^ STEPHEN B, WEEKS cuss OF 1886: PH.D. THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSHT OF THE UNIWlRSiniY m NdDlRM CAWONiS HIE WEEIKS C(0)lL]LECTni(0)N ®F S^ V\ y.'JSf'TY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00032695824 II This book must not be taken from the Library building. Form No. 471 PORTRAITS UNITED STATES SENATORS, A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF EACH. CLAREMONT, N. H.: TEACY, KENNEY & COMPANY. 1856. COPYEIGHT SECURED. STEAM PRINTING WORKS OF M^FARLAND & JENKS, CONCORD, N. H. k PREFACE There is no country on the face of the earth in which the people have so direct and personal an interest in their Legislators as in our own United States. This arises from the very spirit of our institu- tions. The makers of the laws being chosen by the people themselves, eveiy person feels it his concern to know them as well as possible. This is necessary and right ; and every thing which tends to extend this knowledge is a benefit to the nation, inasmuch as it assists in the selection of good and true men to guide the afi'airs of the state. It is the earnest wish of the publisher that the following little book may conduce in some degree toward spreading correct and useful information concerning those who are at present our Senators, and to convey such information in an attractive and interesting manner. The engravings which are here given, have been made by the first artists from daguerreotypes taken from life, and, as portraits, are unusually correct. The brief bio- graphical sketches which accompany each one, have been carefully pre- pared from information derived from the most authentic sources, and may fully be relied on. With these few preliminary remarks this gal- lery of Senatorial Portraits is left to commend itself, by its own merits, to the approbation of the American people. Qo INDEX Page. Hannibal Hamlin, 6-7 James W. Bradbury, 8-9 James Bell, 10-11 John Parker Hale, 12-13 Moses Norris, Jr., 14-15 Solomon Foote, 16-17 Jacob Collamer, 18-19 William Upham, 20-21 Charles Sumner, 22-23 Henry Wilson, 24-25 John Davis, 26-27 John H. Clarke, 28-29 Charles T. James, 30-31 Truman Smith, 32-33 Isaac Toucey, 34-35 William H. Seward, 36-37 Hamilton Fish, 38-39 Jacob W. Miller, 40-41 Robert F. Stockton, 42-43 James Cooper, 44-45 Richard Brodhead, 46-47 Presley Spruauce, 48-49 J. A. Bayard, 50-51 James Alfred Pearce, 52-53 James M. Mason, 54-55 Willie P. Mangum, 56-57 Andrew Pickens Butler, 58-59 W. F. De Saussure, 60-61 William C Dawson, 62-63 Page. Robert M. Charlton, 64-65 Jeremiah Clemens, 66-67 Walker Brooke, 68-69 Stephen Adams, 70-71 Pierre Soule, 72-73 S. W. Downs, 74-75 Jackson Morton, 76-77 Stephen Russell Mallory, 78-79 Gen. Sam Houston, 80-81 Thomas J. Rusk, 82-83 John Bell, 84-85 James C. Jones, 86-87 Archibald Dixon, -~ 88-89 Joseph Rogers Underwood, 90-91 Salmon P. Chase, 92-93 Benjamin F. Wade, 94-95 Charles W. Cathcart, 96-97 Jesse D. Bright, 98-99 Stephen Arnold Douglas, 100-101 James Shields, 102-103 Lewis Cass, 104-105 Alpheus Felch, 106-107 Solon Borland, 108-109 Augustus C. Dodge, 110-111 George Wallace Jones, 112-113 Henry Dodge, 114-115 John B. Weller, 116-117 WilUam M. Gwin, 118-11 9 ffinitti 3htn Btuinxs 1* HANNIBAL HAMLIN, Senator from Maine, was born at Paris, Oxford county, Maine, August 27, 1809. During his minority, he worked between one and two years at the printing business, after which he commenced the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in January, 1833. He estabhshed himself in the practice of his profession at Hampden, Maine, in the April following, and immediately entered on an extensive practice, and soon acquired a high reputation. Mr. Ham- lin was a member of the Maine Legislature for six years, and was for three years Speaker of the House of Repre- sentatives. In 1840, he was a candidate for the U. S. House of Representatives, but failed of an election. In 1842, he was again a candidate, and was elected, and in the year following was reelected. In 1848, he was elected to the United States Senate, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of John Fairfield, and in 1850, was reelected for six years. JAMES W. BRADBURY, Senator from Maine, is a native of York county, state of Maine. He graduated at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, in that state, in 1825, in a class distinguished for the eminent men it has produced ; among them the late Hon. Jona- than Cilley, Prof. Longfellow, Rev. Dr. Cheever, and oth- ers. He was employed one year as an instructor of the academy of Hallowell, and afterward studied law with Judge Shepley, late of the U. S. Senate, and Hon. Rufus Mclntire. He removed to Augusta, the place of his pres- ent residence, in 1830. In 1846, he was elected to the Senate of the United States. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1844, and, placed that year at the head of the electoral ticket, and president of the electoral college of the state, he cast his vote for Mr. Polk. 10 11 JAMES BELL, Senator from New-Hampshire, is one of the sons of the late Hon. Samuel Bell, who died in Chester, December 23, 1850, aged 81. He was born in Francestown, N. H., November 13th, 1804. He fitted for college at Derry and Andover academies, and graduated at Bowdoin Col- lege in the class of 1822. He studied his profession in the oflBce of his brother. Judge Bell, of Manchester, and at the Law School of Judge Gould, in Litchfield, Conn. He commenced the practice of law in Gilmanton, and af- terward removed to Exeter, where he continued it from 1831 to 1847, when he removed to Gilford. In 1846, he was one of the Representatives to the Legislature from Exeter, and in 1850, one of the delegates from Gilford in the Constitutional Convention. In June, 1855, he was elected to the United States Senate for the full term of six years from the 4th of March, 1855. 12 13 JOHN PARKER HALE, Senator from New-Hampshire, was born at Rochester, Strafford county, N. H., March 31, 1806. Went to Phillips Academy, at Exeter, N. H., in September, 1820, and remained there three years. Entered Bowdoin Col- lege, at Brunswick, Me., in September, 1823, and gradu- ated in September, 1827. He immediately commenced the study of law in his native village. In June, 1828, he removed to Dover, N. H., where he has ever since re- sided. In 1830 he was admitted to the bar. In March, 1832, he was elected a Representative to the Legislature of New-Hampshire. In 1834 he was appointed U. S. At- torney for New-Hampshire, by Gen. Jackson. In 1838 he was reappointed by President Van Buren, from which office he was removed by President Tyler, in April, 1841. In March, 1843, he was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives of the United States, and in March, 1846, he was again elected a Representative to the Legislature of his native state, and on the assembling of that body, was chosen Speaker of the House. At the same session, he was chosen a Senator of the United States for the term of six years, from and after the 4th of March, 1847. In the June session of 1855 he was again elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of the Hon. Charles G. Atherton. 