HANDBOOK OF HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT NORTH CAROLINA IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES, 1861-1865 Mrs. John Huske Anderson THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA Cp970.7 A5U.2 c.2 HANDBOOK OF HISTORICAL FACTS about NORTH CAROLINA in the WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 1861—1865 Compiled by MRS. JOHN HUSKE ANDERSON Historian 1924 — 1926 NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION UNITED DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY Reprinted for the J. E. B. STUART CHAPTER Fayetteville, N. C 1927 BEGINNING OF THE U. D. C. O '■ • •*y* The United Daughters of the Confederacy was organ' ized in 1894, with Mrs. C. M. Goodlet, of Nashville, Tennessee, the first President General. The Cape Fear Chapter of Wilmington, organized by Mrs. W. M. Parsley, was the third Chapter joining the General organization, applying for Charter Dec. 27, 1894. North Carolina Division U. D. C. was organized April 28, 1897, by Mrs. William M. Parsley, of Wilmington. First Convention held in Wilmington, October 3rd, 1897, with Mrs. Parsley as the first President of the North Carolina Division, six Chapters being represented. Motto of Historical Department U. D. C: "Loyalty to the truth of Confederate history." Keyword: "Preparedness." Flower: The Rose. Motto of N. C. Division: "Lest we forget." Flower: Eglantine. ^ FACTS ABOUT NORTH CAROLINA 1861—1865 "They gave us great glory, What more could they give? They left u§ a story, A story to live.'"' State Slogan: "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettys' burg and Chicamauga, Last at Appomattox. " North Carolina sent 125,000 soldiers in the War Be' tween the States, from a population of 115,000 voters, furnishing oncfifth of the 600,000 men in the Confed' erate Army — her loss being oncthird. Total number of lives lost in Confederate Army was 74,524, of which 19,643 were from North Carolina. North Carolina furnished 84 regiments, 20 battalions, some extra companies and a number of men who served in commands in other States. The 70th, 71st and 72nd regiments and 3 battalions were Junior Reserves — 17 years of age. The 73rd, 74th, 76th, 77ttt and 78th were Senior Reserves, between ages of 45 and 50. Of Gen. Lee's 124 regiments, 24 were from N. C. North Carolina suffered the first loss in the Confed' eracy, at Bethel, in the death of Henry Wyatt, of Edge combe County, on June 10th, '61. The following companies (already organized) com' posed the "Bethel" Regiment: Edgecombe Guards, Hor' net's Nest Rifles, Charlotte Grays, Orange Light Infan' try, Buncombe Riflemen, LaFayette Light Infantry, Burke Rifles, Fayetteville Independent Light Infantry, Enfield Blues, Southern Stars, Halifax Light Infantry. These were commanded by Col. D. H. Hill, as the First N. C. Regiment. In the "Seven Days Battle" around Richmond, every fifth Confederate flag floated over N. C. troops, every 5th man killed was from N. O, every 4th wounded was from N. C. At Chicamauga, the 60th Regiment of North Carolina advanced farthest into the enemies' lines, of any Confed- erate troops in that famous charge. In the three days fight at Gettysburg, of the 1,292 killed (not counting the wounded 12,707) 770 were North Carolinians, almost twice as many as any other State. The 26th N. C. Regiment suffered at Gettysburg the heaviest loss in killed" and wounded of any regiment on either side in any battle of the War. Among the N. C. regiments that suffered heaviest were: The 5th N. C at Williamsburg, the 4th, at Seven Pines, the 3rd at Sharpsburg, the 26th at Gettysburg, the 27th at Briscoe Station. The following N. C. Brigades were in the Surrender at Appomattox: Cox's, Grimes," Johnston's, Lewis', Mac Rae's, Lane's, Scales'. Ransom's, Barringer's, Roberts'. The last shot was fired by Cox's brigade. Grant's army at Appomattox was 220,000 whie Lee's was 7,892. The last battle of the Confederates was the battle of Bentonville, fought in N. C. by the Junior Reserves