How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 Bishop Cheshire 
 
Stye library 
 
 of tits 
 
 HmuprBttg nf Nnrtfy (Carolina 
 
 (Eollrrtinn of Wortij (Earolttttana 
 
 Cp2S3 
 C5^h 
 
THE 
 
 pint of J$lts#tonsi 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY REVIEW 
 OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 
 
 MAY, 1918 vfc^vu 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 ■frontispiece ; Chnrcll of Saint .lames. Tsii ami Saint Agues'** School. Kyoto. Japan 300 
 
 Editorial : The Progress of the Kingdom 301 
 
 The Sanctuary of Missions 305 
 
 The Heart of Japan Bishop Tucker 307 
 
 A Message From Liberia Bishop Lloyd 322 
 
 An Opportunity in South Carolina Archdeacon Baskervill 325 
 
 A Bishop in a Barn Bishop Wise 327 
 
 Santo Domingo * Reverend William Wyllie 329 
 
 In Haiti Awaiting Bishop Colmore Reverend H. R. Carson 333 
 
 The Educational Department 338 
 
 Our Letter Box: Letters From: Archdeacon Schotlcld, Liberia; Reverend J. M. B. 
 
 Gill, Nanking, China 339 
 
 Meeting of the Executive Committee 341 
 
 News and Notes 341 
 
 Letter to the Editor: Bishop Israel 343 
 
 How Our Church Came to Our Country: XXIX. How Our Church Came to North 
 
 Carolina Bishop Cheshire 345 
 
 The Woman's Auxiliary: "Personally Conducted" Edna Biller 353 
 
 Announcements Concerning Missionaries and Speakers 3C1 
 
 Acknowledgment of Offerings .- 362 
 
 Published by the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society 
 
 of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, 
 
 281 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
 
 Entered as second-class matter July 8, 1879, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., 
 under the Act of March 3. 1879. 
 
 The Subscription Price of THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS is $1.00 per year in ad- 
 vance. Postage is- prepaid in the United States and its possessions. For other 
 countries, including Canada, 24 cents per year should be added. 
 
 Changes of Address must reach us by the 15th of the month preceding the issue 
 desired sent to the new address. Both the old and new address should be given. 
 
 How to Remit: Remittances should be made payable to THE SPIRIT OF MIS- 
 SIONS by draft on New York, postal order or money order. One, two and three-cent 
 stamps are accepted. To checks pn local banks, ten cents should be added for col- 
 lection. In accordance with a growing commercial practice, when payment Is made 
 by check or money order, a receipt will NOT be sent except when request is made, 
 accompanied by a three-cent stamp. 
 
 Address all Communications to THE SPIRIT OF MISSIONS, 281 Fourth Avenue, 
 New York City. 
 
 299 
 
 :n**3. 
 
CHURCH OF SAINT JAMES AND PARISH HOUSE, TSU, DISTRICT OF 
 
 KYOTO, JAPAN 
 
 MAIN BUILDING, SAINT AGNES'S SCHOOL, KYOTO 
 
 This picture makes the building appear very much better than it really it. New buildings 
 are absolutely necessary and a committee is raising the money for them 
 
 300 
 
LETTER TO THE EDITOR 
 
 To the Editor : 
 
 SOME three months ago, through 
 information gained by correspond- 
 ence with the rectors of the American 
 churches in France, Italy and Switzer- 
 land, I made a report to Bishop White- 
 head of the Commission on American 
 Churches in Europe, of the condition 
 of these congregations. Saturday I re- 
 turned from a two months' visitation 
 of our camps, during which time I 
 spent several days in each of our par- 
 ishes in Nice, Florence and Rome, and 
 with the Rev. Clement Brown, who has 
 a private licensed chapel in Cannes, 
 and I found no cause to change the 
 statements made in my report. 
 
 Just now a new and serious situation 
 has arisen at the Church of the Holy 
 Trinity, Paris. On March the elev- 
 enth, the Reverend Dr. Watson pre- 
 sented his resignation to the vestry. 
 Anyone realizing the strain, both men- 
 tal and physical, of the last four years, 
 through which Dr. and Mrs. Watson 
 have passed, will not be surprised, for 
 there is a limit to human endurance 
 even among the strongest. The old 
 "American Colony" of Paris has dis- 
 persed, and with it the demand for the 
 present dignified form of cathedral 
 service: a new era has come and a 
 new problem has arisen from war con- 
 ditions, to meet which new methods 
 must be originated. 
 