14 16 MOSES NORRIS, JR., Senator from New-Hampshire, was born at Pittsfield, N. H. In the year 1828 he graduated at Dartmouth College. He studied law and commenced the practice of his pro- fession at Barnstead, Strafford county, N. H., but in a few years returned to his native town, and was shortly after elected to the House of Representatives of New-Hamp- shire. He was repeatedly reelected, and chosen Speaker of the House. In March, 1843, he was elected Repre- sentative to Congress, and in 1845 was reelected. Upon retiring from Congress he was again elected to the Legis- lature of New-Hampshire, and again chosen Speaker of the House. In June, 1848, he was elected to the Sen- ate of the United States for six years from March 4th, 1849. Mr. Norris died before the expiration of his term. 16 17 SOLOMON FOOTE, Senator from Vermont, was born in the county of Addison, Vermont, November 19th, 1802. He graduated at North- Middlebury College, in August, 1826, and was preceptor of Castleton Academy for one year afterward, and was a tutor for one year in the University of Vermont, and sub- sequently professor of natural philosophy in the Vermont Academy. In 1831, he commenced the practice of law at Rutland, Vt., and was elected a Representative from that town to the State Legislature in 1833. In the years 1836, '37 and '38, he was also elected to the Legislature, and during the last two years was Speaker of the House. From 1836 to 1842, Mr. Foote was State Attorney for the county of Rutland. He was a member of the House of Representatives of the United States during the 28th and 29th Congresses, and on retiring from Congress, resumed the practice of his profession. In 1847, he was again elected to the Legislature of Vermont, and again chosen Speaker of the House. In 1850, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years. 2* 18 (p-iii^xx^-'z^^^/^':^ 19 JACOB COLLAMER, Senator from Vermont, was born at Troy, N. Y., and is son of Samuel Collamer, a native of Scituate, Mass., who was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. In his childhood he removed with his father's family to Burlington, Vt., and in 1810, graduated at the Vermont University in that town^ He immediately commenced the study of law — entered the frontier campaign of 1812 as a lieutenant of artillery, in detached miUtary service of the United States, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. From the time of his admission to the bar until the year 1833, he practiced law in the counties of Windsor and Orange. In the last named year (having in the meantime been an active and influential member of the Legislature of Vermont,) he was elected Assistant Judge of the Supreme Court, which of- fice he filled until 1842. In 1843, he was elected to rep- resent the second Congressional District of Vermont in the Congress of the United States : was reelected in 1844, '46 and '48. In March, 1849, he received from Presi- dent Taylor the appointment of Post-Master General, (the first citizen of Vermont that has ever received a Cabinet appointment,) which office he held until the death of the President. In 1850, he was chosen Judge of the 2d Ju- diciary Circuit, which he held until the fall of 1854, when he was chosen United States Senator for the term of six years from March 4th, 1855. 20 ^-^l/}^- /Uf^^^^^-^-y-^^ 21 WILLIAM UPHAM, Senator from Vermont, was born in Leicester, Massachu- setts, August 5th, 1792. He removed with his father to Montpeher, Vermont, in 1803, and studied until 1809, when he entered the office of Hon. Cyrus Ward, of Mont- pelier, as a student at law, where he remained one year, when he entered the office of Hon. Samuel Prentiss, and continued his legal studies until December, 1812, when he was admitted to the bar. He commenced the practice of the law at Montpelier, in 1813, and obtained a high repu- tation at the bar. He was elected a member of the Leg- islature of Vermont in the years 1827, 1828 and 1830, and State Attorney in 1828. In October, 1842, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years from the 3d of March, 1843, and in October, 1848, was elected to the Senate for another term of six years, ending the 3d of March, 1855. Mr. Upham is not living. 22 C/^o^^-j f^^^^^^ 23 CHARLES SUMNER, Senator from Massachusetts, was bom at Boston, January 6tli, 1811. He is a graduate of Harvard College. A year after he graduated he became a member and subse- quently librarian of the Dane Law School, of that Univer- sity. There, during two years and a half, he was the be- loved pupil and companion of Judge Story, whose confi- dential friendship continued till the death of that eminent jurist. His preparatory course of legal study was com- pleted in the office of the late Benjamin Rand, of Boston. Continuing the successful practice of his profession till the autumn of 1837, he explored all the domains of the law, ancient and modem. Passing the next two years and a half in Europe, he mingled freely in the society of the most illustrious men of England and the continent. In the presidential canvass of 1848, he was the candidate of the Free-soil party for Representative to Congress from Boston. In the autumn of 1850, he was nominated for Senator in Congress for six years from the 4th of March, 1851, and after a prolonged contest he was elected. Mr. Sumner's orations and speeches before conventions, lyce- ums, and hterary societies of colleges, and two of his legal arguments have been pubhshed in two volumes by Ticknor & Co. 24 ■e^vt'T^ 25 HENRY WILSON, Senator from Massachusetts, was bom in Farmington, N. H., Feb. 16, 1812. In 1833, he removed to Natick, Mass., where he actively engaged in the manufacture of shoes. In the ever memorable ''hard cider" campaign of 1840, Mr, Wilson first became known as a political man. The name of the "Natick Cobbler" was heralded far and wide, during which time he visited and addressed the cit- izens of some sixty towns in Massachusetts. In 1840 and '41, he was a member of the House. In 1843 and '44, he was elected to the Senate. In 1845, was again a mem- ber of the House, and was appointed, with Mr. Whittier, to convey a petition to Congress, against the admission of Tex- as as a slave state. In 1848, he was a delegate to the Whig National Convention, and on the nomination of Gen. Taylor, Mr. Wilson and Judge Allen, of Worcester, de- nounced the convention, came home and bolted the party. From this grew the Free-soil party of Massachusetts. Dur- ing 1849 and '50, Mr. Wilson was editor and proprietor of the Boston Republican. In 1850 and '51, he was again in the Senate, and chosen President of that body. In 1851, Gen. Wilson was chosen President of the Free Democratic National Convention. Mr. Wilson presided over the Constitutional Convention during the illness of Mr. Banks. In 1853 and '54, he was the Free-soil candi- date for Governor. In 1855, he was elected Senator to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of the Hon. Edward Everett, which term expires in March, 1859. 