Library of the University of North Carolina Endowed by the Dialectic and Philan- thropic Societies. [NMAN, TREET, ta, for sale, on as i any other countryj i I THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL ENDOWED BY THE DIALECTIC AND PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES E15U .M562 UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL 00018075137 ^y.^2 Caae. tfielf r •• - < t I This book is due at the LOUIS R. WILSON LIBRARY on the last date stamped under "Date Due." If not on hold it may be renewed by bringing it to the library. DATE R£T DATE DUE ~~r . ■ - - " WMW,,B ™~" i LB 1 z! r a*. ACCOMPANIMENT MITCHELL'S REFERENCE AND DISTANCE MAP UNITED STATES; i CONTAINING AN INDEX OF ALL THE COUNTIES, DISTRICTS, TOWNSHIPS, TOWNS, &c, IN THE UNION; TOGETHER WITH BY WHICH EIDERS; ANY COUNTY, DISTRICT, TOWNSHIP, Set., OR RIVER, MAY BE FOUND ON THE MAP, WITHOUT DIFFICULTY : ALSO, A GENERAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES; AN ACCOUNT OF THE ACTUAL A>"D PROSPECTIVE INTERNAL I3IPROVE- 3IENTS THROUGHOUT THE UNION : THE WHOLE, IN CONNEXION WITH THE MAP, ILLUSTRATING THE GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND STATISTICS OF THE UNION, IN A MORE COMPLETE AND SATISFACTORY MANNER THAN F; j< ((eel, HAS BEEN HITHERTO ATTEMPTED. PHILADELPHIA : ^2. PUBLISHED BY MITCHELL AND HINMAN, No. 6, NORTH FIFTH STREET. 1834. TJtrarT. !f. C, Entered, according to the act of Congress, in the year 1834, by Mitchell & Hinman, in the clerk's office of the district court of the eastern district of Pennsylvania. CONTENTS Preface Consulting- Index of Counties, Districts, Parishes, Townships, Hundreds, and Towns Consulting Index of Rivers Table, showing the distance from Washington to the capital, or largest town, of each State; also, from each capital, or largest town, to each of the others, General View of the United States ; Soil, and Productions ; Minerals, Indians, Agriculture, Manufactures, Commerce, Fisheries, Revenue, and Expendi- tures ; Public Debt, Army, Navy, Government, State Governments, Education, Religion, Post-Office, Rates of Postage, Public Lands, Popu- lations, Apportionment of Representatives -, . 5 General View of Population of Counties,'&c, Internal ) " ( Improvements, and Principal Stage Routes, ..... \ New Hampshire do Vermont do Massachusetts do Rhode Island do Connecticut do New York do New Jersey do k Pennsylvania do Delaware do Maryland do District of Columbia do Virginia do North Carolina do South Carolina do Georgia do Florida Territory do Alabama do Mississippi do Louisiana do J . . . . Arkansas Territory do Tennessee do Kentucky, do Ohio do Michigan do Indiana do Illinois do Missouri do Missouri Territory do Oregon Territory do • do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. • do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. Ouisconsin Territory (Carver's Tract) do . PAGE 5 9 159 176 177 205 208 210 213 218 221 224 234 239 247 249 254 256 262 267 270 274 277 281 284 287 289 294 298 305 308 312 316 318 320 322 « PREFACE. To trace the features, develope the resources, and record the improvements of any portion of the earth, has been always regarded by those desirous of possessing general information, as a topic worthy of peculiar attention ; and to no portion of mankind do these subjects present more interesting views, than to the citizens of the United States. Occupying a vast region, yet but partially explored, and operating on a system of internal improvements on a grander scale than any other people, they are marching forward to national greatness, with a rapidity unexampled in the annals of the world. These circumstances have caused works which illustrate the geography, topograph}', and statistics of the Union, to be regarded with general attention ; and, not unfrequcntly, to be liberally patronized. This Accompaniment, together with the Map to which it is an appendix, is respectfully offered by the publisher to his fellow-citizens, under the persuasion, that (together) they will be found to contain a greater amount of useful geographical, topographical, and statistical information, than any similar work hitherto published in the country. A principal object intended in the compilation of the Map, is the representation of all the local and civil divisions of the different States, so arranged as to connect with the census of 1830, as published by authority of Congress. This object has been strictly kept in view ; and it is believed, that the location of every civil division in the Union is exhibited on the Map: and, in the Consulting Index, the name, with the popu- lation of each, will be found in its proper place, according to alphabetical arrangement. In the Index, many towns, and also several counties, will be found without the numbers of the population annexed. In the case of the latter, this has occurred in consequence of their having been organized since 1830; and, in the former, the deficiency is owing to the want of a uniform system in the manner of taking the census. The subdivisions, into which the several States of the Union are divided, are styled counties, with the exception of the States of South Carolina and Louisiana : in the former, they are termed, districts; and, in the latter, parishes. In the six New England States, and also in the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and the Territory of Michigan, the counties are subdivided into townships ;* in Dela- ware, into hundreds; and, in South Carolina, the districts of Charleston, Colleton, and Beaufort, arc subdivided into parishes ; but, in the rest of the States, no such subdivision as that of township is known, except in Arkansas Territory ; which circumstance was not, however, noticed in the census. In the States above specified, whose counties are subdivided into townships, the population in each township is given ;f with the addition, that, in Ohio, the numbers, in a majority of the towns and villages, are also stated in the census ; and, in the State of Delaware, the amount is given by hundreds. From these data, the aggregate amount of the respective counties has been made up. In all the other States, the census was taken by counties, reckoning the districts of South Carolina, * In the New England States, the subdivisions of the counties, although precisely similar to the townships of New York, New Jersey. &c, are styled towns. t In Pennsylvania, the population of Jefferson, Lycoming. Pike, and Potter counties, is given in the census, without distinguishing that of the townships into which they are divided: and, in Huntingdon county, the population of twelve townships is given, in a hodv." under the designation of John B. Mick's share of Huntingdon county. In the State of Indiana, the population of the townships in seventeen counties only is given, of sixty-three, into which the State was divided in 1830. PREFACE. and the parishes of Louisiana, divisions of the same nature. In Kentucky, however, the greater part of the towns and villages are given, in addition to that of the counties. The absence of an alphabetical arrangement in a considerable portion of the census of 1830, as published by authority, was productive, in the formation of the Index, of a vast increase in the amount of the labor and perplexity, always attending works of that kind. The endless pluralities of the names of places in the United States, is well known ; and is the cause, in numerous instances, of great perplexity ; especially, to men of business, in the receipt and transmission of letters, &,c. This will be at once evident, when it is known, that, on the map, and consequently in the United States, there are 100 counties, towns, &c. bearing the venerated name of Washington ; 79, of Jackson ; 73, of Franklin ; 66, of Jefferson ; and, in fact, an unceasing repetition of the names of all our popular public men, and Revolutionary patriots ; a circumstance proving, however, that the services of distinguished public men have a strong hold on the affections of the. people of the United States. The Index and Map will, it is believed, obviate, in a majority of cases, difficulties of this kind, by determining, at once, the county and State in which the place sought for is located ; which could not be, perhaps, ascertained, without the assistance of such a work, except at the expense of considerable time and trouble. The distances, in miles, attached to the different towns, &c. from Washington city, and from their respective State capitals, will to all persons be interesting ; and, to many, more or less useful. They are derived from the most authentic source in the country, viz. the General Post Office ; for assistance in which respect, the publisher is particularly indebted to Colonel Gardner, of that department. The Index of Rivers, and the plan adopted for ascertaining their respective places in the Map, are now introduced in a work of this kind, for the first time ; the utility of which, we think, will be obvious to every one who has ever had occasion to consult a map. The plan and the limits prescribed for this work, preclude any but the most brief geographical details. Those introduced in the general view of the Union, and in the individual States, are adopted more for the purpose of classifying the topographical and statistical information considered necessary for elucidating and increasing the utility of the map, than with any expectation of adding new facts, or of exhibiting any views in addition to those found in the numerous geographical publications already before the public. The statements, with regard to the Canals and Rail-Roads, are made in reference to their present condition, as nearly as information could be obtained. The activity, and even enthusiasm, displayed, of late, in the United States, on this subject, and the rapidity with which new works and schemes of this kind are created, render it almost impossible for any one, whatever may be his means of information, to keep pace with what is daily springing into existence, in every part of the Union. The Stage Routes, introduced under the heads of the respective States, will, it is presumed, be found of considerable utility, by those who may be desirous of ascertain- ing the various actual lines of communication throughout the different parts of the Union. These are also represented on the Map, and may be easily traced, being distinguished in the engraving from the common roads. The distances, in miles, are likewise attached to them, except in cases where their introduction was found to con- flict with the names of towns, &c. already engraved. In all such, the printed Routes will supply the deficiency. Although the number of Stage Routes given amount to nearly 400, it is not pretended these present a complete view of this branch of topography. PREFACE. 