 Paris is full of Americans of every 
 type of Churchmanship; and hence in 
 the services and in the methods of 
 church work there must be radical 
 changes made. In his present condi- 
 tion of fatigue, Dr. Watson feels it 
 unwise and virtually impossible for 
 him to attempt these changes. After 
 advising with the bishops here, he has 
 taken the one means by which he feels 
 some priest may be able to continue to 
 keep up the Church in its present posi- 
 
 tion of leadership for American Chris- 
 tianity, which he has so ably repre- 
 sented among the French people. 
 
 The vestry, with many expressions 
 of regret and esteem, and with emo- 
 tion, accepted the resignation, and, as 
 some slight expression of their feeling, 
 unanimously requested him to continue 
 his relationship with the parish by ac- 
 cepting the title and post of "Rector 
 Emeritus without duties or emolu- 
 ments, and with a right to a seat in the 
 chancel at all times". 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Watson will shortly re- 
 turn to America, where, at the request 
 of the vestry, they will present, after 
 a few months' rest, the needs of our 
 work in Paris. A committee com- 
 posed of the wardens and bishop in 
 charge, have secured the services of 
 the Reverend J. W. Beekman, for- 
 merly dean of the pro-cathedral of the 
 diocese of Bethlehem, as locum tenens 
 for six months, from April first. 
 
 With Dr. Watson's retirement the 
 intimate and important relations in 
 which he has been associated with the 
 French authorities from the beginning 
 of the war, will of course cease, but we 
 hope the loving interest and contribu- 
 tions of his many friends in America 
 will continue toward his successor. 
 
 Owing to the greatly reduced income 
 occasioned by the war, and the unpar- 
 alleled opportunity for continued lead- 
 ership on the part of the Church of the 
 Holy Trinity, the bishop in charge has 
 appealed to the Commission on Ameri- 
 can Churches in Europe for $15,000 
 annually during the war and for a few 
 years thereafter, which appeal he 
 hopes the Church in America, realiz- 
 ing its importance, as everyone must 
 who understands the situation, will 
 support and urge. . Rogers Israel, 
 
 Bishop of Erie, in charge of the 
 American Churches in Europe. 
 
 343 
 
m 
 
 
 *3»& --'-. A -J 1 
 
 
 ... weapemeoc - ? • L 
 
 1 |t^£#^ 
 
 */V 
 
 mwsjfiSS 
 
 w/Hfw' 
 
 
 |Jk» 
 
 •3 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISHMEN IN VIRGINIA, 1584 
 
 WALLS OF SAINT PHILIP'S CHURCH, OLD BRUNSWICK 
 
 344 
 
J|oto ©wt Cfmrcf) Came to <&uv Country 
 
 XXIX. HOW OUR CHURCH CAME TO NORTH CAROLINA 
 
 By Bisliop Cheshire 
 
 Earliest Colony 
 
 THE seal of 
 the diocese of 
 North Carolina 
 shows a pinnace, fly- 
 ing the red cross of 
 Saint George, sailing 
 towards a wooded 
 shore, while a man 
 standing in the prow 
 holds out a cross 
 toward the land. This is taken from 
 John White's drawing of the Arrival 
 of the Englishmen in Virginia in July, 
 1584. The land which the pinnace 
 is approaching is Roanoke Island. 
 Two small ships lying outside the bar 
 represent the two barks of Captains 
 Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlow, 
 "servants of Sir Walter Raleigh", who 
 took possession of the newly-discov- 
 ered land "in the right of the Queen's 
 most excellent Majestie". This whole 
 region they named "Virginia" in honor 
 of Queen Elizabeth, and in its early 
 use the name included the whole At- 
 lantic coast held by the English. 
 