26 27 JOHN DAVIS, Senator from Massachusetts, was a native of Worcester county, and the son of a farmer. In the early part of his youth he worked upon his father's farm, and at a later pe- riod was sent to Yale College, where he graduated in 1812. He studied law, and entered upon the practice of his pro- fession in Worcester, with health greatly impaired by chronic complaints, from which he has never fully recovered. In 1825 he was elected to Congress, and served in the House of Representatives about nine years, when he was elected Governor of Massachusetts. He was re-elected to the same office, and, while Governor, was elected to the United States Senate, where he served until near the close of his term, when he was again elected Governor, and con- tinued in office, by successive elections, two years. In 1841, he was again returned to the Senate of the United States, and has remained in that body ever since. Mr. Davis has since deceased. 28 29 JOHN H. CLARKE, Senator from Rhode-Island, was born in the city of Prov- idence, R. I., and is now about sixty-five years of age. Mr. Clarke was educated at Brown University, where he graduated with the highest honors. He subsequently stud- ied law, and practiced with great success for many years, during which time he was for several years a member of the Legislature of Rhode-Island. Having abandoned the practice of his profession, he engaged in the manufactur- ing business, in which he continued until the year 1842, when the great pressure which operated so disastrously on the business community, compelled him to make an assignment of his property. After making a highly hon- orable settlement with his creditors, he retired from busi- ness with an ample fortune, and hved in retirement until the year 1846, when he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years. 3* 30 31 CHARLES T. JAMES, Senator from Rhode-Island, was bom in West-Greenwich, R. I., and is now about fifty years old. With but a com- mon school education he commenced active life as a me- chanic, and having, after a close application for a number of years, become intimately acquainted with the construc- tion and operation of every species of machinery, he be- came an engineer and manufacturer, and in this capacity has constructed and put in operation some of the largest and best mills in the United States. In February, 1851, Mr. James was elected to the Senate of the United States, in which body he appeared at the commencement of the session of Congress in December following. As a scien- tific and practical engineer, Senator James has few equals in the country. 32 ''■''C^^^^n^^c-f^T^ 33 TRUMAN SMITH, Senator from Connecticut, was born Nov. 27, 1791, at Roxbury, Connecticut. His father, Phineas Smith, was a farmer, an elder brother of the late Nathaniel Smith, Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, and of Na- than Smith, who died in Washington, in December, 1835, a member of the Senate of the United States. Mr. Tru- man Smith graduated at Yale College in 1815 ; was ad- mitted to the bar in 1818 ; settled the same year, in the practice of the law, at Litchfield, Connecticut, where he continues to reside. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of Connecticut in the years 1831, 1832 and 1834 ; was elected a member of Congress in 1839, and re-elected in 1841, 1845 and 1847. In the spring of 1848, he was elected a member of the Senate of the United States, for the term of six years from March 4, 1849. 34 35 ~^SAAC TOUCEY, Senator from Connecticut, was born at Newtown, Fairfield county, Connecticut, November 5th, 1796. In 1818, be- ing then twenty-one years of age, he began the practice of law at Hartford, and in 1823 was appointed State At- torney for the county of Hartford, and continued to fill that office until 1835, when he was elected a member of the U. S. House of Representatives, and was a member of that body until 1839. In 1846 he was elected Gov- ernor of Connecticut, and in 1848 was appointed, by Mr. Polk, Attorney General of the United States, to succeed Mr. Clifford. In 1850 he was a member of the State Senate, and in 1852 was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives of Connecticut, and in the same year was chosen United States Senator for the term of six years, from March 4th, 1851. 36 'tf'6U''^>'>^ /f;:'^^--^^^-^. 37 WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Senator from New- York, was bom at Florida, Orange coun- ty, New- York, in 1801. He graduated at Union College in 1820, and was admitted to the bar in 1822. In 1830 he was elected to the New-York Senate for four years, and while a member of that body supported the policy of internal improvements, and the abohtion of imprisonment for debt. In 1834 he was the Whig candidate for Gov- ernor of the State, but failed of an election. In 1838 he was again a candidate, and was elected by a large major- ity. In 1843 he resumed the practice of law at Auburn, and in March, 1849, he was chosen United States Senator for six years, and took his seat at the extra session called to consider the nomination of President Taylor. Mr. Se- ward is regarded as the leader of the Free-soil or anti- slavery section of the Whig party. 38 ^/^J^ ff 39 HAMILTON FISH, Senator from New- York, was born in the city of New-York in the year 1808, and is consequently now in the 48th year of his age. He was elected in the 28th Congress, and served one term. In 1847 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of the State of New- York, and in the year fol- lowing was elected Governor of the State for two years. He declined a re-election in 1850, and in 1851 was elected to the Senate of the United States for the full term of six years. 40 41 JACOB W. MILLER, Senator from New-Jersey, is a native of Morris county, New-Jersey, and is now in the fifty-fifth year of his age, though he appears many years younger. At the age of sixteen he abandoned the study of the classics and engaged in mercantile pursuits, but three years after resumed his studies and entered a law office. In September, 1823, he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law at Morristown, where he has ever since resided. In 1832 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. The next year he declined a re-election, and returned to the practice of his profession. In 1839 he was elected to the State Senate. In the winter of 1841, he was chosen United States Senator for six years, and first took his seat on the 4th of March, 1841. He was re-elected to a second term of six years, which commenced on the 4th of March, 1847. 4* 42 43 ROBERT F. STOCKTON, Senator from New-Jersey, was born at Princeton, New- Jersey, on the farm on which he now resides. He entered the navy on the 1st of September, 1811, and was one of the aids of Commodore Rogers in the defence of Balti- more, in 1814. In 1821 he was appointed to the com- mand of the sloop-of-war Alligator, which was ordered to the coast of Africa. He was married in 1825, and while on a furlough for a few years, engaged in the construction of the Delaware and Raritan canal, and during the inter- vals of more active service, built the war steamer Prince- ton. Previous to the breaking out of the Mexican war, he sailed for the Pacific in the frigate Congress, and ulti- mately took possession of California in the name of the United States. Upon his return to the United States, he resigned his commission, and retired to private life, but in the winter of 1851 was elected to the Senate of the United States for six years. 