , Rhys, son of Tewdwr, king of South Wales, PREFACE. xxxi " was killed by the French, who inhabited Brecheiniog, " and then fell the kingdom of the Britons" (p. 55). About 1113, Gruffudd, son of Rhys, aspired to his father's possessions in South Wales, and at the com- mencement of his career destroyed some of the Norman castles. This success, according to the historian, incited "many foolish young men from every part to " join him, being deceived by the desire of spoils, or " seeking to repair and restore the British kingdom. " But the will of man does not avail anything unless " God assists him." (p. 125.) This has evident allu- sion to the transference of the " British kingdom * to the English sovereigns on the death of Rhys, the father of Gruffudd, intimated before. He then narrates a successful expedition by Gruffudd against the garrison of the castle of Caermarthen and the castle of William de Londres in Gower ; he observes, " that as Solomon " says, the spirit becomes elevated against the fall " of man," Gruffudd "prepared, being swollen with " pride, and with the presumption of the unruly (t rabble and the silly inhabitants, to arrange foolish u expeditions from Dyved into Ceredigion, and to take (i the part opposed to equity, being invited by Cedi- " vor, son of Goronwy, and Howel, son of Idnerth, " and Trahaiarn, son of Ithel, who were near in " proximity of kindred and acquaintance, and who " agreed that he should have dominion/' And above all, "fearing to offend King Henry, the man who " had subdued all the sovereigns of the isle of Bri- (i tain by his power and authority, and who had ''• subjugated many countries beyond sea under his " rule, some by force and arms, others by innume- " rable gifts of gold and silver ; the man with whom <£ no one could strive but God alone, from Whom " he obtained the power/' (pp. 128, 129.) He then describes the progress of Gruffudd in Ceredigion, and states "that the men of the country, instigated by c 2 xxxii PREFACE. " the devil, flocked to liim suddenly, and as it " were of one accord/' and spoiled and killed the Saxons there (p. 131). They then " without setting up " standards, a villain host, like a company of people " without counsel and without a commander, took " their course towards the castle of Aberystwyth," where they were defeated (p. 133). King Henry then sent for Owain, son of Cadwgan, and addressed him : — " My most beloved Owain, art thou acquainted with " that thief Gruffudd, son of Rhys, who is like a " fugitive before my commanders ; for and because I " believe thee to be a most loyal man to me, I " will that thou be commander of an army with " my son, to expel Gruffudd, son of Rhys, and I " will make Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, thy com- u panion, because I place confidence in you two ; and " when thou returnest back I will properly reward " thee " (p. 135). This arrangement is, however, ren- dered inoperative by Owain falling in with an army of Flemings, headed by Gerald, who kill him (p. 139). Omissions. Although the narrative is very diffusive, and the occurrences of each year detailed at great length, we find not the slightest allusion to the conquest of Gla- morgan by Eitzhamon, 1 or to the reverses which his successor Robert, earl of Gloucester, experienced when he attacked his uncle Gruffudd, or to this earl's capture by Ivor Petit, and constrained departure from Cardiff, occasioned by the indignant resistance of the native population to the tyranny of their oppressors. These incidents, the latter of which a Welshman, truly attached to his country, would have exulted in re- lating, we are left to gather from other sources; the author of this work has omitted them. 1 The conquest of Glamorgan is detailed at considerable length in the Gwentian Chronicle. PREFACE. xxxiii Still, perhaps, we ought to regard the spirit mani- His appa . fested in respect of the Normans as arising more from [^i t y 3 fj r a feeling of consciousness in his breast of their being the Nor- necessary and irresistible instruments in the hands bunted" of Divine providence to punish the national iniquity for - of the Welsh, than from any spontaneous sympathy with them in their work of aggression. At times, indeed, sparks of patriotism do clearly burst out, as when the writer, observing the treacherous propensities of the Normans, indignantly indites, " as is the " manner of the French to deceive people by promises " (p. 121). About 1120 another writer, or else the same writer Difference under the influence of another spirit, for a bias is me^ 1 * manifestly observable in favour of the Welsh, takes up the subject. Under 1124 we read that the same Gruffudd, previously so vituperated, was deprived of the land which the king had given him, u after he had " been innocently and undeservedly accused by the " French" (p. 153). Some encomiastic expressions are generally applied to the Welsh princes at this period. Under 1129 we have a notice of the death of Mared- udd, " the ornament and safety and defence of all " Powys, after undergoing salvatory penance of his " body and sanctity of repentance in his spirit, and " the communion of the body of Christ, and extreme " unction" (p. 157). These religious solemnities, men- tion of which is now for the first time introduced into the text, are henceforth repeatedly expressed to have taken place upon the demise of the princes of the three districts of the principality. In 1135, Owain and Cadwalader, the sons of Gruffudd, prince of North Wales, are said to be " the ornament of all " the Britons, their safety, their liberty, and their " strength ; men who were two noble and two generous " kings, two dauntless ones ; two brave lions ; two " blessed ones ; two eloquent ones ; two wise ones ; xxxiv PEEFACE. " protectors of the churches, and their champions ; " the defenders of the poor ; the slayers of the foes; " the pacifiers of the quarrelsome ; the tamers of " antagonists; the safest refuge to all who should flee " to them ; the men who were pre-eminent in energies " of souls and bodies ; and jointly upholding in unity " the whole kingdom of the Britons/' (p. 159.) A battle which took place at Aberdovey in the same year is described, in which, it is said, " the Flemings " and the Normans took to flight, according to their " usual custom/' (p. 161). In 1136, the writer notices the death of GrufTudd and styles him "the light and " strength and gentleness of the men of South Wales," (p. 161). Not incon- Having called attention to these facts, the question the^eaof arises, are they inconsistent with the view which Caradog attributes to Caradog the authorship of this Chronicle ? We think not : on the contrary the change of bias from one political body to another, which characterizes the text, is in perfect harmony with what we learn of Caradog in the scanty memorials that have come down to us, though it would be difficult, no doubt, to recon- cile the order in which variations of this kind occur with that of his life. 1 But besides such variations as are indicated by a change of sentiments, there is a difference here and there perceptible in the style of composition. The chronicle commences A.D. 680. It does not give the events under each year, but under each decade as 690, 700, 710, &c, and registers a series of occurrences without comment until six or seven years prior to 1100. At that period it commences the use of the phrase " Y vlwydyn rac wyneb/' (the ensuing year,) being the author. Difference in the style of composi- tion. 1 Thus, one would have naturally expected, from what is stated in his life that the reproaching of Gruf- fudd, son of Rhys, would have fol- lowed, rather than, as in the Chro- nicle, preceded his eulogy. PREFACE. XXXV before each year, under which events are recorded, until the next decade, successively, and the narrative is carried on in an uniform style to the year 1120. At this period again a remarkable alteration is very per- ceptible. As before observed, the narrative of the events of the twenty years included between 1100 and 1120 occupies a space double to that devoted to the history of the period which elapsed between 1120 and 1164. There is nothing whatever to indicate a change of writers about the period which is usually assigned as the termination of Caradog's labours. The first part — the portion taken up in registering Scope of events to about the year 1100, may be considered as ^ le Chro " the History of the Principality, current in the different divisions of Wales. From that date it enters into a detailed account or occurrences in Gwynedd or North Wales, and Dyved or West Wales, particularly of events in Cardiganshire, and but very cursorily notices those of Gwent. If Caradog is to be considered as the author of the Difference chronicle down to about 1150, the variation in the ln f fcyle .' and uni- style must be regarded as a reflection of the original formity of draught or copy, which formed the basis of his com- accounted pilation. And if no other writer could use a similar for. language in continuing the narrative, we are driven to suppose that the whole was a translation from the Latin. In the absence of any Latin transcript of this form, it The Chro- is difficult to decide whether the chronicle was indeed pofeYtobe originally a Welsh compilation, or a translation. The lan- a trans- guage of the Welsh text, at least at the commencement, ìheLathT betrays a Latin origin; this is more strikingly appa- rent in the manuscript marked C, in which the render- ing is frequently erroneous. Thus under 789, it has "gyd " ac Offa," for cum or apud Offa, which are the expres- sions used in the oldest copy of the Annates Cambrice. 1 5 Another version has ah Offa. The proper Welsh would have been " gan Offa" xxxvi PREFACE. Under 827, " vwa Deganwy M is evidently a mistaken translation of arx Deganhui, 1 found in a later ver- sion of the Annates. Under 863, Duta seems to have been rendered "hono;" and under 1096, Magnus is translated "Mawrus." 2 The Book We have already intimated that this chronicle must quoted Way nave come to us from either Conway or Strata Florida. In "British Antiquities Revived/' by Mr. Robert Vaughan, we meet with quotations from a chronicle, styled by the illustrious author the Book of Conway ; 3 these excerpts are found in that which we are now considering. A great similarity in the productions of both establishments may be inferred from what Guttyn Owain says, namely, that the annalists of those two monasteries ordinarily compared their entries, one with the other, every three years. No copies which have descended to us, profess to be derived from either of those places, but the preponderance of internal evidence is in favour of a Strata Florida emanation. Reasons for The reasons which have led us to consider it as our P ChrS nay i n g ^ een derived from Strata Florida, have been the nicie to be following. — The prominent manner in which the foun- Strata dation of the abbey is introduced to the reader ; — " In Florida. « that year (1164), by the permission of God and 1 " Bwa " (of which vwa is a mutate), is a bow or arch ; in Latin arcus. 2 From " mawr," great L. mag- nus. 3 " The rest he reserved to him- selfe, saving Dywalwern, a little piece of Cyveiliog, which he gave the Lord Rees, because (according to the Book of Conway) the report went that it stood within the confines of the said Rees his dominions." Br. Antiq. Revived, Ed. 1834, p. 14. Compare this with what is said in the Chronicle under 1166. Again, " And in the year of our Lord 1164 (just 20 yeares before the date of the former Charter) as witnesseth the Book of Conway, it [i.e. Strata Florida] was first covented." Br. Antiq. Rev. p. 37. See under that year in the Chronicle. Further, " Witnesse the office of being Jus- tice of South Wales, which the king had given him three years before that peace at Gloucester, as the Book of Conway mentioneth." Br Antiq. Rev. p. 44. See Chronicle, p. 209. PREFACE. xxxvii " the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, came a con- " vent of monks first to Strata Florida : " (p. 203), and the brief way in which we are informed that the • establishment of Conway emanated from Strata Florida; — "In the same year (1186), about the " month of July, the convent of Strata Florida," or a society from Strata Florida, " went to Rhed- ynog Velen in Gwynedd," (p. 233). In the margin of the manuscript marked E., this place is stated to be " Maenan," to which the monks of Aberconway were removed by Edward I. — The number of local events narrated, interesting to the inmates ; among which we may class the burials of twenty-two distinguished personages, including four abbots of the place ; whereas the number of similar occurrences, stated to have taken place at Conway, amounts to only five. — The mention of six abbots by name, one of whom, Gruffudd, made his peace with king Henry, and compounded for his dues (p. 335). We find no mention of an abbot of Con- way but once, that is to say, when the body of prince Gruffudd was delivered up to the abbots of Strata Florida and Conway, in London, and conveyed by them to Aberconway for burial (p. 335). We read, "1201, " on the eve of Whitsunday, the monks of Strata " Florida came to the new -church ; which had been " erected of splendid workmanship," (p. 257). Under 1238, mention is made of the fealty sworn by the chieftains of Wales to David, son of Llywelyn, at Strata Florida," (p. 327). Under 1254, we have the price of the great bell at Strata Florida; and 1280, the burning of the monastery. Many other entries might be adduced, to exemplify the great interest taken in registering incidents which occurred at Strata Florida, instances of which are rare in regard to Con- way. The above have been selected as the most pro- minent, and elucidatory of the source of the work in its present form. xxxviii PREFACE. van the basis of it. Source of Caradog's materials. The Chro- As there seems then no doubt that the record we Caradcí f nave been discussing is the veritable chronicle of Strata Liancar- Florida, we are obliged, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, or which has not yet occurred to us, to accept the statement of Guttyn Owain, that the basis or groundwork is none other than that which was laid down by Caradog of Llancarvan, at the instance of Geoffrey of Monmouth. In other words, that he com- piled the prior part, though we cannot tell exactly at what period his labours ended, or what amount of transformation, if any, it underwent at the hands of the monks, or bards attached to the establishment, who undoubtedly continued and completed the register. But whence did Caradog obtain his materials ? We are informed in the announcement appended to the Chronicle of the Kings that they were, at least some of them, supplied to him by Geoffrey, and that these were mainly contained in " the Breton Book, which Walter, " archdeacon of Oxford, translated from Breton into " Welsh, which is truly a collection of their histories, " in honour of the said princes." In addition to this book, Caradog might have availed himself of the An- nates Cambrice ; 1 indeed, there is every reason to believe that he did so ; also of, " other old books of in- (C formation/' which no doubt had been preserved in different parts of the country, whether in monasteries or among the Bards. The events that occurred between about 1077 and 1150 would come, more or less, under his own immediate notice. From 1164 to the end the entries were continued regularly by the annalists of Strata Florida, who, in all probability also supplied the registers of the interval between the death of 1 This work is now being pre- pared for the press, and is intended to form one of the series of works published by the authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Ma- jesty's Treasury, under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. PREFACE. xxxix Caradog and the foundation of their own society, from authentic sources. The chronology of the Strata Florida Chronicle is Chrono- regulated by decades. Down to nearly the close ofg t ^ fthe the eleventh century, there is nothing whatever to Florida distinguish the intermediate years. From that period ChromcIe - forth they are discriminated respectively by the simple phrase "the ensuing year." This chronological arrange- ment seems to have been copied from the Annates Cambrice ; an attempt having been made by the com- piler to adapt the decennary notation observed in that work to the era of the Incarnation. It has, how- ever, been so carelessly executed that the intervals which, according to the Annates, should exhibit the events of ten years, at one time contain those of three, at another of sixteen years. The writer of the Gwentian version has, from some sources unknown to us, supplied the intermediate years throughout, which improving process of itself strongly indicates it to be of posterior date to the other. Powel, 1 in the preface to his a Historie of Cam- Number of " bria," asserts the existence of upwards of a hundred copies. 1 David Powel, lineally descended from Llywelyn Aurdorchog, was born in Denbighshire about the year 1552. Having completed his education at Oxford, and received holy orders, he was made vicar of Ruabon in his native country in 1570, and prebendary of St. Asaph, and in the following year he ob- tained the rectory of Llanvyllin, which latter he resigned on being preferred to the vicarage of Meivod in 1579. The sinecure rectory of Llansantfraid in Mechain was added to his preferments in 1588. He was now grown eminent for his learning, and took the degree of B.D. in 1582, and that of D.D. in 1583. In 1584 he became chaplain to Sir Henry Sidmouth, Lord Pre- sident of the Marches of Wales, who had in his possession the unfinished translation of Caradog's Chronicle of the Princes by the eminent anti- quary Humphrey Llwyd. At his lordship's solicitation Dr. Powel completed the translation, and en- riched the work with many valuable additions. This was printed in 1584 in 4to, and is the work referred to above. He was also the author of " Annotationes in Itiner avium xl PREFACE. copies of the Chronicle of the Princes, " whereof/' he says, " the most part were written two hundred (< yeares ago/' that is, about 1384. Time has in the last two centuries and a half considerably lessened the number. Perhaps the assertion may have likewise been too unqualified, for it is evident that he did not accurately examine them, otherwise he would not have stated that these records ceased in 1270, most of those now remaining terminating in 1282 ; the events of the last twelve years being detailed at con- siderable length, which ought to have found a place in his compilation. The Chronicle of the Kings, at present, occurs much more frequently in libraries than the Chronicle of the Princes ; and it is probable that this was the case at former periods, if we allow the pro- portion which obtains in the British Museum and Hengwrt Collections, where copies of the former greatly preponderate, to have been general. In the Museum we meet with no Chronicles of the Princes in the Welsh language, and but three Latin tran- scripts ; at least such was the case a few years ago. Hengwrt library contains but three, and those "Welsh which is the number inserted in the catalogue of that collection, drawn up in the time of Mr. Kobert Yaughan, 1 the founder of it. The library of Glodd- CambricE, scriptum per Sil. Giral- dum Cambrensem" The same volume also contains " Annotationes in Cambria descriptionem per S. Giraldum? and " De Britannica Historica recte intelligenda Epis- tola." He likewise published in 1585, "Hisioria Britannica? or the British History, written by Ponticus Virunius, in six books. Dr. Powel also rendered essential service to Dr. Morgan in the translation of the Holy Scriptures into "Welsh, which was completed and published in 1588. He died in 1598. 1 Kobert Vaughan was born in 1592 at Hengwrt, near Dolgelley, in Merionethshire. He entered the university as a commoner of Oriel College, in 1612, but he left without taking a degree, and retired to his patrimony at Hengwrt, where he cultivated those studies that have rendered his name so celebrated, and of such authority on all subjects connected with Welsh history and PREFACE. Xli aith, which has been unaffected by fluctuations, has three. Nevertheless we have no reason to disbelieve the Welsh his- general statement of Powel as to the great number ^"Tsth 1 of copies which existed at one time in Wales, though and 16th they probably differed much in style and phraseology, centunes - owing to the variety of hands employed upon them. John Rhydderch, a poet and grammarian, who flourished from 1700 to 1730, hath given us a list of Welsh historians, who for the most part lived in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries ; it is as follows : — " Richard Broughton, one of the Councell of the " Marches, writ concerning all England, and partes be- " yond the seas : who had a commission to search the " ancient records in White Hall (the White Tower of " London) that were lost {i.e. could not be found,) " per the Gentlemen and Poets. " George Owen, Lord of Kemmes, in Pembrook- u shire, hath writ concerning all Britain. " John Lewis, a Lawyer, hath write concerning all " B. " Evan Lewis, ap David ap John, Esq r ., hath u written concerning all England and Wales. " Thomas Jones of Tregaron, gent., hath written " concerning Great Britain. " John Mil, of Tre'r Delyn, gent., hath written " concerning Great Britain. " Thomas ap Llewelyn ap Ithel, of Bodvary, in " Flint, hath written concerning all Britain. antiquities. To this end he was engaged in an extensive correspon- dence with persons of similar pur- suits, among whom were Archbishop Usher, Sir S. D'Ewes, Selden, and other eminent antiquaries. He formed at Hengwrt an unrivalled collection of Welsh manuscripts, many of which are of very early date. This collection was recently bequeathed by the late Sir K. W. Vaughan, Bart, to W. W. E. Wynne of Peniarth, Esq. M.P. We have chosen, however, to retain the old designation, as being better known to the literary world. Robert Vaughan died in 1666, xlii PREFACE. c< John ap William ap John, 1 of the same county, " hath written concerning all Britain. £t Sir Edward Hansel, of Glamorgan, knt., hath " written concerning Great Britain. " Sir Edward Stradling, k*., hath written concern- f< ing all Britain. " Bees ap Meyrick, of Cottrel, gent., who was " author of one of the fairest and most inquisitive " books in all Wales, and he hath written concerning " aU England. " Anthony Powel, of Tir yr Earle, hath written " concerning Great Britain. 2 " The names of the authorized Poets who hath " written concerning England and Wales : " Iolo Goch, Master of Arts, Poet Lawrell or Cheif " Poet, who hath written concerning the 3 provinces " of Wales, and he was the cheif est of Poets. " Howel Swrdwal, Master of Arts, Poet Lawrel, or £< Cheif Poet, who hath written concerning the three " provinces of Wales, and made a fair choronology in " Latin, from Adam to Edward 1st, and write the " Welsh Choronickle, which was with Owen Gwynedd, " the Poet. " Guttun Owen, Poet Lawrel, of Maelor, hath " written concerning the three provinces, and his " Books be very faire. " Evan Brechva, of South Wales, hath written con- " cerning the three provinces of Wales. " David ap Edmond, Poet Lawrel, or Cheif Musician, " who win d the Gold Chair, at the Excellent Con- " vocation or Sitting, South Wales. He lived at 1 This was John Jones of Gelli Lyvdy, whose volumes of MSS. amounting to upwards of fifty, are now preserved in the Hengwrt library. Among them is an exact copy, written by himself, of the Strata Florida Chronicle, which in all probability, is the history alluded to here. 2 This is probably the Chronicle of the Saxons, alluded to in note at page x\vi,po.st. PREFACE. xliii Hanmer, and hath written concerning the three provinces of Wales. et Gutto 'r Glynn, Poet Lawrel, Cheif Musician, one of the Bards or Poets that belonged to W m . Herbert, sen., Earl of Pembrook, and he hath written con- cerning the three provinces. " David ap Howel ap Howel ap Evan Vaughan, Poet Lawrel, or Cheif Musician, hath written con- cerning the three Provinces. " Howel ap Sir Mathew, Poet Lawrel, hath written concerning the three provinces. " Griffith Hiraethog, Poet Lawrel, or Cheif Musician, and Deputy at Armes over all Wales, under the Garter ; he hath written concerning all Britain, and his Disciples had his Books, viz. : " W m . Llyn, Poet Lawrel ; Owen Gwynedd, Poet Lawrel ; Simon Vaughan, Cheif Poet ; John Tudur, Cheif Poet ; W m . Cynwal, Poet • and John Philip, Poet. And they all writt very industriously con- cerning Wales, as appeareth per their Bookes, to this very day. " Lewis Morgan wg, Poet Lawrel, or Cheife Musician; he hath written concerning the three provinces, and Meurig David, and David Benwyn, Glamorgan- shire, Poets, had his Books, and they were fairly written. N John Brwywnog, Poet Lawrel, or Cheif Musician, of Anglesey, hath written concerning the 3 pro- vinces. " John Wynn ap D. David ap GrifFri, of Mont- gomeryshire, gent., hath written concerning all Wales. " Kobyn Achwr, of Northwales, hath written con- cerning the 3 provinces. " Maurice ap Dackin ap Pierce Treven, of Betus Cadewen, in Powis, gent., hath written concerning all Wales. xliv PREFACE. " Kees Cain, of Oswestree, who was Wm. Llyn's " Disciple, and a perfect man, and he hath written " concerning all Wales/' 1 The text The work now presented to the public is that which Chronicle we believe to have come to us from Strata Florida, whence The text of it, marked À., has been taken from the Ked Book of Herges t, now preserved in the archives of Jesus College, Oxford. At one time this manuscript was in the possession of the Mansell family, one of whom, Francis, was elected principal of Jesus College in 1620. It was lent by Lewis Mansell to Dr. John Davies, the author of the Welsh Grammar, who removed it from Glamorgan into North Wales. It subsequently passed into the hands of Thos. Wilkins, who presented it to the Welsh College, at Oxford, in 1701. The manuscript is a large folio, magnificently bound in morocco, of a colour to correspond with its designation of Red Book. The name Hergest refers to the place where it was originally found, in South Wales. It consists of 1442 columns, there being two columns in each page, thus making 721 pages in all. Count de la Villemarque in his " Notices des principaux Manuscrits c< des Anciens Bretons/' 2 expresses his opinion that it was written at different times, the former portion about 1318, indicated in column 516, the latter about 1454, in which year died Gwladus, whose elegy is sung by Lewis Glyn Cothi, and is inserted in column 1409. The Chronicle of the Princes commences in column 230, and belongs therefore to the former portion of the manuscript. Contents of The volume contains a variety of subjects; chronicles, Book. Cd romances, popular tales, historic triads, treatises on 1 The above list occurs at p. 91 of John Rbydderch's MS., and is printed among the notes at p. 331 of Lewis Dwn's " Heraldic Visita- tion of Wales," vol. 1. 2 Paris. Imprimerie Impériale. 1856. PREFACE. xlv grammar, versification, and physic, as well as poems from the sixth century to the fifteenth, all of them being written in the Welsh language. This manuscript has been selected on account of its Collated being entire, and written throughout in the same dialect, ^gg 0ther the Dimetian, as the majority of existing copies. It has been collated with two manuscripts at Hengwrt, designated as B. and C, with the Cottonian manuscript Cleopatra, B. v., here marked D., and. also with the book of Basingwerk, marked E., now belonging to T. T. Griffiths, Esquire, of Wrexham. The manuscript marked B. is a small cjuarto voiume p) escr jp. on vellum, in the Hengwrt library. It is imperfect at tion of the commencement ; but is the most correct of all the g anuscn P t manuscripts, and written in purest Dimetian dialect. At the commencement of each decade a place has been left for the illuminated initial. It is evidently older than manuscript A., as may be inferred not only from the character of the handwriting, but also from certain expressions used ; for instance, manuscript A. relates of a certain people " then they were dwelling about the " borders of the country" (p. 103), but the expression employed in manuscript B. is " they are still dwelling," which clearly points to an earlier period of time. It was probably written about the end of the thirteenth century. The variations in these two manuscripts are very few and unimportant, which makes it very pro- bable that one is a direct copy of the other. Fac similes of both are given with the present edition. C. is a Venedotian manuscript on vellum, agreeing Descrip- in matter with the preceding, but totally differing in tion of phraseology. The chronicle is carried down to 1282, ™ anuscri P t at which period there is a break to mark the termi- nation of the copy before the writer. The narrative is then continued to 1332. In addition to the Chronicle of the Princes this volume contains a religious com- mentary, a Welsh grammar, and poetical institutes, d xlvi PREFACE. with some Welsh poetry. It was written about the sixteenth century. Descrip- The manuscript marked D. 1 is a corrupted version manuscript of the preceding chronicle, amalgamated with the An- D ' nals of Winton, in order to connect, and detail, con- temporaneous occurrences in England and Wales. The portion devoted to Welsh events is very carelessly con- structed, the facts being in many instances perverted, and the language frequently obscure. This manuscript is in the Cottonian collection at the British Museum, and is there marked Cleopatra, B. V. ; it is written on vellum, and may be ascribed to the latter end of the fifteenth century. Descrip- Manuscript E. is a compilation of a similar character, tion of Jt was written by the celebrated bard and herald manuscript J E. Gutty n Owain, and is styled in some catalogues, " The Book of Basing/' on account of having been in the library of Basingwerk Abbey. The prior part of this manuscript contains an imperfect version of the Chronicle of the Kings, written about the end of the fourteenth century ; to supply the deficiency Guttyn Owain added the remainder from a dissimilar copy. It was this manuscript that the Rev. Peter Roberts adopted as the foundation for his publication of the Chronicle of the Kings, 2 and he considers it to be alto- 1 In the following extract this chronicle also is attributed to Cara- dog of Llancarvan : — " This is the History, called the Chronicle of the Saxons, composed by Caradog of Llancarvan, in Glamorgan, that is to say, a memorial of the kings of the Isle of Britain, who were Sax- ons, after the time of Cadwalader the Blessed, who was the last of the kings of the Britons, that had been kings of the island even from the time of Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great, until the time of the said Cadwalader, which was one thou- sand two hundred and fifty thee years, according to the Register of Memorials. And it was I Antony Powel of Tir Iarll in Glamorgan that wrote it from an old book at Plas y Bettws, which had been at Llwydarth. (The book of John Phillip of Treos)."— Welsh MS. 2 A Chronicle of the Kings of Britain, translated from the Welsh of Tysilio, 4to. 1811. PREFACE. xlvii gether a transcript by Guttyn Owain. He remarks the great change in the style at the part alluded to, but did not notice the variation in the handwriting and orthography, which distinction is sufficiently obvious. Guttyn Owain then adds the Chronicle of the Saxons, enlarging the genealogical notices, and carries it down to 1461. This differs in diction from manuscript D., but very little in matter ; both are taken from a common source, adapted by each writer to the idiom and literary language of his province. It is written on vellum, and is now in the possession of Thos. T. Griffiths, Esquire, of Wrexham. Inasmuch as manuscript B. is of older date, and Various therefore of greater antiquity than any of the other readings ' versions, it has been deemed advisable to notice all its variations, however slight, with the minutest care. Owing to the very close manner in which it agrees throughout with the text, the Editor has been enabled to do this without much inconvenience. No such accuracy, however, has been, nor indeed could well be, observed with the verbal peculiarities of the other copies, except in the case of proper names. Indeed the collation of the last two, in consequence of the very wide difference they exhibit from the text in point of phraseology, has been mainly confined to mere matters of fact. All these additional facts have been incorporated with the text, wherever they would con- veniently cohere, being enclosed within brackets, but where this could not be well done, the variations form a second text. The mere verbal variations are referred to by a How small numeral, thus ( [ ) ; but such as form a second notlced - text are marked by a small Roman letter, thus ( a ). These, as well as the bracketted words, are referred to their respective copies by a numeral. There is also used another mark, called a tick, thus ('). In the body of the text this mark shows the end of a d2 xlviii PEEFACE. passage, for which a various reading is to be found, and in the notes a corresponding tick has been placed immediately after the numeral. The brackets have not been introduced into the translation at all, the tick being made to serve instead. The trans- As to the translation, it has been attempted to lation. render this as literal as possible, without becoming obscure, or doing much violence to the idiom of the language. The copious Glossary, which has been added, will greatly assist the curious reader in testing the fidelity with which it has been executed. Marginal The marginal chronology is taken for the most logy] 10 " P ar ^ f* rom manuscript D., as far as that chronicle extends, that is, to about the year 1198. Afterwards it follows the arrangement of manuscript C, and thus continues to the end. The ^ It now remains that the Editor should tender his obligations, thanks to those kind friends who have in any way assisted him in preparing the present volume for the press. His special thanks are due to Lady Llanover, always foremost in every attempt to promote the literature of her native country, for access to valuable transcripts in her possession. He desires to express his great obligation to W. W. E. Wynne, Esq., of Peniarth, M.P. for the county of Merioneth, for leave to examine the Hengwrt MSS. at his house, when the late Sir R. W. Vaughan, Bart., was suffering from a severe domestic affliction ; — to the Principal and Fellows of Jesus College, Oxford, for facilities afforded him in examining the Red Book of Hergest ; and lastly to his friend Mr. Kenward, near Birmingham, for assist- ance in the tedious work of compiling an Index to the whole volume. VARIOUS READINGS REFERRED TO IN The Copy of the Chronicle of the Princes, which is printed in the Second Volume of the Myvyrian Archaiology, and which professes to be a tran- script of that in the Eed Book of Hergest, made by " R. Davies/' m the year 1780. 1 Text. Various Readings. Page Line 4, 22, ijruai cnmaeiauc VTcll Llllllcieitl Wl) U.JT. IVlO. Jul. 6, 5, MaesydaOc MagedaOc, P. Maes Edawc, LI. MS. j> 20, Fferuaael - Ffermael, D.P. Ffernael, LI. MS. 8, 16, Rei - Run, D.P. 55 55 Dyued - - Dyfed, MS. LI. 10, 10, Tryffin - - GrufFyth, D.P. 55 55 Rein Run. 55 15, Kynon Conan, D.P. 55 17, RywynyaG Rhyvonioc, D.P. 12, 3, Satubin - Saturbin, MS. LI. 3, ymeith - Ymddeith, MS. LI. » 7, Nifer - Nifer, D.P. 55 9, Dubkynt - Dubert, D.P. 55 24, DOrngarth - Dwngarth, LI. MS. Dun- garth, D.P. 16, 7, Dwy vlyned— -Ruf- Ac yna y bu farw Cadweithen, ein. MS. LI. Ac y bu farw Hywel yn Rhufein. 18, 1, un - Rufein, lb. 1 These were not made use of in the body of the present work, because the Editor had no access to the MSS. from which they have been taken, and could not therefore vouch for their correctness. lii THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. Text. Various Readings. Page Line 64, 24, gor - gor on, MS. LI. 55 26, Prydeîn Picteit. 66, 20, decern — gyntaf neu o bobtu liynny, Mb. Ll. 68, 11, ynbyn yn erbyn, MS. LI. 55 20, ufenhin 1 urenhin . a 26, ac om., MS. LI. 72, 10, MOrchath - Mwrthach, MS. LI. 55 15, gOelet gwybod, MS. LI. 55 24, gastell castell i'r brenhin, MS. LI. 74, 26, Ac — y brenliin 2 - Ac yna y gelwit Iorwoerth uab Bledyn y Amwythic drwy dwyll i cyghor y bren- hin, MS. LI. 76, 6, kedernit gedernid, MS. LI. 55 „ ae liecliyt a iechyd, MS. LI. 55 16, gychwynnaOd gylchynawdd, MS. LI. 55 9, GadOgaOn GAvgawn, MS. LI. 55 12, nos - om., MS. LI. 5? 20, meint - faint, MS. LI. 55 55 idi - - - iddaw, lb. 55 21, llaò UaO. Ac ychydic amser wedi hynny y gweled dwy leu ad, y naill yn y dwyrein ar Hall yn y gorllewm, MS. LI. 80, 10, darestygùys - ddodes, MS. LI. 55 ,, diwed - - - niwedd, MS. LI. 55 12, ac gan, MS. LI. 55 24, eu om., MS. LI. 55 26, gOlat - - - wlad, MS. LI. 82, 11, hediO - heddyw, MS. LI. 81, 8, yndaO - ynddi, MS. LI. 55 12, hi om., Ib. 55 „ kanys - yng nghylch, MS. LI. 55 17, OrthaO - wrth. 55 „ yssyd - a oeddynt, MS. LI. 55 29, y- - - - yn, MS. LI. This word is omitted in copy. j 2 Omitted in copy. VARIOUS READINGS. liii Text. Various Readings. 55 90, Page Line 88, 22, Cornnec 26, reig 1 - 9, ymgerydu - 10, dywedut „ y neb - „ ymgedymdeithock- au. 19, offeirat • 20, agkyweithas - 4, MOrchath 17, Ridit - 11, ac ny — brenhin 92, 55 94, 98, 102, 106, 18, daly - 20, dalaOd - 17, ytyghetuen - 15, mi 2 5, oedynt- 27, ac adaO — tan 108, 11, hyrrOyd 110, 19, Madavc S „ 25, yspiwyr yno - „ 27, a dala - 112, 2, Yna y deuth „, 8, RiO - Corunec, MS. LI. reig. ymgredu, MS. LI. dyweddi, lb. om., Ib. ymgydymcleithaw, MS. LI. offeirieit, MS. LI. kyweithas, MS. LI. Murtarch, MS. LI. Riddid, MS. LI. ae ni lefasawdd neb arwein ei genadwri hyd at y bren- hin, MS. LI. talu, MS. LI. talawdd, Ib. dyngedfen, MS. LI. mi. a aethant, MS. LI. ac adaO Iorwoerth y tan, MS. LI. herwyd, MS. LI. Madawc, MS. LI. anfon yspiwyr a wnaeth yno, MS. LI. ae ddaly, Ib. Yn i ddoeth. RiO. Ac yng ngliylch yr am- ser yma y bu ddaear grynn mawr yn Amwythic o fore hyd hwyr. A hefyd yr amser hwnnw yr ymddang- oses seren gynfFonnawc ac y bu aiaf caled yn ol hynny, a marwolaeth a phrinder, MS. LI. 1 Reing in copy. 2 un iu copy. 3 Maredud in A. liv THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. Text. Various Headings. Page Line 112, 14, tir - dir, lb. » 23, Cỳrnýw 1 KernyO. „ Blataon Blathaon. 114, 13, Pennaeth - Pennant, D.P. 118, 15, y Dyfet - i Ddyfed, MS. LI. 55 24, GOyned - gwydd, MS. LI. 122, 4, beuafyeit hennafieid, lb. ?> 9, aniben - - am benn, MS. LI. 124, 4, dyn - - dyn, MS. LI. 126, 2, Cafóy - Cofwy. Tofwy, lb. ?> 23, Selyf - - Selyf ddoeth, lb. 55 „ aOna - aOna yr, MS. LI. 55 24, dyn - - dyn, lb. 55 26, ynvydyon deithiau, lb. 55 28, gyfyaOnder - cyfiawnder, MS. LI. 128, 2, chyfaduab . chyfadnabod, MS. LI. Ib. j> 3, a dunnaO addunaw, Ib. ?> „ arglOydiaetheu arglwyddiaethu, Ib. ?j 17, ymoscryn . ymystrin, MS. LI. 22, y deuth yd oed, Ib. 55 23, y drigyaO yn trigaw, Ib. 130, 12, AnafrOyd - AnaddasrOydd, Ib. 132, 28, thynnu thynnu attunt, MS. LI. 134, 2, yggOrthallt - nghwr allt, Ib. ?? 25, coetir - ynial, Ib. 136, 2, deuth - - ddoethant, MS. LI. 55 3, wyr - lu, Ib. 140, 27, MaOdúy2 . - Mawddwy, MS. LI. 142, 9, y vrodyr ae vrodyr, Ib. 144, 13, luossogrOyd - - luoed, MS. LI. 55 24, debygynt - debygid, MS. LI. 146, 21, y foynt o doynt, Ib. 148, 17, gOyr - - gwr, MS. LI. 154, 8, Blen - - Paine, D.P. 156, 7, KadOga6n Cadwallawn, MS. LI. 160, 11, geith - - gyweith, MS. LI. Iwerdon in A. I 2 MadaOc in A. VARIOUS READINGS. lv Text. Various Readings. Page Line 162, 14, Idnerth lorwerth, lb. 164, 2, ac ac nas, MS. LI. 166, 2, o Gymry o Gymru, MS. LI. ?> 4, Gemaron Gemaeron, lb. 55 6, kastell ColOyn Gastell Colwyn, lb. 55 12, Aberteiui Aberteifi, MS. LI. 5» 25, gyssegredigaeth - gyssegredic, lb. 168, 1, aghenn angeu, lb. 55 21, yn arueu ac arueu, MS. LI. 170, 18, dyat - - - dyfiad, lb. 55 27, chlaear chlaer, lb. 172, 2, YrOydgruc - y Rwydgruc. 55 19, GOiss 1 - Gwiss, MS. LI. 174, 14, ydeuth 2 y deuth. 55 16, ae galó a galw, MS. LI. 55 23, arOydon arwon, lb. 55 31, vrenhin frenhin, MS. LI. 176, 26, y Geredigyaon o GeredigyaOn, lb. 180, 18, gGrthladyr Catwal- gwrthladwyd Cadwaladyr, adyr. MS. LI. 182, 7, Aberuyn Aberavan, D.P. 184, 3, ar offeren a Rosser, MS. LI. 55 10, hytt - - hyd, lb. 55 22, o- - - - 0. 186, 12, amynet — Rudlan - a mynet hyt yn Rhuddlan, ivro t l IVIo. JLI. 55 55 yn greulaOn - om., Ib. 188, 9, llogwyr llongeu, MS. LI. 190, 24, Ac ny — hynny Ac ni mynnawdd y brenhin beri iawn iddaO am hynny, MS. LI. 192, 22, ac ydd, MS. LI. 194, 16, aghenn angeu, Ib. 55 55 Oylua - wyddfa,MS. LI. 55 28, WiceO - Wiccw Wicwm, Ib. 196, 26, ab Owe in a Owein, MS. LI. 1 GOiff in copy. | 2 yd aeth in copy. Ivi THE CHRONICLE OP THE PRINCES. Text. Various Readings. Page Line - ■ 198, 14, uuduchockau ufuddoecau, lb. 200, 14, deuuab 1 deu uab. » ,, ldnerth2 Idnerth. 15, ef - ' - wynt, MS. LI. 204, 4, Dieruut Diermit. 55 20, dywetit dyweid, MS. LI. 206, 10, Diernut Diermit. j > 55 MOrchath - Mwrtach, MS. LI. n 19, ae — Kymry - a dewredd y Cymry, MS. LI. 208, 7, achledỳfeu - a chleddyfeu, lb. 55 8, Terstig Trist. Strisliug. 55 11, Dieruut Diermit. 214, 23, daOn - daOu ac urdas, MS. LI. 216, 5, dyuot gwil - dyuot gwyl, MS. LI. 211, 9, Or wyr, MS. LI. 222, 8, o bei vyO a fei fwy, MS, LI. 55 9, o bei vyO a fei fwy, lb. 224, 11, wledychei — Caer ac yua o ddeisyfyd gyrch y Llion. goresgyn y Ffreinc Gaer Lliou, MS. LI. 226, 28, Reinys Remys. 228, 5 , gerd arwest - genedloedd arwest. 234, 2, Maelgún 3 - MaelgOyn. 240, 15, y Gamaron - yng Nghamaron, MS. LI. 55 18, kymhydeu - kymhydeu o bobtu, MS. LI. 242, 12, traethu saetliu. 246, 2, baed - yu wherun, MS. LI. 254, 16, dròy dOyll 4 ~ drwy dwyll, MS. LI. 55 22, OOeiu OOeiu Gwyuedd, lb. 29, a llaOed gau allwed. 260, 10, meibon meibou GrufFudd, MS. LI. 268, 29, laO laOy brenhin, MS. LI. 270, 22, c as tell cestyll, MS. LI. 272, 7, ar Sarassinyeit ac or Sarasinieid, MS. LI. 282, 5, a ieirll ae ieirll, MS. LI. 1 Deunaö in copy. I 3 MadaOc in copy. 2 Iorwoerth in copy. \ 4 Not in copy. VARIOUS READINGS. Ivii Text. Various Readings. Pago Lino 282, 16, idaO - om., MS. LI. 290, 17, echrestyr - chiaster, MS. LI. 292, 30, mlyned mlyned o oedran, MS. LI. 298, 16, kymu - cymododd, MS. LI. 316, 12, Kori - - Keii, D.P. 318, 3, CamtaOn Camtwm. 4, yn 1 - - yn, MS. LI. 320, 31, BOlch - - Bwch, MS. LI. 322, 18, narchogyon 2 uarcliogryon. 28, ygkabidyldy - senedd-dy, MS. LI. 328, 2, yr brenhin - i Henri frenhin, MS. LI. 55 24, vrenhin - frenhin, MS. LI. 334, 20, Damieta 3 Damieta. 342, 10, Eiù - - Riwyn, MS. LI. 55 16, a rami 4 Q. an. a ran. 344, 2, Toran - Coram 7, kymmodes - - cyfodes, MS. LI. 5? 22, kymydaOd - cymodawdd, lb. 27, gan - dan, lb. 350, 26, Leos - - Lewes, MS. LI. 370, 11, EtmGnts Etmwnt. 1 Y in copy. 2 dywyssogyon in copy. 3 Danneta in copy. 4 Garan in A. 5 EtAvart in copy. CORRIGENDA. Page Line 41, 29, for Llandav read Llandaf. 59, 23, 24, for Uchtrud read Uchtryd. 74, 26, 27, dele brackets and reference. 93, 32, after Ceredigion add of the foreign nations to inhabit it. 95, 18, for Rickart read Rickert. 120, 15, for danyon read dynyon. 124, 3, for anoeitheu read anreitheu. 146, 12, for w eic read wreic. 1 48, 30, for ac read ae. 167, 17, for belonging to the son of Uchtryd read in Mabudrud. 192, 12, for arneu read aruei. 239, 13, 14, for Gwis read Gwys. 243, 6, and 283, 1, 25, for Hyvaidd read Hyveidd. \ BRUT Y TYWYSOGION; OR THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES OF WALES. A BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dclxxxi. Petwar ugeint mlyned a whechant 1 [ac vn] oed oet Crist pan vu y uarûlyaeth uaOr drOy holl ynys Prydein. 2 Ac o dechreu byt hyt yna yd oed blOydyn eissieu o petwar ugeint mlyned ac Gyth cant aphum mil/ Ac yny vl6ydyn lionno y bu uarO KadOaladyr uendig- eit uab KadwallaOn uab Catuan brenliin y Brytanyeit yn Rufein y deuclecuet dyd o Vei ; megys y proffOyd- assei Vyrdin kyn no hynny 6rth (jrtheyrn gGrth- eneu : ac o hynny allan y colles y Brytanyeit goron y teyrnas ac yd ennillaòd y Saeson hi. dclxxxiii. Ac yn ol Kadwaladyr y gòledychaùd luor uab Alan vrenhin LlydaO, yr honn a elwir Bryt- aen uechan ; ac nyt megys brenliin namyn megys pennaeth neu tywyssaOc. A hOnnO agynhellis llywod- raeth ar y Brytanyeit Oyth mlyned a deugein, ac yna y bu uarO. Ac yny ol ynteu y gOledychaOd Rodri MaelOynaOc. dclxxxv. Ac yn oes hOnnO 1 [ a dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarOolyaeth yn Iòerdon. dclxxxvii. Ac yna 1 [ b 3 r vlwydyn nessaf y honno] y crynaòd y dayar yn c LlydaO. aM Ac ýn ýr eil vlwjdyn gwedý dŷuot luor ýr ýnýs honn, b/4 petwÿrýd ylwýdýn gwedý dýnot Ivor ÿr ŷnỳs honn, c4 Manaw. | * Not in C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 681. Six hundred and eighty 1 one was the year of Christ, when the great mortality took place through the whole island of Britain. 2 And from the beginning of the world until that period one year was wanting of five thousand eight hundred and eighty years/ And in that year Cadwalader the Blessed, son of Cadwallon, son of Cadvan, kino; of the Britons, died at Rome, on the twelfth day of May ; as Myrddin had previously prophesied to Vortigern of Repulsive Lips j and thenceforth the Britons lost the crown of the kingdom, and the Saxons gained it. 683. And after Cadwalader, Ivor, son of Alan, king of Armorica, which is called Little Britain, reigned ; not as a king, but as a chief or prince And he exer- cised government over the Britons for forty-eight years, and then died. And after him Rhodri Molwynog reigned. 685. And in his time a 1 two years subsequently/ there was a mortality in Ireland. 687. And then, h the year following.' there was an earthquake in c Armorica, a ' 4 And in the second year after Ivor came to this island, bM the fourth year after Ivor came to this island, c 4 Man. s In MS. ar, and the. I 4 D. E. 4 BRUT Y TYWYSOCÍON. DCLXXXVlii. Ac yna 1 [ a pedeir blynecl wedy hynny] y y glaO gwaet yn ynys Prydein ac Iwerdon. dcxc. 2 Deg mlyned a phedwar ugein a whechant oed oet Crist yna/ ac yna yd ymchoelaOd y llaeth ar emenyn yn waet. dcxcii. 3 [Dwy vlyned wedy hynny] ar lleuat aym- choelaOd yn waetaOl liG. dcciv. 1 [Pedeir blyned a] seith cant mlyned oed oet Crist pan vu uarO 4 Elffryt brenliin y Saeson, 1 [ac y kladpwyd yn Dam nan.] 5 DCCX. b Deg mlyned a seithgant oed oet Crist' pan vu varO Pipin vOyaf brenhin Ffreinc. Ac yna kyn oleuet oed y nos ar dyd. DCCXVI. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uar6 6 Osbric brenhin y Saeson. dccxvii. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y kyssegrOyt eglOys Lan Vihaggel. dccxx. Vgein mlyned a seith cant oed oet Crist pan vu yr haf tessaúc. DCCXXI. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarù Beli uab Elfin. Ac y bu vrOydyr 7 Heilin 8 [a Rhodri Malwýnawc] YgkernyO, a gOeit 9 GCarchmaelaOc, achat Pen 10 Coet yn Eheubarth. Ac yn y teir brôydyr hynny y goruu y Brytanyeit. dccxxviii. c Deg mlyned ar hugeint a seith cant oed oet Crist/ pan vu vrOydyr ym mynyd Carn. DCCXXXV. cl Deugeint mlyned f a seith cant oed oet Crist pan uu varO Beda oifeirat. aH blwỳdýn gwedỳ hýnný V 1 2 Blwydyn wedy hynny c' is d W v vlyned wedy hynny d'i2 Py m thec mlyned arhugeint • a nJ Not in C. D. E. 3 a d. e. * Elfric, C. Elfvicus, D. E. 5 DCCVIIT. D. 6 Osbrit, D. E, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 5 688. And then, * 1 four years after that/ it rained blood in the island of Britain, and in Ireland. 690. 2 Six hundred and ninety was then the year of Christ/ and then the milk and butter turned to Wood. 692. 3 Two years after that/ and the moon turned of a bloody colour. 704. 1 Four years and' seven hundred was the year of Christ, when 4 Elfry t, king of the Saxons, died, 1 and was buried at Damnan/ 710. Seven hundred and ten was the year of Christ/ when Pepin the Elder, king of France, died. And then the night was as light as day. 716. And then, *a year after that/ 6 Osbric, king of the Saxons, died. 717. And, 1 a year after that/ the church of St. Michael was consecrated. 720. Seven hundred and twenty was the year of Christ, when the hot summer happened. 721. And then, 1 a year after that/Beli, son of Elfin, died. And the battle of 7 Heilin, 8 with Rhodri Mol- wynog/ took place in Cornwall ; and the action of Garthmaelog, and the fight of Pencoed in South Wales. And in those three battles the Britons were victorious, 728. c Seven hundred and thirty was the year of Christ/ when there was a battle on Carn mountain. 735. Seven hundred and forty' was the year of Christ, "when Bede the priest died. a 11 A year after that b' is A year after that c/ 12 Two years after that d ' 12 Thirty-five years 10 Kwn, a 11 1), E. 12 a 6 BRUT Y TYWYSQGIOST. dccxxxvi. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO Owein brenhin y Picteit. DCCL. Deg mlyned a deugeiut a seith cant oed oet Crist pan vu y vrOydyr r6g y Brytanyeit ar Picteit yg gOeith 2 MaesydaOc, ac y UadaOd y Brytanyeit Tal- argan brenhin y Picteit. Ac yna y bu uarO TeOdOr uab Beli. DCCLIV. Ac 1 fpecleir blyned wedy hynny] y bu uarO Bodri 3 [Maelwynawc] brenhin y Brytanyeit ; dcclvii. Ac ! [teir blyned wedy hynny] Etbalt brenhin y Saeson. dcclx. Trugein mlyned a seith cant oed oet Crist pan vu brùydyr y ròg y Brytanyeit ar Saeson yg gOeith Henfford. Ac y bu uarO Dyfynwal uab Tew- dOr. DCCLX VIII. a Deg mlyned a thrugein a seith cant oed oet Crist' pan symndOyt Pasc y Brytanyeit drOy orchymyn Elbot gór y DuO. DCCLXXIII. 1 [Teir blyned ardec athrugein a seith gant oed oed Krist,] ac yna y bu uarO 4 Ffernuail uab Idwal 5 [iwrch]. dcclxxiv. 6 [Blwydyn wedi hynny y bu varw Ky- moycl vrenhin y Picteid ;] dcclxxv. A Chubert abat 6 [y vlwydyn nessaf wedy hynny]. dcclxxvi. Ac yna 1 [y vlwydyn nessaf y honno] b y bu distiyO y Deheubarthwyr gan Ofla vrenhin/ a' 7 Wyth mlyned wedy hynny, V s g W ý r Debeubarth Kymre a diffeithassant ýr ÿnỳs h} r d ar OiFa brenhin Mers. ■ a i *d.e. * Mictouc, C. Metgetawc, D. j 1 Ffermael, I). £. Magedawc, E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 7 736. And then, 1 a year after that/ Owain, king of the Picts, died. 750. Seven hundred and fifty was the year of Christ, when the battle between the Britons and Picts took place, to wit, the action of 2 Maesydog, and the Britons killed Talargan, king of the Picts. And then Tewdwr, son of Beli, died. 754 And, 1 four years after that/ Ehodri 3 Molwynog, king of the Britons, died ; 757. And, 1 three years after that/ Edbalt, king of the Saxons. 760. Seven hundred and sixty was the year of Christ, when a battle between the Britons and Saxons took place, to wit, the action of Hereford. And Dyvnwal, son of Tewdwr, died. 768. a Seven hundred and seventy was the year of Christ/ when the Easter of the Britons was altered by the command of Elbod, a man of God. 773. 1 Seven hundred and seventy-three was the year of Christ/ and then 4 Fern vail, son of Idwal 5 the Roe/ died. 774. 6 A year after that Cemoyd, king of the Picts, died/ 775. And abbot Cubert, 6 the next year after that/ 776. And then, 1 the next year to that/ b the de- struction of the South Wales men by king Offa took place/. a' 7 Eight years after that, 8 the men of the South part of Wales devastated the island as far as Offa, king of Mercia. 6 C. D E. -> 8 BRUT Y TYWYS0G10X. dcclxxxiv. a Pedwar ugein mlyned a seith cant oed oet Crist pan diffeithaOd Offa urenhin y Brytanyeit yn amser haf/ DCCXCV. b Deg ' mlyned a phedOar ugein a seith cant oed oet Crist pan deuth y Paganyeit gyntaf y Iwerdon, 1 [ac y distrywyd Rechrenn.] dccxcvi. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bn uarO Offa vrenliin ; a Maredudd brenhin Dyfet c ac y bu' vrOydyr yn Rudlan. dccxcvtii. d Wytli cant mlyned oed oet Crist ' pan ladaOd y Saeson GaradaOc brenhin GOyned. dcccvii. 2 [Seith mlyned ac wythgant oed oecl Krist,] ac yna y bu uarO Arthen vrenhin KeredigyaOn. Ac y bu diffyc ar yr heul. DCCCVin. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO Rei vrenhin 1 [Dyued] a Chadell brenhin Powys. BCCCix. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny y bu varw] Elbot archescob GOyned. DCCCX. Deg mlyned ac uyth cant oed oet Crist pan duaOd y lleuat duO Nadolyc. Ac y lloscet MynyO. & f s rp e ^ r "biyned wedy hynny yr haf y distrywyd y Brytannyeid gyd ac Offa. 4 Yr haf ỳ diffeithws ý Kymre kyuoeth Oifa, ac ýna ý peris Offa gwneuthur clawd ýn deruýn rýng- thaw a Chỳmre ual y bei haws ỳdaw gwrthnebu ý rutbýr ỳ elỳnion, a hwnnw a elwit giawd Offa ýr hýnnỳ hýd hedŷw/ 5 Ac ef y sydd yn estynnv or mor yr Hall nid amgen or dehev yn emyl Brvsto tv ar gogledd gorvwch y Fíîint y rwng mynachloc ddinas Basing a mynydd y Gîo/ b/6 Pump c/6 yny d' 6 Bwy viyned wedy hynny, 1 C. D. E. 2 a 3/ a 1 D.E, THE CHRONICLE OF THE P1UNCES. !) 784. a Seven hundred and eighty was the year of Christ, when king Offa spoiled the Britons in summer time/ 795. Seven hundred and ninety was the year of Christ, when the Pagans first came to Ireland, 1 and Racline was destroyed/ 796. And, 2 a year after that/ king Offa died ; and Maredudd, king of Dyved ; c and a / battle took place at Ruddlan. 798. d Eight hundred was the year of Christ/ when the Saxons killed Caradog, king of Gwynedd. 807. 2 Eight hundred and seven was the year of Christ/ and then Arthen, king of Ceredigion, died. And there was an eclipse of the sun. 808. And, 2 a year after that/ Rein, king of 1 Dy- ved/ died ; and Cadell, king of Powys. 809. And, 2 a year after that, died ' Elbod, archbishop of Gwynedd. 810. Eight hundred and ten was the year of Christ, when the moon turned black on Christmas day ; and a' s Three years after that, in the summer, the Bri- tons were destroyed with Offa. 4 In the summer the Welsh devastated the territory of Offa, and then Offa caused a dike to be made, as a boundary between him and Wales, to enable him the more easily to withstand the attack of his enemies, and that is called Ofía/s dike from that time to this day/ 5 And it extends from one sea to the other, from the south, near Bristol, to the north, above Flint, between the monastery of Basingwerk and Coleshill/ *>' 6 Five c c in the d ' 6 Two years after that, 10 BRUT Y TTWYSOGIOX. Ac y bu uarOolyaeth 1 [ar] yr anifeileit a ar hyt ynys Prydein/ DCCCXI. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy liynny] y bu uarO 0 wein uab Maredud. Ac y lloscet Deganwy o tan my lit. DCCCXH. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedi hynny] y bu vrOydyr y rOg Howel a Chynan, a Howel aoruu. DCCCXV. Ac yna 1 [teir blyned wedi liynoy] y bu daran uaOr ac y gònaeth 11a wer o loscuaeu. Ac y bu uarò 2 Tryfíìn uab 3 Rein. Ac y lias Grifí'ri uab Kyn- gen 4 [ap Kadell] o dòyll Elisse y uraOt. Ac y goruu Howel o ynys Uon. Ac y gyrraOd Gynan y uraOt o Von ymeith y gan lad llaOer oe lu. dccoxvii. Ac 1 [dwy vlyned wedy liynny] b eilweith y gyrròyt Howel o Von/ Ac y bu uarO 5 Kynon urenhin 6 [Gwyned]. Ac y diffeitliaòd y Saeson niyn- yded Eryri, ac y dugant urenliinyaetli RywynyaOc. dcccxviii* Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy liynny] y bu 7 [ýmlad ỳn Mon, ŷr liwn a elwit] weith Llan uaes. DCCCXIX. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy liynny] y diffeitliaGd GenOlf brenhinyaetlieu Dyfet. DCCCXXili. 1 [Teir blyned ar] ugein mlyned ac Oytli cant oed oet Crist pan distrywyt castell Deganwy gan y Saeson. Ac yna y due y Saeson urenhinyaeth Powys yn eu medyant. DCCCXXV. Ac 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarO HoOel ; 7 [brenbin Manaw.] drwý holl Kymry. b' 8 ý deholet o Vanaw. ü y deliolet Howel i Van- aw. 1 a 2 Grufud, C\ V. E. 3 Run, C. 4 E. : ' Cynan, C. D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. II Menevia was burnt ; and there was a mortality among the cattle a over the island of Britain/ 811. And, ] a year after that/ Owain, son of Mared- udd, died. And Dyganwy was burnt by lightning. 812. And, *a year after that/ a battle took place between Howel and Cynan ; and Howe! conquered. 815. And then, 1 three years after that/ there was a great thunder-storm, which caused many conflagra- tions ; and 2 Tryffin, son of 3 Rein, died ; and Griffri, son of Cyngen, 4 son of Cadell/ was slain, through the treachery of his brother Elisse ; and Howel subdued the isle of Mona ; and expelled his brother Cynan from Mona, killing many of his army. 817. And, 1 two years after that/ b Howel was a se- cond time driven from Mona / and 5 Cynon, king 6 of Gwynedd/ died ; and the Saxons ravaged the moun- tains of Eryri, and took the kingdom of Rhuvoniog. 818. And, 1 a year after that/ 7 a fight took place in Mona, called ' the action of Llanvaes. 819. And, 1 a year after that/ Cenulf ravaged the kingdoms of Dyved. 823. 1 Three and ' twenty and eight hundred was the year of Christ, when the castle of Dyganwy was destroyed by the Saxons. And then the Saxons took the kingdom of Powys into their possession. 825. • And, 1 two years after that/ Howel, 7 king of Man/ died. a' 8 through all Wales. b/ 8 was driven from Man ; 9 Howel was driven to Man ; 6 E. 7 Z>. E, 9 E. 12 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. DCCCXXXI. 1 [Vn mlyned ar] deg mlyned ar hugein ac Oyth cant oed oet Crist pan vu diffyc ar y lieu at a yr Oythuet dyd o vis Kacuyr/ Ac y bu varG 2 Satu- bin escob MynyO. DCCCXL, Deugein mlyned ac Oyth cant oed oet Crist pan wledychaOd h Meuruc ' escob ym MynyO. DCCCXLII. Ac 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarO IdwallaOn. dcccxliv. Ac 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu gOeith 3 KetylL Ac y bu varO Meruyn 4 [urÿch]. dcccxlviii. Ac 1 [pedeir blyned wedy hynny] y bu weith Ffmant. Ac y lias 5 Ithel brenhin GOent ygan wyr BrecheinaOc. DCCCXLIX. c Deg mlyned a deugein ac Gythcant oed oet Crist' pan las Meuruc y gan y Saeson. DCCCL. 1 [Dec mlyned a deugeint ac wythgant oed oet Krist,] d ac y tagòyt Kyngen y gan y genedloed/ dcccliii. Ac 1 [teir blyned wedy hynny] y diffeith- Oydt Mon y gan y kenhedloecl duon. dcccliv. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hymiy] y bu uarO Kyngen vrenhin Powys yn Eufein. DCCCL VI. 6 [Dwy vlyned wedy hynny y bu varw Kemoyth vrenhin y Picteid]. Ac y bu uarO Ionathal tywyssaOc Abergeleu. dccclx. 7 [Trugein mlyned ac wythgant oed oet Krist pan vv varw Maelsalacheu. 8 VIII. kt. Novembr. ij/ 9 bonhedic c/1 ° Blwydyn wedy hynnyj (V 11 pan ladawd y Paganyeid Gyngen. 1 a 8 Saturbyn, C. B. E. 3 Kadell, E. 1 D. E. 5 Ithael, C. ö C.D.E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 13 831. 1 One and' thirty and eight hundred was the year of Christ, when the eclipse of the moon hap- pened on a the eighth day of the month of December/ And 2 Satubin, bishop of Menevia, died. 840. Eight hundred and forty was the year of Christ, when ^Meurug, the' bishop, governed in Me- nevia. 842. And, 1 two years after that/ Idwallon died. 844 And, 1 two years after that/ the action of 3 Cetyll took place. And Mervyn 4 the Freckled/ died. 848. And, 1 four years after that/ the action of Fin- nant took place. And 5 Ithel, king of Gwent, was slain by the men of Brecheiniog. 849. c Eight hundred and fifty was the year of Christ/ when Meurug was killed by the Saxons. 850. 1 Eight hundred and fifty was the year of Christ/ c1 and Cyngen was strangled by the Pagans/ 853. And, 1 three years after that/ Mona was ravaged by the black Pagans. - 854. And, 1 a year after that/ Cyngen, king of Powys, died in Eome. 856. 6 Two years after that Cemoyth, king of the Picts, died/ And Ionathal, prince of Abergeleu, died, 860. 7 Eight hundred and sixty was the year of Christ; when Maelsalacheu died. a ' 8 the 8th of the calends of November. 1} ' 9 a noble e' io A year after that, d' 10 when the Pagans killed Cyngen. 7 a d. 8 D. Not hi a 9 C. Not in D. E. 10 c. 14 BRUT Y TTWTSOGION. dccclxii. Dwy vlyned wedy] trugein mlyned ac Oyth cant oed oet Crist n pan yrrtyt 1 KatGeitheu ymeith.' dccclxiv. 2 [ h Dwy vlyned wedy hynny y diffeith- yawd honno y Glynyssic/] DCOCLXV. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bo narO Kynan c Uant Nifer/ dcoclxyi. Ac 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diffeith- wyt Kaer Efraùc d ygkat ' Dubkynt. DCCCLXix. e Deor mlyned a thrugein ac Gyth cant oed oet Crist ' pan vu kat f Kryn Onnen. dccclxx. 3 [Deg mlyned athrugeint ac wytbgant oed oed Krist,] ac y torret Kaer Alclut y gan y Paganyeit. DCCCLXXI. Ac 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bodes G6g- a r »n nab Meuruc brenhin KeredigyaOn. dccclxxiii. Ac 3 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu weith Bangolen 4 [ac yno y lias Kynan :] a gOeith 5 Meneo'vd vm Mon. Ac v bu narO Meuruc escob bonhedic. dccclxxiy. Ac 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y kyraerth 6 LOmbert escobaOt Vynyd. DCCCLXXY. Ac 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bodes Dorngarth urenhin KernyO. dccclxxyi. Ac 7 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu weith duO Sul ym Mon. a ' 8 ỳ bu cat G weith en. b ' 9 v difFeithwyt Glŷwýsig ac ŷd alldudwỳd hwynt. c ' 10 nawd nifer. d/ 10 y g an gad 8 a c ỳ bu cat e ' 10 Teir blyned wedy hynny, f ' n brynn onnen. 1 Katweithen. C. ; C. D. 5 a 3 Ynegyd, C. D. E. I e Himbert, C. Lucberth. JD. E. THE CHRONICLE OE THE PRINCES. 15 862. Two years after ' eight hundred and sixty years was the year of Christ, a when Cadweithen was driven away/ 864. 2b Two years after that, he ravaged Glywysig/ 865. And, 2 a year after that/ Cynan, c of Nant Nyver/ died. 866. And, 3 a year after that/ Caer Evrog was de- vastated J in the battle ' of Dubkynt. 869. e Eight hundred and seventy was the year of Christ/ when the battle of f Cryn Onen ' took place. 870. 3 Eight hundred and seventy was the year of Christ/ and Caer Alclut was demolished by the Pagans. 871. And, 3 a year after that/ Gwgawn, son of Meurug, king of Ceredigion, was drowned. 873. And, 3 two years after that/ the action of Ban- goleu took place, 4 and there Cynan was slain:' and the action of 5 Menegyd in Mona. And Meurug, a bishop of noble lineage, died. 874. And, 3 a year after that/ 6 Lwmbert assumed the bishopric of Menevia. 875. And, 3 a year after that/ Dwrngarth. king of Cornwall, was drowned. 876. And, 7 a year after that/ the action on Sunday took place in Mona. a ' 8 the battle of Gweithen took place. b ' 9 Glywysig was ravaged, and they were banished. cM0 the refuge of a multitude, d /10 by the battle 8 and the battle took place e ' 10 Three years after that, Ash Hill. 7 D. 9 D. E. 9 B. 16 BRUT Y TYWYROGION. dccclxxvii. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Rodri a Gùryat y a vraOt y gan y Saeson. dccclxxviii. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu var6 Aed uab Mellt. dccclxxx. Pedwar ugein mlyned ac Oyfcli cant oed oet Crist pan vu weith ConOy y dial Rodri o DuO. DCCCLXXXii. 2 [Dwy vlyned wedy hynny y bu k varw Kadweithen/ dccclxxxv. Teir blyned wedy hynny y bu varw Hywel yn Rufein. dccclxxxvti. Dwy vlyned wedy hynny y bu varw 3 Cerball.] DCCCLXXXix. c Deg mlyned a phedwar ugein ac 6yth cant oed oet Crist ' pan vu uarO Subin y doethaf or Yscotteit. DCCCXC. 1 [Dec mlyned a phedwar ugein ac wyth gant oed oed Krist,] ac yna y deuth y Normanyeit duon d eil weith y gastell Baldwin/ DCCCXCI. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO 4 Heinuth vab Bledri/ dcccxciii. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy Irynny] y deuth AnaraOt y diffeithaO KeredigyaOn ac ystrat Tywi. dcccxciv. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diff- eithaOd y Normanyeit Loeger, a BrecheinaOc, a Mor- sranOc, a GOent a 5 Buellt GOnllòc. DCCCXCV. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diff- ygyaOd bOyt yn Iwerdon ; kanys pryfet o nef a dygOyd- a 6 vab 7 cat Gweithen. 8 — Gwytherin. c' 9 Dwy vlyned wedy hynny, 10 drachevyn hýt ar Gwinn. 11 y Wyned. • a 2 a d. e. 2 Kadell, E. ! 4 ' Henweith vab Bledric, C. IHennech vab Bledric, D. E. 5 Not in C. D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 17 877. And, ] a year after that/ Rhodri, and his a bro- ther Gwriad, were killed by the Saxons. 878. And, 1 a year after that/ Aedd, son of Mellt, died. 880. Eight hundred and eighty was the year of Christ, when the action of Conwy took place, for God to avenge Rhodri. 882. 2 Two yeará after that, b Cadweithen died/ 885. Three years after that, Howel died in Rome. 887. Two years after that, 3 Cerball died/ 889. c Eight hundred and ninety was the year of Christ/ when Subin, the wisest of the Scots, died. 890. 1 Eight hundred and ninety was the year of Christ/ and then the black Normans came d a second time to Castle Baldwin/ 891. And, 1 a year after that/ 4 Heinuth, son of Bledri, died. 893. And then, 1 two years after that/ Anarawd came to devastate Ceredigion and the Vale of Tywi. 894. - And then, 1 a year after that/ the Normans devastated England, Brecheiniog, Morganwg, Gwent, 5 Buallt, and Gwenllwg. 895. And then, 1 a year after that/ provision failed in Ireland ; for vermin of a mole-like form, each having aö son k /7 was the battle of Gweithem 8 — Gwytherin. c' 9 Two years after that, d ' 10 again as far as Gwinn. 11 to Gwynedd. 7 D. a JE. 9 a 10 D. E. 11 C. 18 BHUT Y TYWYSOGION. aOd ar weith g6ad a deu dant y bop un, ar rei hynny a vOyttaaOd yr holl ymborth, a thrOy vnpryt a gOedi y gùrthladòyt. dcccxcvii. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarò 2 Elstan brenhin 3 [y Saesson] ; dcccxcviii. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] 4 Alvryt urenhin 5 Iwys. DCCCC. NaO cant mlyned oed oet 6 Crist pan deuth Igmûnd y ynys Yon, ac y kynhalyaGd maes 7 Eos Meilon. DCCCCI. Ac yna y lias mab Meruyn y gan y genedyl. Ac y bu uarO Llywarch uab 8 Hennyth. DCCCCII. Ac y lias penn 9 Ryderch uab 10 Hennyth 11 [yn Arwýstli] duw GOyl BaGl. dcccciv. Ac y bu weith 12 Dnmeirt ynyr hOnn y lias MaelaOc cam uab Peredur. Ac yna y dileOyt MynyO. DCCCCV. Ac y bu uarO Gorch6yl escob. Ac y bu varO 13 CoruaOc brenhin ac escob holl Iwerdon gOr maOr y grefyd ae gardaOt. 14 Mab y Guleuan 1 alas a oe vod y myOn brùydyr/ 15 Ac y bu uarù Keruallt uab Muregan brenhin Langesy b o keugant diwed/ dccccvi. Ac y bu uarO Asser archescob ynys Pryd- ein ; DCCCCVii. A Chadell uab Rodri. dccccxi. Deg mlyned a naù cant oed oet Crist pan deuth Other y ynys Prydein. a' i6 ỳ n ý r ÿ m i a( i hwnnw. 17 yn y vlwyddyn hwnnw. b ' 16 ýn diwed ýr ýmlad. 1 a 2 Edelstan, C. 3 C. D. E. 4 Aldryd ; C. Albrỳt, D. E. , 5 Euwas, C. Gynoỳs, D. Gyn- ! dys, E. 6 A leaf is here lost in C. 7 Meleriaun, D. Meleriaum, E, 9 Hyveid, D.E, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 19 two teeth, fell from heaven, which devoured all the food ; and through fasting and prayer they were driven away. 897. And then, 1 two years after that/ Elstan, king 8 of the Saxons/ died ; 898. And 1 a year after that/ 4 Alvryd, king of the Gewissi. 900. Nine hundred was the year of 6 Christ, when Igmond came to the isle of Mona, and fought the battle of 7 Rhos Meilon/ 901. And then the son of Mervyn was killed by the Pagans. And Llywarch, son of 8 Hennyth, died. 902. And 9 Rhydderch, son of 10 Hennyth, was be- headed 11 in Arwystli/ on the feast of St. Paul. 904. And the action of 12 Dineirth took place, in which Maelog the Crooked, son of Peredur, was slain. And then Menevia was destroyed. 905. And bishop Gorchwyl died. And 13 Corvoc, king and bishop of all Ireland, died ; a man emi- nent for faith and charity. 14 A son of Culeuan was slain a voluntarily in battle/ 15 And Cerwallt, son of Muregan, king of Leinster, died b of a fatal dis- order/ 906. And Asser, archbishop of the isle of Britain, died ; 907. And Cadell, son of Rhoclri. 911. Nine hundred and ten was the year of Christ, when Other came to the island of Britain. a ' 16 in that fight. 17 in that year, V 16 at the end of the fight. 9 Roarî, D.E. j 1 ! Culennan, D. E. 10 Huueith, D, Kyunerth, E. j iy Not in E. 11 D. I 13 D. 12 Duimeir, D. Dinevwr, E. 11 E. 13 Corraoc, D, Corinoc, E. \ B 2 20 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dccccxiii. Ac y bu uarG Anaraùt nab Rodri bren- hin y Brytanyeit. dccccxiv. Ac y diffeithOyt Iwerdon a Mon y gan bobyl Dulyn. Ac y bu uarO Eclelflet vrenliines. dccccxvii. Ac y lias ClyclaOc uab Cadell 1 [ap Rodri mawr] y gan Ueuruc y vraOt. dccccxyiti. Ac y bu uarO 2 Uercu escob 1 [da]. DCCCCXIX. Ac y bu weitli y Dinas NeOyd. dccccxxyi. Ugein mlyned a naO cant oed oet Crist pan aeth Howel da vrenhin vab Kadell y Rufein : ac y bu uarO Elen. dccccxxxiii. Deg mlyned arliugein a naOcant oed oet Crist pan las Gruffud ap Owein y gan wyr Kered- igyaOn. dccccxxxv. Ac y bu ryfel 3 Brun. dccccxxxyi. Ac y bu uarù 4 Hennyrth uab Clydaòc a Meuruc y vraOt. docccxxxtx. Ac y bu uarù Edelstan brenhin y Saeson. dccccxl. Deugein mlyned a naOcant oed oet Crist pan vu uar6 Abloyc vrenhin. DCCCCXLI. A Chadell uab Arthuael a GenOynGyt, ac Idöal uab Rodri ac Elised y a vraOt alas y gan y Saeson. dccccxlii. Ac y bu uarO 5 LOnbert escob MynyO. dccccxliii. Ac Ussa uab LlaOr; a G Morcheis escob Bangor a vuant ueirO. DCCCCXLIY. A Cliyngen uab 7 Elised a wenûynûyt, ac 8 Eueurys escob MynyO a vu uarO. Ystrat Clut adiífeithOyt y gan y Saeson. a 9 vab 1 E. 2 Nercu, D. E. 3 Bruiîe, D. Brymiev, E. 4 Hỳmeith, D. Kyfnerth, E. 5 LOnberth, D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 21 913. And Anarawd, son of Rhodri, king of the Britons, died. 914, And Ireland and Mona were devastated by the people of Dublin. And qneen Edelfled died. 917. And Clydog, son of Cadell, 1 son of Rhodri the Great/ was killed by his brother Meurug. 918. And 2 Uercu, a ^ood' bishop, died. 919. And the action of Dinas Newydd took place. 926. Nine hundred and twenty was the year of Christ, when king Howel the Good, son of Cadell, went to Rome : and Elen died. 933. Nine hundred and thirty was the year of Christ, when Gruffudd, son of Owain, was slain by the men of Ceredigion, 935. And the battle of 8 Brim took place. 936. And 4 Hennyrth, son of Clydog, and his bro- ther Meurug, died. 939. And Edelstan, king of the Saxons, died. 940. Nine hundred and forty was the year of Christ, when king Abloyc died. 941. And Cadell, son of ArthvaeL, was poisoned ; and Idwal, son of Rhodri, and his a brother Elised, were killed by the Saxons. 942. And 5 Lwmbert, bishop of Menevia, died. 943. And Ussa, son of Llawr ; and 6 Morcheis, bishop of Bangor, died. 944. And Cyngen, son of 7 Elised, was poisoned ; and 8 Eueurys, bishop of Menevia, died. Strath Clyde was devastated by the Saxons. a ö son fe Morkleis, T). E. 7 Elisse, D. E. s Eneuris, D. È. 9 D. E. 22 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dccccxlviii. A Howel da uab Kadeli vrenhin penn a molyant yr holl Vrytanyeit a vu uarO. A Chaddg- aOn uab Owein alas y gan y Saeson. Ac yna y bu weith Carno rOg meibon 1 [Ywain ap] Howel 2 a meibon Idwal. dccccl. Deg mlynecl adeugein a nawcant oed oet Crist pan diffeitliaOd Iago a Ieuaf meibon Idwal Dyf- et d6y weith, 3 [ac j lias Dungwallaun ỳgan ev gwýr wýnt]. DCCCGLI. Ac yna y bu uarO a DyfynOal a Kodri meibon' Howel. DCCCCLII. Ac yna 4 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu ladna uaOr 4 [y] rOg meibon Idwal a meibon Howel b yg gweith ConOy yn LlanrOst. Ac y Has HirmaOr ac AnaraOt y gan y pobloed, meibon oed y rei liynny y (jryat/ A gòedi bynny y diffeithúyt KeredigyaOn y gan ueibon Idwal. Ac y bu uar6 Etwin uab Howel 1 [dda]. DCCCCLIII. Ac 4 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bodes 5 Hayardur uab Mervyn. BCCCCLiv. 4 [Blwydyn wedy bynny y bu varw Ed- win vab Hywel.] Ac y lias Oongalach brenhin Iwer- don. BCCCCLV. A 4 [blwydyn wedy hynny y Has] G6ga6n uab GGryat 1 [ap Rodri mawr.] Ac y bu yr haf tes- saOc. DCCCCLVin. 3 [Teir blyned wedy hynny y diffeith- yawd Ywein y 6 Gorwyd.] a ' 7 Rodri vab h'7 y n y Hq a e i w ir Gwrgystu gweith Konwy 8 hir- mawr, ac y lias Anarawd vab Gwry. 1 E. 5 Here C. resumes. 3 a d. e. 1 a THE CHRONICLE ÜE THE PRINCES. 23 948. And Howel the Good, son of king Cadell, chief and glory of all the Britons, died. And Cadwgan, son of Owain, was killed by the Saxons. And then the action of Carno took place between the sons of 1 Owain, son of Howel, 2 and the sons of Idwal. 950. Nine hundred and fifty was the year of Christ, when Iago and leuav, sons of Idwal, ravaged Dyved twice ; 3 and Dunwallon was slain by their men/ 951. And then a Dyvnwal and Khoclri, sons ' of Howel, died. 952. And then, 4 a year after that/ a great slaugh- ter took place between the sons of Idwal and the sons of Howel, b in the action of Conwy at Llanrwsi And Hirmawr and Anarawd were killed by the Pa- gans ; they were sons of Gwriad/ And after that Ceredigion was devastated by the sons of Idwal. And Edwin, son of Howel 1 the Good/ died. 953. And, 4 a year after that/ 5 Hayarddur, son of Mervyn, was drowned. 954. 4 A year after that, Edwin, son of Howel, died/ And Congalach, king of Ireland, Avas slain. 955. And, 4 a year after that, was killed * Gwgawn, son of Gwriad, 1 son of Khodri the Great/ And the hot summer happened. 958. 8 Three years after that, Owain devastated the 6 Gorwennydd/ a/ 7 Rhodri, son. b/ 7 in the place called Llanrwst the action of Conwy long and great, and Anarawd, son of Gwry, was slain. 5 Yavdur, C. 6 Gorỳuỳd, D. E. I 3 a D. 24 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOX. dcccclix. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] a y bu dir- uaOr b eira vis MaOrth. A meibon Idwal yn gOledyctm/ Ac y diifeithaOd meibon Abloec Gaer Gybi a Lleyn. dcccclx. Trugein mlyned a naO cant oed oet Crist pan las Idwal uab Rodri. dcccclxi. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias meibon GOynn. Ac y diffeithOyt y Tywyn y gan y pobloed ; ac y bn uarO Meuruc uab Catuan ; dcccclxii. A 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] Byderch escob ; dcccclxi v. A 2 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] ChadOall- aOn uab Owein 3 [ap Howel dda.] DCCCCLX V. Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diifeithaOd y Saeson, 4 ac 5 Aluryt yn tywyssaOc udunt vrenhinyaetheu meibon Idwal. dcccclxvi. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Rodri uab Idwal, ac y diffeithOyt AberffraO. DCCCCLVII. A 2 [blwydyn] gOedy hynny y c dellis Iago uab Idwal Ieuaf uab Idwal y vraOt. Ac y car- charOyt Ieuaf; 6 a gOedy hynny y croget/ dcccclxviii. Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diffeithOyt GOhyr y gan EinaOn uab Owein. DCCCCLXIX. Ac 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diifeith- aOd 7 Marc uab Herald Benmon. dcccclxx. Deg mlyned a thrugein a naO cant oed oet Crist pan diffeithaOd 8 Gotbric uab 9 Herald Von, ac o uaOr ystryO y darestygaOd yr holl ynys. a' io ý gwledýchaud meibion Idwal drwj r nerth dir- uaur mis Maurth. b 11 bla c 12 delis 1 a n. e. 2 a 4 Not in D. E. h Alfre, C. 6 Not in C. D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 25 959. And, 1 a year after that/ a a great b snow hap- \ pened in the month of March ; the sons of Idwal ^ reigning/ And the sons of Abloec devastated Caer Gybi and Lleyn. 960. Nine hundred and sixty was the year of Christ, when Idwal, son of Rhodri, was killed. 961. And, 2 a year after that/ the sons of Gwyn were killed. And Towyn was devastated by the Pa- gans ; and Meurug, son of Cadvan, died ; 962. And, 2 a year after that/ bishop Rhydderch ; 964. And, 2 two years after that/ Cadwallon, son of Owain, 3 son of Howel the Good/ 965. And then, 2 a year after that/ the Saxons, headed by 5 Alvryd, ravaged the kingdoms of the sons of Idwal. 966. And, 2 a year after that/ Rhodri, son of Idwal, was slain, and Aberfraw was devastated. 967. And, 2 a year' after that, Iago, son of Idwal, c blinded his brother Ieuav, son of Idwal. And Ieuav was imprisoned; 6 and after that hanged/ 968. And then, 2 a year after that/ Gower was de- vastated by Einon, son of Owain. 969. " And, 2 a year after that/ 7 Mark, son of Harold, devastated Penmon. 970. Nine hundred and seventy was the year of Christ, when 8 Godfrey, son of 9 Harold, devastated Mona, and by great craft subjugated the whole island. a ' 10 the sons of Idwal ruled through great power in the month of March. b 11 plague c 12 captured 7 Madoc, C. Mactus, D. E. 8 Godfrid, C. Gotfrit, D. E. J Harald, C. D. E. 10 D. E. » C. 12 a d. e. 26 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. DCCCCLXXi. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y kynnullaOd 2 [Edgar] brenhin y Saeson diruaOr lyges hyt Ygkaer llion 3 ar Oysc/ DCCCCLXXii. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y gGrth- ladOyfc Iago oe gyfoetb, ac y gOledychaGd Howel drûy uudugolyaeth. Ac y a clefych6yt Meuruc uab Idwal. Ac y bu varO Morgan. dcccclxxiv. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarw Edgar brenhin y Saeson. Ac ydaeth DOn- wallaOn brenhin Ystrat Glut y Rufein. Ac y bu uarò IdwallaOn uab 4 Eina6n. dcccclxxvi. Ac 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] ml- weith y diffeithaGd EinaOn 6hyr. dcccclxxvii. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] b y diff- eithwyfc c LlOyn KelynaOc uaOr 5 [yr eil weith] y gan Howel uab Ieuaf ar Saeson/ dcccclxxviii. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y delit lago. Ac y goruu Howel uab Ieuaf ac y gores- cynnOys 6 [kyuoeth] lago. DCCCCLXXix. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Idwal. A gwedy hynny y diffeithaGd Custennhin uab lago a 7 Gotbric uab 8 Herald Lyyn a Mon. A gwedy hynny y lias Custenhin uab lago y gan Howel uab Ieuaf yn y vrOydyr a elwir gOeith 9 Hirbarth. a 10 dallwyd b/ 11 y diffeithyawd Gwrmid eilweith Leyn, ac y diff- eithyawd Hywel vab Yeuaf ar Saesson Gyueilyawc vawr. c 12 Lleýn a 1 a 2 C. D. E. Edward, A. 3/ Not in C. 4 Oweyn, C. D. E. 5 £>. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 27 971. And then, 1 a year after that/ 2 Edgar, king of the Saxons, collected a very great fleet at Caerleon 3 upon Usk/ 972. And, 1 a year after that/ lago was expelled from his territory, and Howel ruled in consequence of his victory. And Meurug, son of Iclwal, a fell sick/ And Morgan died. 974. And then, 1 two years after that/ Edgar, king of the Saxons, died. And DunwaUo n, king of Strath i <: Ätu^ Clyde, went to Home. And Idwallon, son of 4 Einon, died. 976. And, 1 two years after that/ Einon devastated Gower a second time. 977. And, *a year after that/ Hhe c Grove of Gel- ynog the Great was devastated 5 a second time ' by Howel, son of Ieuav, and the Saxons/ 978. And then, 1 a year after that/ lago was cap- tured. And Howel, son of Ieuav, had the victory, and conquered 6 the territory of lago. 979. And, 1 a year after that/ Id wal was slain. And after that Constantine, son of lago, and 7 Godfrey, son of Harold, devastated Lleyn and Mona. And after that Constantine, son of lago, was killed by Howel, son of Ieuav, in the battle called the action of 9 Hir- barth. a 10 was blinded. bM1 Gwrmid a second time devastated Lleyn, and Howel, son of Ieuav, and the Saxons devastated Cyv- eiliog the Great. c 12 Lleyn and 7 Godfrid, C. Gotfrit, D. Ë. 8 Harald, C. D. E. 9 Hirbarwch, C. D. E. 10 C. D. E. n a >- D. E. 28 BRUT Y TYWYSOGlOX. DCCCCLXXXI. 1 [Vn vlyned a] pedwar ugein mlyned a naO cant oed oet Crist pan diffeithatd 2 Gotbric uab 3 Herald Dyuet a MynyO. a Ac y bu weith Llan- wannaOc/ dcccclxxxit. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y difleithOyt BrecheinaOc a holl gyfoeth EinaOn nab 0 wein y gan y Saeson, ac 4 Alnryt yn dywyssaGc amimt. A Howel nab Ieuaf ac EinaOn aladaOd llawer oe In. DCCCCLXXXiir. Ac yna 1 [y vlwydyn nessaf y honno] y lias EinaOn nab Owein drOy dOyll 1 [y] gan uchel- wyr GOent. Ac y bn narO 1 [eu] bonhedic escob. DCCCCLXXXIV. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy liynny] y lladaOd y Saeson Howel nab Ienaf drOy dOyll. Ac y lias louanal uab Meuruc, a ChadOallaOn nab Ieuaf ae lladaOd. dcccclxxxv. 5 [Blwydyn wedy liynny y lias 6 Meyc vab Yeuaf, b a Maredud ap Ywein a ladawd] Kad- wallaOn ab Ieuaf drOy vudugolyaeth/ aoresgynnOys y gyfoeth, nyt amgen noc ynys Von a Meiryonnyd ; a holl wladoed GOyned o diruaOr ystryO a challter a darestygaOd. DCCCCLXXXVi. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] yd yspeilOyt Llywarch ab Owein oe lygeit. Ac y cliff- eithOyt 2 Gotbric uab 3 Herald ar llu du gantaO ac ef Ynys Von. Ac y 0 dellit dOy vil o dynyon, ar a ' 7 a Llannweithenawc. U 8 a Chatwallawn vab Ieuaf, ý gan Moredud vab Oweŷn c 9 delit 1 a 2 Godfrid, C. Gotfrit, D. E. * Harald, C. D. E. 4 Alfred, C. V. Not in E. « a b. e. THE CHRONICLE OE THE PRINCES. 29 981. 1 One year and ' nine hundred and eighty was the year of Christ, when 2 Godfrey, son of Harold, devastated Dyved and Menevia. a And the action of Llanwenog took place/ 982. And then, 1 a year after that/ Brecheiniog, and all the territory of Einon, son of Owain, were devastated by the Saxons, 4 Alvryd being their leader. And Howel, son of Ieuav, and Einon killed many of his host. 983. And then, 1 the year next to that/ Einon, son of Owain, was killed through treachery by the nobles of Gwent. And 1 their bishop of noble lineage died. 984. And, 1 a year after that/ the Saxons killed Howel, son of Ieuav, through treachery. And Ionaval, son of Meurug, was killed, and Cadwallon, son of Ieuav, killed him. 985. 5 A year after that, Maig, son of Ieuav, was killed, b and Maredudd, son of Owain, killed ' Cad- wallon, son of Ieuav, victoriously/ and subjugated his terri tory, to wit, the isle of Mona and Meirionydd ; and all the districts of Gwynecld he subdued by ex- treme craft and cunning. 986. And then, 1 a year after that/ Llywarch, son of Owain, was deprived of his eyes. And Godfrey, son of Harold, with the black host, devastated the isle of Mona. And two thousand men were c blinded ; and a ' 7 and Llanweithenog. h ' 8 and Cadwallon, son of Ieuav, by Maredudd, son of Owain. c 9 captured ; 6 Mevrie, E. 7 C. D. Not in E. a D. E. 9 a d. e. so BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dryll arall o nadunt a due Maredud uab Owein y gyt ac ef y GeredigyaOn a Dyfet. Ac yna y bu uarGolyaeth ar yr holl aniueileit yn lioll ynys Prydein. DCCCCLXXXVII. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO Ieuaf uab Idwal, ac Owein uab HoOel. Ac y difFeithaOd y kenedloed Lanbadarn a Mynyù a Llan- ulltut 2 a Llangarban ' a Llandydoch. DCCCCLXXXVIII. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias 3 [Glwmayn] mab Abloyc. Ac y talaOd Maredud 1 [ap Ywein] yn deyrnget yr kenedloed duon geinaOc o bop dyn. Ac y bu diruaOr uarGolyaeth ar y dynyon rac newyn. DCCCCLXXXix. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Owein uab Dyfynwal. DCCCCXC. 1 [Dec mlyned aphedwar ugeint a naw leant oed oet Krist,] ac y difFeithaOd Maredud maes Hyfeid. DCCCCXCI. 1 [Blwydyn wedy hynny] deg mlyned a phedwar ugein a naù cant oed oet Crist pan difF- eithaOd Etwin uab EinaOn, ac 4 Eclis uaOr tywyssaGc Seis y ar voroed y deheu' oil vrenhinyaetheu Maredud, nyt amgen Dyfet, AcheredigaOn, AgOhyr, Ached weli ; ac eilweith y kymerth wystlon or holl gyfoeth ; ar dryded weith y difFeithaOd VynyO. A Maredud a huryaOd y kenedloed adathoedynt yny ewyllys gyt ac ef, ac a difFeithaOd gOlat Uorgan; a ChadwallaOn y uab a uu uarO. DCCCCXCII. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] a y duc meibon Meuruc kyrch hyt YggOyned/ ac y a' 5 y bu o veibyon Meuryc wystlon Yngwyned, 1 a ■' Not in E. 3 a d. e. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 31 the remainder Maredudd, son of Owain, took with him to Ceredigion and Dyved. And then a mor- tality took place among all the cattle over the whole island of Britain. 987. And then, 1 a year after that/ Ieuav, son of Idwal, died, ( and Owain, son of Howel. And the Pagans devastated Llanbadarn, and Menevia, and Llanilltud, 2 and Llangarvan/ and Llandydoch. 988. And then, 1 a year after that/ 3 Glumaen/ son of Abloec, was killed. And Maredudd, 1 son of Owain/ paid to the black Pagans a tribute of a penny for each person. And a great mortality took place among the men through famine. 989. And, 1 a year after that/ Owain, son of Dyvn- wal, was slain. 990. 1 Nine hundred and ninety was the year of Christ/ and Maredudd devastated Maes Hyveidd, 991. *A year after that/ nine hundred and ninety was the year of Christ, when Edwin, son of Einon, with 4 Eclis the Great, a Saxon prince from the seas of the South/ devastated all the kingdoms of Mared- udd, to wit, Dyved, and Ceredigion, and Gower, and Cydweli ; and a second time took hostages from all the territory ; and devastated Menevia a third time. And Maredudd hired the Pagans willing to join him, and devastated Glamorgan ; and his son Cadwalion died. 992. And then, 1 a year after that/ a the sons of Meurug made an inroad into Gwynedd/ and the isle a/ 5 some of the sons of Meurug were hostages in Gwynedd, 4/ Edylfì seis, C. I 5 C. 32 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. diffeithOyt ynys Von y gan y kenedloed duO leu Kyrchauel. DCCCCXCIII. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu diruaOr neOyn ygkyfoeth Maredud. Ac y bu vrOydyr y rOg meibon Meuruc a Maredud yn ymyl LlangOm, ac y goruu ueibon Meuruc ; ac yno y lias TeOclOr nab EinaOn. DCCCCXCTV. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diff- eithOyt ManaO y gan 2 Yswein uab Herald/ dccccxcv. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Idwal uab Meuruc. Ac y diffeithOyt 3 Arthmarcha ac y lloscet. dccccxcyiti. Ac 1 [teir blyned wedy hynny] y di- boblet MynyO y gan y kenedloet. Ac y lias Mor- geneu escob y gantunt. Ac y bu var6 Maredud uab Owein y clotuorussaf vrenhin y Brytanyeit. DCCCCXCIX. a Mil o vlOynyded oed oet Crist' pan diffeithOyt Dulyn y gan yr Yscoteit. Ac y gùledych- aOd Kynan uab Howel YggOyned. M. 1 [Mil o vlwydyned oed oet Krist,] ac y diff- eithaOd y kenedloed Dyfet. Mi. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO 4 Mor uab GOyn, ac Iuor 5 Porth Talarthi/ Mill. A 1 [blwydyn] gwedy hynny y lias Kynan uab Howel. MlY. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y dallwyt GOlfac ac 6 Vryat. MV. 7 [Blwydyn wedy hynny y bu y vlwydyn gyntaf a elwid 8 decern nouennalis 9 cicli u/] a' 10 Blwydyn wedy hynny, 1 a v Ywein vab Harald, C 3 Athmatha, C. D. 4 lvor,E. 5 Porthalarchi, C. D. E. 6 Vbiad, C. D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 33 of Mona was devastated by the Pagans on Ascension Thursday. 993. And then, 1 a year after that/ a great famine happened in the territory of Maredudd. And a battle took place between the sons of Meurug and Maredudd near Liang wm, and the sons of Meurug conquered ; and there Tewdwr, son of Einon, was slain. 994. And then, a 1 year after that/ the isle of Man was devastated by 2 Swain, son of Harold. 995. And, a 1 year after that/ Idwal, son of Meurug, was killed. And 3 Arthmarcha was devastated and burned. 998. And, 1 three years after that/ Menevia was de- populated by the Pagans. And bishop Morgeneu was killed by them. And Maredudd, son of Owain, the most celebrated king of the Britons, died. 999. a A thousand was the year of Christ/ when Dublin was devastated by the Scots. And Cynan, son of Howel, reigned in Gwynedd. 1000. 1 A thousand was the year of Christ/ and the Pagans devastated Dyved. 1001. And, r a year after that/ 4 Mor, son of Gwyn, died, and Ivor of 5 Porth Talarthi/ 1003. And, 1 a year after that/ Cynan, son of Howel, was killed. 1004. And, 1 a year after that/ Gwlvac and G Gwriad were blinded. 1005. 7 A year after that was the first year called s decem-novennalis 9 cicli ii/ a' io A year after that, 7 C.D.E. I 9 D- 8 The cycle of 19 years began in I 10 C. 1007. I 34 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. MX I. 1 [Yn mlyned ar] mil adeg mlyned oed oet Crist pan diffeithGyt MynyG y gan y Saeson 2 nyt amgen y gan Entris ac Ybis/ Ac y bu uarO a Hay- arndrut' mynacli o Enlli. MXH. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy liynny] ydaeth 3 Yswein uab 4 Herald y Loeger, ac y gyrraOd 5 E1- dryt nab Etgar oe deyrnas, ac y gùledychaòd yny gyfoeth, ynyr hún y bu uarO yny vlOydyn honno» MXIII. Ac yna y kyifroes Brian brenhin holl Iwer- don, a MGrchath y vab a lliaOs o vrenhined ereill yn erbyn Dulyn, y lie ydoed Sitruc vab Abloec yn vren- hin. Ac yn eu lierbyn y deuth gOyr Largines, a Mael Mordaf yn vrenhin arnadunt, ac ymaruoll aorngant yn erbyn Brian vrenhin. Ac y huryaOd Sitruc gant yn erbyn Brian vrenhin, ac yna y huryaOd Sitruc llogeu hiryon aruaOc yn gyflaOn o wyr llurugaOc a G Derotyr yn tywyssaOc arnadunt. A gOedy bot brOydyr y ryg- tunt agûneuthur aerua o bop tu y lias Brian ae vab or neilltu a thywyssaOc y llogeu 7 ae vraOt/ a Mael Morda vrenhin or tu arall. MXV. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy liynny] y lias Owein uab Dyfynwal. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy liyn- ny] y gorescynnaOd Cnut uab 3 Yswein vrenhinyaeth Loeger a Denmarc a Germania 1 [vawr]. mxvi. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Aedan uab BlegyOryt ae bedwarmeib y gan Lywelyn uab Seisyll. mxix. Ac 1 [teir blyned wedy hynny] y lias Meuruc uab Arthuael. a r 8 Ybis Haearclur 9 Yardur 1 a 27 Eutris ac Ubis, C. a Ywein, C. 4 Harald, C. D. E. s Edelret, D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 35 1011. J One year and' one thousand and ten was the year of Christ, when Menevia was devastated by the Saxons, to wit, by Entris and TJbis. And a Hayarn- drud/ a monk of Bardsey, died. 1012. And then, 1 a year after that/ 3 Swain, son of Harold, came to England, and expelled Edelred, son of Edgar, from his kingdom, and reigned in his ter- ritory, in which he died in that year. 1013. And then Brian, king of all Ireland,, and his son Mwrchath, and many other kings, were stirred up against Dublin, where Sitruc, son of Abloec, was king. And against them came the men of Leinster, headed by their king Mael Mordav; and they confederated against king Brian. And Sitruc hired a hundred men against king Brian ; and then Sitruc hired armed long ships full of mailed men, headed by 6 Derotyr ; and after a battle between them, and slaughter made on both sides, Brian and his son were killed on one side, and the leader of the ships 7 and his brother/ and king Mael Mordav, on the other side. 1015. And then, 1 two years after that/ Owain, son of Dyvnwal, was killed. And then, 1 a year after that/ Cnute, son of 3 Swain, took possession of the kingdom of England, and Denmark, and Germany Hhe Great/ 1016. And then, 1 a year after that/ Aedclan, son of Blegywryd, and his four sons, were killed by Llywelyn, son of Seisyll. 1019. And, 1 three years after that/ Meurug, son of Arthvael, was killed. a ' 8 Ybis Haearnddur 9 Iarddur 6 Brodr, C. D. E. v Not in C. D. E. 8 £>. E. 9 a C 2 36 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. MXX. 1 [Ygein mlyned amil oed oet Krist,] ac yna y dechymygaGd neb un Yscot yngelOyd y not yn vab y Yaredud vrenhin, ac y mynnaOd y laO ehnn yn vrenhin. Ac y kymerth gOyr y dehen ef yr arglGyd ac y deyrnas a henO nn Rein. Ac yny erbyn yryfelaOd Llywelyn nab Seisyll goruchel vren- hin GGyned a phennaf achlotuorussaf vrenhin or holl Vrytanyeit. Yny amser ef y gnotaei henafyeit y teyrnas dywednt bot y gyfoeth ef or mor py gilyd yn gyílaOn o amylder da a dynyon, hyt na thebygit bot na thlaGt nac eissiwedic yny holl wladoed na thref Oac na chyfle diifyc. Ac yna y due Rein Yscot In yn dilesc, a herwyd clefaOt yr Yscoteit yn valch syberü. annoc awnaeth y wyr y ymlad, ac yn ym- diredus adaO a wnaeth udunt mae ef aorvydei. Ac ymgyfarnot aoruc yn ehofyn ae elynyon, ac Oynteu yn wastat diofyn aoryssairt y chOydedic drahans an- nogòr hGnnO. Ac ynteu yn hy diofyn agyrchaòd y vrOydyr, a göedy gòeithaO y vrOydyr a gOnenthnr kyffredin aerua o bop tu, a gòastat ymlad, dròy leùder y Gùyndyt, yna y goruuGyt Rein Yscot ae lu. A herOyd y dyOedir yny diareb. Annoc dy gi ac nac erlit. Ef agyrchaOd yn leO ehofyn, ac agilyaOd yn waradòydus o lOynogaOl defaGt. Ar GOyndyt yn llid- yaGc ae hymlynaGcl drOy lad y In a diffeithaò y wlat, ac yspeilaO pob mann, ae distryG hyt y Mars, ac nyt yindangosses ynten byth o hynny allan. Ar vrOydj^r honno a vu yn Aber GGyli. A gOedy hynny y dentil 2 Eilad a y ynys Prydein/ ac ỳ diífeithOyt Dyuet ac y torret MynyG. a/s ÿ dir Kymmre, 1 2 Eilaf, C.D.E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 37 1020. 1 One thousand and twenty was the year of Christ/ and then a certain Scot falsely pretended to be the son of king Maredudd, and caused himself to be named king ; and the men of the South received him as their lord, and to a kingdom ; and his name was Rein. And Llywelyn, son of Seisyll, supreme king of Gwynedd, and the chief and most renowned king of all the Britons, made war against him. In his time it was usual for the elders of his kingdom to say, that his dominion was from one sea to the other, complete in abundance of wealth and inhabitants ; so that it was supposed there was neither poor nor destitute in all his territories, nor an empty hamlet, nor any deficiency. And then Rein the Scot boldly led on his host, and, after the manner of the Scots, proudly and ostentatiously exhorted his men to fight, confi- dently promising them that he should conquer. And so he boldly approached his enemies, and they coolly and fearlessly awaited that vaunting and arrogant challenger. He, daring and fearless, repaired to the conflict, and after the battle was fought, with a ge- neral slaughter on both sides, and constant fighting, through the bravery of the Gwyneddians, victory was obtained over Rein the Scot and his host. And as it is proverbially said, ' Excite thy dog, but do not pursue ; J he assaulted bravely and fearlessly, and re- treated shamefully in a fox-like manner. And the Gwyneddians wrathfully pursued him, slaying his men, and devastating the country, pillaging every place, and destroying it as far as Mercia; and he never from henceforward made his appearance. And that battle took place at Aber Gwyli. And after that 2 Eilad came a to the island of Britain/ and Dyved was devastated, and Menevia was demolished. a' 3 to the land of Wales, I) E. 38 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mxxi. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarò Llywelyn uab Seisyll. Ac y kynhalyaOd Rydercli uab Iestin Uywodraetli y Deheu. Mxxni. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarO 2 Morgeneu escob 3 [Mynyw.] mxxiv. 4 [Blwydyn wedy hynny y bu y vlwydyn gyntaf aelwid 5 decern nouennalis.] MXXV. Ac 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Kynan uab Seisyll. mxxxi. 1 [Vn mlyned ar] deg mlyned arhugeint a mil oed oet Crist pan las Rydercli uab Iestin y gan yr Yscottoeit. Ac yna y kynhalyaOd Iago uab Idwal Uywodraetli 6yned wedy Llywelyn uab Seisyll. a A Howel a Maredud veibon Etwin' a gynhalassant llywodraeth y Deheu. mxxxii. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu weith 6 HiraethOy 1 [y] r6g meibon Etwin 4 [a meibyon Ryderch. MXXXI 1 1. Blwydyn wedy hynny y lias Maredud ap Edwin] y gan ueibon Kynan. A CharadaOc uab Ryd- ercli a las y gan y Saeson. mxxxvi. Ac yna y bu uarO Cnut uab 7 Yswein vrenhin Lloeger a Denmarc a Germania. A gOedy y varò ef y foes Eilaf hyt yn Germania. mxxxvii. Ac yna 1 [pedeir blyned wedy hynny] h y delis 7 y 8 kenedloed Ueuruc uab Howel. Ac y lias Iago vrenhin GOyned ; ac yny le ynteu y gOledychaOd Gruffud uab Llywelyn ab Seisyll, a hOnnO oe dechreu hyt y diwed a ymlidyaOd y Saeson, ar kenedloed a ' 9 Ac Edwin a Howel meibion Moredud, b/ 9 agýnhaliassant 1 a 2 Morgynnyd, C. D. E. 1 a d. e. 5 This >vas in 1026. THE CHRONICLE OF TJ1E PRINCES, 39 1021. And then, 1 a year after that/ Llywelyn, son of Seisyll, died. And Rhydderch, son of Iestin, assumed the government of the South. 1023. And then, 1 two years after that/ 2 Mor- geneu, bishop 3 of Menevia/ died. 1024. 4 A year after that was the first year called 5 decem-novennalis/ 1025. And, *a year after that/ Cynan, son of Seisyll, was killed. 1031. 1 One year and 7 one thousand and thirty was the year of Christ, when Rhydderch, son of Iestin, was killed by the Scots. And then Iago, son of Idwal, held the government of Gwynedd after Llywelyn, son of Seisyll. a And Howel and Maredudd, sons of Ed- win/ held the government of the South. 1032. And then, 1 a year after that/ the action of 6 Hiraethwy took place between the sons of Edwin 4 and the sons of Rhydderch. 1033. A year after that, Maredudd, son of Edwin, was killed 7 by the sons of Cynan. And Caradog, son of Rhydderch, was killed by the Saxons. 1036. And then, Cnute, son of 7 Swain, king of England, and Denmark and Germany, died. And after his death Eilav fled into Germany. v> ^jM/* 1037. And then, 1 four years after that/ the Pagans b captured ' Meurug, son of Howel. And Iago, king of Gwynedd, was slain ; and GrufFudd, son of Llywelyn, son of Seisyll, governed in his stead : and he > from beginning to end, pursued the Saxons, and the other á' 9 And Edwin and Howel, sons of Maredudd, b/ 9 supported 6 Irathwy, C. D. E. 7 Ywein, C. 8 bonhedigyon, C. 9 D. E. 40 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOX. ereill, ac ae lladaGd, ac ae diuaaGd, ac o luossogrOyd o ymladeu ae goruu. Y vrOydyr gyntaf awnaetli yn Ryt 1 Groes ar Hafren, ac yno y goruu ef. Y vlOyd- yn honno y dibobles ef Lanbadarn, ac y kynhelis ef llywodraeth Deheubarth, ac y gOrtMadaOd Howel uab Etwin oe gyfoeth. mxxxviil Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarò 3 Heurun escob MynyO. mxxxix. Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu weith Pen Cadeir, ac y goruu Rufud ar Howel, ac y delis y wreic, ac ae kymerth yn wreic idaO ehun. mxl. Deugein mlyned a mil oed oet Crist pan im vrOydyr Poll Dyfach, ac yno y goruu HoOel y ken- edloed aoedynt yn diffeithaO Dyfet. Yny vlOydyn 2 [honno] y delit Grufud y gan a genedloed Dulyn/ mxli. Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu varO HoOel uab 4 Etwin brenhin gOlat Yorgan yny heneint. mxlii. Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y nied- ylyaOd HoOel uab Etwin difFeithaO Deheubarth a llyges o genedyl Iwerdon gyt ac ef, ac yny erbyn y gwi'thOynebaOd idaO Eufud ab Llywelyn. Agúedy bot creulaOn vrOydyr a diruaOr aerua ar lu Howel ar GOydyl yn Aber Tywi y dygùydaüd Howel ac y lias, ac yna y goruu Rufud. 5 [Ac yna y bu varw Euilfre a Mactus vanach.] MXLin. Ac yna 2 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu varO Iosef escob TeilaO yn Rufein. Ac y bu diruawr 13 wyr Deheubarth. 1 Groc, C. 2 a 3 Hermini, D. Ilerinin, E. * Ywein, C. D. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PKLNCES. 4Î nations, and killed and destroyed them, and overcame them in a multitude of battles. The first battle he fought at Rhyd y Groes on the Severn, where he was victorious. That year he depopulated Llanbadarn, and obtained the government of South Wales, and dispossessed Howel, son of Edwin, of his territory. 1038. And then, 2 a year after that/ 3 Heurun, bishop of Menevia, died. 1039. And then, 2 a year after that/ the action of Pen Cadeir took place, and Gruffudd overcame Howel, and captured his wife, and took her to be his own wife. 1040. One thousand and forty was the year of Christ, when the battle of Pwll Dyvach took place, and there Howel vanquished the Pagans who were ravaging Dyved. In that year Gruffudd was captured by a the Pagans of Dublin/ 1041. And then, 2 a year after that/ Howel, son of 4 Edwin, king of Glamorgan, died in his old age. 1042. And then, 2 a year after that/ Howel, son of Edwin, meditated the devastation of South Wales, accompanied by a fleet of the people of Ireland, and against him was opposed Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn. And after a cruel battle, and a vast slaughter of the army of Howel and of the Irish at Aber Tywi, Howel fell and was slain, and Gruffudd was victorious. 5 And then Evilfre, and Mactus the monk, died/ 1043. And then, 2 a year after that/ Joseph, bishop of Llandav, died at Rome. And exceeding treachery a ' 6 the men of South Wales. 5 C. D. E. 42 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dOyll gan Ruffud a Rys meibon Ryderch 1 [ap Iestin] yn erbyn Gruffud uab Llywelyn. mxlv. Ac yna 2 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y dyg- OydaOd amgylch seith ugeinwyr o teulu Grufud drOy dúyll gòyr Ystrat Tywi, ac y dial y rei hynny y diíFeithaòd Grufud Ystrat Tywi a Dyfet. Ac yna y bu diruaOr eira duO kalan IonaOr, ac y trigyaOd hyt 3 wyl Badric. MXLVII. Ac 2 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu diff- eith holl Deheubarth. ML. Deg mlyned a deugein a mil oed oet Crist a pan ballaOd Hyges o Iwerdon yn 4 dyfot y Deheu- barth/ mliv. Ac yna 2 [pedeir blyned wedy hynny] y lladaOd Grufud uab Llywelyn Ruffud uab Ryderch. Agúedy hynny y kyffroes Grufud ab Llywelyn lu yn erbyn y Saeson a chOeiraö bydinoed yn Henford ; ac yny erbyn y kyfodes y Saeson a diruadr bu gantunt 3 a 5 ReinOlf yn tyGyssaOc arnunt ; ac ymgyfaruot aorug- ant, a chOeiraO bydinoed ac ymbarattoi y ymlad. Ae kyrchu aOnaeth Grufud yndiannot ; abydinoed ky6eir gantaO, agûedy bot bròydyr chwerOdost ar Saeson heb allell godef kynOrOf y Brytanyeit, yd ymchoelassant ar ifo, ac o diruaOr ladua y dygOydassant. Ae hymlit ynlut awnaeth GrufTud yr gaer, ac y niyCn y doeth, a dibobli y gaer aOnaeth ae thorri a llosci y tref ; ac odyna gyt a diruaOr anreith ac yspeil yr ymchoelaOd y wlat yn hyfryt uudugaOl. a/6 y periglawd llynghes o Iwerdon Dehavbarth. 2 C. 3 March 17. 1 Not in C. D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 43 was practised by Gruffudd and Rhys, sons of Rhydderch, 1 son of Iestin/ against Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn. 1045. And then, 2 two years after that/ about seven ? ffi '/í>/j£ n score men of the family of Gruifudd fell, through the treachery of the men of the Vale of Tywi, and to avenge them, Gruifudd devastated the Vale of Tywi and Dyved. And then there fell a great snow on the f ^Q> C^rh C - calends of January, which remained until the 3 feast of ( j/ é St. Patrick. ' *fe c 1047. And, 2 two years after that/ all South Wales ' lay waste. 1050. One thousand and fifty was the year of Christ, a when a fleet failed coming from Ireland to South Wales/ 1054. And then, 2 four years after that/ Gruifudd, f/)~Z ■ /# rs" son of Llywelyn, killed Gruifudd, son of Rhydderch. ~ ûfJ^Ì^. And after that Gruifudd, son of Llywelyn, raised an ^^v^ C^^l- army against the Saxons, and arrayed his forces at Hereford ; and against him the Saxons rose with a very great host, 5 Reinolf being commander over them; and they met together, arranged their armies, and prepared to fight. Gruffudd attacked them im- mediately with well-ordered troops, and after a se- verely hard battle, the Saxons, unable to bear the assault of the Britons, took to flight, and fell with a very great slaughter. Gruifudd closely pursued them to the fortress, which he entered, and depopulated and demolished the fortress, and burned the town ; and from thence, with very great booty, he returned happily and victoriously to his own country. a ' 6 a fleet from Ireland endangered South Wales. 5 Randwlf, C. D. 44 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mlvi. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y deuth 2 Magnus uab 3 Heralt brenhin Germania y Loeger, ac y diffeithaOd vrenhinyaetheu y Saeson a Grufud vrenhin y Brytanyeit yn tyùyssaOc ac yn ganhorthOy idaO. mlvit. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO Owein uab Grufud. mlxt. 1 [Vn vlyned a] trugein mlyned a mil oed oet Crist pan dygOydaud Grufud uab Llywelyn, penn atharyan ac amdiffynOr y Brytanyeit drOy dôyll y wyr ehun; y gGr a vuassei annorchyfegedic kynno hynny, yr aür honn aedewit y myOn giynneu diffeithon, wedy diruaOron anreitheu, adiuessuredigyon uudugol- yaetheu, ac aneiryf oludoed eur ac aryant a gemmeu a phorfforolyon wiscoed. Ac yna y bu uarO Iosef escob MynyO. mlxii. 1 [Blwydyn wedy hynny y 4 decern nouen- nalis gyntaf] mlxiv. Ac 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarO DOnchath uab Brian a yn mynet y Rufein/ MLXVI. Ac yna 1 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y nied- ylyaOd 3 Heralt vrenhin Denmarc darestOg y Saeson, yr hOnn a gymerth 8 Heralt arall uab Gotwin iarll aoed vrenhin yna yn Lloeger yndirybud diary f, ac o deissyfyt yrnlad drùy 5 wladaOl dOyll ae trewis yr llaOr yny vu uarO. Ar Heralt hònnú a uuassei iarll yn gyntaf, trûy greulonder gûedy maró Edwart urenhin a ennillaOd yn andylyedus uchelder teyrnas Loeger, a hOnnO a yspeilOyt oe teyrnas ae wyOyt ygan Wilim bastard tyùyssaOc Normandi, kyt bocsachei or uudug- a ' 6 ỳ Ruvein ac ýno ỳ bu varw. 1 C. 2 Rodri Mawr C. 3 Harald, C. D. E. 4 A.D. 1064. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 45 JL056. And then, 1 two years after that/ 2 Magnus, s T^jV son of Harold, king of Germany, came to England, ^ -JC^ and ravaged the dominions of the Saxons, Gruffudd, ^ kinir of the Britons, being conductor and auxiliary to him. _ / 1057. And then, 1 a year after that/ Owain, son of Gruffudd, died. ? ^ ^ 1 061. 1 One year and / one thousand and sixty was ^ óu^a^ the year of Christ, when Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, ^ /^w^ £^trv\ the head and shield, and defender of the Britons, fell 7} through the treachery of his own men. The man who had been hitherto invincible, was now left in the glens of desolation, after taking immense spoils, and after innumerable victories, and countless treasures of gold and silver, and jewels and purple vestures. And then Joseph, bishop of Menevia, died* 1062. 1 A year after that, the first 4 decem-noven- nalis/ 1064. And, 1 two years after that/ Dwnchath, son of Brian, a died on his way to Rome/ 1066. And then,' *a year after that/ Harold, king of Denmark, meditated the subjection of the Sax- ons ; whom another Harold, the son of earl Godwin, who was then king in England, surprised, unwarned and unarmed, and by sudden attack, aided by na- tional treachery, struck to the ground, and caused his death. That Harold who, at first earl, through cruelty after the death of king Edward unduly ac- quired the sovereignty of the kingdom of England, was despoiled of his kingdom and life by William the Bastard, duke of Normandy, though previously a' e wen t to Rome, and there lie died. 5 dadawl, C. I 6 D. E 46 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. olyaeth kynno hynny. Ar GOilim hOnnO drOy diruaòr vrOydyr a amdiffynnaOd teyrnas Loeger o anorch- fygedic laO ae uonliedickaf lu. mlxviii. Ac yna y bu weith Mechen rOg Bledyn a RuallaOn veibon Kynfun, a Maredud ac Ithel veib- yon Grufud. Ac yna y dygOydaOd meibon Grufud. Ithel a las yny vrOydyr a Maredud a uu var6 o annOyfc yn iFo ; ac yno y lias RnallaOn uab Kyn- uyn. Ac yna y kynhellis Bledyn uab Kynfun GOyned a Phowys, a Maredud uab Owein uab Etwin agyn- helis Deheubarth. MLXX. Deg mlyned atlirugein a mil oed oet Crist pan las Maredud uab Owein y gan GaradaOc uab Grufud uab Byderch ar Freinc ar lan avon 1 Rymhi. Ac yna y lias 2 Macmael Minbo clotuorussaf a cliacl- arnaf urenhin y Gwydyl o deissyfyt vrOydyr y gOr a oed aruthur Orfch y elynyon a liynaOs y giOtaOtwyr, a gOar Ortb pererinyon adieithreit. MLXXI. Yna 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diffeitliaOd y Freinc GeredigyaOn a Dyuet, a MynyO a Bangor a diffeithOyt y gan y genedloed. Ac yna y bu uarO Bleiddut escob MynyO ; ac y kymerth 4 Sulien yr escobaòt. mlxxii. Yna 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] yr eilweith y diffeithaOd y Ffreinc GeredigyaOn. mlxxiti. Ac yna 3 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y lias Bledyn uab Kynuyn y gan Rys 5 ab Owein drOy dOyll dryc ysprytolyon pennaetheu, ac uchelwyr Ys- trat Tywi, y gOr a oed gOedy Grufud y uraOt yn kynnal yn arderchaOc holl deyrnas y Brytanyeit. 1 Rympni, D. 2 Deirmid, C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 47 vauntingly victorious. And that William defended the kingdom of England in a great battle, with an invincible hand, and his most noble army. 1068. And then the action of Mechain took place between Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons of Cynvyn, and Maredudd and Ithel, sons of Gruffudd ; when the sons of Gruffudd fell. Ithel was killed in the battle, and Maredudd died of cold, in his flight ; and there Rhiwallon, son of Cynvyn, was slain. And then Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, held Gwynedd and Powys ; and Maredudd, son of Owain, son of Edwin, held South Wales." 1070. One thousand and seventy was the year of Christ, when Maredudd, son of Owain, was killed by Caradog, son of Gruffudd, son of Rhydderch, and the French, on the banks of the river 1 Ryumey. And then 2 Macmael Minbo, the most renowned and most powerful king of the Gwyddelians, was slain in a sudden onset ;— the man who was terrible to his foes, friendly to his countrymen, and gentle towards pil- grims and strangers. 1071. Then, 3 a year after that/ the French ravaged Ceredigion and Dyved, and Menevia and Bangor were laid waste by the Pagans. And then Bleiddud, bishop of Menevia, died ; and Sullen assumed the bishopric. 1072. Then, 3 a year after that/ a second time the French devastated Ceredigion. 1073. And then, 3 a year after that/ Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, was killed by Rhys, son of Owain, through the deceit of evil-minded chieftains and the noble- men of the Vale of Tywi — the man, who after Gruf- fudd his brother nobly supported the whole kingdom 4 Sulgenius, D. I 5 uab, V. 48 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Ac yny ol ynteu y gOledychaOd Trahayarn nab KaradaOc y gefynderO ar teyrnas 1 y GGndyt/ a Rys 2 ab Ovvein a R} T derch uab KaradaOc agynhalas- sant 3 Deheubartli. Ac yna yd ymladaOd Grufud uab Kynan Oyr Iago a a Mon, ac y lladaOd y GrOyndyt KynOric uab RuallaOn. Ac yna y bu vrOydyr yg KamdOr rOg GoronO a Llywelyn meibion KadOgaOn a CharadaOc uab Grufud gyt ac Oynt, a Rys uab Owein a Ryderch uab CaradaOc ygyt ar rei liynny hefyfc. Yny vlOydyn honno y bu vrOydyr Bronn yr ErO ròg Gruffud a Thrahayarn, mlxxiv. Ac yna 4 [blwydyn wedy liynny] y Has Ryderch uab CaradaOc y gan MeirchaOn uab R} r s uab Ryderch y gefynderO drOy dOyll. MLXXV. Ac yna 4 [blwydyn wedy liynny] y bu vrOydyr h GOennott} T ll rOg Llywelyn a meibon Kacl- OgaOn a Rys uab Owein a Ryderch uab KaradaOc, y rel aoruuant eilweith/ MLXXVI. Ac yna 4 [blwydyn wedy bynny] y bu vrOydyr Poll GOdyc, ac yna y goruu Trahayarn bren- hin GOyned, ac y dialaOd giaet Bledyn uab Kynuyn drOy rat DuO, yr hOnn a uu waraf a thrugaroccaf or brenhined ; ac nyt argyOedei y neb o ny chodit, a phan godit, oe anuod y dialei ynteu y godyant ; gOar 5 Manaw, ]j/ 6 Gweun ý nýgŷl rwng meibion Cadwgawn ŷr eil veith, a Rys vab Oweýn, ac ÿ goruuw} 7 t ar Rýs yr eil weith. 7 y rei y gorvvwyd eilweith arnunt. " Wyned, C. I 3 y deheu, C. ■ nab. D. 4 C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 49 of the Britons. And after him Trahaiarn, son of Caradog, his cousin, ruled over the kingdom of the Gwyneddians ; and Rhys, son of Owain, and Rhydd- erch, son of Caradog, held South Wales. And then Gruffudd, son of Cynan, fought against the men of Iago and of a Mona/ and the Gwyneddians killed Cynvrig, son of Rhiwallon. And then, a battle took place at Camddwr, between Goronwy and Llywelyn, sons of Cadwgan, and Caradog, son of Gruffudd, on the one side, and Rhys, son of Owain, and Rhydderch, son of Caradog, also on the other side. In that year the battle of Bron yr Erw took place between Gruf- fudd and Trahaiarn. 1074. And then, 4 a year after that/ Rhydderch, son of Caradog, was killed by his cousin, Meirchion, son of Rhys, son of Rhydderch, through treachery. 1075. And then, 4 a year after that/ b the battle of Gwennottyll took place between Llywelyn and the sons of Cadwgan, and Rhys, son of Owain, and Rhydd- erch, son of Caradog, who prevailed a second time/ 1076. And then, 4 a year after that/ the battle of Pwll Gwdyg took place, when Trahaiarn, king of Gwynedd, prevailed, and, by the grace of God, avenged the blood of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, who was the mildest and most merciful of the kings, and who would injure no one unless offended, and when offended, it was against his will that he then avenged 3/5 the isle of Man, h ' 6 the fight of Gweun y Nygyl took place between the sons of Cadwgan, the second time, and Rhys, son of Owain ; and Rhys was overcome the second time. 7 who were overcome a second time. 5 £>. 6 D. E. D 50 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. oed 6rth y gereint, ac amdiffynOr ymdiueit a gOeinon a gOedwon, a cliedernyt y doeth, ac enryded a grùnd- wal yr eglûysseu, a didanúch y gOlatoed, a hael Orth baGp, aruthur yn ryfel a hegar ar hedûch, ac amdiffyn y baOb. Ac yna y dygOydaOd holl teulu Bys, ac ynteu yn ffoaOdyr, megys karO ofnaOc ym blaen y milgòn dròy y perthi ar creigeu. Ac yn diwed y vlOydyn 1 [honno] yllas Eys 2 [a] Howel y vraOt y gan GaradaOc ap Gruffud. Ac yna yd edewis 8 Sulyen y escobaOt, ac y kymerth y 4 Uraham. mlxxvii. Ac yna 5 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y de- chreuaOd Rys ab Teúdûr wledychu. mlxxviii. Ac 5 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y diffeith- Oyt Mynyò yn druan y gan y kenedloed ; ac y bu uarû y 4 Vraham escob MynyO, ac y kymerth Sulyen yr escobaOt eilweith oe anuod. mlxxix. Ac yna 5 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu vrOydyr ym mynyd Carn, ac yna y lias Trahayarn uab KaradaOc, a uab r Gruffud Oyr Iago, ar Yscotteit gyt ac ef yn ganhorthOy idaO. Ac y lias GOrgeneu uab Seissyll dròy dOyll gan veibon Rys Seis. Ac yna 5 [yn y vlwydyn honno] y deuth Gwilim vastard vrenhin y Saeson ar Freinc ar Brytanyeit Orth wediaO dròy bererindaOt y YynyO. mlxxx. 6 [Y dechrewt edeiliat Caer Dj£] a/ 6 a meibion Riwallawn ; Caradauc a Grufŷd a Meilir ŷ gan Rŷs vab Teudwr, canÿs 1 D. j 3 Sulgenius, C. 2 CD. ap, A. I 4 Abraham, D. Euream, C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 51 the offence. He was gentle to his relations, and was defender of the orphans, the helpless, and the widows ; was the supporter of the wise, the honour and stay of the churches, and the comfort of the countries ; generous to all, terrible in war, and amiable in peace, and a defence to every one. And there all the family of Rhys fell, and himself became a fugitive, like a timid stag before the hounds, through the thickets and rocks. And at the end of that year Rhys, 2 and Howel, his brother, were killed by Caradog, son of Gruffudd. And then Sulien re- signed his bishopric, and it was assumed by Abraham. 1077. And then, 5 a year after that/ Rhys, son of Tewdwr, began to reign. 1078. And, 5 a year after that/ Menevia was miser- ably devastated by the Pagans ; and Abraham, bishop of Menevia, died ; and Sulien took the bishopric the second time against his inclination. * 1079. And then, 5 a year after that/ the battle on //>S/ Carn mountain took place, when were slain Trahaiarn, ^^ia<ẃ«k. h &u~^ son of Caradog, a the son of 7 Gruffudd, grandson of Iago, and with him the j Scots, his auxiliaries. And A^/^ ° Gurgeneu, son of Seisyll, was treacherously killed by the sons of Rhys the Saxon. And then, 5 in that year/ William the Bastard, king of the Saxons and the French and the Britons, came for prayer on a pilgrimage to Menevia. 1080. 6 The building of Cardiff began/ a ' 6 and the sons of Rhiwallon, Caradog and Gruffudd and Meilir, by Rhys, son of Tewdwr, for 52 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. MLXXXI. 1 [Un mlyned a phedwar ugeint a mil oed oet Krist pan oed y 2 decern nonennalis gyntaf.] mlxxxiii. Pedwar ugein mlyned a mil oed oet Crist pan edewis 3 Sulyen y escobaut y dryded weith, ac y kymerth Wilffre. mlxxxiv. 4 [Blwydyn wedy hynny y bu varw Ter- delach brenhin Yscottieit nev y Gwydyl.] 5 mlxxxv. Ac yna 6 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y bu uarO Gwilim vastard, tywyssaOc y Normanyeit a bren- hin y Saeson ar Brytanyeit ar Albanwyr, wedy digaûn o ogonyant a chlot y llithredic vyt yma, a gOedy gogoneduson vudugolyaetheu ac enryded o oludoed ; a gùedy ef y gòledychaOd GOilim Goch y uab. mlxxxvii. Ac yna 6 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y gòrthladùyt Bys uab TeOdOr oe gyfoeth ae teyrnas y gan veibon Bledyn uab Kynuyn, nyt amgen MadaOc a ChadògaOn a 7 Bidit ; ac ynteu a gilyaOd y Iwerdori. Ac yny lie gOedy hynny y kynhullaOd 8 [or Gwyddyl] ac y ymchoelaùd drachefyn. Ac yna y bu vr6ydyr 9 Llych Crei, ac y Has a meibon ' Bledyn, ac y rodes Bys ab TeOdOr diruaOr sôllt yr llygheswyr Yscotteit ar GOydyl a deuthant yn borth idaO. mlxxxviii. Ac yna 6 [blwydyn wedy hynny] y ducpOyt yscrin Dewi yn lledrat or eglOys ac yspeilûyt a' io «^ryrion ii deu vab ÿ Vledynt vab Kýnvýn nýt amgen no Madoc a Ririt. 1 CD. 2 A.D. 1083. 3 Sulgenius, C. 4 a D. e. 5 mlxxxvii., D. 6 C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 53 1081. 1 One thousand and eighty-one was the year of Christ, when the first 2 decem-novennalis occurred/ 1083. One thousand and eighty was the year of Christ, when Sulien resigned his bishopric the third time, and WilfFre took it. 1084. 4 A year after that, Terdelach, king of the Scots or Gwyddelians, died/ / # ' , 1085. And then, 6 a year after that/ died William the Bastard, prince of the Normans, and king of the Saxons, the Britons, and the Albanians, after a suffi- ciency of the glory and fame of this transient world, and after glorious victories, and the honour acquired by riches ; and after him William Rufus, his son, reigned. 1087. And then, 6 a year after that/ Rhys, son of Tewdwr, was expelled from his territory and his king- dom by the sons of Bleddyn, sons of Cynvyn, to wit, Madog, and Cadwgan, and Rhirid, and he himself retreated into Ireland. And immediately afterwards he collected a fleet 8 of the Gwyddelians/ and re- turned again. And then the battle of 9 Llych Crei ' took place, and the a sons ' . of Bleddyn were slain. And Rhys, son of Tewdwr, gave an immense sum of money to the mariners, Scots and Gwyddelians, who had come to assist him. 1088. And then, 6 a year after that/ the shrine of St. David was taken by stealth out of the church, a / io g ran (i S ons 11 two sons of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, to wit, Madog and Rhirid. J ^ n 7 Ririt, C. D. 9 Llech y Kreu, C. Llech Rỳt, D. 10 E. 11 a d. 54 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. yn llGyr yn ymyl y dinas. Ac yna y crynaûd y dayar yn diruawr a yn holl ynys Prydein/ MLXXXix. Ac yna 1 [dwy vlyned wedy hynny] y bu uarO 2 Sulyen escob MynyO, y doethaf or Bryt- anyeit ac arderebaOc o grefydus uuched, wedy clotuor- ussaf dysgedigaeth y disgyblon a chraffaf dysc y plGyfeu, y pet war ugeinuet vlOydyn oe oes, ar unvet eisseu o vgein oe gyssegredigaeth nos galan IonaOr. Ac yna y torret MynyO y gan genedyl yr ynyssed. Ac y bu uarw Kediuor uab GollOyn. b A Llywelyn y vaib' ae vrodyr a ùahaOdyssant Kuffud uab Maredud, ac yn y erbyn yd ymladaGd Rys ab TeOdOr 3 [ac yn ymmyl Llandydoch y bu ymlat ryngtkunt, ac y goruu Rys] ac ae gyrraOd ar fib, ac yny diwed y lladaùd. mxci. 1 [Un mlyned ar] deg mlyned a phedwar ugein a mil oed oet Crist pan las Rys ab TeOdOr brenhin Deheubarth y gan y Ffreinc aoed yn pres- sOylaO BrecheinaOc. Ac yna y dygOydaOd teyrnas y Brytanyeit. Ac yna yd yspeilaOd KadOgaOn uab Bledyn Dyuet c yr eildyd o Vei/ Ac odyna deuvis wedy hynny amgylch kalan Gorffena y deuth y Ffreinc y Dyuet a Cheredigyaùn, y rei ae kynhallas- ant etwa, ac y gadarnhayssant y kestyll, a boll tir y Brytanyeit 1 [a acliubasant.] Ac yna y lias y Moel COlOm ab DOnchath brenin y Picteit ar Albany eit y a/ 4 dros W) 7 neb Kymre. b/ 5 ay veibyon ynteu Llywelyn c/ 6 ŷchỳdic kyn kalan Mei. 1 C. I 3 CD. E. 2 Sulgenius, C. \ 4 D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 55 and was completely despoiled close to the city. And then there was a dreadful earthquake a in all the island of Britain/ 1089. And then, 1 two years after that/ Sulien, bishop of Menevia, the wisest of the Britons, and il- lustrious for his religious life, died, — after the most praiseworthy instruction of his disciples, and the most vigilant teaching of his parishes, — in the eightieth year of his age, and the twentieth but one of his consecra- tion, on the eve of the calends of January. And then Menevia was demolished by the Pagans of the Isles. And Cedivor, son of Collwyn, died. b And his son, Llywelyn/ and his brothers invited Gruffudd, son of Maredudd ; and Rhys, son of Tewdwr, fought against him, 3 and near Llandydoch a battle took place between them, and Ehys was victorious/ and drove him to flight, and at last slew him. 1091. 1 One year and 7 one thousand and ninety was {/ /0 . I 2 Kelli Caruawc, C. Carnawc, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 59 tries remained a desert. And about the middle of harvest king William raised an army against the Britons ; and after the Britons had taken to their fastnesses in the woods and glens, William returned home empty, without having gained anything. 1094. The ensuing year William, son of Baldwin, died, who founded the castle of Rhyd y Gors, 1 by the command of the king of England. And after his death the custodians left the castle empty/ And then the Britons of Brecheiniog, Gwent, and Gwenllwg resisted the domination of the French. And then the French directed an army against Gwent, but empty, and without having gained anything, they retreated ; and in returning back they were slain by the Britons, in the place called 2 Celli Carnant. After that the French raised an army against a the Britons/ medi- tating the devastation of the whole country ; without being able to fulfil their intention, on returning back, they were cut off by the sjDns^fJdnerth, _son_ of Cadwgan, Gruffudd and Ivor, in the place called Aber Llech. And the inhabitants remained in their houses, b confiding fearlessly/ though the castles were yet entire, and the garrisons in them. In that year, Uch- trud, son of Edwin, and Howel, son of Goronwy, with many other chieftains of the family of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, marched and fought against the castle of Pembroke, despoiled it of all its cattle, ravaged the whole country, and with an immense booty re- turned home. 1095. The ensuing year, Gerald the steward, to whom had been assigned the stewardship of the castle If' Ac <™~^ <^H-^/ ; /Off ^u^s&^ a ; 4 Brecheiniog, b/ 5 tremblingly, 3 a, CD. 4 C. D. E. 60 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. aeth castell Penuro 1 teruyneu MynyO. Ac yna yr eilweith y kyffroes GOilim vrenhin Lloeger aneiryf o luoed a diruaOr uedyant a gallu yn erbyn y Brytan- yeit. Ac yna y gochelaGd y Brytanyeit eu kynnOrOf 6ynt, heb obeithaO yndunt e hunain namyn gan ossot gobeith yn DuO creaOdyr pob peth drOy a ymprydyaO agòediaó ' arodi kardodeu a chymryt garO bennyt ar eu kyrff. Kanny leuassei y Freinc kyrchu y creigeu ar coedyd, namyn gòibyaO yg gOastadyon veussyd. Yny diwed yn orOac yd ymchoelassant adref heb ennill dim ; ar Brytanyeit yn hyfryt digrynedic a ymdiffynnassant eu gòlat. mxcvi. Y vlOydyn rac Gyneb y kyffroes y Ffreinc luoed y dryded weith yn erbyn GOyned, a deu dyòyssaûc yn eu blaen, a Hu 2 [vras] Iarll Am- Oythic yn bennaf arnunt. A pliebyllyaO aorugant yn erbyn ynys Yon 2 [y lie ý gelwÿt Aber Lliennauc, ac ŷ gwnaethant gastell ýno]. Ar 3 Brytanyeit gOedy kilyaO yr lleoed kadarnaf udunt oe gnotaedic defaOt ac a gaOssant yn eu kyghor achubeit Mon. A gGahaOd attunt Orth amdiffyn udunt Hyges ar uor o lOerdon dròy gymryt y rodyon ar gobreu y gan y Ffreinc. Ac yna yd edewis KadOgaOn uab Bledyn a Grufud uab Kynan ynys Yon, ac y kilyassant y Iwerdon rac ofyn tOyll y gòyr e hunein. Ac yna y deuth y Ffreinc y myOn yr ynys, ac y lladassant rei owyr yr ynys. -Ac ual ydoedynt yntrigyaO yno y deuth 4 Magnus brenhin 5 Germania a rei oe logeu gantaû a/ 6 imprytyeu a gGedieu 1 The original word seems to have been tremygu; the other is written over it in another hand. °-D. 3 Gwindyd, C. D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 61 of Pembroke, ravaged the boundaries of Menevia. And then, the second time, William, king of England, assembled innumerable hosts, with immense means and power, against the Britons. And then the Britons avoided their impulse, not confiding in themselves, but placing their hope in God, the Creator of all things, by a fasting and praying/ and giving alms, and undergoing severe bodily penance. For the French dared not penetrate the rocks and the woods, but hovered about the level plains. At length they re- turned home empty, without having gained anything ; and the Britons, happy and unintimidated, defended their country. 1096. The ensuing year the French, for the third /" ^ ö ^ J2 time, assembled their troops against Gwynedd, con- ^ 7 / / ducted by two leaders, with Hugh 2 the Fat," earl of Shrewsbury, as chief over them ; and they encamped against the isle of Mona, 2 in the place called ^Aber Lliennog, where they built a castle/ And the Britons, having retreated to their strongest places, according to their usual custom, agreed in council to save Mona. And they invited to their defence a fleet that was at sea from Ireland, which had accepted gifts and rewards from the French. And then Cad- wgan, son of Bleddyn, and Gruffudd, son of Cynan, left the isle of Mona, and retreated into Ireland, for fear of the treachery of their own men. And then the French entered the island, and killed some of the men of the island. And whilst they tarried there, 4 Magnus, king of 5 Germany, came, accompanied by ? 7 /3 a ' 6 fasts and prayers, 4 Maurus, C. 6 Norwei, D. 62 BEUT Y TYWYSOGIOX. hyt ym Mori drOy obeithaO kaffel gorescyn ar wlatoed y Brytanyeit. A gOedy clybot o 1 Vagnus brenhin y Ffreinc yn mynych vedylyaO diffeithaú yr holl wlat, ae dOyn hyt ar dim, dyfryssyaO aoruc y eu kyrclru. Ac ual yd oedynt yn ymsaethu y neill rei or mor ar rei ereill or tir y brathOyt Hu iarll yn y Oyneb, ac o laO y brenliin ehun yny vrOydyr y digOydaOd. Ac yna ydedewis Magnus vrenhin drOy deissyfyt kyghor teruyneu y wlat. A dOyn aoruc y Freinc oil a maOr a bychan hyt ar y Saeson. A gûedy na allei y GOndyt godef kyfreitheu a barneu a threis y Freinc arnunt, kyfodi aorugant eilweith yn eu herbyn, ac Owein uab Edwin yn dywyssaOc arnadunt y gOr adugassei y Freinc gynt y Yon. mxcvii. Y vlOydyn góedi hynny yd ymchoelaOd KadOgaOn uab Bledyn a Gruffud uab Kynan o Iwer- don. A gOedy hedychu ar Ffreinc o nadunt ran or wlat a achubassant. KadOgaOn uab Bledyn a gymerth KeredigyaOn a chyfran o Bowys, a Gruffud agauas Mon. Ac yna y lias Llywelyn uab KadOgaOn y gan wyr BrecheinaOc. Ac ydaeth Howel uab Ithel y Iwerdon. Yny vlOydyn honno y bu uarO 2 Rychmarch doeth mab 3 Sulyen escob, y doethaf a o doethon y Brytanyeit/ y dryded vlOydyn a deugein oe oes, y gOr ny chyfodaOd yn yr oessoed cael y gyffelyb kyn noc ef, ac nyt haOd credu na thybygu cael y gyfryO gOedy ef. Ac ni chaOssei dysc gan arall eiryoet eithyr gan y dat a/ 4 or Kymre, 1 Maurus, C. J 2 Kythemarch, C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PEINCES. 63 some of his ships, as far as Mona, hoping to be ena- bled to take possession of the countries of the Britons. And when king 1 Magnus had heard of the frequent designs of the French to devastate the whole country, and to reduce it to nothing, he hastened to attack them. And as they were mutually shooting, the one party from the sea, and the other party from the land, earl Hugh was wounded in the face, by the hand of the king himself. And then king Magnus, with sudden determination, left the borders of the country. So the French reduced all, as well great as small, to be Saxons. And when the Gwyneddians could not bear the laws and judgments and violence of the French over them, they rose up a second time against them, having, as their commander, Owain, son of Edwin, the man who had originally brought the French into Mona. 1097. The year after that, Cadwgan, son of Bledd- f . 64 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. elmn, gùedy adassaf enryded y genedyl e htm, a gûedy klotuorussaf ac atneOydussaf ganmaOl y gyfnes- savyon genedloed, nyt amgen Saeson a Freinc a chen- edloed eraill or tu draO y vor, a hynny drGy gyff- redin gòynuan paOb yn doluryaO eu callonneu y bu tiarO. mxcviii. Yny vlOydyn rac Oyneb y lias GOilim Goch brenhin y Saeson, yr hOnn a OnaethpOyt yn nrenhin gôedy Gùilim y dat. Ac ual yd oed hónnO dydgOeith yn hela gyt a Henri y braOt ieuaf idaO, a rei oe marchogyon gyt ac Oynt y brathOyt a saeth y gan 1 Wallter Turel ' marchavc idaO oe anuod, pan yttoed yn bOrO karO y medraOd y brenhin ac ae lladaOd. A phan "welas Henri y vraOt ynteu hynny gorchymyn aoruc corf y vraOt yr marchogyon aoed yny lie, ac erchi udunt gOneuthur brenhinaOl arOylant idaO 2 [aÿ dwýn ŷ Gaer Wint.] Ac ynteu a gerdaOd hyt yg Kaer Wynt yny lie yd oed sOllt y brenhin ae vren- hinolyon oludoed. Ac achub yrei hynny a oruc. A galO ataO holl tylvyth y brenhin ; a mynet odyna hyt yn Llundein ae gorescyn, yr honn y ssyd benhaf a choron ar holl vrenhinyaeth Loeger, Ac yna y kyt- redassant attaO Ffreinc a Saeson y gyt, ac o vren- hinaOl gor y gossodassant ef yn vrenhin yn Lloeger. Ac yny lie y kymerth ynteu yn wreic briaOt idaO 8 Yahalt uerch y Moel COlOm, brenhin a Prydein ' o Vargaret nrenhines y mam. A honno drOy y phriodi a ansodes ef yn tirenhines ; kanys GOilim Goch y vraOt ef yny vyOyt a aruerassei o orderchadeu, ac a' 4 y Pictieit 1 Sir Walter Tirel, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 65 instruction from any other but Iris own father, — after the meetest honour of his own kindred, and after the highest praise and renewed commendation of the neighbouring nations, to wit, of the. Saxons, the French, and other nations beyond the sea — with uni- versal lamentation, all being grieved in their hearts that he died. 1098. In the ensuing year, William Rufus, king of the Saxons, who had been made king after William, his father, was killed ; for, as he was on a certain day hunting, along with Henry, his youngest brother, accompanied by some of his knights, he was wounded with an arrow by Walter Tyrell, a knight of his own, who, unwittingly, as he was shooting at a stag, hit the king and killed him. And when his brother Henry saw that, he commended the body of his brother to the charge of the knights who were present, and or- dered them to make a royal funeral for him, 2 and to convey it to Winchester and he himself proceeded to Winchester, where the treasure and royal riches of the king were deposited, which he secured ; and he called to him all the family of the king. And from thence he went to London, and took possession of it, which is the chiefest and crown of the whole kingdom of England. Then the French and Saxons all flocked together to him, and by royal council appointed him king in England. And immediately he took for his wife Mahalt, daughter of Malcolm, king of a Prydyn/ by queen Margaret her mother. And she, by his mar- rying her, was raised to the rank of queen ; for William Rufus, his brother, in his life time, had ^ 4 the Picts, Mahald, C. i 4 a d. E 66 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOK Orth hynny y buassei uarû heb etifed. Ac yna yd ymhoelaOd Robert y braOt hynaf udunt yn uudug- aOl o Gaerussalem, ac y bu uarO Tomas archescob Kaer EfraOc. Ac yn y ol ynteu ydenessaOd Gerrart a uuassei escob yn Herford kynno hynny ; ac y derch- afaOd Henri urenhin ef, ar deilygdaOt a oed vch yn archescob yg Kaer EfraOc. Ac yna y kymerth 1 Ansel archescob Keint drachefyn y archescobaót drOy Henri vrenhin yr hOn a adaOssei yn amser GOilim Goch vrenhin o achaOs enwired hOnnO ae greulonder. Kany welei ef hOnnO yn gOneuthur dim yn gyfyaOn o orch- ymmyneu DuO, nac o lywodraeth vrenhinaOl teilyg- daOt. MXCix. BlOydyn gòedy hynny y bu uarò Hu Yras Iarll Kaer Llion 2 jir_ Wysc ac yny ol y dynessaOd Roger y vab kyt bei bychan y oet. Ac eissoes y brenhin ae gossodes yn lie y dat a achaOs meint y karei y dat. Ac yny vlOydyn honno y bu uarO Gronnö uab KadOgaOn ac 3 Owein uab Grufud. MC. Can mlyned a mil oed oet Crist, 4 [ 5 decern nouenalis gyntaf] pan uu agkyttundeb r6g Henri vrenhin a Robert Iarll AmOythic 6 [yr hwnn a elwid de Belen] ac ErnOlf y vraGt, gOr a gauas Dyfet yn rann idaO, 4 [o goelbren] ac awnaeth castell Penuro yn uaOrurydus. A phan gigleu y brenhin eu bot yn gOneuthur tOyll yn y erbyn megys y deuth y chwedyl arnunt y galOaOd attaO y wybot gOiryoned am hynny; ac Oynteu heb allel ymdiret yr brenhin a geissassant achaOs y vOrO escus. AgOedy gOybot o nadunt adnabot or brenhin eu tOyll ac eu brat, ny beidassant ymdangos ger bron y gendrycholder ef. Achub aorugant eu kedernit agalO porth o bob tu udunt, a gOahaOd attunt y Brytanyeit aoedynt dares- 1 Anselmus, C. I 3 Gwyim, C. D. 2 Not in CD. I 4 D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PEINCES. 67 consorted with concubines, and on that account had died without an heir. And then Robert, their eldest brother, returned victoriously from Jerusalem. And Thomas, archbishop of York, died, and Gerard succeeded him, who had been previously bishop of Hereford, and king Henry raised him to the higher dignity of archbishop of York. And then Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, received back his arch- bishopric from king Henry, which he vacated in the time of king William Rufus, on account of the ini- quity and cruelty of that monarch, for he could not see that he observed any of the commandments of God justly, nor the royal obligations of government. 1099. A year after that, died Hugh the Fat, earl of * Caerleon f ^upon UslCJ' and to him succeeded Roger, /# % prison ; but made peace with his brother Cadwgan, ( and gave him Ceredigion and a part of Powys. Subsequently lorwerth repaired to the king, suppos- ing the king would keep his promise to him ; but the king departing from his engagement with him, ) took Dyved 1 and the castle ' from him, and gave them / to a certain cavalier called 2 Saer ; and the Yale of I Tywi, Cydweli, and Gower he granted to Howel a and » Goronwy. And in that interval, Goronwy, son of Rhys, was taken 1 through treachery/ and died in his prison. 1101. In the ensuing year, when Magnus, king of S //cs . Germany, had hoisted sails on a few ships, he made depredations on the shores of b Britain; and when the c Britons saw that, they arose from the mouths of the caves in multitudes like ants in pursuit of their spoils. And when they saw the king had so few in number with him, they advanced boldly, and arranged in order of battle against him. And when the king observed that, he prepared his army, without looking upon the multitude of his enemies, and the smallness of his own number, according to the manner of the d Albanians ; recollecting his innumerable victories of former times, he made a disadvantageous attack. And after the battle had proceeded, and many been killed on both sides ; owing to the pressure and over- powering numbers of his foes, the king was killed. //^3. 4 And at that time lorwerth, son of Bleddyn, was cited to Shrewsbury, through the treachery of the^/ a 5 son of c 6 Scandinavians b 6 Scandinavia d 7 men of Denmark 5 CD. 6 Z>. 76 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. dadleuoed ac negesseu ; a phan doeth ef yna yd- ymchoelaOd yr holl dadleu yny erbyn e ; ac ar hyt ydyd y dadleuOyt ac ef, ac yny diwed y barnOyd yn gamlyryus. A gOedy hynny y barnòyt y garchar y brenhin, nyt herúyd kyfreith, namyn herOyd medyant ; ac yna y pallaOd y holì obeith ae kedernit ae hechyt ae didanOch yr holl Yrytanyeit. MCII. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Owein uab Etwin drOy hir glefyt. Ac yna yd ystores 1 Rickart uab Baldwin gastell 2 Ryt y Gors, ac y gyrrOyt Howel uab GronO ymeith oe gyfoeth, y gOr aorchymynassei Henri vrenhin keitwataeth Ystrad Tywi a 2 Ryt y Gors. a Ac ynteu a gynnullaGd anreitheu drOy losci tei a diffeithaú hayach yr holl Oladoed, allad llaOer or Ffreinc aoedynt yn ymchoelut adref/ Ac ynteu a gychwynnaOd y 0] at o bop tu, ac ae hachubaOd ar castell adrigyaOd yn digyffro ae wercheitweit yndaO. YgkyfrOg hynny y gOrthladaûd Henri vreuhin 3 Saer marchaOc o Penuro, ac y rodes keitwataeth y kastell ae holl teruyneu y 4 Heralt Ystiwert, 3^ hOnn aoed dan ErnOlf Ystiwert. MCiil. 5 [Blwydyn wedy hynny] y vlGydyn honno y lias Howel uab GronO drOy dOyll y gan y Ffreinc aoedynt yn kadO Eyt y Gors. GOgaOn uab Meuruc, y gOr a oed yn ineithryn mab y Howel 6 [a mwiaf gwr or být ýd ymdiriedev idau] aOnaeth y urat ual a 7 6 A llosgi ýr ydev ar tei, ac adau ý tir ŷn diifeitli, ac ŷmchwelut or Freinc adref drachevjn heb argýwed arnadunt. 1 Eicard, D. 2 Ryt Cors, B. 3 Saher, C. D. E. 4 Gerald, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 77 king's council/ And his pleadings and claims were ar- ranged ; and on his having come, all the pleadings were turned against him, and the pleading continued through the day ; and at last he was adjudged to be fineable, and was afterwards cast into the king's prison, not according to law, but according to power. Then failed all the hope, and the fortitude, and the strength, and the happiness, of all the Britons. 1102. The ensuing year Owain, son of Edwin, died after a long illness. And then Rickart, son of Bald- win, stored the castle of Rhyd y Gors ; and Howel, son of Goronwy, was driven from his dominion, — the man to whom king Henry had deputed the con- servancy of the Vale of Tywi and Rhyd y Gors. a Upon which he collected spoils, by burning houses and laying waste nearly all the districts, and killing many of the French who were returning home/ He also raised the country on every side, and repossessed it, and the castle remained undisturbed, and its gar- rison within it. In that interval king Henry ex- pelled the cavalier 3 Saer from Pembroke, and granted the custody of the castle with all its boundaries to Gerald the steward, who had been under Ernulf the y/ẃ^^ z£ t£ steward. 1103. 5 A year after that/ that year Howel, son of X ^ c £ , ^ Goronwy, was killed, through treachery, by the French, who had the custody of Rhyd y Gors. Gwgawn, son of Meurug, the person who was nurturing a son of Howel, 5 and whom of all men he mostly trusted/ formed the a ' 6 And he burnt the crops and houses, and left the land desolate ; and the French returned home again without being molested. 5 C. I 6 D. 78 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. hynn. GalO a Onaeth GOgaOn Howel y ty ae wahaòd, ac anuon yr castell agalO a Ffreinc attaO, a menegi udunt eu teruynedic le, ac aros amser yny nos. Ac Cynteu a deuthant amgylch pylgein, a cliylcliynu y dref ar ty yd oed Howel yndaO, a dodi gaûr, ac aryr aCr y duhunaOd Howel yn dilesc, a cheissaO y arueu, a duhunaO y gedymdeithon, a galw arnunt. Ar cledyf arydaroed idaO y dodi ar benn y wely ae wayw is y traet arydygassei GadOgaOn tra yttoed yn kyscu. A Howel a geisaOd y getynideithon Crtli ymlad, a thebygu eu bot yn baraOt. Ac neur daroed udunt iFo ar yr aOr gyntaf or nos, ac yna y goruu arnaO ynteu fo. AgógaOn ae hymlidyaûd yngraff 3^n y delis megys y hedewis. A plian deutli kedym- deitlion KadOgaOn attaO tagu HoOel aorugant ; ar tageclic yn uarO haeach y dugant at y Freinc. Ac Cynteu gOedy Had y benn a ymchoelassant yr kastelL Yny vlOydyn honno y güelat seren enryfed y gOelet- yat yn anuon paladyr o heni yn ol y chefyn, ac o braíFter colofyn y meint, a diruaOr oleuat idi yn dar- ogan yr hynn avei rac llaO. Kanys Henri amher- aGdyi' Rufein gOedy diruaOryon uudugolyaetbeu ; a chrefydussaf vuclied y Grist a orffowyssaOd ; ae vab góedy ynteu gOedy cael llawer o enryded ac eistedua amherodraeth Rufein awnaethpOyt yn amheraòdyr. Ac yna ydanuones Henri vrenhin Lloeger marchogyon i darestOg Normandi. A chyhGrd ac Oynt awnaetli 1 [Robert iarll ac Ernwlf ŷ vraut a] Robert iarll 2 o Vethlem ; 1 [a William o a Moretania ÿ gevynderw] ; a a' 3 y r ytaen y ewytliyr I 2/ de Belem, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 79 plot in this wise : Gwgawn called Howel, and invited him into his house, and sent to the castle and called the French to him, and shewed them their appointed place, to wait till a certain time in the night. So they came about daybreak, and surrounded the hamlet and the house in which Howel was, and gave a shout ; and with that shout Howel promptly awaked, and sought for his arms, and waked and called his companions. And the sword which he had placed on the top of his bed, and the spear at his feet, had been taken away by Cadwgan, whilst he was asleep. Howel sought for his companions to fight, supposing them to be ready ; but they had fled, probably at the first hour of the night ; and then he also was compelled to flee. And Gwgawn pursued him warily, till he had taken him, as he had promised. And when Gwgawn's companions came to him, they strangled Howel ; and brought him, strangled and almost dead, to the French, who, after cutting off his head, returned to the castle. In that year there was seen a star of wonderful appearance, emit- / 1 o é? . ting a beam behind, and of the thickness of a column, of immense light, foreboding what would be in future. For Henry, emperor of Rome, after extraordinary victories, and a most religious life in Christ, went to his rest ; and his son succeeding him, after having obtained much honour and the seat of the Roman empire, was made emperor. And then Henry, king ^^.pt^A //0^ of England, sent knights to subdue Normandy, and 1 Robert the earl, with his brother Ernulf, and ' Ro- bert, earl 2 of Bethlehem/ 1 and William of a More- tania, his cousin/ met them, and having prevailed a/ 3 Brittany, his uncle, a 80 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. gíiedy gorfot arnunt eu gyrru ar ffo. A gwedy na rymheint dim anuon aorugant at y brenhin y geissaO nerth. Ac yna y brenhin elmn gyt ac amylder o varchogyon adiruaOr lu a vordOyaOd drOod. Ac yna y kybyrdaOd ar iarll yndilesc, ac ef ae ganhorthOywyr ac yn gywarsagedic odra lluossogròyd y kymerth y iFo, ae ymlifc or brenhin yny delis ac ef 1 [a Gwilliam ỳ a gevýnderw] ae wyr. A gOedy eu dala ae hanuon- es y Loeger y eu karcharu ; a holl Normandi a darestygûys Orth y vedyant e hun. Yn 1 [diwed] y vlOydyn honno y Has Meuruc a Griffri veibon Tra- haearn vab KaradaOc b ac Owein uab KadOgaOn. MCIV. Y vlOydyn rac wyneb y diegis Maredud uab Bledyn oe garchar ac y deuth y wlat. 1 [Ac ý bu varw Herwald escop Llandaf: ac ỳ doeth ỳný le yntev Worgan Ancellin archescob aÿ k}'ssegrw5^s ýng Keint]. Ac yna y bu varO Ed wart uab y Moel COlOm ; ac yny le ef y kynhelis Alexander y vraOt y deyrnas. MCV. Y vlOydyn gOedy hynny ydanuonet neb un genedyl diadnabydus, herOyd kenedlaeth a moesseu, ny wydit py le yd ymgudyssynt ynyr ynys dalym o vlOynyded, y gan Henri vrenhin y wlat Dyfet. Ar genedyl honno aachubaOd holl gantref Eos gyr Uaó aber yr avon aelwir Cledyf, gOedy eu gOrthlad o gObyl. Ar genedyl honno, megys y dywedir, a hanoed o Fílandrys, y gOlat yr honn yssyd ossodedic yn nessaf ger llaO mor y Brytanyeit. O achaOs achub or mor agorescyn eugOlat hyt yny ymchoelet yr holl wlat 2 ewythyr b 3 y gan > D. i 2 C. THE CPIRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 81 over them, put them to flight. And since they could offer no resistance, they sent to the king to procure aid. And then the king himself, with a multitude of knights, and an immense army, sailed over ; and then he met with the earl promptly, him and his abettors, who, overpowered by excess of numbers, took to flight, the king pursuing, until he secured him, 1 and William his a cousin/ and his men. And having cap- ///^ tured them he sent them to England, to be imprisoned ; and he reduced the whole of Normandy into his own possession. Towards 1 the close of ' that year were killed Meurug and GrifFri, sons of Trahaiarn, son of Caradog, b and 0 wain, son of Cadwgan. ^ /Tà/ 1104. The ensuing year Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, J*^ escaped from his prison, and returned %o his courí^ ^ J' try ; 1 and Herwald, bishop of Llandaf^ 3ied,^ and was ° ^ ' succeeded by Woman, who was consecrated in Kent ' - jfc^ by archbishop Ancellin/ Then died Edward, son of < . Malcolm; and Alexander, his brother, possessed the (J f f o l kingdom in his stead. 1105. The year after that, a certain nation, not s recognised in respect of origin and manners, and un- v ^ * ^ known as to where it had been concealed in the island for a number of years, was sent by king Henry into the country of Dyved. And that nation seized the whole cantred of Rhos, near the efflux of the river called Cleddyv, having driven off the people com- pletely. That nation, as it is said, was derived from Flanders, the country which is situated nearest to the sea of the Britons. This was on account of the en- croachment of the sea on their country, the whole region having been reduced to disorder, and bearing 2 ancle, b 3 by 3 C. D. F 82 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ar agkrynodeb heb dóyn dim ffrOyth gOedy bOrO o lanO or mor di ar tywot yr tir. Ac yny diwed gòedy na clieffynt le y pressOylyaO ; kanys y mor a diueuassei ar draOs yr aruordired ar mynyded yn gyflaOn o dynyon hyt na allei baOp bressOylyaO yno a achaOs amylder y dynyon a bychanet y tir, y genedyl lionno a deissyuaOd Henri vrenhin, ac 1 a adolygassant' idaO kaffel lie y pressOylynt yndaO ; ac 2 [ýna] yd anuonet 2 [Oynt] hyt yn Bos drOy Orthlad odyno y priodolyon giOdaOtwyr, y rei agollassant eu priaOt wlat ae lie yr hynny hyt 3 [hediO]. a Yg- kOfrOg hynny Geralt ystiwart Penuro a ròndòalaOd kastell 4 Kenarch Bychan/ ac ansodi awnaeth yno, a Uehau yno y holl oludoed, ae wreic ae etifedyon ae holl annwylyt, ae gadarnhau awnaeth o glaOd a mur 2 [a phort achlo arnav]. MCVI. Y vlûydyn rac Oyneb y paratoes KadOgaOn uab Bledyn wled y bennaduryeit y wlat, ac y gOa- hodes yr wled awnathoed Owein y vab o Powys. Ar wled honno a wnaeth ef y Nadolic yr enryded y Duw. A gOedy darnot y wled, a chlybot o Owein vot Nest nerch Eys ab TewdOr gOreic Ge- ralt ystiwart yny dywededic gastell vry, mynet aoruc y ymwelet ahi ac ychydic o nifer y gyt ac ef megys b achares ' idaO ac velly ydoedynt, s kanys KadOgaOn uab Bledyn a GOladus uerch RiOall- aOn mam Nest aoedynt gefynderO a chefnitherO, kanys Bledyn a BiOallaOn meibon Kynfyn aoedynt < v 6 Ac ýna ýr adeiliawd Gerald gwasanaethwr ýr eil weith castell Penvro ŷn lie ÿ gelwit Kengarth vachan. b/ 7 a chyueilles 1 aadolygaOd, B. 2 D. j 3 Supplied from other MSS. I 4 Keugarth Vachaw, C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 83 no produce, owing to the sand cast into the land by the tide of the sea. At last, when they could get no space to inhabit, as the sea had poured over the maritime land, and the mountains were full of people, so that all could not dwell there on account of the multitude of men, and the scantiness of the land, that nation craved of king Henry, and besought him to assign a place where they might dwell. And 2 then they were sent into Rhos, expelling from thence the proprietary inhabitants, who thus lost their own country and place from that time until 3 the present day/ a In the meanwhile Gerald, the steward of Pembroke, foun ded the castle of 4 Little Cenarch/ where he settled ; and there he deposited all his riches, with his wife, his heirs, and all dear to him ; and he fortified it with a ditch and wall, 3 and a gateway with a lock on it/ 1106. The ensuing year, Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, prepared a feast for the chieftains of his country ; and he invited to the feast, which he made, his son Owain from Powys. And that feast he made at Christmas in, honour of God. And when the feast was ended, Owain hearing that Nest, daughter of Rhys, son of , Tewdwr, and w T ife of Gerald the steward, was in the ( castle above mentioned, went, accompanied by a small retinue, to visit her as his b kinswoman, and so she was ; for Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, and Gwladus, daughter of Rhiwallon, the mo thereof Nest, were cou- sins ; as Bleddyn and Rhiwallon, sons oFCynvyn, were a ' 6 And then Gerald the minister built a second time the castle of Pembroke, in the place called Little Ceng-arth. b/ 7 friend a, B, D. a F 2 11 A A. 84 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. vrodyr o y Agliarat uerch Varednd vrenhin. A gOedy liynny o annoc 1 a [kythrenl]' y doeth ef nossweith yr castell ac ychydic o nifer b y gy t ac ef ' val amgylch pedwargGyr ardec ; a gOedy gùnenthur claOd dan y trotheu yndirgel heb Oybot y geitOeit y kastell. Ac yna y doethant 1 [dros y mnr ar fos ' 2 y mewn yn diarwybot] yr castell ydoed Geralt a Nest y wreic yn kysgn yndaO, a dodi gaGr awnaethant ygkylch y castell, ac ennynu tan yn y tei Orth y llosgi. A dyliunaO a ornc Geralt pan gigleu yr aOr 1 [hep Oybot beth aOnaei]. Ac yna y dyOaOt Nest OrthaO. Na dos allan heb hi yr dròs, kanys yno y mae dy elynyon yth aros, namyn dyret ym ol i ; a hynny a 3 wnaeth ef. A hi ae harwedaOd ef hyt yggeudy aoed gys- syllteclic Orth c y castell;' ac yno megys y dywedir y dihegis. A phan Oybn Nest y dianc ef llefein aoruc a dywedut OrthaO y gOyr yssyd allan beth a lefwch 4 [chOi] yn ofer, nyt yttiO yma y neb ageissOch, neur dihegis. A gOedy eu dyuot 5 Oynten y my0n 5 y geissaO aorugant ym pob man ; a gOedy nas kaOss- ant/ dala Nest aOnaethant ae den vab ae merch a mab 4 [arall] idaO ynten o garat wreic, ac yspeilaO y castell ae anreithaO. A gOedy llosgi y kastell a chynnllaO anreith a chytyaO a 6 Nest ymchoelnt 7 aOnaeth y r wlat. Ac nyt yttoed KadOgaOn y dat ef yn gedrychaOl yna yny wlat, kanys ef aathoed y Powys Orth hedychn y rei aoedynt yn annhyn 8 ac aathoedynt y Orth Owein/ A phan giglen KadOgaOn y gOeithret hOnnO kymryt 9 y drOc arnaO gan 10 sorri a ' 11 Dnw 12 gýthreulaeth b r is y n y getymdeithas c/ 13 yr ystauell ; 1 a 2 D. 3 oruc, B. 4 B. 5 6y, B. fi hitheu, B. 7 a oruc dracheuen y6, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 85 brothers, from Angharad, daughter of king Maredudd. / ///^? After that, instigated by la the devil/ he came on a ^~ certain night to the castle, having b with him 7 a small number, about fourteen persons ; and having privately excavated under the threshold, unknown to the keepers of the castle, they got *over the wall and the ditch ' 2 unawares into ' the castle, where Gerald and Nest were sleeping ; and they set up a shout about the castle, and kindled a fire in the surrounding houses to burn them. Gerald awoke on hearing the shout, 1 not knowing what to do / and then Nest said to him, 'Go not out to the door, for there thy ene- ' mies wait for thee ; but come and follow me/ And that he did, and she conducted him to a privy, ad- joining c the castle/ whence, it is said, he escaped. And when Nest knew that he had escaped, she cried and said to the men outside, ' Why call ye out in ' vain ? he is not here, whom ye seek ; he surely has * escaped/ And when they had entered, they searched for him everywhere ; and not having found him, they took NejSt^jwith_ her^ two sons and^d aughter, and also 4 another son that he had by a concubine ; and spoiled and laid waste the castle. And after burning the castle, and collecting a booty, and having connexion with Nest, Owain returned to his country. But ^ O^tA^i^ ? Cadwgan, his father, was not then in the country ; for he had gone to Powys, to pacify those that were at variance, and had separated from Owain. And when Cadwgan became acquainted with that deed, he a ' 11 God, 12 devilry, b/ 13 in his company c> 13 tlie room,, 8 ac OOein, r.c a athoeclynt yOrthaO, B. 9 yn, B. 10 sonv B. 11 A. 12 D. 13 B. 86 BRUT Y TYWYS0G10N. aoruc ef hynny o achaOs y treis kyt awnathoedit a Nest vercli Bys. Ac 1 [heuyt] rac ofyn UidyaO o Henri vrenhin am sarliaet y ystiwart, ac yna ym- choelut aoruc acheissaO talu y wreic ae anreith y Eralt ystiwart drachefyn y gan Owein, ac nys cafas. Ac yna o ystryO y wreic a oed yndywedut Crth Owein ual hynn. 0 mynny uygkael i yn ffydlaOn ytt am kynnal 1 [y] gyt athi, hebròg vym plant att eu tat. Ac yna o dra serch a charyat y wreic, y gellygaOd y a blant / yr ystiwart. A phan gigleu 2 Rickart escob Llundein hynny, y g6r a oed yna ystiwart y Henri vrenhin yn AmOythic, medylyaO a oruc dial ar OOein sarbaet Geralt ystiwart ; a galO attaò 3 awnaeth Itbel a MadaOc meibon 4 Eidit uab Bledyn adywedut Ortbynt ual hynn. A vynnGch chwi regi bod y Henri vrenhin achaffel y garyat ae gedymdeithas yn dra- gywydaOl, ac ef ach maOrhaa 1 [ac acb dyrcbeif ynn ych ac] yn bennach no neb och kyttirogyon, ac a gyghorvynna OrthyOcb ych kyt teruynwyr och holl genedyl. Ac atteb aOnaethant mynnwn heb 6ynt. EOcb chOitheu heb ef a delOch Owein uab KadOgaOn os gellOch ac onys gellOch gOrthledOch or wlat ef ae dat ; kanys ef awnaeth gam a sarhaet yn erbyn 5 y brenhin, a diruaOr gollet y Eralt ystiòart y wahan- redaOl gyfeillt am y wreic ae blant ae gastell, ae j^speil ae anreith, a minheu 6 arodaf gyt achOi fydlonnyon gedymdeithon nyt amgen Llywarch uab Trahaearn, a/ 7 y deu vab ar verch 1 B. I 3 a oruc, B. 2 Iliebyard, C. | 1 Eirit, C. D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PÍUNCES. 