 When the colony at Jamestown had 
 been successfully established, the 
 southern boundary of the Province 
 of Virginia was the 36° 30' paral- 
 lel of north latitude, so that it 
 did not include Roanoke Island and 
 the adjacent coasts. By the char- 
 ters of Charles II in 1663 and 1665 
 the vast region lying south of Virginia 
 and north of the Spanish settlements 
 in Florida was granted to eight emi- 
 nent Englishmen known as the "Lords 
 Proprietors of Carolina", and was 
 
 erected into a Province, and the name 
 "Carolina" was given to it. This name 
 probably came originally from the 
 French, who had attempted some set- 
 tlements north of the Spaniards in the 
 reign of Charles IX. It was first ap- 
 plied to the country south of Virginia 
 by Charles I of England in 1629, in 
 a patent to Sir Robert Heath. Noth- 
 ing having been attempted under that 
 charter of Charles I, Charles II re- 
 granted this region, and attached the 
 name permanently to the country. It 
 being too vast a tract to be conven- 
 iently administered under one govern- 
 ment, about 1710 the settlements along 
 the north side of Albemarle Sound, 
 begun about 1662, became the colony 
 of "North Carolina", while the later 
 settlements, at the junction of the Ash- 
 ley and Cooper rivers, became "South 
 Carolina". These two colonies eventu- 
 ally developed into the states and 
 dioceses of North and South Carolina. 
 It happens therefore that the site of 
 the first English colony in America, 
 and the spot where the first ministra- 
 tions of the Church were associated 
 with the life of an English commu- 
 nity on this continent, lies within the 
 territory of the state of North Caro- 
 lina and the diocese of East Carolina. 
 
 In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh sent out 
 a large exploring expedition under 
 Ralph Lane, with a view to preparing 
 the way for permanent settlement. 
 This expedition was brought out by 
 that most illustrious Elizabethan naval 
 hero, Sir Richard Grenville. In the 
 company were Thomas Hariot, an emi- 
 
 345 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 nent Cambridge Scholar, who was to 
 examine and report upon the natural 
 productions of the country, and John 
 White, a draughtsman, who was to 
 make pictorial representations of the 
 inhabitants, their dwellings and occu- 
 pations, and the like. Thus Sir Wal- 
 ter Raleigh anticipated the scientific 
 expeditions of later years. This colony 
 of exploration remained a year at 
 Roanoke Island, returning to England 
 in the fleet of Sir Francis Drake in 
 the summer of 1586. 
 
 In order to carry out his plans for 
 the permanent settlement of the coun- 
 try Raleigh, under his royal patent of 
 1584, formed a corporation January 7, 
 1587 (1586 old style) of nineteen citi- 
 zens of London, who should advance 
 money and supplies, and thirteen 
 "gentlemen adventurers" who should 
 personally head the enterprise. With 
 John White as governor, these gentle- 
 men adventurers were constituted the 
 rulers of the colony, under the title of 
 "The Governor and Assistants of the 
 City of Raleigh in Virginia". 
 
 Under this charter a colony of 
 <v ninety-one men, seventeen women 
 and nine boys and children" sailed 
 from Plymouth May 8, 1587, sighted 
 land July sixteenth, somewhere in the 
 vicinity of Cape Fear (Promontorium 
 Tremendum) , on which they narrowly 
 escaped being cast away, made Hat- 
 teras July twenty-second, and soon 
 after landed at Roanoke. 
 
 Two interesting events marked the 
 opening days of this first English col- 
 ony planted in North America. Ama- 
 das and Barlow in 1584 had carried 
 back with them to England two In- 
 dians, Manteo and Wanchese. Manteo 
 had become a convert to Christianity, 
 and ever remained the faithful friend 
 and ally of the English ; Wanchese be- 
 came their implacable foe. Manteo 
 returned to Roanoke with the colo- 
 nists. We read in White's account of 
 these days, "The thirteenth of Au- 
 gust," that being the Ninth Sunday 
 after Trinity, "our Savage Manteo, 
 
 by the commandment of Sir Walter 
 Raleigh was Christened in Roanoke 
 and called Lord thereof, and of Dasa- 
 monguepeuk, in reward of his faithful 
 service. The eighteenth, Eleanor, 
 daughter to the Governor, and wife 
 to Ananias Dare, was delivered of a 
 daughter in Roanoke, and the same 
 was Christened there the Sunday fol- 
 lowing, and because this was the first 
 Christian born in Virginia, she was 
 named 'Virginia'." These two bap- 
 tisms practically settle the question 
 of the presence of an English priest 
 in the colony. 
 