44 45 JAMES COOPER, Senator from Pennsylvania, was born in Frederick county, Maryland, May 8th, 1810. The pecuniary embarrass- ments of his parents prevented their educating him until he had nearly attained the age of eighteen years. In 1829 he was sent to St. Mary's College, at Emmettsburgh, and thence removed to Washington College, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated. In 1832 he studied law with Thaddeus Stevens, at Gettysburg, and after reading the usual term, was admitted to the bar. In October, 1838, he was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1840. In March, 1843, his term of service expired, and in the au- tumn of the same year he was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania. He was re-elected in 1844, and again elected in 1846. He was, subsequently, appointed Attor- ney General by Governor Johnston, and held the office un- til January 1st, 1849. He was again elected to the Leg- islature, and in 1849 was elected to the United States Sen- ate for the term of six years. Mr. Cooper was one of the committee of thirteen which framed the Compromise meas- ures. 46 47 RICHARD BRODHEAD, Senator from Pennsylvania, was born in Pike county, Pennsylvania, in 1811. He removed to Easton, in North- ampton county, and read law with Hon. James M. Porter, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature by the Democrats, and was twice re-elected. In 1843 he was elected to Con- gress without opposition, and was twice re-elected. In 1848 he declined a re-election. In 1849 he was the Dem- ocratic nominee for the ojQBce of United States Senator, but the Whigs having a majority, Hon. James Cooper was elected. In 1851 he was again the candidate of the Dem- ocratic party, and received the unanimous vote of the Democratic members of both branches of the Legislature, and was elected a United States Senator for the full term of six years. 48 49 PRESLEY SPRUANCE, Senator from Delaware, was born near Smyrna, state of Delaware, in 1785, and was bred to mercantile pursuits. In 1822 Mr. Spruance was elected a member of the Leg- islature of Delaware, and continued a member of that body for a period of twenty-five years, and was, for many years, President of the Senate. In 1847 Mr. Spruance was elected to the United States Senate for the term of six years, which term expired on the 4th of March, 1853. He is a man of much character, high principle, and of large poHtical experience ; honored by his constituents, and respected and loved by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. Spruance retired from the Senate at a ripe age, being nearly 70 years old at that time. 50 51 J. A. BAYARD, Senator from Delaware, was born at Wilmington, Dela- ware, on the 15th day of November, 1799. He was ed- ucated at Princeton College, New-Jersey, and at Union College, Schenectady, New- York, on leaving which he commenced the study of law in his native town, in the of- fice of Hon. Louis McLean. In 1836, he was appointed District Attorney by President Jackson, and held the office until the year 1843. Previous to this appointment, he had received several appointments to offices of emolument and trust, but invariably declined their acceptance. In Jan- uary, 1851, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for six years, and took his seat in that body on the 4th day of March following. 52 d-c^-^-z^ 53 JAMES ALFRED PEARCE, Senator from Maryland, was born on the 14th of Decem- ber, 1805, of a family who settled in Maryland as early as the year 1765. Mr. Pearce was educated at Princeton College, where he graduated in 1822, at the early age of sixteen, with the highest honors of his class. He studied law in Baltimore, and was admitted to the bar in 1826. He settled in Louisiana in 1828, but returned to Mary- land in 1829. He was elected to the Legislature of Ma- ryland in 1831, and to the House of Representatives of the United States in 1835. Mr. Pearce was elected to the Senate of the United States in 1813, and in 1850 was appointed, by Mr. Fillmore, Secretary of the Interior, but declined the office. 5* 54 Jj4jVi^ 55 JAMES M. MASON, Senator from Virginia, was born in Fairfax county, Vir- ginia, November 3d, 1798, and was graduated at the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1818. He was admitted to the bar in Frederick county, Virginia, in 1820, and re- turned from the same county to the House of Delegates of Virginia in 1827, and again returned from the same county in 1829 and 1830. He was a member of the Vir- ginia Convention, called, in 1829, to amend the Constitu- tion of the state, and was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives of the United States for the 25th Congress. In January, 1847, he was elected to the Senate of the Unit- ed States, and at the expiration of his term, was re-elected for six years from March 4th, 1851. 56 ^1^' ^^-^^^ 57 WILLIE P. MANGUM, Senator from North- Carolina, was born in Orange county, N. C, in 1792, and was educated at the University of the State, where he graduated in 1814, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The degrees of A. M. and LL. D. have since been conferred upon him. He was admitted to the bar in 1816, and was elected to the State Legisla- ture in 1818. In 1819, he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court of North-Carolina, which office he resign- ed in 1820, and returned to the bar. In 1823, he was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, and re- elected "in 1825. He resigned his seat in the summer of 1826, and continued the practice of law until 1828, when he was re-elected Judge of the Superior Court. In 1830, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for six years, and has been a member of that body ever since, with the exception of two years, 1838 and 1839. In 1842, he was elected President of the Senate, and serv- ed in that capacity for three years. 58 ^ ^ V5 cU^d^ 59 ANDREW PICKENS BUTLER, Senator from South-Carolina, was bom in Edgefield dis- trict, South-Carolina, in the year 1798. In 1817, he graduated with high honors at South-Carolina College, and in 1819 was admitted to the bar. He practiced law until the year 1833, when he was appointed Judge of the Cir- cuit and Supreme Court, and served in that capacity until 1846, when he was elected to the Senate of the United States. Judge Butler is a very eloquent and impressive orator, and a sound politician, looking upon every meas- ure with a clear, comprehensive eye, and weighing its im- portance as it regards its utility and general usefulness. His native state is well represented by him, and could hardly have made a better selection from among her dis- tinguished sons, to fill the honorable post he now occupies. 