87 was sorry and displeased, because of the violation ^///o committed upon Nest, the daughter of Rhys, and 1 also for fear king Henry should be enraged at the insult to his steward. Thereupon he returned, and endeavoured to prevail on Owain to restore to Gerald the steward, his wife and spoil ; but he did not suc- ceed. Then, through the finesse of the wife, who spoke thus to Owain, * If thou will have me faithful ' to thee, and remain with thee, send my children to ' their father/ he then, from excess of love towards the wife, suffered a the children ' to be returned to the steward. And when Rickart, bishop of London, ^ v who was steward to king Henry at Shrewsbury, heard of that affair, he thought of revenging upon Owain the insult done to Gerald the steward, and he called to him Ithel and Madog, the sons of Rhirid, son of Bleddyn, and addressed them thus : ' Would ' ye that you should please king Henry, and obtain ' his love and support for ever, and that he should ' magnify 1 and exalt you higher than, and ' above • every one of your neighbours, and that your neigh- ' bours of your whole nation should envy you ? ' And they answered, 'We would/ 'Go ye then/ said he, ' and seize Owain, son of Cadwgan, if you can ; and ' if you cannot, expel him and his father from the f country ; for he has committed wrong and insult ' against the king, and immense loss to Gerald the ' steward, his particular friend, in respect of his wife ' and children and his cattle, and the spoil and ' booty ; and I will also procure you faithful ac- ' complices, to wit, Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, the a ' 7 two sons and daughter Henri, B. I 7 B. C. I). chwaimeccaaf, B. 88 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. y gOr a ladaOd Owein y a vrodyr ; ag Uchtryt uab Etwin. Ac 1 wynteu gOedy credu yr edewidyon Lynny a gynullassant lu, ac a 2 aethant y gyt ac agyrch- assant y wlat. Ac Vchtryt a anuones kenadeu yr wlat y venegi yr 3 kiOta0twyr pOy bynnac agilyei attaO ef y kaffei amdiffyn. A rei agilyassant attaO ef ereill y ArOystli, ereill y Vaelenyd, ereill y Ystrat Tywi ar rami vOyaf 4 [ohonunt] y Dyfet ydaethant 5 yr lie yd oed Geralt yn vedyanus. A plian yttoed ef yn mynnu eu diua Oynt ef adamOeinaOd dyuot Gúallter b uchel- uaer Kaer LoyO y gOr aorchymynnassei y brenhin idaO llywodraetli 6 [Kaerloyw] ac amdiffyn Lloeger hyt ygkaer Vyrdin. Aphan gigleu ef hynny eu liamdiifyn aoruc ; a rei o nadunt a gilyaOd y Ar- Oystli, ac y kehyrdaGd gOyr Maelenyd ac Oynt ac y 7 lladassant ; ar rei 8 agilyaOd atfc Vchtryt adihagas- sant ; ar rei 9 agilyaOd y Ystrat Tywi Maredud uab Ryder ch ae haruolles yn hegar. KadOgaOn ac Owein a foassant y log aoed yn Aber Dyíi adathoed o Iwerdon ychydic kynno hynny a chyfnewit yndi. Ac yna y deuth MadaOc ae vraOt c yn erbyn r Vchtrut hyt yn 10 Ryt Cornnec/ ac yno pebyllyaù aorugant. Ac yny diwed y doeth Vchtrut attunt; a gOedy eu hymgynullaO ygyt kerdet hyt nos aorugant a diff- eithaO y gOladoed yny 11 vu dyd. Ac yna ydywaOt Vchtrut 12 [Orthunt], o reig bod y chOi nyt reit a 13 vraut, b ' 13 escob c/ 13 ac 1 vyntOy, Ji. 5 ynny, B. 2 daethant, B. " C. 8 giòdaót, B. 7 lladyssant, B. 1 B. c a gilyassant, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 89 ' man whose a brothers' were killed by Owain, and •^î^u*^/^' Uchtryd, son of Edwin/ And they, confiding in f those promises, collected an army, and proceeded together and entered the country ; and Uchtryd sent messengers about the country, to inform the inhabi- tants that whoever receded to him would find pro- tection. Some did recede to him; others to Arwystli ; ? 9 others to Maelienydd ; others to the Vale of Tywi ; and the greater number 4 of them' went to Dyved, where Gerald was in possession. And when he was intent upon destroying them, Gwalter, the Miigh constable' of Gloucester, the person to whom the king had committed the government 6 of Gloucester' and defence of England, happened to come to Caermarthen, who, hearing of that, protected them. Some of them with- drew to Arwystli, and were met by the men of Maelienydd, who killed them, and those who re- treated to Uchtryd escaped, and those who retreated to the Yale of Tywi were kindly received by Mar- edudd, son of Ehydderch. Cadwgan and Owain fled to a ship that was in Aberdovey, which a little ^ lAt^^^^ before had arrived with merchandize from Ireland. Arid then Madog and his brother came c to meet' Uchtryd at Rhyd Cornnec, and there they encamped ; and at length Uchtryd came to them ; and after they had collected themselves together, they pro- ceeded by night, and ravaged the countries until it was day. Then Uchtryd addressed them, saying, 1 If it be your will, that is not necessary ; since * 13 brother *>' 13 bishop C 13 an( j 9 a gilyóys, B. 10 kastell Ryt Cornouet, D. — Cornuec, B. Not in E. 11 vei, B. D. 12 B. 13 D. 90 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. hynny, kany dylyir tremygu KadOgaOn ac Owein, kanys gOyr da grymus ynt a deGron, a medylyaO llawer y maent, ac 1 agatuyd y mae porth ndunt hyt nas gOdam ni, ac Orth hynny ny weda yni dyuot yn deissyfyt am 2 eu pen namyn yn eglur dyd gyt ac 3 urdassaOc gyOeirdeb nifer. Ac or geireu hynny bop ychydic yd hedychOyt Oynt ual ygallei dynyon y wlat dianc. Athrannoeth ydaethant yr wlat, a gOedy y gOelet yn diffeith, ymgerydu ehunein awnaethant a dywedut llyma wenyeith Vchtrut ; a chuhudaò Uclitrut awnaethant a dywedut y neb ymgedym- deithockau ae ystryO ef. A gOedy gOibiaO pob lie yny wlat ny chaOssant dim namyn gre y GadOg- a6n ; a gOedy 4 cael 5 honno a ' llosgi y tei ar yscuboryeu ar ydeu awnaethant, ac ymchoelut aorugant y a eu pebylleu' drachefyn, a diua rei or dynyon a 6 ffoassynt y Lan Badarn, a gadel ereill heb eu diua. A phan yttoedynt nelly clybot awnaethant bot rei yn trigyaO yn nodna Dewi yn Llan Dewi Breui yn yr eglôys gyt ar b offeirat. Anuon awnaeth- ant yno c drycysprytolyon agkyweithas' a llygru a . Onaethant 7 [y vynnOent a] yr eglOys ae diíFeithaò o gObyl. d AgOedy hynny yn orwac hayach yd ym- choelassant eithyr cael anuolyanus anreith o gyfleoed 8 gastell Ryd Gors h 9 offeireit. c / io (J r y C y S pry dolyaeth gyOeithas, d/ ii a gwedy hynny ymchwelud aorugant wedy diffeithyaw ac anreithyaw y wlad oil eithyr kyfleoed yseint ehunein Dewi a Phadern. 1 atuyd, B. 2 y, B. 3 urdassaGl, B. 4 kaffel, B. 57 hónnO, B. 6 ffoessynt, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. ' Cadwgan and Owain ought not to be slighted; for ' they are good and powerful men, and brave withal, ( 1 and meditate much ; and perhaps they may have ' assistance of which we are ignorant ; and, therefore, ' it will not be prudent for us to come upon them c suddenly, but in open day, with dignified com- ' pleteness of numbers/ And by those words they gradually became pacified, so that the people of the country were enabled to escape. The following morn- ing they came into the country ; and seeing it laid waste, they blamed themselves, saying, ( Lo, the 1 flattery of Uchtryd Ÿ So they accused Uchtryd, and said, 'Who would have any participation in his ' cunning ? ' And when they had traversed every spot in the country, they found nothing except a stud belonging to Cadwgan ; and having found that, they burned the houses, barns, and corn, and returned back to a their tents/ and then they destroyed some of the people who had fled to Llanbadarn, and *a*A\ others they left without being destroyed. And whilst they were thus engaged, they heard that some men were staying in the sanctuary of Dewi, at Llanddewi /} 9 C. 10 X>. 94 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. aoedynt ynpressOylaO KeredigyaOn, kyn no hynny na gOr or wlat na gOr dieithyr vei/ A rodi aoruc y brenhin y GadOgaGn drwy yr ammot hynn yma ; hyt nabei na chedymdeithas na chyfeillach y rygtaO ac Owein y uab, ae na adei idaO dyuot yr wlat, ac na rodei idaò na chyghor na nerth. Ac odyna ydym- choelaOd rei or gwyr aathoed gyt ac Owein y Iwer- don, a llechu yn dirgeledic awnaethant heb Oneuthur dim argOywed. A gûedy hynny yd ymchoelaOd Owein, ac nyt y GeredigyaOn y doeth namyn y Bowys ; a cheissaO anuon kenadeu at y brenhin ^aOnaeth] 2 [ac ny lyuassaOd neb arOein y genadOri hyt at y brenhin]. YgkyfrOg hynny y bu annuundeb rOg MadaOc ar Ffreinc, o achaOs y lletradeu yd oed y Saesonn yn y wneuthur ar y tir, ac odyno yd oedynt yn gOneu- thwr camen yn erbyn y brenhin ac yn dyuot at Yadaúc. Ac yna yd anuones Bickert ystiwart at VadaOc y erchi 1 [idaO] a daly y gOyr awnathoed y kam b yn erbyn y' brenhin ; ac ynteu aùrthOynebaûd y hynny ac nys dalaOd. Ac yn gamúedaüc heb wybot beth awnaei, namyn keissaO kyveillach gan Owein uab KadOgaGn, a hynny a gavas ; a gòneuthur hedOch rOg a rei a oedynt yn elynyon kyn no hynny, ac ymaruoll vch benn creireu aúnaethant hyt na hedychei vn ar brenhin heb y gilyd, ac na vredychei vn o nadunt y gilyd. Ac yna y kerdynt y gyt py le bynnac y dyckei ytyghetuen Oynt ; a llosci tref neb un 6rda aorugant, a phy beth bynnac a ellynt y dOyn gantunt nac yn veirch nac yn wiscoed 6ynt ae ducsant na neb ryò dim arall or a gefíynt. a 3 talu THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 95 been heretofore dwelling in Ceredigion, whether a ////tS man of the country or a stranger/ And the king made the grant to Cadwgan, on condition that there should be neither communion nor friendship between him and his son Owain, and that he should not allow him to enter the country, and that he should not afford him advice nor assistance. From that time, some of the men, who had gone with Owain into Ireland, returned, and concealed themselves, without committing any injury. And after that, Owain also returned, not to Ceredigion, but to Powys ; and en- deavoured to send messages to the king, 2 and none dared to forward his business to the king/ Whilst that was passing, a discord arose between Madog and the French, on account of the robberies that the Saxons were committing upon the land ; and thence they were committing wrongs against the king, and coming to Madog. And then Rickart the steward sent to Madog, desiring him to a seize the men who had done the injury b against ' the king ; and he objected to it, and did not seize them. And thus criminal, he knew not what he could do, other than seek the friendship of Owain, son of Cadwgan ; and this he obtained ; and so peace was made between those who before were enemies. And they mutually pledged upon the relics that neither should be recon- ciled to the king without the other, and that neither of them would betray the other. Then they wandered together wherever their destiny might lead them ; and burned the hamlet of some gentleman^ and carried off whatsoever they could with them, whether horses or clothes, or anything else they could find. a 3 pay b 3 to 3 B. 96 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mcvil Y v]Gydyn rac Gyneb y koffaaGd Henri vrenhin garchar lorwoerth uab Bledyn, ac anuon kennat attaG y wybot beth arodei yr y ellOg oe garchar ; kanys blin yO bot yn hirgarchar. Ac ynteu aedewis m6y noc a allei 1 [y] dyuot idaO, adywedut 1 [aoruc efj y rodei pob dim or 1 [aallei ac] a archei y brenhin ; ac yn gyntaf 2 ynteu a ' erchis gOystlon 1 [y nap Ridit] o veibon goreugGyr y wlat; yr eilweith yd erchis a Ithel mab ' Ridit y vraGt a thrychant pnnt o aryant py fford bynnac y gallei dyuot udunt, nac o veirch, nac o ychen nac o neb ryG fford y gallei dyuot udunt. b Ac yna y rodet mab KadGgaOn uab Bledyn yr hGnn á anyssit or Ffranges yr hOn a elwit Henri ac y talOyt can more drostaO/ Ac yna y rodet y Glat idaw ef, a HaGer a dalaOd. Ac yna y 3 gellygGyt mab KadGgaOn. Ac ygkyfrGg y petheu hynny y gGnaeth Owein a MadaGc 4 ac eu ' kedymdeithon HaGer o drygeu yggGlat y Ffreinc ac yn Lloeger. A 5 pha beth bynnac a geffynt nac o ledrat nac o clreis, y dir lorwoerth y dygynt. Ac yno y pressGylynt. Ac yna anuon kenadGri a oruc lorwoerth attunt yn garedic a dywedut Grthynt ual hynn. DuG anrodes ni yn llaO 6 an gelynyon, ac an darestygaGd yn gymeint a/ 7 Yorwerth ac Ithel meibyon b/ 8 Ac o hýnný ŷ rodes ý brenhin ŷ vab Cadogon or Fraghes a dýwedpwýt vchot, Henri oed ỳ henw, cant more. 1 B. 2 yd, B. 3 gollygaOd ef, B. 4 ae, B, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 97 1107. The ensuing year king Henry remembered //// the imprisonment of Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, and sent a message to him to know what he would give for liberating him out of his prison, for it is wearisome to be long in prison. And he promised more than he could compass, saying that he would give every thing 1 that he could, and ' that the king might demand. And then he first demanded hostages from Uiis son Rhirid/ and from among the sons of the principal men of the country ; and, secondly, he de- manded a Ithel, son' of Rhirid, his brother, and three ífa^ hundred pounds of silver, in whatsoever way he might obtain it, whether in horses, or in oxen, or in any way he could procure it. b And then, the son of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, who had been born of the French woman, and whose name was Henry, was to be given up to him, and for him a hundred marks were paid/ And then his country was delivered up to him, for which he paid a great deal ; and then the son of Cadwgan was set at liberty. And whilst these /^//// <^**<- things were passing, Owain and Madog, with their companions, committed many crimes, in the country of the French, and in England ; and whatsoever they ~> 4 ' obtained, whether by robbery or by force, they con- veyed to the land of Iorwerth, and there they took up their abode. And then Iorwerth sent a kindly message to them, speaking to them thus, ' God has ' delivered us into the hands of our enemies, and. a/ 7 Iorwerth and Ithel, the sons b/ 8 And thereupon the king gave to the son of Cadwgan by the French woman above mentioned, whose name was Henry, a hundred marks. 5 phy, B. I 7 C. Not in D. 8 yn, B. I 8 D. G 98 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ac na allem gOneuthur dim or auei ewyllys gennyin. Gùahardedic yO ynni baOb or Brytanyeit hyt na chyffredino neb o honam ni a 1 chOchGi nac o vOyt nac o diaOt, nac o nerth, nac o ganhorthOy, namyn 2 aOch keissaO ach 3 hela ym pob lie, ach rodi yny diwed yn llaú y brenhin 4 oc aOch ' carcharu neu 4 oc aOch ' Had, neu 4 ych 5 dihenydyaO neu yr hynn a vynnei a chòi. Ac yn bennaf y gorchymynOyt imi a ChadógaOn nat ymgredem acliOi. Kanys ny digaOn neb tebygu na damunaO tat neu ewythyr da 6 y eu / meibon ae nyeint. Kanys od 7 ymgedymdeithGn ' ni a chOi, neu vynet baeacli yn erbyn gorchymynneu y brenhin, ni a gollOn 8 an kyfoeth, ac ankarcherir yny vom veirO neu anlledir. Ac Orth hynny mi aOch gOediaf megys a kyueillt, a mi aOch ' gorcliymynnaf megys b arglOyd, ac ach eirolaf megis c kar nad eloch ' ford ym kyuoeth i na ford y gy foeth KadOgaOn mOy noc y gyfoeth gOyr ereill yn kylch. Kanys mOy o 9 anuodedigaetheu a geissyr yn erbyn ni, noc yn erbyn ereill yn bot yn gylus. A thremygu hynny a Onaeth- ant a mOyvOy eu kyfoeth a vynychynt, 10 a breid y gochelynt kyndrycholder y gOyr ehunein. A Ior- woerth a geissaOd eu hymlit a chynnullaO llaòer o wyr aoruc 11 ac eu 12 hela. Ac 13 6ynteu ae gochelassant bob ychydic. Ac yn vn 14 dorof ygyt y kyrchassant a/ 15 kyueillon ac ach b 15 arglòydi, c/ 15 kereint nath trossOch 1 ch6i, B. 2 y ych, B. 3 hely, B. *' y 6ch, B. 5 diuetha, B. " yO, B. T/ ymgyffredinOn dim, B, «yn, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 99 ' brought us down so much, that we could accomplish 1 nothing of what might be our wish ; it is inter- 1 dieted to all of us Britons, to hold any intercourse 1 with you, in respect of victuals, or drink, or aid, or 1 support ; but we must search and hunt for you in • every place, and ultimately deliver you into the ' hands of the king, to imprison you, or to kill you, i or to execute you, or to do unto you whatever he ' would wish. And specially has it been commanded ' me and Cadwgan, that we should have no fellowship ' with you ; for no one can suppose but that a father, ' or an uncle, must desire the welfare of his sons and ' his nephews. Therefore, if we have communication £ with you, or in the least go contrary to the com- ' mand of the king, we shall lose our territory, and 1 shall be imprisoned so that we die, or we shall ' be killed. Wherefore, I pray you, as a a friend, 6 and' command you, as kyour lord/ and intercede * with you, as c a relative, that you go not into f my ' territory, nor into the territory of Cadwgan any ' more, nor into the territory of other men about us ; ' because more causes of displeasure will be sought for ' against us, as being blameable, than against others/ This they treated with contempt, and frequented their territories the more ; and scarcely would they avoid even the presence of their men. And lorwerth took measures to pursue them, and collected many men, and hunted after them ; and the others step by step avoided them, and in one combined body they pro- friends, and b/ 15 lords, relatives that ye pass not over 9 annogedigaethu, B. 10 ac a, B. 11 y, B. 13 hely, B, 13 óynt, B. 14 Coryf, B. 15 B, G 2 100 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. gyfoeth Vclitrut 1 [ap Edwin] hyt ym Meiryonyd. A phan gigleu veibon Vchtrut hyuny ae teulu ; 2 rei a ellygassant/ Ychtrut y amdiffyn y tir, anuon a orugant y Yeiryonyd y beri y baòp dyuot attunt y Orthlad y gOyr oc eu tir. Kanys yn gyntaf y dathoedynt y GyfeilaOc yny lie ydoed meibon Ychtrut. Ac ny allyssant 3 eu gùrthlad. Ac yna yd ymgynnullaGd gOyr Meiryonyd heb ohir ac y deuthant at veibon Ychtrut. Ac ual yd oed Owein a MadaOc yn 4 y lletyeu / YgkyfeilaGc, trannoeth y boreu aruaethu aorugant mynet y Yeironnyd y 5 letyaO heb wneuthur dim dróc amgen. Ac ual ydoedynt yn dOyn eu hynt, nachaf wyr Meiryonnyd ygkyfrOg mynyded ac 6 ynyal- Och yn ' dOyn y by din gy weir yn kyfaruot 7 [ac Oynt], ac yn 8 eu ruthraO, ac yn dodi gaOr arnunt. Ac 0 Oynteu heb 10 dybyaO dim Orthynt ar y kyrch kyntaf y ffoassant ; ac y deuth Owein. a A phan gOelas gOyr Meiryonnyd ef yn kyrchu yn OraOl ac yn baraOt y ymlad, iFo yn deissyfeit aorugant. Ac 9 Oynteu ac hymlidyassant 7 [Oynt] hyt eu gGlat, a diffeithaG y wlat aorugant, a llosgi y tei ar ydeu allad yr yscrybyl kymeint ac a gaOssant heb dOyn dim gantunt/ A gOedy hynny ydaeth Madavc y Bowy.s. a/ 11 Agwedŷ gwelet o Oweýn a Madoc ÿ gwýr ýn ýmlad mor wrawl ac wỳnt, kýmrýt ev hỳnt ar fo a orugant, ac ev hÿmlit aoruc ỳ gwỳr ereill hýt ev kyvanhedev ac ŷna llosgi ÿ tei ar ydev a Had ŷr ỳsgrýbýl ýn Uwýr. 1 E. 2/ yrei aollygassei, B. *y>B. v llettyu, B. 5 lettyr, B. 6/ ynn anyallOch, ynn, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 101 ceeded towards the territory of Uchtryd, 1 son of Edwin/ in Meirionydd. And when that became known to the sons of Uchtryd and their tribe, who were left by Uchtryd to defend their land, they sent to Meiri- onydd, ordering every body to join them to expel the men out of their land. For they had first come into Cyveiliog, where the sons of Uchtryd were sta- tioned, who were not able to expel them ; and there- upon the men of Meirionydd assembled without delay, and came to aid the sons of Uchtryd. And, as Owain and Madog were at their lodgings in Cyveiliog, they, early on the following day, purposed going into Meirionydd to take their quarters, without doing any mischief. And as they were pursuing their jour- ney, behold the men of Meirionydd were, among the mountains and fastnesses, in well ordered array, com- ing to meet them, rushing upon them, and setting /Oa / up a shout. And the others not suspecting any thing about them, fled on the first onset ; and then Owain advanced. a When the men of Meirionydd saw him coming bravely forward, and prepared to fight, they suddenly took to flight, and the others pursued them into their country ; and they ravaged the country, and burned the houses and the corn, and killed all the cattle they could find, without taking any thing away with them/ After that Madog went into Powys ; a/ 11 And when Owain and Madog saw the men fighting so bravely with them, they took to flight, and the other men pursued them as far as their abodes, where they burned the houses and crops, and killed all the cattle. 7 B. »y, B. 9 6y, B. 10 tybygu, B. 11 D E. 102 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Ac Owein a ymclioelaGcl ef ae wyr y GeredigyaOn y lie yd oecl y dat yn gOledycbu ac yn pressOylaO ; a tbrigyaù aoruc ef ae gedynideitlion yny lie y mynnaOd, acboffau dynodyat y dat kynno bynny yr kyfoeth. Kanys y 1 gedymdeith oedynt / y Dyfet 2 y yspeilaO y wlat 3 ac y dala ' y dynyon, ac eudOyn ynrOym hyt y llogeu adatboed gan Owein o Iwerdon. Ac a yna ydoedynt' yn trigyaO yn teruynen y wlat. Ac eilweith yd aethant y galO ynvydyon 4 a chwanegi'' eu rif, a cbyrcbu dros nos y b wlat ae llosgi, allad paOb or a gaOssant yndi, ac j^speilaO ereiil, a dOyn ereill gantunt ygkarcbar, ac eu gOertbu y eu dynyon neu eu banuon yn rOym yr llogeu. A göedy llosgi y tei a Had kymeint ac agaOssant or annifeileit, a chymeint ac a gaOssant a 5 dugant gantunt, ac a ymclioelassant íFord y KeredigyaOn Orth letyaO a tbrigyaO a mynet a dyuot, keb edrycli dim o acliOysson KadOgaOn nac o wahard y brenhin. A rei o nadunt dreilgOeith a oedynt yn kadO iForcl yd oed 6 henafg6r or Flernhissieit yn dyuot idi, aelwit Wiliam o 7 Vre- ban, ae gyferbynieit a Onaethant ae lad. ^.c yna mynet o GadOgaOn gyt a Iorwoertli y lys y brenliin y vynnu kael ymdidan ac ef. Ac ual 8 y buant ' yna nacliaf braOt yr gòr a 9 ladyssit yny lie yn menegi yr brenbin ry lad o Owein ae gedymeitbon y vraOt. Pan gigleu y brenbin bynny gofyn a oruc y GadOg- 10 etOa y mae & 11 dref o Dyued 1; getymdeithon aethant, B. 2 ac, B. 3/ a dalv, B. v y chòanecau, B. 5 ducsant, B. 6 hennefgóyr, B. esgob, C. pri- mas, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 103 and Owain with his own men returned to Ceredigion, where his father was reigning and dwelling; and he and his companions remained where he thought proper, calling to mind the coming of his father into the terri- tory before ; for his companions had gone into Dyved, to pillage the country and seize the people, and take them bound to the ships that had come with Owain from Ireland, And a then they were' dwelling about the borders of the country. And they went a second time to invite simpletons to augment their number, and entered b the country ' by nighty and burned it, and killed every body they found therein, and pillaged others, and took others with them as prisoners, and sold them to their people, or sent them bound to their ships. After burning the houses, and killing as many as they found of the cattle, and taking all they could bring with them, they returned to Ceredigion to lodge and abide, going and coming without at all minding the affairs of Cadwgan, or the interdiction of the king. And some of them, on a time, were watch- ing the road along which an old man of the Flem- ings, called William of 7 Brabant, was travelling, and they intercepted and killed him. And then, Cadwgan and Iorwerth repaired to the court of the king, to obtain some conversation with him ; and while they were there, behold the brother of the person that had been killed was present, informing the king how Owain and his companions had slain his brother. When the king heard that, he questioned Cadwgan, a ' 10 they are still b ' 11 a town of Dyved 7 Brabawd, C. Vrebam, B. v bydant, B. 9 ledissit, B. 10 B. 11 C. D. E. 104 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. aOn beth a dywedy am hynny. 1 Ms gOnn i' arglòyd heb y KadOgaOn. Yna ydyOaOt y brenhin kany elly di kadO dygyfoeth rac kedymdeithon dy vab liyt naladon vyggOyr eilweith mi a rodaf dy gyfoeth yr neb ae kattOo, a thitheu a drigy y gyt a mi drOy yr amot hOnn yma na sethrych di dy briaOt wlat, a mi ath borthaf di om hymborth i yn y gymerûyf gyglior 2 am danat. A rodi aoruc y brenhin pedeir ar hugein idaO peunyd ygkyfeir y dreul. Ac 3 yna y trigyaOd heb dodi 4 gefyn arnaG, namyn yn ryd y ford y mynnei eithyr ywlat e hun. A gOedy clybot o Owein yspeilaO y dat oe gyfoeth, kyrchu Iwerdon aoruc ef a MadaOc nab Ridit. A gûedy hynny anuon aoruc y brenhin at Gilbert uab Rickert yr hOnn a oed deOr molyannus 5 galluus, a chyfeillt yr brenhin, agOr arderchaOc oed yny holl weithredoed 6 [y] erchi idaO dyuot attaO, ac ynteu y deuth. Ar brenhin a dywaOt OrthaO, yd oedut yn wastat yn keissaO ran o tir y Brytanyeit y genyf, mi arodaf itt 7 yr aOr honn ' tir KadOgaOn 8 [vab Bledyn] dos a goreskyn ef. Ac yna y kymerth yn llaOen ygan y brenhin. Ac yna gan gynullaO llu gyt ae 9 gedymdeithon y deuth hyt yg KeredigyaOn ac y gorescynnaOd. Ac yd ad- eilaOd deu gastell yndi, nyt amgen vn gyferbyn a Llan Badarn ynymyl aber yr auon aelwir YstOyth, 10 ar Hall geir ' llaO Aber Teifi, yny lie aelwir Din- gereint, y lie 6 [y] grOndwalassei Roger iarll kyn no hynny gastell. A gOedy 11 ychydic o amser yd ymchoelaOd MadaOc ab Ridit o Iwerdon heb allel godef andynolyon voesseu y GOydyl. Ac Owein a v ny 6n, B. 2 ym, B. 3 yno, B. 4 gefyneu, B. 5 galluaOr, B. e B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 105 1 What sayest thou concerning that V 'I know not, ' my lord/ replied Cadwgan. Then said the king, 1 Since thou canst not protect thy territory against the 4 companions of thy son, to prevent them from killing c my men a second time, I shall give thy territory to • such as will protect it, and thou shalt remain with ' me under this condition, that thou tread not thy 4 native soil ; and I will support thee from my table, 4 until I take counsel concerning thee/ And the king allowed him daily twenty-four pence towards his ex- penditure ; and there he continued, without being put in fetters, having his liberty to go where he pleased, except to his own country. And when Owain heard how his father had been deprived of his territory, he, Léf & Llywarch's accomplices, made a night attack upon j atA . U?>^/\ ^ Iorwerth. They set up a shout about the house, /^u^U+*,~Á '-- where Iorwerth resided ; and Iorwerth awoke by the shout, and 5 bravely 7 defended the house, aided by his companions. Then Madog set fire to the house about Iorwerth ; and when the companions of Ior- werth saw that, they sallied out through the fire, 1 and left Iorwerth in the fire/ And he, seeing the house falling, attempted to get out, and his enemies received him on the points of their spears, 11 cousin 7 gyfuleóni, B. 8/ Ynkeredigion, E. 9 getymeithou, B. 10 gOayòar, B. 11 D. 108 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. yn atlosgedic y lad. A plian gigleu Henri vrenhin ry lad Iorwoerth rodi Powys a wnaeth y GadOgaOn uab Bledyn. A hedychu ac Owein y vab. Ac erchi y GadOgaOn anuon kenadeu yn ol Owein hyt yn Iwer- don. A gOedy gOybot a VadaGc ar rei aladyssynt Iorwoerth gyt ac ef rywneuthur agkyfreith o nadunt yn erbyn y brenliin Uechu y myOn coedyd aorugant, ac aruaethu gOneuthur brat KadOgaOn. A ChadOgaOn lieb uynnu argOedu y neb megys ydoed uoes gantaO adoetli hyt yn TrallOg Llywelyn arvedyr trigyaO yno aphresOylaO lie yd oed hyrrOyd ac agos 1 [heuyt] y YadaOc. Ac yna anuon yspiwyr aoruc MadaOc y Oybot py le y bei GadOgaOn. Ar rei lrynny a doetliant drachefyn ac a dy wedassant y neb yd 2 oedynt yny geissaO, ym pell y mae hOnnO ac yn agos. Ac ynteu ae wyr yny lie a gyrchaOd KadOgaOn. A ChadOgaOn heb tybyaO dim drOc a ymOnaeth yn llesc heb vynny ffo, a heb allel ymlad, wedy íFo y wyr oil ae gael ynteu yn unic ae lad. A gwedy Had KadOgaOn anuon kenadeu a 3 wnaeth MadaOc at 4 Eickert escob Llun- dein y gOr a oed yn kynhal lie y brenhin ac yn y lywyaO yn AmOythic y erchi 1 [talu] iclaO ef y tir y gOnathoedit y kyflafaneu hynny ymdanaO. A gOedy 5 rac vedylyaO' or escob yn gynnil y achOysson ef heb rodi messur ar hynny y oedi aoruc, ac nyt yr y garyat 6 ef, namyn adnabot o honaO deuodeu gOyr y wlat 1 [y] mae Had aOnaei bop un o 7 nadunt y gilyd. Ac gyfran a vuassei 8 idaO ef ac y Ithel y OraOt kyn no hynny a rodei idaO. A phan gigleu Varedud uab Bledyn hynny, kyrchu y brenhin aoruc y erchi idaO 1 B. I 3 oruc, B. 2 oidem ni, B. Í 4 Richart, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 109 greatly burnt, and killed him. And when king Henry / ' , . heard that Iorwerth had been slain, he gave Powys to Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, and was reconciled to Owain his son, and requested Cadwgan to send mes- sengers after Owain to Ireland. Madog, and those who had joined him in killing Iorwerth, understand- ing that they had committed a breach of law against the king, lurked in the woods, intending to plot against Cadwgan. And Cadwgan, without intending to injure any one, as was his disposition, came to Trallwng Llywelyn, with the design of staying there, and dwelling where it was convenient, and near 1 also to Madog. Thereupon Madog sent spies to learn where Cadwgan might be found ; and they returned and said, that the person they were in search of was far and near. And he, with his men, immediately came upon Cadwgan ; and Cadwgan, not imagining any mischief, conducted himself weakly, and would not flee, and without being able to fight, all his men having fled, he being found alone was put to death. /^? • ( , After Cadwgan had been slain, Madog sent messen- gers to Eickert, bishop of London, the man who sup- plied the king's place, and was governing at Shrews- bury, to request that the land should be paid to him for which the crimes had been committed. And when the bishop had maturely considered the matter, he, without making a determination, delayed answering, not out of any love to him, but knowing the man- ners of the people of the country, that they would all be killing one another. But the portion that had been possessed by him and Ithel his brother before was given to him. When Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, became acquainted with this, he went to the king, to 57 gOelet, B. 6 arnaO. I 7 honunt, B. 8 eidaO, B. 110 EEUT Y TYWYSOGION. tir Iorwoerfch uab Bleclyn y vraOt, ar brenhin arodes kadOryaeth y tir idaO, yny delei Owein uab KadGgaOn yr wlat. YgkyfrGg hynny y deuth Owein ac yd aetli at y brenhin. A chymryt y tir 1 [y] gantaO trOy rodi gOystlon, ac adaO llaOer o aryant. A MadaOc 2 [vab Ririt] aedewis llawer o aryant a gOystlon ac amodeu o*er bronn y brenhin. A gûedy kymryt nodyeu ym- oglyt aoruc pob vn rac y gilyd yny vlOydyn honno hyt y diwedc mcix. Yny vlOydyn rac Gyneb 2 [pan oed oet Crist MO, a nav mlyned] 'y delit Robert iarll uab 3 Roser o Vedlehem' y gan Henri vrenhin, ac y carcliarOyt. Ac yryvelaOd y uab yn erbyn y brenhin 1 [am yr achos hOnnO]. MCX. Deg mlyned a chant a mil oed oet Crist pan anvones Maredud uab Bledyn y teulu y neb un gyn- hGryf y tir Llywarch uab Trahaearn y dOyn kyrch. Yna y damweinaGd val yd oedynt yn dOyn hynt drOy gyfoeth 4 [MadaOc] uab Ridit, nachaf Or yn kyuaruot ac Oynt a 5 dala hOnnO aorugant a gofyn idaO py le yd oed YadaOc uab Ridit y nos honno yn trigyaO. A gOadu yn gyntaf aOnaeth y gOr hyt nas gOydat ef. Ac odyna gOedy y gystudyaO ae gymell adef aoruc y vot ynagos 2 [attadunt]. A gOedy rOymaO 1 [y gOr] hOnnO 6 yspiwyr a aroyssant' yno a a llechu aOnaethant yny oed oleu 1 [y] dyd drannoeth/ AgOedy dyfot y bore o deissyfyt gOnnOryf y 7 dugant kyrch idaO j a dala r a orugant 1 [idav] a Had llaOer oe wyr ; ae dOyn 8 ac ynteu yn llechu yn agos yny vei dyd. 2 Z>. 3/ Eoger de Belem, D. 4 B. Maredud, A. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. Ill request that he would give him the land of his bro- /// / z~ ther Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn ; and the king granted him custody of the land, until Owain^on of Cad- wgan, should return to the country. In that interval Owain came, and repaired to the king, and received the land from him, by giving pledges and promising much money ; and Madog, 2 son of Rhirid/ also pro- mised much money and pledges, with conditions, in the presence of the king. And after taking securities, each of them avoided the other, unto the end of that year. 1109. The ensuing year, 2 when the year of Christ ///J£ was a thousand one hundred and nine/ earl Robert, /ji^&X^ son 0 f R 0 ger of Bethlehem, was seized by king Henry, and imprisoned ; and his son made war against the 1110. One thousand one hundred and ten was the // ( /3 4« Uf> ç year of Christ, when Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, sent his family on some enterprise to the land of Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, to make an incursion. Then it ^//C lo happened, as they were taking their course through the territory of Madog, son of Rhirid, behold a man meeting them, whom they seized, and they questioned him where Madog, son of Rhirid, was abiding that night ; and the man at first denied that he knew ; and then, after torturing and urging him, he acknow- ledged that he was near 2 them. After binding the man, they sent spies to the place, a and lurked till it was light the following morning/ And when the morning was come, by a sudden enterprise they made an attack upon him, caught him, killed many of his a ' 8 he lurking near until it was day. 5 daly, B. v kyrchassant ef, ae daly, B. G ' anuon yspiOr a Onaethartt, B, I 8 C. 4 112 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ygkarchar at Uaredud, ae gymryt yn llaOen aoruc ae gad.6 y myOn gefyneu. Yna y deuth Owein ab KadOg- aOn yr hOn nyt yttoed gartref 1 [yna]. A phan gigleu Owein liynny ar vrys y deuth ; ac y rodes Maredud ef yny laO, ae gymryt 2 a oruc' yn llaGen a ae dallu/ A rannn rygtunt aOnaethant y rami ef o Powys, sef oed liynny KereinaOn a thraean DeudOr ac Aber RiO. mcxi. Y vlGydyn rac 6} r neb 3 [pan oed oet Crist MCXI.] y kyffroes Henri vrenhin 4 llu yn erbyn GOyned, ac yn bennaf 5 y Powys. Agòedy barnu ar Owein gOneuthur G agkyfreith, y guhudaû aoruc Gilbert nab Rickert Orth y brenhin, a dywednt bod gOyr Owein yn gOneuthur lledrateu ar y wyr ef ae tir. Ar 7 drygeu aOnelei ereill a dywedit ar 8 6yr Owein/ A chredu aoruc y brenbin bot pob petb or a 9 dyOaGt y kyhudOr ynwir. YgkyfrOg liynny kyhndaO a 10 wnaeth mab 11 Hu iarll Kaer Llion Gruffud uab Kynan, a GronO uab Owein. Ac aruaethu o gyttundeb mynnu dileu yr lioll Yrytanyeit o gObyl hyt na 12 cheffynt YrytanaOl enû yn dragyOydaOl. Ac Orth liynny y kynullaOd Henri vrenhin llu or boll ynys b o Penryn PengOaed yn 13 [Cýrnỳw] liyt ym Penryn Blataon yn y Gogled' yn erbyn Gúyned a Phowys. A phan gig- leu Yaredud uab Bledyn liynny mynet awnaeth y a' 14 ac aberýs ý dallu b/ì4 or van eithiaf o Gyrnýw He gelwir Pengwaỳd, hỳt ý vann eithiaf o Brỳdýn lie gelwir Penblathaon. 1 B. v orugant, B. 9 D. * luyd, B. 5 ym, B. 6 agkyureitheu, B. 7 petheu, B. 87 yOyr ef, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 113 men, and brought him prisoner to Maredudd, who re- ceived him gladly, and kept him in fetters. Then Owain, son of Cadwgan, who was not at home, re- turned; and when Owain became acquainted with the affair, he came in haste, and Maredudd delivered him into his hand; and he took him with pleasure, a and blinded him/ And they divided between them his share of Powys, which was Caereinion, and the third of Deuddwr and Aberrhiw. ] 1111. The ensuing year, 3 when the year of Christ ft f ( *f »" was a thousand one hundred and eleven/ king Henry C*-n*d>.. Ma^x . led an army against Gwynedd, and principally to ^^>^ Powys. After Owain had been condemned of a breach of law, Gilbert, son of Rickert, accused him before the king, saying that the men of Owain were com- mitting robberies upon his people and his land ; and the crimes committed by others were charged to the men of Owain. And the king believed that every thing spoken by the accuser was true. Meanwhile, '+sìA * ne son of Hugh, earl of Caerleon, accused Gr^udd, ^^ys&^ son of Cynan, and Goronwy, son of Owain, and pur- posed by a combination to exterminate all the Britons entirely, so that they should never more bear the British name. Accordingly, king Henry collected an army out of the whole island, b from the promontory of Pengwaed in Cornwall to the promontory of Blathaon in the North/ . against Gwynedd and Powys. And when Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, became ac- 9/14 caused him to be blinded. b/i4 f rom the extreme point of Cornwall, a place called Pengwaed, to the extreme point of Prydyn, a place called Penblathaon. 12 chaffelt, B. 13 D. Iwerdon, A. 14 D. H 9 dyOat, B. 10 oruc, B. 11 Hywel, E. 114 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. geissaO kyfeillach y gan y brenhin. AgOedy adnabot hynny o Owein kynullaO y holl wyr ae lioll da a 1 Gnaeth, a mudaO hyt ymynyded Eryri ; kanys kadarnaf lie a diogelaf y gael amdiffyn yndaO rac y llu oed hOnnG. YgkyfrOg hynny 2 yd anuones' y bren- hin tri llu. Un gyt a Gilbert tywyssaOc o GernyG, a Brytanyeit y Deheu, a Freinc a Saeson o Dyfet ar Deheu oil. Ar llu arall or Gogled ar Alban a deu tywyssaOc arnunt, nyt amgen 3 [noc] Alexander vab y Moel COlOm, a mab Hu iarll Kaer Llion. Ar trydycl gyt ac ef ehun. Ac 4 yno y deuth y brenhin ae deulu y gyt ac ef, hyt y lie aelwir Mur Gastell. Ac Alexander ar iarll aaethant y 5 Pennaeth BachOy. YgkyfrOg hynny ydanuones Owein genadeu at Ruf- fud a ac Owein y vab' y erchi udunt gOneuthur 3 [yn] kadarn hedOch y rygtunt yn erbyn y gelynyon yrei yd oedynt yn aruaeth y dileu yn gObyl neu 6 y gOarchae yn y mor hyt nat enwit BrytanaOl enO yn dragywydaOl. Ac ymaruoll ygkyt awnaethant hyt na Gnelei un heb y gilyd na thagnefed na chyfundeb ae gelynyon. GOedy hynny ydanuones Alexander uab y Moel COlOm ar iarll 3 [y] gyt ac ef genadeu at Rufud, uab Kynan y erchi idaO dyuot y hedOch y brenhin ; ac adaO llawer idaO ae dOyllaO y gyttuunaO ac Oynt. Ar brenhin a anuones kenadeu at Owein y erchi idaO dyuot y hedOch ac adaO y gOyr ny 7 aller gafFel na phorth na nerth y gantunt. Ac ny chyt- a ' 8 ar Oronw vab Ywein 9 ueibon J oruc, B. v ansodes, B. a B. 4 yna, B 5 Pennant, CD. If. Í THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 115 quainted with that, he went to seek the friendship ///^ of the king. This having been made known to Owain, he collected together all his people, and all his property, and removed into the mountains of Eryri, for that was the strongest and safest place to make a defence against an army. In that interval the king sent out three armies ; one under Gilbert, a prince of Cornwall, with the Britons of the South, and the French and English out of Dyved and all the South ; and the other army was from the North |P ^L^jC an d Alban, with two princes over them, to wit, Alexander, the son of Malcolm, and the son of Hugh, óCo Ú^i earl oF Caeríeon ; and the third with himself Then the kingpwTth his retinue, came to the place called Mur Castell ; and Alexander and the earl proceeded to 5 Pennaeth Bachwy. In that interval Owain sent messengers to Gruffudd a and his son Owain/ request- ing of them to make a firm peace among themselves, against their enemies, who intended utterly to destroy them, or to hem them in by the sea, so that the British name should never more be uttered. They accordingly entered into a mutual agreement that no one should make any reconciliation or union with their enemies without the other. After that Alexander, son of Malcolm, in conjunction with the earl, sent messengers to Gruffudd, son of Cynan, to request him to make peace with the king, promising him a great deal ; and cajoled him to enter into terms with them. The king also sent messengers to Owain, requiring him to make peace, and to quit the men from whom neither aid nor strength could be obtained; but 8/8 and to Goronwy, son of Owain, 9 his sons, 6 eu, B. 7 alle i, B. 8 a °B. H 2 / 116 BRUT T TYWYSOGIOX. synyaôd Owein a hynny. Ac yny lie nachaf an yn dyvot attaO, ac yn dywednt OrtkaG byd ovalus ag(>na yn gall yr hyn aftnelyeh Llynia Rufud ■ ac OOein y nab ' gOedy kymryt hedOcli gan nab y Moel COlom ar iarll gúedy rodì idaù o nadunt kael y tic yn ryd heb na tbreth na chyllit na chastell yndaO hyt tra vei vyO y brenliin. Ac ettwa ny chytsynyaOd Owein a hynny. Ar eilweith yd 1 aruaetlióys y brenliin annon kenaden at Owein, a chyt ac Gynt Maredud nab Bledyn y b ewythyr yr liOnn pan welas Owein a dywaOt wrthafi edrych na hOp-heych dynot at y brenhin rac raculaenn o ereill kael kedyindeitkas y brenhin ; ac ynteu agredaúd hynny a dyfot a Onaeth at y brenhin. Ar brenhin ae harnolles yn llaOen drOy uaOr garyat ac enryded 2 [ef ae In]. Ae yna y dywaOt y brenhin Orfch Owein 3 kan denthost ti attaf i oth vod a 3 chan credeist c vygkenaden' minhen ath vaOrhaaf di ac ath dyrchavaf yn uchaf ac yn pennaf otli genedel di. A mi a dalaf it yn gynieint ac y kyghorvynho paOb oth genedyl Orthyt. A mi- a rodaf it dy holl tir yn ryd A phan giglen • Grufud hynny ~ [hedychn o Ywein ar brenhin] annon kenaden aornc at y brenhin y geissaO heduch y gantaó. Ar brenhin ae kymerth ef y hedòch drúy daln o honaO dreth naûr idaO. Ac ymchoelut aornc y brenhin y Loegyr, ac erchi y Owein dynot y gyt ac ef a dy- *' 4 a Goronw vab Ywein bS gevvnderw c ' G kennadori vyg kennadi i 5 geiriev vygken- nadev ii 1 aruaethaGd, B. 3 kanys, B. 4 a ' THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 117 Owain did not consent to that. And at the instant ///^ behold, there comes to him one, who says, ' Be careful, ' and what thou doest, do it discreetly. Here Gruf- 1 fudd a and his son' have accepted terms of peace • from the son of Malcolm and the earl, they hav- ' ing granted him his land free, without either tri- ' bute, or duty, or erection of a castle in it, so long c as the king may live/ And yet Owain did not consent to it. And the second time did the king resolve to send messengers to Owain, and with them his b uncle Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, who, when he saw Owain, said unto him, ' See that thou delay not ' coming to the king, lest others should be first ' to obtain the favour of the king/ He then be- lieved that, and so came to the king. And the king received him gladly, with, great courtesy and honour, 2 him and his retinue/ Then the king said to Owain, ( Since thou hast willingly come to me, and since 6 thou hast believed c my messengers/ I will dignify í thee, and exalt thee to be the highest and the ' chiefest of thy nation ; and I will pay thee so / 1 much that every one of thy nation shall envy ' thee ; and I will give thee all thy land free/ When Gruffudd became acquainted with the circumstance 2 that Owain had made his peace with the king/ he sent messengers to the king, to seek peace from him ; and the king received him into terms of peace, upon payment of a large tribute. Then the king returned to England, requiring Owain to come with him, say- a /4 and Goronwy, son of Owain 1)5 cousin <*' 6 the message of my messengers, 5 the words of my messengers, D. B. 118 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. wedut 1 [idaw] y talei idaO a vei gyfyaOn, a dywedut wrthaO hynn a dyOedaf yt. Mi a af y Normandi ac 0 deuy di y gyt a mi, mi a 2 gy weiraf itt bob peth or a edeweis it, a mi ath wnaf yn narchaOc nrdaOl. A chanlyn y brenhin aOnaeth dròy y mor. Ar bren- hin a gy wiraOd idaO pob peth or a edewis idaO. mcxii. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb yd ymchoelaOd y bren- hin o Normandi, ac Owein nab KadOgaOn 1 [y] gyt ac ef. Ác y bu var6 3 IeiFrei escob MynyO, ac yny 01 ynteu y denth gùr o Normandi yr hOnn aelwit Bernart yr hOnn a dyrchafOyt yn escob ym MynyO y gan Henri vrenhin o annod holl ysolheigon y Bryt- anyeit gan en tremygn. YghyfrOg hynny y denth Grnfud nab Rys TeOdOr brenhin Dehenbarth o Iwer- ' don 1 [y Dyfet] yr hOnn aathoed yny vabaOl oetran y gyt a rei oe gereint hyt yn Iwerdon. Ac yna y trigyaOd yny bn Or aeduet. Ac yny diwed gOedy diffygyaO o tra hir alltnded yd ymchoelaOd y dref y dat. A hOnnú a drigyaOd amgylch dOy vlyned gOeithen y gyt a Geralt, a ystiwart Castell' Pennro y daO gan y chOaer ; a honno oed Nest uerch Rys nab TeOdOr gOreic 1 [y dyOededic] Geralt Ystiwart 1 [megys y racdyOetpOyt nchot] : gOeithen ereill gyt ae gereint ; gOeithen yg h GOyned ; gOeithen yn absen o le y le. Yny diwed y cnhndOyt Orth y brenhin. A dyOednt bot medOl paOb or Brytanyeit gyt ac ef, drOy 4 y rynygn' o vrenhinaOl vedyant Henri vrenhin. A phan giglen Grnffnd y chwedlen hynny arnaethn awnaeth ar vynet at RnfYud nab Kynan y geissaO amdiffyn a / s arglwýd b/ 6 gOyd 1 B. 2 gywiraf, B. 3 Geffrei, D. 4/ ebryuygu, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 119 ing that he would pay him what might be just, and ///fy saying to him, £ This I tell thee, I am going to \ Normandy, and if thou wilt accompany me, I will ' fulfil every thing I have promised thee ; and I will 1 make thee an honourable knight/ He accordingly accompanied the king over the sea ; and the king fulfilled every thing he had promised him. 1112. The ensuing year the king returned from jt, //AT" Normandy, and Owain, son of CadwganJ along^wîth him. Then died J effrey, bishop of Menevia ; and after him came a man from Normandy, called Ber- / nard, who was advanced to be bishop of Menevia / by king Henry, against the will and in contempt of ) all the scholars of the Britons. In that interval Gruffudd, son of Rhys, son of Tewdwr, king of South Wales, came from Ireland 1 to Dyved/ who, in his youth, had gone with some of his kindred to Ireland, where he remained until he arrived at maturity ; and in the end, wearied with long estrangement, he re- turned to his patrimony. And he passed about two years, sometimes with Gerald, a steward of Pembroke Castle/ his brother in law, who had married his sister, Nest, the daughter of Rhys, son of Tewdwr, wife to 1 the said 7 Gerald, the steward, 1 as before mentioned;' at other times with his kindred ; sometimes h in Gwynedd ; ' sometimes absent from place to place. At length he was accused to the king, and it was represented that the minds of all the Britons were with him, in contempt of the royal title of king Henry. And when Gruffudd heard of those reports he determined on going to Gruffudd, son of Cynan, to a' 5 lord of Pembroke, b ' 6 present 5 D. 1 6 JB. 120 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. y lioedel. A gOedy anuon kenadeu ef aedewis 1 o deuei attaO y aruolli' yn llaOen 2 [iaOn]. A gOedy clybot o Rufud uab Rys hynny 3 ef a HoOel y vraOt aaethant' attaO ; yr Howel hònnO a vuassei ygkarchar ErnOlf uab Roser iarll 4 Castell Baldwin 7 yr hOnn y rodassei 5 Wilim vrenhin idaO kyfran o gyfoeth Rys uab TewdOr. Ac yny diòed y diagassei yr Howel hOnnO yn annafus gûedy trychu y aelodeu or carchar. Ac yna ydaruollet 6 Oynt ac ereill gyt ac Oynt yn hegar y gan Rufud uab Kynan. Ac yg- hyfrOg hynny gOedy clybot or brenhin mynet Grufud ab Rys at Ruffud ab Kynan anuon kenadeu a wnaeth at Ruffud uab Kynan y erchi idaO dyuot attaO. Ac ufud vu Ruffud y vynet 7 at y brenhin.' Ac niegys y mae moes y Ffreinc twyllaO danyon trOy edewidyon adaö llaOer a 8 wnaeth Henri vrenhin idaO o chymerei arnaO 9 dala Grufud uab Rys ae anuon yn vyO attaO ef, ac ony allei y 9 dala y lad ac anuon y benn idaO. Ac ynteu dr6y adaO hynny aymchoelaOd y wlat. Ac yny lie gofyn a 10 wnaeth py' le ydoed Rufud uab Rys yn trigyaO. A menegi aOnaethpOyt y Ruffud uab Rys dyuot Grufud uab Kynan o lys y brenhin ae geissaO ynteu yn ewyllys. Ac yna y dywaôt rei Orthaú aoedynt yntrigyaO y gyt ac ef drOy ewyllys da, gochel y gedrycholder yny 11 Oyper py fford y kerdo y 12 chwedyl. Ac 13 Oynteu yn dywedut hynny nachaf vn yn dyuot ac yn dywedut. Llynia varchogyon yn dyuot ar vrys. A breid yd athoed ef dros y drOs nachaf y marchogyon yn dyuot y geissaO. v yd aruollei, B. 3/ aetli ef a HoOel y vraut, B, 4/ Montgomeri, D. 5 G wílliam, I). 6 6y, B. v attaO, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 121 endeavour to save his life ; and having sent messen- gers, the other promised that he would with great pleasure receive him if he came. After Gruffudd, son of Rhys, heard that, he and Howel, his brother, went to him. This same Howel had been in the prison of Ernulf, son of Roger, the lord of 4 Castle 4 i/Uf>U;* Baldwin/ to whom king William had given a part of the territory of Rhys, son of Tewclwr ; and subse- quently this Howel had escaped, in a maimed state, with broken limbs, out of the prison. Thereupon, they and others along with them, were kindly re- ceived by Gruffudd, son. of Cynan. And in that interval, when the king had heard that Gruffudd, son of Rhys, had gone to Gruifudd, son of Cynan, he sent messengers to Gruifudd, son of Cynan, re- questing that he would come to him ; and Gruffudd obeyed, and repaired to the king. And, as is the manner of the French to deceive people by promises, king Henry promised him much if he would under- take to secure Gruffudd, son of Rhys, and send him alive to him, and if he could not secure him, to kill him, and send his head to him ; and he, promis- ing that, returned to his country. And immediately he enquired where Gruffudd, son of Rhys, resided. And it was told Gruffudd, son of Rhys, that Gruf- fudd, son of Cynan, had come from the king's court, and was seeking to get him at his disposal. Then some who were dwelling with him, and wished him well, said, 1 Do thou avoid his presence, until it be ' known which way the report travels.' And whilst they were telling this, behold, there comes one, say- ing : 1 Here are horsemen coming in haste.' And he had scarcely passed the door, when the horsemen 3 oruc, B. I 11 ^yppych, 9 daly, B. 12 whedleu, B. 10/ oruc pa, B. I 13 Gynt, B. 122 BKUT Y TYWYSOGION. Ac ni allaOd amgen no chyrchu Eglwys Aber Daron arnaOd. A gOedy clybot o Ruffud nab Kynan y dianc yr eglwys anuon gOyr aoruc y tynnu ef or eglOys allan. Ac ny adaOd ^scyb a 2 [henafyeit] beuafyeit y wlat hynny rac llygru naOd yr eglOys. A gOedy y ellOg or eglOys ef a ffoes yr Deheu, ac a deuth y Ystrat Tywi. A gOedy clybot 2 [y petheu] hynny 11a wer aym- gynullaOd attaO o bop tu * ac ynteu a due kyrch an- hegar 3 aniben y Ffreinc ar Flemhisyeit yny daruu y vlOydyn honno. mcxiii. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y kyrcliaOd y Grufud ab Kys a dy wedassam ni uchot, yny vrOydyr gyntaf y castell oed yn ymyl Arberth ac y llosges. Odyna ydaetli hyt yn Llan ym Dyfri lie yd oed gastell neb un tywyssaOc aelwit Rickert 4 [vab y] PònsOn y gOr y rodassei Henri vrenhin idaO y Kantref Bychan. ac y profes y torri ae losgi, ac nys gallaOd kanys ym~ Crthlad ac ef awnaeth keitweit y kastell a chyt ac Oynt Maredud nab Ryderch nab CradaOc y gOr a oed yn kynnal ystiwerdaeth 5 [Kantref Bychan] y dan y dywededic Rickert : y rac castell eissoes a losges. Agôedy ymsaethu or tOr ac ef abratlm llawer oe wyr a saetheu, allad ereill ydymchoelaOd drachefyn. Agòedy hynny y dannones y gedymdeithon y wnen- thur kyrch a chynnOrOf ar gastell aoed yn ymyl Aber Tawy ; a hOnnO bioed iarll aelwit Henri BemOnd. A gûedy llosgi y rac castell, ac amdiffyn or keitweit y t6r a Had rei 6 oe wyr ydymchoelaOd drachefyn. 1 preladyeid, C. i 3 am benn, B. *B. D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 123 came in search of him ; and he could do no more than flee to the church of Aberdaron for sanctuary. And when Gruffudd, son of Cynan, heard of his escaping to the church, he sent men to force him out of the church ; but the bishops and the elders who owned that country, would not permit that, lest the sanctuary of the church should be violated. After he had been set at large from the church, he fled into the South, and came to the Yale of Tywi. And when those things became known, many collected I to him from every side ; and he made an untoward, pointless attack upon the French and the Flemings until the close of that year. 1113. The ensuing year, the Gruffudd, son of Rhys,/ ^^^y whom we have mentioned above, made an attack, in^ the first battle, upon the castle that was near Arbertb, and burned it. From thence he proceeded to Llan- Jj^£^ ymddyvri, where there was a castle of a certain y leader, called Rickert, 4 son of Ponson, the person to whom king Henry had given Cantrev Bychan ; and he essayed to breach and burn it, but was not able, for the garrison of the castle withstood him, with the aid of Maredudd, son of Rhydderch, son of Caradog, the person who held the stewardship of 5 Cantrev Bychan' under the said Rickert; the outwork of the castle, however, he burned. And after those on the tower and himself had been shooting at each other, and many of his men had been wounded with arrows, and others killed, he returned back. Afterwards he sent his companions to attack and to alarm a castle that was near Abertawy ; and which belonged to an earl named Henry Beaumont. And after burning the outworks, the garrison defending the tower, and killing a few of his men, he retreated again. Hear- o, B. 124 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. A gOedy clybot hynny ac ymgynullaO attaO llauer o ynvydyon ieueinc o bob tu wedy y dòyllaù o chOant anoeitheu, neu o geissaO 1 [atgyOeiraO neu] atneGydu BrytanaOl teyrnas. Ac ny tlial ewyllys 1 [dyn] dim 0 ny byd DuO yn borth idaO. Gúneuthur aorac 2 ysclyfaetheu ma6r yn y gylcli o gylch. Ar Ffreinc yna y gymerassant gyghor agalù pennaetheu y wlat attunt. Nyt amgen Owein 3 uab CradaOc' uab Ryderch y gOr y rodassei Henri vrenhin idaO rann or Kantref MaOr 4 [yn Ystrat TyOi] ; a Maredud uab Ryderch yr hûnn a 1 [rac] dywedessam ni vry ; a Ryderch nab TeOdör ae veibon 1 [nyt amgen] Maredud ac Owein. Mam y rei hynny gOreic Ryderch ab TewdOr oed Hunyd uerch Bledyn ab Kynvyn y pennaf or Bryt- anyeit wedy Grufud ab Llywelyn yrei oedynt vrodyr vn vam. Kanys Ygharat verch Varedud 5 vrenhin y Brytanyeit oed y mam ell deu ; ac Owein uab Kara- daOc uab GOenllian verch y dywededic Yledyn yrei 1 [hynn] a llaOer o rei ereill a deuthant y gyt. A gofyn aoruc y Freinc udunt aoedynt oil fydlonyon y Henri vrenhin ; ac atteb awnaethant eu bot. A dyv/edut awnaeth y Ffreinc Grthynt od ydyOch ual y dywedOch dagossOch ar aOch gOeithretoed yr hynn yd yttyùch yn y adaû ar aOch tauaòt ; reit yù yùch gadO castell Kaer Vyrdin, yr h6n a bie y brenhin, pob un ohonaOch yny ossodedic amser ual hynn. CadO y castell o Owein uab CradaOc pythewnos ; a Ryd- erch a uab TeOdOr ' pythewnos arall ; a Maredud uab Ryderch b ab TewdOr ' pytheùnos 1 [trydyd]. A 1 [c y] a/ 6 aý veibion b/ 7 vab Caradauc 1 B. 2 yscoluetheu, B. 3/ Not in D. *b. a THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 125 ing this, many foolish young men from every part joined him, being deceived by the desire of spoils, or seeking to 1 repair and ' restore the British, kingdom. But the will 1 of man ' does not avail any thing unless God assists him. He committed great depredations round about him. Then the French took counsel and summoned the chieftains of the country to them, that is to say, Owain, son of Caradog, son of Rhydderch, the person to whom king Henry had given a part of Cantrev Mawr 4 in the Yale of Ty wi / and Mare- dudd, son of Rhydderch, whom we have mentioned above, and Rhydderch, son of Tewdwr, and his sons, 1 to wit/ Maredudd and Owain. The mother of those, the wife of Rhydderch, son of Tewdwr, was Hunydd, daughter of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, the chiefest of the Britons, after GrutFudd, son of Llywelyn, and who were brothers by the same mother ; for Angharad, daughter of Meredudd, king of the Britons, was the mother of both ; and Owain, son of Caradog, by Gwenllian, daughter of the said Bleddyn. These, and many others, assembled together. The French asked them whether they were faithful to king Henry ; and they answered that they were. Then the French said to them, ' If you be as you say, show by your deeds c that which you promise by your tongue : you must ' keep the castle of Caermarthen, which belongs to * the king, each one of you in his appointed time, e in this manner : Owain, son of Caradog, is to keep ' the castle for a fortnight, and Rhydderch, a son of 1 Tewdwr/ another fortnight ; and Maredudd, son of ' Rhydderch, h son of Tewdwr/ a 1 third fortnight ; a ' 0 and his sons b/ 7 son of Caradog 5 vrenhines, B. 6 B. 7 B.C.D. 126 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. 1 Bledri uab Kediuor y gorchymynnOyt castell Robert 2 LaOgan yn Aber 3 CafOy. A gOedy ansodi y petheu hynny, Gruffud 4 ab Rys a bryderaùd am anuon disgOyl- eit am torri y castell neu y losgi. A phan gauas amser adas ual y gallei yn 5 haOd kyrclm y castell. Yna y damweinaOd uot Owein uab CradaOc 6 yn kadO ygkylch' y castell. Ac yna y due Gruffud ab Rys kyrch nos am ben y castell. A phan gigleu Owein ae gedym- deitlion kynnGrOf y gwyr ae geûri yn dyuot, kyfot yn ebrOyd or ty lie ydoed ef ae gedymdeithon a wnaeth- ant. Ac yny lie y clywei yr aOr ef e hun a gyrch- aOd ymblaen y vydin a thebygu bot y gedymdeitlion yny ol, wynteu gòedy y adaO ef e hunan a 7 foassant, ac uelly y lias yna. A gûedy llosgi y rac castell a heb vynet y myOn yr tGr' yd ymchoelaOd ac yspeileu gantaO yr notaedigyon goedyd. Odyna ydymgynull- assant y ieueinc ynvydyon y Olat o bop tu attaO o debygu goruot o honaO ar bop peth o achaGs y dam- wein hGnnO ; kanys castell a oed YggOhyr a losges ef o gûbyl allad llawer o wyr yndaO. Ac yna ydedeOis GOilim o Lundein y castell rac y ofyn ae holl ani- ueileit ae 8 [holl annOyl] oludoed. A gOedy daruot hynny, 9 megys y dyweit Selyf drychafel aOna yspryt yn erbyn kOymp 8 [dyn]/ Yna yd aruaethaOd 8 [ef] yn chOydedic o valchder, ac o draha yr anosparthus bobyl ar ynvyt giOtaOt kyweiraO 8 [hyntoed] ynvydyon o Dyfet y GeredigyaO. A chymryt 10 gOrthdynebed yr gyfyaOnder. Gúedy 11 galö o Gediuor ab GronO ; a Howel a/ 12 adiang y tyreu 1 Vledỳn, C. D. 8 laOgam, B. Courtemaỳn, D. 3 CofGy, B. Korram, C. Com- mỳn, D. Comwyn, E. 4 uab, B. 5 haós, B. 6 ar ygylch yn cadó, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 127 ' and Bledri, son of Cedivor, is appointed to keep 1 the castle of Robert, the Crook-handed, at Aber ' Cavwy/ After settling these things, Gruffudd, son of Rhys, bethought him of sending scouts to see how- to break the castle or burn it. And when he found a good opportunity of approaching the castle easily, it chanced that Owain, son of Caradog, was guarding about the castle. Then Gruffudd, son of Rhys, made a night attack upon the castle. And when Owain and his companions heard the noise and shouting of the men coming near, he and his companions suddenly arose from the house they were in, and towards the place where he heard the shout, advanced forward himself before the troop, supposing his companions to be close behind him ; but they, leaving him alone, had fled, and thus he was slain there. After burn- ing the outer ward, a without entering the tower/ he returned with his spoils to the accustomed woods. Thereupon the foolish youths of the country on every side collected to him, imagining that he was to over- come every thing, because of that event ; for there was a castle in Gower which he burned entirely, killing many men therein. And then William of London, through fear of him left his castle and all his cattle and fond riches. When that was over, as Solomon says, ' The spirit becomes elevated against 4 the fall of man/ so he prepared, being swollen with pride and with the presumption of the unruly rabble, and the silly inhabitants, to arrange foolish 8 expeditions from Dy ved into Ceredigion, and to take the part opposed to equity, being invited by Cedivor, a ' 12 and escaping the towers, 7 ffoyssant, B. i 10 görthóyneb hynt, B. S B. 11 y aló, B. 9/ Not in a 12 a 128 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. nab Idnerth, a Thrahayarn ab Ithel, y rei a odynt yn dynessau o gyfnessafrOyd gerennyd a 1 cbyfaduab a dnnnaù arglOydiaethen idaO. Ar rei bynny aoedynt 2 [y] gyt ac e ^ vmblaeii bollwyr KeredigyaOn ; ac nyt oed dim aallei not yndireitacb nor a Kedinor hònnO yr Olat agkyifredin kyn noc yt adaO Dyfet yn llaOn o amrynaelon genedloed nyt amgen ' Flemissyeit a Ffreinc a Saeson ae guvtaOt genedyl ebnn, y rei kyt beynt vn genedyl agOyr KeredigyaOn eissoes gel- ynyon gallonnen oed gantnnt o aebaOs 3 en banes- mOythdra ae hannndeb kyn no hynny. Ac yn vOy no hynny rac ofyn y tremyc awnathoedyut y Henri vrenbin y gOr a dofhaassei holl 4 bennaduryeit ynys Prydein oe allu ae vedyant, ac adarestygassei lawer o wladoed tramor Ortb y lywodraetb. rei o nertli 2 [ac] aruen ereill o aneiryf rodyon 2 [o] eur ac aryant ; y gOr n}^s dicbaOn neb ymoscryn ac ef eithyr DuO e hun y neb a rodes y 2 [ryO] medyant idaO. A gûedy dynot Grufud nab Rys yn gyntaf h y dentb y Is Coet/ Ac yna y kyrcbaOd y lie a elwir blaen Portb 5 Hod- nant ? yr bwn a adeilassei neb un 2 [teOyssaOc] Flem- issOr 6 [aelOit Gilbert vab Eickert]. Ac yno y denth y Flemisseit 7 y drigyaO. A gOedy ymlad dydgGeith ar hyt y dyd, allad llaôer o wyr y dref, a Had vn oe wyr ynteu, a llosgi y ran vOyaf or dref, beb gael dim amgen no bynny ydymchoelaOd dracbefyh. Odyna y rutbraOd gOyr y v/lat attaO o dieflic annogedigaetb a/ 8 kygbor bOnnO yr Olat ac y gyffredin Kymry Nyt amgen noc adaO y Dyuet amranaelon genedloed b 7 9 kjrcbn Keredigion js goit a oruc. 1 chyfadnabot, B. *B. 8 y, B. 4 peuaetheu, B. 5 Gwỳdni, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 129 son of Goronwy, and Howel, son of Idnerfch, and Trahaiarn, son of Ithel, who were near in proximity of kindred and acquaintance, and who agreed that he should have dominion. And those were with him before all the men of Ceredigion ; and none could be more mischievous than a that Cedivor, to the country in general, before he left Dyved, as he did, full of various nations, such as / Flemings, and French, and Saxons, and his own native tribe ; who, though they were one nation with the men of Ceredigion, nevertheless, had hostile hearts, on account of their disquietude and discord formerly ; and more than that, being in fear of offending king Henry, the man who had subdued all the sovereigns of the isle of Britain by his power and authority, and who had subjugated many countries beyond sea under his rule, some by force and arms, others by innumerable gifts of gold and silver ; the man with whom no one could strive / but God alone, from Whom he obtained the power. After the arrival of Gruifudd, son of Rhys, he first b proceeded to Iscoed/ and there he attacked a place called Blaen Porta Hodnant, which had been built by a certain Fleming 2 prince, 6 named Gilbert, son of Rickert/ and where the Flemings were dwelling. And after fighting through the whole of a certain day, many of the men of the town being killed, and one of his own men being killed also, and the greatest part of the town burned, without effecting any thing more, he returned back. After this the men of the country, a/ 8 that counsel to the country and public of Wales, namely, to leave Dyved for the various nations, b ' 9 proceeded to Ceredigion Iscoed ; 130 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. yn gyfun megys yn deissyfyt. Ar Saesson a dugassei Gilbert kynno hynny y gyflenwi y wlat yr honn kyn no hynny o anamylder pobloed aoed wac a valch, adiifeithassant ac aladassant, ac *a yspeilassant, ac alos- gassant y tei. Ae hynt ae kynhGryf a dugant hyt Ymhenwedic. A chylchymi a orugant gastell 2 Razon Ystiwart 3 [y Gilbert] a oed ossodedic yn y lie 4 aelwir ystrad 5 Peithill, ac ymlad ac ef aorugant ae orchfygu. A gwedy llad llaOer yndaO y losgi awnaethant. A phan deuth y nos pebyllyaO a 6 wnaeth yn y lie a elwir 7 [y] Glasgrue, megys ar villtir y Orth eglOys Badarn. 8 AnafrOyd a Onaethant ynyr eglOys, dOyn yr yscrubyl yn vOyt udunt or b eglOys. 9 Ar bore drannoeth/ ymaruaethu awnaethant ar castell aoed yn Aber YstGyth gan debygu y ornot. Ac yna ydan- uones 2 Razon ystiwart gOr aoed gastellOr ar y castell hùnnG. Ac alosgyssit y gastell ynteu kyn no hynny, ac y c lladyssit y wyr yn gyffroedic o dolnr am y wyr ac am y gollet ac yn ergrynedic rac ofyn kenhadeu hyt nos y gastell Ystrat Meuruc yr hOnn awnathoed Gilbert y arglOyd kyn no hynny y erchi yr castellwyr oed yno dyuot ar ffysc yn borth idaO. A gOercheit- Ceit y kastell a anuonassant attaO kymeint ac a 10 all- yssant y gaifel ; ac 7 [o] hyt nos y deuthant attaO. Trannoeth y kyuodes Gruffud uab Rys a Ryderch uab TeOdOr y ewythyr a Maredud ac Owein y veibon yu ansynOyrus oc eu pebyll heb gyOeiraO eu bydin, a/ 11 hayach ogObyl b 12 nawd. c 11 dalassit 1 ae, B. 2 Kawlf, C. 3 B.C. 4 a elöit, B. 6 Pychyll, C. 6 Onaethant, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 131 instigated by the devil, flocked to him suddenly, and as it were of one accord. And the Saxons, who had formerly been brought by Gilbert to fill the country, which previously, from paucity of inhabitants, was a proudly empty, they ravaged and killed, and the houses they pillaged and burned. And they extended their course and tumult as far as Penwedig, and surrounded the castle of 2 Razon, the steward 3 of Gil- bert/ situated in the place called Ystrad 5 Peithyll, and they fought against it and overpowered it ; and after killing many therein, they burned it. When night came, they encamped at the place called Glasygrug, about a mile from the church of St. Padarn ; and committed indecencies in the church, and took the cattle for food for themselves out of the b church/ The following morning they formed a design against a castle that was at Aberystwyth, imagining that they could subdue it ; and thereupon Razon the steward, who was castellaine of that castle, and whose own castle had been burned, and his men c killed, moved with sorrow for his men and his loss, and trembling with fear, sent messengers by night to the castle of Ystrad Meurug, which had been before erected by Gilbert his lord, requesting the garrison there to come in haste to his assistance. And the defenders of the castle sent him as many as they could procure ; and they came to him by night. The following day Gruffudd, son of Rhys, and his uncle Rhydderch, son of Tewdwr, and his sons Maredudd and Owain, in- discreetly sallied from their tents, without putting a 11 almost entirely b/ 12 sanctuary. c 11 captured, ' B. 8 AadasrCyd, B. * Ac amtranoet y boreu, B. 10 gallassant, B. 11 B. 12 C. 132 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOK a a heb ossot aròydon oc eu blaen namyn bileinllu/ megys cyweithas o giwtaOt bobyl digygor heb lywyaOd- yr arnunt y kymerassant eu hynt parth a chastell Aber Ystúyth, yn y lie yd oed 1 Razon ystiwarfc ae gymhortheit gyt ac ef, heb Gybot o nadunt hOy hynny yny deuthant hyt yn Ystrat Antarron aoed gyfarúyneb ar castell. Ar castell a oed ossodedic ar benn mynyd aoed yn llithraO hyt yn avon YstGyth, ac ar yr avon ydoed pont. Ac ual yd oedynt yn seuyll yno megys yn gGneuthur magneleu, ac yn medylyaO pa fíuryf y torrynt y castell y dyd 2 [a] lithraOd haeach yny oed pryt naOn. Ac yna ydanuones y castellwyr megys y mae moes gan y Ffreinc gOneuthur pob peth drOy b ystryù ; c gyrru saethydyon' hyt y bont y vickre ac Cynt megys o delynt hOy yn ansynhOyraOl 3 dros y bont y gallei uarchogyon llurugaOc eu kyrchu yn deissyfyt ae hachub. A phan welas y Brytanyeit y saethydyon mor leù yn kyrchu yr bont yn ansynhòyrus y redassant yn y erbyn gan ryuedu paham mor amdiredus y beidynt kyrchu y bont, Ac ual ydoed yneill rei yn kyrchu ar rei ereill yn saethu, yna y kyrchaOd marchaOc llurugaOc yn gynhyruus y bont. A rei o wyr Gruffud ae kyferbynyaOd ar y bont. Ac ynteu yn 4 aruaethu eu kyrchu 5 Oynteu. Ac yna eis- soes y torres y march y vynOgyl. A gûedy brathu y marcli y dygOydaOd. Ac yna yd aruaethod paOb a gòeOyr y lad ynteu, ae luryc ae hamdifFynnaOd yny doeth neb un or vydin ae 6 thynnu. A phan gyfodes ynteu y ffoes. A phan welas y gedymdeithon ef yn a,7 eithyr dodi yr ystondardeu or blaen b 7 astudrwyd achallder c/ 8 saethu 1 Eawlf, C. Rys, D. 2 B. I 3 dr6y, B. I 4 aruaethas gynhyruus yn, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PELNCES. 133 their troops in array ; a and without setting up en- signs, a villain host/ like a company of people with- out counsel, and without a commander, they took their course towards the castle of Aberystwyth, where 1 Kazon the steward was with his supporters, they not knowing it, until they came to Ystrad Antarron, which was opposite the castle, The castle was situated upon the top of a hill that shelved down to the river Ystwyth, and over the river was a bridge. And as they were standing there, making engines, and devising by what means they might make a breach in the castle, the day glided away until it was afternoon. Then the garrison, as is the manner of the French to do every thing by b stratagem, c sent some archers ' along the bridge to skirmish with them, that, in case they came imprudently over the bridge, the mailed cavalry might attack them suddenly and cut them off. And when the Britons saw the archers approach- ing the bridge so boldly, they indiscreetly ran to meet them, wondering that they should so confidently dare to come to the bridge. And as the one party was pressing on, and the other shooting, a mailed knight rushed violently to the bridge; and some of Gruffudd's men came to oppose him on the bridge. He essaying to attack them, his horse broke his neck, and the horse being wounded fell down ; and then every body with spears endeavoured to kill him, but his coat of mail protected him, until some of his party came and dragged him away. And when he got up, he fled ; and when his companions saw him a/ 7 but placing the standards in front, b 7 study and prudence c ' 8 shot 5 hGynt, B. 6 dynhu, B. 7 C. S B. 134 BKTJT Y TYWYSOGION. ffo y ffoassant Oynteu holl. Ar Brytanyeit ae hym- lidyaOd 1 [hayach] hyt yggórthailt y mynyd. a Y doryf ol eissoes nys ymlidyaOd, namyn heb geissaO na phont na ryt kymryt eu ffo aònaethant/ A phan welas y Ffreinc o benn y mynyd y 2 rei hynny' ynffo kyrchu y doryf vlaen aOnaethant allad kymeint ac agaOssant ac yna y gOasgarùyt y giOtaOt bobyl ar draòs y 3 wlat o bop tu ; rei ae hanifeileit gantunt rei ereill gOedy adaO pop peth namyn keissaO amdiffyn eu heneideu yny edewit yr boll wlat yn diffeith. YggyfrOg hynny ydanuones Henri vrenbin kenadeu at Owein uab KadOgaOn y erchi idaO dyuot attaO. Ac ynteu yny lie 4 y deutb/ A phan doeth y dywaût y brenhin OrthaO. Vygkaredickaf Owein aatwaenost di y lleidryn gan Ruffudd nab Rys yssyd megys yn b foedic yn erbyn' vyn tywyssogyon i. AchaOs achanys credaf i dyuot ti yn gyOiraf gOr ymi. Mi avynnaf dy uot ti yn dywys- saGc llu gyt am mab i y Orthlad Grufud uab Rys. A mi awnaf Lywarch uab Trahaearn yn gedymdeith it, kanys ynaOch chOi aOcb deu yd ymdiredaf i. A phan ymchoelych drachefyn mi adalaf 1 [y] bOyth it yn deilOg. A llaOenhau aoruc Owein or edeOidyon hynny, a chynullaO llu a Llywarch gyt ac ef a mynet y gyt hyt yn Ystrat Ty wi 1 [y] lie y 5 tebygyd uot Grufud uab Rys yn trigyaO, kanys coetir ! [ynnyal] a ' 6 Ac nyd ymlynawd y vydin ol eu kydymeithyon namyn kadw y ryd ar bont arnadunt o delei ymlid agatOyd arnunt wac yn borth ywy kydmeithyon. k' 7 kyuodi yn erbyn 1 B. * g6yr ereill, B. I 3 gOladoed ereill, B. I 4/ aaeth, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 135 flee, they also all fled, and the Britons pursued them 1 almost to the declivity of the mountain. a The rear body, however, did not pursue, but without seeking either bridge or ford, they took to flight/ When the French, from the top of the mountain, observed these fleeing, they attacked the advanced body, and killed as many as they could find ; and the throng of people was scattered about the country on every side, some having their cattle with, them, others having left every thing, endeavouring to save their lives ; so that the whole country was left a desert. In that in- terval, king Henry sent messengers to Owain, son of Cadwgan, desiring that he would come to him ; and he immediately came. When he was arrived, the king said to him, 'My most beloved Owain, art thou £ acquainted with that thief Gruffudd, son of Rhys, ' who b is like a fugitive before' my commanders? for ? and because I believe thee to be a most loyal man to ? me, I will that thou be commander of an army, with ' my son, to expel Gruffudd, son of Rhys ; and I will e make Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, thy companion, ' because I place confidence in you two ; and when 1 thou returnest back, I will properly reward thee/ And Owain rejoiced because of those promises. So he collected an army, jointly with Llywarch, and they proceeded together to the Vale of Tywi, where it was supposed that Gruffudd, son of Rhys, was staying, as a ' 6 But the rear army did not follow their compa- nions, but kept the ford and bridge, in case pursuit and distress should come upon them, clear, so as to be a support for their companions. b ' 7 rises against 5 tebygynt, B. 6 a 13G BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. oed, ac yn anaOd y gerdet 1 ac yn' haOd ruthraO gel- ynyaOn yndaO. A plian 2 [y] 3 deuth y tervyneu yr wlat, holl 4 wyr O wein a niab y brenhin ae kymhorth- eit 2 [Oynteu] a anuonassant 5 eu bydinoed yr coedyd, paOb 2 [yny dut y] dan yr amot hOnn hyt nat arbedei neb y gledyf nac y Or nac y wreic nac y vab nac y verch ; a phOy bynnag a delynt Das gochelynt heb y lad neu y grogi neu drychu y aelodeu. A phan giglen giòtaOt bobyl y wlat hynny keissaO awnaethant 2 [pa] ffuryf y 2 gellynt gaffel' amdiffyn ; ac uelly y gOas- garOyt Oynt. Rei yn llechu yny coedyd, ereill yn ffo y wladoed ereill, ereill yn keissaO amdiffyn or kestyll nessaf y dathoedynt o 7 honunt ; niegj T s y dywedir y myòn BrytanaOl diaereb, Y ki a lyha 8 yr aryf ' y bmther ac ef. A gOedy gOasgaru yllu y dan y coedyd, ef adaniweinaOd y Owein ac ychydic o nifer 2 [y] gyt ac ef kyrchu y coet o amgylch degwyr aplietwar vgein. Ac yn edrycli a welynt oleu dynyon 2 [yn ffo]. Nachaf y gOelynt oleu dynyon 9 [ac ý s o r ỳDýi] yn kyrcbu 10 parth achastell Kaer Yyrdin lie daroed udunt gOneutliur eu hedOch. Ac eu hymlit aOnaeth hyt yn agos yr castell. A gOedy eu 11 dala yno ym- choelut 2 [hyt] at y gedymdeithon a oruc. YgkyfrOg hynny y danrweinaGd dyuot llu or Fflemisseit o Ros y Gaer Yyrdin yn erbyn mab y brenhin, a Geralt 12 ystiwert gyt ac Oynt. Nachaf y rei a 13 diaghyssei yn dyuot dan lief tu ar castell, ac yn nienegi y 2 [ry] hyspeila o Owein uab KadOgaOn ae hanreithaO. A phan giglen y Ffiemisseit hynny ennynnu awnaethant J/ a, B. -B. 3 deuthant, B. 4 In, B. 5 J, B. 6/ gallynt cael eu, B. 7 honaO, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 137 it was a 1 wild woodland, and difficult to be traversed, and in which it was easy to rush upon enemies. When they had come to the borders of the country, all the men of Owain, and the king's son, with their abettors, sent their troops into the woods, every one 2 to his own spot/ under this agreement, that no one was to spare his sword, either as to man, or woman, or boy, or girl; and that whomsoever they should lay hold of, they were not to refrain from slaying, or hanging, or cutting off his limbs. And when the common people of the country heard that, they sought in what manner they could obtain safety ; and so they became scattered, some lurking in the woods, others fleeing to other countries ; others seeking pro- tection from the nearest castles, out of which they had come, as it is said in a British proverb, ' The dog 1 will lick the weapon with which he is wounded/ After the army had been dispersed amid the woods, it happened that Owain, and with him a small number, about ninety men, entered the woods, and looking if they could see tracks of people 2 in flight/ lo ! they discovered tracks of men 9 and cattle ' in the direction of the castle of Caermarthen, where they had made their peace. And he pursued them to the vicinity of the castle ; and having taken them there, he returned to his companions. In the mean while it happened that an army of Flemings was coming from Rhos to Caermarthen, to meet the son of the king, and Gerald the steward with them ; when those who had fled were seen coming with a cry to the castle, and relating their having been pillaged and robbed by Owain, son of Cadwgan. When the Flemings heard that, they were kindled with hateful v y gOaeyO, B. C. 9 £>. 10 tu, B. 11 daly, B. 12 wasnaỳthwr, D. 13 diagassei, B. 138 BKUT Y TYWYSOGION. o gassaOl gyghoruynt yn erbyn Owein o achaGs y mynych godyant awnathoed kedymdeithon Owein udunt kyn no hynny. Ac o annogedigaeth Geralt Ystiwert y gûr y llosgassei Owein y gastell ac adug- assei y dreis Nest y wreic 1 [ae hysbeil] ae anreith, Y ymlit aorugant 2 heb debygu bot gOrthOynebed idaO. Owein' a gymerth y hynt yn araf. Ac Oynteu gan y ymlit ef adoethant yn ebrOyd hyt y lie yd oed ef ar anreith gantaO. A phan welas kedymdeithon Owein diruaOr luossogrOyd yn y hymlit, dyOedut a Onaethant OrthaO, llyma luossogrOyd yn ymlit heb alln o neb ym wrthlad ac Oynt. 1 [Ac] atteb udunt a Gnaeth nac ofynheOch heb 1 [ef ] achaOs, bydinoed y Flemisseit ynt. A gOedy dywedut hynny o neb vn gynnOryf eu kyrchu a wnaeth. A diodef y kynnOryf awnaethant yn òraOl ; gûedy b6r6 saetheu o bop tu y dygOydaOd Owein yn vrathedic. A gOedy y dygOyd- aO ef a yd ymchoelaòd y gedymdeithon ar ffo/ A phan gigleu Lywarch ab Trahaearn hynny ymchoelut ef ae wyr drachefyn awnaeth y wlat. A gOedy y lad ef y 3 kynhalaOd y vrodyr y rann ef o Powys eithyr yr hynn a dugassei Owein kyn no hynny gan Maredud uab Bledyn, nyt amgen 4 KereinaOc yr hOnn oed eidaO Madaúc uab Ridit kyn no hynny. Ac enweu y vrodyr yw y rei hynn 1 [nyt amgen], Ma- daûc ab CadOgaOn o Wenllian uerch Ruffud ab Kynan ; ac EinaOn uab KadOgaOn o Sanan uerch 5 Dyfynwal ; ar trydyd oed 6 (jrgan uab KadOgaOn o 7 EUyO uerch Kediuor uab Gollwyn b y gOr a vu bennaf arglOyd a/ 8 ychýdic adiengýs or a oed gýt ac ef. v 8 tywyssavc Dyvet. 