 And as this was almost the first 
 thing we read of that ill-fated colony 
 at Roanoke, so it is almost the last that 
 we know of them. August twenty- 
 seventh the fleet sailed back to Eng- 
 land, John White, the governor, going 
 with it, and that is the last we know 
 of those whom he left behind in that 
 strange and savage land. They were 
 doubtless slain by the Indians, as the 
 Jamestown colony, twenty years later, 
 after diligent investigation, reported. 
 
 STONE MARKING THE SITE OF 
 FORT RALEIGH 
 
 346 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 //. Permanent Settlement 
 
 The permanent settlement of North 
 Carolina dates from March, 1662 
 (1661 old style). On that day George 
 Durant purchased from an Indian 
 Chief, Kilcocanen, styling himself 
 "King of Yeopim", a neck of land be- 
 tween Perquimans river and Albe- 
 marle Sound, still known as "Durant's 
 Neck". The deed was afterwards re- 
 corded and is the oldest land title in 
 North Carolina. 
 
 By the end of the century the settle- 
 ments extended along the whole north 
 shore of the Sound, as far west as 
 beyond the Chowan River, and also 
 across the Sound on the south shore. 
 The settlers came almost wholly from 
 Virginia and were probably nominal 
 Churchmen. The statement that they 
 were Quakers and Baptists, fleeing 
 from religious intolerance in New 
 England and Virginia, has been en- 
 tirely disproved by the publication of 
 contemporary records. Wm. Edmund- 
 son, the first Quaker preacher who 
 visited the settlements, found only one 
 family of Quakers ten years after 
 George Durant's settlement; and 
 George Fox, who came six months 
 after Edmundson, had much the same 
 experience. Their preaching, however, 
 made converts, and other zealous men 
 coming in from year to year, and con- 
 tinuing their work, meetings for wor- 
 ship and for discipline were soon es- 
 tablished, and Quakers became numer- 
 ous and influential in the two precincts, 
 Perquimans and Pasquotank. To the 
 Quakers therefore belongs the honor 
 of being the first to take thought of 
 these feeble folk, and to set up Chris- 
 tian worship among them. 
 
 In 1699 Bishop Compton, preparing 
 to send the Reverend Dr. Thomas 
 Bray, his commissary, to Maryland, 
 directed him to visit the Albemarle 
 settlements, to learn the religious con- 
 dition and needs of the people. For 
 some reason he could not carry out 
 his design, but about the end of 1700 
 
 he scut, probably to Henderson 
 Walker, acting governor, "some books 
 of his own particular pious gift of the 
 explanation of the Church catechism, 
 with some other small books", for 
 distribution. Soon after he sent one 
 Daniel Brett, a clergyman, to officiate 
 in the colony, and with him a hundred 
 pounds' worth of books for a public 
 library, eventually established at Bath. 
 The Reverend Daniel Brett proved un- 
 worthy and we hear no more of him. 
 
 The leading men of the colony seem 
 to have been almost without exception 
 Churchmen and at the head of these 
 was Henderson Walker, acting gover- 
 nor. Under their influence the assem- 
 bly of 1701 passed an act erecting the 
 five precincts, Chowan, Perquimans, 
 Pasquotank, and Currituck, north of 
 Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico on the 
 South Shore, into parishes, appointing 
 a "select vestry" in each parish, au- 
 thorizing these vestries to lay taxes^ 
 for building churches, purchasing 
 glebes, and employing clergymen and 
 readers. By subsequent acts the ves- 
 tries were made overseers of the poor 
 and keepers of the standards of 
 weights and measures. 
 
 Thus, before any ministers had 
 served in the colony, the people them- 
 selves were endeavoring to set up the 
 Church of their fathers. Every civil 
 division was given also an ecclesiastical 
 organization. And whatever may be 
 said of the indifference of many and 
 the opposition of some, this legal es- 
 tablishment, each county being a parish 
 with its wardens and vestrymen, was 
 continued by the free action of the 
 people of North Carolina in succes- 
 sive enactments until 1776. 
 