7 There are, doubtless, some small linqs of communication, in different parts of the Union, of which information could not be obtained : altogether, however, they present a more extended and complete system, than has yet been brought, in one mass, before the public. Errors in orthography, both on the map and in this work ; contradictions in statistics, and in the statements of distances ; may possibly, naj^, probably will be, found. To deny this, would be presumption. Such exist, more or less, in works of the very highest character. From persons of candor and discrimination, however, due allowance is expected. When, in addition to the compiling, combining, and engraving the map, it is stated, that the articles in the Consulting Index alone number almost ten thousand; that, for a majority of these, the amount of the population was extracted from an ill- arranged and inconvenient document ; and the distances are stated, both from Wash- ington and from the capital of each State, respectively ; that the Index of Rivers amounts to near a thousand articles, for every one of which, the length, of course, was ascertained; and, when to the above we add, the various items of information given in the General View of the United States, and in the individual States ; it is evident, that a great amount of labor has been performed. It is believed, that much has been added in the Map, and in this work, and combined with the geography of the country; that many new counties and towns have been there embodied ; and that they contain some corrections of similar, and respectable works. On the whole, as a convenient work of reference, extended in its detail Beyond any thing of the kind heretofore published, and, to some extent, original ; we hope, and confidently believe, that it will prove both useful and valuable to those who will have occasion to consult it. The gentlemen who have already so liberally patronized the work, will perceive that the terms of the prospectus have been exceeded. The whole of the vicinities given on the Map, are additional ; together with the various items of information, in the General View of the United States, and in the individual States, and the numerous travelling routes, &c. In fact, the publisher can confidently assert, that no pains have been spared, no labor abridged, and no remuneration withheld, to make the whole worthy the confidence of the public. CONSULTING INDEX. To ascertain the position of any Place mentioned in the Index, observe the letters annexed to it in the fifth column : then find the corresponding letters on the top or bottom and sides of the Map ; from these letters pass the eye along the ranges due north or south and east or west, until they intersect. In the square in which they meet, the place sought for will be found. Abbreviations. — Maine, Me. ; New Hampshire, N. H. ; Vermont, Vt. ; Massachusetts, Mas. ; Rhode Island, R. I. ; Connecticut, Ct. ; New York, N. Y. ; New Jersey, N. J. ; Pennsylvania, Pa. ; Delaware, Del. ; Maryland, Md. ; Virginia, Va. ; North Carolina, N. C. ; South Carolina, S. C. ; Georgia, Geo. ; Alabama, Al.; Mississippi, Mi.; Louis- iana, La. ; Tennessee, Ten. ; Kentucky, Ken. ; Ohio, O. ; Indiana, In. ; Illinois, II. ; Missouri, !llo. ; District of Columbia, D. C. ; Arkansas Territory, A. T. ; Florida Ter- ritory, F. T. ; Michigan Territory, M. T. ; Missouri Territory, Mo. T. Court House, C. H. ; Post Office, P. O. ; Fort, Ft. ; Port and Point, Pt. ; Mount, Mt. ; Township, tsh. ; County Town, c. t. ; Town, t. The first column of the Index contains the names of places ; — the second column designates the class to which they belong ; — the third column shows the counties in which towns, &c. are situated ; — the fourth column points out the States in which counties, towns, &c, are placed ; — the fifth column contains the reference letters, which correspond with the letters on the top and bottom and sides of the Map ; — the sixth column contains the population of counties, towns, &c, according to the census of 1S30 ; — the seventh column contains the distances in miles of townships and towns from Washington City; — and the eighth column designates the distances from town- ships, towns, &c, to the capitals of their respective States. The single letters in the first column, attached to some of the names, signify that those places are represented on the Map by the letters attached to them : this occurs only in those cases where the space on the Map was not sufficient to admit of the name being written at length. The capital letters represent townships, and the small letters stand for towns. CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Aaronsburg, ABBEVILLE, Abbeville, Abbot, Abbyville, Abingdon, Abingdon, A . Abingdon, Abingdon, Abington, Absecum, ACCOMACK, Acquia, Acquackanonck, . ..A . Acre Town, Acton, Acton, B. Acton, A . Acworth, Adams, Adams, ADAMS, Adams, ADAMS, ADAMS, Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, A. Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, Adams, ADAMS, Adamsburg, Adamsburg, Adams Town, Adamsville, Adamsville, ADAIR, Adairville, Addison, ADDISON, Addison, Addison, County, tsh. and t. t District, t tsh. tsh. and t. County, . . tsh County, . . County, . tsh tsh tsli tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh. .. . tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, County, County, t tsh Centre, , Abbeville, Somerset, Mecklenburg, Plymouth,- . . . Montgomery, , Harford, Washington,.. Luzerne, .... Gloucester, . . . County. Stafford, Essex, Columbiana, York, Windham, . . Middlesex, . . Sullivan, Berkshire, . . . Jefferson, . . . Lycoming, . Champaign, . . Dark, Guernsey, .... Monroe, Muskingum, Seneca, Washington, . Carroll, Decatur, Madison, . . . Morgan, ... . Parke, Ripley, Union, Westmoreland, Lancaster, . . . Frederick, . . . Marlboro', . . . Logan, Washington, Addison, . . . Steuben,. . . , State. Pa. S.C. s. c. Me. Va. Mas. Pa. Md. Va. Pa. N.J. Va. Va. N.J. O. Me. Vt. Mas. N.H. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Mi. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. In. In. In. In. In. In. 111. Pa. Pa. Pa. Md. S.C. Ken. Ken. Me. Vt. Vt. N. Y. Ref. Letter* Qf LI LI Ya Pj Xd Sf Rg Mj Se Tg SI Qh Tf Nf Xc Vc Wd Vc Ud Re Qg Qe Co Kh Kf Jf Mf Mg Mf Ke Mg Hf Ig If Hg Gg Ig Cg Qf Of Rf Qg 01 11 Hj Azb Ub Ub Qd Popula- tion. 28,149 ' '465 2,423 1,524 1,330 16,656 7,710 42 1,398 176 1,128 1,397 2,649 2,995 21,379 14,937 12,281 342 528 736 325 540 285 489 2,186 8,217 741 24,940 1,396 944 D. fr. Wash. 196 534 677 227 433 146 60 385 245 205 42 224 308 522 444 431 452 384 398 187 465 494 322 288 328 434 319 671 566 553 600 640 539 170 198 133 48 398 721 735 493 290 D. fr. Cap. ~88 100 76 126 20 108 52 304 137 95 80 58 11 98 93 21 44 126 149 '78 68 94 75 145 50 98 93 98 48 33 28 68 75 60 176 46 82 110 181 13£ 65 225 10 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Addison, Addison, A. , Addison, Adelphi, Adrian, Aid Aikenville, Air, Alabama, ALACHUA, Alachua, C. H. Alaqua, Alban y, Albany, ALBANY, ALBANY, Albany, : Albany,' ALBEMARLE,.... Albion, | Albion, Albion, Albion, Alburgh, A : Alden, : Aldie, Alexander, , Alexander, , Alexander, , Alexander, ALEXANDER, . . , Alexandria, A. Alexandria, Alexandria, Alexandria, ALEXANDRIA,.., i Alexandria, : Alexandria, Alexandria, Alexandria, Alexandria, ! Alexandria, Alexandria, Alexandriana, P. O. . Alford, A. Alfred, ... I Alfred, ALLEGAN, i ALLEGANY, ALLEGANY, ALLEGANY, ALLEGHANY, .... Allegheny, Allegheny, Allegheny, Allegheny, Allegheny,-. Allegheny, Allen, Allen, A. Allen, Class. tsh tsh tsh t t tsh t tsh tsh County, c. t c. t t t County, Capital, tsh tsh County, t c. t tsh c. t t tsh t t tsh t tsh County, . . . . t tsh. and t.. . tsh. and t.. . t County, . t . t t t t. Putnam, . t t tsh County, County, . County, , County, County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh h tsh tsh tsh tsh County. Somerset, . . Gallia, Shelby, Ross, Lenawee, .. Lawrence, . Barnwell, .. Bedford, . . . Genesee, . . . Alachua, . . Walton, . . . Oxford, Orleans, . . . Albany, . Berks,. . . Bradford, Kennebeck, . . Orleans, Oswego, Edwards, .... Grand Isle, . . Erie, Loudon, Washington, . Genesee, Buncombe,. . . Athens, ... . Grafton, .... Jefferson, . . . Hunterdon, . Huntingdon, Alexandria, . Rapides,. . . . Smith, Scioto, Callaway, .... Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Berkshire, . . . York, Allegany, .... Armstrong, . . . Cambria, Huntingdon, . . Somerset, Venango, Westmoreland, Allegany, Cumberland, . . Northampton, . . State. Pa. O. In. O. M.T. O. S. C. Pa. N.Y. F. T. F. T. F. T. Me. Vt. N.Y. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Va. Me. N.Y. N.Y. II! Vt. N.Y. Va. Me. N.Y. N. C. O. II. N.H. N.Y. N.J. Pa. D.C. D.C. La. Ten. O. II. Mo. Mo. N.C. Mas. Me. . N.Y. M.T. N.Y. Pa. Va. Md. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Ref. Letter: Lh Ig Lg Je Lh M m Qg Pc Lq Lq Hp Xb Vb Ud Ud Sf Re Ph Yb Pc Re Fh Ub P d Qh AZa Pd Lk Lg Ei Wc Sb Tf Pf Qh Qh Bo Hj Kh Ee Bh Cg Nk Ud Xc Qd Id Pd Nf Oi Og Of Pf Pf Pg Oe Of Pd Rf Sf Popula tion. 1,165 66: 1,141 276 1,517 819 2,204 387 683 53,520 24,209 1,129 284 22,618 1,393 669 1,239 1,25 336 2,331 880 1,390 1,083 1,523 3,042 9,573 8,241 512 1,453 1,476 26,276 37,964 2,816 10,609 2,966 844 2,058 506 596 2,058 898 2,337 2,106 D. fr. Wash. D. fr. Cap. 168 356 575 389 502 389 562 93 383 875 1,011 587 568 "376 164 227 620 3S9 369 733 556 383 41 798 371 523 350 506 442 189 155 1,246 661 422 842 969 919 411 354 513 314 205 188 158 151 282 216 326 107 194 159 102 30 46 73 119 60 70 257 '178 161 58 45 64 116 24 257 143 92 79 272 149 196 247 269 79 32 190 35 97 272 53 92 178 11 10S 155 140 86 244 173 142 120 129 215 190 244 16 101 CONSULTING INDEX. 11 Names of Places. ALLEN, ALLEN, Allen, ALLEN, Allen's Ferry, P. O. Allen's Hill, Allenstown, Allensville, Allenton, Allenton* or K. IVest, Allenton, Allenton, Allen Town, Allen Town, Aleppo, Alloway's Town, .... Almond, Alna, . Alsace, .... . .... Alstead, Alton, Amanda, Amanda, Amanda, Amanda, Amber, Amboy, Amboy, Amboy Perth, Amboy, South, AMELIA, Amelia C.H. Amenia, America, Ames, Amesbury, . A. Amherst, Amherst, Amherst, AMHERST, Amherst C.H. Amherst, AMITE, Amity, Amity, A . Amity Amity, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Amwell, Amweli, Ancram, ANDERSON, Anderson C.H. ANDERSON. ANDERSON, Anderson, A. County, . County, tsh Count}', Clas c. t. t. .. t. .. t. . . c. t. tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. t tsh t t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t tsh tsh. and t. tsh County,. . c. t tsh. c. t. tsh. t. .. t t tsh County, e. t tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh t tsh. and t. t t tsh tsh tsh. and t. District. . c. t County,. . County, . . tsh Countv. Union, Warren, Ontario, Merrimack, . . Todd, Montgomery, . Monroe, Wilcox, Greene, Monmouth, . . Lehigh, Greene, Salem,. ..... Allegany, . . . Lincoln, .... Berks Cheshire, . . . Strafford, . . . Greenup, . . . Allen, Fairfield, .... Hancock, . . . Onondaga, . . Onondaga, . . Oswego, .... Middlesex, . . Middlesex, . . Amelia, Dutchess, Alexander, . . . Athens, Essex, Hillsborough,. Hampshire, . . Erie, Amherst, Lorain, . . Allegany, Berks, Erie, Washington, . Montgomery, . Bottetourt, . . , Hindes, Hunterdon,. . , Washington, . Columbia, Anderson, . . . Hamilton,. State. Ken. O. O. In. Ten. N. Y. N. H. Ken. N. C. F. T. Al. Ken. N.J. Pa. Pa. N.J. N. Y. Me. Pa. N. H. N. H. Ken. O. O. O. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. N.J. Va. Va. N. Y. II. O. Mas. N. H. Mas. N. Y. Va. Va. O. Mi. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. N. Y. Va. Mi. N.J. Pa. N. Y. S. C. S. c. Ten. Ken. O. Ref. Letters Hj "f Kf Ie Ik Qd Wc Gj Nk Go' Ii Tf Sf Ng Sg Qd Yb Sf Vc Wc Lh Jf Lg Ke Rd Re S c Tf Tf Qi Qi Ue Ei Xd Wd Vd Pd Oi Oi Le Co Pd Sf Oe Nf Td Oi Dn Tf Nf Ud LI LI Jj Jh J ff Popula tion. I D. fr. Wash. 6,485 578 262 996 481 1,544 838 1,804 1,1 1,943 1,559 1,983 168 1,594 126 669 879 3,782 11,036 2,389 857 2,445 1,649 2,631 2,485 12,071 552 7,934 872 1,37 33 3,354 7,385 1,733 1,533 17,169 5,310 4,520 2,410 441 640 353 475 723 426 1,454 931 610 177 178 244 1 314 599 148 444 500 418 380 509 366 150 35 212 211 169 327 850 333 464 448 382 386 180 385 329 146 329 241 400 240 1,075 176 240 364 550 D.fr- Cap. 45 76 213 13 183 161 560 132 75 11 85 237 71 240 20 57 45 26 142 36 121 139 141 148 46 45 47 93 181 85 37 26 82 283 136 137 255 72 268 228 30 181 40 17 227 51 129 487 120 * Allenton is situated on Key West, or Thompson's Island, one of the Florida keys, for which see the supplementary map of Florida. 12 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Anderson, Anderson, Anderson, Anderson, Andersonton, Andersonville, Andes, Andover, Andover, Andover, Andover, Andover, Andover, * Angelica, ANNAPOLIS, Annapolis, Annapolis, a . Ann Arbour, Ann Arbour, ANN ARUNDEL, . Annsburgh Annsville, Annville, A. Anson, ANSON, Antes, Antrim, Antrim, Antrim, Antwerp, Appalachicola, Appleton, APPLING, Applington, Appoquinimink, Apulia, Arcadia, Arcadia, Archer, ARENAC, Argyle, ARKANSAS, Arkansas, Arkport, Arkwright, Arlington, Arlington, Armagh, Armagh, ARMSTRONG Armstrong, Armstrong, Arnoldton, ASCENSION. Ashboro 1 , Ashburnham, Ashby, ASHE, Asheville, , Ashfield, Ashford, tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. tsh. and t. tsh. ' tsh tsh. and c. t, Capital,. . . . t County, . County, . tsh tsh. c. t. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh tsh tsh. and t. t County, c. t. . . . Hundred, t tsh tsh. ...... tsh County, . . tsh. and t. County, . . c. t. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh County, . tsh tsh t Parish, c. t t County, c. t. County. Madison, Perry, Rush, Warrick, Madison, Anderson, Delaware, Oxford, Merrimack, . . . Windsor, Essex, Alleghany, .... Ashtabula, Alleghany, Ann Arundel, . . Harrison, Jefferson, Washtenaw,. . . Washtenaw, . . . Washington, . . Oneida, Lebanon, Somerset, Huntingdon,.. . Hillsborough,. . Franklin, Crawford, Jefferson, Franklin, Waldo, Columbia, . . . New-Castle, . Onondaga,.. . Wayne, Kalamazoo,.. Harrison, . . . Washington, Arkansas, Steuben, Chautauque, . . . Bennington, . . . Tioga, Indiana Mifflin, State. Ref. Letters Indiana, Vanderburg,. Campbell, . . . Randolph,. , Worcester, Middlesex, . Buncombe, Franklin, . . Windham, . In. In. , In. In. In. S. C. N. Y. Me. N. H. Vt. Mas. N. Y. O. N. Y. Md. O. O. M. T. M. T. Md. Me. N. Y. Pa. Me. N. C. Pa. N. H. Pa. O. N. Y. F. T. Me. Geo. Geo. Del. N. Y. N. Y. M. T. O. M.T. N. Y. A. T. AT. N. Y. N. Y. Vt. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. In. Va. La. N. C. Mas. Mas. n;c. N. C. Mas. Ct. L f Hh Ig Gi Lf LI Td Xp Wc Vc Wd Qd N e Pd Rh Mf Nf Kd Kd Rg Azb Sc Rf Yb Nk Pf Wc Qg Kf Sh iq Yb Lo L m Sg Rd Qc Id Mf Kc Uc CI CI Qd Od Uc Rd Of Qf Of Of Gh Oi Cp Ok Wd Wd Mj Lk Vd Ve Popula tion. 315 266 1,860 399 1,324 975 4,530 598 414 998 2,623 68 156 28,295 D. fr. D. fr. Wash. Cap. 565 668 540 720 561 552 354 612 496 455 446 306 302 32 37 284 276 538 535 1,481 2,736 2,532 14,095 207 1,309 3,829 139 2,412 708 412 129 639 735 1,468 1,061 3,901 1,586 3,450 1,426 1,064 315 926 1,207 2,132 17,625 2,966 5,426 1,402 1,240 6,987 1,732 2,660 177 454 430 435 991 626 602 106 329 344 640 284 423 1,064 31 362 426 294 175 172 513 396 362 45 143 53 193 41 138 90 61 22 87 19 252 194 256 130 137 41 42 110 112 19 40 119 38 62 164 95 35 93 16 124 190 144 120 46 114 240 324 106 151 141 65 199 167 715 160 219 141 345 72 420 54 426 47 259 105 27 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Ashford, Ashland, ASHTABULA, .... Ashtabula, Ashville, Ashville, Aspalaga, . Assawaman, ASSUMPTION,.... Aston, A . Asylum, Athens, Athens, A. Athens, Athens, Athens Athens, Athens, Athens, Athens, ATHENS, Athens, Athens, Athens, Athens, Athoi, Athol, Atkinson, Atkinson, A. Atlas, ATTAKAPAS, .... Attica, Attica, Attleborough, Attleborough, Attlebury, Atwater, Atwater's Falls, Auburn, Auburn, Auburn, Auburn, Auburn, Auburn, AUDRAIN, AUGUSTA, Augusta, Augusta, Augusta, A . AUGUSTA, Augusta, Augusta, Augusta, Augusta, Augusta Springs, Auraria, Aurelius, Aurelius, Auriesville, Aurora, Aurora, tsh. t. .. County, | . . tsh. and t.. c. t. Parish, tsh. . . . tsh. . . . t tsh. and t. tsh tsh t County, tsh. and c. t. tsh t tsh. County, . . . tsh. and t. tsh. and c. t, tsh tsh tsh t County, .... t. and capital tsh. and t. . . tsh County, . c. t tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. Cataraugus, Richland, . . Ashtabula, . Chatauque, St. Clair,... Gadsden, . . Accomack, Delaware. . . Bradford, . . Somerset, . . Windham, . Greene, Bradford, .. . Crawford,. . Clark, Limestone, . . McMinn, . . , Fayette, Athens, Harrison, . . . St. Clair, . . . Sangamon, . . Worcester. . . Warren, Penobscot, . . Rockingham, Pike, Genesee, Fountain, Bristol, Bucks, Dutchess, Portage, St. Lawrence, . Cayuga, Susquehanna,. . Geauga, Richland, Oakland Lincoln, Kennebeck, . Oneida, Sussex, Northumb'rland Richmond, . . . Perry, Bracken, .... Columbiana.. . Augusta, .... Lumpkin, .... Cayuga, Washington, . . Montgomery,. , Erie, Cayuga, , Ref. Letter 14,584 1,632 9,787 1,691 1,463 1,325 909 418 554 2,492 '3,215 531 4,486 516 428 56 2,131 19,926 1,081 2,767 337 B 14 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Aurora, Aurora, Aurora, Austerlitz, Austinburg, A. Austin Town, AUTAUGA, Averasboro', Averill, Avery's Gore,. . . . D. Avery's Gore,. . . . B. Avon, Avon, Avon, Avon, AVOYELLES, .... Babylon, Bachelder's Grant,. . . Bachelor's Ret'rt., P.O. Bailey ville, A . Bainbridge, Bainbridge, North, . . Bainbridge, South, . . Bainbridge, Bainbridge, Bainbridge, Bainbridge, Bainbridge, Bainbridge, Bainbridge, BAKER, Baker, A. Bakersfield, Bald Eagle, Bald Eagle, A. Baldwin, BALDWIN, BALDWIN, Baldwinsville, Ballston, Ballsville, Baltimore, A. Baltimore, BALTIMORE, Baltimore, Baltimore New, Baltimore, Baltimore, b . Bangor, Bangor, Banister Town, Baptisttown, BARBOUR, Barbourville, Barboursville, Barboursville, . Barber's, , Bardstown, Bargaintown, Baring, Barker, tsh. t. .. t tsh tsh tsh County, t Class. Portage, . . Dearborn, . Clark, .... Columbia, . Ashtabula. Trumbull, tsh tsh Parish, . t dt... t tsh t t t c. t t tsh t tsh t County, . tsh t tsh. tsh t County, , County, t County. Cumberland, . Essex, Addison, Franklin, Somerset, Hartford, Livingstone, . Lorain, Suffolk Oxford, .. .. Pickens, Washington, , Chenango, . . , Chenango, . . Chenango, . . , Lancaster, . . Decatur, .... Franklin, . . . Geauga, .... Ross, Dubois, Girardeau, . . Morgan, .... Franklin, . . . Centre, Lycoming, . . Cumberland, tsh. and c. t. tsh Hundred. County, . City t. . . t. tsh. t. .. County, . c. t c. t t t c. t t t tsh Onondaga, Saratoga, . Sandusky, Windsor, . Sussex, . . . Baltimore, . Fauquier, . . Blount, . . . Fairfield, . . Penobscot, . Franklin, . . Halifax, . . . Monmouth, Knox, Cabell, Orange, Fauquier, . . . Nelson, Gloucester, . . Washington, Broome, .... State. Ref. Letters o. In. II. N. Y. O. O. Al. N. C. Vt. Vt. Vt. Me. Ct. N. Y. O. La. N. Y. Me. S. C. Me. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Geo. Al. O. O. In. Mo. Geo. In. Vt. Pa. Pa. Me. Geo. Al. N. Y. N. Y. O. Vt. Del. Md. Md. Va. Al. O. Me. N. Y. Va. N.J. Al. Ken. Va. Va. Va. Ken. N.J. Me. N. Y. Me Jg Gg Ud Ne Ne Hn Pk Wh Vb Vb. Xb Ve Qd Le Bo Uf Xb K i AZa Sd S d Sd Rf Jo Gi Me Kg Hh Ei Jo Hg Vb Qe Qe Xc K m Gp Re Ud Ke Vc Sh Rg Rg Qh G m Lg Zb Tb Pj Tf Io Kj Lh Ph Ph Ii Tg AZa Sd Popula- tion. 781 2,245 771 1,259 11,874 D. fr. Wash. 1 33 22 745 1,025 2,362 558 3,484 124 189 3,038 439 279 411 1,253 1,087 831 947 7,295 2,334 2,113 264 179 2,176 120,870 80,620 469 2,867 1,076 138 1,629 159 328 527 703 357 335 297 D. fr. Cap. 131 102 134 30 185 162 322 596 497 561 631 325 347 374 36 110 43 48 40 10 220 149 260 568 563 816 323 322 318 103 848 805 333 422 770 841 608 548 212 204 551 355 406 423 448 128 38 45 769 374 661 516 217 219 533 393 105 126 606 200 811 307 190 95 158 214 110 111 115 18 206 li.2 136 63 132 223 35 51 105 97 80 147 29 98 84 61 30 122 89 30 66 221 127 53 122 344 76 63 55 90 209 139 CONSULTING INDEX. 15 Names of Places. Barkhamstead, Barlow, Barnard, Barnardstown, Barnegat, Barnet, BARNSTABLE, . . . Barnstable, BARNWELL, Barnwell, C. H. Barnstead, Barnsville, Barr, Barre, Barre, Barre, Barre, BARREN, Barrington, Barrington, Great, . . . Barrington, A. Barrington, A. Barry, A. BARRY, Bait, A. BARTHOLOMEW, BartJettj Barton, Barton, Bartonville, Baskenridge, Batavia, Batavia, Batavia, Batavia, Batavia, Batesville, Bath, Bath, Bath, Bath BATH, Bath, Bath, BATH, Bath, Bath, Bath, Bath, BATON ROUGE, E. BATON ROUGE,W. Baton Rouge, Battle Town, Baughman, Bay, Bayard's Town,* .... Bazetta, Bazil, a . tsh. t. .. Litchfield, . Washington, Windsor, • . . Franklin, . . . Dutchess, . . Caledonia, . . County, . District, . t tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh tsh County, . t t. ...... Barnstable, . . Barnwell, . . . Strafford, . . . Belmont, . . . Daviess, Washington, Worcester, . . Orleans, Huntingdon, tsh. and t tsh County,. . tsh County, . . t t tsh t t tsh. and c, t. t tsh c. t tsh c. t t t t tsh. and c. t County, .... c. t t County, .... tsh tsh tsh tsh Parish, Parish, c. t t tsh tsh Borough,. . . tsh t County. Stafford, . . Berkshire, Bristol, Yates, .... Schuylkill, Lancaster, Coos, Orleans, .... Tioga, Gasconade, . . . Somerset, Genesee, Greene, Clermont, Clermont,. . . . Geauga, Independence, Lincoln, Grafton, Renssalaer, . . Steuben, Morgan, . Beaufort, Allen, . . . Green, . . Medina, . Franklin, State. Ct. o. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Vt. Mas. Mas. S. C. s. c, N. H. O. In. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Ken. N. H. Mas. R.I. N. Y. Pa. M. T. E. Baton Rouge. Frederick, Wayne, Sandusky, • . . . Allegany, Trumbull, Fairfield Pa. In. N. H. Vt. N. Y. Mo. N.J. N. Y. N. Y. O. o. o. A. T. Me. N. H. N. Y. N. Y. Va. Va. N. C. Ken. O. O. O. In. La. La. La. Va. O. O. Pa. O. O. Ref. Letters Ve Mg Vc V d Ue Vb Xe Xe Mm Mm W c Mf Gh Vb Vd Pc Qf Ii Wc We Qd Rf Id Hg Wb Vb Rd Ch Tf Pd Td J? Jg Me Ck Yc Vb Ud Qd Oh Pg Rk Kh Jf Jg Me Jg Cp Bn Cp Qg Mf Ke Nf Ne Popula- tion. 1,715 452 1,881 918 1,764 28,514 3,974 19,236 2,047 408 D. fr. Wash. 349 314 455 403 297 529 D. fr. Cap. 23 96 87 91 79 43 466 2,012 2,503 4,768 1,770 15,079 1,895 2,264 612 1,354 443 1,750 5,476 644 729 982 4,264 1,712 426 336 3,773 1,628 3,387 4,002 8,799 410 1,534 374 6,698 3,084 1,231 149 2,118 539 73 562 492 297 666 521 399 386 170 499 349 402 320 182 110 556 568 260 945 213 370 349 476 476 320 1,044 576 523 374 299 93 318 509 452 344 520 1,237 59 346 442 302 3 68 62 18 128 128 5 61 260 93 33 135 8 193 75 54 79 45 181 35 47 244 44 109 109 164 102 37 81 1 216 186 138 112 56 123 82 117 160 115 117 162 32 city. Bayard's Town Borough is in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, anil is considered a suburb of that 16 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Beach Creek, Beatsville, Bean Blossom, Bean's Station, P.O.. Bear, Beard's Town, Bearficld, Bear Town, BEAVER, Beaver, Big-, Beaver, Little, Beaver, North, Beaver, South, Beaver, ' Beaver, Beaver, Beaver, Beaver, Beaver, Beaver, Beaver Creek, Beaver Creek, Beaverdam, BEAUFORT, Beaufort, BEAUFORT, Beaufort, Beccaria, Becket, Beckham ville, P. O... Beckwith's, Beech Hill, P. O Beddington, Bedford, Bedford, Bedford BEDFORD, , Bedford, Bedford , BEDFORD, Bedford, BEDFORD, Bedford Bedford Bedford, Bedford, Bedford, Bedminster, A Bedminster, A Beekman, Beekman, Beclersville, Belchertown, ...... Belfast, Belfast, \ Belfast, Belfast, Belford, P. O Bel font, Belgrade, I Belgrade, tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. County, . tsh Greene, Washington, Monroe, Grainger, . . . Venango, . . . Morgan, Perry, Caroline, . . . tsh tsh tsh. ... borough tsh tsh t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh tsh tsh County, t. ..".. District, t tsh t tsh. and c. County, . . tsh borough, . County,. . County, t tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . c. t. . . . tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. . . t. .. Beaver, Beaver,. . . . Beaver, Beaver, Beaver, Crawford, . . . Union, Union, Columbiana,. Guernsey, . . Pike, Venango, . . . Green, Erie, Carteret, . Beaufort, .... Clearfield, . . . Berkshire, . . . Chester, Scott, Jackson, Washington, . Hillsborough,. Middlesex, . . . West Chester, Bedford, Bedford, Richmond, . t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. c. t. Oldham, Coshocton, . , Cuyahoga, . Meigs, Lawrence, . , Somerset, . . . Bucks, Clinton, Dutchess,. . . Escambia, . Hampshire, , Waldo Allegany, . . Bedford, . . . Newberry, . Nash, Jackson, . . . Kennebeck, Pope, . . State. In. Pa. In. Ten. Pa. U. O. Md. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. O. O. O. Pa. O. Pa. N. C. N. C. S. C. S. C. Pa. Mas. S.C. Mo. Ten. Me. N. H. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. Geo. Ten. Ken. O. O. O. In. N.J. Pa. N. Y. N. Y. F. T. Mas. Me. N. Y. Pa. S. C. N. C. Al. Me. II. Ref. Letters Hg Nf Hg Ki Oe Df Lg s? Nf Nf Nf Nf Nf Nf Ne Qf Qf Nf Mg Lg Oe] J g Nd Rk Ri MN Nn Pf Ud Ni Ej Ij AZa Wd Wd Ue Pf Pf Pf Oi L m Hk Lh Lf Me Lg Hh Tf Sf Ub Ue G P Vd Zh Pd P? Mi P.J Hi Yb Fi Popula- tion. D. fr. D. fr. Wash. Cap. 671 24,183 1,293 1,825 1,892 829 914 185 2,280 1,325 1,488 717 471 1,504 443 10,969 37,032 "434 1,063 1,563 685 2,750 24,502 1,369 869 2,024 30,3.96 104 896 406 266 1,453 1,595 2,391 1,584 2,491 3,0' 743 1,3 1,375 21S 637 474 293 862 353 84 264 254 275 259 251 318 169 169 295 315 401 259 463 325 '383 629 lj 365 479 890 664 709 456 436 268 118 126 5S4 574 352 342 349 633 211 171 544 317 1,040 383 641 333 98 506 255 686 605 810 206 42 241 220 140 61 47 240 232 243 237 229 257 59 59 165 98 68 192 67 258 166 163 122 113 50 273 66 111 18 13 135 "96 105 "94 53 68 149 88 73 45 102 167 73 232 76 40 262 78 58 62 172 10 192 CONSULTING INDEX. 17 Names of Places Bellair, Belle Air, Bellbrook, Bellefonte, Bellefontaine, , Bellefontaine, , Bellefontaine, , Bellefontaine, Bellehaven, Belle Plain, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleville, Belleview, Bell field, Bell's Landing, P. O.. Bellsville, a . Bellingham, Bellona, , Belmont, , Belmont, Belmont, BELMONT, Belmont, Belpre, Belton, P. O Belvedere, , Belvedere, Belvidere, Belvidere, Bemis, Bengal, Benedict, Bennetsville, Bennetvillc, BENNINGTON, .. . Bennington, Bennington, Bennington, Bennington, Bensalem, Benson, Bentleyville, Benton, Benton, BENTON, Benton, Benton, Bergen, BERGEN, Bergen, , BERKELEY, Berklev, A, BERKS, Berkshire, , Class, c. t. t. .. t. . . borough c. t. c. t. County, t tsh. . . . c. t. Count)', . t tsh tsh tsh tsh t t tsh tsh County, . c. t Harford, Lancaster, . , Green, Centre, ... . Baldwin, . . . Logan, . St. Louis, . . . Washington, Accomack, . . Stafford^ Jefferson, . . . Mifflin Wood, Conecuh, . . . Davidson, . . , Boone, Hopkins, Richland, . . . St. Clair, . . . Calhoun, c. t. tsh. and t. County, . . tsh Countv, .. t. ....".. . County, . . County. bussex, . Monroe, Monroe, Norfolk, Ontario, Waldo, . Wayne, Wayne, Belmont, Washington, Fairfield, . . . Perquimans, . Franklin, . . . Allegany, . . . Warren, . . . . Chautanque,. Dutchess, . . . Charles, St. Clair, Marlboro', . . Bennington,. Genesee, Delaware, . . . Licking, Bucks, Rutland, Halifax, Cattaraugus, Yates, Yazoo, . . . Scott, Genesee, . . , Bergen, . Bristol, . . Franklin, State. Md. S. C. o. Pa. AI. O. Mo. Mo. Va. Va. N. Y. Pa. Va. Al. Ten. Ken. Ken. O. II. II. Va. Al. O. Mas. N. Y. Me. Pa. Mi. O. O. O. S. C. N. C. Vt. N. Y. N.J. N. Y. N.Y. Md. Al. S. C. Vt. Vt. NY. O. O. Pa. Vt. Va. N.Y. N.Y. Al. Mi. Mo. N.Y. N.J. N.J. Va. Mas. Pa. Vt. Ref. Letters Nl J IT Qf Gp Kf Dh Dh Si Qh Re Qf Mg Go Gj Jh Gi Lf Dh £s Qj G o Mg W d Qd Vb Se Fo Mf Mf Mg Nl Rj Vb P d Sf Od Ue Rh Hm 01 Uc Ud Pd Lf Lf Tf Uc Pj Pd Qd Im Dn Ei Pc Te Tf Qg We Rf Vb Popula tion. 189 698 266 173 50 1,102 1,042 28,627 132 1,036 185 17,468 3,419 2,224 490 551 1,811 1,493 3,95: 1,508 22,412 4,651 10,518 907 53,152 1,308 D. fr. Wash. 61 425 462 192 1,024 458 860 908 226 58 395 169 314 959 737 518 758 389 843 946 184 93^ 304 405 33' 635 27; 99; 288 316 D. fr. Cap. ^53 91 66 85 232 62 139 120 194 70 169 314 193 23 6t 220 62 71 146 62 136 150 27 186 34 173 11 119 111 556 330 210 335 49 735 406 414 363 395 389 15: 46? 