2 ac Y6ein heb dybygu bot gOrthenebed idaO, B. 3 kynbelis, B. 4 KereinaOn, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 139 grudge against Owain, on account of the frequent vexations formerly caused to them by the friends of Owain ; and incited by Gerald the steward, the man whose castle had been burned by Owain, and whose wife Nest had been violently carried away, 1 with spoils' and booty, they went in pursuit. Not expecting any opposition, Owain took his course slowly ; and they, in pursuing him, came speedily to the spot where he was with his booty. When the companions of Owain saw an immense multitude pursuing them, they said to him, ' Behold a multitude pursuing us, 1 without our being able to oppose them/ 1 And he replied to them, ' Fear not/ said he, 4 for they are ' the troops of the Flemings/ And after he had said that, being in no way disturbed, he attacked them; and they bore the assault bravely. After discharging arrows on both sides, Owain fell wounded, and when he had fallen, a his companions fled away/ When Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, heard that, he returned with his men to his own country. After his death his brothers held his share of Powys, except what Owain had formerly taken from Maredudd, son of Bleddyn ; to wit, Caereinion, which before then was the property of Madog, son of Rhirid. And these are the names of his brothers, to wit, Madog, son of Cadwgan, by Gwenllian, daughter of Gruffudd, son of Cynan ; and Einon, son of Cadwgan, by Sanan, daughter of 5 Dy vn- wal ; and the third was 6 Gwrgant, son of Cadwgan, by Ellyw, daughter of Cedivor, son of Collwyn, b the man who was supreme lord over the country of a ' 8 a few that were with him made their escape. b/ 8 prince of Dyved. 5 Dyfhaval, D. 6 Morgant, B. C. D. ? Ello, D. 8 J?. 140 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ar wlat Dyfet/ Petweryd uu Henri uab KadOgaOn or Ffranges 1 [yOreic] uerch 2 Pictot tywyssaOc or Ffreinc, ac o lionno y bu uab arall idaO a elwit Gruffud. Y whechet vu Maredyd o Euron uerch HoedlyO ab KadOgaOn ab Elstan. A gOedy hynny yd ymaruolles EinaOn uab KadOgaOn uab Bledyn, a Gruf- fud uab Maredud ab Bledyn y gyt y dOyn kyrch ambenn kastell Uchtrut uab Etwin a oed gefynderO y Vledyn vrenhin. Kanys Iweryd mam Owein ac Uchtrut ueibon Etwin 3 [vrenin Tegingl], a Bledyn uab Kynfyn oedynt vraOt a chwaer un dat ac nyt vn vam. Kanys Agharat verch Yaredud uab Owein oed vam Yledyn, a Chynvyn ab Gwerstan oed 4 y tat ell deu. Ar castell rydywedassam ni a oed yny lie aelwit Kymer ym Meironyd. Kanys KadOgaOn uab Bledyn a rodassei Yeironnyd a ChefeilaOc y Uchtrut uab Etwin dan amot y uot yn gywir idaO ac y veibon ac yn ganhorthOy ynerbyn y holl elynyon. Ac ynteu oed OrthOynebOr ac ymladgar ynerbyn KadOgaOn ae veibon. A gOedy colli Owein heb debygu gallu dim o veibon KadOgaOn awnaeth ef y dywed- edic castell. Ac Cynteu adywedassam ni vry drOy sorr a gyrchassant y castell, ac ae llosgassant. A gOedy fo rei or gOercheitweit adyuot ereill attunt hOynteu y hedOch, 1 [ac] achub aOnaethant Ueironnyd a ChefeilaOc a Phenllyn ae rannu y rygtunt. Ac y Eufdd uab Maredud y deuth KefeilaOc, a 5 [MaOdOy] a hanner Penllyn. 1 [Meiryonnyd] 6 ar ranner arall y Penllyn' y veibon KadOgaOn uab Bledyn. YgkyfrOg hynny y teruynaOd y vlOydyn yn vlin ac yn atcas y gan baOp. >B. 2 Picot de Sai, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 141 Dy ved ; ' the fourth was Henry, son of Cadwgan, by the French woman, 1 his wife/ daughter of 2 Pictot, a French prince, and by her he had another son named Gruffudd; the sixth was Maredudd, by Euron, daughter of Hoedlyw, son of Cadwgan, the son of Elstan. After that, Einon, son of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, and Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, joined together to make an attack upon the castle of Uchtryd, son - of Edwin, who was cousin to king Bleddyn, for Iweryd, the mother of 0 wain and Uchtryd, the sons of Edwin, 3 king of Tegeingl/ and Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, were sister and brother, by the same father, but not by the same mother ; as Angharad, daughter of Maredudd, son of Owain, was the mother of Bleddyn ; and Cynvyn, son of Gwerys- tan, was the father of both. And the castle, of which we have spoken, was at C^nrm^r_rn_Meirionydd ; for /-w ^ Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, had given Meirionydd and Cyveiliog to Uchtryd, son of Edwin, under an agree- ment that he should be faithful to him and to his sons, and come to his assistance against all his enemies ; but he was an adversary and hostile to Cadwgan and his sons. It was when he lost Owain, not supposing that the sons of Cadwgan could ac- complish any thing, that he made the said castle ; and the others, mentioned by us above, in a pique, attacked the castle and burned it. And after some of the garrison had fled, and some had come to them in peace, they obtained Meirionydd, Cyveiliog, and Penllyn, and divided them among them ; Cyveiliog came to Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, with 5 Mawddwy and half of Penllyn ; Meirionydd, and the other half of Penllyn, to the sons of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn. In the mean while the year terminated vexatiously and untowardly to every body. 5 B. C. E. Machdwỳ, D. Ma- I " Not in D. daOc, A. I 142 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mcxiv. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Gilbert uab Rickert 1 [ohir nychdaOt a chleuyt]. A Henri vren- hin a drigyaGd yn Xonnandi o achaOs bot ryfel y rygtaO a brenhin Ffreinc. Ac velly y tervynaOd y vloydyn honno. mcxv. T ylOydyn rac Oyneb y magOyt annundeb y rOg Howel uab Itbel aoed arglOyd ar Ros a Ry- wynaOc a meibon Owein uab Edwin, 2 [nyt amgen]. a GronO a Ridit a Llywarch y vrodyr y rei ereill/ A Howel 3 [ap Ithel] aanuones kenadeu at Yaredud uab Bledyn ameibon KadogaOn uab Bledyn 2 [nyt amgen] HadaOc ac Einaùn y eruynneit udiuit 2 [y] dyuot yn borth idaO. Kanys oe hamdiffyn Oynteu ae kanhal- edigaeth yd oed ef yn kynbal 2 [yn] y gyfran or wlat 4 adathoecl yn ran idaO. Ac Oynteu pan glyússant y Orthrymu ef b o veibon Owein ' a gynullassant 5 eu g6yr ae kedymdeithon y gyt, kynieint ac a gaOssant yn bai-aOt ual yn amgylch pedwar can Or. Ac 6 yd aetbant' yn y erbyn 2 [ef ] y Dyffryn Cluyd yr hOnn a oed wlat c udunt bOy/ Ac Oynteu a gynnullassant y gOyr gyt ac d Ycbtrut eu hewytbyr/ a dOyn y gyt ac Oynt y Ffreinc o Gaer Llion yn borth udunt 2 [aorugant]. Ac Oynteu ag}-faruuant a Howel a Maredud a meibon KadOgaOn ae kymbortheit : a gOedy dechreu brOydyr ymlad o bop tu aOnaethant a ' 7 Ririt a Llywarch ac ev brodyr. 8 y lleill meibyon Ywein ap Edwin ap Gronw. b ' 9 Gan Owein ap Edwin c/ 10 meibion Oweỳn ap Edwýn à ' 10 meibion Ychtrýt ev kefynderw 1 B.C. -B. 3 V. i ae doeth, B. 6 ' y doeth ant, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 148 1114. The ensuing year, Gilbert, son of Rickert, ^///7 ^Uu^ c died 1 of a long languishment and illness/ And king- Henry remained in Normandy, because a war existed S& . i>*^ a*'- between him ancT the king of France. And thus ^ V// • ended that year. 1115. The ensuing year a dissension arose between ^///tf éU^.ç. Howel, son of Ithel, who was lord of Rhos and Rhy- voniog, and the sons of Owain, son of Edwin, 2 namely/ a Goronwy, Rhirid, and Llywarch, and the other bro- thers/ And Howel sent messengers to Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, and to the sons of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, 2 namely/ Madog and Einon, requesting them to come to his assistance, because by their pro- tection and support he held that portion of the country, which had come to his share. They, when they heard that he was oppressed b by the sons of Owain/ collected their men and their friends together, as many as they found prepared, about four hundred men ; and went against him to the vale of Clwyd, which was a district belonging c to them/ And the others assembled their men along with d their uncle Uchtryd/ bringing with them the French from Caer- leon to aid them ; and they met Howel and Maredudd, and the sons of Cadwgan, with their auxiliaries. When the battle had commenced, they fought bitterly on a ' 7 Rhirid and Llywarch and their brothers. 8 the others, the sons of Owain, son of Edwin, son of Goronwy. b/ 8 by Owain, son of Edwin, c ' 10 to the son of Owain, son of Edwin. d/ 10 the sons of Uchtrud their cousin, 7 C. D. E. 8 a BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. yn chûerò. Ac yny diwecl y kymertli meibon Owein ae kedymdeitlion 1 [eu ffo], 6edy Had Llywarcli nab Owein a Iorwoerth uab Nud gur deOr enwaOc oed, a gOedy Had llawer a bratliu HiaOs yd yinchoelassant yn orwac dracliefyn. A gûedy brathu Howel 2 [ap Ithel] yny vrOydyr y dncpOyt adref. Ac ympenn y 8 deugeinnet diwarnaùt y bu uarò. Ac yna ydymclioel- aOd Maredud a meibon KadOgaOn adref, heb lyuassn goresgyn y wlat rac y Ffreinc kyt 4 keifynt y vudug- olyaeth. mcxvi. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bn uarO 5 Múrclier- darch, y brenhin pennaf o Iwerdon yn gyílaOn o 6 luossogr6yd a bndngolyaetheu. MCXVII. Y vlOydyn arall gOedy hynny yd aruaeth- a6d Henri vrenhin ymchoelnt y Loeger wedy hed- ychn y ìygtaO abrenhin Freinc, a gorchymyn a ornc yr 7 mordOywyr kyweiraO llogeu idaO. A gOedy parattoi y Uogen anuon a wnaeth y den uab yn un or llogeu, un o honunt aanyssit or vren nines y wreic priaùt. Ac o hGnnü ydoed y tadaOl obeith oe vot 1 [yn urenhin] yn gOledychu yn ol y dat. A mab arall o orderch idaO, ae vn uerch a llawer o wyr maOr gyt ac 8 6ynteu. Ac o wraged arbennic amgylch deucant, y rei a 9 debygynt eu' bot yn deilygaf o garyat plant y brenhin. Ac ef a rodeut udunt y Hog oreu adiogelaf aodefei y mor donneu ar mor- olyon dymhestloed. A gOedy eu mynet yr Hog dech- reu nos diruaOr gyffroi aoruc y mor donneu drOy eu kymell o dymliestlaOl uordOy a drycdrum ; 10 ac yna y kyfaruu y Hog a clireigaOl garrec aoed yn dirgel 1 B. 2 Z>. 9 deugeint, B. I 4 caffont, B. 5 Murcherdach, C. D. 6 oludoed, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 145 both sides ; and in the end, the sons of Owain and their friends took to flight, after the slaughter of Llywarch, son of Owain, and Iorwerth, son of Nudd, a brave and renowned man ; and after killing many, and wounding numbers, they returned back empty. Howel, 2 son of Ithel/ having been wounded in the battle, was carried home, and at the end of the fortieth day he died. And thereupon Maredudd, and the sons of Cadwgan, returned home without daring to subdue the country, because of the French, though they, had obtained the victory. 1116. The ensuing year died Murcherdach, the n f t f ^ / » supreme king of Ireland, abounding in prosperity and ■ victories. 1117. The next year after that, king Henry re- , ) ; i a solved upon returning to England, after peace had been made between him and the king of France ; and he commanded the seamen to prepare ships for him. And after the ships had been made ready, he sent his two sons in one of the ships ; — one of them born of the queen, his married wife, of whom he enter- tained the paternal hope that he would reign 1 as king ' after his father ; the other son was by his concubine ; also one daughter, and many great men along with them, and about two hundred principal women, who were deemed most worthy of the af- fection of the king's children. The best ship was assigned to them, and one which would most safely bear the sea-waves, and the maritime storms. After they had gone on board the ship at the beginning of night, the sea breakers were dreadfully agitated, being driven by the tempestuous current and broken surge, 10 and in consequence the ship met with a amheraGdyr, B, Gynt, B, 9/ tybygit y, B. w Not in D. K 146 BBUT Y TYWYSOGION. dan y tonneu heb Oybot yr Hogwyr, ac y torres y Hog genti yn dry lieu/ ac y bodes y meibon ar nifer aoed y gyt ac Oynt hyt na diegis neb o nadunt. Ar brenhin aeskynassei y myOn Hog arall yn y hoi. A cbyt gyffroi o diruaOryon dymhestleu y mordonneu, eissoes *ef a diegaOd' yr tir. A phan gigleu ryfodi y veibon drOc ydaeth arnaO. Ac ygkyfrOg hynny y 2 teruynûys y vlOydyn honno. MCXVIII. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y priodes Henri vrenhin merch neb un 3 dy wyssaOc or Almaen kanys kyn no hynny a gOedy marO merch y Moel COlOm y w eic 4 a aruerassei yn wastat o 5 orderchu/ A phan doeth yr haf rac Oyneb y kyffroes Henri diruaOr greulaOn lu yn erbyn gúyr Powys, nyt amgen Maredud uab Bledyn ac EinaOn b a MadaOc a Morgan meibon KadOgaOn uab Bledyn. A phan giywssant Oynteu hynny, anuon kenadeu aorugant at Ruffud uab Kynan c aoed yn kynal ynys' Von, y eruynneit idaO vot yn gyt aruoll ac Oynt yn erbyn y brenhin ual y gellynt warchadO yn diofyn ynyalOch y gOlat. Ac ynteu drOy gynhal hedOch ar brenhin, adywaOt 6 y foynt hOy y deruyneu y gyfoeth ef, y parei y hys- peilaO ae hanreithaO ac y gOrthOynebai. A phan Oybu Uaredud a meibon KadOgaOn hynny, kymryt kygor a/7 ỳ buassei merch Moelculum ỳn orderch ỳdaw ac ỳ buassei varw. 1)8 ap c'7 ar gi w id v efe a dienghis, B. 2 teruynaOd, B, I 3 due, D. I 4 yd, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 147 rocky stone, that was concealed under the waves, un- known to the sailors, whereby the ship was broken in pieces •/ and the children, with the retinue that accompanied them, were drowned, so that not one escaped. The king had embarked in another ship in its rear ; and though the sea-breakers were agitated by dreadful tempests, nevertheless he escaped to land ; and when he understood that his sons were drowned, he was grieved. And in the mean while that year terminated. 1118. The ensuing year, king Henry married the ^///2-^1 ^/^u~< daughter of a certain prince of Germany, as before then, a after the death of his wife, the daughter of Malcolm, he had constantly accustomed himself to concubinage/ When the ensuing summer came, king Henry raised an immense and cruel army against the men of Powys, namely, Mareducld, son of Bleddyn, and Einon, b and Madog, and Morgan, sons of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn. And when they heard that, they sent messengers to Gruffudd, son of Cynan, c who held the isle ' of Mona, requesting that he would become confederate with them against the king, that they might be enabled, without fear, to guard the fastnesses of the country. Then he, to maintain peace with the king, said that, if they came to the borders of his dominion, he would cause them to be despoiled and plundered, and would oppose them. And when Maredudd, and the sons of Cad- wgan, were made acquainted with that, they took a ' 7 the daughter of Malcolm had been his concubine, and had died, b8 son of <" 7 lord 5 ordercliadeu, B. 6 o, B. 7 D. 6 B. K 2 14S BPXT Y TTWYSOGION. avrnaethant. Ac yn y kygor y kafasant 1 [guareh] adaó teruvneu v sfólat ehunein. a chvnirvt eu ham- difìyn yndunt. Ar bfenhin ae luoed adynessayssant y deruyneu Powys. Ac yna ydanuones Maredud uab Bledyn ycliydic o saethydyon 3 [o weisson] ieueinc y gyuerbynyeit y brenhin myun gürthallt goedaic ynyal fTord ydoed yn dyuot, val y gellynt a saetheu ac ergydyeu wneuthur kynnfayf ar y llu. Ac ef adaniweinaOd ynyr adr ydaethoed y góyr ieueinc hynny yr Orthallt 2 [ynyal] dynot yno y brenhin ae lu. Ar góyr ieueinc hynny a erbynnyassant yno y bren- hin ae lu ; 3 druy diruaOr gynnOryf ' 4 gellug saetheu 2 [ac' ergydyon] ym plith y llu a wnaethant. A o^Oedv 11a d a llaOer a brathu ereill. vn or g6yr ieueinc a dynnaOd y via ac a ellygaOd saeth ym plith y llu. A honno a dygOydaOd ygkedernit arueu y brenhin gyferbyn ae gallon, heb Oybot yr 5 gi»yr ae byiyaód ac nyt argywedaOd y saeth yr brenhin rac daet yf ameu, kanys UmygaOc oed nainyn treillaó aoruc y .saeth 8 [a datlaniu] drachefyn 2 [yar] yr arueu. Ac ofynhau yn uaOr a wnaeth y brenhin. a diruaGr 6 aruthder a gyrnerth yndad yn gymeint haeach a phei 7 brethit trwydad. Ac erchi yr lluoed a Onaeth bebyllyad, agofyn s aoruc pgr* rei a oedynt mor ehofyn ae gyrchu ef 9 yn gyn leOet' a hynny. A dywedut awnaethpuyt idao mae rai o wyr ieueinc a anuon- assit y gan Taredud uab Bledyn awnaethoed hynny. Ac anuon awnaeth attunt genadeu y erchi udunt dyuot attao dròy gygreir. Ac Oynteu a doethant. A gofyn a wnaeth udunt pOy ac hanuonassei yno. A dywedut a Cnaethant mae Maredud ; a gofyn udunt a 10 rei or llu 1 C. ■ B. s ' athrGy od6rd achynnOrrf. B. 4 gollOg. B. 5 g. I THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 155 Powys, in the trouble between them ; and there was none 1 of them / who could find blame or dispraise in him, for he was peaceful, and beloved by all; he was likewise the archdeacon of Powys. 1125. The ensuing year, Gruffudd, 2 son of Mare- dudd,' son of Bleddyn, died. And then Llywelyn, son of Owain, was blinded by his uncle, Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, brother to his grandfather, who delivered him into the hands of Blen 5 son of leuan, the man who sent him to prison to the castle of Brygge. At the end of that year, Morgan, son of Cadwgan, died at Cyprus, in returning from Jerusalem, after having taken the cross and gone to Jerusalem, on account of his having killed his brother Maredudd. 1126. The ensuing year, a Maredudd, son of Llyw- arch, was expelled from his country; the man who killed his cousin, the son of Meurug, and who blinded his two other cousins, the sons of Griífri/ It was leuan, son of Owain, b who expelled him, and ultimately killed him/ 1127. The ensuing year, Iorwerth, son of Llywarch, was killed by Llywelyn, son of Owain, in Powys. A little while afterwards, Llywelyn, son of Owain, was deprived of his eyes and testicles, by Maredudd, son of Bleddyn. In that year, leuav, son of Owain, a/ 4 Llywelyn, son of Owain, slew Maredudd, son of Llywarch, after driving him to his country,— the man who had killed his cousin Meurug, and had put out the eyes of his two other cousins, Maredudd and Grifìri, and had blinded his two brothers. b/ 5 who blinded his two brothers, and expelled them from the country, and killed them. 156 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. y gan veibon Llywarch uab Owein y gefynderO. Yn diwed y vlOydyn honno a y lias MadaOc uab Llyw- arch' y gan Ueuruc y gefynderO 1 uab Ridit/ mcxxviii. Yn diwed y vlOydyn rac Oyneb ydyspeil- 6yt Meuruc uab Ridit oe deu lygat ae dOy geill. MCXXIX. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y lias Iorwoerth uab Owein. Yn y vlOydyn honno y lias 2 Kad0ga0n uab Gruffud ab Kynan 3 [YmanheudOy] y gan GadOgaOn uab GronO ab Owein y gefynderO, b ac EinaOn uab Owein. Yebydic wedy liynny y bu uarO Maredud ab Bledyn tegOch a diogelOch holl Powys ae hamdifyn wedy kymryt iachwyaOl benyt ar y gorff, a gleindit ediuarOch yny yspryt, a cliymyn corfF Crist, ac oleO ac aghen. mcxxx. 4 [Yny pedair blyned wedy hynny, nyt am gen no] deg mlyned arhugein a chant a rail oed oet Crist pan vu bedeir blyned ar vn tu heb gahel neb ystorya or aellit y gOarchadO 5 [y] dan gof MCXXX IV. Ar vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Henry uab GOilim bastard brenhin Lloegyr a Cliyrary ar holl ynys y am hynny yn Normandi 6 y trydyd dyd o vis Racuyr/ Ac yny ol ynteu y kymerth Esteuyn o Blaes y nei goron y deyrnas y dreis, ac y darest- ygaOd yn OraOl idaO holl Deheu Lloegyr, mcxxxv. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y lias Rickert uab Gilbert y gan Uorgan ab Owein ; gOedy hynny y kyffroes Owein a Chatwaladyr veibon Gruffud uab a ' 7 a Llỳwarch alas a Madoc ỳ vab b8 ap 1 ap Owain, E. I 3 C. yn nanhevdwy, D. * Cadwallawn, CD. \ 4 C THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. was killed by the sons of Llywarch, son of Owain, his cousin. In the end of that year, a Madog, son of Llyw- arch, was killed 7 by his cousin Meurug, 1 son of Ehirid/ 1128. In the close of the ensuing year, Meurug, son of Kliirid, was deprived of both his eyes, and both his testicles. 1129. The ensuing year, Iorwerth, son of Owain, was killed. In that year Caclwgan, son of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, was killed 3 at Nanheudwy ' by his cousin Cadwgan, son of Goronwy, son of Owain, b and Einon, son of Owain. A little after that Mared-\ //J^ ^ udd, son of Bleddyn, died — the ornament and safety! and defence of all Povvys, after undergoing salvatory penance of his body, and sanctity of repentance in his spirit, and the communion of the Body of Christ, and extreme unction. 1130. 4 Four years after that, that is to say/ one thousand one hundred and thirty was the year of Christ, when there were four successive years with- out any story to be found, that could be preserved in memory. 1134. And the ensuing year, Henry, son of William // 3 5""" the Bastard, king of England and Wales, and of all \ the island besides, died in Normandy, on 0 the third day of the month of December/ And after him his nephew, Stephen of Blois, took the crown of the kingdom by force, and bravely brought all the South of England under his sway. 1135. The ensuing year, Rickert, son of Gilbert, was ap^ fâS*K**J / slain by Morgan, son of Owain. After that, Owain ° " and Cadwalader, the sons of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, a ' 7 Llywarch was slain, and Madog his son, b8 son of B. I 7 D. iii. d. Noueb., D. I 8 E. 158 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Kynan diruaOr greulaOn lu y GeredigyaOn y gOyr a 1 oed degOch yr holl Yrytanyeit ae diogelOch ae rydit ae kedernit, y gOyr a oedynt deu arderchaOc 2 vren- hin a deu haelon. Deu diofyn deu leO deOron deu detwydyon. Deu huodron. Deu doethon. Diogelwyr yr eglOysseu ae 3 hardemylwyr. Ac amdiffynnwyr y tlodyon ; llofrudyon y gelynyon, hedychwyr y rei ymladgar ; dofyodron y gwrthwynebwyr ; y diogelaf naOd y baOp or afoei attunt ; y gOyr a oedynt yn rac rymliau o nerthoed eneideu a chyrf. Ac yn kyt gynhal ynvn holl deyrnas y Brytanyeit. Y rei hynny ar yruthur gyntaf alosgassant gastell GOallter 4 [de Bee]. Ac yna wedy kyffroi 5 eu hadaned 6 yd ymladayssant a chastell Aber YstOytk ac y llosgas- sant. A chyt a Howel uab Maredud a MadaOc uab Idnerth, a deu uab Howel nyt aragen Maredud a Rys a losgassant gastell Rickert Dylamar a chastell 7 Dinerth, a chastell Kaer (jedros. Ac 8 odyna yd 7 ymchoelassant adref. Yn diwed y vlOydyn honno y doethant eihveith y GeredigyaOn, a chyt ac Oynt amylder lu o detholedigyon ymladwyr ual amgylch whemil o bedyt aduOyn 9 [kant] a dOy vil o varch- ogyon llurugaúc. Ac yn borth udunt y deuth Gruffud uab Rys a Howel uab Maredud o Yrechein- aOc a MadaOc uab 10 Idnerth, a deu uab Howel uab Maredud. Ar rei hynny oil yn gyfun a gyweirassant y bydinoed y Aber 11 Dyui. Ac yn y herbyn y deuth Ysteuyn gOnstabyl 4 [y dref] a Robert uab Martin, a meibon Geralt ystiwert 12 [a GOilym ap Ore] ar holl Flemisseit, ar holl uarchogyon ar holl Ffreinc o 1 oedynt, B. 3 urenliined, B. 3 hardelGyr, B. 5 Y,B. 6 yd, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES, 159 led a large and cruel army into Ceredigion ; — the men who were the ornament of all the Britons, their safety, their liberty, and their strength ; the men who were two noble and two generous kings ; two dauntless ones ; two brave lions ; two blessed ones ; two eloquent ones ; two wise ones ; protectors of the churches, and their champions; the defenders of the poor ; the slayers of the foes ; the pacifiers of the quarrelsome ; the tamers of antagonists ; the safest refuge to all who should flee to them ; the men who were pre-eminent in energies of souls and bodies ; and jointly upholding in unity the whole kingdom of the Britons. They on the first onset burned the castle of Walter 4 de Bee and then, having moved their wings, they fought against the castle of Aberystwyth and burned it ; and along with Howel, son of Maredudd, and Madog, son of Idnerth, and the two sons of Howel, to wit, Maredudd and Rhys, they burned the castle of Rickert cle la Mere, and the castle of Dinerth, and the castle of Caerwedros ; and afterwards they returned home. In the close of that year they came a second time into Ceredigion, having with them a numerous army of choice combatants, about six thousand fine infantry, and two thousand 9 one hundred' cavalry in armour. And to their aid came Gruffudd, son of Rhys, and Howel, son of Maredudd of Brecheiniog, and Madog, son of 10 Idnerth, and the two sons of Howel, son of Maredudd. And. all those conjointly drew up their troops at Aber 11 Dyvi. And to oppose them came Stephen the constable 4 of the town/ and Robert, son of Martin, and the sons of Gerald the steward, 12 and William son of Ore/ and all the Flemings, and all the marchers, and all the French from Aber Nedd 7 Dinyrth, B. Dineỳrth, D. 87 odyno yr, B, 9 D.E, 10 lor, D. 11 Teivi, B.C.D. 12 B. 160 BRUT Y TYWYSOGJON. Aber Ned hyt yn Aber 1 Dyfì. A gòedy kyrchu y vrOydyr ac ymlad yn greulaOn o bop tu y kymerth y Fiiemisseit ar Normanyeit eu ffo lierOyd eu har- ueredic defaOt. A gOedy Had rei o nadunt, a llosgi ereill, a a thrycliu traefc meircli ereill/ a dOyn ereill ygkeitliiwet a bodi y ran vOyaf megys ynvydyon yn yr avon. A gOedy colli amgylcli teir mil oe gOyr yn drist aflawen 2 yd ymchoelassant 3 y gOlat. A gOedy hynny yd ymchoelaùd Owein a Cliatwaladyr y6 gOlat yn hyfryfc laOen gOedy 4 kaffel y uudugolyaeth 5 [} T n anrydedus], a chael diruaOr amylder o geith ac an- reitheu a gOiscoed maOrweirthaOc ac arueu. mcxxxvi. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu varO Gruffud uab Rys, lleuuer a chedernit ac aduùynder y Deheu- wyr. 5 [Yn] y vlOydyn honno y bu uar6 Gruffud ab Kynan brenhin a pliennadur a thywyssaOc ac amdiff- ynnOr a liedycliôr holl Gymry. Gùedy lliaOs berigleu mor a tliir. Gùedy aneiryf anreitbeu a budugolyaetheu ryueloed. GOedy goludoed eur ac aryant a dillat maOrweirthaOc. GOedy kynhullaO GOyned y briaOt wlat y rei a daroed y gOasgaru kynno hynny y ymrauaelon wlatoed, y gan Normanyeit. GOedy adeilat llawer o egiOysseu yny amser ae kyssegru y DuO. 5 [A] gOedy gOisgaO ymdanaO yn vynach, a chymryt cymun corff Crist, ac oleO, ac aghenn. Yny vlOydyn honno y bu uarO Ieuan archoffeirat Llan Badarn y gOr a oed doethaf or doethon. GOedy arwein y vuched yn grefydus heb pechaOt marOaOl hyt agheu yny trydyd a/ 6 ac yssigaw ereill dan draet meircli 1 Teivi, E, 2 yr, B. 3 yO, B. 4 cael, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. IGl unto Aber 1 Dyvi. And after joining battle, with cruel fighting on every side, the Flemings and the Normans took to flight, according to their usual custom. And after some of them had been killed, and others burned, a and the limbs of the horses of others broken/ and others taken captive, and the greater part, like fools, drowned in the river, and after losing about three thousand of their men, they returned exceedingly sorrowful to their country. After that, Owain and Cadwalader returned, happy and rejoicing, to their country, having obtained the victory 5 honourably/ with an immense number of prisoners, and spoils, and costly garments and arms. 1136. The ensuing year, Gruffudd, son of Rhys,/// 3 J died — the light and strength and gentleness of the " * CènS men of South Wales. In the same year Gruffudd, son of Cynan, died — the king and sovereign and prince and defender and pacifier of all the Welsh, after many dangers by sea and land, after innumer- able spoils and victories in war, after riches of gold and silver and costly garments, after collecting to- gether into Gwynedd, his own country, those who had been before scattered into various countries by the Normans, after building in his time many churches, and consecrating them to God, and after habiting himself as a monk, and receiving the com- munion of the Body of Christ, and extreme unction. In that year Ieuan, high priest of Llanbadarn, died — the man who was the wisest of the wise, after lead- ing his life religiously, without committing mortal sin unto his dissolution, on the third day of the calends a/ 6 and bruised others under the feet of horses, 3 b. 1 6 a L 162 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dyd o galan Ebrill. Yny vlOydyn honno hefyt y doeth meibon Gruffud ab Kynan y a dryded weith' y GeredigyaOn, ac y llosgassant gastell Ystrafc Meuruc, a chastell ^lan Ystyffan/ a chastell 2 [H0mfre] 3 [a] Kaer Vyrdin. mcxxxvii. 4 [Yn] y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y doeth yr amherodres y Loegyr yr darestOg brenhinyaetli Loegyr y Henri y mab. Kanys merch oed hi y Henri gyntaf uab GOilim vastard. Ac yna y bu dyffic ar yr heul y deudecuet dyd o galan Ebrill. Mcxxxvui. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y lias Cynwric 5 [ a P] Owein y gan deulu MadaOc uab Maredud. mcxxxix. Y vlOydyn wedy hynny y bu uarO MadaOc uab Idnerth. Ac y lias Maredud uab Howel y gan ueibon Bledyn uab 6 Kynuyn 4 [y] GOyn. mcxl. Y vlOydyn rac llaO y lias Howel uab Maredud uab Ryderch or Cantref Bychan drOy dychymic Rys uab Howel ; ac ef e hun ae lladaOd. mcxli. Deugein mlyned a chant a mil oed oet Crist pan las Howel uab Maredud ab Bledyn y gan b neb un heb wybot pOy ae UadaOd/ Ac yna y lias Howel ae vraOt 4 [ChadOgaOn] meibon MadaOc uab Idnerth. mcxlii. Y vlOydyn wedy hynny y lias AnaraOt uab Grufud gobeith a chedernyt a gogonyant y Deheu- wyr y gan deulu Kadwaladyr y gOr yd 7 oedynt yn a ' 8 eil weith b' 9 y Oyr ehun. î0 ýr eidaw ehvn. 1 Ystevyn, J). 2 B. Sire Humfraý, D, 3 a 5 B. C. D. ac, A. 6 Not in C. D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 163 of April. In that year also, the sons of GrufTudd, son of Cynan, came the a third time' into Ceredigion, and burned the castle of Ystrad Meurug, the castle of Llanstephan, the castle 2 of Humfrey/ 8 and Caer- marthen. 1137. 4 In the ensuing year, the empress arrived in England, for the purpose of subduing the kingdom of England for Henry her son ; for she was a daughter to Henry the first, son of William the Bastard. And then there was an eclipse of the sun on the twelfth day of the calends of April. 1138. The ensuing year, Cynvrig, 5 son of Owain, was killed by the family of Madog, son of Maredudd. 1139. The year after that, Madog, son of Idnerth, died ; and Maredudd, son of Howel, was slain by the sons of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn Gwyn. 1140. The forthcoming year, Howel, son of Mared- udd, son of Rhydderch, of Cantrev Bychan, was slain by the machination of Rhys, son of Howel, and he himself slew him. 1141. One thousand one hundred and forty was the year of Christ, when Howel, son of Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, was killed by b some one, without its being known who killed him/ And then Howel and his brother 4 Cadwgan, the sons of Madog, son of Idnerth, were slain. 1142. The year after that, Anarawd, son of Gruf- fudd, the hope, and strength, and glory of the men of South Wales, was killed by the family of Cadwalader — a ' 8 second time b ' 9 his own men. 10 his own. * oed, B. 10 D. L 2 164 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOX. ymdiret idaO yn gymeint ac ofynhaei. A gOedy clybot o Owein y vraOt hynny drOc uu gantaO. Kanys amot awnathoed rodi y verch y AnnaraOt. A mynnu Kadwaladyr y vraOt awnaeth. Ac yna yd- achubaOd Howel uab Owein ran CadOaladyr o 1 Gein- a6n, ac y llosges castell CadOaladyr a oed yn Aber YstOyth. Ac yna y lias Milo iarll Henfford asaeth neb un uarchaOc idaO e liun aoed yn bOrG kar6 2 yn hela' y gyt ac ef. MCXLIII. Y vl6ydyn rac llaO pan welas Catwaladyr uot Owein y vraOt yny Grthlad oe holl gyfoeth kyn- ullaO llyges o Iwerdon aoruc, a dyuot y Abermenei yr tir. Ac yn dy wyssogyon gyt ac ef ydoed 3 Otter, / a mab Turkyll a mab 4 CherGlf. YgkyfrGg hynny y kyttuunaOd Owein a Chatwaladyr megys y gOedei y vrodyr a thròy gyghor y g6yr da y kymodassant. a A phan 6 gly wyt' hynny y dellis 6 [y] GermanOyr Cadwaladyr. Ac ynteu a amodes udunt dGy vil o b geith ac velly yd ymrydhaaùd y Orthunt/ A phan gigleu Owein hynny a bot y vraOt yn ryd teruysgus gynnúrGf awnaeth arnunt ae kyrchu yn diennic a oruc. A gOedy Had rei a dala ereill ae kaethiOaO yn warat- a/ 7 A drwc oed gan ý Gwýdýl hýnn) 7 canýs oed amot ŷdunt dwÿ vil o vorkev ỳr dývot gÿt ac ef. A gwedŷ nas gavssant, wÿnt adalýassant Uawer ac a dugassant gantunt ÿn attauel ev da. b 8 warthec, 1 GeredigyaOn, B.C. 2 ' Grth hely, B. I 3/ Otter vab Octer, B.C. Occer I vab Occer, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PEINCES. 165 the man in whom they reposed as much confidence as he required. And when his brother Owain heard of it, he was sorry; for he had made a contract to give his daughter to Anarawd. And she would have his brother Cadwalader. Then Howel, son of Owain, seized Cadwalader's share of Ceredigion, and burned a castle of Cadwalader which was at Aberyst- wyth. At that time Milo, earl of Hereford, was killed by an arrow from a certain knight attached to him- self, who was shooting a stag in hunting with him. 1143. The forthcoming year, when Cadwalader saw that his brother Owain was expelling him from all his territory, he collected a fleet from Ireland, and landed at Abermenai ; and as leaders with him were 3 Otter, and the son of Turkyll, and the son of 4 Cherulf. In the meanwhile Owain and Cadwalader were reconciled, as became brothers, and it was through the advice of the good men that they were pacified. a And when that became known, the Germans blinded Cadwalader ; and he agreed to give them two thousand b bondmen ; and thus did he liberate himself from them/ And when Owain heard it, and that his brother was free, he became outrageous against them, and attacked them without mercy ; and when some were killed, and others taken and confined, they ignominiously escaped by a ' 7 And the Gwyddelians were sorry because of that, for there was an agreement that they should have two thousand marks for accompanying him. And when they did not receive them, they captured many, and took them away with them in pledge for their property. h 8 cattle ; 7 n. 8 a 4 Yschcrwlf, C. 5 ' gigleu y Gwydyl, C. B. 166 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. wydus y diaghyssant ar ffo hyt yn Dulyn. Y vlOydyn honno y bodes 1 [o Gymry] pererinyon ar vor Groec yn mynet achroes y Gaerussalem. Yny vlOydyn honno ydatgy weiraOd 2 Hu uab 3 RaOlf gastell 4 Gemaron ac y goreskynnaOd eilweith Vaelenyd. Ac yna yd at- gyweirOyt 5 [kastell] 6 ColOyn, ac y darestygOyt Eluael yr eilweith yr Ffreinc. mcxliv. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y delis 7 [Sir Hýwe] 0 Mortemer Rys uab Howel ac y carcharaOd myOn carchar, wedy Had rei oe wyr a 8 dala ereilL Ac yna y diffeithaOd Howel uab Owein a Chynan y vraOt 7 [Aberteiui]. A gOedy bot brOydyr arOdost, a chael o nadunt y vudugolyaeth yd ymchoelassant drachefynn a diruaOr anreith gantunt. Ac yna ydeuth Gilbert iarll uab Gilbert arall y Dyfet. Ac y darestygaOd y wlat a ac ydadeilaOd Gastell Kaer Uyrdin, achastell arall ym Mab Udrut/ MCXLV. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO 9 Sulyen 1 [vab] Eichmarch mab y Seint Padarn mab maeth yr eglOys, a gOedy hynny athro arbennic gOr oed 5 [ac] aeduet y geluydyt, ymadrodOr dros y genedyl, a dadleuOr 10 kymedrodwyr, hedychOr' amryuaelon gen- edloed, adurn o vrodyeu eglOyssolyon ar rei bydolyon y b decuet dyd o galan Hydref/ GOedy kymryt iach- OyaOl benyt ar y gyssegredigaeth gorff a chymyn corfF a/ 11 ac ý goresgýnnassant castell Caer Yýrdýn, ac edeiliat casteÜ mab Ychtrýt. ^ /12 deu decuet dyd o galan mis Tachwed, 1 C. D. j i Gymaeron, B. 2 Hugỳn, D. 5 B. 3 Eandvlf, C. I 6 Kolunwy, C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 167 flight to Dublin. In that year, some pilgrims 1 from Wales' were drowned on the sea of Greece, in going with the cross to Jerusalem. That same year, 2 Hugh, son of Raulf, repaired the castle of 4 Gemaron, and conquered Maelienydd the second time. And then 5 the castle of 6 Colwyn was repaired, and Elvael a second time was subjected to the French. 1144. The ensuing year, 7 Sir Hugh' de Mortimer seized Rhys, son of Howel, and confined him in prison, after killing some of his men, and taking others. And then, Howel, son of Owain, and his brother, Cynan, ravaged 7 Aberteivi ; and after there had been a most severe battle, and they had obtained the victory, they returned back, with an immense booty. And then earl Gilbert, son of another Gilbert, came into Dyved, and subdued the country, a and erected the castle of Caermarthen, and another castle belonging to the son of Uchtryd/ 1145. The ensuing year died 9 Sulien, *son of'Ryth- march, son to St. Padarn, adopted son of the church, and afterwards an especial teacher, a man whose science was mature, a speaker in behalf of his nation, a pleader among arbitrators, the peace-maker of several nations, the ornament of ecclesiastical and civil decisions, on b the tenth day of the calends of October/ after undergoing salutary penance in his consecrated body, and taking the communion of the a ' 11 and conquered the castle of Caermarthen ; and the castle of the son of Uchtryd was built. b ' 12 the twelfth day of the calends of the month of November, 7 D. 8 duly, B. 9 Sulgenius, C. 10 ' kymrodedOr hedychadl, Ä " D. 12 a 168 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Crist ac oleù ac aghenn. Ac yna y lias Meuruc uab MadaOc uab Ridit 1 yr hOnn aelwit Meuruc Tybodyat trOy vrat y gan eu wyr e liun/ Ac yna y lias Maredud uab MadaOc uab Idnerth y gan Hu o Mor- tymer. 2 [Yn] y vlOydyn honno y goresgynnaOd Cadell uab Grufud gastell DinOeileir yr liOnn a wnathoed Gilbert iarll. a Ychydic wedy hynny y goruu ef a Howel ab Owein 3 [gastell] Gaer Yyrdin drOy gadarn i ymrysson wedy ' Had 11a wer oe gelynyon abrathu ereill. Ychydic o dydyeu wedy hynny y doeth yn deissyfyt diruaOr luossogrúyd or Ffreinc ar Fnemisseit y ymlad ar castell. Ac yn dywyssogyon yn y blaen meibon Geralt ystiwert, a Gwilim ab Aed ; a phan welas Meredud uab Gruffud y 5 [gOr] y gorchymyn- nassit 6 udunt gadOryaeth y castell ae amdifyn y elynyon yn dyuot mor deissyfyt a hynny gyrru callon yny gOyr aoruc ae hannoc y ymlad, a bot yn drech gantaO y vryt noe oet. Kanys kyn bei bychan y oet eissoes yd oed gantaO weithret marchaOc ac yn angrynedic dywyssaOc yn annoc y wyr y ymlad, ac yn b kyrchu e hvm y elynyon yn arueu/ A phan a/ 7 A chastell Caer Yýrdýn drwÿ Howel ap Oweỳn ar gwŷr a oed ýngarchar gýt ac ef. Ac odýna ý doeth Cadell aý vrodyr Moredud a Rýs ý gastell Llan Ystiphan ac ýmlad ÿn gadarn ac wÿnt a 8 ac y rodassant eu heneidyeu yr karcharoryon a odynt yno, ychydic wedy hynny ygoresgynnawd Kadell ay vrodyr Maredud a Rys kastell Llan Ystyffant b/ 9 trychu e hun y elynyon ac arueu. v Not in CD. 2 B. * a v amrysson, B. 5 B. g6yr, A. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 169 Body of Christ, and extreme unction. And then Meurug, son of Madog, son of Rhirid, 1 who was called Meurug Tybodiad, was killed through the treachery of his own men/ And then Maredudd, son of Madog, son of Idnerth, was killed by Hugh de Mortimer. In "fa Jû^^jì^i^. that year Cadell, son of GrufFudd, reduced the castle of Dinweileir, which had been erected by earl Gil- bert. a A little while afterwards, he and Howel, son of Owain, overcame 3 the castle of' Caermarthen in a severe struggle, after ' killing many of their enemies, and wounding others. A few days after that, an immense multitude of the French and Flemings came suddenly to attack the castle ; and their commanders to lead them were the sons of Gerald the steward, « 7 Ay i^^ Cornwyllon, E. N 194 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Brustei a iarll Clar a deu iarll ereill, a Cbatwaladyr uab Gruffud, a HoOel a Chynan veibon Owein GOyned, a cliruaOr lu o narcliogyon a pbedyt gyt ac Cynt a beb ueidaO kyrcbu y lie ydoed Bys, ymclioelut adref a 1 wnaethant yn a llaO segur/ Odyna kynnic kygreir y Rys a 2 orugant ac ynteu ae kymerth. A cbenattau y wyr a 8 Onaetb ymclioelut 4 y gOlat. MCLIX. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO MadaOc uab Maredud arglùyd Powys, y gOr a oed diruaOr y uolyanrwyd yr bOnn a 5 ffuraa6d Duw 6 o gymmeredic' tegOch. Ac ae 7 kyflanwaOd o anliybygedic b hyder, ac ae hadurnaOd oleOder a niolyanrOyd vfud a hegar a hael Ortb y tlodyon ; buaOdyr Ortli 8 [yr] vfudyon. GarO ac ymladgar Ortb y 9 alon. GOedy gOneutbur iacbOyaOl benyt a cbymryt kymmun corff Crist, ac oleO, ac agbenn, ac Ymeiuot yny lie yd oed y 10 6ylua yn egiOys TissiliaO sant y cladOyt yn enrydedus. Ni bu uaOr gOecly bynny yny las LlyOelyn y uab, y gOr a oed unic obeith y boll wyr Powys. c Ac yna y delis CadwallaOn uab MadaOc uab Idnerth EinaOn Clut' y uraOt ac ydanuones ygkarcbar Owein GOyned. Ac Owein ae rodes yr Ffreinc a d tbrOy y gedym- deitbon 8 [ae deulu] ' y diegis byt nos o 11 WiceO yn ryd. a' 8 6ac laO. b 8 bruder, c > i2 a c ỳ dalpwŷt Cadwallawn ap Madoc ap Idnertb ỳgan Einaun Glut i' 12 ogýgbor ÿwýr aŷ vrod} r r maetb 1 orugant, B. - Gnaethant, B. 3 oruc, B, 4 yd, B. 5 phurueidaGd, B. 01 ae agkymaredie, B, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 195 other earls, and Cadwalader, son of Gruffudd, and Howel and Cynan, with an immense host of cavalry and infantry ; but not daring to approach the place where Rhys was, they returned home with a unem- ployed hands/ After that they offered a truce to Rhys, which he accepted ; and he permitted his men to return to their country. 1159. The ensuing year died Madog, son of Mared- ^ / (£& udd, lord of Powys, the man who was of extraordi-i nary celebrity, and whom God had endowed with v acknowledged beauty, and filled with unmatched h con- fidence, and adorned with bravery and fame ; being humble and kind, and generous to the poor ; affable to the humble ; and terrible and warlike towards his foes ; — after undergoing salutary penance, and re- ceiving the communion of the Body of Christ, and extreme unction ; and at Meivod, where his burial place was, he was honourably interred. It was but shortly afterwards that his son Llywelyn was killed, — the person who was the only hope of all the men of Powys. c And then Cadwallon, son of Madog, son of Idnerth, seized Einon Chid' his brother, and sent him to the prison of Owain Gwynedd ; and Owain de- livered him to the French ; and d by means of his friends and 8 his family/ ' he escaped by night from 11 Wiciew, and got his liberty. a ' 8 empty handed. b 8 anxiety, c ' 12 And Cadwallon, son of Madog, son of Idnerth, was seized by Einon Chid d ' 12 by the advice of his men and his foster brothers, 7 kyfla6na6d, B. 8 B. 9 Orthóymebedigyoii, B. 10 óydua, B. 11 WeckOm, B. 12 D. N 2 196 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mclxi. Trugein mlyned a chant a mil oed oet Crist pan ] [ny bu dim. Blwydyn wedy liynny] uu uarw Agharat gOreic Ruffud uab Kynan. 2 [Yn] y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO Meuruc escob Bangor. Yn y vlOydyn lionno y goreskynnaOd Howel nab Ienaf 3 [ap Owain] o dOyll gastell 4 Daualwern YgkeueilaOc. Ac o achaOs hynny y syrthaOd Owein GOyned yg- k3 r meint o dolur ac na allei na thegOch teyrnas na didanOch neb ryG dim arall y arafhau nae dynnu oe gymeredic lit. Ac eissoes kyt kyrchei anniod- euedic dristit uedOl Owein 2 [tyOyssaOc] deissyfyt lewenyd oracwelecligaetb DuO ae kyfocles. Kanys yr un ry6 Owein a gyffroes vn ryw lu y ArOystli byt yn Llan Dinan ; a gûedy 5 kaffel diruaOr anreith o nadnnt ymgynnnllaO a ornc gOyr ArOystli amgylch trycban Or y gyt a Howel uab 6 Ieuan y harglOyd y ymlit yr anreith 7 [hỳt ŷngordwr Hafren]. A phan welas Owein y elynyon yndynot yn deissyfyt, annoc y wyr y ymlad aoruc, ar gelynyon a ym- choelassant ar ffo gan y llad o Owein ae wyr yn y bu vreid y diegis 8 y traean adref ar ffo. A phan gyíleriwis y llewenyd hOnnO vedOl a Owein, yna yd jonchoelaOd ar y gyssevin ansaOd wedy y rydhau oe gymeredeic dristit, ac atgyweiraO y castell a oruc. mclxii. Y ulOydyn rac byneb y dygOydaOd 9 Kaer Offa 7 y gan Owein ab Gruffud ab Owein ab MadaOc, b a Maredud uab Howel/ 2 [Yn] y ulOydyn honno y a/ 10 a bryt y tyOyssaOc, b ' n a Moredud a Howel. 12 ap Moredud a Howel ap Madoc i vrawd. 1 C. -B. 3 E. 4 Walwern, C. D. 5 cael, B. e Ieuav, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 197 1161. One thousand one hundred and sixty was the year of Christ, when 1 nothing happened. A year after that/ Angharad, the wife of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, died. 2 In that year, Meurug, bishop of Ban- gor, died. In the same year, Howel, son of Ieuav, 3 son of Owain/ got possession of the castle of 4 Tav- alwern in Cyveiliog through treachery ; and on that account, Owain Gwynedd fell into such grief, that neither the splendour of a kingdom, nor the con- solation of any thing else, could assuage or draw him from his resentment. And nevertheless, though insupportable sorrow affected the mind of 2 prince Owain, a sudden joy from the foreknowledge of God raised him up. For the same Owain moved an army into Arwystli, as far as Llandinam ; and after they had obtained a vast booty, the men of Arwystli assembled together, being about three hundred men, under Howel, son of 6 Ieuan, their lord, to pursue after the booty 7 as far as the bank of the Severn/ And when Owain observed his enemies coming suddenly on, he incited his men to fight ; and the enemies took to flight, and were killed by Owain and his men, so that scarcely a third of them escaped home. And when that joy had filled the mind a of Owain/ he returned to his former state, having been released from his sorrow ; and he repaired the castle. 1162. The ensuing year, 9 Caer OftV fell before (//^3 Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Madog, b and Mared- udd, son of Howel/ 2 In the same year king Henry a/ 10 and thought of the prince, b ' 11 and Maredudd and Howel. 12 son of Maredudd, and Howel son of Madog, his brother. 7 D 8 a, B. 9/ Karrekgoua, B. C. I). E, 10 B. n D. 12 E. 198 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. kyffroes Henri vrenliin Lloegyr lu yn erbyn Deheu- barth. Ac y doeth hyt ym Penn Cadeir. A gOedy rodi gòystlon o Rys idaO ymchoelut y Loegyr a wnaeth. Ac yna y lias EinaOn uab AnaraOt yny 1 gOsc y gan Wallter ab Llywarch y Or ehnn, ac y lias CadOgaOn ab Maredud y gan Wallter nab 2 Ridit. Ac yna y kymerth Rys ab Grufud y Kantref MaOr a chastell DinefOr. 3 [Yn] y nlOydyn honno y bu narO Kediuor uab Daniel archdiagon KeredigyaOn. Ac yna y bu narO Henri ab Artlien goruchel athro ar holl gyffredin yr holl yscolheigon. mclxiii. Y nlOydyn rac Oyneb gOedy gOeled o Rys ab Gruffud nat yttoed y brenliin yn kywiraO 4 dim OrthaO' or a adaOssei, ac na allei ynteu 5 undnchockau yn aduOyn kyrcbu 6 awnaetk yn wrawl' am benn cyfoetli Rosser iarll Clar y gOr y lladyssit EinaOn nab AnaraOt y nei oe achaOs, a thorri 3 [aoruc] castell Aber Reidawl, a chastell mab WynyaOn ae llosci, ac atoresgynn holl GeredigyaOn 7 [jr eilweith] a myn- ychu lladuaeu a lloscnaeu ar y Fflemisse, a dOyn mynych anreitheu y gantunt. A gOedy hynny yd yniaruolles yr holl Gymry ar ymOrthlad a cheitweit y Ffreinc a hynny yn gyfun y gyt. MCLXlV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y diffeithaOd Dauyd nab Owein GOyned Tegigyl, ac y inudaOd y dynyon ae hanifeileit y gyt ac ef hyt yn dyffryn ClOyt 8 [a ornc ef or holl wlad eithr dinas Basing y ty a seiliasai i dad]. A gOedÿ tebygu or brenhin y bydei ymlad ar y a castell aoed 7 yn Thegygyl kyffroi llu a/ 9 gestyll a oedynt 1 hun, B. - Eichard, CD. 3 B. * ida6 din, B. 5 Yuehodockau, B. D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 190 moved an army against South Wales ; and lie came to Pencader; and after Rhys had delivered hostages to him, he returned to England. And then, Einon, son of Anarawd, was slain in his sleep by Walter, son of Llywarch, his own man; and Cadwgan, son of Maredudd, was slain by Walter, son of 2 Rhirid. Then Rhys, son of Gruffudd, took possession of Can- t/ k trev Mawr and the castle of Dinevwr. 3 In that year died Cedivor, son of Daniel, archdeacon of Ceredigion. And then died Henry, son of Arthen, the supreme teacher in general of all the scholars. 1163. The ensukig year, when Rhys, son of GrufFudd, // . f 9 ónaeth, B. v Kereinavn, D. 10 Oarcheitóeit, B. 206 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. a ac eisted GrthaO trimis aorugant. A gOedy hynny cael y castell ae dorri, ae losgi, a chastell arall 1 [Pres- tattvn heuyt] y gyt ac ef yr 2 molyant y Gymry yn hyfryt uudugaOl paOb yù gOlat/ MCLXVII. 1 [Yn] y ulOydyn rac wyneb y lias GOr- geneu abat a LlaOden y nei v gan Gynan b ac Owein 3 [Gwynedd]. mclxviii. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb y rydhaGyt Robert uab Ystefyn o garchar yr arglGyd Rys y gyveillt. Ac y due 4 Diernut uab MOrcliath ef hyt yn Iwerdon gyt ac ef. Ac yr tir y doethant y LOch Garmon, ac ennill y kastell awnaethant. mclxix. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb y lias Meuruc uab Adam 5 [o Buellt] drGy dOyli yn y gòsc y gan TJar- edud Bengocli y gefynderù. Yn diwed y ulùydyn ho-nno mis TachOed y bu uarO Owein GOyned uab GruiFud ab Kynan tywyssaOc GOyned, gòr diruaOr y uolyant ac anueidraOl y brudder ae uoned ae gedernit, 6 ae deOred yg Kymry, 1 [ynn anoruodedic oe uebyt] wedy anneuryf uudugolyaetheu, heb omed 7 neb eiryoet or arch a geissei, wedy kymryt penyt a ckyffes 1 [lan] ac ediuarOch a cliymun rinwedeu corff Crista ac oleO ac aghenn. mclxx. Deg mlynecl athrugein achant a mil oed oet Crist pan ladaOd Dauyd ab Owein Howel uab Owein y braöt hynaf idaO. a/8 ac ýno ỳbuant tri mis ÿn adeiliat castell gOedý torri ỳ castell ỳ gafsant ýno aý llosgi aehastell Pres- tattvn ac ýmcbwelut adref ŷ ev gwlat ŷn hývrýt lawen. b 9 ap 1 B. 2 ymchoelaOd, B. 3 E. 4 Diermyt, D. 5 Z>. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PBINCES. 207 a and they sat before it three months. And then they got the castle, broke it, and burned it, with another castle, 1 Prestatyn also/ to the glory of the Welsh ; and then every one, happy and victorious, to his own country/ 1167. 1 In the ensuing year, Gurgeneu the abbot, and Llawdden, his nephew, were slain by Cynan b and Owain 3 Gwynedd. 1168. The ensuing year, Kobert, son of Stephen, was released from the prison of the lord Rhys, his friend ; and Diermid, son of Murchath, took him with him to Ireland, and they landed at Lough Garmon, where they gained the castle. 1169. The ensuing year, Meurug, son of Adam 5 of Buellt/ was killed, through treachery, in his sleep, by Maredudd Redhead, his cousin. In the end of that year, the month of November, died Owain Gwynedd, son of GrufTudd, son of Cynan, prince of Gwynedd, a man of great celebrity, and of the most extraordinary sagacity, nobleness, fortitude, and bravery in Wales, 6 invincible from his youth/ after numberless victories, « — who never denied any one the request he made, — after undergoing penance and 6 holy confession, and repentance, and the communion of the sacraments of the Body of Christ, and extreme unction. 1170. One thousand one hundred and seventy was the year of Christ, when David, son of Owain, killed his eldest brother Howel, son of Owain. a/ 8 and there they remained three months erecting a castle, after breaking down the castle which they found there, and burning it, with the castle of Pres- tatyn ; and they returned happy and joyful to their country. b 9 son of . 6 a, B. 7 dyn, B. 8 D, 9 B. C. D. E. 208 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mclxxi. Y vlOydyn rac uyneb y lias Thomas arcli- escob 1 [Keint] gOr maOr y grefyd ae santeidrOyd ae gyfyaOnder,, 2 ae gyghor, ac 3 [o] annoc Henri urenhin Lloegyr y pumhet dyd gOedy duO Nadolic ger bronn allaûr y DrindaOt yny gapel ehun yg Gheint ae escobaOl wise ymdanaO, a delO y groc yn y laO y lias 1 [achledýfeu] ar diOed yr efferen. Yn y vlOydyn honno y mordOyaOd Bickert iarll Terstig uab Gilbert 4 v6a kadarn ' a chadarn varchaOclu 8 [y] gyt ac ef y Iwerdon. Ac yny kyrch kyntaf y kymerth Porth Lachi. A gOedy gOneuthur kyveillach a Dieruut vrenlnn a ac erclii y vercb ' yn briaOt, ac o nerfcli hònnO y cauas Dinas Dulyn drOy wneuthur diruaOr aerna. Ac yny vlOydyn honno y bu uarO Ropert uab LlyOarch. Ac y bu uarO Dieruut vrenhin Largines, ac y cladOyt yn y dinas a el wit Fferna. Ac yny vlOydyn honno y magOyt teruysc y rOg bren- hin Lloegyr a brenhin Ffreinc amlad yr archescob. Kanys brenhin Lloegyr a rodassei yn veicheu y vrenhin Freinc Henri 5 ty wyssaOc BOrgOin a 6 ThybaOt ieuanc y vrawt meibon oed y rei hynny 7 yr TibaOt tywyssaOc BOrgOin, a iarll Fflandrys a llaOer o rei ereill pan wnaeth kymot ar archescob hyt na wnaei argyOed idaO byth. A gOedy clybot o Alexander bap rylad yr archescob anuon 3 [y] llythyreu at urenhin Freinc a Onaeth, ac at y meicheu ereill. A gorchymyn udunt drOy yscymundaOt kymell brenhin Lloegyr y dyuot y lys Eufein y wneuthur iaOn am ageu yr y verch agymerth ' D. 2 o, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE P1UNCES. 209 1171. The ensuing year, Thomas, archbishop 1 of Canterbury/ was killed 1 with swords/ at the instiga- tion of Henry, king of England, — a man great for his piety, and his holiness, and his equity, and his counsel, on the fifth day after Christmas Day, in front of the altar of the Trinity, in his own chapel, at Canterbury, clothed in his episcopal robe, having the image of the cross in his hand, at the conclusion of the mass. In that year, Rickert, earl of Terstig, son of Gilbert Strongbow, having with him a powerful body of ca- valry, sailed for Ireland. And in the first attack he took Port Lachi ; and after having formed a friendship with king Diermid, a and demanded his daughter ' in marriage, with his aid he got possession of the city of Dublin, through immense slaughter. In the same year, Robert, son of Llywarch, died ; and Dier- mid, king of Leinster, died, and was buried in the city called Fern a. And in that year, a contention was engendered between the king of England and the king of France, on account of the murder of the archbishop ; for the king of England had delivered, as pledges, to the king of France, Henry, duke of Burgundy, and his brother 6 Theobald the younger, who were sons of Theobald, duke of Burgundy, and earl of Flanders, with many others, when he made a compact with the archbishop, that he would never do him an injury. And after pope Alexander had heard that the archbishop had been put to death, he sent letters to the king of France, and the other pledges, commanding them, on pain of excommunica- tion, to compel the king of England to appear at the court of Rome, to make satisfaction for the death a ' 8 he took his daughter 5 due, D. 6 Theobaldus, D. 210 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. archescob. Ac Orth hynny anesmOythaO a Onaethant o bop aruaeth ar y 1 tremygu ef. A phan welas Henri vrenliin hynny deehreu gOadu aoruc hyt nat oe gyghor ef y lias yr archescob, ac anuon kenadeu aOnaeth 2 at y pab ' y venegi na allei ef vynet y Rufein drOy yr achOysson hynny. YgkyfrOg hynny y kilyaOd ran uaOr or ulOydyn. A thra yttoedit yn hynny tu draO yr mor y kynnllaOd yr arglOyd Rys uab Gruffnd hi am benn Owein KeueilaOc y daO 3 [gan ŷ verch] ar vedyr y darestOg. Kanys y gen- ifer gOeith y gallei Owein gòrthûynebu yr arglwyd Rys y gOrthOynebei 4 [ynteu]. A Rys ae kym- hellaòd y darestOg itaO. Ac y kymerth seith Oystyl gantaO. YgkyfrOg hynny ofynhau aOnaeth y brenhin yr ebostolaOl ysgymundaOt ac adaO gOladoed Freinc ymchoelut y Loegyr, a dywedut y mynnei nynet y darestOg Iwerdon. Ac Orth hynny ymgynnullaO a oruc ataO holl dyOyssogyon Lloegyr a Chymry. Ac yna y deuth attaO yr arglOyd Rys, or lie ydoed yn Llwyn Danet amgylch yrOyl y ganet yr argiwydes Veir. Ac ymgyfeillaO a 5 wnaeth ar brenhin drOy adaO 4 [idaO] drychan meirch ; a phedeir mil o ychen a aphetOar gOystyl ar hugeint/ b A gOedy hynny y denessaaOd y brenhin y Deheubarth. Ac ynyr hynt honno ar auon (jysc y due gantaO ; Iorwoerth uab Owein uab CradaOc uab Grufud. Ac o achaOs hynny y distrywaud Iorwoerth 4 [ap YOein] ac deu uab a/ 6 xiiii o wýstlon ar hýnný. b/7 Odŷno yd aeth ÿ Gaerllion ar Wysc ac aduc ýdinas ýar 1 teruyscu, B. 2/ dat, B. 3 D. 4 B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 211 of the archbishop. Thereupon they became uneasy lest they should in any way treat him with contempt. And when king Henry perceived this, he began to deny that it was through his counsel the archbishop had been killed; and despatched messengers to the pope, declaring that he could not go to Rome because of those matters. In the meanwhile, a great part of the year had run out. During that transaction on the other side of the sea, the lord Rhys, son of Gruffudd, assembled an army against Owain Cyveil- iog, his son in law, 3 by his daughter/ with the in- tention of subduing him ; because as often as Owain could resist the lord Rhys, he also resisted him. And Rhys compelled him to submit ; and he took seven hostages from him. In that interval, the king became alarmed at the apostolical excommunication, and left the French territories, and returned to Eng- land, giving out that he would go and subdue Ireland. Accordingly, he convoked to him all the princes of England and Wales. And then the lord Rhys came to him from the place where he was at Llwyn Danet, about the feast on which was Jjorn the lady Mary. And he entered into friendship witlTthe king, by pro- mising him three hundred horses, and four thousand oxen, a with twenty-four hostages/ b After that the king proceeded to South Wales ; and in this journey, upon the river Usk he took 7 Iorwerth, son of Owain, son of Caradog, son of GrufFudd. And on that account Iorwerth, 4 son of Owain/ with his two sons, Owain a ' 6 with fourteen hostages besides. b ' 7 From thence he proceeded to Caerleon upon Usk, and took the city from 5 oruc. B, 6 CD. 7 D. O 2 212 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Owein a How el a anyssit idaO o Agharat uercli 1 Uclitrut escob Llan Daf. A Morgan uab Seisyll uab Dyfynwal, o 2 Agharat uercli Owein cbOaer 3 [y] lorwoerth uab Oúein gyt a llawer o rei ereill dref Gaer Llion ac y 4 llosget hyt y castell, ac y diff- eithaOd y wlat hayacli o gObyl. Ac yna y deuth y brenhin a dirnaòr lu gantaO hyt ym Penuro yr vnvet dyd ar dec 5 o galan Hydref, ac y rodes yr arglOyd Rys GeredigyaOn ac Ystrat TyOi ac 6 Ystl6yf ac 7 Euelfre. Ac ynyr liaf hGnnG yd adeilassei yr arglOyd Rys gastell Aber Teiui o vein a morter yr hGnn adistrywassei kyn no hynny pan y due y ar iarll Clar ac y a dileaOd Robert uab Ystefyn o Nest uercli Rys ab TeOdOr ; ar Nest honno a oed vodrup y Rys a Robert yn gefynderG idaO. A brodyr Robert oed Dauyd escob MynyG, a GGilim Bastard. Meibon oed y rei hynny y Erald ystiwert. Ac yna ydaeth Rys o gastell Aber Teiui hyt yggastell Penvro y ymdidan ar brenhin y deudecuet dyd o galan Hydref a duò SadOrn oed y clyd hOnnO. Ac yd erchis Rys gynullaO y meirch oil aadaGssei yr brenhin y Aber Teifi ual y beynt baraGt Orth eu hanuon yr brenhin. A thrannoeth duO Sul yd ymchoeles Rys 8 ac ethol a Onaeth' whe meirch a phetwar ugeint Orth eu hanuon drannoeth yr brenhin. A gOedy dyuot hyt y Ty GOynn crybot a 9 Gnaeth ryvynet y brenhin y VynyG y bererinaO ac offrymaG a 9 6naeth y brenhin a 10 delbiis 1 Vchrit, D. 2 Dudgu, C. D. 4 llosces, B. 5 ar, B. 6 Arwistli, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 213 and Howel ; who had been born to him of Angharad, daughter of 1 Uchtryd, bishop of Llandaf, and Morgan, son of Seisyll, son of Dyvnwal, by 2 Angharad, daughter of Owain, and sister to Iorwerth, son of Owain, and many others, destroyed the town of Caerleon, and burned all to the castle, and laid the whole country nearly waste. Then the king proceeded with a vast army into Pembroke, on the eleventh day of the 2 / calends of October, and gave to the lord Rhys Cered- igion and the Vale of Tywi, and °Ystlwyv and 7 Euelvre. And in that summer the lord Rhys built the castle of Aberteivi, with stone and mortar, which he had previously demolished, when he took it from the earl of Clare, and a removed Robert, son of Stephen by Nest, the daughter of Rhys, son of Tewdwr. That Nest was aunt to Rhys, and Robert was his cousin ; and the brothers of Robert were David, bishop of Menevia , and William the Bastard ; and those were sons to Gerald the steward. And then Rhys went from the castle of Aberteivi to the castle of Pembroke, to speak with the king, on the twelfth day of the calends of October, and that day 2.2 was a Saturday. And Rhys ordered the horses, which he had promised the king, to be collected at Aber- teivi, to be in readiness to be sent to the king. And on the following day, Sunday, Rhys returned; and he 2 6 ^> selected eighty-six horses, to be sent the following day to the king. And having come to the White House, he heard that the king had gone to Menevia, on a pilgrimage ; and in Menevia the king made an captured 7 Elvael, D. 8/ adethol aoruc, B. 9 oruc, B. 10 B. C. D. 2U BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOX. yra MynyO den 1 gappann cor' o bali ar vedyr can- toryeit y wassanaetbu DuO 2 [a DeOi]. Ac offrymaO befyt a Onaetb 3 [dŷrneit o arýant anigjdcb] dec swllt. Ac ervynneit aoruc Dauyd uab Geralt y gOr aoed escob ym MynyO yna yr brenliin vóytta y gyt ac ef y dyd bGnnO ; a gOrtbot y gOabaOd aoruc y bren- bin, o acbaOs gOeglyt gormod dreul yr escob. Dyuot eissoes aoruc ef ar escob a atbrycbanOr' gyt ac Cynt y ginaGa, a Rickert iarll, gOr a 4 oed o IOerdon, y yni- gyfeillaO ar brenbin. Kanys o anuod y brenbin y b datlioed o IOerdon ; / a llaûer o rei ereill a gin- aOssant oc eu seuyll. Ac yn ebròyd gOedy 5 kinyaO ydysgkynnaOd y brenbin ar y veircb. 6 [A] glaO maOr oed yn y dyd bGnO, a duO gOyl Vibagel oed. Ac yna ydyincboelaúd y Benuro. A pban gigleu Rys hynny anuon y meircb yr brenbin aoruc 6 [or blaen, val y gallei uynet at y brenbin yn ol kymryt y rneircb]. A gOedy dòyn y meircb rac bronn y brenbin kymryt aOnaetb vn ar bymtbec ar bugeint a etboles, a dywedut nat 7 y bot yn reit idaO Ortbunt y kymer- assei Oynt, namyn yr talu 8 diolOcb y Rys a vei vOy no cbynt. C A guedy regi bod uelly yr brenbin dyuot aoruc Rys at y brenbin, a 9 cbael daOn awnaetb gyr bron y d brenbin, a' rydbau aoruc y brenbin idaO Howel y uab, a vuassei gantaO yggûystyl ynhir kyn no bynny 10 [} T n Lloegr], a rodi oet aoruc y brenbin idaO am y gOystlon ereill adylyei Rys y dalu yr a/ 11 a tbri cbanbonOr *>' 12 daetb y Iwerdon ; c is Agwedŷ ev dyuot být ý Tỳ Gwin ýgŷt " lygeit, " cantelcop, D. cantel kop, E. 5 kinnaOha, B. -B. a 3 B. J). E. 1 dathoed, B. 7 yr, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 215 offering of two choral caps of velvet, intended for the singers in serving God 2 and St. David/ and he also offered 3 a handful of silver, about' ten shillings. Then David, son of Gerald, who at the time was bishop of Menevia, besought the king to eat with him on that day ; but the king declined the invitation, in order to avoid an excess of expence to the bishop. Nevertheless he came to the bishop to dinner, at- tended a by three hundred men/ and earl Rickert, a man who came from Ireland to obtain the friendship of the king, for without the consent of the king b had he come from Ireland ; ' and many others also dined there standing. Shortly after dinner the king mounted his horses ; and there was heavy rain on that day, which was Mich aelmas d ay ; and he returned to Pembroke. When Khys heard of this, he sent the horses to the king, 6 before hand, that he might go to the king after he had received the horses/ And on the horses being brought before the king, he took thirty-six that he selected, saying, that it was not from want of them they were accepted, but to express his thanks to Rhys more than before. c And after having thus pleased the king, Rhys repaired to him, and obtained grace before d the king ; ' and / the king released his son Howel, who had been long- before with him 10 in England' as hostage ; and the king granted him time in respect of the other host- ages, which Rhys was bound to deliver to the king ; a/ 11 by three canons, h ' 12 had he come to Ireland ; c ' 13 And when they had come together to the White House, d/11 his eyes; 8 diolch, B. 9 chaffel, B. 10 D. 11 & 12 a d. 13 D. 2Ì6 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. brenliin. Ac am y dreth a dywetpGyt ury yn y delei y brenbin o IwerdoD. Parattoi llyges aOnaethpOyt ac nyt oed adas y gOynt udunt. Kanys amser nyOlaOc oed, a breid y keit yna yt aeduet yn un lie yg Kymry. A gOedy dyuot 1 [gwil] Galixtus bap, erchi aOnaeth y brenhin gyrru y llogeu or borthua yr mor. Ar dyd hônnù ysgynnu 2 y llogeu aorugant. Ac etto nyt oed gymùynassgar y gOynt udunt. Ac achaùs hynny ymcboelut aOnaeth drachefyn yr tir, ac ycbydic o nifer y gyt ac ef. Ar nos gyntaf wedy hynny ydyskynnaOd y logeu gan 3 óylaò o bonaO ef ehun ac o baòp oe wyr ; a thrannoeth duO Sul oed yr vnuet dyd ar bymthec o galan Racuyr drOy hyvrOyd awel wynt y dyblygaOd y logeu y dir Iwerdon. 4 [Ac yno ytrigyaOd ef ygayaf bOnnO hep Oneuthur argyOed y Oyr Ywerdon]. mclxxii. Y ulòydyn rac Oyneb y bu diruaùr varOol- yaeth ar y llu 5 [a] oed 5 [y] gyt ar brenhin yn Iwerdon o acbaOs newydder y a diargrynedigyon wyn- oed/ ac o acbaOs kyfygdOr o newyn. Am na allei y llogeu a newidyeu yndunt vordOyaO attunt y gayaf, drOy y dymestlaOl gandared mor lOerdon. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarò Katwaladyr ab Grufud ab Kynan vis MaOrth. Ac yny vlOydyn honno yd ymchoelaOd brenhin Lloegyr o Iwerdon, gan adaO yno uaròneit a marchogyon urdolyon drostaò o achaCs y kenadeu a dathoed attaO y gan y pab a Lowys urenhin Ffreinc. A duù GCener y Croglith y doeth 5 [hyt] ym Penuro, ac yno y trigyaOd y Pasc hCnnO ; a duO Llun Pasc a/ 5 diarueredigyon uOydeu, 1 B. I). \ 3 hOylaO, B. 2 yr, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 217 and also in respect of the tribute, that has been men- tioned above, until the king should come from Ireland. A fleet was prepared, but the wind was not favour- able for them ; for it was a misty season, and then scarcely any ripe corn could be had in any part of Wales. And when 1 the feast of ' pope C alixtus had / ỳ ûc^ - come, the king ordered the ships out of the port to sea ; and on that day they went on board the ships. But yet the wind was not favourable to them, and on that account he, with a small retinue, returned to land. And on the first mglrt_after_ that he ascended S\f /X ôof~ • the ships, himself and all his men steering ; and the following day, being Sunday, the sixteenth day of the calends of B-acembe*-, with a fair gale, the ships lA 4 bent their course to the land of Ireland. 4 And there g ^ he remained that winter, without doing any injury / to the people of Ireland/ 1172. The ensuing year, there was a dreadful mor- tality among the army that was with the king in Ireland, on account of the a newness and unfermented state of wines/ and because of the miseries of famine ; the ships with merchandise not being able to sail to them during the winter, owing to the tempestuous violence of the Irish sea. That year Cadwalader, son of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, died, in the month of March. And in the same year the king of England returned from Ireland, leaving there barons and noble knights in his stead, and this on account of the mes- sengers that came to him from the pope and Louis, king of France. And on Good Friday he arrived at Pembroke ; and there he remained during that Easter. a/ 5 unaccustomed meats, 218 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. yd ymdidanaOd a Rys yn Talacharn ar y iford. Ac odyno yd aeth y Loeger. A göedy mynet y brenhin o Gaer Dyf liyt y Castell Newyd ar 6ysc anuon awnaeth y erchi y Iorwoerth uab Owein dyuot y ym- welet ac ef, ac y ymdidan am hedOch. A rodi kadarn gygreir aoruc idaO ac oe veibon. A phan yttoed Owein uab Iorwoerth gGas ieuanc grymus hegar yn parottoi o gyghor y dat ae wyrda y vynet 1 [y] gyt ae dat y lys y brenhin, y a kyfaruu Or iarll Bristaò ac ef ar y iford yn dyuot a Gaer Dyf ac y 2 llad- yssant. A gOedy y lad ef yna y diffeithaòd y dat a Howel y vraOt a llaòer o rei ereill heb ymdiret or achaOs hOnnO yr brenhin o neb un mod cyuoeth y brenhin hyt yn Henfford a Chaer LoyO drOy lad a llosgi ac anreithaO heb drugared. Ac yna heb odric ydaeth y brenhin y Ffreinc wedy gossot yr arglOyd Rys yn Iustus yn holl Deheubarth. b YgkyfrOg hynny y delit Seisyll ab 3 Dyfynwal a' Ieuan uab Dyfynwal a Ridit dròy dOyll y gan wyr y brenhin, ac y car- charOyt yg kastell Abergefenni/ a ' 4 doeth gwỳr iarll Brustov o Caer Dyf ford ỳ Castell Newýd ar Wýsg b/ 4 Yn hýnnÿ mýs Aust ycavas Seissell a Dývýn- wal a Ieuan ap Seissill ap Ririt castell Aber Gevenny odwýll ỳgan wŷr ŷ brenhin. 5 A Ieuan vab Seissyll ap Riryt y mis Awst y gan wyr y brenhin drwy dwyll yn Abergeuenni. 2 lladassant, B. 3/ Seissyll ab, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 219 On Easter Monday he had an interview with Rhys, on the road, at Talacharn ; and from thence he went to England. After the king had gone from Cardiff as far as Newcastle upon Usk 5 he sent to require Iorwerth, son of Owain, to come to an interview with him, and to discourse about peace, giving a safe conduct to himself and to his sons. And as Owain, son of Iorwerth, a finely grown and amiable young man, was preparing, by the advice of his father, and liege men, to accompany his father to the court of the king, a a man of the earl of Bristol met him upon the road coming from Cardiff/ and killed him. And when he was killed, then his father, with his brother Howel, and many others, not trusting on that account to the king, destroyed by every means the territory of the king, as far as Hereford and Gloucester, by killing and burning and laying waste, without mercy. And then, without delay, the king proceeded to France, after appointing the lord Rhys to be justice over the whole of South Wales. b In that interval, Seisyll, son of 3 Dyvnwal, and ' Ieuan, son of Dyvnwal, and Rhirid were seized treacherously by the king's men, and were imprisoned in the castle of Abergavenny. a ' 4 the men of the earl of Bristol came from Cardiff, by way of New Castle upon TJsk, b/ 4 Then in the month of August, Seisyll, and Dyvnwal, and Ieuan, son of Seisyll, son of Rhirid, obtained the castle of Abergavenny through treachery from the men of the king. 5 And Ieuan, son of Seisyll, son of Rhirid, in the month of August, from the men of the king, through treachery, in Aber- gavenny. 220 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOK. mclxxiii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu diruaOr ar- dyiner 1 ar hinda ar hyt y gayaf ar gOannOyn a mis Mei hyt dyO leu 2 kychavel. Ar dyd hOnnO y kyuodes diruaOr dymystyl yn yr aOyr o 3 daraneu a myllt' a chorwynt a chawadeu kenllysc, a 4 glaO yrei adorres keigeu y gOyd, ac a vyryaOd y coedyd hyt y llaOr ; a ryò bryfet adoeth y ulOydyn honno y yssu deil y gOyd, yny diffrOythaOd hayacli pob ryO prenn. 5 [Yn] y vlOydyn honno ar ulOydyn kyn no hi y collet lliaOs or dynyon ar anniueileit, ac nyt heb achaOs. Kanys yn y ulOydyn honno y ganet 6 [Meuric] mab yr ar- glOyd Rys 6 [ap Grufud] o uerch Uaredud uab Gruffud y nith verch y uraOt. YgkyfrOg hynny pan yttoed Henri urenhin hynaf y tu draO yr mor ydeuth y uab Henri ieuaf urenhin neOyd attaO, y ofyn idaO beth adylyei y wneuthur. Kanys kyt bei urenhin ef llaOer oed idaO o uarchogyon, ac nyt oed gantaO ford y dalu kyuarGsseu 7 a rodyon yr marchogyon o nys kymerei ynechOyn y gan y dat. Ar amser hOnnO oed RaOys. Ae dat a dywaOt OrthaO y rodei idaö ugein punt o vOnei y wlat honno beunyd yn dreul ac na chaffei mOy. Ac ynteu a dywaOt na chlyOssei ef eiryoet bot brenhin yn Or pae 5 [nac dan baes] ac na bydei ynteu. A gOedy kymryt or mab gygor ef a aeth y dinas TOrs y geissaO aryant echOyn y gan vOrdeisseit y dinas. A phan gigleu y brenhin hynny, anuon kenadeu aoruc y brenhin at y bOrdeisseit, y wahard udunt dan boen 8 y holl da, nat echwynynt dim oe uab ef. A heb ohir anuon aoruc wyr da y warchadO y uab rac y uynet odyno yn dirybud y un lie. A gOedy adnabot 1 a, B. 2 kyfarchauel, B. v taran a mellt, B. 1 olaOogyd, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 22 1173. The ensuing year, there was an extraordinary season of fine weather throughout the winter and spring, and the month of May, until Ascension Thurs- day. And on that day there arose a most violent storm in the sky, of thunder and lightning, and whirlwind, and showers of hail and rain, which broke the branches of the timber, . and threw the trees to the ground. And that year, some insects came to devour the leaves of the woods, so that every kind of tree was almost withered. 5 In that same year, and the year before it, many people and animals were lost, and not without a cause ; for, in that year was born G Meurug, son of the lord Rhys, 6 son of Gruffudd/ of the daughter of Maredudd, son of Gruffudd, his niece, the daughter of his brother. In that interval, when king Henry the eldest was beyond the sea, his son Henry the younger, the new king, came to him to enquire what he ought to do ; for, since he was king, he had many knights, and he had no means of rewarding those knights with presents and gifts, unless he received a loan from his father; and this was in the time of Lent. And his father said to him that he would give him twenty pounds a day, of the money of that country, for expenditure, and that he should not have more. And he said that he had never heard of a king being a man on pay, 5 or under wages/ and that neither would he be. After the son had taken advice, he went to the city of Tours, to obtain money on loan from the burgesses of the city ; and when the king heard that, he sent messengers to the burgesses, to forbid them, under pain of losing all their property, to lend any thing to his son. And without delay he sent trusty men to watch his son, lest he should go anywhere without notice. And n B. 6 D. I 7 o, B. I 8 eu, B. 222 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. or mab hynny peri aoruc medwi nossweith y gGerch- eitweit aoed arnaO olys y brenhin. A gûedy eu hadaò yn 1 vedwon ^yn kysgu dianc a 2 Onaeth ac ychydic o nifer y gyt ac ef hyt yn llys brenhin Ffreinc y whegrOn. YgkyfrOg hynny yd anuones 3 [Kỳs ap Grufud] Howel y nab hyt att yr hen vrenhin tu draû 4 yr mor ar vedyr trigyaO yny llys a gOassanaethn ar y brenhin ahaedu 5 y gedymdeithas o bei vyO, ac' nal y gallei y brenhin ymdiret y Bys 6 o bei vy6 ; ' ar bren- hin a aruolles y mab yn enrydedns, a diruaOr diolch awnaeth y Kys. Ac yna aflonydn a oruc y brenhin ieuanc ar gynoeth y dat drOy nerth y whegrOn, a 7 ThybaOt iarll BGrgGyn, a a iarll Fflandrys. A thra vyd y b brenhin yn ymrysson nelly tn draO yr mor y dechreuaOd Iorwoerth nab Owein o GOynllOg ymlad a Chaer Llion, y pymthecnet dyd o galan AOst dnö Merchyr. Ac a ostygaOd y dreis oe rym ae nerth. DnO SadOrn wedy hynny, gûedy 8 dala dn6 GOener y dyd kyn no hynny y gOyr aoed yn kadO 9 y baeli. A throstnnt Oynten drannoeth y rodet y kastell. A gOedy hynny yr eilweith yr eildyd 10 [arbymthec] o vis Medi y kyrchaOd Howel nab Iorwoerth Went is Coet. A thrannoeth dnO GOener y darestygaOd yr holl wlat eithyr y c castell ac y kymerth wystlon o vchel- wyr y wlat. 11 [Yn] y nlòydyn honno y goreskynnaOd Dauyd nab Owein GOyned idaO ehnn ynys Von gOedy dehol o honaO UaelgOn nab Oòein y vraOt hyt yn Iwerdon. a is chýghorwr b 11 brenhined c 11 kestyll 1 veddGeit, B. 3/ ketymeithas y brenhin a uei 2 oruc, B. uóy, B. 3 J). 6/ a uei uóy, B. 4 y, B. 7 Theobaldus, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 223 when the son became acquainted with this, he caused the guards that were over him from the palace to be made drunk on a certain night. Leaving them drunk and asleep, he escaped, accompanied by a small retinue, to the court of the king of France, his father in law. In that interval, 2 Khys, son of Gruffudd/ sent his son Howel to the old king, beyond the sea, with the intention of abiding at the court, and serving the king, so as to merit his favour if he should live, and that the king might confide in Hhys, if he should live. The king received the son honourably, and was extremely thankful to Rhys. And then the young king harassed the territory of his father, through the aid of his father in law, and 7 Theobald, earl of Bur- gundy, and the a earl of Flanders. And whilst the b king contended thus beyond the sea, Iorwerth, son of Owain, of Gwenllwg, began to attack Caerleon, the fifteenth day of the calends of August, being Wed- nesday ; and he forcibly reduced it by his power and strength. The Saturday afterwards, after having, on the previous Friday, captured the men who kept the outer court, the castle was delivered for their ransom. And after that, a second time, on the second day 10 after the fifteenth ' of the month of September, Howel, son of Iorwerth, attacked Gwent Iscoed; and the day following, Friday, he subdued the whole country, except the c castle, and took hostages of the chief men of the country. 11 In that year David, son of Owain Gwynedd, subdued for himself the isle of Mona, after he had banished his brother Maelgwn, son of Owain, to Ireland. a 12 counsellor b 11 kings c 11 castles, daly, B. yr, B. 11 B. 12 D. 224 EKUT Y TYWYSOGION. mclxxiv. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb y goreskynnaGd Dauyd uab Owein holl 6yned gûedy gúrthlad o honaO y holl vrodyr ae holl ewythred. Y ulOydyn honno y delis Dauyd nab Owein VaelgOn y vraOt ac y karch- araûd. Yn y vlOydyn honno y bu uarO Kynan nab Owein GGyned. mclxxv. Yn y ulOydyn gOedy hynny y delis Howel ab Iorwoerth o Gaer Llion, heb Oybot oe dat OGein Penn Carún y a ewythyr. A gOedy tynnn y lygeit oe benn y peris y yspadu rac meithrin etifed o honaö a wledychei 1 [canýs ef oed wir etived ar] 2 [Caer Llion Gedy hynny. Ac yna o deissyuyt gyrch duw Sadwrn rac wyneb y goresgynnaOd YfTreinc] Gaer Llion. Ac y gyrrassant ymeith odyno Iorwoerth a Howel y vab. Yny ulOydyn honno 3 y hedychaOd Henri vrenhin hynaf a Henri ieuaf, gOedy diruaGr distryOedigaeth Normandi ae chyfnessafyeit wledyd. Ac yna y delis Davyd uab Owein drOy dGyll Rodri uab Owein y uraOt un uam un dat ac ef, ac y carch- araòd my On gefynneu 4 [kyuyg] am geissaO cyfran o dref y dat gantaO. Ac yna y priodes y brenhin Dauyd hOnnO 5 Dam Em' chOaer y vrenhin Lloeger drOy clebygu gallel o honaO kael y gyuoeth yn llonyd hedychaOl or achaOs hOnnO. Ac yna y diegis Rodri o garchar Dauyd y vraOt. A chyn diwed y ulOydyn y gOrthladaOd ef Dauyd o Von ac o óyned, h yny doeth drOy auon' GonOy. Ac yna yd ymbarattoes yr arglOyd Rys ab Gruífud Orth uynet y lys y brenhin 6 [duw gwỳl Iago apostol] hyt Ygkaer LoyO. Ac a 7 gevynderw V 7 ewch 1 D. 2 a 3 yd, B. 4 D, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 225 1174. The ensuing year, David, son of Owain, got possession of the whole of Gwynedd, after he had expelled all his brothers and all his uncles. The same year, David, son of Owain, took his brother Maelgwn, and imprisoned him. In the same year, Cynan, son of Owain Gwynedd, died. 1175. In the year after that, Howel, son of Ior- werth, of Caerleon, seized Owain Pencarwn, his a uncle, unknown to his father ; and after taking his eyes out of his head, he caused him to be castrated, lest he should beget issue to govern, 1 for he would be the rightful heir to' 2 Caerleon after that. And then by a sudden attack, the Saturday following, the French got possession of' Caerleon, and drove away from thence Iorwerth, and Howel his son. In that year, king Henry the elder was reconciled to Henry the younger, after vast destruction in Nor- mandy, and its neighbouring countries. And then David, son of Owain, by treachery took Rhodri, son of Owain, his brother by the same mother and father, and confined him in 4 strait fetters, for seeking to obtain from him a share of his father's patrimony. And then the same king David married 5 dame y Emma/ the sister of the king of England, imagining ' '/J ^ that he should be able to obtain his dominion quietly jPj^/ and peaceably on that account. And then Rhodri ^ '/^ escaped from the prison of his brother David; and before the end of the year, he expelled David out of Mona, and out of Gwynedd b until he passed through the river' Conway. And then, the lord Rhys, son of GrufFudd, prepared to go to the court of the king at Gloucester, 6 on the feast of St. James the Apostle/ j Q J cousin, b ' 7 above 5/ Emme, C. D. 6 CD, 7 1). 226 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. yduc 1 [y] gyfc ac ef drOy gygor y brenhin lioll dy- wyssogyon y Deheu a uuessynt yggOrthwyneb yr brenhin. Nyt amgen KatOallaOn uab MadaOc o Vael- enyd y gefynderO, ac EinaOn Clut o Eluael y daO gan y uerch, ac EinaOn nab Rys o Werthrynyon y daO y Hall. A Morgan ab CradaOc ab Iestyn o wlat Vorgan o Wladus y ehwaer 2 [a Grnfnd ap Inor ap Meuryc o Seinhenyd ynei o Nest yliOaer] a Iorwoerth uab Owein o Gaer Llion. A Seissyll uab Dyfynwal o Went uch Coet, y gOr a oed yna yn briaOt a GOladus chOaer yr arglOyd Rys. Hynny oil o dywyssogyon a ymchoelassant yw gOladoed yn hedychaOl gyt ar arglOyd Rys y gOr aoed garedickaf gyfeillt gan y brenhin yn yr amser hOnnO, drOy ymchoelut Kaer Llion drachefyn y Iorwoerfch ab Owein. Yny lie wedy hynny y lias Seissyll uab DyfFynwal drOy ddyll ar- glOyd BrecheinaOc 3 [ýn castell Abergevenni] a chyt ac ef 4 RufFud y uab a llawer o bennaduryeit GOent. Ac yna y kyrchaOd y Ffreinc lys Seissyll uab Dyfyn- wal, a gOedy dala GOladus y wreic y lladyssant GadOaladyr y uab. Ar dyd hOnnO y bu y druanaf aerua ar wyrda GOent. A gOedy ygyhoededicka dan- llyOychedic dOyll honno ny beidaOd neb or Kymry ymdiret yr Ffreinc. Ac yna y bu uarO Cadell uab GrufFud drOy orthrOm glefyt, ac y cladOyt yn Ystrat Fflur wedy kymryt abit ycrefyd ymdanaO. Ac yna y lias 5 Rickerfc abat 6 ClerynaOt myOn manachlaOc yn ymyl 7 Reinys y gan neb vn anfydlaOn uynach o vrath kyllel]. mclxxvi. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Kynan abat y Ty GOynn a Dauyd escob MynyO. Ac yny 1 B. \ 3 D. 'B.C.E. I 4 Geffrei, C, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 227 And by the advice of the king he took with him all the princes of the South, who had been in opposition to the king ; that is to say, Cadwallon, son of Madog, of Maelienydd, his cousin ; and Einon Glud of Elvael, his son in law by his daughter ; and Einon, son of Rhys of Gwerthrynion, his other son in law ; and Morgan, son of Caradog, son of Iestin, by his sister Gwladus, of Glamorgan ; 2 and Gruffudd, son of Ivor, son of Meurug, of Senghenydd, his nephew b}^ his sister Nest;' and Iorwerth, son of Owain, of Caerleon ; and Seisyll, son of Dyvnwal, of Gwent Uchcoed, the man who was then married to Gwladus, sister of the lord Rhys. All those princes returned peaceably to their countries, along with the lord Rhys, the man who was the most beloved friend of the king at that time, after restoring Caerleon back to Iorwerth, son of Owain. Immediately after that, Seisyll, son of Dyvnwal, was slain, through the treachery of the lord of Brecheiniog, 3 in the castle of Abergavenny/ and with him 4 Gruffudd his son, and many of the chieftains of Gwent, And then the French, repaired to the court of Seisyll, son of Dyvnwal; and after seizing Gwladus his wife, they killed his son Cad- walader. And on that day there was the most mise- rable slaughter of the good people of Gwent. And after that most open and flagitious treachery, none of the Welsh dared trust to the French. And then Cadell, son of Gruffudd, died of a severe disease, and was buried at Strata Florida, after taking the reli- gious habit. And then 5 Rickert, abbot of 6 Clerynaut, was killed in a monastery near 7 Rheims, by the stab of a knife from a faithless monk. 1176. The ensuing year died Cynan, abbot of the White House, and David, bishop of Menevia, after 5 Richard, D. 6 Clerval, I). CleryuaOt, B. 7 Remys, B. C. Ramson, D. P 2 228 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. 01 y denessaaOd J Pyrs ynescob. Ac yna y kynhalyaOd yr arglOyd Rys wled arbennic yn castell Aber Teini, ac y gossodes deu ryO amrysson vn rûg y beird ar 2 prydydyon, ar Hair rOg 3 [y] telynoryon 4 a chry th- oryon a phibydyon ac amryuaelon gerd arwest ; a d6y gadeir a ossodes y vudugolyon yr amryssoneu. Ar rei bynny agyfoethoges ef o diruaOryon rodyon. Ac yna y cauas gOas ieuanc oe lys 3 [ef] e liunan 5 [mab i Cibou Grythwr] y uudugolyaeth o gerd arwest, a g6yr GOyned agauas y "uudugolyaeth o gerd dauaOt. A phaòb or kerdoryon ereill a gaôssant y gan yr arglOyd Rys kymeint ac a archyssant hyt na OrthladOyt neb. Ar wled honno a gyhoedet vlGydyn kyn y gOneuthur ar hyt Kymry a Lloegyr a 6 Phryd- ein ac lOerdon a llaOer o wladoed ereill. Yn y ulOydyn honno yny GraOys 7 yd ymgynnllaOd kyghor hyt yn Llundein 6rth gadarnhan kyfreitheu yr eglûys- seu yno geir bronn kardinal o Eufein a dathoed yno Orth y neges honno. A gOedy meithryn cynnOryf y rOg archescob Keint ac archescob lore y teruysgOyt y kyghor. Kanys ydyd kyntaf or kygor a yd achub- assei archescob lore eistedua y gadeir or tu debeu yr cardinal yny lie y 8 dylyer ac y gnottaei arch- a/ 9 kyrchu aoruc archescop Keint lie delehe vot : athrannoeth yd achubawt archescob Caer Efrauc ỳ lie hwnnw ýngwýd ÿ cardinaliet, 10 kanys archesgob Keint a achubassei eisdedua yn gyntaf ac val yr oed y deu esgob drannoeth yn ymrysson am eu teilyng- dodau yggwyd y kardinal, 1 Perys, D. 2/ prydyon, ac arall, B. 4 ar, B. 6 Phrỳdỳn, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 229 whom 1 Pyrs succeeded as bishop. And the lord Rhys held a grand festival at the castle of Aberteivi, wherein lie appointed two sorts of contention ; one between the bards and poets, and the other between the harpers, fiddlers, pipers, and various performers of instrumental music; and he assigned two chairs for the victors in the contentions ; and these he enriched with vast gifts. A young man of his own court, 5 son to Cibon the fiddler/ obtained the victory in instrumental song ; and the men of Gwynedd obtained the victory in vocal song ; and all the other minstrels obtained from the lord Rhys as much as they asked for, so that there was no one excluded. And that festival was proclaimed a year before it was held, throughout Wales and England and 0 Prydyn and Ireland, and many other countries. In that year, in Lent, a council was assembled in London, for confirm- ing the laws of the churches there, in the presence of a cardinal who had come from Rome on that business. And a dispute having been fostered between the arch- bishop of Canterbury and the archbishop of York, the council was thrown into confusion. For on the first day of the council a the archbishop of York had secured the seat in the chair, on the right side of the cardinal, where it was due and customary for the arch- a ' 8 the archbishop of Canterbury proceeded to the place where he ought to be ; and the following day the archbishop of York secured that place in the presence of the cardinals, 2 for the archbishop of Canterbury had first secured his seat, and as the two archbishops were the next day disputing for their privileges, in the presence of the cardinal, 7 yr, B. 8 dylyei, B. 9 D. 10 a 230 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. escob Keint eisted. A thrannoeth pan cloethant ger bronn y cardinal wedy amrysson yggOyd yr holl lys am y teilygdodeu/ y deutli y rei or tu drachefyn y arcliescob lore ac ydymchoelassant y gadeir yny vyd gOegii yr archescob yr UaOr ar gadeir ar y vcbaf ac Oynteu ar y draOs ef gan y sathru ae traet, ae ffustaG ae dyrneu 1 [yny vu]. A breid y dieghis yr arcli- escob yn vyO odyno. MCLXXVII. Y ulOydyn rac Cyneb y lias EinaOn Chit, ac y lias Morgan uab Maredud. Ac yna yd adeilaOd yr arglOyd Rys gastell Rayadyr GOy. mclxxviii. 1 [Yn] y ulOydyn rac uyneb y ryfelaOd meibon Kynan 2 [ap Owein Gwynedd] yn erbyn yr arglOyd Rys. mclxxix. Ac yna y lias KadwallaOn. Ac y dech- reuOyt coueint y ManaehlaGc Gaer Llion 3 [ar Wýsg] yr honn aelwir Deuma 3 [ýn nant 4 Teýrnon]. MLXXX. Pedwar ugein mlyned a chant a mil oed oet Crist pan uu varO Alexander bap. Ac yn y ol ynteu y doeth yn ba-p Lucius. Ac yna y bu uarO Adaf escob 5 LlanelyO yn Ryt yclien, ac y cladOyt y myOn manachlaOc 6 Osnei. MCLXXXi. 7 [Ny bu dim or a dycket ar gof yny vrwyclyn lionno]. mclxxxii. Y ulOydyn rac Cyneb y lias RandOlff 8 Depoyr a a llawer o varchogyon y gyt ac ef y gan ieuenctit 9 Caer Wynt.' 1 B. 2 E. á D. ] 4 Thirnon, C. 5 Llan elOy, B. Seint Assaph, D. \ 6 Osỳneỳ, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PllINCES. 231 bishop of Canterbury to sit. The following day, when they came into the presence of the cardinal, after disputing before the whole court for their privileges/ there came some persons behind the archbishop of York and overturned the chair, so that the back of the archbishop's head came upon the floor, with the chair upon him, and they across him, treading him with their feet, and cuffing him with their fists, 1 while he was there/ so that the archbishop scarcely escaped from thence alive. 1177. The ensuing year, Einon Clud was slain ; and Morgan, son of Maredudd, was slain. And then the lord Rhys erected the castle of Rhaiadr Gwy. 1178. 1 In the ensuing year, the sons of Cynan, son of Owain Gwynedd, warred against the lord Rhys. 1179. And then Cadwallon was killed. And the society was established in the monastery of Caerleon 3 upon Usk/ which is called Deuma, 4 in the Glen of Teyrnon/ 1180. One thousand one hundred and eighty was /// the year of Christ, when pope Alexander died ; and fl- atter him Lucius became pope. And then Adam, bishop of Llanelwy, died at Oxford, and was buried in the monastery of Osney. 1181. 7 There was nothing, which was put on record, in that year/ 1182. The ensuing year, Randulf De Poer, and a many knights with him, were killed by the youths 9 of Winchester/ a 10 a few I 0/ o Went, D. 7 a 8 de Poer, D 233 BRUT Y TYWYSOGiON. MCLXXXIII. Y vlu} 7 dyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Henri 1 ieuaf urenhin Lloegyr/ Ac y bu uarO 2 Rickert archescob Keint. mclxxxiv. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarG Ryderch abat y Ty GOyn. A Meuruc abat y Cwm Hir. MCLXXXV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb amgylch y GaraOys y doeth padriarch Caerussalem hyt yn Lloegyr y eruynieit nerth y gan y brenhin rac distryO or Ideùon ar Sarassinyeit boll Gaerussalem. A chyt ac amylder o varchogyon a pbedyt ydymchoelaOd dra- cbefyn y Gaerussalem. Yny ulOydyn honno duO calan Mei y symudaOd yr lieul y IliO, ac y dywaOt rei uot 3 erni diifyc. 4 [Yn] y vlOydyn bonno y bu uarO Dauyd abat Ystrat Fflur. Ac y bu uarO Howel uab Ieuaf 5 [ap Owein] arglOyd ArOystli, ac y cladOyt yn enrydedus yn Ystrat Flur. Ac 6 yna y bu uarO EinaOn uab Kynan. mclxxxvi. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Lucius bap. Ac yny le yd urdOyt y trydyd Yrbanus yn bap. Yny vlOydyn honno amgylch mis Gorffenna ydaeth cofeint Ystrat Flur y RedynaGc Yelen Yg- gOyned. Ac yna y bu uarO 7 Pedyr abat yn dyfiryn ClOyt/ Ac yna y lias Katwaladyr uab Rys 8 [ỳn lledrat] yn Dyfet, ac y cladOyt yn y 9 ty GOynn 8 [ar Daf]. Yn y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO Ithel abat 10 Ystrat Marchell/ Ac yna y lias Owein uab MadaOc gOr maOr y uolyant. Kanys cadarn oed athec ; achar- edic a hael, ac adurn o voesseu da 8 [yn Garrec Gova] y gan deu uab Owein KyveilaOc, nyt amgen GOenOyn- Oyn a 11 ChatwallaOn, a hynny drOy nossaOl urat athOyll. Ac yna y delit Llywelyn uab KatwallaOn yn enwir y 17 urenliin Lloegyr yr ieuhaf, B. 2 Richard, D. 3 arnei, B. *B. 5 E. 6 odyno, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE FRINGES. 233 1183. The ensuing year, Henry the younger, king -5> of Englan d, di ed ; and 2 R^kert,__archbishop_ of C an- terbury, died. 1184. The ensuing year died Rhydderch, abbot of the White House ; and Meurug, abbot of Cwm Hir. 1185. The ensuing year, about Lent, the patriarch r ^ of Jerusalem came to England, to request aid from / the king, lest the Jews and Saracens should destroy all Jerusalem; and with a multitude of cavalry and infantry he returned back to J erusalem. In that year, , j on the calends of May, the sun changed its colour, ' and some said there .was an eclipse of it. 4 In that year David, abbot of Strata Florida, died ; and Howel, son of Ieuav, 5 son of 0 wain, ' lord of Arwystli, died, and was honourably buried at Strata Florida ; and then Einon, son of Cynan, died. 1186. The ensuing_year, pope Lucius died; and in his stead Urbanus the Third was consecrated pope. In the same year, about the month of July, the convent of Strata Florida removed to Rhedynog Velen in Gwynedd. And then died 7 Peter, abbot, in the Vale of Clwyd/ And then Cadwalader, son of Rhys, was 8 privately killed in Dyved, and was buried in 9 the White House' 8 upon Tav/ In that year Ithel, abbot 10 of Ystrad Marchell/ died. And then Owain, son of Madog, was slain, — a man of great celebrity; for he was powerful and comely and amiable and generous, and a pattern of good manners— 8 at Careghova/ by the two sons of Owain Cyveiliog, to wit, Gwenwynwyn and 11 Cadwallon, and that by noc- turnal treachery and plot. And then Llywelyn, son " Perỳs abat Clervall, D. J ,0/ or Trallwng, D. 8 D, I 11 Chaswallawn, D. C. 9 ' Ystrat Ffur, E t I 234 BRUT Y TYWYS0G10N, gan y vrodyr, ac y tynnOyt y lygeit oe benn. Ac yna y diffeithaOd ac y llosges MaelgOn uab Eys 1 [o deheubarth] Dinbych. Y gOr a oed a daryan achedernit yr holl Deheu. Kanys egluraf oed y glot a thee a charedic oed gan baOp, kyt bei kymhedraOl y ueint garò wrth y elynyon, hegar Orth y gedymdeithon, paraOt y rodyon, budugaOl yn ryuel. Ar holl tyOys- sogyon kyt amhinogyon ac ef ae hergrynynt, kyffelyb y leO yny weithredoed, ac megys keneu lleO aruthur yny helua, y gOr a ladaOd llaOer or Flandraswyr ac ae gyrraOd ar ifo. MCLXXXVIII. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y doeth y b Sar- assinyeit ar IdeOon / y Gaerussalem gan dòyn y groc gantunt duO Merchur y LludO agoresgyn Kaerus- salem, a chymeint ac agaOssant o Gristonogyon yndi Had rei aOnaethant a dOyn ereill ygkeithiwet. Ac o achaOs hynny y kymerth Phylip vrenhin Ffreinc, a Henri nrenhin Lloegyr, ac 1 [Baldewýn] archescob Keint ac anneiryf o InossogrOyd Cristonogyon ac ar- Oydon Croes Crist arnunt. mclxxxix. 2 [Yn] y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Henri vrenhin, ac yny ol ynteu y coronet 3 Kickert y uab yn vrenhin y marehaOc goreu a gleOaf. Y ulOydyn honno y goresgynnaOd yr arglOyd Rys gastell 4 Seint Cler/ ac Aber Coran, a Llan YystyfFan. Yn y nlúydyn honno y clelit MaelgOn uab Rys 5 [lleufer a thegweh ac adwyndra atharyan achdernyt holl deheubarth ay rydit a 6 trayan b/ 7 Paganyeit ar Sarassinyeit 1 D. 2 J5. 3 Eichard, D. 4/ Seinther, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 235 of Cadwallon, was unjustly seized by his brothers, and his eyes were taken out of his head. And then Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 1 from the South' ravaged and burned Tenby ; — the man who was the a shield and strength of all the South ; for his fame was most manifest, and he was comely, and beloved by all ; though of middling size, he was fierce towards his enemies, amiable towards his friends, ready of gifts, victorious in war. And all the princes bordering upon him dreaded him, being like a lion in his actions, and like a dreadful lion's whelp in the chase — the man who slew many of the Flemings, and put them to flight. 1188. The ensuing year, the k Saracens and the Jews' came to Jerusalem, took possession of the Cross, on^ , Ash Wednesday, and subdued Jleruj^akm ; and of as ôc^L many Christians they found therein, they killed some, and took the others into captivity. And on that account Philip, king of France, and Henry, king of England, and 1 Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, with an innumerable host of Christians, took upon them the signs of the cross of Christ. 1189. 2 In the ensuing year king Henry died ; and J~à after him Richard his son was crowned king — the best and bravest knight. That year the lord Rhys took possession of the castles of 4 St. Clare' and Aber Corran and Llanstephan. In that year Maelgwn, son>ÍU "/ of Rhys, 5 the light and beauty and courtesy and (^ulsi^JL//^ shield and strength and liberty of all the South, and a 6 third part b ' 7 Pagans and Saracens 6 a 6 B. an. 236 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. arutlider y Saesson ymarchoc goreu eil Gwalchmei] y gan y dat drûy gyghor Rys y uraOt ac y carcharOyt. mcxc. Deg mlyned a phedwar ugein achant amil oed oet Crist pan aetli Phylip vrenhin Ffreinc, a 1 Rickert vrenhin Lloegyr ac 2 [Baldewŷn] archescob Keint a diruaOr luossogròyd o ieirll abarOneit y gyt ac Gynt y Gaerussalem. Y ulOydyn honno yd adeilaOd yr arglOyd Rys gastell Ketweli. Ac y bn uarO GOen- llian nerch Rys vlodeu a thegOch holl Gymry. MCXCI. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Gruff ud MaelaOr 3 [brenhin Powÿs] yr liaelaf o holl tywys- sogyon Kymry 4 [ac y Meivod y kladpwyd ef yn anrydeddus]. Y ulOydyn honno hefyt y bu uarO GOi- aOn escob Bangor gòr maOr y grefyd ae enryded ae deilygdaOt. Ac y bu diffyc ar yr heul. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO 5 [Baldewyn] archescob Keint. Ac yna y lias EinaOn or Porth y gan y vraOt. Ac y goresgynnaOd yr arglOyd Bys gastell 6 Niuer. Ac y bu uaró Owein 7 [ap Grufud] uab Bys yn Ystrat Flur. MCXCII. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y diehegis 8 MadaOc uab Rys o garchar 4 [Bys i dad] arglOyd BrecheinaOc. Ac y gorescynnaOd yr arglOyd Rys gastell °Llan y Hadein/ Ac y bu uarO Gruffud uab CadOgaOn. mcxciii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y delis neb un iarll 1 Rickert vrenhin Lloegyr ac ef yn dyuot o Gaerus- salem, ac y dodet ygkarchar yr amheraOdyr. A thros y ellygdaOt ef y bu diruaOr dreth dros Oyneb holl Loegyr y gymeint ac nat oed 10 yn helO 11 eglOysswyr na chrefydwyr nac eur nac aryant hyt yn oet y Richard, D. b. a d. 4 E. sB.C.D.E. 0 Dỳneinir, D. Dineuwr, E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 237 the terror of the Saxons, the best knight, second to Gwalchmai/ was seized by his father, by the advice of his brother Rhys, and was imprisoned. 1190. One thousand one hundred and ninety was the year of Christ, when Philip, king of France, and Richard, king of England, and 2 Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, with an immense multitude of earls ^ and barons, went to Jerusalem. That year the lord Rhys built the castle of Cydweli. And Gwenllian, Óía^*~*^£^4LL daughter of Rhys, died — the flower and ornament of all Wales. 1191. The ensuing year, Gruffudd Maelor, 3 king of Powys/ died — the most generous of all the princes of Wales — 4 and was honourably buried in Meivod/ That year also Gwion, bishop of Bangor, died — a man of great piety, and honour, and merit. And~ an 1l >Ua (t «> eclipse o f the sun occurred. The same year 5 Baldwin, 1 archbishop of Canterbury, died. And then Einon of y all Wales, and the hope and defence of all the tribes of the Britons — that man who was descended from the noblest line of kings, who was conspicuous for the extent of his race, and the energy of whose mind was assimilated with his race—- the counsellor of the nobility, hostile against tyrants, the safety of the sub- jects, combatant upon the walls, an inciter in the N7. 246 BRUT Y TYVVYSOGION. ffroOr yn ryfeloed, kyweirGr yny bydinoed ae reolOr, cOympOr y toruoed, ac megys baed neu leO yn ruthraO uelly y dywalei y greulonder yn y elynyon. Och am ogonyant yr ymladeu, taryan y marchogyon, ym- diffynn y wlat, tegùch arueu, breich y kedernit, llaO yr haelon, llygat y dosparth, echtyOynnOr yr aduOynder, uchelder maGrurytrOyd, defnyd grymusder. Eil Achel- arOy o nerth cledyr y dOyuron, Nestor o hynaOster, Tideus o leOder, Samson o gedernit, Ector o brudder, ErcOlf o wychter, Paris o vryt, Ulixes o lauar, Selyf 0 doethineb, Aiax o uedOl ; a grOndOal yr holl gampeu 1 [iiii. kl. Maii]. 2 [A llyma y gwerseu mydyr Lladin a wnaethpwyt pan vv varw yr arglwyd Rys : — Nobile Cambrensis cecidit dyadema decoris Hoc est Resus obit Cambria tota gemit Resus obit non foma perit sed gloria transit Cambrensis transit gloria, Resus obit Resus obit decus orbis abit laus quoque tepescit Ingeniitum vivit Cambria Resus obit. Semper Resus obit populo quo vivus amavit. Lugent corda tacent corpora, Resus obit. Resus obit vexilla cadunt regalia signa Hoc jam nulla levat dextera Resus obit. Resus obit ferrugo tegit galeam tegit ensem. Arma rubigo tegit Cambria Resus obit. Resus abest inimitus adest Resus quia non est Jam t . . nil prodest Cambria Resus abest. Resus obit populi plorant gaudent inimici. Anglia stat cecidit Cambria Resus obit. Ora rigant elegi cunctis mea fletibus isti. Cor ferit omne ducis dira sagitta necis THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 247 wars, the arranger and ruler of the troops, the over- thrower of hosts ; and as a boar or a lion rushes on- ward, so raged his cruelty among his foes. Alas! for the glory of battles, the shield of the knights, the de- fence of the country, the ornament of weapons, the arm of strength, the hand of the generous ones, the eye of discrimination, the illustrator of courtesy, the summit of magnanimity, the substance of energy ; like Achilles in the strength of his breast, Nestor in kindness, Ty- deus in bravery, Sampson in strength, Hector in pru- dence, Hercules 'in gallantry, 'Paris in beauty, Ulysses in speech, Solomon in wisdom, Ajax in mind, and the foundation of all the excellencies — 1 on the fourth of the calends of May/ 2 And here are the Latin metrical verses, which were composed when the lord Rhys died: — Nobile Cambrensis cecidit dyadema decoris, Hoc est Resus obit, Cambria tota gemit, Resus obit, non foma perit, sed gloria transit, Cambrensis transit gloria, Resus obit, Resus obit, decus orbis abit, laus quoque tepescit Ingeniitum vivit Cambria, Resus obit. Semper Resus obit populo quo vivus amavit. Lugent corda, tacent corpora, Resus obit. Resus obit, vexilla cadunt regalia signa, Hoc jam nulla levat dextera, Resus obit. Resus obit, ferrugo tegit galeam, tegit ensem. Arma rubigo tegit Cambria, Resus obit. Resus abest, inimitus adest, Resus quia non est Jam t . . nil prodest Cambria, Resus abest. Resus obit, populi plorant, gaudent inimici. Anglia stat, cecidit Cambria, Resus obit. Ora rigant elegi cunctis mea fletibus isti. Cor ferit omne ducis dira sagitta necis. a 248 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Omnis lingua canit Reso pra?conia nescit, Laudes insignis lingua tacere ducis. Ploratu plene vite laxantur habene, Meta datur meri laus sine fine duci. Non moritur sed subtraitur quia semper babetur Ipsuis egregium nomen in orbe novum. Camber Locrinus Reso rex Albaquenactus Nominis et laudis inferioris erant. Cesar et Arthurus leo fortis uterque sub armis Nil par vel similis Resus utrique fait. Resus Alexander duelli pari fuit alter Mundum substerni glistit uterque sibi. Occasus solis testus Resi fuit armis Seusit Alexandri solis in orbe manum. Laus canit . . . sancto cantet ab ommi Celi laus regis debita spiritui. Penna madet lacrimis quia scribit thema doloris Ne careat forma littera cesset ea. Llyma wedy hynny y gwerseu mydyr o Ladin y syd yn volyant ar y ved ef, ac a wnaethpwyt wedy daruot y gladu ef : — Grande decus tenet iste locus si cernitur ortus, Siquis sit finis queritur ecce cinis. Laudis amator honoris odor dulcedinis auctor, Resus in hoc tumulo conditur exiguo. Cesaries qui congeries solis radiorum Principis et facies vertitur in cineres. Hie tegitur sed detegitur quia fama perhenuis Non sinit illustrem voce latere ducem. Colligitur tumba cinis hac sed transvolat ultra Nobilitas claudi nestia fune brevi Wallia jam viduata dolet ruitur a dolore.] Gûedy marO yr arglûyd Rys y dynessaaOd Gruifud y vab yny ol yn y llywodraeth y kyuoeth yr hOnn adelis MaelgOn y vraOt pan doeth y dywededic VaelgOn wedy ryalltudaO kynno hynny oe gyfoeth ae wyr y THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 219 Omnis lingua canit Reso prseconia, nescit Laudes insignis lingua tacere ducis. Ploratu plene vite laxantur habene, Meta datur meri laus sine fine duci. Non moritur sed subtraitur, quia semper habetur Ipsuis egregium nomen in orbe novum. Camber Locrinus Reso rex Albaquenactus Nominis efc laudis inferioris erant. Cesar et Arthurus, leo fortis uterque sub armis, Nil par vel similis Resus utrique fuit. Resus Alexander duelli pari fuit alter, Mundum substerni glistit uterque sibi. Occasus solis testus Resi fuit armis, Sensit Alexandri solis in orbe manum. Laus canit . . . sancto cantet ab ommi Celi laus regis debita spiritui. Penna madet lacrimis quia scribit thema doloris Ne careat forma littera cesset ea. Here after that are the Latin metrical verses, which are in his praise on his tomb, and which were made after he had been buried : — Grande decus tenet iste locus, si cernitur ortus, Siquis sit finis queritur ecce cinis. Laudis amator honoris odor dulcedinis auctor, Resus in hoc tumulo conditur exiguo. Cesaries qui congeries solis radiorum Principis et facies vertitur in cineres. Hie tegitur, sed detegitur, quia fama perhennis Non sinit illustrem voce latere ducem. Colligitur tumba cinis hac, sed transvolat ultra Nobilitas claudi nestia fune brevi, Wallia jam viduata dolet, ruitur a dolore/ After the death of the lord Rhys, his son Gruffudd succeeded him in the government of the dominion, which was held by Maelgwn his brother, when the said Maelgwn, after being banished before from his 250 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. gyt ac ef, a theulu GûenóynOyn y gyt ac 6ynt hyt yn Aber YstOyth. A goreskyn y dref ar castell, a Had llaOer oe bobyl, a dúyn ereill ygkeitkiwet a goreskyn holl GeredigyaOn ae chestyll. A gûedy dala Gruffud y uraOt ydanuones y garchar GOenOynCyn. A hOnnG her- Oyd y ewyllys ae hanuones y garchar Saeson. Ac yna y goresgynnaOd GòenOynOyn ArOystli, ac y delis Llyw- elyn uab Iorwoerth 1 a Dauyd ab Owein GOyned. Y vlOydyn honno y bu uarO Owein KefeilaOc yn Ystrat Marchell 2 [y vynachloc a seiliodd ef e hun] wedy kyrnryt abit y crefyd ym danaO. Ac yna y bu uarú Owein ab Gruffud MaelaOr, ac Owein or Brithdir, a a HoOel uab Ieuaf 3 [ap Owein] a MaelgOn uab Kat- wallaOn a Vaelenyd. Y ulOydyn honno y delit Tra- hayarn Uychan o YrecheinaOc gúr arderchaOc bonhedic kadarn, b a nith yr arglOyd Rys yn briaOt idaO ' pan y ttoed yn dyuot drOy Lan Gors y lys 4 Wilim BreOys ' y arglOyd ac y gefynnOyt yn greulaOn. Ac yn Aber Hodni y llusgûyt Orth raOn meirch drOy yr heolyd hyt y crocwyd, ac yno y lias y benn ac y croget herwyd y draet ; ac ar ycrocwyd y bu tridieu : c wedy dianc y wreic ae vab ae vraOt ar ffo.' a 3 vab b/ 5 a nith verch chwaer ỳ Rýs ap Grufud ýn wreic briawt 6 a nith yr arglwyd Rys verch y chwaer yn wreic ydaw c ' 5 Ac ý dial ŷ vraut aÿ vab aý wreic, pan ÿw ýnỳ ford greulon ỳ divethawd. 1 Not in C. D. 3 a d. e. I 4/ William de Breusa, D. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 251 territory, came, accompanied by his men, and also by the family of Gwenwynwyn, to Aberystwyth, and subjugated the town and castle, killing many of the people, and carrying others into bondage, and taking possession of the whole of Ceredigion with its castles. And after seizing his brother Gruffudd, he sent him to the prison of Gwenwynwyn, who agreeably to his desire sent him to an English prison. And then Gwenwynwyn subjugated Arwystli, and captured Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth 1 and David son of Owain Gwynedd. That year, Owain Cyveiliog died at Ystrad Marchell, 2 the monastery which he himself had found- ed/ after putting on the habit of religion. And then died Owain, son of Gruffudd Maelor, and Owain of Brithdir, a and Howel, son of Ieuav, 3 son of Owain/ and Maelgwn, son of Cadwalader of Maelienydd. The same year, Trahaiarn the Little of Brecheiniog, an illus- trious, noble, and powerful man, b whose wife was niece of the lord Rhys/ was seized, when he was passing through Llangors to the court of William Bruse, and was cruelly fettered. And at Aberhodni he was dragged at the tails of horses through the streets to the scaf- fold ; there his head was cut off, and he was hanged by his feet, and remained on the gallows three days, c after his wife, his son, and his brother had escaped by flight/ a 3 son of b/ 5 whose wife was niece 3 sister's daughter, to Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 6 whose wife was niece to the lord Rhys, his sister's daughter, c ' 5 and it was to take revenge upon his brother, his son, and his wife, that he was destroyed in that cruel way. 252 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. MCXCVTII. Y vlOydyn rac wyneb y goreskynnaOd Maelgùn ab Rys Aber Teiui, 1 a chastell Ystrat Meuruc wedy m} 7 net Gruífud y uraOt yg karchar Saesson. Ac yna ydaeth coneint y COm Hir y bressOylaO y Gymer 2 [y Nannav y Meirionydd]. Y vlOydyn honno y goresgynnaOd y meibon ieuaf yr arglOyd Rys gastell DinefOr. Y ulOydyn honno 2 [ar ael gwyl Vair Yadlen] yd aruaethaGd GûenôynOyn geissaO talu y hen deilygdaOt yr Kymry, ae lien briodolder ae teruyneu. A göedy kytsynyaO ac ef ar hynny holl dywyssogyon Kyinry kynullaO diruaOr lu aoruc ; a mynet y ymlad a chastell Paen. A gOedy bot yn ymlad ac ef 3 [heb na bliviav na magneleu] deir Oythnos hayach heb wybot y damwein rac llaO. A phan Oybu y Saesson hynny gellOg awnaethant Rufud uab Rys aoed ygkarchar y gantnnt a chyn- ullaO kedernit Lloegyr y gyt ac ef ar vedyr hedychu ar Kymry. Ac yna ny mynnaùd y Kymry hedûch y gan y Saeson namyn gOedy caffael y castell, bygyth- yaO awnaethant losgi y dinassoed a dòyn y hanreitheu. A heb diodef or Saeson hynny Oynt ae kyrchassant, ac yny vrOydyr gyntaf ae kymellassant ar fib drOy wneuthur diruaOr aerua o nadunt. Ac yna y lias AnaraOt 2 [ap Einiawn] a ab Owein ab KadOallaOn, a Ridit ab Iestyn, a 4 Rodri nab Howel, ac y delit Maredud nab Kynan ac y carcharòyt. Ac uelly y denth y Saesson drachefyn drOy uudugolyaeth wedy y kyuoethogi o yspeil y Kymry. Y vlOydyn honno a 2 ac 1 D. is imperfect here. I 2 C. E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 253 1198. The ensuing year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, took Aberfceivi 1 and the castle of Ystrad Meurug, after his brother GrufFudd had gone into an English prison. And then the convent of Cwm Hir removed, to settle at Cymmer, 2 in Nannau of Meirionydd/ That year, the youngest sons of the lord Rhys took possession of the castle of Dinevwr. The same year, 2 near the feast of St. Mary Magdalen/ Gwenwynwyn meditated endeavouring the restoration of their ancient rights to the Welsh, their original property, and their boundaries. And when all the princes of Wales had agreed with him thereon, he collected a vast army, and proceeded to attack Pain's castle ; and after he had fought against it, 3 without projectiles and engines of war/ for nearly three weeks, he was ignorant of the future issue. When the English had intelligence of that, they liberated GrufFudd, son of Rhys, whom they had in prison, and collected the strength of England to accompany him, with the intention of pacifying the Welsh. And then the Welsh would not accept peace of the English, but, after obtaining the castle, they threatened to burn the towns, and carry off their spoils ; and the English, not brooking that, attacked them, and in the first battle put them to flight, making a vast slaughter of them. And then Anarawd, 2 son of Einon/ a son of Owain, son of Cadwallon, and Rhirid, son of Iestin, and Rhodri, son of Howel, were slain, and Maredudd, son of Cynan, was taken and imprisoned. And thus the English returned again victoriously, after being en- riched with the spoils of the Welsh. That year, a' 2 and E. I 4 Rotpert, C. E. 254 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. y goreskynnaOd Gruffud uab Rys yn OraOl yran oe gyuoeth y gan VaelgOn y vraOt eithyr deu gastell nyt amgen Aber Teivi ac Ystrat Meuruc. Ar neill o nadunt nyt amgen Aber Teivi a tygaOd MaelgOn ucli benn amryvaelon greireu yggOyd myneich Cedy kymryt gOystlon y gan Rufud dros hedOch y rodei y castell, ar gOystlon y gy t yn oet dyd y Ruffud. Ar 110 hOnnO a dremygaOd ef heb rodi nar castell nar gOystlon. DOywaOl nerth eissoes a rydliaaOd y gOystlon o garchar GOenOynOyn. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO Pyrs escob MynyO. mcxcix. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y goresgynnaOd MaelgOn uab Rys gastell Dineirth a adeilassei Ruffud uab Rys, a chymeint ac a gauas yno o wyr Had rei awnaeth a cliarcharu ' ereill. Ac yna y goresgynnaOd Gruffud ab Rys drOy dOyll gastell Kil Gerran. Y vlOydyn honno ual yd oed Rickert urenhin Lloegyr yn ymlad achas- tell neb un uarOn aoed Orth Oyneb idaO y brathOyt a chOarel, ac or bratli hOnnO y bu uarO. Ac yna y drychafOyt Ieuan y uraOt yn vrenhin. MCC. Deucant mlyned a mil oed oet Crist pan vu uarO Gruffud uab Kynan ab OOein yn Aber ConOy wedy kymryt abit y creuyd ymdanaO. 1 [Y gwr a oed atnabodedic gan bawb o ynys Brydein o achaws lielaethrwyd y rodyon ag hynawster ay dayoni ac nyt ryued kanys tra vo byw y gwyr y syd yr awr honn wynt a goffhant y glot ay volyant ay weith- redoed]. Y vlOydyn honno y gúerthaúd MaelgOn uab Rys Aber Teiui a UaOed holl Gymry yr ychydic werth y Saeson rac ofyn ac o gas Gruffud y uraOt. Y ulOydyn honno y grOn'dwalOyt 2 [Madoc ap Gruffydd THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 255 Gruffudd, son of Rhys, manfully got possession of his share of his territory from Maelgwn his brother, except- ing two castles, namely, Aberteivi and Ystrad Meurug. As to one of them, namely, Aberteivi, Maelgwn swore upon several relics, in the presence of monks, after taking hostages for peace from Gruffudd, that he would deliver up the castle and hostages together to Gruffudd on a fixed day. And that oath he disre- garded, giving up neither the castle nor the hostages ; divine power, nevertheless, set the hostages free from the prison of Gwenwynwyn, That year, Pyrs, bishop of Menevia, died. 1199. The ensuing year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, got possession of the castle of Dineirth, which Gruf- fudd, son of Rhys, had built ; and of the men he found there some he slew, and others he imprisoned. And then Gruffudd, son of Rhys, possessed himself, through treachery, of the castle of Cilgerran. That year, as Richard, king of England, was fighting against the castle of a certain baron, who was opposed to him, he was wounded by an arrow, and of that wound he died ; and then his brother John was ad- vanced to be king. 1200. One thousand two hundred was the year of Christ, when Gruffudd, son of Cynan, son of Owain, /\^^ died, after taking upon him the religious habit, at ^ Aberconway, — 1 the man who was known by all in y~e*S£- the isle of Britain for the extent of his gifts, and his kindness and goodness ; and no wonder, for as long as the men who are now shall live, they will re- member his renown, and his praise, and his deeds/ In that year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, sold Aberteivi, the key of all Wales, for a trifling value, to the English, for fear of and out of hatred to his brother Gruffudd. The same year, 2 Madog, son of Gruffudd 8 E. 256 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Maelor] manachlaOc Lenegwestyl 1 [yn ol yr hen groes] yn IaL mcci. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y goresgynnaOd Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth gantref Llyyn wedy gOrthlad Maredud ab Kynan o achaOs y dòyll. Y ulOydyn honno nos wyl SulgOyn ydaefch cofeint Ystrat Fflur yr eglOys newyd a adeilyssit o aduOynweith. Ychydic wedy hynny ygkylch gOyl Bedyr a PhaOl y lias Maredud uab Rys gOas ieuane aduOyn campus 2 [yn aruthder y wy elynyon karyat y gyueillyon megys lluchaden o dan y rwng toruoed aruawc gobeith y Delieuwyr ag- orouyn Lloegyr anryded y kaeroed athegwch y byt] YgkarnywyllaOn a 2 [Gruffud y vrawt aorysgynnawd] e gastell ynteu yn Llan ym Dyfri. Ar cantref yd oed yndaO a oresgynnaOd Gruffud y uraOt. Ac yny lie wedy hynny wyl Iago Ebostol y bu uarò Gruffud ab Rys yn Ystrat Fflur, wedy kymryt abit y crefyd ymdanaO, ac yno y cladûyt. Y ulOydyn honno y crynaOd y dayar Ygkaerussalem. mccii. Y ulwydyn rac Oyneb y gOrthladOyt Maredud ab Kynan o Yeironnyd y gan Howel ab Gruffud y nei ab y uraOt ac yd yspeilOyt yn llOyr eithyr y varch. Y ulOydyn honno yr Oythuet dyd gOedy DuO GOyl Bedyr a PhaOl yd ymladaOd y Kymry a chastell GOerthrynyaOn aoed eidaO Rosser Mortymer ac y kymhellassant y castellwyr y rodi y castell kyn penn yr Oythnos, ac y llosgassant ef hyt y prid. Y vlOydyn honno amgylch gOyl TJeir gyntaf yny kynhayaf y kyffroes Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth lu o Powys y 1 E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 257 Maelor/ founded the monastery of Llanegwestl, 1 near the old cross/ in Yale. 1201. The ensuing year, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, subdued the cantrev of Lleyn, having expelled Mar- edudd, son of Cynan, on account of his treachery. That year, on the eve of Whitsunday, the monks of Strata Florida came to the new church ; which had been erected of splendid workmanship. A little while afterwards, about the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, Maredudd, son of Rhys, an extremely courteous young man, 2 the terror of his enemies, the love of his friends, being like a lightning of fire between armed hosts, the hope of the South Wales men, the dread of England, the honour of the cities, and the ornament of the world/ was slain at Carnwyllon ; and 2 Gruf- fudd, his brother, took possession of ' his castle at Llanymddyvri. And the cantrev, in which it was situated, was taken possession of by Gruffudd, his brother. And immediately afterwards, on the feast * of St. James the Apostle, Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 2 J /UÀ^ died at Strata Florida, after having taken upon him . - f- ~ the religious habit ; and there he was buried. That , year, there was an earthquake at Jerusalem. ■ /2o[ m 1202. The ensuing year, Maredudd, son of Cynan, was expelled from Meirionydd, by Howel, son of Gruffudd, his nephew, son of his brother, and was despoiled of every thing but his horse. That year, the eighth day after the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, the Welsh fought against the castle of Gwerth- rynion, which was the property of Roger Mortimer, and compelled the garrison to deliver up the castle, before the end of a fortnight, and they burned it to the ground. That year, about the first feast of St. Mary in the autumn, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 2 a R 258 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. darestOg GOenOynOyn idaO ac y oresgynn y Olat. Kanys kynn bei agos GOenOynOyn idaO o gerennyd, gelyn oed idaO herGyd gOeithredoed. Ac ar hynt y gelûis attaO y tyOyssogyon ereill aoedynt gereint idaO y ymaruoll ar ryfelu y gyt yn erbyn GOenOynOyn. A gòedy gGybot o Elisy ab Madawc 1 [ap Meredudd] liynny ymOrthod aOnaeth ar ymaruoll yggGyd paOb. Ac oe holl ynni aruaethu aônaeth wneuthwr hedûch a GOenOynOyn. Ac am hynny wedy hedychu o eglOyssGyr a chrefydwyr y rOg GOenOynOyn a LlyOelyn a digyfoethet Elisy 1 [ap Madoc i ewythr]. Ac yn y diwed y rodet idaO ygkardaOt y ymborth gastell 2 [Krogen] a seith tref bychein y gyt ac ef. Ac uelly gOedy goresgyn castell y Bala yd ymchoelaOd Llywelyn drachefyn yn hyfryt. Y ulOydyn honno amgylch gOyl Uihangel y goresgyn- naOd teulu Rys ieuanc ab Gruffud ab yr arglOyd Rys gastell Llan Ymdyfri. mcciii. Y nlOydyn rac Oyneb y goresgynnaOd Rys ieuanc 1 [ap Gruffudd] gastell Llan EgOat. Ac yna y bu uarO Dauyd ab Owein yn Lloegyr wedy y dehol o Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth o Gymry. a Y ulOyd}m bonno y goresgynnaOd GOenOynOyn a MaelgOn ab Rys a 7 3 Yny vlwyddyn honn yr ynillwyd kastell Llan Ymddyfri a chastell Llan Gadoc i ar Yaelgwn ap Rys a Gwenwynwyn ap Owein Kyveilioc. Ynyr un amser y gorffennodd Maelgwn ap Rys gastell Dinerth. j 2 a e. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 259 raised an army from Powys, to bring Gwenwynwyn under his subjection, and to possess the country. For though Gwenwynwyn was near to him as to kindred, he was a foe to him as to deeds. And on his march he called to him all the other princes, who were related to him, to combine in making war together against Gwenwynwyn. And when Elise, son of Madog, 1 son of Maredudd/ became acquainted therewith, he refused to combine in the presence of all ; and with all his energy he endeavoured to bring about a peace with Gwenwynwyn. And therefore, after the clergy and the religious had concluded a peace between Gwenwynwyn and Llywelyn, the ter- ritory of Elise, 1 son of Madog, his uncle/ was taken from him. And ultimately there was given him for maintenance, in charity, the castle 2 of Crogen/ with seven small townships. And thus, after conquering the castle of Bala, Llywelyn returned back happily. That year, about the feast of St. Michael, the family of young Rhys, son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys, obtained possession of the castle of Llanym- ddyvri. 1203. The ensuing year, young Rhys, 1 son of Gruf- fudd/ subdued the castle of Llanegwad. And then died David, son of Owain, in England, after having been banished out of Wales by Llywelyn, son of lor- werth. a That year Gwenwynwyn, and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, by devices got possession of the castle of a ' 3 In that year, the castle of Llanymddyvri and the castle of Llangadog were won from Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and Gwenwynwyn, son of Owain Cyveiliog. At the same time Maelgwn, son of Rhys, completed the castle of Dinerth. R 2 260 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. drOy dychymygyon gastell Llan ym Dyfri, a cliastell Llan GadaOc ; ac y cOplaOyfc castell Dineirth/ MCCIV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y brathOyt Howel Seis ab yr arglwyd Rys yg Kemeis drOy dOyll y gan wyr MaelgOn y vraOt, ac or brath hOnnO y bu uarO, ac y cladOyt yn Ystrat Flur, yn unwed a Grufud y vraOt, wedy kymryt abit y crefyd ymdanaO. Y vlOyclyn honno y colles MaelgOn ab Rys aìlwedeu y holl gyf- oeth. Nyt amgen Llan Ymdyfri a DinefOr. Kanys meibon y vraOt ae hennillaOd arnaO yn OraóL Y ulGy- dyn honno y deutli GOilim Marsgal adiruaOr lu gantaO y ymlad a Chil Gerran, ac y goresgynnaOd. MCCV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Hubert arcli- escob Keint, y gOr aoed a lygat yr pab a phenn prelat holl Loegyr. Y ulOydyn honno y peris MaelgOn uab Rys b y dyd kyntaf or gOedieu yr haf 7 y neb un Oydel c AbOell lad Kediuor ab 1 GrifFri, gOr da aduOyn ae pedwar arderchogyon veibon gyt ac ef a hanhoed- ynt o dylyedaOc voned. Kanys y mam oed Susanna verch Howel 2 [ap Ievaf ], o uerch MadaOc uab Mar- edud 2 [ap Bleddyn ap Kynvyn]. mccvi. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y deuth Ieuan gar- dinal hyt yn Lloegyr, ac y kynnullaOd attaO holl escyb ac abadeu Lloegyr, ac aneiryf o egiOysOyr a chrefydwyr Orth wneuthyr sened. Ac yny sened honno y kadarnhaaOd kyfreith yr eglOys drOy yr holl a 3 legat b/ 3 duw Llun kynn difyeu Kyfarchauel c 3 abwyall 1 Gruffydd, C. I 2 E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 261 Llanymddyvri, and the castle of Llangadog ; and the castle of Dineirth was completed/ 1204 The ensuing year, Howel the Saxon, son of the lord Rhys, was stabbed at Cemaes, through trea- chery, by the men of Maelgwn, his brother, of which stab he died, and was buried at Strata Florida, in the same manner as his brother Gruffudd, after having taken upon him the habit of religion. That year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, lost the keys of all his domi- nion, to wit, Llanymddyvri and Dinevwr ; for the sons of his brother Gruffudd manfully won them from him. The same year, William Marshall came with a vast army to fight against Cilgerran, which he subdued. 1205. The ensuing year, Hubert, archbishop of Can- terbury, died, — the man who was the a eye of the pope, and the head prelate of all England. That year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, b on the first day of Rogations in the summer/ instigated a certain Irish- man, c Abwell, to kill Cedivor, son of 1 Griffri, a good benign man, and his four noble sons with him, who were descended of honourable lineage ; for his mother was Susannah, daughter of Howel, 2 son of Ieuav/ by a daughter of Madog, son of Maredudd, 2 son of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn/ 1206. The ensuing year, cardinal John arrived in England, and collected all the bishops and abbots of England, with innumerable churchmen and religious persons, to hold a senate; and in that senate he con- firmed the church law through the whole kingdom. a 3 legate b ' 8 on the Monday before Ascension Thursday, c 3 with an axe 262 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. deyrnas. Y ulOydyn honno y gOnaeth MaelgOn ab Rys gastell Aber EinaOn. Ac yna y rodes DuO amyl- der o byscaOt yn Aber YstOyth yn gymeint ac nabu y kyfryO kynno hynny. mccvii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y gOahardOyt y Gristonogaeth y gan y pab yn holl teyrnas Loeger o achaOs gOrthOynebu o leuan vrenliin etholedigaeth archescob Keint. Y ulOydyn honno y gOrthladaOd leuan vrenhin Wilim BreOys a GOilim ieuanc y vab ae gOraged ae hOyron o gyghoruynt aclias hyt yn Iwerdon drOy amarch a chollet ar yr eidunt. Y ulOydyn honno y delis y brenhin WenOynOyn yn Am- Oythic. Ac y goresgynnaOd Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth y holl gyfoeth ae gestyll ae lyssoed. A phan Oybu UaelgOn ab Rys hynny rac ofyn Llywelyn ab Ior- woerth y byryaOd gastell Ystrat Meuruc yr llaOr a llosgi Dineirth ac Aber YstOyth. Ac nyt edewis eìssoes Lywelyn y aruaeth namyn dyfot a Onaeth hyt yn Aber YstOyth ae hadeilat, achymryt cantref Pen- wedic idaO ehun, a rodi dryll arall o GeredigyaOn vch Ayron y veibon Gruffud ab Rys y nyeint. Y vlOydyn honno y goresgynnaOd Rys Yychan uab yr arglOyd Eys gastell Llan GadaOc, heb goffau yr amot awnaethoed ae nyeint pan rodyssynt idaO gastell DinefOr. MCCVIII. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb yd ymladaOd Rys ac Owein meibon GruiFud a chastell Llan GadaOc ac y llosgassant gan lad rei or kastellwyr a charcharu ereilL MCCIX. 1 [Blwydyn wedy hynny] y vlOydyn honno ydaeth leuan urenhin a diruaOr lu gantaO hyt yn Iwerdon, ac y due y ar ueibon Hu Dylasai y tir THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 263 That year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, constructed the castle of Abereinion. And then God bestowed an abundance of fish at Aberystwyth, so much that the like had not been before. 1207. The ensuing year, Christianity was interdicted / { ^ by the pope in the whole kingdom of England, be- > cause king J ohn had opposed the election of the arch- bishop of Canterbury. That year, king John banished William Bruse, and young William, his son, with their wives and grandsons, to Ireland, out of jealousy and hatred, to their disrespect and loss of property. The same year, the king seized Gwenwynwyn at Shrewsbury ; and Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, took pos- session of all his territory, his castles, and his courts. And when Maelgwn, son of Rhys, became acquainted therewith, from fear of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, he razed the castle of Ystrad Meurug to the ground, and ~t*"/'&s-?~á burned Dineirth and Aberystwyth. But Llywelyn did not desist from his purpose ; for he came to Aber- ^ vCyt&f ystwyth and repaired it, and took the cantrev of ^L/A^^ ( ^» ^ <_^Penwedig to himself, giving other portion of ^ve Aeron to k+H^nenhewiV the sons ■ Ceredigion hbove_A&ron tq tó^jiephews, the sons of £ (luỳ ^ ' ~ < Gr\rludd^son of Rhys. That year, Rhys the Little, ^ a^J** son of the lord Rhys, took possession of the castle of V ? Llangadog, without regarding the agreement which he had made with his nephews, when they delivered to him the castle of Dinevwr. - 1208. The ensuing year, Rhys and Owain, sons of Y f g ^ ^ Gruffudd, attacked the castle of Llangadog, which ^ J , they burned, killing some of the garrison, and impri- soning others. fr^n ^yi^^ 1209. 1 A year after that/ the same year, king John A q^/ @ went with an immense army into Ireland ; and he took/ ' from the sons of Hugh de Lacy their land and their » a 264 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ae a kestyll. A gOedy kymryt gOrogaeth y gan baOb o Iwerdon, a dala gOreic Wiliam Brewys a GOilim ieuanc y uab ae wreic ae vab ae verch yd ym- choelaOd y Loegyr yn enrydedus. Ac yna y lladaOd ef Wilim ieuanc ae nam o anrugaraOc agheu yg- kastell Windylsor. Y ulOydyn honno yd adeilaOd iarll Kaer Lleon gas tell DeganOy, yr liOnn a dorryssei Lywelyn uab Iorwoerth kynno hynny rac ofyn y brenhin. Ac yna hefyd yd adeilaOd y iarll hOnnG gastell 1 TerfynnaOn, ac y diffeithaOd Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth gyfoeth y iarll hOnnO. Ac yna gkedy hedycliu o Rys h Gryc ar brenhin, clrOy nerth y bren- hin y goresgynnaOd gastell Llan Ymdyfri. Kanys y castellwyr wedy annobeithaO o bop ford a rodassant y castell, ac un amOs ar bymthec yndaO duO gOyl Ueir y Medi drOy amot kael or castellwyr y kyrff a phob peth or eidynt yn iach. Y ulOydyn honno amgylch gOyl Andras y goresgynnaOd GOenOynOyn y gyfoeth drachefyn drOy nerth Ieuan urenhin. O lew- enyd hynny yd hedychaûd MaelgOn ab Rys ar brenhin heb goffau y 116 ar aruoll a vuassei y rygtaO a Rys ac Owein raeibon Gruffud ab Rys y nyeint, kynnullaO diruaòr lu o Ffreinc a Chymry y rygtaO a Phenwedic ac y doeth hyt Ygkil Kennin, ac yno pebyllyaO aoruc. Ac yna y kynullaOd R}^s ac Owein meibon Gruffud trychanOr o etholedigyon deuluoed a hyt nos kyrchu llu MaelgOn aorùgant a Had llawer a dala ereill agyrru y dryll arall ar ffo. Ac yny urOydyr honno a 2 chastell. b 3 Yychan 1 TrerfynnaOn, JE. J 2 E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 265 a castles. After receiving homage of all in Ireland, and capturing the wife of William Bruse, and young Wil- liam, his son, with his wife and his son and daughter, he returned with honour to England. He then put young William and his mother unmercifully to death ^ in the castle of Windsor. That year, the earl of C/We^ íy^ Caerleon built the castle of Dyganwy, which Llyw- clyn, son of Iorwerth, had previously demolished, for fear of the king. -And then also, that earl built the castle of Holywell ; and Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, ravaged the territory of that earl. And then, after Khys Mhe Hoarse 7 had made his peace with the king, he by the king's assistance obtained possession of the castle of Llanymddy vri ; for the garrison, after de- Ji { ^^^. e^> spairing in every way, surrendered the castle, with ^ sixteen steeds in it, on the feast day of_St^ Mary in q Sajyf-- September, under an agreement that the ~garrison ' should have their bodies safe, with every thing be- longing to them. That year, about the feast of St. Andrew, Gwenwynwyn repossessed himself of his do- minion, by the assistance of king John. Out of joy thereat, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, made peace with the king, without regarding the oath and engagement that existed between him and Rhys, and Owain, his nephews, the sons of GrufTudd, son of Rhys ; and he collected a vast army of French and Welsh, directing his course towards Penwedig, and came to Cilcenin, where he encamped. And then, Rhys and Owain, the sons of GrufTudd, collected three hundred men /\^. out of select families, who by night attacked the army of Maelgwn, killed many, captured others, and put the remainder to flight. And in that battle, a 2 castle. b' 3 the Little 3 C.E. 266 BKUT Y TYWYSOGION. ydelit 1 Kynan ab' Howel nei MaelgOn, a Gruifud ab 2 Kynan penn kyghorOr MaelgOn, ac y lias EinaOn ab CradaOc ac aneiryf o rei ereill. Ac yna y diegis MaelgOn ar y draet yn íFo yn waratwydus. Y ulOy- dyn lionno y cadarnhaaGd 3 [Gelart] synyscal Kaer Loy6 gastell Buellt, wedy Had or Kymry lawer oe wyr kyn no hynny. Y vlOydyn lionno 3 [gwyl Domas verthr] y bu uarû Mahallt y Brewys mam meibon Gruffudd uab Rys yn Llan Badarn VaOr, wedy kym- ryt kymun a chyffes a phenyt ac abit y crefyd ac y cladOyt y gyt ae gOr priaùt yn Ystrat Fflur. mccx. Deg mlyned a deucant a mil oed oet Crist pan due Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth greulonyon gyrcheu am benn y Saeson, ac am hynny y llidyaGd Ieuan urenhin, ac aruaethu aOnaeth digyfoethi Llywelyn o gObyl. A chynullaG diruaOr In aoruc tn a GOyned ar nedyr y distryO oil. A chyt ae lu ef y dyfynnaOd attaO hyt Ygkaer Lleon hynn o dywyssogyon Kymry; GOenúynöyn o Powys, a Howel ab Gruffud ab Kynan 4 [° Wynedd], a MadaOc ab Grufud MaelaOr, a Mar- ednd ab Rotbert o Gedewin, a MaelgOn a Rys a Gryc meibon yr arglOyd Bys. Ac yna y mudaOd Llyw- elyn ae giwtaût y perued y Glat ae da hyt yn mynyd Eryri, a chiOtaOt Von ae da yn vnffunyt. Ac yna y daeth y brenhin ae lu hyt yg kastell DeganOy. Ac yno y bu kymeint eisseu bOyt ar y llu ac y a 3 Vychan 1 Not in E. [ 2 Kadwgon ; C.E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 267 1 Cynan, son of ' Howel, nephew to Maelgwn, and Gruffudd, son of 2 Cynan, Maelgwn's chief counsellor, were captured ; and Einon, son of Caradog, and an immense number of others, were slain. And then, Maelgwn disgracefully fled, escaping on foot. That year, 3 Gelart, seneschal of Gloucester, fortified the castle of Buellt, after the Welsh had previously killed many of his men. That year, 3 on the feast of St. Thomas the Martyr/ Mahalt de Bruse, the mother of the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, died at Llanbadarn ^ *^ eJÌ 7^jỳ the Great, after receiving the communion, and con- ^ ^/^_ ^ j , fession, and penance, and the habit of religion, and ^_ ^ was buried with her husband at Strata Florida. ^u^^^r- 1210. One thousand two hundred and ten was the A ) Cl_f / f year of Christ, when Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, made . cruel attacks upon the English ; and on that account king John became enraged, and formed a design of entirely divesting Llywelyn of his dominion. And he collected a vast army towards Gwynedd, with the view of utterly destroying it. And to join his army, he Summoned to him at Caerleon these princes of Wales ; — Gwenwynwyn of Powys, and Howel, son of Gruf- fudd; .son of Cynan, 4 of Gwynedd/ and Madog, son of Gruffudd Maelor, and Maredudd, son of Robert, of Cydewain, and Maelgwn, and Rhys a the Hoarse/ the sons of ; the lord Rhys. And thereupon, Llywelyn moved with his forces into the middle of the country, and his property to the mountain of Eryri ; and the forces of Mona, with their property, in the same manner. Then the king with his army came to the castle of Dyganwy. And there the army was in so great a want of provisions, that an egg was sold a' 3 the Little C.JS. 268 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. gOerthit yr 6y yr keinaOc a dimei, a gOled uoethus oed gantunt gael kic y meirch. Ac am hynny yd ymchoelaOd y brenhin y Loegyr amgylch y SulgOyn ae neges yn amherfTeith, wedy colli yn waradOydus laOer oe wyr ac oe da. A gOedy hynny amgylch calan AOst yd ymchoelaOd y brenhin y Gymry yn greulonach y vedOl ac yn vúy y lu. Ac adeilat llawer o gestyll YggOyned a wnaeth. A thròy auon GonOy ydaeth tu a mynyd Eryri. Ac annoc rei oe lu a wnaeth y losgi Bangor. Ac yno y delit Botbert escob Bangor yny eglOys, ac y gOerthOyt wedy hynny yr deu cant hebauc. Ac yna heb allel o Lywelyn diodef creulonder y brenhin drOy gyghor y wyrda yd anuones y wreic at y brenhin yr honn oed verch yr brenhin y wneuthur hedOch y rygtaO ar brenhin pa ffuryf bynhac y gallei. A gOedy cafFel o Lywelyn cliogelrOyd y uynet att y brenhin ac y dyuot ef aaeth attaO ac ahedychaOd ac ef drOy rodi gOystlon yr brenhin o vonhecligyon y wlat, ac vgein mil o warthec a deugein emys ; a chanhattau hefyt yr brenhin y berued wlat yn dragywydaùl. Ac yna yd hedychaOd ar brenhin holl dywyssogyon Kymry, eithyr Rys ac Owein meibon GrufTud ab Bys, ac yd ym- choelaOd y brenhin y Loegyr drOy diruaOr lewenyd yn uudugaOl. Ac yna y gorchymynnaOd ef yr tywys- sogyon hjamy gymryt ygyt ac Oynt holl lu Morgan- nOc a Dyuet, a Bys Gryc, a MaelgOn ab Bys ae lluoed, amy net am benn meibon Bys ab GrufTud ab Bys y gymell arnunt y dyuot y laO, neu gilyaO ar dehol or holl deyrnas. Ac yna y kymhellaOd syn- yscal Kaer Dyf, gOr a oed dywyssaOc ar y llu, a Bys a MaelgOn meibon yr arglOyd Bys y lluoed ae kedernit achyrchu Pennwedic awnaethant. A gwedy na allei Bys ac Owein meibon GrufTud ymerbynyeit ar ueint allu Ii0nn0 ; ac nat oed le ryd udunt yg THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 2G9 for a penny halfpenny ; and it was a delicious feast to them to get horse fiesh ; and on that account the king returned to England about Whitsuntide, with his errand imperfect, after disgracefully losing many of his men and much property. After that, about the calends of August, the king returned to Wales, his mind being more cruel and his army larger, and he built many castles in Gwynedd. And he proceeded over the river Conway towards the mountain of Eryri, and incited some of his troops to burn Bangor. And there Robert, bishop of Bangor, was seized in his church, and was afterwards ransomed for two hundred hawks. Then Llywelyn, being unable to bear the cruelty of the king, by the advice of his liege men, sent his wife, who was daughter of the king, to the king, to make peace between him and the king, in any man- ner she might be able. After Llywelyn had obtained safe conduct to go to and from the king, he went to him and made his peace with him, by delivering hostages to the king of the nobles of the country, with twenty thousand cattle, and forty steeds, and consigning also the midland district to the king for ever. And thereupon all the Welsh princes, except Ehys and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, made .peace with the king ; and the king returned victoriously, and with extreme joy, to England. And then, the king commanded those princes to take with them all the troops of Morganwg and Dyved, with Rhys the Hoarse, and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and their forces, and to go against the sons of Rhys, son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, to compel them to surrender themselves into his hands, or to retire into banishment out of all the kingdom. And then the seneschal of Cardiff, the man who was the leader of the army, and Rhys, and Maelgwn, sons of the lord Rhys, urged their troops and their strength, and repaired to Penwedig. And since Rhys and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, could not withstand a power of that magnitude, and there 270 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Kymry y gyrchu idaO anuon kenadeu aorugant at FfaúcOn y wneuthur y hedOch. A hedychu ac ef awnaethant, a chanhattau awnaethant yr brenhin y kyfoeth rOg Dyfi ac Aeron, ac adeilat aoruc FfaOcOn gastell yr brenhin yn Aber YstOyth. Ac yna yd aeth Rys ac Owein meibon GrufFud ar gOndit FfaOc- Cnn y lys y brenhin, ae kyinryt aoruc y brenhin yn gyfeillon idaO. A thra yttoedynt hOy yn mynet y lys y brenhin, ediuarhau aoruc MaelgOn uab Rys a Rys Gryc y uraOt y hamodeu ar brenhin, a chyrchu aOnaethant am benn y castell newyd yn Aber Yst- Oyth ae dorri. A phan doeth Rys ac Owein veibon Gruffud ab Rys o lys y brenhin wedy hedychu ac ef kyrchu awnaethant Is Aeron cyuoeth MaelgOn a uab Rys' a Had allosgi ac anreithaO y kyuoeth aOnaethant. Ac yno y lias gOas ieuanc da deOr oed hOnnO 1 [Gruffydd ap Ivor, ac y bu varw Mredudd ap Karadoc]. mccxi. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb wedy na allei Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth dywyssaOc GOyned diodef y genifer sarhaet awnaei wyr y brenhin idaO a edewyssit yn y castell newyd 2 [yn Aber Konwy], ymaruoll aoruc a thywyssogyon Kymry nyt amgen GOenOynOyn a MaelgOn ab Rys, a MadaOc ab Gruflud MaelaOr, a Maredud ab Rotbert ; a chyfodi aoruc yn erbyn y brenhin, a goresgyn yr holl gestyll aOnaethoed yg GOyned eithyr DeganOy a Rudlan Marthaual ym Powys a wnathoed Robert VepOnt hOnnO aoreskyn- nassant. A phan oedynt T yn goresgyn hOnnO y doeth y brenhin a diruaOr lu y gyt ac ef y gOrth- »' 2 a Rys Gryc í a THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 271 was not a place open for them in Wales to repair to, they sent messengers to Foulke, to bring about a peace. p-j ^4 And they made peace with him; and they consented * f that the king should have the territory between the ✓^U £ Dyvi and ^Aeron^ and Foulke built a castle for the A^^knig at Aberystwyth. And then, Rhys and Owain, ^ the sons of Gruffudd, went, under the safe conduct of Foulke, to the court of the king ; and the king received them as friends. And whilst they were repairing to the king's court, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and his brother Rhys the Hoarse, repented of their terms with the king, and made an attack upon the new castle at Aberystwyth, and demolished it. And when Rhys and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, re- turned from the king's court, after making their peace with him, they entered Lower Aeron, the territory of Maelgwn, a son of Rhys/ and killed and burned and ravaged in the district. And there a good and brave young man was slain, 1 Gruffudd, son of Ivor ; and Maredudd, son of Caradog, died/ 1211. The ensuing year, as Llywe'lyn, son of lor- / f% /t^ werth, prince of Gwynedd, could not brook the many insults done to him by the men of the king, who had been left in the new castle 2 at Aberconway/ he con- federated with the Welsh princes, namely, Gwenwyn- wyn, and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and Madog, son of Gruffudd Maelor, and Maredudd, son of Robert ; and rose against the king, subduing all the castles which he had made in Gwynedd, except Dyganwy and Rhuddlan ; Mathraval, in Powys, made by Robert t^t ^cL^&i *\ / a^C Yepont, they subdued/ and whilst they were reducing 3 yy^ that, the king, with a vast army, came to oppose ^ / a ' 2 and Rhys the Hoarse E. 272 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOX. lad ac ef elmn athan ae llosges. Y ulóydyn honno y croges Robert YepOnt yn AmOythic Rys ab Mael- g6n aoed yg gûystyl y gan y brenhin, heb y not yn seitìi mlòyd etto. Ac yny nlOydyn honno y bn uarò Robert escob Bangor. MGCXII. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bn nròydyr ynyr Yspaen y ròg y Cristonogyon ar Sarassinyeit ; yny vrOydyr honno y dyOedir dygOydaO deg mil o wyr a their mil o wraged. Y nlOydyn honno y croget yn Lloeger trywyr arderchaOc o genedyl a phrif tywyssogyon Kymry. Nyt amgen Howel ab Kat- wallaOn, a MadaOc uab MaelgOn, a Meuruc Barach. Y ulùydyn honno y rydhaaOd Innossens bap y tri thywyssaOc. Nyt amgen Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, a GOenOynOyn a MaelgOn ab Rys or 110 ar ifydlonder a rodassynt y urenhin Lloegyr. A gorchymyn udnnt aOnaeth yn uadeueint or peehoden dodi gofalus gar- edicrOyd y ryuelu yn erbyn en wired y brenhin. a A gûahard y Gristnogaeth a baryssei yr yspump mlyned kynno hynny yn Lloegyr a Chymry, y rydhaaOd y pab y tri thywyssaOc gynnen oe kyuoethen' a phaOb ar a nei vn ac 6ynt. Ac Oynteu yn gyfnn agyuod- assant yn erbyn y brenhin. Ac a oreskynnassant ynOraOl 1 y arnaO y berued wlat, a dngassei ynteu kyn no hynny y ar Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth. mccxiii. Y ulòydyn rac Oyneb wedy gòeled o Rys ieuanc y uot yn dirran o gyfoeth annon kenadeu a/ 2 Ac ef a wahardawd yr eglwysseu pump mlyned yn holl Loegyr a Chymry eithur kyfoeth ytri tywys- sawc hynny, 1 B. resumes here. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 273 them, and he himself burnçd it with fire. That year, Robert Yepont hanged, at Shrewsbury, Rhys, son of Maelgwn, who was a hostage to the king, not being yet seven years old. And in the same year, Robert, ^/2/-} ^^ Sa^i^ bishop of Bangor, died. [^ì^iydJ^ 1212. The ensuing year, there was a battle in | A^^-t Spain between the Christians and Saracens. In that J / T " battle, it is said, ten thousand men, and three ^ lA/a* *a thousand women, fell. That year, three illustrious . men, of the natiopi and chief princes of Wales, were Cv^ /V^/. /hanged in England; that is to say, Howel, son of *ftp 23^« ' Cadwalader, ajid Madog, son of Maelgwn, and Meurug /Z/L* Barach. That year, pope Innocent absolved the three princes, namely, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and Gwenwynwyn, and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, from the oath of fidelity which they had given to the king of England. And he commanded them, for the pardon of their sins, to give a sincere pledge of warring against the iniquity of the king. a And the interdic- tion of Christianity, which he had ordered five years previously in England and Wales, was remitted by the pope to the three princes before mentioned, within their dominions/ and to all who were united with them. And they, with one consent, rose against the king, and bravely wrested from him the midland district, which he had previously taken from Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth. 1213. The ensuing year, when young Rhys saw that he had no portion of territory, he sent mes- ^wi/i /2/3 <~« a ' 2 And he had interdicted the churches five years in all England and Wales, except the territory of those three princes, » a s 274 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. aoruc att y brenhin y eruynneit idaO dròy y nerth ef peri idaO rann o dref y dat. Ac yna ydanuones y brenhin att synyscal Henford, ac at 1 FfaOcOn synyscal Kaer Dyf, a gorchymmyn 2 [vdunt] beri y Rys Gryc rodi castell Llan Ymdyfri ar wlat 3 [y veibyon Gruff- udd vab Rys] neu ynteu a gilyei a o deruyneu y wlat' ar dehol. A gdedy dyfynnu Rys Gryc y atteb Orth 4 orchymynneu y brenhin. A dywedut aoruc yn atteb na rannei ef nn erû a Rys ieuanc. Ac yna llidiaO aoruc Rys ieuanc, a chynnullaò diruaOr lu o VrecheinaGc, a dyfot y dreis aoruc y Ystrat Tywi, a phebyllyaO yny lie aelôir TrallOc Elgan, b 2 [dyO leu] wedy yr Oythuet dyd o wyl Seint liar/ A thran- noeth duò GOener y doeth attaO Owein y vraOt, a 5 Plia0c0n synysgal Kaerdyf ae lluoed. A thrannoeth kyrchu a orugant gyuoeth Rys Gryc a chyweir- yaO y bydinoed, a dodi Rys ieuanc ae vydin yny blaen ; a 5 Ffa6c6n ae vydin yn y canaOl, ac Owein ab Gruffud ae vydin yn ol. Ac ny bu bell yny gyuarvu Rys c Gryc ac 6ynt. Ac yny vrOydyr ar vydin gy ntaf y goruuOyt ar Rys Gryc ae wyr, ac y kilyaOd ar ifo wedy Had llaOer oe wyr a dala ereill. Ac yna yd aeth Rys ieuanc aruedyr ymlad a/ 6 or teyrnas oil b/7 athrannoeth diuyeu nessaf wedy gwyl Seint Yllari. c8 Vychan Fauk, B. 3 C. B. I 4 orchymynn, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 275 sengers to the king, to beseech him, that through his power, he would cause him to have a share of his father's inheritance. And thereupon the king sent to the seneschal of Hereford, and to Foulke, seneschal of Cardiff, commanding 2 them to compel Rhys the Hoarse to deliver up the castle of Llanymddyvri and the district 3 to the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys/ or to retire a from the borders of the country' into exile. And after citing Rhys the Hoarse to answer to the king's commands, he said in his reply that he would not divide a single acre with young Rhys. Thereupon young Rhys became enraged, and collected a vast army out of Brecheiniog, and came in a hostile manner to the Yale of Tywi, and encamped in the place called Trail wng Elgan b2 on the Thursday' after the octave of the feast of St. Hilary/ And the following morn- ing, being Friday, his brother Owain came to him, and 5 Foulke, the seneschal of Cardiff, with their forces. The following day, they entered the territory of Rhys the Hoarse, arrayed their troops, and placed young Rhys with his force in the van, and 5 Foulke with his force in the centre, and Owain, son of Gruffudd, with his force in the rear. And it was not long before Rhys c the Hoarse / met them ; and in the attack with the first division, Rhys the Hoarse and his men were overpowered, and he retreated and fled, after having many of his men killed, and others taken. And then young Rhys went, with the intention of a ' 6 from all the kingdom b/ 7 the following Thursday next after the feast of St. Hilary. o' s the Little 5 Fa6coc, B 6 B. a C.E. s 2 276 BEXJT Y TYWYSOGION. a chastell DinefOr. Ac eissoes Rys a Gryc ae rac- ulaenaOd ac a gadarnhaaGd y gastell owyr ac arfeu. A g6edy llosgi Llan DeilaO 1 kilyaO ymeith' aoruc Rys a Gryc. Ac eissoes Rys ieuanc a gyrchaOd y castell, a thrannoeth dodi 2 [a omc] peiranneu a dechymyg- yon y ymlad ar castell. A gOneuthnr ystolyon Orth y muroed y wyr y drigaO dros y muroed, ac nelly y goresgynnaòd ef y castell oil eithyr vn tOr, ac yn hOnnO 3 yd ymgymerth y castell wyr Orth ymlad ac anidirFyn ac ergydyeu ac a pheiryanneu ereill ; ac o dy allan yd oed saethydyon, ac arblastwyr, a mOyn- wyr, a marchogyon yn ymlad ac Gynt. Ac nelly y kymhellOyt arnnnt kynn y prynhaOn talu y castell a rodi tri gòystyl aOnaethant 4 [arodi y castell onny cheffynt nerth erbyri ecliOyd trannoetli] drOy amot cael 5 y dillat ae haruen ae haelodeu yn iach. Ac nelly y gOnaethpOyt. A gOedy cael y castell 6 [ac oresgyn tir y Kantrev Mawr] y kilyaOd Rys a Gryc ae wreic ae veibon ae deuln att Yaelgòn y vraOt, wedy cadarnhan castell Llan Ymdyfri o wyr ac arueu 2 [a bOyt, a plieiryannev] ac aghenreiten ereill. Ac eilweith ydaeth Rys ienanc y VrecheinaGc. Ac yna kynnllaG dirnaGr lu aoruc o Gymry a Ffreinc, achyr- cbn Llan Ymdyfri. A chynn peb}dlu o nadunt ef a rodes y castellwyr y castell idaO drOy amot cael y heneideu ae baelodeu yn iach. Y nlòydyn honno y kymertli Ieuan nrenbin benyt am y cameu aGnath- oed yn erbyn yr eglOys, a galO dracbefyn archescob a 7 Yychan v y kilyaOd ymdeith, B. 3 > r, B. *b. a THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 277 attacking the castle of Dinevwr; however, Rhys a the Hoarse ■ preceded him, and strengthened his castle with men and arms ; and after burning Llandeilo, Rhys a the Hoarse ' retired hence. Nevertheless, young Rhys invested the castle ; and the following day he placed engines and inventions for attacking the castle, and placed ladders against the walls, for men to climb over the walls, and thus did he possess him- self of the castle altogether, save one tower ; and in that the garrison secured themselves in fighting and defending, with missiles and other engines. And out- side were the archers, and crossbowmen, and miners, and horsemen, fighting against them. And thus they were compelled, before the afternoon, to surrender the castle ; and they delivered three hostages, 4 and gave up the castle, unless they should receive support by the evening of next day/ under an agreement to have their clothes and their arms, with the safety of their limbs ; and thus it was concluded. And after they had got the castle, 6 and subdued the land of Cantrev Mawr/ Rhys a the Hoarse/ with his wife, his sons, and family, retired to his brother Maelgwn, having strengthened the castle of Llanymddyvri with men and arms, 2 and food and engines/ and other neces- saries. And a second time, young Rhys went to Brecheiniog ; and there he collected a vast army of Welsh and French, and proceeded to Llanymddyvri ; and before they had pitched their tents, the garrison gave up the castle, on condition of safety of lives and limbs. That year, king John did penance for the wrongs he committed against the church, and recalled 5 a, B. 6 a a' 7 the Little 278 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Keint, ar esgyb ar yscolheigon a ymrodassynt y all- tuded o achaOs gOahard yr eglOysseu. Ac o achaOs y gOrthrOra godyant aOnatboed yr eglOys yd ymrOym- aOd ef ae etiuedyon ae holl urenhinyaeth Lloegyr ac Iwerdon y DuO a Phedyr a PhaOl, ar pab ar pabeu ereill yny ol yn dragywydaOl. Ac ar hynny gOneuthur gOrogaeth gan tyghu talu y baOp or eglOysswyr y collet, a tlialu mil o vorckeu bob blOydyn y eglOys Rufein 1 [dros bop goddyant a gOasanaeth dylyedus]. Y ulOydyn lionno gwedy ymadaO o Rys Gryc ar Kymry a mynnu hedychu ac Oynt eilweith herOyd y dyweit. Yna y delit ef yg Kaer Vyrdin ac y dodet 2 [ef] ygarchar y brenhin. Y ulOydyn lionno y darestygaOd Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth gastell DeganOy a chastell Rudlan. MCCXIV. Y vlOydyn rac Cyneb y mordOyaOd Ieuan urenhin ac 2 [diruaOr] amylder o ryfelwyr aruaüc y gyt ac ef hyt ym PheitaO. Ac ymaruoll ac ef aoruc iarlt Ffiandrys a a Bar a HenaOnt. Ac anuon attunt awnaeth ieirll Sarur y gyt ae vraOt ac anneiryf a uarchogyon, a gOahaOd attaO Otbo amheraOdyr Rufein y nei, a chyfodi aoruc y ryfelu yn erbyn Phylip bren- hin Freinc. Ac yna y magOyt diruaOr ryfel y rygtunt. Otlio amheraOdyr Rufein ar iarll o parthret Flandrys yn ryfelu, ar Ffreinc a Ieuan urenhin, o parthret PeitaO yn aflonydu. Ac uelly o bop tu yd oedynt yn kymhurthaO y Ffreinc. Ac yna ydanuones Phylip arderchaOc urenhin Ffreinc Lowys y uab y PeitaO a llu y gyt ac ef y ymerbynyeit abrenhin Lloegyr. Ac ynteu ehun 3 ar Ffreinc y gyt ac ef a dynaOd tu a 4 yarll Bolwynn 3 B. C. 1 *lk THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 279 the archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops and scholars, who had gone into exile, on account of the interdiction of the churches. And because of the oppressive vexation he had caused to the church, he bound himself, and his heirs, with his whole dominion of England and Ireland, to God and St. Peter and St. Paul, and the pope, and other popes successively for ever. And thereupon he did homage, swearing to pay to all the churchmen their loss, and to pay a thousand marks yearly to the church of Rome, 1 for all vexation, anâ for every due service/ The same year, after Rhys the Hoarse had withdrawn himself from the Welsh, and sought a second time to make peace with them, as it is said, he was then seized at Caermarthen, and put in the king's prison. In that year, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, reduced the castle of Dyganwy and the castle of Rhuddlan. 