 This act of 1701, however faulty, 
 at least gave evidence of a reviving 
 interest in religion : it invited the at- 
 tention of the mother country, and 
 it provided some organization for the 
 Church. Under this law a small 
 church was built in Chowan parish, 
 near the site of the present town of 
 
 34/ 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 Edenton ; another in Perquimans, "a 
 compact little church built with more 
 care, and better contrived than that 
 in Chowan". In these churches serv- 
 ices were held^ and sermons read on 
 Sundays by "readers" employed and 
 paid by the vestry. 
 /The Society for the Propagation of 
 ' the Gospel in foreign parts was incor- 
 porated in 1701. It sent as its first 
 missionary to North Carolina the Rev- 
 erend John Blair, in the spring of 
 1704. He came to explore and to re- 
 port upon conditions and need, though 
 it was intended that he should also re- 
 main and minister to the people. He 
 was a godly and faithful man. He 
 baptized many children, visited the 
 parishes of Chowan, Perquimans and 
 Pasquotank, called the vestries to- 
 gether, encouraged and instructed 
 them in their duties, and urged them 
 to keep up the services of the Church 
 by the employment of readers. But 
 ihe incessant labor of endeavoring to 
 serve so large a field, the exposure and 
 hardships, with the lack of an adequate 
 support, brought his labors to an early 
 close, and he left for England after 
 only five or six months in Albemarle. 
 It appears therefore that the intro- 
 duction of the worship of the Church 
 into North Carolina owed but little to 
 the work or influence of the clergy. 
 The act of the assembly was passed, 
 churches were built, and the worship 
 of the Church carried on by the peo- 
 ple themselves. In one or two cases 
 we get a little glimpse of the good 
 work of the readers. Governor Glover 
 thus writes of Mr. Charles Griffin : 
 "This gentleman, being of an unblem- 
 ished life, by his discreet behavior, in 
 that office (of reader), and by apt 
 discourses from house to house ac- 
 cording to the capacities of an ignorant 
 people, not only kept those he found, 
 but joined many to the Church in the 
 midst of its enemies, insomuch that 
 the Reverend Richard Marsden, wait- 
 ing here for a passage to South Caro- 
 lina, thought it convenient to admin- 
 
 ister the Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- 
 per, which is the first time 1 can learn 
 of its being administered in this poor 
 county. This was done on Trinity 
 Sunday, 1706, and the same day forty- 
 five persons, infants and adults, were 
 baptized." Another account a few 
 years later is from the pen of the 
 Reverend Mr. Denny, of South Caro- 
 lina, who spent a few days in the par- 
 ish of Pamlico, Bath County, where 
 there had been no minister at all. He 
 says : "During my stay I lodged at 
 one Major Gale's (Christopher Gale, 
 afterwards Chief Justice), a very civil 
 gentleman, at whose house the people 
 met each Sunday, where a young 
 gentleman, a lawyer, was appointed to 
 read prayers and a sermon, they hav- 
 ing no minister." 
 
 777. First Missionaries of the 
 S. P. G. 
 
 The next missionaries sent out to 
 work under the S. P. G. were the Rev- 
 erend Wm. Gordon and the Reverend 
 'James Adams, who came in April, 
 1708. Mr. Gordon remained only a 
 few months but the Reverend Mr. 
 Adams labored faithfully and effec- 
 tively, and wore himself out in the 
 work, dying within a few weeks after 
 his departure for Virginia in Septem- 
 ber, 1710. They were both good men 
 and their letters are our chief source 
 / of information concerning the first 
 (work of the Church in Albemarle. 
 'The year 1710 very nearly completed 
 fifty years of the life of the colony 
 of Albemarle, or North Carolina, as 
 it had now begun to be called. The 
 population was increasing not rapidly 
 ' but steadily, spreading over several 
 thousand square miles. It was wholly 
 a rural population. Its first town, 
 Bath, had been incorporated in 1709 
 and contained less than a dozen houses. 
 Its second town, Newbern, was barely 
 begun and not yet incorporated. Eden- 
 ton had not come into being. There 
 was no center of population, and little 
 