60 ?r^' MMll/7n7% 61 W. F. DE SAUSSURE, Senator from South-Carolina, was bom in Charleston, South- Carolina, in 1792. He resides in Columbia, the capital of the state, where he is engaged in the practice of the law. He was for many years a Representative in the State Legislature. Upon the resignation of Mr. Rhett, Mr. De Saussure was appointed, by the Governor of South-Carolina, to fill his unexpired term as United States Senator. This was originally the term of the Hon. John C. Calhoun, upon whose death Hon. F. H. Elmore was appointed, but died in about two weeks, after giving but a single vote. He was succeeded by Hon. Robert Bainwell, who resigned, and the vacancy was filled by Hon. R. Bainwell Rhett. Upon the resignation of the latter, in May, 1852, Mr. De Saussure was appointed by the Governor, and served during the remainder of the summer session. His appointment by the Governor hav- ing expired, at the meeting of the Legislature, in Novem- ber, 1852, he was elected by that body to fill the remain- der of the Senatorial term which expired on the 4th of March, 1853, the residue of the term to which the lament- ed Calhoun was elected ; thus presenting the very unusual case of five Senators in succession fiUino; the same term. 62 /^fl^. ^.Wte^-:^ 63 WILLIAM C. DAWSON, Senator from Georgia, was born in the county of Greene, in the state of Georgia, and is the descendant of one of the very first settlers of that part of middle Georgia, in the same county where he now resides. He was edu- cated at the University of his native state. The first year of his manhood, he was the Clerk of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of the State ; was twice a delegate to the convention to amend the Con- stitution ; was Senator to the State Legislature, and was elected four successive times as Representative to the Con- gress of the United States. During his service in Con- gress in 1841, he was the nominee of the Whig party for Governor, but was defeated in consequence of the vote he gave in the extra session of Congress to tax tea and cofiee. Immediately thereafter he resigned his seat in Congress. In 1845, he was appointed one of the Judges of the Su- preme Court of the State, and in 1847, he was elected a Senator to Congress. 64 <^fu>t^£--/v-, 65 ROBERT M. CHARLTON, Senator from Georgia, was born in Savannah, on the 9th of January, 1807. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in April, 1827. He was married in 1829, and represented, in that year, the county of Chatham, in the Legislature of Georgia. He held the offices of Attorney of the United States for the District of Georgia, and of Mayor of the city of Savannah, several times ; and was appointed one of the Judges of the Superior Courts of Georgia (that being then the highest judicial tribunal in the state) in December, 1835, having then only reached the age of twenty-eight years, and was appointed Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resigna- tion of the Hon. John M. Berrien, which took effect on the 1st of June, 1852. 6* 66 ^-^^^- / ^.^^^'^^.^'^^Z^-t^T.^^^t^^t^ 67 JEREMIAH CLEMENS, Senator from Alabama, was born at Huntsville, Alabama, December 28th, 1815, and educated at the Alabama Uni- versity, Tuscaloosa. Elected to the Alabama Legislature from Madison, his native county, in 1839,1840 and 1841. He went to Texas as captain of a volunteer company, in the spring of 1842, and was elected Lieutenant Colonel of Volunteers on the frontier of Texas, in July, 1842. Returned to Alabama and became a member of the Leg- islature in 1843, and Democratic elector of President in 1844. He was again elected the same year to the Leg- islature. Appointed Major of the 13th Infantry, March 3d, 1847. Promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel 9th Infantry, July 16th, 1847. By the reduction of the army at the close of the Mexican War, he was discharged from service. 68 'y^/^-r^gc^ 69 WALKER BROOKE, Senator from Mississippi, was born in Frederick county, Virginia, in 1815. At an early age he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. In 1836, he removed to Kentucky, where he taught school two and a half years. In the fall of 1839, he removed to Mississippi, where he commenced the practice of the law. In 1845, he was nominated one of the Whig candidates for Congress, on a general ticket, but failed of an election. In 1847, he was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature, and in 1850 was elected to the State Senate, but resigned in 1851. In February, 1852, he was elected to the Sen- ate of the United States, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of H. S. Foote. Mr. Brooke is one of the " seceding Whigs " who opposed Gen. Scott's election to the Presidency. 70 O-^tvv^ 71 STEPHEN ADAMS, Senator from Mississippi, was born in Pendleton district, South-Carolina, on the 17th of October, 1804. In 1806 he removed with his father, David Adams, a Baptist min- ister, to Bedford county, Tennessee, where he resided until 1812, when he removed to Franklin county, where he resided until 1834. He was elected to the office of Constable in 1827, but resigned the office and commenced the study of law, and in 1829 obtained a license to prac- tice. In 1833 he was elected to the State Senate. In 1834 he removed to Munroe county, Mssissippi. In 1837 he was elected Circuit Judge, and was twice re- elected to the same office. In 1846 he resigned his office, and in November of the same year was elected to the House of Representatives of the United States. In 1850 he was elected a member of the State Legislature ; in 1851 he was a member of the State Convention, and in 1852 was elected to the United States Senate for the term expiring March 4, 1857. \ 72 73 PIERRE SOULE, Senator from Louisiana, was born at Castillon, in the Pyr- enees, during the first consulate of Napoleon. He was destined for the church, and in 1816 was sent to the Jes- uit^s College, at Toulouse, where his abilities were marked and appreciated. He soon became dissatisfied with his situation, and, having left the college, was sent to com- plete his studies at Bordeaux, but soon left and repaired to Paris, where, in connection with Barthelemj and Mery, he estabhshed a paper advocating liberal republican senti- ments. For this offence he was sent to St. Pelagie, from whence he finally made his escape to England. From England he went to Havre, from whence he embarked to Port au Prince in 1825, and in the same year arrived in New-Orleans. Having studied law, he soon rose to emi- nence in his profession, and obtained a high reputation as an orator. In 1847 he was elected Senator from Louis- iana, to fill a vacancy, and was reelected in 1849 for a term of six years. In the Senate he has preserved his reputation as a speaker, and his oratory is rendered the more pleasing by a sHght French accent. 74 j!>-v-K~U// — 75 S. W. DOWNS, Senator from Louisiana, was born in Tennessee in 1801, and emigrated, when a boy, to Louisiana, but went back to Tennessee to complete his studies, and then entered the University of Transylvania, from whence he graduated with distinction. He was admitted to the bar in 1825. In the political canvass of 1828, which elevated Gen. Jackson to the presidency, he was distinguished by his powerful advocacy of Jeffersonian principles. He was an early advocate of Texas annexation ; a presidential elector ; and was appointed District Attorney, after which he was unanimously nominated by the Democracy, and elected to the Senate of the United States. He defended the war policy with Mexico ; advocated the admission of California, and was a member of the Compromise Committee of Thir- teen. Senator Downs, is tall in stature, and in public speaking is clear and argumentative, and his manner is vehement and impressive. 