1214. The ensuing year, king John, with a 2 vast multitude of armed warriors, set sail for Poictou ; and the earl of Flanders, and a Bar, and Hainault joined him. And the earl of Sarur, with his brother, and a great number of knights, sent to them, and invited to him Otho, emperor of Rome, his nephew ; and he. arose to make war against Phillip, king of France. And then a terrible war was kindled between them ; Otho, emperor of Rome, and the earl war- ring on the part of Flanders, and the French and king John harrassing on the part of Poictou. And thus on every side they were distressing the French. Then Phillip, the noble king of France, sent his son Louis to Poictou, with an army to meet the king of England. And he himself, with the French, drew the earl of Boleyn 280 BRUT Y TYẄYSOGIOtí. a Flandrys ynerbyn yr amheraOdyr. A phan welas yr amheraOdyr ar iarll hynny blOg uu gantunt llau- assu o vrenhin Freinc dynessau attunt, ae gyrchu yndic a 1 orugant. A gOedy a yr ymlad ef a syrth- yaOd y uudugolyaeth y urenhin Freinc, ac a yrrOyt yr amheraOdyr ar ieirll ar ffo b o Ffiandrys a Bar a HenaGnt/ A phan gigleu brenhin Lloegyr y dam- Oein hOnnO ofynhau a 2 wnaeth gynhal ryfel a vei vOy, agOneuthur kygreir seith mlyned aoruc a brenhin Ffreinc, ac ymchoelut y Loegyr, a thalu llawer oe colledeu yr eglOysswyr. Ac yna y bu gyffredin ellygdaOt yr eglOysseu ar hyt Lloegyr a Chymry. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarò GeiFrei escob MynyO. MCCXV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu teruysc y rOg leuan urenhin a Saesson y Gogled, a llaOer o ieirll ereill a barOneit Lloegyr, o achaOs na chatwei leuan urenhin ac Oynt yr henn gyffreith, a deuodeu da a 3 gaOssynt gan Etwart a 4 Henri y brenhined kyntaf, a atygassei ynteu yr teyrnas pan rydhaaOd rodi udunt y kyfreitheu hynny. Ar teruysc hOnnO a gerdaOd yn gymeint ac yd ymaruolles holl wyrda Lloegyr a holl dy wyssogyon Kymry 5 [y gyt] yn erbyn y brenhin, hyt na mynnei neb o nadunt heb y gilyd y gan y brenhin na hedGch na chyfundeb na chygreir yny dalei ef }^r eglOysseu y kyfreitheu ae 6 teilygdodeu, a b ' 8 adaly yarll Flandrys ayarll Bolwyn ayarll Sayr- ebus yn Vernwn. â 7 hjj. 1 Onaethant, B. 2 oruc, B. 3 gossodynt, B. 4 Alvryd, E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 281 towards Flanders, against the emperor. And when the emperor and the earl saw that, it was galling to them that the king of France should dare to approach them, and they angrily attacked him. And after a the fight, the victory fell to the king of France ; and the emperor and the earls were driven to flight, b from Flanders and Bar and Hainault/ And when the king of England heard of that event, he feared to carry on war any longer, and so made a truce of seven years with the king of France, and returned to England; and paid many of their losses to the clergy. And then there was a general remission to the churches over England and Wales. That year, Jeffrey, bishop of Menevia, died. 1215. The ensuing year, there was a disturbance between king John and the English of the North, and many others of the earls and barons of England, because that king John w r ould not keep with them the old law and good customs which they had ob- tained from Edward and 4 Henry, the first kings, and which he had withheld from the kingdom, when he had released himself from giving them those laws. And that disturbance extended so far that all the good men of England, and all the princes of Wales combined 5 together against the king, so that none of them without the others would enter into peace or agreement or truce with the king, until he restored to the churches their laws and privileges, which he and his ancestors had afore time taken from them ; a 7 a long h ' 8 and the earl of Flanders, and the earl of Boleyn, and the earl of Sayrebus, were captured at Vernon. 5 B. 6 teilygdaOt, B. 7 B. 8/ c. 282 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dugassei ef aerieni kyn no hynny y gantunt ac yny 1 dalei hefyt y wyrda Lloegyr a Chymry y tired ar kestyll a gymerassei Orth y ewyllys y gantunt heb na gOir na chyfreith. A gûedy 2 eu dysgu o archescob Keint ac esgyb Lloegyr a ieirll ae barOneit a gofyn idaO arodei yr hen gyfreitheu da yr teyrnas y gomed aoruc a herOyd 3 ryywespOyt rac y hofyn 4 Oynt, kymryt croes aoruc ac ual kynt y kyuodes y Gogledwyr yn y erbyn 5 er neill tu, ar Kymry or tu arall. Ac yn y urOydyr gyntaf y 6 due y Gogledwyr y arnaO dinas Llundein. Ac yna y kyrchaOd Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth ar Kymry y AmOythic. A heb CrthOynebed y rodet idaO y dref ar castell. Ac yna yd anuones Gilis o BreOys mab 7 [y] GOilim o Brewys Eobert y uraOt y YrecheinaOc. Ae gymryt yn enrydedus awnaeth gwyrda BrecheinaOc idaO. A chynn penn y tri dieu y goreskynnaOd castell Penn Kelli, ac Aber Gevenhi ar castell GOyn ac ynys GynOreid. Ar Gilis vry a oed escob yn Henford, ac auuassei vn or aruollwyr kyntaf yn erbyn y brenhin. A gOedy hynny ydaeth ynteu Gilis e hun y YrecheinaOc. Ac y goresgynnaOd Aber Hodni a Maeshyfeid ar Gelli, a Blaen Llyfni, a chastell Buellt heb vn gOrthOynebed, castell Paen, a chastell ColOyn, a chantref Eluael Orthunt aedewis ef y Wallter 8 [ap Gruffudd ap yr arglwydd Kys] uab EinaOn Clut Orth y goresgynn. A thra yttoedit yn hynny ym BrecheinaOc yd hedychaOd Bys ieuanc 9 [i nai] a MaelgOn uab Bys y ewythyr ac y kyrch- assant Dyuet y gyt. Ac y goresgynnassant Gymry 1 talei, B. I 4 h6y, B. 2 y,B. 5 or,B. 3 rydyGespGyt, B> 1 THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 283 and until he also restored to the good men of Eng- land and Wales their lands, and the castles, which he at his will had taken from them, without either right or law. And after they had been instructed by the archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops of England, and his earls and his barons, they demanded whether he would restore the good old laws to the kingdom, but he refused them, as has been said before, from fear of them ; and he took a cross ; and, as before, the North men rose up against him, on one side, and the Welsh on the other side. And in the first battle, the North men took from him the city of London. And then Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, with the Welsh, invested Shrewsbury ; and without oppo- sition the town and the castle were delivered up to him. Then Giles de Bruse, a son to William de S fi Bruse, sent his brother Robert to Brecheiniog ; and the good men of Brecheiniog received him honourably; and before the end of three days he took possession of the castles of Pencelli and Abergavenny, and the White Castle, and the isle of Cynwraid. The above Giles was bishop of Hereford, and had been one of that, Giles himself also went to Brecheiniog, and obtained possession of Aberhodni, and Maes Hyvaidd, and Gelli, and Blaenllyvni, and the castle of Buellt, without any opposition; Pain's castle, and the castle of Colwyn, and the cantrev of Elvael attached to them, he left for Walter, 8 son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys/ son of Einon Clud, who had subdued them. And whilst this was going on in Brechein- iog, young Rhys, 9 the nephew/ and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, his uncle, became reconciled, and they proceeded to Dyved together. And the Welsh obtained posses- the first And after ü goresgynnaGd, B. "B. 8 a e. 284 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOtf. a Dyfet oil eithyr Kemeis a honno aanreithassant, 1 [ac Arberth] ar Maen ClocliaOc a 2 losgyssant. Ac 3 odyna yd aetli MaelgOn ac Owein ab Gruffud y Wyned a-tt Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth, ac y kynnullaOd Rys ieuanc lu diruaOr y veint, ac y goresgynnaOd Ketweli a CharnywyllaOn, ac y llosges y castell, ac odyno y tynaOd y Qhyr, ac yn gyntaf y goresgynnaOd gastell LlychOr. Ac odyno yd ymladaOd achastell Hu. Ac yd aruaethaOd y castellwyr gadO 1 [y castell] yny erbyn. Ac ynteu Rys agauas y castell y dreis gan ellòg y castellwyr ar castell drOy dan a haearn. Trannoeth y kyrchaOd tu a 4 [chastell Ystwm Llwyn- iarth yn] Sein Henyd, ac rac y ofyn ef y llosges y castellwyr y dref. Ac 5 0ynteu heb dorri ar y haru- aeth agyrchassant gastell YstumllOynarth, a 6 phebyllyaO yny gylch y nos honno a oruc, a thrannoeth y cauas y castell, ac y llosges ef ar dref. Ac erbyn penn y tri dieu y goresgynnaOd holl gestyll Gohyr. Ac uelly yd ymchoelaOd dracliefyn yn hyfryt uudugaOl. Ac yna y gellygOyt Rys Gryc o garcliar y brenliin gOedy rodi y vab a deu wystyl ereill drostaO. Y ulOydyn honno y gOnaethpOyt IorOoerth abat Tal y Llycheu yn escob ym MynyO, a CliadOgaOn a Llan Dyffei abat y Ty GOynn ' yn escob Ymangor. Yna yd hedychaOd Gilis escob Henford ar brenhin rac ofyn y pab, ac ar y íFord b ynmynet att y brenhin' y clefychaOd. a/7 abat Llann Defit, 1/8 yn dyvod o lys y brenin 1 yn ymhoelut 1 B I 3 0( iyno, 2 losgassant, B. \ 4 E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 285 si on of all Dyved, with the exception of Cemaes, and that the} T ravaged, 1 and Arberth ' and Maenclochog they burned. And from thence Maelgwn, and Owain, son of Gruffudd, proceeded to Gwynedd, to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth. Young Rhys collected also an army of vast magnitude, and obtained possession of Cydweli, and Carnwyllon, and burned the castle. And from thence he drew to Gower ; and he first reduced the castle of Llychwr, and afterwards he fought against the castle of Hugh, and the garrison essayed to keep 1 the castle' against him ; but Rhys obtained the castle by force 5 passing the garrison and castle through fire and sword. The following day he marched to- wards 4 the castle of Ystum Llwynarth in' Senghen- ydd ; and from fear of him, the garrison burned the town. And they, without being diverted from their purpose, proceeded to the castle of Ystum Llwynarth, and he encamped about it that night ; and the fol- lowing day he obtained the castle, which, with the town, he burned. And by the end of three days he reduced all the castles of Gower ; and thus, happy and victorious, he returned home. And then, Rhys the Hoarse was liberated from the king's prison, after having given his son, and two other hostages for him. That year, Iorwerth, abbot of Tal y Llycheu, was made bishop of Menevia ; and Cadwgan a of Llandyfai, abbot of Whitland/ was made bishop of Bangor. Then Giles, bishop of Hereford, made peace with the king, from fear of the pope ; and on the road, b going to the king/ he was taken ill ; and a/ 7 abbot of Llandevid, b ' 8 coming from the king's court, 1 returning 5 ynteu, B. \ 7 C. 6 phebyllu, B. Not in E. I 8 C. E. 286 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Ac Ygkaer LoyG y bu uarO amgylch gOyl Martin. *Ae dref tad ' ef a gauas 2 Reinald y Breûys y nraOt 8 [ ef]. A hOnnG agymerth yn wreic idaO merch Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth tywyssaOc GOyned. Y ulOydyn honno y a kynhalyaOd y trydyd Innossens bap gyffredin gyglior or holl Gristonogaeth hyt yn eglOys 4 [Laterannis yn] Rufein. Ac yno yd atnewydOyt kyfreitheu 8 [a gossodedigaetheu] yr eglOys, ac yd ymgyghoret am b rydhau Kaerussalem adaroed 5 yr Sarassinyeit y gywarsagu yr ysllawer o amseroed kynno hynny. Y ulOydyn honno y kynnullaOd Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth a chyffredin tywyssogyon Kymry diruaOr lu hyt Yg- kaer Uyrdin. A chynn penn y pumhet dyd y cauas y castell ac y byryaOd yr llaOr. Ac odyna y 6 torrys- sant gastell Llan YstyiFan, a Thalacharn a Seint Cler. Ac odyna nos Oyl Thomas ebostol ydaethant y Gered- igyaOn, ac ymlad ar castell 7 [Emlyn] aorugant. Ac yna y gOrhaaOd gOyr Kemeis y Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth, ac y rodet idaO gastell Trefdraeth. A hOnnO o gyff- redin gyghor a yssigOyt. A phan welas castellwyr Aber Teiíi na ellynt gynhal y castell y rodi awnaeth- ant y Lywelyn ab IorOoerth duO gOyl Ystyffan. A thrannoeth duO gOyl Ieuan ebostol y rodet castell Kil Gerran idaO. Ac odyna yd ymchoelaGd Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth, a holl tywyssogyon Kymry a oed y gyt ac ef yn hyfryt lawen 8 y gOlatoed drachefyn dròy nudngolyaeth. A llyma ennOeu y tywyssogyon a vuant ynyr hynt honno o 6yned ; Llywelyn ab IorOoerth tywyssaOc GOyned, a Howel ab Grufud a 8 kynullaGd b 8 nerthu 1 Athref y tat, B. 2 Reinallt, B. 3 B. 4 b. a CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 287 he died at Gloucester, about the feast of St. Martin; and his patrimony came to his brother Eheinallt de Bruse, who took for his wife the daughter of Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, prince of Gwynedd. That year, pope Innocent the third a held a general council of all Christendom at the 4 Lateran church in Rome. And there were the laws 3 and canons' of the church renewed ; and it was resolved to h free Jerusalem, which the Saracens had oppressed for a long time before. That year, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and the Welsh princes in general, collected a vast army to Caermarthen ; and before the end of five days, he obtained the castle, and razed it to the ground. And then they demolished the castles of Llanstephan and Talacharn and St. Clare. And from thence, on the eve of the feast of St. Thomas the Apostle, they proceeded to Ceredigion, and fought against the castle 7 of Emlyn. ' Then the men of Cemaes did homage to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and the castle of Trev- draeth was delivered to him ; which, by general con- sent, was shattered. And when the garrison of Aber- ystwyth saw that they could not maintain the castle, they delivered it up to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, on the feast of St. Stephen ; and the following day, the feast of St. John the Apostle, the castle of Cilgerran was delivered to him. And then Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and all the Welsh princes that were with him, returned to their countries, happy and joyful with victory. And here are the names of the princes who were on that expedition from Gwynedd : — Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, prince of Gwynedd, and a3 assembled fortify 5 y, B. 6 torrassant, B. 7 C.E. *y(j,B. 288 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ab Kynan 1 [i ewythr], a LlyOelyn ab Maredud ab Kynan. Ac o PoOys GOenGynOjm ab Owein KyueilaGc, a Maredud ab Rotbert o Gedewein, a theulu Mada6c ab Gruffud MadaOc. A deu uab Maelgûn ab Kat- wallaOn. 0 Deheubarth MaelgOn ab Rys a Rys Gryc y uraGt, a Rys ienanc ac Owein veibon Gruffud ab llys. A llyma enOeu y kestyll a oresgynnOyt aryr hynt honno. Nyt amgen castell Sein Henyd, castell Ketweli Kaer TTyrdin, Llan Ystyffan, Seint Cler, Talacharn, Trefdraeth, Aber Teiui, Kil Gerran. Ac ar yr hynt 2 honno y bu a araf hedOch, a thegOch hinon y gayaf, hyt na Oelat 3 [ac nachlyOat] eiryoet kynno hynny y cyfryO hinda honno. mccxvi. 4 [Blwydyn wedy hynny] ac yna y bu cyfran o tir y ròg Maelgùn ab Rys a Rys Gryc y uraOt, a Rys ac Owein meibon Gruffud ab Rys, yn Aber Dyfi ger bron Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth gOedy dyfynnu 3 [yna] ygyt holl twyssogyon Kymry 3 [gann mOyhaf] a holl doethon GOyned. Ac y UaelgOn uab Rys y doeth tri chantref o Dyfet. Nyt amgen y can- tref GOarthaf, a chantref Kemeis, a chantref Emlyn. a PhelunyaOc, a chastell Kil Gerran, ac o Ystrat Tywi castell Llan Ymdyfri, a b deu gymGt. Nyt amgen Hirfryn a Mallaen a MaenaOr Yydfei. Ac o Gered- a 3 aranOcli o b 1 thri 1 JF. J 2 hOnnO, B, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 289 Howel, son of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, 1 his uncle/ and Lly welyn, son of Maredudd, son of Cynan ; out of Powys, Gwenwynwyn, son of Owain Cyveiliog, and Maredudd, son of Robert of Cydewain, and the family of Madog, son of Grnffudd Madog, and the two sons of Maelgwn, son of Cadwallon ; and out of South Wales, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and Rhys the Hoarse, his brother, and young Rhys, and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys. And these are the names of the castles which were subjugated in that expedition ; that is to say, the castle of Senghenydd, the castle of Cydweli, Caermarthen, Llanstephan, St. Clare, Talacharn, Trevdraeth, Aberteivi, and Cilgerran. And during that expedition there was a a gentle tranquillity, and fairness of winter atmosphere, such fine weather as had never been seen, 3 or heard of 1 before. 1216. 4 A year after that/ and then there was a partition of land between Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and his brother, Rlrys the Hoarse, and Rhys and Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, at Aberdovey, in the presence of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, when all the Welsh princes, 3 for the most part/' and all the wise men of Gwynedd were summoned 3 thither to- gether. And to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, were allotted three cantrevs of Dyved, that is to say, the cantrev of Gwarthav, the cantrev of Cemaes, and the cantrev of Emlyn, with Penllwynog and the castle of Cilgerran ; and of the Vale of Tywi, the castle of Llanymddyvri, with Mwo comots, namely, Hirvryn and Mallaen, and the manor of Myddvai ; and of Ceredigion, the two a 3 gentleness of b 1 three B, a 290 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOîT. igyaOn deu gymOt, Gòynyonyd a Mabwynyon. Ac y Rys ieuanc ac y Owein y uraGt meibon Graffud ab Rys y deuth castell Aber Teifi, a chastell Nant yr Aryant, athri cantref o GeredigyaGn. Ac y Rys Gryc y doeth 1 [ynn rann] y Cantref MaOr oil eithyr Mallaen, ar Cantref Bychan eithyr Hirvryn a Myduei. Ac idaù y deutli Ketweli a 2 CharnywyllaOn hefyt/ Yn y vlOydyn honno 3 yd hedychaGd GwenOynOyn arglOyd Powys a leuan vrenhin Lloegyr, 4 wedy tremygu y 110 ar aruoll a rodassei y dyOyssogyon Lloegyr a Chymry. A thorri yr Orogaeth a 5 roessoed y Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth, a madeu y gOystlon a rod- assei ar liynny. 1 [A] gûedy g6y bot o Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth hynny kymryt arnaO yn GrthrOm a 6 wnaeth, ac anvon attaO esgyb ac abadeu, a gOyr ereill maOr 7 y haOdurdaOt ar llythyreu ar syartrasseu gantunt, a ac echrestyr' yr aruoll ar animot ar gOrogaeth a 8 ònathoed yndunt, o llauuryaO o bop medOl acharyat a gOeithret y alO dracliefyn. A gOedy nadygrynoei idaO hynny o dim, dygynnullaO llu aoruc, a gal6 canmOyhaf tywyssogyon Kymry ygyt attaO, a chyrchu Powys y ryuelu 9 ar WenOynOyn, ae yrru aríFo hyt yn sOyd Kaer Lleon, a goresgyn y kyuoeth oil idaO e hun. Y ulòydyn bonno y doeth Lowys y mab hynaf y vrenhin Freinc hyt yn Lloegyr 1 [tròy aruollOyr Uoeo-er] gyt a lluossogrOyd ma6r arnoyich Snl y a' 10 achraffter 1 B. 2/ CharnGallaOn, B. 3 y, B. 4 dr6y, B. 5 rodassoecl, B. 6 or vie, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 291 comots of Gwynionydd and Mabwynion. And to young Rhys, and his brother Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, were allotted the castle of Aberteivi, and the castle of Nant yr Ariant, with three cantrevs of Ceredigion. And to Rhys the Hoarse were allotted, 1 as his share/ the whole of Cantrev Mawr, except Mallaen, and the Cantrev Bychan, except Hirvryn and Myddvai ; and to him likewise came Cydweli and 2 Carnwyllon. In that year, Gwenwynwyn, lord of Powys, made peace with John, king of England, treating with contempt the oath and the engagement which he had plighted to the chieftains of England and Wales, and violating the homage which he had done to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and surrendering the hostages that he had given thereon. 1 And when Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, became acquainted with this, he took it heavily upon him, and sent to him bishops and abbots and other men of great authority, bearing with them the letters and charters, a and the registers' of the compact and homage which he had made, and laboured by every thought and affection and deed to recal him back. And when that availed him nothing, he assembled an army, calling to him most of the princes of Wales, and entered Powys, to make war upon Gwenwynwyn, and compelled him to flee into the county of Caerleon, and took possession of his whole territory to himself. That year, Louis, the eldest son of the king of France, came to England, 1 by means of English confederates, with a great multitude, about Trinity Sunday ; and a ' 10 and the particulars 7 eu, B. s ónaetli, B. 9 a, B. 10 B. T 2 292 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. DrindaOt, ac ofynhau aomc Teuan urenhin y dyuotyat ef, a chadO a oruc yr aberoed ar porthuaeu a diruaOr gedernit o wyr aruaOc 1 [y] gyt ac ef. A phan welas ef llyges Lowys yn dynessau yr tir, kymryt y ifo a oruc tu a Chaer Wynt a dyffryn Hafren. Ac 2 yna y tynnaOd Lowys tu a Llundein. Ac yna yd aruollet yn enrydedus, a chymryt aoruc gOrogaeth y ieirll ar baròneit ae gGahodassei, adechreu talu y kyfreitbeu o baOp o nadunt. A gûedy ychydic o dydyeu wedy hynny yd aeth tu a Chaer Wynt. A phan 3 Oybu Ieuan vrenhin bynny llosgi y dref aoruc, a gOedy cadarnbau y castell kilyau 4 ymeitb aOnaetb. Ac ymlad aoruc Lowys ar castell, a cbynn penn ycbydic o dydyeu y 5 castell agauas/ A chyrchu a 6 oruc Ieuan urenhin ardal Kymry, a dyfot aoruc y Henford a llawer o vryr aruaOc gyt ac ef. A galû atfcaO aoruc Reinalt y BreOys a tbywyssogyon Kymry y erchi udunt ymaruol] ac ef a bedychu. A gúedy na rymhaei 1 [dim] idaO hynny kyrchu a 7 6naeth y Gelli a Maes Hyfeid, a llosgi y trefyd a thorri y kestyll. Ac odyna llosgi Croes Hyswallt ae diffeithaO ae distryO. Yn y ulOydyn honno amgylch gòyl 1 [y kyuodet corff] Seint Benet y bu uarò y trydyd Innossens bap. Ac yn ol hOnnO y bu bap y trydyd Honorius. Ac yna ygkylch gùyl Luc euegylyôr y bu uarO Ieuan vrenhin 8 [yn NieOart ac y ducpOyt oclyna hut Ygkaer Yraggon], ac y cladòyt Ygkaer Wyragon yn ymyl bed DOnstan Sant yn enrydedus. Ac yny lie wedy brenhinaOl aròylant y drychafòyt Henri y mab hynaf idaO 9 naO mlyned' yn urenhin ar lyOodraeth y deyrnas. A thrOy ganmaGl rei o wyrda Lloegyr ae hescyb y kyssegraOd escob yno, B. gigleu, B. 4 ymdeith, B. 5/ gaiFel aoruc, B, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 293 king John dreaded his coming, and secured the rivers and harbours, with a vast force of armed men. And when he observed the fleet of Louis approaching the land, he took flight towards Winchester and the Vale of the Severn. Then Louis drew towards London, and there he was honourably received ; and he took the homage of the earls and barons who had invited him, and began to award to all of them their legal claims. And at the end of a few days afterwards, he proceeded towards Winchester ; and when king John knew this, he burned the town, and, having fortified the castle, he went away. And Louis attacked the castle, and before the end of a few days, he got the castle. And king John proceeded to the border of Wales, and came to Hereford, accompanied by many armed men. And he summoned to him Rheinallt de Bruse, and the princes of Wales, requiring them to enter into compact with him, and make peace. And when that did not avail him 1 anything, he proceeded to Gelli and Maes Hyveidd, and burned the towns, and demolished the castles ; and after that, he burned, ravaged, and destroyed Oswestry. In that year, about the feast of 1 the Translation of ' St. Benet, pope Innocent the Third died ; and after him the third Hònorius became pope. And then, about the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, king John died 8 at Newark, and was conveyed hence to Worcester/ and was honourably buried at Worcester, near the grave of St. Dunstan. And immediately after the royal obsequies, his eldest son Henry, being nine years of age, was raised to the government of the kingdom ; and through the commendation of some* of the good people of England and its bishops, the 6 ónaeth, B. 7 oruc, B. I 8 B. C. I 9/ yn Tab naó mlwyd, 294 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Bad ef yn vrenhiii drOy aOdurdaOt cardinal o Rufein a legat yr pab. Ac yna y coronet ac y kymerth y groes. Y nlOydyn honno y bu uarû Howel ab GrufFud ab Kynan, 1 [yn was ieuanc arderchawc karedic gan bawb] ac y cladOyt yn Aber ConOy. MCCXVII. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu gyghor yn Ryt Yclien y gan gyt a ua x rchogyon Henri urenhin. Ac yno y traethOyt amhedOch a cliygreir y rygtunt a Lowys uab brenhin Freinc, a gdyr y Gogled. A gOedy na dygrynoynt dim o hynny, mordOyaO aoruc Lowys y Freinc y geissaO kyglior y gan Phylip y dat am y gúeithretoed aOnelei rac llaO yn Lloegyr. YgkyfrOg hynny y kyfodes gOyr y brenhin yn erbyn y gyt aruollOyr ef, a dOyn llaOer o gyrcheu arnunt. Ac 2 odyno dyuot awnaethant y Gaer Wynt, a chymeli y castell wyr y rodi y castell udunt, a gores- gyn y kestyll ereill a rodyssit y Lowys 3 [athynnu attadunt laOer ogyt aruollOyr LeOys]. YgkyfrOg hynny yd ymchoelaOd Lowys y Loeger ac ychydic o nifer ygyt ac ef. Ac 4 odyna o achaOs y dyuotyat 5 [ef ] y bu ehofnach y Gogledwyr ar Freinc, a chyrchu dinas Lincol aOnaetliant 6 ac oresgyn ac ymlad ar castell- wyr. Ac eissoes y kastellwyr a ymdiffynnassant y castell yn gywir OraOl ac anuon kenadeu aorugant at Wilim Yarscal iarll Penuro y gOr a oed yna hyneif a phenkyghorOr y deyrnas a gOyrda ereill o Loegyr, 7 ac erchi anuon porth udunt. 8 Ar rei hynny ogyt 1 a 2 odyna, B. 3 jb. a 4 yna, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 295 bishop of Bath consecrated him king, by the autho- rity of a cardinal from Rome, and the legate of the pope ; and thereupon he was crowned, and received the cross. That year, Howel, son of GrufTudd, son of Cynan, 1 being an excellent young man, and beloved by all/ died, and was buried at Aberconway. 1217. The ensuing year, there was a council at Oxford, held by the a co-knights of king Henry ; and therein it was treated of peace and a compact be- tween them and Louis, the son of the king of France, and the men of the North. And, since they came to no settlement, Louis sailed for France, to obtain ad- vice of Phillip, his father, as to matters he might in future execute in England. In that interval, the men of the king rose against his allies, and made many attacks upon them. And from thence they proceeded to Winchester, and compelled the garrison to deliver the castle to them, and they took possession of the other castles, which had been delivered up to Louis, 3 and drew to them many of the confederates of Louis.' In that interval, Louis returned to England, accompanied by a small retinue. And then, on account of his coming, the North men and the French grew bolder, and proceeded to the city of Lincoln, which they got possession of, and fought against the garri- son. However, the garrison defended the castle faith- fully and bravely, and sent messengers to William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, the man who was then elder and chief counsellor of the kingdom, and to other good men of England, praying that assistance should be sent to them. And these, by common con- a 5 entertainers *B. 6 ac at, B. J, B. Y 5 B e 296 BRUT Y TYWYSÖGICŴ. gyglior a a gynnullassant lioll gedernit Lloegyr ygyt ac Oynt y uynet y nerthockau ' y castellwyr, kauys gOell oed gantunt teruynu 1 eu bywyt yn ganmoledic dros rydit 1 eu teyrnas no chyt odef ac b aghyfreitheu 2 [ac an ordyuynedic geithOet] ' y Ffreinc. Ac yna tynnu aOnaethant yn aruaOc uarchaOclu tu a Lincol. A cher bron y pyrth cyweiryaO 1 eu bydinoed ae gossot y ymlad ar gaer. Ac yna y Gogledwyr ar Freinc a ymwisgassant y OrthOynebu udunt. Ac yscynnu y muroed ac amdiffyn yn OraOl awnaethant. A gOedy ymlad yn hir o bop tu, ef a 3 diasgellaOd by din y Grth y llu yr honn ydoed iarll Kaer 4 LoyG a FaOcOn BreOys yny harOein, a thrOy drts dieithyr ar y castell y deutliant y myOn, a chyrchu y dinas aOnaethant a gGneuthur diruaOr aerua 5 or Freinc ar Gogledwyr. Ac Oynteu wedy 1 eu haruthraG agym- erassant eu ffo, 6 ac megys ynvydyon pob un o nadunt 7 a ymgudyei yn y lie kyntaf y kaffei. Ac yna y kyrchaGd gOyr Henri urenlìin y pyrth, ac y torras- sant ac y deuthant y myOn. Ac ymlit y ffbodron ae Had ae dala ae carcharu, ac yny vrOydyr honno y delit iarll Caer "Wynt a iarll Henford a Robert ab GOallter, ac y lias iarll 8 Perffi y bonhedickaf 2 [hayach] or Ffreinc, a SymOnt 9 Dypessi, a Hu Dyroc, a Gil- bert iarll Clar, a Robert Derupel, a Reinald Dy Cressi a/ 10 agytssynyassant o vn vryt, ac vn eOyllys ar gynullaO holl gerdennyt ykytaruollOyr ygyt y vynet j nerthaO b/ 11 anyledussyon ac andiodefedigyon dretheu a chyf- reithyeu 'y, B. -B. 3 diadellaOd, B. 4 Llion, B. 5 ary, B. 6 a, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 297 sent, a collected the whole strength of England, to proceed to the support / of the garrison ; for they deemed it better to terminate their lives worthily for the liberty of their country, than to bear with Mhe unjust laws ' 2 and unaccustomed bondage ' ' of the French. And thereupon they, as armed cavalry, drew towards Lincoln, and in front of the gates they arranged their forces, and placed them to fight against the city. And then the North men and the French arrayed themselves to oppose them, and ascended the walls, and made â gallant defence. And after long fighting on every side, a detachment made a flank movement from the army that was led by the earl of Caer 4 Loy w and Foulke Bruse ; and through an unfrequented door they came in upon the castle, and so attacked the city, and made immense slaughter of the French and the North men. who, being terrified, took to flight, and, like simpletons, every one of them hid himself in the first place he could find. And then the men of king Henry proceeded to the gates, which they broke, and came in, pursuing and killing and taking arid capturing the fugitives. In that battle the earl of Winchester and the earl of Hereford, and Robert Fitz Walter were taken ; and earl 8 Percy, the noblest 2 almost of the French, and Simon 9 de Vescy/ and Hugh de Roch, and Gilbert, earl of Clare, and Robert a/ 10 agreed unanimously, and with one will, upon assembling all the strength of his confederates to pro- ceed to the support b ' M1 the unjust and unendurable taxations and laws ' yr, B> 8 Perssi, B. Persia, E. 0 Depessi, B. de Persi, E. 10 B. » a 298 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. gOnstabyl Kaer Lleom a Geralt 1 [DifGrneuaOs] iarll, a llaOer o rei ereill 2 [pennaf]. Ac anneiryf o nadunt a vodes yn yr auon, ac uelly ydymchoelaGd gOyr y brenhin yn llaOen 2 [dracheuen] drùy noli DuO y gOr a 3 ûnaeth rydit yr bobyl. Ac yna yn ofnaOc y peidy- aOd Lowys ac ymlad ar castell 4 [Kaunt], ac y bryssy- aOd y Lundein. Ac anuon kenadeu aOnaeth y Ffreinc yn ol nertli. Ac yna y kedois gOyr y brenhin y porthueyd a diruaOr lu gantunt. Ac yna y doeth y Ffreinc y hOylaO y moroed a diuessur 2 [o] lyges gan- tunt ; a cliyr bronn Aber auon Temys y bu ymlad ilogeu y rOg y Saesson ar Ffreinc, a gOedy a Had llaOer or Freinc y syrthaOd y uudugolyaeth yr Saes- son. Ac odyna yn byfryt yd ymlioelassant drachefyn wedy gúarchae Lowys yn Llundein. YgkyfrOg hynny o 5 damwein y 6 kymu Eeinald y BreOys ar brenliin. A phan welas Rys ieuanc ac Oòein meibon Gruifud ab Eys 7 [vod] y liewythyr yn mynet yn erbyn yr aruoll aOnathoed Orth wyrda Lloegyr a Chymry. Kyfodi yny erbyn a Onaethant a goresgyn Buellt oil y arnaO ^eithyr y 8 kestyll/ Ac yna y llidiaOd hefyt Llywelyn ab lorwoerth 2 [ty6yssa6c Gwyned] yn erbyn Reinald y BreOys, 9 a thorri yr ' aruoll ac yd 10 aruaethaùd y lu hyt ym BrecheinaGc. Ac y c cychOynnaOd Orth ymlad ac Aber Hodni ac aruaethu y distryO oil. Ac yna 11 yd hedychaOd d gO}^r y dref a c 2 kyOeiraOd y vydinoed dala V 7 athri kastelL d 2 bOrdeisseit 1 b. a 3 Onathoed, B. 1 a e. 5 damOeineu, B. 6 kymodaOd, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 299 de Rupel and Rheinallt de Oressy, constable of Caer- leon, and earl Gerald 1 de Furneuale/ with many other 2 chieftains, were killed ; and a vast number of them were drowned in the river. And thus the king's men joyfully returned 2 back, praising God, Who had wrought freedom for the people. And then, being in fear, Louis desisted from attacking the castle 4 of Canterbury/ and hastened to London, from whence he despatched messengers to France for assistance. And then the king's men guarded the ports with a vast army. And the French came and navigated the seas with an immense fleet. And near the efflux of the river Thames there was a naval fight between the English and the French ; and after many of the French had been a killed, the victory fell to the English, who joyfully returned from thence, having shut up Louis _ f * , in London. In that interval, Rheinallt de Bruse and A-*^ ^ * the king by chance became reconciled. And when /3^2. £Ccr<3-Q— young Rhys and Owain, the sons of GrufFudd, son of Rhys, saw that their uncle was going against the treaty which he . had entered into with the good men of England and Wales, they rose up against him, and wrested the whole of Buellt from him, except b the castles/ Then also Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, 2 prince of Gwynedd/ became angry with Rheinallt de Bruse ; and, breaking the treaty, he directed his army to- wards Brecheiniog ; and he c commenced by attacking Aberhodni, which he designed totally to destroy. And thereupon, the d men of the town made peace with captured, h ' 7 three castles, directed his troops d 2 burgesses E. 8 castell, B. n/ am dorri y, B. 10 aróedaOd, B. 11 J, B. 300 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. LlyAvelyn dróy Rys ieuanc oed gymeredic gymodrodOî y rygfcunt gan rodi pum gOystyl y LyOelyn o uon- hedigyon y dref ar dalu can more idaO kan ny ellynt y OrthOynebu. Ac odyna yd arwedaOd y lu y Wliyr dros y Mynyd Du, yny lie y periglaOd HaOer l o sGmereu. Ac yna y pebyllyaGd yn Llan GiOc. A gOedy gOelet o Reinald 2 [ac o Giliam] y Brewys y diffeitliOch ydoed Lywelyn yny wnenthur 3 yn y gyf- oeth ef agymerth whech marcliaOc urdaOl y gyt ac ef ac adoetli y ymrodi y Lywelyn Orth y gyghor. Ac ynteu arodes castell Sein Henycl idaO a hOnnO a orchymynnaOd Llywelyn dan gadOryaetli Rys Gryc. A gOedy trigyaO yno ycliydic o dydyen a arOein y uydinoed a 4 oruc 2 [y] rygtaO a Dyfet yn erbyn y Fflandraswyr ' yn eruyneit liedOcli y gantaO. Ac nyt edeOis y tywyssaOc y aruaeth namyn tynu y HaOlfford a 5 wnaeth. A chyweiryaù y vydinoed ygkylch y dref ar uedyr ymlad a hi. Ac yna ydaeth Rys ieuanc a lleg o wyr y Deheu y gyt ac ef ydoed yn y bar- Cein drOy avon Gledyf. A dynessau tn ar dref aOnaeth ar niuer hOnnO y gyt ac ef y ymlad yn gyntaf ar dref. Ac yna 6 ydoeth IorOerth escob MynyO a UaOer o grefydOyr ac eglOyssOyr y gyt ac ef yn dyuot att y tyOyssaOc, ac 7 yn arnaethu ffuryf 8 tagnefed ac ef. A llyma y ffuruij nyt amgen rodi o nadunt yr ty- wyssaOc ugein 9 [0ystyl Oros Aphenuro o rei boned- hicca ar talu mil] o vorkeu 2 [idaO] erbyn gOyl Vi- hagel nessaf, neu Oynteu a Orheynt idaO erbyn hynny, a/ 10 adyuot aornc hyt Ygkeuen Kynuarchan, ac yno ykynaruu kennadeu ac ef ygan YfflandrassOyr. 1 ae, B. 8 ar, B. 4 ónaeth, B. 5 oruc, B. 6 nachaf, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PlilNCES. 301 Llywelyn, through young Rhys, who became an accepted arbitrator between them, by delivering five hostages to Llywelyn, of the gentlemen of the town, that they would pay him a hundred marks, since they could not oppose him. And from thence he conducted his army to Gower, over the Black Mountain, where many sumpters were endangered ; and then he encamped at Llangiwg. When Rheinallt 2 and William ' de Bruse observed the devastation that Llywelyn was com- mitting in his territory, he took six noble knights with him, and came to give himself up to the disposal of Llywelyn, who gave him the castle of Senghenydd, which Llywelyn had entrusted to the custody of Rhys the Hoarse. And after remaining there a few days, a he led his army towards Dyved, against the Flem- ings/ who were suing for peace from him. Yet the prince did not give up his purpose, but drew towards Haverford, and arranged his troops round the town, with the intention of fighting against it. And there- upon, young Rhys, at the head of a body of the men of the South, of whom he was leader, went through the river Cleddyv, and approached the town, having that retinue with him, in order to attack the town first. And then, Iorwerth, bishop of Menevia, accom- panied by many of the religious and clergy, came to the prince, and proposed terms of peace to him. And these were the terms, namely, they were to give the prince twenty 9 hostages from Rhos and Pembroke, of the noblest, that they would pa}^ him a thousand' marks by next Michaelmas ; or otherwise they were to a ' 10 he came to Cevn Cynwarchan, where messengers met him from the Flemings, 7 y, B. I • C. E. 8 tagnef, B. \ 10 C. 302 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ac y kynhelynt y danaO yn dragywydaOl. A gûedy liynny ydymchoelaOd paOb y wlat. Ac ygkyfrOg hynny y traethOyt am dagnefed y rOg Henri urenkin Lloegyr a Lowys uab brenliin Ffreinc. Ac ual bynn y bu y dagneved y rygtunt, nyt amgen talu o Henri vrenhin y ieirll a barôneit y deyrnas y kyfreitheu 1 ae gossodeu ' y buassei a yr afreol ' oe liachaOs y rygtunt a Ieuan urenbin, a 2 gellOg paOb or carcbaroryon a dalyssit o acbaOs y ^ ryfel hûnnû/ a thalu diruaür súmp o aryant y LoOys uab brenliin Ffreinc, drOy dyghu o bonaO ynteu deyrnas Loegyr yn dragywydaOL Ac yna gOedy cael sùmp o aryant ac ellOg 3 [o] sentens yskym- undaòt y mordOyaOd yn Ffreinc. Ac yna y bu kyff- redyn ellygdaOt o wahardedigaetb yr eglOysseu drOy boll deyrnas Loegyr a Chymry ac IOerdon. YgkyfrOg hynny yd ymladaGd GGilim Marscal a Chaer Llion, ac y goreskynnaOd kany chytsynyassei y Kymry ar dagnefed ucbot gan dybygu 3 [y] ebrygofi 3 [yn] y kymot 3 [neu ydielOi |. Ac yna y distryOaOd Rys Gryc gastell Sein Henyd a holl gestyll GOhyr 3 [ae ke- dernit]. Ac y deholes y giOaOt Saesson a oedynt yny wlat bonno oil heb 4 obeithaO ymcboelut byth drach- efyn gan gymryt kymeint ac afynaOd 5 o da, a dodi Kymry y bressúylaO yn y tired. MCCXVIII. Y ulOydyn rac ûyneb y rydbaaOd y Grist- onogaeth y wyr y Deheu, ac y rodet Kaer Uyrdin ac Aber Teifi 3 [y] dan gadOryaetb Llywelyn uab Ior- o/ 3 yryuel b ' 3 ryueloed bynuy, v oe gossodedigaetliau, B. 2 goUOg, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 303 do homage to liim by that time, and were to hold under him for ever. And after that every one re- turned to his country. And in that interval pacifica- tion was declared between Henry king of England, and Louis, son of the king of France. And the paci- fication was thus between them, namely, king Henry was to restore to the earls and barons of the kingdom the laws and institutions, on account of which a the disturbance' had taken place between them and king J ohn ; and each party was to liberate the prisoners taken on account of b that war;' and an immense sum of money was to be paid to Louis, the son of the king of France, he forswearing the kingdom of England for ever. Then, after obtaining the sum of money, and being absolved 3 from the sentence of excommunication, he sailed for France. And then, there was an univer- sal remission of the interdiction of the churches, through the whole kingdom of England and Wales and Ire- land. In that interval, William Marshall fought against Caerleon, and took it ; for the Welsh had not con- sented to the above pacification, supposing the agree- ment to have been forgotten, 8 or disregarded/ - And then Ehys the Hoarse destroyed the castle of Senghen- ydd, and all the castles of Gower, 3 and their strength/ And he expelled the English population that were in that country entirely, so that they had no hope ever to return back, taking as much property as he chose, and placing Welshmen to dwell in the lands. 1218. The ensuing year, Christianity was rendered free to the men of the South ; and Caermarthen and Aberteivi were put under the custody of Llywelyn, < a ' 3 the war 3 those wars, 4 obeith, B. I 5 oe, B. BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. woerth. Ac yna ydaeth Rys ieuanc l e hunan' 2 [a lioll dywysogion — drwy gyngor Llywelyn] y lys y brenliin o Deheubarth y wneuthur gûrogaeth idaO. Y ulùydyn honno ydaeth llawer o groessogyon y Gaerussalem y rûg y rei yd aeth iarll Kaer Lleon, a iarll Marscal 3 [a Brian o 4 Vilis], a llawer o wyrda ereill o Loegyr. Y ulöydyn honno y mordOyaOd llud y Cristonogyyn hyt yn 5 Dametta. Ac yny blaen yn ty wyssogyon yd oed brenhin Kaerussalem a phadriarch Kaerus- salem, a meistyr y demyl, a meistyr yr yspytty, a thy wyssaOc AOstria, ac ymlad ar dref a 6 orugant ae goresgyn ; a chastell a oed ygkanaOl yr auon wedy adeilat ar logeu, hOnnO a eskynnaOd y pererinyaOn ar yscolyon ac 7 ae torrassant wedy Had llaOer or Saras- sinyeit a dala ereill. MCCXIX. Y ulùydyn rac 6yneb y priodes Rys Gryc uerch iarll Clar, ac y priodes Ion y Breûys Vargaret verch Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth. Y ulOydyn honno yrodes yr holl gyfoethaOc DuO dinas 8 Damiet yn yr Eifft a oed ar avon Nilus y lu y Cristonogyon aoed wedy blinaO o hir ymlad ar dinas ; kanys dOy- waùl racweledigaeth aberis y veint uarOolyaeth 3 [ary bopyl] yny dinas hyt na allei y rei buO gladu y rei meirO. Kanys y dyd y cahat y dinas ydoed mOy no theirmil o gyrff y meirù ar hyt yr heolyd megys k6n heb y cladn. Ar dyd hOnnO yr molyant a gogonyant yr CreaGdyr y creOyt archescob yny dinas. mccxx. Ugein mlyned a deu cant a mil oed oet Crist pan dyrchafOyt corff Thomas uerthyr y gan YstyfFan archescob Keint, a chardinal o Rufein, ac y dodet yn enrydedus y my On y serin o gywreinweith J/ ehun, B. 2 a e. 4 Lile, C, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 305 son of Iorwerth. And then young Rhys went him- self, 2 and all the princes, — by the advice of Llyw- elyn/ to the court of the king, from South Wales, to do him homage. That year, many crusaders went to Jerusalem, among whom went the earl of Caerleon, and earl Marshall, 3 and Bryan de 4 Ville," with many other good men from England. That same year, an armament of Christians sailed to 5 Damietta, whose leaders were the king of Jerusalem, and the patri- arch of Jerusalem, and the master of the Temple, and the master of the Hospital, and the prince of Austria. They attacked the town, and obtained possession of it ; and there was a castle in the middle of the river, constructed upon ships ; that was scaled by the pil- grims with ladders, and they demolished it, after killing many of the Saracens, and capturing others. 1219. The ensuing year, Rhys the Hoarse married the daughter of the earl of Clare ; and John de Bruse married Margaret, the daughter of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth. That year, the Almighty God delivered the city of 8 Damietta in Egypt, which was upon the river Nile, to the army of the Christians, who were wearied with long fighting against the city ; for Divine providence caused such mortality 3 among the people' in the city, that the living could not bury the dead ; as, on the day the city was obtained, more than three thousand dead bodies were found about the streets, like dogs, unburied. And on that day, to the praise and glory of the Creator, an archbishop was consecrated in the city. 1220. One thousand two hundred was the year of Christ, when the body of Thomas the Martyr was raised by Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, and a cardinal from Rome, and was honourably deposited 7 a, B. I 8 Dannet, B. U 306 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. eur ac aryant a mein gOerthuaGr yneglOys y DrindaOt Ygkeint. Y uluydyn honno 1 [gwyl Ievan y kols nesaf ar liynny] y gelwis Llywelyn ab IorOoerth attaO ganmOyaf tywyssogyou Kymry oil, a chynullaO diruaOr lu aoruc am benn Fnandrasswyr Ros a Phen- uro, am dorri onadunt yr hedOch ar gygreir aOnath- oed wyr Lloegyr y rOg y Saeson ar Kymry, drùy wneuthur mynych gyrcheu ar y Cymry ac afionydu arnunt. Ar dyd kyntaf y cyrchaOd gastell Arberth yr hOnn aadeilassei y Flandrasswyr wedy y distryO or Kymry kynno hynny. A chael y castell y dreis aOnaeth ae vOrO yr llaOr, wedy Had rei or castellwyr a llosgi ereill acharcharu ereill. A thrannoeth y dis- tryOaOd gastell Gùis ac y llosges y dref. Y trydyd dyd y doeth y HaOlíìbrd ac y llosges y dref oil hyt ymporth y castell. Ac uelly y cylchynaOd ef Ros a Deu Gledyf pump niOarnaOt drOy wneuthur diruaOr aerua ar bobyl y Olat. A gOedy. gOneuthur kygreir ar Flandrasswyr hyt galan Mei yd ymchoelaOd dra- chefyn yn llaOen hyfryt. MCCXXI. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb ymagòyt teruysc y rOg LlyOelyn ab IorOoerth a Gruffud y uab o achaOs kantref Meironnyd a darestygassei Ruffud idaù. 0 achaOs y sarhaadeu 2 a Onathoed y kantref hOnnO idaO ac 8 y wyr. A llidyaOc vu Lywelyn am hynny, a chynnullaO llu a chyrchu lie ydoed Ruffud drOy 4 vygOth y r dial yr hynt honno arnaO ac ar y wyr. Ac aros awnaeth Gruffud yn ehofyn dyuotyat y dat wedy kyweiryaO y vydinoed ae lu. Ac yna ydedrych- a e. I 2 ry, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 307 in a shrine of curious workmanship of gold and silver y q f and precious stones, in the church of the Trinity, / J/i^^j /2 < O at Canterbury. That year, 1 on the feast of S. J ean 7^ c+^^u^' ^ e ^°^ ces next after that/ Llywelyn, son of Ior- "^werth, cited to him most of the princes of all Wales, f J and collected a vast army to go against the Flem- ings of Rhos and Pembroke, because of their breaking the peace and the treaty, which the men of England had made between the English and the Welsh, by their committing frequent depredations upon the Welsh, and harrassing them. On the first day he attacked the castle of Arberth, which the Flemings had built, after having been formerly destroyed by the Welsh ; and he obtained the castle by force, and threw it to the ground, after killing some of the garrison, burning others, and capturing others. And the following day he destroyed the castle of Gwys, and burned the town. The third day he came to Haverford, and burned the whole of the town to the castle gate. And thus he went round Rhos and Deu- gleddyv in five days, making vast slaughter of the people of the country. And after making a truce with the Flemings until the calends of May, he returned back joyful and happy. 1221. The ensuing year, a dispute was engendered between Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, and his son Gruf- fudd, on account of the cantrev of Meirionydd, which had been subjected by Gruffudd, because of the insults offered to him and his men by that cantrev. And Llywelyn became angry on that account, and collected an army, and proceeded to where Gruffudd Vas, threatening to revenge that proceeding upon him and upon his men. And Gruffudd boldly awaited the coming of his father, having arranged his troops and oe, B. I 4/ vygythyaG, B. u 2 308 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. aOd doethon o Lop tu meint y perigyl aoed yn dyuot. Ac annoc awnaethant y Ruffud ymrodi ef 1 ae da' yn ewyllys y dat, ac annoc 2 hefyt awnaeth- ant y Lywelyn kymryt y nab yn hedOch ac yn drugaraOc amadeu idaO gObyl oe lit o ewyltys y gallon, ac nelly y gOnaethpOyt ; ac yna ydnc Llywelyn gant- ref Meironnyd y ar RufFud, a chymGt Ardudòy. A declireu adeilat castell 2 yndaO aOnaetli ida6 ehun. YgkyfrOg h} 7 nny yllidyaOd Rys ieuanc Crth yr arglOycl Lywelyn, ac yd ymedeOis ac ef ac ydaeth att Wilim Marscal iarll Penuro, o achaOs rodi o Lywelyn Gaer Uyrdin y TJaelgOn ab Rys, ac na rodei idaO ynteu Aber Teifi aoed yny rann pan rannOyt Deheubartli. Ac yna y deutli Llywelyn aelu hyt yn Aber YstOyth. Ac y goresgynnaüd y castell ar kyuoeth aoed OrthaO, ac ae dodes dan y arglùydiaeth ehun. Ac yna y kyrchaOd Rys ieuanc lys y brenhin, a chOynaO aoruc Orth y brenhin am y sarhaet awnathoed LyOelyn idaO. A a duunaO aOnaeth y brenhin attaO LyOelyn a ieirll a barOneit y Mars hyt yn AmOythic. Ac yny kygor hOnnO y 3 kymodrodet Rys ieuanc a Llywelyn ab IorOoerth, ac yd edewis Llywelyn idaO Aber Teiui megys y rodassei Gaer Vj^rdin y VaelgOn ab Rys. Y uldydyn honno yd aeth llu y Cristonogyon 4 Damieit yn yr Eifft tu a Babilon Orth ymlad a hi, ac nys gadaOd dial DuO. Kanys llifaO aOnaeth auon Nilus ar y fFord 5 [yr wythuet dyd o wyl Veir diwoethaf or a ° dyvynnu v ai* eidaO, B. 2 yno, B. 3 kymydOjt, B. 4 Dannet, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 309 his host. And thereupon, the wise on both sides ob- served the impending danger, and exhorted Gruffudd to deliver himself and his property up to the will of his father. And they likewise exhorted Llywelyn to receive his son in peace and pity, and, from the bottom of his heart, to forego the whole of his anger ; and thus was it accomplished. And thereupon, Llywelyn took the cantrev of Meirionydd, and comot of Ardud- wy, from Gruffudd ; and commenced building a castle therein for himself. In that interval, young Rhys became angry with the lord Llywelyn, and separated from him, and went to William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, because Llywelyn had given Caermarthen to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and would not give Aber- teivi to him, which fell to his share when South Wales was divided. Then Llywelyn, with his army, came to Aberystwyth, and obtained possession of the castle, with the territory attached to it, and placed it under his own dominion. And then young Rhys repaired to the court of the king, and complained to the king of the insult that Llywelyn had offered him. And the king a assembled Llywelyn and the earls and barons of the marches to Shrewsbury. And in that council young Rhys and Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, were reconciled; and Llywelyn relin- quished Aberteivi in his favour, as he had given Caermarthen to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, That year, the army of the Christians of 4 Damietta in Egypt proceeded towards Babylon, with the view of attack ing it ; but the vengeance of God suffered it not ; for the river Nile flooded over their way, 5 the octave a6 summoned j 6 Bi 310 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. kynhayaf], ae gòarchei r6g dOy afon yny vodes anneiryf o 1 nadunt, 2 Ac yna keithiwaO' ereill. Ac yna y goruu arnunt dalu 3 Damiet yr Sarassinyeit drachefyn dros y bowyt ac rydit y keith, a gGneu- thur kygreir Cytli mlyned ac 6ynt. Ac 4 odyno y hebrygaGd y Sarassinyeit Cynt hyt yn Acrys lie ny wydit dim y Grth groes Grist, namyn trugared DuG e hun ae talaOd udunt. Y ulOydyn honno 5 [am gylch gwyl Nicolaws] y kyOeiraOd Ion y BreOys gastell 6 [Aber Tawy a] 7 Sein Henyd drOy gennat a chyghor Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth. MCCXXII. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarò Rys ieuanc 5 [ap Gruffud ap yr arglwyd Kys yn was ieuang arderchawc y volyant ay buolder ay synnwyr ay brudder ay doethineb yn oleuat yr henyon yn haelder a chlot agem yr ieueing yn anryded agogon- yant athegwch achedernyt anorchyuygedic yr march- ogyon yn golofyn athwr atharyan y wlat yndat abugeil athatmaetli yr ysgolheigyon yn wastadrwyd abonhed ahedwcb. Acbannawl yr pobloed yn long a phorthloed ac amdiffynwr yrgweinyeit yn sathrwr ac aruthder ac ouyn y elynyon yn vn gobeith y holl Delieubartli a liynny drwy bir nychdawt heint a dolur y mis Awst], ac y cladOyt yn Ystrat Fflur gOedy kymryt penyt achymyn a chyffes ac abit 8 [y] crefyd ymdanaO. A gOedy hynny y kauas Owein ab Gruffud y vn braOt ran oe gyfoeth, a ran arall arodes Llywelyn ab Iorwerth y VaelgOn ab Kys. Y vlOydyn honno y mordOyaOd GOilim Yarscal iarll Penuro y Iwerdon. 1 honunt, B. v a cheithiaú, B. I 8 Dannet, B. Damacham, E. j 4 odyna, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 311 of the feast of St. Mary, last in the autumn/ and they were hemmed in between two rivers, so that an immense number were drowned ; and then the others were captured. And then they were com- pelled to restore 3 Damietta back to the Saracens, to save their lives, and be freed from bondage, and to enter into a truce with them for eight years. And from thence the Saracens conveyed them to Acre, where nothing was known of the cross of Christ ; but the mercy of God Himself rewarded them. That year, 5 about the feast of St. Nicholas/ John de Bruse repaired the castle of 7 Abertawy and' Senghenydd, by the permission and advice of Llywelyn, son of lorwerth. 1222. The ensuing year, died young Rhys, 5 son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys, being a young man famous for his praise and bravery and sense and wis- dom — the light of the old — the liberality and fame and gem of the young— the honour and glory and beauty and invincible strength of the knights — the pillar and tower of his country — the father and shep- herd and fosterfather of the scholars, — constancy, gen- tility, and peace ; — being a mediator for the people, a ship and harbour and a defender to the weak — the treader and admiration and terror of his enemies — the sole hope of all South Wales — and that after a long and lingering disorder, in the month of August ; ' and was buried at Strata Florida, after taking penance and communion and confession and the habit of religion. And after that, Owain, son of Gruffudd, his only brother, obtained part of his territory, and another part Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, gave to Maelgwn, son of Rhys. That year, William Marshall, earl of Pem- broke, sailed to Ireland. 7 Not in C. 312 BEUT Y TYWYSOGION. mccxxiii. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y doetli GOilim Varscal o Iwerdon, alluossogrOyd o varchogyon a phedyt gantaO 1 a diruaOr lyges 2 [y vynut] yr tir amgylch Sul y Blodeu. A duO Llun 3 [Pasc] y kyrch- aùd Aber Teiui, ar dyd hOnnO y rodet y castell idaO ; a duO Merchyr rac Oyneb y tynnaOd y Gaer Uyrdin, ac y kauas y castell hOnnO hefyt. A phan gigleu Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth hynny y gOr ydoed gadOr- yaeth y kestyll gantaO o blegyt y brenhin anuon Grufud y uab aoruc a diruaOr luossogröyd o lu gantaO y OrthOynebu yr iarll. A phan gigleu Grufud uot bryt y iarll ar dyuot y Getweli, kyrchu 4 awnaeth adylyedogyon Kymry y gyt ac ef. a A choffau aOnaeth' Rys Gryc rac brat y gan y bOrgeisseit, a cheissaO kyiFroi y Kymry y diogelûch y coedyd, ac nys 5 gadyssant namyn kyrchu y dref aOnaethant, a llosgi y dref ar eglOys hyt y prid. A phan gigleu y iarll hynny kyrchu drOy Tywi awnaeth y bont Gaer Yyrdin. Ac aros Gruffud ab Llywelyn yn ehofyn a 6 Onaeth. A gOedy hir ymlad y rann vOyaf or dyd ymchoelut a wnaeth pob un or deu lu y Orth y gilyd y 7 pebylleu wedy Had llawer o bop tu, a brathu ereill. Ac yna rac neOyn ydymchoelaOd Gruffud ab Llywelyn b y wlat drachefyn/ Ac yna y kyweiraOd y iarll gastell Kaer Vyrdin. Ac y dechreuaOd adeilat kasteil Kil Gerran. Ny bu bell Cedy dechreu y gOeith yny doeth llythyreu attaO y gan y brenhin, a/ 8 Ac ofynhau aoruc b/ 8 oe Mat. 1 my6n, B. 2 B. C. • >B. I 4 a oruc, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 313 1223. The ensuing year, William Marshall returned from Ireland with a multitude of cavalry and infantry, and came 2 up to land with a vast fleet about Palm Sunday. And on 3 Easter Monday he approached Aber- teivi ; and on that day the castle was delivered to him ; and on the Wednesday following he drew to Caermarthen, and obtained that castle also. And when Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, heard that, — the person who had the custody of the castles, on the part of the king, — he sent GrufFudd his son with a very numerous army to oppose the earl. And when GrufFudd understood that it was the intention of the earl to come to Cydweli, he proceeded towards it, accompanied by the nobility of Wales. And Khys the Hoarse a reminded them that they were to guard' against the treachery of the burgesses, and endea- voured to excite the Welsh to seek the safety of the woods ; but they did not give way, for they pro- ceeded to the town, and burned the town and the church to the ground. When the earl heard of this, he proceeded through the Tywi by the bridge of Caer- marthen, and boldly awaited GrufFudd, son of Llyw- elyn. And after continued fighting for the greater part of the day, each of the two armies separated and returned to' their tents, after killing many on both sides, and wounding others. And then, for lack of provision, GrufFudd, son of Llywelyn, returned b back to his country/ Then the earl repaired the castle of Caermarthen ; and began to build the castle of Cil- gerran. It was not long after the work was com- menced, before there came letters to him from the 0/8 was afraid b ' 8 from his country. 5 gadassant, B. 6 oruc, B. 7 bepyllu, B. 8 J5. 314 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ac archescob Keint y erclii idaO dyuot yny briaOt berson y atteb ger y bron CyntOy ac y wneuthur iaOn am aOnathoed ac y gymryt iaOn y gan y tyw- yssaúc am bop cam or aOnathoed idaO. Ar iarll a ufudhaaOd yr a gorchymynneu a mordOyaO a 'Onaeth y myOn Hog hyt yn Lloegyr gyt ac ychydic o nifer, ac adaO y lu Ygkilgerran y gynal y gOeith dechreu- edic ac y 2 nerthockau y lie y b gùelynt berigyl. Ac ymdangos aOnaethant y gyt yn LlGtlaO y tywyssaOc 3 [ygyt] ar ^ ar ^ gy r bron kyghor y brenliin ararch- escob. A gOedy naellit eu kymot aruaethu aOnaeth y iarll drOy nerth iarll FerOr, a Henri 4 Pictot arglOyd Euas dyuot drOy gyuoeth c y tywyssaOc ' tu ae wlat, ac nys gallaOd. Kanys Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth 5 a anuonassei' Ruffud y nab a diruaOr lu y gyt ac ef, a Rys Gryc ae wyr hyt 6 Ygkarny wyllaOn y ragot y iarll ae wyr 7 [ac yno y lias efj, Ac ynteu LyGeryn ae holl allu adeuth hyt ym mab Udrut. Ac yno aros chOedleu a wnaeth y Orth y wyr, ac y Orth dyuotedigaeth y iarll. Mccxxiv. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb yd aeth kofeint or Ty GOyn y bressOylaO 7 [yr brynn wylovus] y GOyndir yn Iwerdon. MCCXXV. Y vlOydyn arall rac llaO y bu uarO Ked- iuor abat Ystrat Fflur. mccxxvi. Y ulOydyn rac llaO y bu uarO Lowys vrenhin Ffreinc. a3 gorchymun b3 gellynt c /3 hOnnO 1 oruc, B. 2 nerthaO, B. 3 £- I 4 Rigot, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 315 king and the archbishop of Canterbury, requiring him to come in his proper person to answer before them, and to make satisfaction for what he had done, and to receive satisfaction from the prince for every wrong he had done him. And the earl obeyed the a com- mands, and sailed with a small retinue in a ship for England, leaving his army at Cilgerran, to carry on the work commenced, and to strengthen the place where they might b observe danger. And the prince and the earl appeared together at Ludlow before the council of the king and the archbishop. And since they could not be reconciled, the earl designed through the aid of earl Ferers and Henry Pictot, lord of Ewias, to pro- ceed through the territory of c the prince' to his own country ; but he was not able, because Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, had sent his son GrufFudd, and a large army with him, and Rhys the Hoarse, and his men, to Carnwyllon, to intercept the earl and his men, 7 and there was he slain/ And Llywelyn him- self, with all his power, proceeded to Mabudrud ; and there he waited for tidings from his men, and as to the advance of the earl. 1224). The ensuing year, a convent went from the White House to dwell 7 on the hill of lamentation' at Whitland in Ireland. 1225. The other forthcoming year, Cedivor, abbot of Strata Florida, died. 1226. The forthcoming year, Louis, king of France, died. aS command, b3 be capable of c ' 3 that person 5 ' anuones, B. 6 YgkarnGallaGn, B. 316 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mccxxvji. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y delit Rys Gryc yn 1 Llanarttineu y gan Rys Vyclian y vab, a thros gastell Llan Ymdyfri y gellygwyt. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO Maredud uab yr arglOyd Rys archdiagon KeredigyaOn ym 2 [eglwys Veir yn Llanbedyr Tal] Pont Ystyflan, ac y ducpOyt y gorff y VynyO ac y cladOyt yn enrydedus y gan Iorwoerth escob MynyO yn eglOys 3 [DeOi] gyr llaO bed yr arglOyd Rys y dat. MCCXXViu. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y doeth Henri 4 [vrenhin] a cbedernit Lloegyr y gyt ac ef y Gymry, ac aruaethu darestOg Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth a holl dywyssogyon Kymry idaO. Ac yny lie aelwir 5 Kori y pebyllyaGd ; ac or tu arall yr coet yd ymgynullaOd y Kymry y gyt a LlyOelyn ab Iorwoerth 6 eu tyw- yssaOc y OrtliOynebn yr brenhin. Ac yna kyrclm 7 y gelynyon awnaethant ac ymlad ac Oynt yn duruig, a gOneuthur diruaOr aerua arnunt. Ac yno y delit Gûilim BreOys ieuanc yn vrathedic, ac y carcharOyt ; a thros y ellygdaOt ef y rodet y Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth gastell Buellt ar wlat a diruaOr sOmp o aryant. Ac yna yd ymhoelaOd y brenhin y Loegyr yn geOilydyus, eithyr cael gOrogaeth o honaö y gan y tyGyssogyon aoedynt yno, a 8 ffuruaO tagnefed y rygtaO a Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth. mccxxix. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Iorwoerth escob MynyO. MCXXX. Deg mlyned arhugeint adeucant a mil oed Crist pan 9 uord0ya0d Henri urenhin a diruaOr lu aruaOc y gyt ac ef y Ffreinc ar uedyr enill y dylyet o Normandi ar AngiO, a PheittaO. Ac yn 1 Llanarth, E. 2 C. Llanbedr Tal, E. *B. C. s Keri, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 317 1227. The ensuing year, Rhys the Hoarse was cap- tured at 1 Llanarthneu by his son, Rhys the Little ; and for the castle of Llanymddyvri was liberated. That year, Maredudd, son of the lord Rhys, arch- deacon of Ceredigion, died 2 in the church of St. Mary, at Llanbedr Tal ' Pont Stephan, and his body was conveyed to Menevia, where he was honourably bu- ried by Iorwerth, bishop of Menevia, in the church 3 of St. David/ near the grave of the lord Rhys, his father. 1223. The ensuing year, 4 king Henry, having with him the strength of England, came to Wales, intend- ing to subjugate Llywelyn, son. of Iorwerth, and all the Welsh princes ; and encamped in the place called Ceri ; and on the other side of the wood, the Welsh, with Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, their prince, assem- bled to oppose the king. And there they attacked their enemies, and fought with them furiously, mak- ing vast slaughter of them. And there, young William Br use was taken wounded, and imprisoned ; anxTfor his liberation the castle of Buellt, with the district, and a vast sum of money, was given to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth. And then the king returned to Eng- land with shame, only he obtained the homage of the princes, who were there, and formed a pacification between him and Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth. 1229. The ensuing year, Iorwerth, bishop of Men- evia, died. 1230. One thousand two hundred and thirty was the year of Christ, when king Henry, having with him a vast armed host, sailed for France, with the intention of obtaining his right as to Normandy and Anjou and Poictou. And soon after that, on account 6 y, B. 7 eu, B. 8 phuruahu, B. 9 YoróydaOd, B. 318 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ebrOyd wedy hynny o achaOs tymhestyl a marOolyaeth drOy y dOyllaO oe aruaetli yd ymchoelaOd y Loegyr. Y vlOydyn honuo y bu varO GOilim CamtaOn o Gemeis. Ac yna y bu uarò Llywelyn ab MaelgOn ieuanc yn gyuoeth YggOyned, ac y cladOyt yn Aber ConOy yn enrydedns. Y v]6ydyn honno y croget GOilim BreOys ieuanc y gan Lywelyn ab Iorwoerth wedy y dala yn ystauell y tyOyssaOe gyt a 1 [dwysoges Sioned] merch Ieuean urenhin gOreic y tywyssaOc. MCCXXXI. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO MaelgOn uab Bys yn Llanerch Aeron, ac y cladOyt yn y cabidyldy yn Ysfcrat Fflur. Y vlOydyn honno yd adeilaOd Henri urenhin gastell Paen yn Eluael. Odyna 2 [o] achaOs a teruysc a vuassei' y rOg Llywelyn ab IorOoerth ar brenhin y llosges LlyOelyn dref y castell Baldwin a Maeshyfeid ar Gelli ac Aber Hodni, ac a distryOaOd y kestyll hyt y UaOr. 3 Odyna y tynnaOd y Went ac y gOnaeth Gaer Llion yn lludO kyt collit bonedigyon yno. Ac odyna y b kychOyn- naOd y gestyll Ned a chastell Ketweli ac y byryaOd yr llaOr/ Y ulOydyn honno y llosges MaelgOn ieuanc 4 [ap] MaelgOn ab Bys Aber Teiui hyt ymporth y cas- tell ac y lladaOd yr holl 5 vOrgeisseit, ac 6 a ymchoel- aOd yn vudugaOl wedy cael diruaOr anreith ac amylder o yspeil. Ac odyna ydymchoelaOd ac y torres pont Aber Teiui. Ac 3 odyna y doeth 2 [ef] att Owein ab Gruffud 1 [ap yr arglwydd Rys i gefhderw] a gOyr a/ 7 teruysgeu avagyssit b' 7 kyfuchaOd kestyll Ned achastell KetOeli ar llaOr. 1 E. I 3 Yna, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 319 of a storm and mortality, being disappointed of his purpose, he returned to England. That year, William Canton of Cemaes died. Then young Llywelyn, son of Maelgwn, died, on his estate in Gwynedd, and was honourably buried at Aberconway. That year, William Bruse was hanged by Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, kaving been caught in the chamber of the prince, with 1 the princess Jannet/ daughter of king John, and wife of the prince. 1231. The ensuing year, Maelgwn, son of Rhys, died at Llanerch Aeron, and was buried in the chap- ter house at Strata Florida. That year, king Henry built Pain's Castle in Elvael. Then, on account of the a dispute which had taken place ' between Llywelyn, son of lorwerth and the king, Llywelyn burned the town and castle of Baldwin, and Maes Hyveidd, and Gelli, and Aberhodni, and razed the castles to the ground. From thence he drew into Gwent, and reduced Caerleon to ashes, whilst some gentlemen were lost there. And from thence he b started for the castle of Nedd, and the castle of Cydweli, and cast them to the ground/ That year, young Maelgwn, 4 son of' Maelgwn, son of Rhys, burned Aberteivi to the gate of the castle, and slew all the burgesses, and returned victoriously, after obtaining vast spoil and a profusion of booty. And then he returned, and broke down the bridge of Aberteivi. And from thence he came to Owain, son of Gruffudd, 1 son of the lord Ehys, his cousin/ and the men of Llywelyn, a ' 7 disputes which had been fostered b ' 7 levelled the castles of Nedd, and the castle of Cydweli, with the ground. 5 vOrdeisseit, B. 6 yd, B. 320 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. 'Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth y ymlad ar castell, a cbyn penn ychydic o dydyeu y torrassant y castell amag- neleu. Ac y goruu ar y castellwyr adaO y muroed arodi y castell. mccxxxii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Ion 1 [y] BreGys o greulaûn ageu wedy y essigaO oe varch. Ac yna y bu uarO iarll Kaer Llion. Ac y bu uarO 2 Ybraham escob Llan 8 ElOy. mccxxxiit. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb ydatgyweiryaOd Rickert iarll 4 Penuro braOt Henri urenhin gastell Maessyfeid yr liOnn adistrywassei Lywelyn ab Ior- woerth yr ysdOy vlyned kyn no hynny. Y ulOydyn honno a kyrchaOd Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth YrecheinaOc, ac y distryOaOd holl gestyll athrefyd y wlat, drOy anreithaO ac yspeilaO pop He. Ac ymlad achastell Aber Hodni vis a 5 0naeth gyt a blifieu a magneleu, ac yny diwed 6 peidyaO drOy ymchoelut y dref 1 [oil] yn lludO. Ac 7 yna ar y ymhoel y llosges dref GolunOy ac y darostygaOd Dyffryn 8 TeueityaOc. Ac odyno 9 [llosgi y Trallwng] y kyrchaOd y Castell Coch ac y byryaOd yr llaOr. Ac y llosges dref Croes Oswallt. Y ulOydyn honno y bu teruysc rOg Henri urenhin a Rickert Marscal iarll Penuro. Ac yna y kytaruolles y iarll a Llywelyn uab Iorwoerth ac athyOyssogyon Kymry. Ac yny lie kynullaO diruaOr lu aoruc ef ac Owein ab Gruffud 9 X a P y r arglwyd Rys], a chyrchu am ben Aber 10 MynyO aOnaethant ae losgi a gOneuthur aerua o wyr y brenhin aoedynt yno yn kadO. Odyna yn ebrOyd y goresgynnassant hynn o 9 [drevi a] gestyll, 1 [nyt amgen] Kaer Dyf, ac Aber Gefenni, Penn Kelli, Blaen Llyfhi, BOlch y 1 B. 2 Efream, B. 3 ElyO, B. 4 Kernyt, B. 5 oruc, B. 6 y peidaOd, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 321 son of Iorwerth, to fìo-lifc against the castle, and before the end of a few days, they broke the castle with engines ; and the garrison was compelled to quit the walls, and to deliver up the castle. 1232. The ensuing year, John 1 de Bruse died of a cruel death, having been bruised by his horse. Then the earl of Caerleon died. And 2 Abraham, bishop of Llanelwy, died. 1233. The ensuing year, Rickert, earl of 4 Pem- broke, brother to king Henry, repaired the castle of Maes Hyveidd, which had been destroyed by Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, two years previously. That year, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, proceeded to Brech- einiog, and destroyed all the castles and towns of the country, ravaging and despoiling every place. And he fought against the castle of Aberhodni for a month, with missiles and engines, and in the end desisted, after reducing 1 all the town to ashes. And then, on his return, he burned the town of Colunwy, and subjugated the Vale of Teveidiog. And after that, 9 having burned Trallwng/ he proceeded to the Red Castle, and razed it to the ground, and burned the town of Oswestry. That year, there was a dispute between king Henry and Rickert Marshall, earl of Pembroke. And then the earl entered into treaty with Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and the Welsh princes ; and immediately he, and Owain, son of Gruf- fudd, 9 son of the lord Rhys/ assembled a vast army, and proceeded against Aber Mynyw, and burned it, and slaughtered the king's men, who were there in garrison. Afterwards, they soon reduced these 9 towns and' castles, to wit, Cardiff and Abergavenny, Pen Gelli, Blaen Llyvni, and Bwlch y Dinas, and razed 7 odyna, B. I 9 E. 8 Teueidat, B. 10 MynyOy, 322 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. dinas, ac ae byryassant oil yr llaOr 1 eitliyr Kaer Dyf. Y ulOydyn honno ydymgynullaOd MaelgOn Vychan ab MaelgOn ab Rys ? ac Owein ab Gruffud 2 [ap yr arglwydd Rys] 3 [a] Eys a Gryc 4 ae meibon hOynteu, a llu Llywelyn ab IorOoerth, a llu iarll Penuro am benn Kaer Uyrdin. Ac ymlad a hi tri- mis agOneuthur pont ar Tywi aorugant. Ac yna y doeth y llogwyr yn aruaOc y gyt ar llanO y dorri y bont. A gòedy gOelet or Kymry na ffrOythei y hynt udunt ymchoelut aOnaethant y gOlatoed. Y vlOydyn honno y bu uarO Rys Gryc yn Llann DeilaO vaOr, ac y cladOyt ym MynyO yn ymyl bed y dat. Y ulOydyn honno y gorffennaOd MaelgOn Vychan 5 [ap Maelgwn ap Rys] adeilat castell Tref I lan yr hOnn a dechreuassei UaelgOn y dat'kynno hynny. MCCXXXiv. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y brathOyt Rickert iarll Penuro y myOn brOydyr yn 6 [y] Iwerdon wed}^ y adaO oe uarchogyon yn dOyllodrus, a chyn penn y pytheOnos y bu uarO. Y ulOydyn honno y gellygOyt Grufud ab LlyOelyn ab Iorwoeth wedy y vot yg- karchar whe blyned. Y vlOydyn honno y bu uarO KatwallaOn uab MaelgOn o Vaelenyd yny Cwm Hir. mccxxxv. Y vlOydyn rac wyneb y bu uarO Owein ab Gruffud 2 [ap yr arglwydd Rys' 7 gwr bonhedic o genedyl ac adwyn o deuodeu doeth a hael a chlod- uawr] yn Ystrat Filur duO Merchyr wedy yr Oyth- uet dyd o YstOyll, ac ycladOyt ygyt a Rys 2 [ap yr arglwydd Rys] y vraOt ygkabidyldy y myneich. Y Vychan 1 namyn, B. 2 E. 3 B. ab, A. 4 en, B, THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 323 them all to the ground, except Cardiff. That year, Maelgwn the Little, son of Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and Owain, son of Gruffudd, 2 son of the lord Rhys/ 3 and Rhys a the Hoarse/ with their sons, and the army of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and the army of the earl of Pembroke, assembled against Caermar- then. They fought against it for three months, and made a bridge over the Tywi. And then the sailors came armed, with the flood tide, to break down the bridge. When the Welsh perceived that their expe- dition prospered not, they returned to their respective countries. That year, Rhys the Hoarse died at Llan- deilo the Great, and was buried in Menevia, near the grave of his father. The same year, Maelgwn the Little, 5 son of Maelgwn, son of Rhys/ completed the building of the castle of Trev Han, which had previously been commenced by his father Maelgwn. 1234. The ensuing year, Rickert, earl of Pembroke, was stabbed in a battle in Ireland, after having been treacherously deserted by his knights ; and before the end of a fortnight he died. That year, Gruffudd, son [of Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, was liberated, after having been six years in prison. The same year, Cadwallon, son of Maelgwn, of Maelienydd, died at Cwm Hir. 1235. The ensuing year, Owain, son of Gruffudd, 2 son of the lord Rhys/ 7 a gentleman by race, and courteous in manners, wise, generous, and praise- worthy/ died at Strata Florida, on the Wednesday after the octave of the Epiphany, and was buried with Rhys, 2 son of the lord Rhys/ his brother, in a' G the Little, 5 a e. 6 B. 7 a x 2 32* BItUT Y TYWYSOGION. ulOydyn honno y priodes Henri vrenhin verch iarll Prouins, ac y gGnaeth y neithaGr yn Llundein y Nadolic gOedy 1 [ym] kynnullaO escyb a chamnGyaf ieirll a barOneit Lloeger y gyt. mccxxxvi. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb y bu uarO MadaCc ab Gruff ud MaelaOr 2 [y gwr a ragorei rac pawb o volyanrwyd y deuocleu aliaelyoni a chreuyd, kanys ef aoed grwndwalwr gwahanredawl y manachlogoed, ef a oed kynnheilyat yr anglianogyon ar tlodyon ar essewydyon], ac y cladOyt yn enrydedus ymanacMaOc LlanegGestyl yr hon arGndwalassei 1 [ef ] kyn no hynny. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO Owein ab Mar- edud ab Rotbert o Gedewein. Ac yna y bu uarO escob Llundein, ac escob Caer VVyragon, ac escob Lincol. Ac un nos kyn nos Nadolic y kyuodes diaerebus wynt y torri aneiryf o dei ac eglOysseu ac essigaò y koetyd a 2 [Had] UaOer o dynyon ac anifeil- eit. Y ulOydyn honno y gellygaòd y naOvet Gregori bap GadOgaOn escob Bangor oe escobaOt, ac y hym- erOyt yn enrydedus yny crefyd gOynn ymanachlaOc Dor, ac yno y bu uar6 ac y cladOyt. Ac yna y cauas Gilbert iarll Penvro drOy dOyll gastell Morgan ab Howel 3 Ymachein. A gûedy y gadarnbau ydatueraCd drachefyn rac ofyn Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth. mccxxxvii. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb y bu uarO 1 [dam] 4 Giwan uerch Ieuan urenhin gOreic Lywelyn ab Ior- woerth vis "WhefraOr yn llys Aber, ac y cladOyt myGn a mynGent newyd' ar lan y traeth, a gyssegrassei Howel escob Llan ElyG. Ac y henryded hi ydadeilaCd a/ 2 gard gyssegredic, I 2 a THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 325 the chapter house of the monks. That year, king Henry married the daughter of the earl of Provence, and held his nuptial solemnities in London, at Christ- mas, after having assembled the bishops, and most of the earls and barons of England together. 1236. The ensuing year, Madog, son of Gruffudd Maelor — 2 the man who surpassed all in the celebrity of his manners, his generosity, and religion, for he was the special founder of monasteries, and was the supporter of the needy and poor and indigent/ died, and was honourably buried in the monastery of Llan- egwestl, which he had previously founded. That year, Owain, son of Maredudd, son of Kobert of Cydewain, died. And then the bishop of London, and the bishop of Worcester, and the bishop of Lin- coln, died. And one night before Christmas Eve there arose a remarkable wind to break down an immense number of houses and churches, and to injure the trees, and 2 kill many men and animals. That year, pope Gregory the ninth released the bishop of Ban- gor from his diocese, and he was honourably received into the white religious society in the monastery of Dor; and there he died and was buried. And then Gilbert, earl of Pembroke, obtained, through treachery, the castle òf Morgan, son of Howel, in Mechain ; and when he had fortified it, he restored it back, for fear of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth. 1237. The ensuing year, 1 Dame 4 Joan, daughter of king John, and the wife of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, died in the month of February, at the court of Aber, and was buried in a a new cemetery/ on the side of the strand, which Howel, bishop of a/ 2 consecrated garden, 3 Ymeichein, B. j 4 Siwan, B. Sioned, E. 326 BRUT Y TYVVYSOGION. Llywelyn ab lorwoerth yno vanaclilaOc troetnoeth aelwis Llan Vaes ym Mon. Ac yna y bu uarO Ieuan iarll Kaer Lleon a Chynwric nab yr arglOyd Rys. Y ulOydyn hono ydeutli attaO gardinal o Rufein y Loegyr yn -legat y gan y naOuet Gregori bap. MCCXXXVIII. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb tranhoeth 1 o duG' gGyl Luc euegylyGr y tygaOd holl tywyssogyon Kymry ífydlonder y Dauyd ab Llywelyn ab lorwoerth yn Ystrat Fflnr. Ac yna y due ef y gan y uraOt 2 [Grufud] ArGystli a Cheri a ChyfeilaOc, a MaOdOy a Mochnant, a Chaer EinaOn ; ac 3 ny adaGd idaO dim namyn kantref Llyyn e hun. Ac yna y lladaOd Maredud ab MadaOc ab Gruffud MaelaGr Ruíf ad y uraOt. Ac yny lie y digyfoethes Llywelyn ab lor- woerth ef am hynny. MCCXXXIX. Y ulOydyn rac Gyneb y bu uarO Maredud a dall ab yr arglwyd Rys, ac y cladOyt yny Ty GOynn. Ac yna y bu uar6 escob Kaer Wynt, ac y ganet mab y Henri urenhin aelwit Etwart,, ac y delis Dauyd ab Llywelyn Ruffud y vraOt gan dorri aruoll ac ef, ac y carcharaOd ef aeuab Ygrugyeith. MCCXL, Deugein mlyned a deucant a mil oed oet Crist pan uu uaró Llywelyn ab lorwoerth tywyssaOc Kymry gOr a oed anaOd menegi y weithredoed da, ac y cladùyt yn Aber ConOy, wedy kymryt abit 2 [y] crefyd ymdanaO ; ac yny ol ynteu y gOledychaOcl Dauyd y uab o Siwan uerch Ieuan urenhin y uam. Mis a 4 goec »' óecly, B. THE CHRONICLE OE THE PRINCES. 