principally, March 19th' ,65. North Carolina furnished 51,000 stands of arms and all necessary equipment. She spent over $27,000,000. for the Confederate Government, with undeveloped re sources. The women of North Carolina sent $325,000 in supplies from their own stores, in addition to that con' tributed thru the State Offices. North Carolina furnished $6,000,000 worth of one year's supplies to the Confederate Government besides giving many valuable stores without charge, at the same time supporting and clothing her own troops thru the entire war. Reports show that during the last months of the war N. C. was feeding one-half of Gen. Lee's army. N. C. provided Naval Forces for the protection of her sounds. "The Mosquito Fleet" were 8 little one'gun boats which rendered valuable service, these capturing many vessels on the N. C. coast. Later twelve others were bought. The ram "Albermarle, ,, was built in N. C, which de' stroyed the Underwriter. The "Blockade Running'" enterprise was adopted only by North Carolina. The "Advance" 1 in 1863, was pur' chased as a Runner, there being in all 84 vessels of N. C. engaged between foreign ports and Wilmington. There were 428 trips made by these — one of the most perilous parts of the service. Its value was shown by the thous' ands of dollars worth of supplies from Europe that were brought into port at Wilmington. The three day bombardment at Ft. Fisher in January, "65, which marked the beginning of the end of the Con' federacy, established a record for artillery firing that was unbroken in the history of the world until the Russc Japanese W T ar. Admirals Dewey and Evans, young of' ficers in the attacking fleet, called it the "Gibraltar of America/'' The name of Confederate Point was changed to Fort Fisher when the gallant Colonel of the 6th N. C. Regi' ment, Charles F. Fisher, fell at Manassas. A North Carolina Naval Officer, Captain James I. Waddell, carried a Confederate ship, the Shennand'oah, 52,000 miles from the Arctic ocean to England, and never surrendered his flag to the enemy, but gave his vessel nito the keeping of the British Government six months after the surrender at Appomattox. The Shennandoah made more havoc on commerce than any other vessel in the history of the world except the Alabama under Admiral Semmes. A North Carolina soldier, Orren Randolph Smith, was the designer of the Stars and Bars flag, so decided by the four Confederate organisations. 6 IMPORTANT EVENTS OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 1861—1865 North Carolina secedes, May 20, 1861. Received as a member of the Southern Confederacy May 27, '62. Fort Caswell and Macon seized by Confederates. Taking of the United States Arsenal at Fayetteville, April 22, 1861. Federal Naval attack on North Carolina, August '61. Fall of Hatteras, August 29, 1861. Federal Expedition under Burnside, January, '62. Fall of Roanoke Island, February 8, 1862. Capture of Plymouth, Morehead, Beaufort, and' Fort Macon, April, 1862, by the Federals. Battle of South Mills, 1862. Zebulon B. Vance elected Governor of North Carolina August '62. Battle of Kinston, December 14, , 62. Battle of Whitehall, December 16, 1862. Battle of Goldsboro, December 17, 1862. Capture of Washington, March 30, 1863. Battle of Blount's Mill, 1863. Burning of the "Underwriter," (Federal gunboat), December 1863. Launching of the Confederate Ram "Albermarle," April, 1864. Sinking of the "Albermarle," October 27, 1864. Hon. George Davis appointed Attorney-General, Con- federate Cabinet, January 4, 1864. Bombardment of Fort Fisher, December 25, 1864. Fort Fisher fell January 15, 1865. Wilmington captured, February 22, 1865. Burning of Arsenal at Fayetteville by Sherman, March 12, 1865. Battle of Longstreet (near Fayetteville) March 10, "65. Battle of Averasboro, March 16, '65. Battle of Benton ville, March 19th-22ncf, 1865, last im- portant battle in the war, and the greatest engagement ever fought on North Carolina soil. Here our Junior Reserve covered themselves with everlasting glory, when