 348 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 SAINT THOMAS'S CHURCH, BATH 
 
 community life. In almost all parts 
 of the colony the people desired the 
 ministrations of the Church but they 
 were mostly living upon isolated plan- 
 tations. No missionaries could reach 
 and serve a sufficient number of peo- 
 ple to form any effective organization. 
 The legal establishment, with its power 
 to levy taxes for the support of the 
 Church, was a real disadvantage, be- 
 cause it provided no adequate support 
 while it took off the sense of obliga- 
 tion from the most zealous members 
 of the Church. Clergymen and mis- 
 sionaries came and labored for a while 
 and then disappeared ; some good, 
 some indifferent, others weak and un- 
 worthy; and very few of them, even 
 the best, able to deal effectively with 
 the strange conditions of the new and 
 poor settlements. 
 
 Gradually, however, some centers- of 
 ordered life began to emerge from 
 the confusion. The first church build- 
 ing worthy to be called permanent, in- 
 dicating the development of a regu- 
 
 lar congregation, is Saint Thomas's 
 Church, Bath, still standing, begun in 
 1742, but not finished until many years, 
 later. Three godly and faithful men 
 served in this parish from 1721 to 
 1771, and laid permanent foundations 
 in the spiritual life of the country. 
 These were Ebenezer Taylor, 1721-2; 
 John Garzia, 1735-1744; and Ale? 
 ander Stewart, 1753-1771. 
 
 Taylor and Garzia died from the 
 immediate effects of hardship and ex- 
 posure in traveling over the vast ter- 
 ritory under their care. The third, 
 Alexander Stewart, wore himself out 
 with incessant labor, leaving a name 
 second to none in the history of Chris- 
 tian work in North Carolina. The 
 Negroes and the Indians claimed his 
 special sympathy and care. He sought 
 out the perishing remnants of the old 
 Hatteras and Roanoke tribes, taught 
 them the principles of Christianity, and 
 established a school among them for 
 the children. He crowned his work 
 by sending over to England for ordi- 
 
 SAINT PAUL'S CHURCH, EDENTON 
 
 349 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 nation two notable men of the colony, 
 Peter Blynn and Nathaniel Blount. 
 In 1744 Clement Hall of Perquimans, 
 a prominent man in his county, was 
 ordered deacon and priest in London. 
 Two Sundays in the month he offi- 
 ciated in Saint Paul's Church, Eden- 
 ton, and the other Sundays in distant 
 missions where the settlers soon 
 learned to love this holy man. On his 
 missionary journeys east and west no 
 house would hold his congregations. 
 He had to seek the shelter of the 
 groves, where the birds were the 
 choristers, and where between the 
 pauses in their music they heard "the 
 bass of heaven's deep organ blow". 
 During one of these missionary jour- 
 neys in the months of September and 
 October, 1753, he reports that he had 
 in thirty-five days traveled 536 miles, 
 officiated in twenty-three congrega- 
 tions, baptized 467 white infants, two 
 white adults, and twenty-one black 
 children. A large and handsome 
 church building had been begun in 
 Edenton — Saint Paul's Parish Church, 
 still standing. Under his zealous min- 
 istry, the work was taken up with re : 
 newed vigor, and put in the way of 
 being finished. He died in 1759. 
 
 IV. Colonial Churches 
 The most notable of our Colonial 
 churches was Saint Paul's, Chowan 
 Parish, in the town of Edenton, which 
 has already been noticed. Within a 
 very few years of their foundation the 
 Chowan vestry took as their ecclesias- 
 tical name "Saint Paul's Church." 
 This vestry met for organization De- 
 cember 15, 1701, the vestry act having 
 been passed November twelfth, pre- 
 ceding. It is not only the oldest or- 
 ganized religious body in the state, it 
 is the oldest corporation of any kind 
 in North Carolina. Its record book 
 beginning with that first meeting is 
 still in existence, and is an invaluable 
 historical document. If we may at all 
 judge the other parish vestries by 
 Saint Paul's, the vestrymen of the 
 
 parishes were the most eminent and 
 worthy men of the country. Gover- 
 nors Walker, Pollock, Glover, Chief 
 Justice Christopher Gale, Edward 
 Mosley and other distinguished names 
 appear in these early vestry lists. Its 
 spacious and handsome parish church, 
 still in use, gives some indication of its 
 strength and importance ; while its 
 communion silver bears names associ- 
 ated with the early periods of its his- 
 tory. The Reverend Clement Hall 
 was succeeded in this parish by the 
 Reverend Daniel Earl, who continued 
 in charge until about the close of the 
 Revolution. 
 