327 Lianelwy, had consecrated. And in honour of her, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, built there a monastery for barefooted monks, which is called Llanvaes in Mona. And then Ieuan, earl of Caerleon, and Cyn- vrig, son of the lord Rhys, died. That year, there came again a cardinal from Rome to England, sent, as his legate, by pope Gregory the ninth. 1238. The ensuing year, on the morro w after the jfo # , feast of St. Luke the Evangelist, all the princes of f . - 9 Wales sware fidelity to David, son of Llywelyn, son ^ / ' of Iorwerth, at Strata Florida. And then he took, V ^ Y^f* from his brother 2 Gruffudd, Arwystli and Ceri and 1?J3JT Cyveiliog and Mawddwy and Mochnant and Caer- einion ; leaving to him nothing but the cantrev of Lleyn itself. And then Maredudd, son of Madog, son of Gruffudd Maelor, slew his brother Gruffudd ; and immediately Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, divested him of his territory on that account. 1239. The ensuing year, Maredudd a the Blind/ son of the lord Rhys, died, and was buried at Whitland. Then also the bishop of Winchester died ; and a son was born to king Henry, called Edward. And David, son of Llywelyn, seized his brother Gruffudd, breaking the compact with him, and imprisoned him and his son at Cricciaeth. 1240. One thousand two hundred and forty was the year of Christ, when* Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, prince of Wales, died — the man whose good works it would be difficult to enumerate — and was buried at Aberconway, after taking the habit of religion, And after him David, his son, by Joan, the daughter of king John, his mother, reigned. The month of a' * the Empty 3 nyt, B. J 4 C. E. 328 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Mei rac Gyneb ydaetli Dauyd ab Llywelyn a barOneit Kymry y gyt ac ef hyt yg Kaer LoyO y Orhau a yr brenhin y ewythyr, ac ygymryt y gantaO y gyfoeth yn gyfreithaOl. Ac yna yd anuones y Saeson Wallter Marscal a llu y gyt ac ef y gadarnhau Aber Teiui. MCCXLI. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb ydaeth Otto gardinal o Loeger, ac y delit ef allawer o archescyb ac escyb ac abadeu ac eglOysOyr ereill ygyt ac ef y gan Ffred- eric amheraOdyr gOr a oed yn yskymun yn ryuelu yn erbyn Gregori bab. A gOedy mynet y cardinal o Loegyr y kynnullaOd y brenhin lu, ac y doeth y darestOg tywyssogyon Kymry, ac y kadarnhaaOd gas- tell y Garrec yn ymyl y Disserth yn Tegeygyl, ac y kymerth Oystlon y gan Dauyd ab Llywelyn y nei dros öyned, ar talu o Dauyd y Kuffud ab GOen- OynOyn y holl dylyet ym Powys, ac y veibon Maredud ab Kynan y holl dylyet ym Meironnyd, a chan dyfynnu Dauyd y Lundein yr cOnsli, a dOyn ygyt ac ef Ruffud y uraOt, ar holl garcharoryon a oed y gyt ac ef ygkarchar y brenhin y Lundein. Ac yna y bu uarO y naOuet Gregori bab. MCCXLii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb ychydic wedy 1 y Pasc y 2 mord0ya0d Henri urenhin y PeitaO y geis- saO 3 gan y' 4 [vrenhin] Ffreinc y dylyet ar ydired adugassei urenhin Ffreinc y gantaO kyn no hynny ac nys cauas y ulOydyn honno, namyn gOedy gellOg y ieirll drachefyn y trigyaOd ef ar urenhines YmmOrdyOs. Y vlOydyn honno y kadarnhaOyt hynn o gestyll Yg- kymry, y gan YaelgOn Uychan Garthgrugyn, y gan a 4 y Henri i yr, B. 2 morGydaOd, Z?„ THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 329 May following, David, son of Llywelyn, having with him the barons of Wales, went to Gloucester, to do homage to a the king his uncle, and to receive from him his territory lawfully. And then the English sent Walter Marshall, and an army with him, to fortify Aberteivi. 1241. The ensuing year, Otto, the cardinal, went from England, and he and many archbishops and bishops and abbots, and other churchmen were seized by the emperor Frederick, a man who, being ex- communicated, was making war against pope Gregory. And after the cardinal had left England, the king assembled an army, and came to subdue the princes of Wales ; and he fortified the castle of Carreg, near Diserth in Tegeingl, and took hostages from David, son of Llywelyn, his nephew, on account of Gwyn- edd, that David should pay to Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, his whole claim to Powys ; and to the sons of Maredudd, son of Cynan, their whole claim in Meirionydd. And he cited David to London before the council, and he was to bring witli him his brother Gruffudd, and all the prisoners that were with him in the prison of the king, to London. And then pope Gregory the ninth died. 1242. The ensuing year, a little after Easter, king Henry sailed for Poictou, to obtain from the 4 king of France his right as to his lands, which the king of France had taken from him previously. But he did not obtain it that year, but, after letting his earls return, he and the queen remained at Bourd- eaux. That same year, these castles in Wales were strengthened ; by Maelgwn the Little, Garthgrugyn, a 4 Henry 3/ y gatm, 2?, BRUT Y TYWYS0G10N. Ion 1 MynyO 2 [a] Buellt, y gan Roser Mortymer Maelenyd. Ac 2 [yna] y bu uarO Gruffud ab Mar- edud ab yr arglOyd Rys archdiagon KeredigyaOn. MCCXLIII. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb ydymchoelaOd Henri urenhin o YOrdyOs/ ac y 3 kyfarsagOyt y Kymry a llaOer orrei ereill yn agkyfreithaOl. MCCXLiv. Y vlOydyn rac Cyneb y bu uarO Rys Mechyll uab Rys Gryc 4 [ap yr arglwydd Rys]. Y vlOydyn honno y keissaOd Gruifud ab Llywelyn dianc o garchar y brenhin yn Llundein wedy bûrO raff* dròy ífenestyr y tOr allan a diskynnn arhyt y raff, a thorri y raf, ae syrthaO 'ynteu yny dorres y vynOgyl. Ac yna y llidyaùd Dauyd ab Llywelyn a dyuynnu aoruc holl wyrda y gyt, a ruthraO y elynyon 2 [gurru] oe holl deruyneu eithyr aoedynt y myOn kestyll. Ac anuon kenadeu allythyreu a 5 0naeth a dyuynnu attaO holl dywyssogyon Kymry, a phaOb a gyuunaOd ac ef eithyr Gruffud ab MadaOc a Gruffud ab GOenOynOyn, a Morgan ab Howel, a llaOer o golledeu awnaeth efe yr rei hynny, ae kymhell ae hanuod y darestOg idaO. Y ulOydyn honno y bu uarO Maredud ab Rotbert penn kyghorOr Kymiy wedy kymryt abit crefyd yn Ystrat Ffinr. MCCXLV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb 6 [y kauas etuedyon Gwilyam Marscal eu tref tat yn hedwch] y kyn- nullaOd Henri urenhin gedernit Lloeger ac Iwerdon ar uedyr darestOg holl Gymry idaO, ac y doeth hyt yn TeganOy. A gOedy kaclarnhau y kastell ac adaO marchogyon yndaO yd ymchoelaOd y Loegyr gan adaO aneirif oe lu yn galaned heb y cladu wedy Had rei a bodi ereill. 1 MynOy, B. Mynw, E. 2 J3. 8 kyOarssagaOd, B, THE CHRONICLE OF THE TRINCES. 331 Menevia 3 and Bucllt by John, Maelienydd by Roger Mortimer. And 2 then, Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, son of the lord Rhys, archdeacon of Ceredigion, died. 1243. The ensuing year, king Henry returned from Bourdeaux ; and the Welsh with many others, were unlawfully oppressed. 1244. The ensuing year, Rhys Mechyll, son of Rhys the Hoarse, 4 son of the lord Rhys/ died. That year, Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, attempted to escape from the king's prison in London, by throwing a rope through the window of the tower, and descending along the rope, but the rope breaking, he fell, and broke his neck. And then David, son of Llywelyn, became enraged, and summoned all his good men to him, and attacked his foes, 2 and drove them' from all their borders, except such as were in castles. And he sent messengers with letters, summoning to him all the princes of Wales ; and every body joined him, except Gruffudd, son of Madog, and Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, and Morgan, son of Howel ; and to those he caused many losses, and compelled them against their will to submit to him. That year died Maredudd, son of Robert, the chief counsellor of Wales, after taking the religious habit at Strata Florida. 1245. The ensuing year, 6 the heirs of William Marshall obtained their patrimony in peace/ And king Henry assembled the power of England and Ireland, with the intention of subjecting all Wales to him, and came to Byganwy. And after fortifying the castle, and leaving knights in it, he returned to England, having left an immense number of his army dead and unburied, some having been slain and others drowned. 5 oruc, B. I 6 C. 332 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. mccxlvi. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb 1 [blwydyn glawawc oed] y bu uarG Dauyd ab Llywelyn yn Aber vis MaOrth, ac y cladOyt gyfc ae dat yn Aber ConOy. A gOedy nat oed 2 etiued o goríf idaO' y gOledychaOd O wein Goch a Llywelyn y nyeint meibon Gruffud ab Llywelyn y vraOt yny ol. Y rei hynny o gyghor gOyr da a ranassant y kyuoeth yn deu hanner 3 [y rygthunt]. Y ulOydyn lionno ydanuones Henri urenhin Nicolas dy Mulus 4 [vsfcus Kaer Yyrddin] a Maredud ab Rys 5 [Gryc], a Maredud uab Owein y digyuoethi MaelgOn Yychan. Ac yna y goruu ar YaelgOn ae eidaO ffo hyt YggOyned, ac Owein a Llywelyn veibon GrufFud ab Llywelyn gan adaO y kyuoeth y estronyon. Ac o achaOs bot brenhinaOl allu yndyuynnu paOb or a vei gyfun ar brenhin yn erbyn Owein a Llywelyn, a MaelgOn 4 [Vychan] a Howel ab Maredud owlat Uorgan aoed yna y gyt ac Oynt YggOyned wedy y digyuoethi 6 yn gObyl o iarll Clar. A gOedy gOybod o nadunt hynny yd ymgadwassant yny mynydoed ar ynyalOch. Y vlOydyn honno y bu uarO 7 KaOlfF Mor- tymer, ac yny le y kyuodes Koser y uab. MCCXLVII. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Howel escob Llan ElyO yn Ryt Ychen ac yno y cladOyt. Ac yna y bu uarO 8 [Anseul Yras] escob MynyO. Y ulOydyn honno yr ugeinuet dyd o vis WhefraOr 1 [y deudecvet dyd o brif y lleuat ar llythyren honn F yn kadw y Sul am gylch pryt gosper] y crynaOd y dayar yn aruthur yn gyifredin ar draOs yr holl deyrnas. mccxlviii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y kymerth arderch* aOc vrenhin Ffreinc ae dri broder ac anneiryf o luoed 1 C. I «Ä 2 ' oe gorff idaO etiued, B. I 4 E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 333 J 246. The ensuing year 1 was a rainy year/ David, I son of Llywelyn, died at Aber, in the month of March, and was buried with his father at Aberconway. | And since he had no issue of his body, his nephews Owain the Red, and Llywelyn, the sons of GrufFudd, son of Llywelyn, his brother, reigned after him. Those, by the advice of good men, divided their do- minion 3 between them' into two halves. That year, king Henry sent Nicholas de Myles, 4 justice of Caer- marthen/ and Maredudd, son of Rhys 5 the Hoarse/ and Maredudd, son of Owain, to dispossess Maelgwn the Little. And thereupon, Maelgwn, with his family, was compelled to flee into Gwynedd, and to Owain and Llywelyn, the sons of GrufFudd, son of Llywelyn, leaving his territory to strangers ; because the royal power summoned all that joined with the king against Owain and Llywelyn, and Maelgwn 4 the Little/ and Howel, son of Maredudd of Glamorgan, who were then along with them in Gwynedd, being entirety dispossessed by the earl of Clare. And when they became acquainted with that, they kept themselves in the mountains and the wilds. That same year 7 Ralph Mortimer died, and in Ids stead arose Roger his son. 1 247. The ensuing year, Howel, bishop of Xlanelwy, died at Oxford ; and was there buried. And then 8 Anselm the Fat/ bishop of Menevia, died. The same year, the twentieth day of the month of February, 1 the twelfth day of the prime of the moon, and this letter F. denoting Sunday, about the time of vespers/ there was a dreadful earthquake generally throughout the whole kingdom. 1248. The ensuing year, the noble king of France, and his three brothers, having with them immense 5 a e. 6 o, B. 7 Randwlff, E. 334 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Cristonogyon 1 [y] gyt ac Gynt eu hynt hyt Ygkaerus- salem. Ac am diwed y ulOydyn y mordGyssant y mor maùr. Y ulúydyn honno vis Gorfennaf y gGnaetli Grufud abat Ystrat Fíìur hedGch a Henri vrenhin am dylyet a 2 dylynt yr uanachlaGc yr ys 3 llaOer o amser kyn no hynny gan uadeu yr abat ar cofeint 4 [banner y dylyet nyt amgen] deg more adeugein more, a tbryeban more a dalaGd, a tbalu y gymeint arall myOn teruyneu gossodedic berwyd 1 [val] y keffir 5 ynyaelaes y vanachlaGc. Y ulOydyn honno y kauas Owein ab Rotbert Gedewein y dylyet, ac y cauas Rys Vychan ab Rys Mechyll gastell Karrec Kennen drachefyn a rodassei a y vam' yn dOyllodrus ym med- yant y Ffreinc o gas ar y mab. Y ulOydyn honno y kanhataOd Henri vrenlrin y abat Ystrat Fflur ac abat Aber ConOy gorff Gruffud ab Llywelyn, ac y dugant gantunt o Lundein y Aber ConOy yny lie y mae yn gorwed. MCCXLix. Y vlOydyn rac Gyneb ydaeth Lowys vrenhin ae dri broder ar urenhines hyt yn dinas Damieta, ac y rodes DuG idaG yn rGyd wedy adaG or Sarasinyeit. Yrhaf rac Gyneb yd ymchoelaGd y dyghetfen yny gGrthGyneb, ac y delit y brenhin y gan y Sarassin- yeit wedy Had Robert y uraGt, ac amgylch degmil arhugeint 6 or Cristonogyon, a thros y ellygdaGt ef ae hebrygyat ef ae wyr hyt yn Acris y goruu arnaG rodi Damieta drachefyn yr Sarassinyeit a 7 [diruaGr sGmp o aryant y gyt a hynny ac ychydic] gOedy hynny y a' 1 Ieuan 1 B. 2 dylyit, B. 3 hir, B. 4 a THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 335 armies of Christians, took their course towards Jeru- salem ; and about the end of the year they sailed over the great sea. That year, the month of July, Gruffudd, abbot of Strata Florida, made peace with king Henry, in respect of a debt which the monas- tery owed for a long time previously, he forgiving to the abbot and convent 4 half the debt, namely/ fifty marks ; and three hundred marks the other paid, and was to pay as much more, under settled limitations, as may be found in the Register of the monastery. That year Owain, son of Robert, obtained Cydewain his right ; and Rhys the Little, son of Rhys Mechyll, obtained the castle of Carreg Cennen back again, which a his mother' had deceitfully given into the pos- session of the French, from hatred towards her son. That year, king Henry permitted the abbot of Strata Florida, and the abbot of Aberconway, to have the body of Gruffudd, son of Lly welyn ; and they brought it with them from London to Aberconway, in which place he lies. 1249. The ensuing year, king Louis, with his three brothers, and the queen, went to the city of Damietta ; and God easily granted it to him, the Saracens having left it. The ensuing summer, the fates became ad- verse, and the king was taken by the Saracens, after Robert his brother had been killed, with about thirty thousand of the Christians ; and for his liberation, and transport of himself and men to Acre, he was con- strained to restore Damietta to the Saracens, and 7 to pay an immense sum of money besides, and shortly ' a' 1 John 5 ynyr annyales, B. G o, B, 7 B.C. 336 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. rodes DuO idaO ynteu uudugolyaeth y dial ar elynyon Crist y sarhaet. Kanys ef a anuones y deu uroder hyt yn Ffreinc y gynnullaO nerth idaO o sOllt a gOyr aruaOc tra 1 drickyei ynteu ' ar urenhines yn Acrys. Ac odyna ydennillaOd ef dinas Damieta 2 [dracheuen] gan lad anneiryf or Sarassinyeit. mccl. Dec mlyned a deugein a 2 [deu] chant a mil oed oet Crist pan uu uarO brenhin 3 Prydein wedy adaO y vn mab yn etiued idaO. MCCLI. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO GOladus Du uercli Llywelyn ab Iorwoerth 4 [Drwyndwn gwraic briod syr Bandwlff Mortimer]. Ac yn diwed y vlOyd- yn honno y bu uarO Morgan ab yr arglOyd Bys, wedy kymryt abit crefyd ymdanaO yn Ystrat Fflur. mcclti. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu gymeint gOres yr lieul ac y 5 dissychaOd yr holl dayar gantho hyt na tbyfaOd dim frOyth ar y coet 6 na maes, ac na 7 chabat pysgaOt mor nac auonyd. Ac yndiwed y kynhayaf 8 y vlOydyn honno' y bu gymeint y glaO- ogyd ac y kudyaOd llifdyfred Oyneb y dayar hyt na allei a or mod sychdOr' y dayar lygku y dyfred. Ac y llifhaaOd yr auonyd yny dorres y pynt ar melineu ar tei kyfagos yr afonyt achribdeilaO y coed yd ar perllanneu a gOneuthur llaOer o golledeu ereill yn yr haf. Y ulOydyn honno yduc GOilim ab GOrwaret y a ' 9 drnsychedoed v drigyaOd ef, B. 2 B. 3 Prydyn, E. 5 sychaOd, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 337 after that, God granted to him victory to revenge his insult on the enemies of Christ, for he sent his two brothers to France, to collect for him strength in money and armed men, whilst he and the queen re- mained at Acre. And from thence he gained the city of Damietta 2 again, killing an immense number of the Saracens. 1250. One thousand 2 two hundred and fifty was the year of Christ, when the king of Prydyn died, leaving one son as his heir. 1251. The ensuing year, Gwladus the Dark, the daughter of Lly welyn, son of Iorwerth 4 the Broken- nosed, and wife of Sir Rahdulph Mortimer/ died. And in the end of that year, Morgan, son of the lord Rhys, died, after taking the religious habit at Strata Florida. 1252. The ensuing year, the heat of the sun was so great, that all the earth became so dry therefrom, that no fruit grew on the trees or the fields, and neither fish of the sea nor of the rivers were obtained. And at the end of the harvest of that year, so great were the rains, that the water floods covered the face of the earth, since the a excess of the dryness ' of the earth could not absorb the waters ; and the rivers flooded so that the bridges and the mills and the houses adjoining the rivers were broken, and the woods and orchards were stripped, besides many other losses during the summer. That same year, William, son of Gwrwared, the person who was se- a/ 9 excessive thirsts 6 nar, B. 7 chaffat, B. 8/ hGnnO, B. 9 B. Y 338 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. gOr a oed synysgal y brenhin ar dir MaelgOn ieuanc drOy orchymynn y brenhin y ar wyr Eluael anreith am 1 eu bot yn keissaO aruer o boreyd Maelenyd Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y 2 mordOyaOd Henri uren- hin y VOrdyOs a diruaOr lu gantaO, a gorchymyn y vrenhinyaeth 3 [aOnaeth] y Etwart y uab 4 a Rickert iarll KernyO y uraOt ar vrenhines. Y ulOydyn honno y Grawys yd ymchoelaOd Thomas escob MynyO o lys Rufein. mccliii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb ydymchoelaOd LoOys urenhin Freinc oe bererindaút wedy y vot whe blyned yn ymlad ar Sarassinyeit. Y vlOydyn 3 [rac Oyneb] honno yd ymchoelaOd Henri vrenhin o WasgOin gOedy adaO yno Etwart y vab yn kadO a diruaOr lu y gyt ac ef. Ac yna y bu uarO GOenllian uerch VaelgOn ieuanc yn Llan Vihagel Gelynrot, ac y clad- Oyt 5 [ygkabidyldy ymyneich] yn Ystrat Fflur. MCCLIV. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y bu uarO Maredud ab Llywelyn o Yeironyd, gan adaO vn mab yn etiued idaO o Wenllian uerch YaelgOn. Ac ynebrOyd gOedy gOyl Ieuan y bu uarO Rys vn mab MaelgOn ieuanc wedy kymryt abit crevyd yn Ystrat Flur ac yno y cladOyt 5 [yn emyl y chOaer ygkabidyldy y mynyeich]. Yn y dydyeu hynny o annoc a y kythreul' y magOyt teruysc 3 [maOr] y rOg meibon Gruffud ab Llywelyn, nyt amgen Owein Goch a Dauyd 6 or neill tu, a Llywelyn megys o vreint. a' /3 kyureith 2 morGyaOd, B. 3 B. 4 ac y, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 339 neschal to the king over the land of young Maelgwn, by the command of the king, took spoil from the men of Elvael, because they sought the custom of the pas- turage of Maelienydd as of privilege. The ensuing year, king Henry sailed for Bourdeaux, having with him an immense army ; and he com- mended the kingdom to the care of Edward his son, and Riekert, earl of Cornwall, his brother, and the queen. The same year, in Lent, Thomas, bishop of Menevia, returned from the court of Rome. 1253. The ensuing year, Louis, king of France, returned from his pilgrimage, after having been for sis years fighting with the Saracens. That 3 ensuing year, king Henry returned from Gascony, having left his son Edward there, to guard it, with an immense army along with him. And then Gwenllian, daughter of young Maelgwn, died at Llanvihangel Gelynrod, and was buried 5 in the chapter house of the monks/ at Strata Florida. 1254. The ensuing year, Maredudd, son of Llyw- elyn, of Meirionydd, died, leaving one son as his heir, by Gwenllian, the daughter of Maelgwn. And soon after the feast of St. John, Rhys, only son of young Maelgwn, died, after taking the habit of religion at Strata Florida, and there he was buried, 5 near his sister, in the chapter house of the monks, n those days, by the instigation of a the devil/ 3 a great ' dis- sension was engendered between the sons of Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, namely, Owain the Red and David, on the one side, and Llywelyn on the other side, a' 3 fate, fa P 340 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. or tu arall. Ac yna yd amolles Llywelyn ae wyr yn cliofyn ym Bryn DerOin drùy ymcliret y DuG creulaGn dyuotyat y vrodyr a diruaOr lu gantunt, a cliyn penn vn aOr y delit Owein Gocli, ac y foes Dauyd wedy Had llaûer 1 or llu a dala ereill a ffo y dry 11 arall. Ac yna y carcharOyt Owein Gocli, ac y goresgynnaOd Llyw- elyn gyfoeth Owein a Dauyd 2 [hep òrthOynep idaO]. Y vlOydyn lionno y bu uarO 3 Mararet uerch Yaelg6n, gwreic Owein ab Rotbert 4 [ap Mredudd o Gydew- ain]. Ac y prynOyt y gloch uaOr yn Ystrat Fflur yr a trugein a dOy vorc ar bymthec arhugeint' a d6y vu. Ac yny lie y drychafOyt ac y kyssegrGyt ygan escob Bangor. Ac yna amgylch diOed 2 [yr] haf y bu uarO Thomas \Yalis escob MynyO. mcclv. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb ydoeth Etwart uab Henri urenhin iarll Kaer Llion 4 [Awst nessaf ar hynny] y edrych y gestyll ae dired Ygg6yned. Ac yna 5 [val amgylch Awst agwedy y ymchwelut ef y Loegyr] y doeth dylyedogyon Kymry att Lywelyn ab GrufFud wedy y hyspeilaú oe rydit ae keithiwaO, a men- egi 2 [idaO] yn gGynuanus bot yn well gantunt eu Had yn ryfel dros y rydit, no godef y sathru gan estronyon drOy geithiwet. A chyffroi aoruc Llywelyn Orth y dagreuoed, am eu hannoc 6 6ynt ae kyghor kyrchu y beruedwlat ae goreskynn oil kynn penn yr Oytlmos, achyt ac ef Maredud uab Rys Gryc. Ac odyna y a/ 4 saith mork ar hugain 1 oe, B. 3 Margret, B. 4 E. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 341 And thereupon, Llywelyn and his men awaited, with- out fear, confiding in God, at Bryn Derwin, the cruel coming of his brothers, accompanied by a vast army ; and before the end of one hour, Owain the Red was taken, and David fled, after many of the army were killed, and others capturedí^and the other part had taken to flight.^- And then Owain the Red was imprisoned ;^and Llywelyn took possession of the territory of Owain and David, 2 without any opposition/ * That year, Margaret, daughter of Maelgwn, and wife of Owain, son of Robert, 4 son of Maredudd of Cyd~ ewain, died. And the great bell at Strata Florida was bought for a three score and thirty- seven marks/ and two kine ; and it was immediately put up, and consecrated by the bishop of Bangor. And then, a/ about the end of the summer, died Thomas Wallis, ^ *j t -0^~ bishop of Menevia. )Qjl a * three b2 granted c ' 9 Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, son of GrufTudd Maelor, and Maredudd the Little, his brother, 5 a 6 C.E, * E. 8 C.E. 358 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Hirvryn trannoeth o duO gGyl 1 Lucy wyry ygkastell Llan Ymdyfri, ac y cladGyt 2 [ygkabidyldy y myneich] yn Ystrat Flur. Y ulGydyn lionno 3 [mis Hydref] y goresgynnaOd Llywelyn ab Gruffud gastell Gaer Filii. Yn y ulOydyn lionno y bu uarO Lowys vrenhin Freinc ae vab, alegat 4 [ypab] y gyt ac ef ar y ford yn mynet Ygaerussalem, ar Lowys hOnnO yssyd sant enrydedus yny nef. mcclxxi. 4 [Yn] y vlGydyn rac Gyneb y whechet dyd Oedy A6st y bu varG 5 Maredud ab 7 Eys Gryc ygkastell 4 [yn] y DryslGyn, ac y cladGyt yn y Ty GOynn 6 [yn yr eglwys vawr ar y gradeu] rac bron yr allaOr vaGr. Ym penn 4 [y] teir Gythnos gGedy hynny 7 [yr wythved dydd wedy gwyl Sain Lowrans] y bu uarò Rys ieuanc uab Rys Mecyll 3 [ap Rys Gryc] ygkastell DinefOr, ac y cladOyt yn Tal y Llycheu. MCCLXXII, 4 [Yn] y ulOydyn rac Cyneb y bu uar6 Henri vrenhin duG gOyl 8 Filie wyry gGedy gGledychu wythnos amis ac vn vlGydyn arbymthec adeugein, ac ycladGyt yny vanachlaOc neGyd yn Llundein. A gGedy ef y gOledychaGd y mab hynaf idaG 4 [ef], a gGeith- redoed liGnnG yssyd 4 [yn] yscriuenedic ynystoryaeu y brenhined. Y ulGydyn honno gGyl Sein Denis yd etholet y decuet Gregori bap. mcclxxiii. Y vlGydyn rac Gyneb yd atueraGd Owein a Grufud veibon Maredud ab Owein 3 [ap Grufiydd ap yr arglwydd Rys] y kymGt perued y Gynan 9 y braGt amgylch gGyl Veir y canhOylleu. mcclxxiv. Y vlGydyn rac Gyneb amgylch y Pasc bychan y gofGyaGd LlyGelyn ab Gruffud gastell Dol VorGyn. A dyvynu attaG aoruc Ruffud ab GGenuyn- 1 Luc, B. 2 b. a 3 E. 4 B. 5/ Not in C. Ei THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 359 lord of Hixvryn, died, on the morrow of the feast of St. 1 Lucy, Virgin, in the castle of Llanymddyvri, and was buried 2 in the chapter house of the monks/ at Strata Florida. That year, 3 in the month of October/ Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, possessed himself of the castle of Caerphili. The same year died Louis, king of France, and his son, and 6 the pope's' legate with him, on the road going to Jerusalem j and that Louis is an honourable saint in heaven. 1271. 4 In the ensuing year, the sixth day after August, died 5 Maredudd, son of Rhys the Hoarse, in the castle at Dyryslwyn, and was buried at Whit- land, 6 in the great church, on the steps 7 in front of the high altar. At the end of three weeks afterwards, 7 on the octave of the feast of St. Laurence/ young- Rhys, son of Rhys Mechyll, 3 son of Rhys the Hoarse/ died in the castle of Dinevwr, and was buried at Tal y Llychau. 1272. 4 In the ensuing year, king Henry died, on the feast of St. Cicily, Virgin, after reigning fifty- six years, one month, and one week, and was buried in the new monastery in London. And after him his eldest son reigned ; his acts are written in the his- tories of the kings. The same year, on the feast of St. Denis, the tenth Gregory was elected pope. 1273. The ensuing year, Owain and Gruffudd, sons of Maredudd, son of Owain, 3 son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys/ restored the middle comot to their brother Cynan, about Candlemas day. 1274. The ensuing year, about Low Easter, Llyw- elyn, son of Gruffudd, visited the castle of Dolvor- wyn. And he summoned to him Gruffudd, son of ° a 7 C. E. 8 Cicilie, B. Sissil, C. E. 9 en, P. 360 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. byn, ac ymliG ac ef amy tOyll ar agkyOirdeb aOnath- oecl idaG, a dOyn y arnaO ArOystli a atheir tref ar dec o GefeilaOc yssyd tu draO Ydyfi yn RiG Helyc/ a dala Owein y mab hynaf idaG ae dOyn y gyt ac ef hyt YggGyned. Y ulOydyn honno y gOnaeth y decuet Gregori bap kyffredin gOnsli yn 1 LiOn duO kalan Mei. Y ulGydyn honno duO Sul gOedy duO gOyl Yeir yn AOst y kyssegrOyt yn Llundein Etwart uab y trydyd Henri yn vrenhin yn Lloegyr. Yn y ulOydyn honno amgylch gOyl Andras ydanuones Llywelyn genadeu at Ruffud ab GOennOynnOyn hyt ygkastell y TrallOg. Ac ynteu ae haruolles 2 Gynt yn llaOen ac aeduc yr castell, ac ae porthes yn anhOyl. 3 Ar nos honno ydaeth ef y AmOythic ac y gorchymynnaOd yr castellwyr attal y kenadeu ygkarchar. A phan gigleu y tywyssaOc hynny kynnullaG holl Gymry aOnaeth y ymlad ar castell. A gOedy dyuot yno 4 [ef] ae lu y rodes y castellwyr idaG y castell. A gOedy rydhau ohonaO y kastellwyr ar kenadeu y llosges y castell 4 [ac y dis- tryOaOd] hyt y llaOr. Ac odyna y goresgynnaOd holl gyuoeth Grufud ab GOenCynOyn heb 5 OrthOynebed, ac y gossodes y sOydogyon e hun ynyr holl gyfoeth. Yny vlOydyn honno y bu gyfnewit deu gymOt y rOg Kynan 6 [ap Mredudd ap Owein] a Rys b ieuanc c [i vrawd] ac y deuth 7 Pennard y Gynan ; ar kymOt perued y Rys Yychan. a ' 8 ac vn kantref ar ddec rwng Riw a Helygi a rann o Gyveilioc, b 4 Yychan. 1 LiuOn, B. j 3 Ac t, B. 2 hGy, B, I 1 B. " THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 361 Gwenwynwyn, whom he -upbraided for the deceit arid disloyalty he experienced from him; and he took from him Arwystli, a and thirteen townships of Cyveiliog, which are on the further side of the Dyvi, in Rhiw Helyg/ and took Owain, his eldest son, and carried him along with him to Gwynedd. That year, pope Gregory the tenth held a general council in Lyons, on the calends of May. That year, the Sunday after the feast of St. Mary in August, Edward, son of the third Henry, was consecrated king of England. In that year, about the feast of St. Andrew, Llywelyn sent messengers to Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, to the castle of Trallwng ; who on his part received them joyfully, brought them into the castle, and entertained them lavishly. And on that night he went to Shrews- bury, and commanded the garrison to detain the mes- sengers in prison. And when the prince heard that, he assembled all Wales to fight against the castle. And when he had arrived there with his army, the garrison delivered up the castle to him ; and when he had liberated the garrison and the messengers, he burned the castle, 4 and destroyed it' to the ground. After that he subdued all the territory of Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, without opposition, and placed his own officers in all the territory. In the same year, there was an exchange of comots between Cynan, 6 son of Maredudd, son of Owain/ and b young Rhys 6 his brother and thus Penardd came to Cynan, and the middle comot to Rhys the Little. a ' 8 and eleven cantrevs between Rhiw and Helygi, and a portion of Cyveiliog, b 4 little s Orthóyiiep, B. c E. 362 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOK MCCLXXV. 1 [Yn] y vlOydyn rac Oyneb ychydic 2 ar leu 3 Kychafel y gossodes Etwart vrenliin gOnsli yn Llundein. Ac yna y gossodes 4 ef gossodeu' neOyd 5 ar yr holl deyrnas. Yny ulOydyn honno yny pymthec- uet dyd o AOst y bu uarû 6 [YOein] ab Maredud ab Owein 7 [ap Gruffydd ap yr arglwydd Rys] ac y cladOyt yn Ystrat Fflur 8 [yny cabidyldy ymyneich] geir llaO y dat. Y ulOydyn honno amgylch gOyl Veir Ymedi y deuth Etwart urenhin o Lundein hyt Ygkaer Lleon, ac 9 a dyunnaOd attaO Lywelyn ab GrufFud tywyssaOc Kymry y wneuthur idaO gOrogaeth. Ar tyOyssaOc a dyfynnaOd attaO ynteu holl varOneit Kymry, ac o gyffredin gyghor nyt aeth ef at y brenhin o achaOs vot y brenhin yn kynhal y ffoodron ef, nyt amgen Dauyd ab GrufFud, a Gruffud ab GOenn- OynOyn. Ac or achaOs hOnnO yd ymchoelaOd y brenhin yn UidyaOc y Loegyr, ac yd ymchoelaOd LlyOelyn y Gymry. 1 [Yn] y ulOydyn honno yr Oythuet dyd o 6yl Veir Ymedi y crynaOd y daear Ygkymry amgylch aOr echOyd. Y ulOydyn honno 7 [wedy gwyl Yilhangel] y 10 mordwyaOd Emri uab SimOnt MOnford, ac Elianor ychwaer tu a GOyned. Ac ar yr hynt 11 honno y delit 12 Oynt y gan porthmyn 13 HaOlfFord. Ac y hanuonet ygkarchar EtOart urenhin. Ar Elianor honno a gym- erassei LyOelyn yn Oreic priaOt idaO drOy eireu kyn- drychaOl. A honno drOy wedieu ac annoc Innosens bap a bonhedigyon Lloegyr a rydhaOyt. Ac yna 14 [g w yl Saint Edwart] y gOnaethpOyt priodas Llywelyn ac Elianor Ygkaer Wynt, ac Etwart vrenhin Lloegyr yn costi y wled ar neithaOr ehun yn ehelaeth. Ac or B. kynn, B. kyfachauel, B. ' gossodedigaetheu, B. yn, B. C. E. b. a THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 363 12/5. 'In the ensuing year, a little before Ascension Thursday, king Edward appointed a council in Lon- don ; and then he established new institutions over the whole kingdom, In that year, on the fifteenth day of August, 6 Owain, son of Maredudd, son of Owain, 7 son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys/ died, and was buried at Strata Florida, 8 in the chapter house of the monks/ near his father. That year, about the feast of St. Mary in September, king Edward came from London to Caerleon, and summoned to him Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, prince of Wales, to do homage to him. And the prince summoned unto him all the barons of Wales ; and by general consent, he did not go to the king, because the king harboured his fugitives, namely, David, son of Gruffudd, and Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn. And on that account the king returned to England in anger, and Llywelyn returned to Wales. 1 In that year, the octave of the feast of St. Mary in September, there was an earth- quake in Wales, about the hour of evening tide. That year, 7 after the feast of St. Michael/ Emri, son of Simon Montfqrd, with Eleanor his sister, sailed for Gwynedd. And upon that journey they were seized /? by the gate keepers of Haverford, and conveyed to the prison of king Edward. And this Eleanor had been betrothed to Llywelyn for his wife by represen- tative words. And she, through the intercession and advice of pope Innocent and the gentry of England, was set at liberty. And then, 14 on the feast of St. Edward/ the marriage of Llywelyn and Eleanor was / Z. 7& ■ solemnized at Winchester? Edward, king of England himself bearing the cost of the banquet and nuptial 9 y, B. 10 morOydaOd, B. 11 hOnnO, B. 12 h6y, B. 13 HaOrfforth, B> u C. E. 364 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. Eilanor honno y bu y Lywelyn verch aelwit GOen- llian. a Ac Eilanor a vu uarû y ar etiued, ac y 1 cladOyt 2 [ymanacheloc y brodyr troetnoeth] yn Llan Vaes Ymmon. Ar dywededic Wenllian wedy marO y that a dncpOyt ygkeithiwet y Loegyr, a chyn b bot yn' oet y gOnaethpOyt yn uanaches oe hanuod. Ac Emri a ìydhaOyt o garchar y brenliin, ac aduc hynt y lys Rufein. mcclxxvi. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb yd anuones yr ar- glOyd Lywelyn mynych genadeu y lys y brenliin wrth furfaO tagnefed y rygtunt, ac ny ryrnhaaOd idaO. Ac yny diwed amgylch g6yl c Ueir y kanOylleu' y gos- sodes y brenhin gOnsli Ygkaer Wyragon. Ac 3 yno yd ansodes trillu yn erbyn Kymry. Yn y Gaer Lleon ac ef ehun yn y blaen, arall y gastell Baldwin, ac yny blaen iarll Lincol, a Roser Mortymer. d Y rei liynny adodes Gruftud ab GOenOynOyn 4 y goreskyn oe gyfoetli agollassei kynno hynny, gan attal yr bren- liin Gedewein a Clieri a GOerthrynyon a Buellt/ Ac yno y goresgynnaOd iarll Henford YrecheinaOc. Y trydyd llu a anuones y Gaer Yyrdin a CheredigyaOn, ac yn y blaen Paen 5 uab Padric DysaOs. mcclxxvii. Y ulOydyn rac Oyneb y kylcliynaOd iarll Lincol a Roser Mortymer gastell Dol VorOyn ac a 6 Ar dyòededic v 6 amser c' 7 SaniFraid, d'8 ^ r ii u l iwnnw a oresgynnodd Powys i RufFydd ap Gwenwynwyn. A Cliydewain Aclieri a Gwerth- rynion a Built i Roclier Mortmer. 1 hagkladOyt, B. 2 a I 3 odyno, B. I 4 yn, B. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 365 festivities liberally. And of that Eleanor there was a daughter to Lly welyn, called Gwenllian ; a and Eleanor died in childbirth, and was buried 2 in the chapter house of the barefooted friars/ at Llanvaes in Mona. The said Gwenllian, after the death of her father, was taken as a prisoner to England, and before h she was' of age, she was made a nun against her consent. Emri was liberated from the king's prison, and he took a journey to the court of Rome. 1276. The ensuing year, the lord Llywelyn sent frequent messengers to the court of the king about forming a peace between them, but he did not suc- ceed. And at length, about the feast of c Candkmas/ . \J the king appointed a council at Worcester ; and there he designed three armies against Wales ; one for Caerleon, and himself to lead it ; another for Castle » Baldwin, led by the earl of Lincoln and Roger Mortimer. d Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, had fixed upon them to reconquer his territory, which he had previously lost, by refusing Cydewain and Ceri and Gwerthrynion and Buellt to the king/ And then the earl of Hereford got possession of Brecheiniog. The third army he sent to Caerrnarthen and Ceredigion, led by Pain, son of Patrick de Says. 1277. The ensuing year, the earl of Lincoln and Roger Mortimer besieged the castle of Dolvorwyn, a6 and the said b/6 the time c' 7 St. Bridget, d's w hi c h ÛOS t subdued Powys for Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, and Cydewain and Ceri and Gwerth- rynion and Buellt for Roger Mortimer. 5 ap, B. 7 E. 8 C. E. 366 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ympenn y pytheònos y kaOssant ef o eisseu dyfOr. Yna y kyfunaOd Rys ab Maredud 1 [ap Owain ap Gruffydd ap yr arglwydd Rys], a Rys WyndaOt 1 [ap Rys ievangk ap Rys Mechell ap Rys Gryc ap yr arglwydd Rys] nei 1 [ap chwaer] y tywyssaûc, a Phaen 2 uab Padric a LlyOelyn y vraOt a Howel, 2 a Rys Gryc ' aadaOssant 3 y kyuoeth ac a aethant y Wyned at Lywelyn. Rys ab MaelgOn 1 [ap yr arglwydd Rys] a aeth at Roser Mortymer ac arodes darestygedigaeth yr brenhin yn llaO Roser. Ac yn diwetliaf oil o Deheubarth y kyfunaOd Gruifud a Chynan veibon Maredud ab Owein 1 [ap Gruffydd ap yr arglwydd Rys a Llywelyn ab Owein y nei ar brenhin. Ac uelly y darestygOyt holl Delieubarth yr brenhin. Ac yna y darestygaOd Paen uab Padric yr brenhin tri chymOt o Vch Aeron ; 5 Anhunyaûc a Meuenyd ar kymOt Perued. Ac ydaeth Rys uab Maredud, a Rys WyndaOt, a deu uab Yaredud ab Owein 1 [ap Gruffydd ap yr arglwydd Rys 4 o Geredig- yawn] ylys y brenhin y hebrOg gOrogaeth a 116 kywirdeb idaO. Ar brenhin aoedes gymryt y gOro- gaeth hyt y kOnsli nessaf gan ellOg adref Rys ab Maredud a Grufud ab Maredud ac attal y gyt ac ef Gynan ab Maredud 1 [ap Owain] a Rys WyndaOt. Ac yna y 6 dodes Paen Lywelyn ab Owein yn uab a/ 7 a Llywelyn brawd Rys Wyndawd a Howel ap Rys Gryc, 1 E. 2 ap, B. eu, B. C. THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 367 and at the end of a fortnight they obtained it, through want of water. Then Rhys, son of Maredudd, 1 son of Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys/ and Rhys Wyndod, 1 son of young Rhys, son of Rhys Mechell, son of Rhys the Hoarse, son of the lord Rhys/ nephew, 1 sister's son/ to the prince, be- came reconciled to Pain, son of Patrick. a Llyw- elyn, his brother, and Howel, and Rhys the Hoarse/ quitted their territory, and went to Gwynedd, to Lly welyn ; Rhys, son of Maelgwn, 1 son of the lord Rhys/ went to Roger Mortimer, and made submission to the king, by the hand of Roger. And last of all, from South Wales, Gruffudd, and Cynan, the sons of Maredudd, son of Owain, 1 son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys/ and Lly welyn, son of Owain, his nephew, became reconciled to the king. And thus all South Wales became subjected to the king. Then Pain, son of Patrick, subjugated to the king- three comots of Upper Aeron — 5 Anhunog, and Meven- ydd, and the middle comot. And Rhys, son of Maredudd, and Rhys Wyndod, and the two sons of Maredudd, son of Owain, 1 son of Gruffudd, son of the lord Rhys/ 4 from Ceredigion,' went to the court of the king, to offer their homage and oath of alle- giance to him. But the king delayed accepting their homage until the next council ; sending Rhys, son of Maredudd, and Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, home, and retaining with him Cynan, son of Maredudd, 1 son of Owain/ and. Rhys Wyndod. And then Pain placed Llywelyn, son of Owain, as a youth in guardianship, a ' 7 and Llywelyn, brother of Rhys Wyndod, and Howel, son of Rhys the Hoarse, 5 Nanhvniawc. C. JE. 6 rodes, B. 7 C.E. 368 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ygkadOryaeth o aehaOs diffyc oet. GOedy hynny yr Oythuet dyd o Oyl Ieuan y gOnaeth Eys ab Mael- gOn ar pedwar barOn vry Orogaetli yr brenhin yny kOnsli Ygkaer Wyragon. Y vlOydyn honno Oyl Iago ebostol ydeuth EtmOnt braOt y brenhin allu gantaO hyt yn Llan Badarn, a dechreu adeilat castell Aber Ystvvyth aOnaeth. Ac yna y deuth y brenhin a ae gedernit' gantaO yr Beruedwlat, a chad- arnbau b llys idaO a 1 Onaeth yny Fflint o diruaûr glodyeu yny chylch. Odyno y doeth hyt yn Eudlan ae cîiadarnliau hefyt o glodyeu yny chylch, a thrigyaO yno dalym o amser a Onaeth, Y ulûydyn honno duO SadOrn wedy Aôst yd enkilyaOd Eys ab MaelgOn 2 [ap yr arglwydd Eys] y (jyned at Lywelyn rac ofyn y dala or Saeson 3 [a] oed yn Llan Badarn. Ac yna y goresgynnaOd y Saeson y holl gyfoeth. A chyt ac ef yd enkilyaOd gOyr Geneu yr Glyn oil y úyned, ac adaO y tir ae hydeu oil yn diffeith. A nos wyl Vatheu yd aeth EtmOnt a Phaen y Loegyr, ac adaO Eosser Mulus yn gOnstabyl yn Aber YstOyth ac y OarchadO y Olat. A thrannoeth gOedy gOyl Seint Ynys yd ymchoelaOd Eys 6ynda0t a Chynan ab Maredud o lys y brenhin 4 y eu gOlat. Y ulOydyn honno 5 yn dechreu y kynhayaf ydanuones y brenhin rann naOr oe lu y Von y losgi 11a wer or wlat 6 a dvvyn llaOer oe hydeu. A 7 [chalan gaiaf] gOedy hynny y deuth Llywelyn at y brenhin y Eudlan, ac yd hedychaOd a/ 3 a cliruaOr lu b 8 kastell oruc, B. I 4 yò, B. E. 5 ygkylch, B. B. I THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 369 because of a deficiency of age. After that, on the octave of the feast of St. John, Rhys, son of Mael- / gwn, and the four above named barons, did homage to the king in the council at Worcester. The same year, the jfeasj^oXJ^ Edmund, the 2^S king's brother, came with an army to Llanbadarn; and began to build a castle at Aberystwyth. And then the king, having a his force' with him, came to the Midland District, and fortified a b court at Flint, surrounded with vast dykes. From thence he pro- ceeded to Rhuddlan, and this he also fortified, by surrounding it with dykes ; and there he tarried some time. That year, the Saturday after August, Rhys, son of Maelgwn, 2 son of the lord Rhys/ retired to Gwynedd, to Llywelyn, for fear of being taken by the English who were at Llanbadarn ; and thereupon the English took possession of his whole territory. And along with him the men of Genau y Glyn all retreated to Gwynedd, leaving the whole of their corn and land waste. On the eve of St. Mathew, Edmund and Pain went to England, and left Roger Myles to be constable at Aberystwyth, and to protect the country. The day after the feast of St. Ynys, Rhys Wyndod, and Cynan, son of Maredudd, returned from the court of the king to their own country. That year, in the beginning of harvest, the king sent a great part of his army into Mona, which burned much of the country, and took away much of the corn. And 7 on the calends of winter' after that, Llywelyn came to the king at Rhuddlan, and made his peace i/ 3 an immense army b - 8 castle 0 ae y, B. 7 C. E. E. 370 BRUT Y TYWYSOGION. ac ef. Ac yna y gòahodes y brenhin ef y Nadolic y Lundein, ac 1 ynteu aaeth yno. Ac yno y rodes y wrogaeth yr brenhin. A gòedy y drigyaO pyth- eOnos yn Llundein yd ymclioelaOd y Gymry. Ac ygkylch gúyl Andras y gollygùyt Owein Goch ac Owein ab Gruffud 2 [ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth a Gruffydd] ab GOenOynOyn o garchar Llywelyn drOy orchymyn y brenhin. Ac yna y cauas Owein Goch y gan Lywelyn y vraOt oe gObyl nod gantref Llyyn. MCCLXXVUT. Y ulòydyn rac Oyneb gOyl Etwart urenhin y rodes Etwart nrenhin ac EtmOnt y uraOt Elianor y kefnitherO merch SimOnt MOnford 2 [kanis Elenor verch levan vrenin oedd vam Simwnt Mwn- fFordd] y Lywelyn ar drOs yr eglOys vaOr Ygkaer Óyragon, ac yno y priodes, ar nos honno y gOnaeth- pOyt y neithaOr. A thrannoeth yd ymchoelaOd Llywelyn ac Elianor yn llaOen y Gymry. MCCLXXix. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y peris Etwart vrenhin ffuruaO mOnei newyd, a gOnenthnr y dimeiot ar ffyrlligot yn grynyon. Ac uelly y cOplaOyt pro- phOytolyaeth Yyrdin pan dywaOt. Ffuryf y gyfnewit aholltir, ar hanner a vyd crOn. mcclxxx. Petwar ngeint mlyned adencant amil oed oet Crist pann nu narò Rickert o Gaer EiO escob Mynyù a duO kalan Ebrill/ Ac yny le ynteu ydurdOyt Thomas Beg yn escob. Y nlOydyn honno y bu uarO a' 3 duw Llun nessaf kynn gwyl Seint Ambros kalan Ebrill. 1 ef, B> THE CHRONICLE OF THE PRINCES. 371 with him ; and then the king invited him to come to London at Christmas, and he went there, and there he made his homage to the king. And after he had remained in London a fortnight, he returned to Wales. About the feast of St. Andrew, Owain_ the Red, and O wain, son of Gruffudd, 2 son of Lly w- ^ ^ww^ nn^ . elyn, son of Iorwerth, àìíóT^Gruffudd/ son of Gwen- wynwyn were released from the prison of Llywelyn, by the command of the king. And then Owain the Red obtained from his brother Llywelyn the cantrev of Lleyn, with his full consent. 1278. The ensuing year, the feast of St. Edward the king, king Edward and Edmund his brother, bestowed their cousin Eleanor, daughter of Simon Montford, 2 for Eleanor daughter of king John was the mother of Simon Montford/ on Llywelyn, at the door of the great church in Worcester, and there were they married ; and on that night the nuptials were solemnized. And the next day Llywelyn and Eleanor joyfully returned to Wales. 1279. The ensuing year, Edward ordered the coin- ing of new money ; and that the halfpennies and farthings should be made round. And thus was ful- filled the prophecy of Myrddin, when he says, "The " symbol of the exchange shall be split, and the half " shall be round." , 1280. One thousand two hundred and eighty was the year of Christ, when Rickert, of Caer Rhiw, bishop of Menevia, died a on the calends of April and in his stead Thomas Beck was consecrated bishop. a ' 3 on the Monday next before the feast of St. Ambrose, the calends of April ; 3 a A A 2 372 BRUT Y TYWYSOGIOK Phylip Gocli y trydyd abat ardec o Ystrat Fflur. A gOedy ef y bu abat EinaOn Seis. Ac yn oes hOnnO y llosges y vanachlaOc. GOedy hynny nos Oyl a Veir y kanhOylleu' y cant escob MynyO offeren yn Ystrat Fflur, a lionno vu yr offeren gyntaf a ganaOd ynyr escobaOt, a duO g6yl Dewi rac Oyneb yd eistedaOd yny gadeir yn eglOys YynyO. mcclxxxi. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb y goresgynnaOd Dauyd ab Grufud gastell 1 Penhardlech OylSeint Benet abat, ac y lladaùd y kastellwyr oil eithyr Rosser Clifort arglOyd y castell a Pliaen 2 Gameis. Y rei hynny a delis ac agarcharaOd. mcclxxxii. Y vlOydyn rac Oyneb gOyl Ueir y gehyded y goresgynnaOd Gruffud ab Maredud 8 [ap Owein ap Gruffydd ap yr arglwydd Rys], a Rys ab MaelgOn 3 [Vychan ap Maelgwn ap yr arglwydd Rys] dref Aber YstOyth arcastell, ac y llosgassant y dref ar castell, ac y distryOassant y gaer aoed ygkylcli y castell ar dref drOy arbet y heneideu yr castellwyr, o acbaOs dydyeu y diodeueint aoedynt yn agos. Ar dyd hOnnO y goresgynnaOd Rys ab MaelgOn gantref Penwedic, a Gruffud ab Maredud gymOt Meuenyd. Benedicamus Domino. Deo gracia. 8/3 Sanffraid 1 Pennardd alavc, E. J 2 Degomeres, E. CHRONICLE OF THE P1UNCES. 373 That year died Philip the Red, the thirteenth abbot of Strata Florida ; and after him Einon the Saxon became abbot, and in his lifetime the monastery was burned. After that, on the eve of the feast of a Candlemas, the bishop of Menevia sang mass in Strata Florida ; and that was the first mass that he sang in the diocese ; and on the feast of St. David ensuing he sat in the chair in the church of Menevia. 1281.°. The ensuing year, David, son of GrufTudd, /2SX reduced the castle of 1 Penharddlech, on the feast of St. B enet the abbo t, and slew the whole of the garri- son, except Roger Clifford, the lord of the castle, and Pain Gam age ; those he took and imprisoned. *f .), 172. defends the castle, (Z>.), !72. is successful in his attack upon the castle, 174. a dissension between him and his uncle Cadwalader, 174. calls out the men of Meirionydd, 174. attacks the castle of Cadwalader in Cynvael, and takes it, 174. captures his cousin Cadvan, son of Cadwalader, and seizes his land and castle, 178. the whole of Ceredigion, except one castle, taken from him (given to him, Z>.) by Cadell, Maredudd, and Rhys, the sons of Gruffudd, 178. obtains by force the castle of Llan- rhystud, and burns it, killing the garrison, 178. repairs the castle of the son of Hum- frey in the Vale of Calettwr, 180. encamps at the castle of Dinweleir, 194. ordered by king Henry II. to be blinded, 202. killed by bis brother David, 206. 454 INDEX. Howel, son of Rhys, goes with his brother Gruffudd to Gruffudd, son of Cynan, for protection from Henry II., 120. his former imprisonment and subse- quent escape, 120. Howel, son of Rhys the Hoarse, quits his territory, and proceeds to Gwynedd to Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, 366. Howel the Saxon, son of Rhys, released by king Henry II., having been previously retained by him as hostage, 214. sent by his father to serve the king beyond sea, 222. is honourably received by the king, 222. obtains the castle of Gwys through treachery, 238. captures Philip, son of Gwys, the keeper of the castle, with his wife and two sons, 238. permits his family and the family of Maelgwn, his brother, to demolish the castle of Llanuhadein, 238. releases his father from prison, 240. stabbed at Cemaes by the men of Maelgwn, his brother, 260. his death and burial, 260. Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, dies, 260. his dignity, 260. Hugh, his injuries to the Britons, 70. Hugh, the castle of, taken by young Rhys, 284. Hugh, earl of Caerleon, the son of, accuses Gruffudd, son of Cynan, and Gor- onwy, son of Owain, 112. purposes to exterminate all the Bri- tons, 112. commands an army under king Henry I., 114. Hugh the Fat, leads a troop of French against Gwynedd, 60. is wounded in the face by Magnus, king of Germany, 62. his death, 66. Hugh de Lacy, king John takes their land and castles from the sons of, 262, 264. Hugh de Mortimer, seizes Rhys, son of Howel, and puts him in prison, 1 66. Hugh, son of Raulf, repairs the castle of Gemaron, and conquers Maelienydd, 166. Hugh de Say, marshals his cavalry against the Welsh, 242. Humfrey, the castle of, burnt by the sons of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, 162. the castle of the son of, repaired by Howel, son of Owain, 180. the castle of, stored by Roger, earl of Clare, 190. the castle of, attacked by Einon, son of Anarawd, 192. I. Iago, Gruffudd, son of Cynan, fights against the men of, 48. Iago, son of Idwal, ravages Dyved, 22. deprives his brother Ieuav of his eyes, 24. expelled from his territory, 26. is captured and his territory con- quered, 26. Iago, son of Idwal, holds the government of Gwynedd, 38. is slain, 38. Idwal, the sons of, fight against the sons of Owain, son of Howel, in the battle of Carno, 22. his sons fight against the sons of Howel, in the battle of Conwy, 22. they devastate Ceredigion, 22. they reign at the time when the great snow happened, 24. their kingdoms ravaged by the Saxons 24. Idwal, is slain, 26. Idwal, son of Meurug, is slain, 32. Idwal, son of Rhodri, killed by the Saxons 20. Idwal, son of Rhodri, killed, 24. Idwallon, death of, 12. Idwallon, son of Einon, death of, 26. Ià T DEX. 455 Ieuan, earl of Caerleon, death of, 326. Ieuan, son of Dyvnwal, imprisoned in the castle of Abergavenny, 218. Ieuan, high priest of Llanbadarn, dies, 160. Ieuan, son of Owain, expels Maredudd, son of Llywarch, from his country, 154. slain by the sons of Llywarch, son of Owain, his cousin, 154, 156. Ieuan, son of Seisyll, obtains the castle of Abergavenny, through treachery, from the men of king Henry II., 218. Ieuav, son of Idwal, ravages Dyved, 22. blinded by his brother lago, 24. imprisoned and hanged, 24. Igmond, comes to the isle of Mona, and fights the battle of Rhos Meilon, 18. Innocent III., pope, absolves Llywelyn, son of Iorwertb, Gwenwynwyn, and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, from their oath of fidelity to the king of England, 272. releases the interdict of the kingdom, 280. his death, 292. Innocent,"pope, intercedes for the liberation of Eleanor, 362. Insects, a destructive swarm of, 220. Ionathal, prince of Abergeleu, dies, 12. Ionaval, son of Meurug, killed by Cad- wallon, son of Ieuav, 28. Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, invited by Robert, earl of Shrewsbury, and Ernulf, his brother, to aid them against Henry I., 68. invited by the promise of a larger reward to join the king, 70. receives from the king a grant of J Powys, Ceredigion, and the half of Dyved, 70. despoils the territory of earl Robert, 70. makes peace with his brothers, and shares the dominion between them, 72. confines his brother Maredudd in the king's prison, 74. Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn— cont. gives his brother Cadwgan the ter- ritory of Ceredigion, and a part of Powys, 74. is disappointed by the king, who de- parts from his engagement with him, 74. cited to Shrewsbury, fined, and cast into prison, 76. his character, 76. stipulates with the king for his release, 96. his message to Owain andMadog, 96,98. takes measures to pursue them, 98. repairs to the court of the king, 102. is plotted against by Madog, with the assistance of Llywarch's accom- plices, and killed, 106, 108. Iorwerth, son of Llywarch, killed by Llyw- elyn, son of Owain, in Powys, 154. Iorwerth, bishop of Menevia, proposes terms of peace to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 300. buries the body of Maredudd, son of Rhys, 316. Iorwerth, son of Nudd, killed in battle, 144. Iorwerth, son of Owain, killed, 1 56. Iorwerth, son of Owain, governs the land of Caerleon, 188. taken by king Henry II. on the river Usk, 210. destroys the town of Caerleon, and devastates the country, 210, 212. sent for by the king to confer with him on the subject of peace, 218. destroys the territory of the king as far as Hereford and Gloucester, 218. attacks Caerleon, 222. attacks Gwent Iscoed, 222. subdues the whole country, 222. driven by the French from Caerleon, 224. recovers Caerleon, 226. Iorwerth the Red, son of Maredudd, burns the castle of Yale, 188. leads an army against Henry II., 200. driven from his people and his ter- ritory in Mochnant, 204. 456 INDEX. Iorwerth, abbot of Tal y Llycheu, made bishop of Menevia, 284. Ireland, a mortality in, 2. rains blood in, 4. arrival of the Pagans in, 8. failure of provisions in, 1 6. devastated by the people of Dublin, 20. a fleet fails coming from, to South Wales, 42. a fleet from, endangers South Wales, 42. Ehys, son of TVdwr, retreats into, 52. Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, and Gruf- fudd, son of Cynan, retreat into, 60. Bowel, son of Ithel, goes to, 62. Cadwalader, son of Gruffudd, collects a fleet from, and lands at Aber- menai, 164. Eickert, earl of Terstig, sails for, 208. king Henry II. goes to, 216. returns from, 216. king John goes to, 262. William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, sails for, 310. Irish, a slaughter of the, at Aber Tywi, 40. Iscoed, Gruffudd, son of Rhys, proceeds to, 128. Isles, the Pagans of the, demolish Me- nevia, 54. Ithel, son of Gruffudd, killed in the battle of Mechain, 46. Ithel, king of Gwent, slain by the men of Brecheiniog, 12. Ithel, son of Rhirid, incited by Riekert, bishop of London, to seize Owain, son of Cadwgan, 86. seizes the portion of Powys belonging to Cadwgan and his son Owain, 92. demanded by king Henry I. as hostage in respect of the release of Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, 96. liberated from the king's prison, 150. slain by his cousin Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, 152. Ithel, abbot of Ystrad Marchell, death of, 232. Ivor, son of Alan, king of Armorica, reigns as chief or prince in Bri- tain, 2. his death, 2. Ivor, son of Idnerth, cuts off the French at Aber Llech, 58. Ivor, son of Meurug, the men of, treach- erously kill Morgan, son of Owain Gwynedd, 188. Ivor, of Porth Talarthi, dies, 32. Iweryd, mother of Owain and Uchtryd, the sons of Edwin, king of Tegeingl, 140. J. Jeffrey, bishop of Llandaf, death of, 184. Jeffrey, bishop of Menevia, death of, 118. Jeffrey, bishop of Menevia, death of, 280. Jerusalem, Robert, brother of Henry I., returns victoriously from, 64. Morgan, son of Cadwgan, dies on his return from, 154. pilgrims to, are drowned, 166. Louis, king of Prance, proceeds to, 172. subdued by the Saracens and the Jews, 234. Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, goes to, 236. an earthquake at, 256. several crusaders go to, 304. Jerusalem, king of, leads the Christians to Damietta, 304. Jerusalem, patriarch of, comes to England to request aid from king Henry II. against the Jews and Saracens, 232. leads the Christians to Damietta, 304. Jews and Saracens, threaten the destruction of Jerusalem, 232. take possession of the Cross, and sub- due Jerusalem, 234. Joan, dame, daughter of king John, and wife of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, dies at Aber, 324. is buried in a new cemetery on the side of the strand, 324. INDEX. 457 John, fortifies the castles of Menevia and Buellt, 330. John, cardinal, arrives in England, and holds a council, 260. John, king of England, succeeds to the throne, 254. banishes William Bruse, his son Wil- liam, and their wives and grandsons, to Ireland, 262. seizes Gwenwynwyn at Shrewsbury, 262. goes with an immense army to Ireland, 262. dispossesses the sons of Hugh de Lacy of their land and castles, 262, 264. having received homage of all in Ire- land, and captured the wife of William Bruse, and young William, and his wife, son, and daughter, he returns to England, 264. makes preparations for the subjugation of Gwynedd, 266. comes to Dyganwy, 266. having suffered great privations and losses, he returns to England, 268. is deprived of the Midland district by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, Gwen- wynwyn, and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 272. commands the seneschal of Hereford, and Eoulke, the seneschal of Cardiff, to compel Rhys the Hoarse to de- liver up the castle of Llanymddyvri and the district to the sons of Gruf- fudd, son of Rhys, or to quit the country, 274. does penance for the wrongs which he had committed against the church, 276. recalls the archbishop of Canterbury and the other bishops and scholars from exile, 278. makes his kingdom a tributary of the Roman see, 278. sails for Poictou with a large army, 278. makes a truce of seven years with the king of France, 280. John, king of England — cont. returns to England, 280. pays many of their losses to the clergy, 280. a disturbance between him and his barons, 280. the Welsh rise against him, 282. loses London into the hands of the men of the North, 282. makes peace with Gwenwynwyn, 290. secures the rivers and harbours against the approach of Louis, the son of the French king, 292. flees towards Winchester and the Vale of the Severn, 292. burns the town of Winchester lest it should fall into the hands of Louis, and fortifies the castle, 292. proceeds to Hereford, 292. requires the Welsh princes to enter into terms of peace with him, 292. proceeds to Gelli and Maes Hyveidd, burns the towns, and demolishes the castles, 292. ravages and destroys Oswestry, 292. dies at Newark, 292. his body conveyed to Worcester, where it is- buried, near the grave of St. Dunstan, 292. Joseph, bishop of Llandaf, death of, 40. Joseph, bishop of Menevia, death of, 44. K. Kent, Worgan consecrated in, by arch- bishop Ancellin, 80. L. Lacy, Hugh de, his sons dispossessed of their land and castles by king John, 262. Lateran church, a general council held at, 286. 458 INDEX. Leinster, the men of, oppose Brian, king of all Ireland, and his allies, 34. Diermid, king of, dies, 208. Lewes, the king of England and the king of Germany meet on the plains of, 350. Lincoln, the North men and the Erench under Louis, take possession of the city of, 294. it is retaken by the English under William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, and others, 296. Lincoln, the bishop of, dies, 324. Lincoln, the earl of, with Koger Mortimer, leads an army to Castle Baldwin, 364. they besiege the castle of Dolvorwyn, and gain it, 364, 366. Little Cenarch (Cengarth, Z>.), founded by Gerald, the steward of Pembroke, 82. Llanarthneu, capture of Rhys the Hoarse at, 316. Llanbadarn, devastated by the Pagans, 30. depopulated by Gruffudd, son of Lly w- elyn, son of Seisyll, 40. Ieuan, the high priest of, dies, 1 60. Mahalt de Bruse dies at, 266. Maredudd, son of Owain, dies at, 252. Llanbadarn the Great, the church of, burnt, 344. Llandaf, Joseph, bishop of, dies at Eome, 40. Herwald, bishop of, dies, 80. Uchtryd, bishop of, dies, 176. Jeffrey, bishop of, dies, 184. Llandeilo, burnt by Rhys the Hoarse, 276. Llandeilo the Great, Rhys the Hoarse dies at, 320. Llandinam, Owain Gwynedd moves an army as far as, 196. Llandydoch, devastated by the Pagans, 30. a battle near, between Rhys, son of Tewdwr, and Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, 54. Llanddewi Brevi, the sanctuary of Dewi at, defiled and laid waste, 90. Llanegwad, the castle of, subdued by young Rhys, 258. Llanegwestl, the monastery of, founded by Madog, son of Gruffudd Maelor, 256. Gruffudd, son of Madog, buried at, 356. Llanelwy, Adam, bishop of, dies, 230. Abraham, bishop of, dies, 320. Howel, bishop of, dies, 332. Llanerch Aeron, death of Maelgwn, son of Rhys, at, 318. Llangadog, the castle of, won by (from, E.) Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and Gwen- wynwyn, son of Owain Cyveiliog, 258. taken possession of by Rhys the Little. 262. burnt by Rhys and Owain, sons of Gruffudd, 262. Llangarvan, devastated by the Pagans, 30. Llan Geneu, the castle of, reduced and taken, 344. Llangiwg, Lly welyn, son of Iorwerth, en- camps at, 300. Llangors, Trahaiarn the Little seized on his passage through, 250. Llangwm, battle near, between the sons of Meurug and Maredudd, 32. Llanilltud, devastated by the Pagans, 30. Llanrhystud, a castle at, constructed by Cadwalader, son of Gruffudd, 176. the castle conquered by the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 178. Llanrwst, the action of Conwy at, between the sons of Idwal and the sons of Howel, 22. Llanstephan, the castle of, burnt by the sons of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, 162. conquered by the sons of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 168. taken possession of by Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 234. demolished by Lly welyn, son of Ior- werth, 286. INDEX. 459 Llanstephan — cont. destroyed by Llywelyn, son of Gruf- fudd, and his associates, 344. Llanuhadein, the castle of, taken by Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 236. demolished by permission of Howel the Saxon, son of Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 238. Llanvaes, the battle of, in Mona, 10. the monastery of, built by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, in honour of his •wife Joan, 326. Llanvihangel Gelynrod, death of Gwen- llian, daughter of young Maelgwn, at, 338. Llanweithenog, devastated by Godfrey, son of Harold, 28. Llanwenog, the battle of, 28. Llanymddyvri, the castle of, attacked by Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 122. subdued by Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 190. taken possession of by Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 256. obtained by the family of young Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 258. obtained through devices, by Gwen- wynwyn and Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 258. won from Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 258, 260. taken possession of by Rhys the Hoarse, 264. strengthened by Rhys the Hoarse, 276. yielded to young Rhys, 276. allotted to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 288. Maredudd, son of Gruffudd, dies in, 358. Llawdden, nephew of Gurgeneu the abbot, slain by Cynan and Owain Gwyn- edd, 206. Lleyn, devastated by the sons of Abloec, 24. devastated by Gwrmid, 26. devastated by Constantine, son of Iago, and Godfrey, son of Harold, 26. Lleyn — cont. Cadwalader and Owain, sons of Gruf- fudd, remove all their property from Meirionydd into, 150. subdued by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 256. the cantrev of, conceded to Owain the Red, 370. Llwyn Pina, Owain, prince of Gwynedd, encamps in front of, 186. Llych Crei, the battle of, 52. Llychwr, the castle of, reduced by young Rhys, 284. Llywarch, son of Hennyth, dies, 18. Llywarch, son of Owain, deprived of his eyes, 28. Llywarch, son of Owain, son of Edwin, a dissension between him with his brothers, and Howel, son of Ithel, 142. slaughtered in battle with Howel and his allies, 144. Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, his aid pro- mised to Ithel and Madog, sons of Rhirid, against Owain, son of Cadwgan, by Rickert, bishop of London, 86. plots with Madog, son of Rhirid, against Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, 106. his land invaded by the family of Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, 110, joined by king Henry I., with Owain, son of Cadwgan, in an expedition against Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 134. his territory ravaged by Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, and others, 152. Llywelyn, son of Cadwallon, unjustly seized and blinded by his brothers, 232, 234. Llywelyn, son of Cadwgan, takes part in a battle at Camddwr, 48. and in the battle of Gwennottyll, 48. killed by the men of Brecheiniog, 62. Llywelyn, son of Cedivor, defeated and slain by Rhys, son of Tewdwr, 54. 460 INDEX. Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, awaits the hostile arrival of his brothers, 340. captures and imprisons Owain the Bed, 340. takes possession of the territory of Owain and David, 340. listens to the complaints of the Welsh nobles, 340. in company with Maredudd, son of Rhys the Hoarse, invades the Mid- land country, 340. takes Meirionydd to himself, 342. gives the part of Ceredigion, which belonged to Edward, with Buellt, to Maredudd, son of Owain, 342. restores his territory to Maredudd, son of Rhys the Hoarse, 342. wrests Gwerthrynion from Roger Mortimer, 342. in company with Maredudd, son of Rhys the Hoarse, and Maredudd, son of Owain, invades the territory of Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, 342. destroys the castle of Bydydon, 342. destroys the castle of Aber Torran, Llanstephan, Arberth, and Maen- clochog, 344. subdues Cemaes, 344. is reconciled to Gruffudd, son of Madog, 344. enters Buellt, 346. takes it, with the exception of the castle, from Roger Mortimer, 346. returns to Gwynedd, 346. his men gain the castle of Buellt by a night onset, and destroy it, 346. receives Owain, son of Maredudd of Elvael, into peace, 346. comes with a large army to Maelien- ydd, 348. receives the homage of the men of Maelienydd, 348. permits Roger Mortime to return back, 348. goes to Brecheiniog, 348. returns to Gwynedd, 348. Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd — cont. becomes prince of all Wales, 352. confederates with earl Clare, 354. peace formed between him and king Henry III., 354. terms of the compact, 356. visits the castle of Dolvorwyn, 358. upbraids Gruffudd, son of Gwenwyn- wyn, with his deceit and disloyalty, 360. takes from him Arwystli and thirteen townships of Cyveiliog, and carries his eldest son Owain with him to Gwynedd, 360. sends messengers to Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, who orders them to be imprisoned, 360. fights against the castle of Trallwng, and subdues all the territory of Gruffudd, 360. summoned by the king to do homage to him, 362. refuses to go to the king, 362. returns to Wales, 362. espouses Eleanor, daughter of Simon Montford, 362. sends messengers in vain to the court of the king about forming peace, 364. comes to the king at Rhuddlan, and makes his peace with him, 370. is invited to London, 370. does homage to the king, 370. having remained a fortnight in Lon- don, returns home, 370. marries Eleanor in the great church at Worcester, 370. returns with his wife to Wales, 370. Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, combines with Rhodri, son of Owain, and the sons of Cynan, against David, son of Owain Gwynedd, 240. captured by Gwenwynwyn, 250. subdues the cantrev of Lleyn, 256. raises an army from Bowys, against Gwenwynwyn, 258. peace concluded between him and Gwenwynwyn, 258. INDEX. 4G1 Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth — cont. returns happily after conquering the castle of Bala, 258. David, son of Owain, hanished out of Wales by him, 258. takes possession of Gwenwynwyn's territory, castles, and courts, 262. repairs Aberystwyth, and takes to himself the cantrev of Penwedig, 262. gives the rest of Ceredigion above Aeron to the sons of Gruffudd, son of Ehys, 262. the castle of Dyganwy demolished by him, 264. ravages the territory of the earl of Caerleon, 264. makes cruel attacks upon the English, 266. king John is enraged against him, 266. disposes his army and property for the campaign with John, 266. sends his wife to make peace with the king, 268. confederates with the Welsh princes against the king, 270. is absolved by pope Innocent from the oath of fidelity to the king, 272. reduces the castles of Dyganwy and Ehuddlan, 278. invests Shrewsbury, and receives pos- session of the town and castle, 282. is joined by Maelgwn, and Owain, son * of Gruffudd, in Gwynedd, 284. his daughter married to Bheinallt de Br use, 286. collects a vast army to Caermarthen, 286. razes its castle to the ground, 286. demolishes the castles of Llanstephan, and Talacharn and St. Clare, 286. fights against the castle of Emlyn in Ceredigion, 286. receives the homage of the men of Cemaes, 286. the castle of Trevdraeth is delivered to him, 286. Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth — cont. and the castles of Aberystwyth aud Cilgerran, 286. returns victorious, with the confede- rate princes, 286. witnesses a partition of land between Maelgwn, son of Bhys, and Ehys the Hoarse and others, 288. strives to recal Gwenwynwyn to his allegiance to him, 290. enters Powys, and makes war on Gwenwynwyn, 290. becomes angry with Bheinallt de Bruse, 298. invades Brecheiniog, and attacks Aberhodni, 298. makes peace with the men of Aber- hodni, and takes five hostages from them, 300. conducts his army to Gower, over the Black Mountain, 300. encamps at Llangiwg, 300. gives the castle of Senghenydd to Eheinallt de Bruse, who had surren- dered to him, 300. leads his army towards Dyved, against the Elemings, 300. met at Cevn Cynwarchan, by messen- gers from the Elemings, 300. invests Haverford, 300. receives terms of peace from Iorwerth, bishop of Menevia, 300. Caermarthen and Aberteivi put under his custody, 302. advises young Ehys, and all the princes, to do homage to the king, 304. his daughter Margaret married to John de Bruse, 304. summons the princes of Wales, 306. collects a vast army against the Flem-. ings of Ehos and Pembroke, 306. attacks the castle of Arberth, 306. obtains it by force, 306. destroys the castle of Gwys, and burns the town, 306. comes to Haverford, and burns the town, 306. 462 INDEX. Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth — cont. goes round Rhos and Deugleddyv, 306. makes a truce with the Flemings, 306. returns home joyful and happy, 306. a dispute engendered between him and his son Gruffudd, 306. collects an army against Gruffudd, 306. threatens to take revenge upon him and his men, 306. is exhorted to receive his son in peace, 308. is reconciled to him, 308. takes from him the cantrev of Meirionydd and comot of Ardudwy, 308. begins to build a castle therein, 308. goes to Aberystwyth, 308. obtains possession of the castle and the territory attached to it, 308. is, with the earls and barons of the marches, summoned by the king to Shrewsbury, 308. is reconciled to young Ehys, 308. relinquishes Aberteivi in his favour, 308. gives a part of young Rhys's territory to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 310. sends Gruffudd, his son, with a large army to oppose William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, 312. proceeds to Mabudrud, 314. prepares to oppose the king, 316. attacks his enemies, 316. receives the castle of Buellt and a large sum of money for the libera- tion of young William Bruse, 316. peace formed between him and the king, 316. hangs William Bruse, 318. burns the town and castle of Baldwin, Maes Hyveidd, Gelli, and Aber- hodni, 318. reduces Caerleon to ashes, 318. casts the castles of Nedd and Cydweli to the ground, 318. proceeds to Brecheiniog, 320. Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth— cont. destroys all the castles and towns. 320. fights against the castle of Aberhodni for a month, 320. burns the town of Colunwy, 320. subjugates the Vale of Teveidiog, 320. burns Trallwng and Oswestry, and* razes the Red Castle to the ground, 320. builds a monastery at Llanvaes, in honour of his wife, 326. divests Maredudd, son of Madog, of his territory, 326. dies, and is buried at Aberconway, 326. his good works, 326. Llywelyn, son of Madog, kills Stephen, son of Baldwin, 180. is killed, 194. Llywelyn, son of Maelgwn, dies, 318. is buried at Aberconway, 318. Llywelyn, son of Maredudd, a confederate prince with Llywelyn, son of Ior- werth, in his expedition to South Wales, 288. Llywelyn, son of Owain, blinded by his uncle, Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, 154, bis. kills Iorwerth, son of Llywarch, 154. kills Maredudd, son of Llywarch, 154. his death, 202. his character, 202. Llywelyn, son of Owain, reconciled to the king, 366. placed by Pain as a youth in ward, 366, 368. Llywelyn, son of young Rhys, and Howel, son of Rhys the Hoarse, go to Gwynedd, 366. Llywelyn, son of Seisyll, kills Aeddan, son of Blegywryd, and his four sons, 34. makes war against Rein the Scot, 36. signally defeats him at Aber Gwyli. 36. extent of his dominion, and prosperity of his reign, 36. INDEX. 463 London, taken possession of by Henry I. on the death of William Rufus, 64. a council held in, for the purpose of confirming the laws of the churches 228. taken by the North men from king John, 282. the bishop of, dies, 324. David, son of Llywelyn, cited to, by king Henry III., 328. earl Clare marches with a vast army to, 354. takes it through the treachery of the burgesses, 354. is attacked by king Henry III., 354. king Henry III. interred in the new monastery in, 358. king Edward I. appoints a council in, 362. Lough Garmon, the castle at, gained by Kobert, son of Stephen, and Dier- mid, son of Murchath, 206. Louis, king of France, joins a crusade to Jerusalem, 172. messengers from, come to king Henry II., 216. Louis, son of Phillip, king of France, is sent by his father to Poictou, to meet king John, 278. comes to England with a great multi- tude, 290. receives homage from the earls and barons, at London, 292. takes the castle of Winchester, 292. a treaty of peace and compact with him discussed in a council at Oxford, 294. sails for France, 294. returns to England with a small re- tinue, 294. desists from attacking the castle of Canterbury, 298. comes to London, and sends to France for help, 298. pacification declared between him and Henry, king of England, 302. its terms, 302. sails for France, 302. Louis (supra), king of France, and his three brothers, proceed with an immense army towards Jerusalem, 334. proceeds to the city of Damietta, 334. that city is given up to him, 334. taken by the Saracens, 334. compelled to restore Damietta to them, 334. regains it, 336. returns from his pilgrimage, 338 Lucius, succeeds Alexander in the papacy, 230. his death, 232. Ludlow, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and William Marshall, appear before the council of the king and archbishop at, 314. Lwmbert, assumes the bishopric of Mene- via, 14. his death, 20. M. Mabudrud, Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, pro- ceeds with his army to, 314. Mabwynion, (son of Gwynion), the castle of, dismantled and burnt by Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 198. the comot of, alloted to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 290. Macmael Minbo, slain in a sudden onset. 46. his fame and power, 46. Mactus the monk, death of, 40. Madog, son of Bleddyn, assists his brothers in expelling Rhys, son of Tewdwr, from his territory and kingdom, 52, slain, with his brothers, in the battle of Llych Crei, 52. Madog, son of Cadwgan, holds a share of Powys after his brother Owen's death, 138. invited by Howel, son of Ithel, to assist him against the sons of Owain, son of Edwin, 142. 