they assisted in confronting the whole of Sherman's army of Veteran soldiers. Surrender of Johnston to Sherman (near Durham) April 26, 1865. Last skirmish under the regular command, Waynesville, May 6, 1865. Col. Love defeats Kirk. o LIST OF NORTH CAROLINA GENERALS IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY 1861 Adjutant'General: James C. Martin Assistant Adjutant'Generals A. Gordon John C. Wider William B. Gulick Surgeon'General: Charles E. Johnson 1864 Adjutant'Generals R. C. Gatlin Daniel G. Fowle Surgeon'General: Edwin Warren GENERAL OFFICERS Lieutenant'Generals Theophilus H. Holmes Daniel H. Hill Major'Generals Robert Ransom, William D. Pender, Stephen D. Ram- seur, Robert F. Hoke, Bryan Grimes. 8 Brigadier'Generals James F. Gordon, Matt. W. Ransom, William R. Cox, George B. Anderson, Lawrence S. Baker, William H. Cheek, William G. Lewis, Alfred H. Scales, Junius Daniel, Wm. McRae, Wm. P. Roberts, Alfred Iverson, Wm. W. Kirkland, Jas. Johnson Pettigrew, Robert D. Johnson, Thos. L. Clingman, James H. Lane, Lawrence OB. Branch, Collett Leverthrope, Archibald C. Godwin, Beverly- Robertson, John R. Cooke. Wilcox, a Tennesseean; Robertson, a South Carolinian; Cooke, a Virginian, all commanded North Carolinians. o ******* North Carolinians Who Were General Officers in Southern Armies Major'Generals were: Braxton Bragg, Leonidas Polk, William Loring. Brigadier-Generals were: McCullock, Zollicoffer, and Raines. North Carolina Officers of highest rank in Confederate Navy: Commander John N. Maffitt, Capt. J. W. Cooke, Lt. Commander James Iredell Waddell, Commodore W. T. Muse. North Carolina Generals killed were: Pender, Ram' seur, Whiting, Branch, Daniel, Gordon, Anderson, Petti' grew, Godwin. (Authorities are Clark's N. C. Regimental Histories and Ashe's History of N. C, Vol. 2.) ******* FACTS ABOUT SECESSION OF THE SOUTH (Compiled' from Miss Rutherford's "Scrap Book") It was not a CIVIL WAR as this was not between two parties in the same State. It was not War of SECESSION, as the Southern States seceded with no thought of war. It was not a WAR OF SECTIONS, but both sides were contending for a principle. 9 It was not a WAR OF REBELLION, for SOVER- EIGN STATES cannot rebel. IT WAS THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES for the non'seceding States of the United States made war upon the seceding States to force them back into the Union. The real cause of the War Between the States was: Interference with State rights as given in the Constitu- tion of the United States. Seven times before 1860 the right of withdrawing from the Union had been formally claimed, 6 times by New England States, but Lincoln violated the Constitu- tion when, without the consent of Congress, he called for 75,000 volunteers to force back the seceding States. The South seceded without any thought of war. They withdrew and 1 formed a government which would respect their rights as given by the Constitution. The Constitu- tion gave the State interferred with the right to secede. The rights of the Southern States were rpatdly inter- ferred with, such as when Congress limited her territorial rights in 1820, made tariff laws unjust to them in 1833, gave unjust distribution of money from the Treasury, al- lowed the Compromise of 1850 to be violated, and Pres- ident Lincoln was elected by the fifteen States which vio- lated the compromise. The South never violated the Constitution, the North violated it seventeen times. The South seceded from the violators of the Consti- tution. War was caused by the breaking of an armistice and' forcing the firing on Ft. Sumter. The surrender was caused by 600,000 men being over- powered by 2,850,000. The CAUSE was not lost; as the principle for which the South fought, interference with State Rights, still exists. 10 UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00032720887 This book may be kept out one month unless a recall notice is sent to you. It must be brought to the North Carolina Collection (in Wilson Library) for renewal. Form No. A-369