 Newbern, the first important center 
 of population south of Pamlico, was 
 laid out about 1710 by Governor Pol- 
 lock ( in connection with the coming of 
 De Graffenreid's colony from Berne 
 and the Palatinate), but it was not in- 
 corporated until 1823. The colonists 
 upon their first coming desired that 
 their Protestant pastor might be or- 
 dained by the Bishop of London ; and 
 they seemed desirous of adopting the 
 Prayer Book in their worship, and of 
 conforming to the Church of England. 
 The effect of the Indian War of 1711 
 was so disastrous to all this section, 
 that we know little of its religious his- 
 tory until the coming of the Reverend 
 James Reed in 1753 to be rector of 
 Christ Church, Newbern, Craven Par- 
 ish. Lender him a handsome church 
 was completed ; the "Newbern Acad- 
 emy" was incorporated and estab- 
 lished ; and the ministrations of the 
 Church were extended through Craven 
 county and the neighbbring section. 
 In 1770, Governor William Tryon re- 
 moved to Newbern and made this 
 town his official residence. The very 
 handsome and massive communion 
 service, now belonging to Christ 
 Church, Newbern, was probably 
 brought by Tryon to Newbern when 
 he moved the seat of government. It 
 seems to be mentioned in connection 
 with the consecration of Saint Philip's 
 Church, Brunswick, in 1768. 
 
 350 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 COMMUNION SERVICE, CHRIST 
 CHURCH, NEWBERN 
 
 Perhaps the largest and handsomest 
 of the Colonial churches in North 
 Carolina was erected in Brunswick. 
 Its massive brick walls, nearly three 
 feet in thickness and even now prac- 
 tically intact, though for a century ex- 
 posed roofless to the weather, still 
 attest its solid structure and its noble 
 proportions. Saint Philip's Church, 
 Brunswick, was consecrated, with an 
 elaborate service approved by Gover- 
 nor Tryon, on Tuesday in Whitsun- 
 week, 1768, by the Reverend John Bar- 
 nett and the Reverend John Wills. 
 The King had sent to the province a 
 communion service of massive silver 
 for use in the King's Chapel; and Gov- 
 ernor Tryon gave that designation to 
 this church, since Brunswick was then 
 his residence. It has upon the several 
 pieces of heavy silver the royal arms, 
 with the inscription "Ex Dono Regis", 
 but without any designation of parish 
 or of church. When Tryon a year or 
 two later removed from the neighbor- 
 hood of Brunswick to Newbern, and 
 established himself in the official resi- 
 dence erected for the governor of the 
 province, that fact would seem to con- 
 stitute Christ Church, Newbern, "the 
 King's Chapel" in North Carolina ; and 
 so the massive silver vessels sent over 
 by the King would naturally be found 
 there. 
 
 In the meantime Wilmington had 
 become the largest town in North Car- 
 olina though not incorporated until 
 1739. The older town of Brunswick 
 was eventually abandoned on account 
 
 of its exposed and unhealthy situation, 
 and its wealth and culture were gradu- 
 ally transferred to Wilmington. But 
 of Saint James's Church, Wilmington, 
 New HanoVer Parish, we know little 
 before the middle of the century. By 
 that time a handsome church building 
 was in process of erection, but was not 
 finished until many years later. Be- 
 fore that time we hear of a number of 
 ministers officiating in this section 
 from time to time; Ebenezer Taylor 
 and Richard Marsden, both already 
 mentioned, and others. Then came the 
 Reverend John McDowell in 1754, the 
 Reverend John Barnett in 1765, and 
 the Reverend John Wills in 1769. 
 The parish was becoming strong and 
 influential, in a prosperous and rapidly 
 growing community inheriting the tra- 
 ditions of the Church. 
 