464 INDEX. Madog, son of Cadwgan— cont. aids in the defeat of the latter, 144. is opposed by king Henry I., 146. Madog, son of Gruff udd Maelor, founds the monastery of Llanegwestl in Yale, 254,256. summoned by king J ohn to Caerleon, to join his army against Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 266. confederates with Llywelyn against the king, 270. his death and burial, 324. his character, 324. Madog, son of Idnerth, joins the expe- dition of Owain and Cadwalader, sons of Gruffudd, 158. his death, 162. his two sons join Owain Gwynedd against Henry II., 200. Madog, son of Llywarch, killed by his cousin Meurug, son of Khirid, 156. Madog, son of Maelgwn, hanged in Eng- land, 272. Madog, son of Maredudd, builds the castle of Oswestry, and gives Cyveiliog to his nephews, Owain and Meurug, the sons of Gruffudd, 176. prepares to rise against Owain Gwyn- edd, 178. constructs a castle at Caereinion in the vicinity of Cymmer, 184. encamps between the army of king Henry H. and the army of Owain Gwynedd, 186. his death, 194. his character, 194. his sons assist Owain Gwynedd against Henry EL, 200. Madog, son of Rhirid, requested by Rick- ert, bishop of London, to secure Owain, son of Cadwgan, or to expel him and his father out of the country, 86. encamps at Rhyd Cornnec, 88. seizes the portion of Powys which belonged to Cadwgan and Owain, 92. Madog, son of Rhirid — cont. a discord between him and the French, 94. seeks and obtains the friendship of Owain, son of Cadwgan, 94. with Owain, commit many crimes, 96. remonstrated with by Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, 98. set upon by the men of Meirionydd, 100. goes into Powys, 100. goes to Ireland with Owain, 104. returns from Ireland, not being able to endure the savage manners of the Gwyddelians, 104. proceeds to Powys, but is not received kindly by his uncle Iorwerth. 106. forms a plot against his uncle, and makes anight attack upon him, 106. plots against Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, and slays him, 108. taken prisoner by the family of Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, 110. blinded by Owain, son of Cadwgan, 112. Madog, son of Rhys, escapes from his father's prison, 236. blinded by Anarawd, his brother, 238. Mael Mordav, heads the men of Leinster against Brian, king of Ireland, 34. Maelgwn, son of Cadwalader, death of, 250. Maelgwn, son of Cadwallon, the sons of, take part in the expedition of Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, to South Wales, 288. Maelgwn the Little, son of Maelgwn, fights against Caermarthen, 322. completes the castle of Trev Ilan, 322. fortifies the castle of Garthgrugyn, 328. compelled to flee into Gwynedd, 332. retires into the mountains and wilds, 332. Maelgwn, son of Maelgwn, son of Rhys, burns Aberteivi, and slays the bur- gesses, 318. breaks down the bridge, 318. INDEX. 4G5 Maelgwn, son of Maelgwn, son of Rhys — cont. comes to Owain, son of Gruffudd, and the men of Llywelyn, 318. accompanied by them, breaks the castle with engines, 318. dies, and is buried at Strata Florida, 344. Maelgwn, son of Owain, banished into Ireland by his brother David, 222. taken and imprisoned by the same, 224. Maelgwn, son of Rhys, ravages and burns Tenby, 234. his character, 234. seized by his father, and imprisoned, 236. escapes from prison, 236. his family gain the castle of Ystrad Meurug, 238. and demolish the castle of Llanuhad- ein, 238. are attacked and put to flight by the Flemings, 238. gives the castle of Ystrad Meurug to his brothers, 238. assists his brothers in imprisoning his father, 240. deceived by his brother Howel, who releases his father, 240. his castle of Nyver demolished by the sons of Cadwallon, 240. subjugates, with the family of Gwen- wynwyn, the town and castle of Aberystwyth, 248, 250. imprisons his brother Gruffudd, 250. takes Aberteivi and the castle of Ystrad Meurug, after his brother GrutÇudd had gone into an English prison, 252. swears to deliver Aberteivi castle to Gruffudd, 254. disregards his oath, 254. gets possession of the castle of Din- eirth, 254. sells Aberteivi for a trifling value to the English, 254. Maelgwn, son of Rhys — cont. wins (loses, E.) the castle of Llan- ymddyvri and the castle of Llan- gadog, 258, 260. completes the castle of Dineirth, 258. his men treacherously stab his brother Howel, 260. loses Llanymddyvri and Dinevwr, the keys of all his dominions, 260. instigates an Irishman to kill Cedivor, son of Griffri, 260. constructs the castle of Abereinion, 262. razes the castle of Ystrad Meurug to the ground, and burns Dineirth and Aberystwyth, for fear of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 262. makes peace with king John, 264. encamps at Cilcenin with a vast army of French and Welsh, 264. his army attacked and put to flight by Rhys and Owain, the sons of Gruf- fudd, 264. disgracefully flies on foot, 266. joins the army of the king, 266. is sent against the sons of Rhys, son of Gruffudd, 268. repairs to Penwedig, 268. repents of his terms with the king, and demolishes the new castle at Aberystwyth, 270. his territory ravaged by Rhys and Owain, 270. is absolved by pope Innocent of his oath of fidelity to the king of England, 272. becomes reconciled with his nephew, young Rhys, and proceeds with him to Dyved, 282. proceeds to Gwynedd, to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 284. joins the expedition of Llywelyn to South Wales, 288. a partition of land between him and his brother Rhys the Hoarse and Rhys and Owain, sons of Gruffudd, at Aberdovey, 288. his allotments enumerated, 288. G G 466 INDEX. Maelgwn, son of Rhys — cont. obtains from Llywelyn, son of lor- werth, a part of the territory of Rhys, son of Gruffudd, deceased, 310. «, dies at Llanerch Aeron, and is buried at Strata Florida, 318. Maelienydd, the men of, kill some persons who were fleeing to Arwystli, 88. conquered the second time by Hugh, son of Raulf, 166. Roger Mortimer leads an army to, 240. the castle of, fortified by Roger Morti- mer, 330. the men of, pay homage to Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, 348. Maelog the Crooked, slain in the battle of Dineirth, 18. Maelsalacheu, death of, (A.D. 860), 12. Maenclochog, burnt by the Welsh, 284. burnt by Llywelyn, son of Gruff add, and his companions, 344. Maes Hyveidd, devastated by Maredudd, (A.D. 990), 30. burnt by the lord Rhys, 242. obtained possession of by Giles de Bruse, 282. king John proceeds to, burns the town, and demolishes the castle, 292. burnt by Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, 318. the castle of, repaired by Rickert, earl of Pembroke, 320. Maesydog, the battle of, between the Britons and Picts, 6. Magnus, son of Harold, king of Germany, comes to England, and ravages the dominions of the Saxons, 44. comes as far as Mona, with the view of possessing himself of the coun- tries of the Britons, 62. attacks the French, and then leaves the borders of the country, 62. comes a second time to Mona, and cuts down much timber, 72. returns to the isle of Man, and builds there three castles, which he fills with his own men, 72. Magnus, son of Harold — cont. sends to Ireland to demand the daugh- ter of Murchath for his son, 72. commits depredations on the coasts of Britain, 74. fights against the Britons, and is killed in battle, 74. Mahalt de Bruse, mother of the sons of Gruffudd, dies at Llanbadarn the Great, 256. Mahalt, daughter of Malcolm, king of Prydyn, married to Henry I., 64. Maig, son of Ieuav, killed, 28. Malcolm, son of Dwnchath, king of the Picts and Albanians, or Scots, killed by the French, 54, 56. Mallaen, the comot of, allotted to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 288. Man, isle of, an earthquake in, 2. Howel driven from (to, JE.) Man, 10. Howel, king of, dies, 10. devastated by Swain, son of Harold, 32. Gruffudd, son of Cynan, fights against the men of, 48. Magnus, king of Germany, builds castles in, 72. his son set up as king in, 72. March, a great snow in the month of, 24. Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, invited to the assistance of Robert, earl of Shrews- bury, and his brother, against king Henry I., 68. confined by his brother lorwerth in the king's prison, 74. escapes from prison, and returns to his country, 80. requests the king to give him the land of his brother lorwerth, 110. sends his family on an expedition to the land of Llywarch, son of Tra- haiarn, 110. delivers Madog, son of Rhirid, into the hands of Owain, son of Cadwgan, 112. seeks the friendship of the king, 1 1 4. counsels Owain to repair to the king, 116. J INDEX. Maredudd, son ofBleddyn — cont. is requested by How el, son of Ithel to come to his assistance, 142. after a battle with the sons of Owain, son of Edwin, returns home, 144. opposed by king Henry I., 146. sends archers to intercept the king,148. is reconciled to the king, 150. expels his nephew Maredudd, son of Cadwgan, 150. ravages the territory of Lly warch, son of Trahaiarn, 152. mutilates his nephew Llywelyn, son of Owain, 154. his death, 156. his character, 156. Maredudd, son of Cadwgan, expelled by his uncle Maredudd, son of Bleddyn, 150. killed by his brother Morgan, 152. Maredudd, son of Caradog, dies, 270. Maredudd, son of Cynan, taken and im- prisoned, 252. expelled by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 256. expelled from Meirionydd, by his nephew Howel, son of Gruffudd, 256. Maredudd, king of Dyved, dies, 8. Maredudd, son of Edwin, holds the govern- ment of the South, 38. is killed by the sons of Cynan, 38. Maredudd, son of Gruffudd, killed in the battle of Mechain, 46. Maredudd, son of Gruffudd, custodian of the castle of Caermarthen, repels the Erench and Elemings who had come to attack the castle, 168. his courage, 170. raises an army against the castle of Gwys, 172. subdues Ceredigion as far as Aeron, 178. takes the whole of Ceredigion from (grants it to, D.) Howel, son of Owain, 178. repairs the castle of Ystrad Meurug, 180. fights against the castle of Aber- Uychwr and burns it, 180. 4G7 Maredudd, son of Gruffudd — cont. repairs the castle of Dinweileir, 180. leads his forces to Penwedig, fights against the castle of Howel, and demolishes it, 180. attacks the castle of Aberavan, burns it, and kills the garrison, 182. his death, 182. his compassion, power, and justice, 182, 184. Maredudd, son of Gruffudd, lord of Hir- vryn, dies, and is buried at Strata Florida, 356, 358. Maredudd, son of Howel, with others, burns the castle of Eickert de la Mere, the castle of Dinerth, and the castle of Caerwedros, 158. joins the second expedition of Owain and Cadwalader, 158. slain by the sons of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, 162. (Son of, E.~), Maredudd, son of, (and, D.), Howel, Caer Offa falls before, 196. Maredudd, son of Llywarch, expelled from his country by Ieuan, son of Owain, 154. killed by him, (by Llywelyn, son of Owain, C), 154. his cruelty, 154. Maredudd, son of Llywelyn of Meirionydd, dies, 338. Maredudd, son of Madog, killed by Hugh de Mortimer, 168. Maredudd, son of Madog, son of Gruf- fudd Maelor, kills his brother Gruf- fudd, 326. divested of his territory by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 326. Maredudd, son of Owain, kills Cadwallon, son of Ieuav, 28. pays to the black Pagans a tribute of a penny for each person, 30. devastates Maes Hyveidd, 30. his kingdoms devastated by Edwin, son of Einon, and Eclis the Great, 30. hires the Pagans, and devastates Gla- morgan, 30. 468 INDEX. Maredudd, son of Owain — cont. his son dies, 30. a great famine in his territory, 32. his death and renown, 32. Maredudd, son of Owain, governs South Wales, 46. killed by Caradog, son of Gruffudd, 46. Maredudd, son of Owain, receives from Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, the part of Ceredigion which belonged to Edward, son of Henry HI., 342. subdues the greater part of the ter- ritory of Gruffudd, son of Gwen- wynwyn, 342. invades Rhos, 344. goes to Emlyn to speak with Mared- udd, son of Rhys, and Patrick de Sayes, 346. dies at Llanbadarn the Great, and is buried at Strata Florida, 352, 354. his dignity, 352. Maredudd Redhead, kills his cousin Meu- rug, son of Adam, in his sleep, 206. Maredudd, son of Rhydderch, kindly re- ceives certain fugitives in the Vale of Tywi, 88. assists the garrison of Llanymddyvri castle against Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 122. summoned by the French, and his fide- lity to king Henry I. tested, 124. makes an indiscreet sally, 130. Maredudd, son of Rhys, ordered by king Henry II. to be deprived of his sight, 202. subjugates through treachery the castle of Dinevwr and the castle of Cantrev Bychan, 240. seized and imprisoned by his father at Ystrad Meurug, 240. dies, and is buried at Whitland. 326. Maredudd, son of Rhys, slain at Cam- wyllon, 256. his character, 256. Maredudd, son of the lord Rhys, arch- deacon of Ceredigion, dies at Pont Stephan, 316. buried at Menevia, 316. Maredudd, son of Rhys the Hoarse, in- vades the midland country, 340. receives his territory from Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, 342. subdues most of the territory of Gruf- fudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, 342. reconciled to his nephew, Rhys Mechyll the Little, 344. attacks Trevdraeth, and demolishes the castle, 344. invades Rhos, 344. takes and reduces the castle of Llan Geneu, 344. disregards his oath, 344, 346. seizes the men who had gone to speak with him at Emlyn, 346. dies in the castle at Dyryslwyn, and is buried at Whitland, 358. Maredudd, son of Robert, of Cydewain, joins the army of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 266, 270, 288. dies, after taking the religious habit, at Strata Florida, 330. Margaret, daughter of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, married to Rhys the Hoarse, 304. Margaret, daughter of Maelgwn, and wife of Owain, son of Robert, dies, 340. Margaret, wife of Malcolm, prays that she may not survive her husband and son, 56. her death, 56. Mark, son of Harold, devastates and sub- jugates Mona, 24. Marshall, earl, goes to Jerusalem as a cru- sader, 304. Marshall, Rickert, earl of Pembroke, re- pairs the castle of Maes Hyveidd, 320. a dispute between him and king Henry III., 320. enters into treaty with Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and joins his army, 320. is stabbed in Ireland, 322. Marshall, Walter, sent by the English to fortify Aberteivi, 328. INDEX. 469 Marshall, William, fights against Cilgerran, and subdues it, 260. invited to assist the garrison of Lin- coln, 294. fights against Caerleon, and takes it, 302. sails to Ireland, 310. returns with a vast fleet, 312. the castle of Aberteivi delivered up to him, 312. also the castle of Caermarthen, 312. fights against Gruff udd, son of Llyw- elyn, 312. repairs the castle of Caermarthen, and begins to build the castle of Cil- gerran, 312. appears at Ludlow before the council of the king and archbishop, 314. slain at Carnwyllon, 314. his heirs obtain their patrimony in peace, 330. Mathraval, in Powys, subdued by Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, and his con- federates, 270. Mawddwy, falls to the share of Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, 140. taken by David, son of Llywelyn, from his brother Gruffudd, 326. Mechain, the battle of, 46. Meilir, son of Rhiwallon, slain by Rhys, son of Tewdwr, 50. Meilyr, son of Owain, killed by his nephew Cadwallon, son of Gruffudd, 152. Meirchion, son of Rhys, kills his cousin Rhydderch, son of Caradog, 48. Meirionydd, subjugated by Maredudd, son of Owain, 28. the men of, oppose Owain and Madog, 100. falls to the share of the sons of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, 140. Einon, son of Cadwgan, holds a part of, 150. the men of, called out by Howel and Cynan, sons of Owain, 174. a dispute about the cantrev of, betAveen Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and his son Gruffudd, 306. Meirionydd— cont. taken by Llywelyn from Gruffudd, 308. Meivod, the church of St. Mary at, conse- crated, 184. Madog, son of Maredudd, buried at, 194. Gruffudd Maelor buried at, 236. Menegyd, in Mona, the battle of, 14. Menevia, burnt, 10. destroyed, 18. devastated by Godfrey, son of Harold, 28. devastated by the Pagans, 30, 46, 50. devastated by Edwin, son of Einon, and Eclis the Great, 30. depopulated by the Pagans, 32. devastated by the Saxons, 34. demolished, 36. William the Bastard goes on a pil- grimage to, 50. its boundaries ravaged by Gerald the steward, 58, 60. its ancient rights asserted by bishop Bernard, 176. king Henry II. goes on a pilgrimage to, 212. makes an offering there, 214. Maredudd, son of Rhys, buried in, 316. Rhys the Hoarse buried in, 322. the castle of, fortified by J ohn, 330. N.B. The bishops of Menevia are referred to under their proper names. Mercia, the Gwyneddians pursue Rein the Scot, and destroy the country as far as, 36. Mere, Rickert de la, the castle of, burnt by Owain and Cadwalader, sons of Gruffudd, and others, 158. Mervyn the Ereckled, death of, 12. his son killed by the Pagans, 18. Meurug, killed by the Saxons, 12. Meurug, the sons of, make an inroad into Gwynedd, 30. a battle between the sons of, and Maredudd, near Llangwm ; the former victorious, 32. 470 INDEX. Meurug, son of Adam, of Buellt, killed in his sleep by his cousin Maredudd Redhead, 206. Meurug, son of Arthvael, killed, 34. Meurug, bishop of Bangor, dies, 196. Meurug Barach, hanged in England, 272. Meurug, son of Cadell, kills his brother Clydog, 20. Meurug, son of Cadvan, death of, 24. Meurug, abbot of ẅm Hir, dies, 232. Meurug, son of Gruffudd, receives Cyveil- iog from his uncle Madog, son of Maredudd, 176. escapes from prison, 184. Meurug, son of Howel, captured by the Pagans, 38. Meurug, son of Idwal, falls sick, 26. Meurug, son of Madog (Meurug Tybodiad), killed through the treachery of his own men, 168. Meurug, bishop of Menevia (A.D. 840), 12. Meurug, son of Rhirid, kills his cousin Madog, son of Llywarch, 156. is mutilated, 156. Meurug, son of Rhys, born of the latter's own niece, the daughter of his brother Maredudd, 220. Meurug, son of Trahaiarn, killed, 80. Mevenydd, the comot of, subjugated by Pain, son of Patrick, 366. conquered by Gruffudd, son of Mared- udd, 372. Midland District, king Edward I. leads his army to the, 368. Milk and butter turned to blood, 4. Milo, earl of Hereford, killed by an arrow while hunting, 164. Mochnant, divided between Owain Cyveil- iog and Owain the Little, 204. taken by Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, from his brother Gruffudd, 326. Mona, the isle of, subdued by Howel, 10. Cynan, his brother, expelled by him from, 10. Howel driven from, 10. the battle of Llanvaes in, 10. Mona — cord. ravaged by the black Pagans, 12. the battle of Menegyd in, 14. the battle on Sunday in, 14. devastated by the people of Dublin, 20. subjugated by Godfrey, son of Harold, 24. devastated by him, 26, 28. subjugated by Maredudd, son of Owain, 28. devastated by the Pagans on Ascension Thursday, 32. Gruffudd, son of Cynan, fights against the men of, 48. the Erench encamp against, 60. Magnus, king of Germany, comes in ships as far as, 62. obtained by Gruffudd, son of Cynan, 62. Magnus comes a second time to, 72. Cadwallon expelled from, by his brother Owain, 180. some of king Henry II.'s men land in, and pillage several of the churches, 186, 188. a battle between them and the men of, 188. subdued by David, son of Owain Gwynedd, 222. David is expelled out of, by his brother Rhodri, 224. subjugated by Rhodri, 238. king Edward I. sends a great part of his army into, which burns much of the country and takes away muc of the corn, 368. Montford, Simon, and his son, fall in the battle of Evesham, 352. his two sons escape from the king's prison, 354. Moon, turns of a bloody colour, 4. turns black on Christmas day, 8. Mor, son of Gwyn, dies, 32. Morcheis, bishop of Bangor, dies, 20. Moretania, William of, opposes king Henry I., 78. Morgan, death of, 26. INDEX. 471 Morgan, son of Cadwgan, opposed by king Henry I., 146. kills Maredudd, his brother, 152. dies at Cyprus, 154. Morgan, son of Caradog, goes to the king's court at Gloucester, 226. Morgan, son of Howel, the castle of, ob- tained by Gilbert, earl of Pembroke, 324. declines to join David, son of Llyw- elyn, 330. Morgan, son of Maredudd, slain, 230. Morgan, son of Owain, kills Eickert, son of Gilbert, 156. is killed through treachery by the men of Ivor, son of Meurug, 188. Morgan, son of Rhys, dies after taking the religious habit at Strata Florida, 336. Morgan, son of Seisyll, aids in destroying the town of Caerleon, and devas- tating the country, 212. Morganwg, devastated by the Normans, 16. Morgeneu, bishop, killed by the Pagans, 32. Morgeneu, bishop of Menevia, dies, 38. Mortality, in all Britain, 2, 176. in Ireland, 2. among the cattle in Britain, 10, 30. among the men through famine, 30. among the army of king Henry II. in Ireland, 216. in Britain and the borders of France, 244. in Damietta, 304. Mortimer, Sir Hugh de, seizes Rhys, son of Howel, and confines him in pri- son, 166. kills Maredudd, son of Madog, 168. Mortimer, Ralph, death of, 332. Mortimer, Sir Randulph, Gwladus the Dark, wife of, dies, 336, Mortimer, Roger, comes into Maelienydd, expels the sons of Cadwallon, and builds the castle of Camaron, 240. marshals his army against the Welsh, 242. fortifies the castle of Maelienydd, 330. Mortimer, Roger — eont. loses Gwerthrynion, 342. Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, takes from him the whole of Buellt, except the castle, 346. comes to the support of his castle in Maelienydd, 348. is permitted by Llywelyn to return back, 348. leads an army against Castle Baldwin, 364. Morvran., abbot of Whitland, refuses to do homage to Howel and Cynan, 174. Mur Castell, king Henry I. comes to, 114. Murchath, the daughter of, demanded by Magnus, king of Germany, for his son, 72. kindly receives Owain, son of Cad- wgan, 22. Murcherdach, the supreme king of Ireland, dies, 144. his prosperity and success, 144. Muregan, king of Leinster, dies of a fatal disorder, 18. Murtart, his daughter, demanded in mar- riage by Ernulf, 68. sends his daughter with armed assis- tance to Ernulf, 68. Mwrchath, son of Brian, stirred up against Dublin, 34. Myddvai, the manor of, allotted to Mael- gwn, son of Rhys, 288. Myles, Nicholas de, sent by king Henry III. to dispossess Maelgwn the Little, 332. Myles, Roger, left by Edmund and Pain as constable at Aberystwyth, and to protect the country, 368. Myrddin, his prophecies, 2, 370. Nanheudwy, Cadwgan, son of Gruffudd, killed at, 156. Nannau of Meirionydd, the situation of Cymmer, 252. 472 INDEX. Nant yr Ariant, the castle of, allotted to young Rhys and his brother Owain, the sons of Gruffudd, 290. Nant Nyver, death of Cynan of, 14. Nedd, the castle of, demolished by Llyw- clyn, son of Iorwerth, 318. Nest, and her two sons and daughter, taken away from her husband Gerald by Owain, son of Cadwgan, 84. her children restored to their father, 86. Nestor, Rhys, son of Gruffudd, compared to, 246. New Castle upon Usk, Henry II. invites Iorwerth, son of Owain, to an in- terview with him at, 218. Newark, king John dies at, 292. Nichol, son of bishop Gwrgant, succeeds to the see of Llandaf, 176. Nicholas de Myles, sent by king Henry III. to dispossess Maelgwn theLittle,322. Night, becomes as light as day, 4. Nile, overflow of the, 308. Normandy, king William Eufus goes to, 56. earl Robert goes to, 72. king Henry I. sends knights to sub- due, 78. himself sails over and reduces the country, 80. Henry I. dies in, 156. king Henry IT. collects an army of the choice warriors of, against Wales, 200. his right to, asserted by king Henry III., 316. Normans, the, devastate England, Brech- einiog, Morganwg, Gwent, Buellt, and Gwenllwg, 16. defeated by Owain and Cadwalader, 160. join the army of Rheinallt against the lord Rhys, 192. Normans, the black, come a second time to Castle Baldwin, 16. North, a disturbance between king John and the English of the, 280. they take from him the city of London, 282. North — cont. the men of the, and the French, get pos- session of the city of Lincoln, 294. are defeated and put to flight, 296. Nyver, the castle of, taken by the lord Rhys, 236. it is demolished by the sous of Cad- wallon, 240. 0. Octobonus, the pope's legate, confirms peace between king Henry III. and Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, 354. Offa, king, destroys the South Wales men, 6. the South Wales men devastate the island as far as, 6. spoils the Britons in summer time, 8. his territory devastated by the Welsh, 8. causes the Dyke bearing his name to be made, 8. his death, 8. Osbric, king of the Saxons, dies, 4. Osney, Adam, bishop of Llanelwy, buried in the monastery of, 230. Oswestry, the castle of, built by Madog, son of Maredudd, 176. king Henry II. arrives at, 200. destroyed by king John, 292. Other, comes to Britain, 18. Otho, emperor of Rome, wages war upon Philip, king of France, 278. is put to flight, 280. Otter, commands an Irish fleet, 164. Otto, the cardinal, seized by the emperor Frederick, 328. Owain of Brithdir, dies, 250. Owain, son of Cadwgan, kills (killed by Cadwgan, CD.), 80. Owain, son of Cadwgan, invited by his father to a Christmas feast, 82. visits Nest, wife of Gerald the steward, 82. carries her and her two sons and daughter away, 84. INDEX. 473 Owain, son of Cadwgan— cont. restores the children, 86. is pursued by Ithel and Madog, sons of Rhirid, 88. flees to a ship at Aberdovey, 88. goes to Ireland, 92. his portion of Powys seized by Madog and Ithel, 92. returns from Ireland, 94. enters into terms of friendship with Madog, 94. commits many crimes in the country of the Trench, and in England, 96. is pursued by Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, 98. encounters the men of Meirionydd, and ravages their country, 100. proceeds to Ceredigion, 102. goes again to Ireland, 104. is reconciled to king Henry I., and recalled, 108. receives the land of his uncle Ior- werth, on certain conditions, 110. deprives Madog, son of Rhirid, of his sight, 112. is accused to the king, 112. removes to the mountains of Eryri, 114. requested by the king to make peace with him, but he declines, 114, 116. he ultimately makes peace with him, 116. accompanies the king to Normandy, 118. is desired by the king to pursue Gruf- fudd, son of Rhys, 134. is pursued by the Flemings, and slain, 138. Owain, son of Caradog, summoned by the French, 124. his fidelity to king Henry I. put to the test, 124. slain in an attack made upon the castle of Caermarthen by Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 126. Owain, son of Cynan, combines with Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, against David, son of Owain, 240. Owain Cyveiliog, advances against king Henry II., 200. obtains Mochnant above the Cataract, 204. is opposed and put to flight by Owain and Cadwalader, the son of Gruf- fudd, and others, 204. comes with an army of the French against the castle of Caereinion, 204. is opposed by Rhys, son of Gruffudd, and compelled to submit, 210. dies at Ystrad Marchell, the monas- tery which he himself had founded, 250. Owain, son of Dyvnwal, slain, 30. Owain, son of Dyvnwal, slain, 34. Owain, son of Edwin, commands the Gwyneddian army against the French, 62. dies after a long illness, 76. Owain, son of Gruffudd, dies, 44. Owain, son of Gruffudd, dies, 66. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Cynan, sent by his father with a large army to M.eirionydd, and removes the men and their property into Lleyn, 150. undertakes an expedition into Cered- igion, 156, 158. his eulogy, 158. burns the castles of Walter de Bee, Aberystwyth, Rickert de la Mere, Dinerth, and Caerwedros, 158. goes a second time to Ceredigion, 158. fights with the Flemings and Nor- mans, and conquers them, 160. returns with much spoil, 160. is opposed by his brother Cadwalader with an Irish fleet, 164. they are reconciled, 164. attacks the Germans and put them to flight, 164, 166. his grief for the loss of his son Rhun, 170. is consoled upon the fall of the castle of Gwyddgrug or Mold, 172. builds a castle in Yale, 176. 474 INDEX. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Cynan— cont. expels his brother Cadwalader from Mona, 180. unites with his brother and Rhys, son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, against Owain Cyveiliog, and puts him to flight, 204. besieges the castle of Rhuddlan, and demolishes it, together with the castle of Prestatyn, 204, 206. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Gwenwyn- wyn, taken by Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, with him to Gwynedd, 360. (A ) released from the prison of Llyw- elyn by command of the king, 37. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Madog, wins Caer Offa, 196. Owain, son of Gruffudd Maelor, dies, 250. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, receives Cyveiliog from his uncle Madog, son of Maredudd, 176. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, at- tacks and burns the castle of Llan- gadog, 262. attacks and defeats the army of Mael- gwn, son of Rhys, 264. declines making peace with king John, 268. consents to do so on certain conditions, 270. repairs to the court of the king, and is received by him as a friend, 270. ravages the territory of Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 270. marshals his forces against Rhys the Hoarse, 274. proceeds to Gwynedd, to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 284. joins the expedition of Llywelyn, 288. a partition of land between him and others at Aberdovey, 288. the castles of Aberteivi and Nant yr Ariant, with three cantrevs of Ceredigion, allotted to him and his brother Rhys, 290. Owain, son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys— cont. rises against his uncle and wrests from him the whole of Buellt, except the castles, 298. obtains part of his deceased brother's territory, 310. fights against the castle of Aberteivi, 320. proceeds against Aber Mynyw and burns it, slaying the garrison, 320. fights for three months against Caer- marthen, 322. dies at Strata Florida, 322. his good qualities, 322. Owain Gwynedd, imprisons his son Cynan, 178. is opposed by Madog, son of Mared- udd, king of Powys, 178. mutilates his nephew Cunedda, 180. his nephew Rhys, son of Gruffudd, prepares to fight against him, 184. encamps at Basingwerk, with the view of fighting with king Henry II., 1 84. retreats to Cil Owain, 186. makes peace with the king, 188. delivers Einon Clud to the French, 194. his grief at the loss of the castle of Tavalwern, which fell into the hands of Howel, son of Ieuav, 196. his joy at his victory over Howel, son of Ieuan, 196. repairs the castle, 196. ravages Tegeingl, and removes the people to the Vale of Clwyd, 198. encamps at Corwen against the king, 200. destroys Basingwerk, 204. proceeds against the castles of Rhudd- lan and Prestatyn, which he burns, 204, 206. his death, 206. his character, 206. Owain, son of Howel, a battle between his sons and the sons of Idwal at Carno, 22. devastates Gorwennydd, 22. his death, 30. INDEX. 475 Owain, son of Iorwerth, destroys the town of Caerleon, and ravages the coun- try, 212. killed by a man attached to the earl of Bristol, 218. Owain the Little, son of Madog, drives Iorwerth the Red from his territory in Mochnant, 204. obtains Mochnant below the Cataract, 204. receives Caereinion from Owain and Cadwalader, the sons of Gruffudd, 204. slain at Careghova, 232. his character, 232. Owain, son of Maredudd, dies, 10. Owain, son of Maredudd, lord of Cydewain, dies, 348. Owain, son of Maredudd, of Elvael, makes peace with the lord Llywelyn, 346. Owain, son of Maredudd, son of Owain, restores the middle comot to his brother Cynan, 358. dies and is buried at Strata Florida, 362. Owain, son of Maredudd, son of Eobert of Cydewain, dies, 324. Owain Pencarwn, seized by Howel, son of Iorwerth, 224. Owain, king of the Picts, dies, 6. Owain the Red, son of Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, reigns after David, son of Llywelyn, 332. divides the dominion with his brother Llywelyn, 332 a dissension between him and his brother Llywelyn, 338. seized and imprisoned, and his terri- tory taken by Llywelyn, 340. released from prison by command of king Edward I., 370. Owain, son of Rhydderch, makes an in- discreet sally, 130. Owain (son of Gruffudd, D. E.), son of Rhys, dies at Strata Florida, 236. Owain, son of Robert, obtains Cydewain, 335. Oxford, Adam, bishop of Llanelwy, dies at, 230. a council held at, in which it was treated of peace between the knights of king Henry III. and Louis, son of the French king, and the men of the North, 294. P. Pagans, their first arrival in Ireland, 8. strangle Cyngen, 12. the black, ravage Mona, 12. demolish Caer Alclut, 14. kill the son of Mervyn, 1 8. kill Hirmawr and Anarawd, the sons of Gwriad, 22. devastate Towyn, 22. devastate Llanbadarn, Menevia, Llanilltud, Llangarvan, and Llan- dydoch, 30. hired by Maredudd to join him in devastating Glamorgan, 30. devastate the isle of Mona, 92. depopulate Menevia, and kill bishop Morgeneu, 32. devastate Dyved, 32. capture Meurug, son of Howel, 38. vanquished by Howel, son of Edwin, while they were devastating Dyved, 40. of Dublin, capture Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, 40. devastate Menevia and Bangor, 46, 50. of the Isles, demolish Menevia, 54. Pain, son of Patrick de Says, leads an army to Caermarthen and Cered- igion, 364. is reconciled to Rhys, son of Mared- udd, and Rhys Wyndod, 366. subjugates to king Edward I. the comots of Anhunog, Mevenj^dd, and the middle comot in Upper Aeron, 366. places Llywelyn, son of Owain, as a youth in guardianship, 366. goes to England, 368. 476 r 'P<^HI' V d/J£. G ast ^ e > attacked and compelled to INDEX. surrender by Rhys, son of Gruf- fudd, 242. fought against for nearly three weeks by Gwenwynwyn, 252. left by Giles de Bruse for Walter, son of Gruffudd, who had subdued it, 282. built by king Henry III., 318. Paris, Rhys, son of Gruffudd, compared to, 246. Patrick de Sayes, the seneschal of king Henry III. at Caermarthen, breaks the truce, and seizes the men who had gone to speak with him, 346. is slain, 346. Pembroke, Uchtryd, son of Edwin, and others, fight against the castle of, 58. the builder of the castle of, 66. seized upon by Ernulf, 68. built a second time by Gerald the steward, 82. king Henry II. proceeds to, 212. Penardd, falls to the share of Cynan, son of Maredudd, 360. Pencader (Pen Cadeir), the battle of, 40. king Henry II. arrives at, 198. Pencelli (Pen Gclli), Robert de Bruse takes possession of the castle of, 282. Owain, son of Gruffudd, and others, reduce the castle of, 320. Pencoed, the fight of, 4. Penharddlech, the castle of, reduced by David, son of Gruffudd, 372. Penllwynog, allotted to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 288. renllyn, half of it allotted to Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, and the other half to the sons of Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, MO. Penmon, devastated by Mark, son of Harold, 24. Pennaeth Bachwy, Alexander, son of Malcolm, and the son of Hugh, earl of Caerleon, arrive at, 114. Penwedig, Maredudd and Rhys, sons of Gruffudd, lead their forces to, 180. the cantrev of, taken by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, for himself, 262. the seneschal of Cardiff, and Rhys and Maelgwn, sons of the lord Rhys, move their armies to, 268. the cantrev of, conquered by Rhys, son of Maelgwn, 372. Pepin, the elder, king of France, dies, 4. Percy, earl, killed in the battle of Lincoln, 296. Peter, abbot, death of, 232. Philip, king of Prance, takes the cross, 234, 236. Otho, emperor of Rome, makes war upon, 278. sends his son Louis to Poictou, with an army to meet the king of Eng- land, 278. forms a truce for seven years with king John, 280. Philip, son of Gwys, keeper of the castle of Gwys, with his wife and two sons, captured by How el the Saxon, 238. Philip the Red, the thirteenth abbot of Strata Florida, dies, 372. Pictot, Henry, lord of Ewias, 314. Pilgrimage, William the Bastard goes to Menevia on a, 50. king Henry II. goes to Menevia on a, 212. Louis, king of France, returns from his, 338. Pilgrims from Wales, drowned on the sea of Greece in going with the cross to Jerusalem, 168. Plague, a great, in the month of March, 24. Poer, Randulph de, killed by the youths of Winchester, 230. Poictou, king John sails for, 278. king Henry III. sails for France to assert his right to, 316. king Henry III. sails for, to obtain from the king of France his right as to the lands which he had taken from him, 328. INDEX. 477 Port Lachi, taken in the first attack by ltickert, earl of Terstig, 208. Powys, the kingdom of, taken by the Saxons into their possession, 10. held by Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, 46. a portion of, taken by Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, 62. given by king Henry I. to Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, during the king's life, 70. a part of it given by Iorwerth to his brother Cadwgan, 74. given by the king, on the death of Iorwerth, to Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, 108. king Henry I. raises an immense army against the men of, 146. he levies ten thousand head of cattle as a tribute upon, 150. Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, raises an army against Gwenwyiiwyn from, 258. Prestatyn, the castle of, burnt by Owain and Cadwalader, and the lord Rhys, 206. Prodigies, raining blood, 4. milk and butter turned to blood, 4. the moon turns of a bloody colour, 4. the night becomes as light as day, 4. the moon turns black on Christmas day, 8. vermin of a mole-like form, fall from heaven, 16, 18. a wonderful star, of immense light, emitting a beam behind as thick as a column, 78. Proverbs, British, 36, 136. Prydyn (or North Britain), men from, in the army of Henry II., 200. the grand festival at Aberteivi pro- claimed a year beforehand through- out Wales, England, Ireland, and, 228. the king of, dies, 336. his only son succeeds to the dominion of, 336. Pwll Dyvach, the battle of, 40. Pwll Gwdyg, the battle of, 48. Pyrs, succeeds David in the see of Menevia, 228. his death, 254. K Racline, destroyed, 8. Rain of blood in Britain and Ireland, 4. Ralph Mortimer, death of, 332. Randulf, earl of Caerleon, prepares to rise against Owain Gwynedd, 178. his death, 182. Randulf (or Randulph) de Poer, killed by the youths of Winchester, 230. Razon the steward, his castle in Ystrad Peithyll burnt, 130. solicits aid from the garrison of Ystrad Meurug, to enable him to defend the castle of Aberystwyth, against Gruifudd, son of Rhys, 130. Red Castle, razed to the ground by Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, 320. Rein, king of Dy ved, dies, 8. Rein the Scot, pretends to be the son of king Maredudd, and causes himself to be named king, 36. is received by the men of the South as their lord, 36. Llywelyn, son of Seisyll, makes war upon him, 36. defeated by the Gwyneddians at Aber Gwyli, 36. Reinolf, commands a Saxon army against Gruifudd, son of Llywelyn, 42. is defeated, 42. Remission, a general, to the churches of England and Wales, 280, 302. Rhaiadr Gwy, a castle erected at, by the lord Rhys, 230. a second time, 240. demolished by the sons of Cadwallon, 240. Rhedynog Velen, the convent of Strata Florida removed to, 232. Rheims, Rickert, abbot of Clerynaut, killed in a monastery near, 226. 478 INDEX. Rheinallt, son of king Henry II., encamps at Dinweleir against the lord Rhys, 192. Rheinallt de Bruse. See Bruse, Rheinallt de. Rheinallt de Cressy, killed in the battle of Lincoln, 298. Rhirid, imprisoned in the castle of Aber- gavenny, 218. Rhirid, son of Bleddyn, with his brothers, Madog and Cadwgan, expel Rhys, son of Tewdwr, from his kingdom, 52. killed in the battle of Llych Crei, 52. Rhirid, son of Iestin, slain, 252. Rhirid, son of Iorwerth, king Henry I. demands hostages from, in respect of the liberation of his father lor werth, 96. Rhirid, son of Owain, a dissension between him and How el, son of Ithel, 142. slain by his nephew Cadwallon, son of Gruffudd, 152. Rhiwallon, son of Cynvyn, slain in the battle of Mechain, 46. Rhodri (the Great), killed by the Saxons, 16. avenged in the battle of Conwy, 16. Rhodri, son of Howel, dies, 22. Rhodri, son of Howel, slain, 252. Rhodri, son of Idwal, slain, 24. Rhodri Molwynog, succeeds to the British throne after Ivor, son of Alan, 2. the battle of Heilin with, 4. his death, 6. Rhodri, son of Owain, taken and confined in fetters by his brother David, for seeking to obtain from him a share of his father's patrimony, 224. escapes from prison, and expels David out of Mona and Gwynedd, 224. subjugates the isle of Mona, 238. is expelled by the sons of Cynan, son of Owain Gwynedd, 238. (son of Cynan, Z>.) joins Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and others, against David, son of Owain Gwynedd, 240. Rhos, the cantrev of, seized by the Flem- ings, 80. the proprietary inhabitants of, expelled by them, 82. invaded by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 306. Rhoshir, a church in, pillaged by king Henry II. 's men, 188. Rhos Meilon in Mona, the battle of, 1 8. Rhuddlan, a battle at, 8. king Henry II. proceeds to, 186. he purposes to erect a castle there, and encamps there three nights, 200. Owain and Cadwalader, princes of Gwynedd, and the lord Rhys, prince of South Wales, proceed against the castle of, which they demolish, 204, 206. the castle of, reduced by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 278. king Edward proceeds to, and fortifies, 368. Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, makes peace with the king at, 368. Rhun, son of Owain, dies, 170. his character and appearance, 1 70. Rhuvoniog, the kingdom of, taken by the Saxons, 10. Rhyd Cornnec, Madog and Ithel, sons of Rhirid, encamp at, 88. Rhyd y Gors, the founder of the castle of, 58. the castle of, stored by Rickert, son of Baldwin, 76. under the conservancy and in the cus- tody of Howel, son of Goronwy, 76. Rhyd y Groes, a battle at, fought by Llyw- elyn, son of Seisyll, 38. Rhydderch, bishop, death of, 24. Rhydderch, son of Caradog, rules over South Wales, 48. joins in the battle of Camddwr, 48. killed by his cousin Meirchion, 48. Rhydderch, son of Hennyth, beheaded in Arwystli, 18. INDEX. 479 Rhydderch, son of Iestin, assumes the government of South Wales, 38. killed by the Scots, 38. his sons take part in the battle of Hiraethwy, 38. Rhydderch, son of Tewdwr, his fidelity to king Henry I. put to the test, 124. makes an indiscreet sally, 130. Rhydderch, abbot of the White House, dies, 232. Rhys, doctor, of Caer Rhiw, (Richard de Caerin, C), consecrated by the pope bishop of Menevia, 342. Rhys, son of Gruffudd, (called frequently in the Chronicle the lord Rhys), fights against the castle of Llan- stephan, and conquers it, 168. raises an army against the castle of Gwys, 172. subdues Ceredigion as far as Aeron, 178. takes the whole of Ceredigion, ex- cept the castle of Pengwern, from Howel, son of Owain, 178. conquers the castle of Llanrhystud, 178. repairs the castle of Ystrad Meurug, 180. enters Gower, burns the castle of Aberllychwr, and devastates the country, 180. repairs the castle of Dinweileir, 180. invades Penwedig, and demolishes the castle of Howel, 180. his sons attack the castle of Tenby, and deliver it to the keeping of William, son of Gerald, 182. lays waste the castle of Ystrad Cyngen, 182. attacks and burns the castle of Aber- avan, 182. ravages Cyveiliog, 182. holds, in trust with Maredudd, the possessions of his brother Cadell, 182. leads an army to Aberdovey with the intention of fighting against Owain Gwynedd, 184. Rhys, son of Gruffudd — cont. makes a castle there, 184. prepares alone to wage war with king Henry II., 188. confederates all South Wales and his friends as far as the woods of the Vale of Tywi, 188. repairs to the king's court, and un- willingly makes peace with him, 190. Walter Clifford carries a booty out of his territory, 190. he is refused satisfaction by the king, 190. subdues the castle of Llanymddyvri, 190. makes an attack upon certain castles in Ceredigion, and burns them, 192. frequently opposes the king, 192. subdues and burns the castles which the French had built across Dyved, 192. fights against Caermarthen, 192. is opposed by Rheinallt, son of king Henry, 192. assembles his men on the mountain of Cevn Rhestr, 192. concludes a truce with his enemies, 194. delivers hostages to the king, 198. takes possession of Cantrev Mawr and the castle of Dinevwr, 198. enters the territory of Roger, earl of Clare, 198. dismantles and burns the castle of Aber Rheidiol and the castle of Mabwynion, and reconquers the whole of Ceredigion, 198. spoils the Flemings, 198. joins the allied princes against the king at Oswestry, 200. encamps at Corweu, 200. attacks the walls of Aberteivi and its castle, 202. seizes the castle of Cilgerran, and imprisons Robert, son of Stephen, 202. 480 INDEX. Rhys, son of Gruffudd — cont. vanquishes Owain Cyveiliog, 204. recovers Tavalwern, 204. besieges the castle of Rhuddlan, 204. burns it, and the castle of Prestatyn, 206. assembles an army against Owain Cyveiliog, 210. compels him to submit and to deliver hostages, 210. enters into friendship with the king, 210. the king gives him Ceredigion, the Vale of Tywi, Ystlwyv, and Euel- vre, 212. builds the castle of Aberteivi w r ith stone and mortar, 212. gives to the king several horses, 212, 214. obtains favour with the king, 214. has an interview with him at Tal- acharn, 218. appointed justice over the whole of South Wales, 218. sends his son Howel to the king beyond sea, to abide at his court and to serve him, 222. goes to the court of the king at Gloucester, 226. takes with him all the princes of South Wales who had been in opposition to the king, 226. holds a grand festival in the castle of Aberteivi, 228. erects the castle of Rhaiadr Gwy, 230. made war against by the sons of Cynan, son of Owain Gwynedd, 230. takes possession of the castles of St. Clare and Aber Corran and Llan- stephan, 234. seizes and imprisons his son Maelgwn, 236. builds the castle of Cydweli, 236. builds the castle of Rhaiadr Gwy the second time, 240. seized by his sons and imprisoned, 240. released by his son, Howel the Saxon, 240. Rhys, son of GruiFudd— cont. collects an army and attacks Caermar- then, which he burns to the ground, except the castle, 240. marches against the castle of Colwyn, subdues, and burns it, 242. moves his army to Maes Hyveidd, and burns it, 242. gains a signal victory over Roger Mortimer and Hugh de Say, 242. attacks Pain's castle in Elvael, and compels it to surrender, 242. relinquishes it by an agreement with William Br use, 242. his death, 244. his character, 244, 246. Latin verses composed upon his death, 246. Latin verses on his tomb, 248. his youngest sons take possession of the castle of Dinevwr, 252. Rhys (young), son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, subdues the castle of Llan- egwad, 258. attacks the castle of Llangadog, and burns it, 262. attacks the army of Maelgwn vic- toriously, 264. refuses to make peace with the king, 268. the consequences thereof, 268. makes peace, and gives up to the king the territory between the Dyvi and Aeron, 270. repairs to the court of king John, who receives him as a friend, 270. ravages Lower Aeron, the territory of Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 270. petitions the king for a share of his father's inheritance, 274. fails to obtain satisfaction from Rhys the Hoarse, in compliance with the king's command, 274. collects a vast army out of Brechein- iog against Rhys the Hoarse, 274. encamps at Trallwng Elgan, 274. obtains a victory over him, 274. INDEX. 481 Rhys (young), son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys — cont. proceeds to attack the castle of Di- nevwr, invests, and wins it, except one tower, 2 7 {3. moves his army to Llanymddy vri, and obtains the castle, 276. is reconciled to his uncle Maelgwn, 282. collects an immense army, obtains possession of Cydweli and Carn- wyllon, and burns the castle, 284. reduces the castle of Llychwr, 284. also the castle of Hugh, 284. proceeds to the castle of Ystum Llwynarth in Senghenydd, which he obtains, 284. having reduced all the castles of Gower, he returns home, 284. joins the expedition of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 288. a partition of land between him and others at Aberdovey, 288. his allotment, 290. rises with his brother Owain against their uncle, and wrests from him the whole of Buellt, except the castle, 298. arbitrates between Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, and the men of Aber- hodni, 300. leads a body of men through the river Cleddy v, with the view of attacking the town of Haverford, 300. goes to the court of the king to render him homage, 304. falls out with Llywelyn, son of Ior- werth, 308. separates from him, and joins William Marshall, earl of Pembroke, 308. repairs to the court of the king, and complains of the insult offered to him by Llywelyn, 308. is reconciled to Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 308. dies, and is buried in Strata Florida, 310. his character, 310. Rhys the Hoarse, takes possession of th e castle of Llangadog, 262. obtains possession of the castle of Llanymddyvri, 264. summoned by king John to join his army against Gwynedd, 266. commanded by the king to go against the sons of Rhys, son of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, to compel them to sur- render, or to retire out of the king- dom, 268. repents of his terms with the king, and demolishes the new castle at Aberystwyth, 270. refuses to obey the king's commands, 274. fights with Rhys and Owain, sons of Gruffudd, and Foulke, the seneschal of Cardiff, and is defeated, 274. strengthens the castle of Dinevwr with men and arms, 276. burns Llandeilo, 276. strengthens the castle of Llanymddyvri and retires to his brother Maelgwn, 276. is seized at Caermarthen, and put into the king's prison, 278. liberated upon giving hostages, 284. is one of the princes who took a part in Llywelyn's expedition, 288. a partition of land between him and others at Aberdovey, 288. his allotment, 290. entrusted by Llywelyn, son of Ior- werth, with the custody of the castle of Senghenydd, 300. destroys the castle of Senghenydd, and all the castles of Gower, 302. expels the English out of that country, and replaces them with Welshmen, 302. marries the daughter of the earl of Clare, 304. warns Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, against the treachery of the bur- gesses of Cydweli, 312. sent by Llywelyn to Carnwyllon to intercept William Marshall, 314. H H 482 INDEX. Rhys the Hoarse — cont. captured at Llanarthneu by his sou Rhys the Little, 316. is liberated for the castle of Lian- ymddyvri, 316. dies at Llandeilo the Great, 322. buried in Menevia, 322. Rhys, son of Howel, co-operates with Owain and Cadwalader, sons of GrufFudd, in burning the several castles of Rickert de la Mere, Di- nerth, and Caerwedros, 158. slays Howel, son of Maredudd, son of Rhydderch, 162. seized and imprisoned by Sir Hugh de Mortimer, 166. Rhys the Little, son of Rhys Mechyll, recovers the castle of Carreg Cen- nen, 334. aided by the barons and knights of England, goes to Caermarthen, 342. enters the castle of Dinevwr, and is seized by the garrison, 342. goes to Emlyn to speak with Mared- udd, son of Rhys the Hoarse, and Patrick de Sayes, 346. dies in the castle of Dinevwr, 358. is buried at Tal y Llycheu, 358. Rhys, son of Maelgwn, hanged at Shrews- bury by Robert Vepont, 272. Rhys, son of Maelgwn, dies, and is buried at Strata Florida, 338. Rhys, son of Maelgwn, makes his submis- sion to king Edward L by the hand of Roger Mortimer, 366. in company with four others, pays homage to the king at Worcester, 368. . retires to Gwynedd, to Llywelyn, for fear of being taken by the English at Llanbadarn, 368. his territory taken possession of by the English, 368. takes possession of the town and castle of Aberystwyth, 372. conquers the cantrev of Penwedig, 372. Rhys, son of Maredudd, exchanges comots with his brother Cynan, and obtains Penardd for himself, 360. reconciled to Pain, son of Patrick, 366. goes to the court of king Edward to offer his homage and oath of alle- giance, 366. Rhys Mechyll the Little, reconciled to his uncle Maredudd, son of Rhys, 344. attacks Trevdraeth, and demolishes the castle, 344. invades Rhos, 344. marches to Glamorgan, and reduces the castle of Llan Geneu, 344. Rhys, son of Owain, kills Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, 46. holds the government of South "Wales, 48. is engaged in the battle of Camddwr, 48. also in the battle of Gwennottyll, 48. becomes a fugitive, 50. slain by Caradog, son of Gruffudd, 50. Rhys, son of Rhydderch, acts treacherously towards Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, 42. Rhys, son of Rhys, advises his father to imprison his brother Maelgwn, 236. subjects the castles of Dinevwr and Cantrev Bychan, 240. imprisoned with Maredudd, by his father, at Ystrad Meurug, 240. joins the expedition against Rhys and Owain, sons of Gruffudd, 268. Rhys the Saxon, treacherously kills Gur- geneu, son of Seisyll, 50. Rhys, son of Tewdwr, slays Caradog, Gruffudd, and Meilir, the sons of Rhiwallon, in the battle on Carn mountain, 50. expelled from his territory and king- dom by the sons of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, 52. is victorious at the battle of Llych Crei, 52. pays a vast sum of money to the Scottish and Irish mariners who had come to his assistance, 52. killed by the French of Brecheiniog, 54. INDEX. 483 Rhys Wyndod, reconciled to Pain, son of Patrick, 366. goes to offer his homage to king Edward 1, 366. retained by the king, 366. returns from the court of the king, 368. Rhystud, the castle of, stored by Roger, earl of Clare, 190. Richard I., crowned king of England, 234. seized and put in prison by a certain èarl as he was returning from Jeru- salem, 236. an extensive tax levied for his ransom, 236. wounded and killed, 254. Rickert, son of Baldwin, stores the castle of Rhydy Gors, 76. Rickert, of Caer Rhiw, bishop of Menevia, dies, 370. Rickert, archbishop of Canterbury, dies, 232. Rickert, earl of Clare, dies, 348.. Rickert, abbot of Clerynaut, killed in a monastery near Rheims, 226. Rickert, earl of Cornwall, entrusted with the care of the kingdom by king Henry III., 338. Rickert, bishop of London, steward of the king at Shrewsbury, seeks to revenge an insult done to Gerald the steward, 86. counsels Ithel and Madog, sons of Rhirid, to seize or expel Owain, son of Cadwgan, 86. Cadwgan seeks to make peace with the king through, 92. desires Madog to seize the men who had committed wrongs against the king, 94. is requested by Madog to give him certain lands, 108. Rickert Marshall. See Marshall, Rickert. Rickert de la Mere, the castle of, burnt by Owain and Cadwalader, the sons of Gruffudd, and others, 158. Rickert, earl of Pembroke, repairs the castle of Maes Hyveidd, 320. stabbed in battle, and dies, 322. Rickert, son of Ponson, Gruffudd, son of Rhys, burns the outwork of the castle of, 122. Rickert, earl of Terstig, son of Gilbert Strongbow, sails for Ireland, 208. attends king Henry II. at Menevia, 2 1 4. Rites of the Church administered to the dying, 156, 160, 166, 194, 206, 266, 310. Robert, bishop of Bangor, seized in his church, 268. ransomed for two hundred hawks, 268. Robert, earl of Bethlehem, encounters the knights sent by Henry I. to subdue Normandy, 78. seized by the king, and imprisoned, 110. his son makes war against the king, 110. Robert the Crookhanded, Bledri, son of Cedivor, appointed to keep the castle of, 126. Robert Eitz Walter, taken in the battle of Lincoln, 296. Robei t, son of king Henry I., dies, 174. Robert, brother of king Henry III., killed, 334. Robert, bishop of Hereford, dies, 176. his character, 176. Robert, son of Llywarch, dies, 208. Robert, son of Martin, opposes Owain and Cadwalader, sons of Gruffudd, and their auxiliaries, 158. Robert de Rupel, killed in the battle of Lincoln, 296. Robert, earl of Shrewsbury, dissension between him and king Henry I., 66. seizes upon the castles of Arundel, Bliv, Brygge, and Shrewsbury, 68. his territory spoiled, 70. obtains permission from the king to quit the kingdom, 72. opposes the knights sent by the king to subdue Normandy, 78. Robert, son of Stephen, taken and impri- soned by the lord Rhys, 202. released from prison, 206. taken to Ireland by Diermid, son of Murchath, 206. H H 2 484 INDEX. Robert Vepont, hangs Rhys, son of Mael- gwn, at Shrewsbury, 272. Robert, son of William the Bastard, his kingdom in Normandy defended by William Rufus during his absence in Jerusalem, 56. returns victorious from Jerusalem, 66. Roch, Hugh de, killed in the battle of Lin- coln, 296. Roger, earl of Clare, his hostile expedition to Ceredigion, 190. his territory invaded by Rhys, son of Gruff udd, 198. Roger Clifford, lord of the castle of Pen- harddlech, taken and imprisoned by David, son of Gruffudd, 372. Roger, earl of Hereford, dies, 184. Roger, son of Hugh the Fat, succeeds his father as earl of Caerleon, 66. Roger Mortimer. See Mortimer, Roger. Roger Mortimer, succeeds his father, 332. Roger Myles, left by Edmund and Pain as constable of Aberystwyth, and to protect the country, 368. Rome, Cadwalader the Blessed, dies at, 2. Cyngen, king of Powys, dies at, 12. Howel dies at, 16. Dunwallon, king of Strath Clyde, goes to, 26. Joseph, bishop of Llandaf, dies at, 40. Dwnchath, son of Brian, dies on his way to, 44. Henry, emperor of, dies, 78. Henry II. ordered to appear at, to make satisfaction for the death of the archbishop of Canterbury 208. a cardinal from, attends a council in London for confirming the laws of the churches, 228. a general council held at the Lateran church in, 286. a cardinal from, aids in the translation of the remains of Thomas the Mar- tyr, 304. a cardinal from, sent to England as the pope's legate, 326. Thomas, bishop of Menevia, returns from the court of, 338. Emri takes a journey to the court of, 364. Rufus, William, succeeds to the throne of England, 52. goes to Normandy to defend the king- dom of his brother Robert, during his absence in Jerusalem, 56. raises an army against the Britons, 58. is unsuccessful, 58. leads a large army a second time against the Britons, but is unsuc- cessful, 60. is killed, 60. his body ordered to be conveyed to Winchester for burial, 64. Rymney, Maredudd, son of Owain, killed on the banks of the river, 46. Rythmarch the Wise, son of bishop Sulien, dies, 62. his character, 62. s. Saer, receives Byved from king Henry I., 74. expelled by the king from Pembroke, 76. Saracens, the, threaten the destruction of Jerusalem, 232. and the Jews subdue Jerusalem, 234. a battle in Spain between the Chris- tians and, 272. Damietta restored to, 310. convey the Christians to Acre, 310. take king Louis, 334. for his liberation he is constrained to restore Damietta to, 334. a great number of, killed by Louis, 336. Sarur (Say rebus, C), the earl of, invites Otho, emperor of Rome, his nephew, to his assistance, 278. captured at Vernon, 280. Satubin, bishop of Menevia, dies, 1 2. Saxons, the, gain the crown of Britain, 2. a battle at Hereford between the Britons and, 6. kill Caradog, king of Gwynedd, 8. ravage the mountains of Eryri, and take the kingdom of Rhuvoniog, 10. INDEX. 485 Saxons, the — cont. destroy the castle of Dyganwy, 10. take the kingdom of Powys, 10. kill Meurug, 12. kill Rhodri and his brother Gwriad, 16. devastate Strath Clyde, 20. kill Cadwgan, son of Owain, 22. ravage the kingdoms of the sons of Idwal, 24. devastate the Grove of Celynog (Cy- veiliog, C.) the Great, 26. devastate Brecheiniog, and all the territory of Einon, son of Owain, 28. kill Howel, son of Ieuav, through treachery, 28. kill Caradog, son of Ehydderch, 38. pursued and destroyed by GrufFudd, son of Llywelyn, 38. vanquished in a battle with Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, at Hereford, 42. their dominions ravaged by Magnus, son of Harold, king of Germany, 44. appoint Henry I. king in England, 64. inhabit Dyved, 128.. ravaged and killed by the men of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 128. N.B. The kings of the Saxons are referred to under their proper names, Scandinavia, Magnus, king of Germany, makes depredations on the shores of, 74. Scots, the, devastate Dublin, 32. kill Rhydderch, son of Iestyn, 38. auxiliaries to Trahaiarn, son of Car- adog, 50. receive a large sum of money from Rhys, son of Tewdwr, for assistance rendered to him, 52. Seisyll, son of Dyvnwal, seized treach- erously by king Henry n.'s men, and imprisoned in the castle of Abergavenny, 218. goes to the court of the king at Glou- cester, 226. Seisyll, son of Dyvnwal — cont. slain through the treachery of the lord of Brecheiniog, in the castle of Abergavenny, 226. Senghenydd, the castle of, destroyed in the expedition of Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 288. the castle of, given to Rheinallt de Bruse by Llywelyn, 300. it is destroyed by Rhys the Hoarse, 302. Shrewsbury, the castle of, seized by Robert, earl of Shrewsbury, 68. Iorwerth, son of Bleddyn, cited to, 74. king John seizes Gwenwynwyn at, 262. Rhys, son of Maelgwn, hanged at, 272. invested by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 282. king Henry III. summons Llywelyn and the earls and barons of the marches to, 308. Simon, archdeacon of Cyveiliog, dies, 180. his character, 180. Sitruc, son of Abloec, king of Dublin, a battle between him and Brian, king of all Ireland, 34. Snow, a great, in the month of March, 24. on the calends of January, which re- mained until the feast of St. Patrick, 42. Solomon, a maxim of, 126. South Wales, the men of, destroyed by king Offa, 6. the devastation of, contemplated by Howel, son of Edwin, 40. laid waste, 42. endangered by a fleet from Ireland, 42. held by Maredudd, son of Owain, son of Edwin, 46. confederates with Rhys, son of Gruf- fudd, 188, 200. king Henry II. leads an army into, 192, 198. 486 INDEX. South Wales — cont. ' the same king proceeds again to, 210. the lord Rhys appointed justice of all, 218. Christianity rendered free to the men of, 302. subjected to king Edward I., 366. St. Clare, the castle of, taken by the lord Rhys, 234. the castle of, demolished by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 286. St. David (St. Dewi), the shrine of, stolen out of the church, and completely despoiled, 52, 54. certain wicked men carry away booty from the precincts of, 90, 92. king Henry II. makes an offering at Menevia for the singers in serving God and, 214. St. Dunstan, king John buried at Wor- cester, near the grave of, 292. St. Mary's church at Meivod, consecrated, 184. St. Mary's church in Mona, pillaged by the men of king Henry H., 188. St. Michael, the church of, consecrated, 4. St. Padarn, booty carried out of the pre- cincts of, 92. indecencies committed in the church of, 130. Sulien, an adopted son of the church of, 166. St. Paul, king John gives his kingdom to, 278. St. Peter, likewise to, 278. the church of, in Mona, pillaged by the men of king Henry II., 188. Star, a, of wonderful appearance, 78. Stephen, son of Baldwin, killed by Llyw- elyn, son of Madog, 180. Stephen, king, of Blois, takes the crown of England by force, 156. his death, 1 82. Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, raises the body of Thomas the Martyr, 304, Stephen, the constable, opposes Owain and Cadwalader, 158. Storm, a violent and destructive, 220. Strange, John, the younger, bailiff of Castle Baldwin, makes a night attack upon Ceri and Cydewain, 348, 350. pursued by the Welsh, 350. burns the barn of Aber Miwl, 350. Strata Florida, the monastery of, esta- blished, 202. monks of, removed to Rhedynog Velen in Gwynedd, 232. the abbot of, permitted by king Henry TJI. to have the body of Gruffudd, son of Llywelyn, 334. he and the abbot of Aberconway re- move it to Aberconway, 334. the great bell of, bought, 340. the same consecrated by the bishop of Bangor, 340. the bishop of Menevia sings mass in, 372. deaths and burials in, 226, 232, 236, 256, 260, 266, 310, 314, 318, 322, 330, 336, 338, 344, 354, 356, 358, 362, 372. Strath Clyde, devastated by the Saxons, 20. Subin, the wisest of the Scots, dies, 16. Sulien, bishop of Menevia, assumes the bishopric, 46. resigns it, 50. takes it a second time, 50. resigns it again, 52. his death, 54. his character, 54. Sulien, son of Rythmarch, dies, 166. his character, 166. Sunday, the battle on, in Mona, 14. Swain, son of Harold, devastates the isle of Man, 32. expels Edelred, son of Edgar, from his kingdom, and reigns in his stead, 34. his death, 34. INDEX. 487 T. Tal y Llycheu, Iorwerth, abbot of, made bishop of Menevia, 284. young Rhys, son of Rhys Mechyll, buried at, 358. Talacharn, interview between king Henry II. and Rhys, son of Gruffudd, at, 218. the castle of, demolished by Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, and his con- federates, 286, 288. Talargan, king of the Picts, killed by the Britons in the battle of Maes- ydog, 6. Tavalwern, the castle of, obtained through treachery by Howel, son of leuav, 196. won by Owain and Cadwalader, the sons of Gruffudd, and their con- federates, 204. Tegeingl, ravaged by David, son of Owain Gwynedd, 198. Owain and Cadwalader, sons of Gruf- fudd, and the lord Rhys, move their armies against the castle of Rhuddlan in, 204. king Henry III. fortifies the castle of Carreg in, 328. Temple, the master of, leads an army of Christians to Damietta, 304. Tenby, the men of, hurt Cadell, son of Gruffudd, 180. the castle of, attacked and taken by the sons of Rhys, 182. ravaged and burnt by Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 234. Terdeilach, king of Conach, dies, 184. Terdelach, king of the Scots or Gwyddel- ians, dies, 52. Tewdwr, son of Beli, dies, 6. Tewdwr, son of Einon, slain in a battle near Llangwm, 32. Teyrnon, a religious society established in the Glen of, 230. Theobald, son of Theobald, duke of Bur- gundy, delivered as hostage by Henry II., to the king of France, in respect of the archbishop of Canterbury, 208. Theobald, earl of Burgundy, aids prince Henry in harassing the territory of his father the king, 222. Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury, mur- dered, 208. his character, 208. translation of his remains, 304. Thomas, bishop of Menevia, returns from the court of Rome, 338. Thomas, archbishop of York, dies, 66. Thunderstorms, violent, 10, 220. Tours, Henry, son of king Henry II., borrows money from the burgesses of, 220. Towyn, devastated by the Pagans, 24. Trahaiarn, son of Caradog, rules over Gwynedd, 48. a battle between him and Gruffudd, at Bron yr Erw, 48. wins the battle of Pwll Gwdyg, 48. slain in the battle on Carn Mountain, 50. Trahaiarn, son of Ithel, invites Gruffudd, son of Rhys, to undertake an ex- pedition into Ceredigion, 128. Trahaiarn the Little, of Brecheiniog, seized and fettered, 250. his character, 250. Trallwng Elgan, young Rhys encamps at, 274. Trallwng Llywelyn, Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, arrives in, 108. the castle of Gwenwynwyn in, at- tacked by Henry, archbishop of Canterbury, and others, 242. burnt by Llywelyn, son of Iorwerth, 320. Llywelyn, son of Gruffudd, sends messengers to Gruffudd, son of Gwenwynwyn, to the castle of, 360. the castle destroyed by Llywelyn, 360, 488 INDEX. Trevdraeth, the castle of, destroyed by Lly welyn, son of Iorwerth, and his confederates, 286, 288. attacked, and the castle demolished by Lly welyn, son of Gruffudd, Maredudd, son of Rhys, and Rhys Mechyll the Little, 344. Tribute of ten thousand head of cattle, levied upon Powys, by king Henry L, 150. Tryffin, son of Rein, death of, 10. Turkyll, the son of, commands a fleet from Ireland, come to the assistance of Cadwalader, son of Gruffudd, 164. Two thousand men blinded, 28. Tyrell, Walter, unwittingly kills William Rufus in hunting, 64. Tywi, William Marshall marches against Gruffudd, son of Lly welyn, through the, 312. a bridge made over it by Maelgwn the Little, Rhys the Hoarse, and others, who were fighting against Caermarthen, 322. Tywi, Vale of. See Vale. u. Ubis, devastates Menevia, 34. Uchtryd, son of Edwin, fights against the castle of Pembroke, and ravages the whole country, 58. invites the country people to come to him for protection, when Ithel and Madog, the sons of Rhirid, and Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, were endeavouring to secure Owain and Cadwgan, 88. his address to Madog and his brother, 88. they accuse him of flattery and cun- ning, 90. his sons invite the men of Meirion- ydd to assist them in expelling Owain and Madog out of their land, 100. Uchtryd, son of Edwin — cont. the castle of, attacked by Einon, son of Cadwgan, and Gruffudd, son of Maredudd, 140. fights against Howel and Maredudd, and the sons of Cadwgan, 142. the building of the castle of the son of, 166. Uchtryd, bishop of Llandaf, dies, 176. his character, 176. Uercu, bishop, death of, 20. Ulysses, Rhys, son of Gruffudd, compared to, 246. Urbanus III., succeeds to the see of Rome, 232. Usk, Iorwerth, son of Owain, taken by king Henry II. on the river, 210. Ussa, son of Llawr, dies; 20. V. Vale of Ceiriog, king Henry II. moves his army into the, 200. Vale of Clwyd, David, son of Owain Gwynedd, removes the people of Tegeingl, with their cattle, into the, 198. Peter, abbot, dies in the, 232. Vale of Severn, king John retreats towards the, 292. Vale of Teveidiog, subjugated by Llyw- elyn, son of Iorwerth, 320. Vale of Tywi, devastated by Anarawd, 1 6. treachery of the men of, 42. devastated by Gruffudd, son of Llyw- elyn, 42. the chieftains and noblemen of, con- spire to the death of Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, 46. devastated by the French, 56. granted to the son of Baldwin, 70. granted to Howel and (son of, C. D.) Goronwy, 74. Owain, son of Cadwgan, and Llywarch, son of Trahaiarn, lead their forces to it, against Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 134. INDEX. 489 Vale of Tywi — cont. Rhys, son of GrufFudd, confederates with the South Walians as far as the woods of the, 188. granted by king Henry II. to the lord Rhys, 212. parts of, allotted to Maelgwn, son of Rhys, 288. Vepont, Robert, hangs Rhys, son of Mael- gwn, at Shrewsbury, 272. Vermin of a mole-like form, devour the food in Ireland, 16, 18. Vernon, the earls of Flanders, Boleyn, and Sayrebus, captured at, 283. Verses, Latin, on the death of Rhys, son of GrufFudd, 246. on his tomb, 248. Vesey, Simon de, slain in battle, 296. Ville, Bryan de, goes on a crusade to Jerusalem, 304. Vortigern of Bepulsive Lips, Myrddin's prophecy to, 2. w. Wales, pilgrims from, drowned on the sea of Greece, 166. Aberteivi considered as the key of, 254. the expulsion of David, son of Owain, out of, 258. king John goes into, 268. the nobles of, swear fidelity to Llyw- elyn, son of Gruffudd, 344. king Henry III. allows Llywelyn to receive the homage of the barons of, 356. and that they should henceforth be called princes of, 356. king Edward I. designs three armies against, 364. Wallis, Thomas, bishop of Menevia, death of, 340. Walter de Bee, the castle of, burnt by Owain and Cadwalader, sons of GrufFudd, 158. Walter, son of Gruffudd, retains Pain's castle, the castle of Colwyn, and the cantrev of Elvael, 282. Walter, son of Llywarch, kills Einon, son of Anarawd, in his sleep, 198. Walter, son of Rhirid, kills Cadwgan, son of Maredudd, 198. Weather, extraordinarily fine, throughout the winter and spring, until Ascen- sion Thursday, when it became very tempestuous, 220. unusually fine, 288. Welsh, the, devastate the territory of Offa, 8. soldiers in the army of Rheinallt, son of king Henry, 192. all the, combine to expel the French garrisons, 198. a few chosen, oppose king Henry II. in the Vale of Ceiriog, 200. distrustful of the French, 226. they raze the castle of Llanuhadein to the ground, 238. the restoration of their ancient rights contemplated by Gwenwynwyn, 252. they fight against the castle of Gwerth- rynion, and burn it to the ground, 256. they rise against king John, 282. obtain possession of nearly all Dyved, 282, 284. men placed by Rhys the Hoarse, to dwell in Gower, 302. pursue the English, and slay upward of twelve hundred, 350. are slain near Colunwy by John Strange, 350. Welsh princes, make peace with king Henry II, 188. make peace with king John, 268. collect a vast army to Caermarthen, 286. return to their countries happy and victorious, 286. invited to be present at a partition of land between Maelgwn, son of Rhys, and Rhys the Hoarse, his brother, and Rhys and Owain, sons of Gruffudd, 288. 490 INDEX. Welsh princes— cont. most of them invited by Llywelyn, son of lorwerth, to make war upon Gwenwynwyn, 290. summoned by king John, to enter into compact with him, 292. White Castle, taken possession of by Eobert de Bruse, 282. White House, the lord Ehys arrives at the, 212. death of Cynan, abbot of the, 226. death of Khydderch, abbot of the, 232. burial of Cadwalader, son of Ehys, at the, 232. a religious society from, removes to Ireland, 314. Whitland (White House), Maredudd the Blind, buried at, 326. Whitland in Ireland, a religious society from the White House settles at, 314. Wiciew, Einon Clud escapes from, 194. Wilfre, takes the bishopric resigned the third time by Sulien, 52. William, son of Aed, commands an army of French and Flemings against the castle of Caermarthen, 168. William, son of BaldwiD, dies, 58. William the Bastard, kills Harold and ob- tains the kingdom of England, 44, 46. goes on a pilgrimage to Menevia, 50. his death, 52. his fame, power, and riches, 52. William Brabant, a Fleming, killed, 102. William, son of Gerald, raises an army against the castle of Gwys, 172. the castle of Tenby delivered into his custody, 182. William, son of Gwrwared, seneschal to king Henry III. over the land of young Maelgwn, spoils the men of Elvael, 338. William of London (de Londres), leaves his castle and property through fear of Gruffudd, son of Rhys, 126. William of Moretania (Brittany, C), op- poses and defeats the knights sent by Henry I. to subdue Normandy, 78, 80. seized and imprisoned by the king, 80. William, son of Ore, opposes Owain and Cadwalader, sons of Gruffudd, and their confederates, 158. William Eufus. See Eufus. William, son of William Bruse, banished into Ireland, by king John, 262. his wife, son, and daughter captured by the king, 264. put to death with his mother in the castle of Windsor, 264. Winchester, the body of William Eufus ordered to be conveyed to, 64. Henry, brother of William Eufus, secures the royal riches at, 64. the youths of, kill Eandulf de Poer, and many knights with him, 230. the town of, burnt, and the castle fortified by king John, 292. the castle attacked, and taken by Louis, son of the king of France, 292. retaken by the men of the king, 294. the bishop of, dies, 326. the marriage of Llywelyn and Eleanor solemnized at, 362. Windsor, the wife and son of William Bruse put to death in the castle of, 264. Worcester, king John buried at, 292. the bishop of, dies (A J). 1236), 324. a council appointed at, in which king Edward I. designs three armies against Wales, 364. king Edward I., and Edmund his brother, bestow their cousin Eleanor on Llywelyn, at the door of the great church in, 370. WorgaD, succeeds Herwald as bishop of Llandaf, 80. INDEX. 491 Y. Yale, a castle in, built by Owain, son of Gruffudd, 176. the castle burnt by Iorwerth the Bed, 188. the monastery of Llanegwestl in, founded by Madog, son of Gruffudd Maelor, 256. York, a dispute between the archbishop of, and the archbishop of Canter- bury, 228. Yspwys, a battle between the French and Cadwgan, son of Bleddyn, in the wood of, 56. Ystas the historian, 244. Ystlwyv, granted by king Henry II, to Ehys, son of Gruffudd, 212. Ystrad Antarron, Gruffudd son of Rhys, and his uncle Khydderch, arrive in disorder at, 132. Ystrad Cyngen, the castle of, devastated by Ehys, son of Gruffudd, 182. 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Hardy, Esq. 11 The Wars of the Danes in Ireland : written in the Irish language. Edited by the Rev, Dr. Todd, Librarian of the University of Dublin. Munimenta Gtldhall^e Londoniensis ; Liber Albus, Liber Custu- marum, et Liber Horn, in archivis Gildhallae asservati. Vol. II., Liber Custumarum. Edited by H. T. Riley, Esq.. M.A., Bar- rister-at-Law. A Collection of Royal and Historical Letters during the Reigns of Henry IV., Henry V., and Henry VI. Edited by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford. Eulogium (Historiarum sive Temporis), Chronicon ab Orbe condito usque ad Annum Domini 1366 ; a Monacho quodam Malmesbiriensi exaratum. Vol. II. Edited by F. S. Haydon, Esq., B.A. A Collection of Political Poems from the Accession of Edward III. to the Reign of Henry VIII. Vol. II. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M.A. Original Letters and Papers illustrative of the History of England during the Fifteenth Century. Edited by the Rev. J. Stevenson, M.A., of University College, Durham, and Vicar of Leighton Buzzard. A Collection of Sagas and other Historical Documents relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles. Edited by George W. Dasent, Esq., D.C.L. Oxon. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts relating to the Early History of Great Britain. Edited by T. Duffus Hardy, Esq. In Progress. Historia Minor Matthìei Paris. Edited by Sir F. Madden, K.H., Chief of the MS. Department of the British Museum. Polychronicon Ranulphi Higdeni, with Trevisa's Translation. January 1860. 7 à