76 .-^^^^J^v^^W^^V "* 77 JACKSON MORTON, Senator from Florida, is a native of Fredericksburg, Vir- ginia, and was educated at "Washington and William and Mary's Colleges, in that state. In the year 1829, he re- moved to Florida, and engaged actively in endeavoring to develop the resources of that infant territory. In 1836, he was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature. He was returned the ensuing year, and made President of the Council. He was a member of the convention called in 1838 to form a State Constitution. From 1841 to 1845, he was Navy Agent at Pensacola. Upon the ad- mission of Florida into the Union, he was elected a Gen- eral of the militia. In 1848, he was made an Elector of President and Vice-President of the United States, and assisted in casting the first vote of the state for Taylor and Fillmore. A few weeks thereafter, he was elected a Sen- ator of the United States for six years, from the 4th of March, 1849. 7* 78 Y9 STEPHEN RUSSELL MALLORY, Senator, from Florida, is the second son of Charles Mal- lory, of Reading, Connecticut, and was born in the West Indies, in the year 1814, and came to the United States when but three months old. In 1819, he accompanied his father to Florida, and was placed at an " old field school," near Mobile, from whence he was removed to the Academy at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, where he spent several years. He returned to Florida in 1830, and estabhshed his resi- dence at Key- West, where he embraced the profession of the law, and is now one of the oldest practitioners of the common, civil, and admiralty law in South-Florida. Mr. Mallory has filled many important trusts under the state and general governments, and was Collector of the Cus- toms and Superintendent of the Revenue at Key- West, under Mr. Polk. In 1850, he was elected to the United States Senate, for the term of six years. 80 81 GEN. SAM HOUSTON, Senator from Texas, was born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, March 2, 1793. When quite young his widowed mother removed with her family to the banks of the Ten- nessee, at that time the hmits of civilization. In 1813, he enlisted in the army, and served under General Jack- son in the war with the Creek Indians, after which he re- signed his commission, and studied law in Nashville. In 1823, he was elected to Congress, and continued a member until 1827, when he became Governor of Tennessee. In April, 1836, he fought the celebrated battle of San Jacinto, in which the Mexicans were completely routed, while the Texans had but seven killed and thirty wounded. In October, 1836, he was inaugurated first President of the Republic of Texas, and in 1841 was a second time elected to the same office. In 1844, Texas became one of the states of the Union, and Gen. Houston was elected to the Sen- ate of the United States. 82 83 THOMAS J. RUSK, Senator from Texas, was born in Pendleton district, South- Carolina, on the 5th day of December, 1803. He resided in his native state until 1824, when he removed to Georgia. In 1835, he removed to Texas, and during the revolution in that country joined the army and was at the head of a company of volunteers, and was soon after made Inspector General of the regular forces. In 1836, he was elected a member of the Texan Convention, by which body he was made Secretary of War. General Houston having been disabled by a wound at San Jacinto, General Rusk was placed in command of the army as Brigadier General. In 1837, he was elected a member of the Texan Congress. In 1838, he was elected Major General, and, soon after- ward. Chief Justice of the Repubhc, which station he soon resigned, and returned to the walks of private life. When Texas was annexed to the United States, he was elected a member of the convention to form a state Con- stitution, and was made President of that body. He was elected as one of the two first Senators to the United States Senate, and in 1850 was reelected for six years, from March 4, 1851. 84 ^h-pTTl^^. 85 JOHN BELL, Senator from Tennessee, was born on the 18th of Febru- ary, 1797, near Nashville, Tennessee. He received an academical education, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. In 1817 he was elected to the Legislature of his native state, and in 1827 was elected a member of the United States House of Representatives, and was reelected from time to time until the year 1841, and was chosen Speaker of the House upon the resignation of Mr. Stephenson in 1834. In 1841 he was appointed Secretary of War under General Harrison, but resigned the office with the rest of the Cabinet, Mr. Webster excepted, when Mr. Tyler ve- toed the Bank bill without consulting the members of the Cabinet. In 1847 he was again chosen to the Legislature of his native state, and in the fall of that year was elected a member of the Senate of the United States for six years. 86 87 JAMES C. JONES, Senator from Tennessee, was born in Tennessee on the 7th of June, 1809, and was elected to the Legislature of his native state in 1839. In 1840 he was a member of the Electoral College. In 1841 he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and in 1843 was reelected to the same office. He was a member of the Electoral College in 1848, and cast his vote for Taylor and Fillmore. In 1851 he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years. 8a '^y^-l^y^ 89 H M: ^ ARCHIBALD DIXON, Senator from Kentucky, was born in the county of Cas- well, Smith-Carolina, April 2d, 1802, and removed to Hen- derson county, Kentucky, in 1805. He was admitted to the bar in 1824, and elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1830, and was a member of the state Sen- ate for four years from 1836, and again elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1841. In 1844 he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky. In 1849 he was elected a delegate to the State Convention to revise the Constitution, and in 1851 was the Whig candidate for Governor of the State, but was defeated in consequence of Cassius M. Clay being run as an independent Whig. In 1852 he was elected by the legislature of Kentucky to the Senate of the United States, to fill the vacancy occa- sioned by the resignation of Hon. Henry Clay. 90 {/^ , l^lAyc6anvtr-mr^ 91 JOSEPH ROGERS UNDERWOOD, Senator from Kentucky, was born in Goochland county, Virginia, October 24, 1791, and removed to Kentucky in the spring of 1803. He graduated at Transylvania Uni- versity, in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1811. In the spring of 1813 he was elected lieutenant of a volunteer company, and marched with Dudley's regiment. He was badly wounded, taken and sent home a prisoner of war by the defeat of that regiment opposite Fort Meigs, May 5th, 1813. In 1814 he commenced the practice of law in Glasgow, Kentucky. From 1816 to 1819 he was a mem- ber of the state Legislature. In 1820 he was a Presiden- tial elector, and voted for Mr. Clay. In 1823 he removed from Glasgow to Bowling Green, where he now resides. In 1825 and 1826 he was again a member of the state Legislature, and in 1828 appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky. He resigned the office in 1835, and was in that year elected to Congress as a Representa- tive, and continued to serve in that capacity for eight suc- cessive years, when he voluntarily retired in 1843. In 1844 he was again chosen Presidential elector, and voted for Mr. Clay. In 1845 he was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and chosen Speaker of that body. In the winter of 1846-47, he was elected to the United States Senate. 