 This brings us toward the end of 
 the Colonial period. It must be said 
 that the royal governors had all been 
 
 SAINT JOHN'S CHURCH, 
 WILLIAMSBORO 
 
 351 
 
How Our Church Came to Our Country 
 
 men disposed to advance the interests 
 of religion among the people and to 
 build up the Church of which they 
 were members. Especially Governor 
 Tryon was most zealous, liberal and 
 energetic. He did more for the 
 Church than all his predecessors. De- 
 serving and enjoying the confidence 
 and good will of the dissenters of the 
 province, for his just and liberal 
 course towards them, he at the same 
 time exerted himself so earnestly and 
 persistently for the Church that 
 whereas he found on coming to North 
 Carolina hardly half a dozen settled 
 clergymen, he reports in 1770 eighteen 
 ministers settled in as many parishes. 
 
 There was a sad period of destruc- 
 tion and decay soon to follow. But 
 the foregoing is an attempt to show 
 partially at least hovo our Church 
 came to North Carolina. How it 
 seemed to die down and then to revive 
 in 1817, is another story. 
 
 It will be observed that the "North 
 Carolina" of the preceding pages is the 
 state of North Carolina, and all the 
 principal matters referred to were ter- 
 ritorially within the limits of the pres- 
 ent diocese of East Carolina, where 
 all the early settlements were made. 
 There is but one Colonial church build- 
 ing in the present diocese of North 
 Carolina, namely Saint John's Church, 
 Williamsboro, a frame church, sound 
 and solid today, though built in 1767, 
 in the old Colonial parish of Saint 
 John's, Granville. From that parish 
 went Charles Pettigrew to be school- 
 master in Edenton ; then to be ordained 
 in London in 1775 (the last clergyman 
 ordained in England for North Caro- 
 lina) ; then in 1794 elected bishop of 
 North Carolina. In the sad confusion 
 and weakness of those days he died 
 without having been consecrated. Not 
 until 1817 was the diocese organized, 
 and in 1823 the first bishop — John 
 Stark Ravenscroft — was consecrated. 
 
 CLASS WORK 
 
 PREPARATION FOR THE LESSON 
 
 OUTSIDE of the general Church his- 
 tories, such as Tiffany's and McCon- 
 nell's, material on North Carolina is ex- 
 tremely scarce. In preparing this article 
 Bishop Cheshire has had access to records 
 which are not available to the general pub- 
 lic. It will therefore be a valuable addition 
 to the early history of our Church and will 
 itself supply all the material necessary for 
 the preparation for the lesson, if supple- 
 mented by any good secular history. 
 THE FIRST FIVE MINUTES 
 There is no more fascinating chapter in 
 the annals of our colonial life than that 
 which chronicles the voyage of Sir Walter 
 Raleigh, that brave and gallant courtier of 
 Queen Elizabeth, who met with such a 
 pathetic end. Ask the class to read up his 
 life in their English histories. 
 
 TEACHING THE LESSON 
 I. The Arrival of the Englishmen in Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 1. What is the seal of North Carolina? 
 
 2. Explain how what is now known as 
 North Carolina was then called Virginia. 
 
 3. Which was the first English colony in 
 America? 
 
 II. Permanent Settlement 
 
 1. When and where was the first perma- 
 nent settlement of North Carolina made? 
 
 2. What religious body was the first to 
 set up Christian worship? 
 
 3. What five parishes did the assembly of 
 1701 create? 
 
 4. Whom did the S. P. G. send as its 
 first missionary to North Carolina, and why 
 did he not stay? 
 
 III. First Missionaries of the S. P. G. 
 
 1. Who were the next missionaries to be 
 sent to North Carolina and what conditions 
 did they find? 
 
 2. Which was the first permanent church 
 building? 
 
 3. Tell about Clement Hall's life and 
 work in Edenton. 
 
 IV. Colonial Churches. 
 
 1. What eminent men served on the ves- 
 try of Saint Paul's Church, Edenton? 
 
 2. How did Newbern receive its name? 
 
 3. What governor did much to build up 
 the Church in the state? 
 
 4. Who was the first man to be elected 
 bishop of North Carolina? 
 
 5. Who was the first to be consecrated 
 as its bishop? 
 
 352 
 
UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 
 
 00034004728 
 
 FOR USE ONLY IN 
 THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION 
 
 Form No. A-368, Rev. 8/95