92 93 SALMON P. CHASE, Senator from Ohio, was born at Cornish, N. H., on the 13th of January, 1808. At the age of ten years, he was deprived, by death, of a father's care, and shortly after- ward sent to Ohio, and placed in the school at Worthing- ton, then under the charge of his uncle, Bishop Chase, where he remained a few years and then removed to Cin- cinnati, and became a student of Cincinnati College. He entered Dartmouth College as Junior in 1824, and was graduated in 1826, after which he repaired to Washington, D. C, and commenced the study of law in the office of William Wirt. He was admitted to the bar of the Su- preme Court of Ohio in 1830. In February, 1849, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years. As a lawyer, Mr. Chase is diligent, patient and accurate, and as an advocate he takes a high rank. 94 ty ^-^c/^^ 95 BENJAMIN F. WADE, Senator from Ohio, was born at West- Springfield, Mass., Oct. 27th, 1800, and at the age of 21, removed to Ashta- bula county, Ohio, where he read law in the office of Hon. Elisha Whittlesey. He was admitted to the bar in 1829, and in the fall of 1835, elected Prosecuting Attorney. In 1837, he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and continued in office four years. On the 2d of February, 1847, he was elected Resident Judge of the 3d Judicial district, and continued in office until March, 1851, when he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the full term of six years. Mr. Wade is a self-educated man. His father was a soldier of the Revolution, and served in the army from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. 96 97 CHARLES W. CATHCART, Senator from Indiana, was born at Funchal, Madeira, July 24, 1809. Though born abroad, he was a natural born citizen of the United States, his father and grandfather on the maternal side having served as officers in the Revo- lutionary war. The little education he received was at Cadiz, in Spain, and in the District of Columbia. At the age of twelve, he left school, and from that time until he went to the West, he went to sea and worked at the trade of a carpenter. Twenty-five years ago he went to Indiana, making the journey on foot, and settled on lands then belonging to the Pottowatamie Indians, and has re- sided there ever since. Mr. Cathcart was for three years a member of the Senate of Indiana ; an Elector of Presi- dent and Yice-President in 1844, and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 29th and 80th Congresses, and in 1852, was appointed United States Senator, to fill a vacancy, occasioned by the death of James Whitcomb. 98 99 JESSE D. BRIGHT, Senator from Indiana, was born at Norwich, State of New- York, December 18, 1812. At the age of seven years, he emigrated with his family to Indiana, where he has ever since resided. At the early age of nineteen, he was admitted to the bar. When in his 22d year, he was elected to the office of Probate Judge, which place he re- signed in 1839, on receiving the appointment of Marshal of the United States for the district of Indiana. From this office he was removed by Mr. Tyler, ten days before the annual election in 1841, and was immediately an- nounced as a candidate for the State Senate, to which office he was elected by a decided majority. In 1843, he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana, by greatly more than his party vote. In 1845, he was elected to the Senate of the United States, and was reelected in 1851, 100 101 STEPHEN ARNOLD DOUGLAS, Senator from Illmois, was born at Brandon, Vermont, April 23d, 1813. In early life he worked upon a farm, and afterward at the cabinet-making business. His health failing, he removed to Ontario county, New- York, and entered the academy of Canandaigua. Afterward he com- menced the study of law. In 1833, he left Canandaigua and went to Cleveland, Ohio, where he was taken sick. On his recovery he left Cleveland, and obtained the place of teacher of a school at Winchester, Illinois, in Decem- ber, 1833. He here opened a law oflSce, and was soon chosen, by the Legislature, State Attorney. In 1836, he was elected a member of the Legislature. He was ap- pointed Register of the Land Office at Springfield, and in December, 1840, was appointed Secretary of State of Illi- nois. In 1841, he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 1843, a member of the Congress of the United States ; in 1847, he was elected to the Senate. 102 103 JAMES SHIELDS, Senator from Illinois, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to America about 1826. In 1832, he went to Illinois, and practiced law at Kaskaskia. In 1836, he was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature, and Auditor of the state in 1839. In 1843, he was ap- pointed Judge of the Supreme Court ; and in 1845, Com- missioner of the General Land Office. At the commence- ment of the Mexican war he was appointed by President Polk a Brigadier-General in the United States army, and for his distinguished services during the course of the war, promoted to the rank of Brevet Major-General. About 1849, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years. 104 105 LEWIS CASS, Senator from Michigan, was born at Exeter, N. H., Oc- tober 9th, 1782. When he was eighteen years old, he taught school some months, and then started on foot across the Alleghany mountains, and established himself at Ma- rietta, in the northwest territory. In 1802 he was admit- ted to practice at the bar. In 1806 he was elected to the Legislature from Muskingum county. In 1807 he was appointed by Mr. Jefferson, Marshal of the United States for the District of Ohio, and remained in that office five years. In 1812 he was chosen Colonel of a regiment of Ohio Volunteers. On the 12th of July he crossed, with the army of General Hull, into Canada, and being detached on separate service, had a skirmish with the British, in which he was successful. The ensuing winter he was appointed Brigadier General in the United States Army. On the 5th of October, 1813, he was at the bat- tle of the Thames with General Harrison. In the same year he was appointed by Mr. Madison, Governor of Mich- igan, and continued in office under seven administrations. In 1 831 he was appomted Secretary of War in the Cabi- net of General Jackson. In 1836 he went to France as Minister Plenipotentiary. In 1844 he was elected to the Senate of the United States, and in 1848 was the Demo- cratic candidate for President of the United States, and resigned his seat in the Senate. He was subsequently elected to the United States Senate. 106 ^^fe^^Wy ^^ 107 ALPHEUS FELCH, Senator from Michigan, was born at Limerick, Maine, Sep- tember 28, 1806. He was fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H., and entered Bowdoin College in September, 1823, and graduated in September, 1827, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1830. He practiced law in Maine until June, 1833, and removed to Monroe, Michigan, in the August following, where he pur- sued his profession. In 1835 he was chosen a member of the State Legislature, and in the year following was re- elected. In February, 1838, he was appointed a Bank Commissioner, which office he held until March, 1839, when he resigned it. In February, 1842, he was ap- pointed Auditor General of the state. He continued in this office one month, when he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court. In the summer of 1845 he was elected Governor of the state. In February, 1847, he was elected to the Senate of the United States for the term of six years, and, having resigned the office of Gov- ernor, took his seat in the Senate on the first Monday of December, 1847. 108 109 SOLON BORLAND, Senator from Arkansas, was born in Nasemond county, Virginia, on the 8th of August, 1811. Removed to North- Carolina in 1823, and into western Tennessee in 1836. In 1843 he went to Arkansas. In May, 1846, he raised a company for the Mexican War. January 23d, 1847, he was taken prisoner at Encainacion by Gen. Minon. On the 1st of August he made his escape. He was at the taking of Chapultepec, Churubusco, San Cosmos and the city of Mexico. He returned home in December, 1847, and on the 1st of April, 1848, was appointed by the Gov- ernor of Arkansas to the United States Senate, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the appointment of A. H. Sevier, Commissioner to Mexico. His credentials were presented on Monday morning, by Hon. Chester Ashley, Senator from Arkansas, who was taken ill the next day, and died in the course of the week. On the next Monday morning Mr. Borland performed the melancholy duty of announc- ing the death of Mr. Ashley, and pronouncing a eulogy upon his character. Mr. Borland was subsequently elected to the Senate for six years from March 4th, 1849. 10 110 Ill AUGUSTUS C. DODGE, Senator from Iowa, was born at St. Genevieve, west of the Mississippi, on the 2d of January, 1812. He removed to Wisconsin with his father, Henry Dodge, in 1827. He resided in that territory eleven years, and helped defend its frontiers, as a private, in the Winnebago and in the Black Hawk wars of 1827 and 1832, in Wisconsin and northern Illinois. Appointed Register of the Land Office at Burlington, Wisconsin, June 20th, 1838, and in 1840 elected to the lower House of Congress, to which he was reelected four times. Mr. Dodge did much to effect the admission of Iowa into the Union in 1846, and in 1848 he was chosen one of the first Senators from that state, and during the short term, was reelected at the same ses- sion of the Legislature for six years. 112 113 GEORGE WALLACE JONES, Senator from Iowa, was born at Vincennes, Indiana, April 12th, 1804, and was educated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, where, under the guardianship of the late Henry Clay, he graduated with distinguished honors in 1825. In 1827, he removed to Sinsinawa Mound, Wisconsin, and engaged in the mercantile and smelting business. As early as 1828, he purchased lead ore of the Sac and Fox Indians upon the spot where the city of Dubuque now stands. In 1832, he was aid-de- camp to Gen. Henry Dodge in the Black Hawk war, and in 1833 was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Wisconsin. In 1835, he was elected delegate to Congress from Michigan Territory, and was reelected in 1837. He was appointed Surveyor General to Iowa in 1840, and at the end of one year was superseded by General James Wilson of New Hampshire, but was reapppointed by Mr. Polk in 1845. In December, 1848, he was elected to the United States Senate for the term which expired on the 3d of March, .1852, and in the fall of the same year was reelected for the full term of six years. lO* 114 115 HENRY DODGE, Senator from Wisconsin, was born at Vincennes, Indiana, Oct. 12, 1782. He was raised in Kentucky, and at an early age removed to Missouri. In the war of 1812 he commanded the troops raised for the defence of Missouri, having been appointed, by President Madison, Brigadier General. In 1827 Gen. Dodge removed to Wisconsin, and commanded the mounted forces in the Winnebago dis- turbance, and in the Black Hawk war of 1832, and beat Black Hawk's followers in several desperate engagements. At the conclusion of this war, he was appointed, by Gen. Jackson, Colonel of 1st Regiment of Mounted Dragoons, which he led on two long and successful campaigns to the Mexican frontier and the Rocky mountains, in 1834-35. In 1836, appointed Governor of Wisconsin by Gen. Jack- son, and reappointed, at the end of three years, by Mr. Van Buren. Removed by John Tyler, and immediately elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, in which he served four years. Appointed Governor of Wisconsin by Mr. Polk, in 1845. On the admission of Wisconsin into the Union, he was elected to the United States Sen- ate in June, 1848, and in 1852, at the expiration of the term, he was reelected for six years. 116 117 JOHN B. WELLER, Senator from California, is a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, and is now forty-two years of age. He was edu- cated at the Miami University. At the age of twenty-one he was elected prosecuting attorney for the county of But- ler, and held the office until his election to Congress in 1838. He was a member of the House of Representa- tives for six years. Upon the breaking out of the war with Mexico, he was elected Lieutenant Colonel of the 1st regiment of Ohio volunteers, and served under General Taylor at the battle of Monterey. In January, 1849, he was appointed by President Polk, under the treaty of peace. Commissioner to run and mark the boundary line between the United States and Mexico, for which office he was dismissed by the Whig administration in 1850. In January, 1852, he was elected to the Senate of the United States, from California, for the term of six years. 118 119 WILLIAM M. GWIN, Senator from California, was born in Sumner county, Ten- nessee, October 9th, 1805. He was educated for the medical profession, and took his degree as M. D. at the Transylvania University, Kentucky, in March, 1828. In 1831 he removed to Mississippi, where he practiced his profession until 1833, when he retired from it, having been appointed Marshal of the state by General Jackson. On the election of General Harrison to the Presidency, he re- signed his oflBce, and became a candidate for Congress, and was elected. He declined a reelection, and soon after removed to New-Orleans, where he was appointed Com- missioner to superintend the building of the new Custom House. In March, 1849, he removed to California. He was elected a member of the Convention to form a State Constitution, and on the assembling of the first Legislature under the new Constitution, was elected United States Senator.