230 315 322 1,075 883 368 222 419 560 42 259 54 338 54 142 102 120 256 31 38 119 84 115 300 187 64 236 241 56 37 64 B2 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. BERKSHIRE, .... Berkshire, Berkshire, Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, , Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, , Berlin, , Berlin, , Berlin, Berlin, # . Berlin, Berlinville, Bernard, B. Berne, Berne, Berne, Berne, Bernsville, Berrien, BERRIEN, Berrysville, Berrytown, BERTIE, Berwick, Berwick, A.. Berwick, Eethabara, Bethany, Bethany, Bethel, Esthel, Bethel, Bethel, Bethel, Bethel, Bethel, B. Bethel, B. Bethel, Bethel, Bethel, Bethel, Bethel, Bethinia, Bethlehem, Bethlehem, Bethlehem, Bethlehem, A. Bethlehem, A. Bethlehem, East,. .B. Bethlehem, West, .G. Bethlehem, Bethlehem, A. Bethlehem, Bethlehem, Bettsburg, Beula, Class County,. tsh tsh t t t tsh. and t. t t tsh tsh. and t. tsh tsh t t tsh tsh tsh. and t. tsh tsh t t County, . . . t t County, . . . t tsh t tsh borough, t t t tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh t tsh t tsh tsh t tsh. and t. . tsh tsh tsh tsh u tsh tsh tsh t Tioga, Delaware, . . . Oxford, Coos, Washington, . Worcester, . . . Hartford, .... Rensselaer, . . Somerset, .... Worcester, . . . Delaware, . . . Holmes, Knox, Tr.umbull, . . . Sangamon, . . . Northampton, Somerset,. . . . Berks, Albany, Athens, Fairfield, .... Berks, Dooly, Knox, . Kent, . York, Adams, Columbia, . . . Stokes, Genesee, Wayne, Oxford, Windsor, Ontario, Sullivan, Bedford, Berks, Delaware, . . . Lebanon, Amherst, Clark, Clermont,. . . . Miami, Posey, Stckes, Grafton, Litchfield, . . . Albany, Hunterdon, . . Northampton, Washington, . Washington, . Southampton, Coshocton, . . . Stark, Clarke Chenango, . . . Cambria, .... state. Mas. N. Y. O. Me. N. H. Vt. .Mas. Ct. N. Y. Pa. Md. O. O. 0. o. II. Pa. N.J. Pa. N. Y. 0. O. Pa. Geo. M.T. In. Del. N. C. Me. Pa. Pa. N.C. N. Y. Pa. Me. Vt. N.Y. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. O. O. o. In. N. C. N. H. Ct. N.Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. Va. O. O. In. N.Y. Pa. fief. Letter Ud Rd Lf Xb Wb V b W d Ve Vd P? Sli Kf Mf Lf Me Eg S f Tf Rf Td Mg Lg R r' Kn He Gh Sg Qj Xc Re * T J Pd S e Xb Ve Q d Te Pg Rf Sg Rf Oi Kg Jh Jg Gi Nj Wb Ue Ud Tf Sf Nf Nf Qj Mf Mf Ih Sd Pf I Popiila tion. 37,835 1,711 1,057 476 73 1,664 692 3,03 2,019 645 597 520 73J 2.062 2,153 3,60 233 1,388 325 12,262 3,168 1,417 2,374 32 1,620 1,677 D.fr. Wash. 1,192 1,208 1,491 36 1,604 1,726 340 1,366 673 906 6,082 2,032 2,430 2,602 2,048 412 8S6 290 392 634 585 520 409 325 388 157 150 414 333 384 302 803 192 213 150 37 341 365 155 739 679 102 501 87 196 344 365 265 593 491 338 294 129 144 111 139 192 450 477 456 728 350 542 318 381 194 184 210 217 213 346 329 592 320 180 10.3 36 86 118 241 162 63 36 187 129 96 34 85 29 146 54 110 60 167 122 100 36 12 36 91 203 210 91 92 114 101 119 133 CONSULTING INDEX. 1!) Names of Places. Bevansville, Beverly, Beverly, BIBB, BIBB, Biddcford, ■ Big Beaver, Big Bone Lick, P.O. A Big- Flats,... Big Island, Big Lick, Big Lick, Big River Mills, P. O. Bigbyville, Billerica, Billsburg, Bingham, Bin Flat Rock, P. O Flat Rocks FLEMING, Flemingsburg, County, . tsh tsh County, . tsh County, . County, . County, . t County, . County, . County, . tsh. : . . County, . County, . t. tsh t Parish, Parish, t t tsh. t. .. County, . County. Prince Edward, York, , Kennebeck, . Chautauque,. Seneca, Allegany, Jefferson, . . , t tsh County, .... t tsh tsh c. t t tsh c. t tsh tsh tsh. ....... tsh. and t.. . t tsh tsh t tsh t tsh. and c. t tsh Lawrence, Howard, .... Fauquier, . . . Cumberland, Fa)'ette, .... Fayette, .... Washington, Lincoln, .... Brown, Washington, Washington, Dorchester, . Graves, Clermont, Cumberland. Madison, . . . Essex, Centre, Juniatta, Nassau, Addison Iowa, Bottetourt, . . Allegany, Washington, . Washington, . Hancock, Merrimack, . . Columbia, . . . Dutchess, Worcester, . . . Huron, Cheshire, Kings, Kings, Christian,. . . . Bartholomew, Kershaw, Somerset, State. Crawford, Va. Va. Pa. Me. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Va. Geo. Al. Mi. Ten. Ken. O. O. In. II. Mo. Va. N.C. Geo. Al. A. T. Ten. O. Vt. o. Md. La. La. Ken. O. Va. N. Y. Ten. Vt. Pa. Pa. FT. Vt. M. T. Va. Pa. Pa. Pa. O. N. H. Pa. N. Y. Mas. O. N. H. N. Y. N. Y. Ken. In. S. C. Pa. Ken. A. T. Ilef. Letters Pi Qh Kg Xb Od Rd ?g Nf Mi J m Fm Co Ek Jh Kg Lh Ig Eg Bg Qh Pk J m F m ZAj Hk Kg Vb Mg S h C P Do Fj Jh Pi Sd Jj Wb Qf Qf Mp Ub Dd Oi Nf Nf Ke Vc Re Ue Wd Le Vd Uf Uf Gj Ig Nl Gg Kh Ak Popula- tion. 26,086 785 1,049 3,126 29,172 2,301 2,051 3,547 8,652 25,098 8,182 621 9,112 2,704 32 449 617 8,247 8,629 199 2,017 2,784 1,743 1,432 1,822 1,327 1,219 1,218 301 79 568 8,292 2,169 338 1,229 1,143 596 13,449 D. fr. Wash 159 81 598 367 330 234 1,127 1,017 57 347 700 874 1,285 722 463 510 312 99 839 48, 135 36 576 183 150 776 498 984 235 243 249 251 502 470 199 288 419 388 429 230 220 767 581 464 180 1,177 D.fr. Cap. CONSULTING INDEX. 51 Names of Places. Flemingsburg, Flemington, Fletcher, Fliming, Flinn, Flint Hill, Flintstone, Florence, Florence, Florence, Florence, Florida, Florida, Florida, Florida, Florida, Florida, Florisant, Flourtown, Flowerfield, Floyd, FLOYD, FLOYD, FLOYD FLOYD, Floydsburg, Flushing, Flushing, FLUVANNA, Foglesville, Fire-Place, ■. Fordsville, Fordsvilie, Forks, FORSYTH, Forsyth, Fort Adams, Fort Ann, Fort Argyle, Fort Armstrong, .... Fort Barrington, .... Fort Brady, Fort Chartres, Fort Coquilles, or Pike Fort Covington, Fort Covington, Fort Crawford, Fort Crawford, Fort Dale, Fort Dearborn, Fort Early, Fort Edward, Fort Gadsden, Fort Gaines, Fort Gratiot, Fort Howard, Fort Jackson, Fort Jackson, Fort Jefferson, Fort Massac, Fort Miller, Class. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. c. t. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. t tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, County, County, County, t tsh. and t. tsh. and t. County, . . tsh. ... County, c. t tsh. and t. tsh. and t. Fleming, Hunterdon, . . Franklin, Cayuga, Lawrence, . . . Culpeper, Alleghany, . . . Oneida, Lauderdale, . . Boone, Huron, Berkshire, . . , Montgomery, . Orange, Escambia, . . . Mobile, , Park, St. Louis, Montgomery, . St. Joseph, . . . Oneida, Jefferson, Queens, . Belmont, Lehigh, Suffolk...... Cumberland, Marion, .... Northampton, Monroe, .... Wilkinson, . . Washington, Bryan, Mcintosh, . . , Chippeway, . , Monroe, Orleans, Franklin, Franklin, . . . Conecuh, . . . Crawford, . . . Butler, Cook, Lee, Washington, Franklin, . . . Early, St. Clair, .... Brown, Montgomery, Plaquemines, McCracken, . Pope, Washington, State. Ken. N.J. Vt. N. Y. In. Va. Md. N. Y. Al. Ken. O. Mas. N.Y. N. Y. F. T. Al. In. Mo. Pa. M. T. N.Y. Va. Geo. Ken. In. Ken. N.Y. O. Va. Pa. N.Y. Va. Mi. Pa. Geo. Geo. Mi. N. Y. Geo. Mo. T, Geo. M. T. II. La. N.Y. N.Y. Al. M. T. Al. II. Geo. N.Y. F. T. Geo. M. T. M.T. A]. La. Ken, II. N. Y. Ref. Letters Kh Tf V b Rd Hh Ph Pg Sc Gl Jh Le V d Td Te Gp Fo Gn Dh Sf I d Sc Nj II Li Ih lb. Uf Mf Pi Sf Vf P i Do Sf Jl Jrn Co Uc Mn De Mo De Dh E P Tb Tb Go Cc Ho G e Jo Uc iq Io Ld Gb Hn Eq Ej Fi Uc Popula- tion. 642 793 1,461 964 62 760 454 2,851 1,699 4,347 6,361 2,820 1,662 8,221 1,989 3,200 2,901 1,816 D. fr. Wash. 498 82 539 336 618 91 199 423 796 507 395 390 404 260 1,035 996 654 872 146 634 394 570 237 291 176 291 136 1,115 190 702 1,204 435 677 937 712 882 883 1,162 518 524 988 1,060 904 763 760 424 940 849 597 1,037 866 1,278 847 792 416 D. fr. Cap. 79 23 56 160 76 128 152 121 146 70 127 123 34 111 227 189 82 133 109 142 100 37 263 122 76 217 51 138 101 60 170 58 152 174 356 117 31 217 223 223 145 230 118 47 73 207 71 511 113 75 309 192 39 52 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. (fort Mims, ,. . . . J Fort Mitchell, Fort Montgomery,. . . | Fort Osage, ! Fort Plain, | Fort Scott, Fort Seneca,. ....... Fort Smith, . . . f Fort Snelling, Fort St. John, Fort St. Leon, Fort St. Phillip, Fort Strother, Fort Valley, Fort Wayne, Fort Williams, Fort Winnebago, .... Foster, FOUNTAIN, Four Corners, Fowler, Fowler, Fowlersville, Fox, Fox, Foxborough, B . Foxcroft, Framingham, Francestown, ...,C. Franconia, Franconia, C. Frankford, Frankford, Frankford, Frankford, Frankford, Frankfort, Frankfort, Frankfort, Frankfort, FRANKFORT Frankfort, Frankfort, Franklin, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, , sh County, . tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. . . tsh. tsh. t. . . tsh borough, . t , tsh. and t. t Capital, , c. t. . . . c. t. County, . t County, . t County, tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . . tsh tsh tsh Baldwin,. . . . Russell, .... Baldwin, . . . Jackson,. . . . Montgomery, Decatur, .... Seneca, Crawford,. . . Orleans, Jefferson, . . . Plaquemines, St. Clair Crawford, . . . Allen, Talladega, . Brown, Providence, Rensselaer, . . , St. Lawrence, , Trumbull, . . , Livingston, . Clearfield, . . . Columbiana,. Norfolk, Penobscot, . . , Middlesex, . . Hillsborough, Grafton, .... Montgomery, Sussex, Beaver, Cumberland, Philadelphia, Pike Waldo, Herkimer, . . Greenbriar, . Hampshire, . Franklin, . . . Clinton, .... Franklin, . . . Hancock, . . . Merrimack, . Franklin, Norfolk, .... New London, Cattaraugus, Delaware, . Oneida, .... Bergen, .... Gloucester,. , Somerset, . . . Adams,. . Alleguny, Bradford, State. Al. Al. Al. Mo. N. Y. Geo. O. A. T. M.T. La. La. La. Al. Geo. In. Al. M. T. R. I. In. N. Y. N. Y. O. N. Y. Pa. O. Mas. Me. Mas. N. H. N. H. Pa. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Mo. Me. N. Y. Va. Va. Ken. In. II. Me. N. H. Vt. Vt. Mas. Mas. Ct. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. N.J. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Ref. Letter? Fo In Fo ZAg Td Jp Ke Z Ak Ab Dd Dq Eq Hm Jn Ie Hm Fc We Gf Ud Sb N e Qd Pe Mf Wd Ya Wd Wc Wb Sf Te Nf Qf Sf eg Zb S c Ni ?g Jh Hf Fi Zb Wc Vb Vb Vd Wd Ve Tb Pd Sd Sd Te Sg Tf Qg Qg Nf Re Popula- tion. 490 2,672 7,619 1,447 629 437 919 1,165 677 2,313 1,541 447 998 1,996 1,275 1,633 2,487 2,620 1,682 382 1,370 24,52.5 1,129 29,501 1,662 1,196 11,312 2,7S6 3,449 1,574 3,352 35,037 1,588 638 583 D. fr. Wash. 9»2 772 983 1,220 401 873 437 1,303 1,305 1,197 1,210 1,283 737 717 561 839 1,090 376 D. t'r. Cap. T90 209 192 168 60 231 94 235 401 454 309 361 227 285 412 678 413 460 543 171 233 254 121 141 951 658 389 273 124 551 623 808 689 492 556 410 362 324 342 373 240 150 188 85 236 248 CONSULTING INDEX. 53 Names of Places. Franklin, C. Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, C FRANKLIN, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, FRANKLIN, FRANKLIN, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, FRANKLIN, , Franklin, , FRANKLIN, Franklin, , Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, B. Franklin, tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, B. Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, FRANKLIN, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, Franldin, Franklin, Franklin, Franklin, , Franklin, FRANKLIN, FRANKLIN, Franklin, Franklinton, Franklinton, b. Franklinton, Franklinville, , Franklinville, , Frankstown, , tsh tsh County, . c. t County,. c. t County, . c. t County, County, County, c. t. County, . c. t County, . c. t County, tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh. and c. t tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, County, t tsh. c. t. tsh. and t. County. Fayette, , Greene, , Huntingdon, . , Lycoming, Venango, Westmoreland, York, Pendleton, . Macon, Heard, Henry, Franklin, . . St. Mary's,. Williamson, Simpson, Adams, Brown, Clermont, . . . Columbiana, Coshocton, . . Franklin, . . . Jackson, .... Knox, Licking, .... Monroe, .... Portage, .... Richland, . . . Ross,. Stark, Warren, .... Wayne, .... Floyd, Harrison, . . . Hendricks, . . Henry, Johnson, .... Marion, .... Montgomery, Owen, ..... Putnam, . . . Ripley, Washington, Howard, .... Franklin, . . . Warren, Washington, Cattaraugus, Lowndes, . . . Huntingdon, State. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. Va. N. C. N. C. Geo. Geo. F. T. Al. Al. Mi. Mi. La. Ten. Ten. Ken. Ken. O. O. O. O. O. o. ; o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. II. Mo. Mo. O. O. La. N. Y. Geo. Pa. Kef. Letters Of Ng Pf Re Oe Of Qf Oj Oh Pj K k Kl Im iq Gl Io Co Co Cq Hk Hk Jh Hj Kg Kg Kh Jh Mf M f Kg Lg Lf Lf Mg Me Lf Mf Lf I? I h Hh Hg Ig Hg u Hf Gg Hg Ig Ih Fi Ch Bh Kg J? Dp Pd Kp Pf Popula tion. 1,465 2,347 410 2,168 1,003 14,911 10,665 10,107 11,078 ' 4,622 15,620 9,257 282 14,741 1,302 945 2,032 1,219 485 1,057 739 800 938 382 803 1,080 739 797 2,269 1,132 10,190 D. ft. Wash, 204 229 161 203 279 214 100 171 '587 762 850 1,081 329 4,083 3,484 331 87 903 1,149 1,344 732 705 451 479 486 291 336 399 389 392 355 307 326 387 410 338 481 340 602 608 598 528 593 562 611 625 613 541 603 1,021 397 481 1,150 324 829 172 D. fr. Cap. 181 222 103 93 212 186 14 171 333 143 238 115 141 18 165 87 98 123 149 82 3 81 116 36 127 133 78 53 119 84 79 119 120 26 57 20 9 38 57 40 80 89 53 1 84 81 279 187 114 •s* 54 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Frank Town, Frankville, Frazeysburg, Frederica, Fredcrica, Frederick, FREDERICK, ... Frederick, Frederick, FREDERICK, . . . Fredericksburg, .... Fredericksburg, .... Fredericksburg 1 , Fredericksburg, .... Fredericksburg, .... Frederick Town, . . . Frederick Town, . . . Fredonia, Fredonia, a Fredonia, Frecburg, . . : Freedom, Freedom, Freedom, Freedom, Freehold, Freehold, Freeman, Freeport, Freeport, Freeport, Freeport, c Freetown, Freetown, French Creek, , French Creek, , French Creek, , Frenchtown, , French Town, Frenchtown, French Town, Freystown, Friedensburg, Friends' Settlement, . Friends' Settlement, . Friendship, B. Friendship, Friendship, Friendsville, Frog Town, Front Royal, Frostburg, Fruitstown, Fryeburg, Fugit, Fulton, Fulton, Fulton, Fulton, Fulton, E. Fulton, t tsh County,, t c. t. County, c. t. c. t. c. t. t. ., tsh. t. ., tsh. t. ., tsh. and c. t. t tsh. and t. t t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. and t. t tsh. tsh. t, ., tsh. tsh. County. Northampton, Chenango, . . . Muskingum, . Kent, Glynn, Montgomery, . Cecil, .... Frederick, Spotsylvania, . . Gallatin, Washington, . . Wayne, Washington, . . Knox, Madison, Chautauque,. . . Licking, Crawford, Union, Waldo, Cattaraugus, . . Baltimore, Portage, Greene, Monmouth, . . . Somerset, Cumberland, . . Armstrong, . . . Harrison, Warren, Bristol, Cortlandt, Chautauque,. . . Mercer, Venango, Bradford, Cecil, Monroe Morfroe, York, Schuylkill, .... Cattaraugus, . . Erie, Lincoln, Allegany, Ann Arundel, . Susquehanna,. . Lancaster, .... Frederick, .... Alleghany, .... Columbia, .... Oxford, Decatur, Oswego, Schoharie, .... Rowan, Tipton, Hamilton, Fountain, State. Va. N. Y. O. Del. Geo. Pa. Md. Md. Md. Va. Va. Ken. Ken. O. In; O. Mo. N. Y. O. In. Pa. Me. N. Y. Md. O. N. Y. N.J. Me. Me. Pa. O. O. Mas. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Md M. T. M. T. Pa. Pa. N. Y. N. Y. Me. N. Y. Md. Pa. Pa. Va. Md. Pa. Me. In. N. Y. N. Y. N. C. Ten. O. In. Eef. Letter; S l Sd Lf s g Mo Sf Qg Sg Qg Pg Q h Jli I i M f Hh Lf Di Od Lf Hh Rf Yb Pd Rg Me Td Tf Xb Xc Of Mf Jg We Rd Od N e Ne R e Sg K e Ke Rg Rf Od Od Yc Pd Rh Re Rg Ph Pg Re Xb Ig Re Td Nk Dk Jg Gg Popula tion. 16 1,047 45,789 4,427 26,046 3,308 161 1,421 867 1,505 342 5,481 724 2,623 D. fr. Wash 1,191 1,909 1,051 420 45 1,070 634 1,502 1,352 1,604 1,089 233 340 343 109 735 160 56 548 610 337 620 382 894 360 373 632 157 620 336 58 328 352 201 646 559 225 297 463 424 317 335 293 279 258 86 493 491 88 161 343 361 618 325 77 283 100 75 142 205 548 550 367 381 379 910 494 656 D. fr. Cap. 185 118 51 13 202 78 66 54 59 89 103 52 170 315 33 122 47 29 269 50 141 47 36 62 36 197 107 78 41 140 355 226 212 147 78 36 35 23 51 307 295 53 266 40 184 41 139 175 96 75 55 160 42 138 213 109 83 CONSULTING INDEX. 55 Names of Places. I FULTON, Fulton, Fulton, P. O Funk's Town, Furnace, P. O GADSDEN, Gaines, Gainesboro\ Gainesboro', d . Gaines y. Roads, P. O, Gainsville, Gainesville, Galen, Galena, Gallatin, Gallatin, Gallatin, GALLATIN, GALLATIN, GALLIA, Gallipolis, Galloway, Gallupville, Galveston, Galway, Gambier, Gardiner, Gardiner, Garland, GARRARD, Garrattsville, GASCONADE, .... Gasconade, Gasper, Gates, GATES, Gates, C.H. Gayville, GEAUGA Geddesburg, b . Geneseo, Genesee, GENESEE, Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Genoa, Genoa, Georges, D . Georgesville, Georges ville, , Georgetown, , Georgetown, , Georgetown, , Georgetown, Georgetown, George Town, George Town, George Town, George Town, George Town, County, . t County, . . tsh. and t. t tsh t tsh t tsh c. t t County, County,. . . . County, tsh. and c. t tsh t t County. tsh t t t t County, . t County, . t. ... tsh tsh County, t County, t tsh. and c. t. tsh County, . . . t tsh tsh tsh. and t. . tsh tsh t t t tsh t t t t c. t t t t, Callaway, . . . Sumpter, Washington, Spartanburg, Orleans, . . . Jackson, . . . Warren, . . . Boone, .... Genesee, . . . Hall, Wayne, . . . Jo. Daviess, Columbia,;. . Copiah, .... Sumner, . . . Gallia, Gloucester,. . . . Schoharie, Iberville, Saratoga, . Knox, Kennebeck, . . . Worcester, Penobscot, Otsego, Gasconade,. Preble, Monroe, . . . Gates, . . . Marengo, Onondaga, . Livingston, Allegany, . . Ontario, .... Ashtabula, . . Jennings, . . , Cayuga, ... Delaware, . Fayette, .... Yazoo, .... Franklin, . . . Lincoln, . . . Madison, . . Lancaster, . Mercer, ... Northumberl'nd Kent, Sussex, Kent, Washington, Culpeper, . . . Stat" II. Mo. S. C. Md. S. C. F. T. N. Y. Ten. O. Ken. N. Y. Geo. N. Y. II. N. Y. Mi. Ten. Ken. II. O. O. N.J. N. Y. La. N. Y. O. Me. Mas. Me. Ken. N. Y. Mo. Mo. O. N. Y. N. C. N.C. Al. O. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. O. In. N.Y. O. Pa. Mi. O. Me. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Del. Del. Md. D. C. Va. Ref. Letter Df Bh Nm Qg Mk Jp Pc Ij Jg Jh Pd Jl R c Dd Ud Do Hj Ih Fi Lh Lh Tg Td Cp Tc Lf Yb Wd Ya Ji Sd Ch Ch Jg Qc Rj Rj Fn Me Re Qd Pd Pd Qd Me |g Rd Lf Og Dn Kg Yc Sd Rg Ne Rf Sg Sh Sg Qh Qh Popula- D. fr. tion. Wash. 1,841 4,895 1,833 37 1,934 3,631 1,588 9,254 7,405 9,733 1,093 2,960 2,710 220 3,709 1,023 621 6,674 1,545 824 1,631 7,866 15,813 2,675 219 52,147 771 2,768 658 2,426 39 1,258 1,094 8,441 967 506 67 459 392 652 472 517 359 626 349 990 364 1,087 699 362 179 387 1,260 412 370 589 416 673 351 939 488 361 254 934 344 345 294 330 348 585 308 392 169 1,032 409 583 346 116 289 137 10 122 98 2 76 D. fr. Cap. 32 50 100 122 254 79 91 60 248 123 172 326 51 53 25 108 71 28 93 36 50 6 53 74 79 47 93 220 141 98 135 226 279 179 180 53 159 17 168 67 13 44 108 55 228 33 7 40 63 92 56 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. George Town, GEORGETOWN, , Georgetown, , Georgetown, , Georgetown, , George Town, George Town, George Town, Georgetown, Georgia, German, German, German, German, German, German, German, German, German Flats, Germanton, Germanton, German town, B . Germantown, Germantown, C. Germantown, German Town, German Town, . . German Town, German Town, Germany, .' E . Germany, Gerry, Gettysburg, Ghent, Ghent, Gholsonville, Gibbonsonville, Gibraltar, Gibson, Gibson, GIBSON, GIBSON, Gibson, Gideonville, Gilbertsville, Gilboa, Gilead, Gilead, GILES, GILES, Gilford, Gill A. Gill, Gillesonville, Gilmanton, GILMER, Gilsum, ....,,.. .A. Glasco, GLADWIN, ....... Glasgow, , Glastonburg, District, t t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. . tsh. . t. tsh t tsh borough, tsh t tsh tsh. . . . County, County, tsh. . . . t c. t. County, County, c. t. . . . t tsh. t. .. c. t. County, tsh. ... t County, c. t. County. Shenandoah, Georgetown, . Warren, Simpson, Scott, Brown, Harrison, Vermillion,. . . Franklin, Chenango, . . . Fayette, Clark, Dark, ....... Harrison, Holmes, Montgomery, . Bartholomew, Herkimer, . . . Hyde, Stokes, Columbia, . . . Fayette, Philadelphia, . Philadelphia, . Franklin, Bracken, Montgomery, . Wayne, Adams, Somerset, Chautauque,. . Adams, Columbia,. . . . Gallatin, Brunswick, . . Albany, Iowa, Clearfield,. . . . Susquehanna,. Washington, Bedford, .... Otsego, Schoharie, . . Oxford, Calhoun,. . . . Strafford, Franklin, Sullivan,. Beaufort, Strafford, Cheshire, Ulster, . . Barren,. . . . Bennington, State. Va. s. c. s. c. Geo. Mi. Ken. O. O. II. Vt. N. Y. Pa. O. O. O. O. O. In. N. Y. N. C. N.C. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. Ken. O. In. Pa. Pa. N. Y. Pa. N. Y. Ken. Va. N. Y. M. T. Pa. Pa. Ten. In. In. Ten. N. Y. N. Y. Me. II. Va. Ten. N. H. Mas. In. S. C. N. H. Geo. N. H. N. Y. M. T. Ken. Vt. Ref. Letters Ph O m On L m Do Jh Kh Mf Gg Ub Sd Og Kg Jf Mf Mf Jg Ig Sd Rk Nj Ud Og Sf Sf Oi Kh Jg Ig Qg Pf Od Qg Ud Ih Qj Ud Dd Pe S e Ek Gh Ih Hk Sd Td Xb Dg Ni Gk Wc Vd Gg Mn Wc Jl Vc Ud J c Ii Ud Popula- D. fr. tiou. Wash. 19,943 1,334 325 93 1,897 884 2,408 1,410 602 1,618 956 2,897 2,466 967 4,634 118 1,517 1,110 1,473 2,783 405 1,081 5,801 5,418 377 5,274 18,703 1,870 864 316 642 619 59 111 482 631 2,008 534 480 28 70 535 334 209 444 509 276 329 48 604 390 356 355 335 209 142 142 258 491 487 519 77 145 346 76 355 557 197 380 1,012 233 283 601 704 338 373 585 907 504 408 685 613 500 441 320 661 423 CONSULTING INDEX. bl Names of Places. Glastonbury, Glassborough, Glavis, Glen,... Glen's Falls, Glenville, Gloucester, Gloucester, GLOUCESTER,... Gloucester, Gloucester, GLOUCESTER,... Gloucester, C.H. . . . . Gloucester, iloucestertown, . .A. Glover, GLYNN, Gnadenhutten, Goffstown, Golconda, GOOCHLAND, .... ' Goochland, Good Hope, Goodluck, Good Spring, Gordonsville, Gorham, Gorham, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, East, Goshen, West, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen, Goshen', Goshen Gore, Gosport, Gouldsborough, . Govan's Town, . . Govemeur, Gowensville, .... Graceham Town, GRAFTON, . . . Grafton, BC Grafton, Grafton, Grafton, Grafton, Graham, Grahams' Bridge, P.O Graham Town, GRAINGER, tsh. t .. tsh. t. .. County, . tsh t County, c. t. tsh tsh County, . t tsh. and t. c. t County, . . c. t t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. and c. t. t tsh tsh t t tsh tsh tsh. and t. tsh tsh. c. t. tsh. and t. County, t t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. County, . County. Hartford, Gloucester, . . , Stark, Montgomery, Warren, Schenectady, . Essex, Providence, . Gloucester, . . , Gloucester, . . Gloucester, . Gloucester,. Gloucester, . Orleans, Tuscarawas, Hillsborough, Pope, Goochland, . . , Hocking, Monmouth, . , Williamson, . Orange, Cumberland, , Ontario, Sullivan, Addison, Hampshire, . . Litchfield, . . , Orange, Cape May, . . , Chester, Chester, Granville, Lincoln, Belmont, Champaign, . Clermont, . . , Columbiana,. Tuscarawas, , Elkhart, Caledonia, . . , Rockingham, Hancock, Baltimore, . . I St. Lawrence,, Grenville, . . , Frederick, . . , Grafton, Windham, . . , Worcester, . . , Rensselaer,. . , Greene, Jefferson, Richmond, . . , Beaufort, State. Ct. N.J. O. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. Mas. R.I. N.J. N.J. N.J. Va. Va. Va. N.J. Vt. Geo. O. N. H. II. Va. Va. O. N.J. Ten. Va. Me. N. Y. N. H. Vt. Mas. Ct. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. N. C. Geo. O. O. O. O. O. In. Vt. N. H. Me. Md. N. Y. S. C. Md. N. H. N. H. Vt. Mas. N. Y. II. In. N. C. S.C. Ten. Sef. Letters Ve S g Mf Td Uc Ud Xd W e Tg Sg Tg Ri Ri Ri Sg Vb Mo Mf Wc Fi Qi Qi Lg Tg Hj Ph Xc Qd V c V c V d ■ Ue Te Tg Sf Sg Pj L m Mf Kf Jg Nf Mf Ie Vb Xd AZb Kg Sb Lk Qg Wc W c Vc Wd Ud Dh Hg Ok Mn Kj 11 2,451 2,497 7,510 2,522 28,431 2,332 10,608 686 902 4,567 49 2,208 10,369 "323 2,988 2,981 772 555 617 1,734 3,361 75a 799 1,987 1,100 1,033 1,317 1,058 200 103 880 1,430 38,632 1,207 1,439 1,889 1,681 10,066 u. it. Wash. 335 155 305 413 4,130 405 462 393 151 134 166 174 134 563 325 463 791 127 373 213 726 102 535 338 465 487 388 330 266 198 119 123 259 564 286 433 470 294 310 605 495 697 43 448 503 71 509 452 402 3.97 862 590 380 623 D. fr. Cap. 6 49 126 44 53 29 30 15 47 34 82 72 34 40 108 16 160 28 44 78 12 70 63 187 35 42 103 32 105 101 79 83 59 94 119 39 93 155 107 185 55 99 35 ISO 139 80 36 94 36 20 81 82 104 157 58 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Granby, Granby, Granby, Granby, Granby, Grand, Grande, GRAND ISLE, .... Grand Niagara, Grand Prairie, Grand View, Granger, GRANT, Grant, GRANT, Grant to Hampden, .C Grant to Westford, . D Grantsboro', Granville, Granville, Granville, GRANVILLE, Granville, Grapeville, Grass, Grass Fork Gratiot, b. Gratiot, a. GRATIOT, Gratiot's Grove, Gratis, Gratztown, GRAVES, Gravesend, E. Gravesville, Gray, GRAYSON, GRAYSON, Grayson, Great Barrington, . . . Great Bend, Great Bridge, Great Mills, Great Valley, Greece, Green, A. Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, GREENE, Green, Green, , Green, , Green, Green, Green, tsh. and t. t tsh. t. .. County, . tsh tsh tsh. County, . . . tsh County, . . . Academy, . Academy,. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh Essex, Hampshire, . . . Hartford, ... . Oswego, Lexington, Marion, Crittenden,. . . . tsh. and t. . t County, . . . tsh. and t. . t tsh tsh t t County, . . . t tsh t. County, . . . tsh t t County, . . . County,. . . tsh t tsh. and t. . t t County. Niagara,. . . . Marion, Washington, Medina, Iowa, Washington, . Washington, . Campbell, .... Hampden, . . . Washington, . Monongalia,. . Licking, Westmoreland, Spencer, Jackson, Licking, , Muskingum, . , Jo. Daviess, . Preble, Dauphin, Kings, Knox, Cumberland, Shelby, .... Berkshire, . Susquehanna,. . Norfolk, St. Mary's,. Cattaraugus, Monroe, . . . Sussex, .... Beaver, .... Franklin, . . Adams, .... Clark, Clinton,. . . . Columbiana, Fayette, . . . Gallia,. ... State. Hamilton, . Harrison, . . Hocking, . . Monroe, . . , Richland, . Ross, Vt. Mas. Ct. N. Y. S. C. o. A. T. Vt. N. V. O. o. o. Ken. M.T. In. Me. Me. Ten. Mas. N. Y. Va. N. C. O. Pa. In. In. O. i o. M.T. U. O. Pa. Ken. N. Y. Ten. Me. Va. Ken. O. Mas. Pa. Va. Md. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. Ref. Letters Wb V d Ve R c Mm Kf Dk Ub Oc Kf Mg Me J h Dd If AZ a AZa Kj Vd Uc Og Pj Lf Of Gh Ih| Lf Lf Jc E d Jg Rf Fj Uf Kj Xc Nj Hi Jf Ud Se a-i Rh Pd Qe Tf Q? Qg Kh Kg Kg Nf Kg Lh Kg Jg Mf Lg Mg Lf L ff Popula- tion. 97 1,064 2,722 1,423 317 3,696 432 509 676 11,871 1,649 3,881 19,355 1,784 597 1,772 2,986 565 1,375 7,675 2,504 590 2,264 797 D. fr. Wash. D. fr Cap. 570 376 345 366 500 440 932 398 421 348 1,028 647 2,571 801 1,798 2,554 807 846 1,119 1,529 1,117 962 14,801 1,985 1,871 537 443 1,097 1,731 543 355 440 21 368 196 692 604 346 345 *972 490 151 227 502 560 493 349 285 229 75 321 367 222 258 91 449 437 453 296 420 367 504 280 363 288 364 404 119 125 54 146 72 38 CONSULTING INDEX. 59 Names of Places. Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green, Green Bay, GREENBRIER, . . . Greenbush, Green Camp, Greencastle, Greencastle, c. Greencastle, Greencastle, A. Green Corner, Green Creek, Greene, Greene, GREENE GREENE, Greene, Greene, GREENE, GREENE, GREENE, GREENE, GREENE, GREENE, GREENE, Greene, GREENE, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenfield, Greenland, Greenleesville, P. O. . Greenock, Green River, a. Greensboro', Greensboro', Greensboro', Greensboro 1 Greensboro 1 Greensboro', Greensboro', tsh. Ish. tsh. t. .. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . . tsh. and t. tsh c. t. tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. County,. . County, . . tsh tsh Ccunty, . . County, . . County, . . County,. . County, . . County, . . County, . . tsh County, . . c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. ., tsh. c. t. tsh. tsh. t. .. at t. .. t. .. c. t. c. t. Scioto, . . . Shelby, . . . Stark, Stark, Trumbull, Wayne, . . St. Joseph, Hancock, . Madison, . Morgan, . . Wayne, . . Brown, . . . Rensselaer, Marion, . . . Franklin, . - Fairfield, . . Putnam, . . . Putnam, . . . Monroe, . . . Sandusky, . Kennebeck, Chenango, . t. ., tsh. County. Greene, , Indiana, Parke, Hillsborough, Franklin, Saratoga, Bedford, Erie, Luzerne, Schuylkill, . . . Fairfield, Gallia, Highland, . . . Huron, Hancock, La Grange, . . Orange, Rockingham,. Buncomb, . . . Crittenden, . . . Columbia, . . . Orleans, Caroline, . . . Mecklenburg, Guilford, Greene, Greene, Henry, State. o. o. o. o. o. o. M. T. In. In. In. In. M.T. Va. N. Y. O. Pa. 0. In. In. N. Y. O. Me. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. N.C. Geo. Al. Mi. Ten. Ken. In. In. II. N. H. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. O. O. O. O. In. In. In. N. H. N.C. A. T. N. Y. Vt. Md. Va. N.C. Geo. Al. In. Ref. Letters Lh J f Mf Mf Ne Mg Id Iff I f H? Jg Gb Ni Ud Kf Qg Lg Hg Hg Qc Ke Xb Sd Td Ng Ng Pf Qk K m Fn Fo Lj Ii G g Gg Dg W d Vd U c Pf Nd S e Rf Lg Lh Kg Le Ig le Hh Xc Lk Dk Ud Vb Sg Pj Oj K m Gn Is Popula- tion. 953 402 1,011 85 299 1,057 1,438 9,006 3,216 260 74 444 1,324 2,962 29,525 18,025 752 1,130 6,413 12,549 15,02*6 1,854 14,410 3,880 4,242 7,674 944 1,540 3,144 1,455 654 1,310 1,751 446 399 525 133 680 184 D. fr. Wash 407 477 329 327 311 347 639 548 572 598 520 1,037 373 418 77 382 614 614 360 434 582 310 218 181 620 455 396 417 136 348 248 170 367 369 426 399 522 621 633 486 479 936 354 553 90 219 315 628 883 530 D. fr. Cap. 100 81 116 122 171 92 144 20 22 23 81 511 1 47 59 18 42 42 231 111 22 126 211 148 42 95 40 144 287 140 67 23 92 67 102 21 203 98 40 217 168 33 30 53 108 85 44 43 56 60 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Greensburg, A. Greensburg, Greensburg, Greensburg, Greensburg, a. Greensburg, Green's Fork, Greensville, GREENSVILLE,. . Green Tree, P. O GREENUP, Greenupsburg, Green Village, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, GREENVILLE, . . . Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville Coll'e. P.O Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenville, Greenway, Greenwich, Greenwich, East, Greenwich, West, . . . Greenwich, Greenwich, A . Greenwich, Greenwicn, Greenwich, Greenwich, F . Greenwich, Greenwood, Greenwood, Greenwood, Greenwood, B . Greenwood, B . Greenwood A. Greersburg, Gregg, A . Gregg, Griggstown, Grindstone Ford, Griswold, Groton, Groton, Groton, Groton, Groton, Grove, Groveland, GUERNSEY,. tsh. t. .. c. t. c. t. t. . , . . . c. t. ... tsh. . . . t County, Count}-. tsh. and t. t tsh. t. .. c. t. District, c. t c. t. c. t. tsh. and c. t. tsh c. t c. t. tsh tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh tsh t tsh. tsh. tsh. h. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. tsh tsh County, . . Countv. West Chester, Greene, Westmoreland, Greene, Richland, .... Decatur, Randolph, .... Grayson, .... Stewart, Greenup, . Franklin, . Greene, . . . Mercer,. . . Somerset, . Augusta, . Pitt, Greenville, . . . Merriweather, Butler, Jefferson, Greene, Greene, Muhlenburg, . Dark, Floyd, Bond, Wavne Nelson, Hampshire, . . Kent, Kent, Fairfield, .... Washington, . Cumberland, . Gloucester,. . . Warren, Berks, Huron, Oxford, Steuben, Columbia,. . . . Crawford, .... Juniatta, Perry, Beaver, Centre, Morgan, Somerset, .... Claiborne,. . . . New London,. Grafton, Caledonia, . . . Middlesex, . . . New London,. Tompkins, . . . Allegany, Livingston, . . N.Y. Pa. Pa. Ken. O. In. In. Va. Va. Ten. Ken. Ken. Pa. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Va. N. C. S. C. S. C. Gee. Al. Mi. Ten. Ten. Ken. O. In. II. Mo. Va. Mas. R.I. R. I. Ct. N.Y. N. J. N.J. N.J. Pa. O. Me. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. In. N.J. Mi. Ct. N.H. Vt. Mas. Ct. N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. O Ref. Popula Letters tion. Ue Og Of I i Lf Ig Jf Nj Qj Gj Lb. Lh Qg Td Ne Pg Oi Qk LI LI J m Ho Co Lj Lj Gi Jf Hg Eh Di Pi Vd We We Ue Uc Sg Sg Sf Sf L e Xb Qd Re Ne Qf Qf Nf Q f Hg Tf Cn We Wc Vb Wd Ve Rd Pd Qd Mf 2,195 810 19 966 7,11' 13,136 204 2,566 539 16,476 217 1,057 813 1,591 1,818 3,804 3,89 912 2,65 4,486 1,407 416 695 899 1,110 632 2,070 96 1,563 2,212 687 836 1,925 4,801 3,597 1,388 1,703 18.036 D. fr. Wash. 252 217 192 625 390 559 513 354 1 1- 428 9 3.56 281 153 175 277 50 753 903 1,121 454 45 715 501 602 801 908 170 392 406 402 25 412 195 150 1.94 15 384 587 309 205 296 143 136 263 191 613 184 1,095 372 516 526 429 355 308 338 338 D. fr. Cap.! CONSULTING INDEX. 61 Names of Places. > Guilderland, GUILDFORD, . Guildhall, Guilford, Guilford, Guilford, Guilford, Guilford, Guilford, Guilford, , Guineatown, Gunpowder, .... Gustavus, Guyan, Guyandott, T. . . . Guys, GWINNETT, .. Gwynedd, HABERSHAM,). Hackensack Hackensack, Hacketstown, .... Haddam, Haddan, Haddonfield, Hadensville, Hadley, Hadley, Hadlock, Hager's Town, . . . Hager's Town,. . . Hague, Haight, Haines, Hairstonville, Halfmoon, Halfmoon, Halfway, Halifax, Halifax, Halifax, HALIFAX, HALIFAX, Halifax, Halifax, C.H.... HALL, Hall, Hallam, Hallowell, Hallsboro', Hallsville, Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamburg, Hamden, Hamden, Hamilton, HAMILTON, . . tsh. . . . County, c. t. . . . D. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. County, . tsh County, . tsh c. t tsh. tsh. c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. ,C. t tsh. and t. County, . . County, . . c. t. c. t County, . tsh tsh t tsh. tsh. . . . t County, County. Albany, Essex, Penobscot, . . . Windham, . . . New Haven,. . Chenango, . . . Franklin, Medina, Hendricks, . . , Delaware. Baltimore, . . . Trumbull, .., Gallia, Cabell, .... Cattaraugus,. Montgomery, Bergen, Bergen, Warren, Middlesex, . . . Sullivan, Gloucester,. . . Todd, Hampshire, . Saratoga, . . . Northampton, Washington, Tuscarawas, . Warren, Allegany, Centre, Halifax, .... Saratoga, . . . Centre, Burlington, . Windham, . . Plymouth, . . Dauphin, . . Halifax, Halifax, Dubois, York, Kennebcck, . Chesterfield, , Duplin, Dutchess,. . . Erie, Berks, Edgefield,. . . Calhoun, . . . Union, New Haven, Delaware, . , Essex, State. N. Y. N. C. Vt. Me. Vt. ct. N. Y. Pa. 0. In. Pa. Md. O. O. Va. N. Y. Geo. Pa. Geo. N.J. N.J. N.J. Ct. In. N.J. Ken. Mas. N. Y. Va. Md. O. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Va. N. Y. Pa. N.J. Vt. Mas. Pa. Va. N.C. N. C. Va. Geo. In. Pa. Me. Va. N.C. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. S. C. II. II. Ct. N. Y. Mas. N. Y. Ref, Letter* Ud Oj W b Ya Vd Ve Sd Qg Me Hg Sf Ne Lh Lh Od J m Sf Kl Tf Tf T f Ve Gg Sg Gj Vd Uc Si Qg Mf Uc P d Qf Pj Ud Pf Tg Vd Xd Rf Pj Qj Q.i Pj Kl Hh Rf Yb Qi Ql Ue Pd Rf M m Dg Ei Ve Sd Xd Tc Popula- tion. 274 18,737 481 655 1,760 2,334 2,636 2,875 625 ash. 385 D. fr. Cap. 841 329 13,289 1,402 10,671 2,200 3,024 1,686 829 102 721 655 1,845 2,042 1,092 1,152 708 1,772 28,034 17,739 11,748 371 1,876 3,961 3,35i 3,397 1,230 748 1,325 564 67£ 413 317 331 84 352 583 143 53 319 157 78 71 124 50 105 46 103 13 88 45 179 404 352 344 307 229 229 215 335 673 144 728 379 433 211 68 296 467 339 196 205 395 178 176 414 434 131 216 220 650 99 593 139 364 293 364 156 580 916 840 306 338 455 96 63 63 59 25 122 36 128 88 56 197 101 124 90 268 88 114 18 101 32 130 29 V, 86 130 130 29 2 17 128 83 281 56 78 136 164 29 85 23 62 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Hamilton, Hamilton, Hamilton, C. Hamilton, Hamilton, C. Hamilton, Hamilton, HAMILTON, Hamilton, HAMILTON, HAMILTON, Hamilton, Hamilton, Hamilton, Hamilton, HAMILTON, Hamilton, Hamilton, HAMILTON, Hamilton Ban, Hamilton's, P. O Hamiltonville, Hammond, Hammond, Hammsville, Hampden, HAMPDEN, Hampden, HAMPSHIRE, HAMPSHIRE, Hampstead, D. Hampstead, Hampstead, Hampton, Hampton, Hampton, Hampton, Hampton, Hamptonburg, Hampton Falls, Hampton, East,. . .B. Hampton, West, . .D. Hamptonville, Hamtramck, HANCOCK, Hancock, Hancock, Hancock, Hancock, Hancock, HANCOCK, HANCOCK, HANCOCK, HANCOCK, HANCOCK, HANCOCK, Hancock Town, Hancockville, P. O.. . Hannas Town, Hannibal, Hannibal, Class. tsh. and t. tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh t c. t. County, c. t. . . . County, County, c. t. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, tsh. . . . tsh. ... County, tsh. . . . tsh. and t. tsh t County,, tsh County, . County, . t. .. t. .. tsh. c. t. tsh. t. .. t. .. t. ., t. .. tsh. . . . County, t t t t tsh. ... County, County, County, County, County, County, t County. Madison, Gloucester, . . . Adams, Franklin, Northampton, Martin, Harris, Monroe, Butler, . . Franklin, Jackson, . Warren, . Jackson, . Sullivan, . Adams, Washitta, Mifflin, St. Lawrence,. Spencer, ....*. Kent, Penobscot, . . . Geauga, Rockingham,. . Baltimore, . . . King George,. Rockingham,. , Windham, . . . Oneida, Washington, . Elizabeth City, Orange, Rockingham, . Hampshire, . . Hampshire, . . Surry, Wayne, Hancock, .... Hillsborough, . Addison, Berkshire, . . . Delaware,. . . . Washington, . Union, Westmoreland, Oswego, , Marion, State. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. N. C. Geo. F. T. Mi. Ten. O. O. O. O. O. In. In. In. U. Pa. La. Pa. N. Y. In. Del. Me. Mas. 0. Mas. Va. N.H. Md. Va. N.H. Ct. N. Y, N. Y. Va. N. Y. N.H. Mas. Mas. N.C. M.T. Me. Me. N.H. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Geo. Mi. Ken. O. In. II. Md. S. C. Pa. N. Y. Mo. Kef. Letters Sd Tg Kg Qg Sf Qk Jn Kp Fin Ik Jg J? Kg Lh Jg If Hh Gg Fh Qg Bn Qf Sb Hh Sg Zb Vd Me Vd Pg Wd Rg Oh Xd Ve Sc Uc Ri. Te Xd Vd Vd Nj Ld Zb Zb Wd Vc Ud Se Km E P Hi Ke Ig Cf Pg Ml Of R c Car Popula- tion. 3,220 1,424 1,049 1,461 353 2,276 52,317 1,079 1,372 186 1,666 1,757 2,616 1,379 767 540 2,020 31,639 530 30,254 11,279 913 1,102 1,101 1,069 1,365 583 745 918 24,336 653 1,217 472 1,052 766 11,820 1,962 1,515 813 1,436 483 1,794 D. fr. Wash, 355 182 83 88 206 258 776 916 389 392 465 608 618 84 1,248 136 447 678 119 652 32' 464 64 86 476 367 390 449 199 231 474 371 384 379 539 683 449 492 373 301 92 457 190 375 971 D. ft. Cap. 96 72 35 51 117 96 134 CONSULTING INDEX. 63 Names of Places. .B Hannibalville, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, A . Hanover, Hanover, A . Hanover, Hanover, G . Hanover, Hanover, HANOVER, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, Hanover, C. H. Hanover, New, Hanover Town, Hanson, Harberson, ........ Harbor Creek, HARDIMAN, HARDIN, HARDIN, HARDIN, Hardin, Hardinsburg, Hardinsburg, Hardinsville, Hardiston, Hardscrabble, Hardwick, Hardwick, A Hardwick, Hardwick, HARDY, Hardy, Harford, HARFORD, Harford, HARLAN, Harlandsburg, Harleesville, Harlem, Harlow, Harman's Gap, Harmonsville, Harmony, Harmony, Harmony, Harmony, Harmony, Harmony, Harmony, HarmonyMiss Station, Harper's Ferry, Harpersfield, tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh. . tsh borough, . County, . . tsh tsh. and t. t tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. Ish. t. .. t tsh. . . . tsh. ... County, County, County, County, c. t. . . . c. t. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. t. . . County, . tsh tsh County, . County, , tsh. tsh. tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh. and t. County. Oswego, Grafton, Plymouth, . . . Chautauque,. , Burlington, . . Morris, Beaver, Lehigh, ... . Luzerne, Northampton, Washington, . York, Butler, Columbiana, . Harrison, Licking, Richland, Shelby, Hanover, Montgomery,. Hanover, Plymouth, . . . Dubois, Erie, Hardin, Breckenridge, Dearborn, Shelby, Sussex, Iowa, Caledonia, . . . Worcester, . . . Warren, Bryan, Holmes, Susquehanna, Harford, . Mercer, .... Marion, .... Delaware, . . , Macomb, . . . Washington, . Crawford, . . . Somerset, . . . Chautauque,. Butler, Susquehanna, Clarke, Delaware, . . , Union, Jefferson, , Broome, . State. N. Y. N. H. Mas. N. Y. N.J. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. O. O. o. o. o. In. Va. Pa. Va. Mas. In. Pa. Ten. Ten. Ken. O. O. Ken. In. Ken. N.J. M. T. Vt. Mas. N. J. Geo. Va. O. Pa. Md. Md. Ken. Pa. S. C. o. M.T. Md. Pa. Me. N. Y. Pa. Pa. O. O. In. Mo.T. Va. N. Y. Ref. Letters Rc Vc Xd d Tg Tf Nf Sf Se Sf Nf Rg Qi Jg M'f M f Lf Lf Iff Qi Sf Qi Xd Gh Nd Ek Fk 1 i Kf Iff Hi Jg Jh Te Dd Vb Vd Tf Mo Og Mf Se Rg Rg Kj Ne 01 Lf Ld Qg Ne Y b Od Nf Se Kg Lf Jg Z Ai Qg Sd Popula- tion. 2,361 1,303 2,614 2,859 3,718 2,355 1,102 1,173 348 1,572 16,253 1,664 2,029 44 709 323 855 1,344 1,030 385 1,104 11,665 4,868 12,849 210 316 D. fr. Wash 2,588 1,216 1,885 1,962 6,798 1,072 999 16,319 2,929 535 925 1,989 341 1,441 241 375 489 439 360 167 225 254 181 215 184 248 80 493 292 283 354 364 570 102 150 104 434 339 439 656 522 559 236 551 390 240 677 341 264 61 260 446 38-6 546 62 305 652 335 249 282 429 403 529 1,235 52 313 D. fr. Cap. 168 54 27 315 18 59 231 88 107 91 228 106 145 138 41 62 23 20 75 18 29 278 66 118 100 8 78 27 63 82 182 80 156 53 228 132 19 20 92 244 53 338 218 173 33 39 85 174 124 64 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Harpersfield, Harpersfield, Harpersville, Harpeth, . . . Harpswel], Harrington, Harrington, Harris, HARRIS, Harris, Harrisborough, Harrisburg, HARRISBUR&, Harrisburg, Harrisburg, Harrisburg,* Harrisburg,f Harris Gore, Harrison, . . . Harrison, . . . HARRISON, HARRISON, HARRISON, Harrison, . . . D. Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, A. Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, C. Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, HARRISON, Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, Harrison, A. Harrison, Harrison, Harrisonburg, Harrisonburg, Harrisonville, Harrisville, Harrisville, Harrisville, Harrodsburg, HART, Hart, Hartford, Hartford, HARTFORD, HARTFORD, Hartford Class. tsh. and t. tsh t tsh. ... t County, tsh. . . . t tsh. . . . Capital, c. t. . . . tsh. . . . County, County, County, tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . t tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. ... tsh. . . tsh. . • . tsh. . . . County, tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsb. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. ... tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . c. t. . . . c. t. t. .. tsh. County, tsh. . . . t County, . Capital, tsh. .,'. County. Delaware, . . Ashtabula, . . . Shelby, Williamson, . Cumberland, Washington, Bergen, .... Butler, Sandusky, . . . Richmond, . . . Lewis, Dauphin, Conway, Haywood, Stark, Stark, Caledonia, . . . Cumberland, . West Chester, Champaign, . Dark, Gallia, .... Hamilton, . . Jackson, . . . Knox, Licking, Perry, Pickaway, . , Preble, .... Ross, , Stark, , Clay,.... Fayette, . Hancock. Harrison, Knox, . . . Union, . . Vigo, Macomb, . . . Rockingham, Catahoola, . . Monroe, . . . Brunswick, . Harrison, . . . Medina, Mercer, Warwick,. Oxford, . . . Windsor, . Hartford, . . . Washington, State. N. Y. O. Al. Ten. Me. Me. N.J. Pa. Geo. O. Geo. N. Y. Pa. A. T. Ten. O. O. Vt. Me. N. Y. Va. Ken. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. M. T. Va. La. II. Va. O. O. Ken. Ken. In. Me. Vt. Ct. Ct. N. Y. Ref. Letters Td Me Hm Hk Yc AZ b Te Ne In Ke L m S c Rf Ak Ek Mf Mf V b Xb Ue Ng Jh Mf Kf Jg Lh J? Lg Lf Lf Lg Kg Jg Lg Mf Hh Gg lg lg Hh Gh Jg Jg Ld P h Bo Dh Qj Nf Le Ji Ii Gh Xb Vc Ve V e Uc Popula tion. 1,976 1,145 1,352 1,118 2,581 5,105 113 712 4,312 4 12 19 1,068 1,085 14,722 13,234 20,916 529 1,245 781 173 365 726 477 715 773 1,318 545 1,086 10,273 2,90 c. t. tsh. c. t. tsh. . . . tsh. and t. . t t tsh Kanawha,. , Clearfield, . , Randolph, , McKean, . Cheshire, . Essex, Coshocton, , Clinton, . . , Cayuga, . . , Union, . . . Rhea, . . . Perry, Seneca, N.J. Pa. Pa. N. Y. N. Y. Va. Ken. N. Y. II. N. Y. Vt. O. In. In. In. In. II. M. T. Vt. R.I. N. C. N.C. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Del. O. O. N. Y. Ten. N.C. Geo. Mi. Al. Ten. II. Me. N.C. Pa. Va. N.C. M.T. Md. N.C. N. Y. Pa. Pa. N. Y. M.T. Va. Va. Pa. II. Pa. N.H. N. Y. O. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Ten. Ref. Letters Tf Qe Re Uf Qd Qj Jl Uc Ed Tc V b Kf G h Hg Gh l£ Fi Dd Vb We Pk Ok Ud Td Pf Sh Lf N e Sd Ej Qk K m E o Gm Lj Ei AZb Rj Rf Kj Nj Je Rg Rj R c Qf Of Rd Id Mh Mh Pe Di Pe Vd Ub Mf Ub Rd Rf Jk Popula- tion. 2,783 9,960 2,111 985 1,592 510 4,019 1,596 1,079 2,113 10,938 7,700 217 400 5,608 13,345 1,471 810 7,672 2,205 1,581 I. fr. ID. fr. r ash. Cap. 224 211 198 253 321 203 437 462 544 461 712 693 131 551 79 9,326 493 2,374 787 611 739 ,036 549 387 336 339 415 160 113 379 292 357 879 819 429 830 736 255 136 468 194 557 56 248 345 13i 342 350 219 867 285 431 515 341 523 325 175 CONSULTING INDjEX. 75 Names of Places. Kellyvale, Kelso, A Keinpsville, Kenansville, Kendall, Kenjua, Kenjua, KENNEBECK, .. Kennebunk, Kennebunk Port,. . . Kennedysville, Kensington, F Kensington, KENT, Kent, Kent, Kennet, KENT, KENT, KENT, Kernsville, Kerr Town, KERSHAW....... Keysville, Key West,*or Allenton, Kilkenny, Kill Buck, Killingly, Killingv.orth, Kilmarnock, Kilmarnoc, Kimbertown, Kinderhook, C. Kingfield, KING GEORGE, . . Kin^ George, C. H.. . KING S? QUEEN, . King . Pa. Va. Va. Va. N. C. Geo. Geo. Ten. Ken. O. O. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. 0. o. In. II. Pa. Pa". N. Y. 0. Mo. M. T. N. H. Vt. Mas. Ct. \ T . Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Del. Md. N. C. 0. F.T. O. o. O. 0. o. In. In. Pa. Ken. 0. O. Va. Kef. Letter; Of Ni Qh Ni Nj K m K m II k Fi N e Kf Nf Nf Nf Kg Nf Ng Mf Jf Mf J£ Mg Hh Eh Se Sf Sf Re Nf Ah Kd W c U c Xd Ue Tc Te Rf Sf Og Sg Sh Nk Lg Jp Lg Mf Mg Lg Mf Hg Hg Og Lh Rf Ni Popula- tion. 2,294 281 1,660 1,237 1,723 177 56 876 1,960 512 512 756 294 257 2,242 573 D. fr. Wash. 830 1,108 6,929 664 2,873 1,379 907 2,519 2,580 1,999 3,205 1,342 603 664 1,137 1,190 1,656 937 1,492 276 530 206 256 63 242 341 640 634 694 783 .341 449 285 292 294 451 274 360 284 331 482 328 455 312 613 158 164 314 293 526 489 486 470 342 411 278 123 176 155 102 128 379 355 881 370 341 246 385 341 611 622 189 432 362 426 270 * Salem, in Green township, Columbiana county, t Salem, in Goshen township, Columbiana county. CONSULTING INDEX. 127 Names of Places. .K Saltville, .... Saltzburg, . . , Saluda, .... Salvisa, .... SAMPSON,, Sandbornton, Sand Creek, , Sand Creek, . Sander sville, , Sandisfield, . . Sandiston,. . ■ Sandgate, . . . Sand Lake, . . Sandown, . . Sand Town, SANDUSKY, Sandusky, Sandusky, ......... Sandusky, Sandusky, Sandwich, Sandwich, Sandy, Sandy, Sandy Creek, Sandy Creek, Sandy Creek, Sandy Creek, Sandy Grove, P. O.. . . Sandy Hill, Sandy Hill, Sandy Lake, ........ Sandy ville, Sanford, Sanford, SANGAMON, Sangamon, Sangerfield, Sangerville, Santa Fe Tolosa, .... SANILAC, Saranac, Saranac, SARATOGA, Saratoga, Saratoga, Saratoga Springs, .... Sardinia, Sarecta, Sassafras Town, .... Satartia, Satterthwaite's Mill.T Saugcrties, Saugus, Sault de St. Mary, . . . Savannah, Savannah, Savannah Savcrton, Saville, Savoy, t. . . t. .. tsh, t. .. County, . t tsh tsh c. t t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. t t County, tsh. ... t tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. t. tsh. t. .. t tsh. . . . County, t tsh. and t. t t County, , tsh t County, . . tsh tsh tsh. and t. tsh t t. . . t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. tsh. c. t. County. Washington, Indiana, Jefferson, . . . Mercer, .... Strafford, Bartholomew, Decatur, Washington, . Berkshire, . • . Sussex, Bennington,. . Rensselaer, . . Rockingham,. Gloucester,. . . Crawford,. . . Huron, Richland, . . , Sandusky, . . Strafford, . . . Barnstable,. . Stark, Tuscarawas, Orleans, Oswego, Mercer, Venango, . . . Chatham, . . . Washington, Worcester, . . Mercer, Tuscarawas, York, Broome, Sangamon, . Oneida, . . . Penobscot, . Columbia, . Clinton, Berrien, Saratoga, . Venango, . . Saratoga, . . Erie, Duplin, Kent, Yazoo, Warren, . . . Ulster, Essex, Chippeway, Wayne, . . . Chatham, . . Hardin, . . . Ralls, Perry, Berkshire, . State. Va. Pa. In. Ken. N. C. N. H. In. In. Geo. Mas. N.J. Vt. N. Y. N. H. N.J. O. O. 0. o. o. N. H. .Mas. O. O. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. N. C. N. Y. Md. Pa. O. Me. N. Y. II. U. N. Y. Me. F. T. M.T. N. Y. M. T. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. N. Y. N. Y. N. C. Md. Mis. O. N. Y. Mas. M.T. N. Y. Geo. Ten. Mo. Pa. Mas. Ref. Letter Mj O f Ih Ji Pk Wc lg Ig Ln Ud Te Uc Ud Wd Sg Ke Lf L e Lf Ke W c Xe Mf Mf Pc Re Ne Ne Ok U c Sh Ne Mf Xc Sd Eg Eg Sd Ya Lq Kc Ub Hd Uc Uc Oe Uc P d Ql Sg Dn Jg Ud Xd Jd Re Mn Fk Cg Qf Vd Popula- tion. 39 11,634 2,866 1,655 1,097 933 3,650 55 2,851 579. 593 588 59 2,744 3,361 909 765 1,839 1,048 741 91 2,327 931 12,690 2,272 '776 316 38,679 2,461 2,204 1,453 78 3,7i7 960 1,319 927 D. fr. Wash 36y 206 583 572 495 593 55 669 353 241 43.3 387 457 141 419 415 391 429 515 454 307 311 381 385 271 374 345 427 174 386 313 511 312 808 364 671 875 523 676 416 413 413 339 351 99 1,071 463 325 439 882 346 662 803 955 126 387 D. fr. Cap. "293 175 85 21 20 46 57 27 109 83 113 16 35 43 79 115 66 104 41 56 125 117 246 159 234 212 64 50 137 219 119 94 121 86 89 70 155 162 186 34 36 36 273 115 62 36 67 46 7 356 165 167 112 172 39 119 128 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. • H. Say brook, . . . Saybrook, . . . Scarborough, Scarsdale, . . Scawas, Schatecoke, SCHENECTADY, . Schenectady, SCHOHARIE, Schoharie, Schroon, Schuyler, SCHUYLER, SCHUYLKILL,.... Schuylkill, R. Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, . . . Schwarzburg, Scipio, Scipio, Scipio, Scio, SCIOTO, Scioto, Scioto, Scioto, Scioto, Scituate, Scituate, Scotchtown, Scotia, Scotia, Scott, Scott, SCOTT, SCOTT, Scott, Scott, B. Scott, SCOTT, Scott, Scott, SCOTT, Scottsborough, Scottsville, Scottsville, Scottsville, Scottsville, Scriba, . SCRIVEN, Scrub Grass, Scuffletown, Scuffletown, Scuffletown, P. O. ScullShoals, P.O. ... Sculltown, Seabrook, Seaford, Seal, Searsborough, .... A . Searsmont, Class. t. . . tsh. t. .. tsh t tsh. and t. . . County, . . . . City, County, tsh. and c. t tsh. and t. . . tsh County, County, tsh tsh t t tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh t c. t. t tsh tsh County, . County, . tsh tsh tsh County, . tsh tsh Countv, . c. t. c. t. tsh. . . . County, tsh. . . . t t tsh. t. .. t. . . County. Middlesex, . . . Ashtabula, . . . Cumberland, . West Chester, Seneca, Rensselaer, . . . Schenectady, Schoharie, Essex, .... Herkimer, Chester, . . . Schuylkill, . , Schuylkill, . Wayne, Cayuga, Meigs, .... Seneca, Allegany, . . , Delaware, . . . Jackson, Pickaway, . . Ross, Plymouth, . . Providence, . Orange, Pope, Schenectady, Cortland, Wayne, Adams,. Brown, . Marion, Montgomery, Vanderburg,. Baldwin,. . . , Monroe, Albemarle, . . Powhatan, . , Allen, Oswego, Venango, . . . Gloucester,. . Abbeville, . . . Laurens, .... Greene, Salem, Rockingham, Sussex, Pike, Bennington, . Waldo, State. Ct. o. Me. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. U. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. M.T. N. Y. O. O. N. Y. O. O. o. o. o. Mas. R.I. N. Y. AT. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Va. Ken. O. O. O. In. In. In. Mo. Geo. N.Y. Va. Va. Ken. N.Y. Geo. Pa. Va. S. C. s. c. Geo. N. J. N. H. Del. O. Vt. Me. Eef. Letters V e Ne Xc U e Rd Ud Td Ud Td Td Uc Sc Df Rf Sf Rf Rf Kf Rd Lg Ke Pd Lh Kf Lg Kg Kg Xd We Te Ak Ud R d Se Lj Jh Kg Kg Kf lh Hg lh Ej Km Qc PI Qi Hj Re Mn Oe Ri LI Ml K m Sg Xd Sh Lg Vd Yb Popula- tion. 5,018 627 2,106 317 3,002 12,347 4,268 27,902 5,157 1,614 2,074 20,744 1,434 1,200 2,691 377 618 602 8,740 465 339 462 4,123 3,468 3,994 1,452 216 5,724 14,6 1,452 820 337 3,092 2,136 180 2,073 4,776 791 1,093 1,173 40 1,151 D. fr. Wash. D. fr. Cap. 334 350 533 249 335 392 391 381 472 397 134 173 171 545 331 353 426 312 431 392 404 404 445 384 272 1,149 391 321 293 461 480 416 612 728 646 363 150 138 686 383 250 173 548 490 639 166 472 107 409 421 631 CONSULTING INDEX. 129 Names of Places. Searsville, Sebago, Sebec, Second College Grant, Sedgwick, Seekonk, Seelysburg, Segersville, Selano, Selbysport, Selma, Selin's Grove, Sellersville', Selzertown, Seminole Agency, P.O Sempronius, SENECA, Seneca, SENECA, Seneca, Seneca, Seneca Falls, Seneca Reserve, Senecaville, Sennet, Sergeant, SEVIER SEVIER, Seviertille, Shade, Shady Dale, Shaftsbury, Shakers, Shaker Town, Shaker Town, Shalersville, Shamokin, Shandaken, Shanesville, Shanesville, Shannonsville, Shan tee Town, Shapleigh, Sharon, I. Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Sharon, Shark Town, Sharpsburg, Sharpsburg, Shawangunk, Shawnee Agency, . . , Shawnee Town,. . .B. Shawnee Town, Shawney Town,. L tsh County, . . tsh County, . . tsh tsh tsh. and t. t tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, County, c. t. ... tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh tsh tsh. and t. tsh. and t. t tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. . . t... t. .. tsh. County. Chautauque, . Cumberland, Penobscot, . . Coos, Hancock, . . . Bristol, Cattaraugus, Lehigh, Duval, Alleghany, . . Dallas, Union, Bucks, Adams, Alachua, Cayuga, Ontario, . . Monroe, . . Seneca, . . . Seneca, . . . Seneca, . . . Guernsey, . Cayuga, . . McKean, . Sevier, Somerset, Jasper, Bennington, . . . Columbia, Mercer, Knox, Portage, Northumberl'nd Ulster, Mercer, Tuscarawas,. . . Jo. Daviess, . . . Brown, York, Hillsborough,. . Windsor, Norfolk, Litchfield, Schoharie, Mercer, Franklin, Hamilton, Medina, Richland, Queen Ann, . . . Washington, . . Bath, Ulster, Fountain, Gallatin, . Luzerne,. State. N. Y. Me. Me. N. H. Me. Mas. N. Y. Pa. F.T. Md. Al. Pa. Pa. Mis.T F.T. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. 0. O. 0. N. Y. 0. o. N. Y. Pa. A.T. Ten. Ten. Pa. Geo. Vt. N.Y. Ken. In. O. Pa. N.Y. O. O. II. M.T. Me. N. H. Vt. Mas. Ct. N.Y. Pa. O. O. O. o. Md. Md. Ken. N.Y. Mis.T. In. II. Pa. Ref. Letters Od Xc Ya Wb Zb We Od Sf Lp Og Gn Rf Sf Co Lq Rd Rd Qd Ke Mg Ke Rd Ke Mg Rd Pe Z Am Kk Kk Pf K m Ud Ud Ji Gh Me Rf Td Jf Mf Dd Gh Xc Wd Vc Wd Ue Td Ne Kf J? Me L f Rh Qg Kb. Te ZAk Gf Fi Re Popuia tion. 586 906 5 1,604 2,133 5,705 21,041 6,207 379 609 378 2,603 15 120 2,297 230 634 5,717 1,334 2,142 757 1,908 966 46 160 1,479 371 1,459 1,023 2,615 4,247 913 95 m 158 3,681 D. fr. Wash. 329 555 685 400 344 185 826 172 876 159 166 1,133 902 318 337 304 454 342 431 314 344 281 515 148 665 421 370 558 704 325 174 338 526 325 985 1,036 518 438 495 418 333 397 281 406 483 351 388 51 66 497 284 661 758 118 D. fr. Cap. 330 87 87 87 46 308 85 270 205 86 50 91 99 238 156 186 130 78 167 90 99 153 202 225 126 43 113 24 23 131 132 64 83 129 96 511 103 52 40 18 47 40 249 10 98 114 75 14 99 62 88 127 110 130 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Shawswick, Sheffield, , Sheffield, , Sheffield, , Sheffield, , Sheffield, , Shefferstown, , Shieldsboro', , Shelburn, , Shelburne, , Shelburne, Shelby, SHELBY, SHELBY, SHELBY, SHELBY,.. , Shelby, SHELBY, Shelby, Shelby, Shelby SHELBY, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Sheldon, Sheldon, Shellsburg, Shelter Island, Shenandoah, Shenango, Shenango, SHENANDOAH,... Shepherd's Town, . . . Shepherdsville, Sherburn, Sherburne, Sherburne, P. Sheridan, Sherman, B. Sherman, Sherman, Sheshequin, A. SHIAWASSEE,.... Shinersville, Shinn's Town, Shippen, Shippen, Shippensburg, Shippinsport, Shippingsport, Shirley, Shirley, Shirleysburg, Shocco Springs, Shodae, Shoreham, Short Creek, Shown'sjx* Roads, P. O Class. tsh t t tsh tsh tsh t t t t t tsh County, . County, . County, . County,. tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh. County, t t t t t tsh. and t. t t tsh tsh County, . . t c. t tsh. and t. t t tsh t tsh tsh. . tsh County, . . . t t ., tsh tsh tsh. tsh and t. t tsh Lawrence, . Caledonia, . Berkshire, . Ashtabula, . Lorain,. . . . Tippecanoe, Lebanon, . . Hancock, . . Chittenden, Coos, Franklin, . . Orleans, . . . Macomb, Jefferson, . . Tippecanoe, Ripley, Shelby, . . . Bedford, . . Shelby, Shelby,. . . Shelby,..., Franklin, . Genesee,. . , Bedford, . . . Suffolk,... Oneida, — , Beaver,. . . . Mercer, . . . Jefferson, . . Bullitt, Chenango, . Rutland, . . . Middlesex, . Chautauque, Fairfield, . . Huron, St. Joseph, . Bradford, . . , Lycoming,. . Harrison, . . . McKean, . . . Tioga,. Cumberland, La Salle, . . . Jefferson, . . . Middlesex, . . Huntingdon, Huntingdon, Warren, .... Rensselaer, . Addison,. . . . Harrison, . . . Carter, State. In. Vt. Mas. O. O. In. Pa. Mi. Vt. N. H. Mas. N. Y. Al. Ten. Ken. O. M. T. In. In. In. In. II. Al. Ten. Ken. In. II. Vt. N. Y. Pa. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Va. Va. Ken. N. Y. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Ct. o. M. T. Pa. M. T. Pa. Va. Pa. Pa. Pa. II. Ken. Mas. Pa. Pa. N. C. N. Y. Vt. o. Ten. Ref. Letters Hh Vb Ud Ne Le Hf Rf Ep Ub Wb Vd Pc Hm Ek Ih Jf Ld lg Ih Gf Ig Fg Hh Hk Ih Ig Fg Vb Pd Pf Ve Sd Nf Ne Ph Qg Ii Sd Vc Wd Od Ue Le le Re Kd Re °g Ne Qe Qf Ee Ih Wd Qf Qf Pj Ud Uc Mf Mj Popula tion. 720 2,382 450 215 1,122 312 995 1,879 5,704 5,648 19,030 3,671 441 635 2,972 1,201 1,427 1,731 D.fr. Wash. 330 1,455 19,750 278 2,601 432 899 1,666 94 153 205 723 110 249 1,621 552 341 328 379 635 129 1,133 509 578 400 398 563 584 651 557 606 991 3,794 2,137 2,185 803 692 572 575 741 550 357 135 321 361 255 279 "62 612 344 473 413 360 311 417 594 247 225 236 293 257 100 905 590 426 128 128 235 380 481 380 416 CONSULTING INDEX. 131 Names of Places. Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, ........ Shrewsbury, Shrewsbury, Shull Shullburg, Shutesburg, C. Siasconset, Sidney, Sidney, Sidney, Silex, Silvan, Silver Creek, C. Silver Creek, A. Silver Creek, Silver Lake, SIMPSON, SIMPSON, Simpsonville, Simpsonville, Simsbury, Sing-Sing, Sinking Spring, Sinking Spring, Sistersville, Skaneateles, Skeleton, Sldppack&Perkiomen, Q, Slate Hill, Slatersville, Sligo, Slippery Rock, Slippery Rock, Sloansville, Slote, Smallsburg, Smethport, Smith, SMITH, Smith, Smith, Smith, Smith, B. Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, J. Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, Smithfield, Southland, Smithtown, Smithville, Smithville, Smithville, tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. tsh. tsh tsh t tsh. c. t. t tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . County, . tsh. and t. tsh tsh t tsh. t. .. c. t. tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh t tsh. and t. tsh tsh. t. . . c. t. c. t. tsh. and t. t tsh. and t. tsh t t County. Rutland, . . Worcester, . . . Monmouth, . . Lycoming, . . . York, Martin, Iowa, Franklin, .... Nantucket, . . . Kennebeck, . . Delaware, . . . Shelby, Iowa, Madison, .... Cumberland, . Greene, Clark, Susquehanna,. Montgomery,. Shelby, Hartford, .... West Chester, Berks, ....... Highland,. . . . Tyler, Onondaga, . . . Warrick, .... Montgomery,. . Lancaster, Providence, . . Wilkinson, . .-. , Butler, Mercer, , Schoharie, Rockland, Lawrence, . . . McKean, .... Washington, . Belmont, Columbiana, . . Greene, Posey, Providence, . . Madison, .... Bedford, Fayette, . . Northampton, , Somerset, Isle of Wight, . Jefferson, Monongalia,. . , Johnson, Jefferson, Livinp-ston, . . , Suffolk, Chenango, Gloucester, Brunswick, . . State. Vt. Mas. N.J. Pa. Pa. In. M. T. Mas. Mas. Me. N. Y. O. M.T. N. Y. Pa. O. In. Pa. Mis.T Ken. Md. Ken. Ct. N. Y. Pa. O. Va. N. Y. In. Pa. Pa. R.I. Mi. Pa. Pa'. N. Y. N. Y. II. Pa. Pa. Ten. O. O. In. In. R.I. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. Va. Va. N. C. O. Ken. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. N. C. Ref. Letters Vc Wd Tf Re Hh Ed Vd X e Yb Sd Jf Oc Sd Qf Kg Ih Re Do Hj Qg Ih Ve U e Rf Kg Mg Rd Gh Sf Rff We Co Ne Ne Td Te Gh Pe Nf Ij Mf Mf Gg Gh We Sd Re Og Se Og £j Qg Og Pk Nf Fi Uf Sd Tg P m Popula tion. 1,289 1,386 4,700 2,571 986 2,191 1,410 240 1,793 1,719 516 2,680 5,815 77 2,221 109 3,812 559 1,275 1,523 2,089 19,906 1,877 829 6,857 2,636 1,131 1,080 2,214 388 1,686 1,839 D. fr. Wash 472 400 215 72 72 659 982 392 507 611 335 482 1,058 362 109 443 590 280 7 580 338 257 145 437 274 336 714 160 81 399 1,189 254 260 388 244 698 273 246 288 297 658 718 401 358 246 171 215 173 204 65 198 313 266 798 271 319 190 445 D. fr. Cap. 77 36 50 38 38 121 78 109 12 100 86 117 10 47 105 172 44 29 12 120 47 78 320 149 173 99 60 18 155 214 288 30 125 88 200 233 131 158 76 174 16 106 135 170 128 164 80 180 276 27 136 260 197 123 8S 178 132 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Smith's Corner, Smith's Grove, P. O. . Smith's, P. O Smoketown, Smyrna, Smyrna, SMYTH, Sneedsboro', Snickers ville, Snowhill, Snowhill, Snufftown, Snydertown, Snyderstown, Society Hill, Society Land, J. Sodus, Solesbury, Solon, Solon, Solon, Somerhill, Somerhill, Somers, Somers, Somers, SOMERSET, Somerset, Somerset, C. Somerset, SOMERSET, SOMERSET, Somerset, , Somerset, Somerset, F. SOMERSET, Somerset, Somerset, Somerset, Somerset, Somerton, Somerville, Snmerville, Somersworth, . . . . D . Sommerton, Sommersville, South Amboy, Southampton, Southampton, SOUTHAMPTON, . South Bainbridge, . . . South Beaver, . . . . C . Southhend, South Berwick, . . . B . South Boston, Southborough, . . . .F. Southbridge, South Brunswick, . . . Southbury, South Dover, South-East, B. tsh. and t. t County, . c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh tsh County,, t tsh. and t. County, . . County,. . tsh c. t. tsh. . . . County, c. t. . . . tsh. c. t. c. t. tsh. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, tsh. tsh. tsh. County. Cayuga, Warren, . ... Spartanburg, . Cumberland, . Chenango, . . . Kent, Anson, Loudon, .... Worcester, . . Greene, ..... Sussex, Northumberl'nd Northumberl'nd Darlington, . . . Hillsborough, . Wayne, Bucks, Somerset, .... Cortland, .... Cuyahoga, . . . Crawford, .... Cambria, .... Tolland, West Chester, Preble, Windham, Bristol, . . . Niagara, . . Somerset, . . . Somerset, . . . Washington, Pulaski, Belmont, Perry, Franklin, . . . Belmont, . . , Somerset, . . . Morgan, Strafford, . . , Nansemond, , Fayette, Middlesex, . . Franklin, . . , Somerset, . . . Chenango, . . Beaver, St. Joseph, . . York, Halifax, Worcester, . . Worcester, . . Middlesex, . . New Haven,. Dutchess, . . . Putnam, State. N. Y. Ken. S. C. Pa. N. Y. Del. Va. N.C. Va. Md. N.C. N.J. Pa. Pa. S. C. N. H. N. Y. Pa. Me. N.Y. O. Pa. Pa. Ct. N.Y. O. Me. Vt. Mas. N.Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Md. Ken. O. O. In. O. N.J. Al. N. H. Va. Ten. N.J. Pa. Pa. Va. N.Y. Pa. In. Me. Va. Mas. Mas. N.J. Ct. N.Y. N.Y. Ref. Letter! Rd Hi Mi Qf S d Sg Mj Ni Qg Sh Qk Te Re Rf 01 Wc Qc Sf Yb Rd Me Ne Pf Ve Ue J S Ya Vd We Fc Tf Of Of Of Nf Sh Jl Mg Lg Ig Mg Tf Gi Xc Rj Ek Tf Qf Qj Sd Nf He Xc Pj Wd Vd Tf Ue Ue Ue Popula- tion. D. fr. Wash. 1,859 164 3,528 2,659 768 2,033 85 644 852 1,429 1,997 1,692 35,787 245 1,023 871 17,689 17,762 2,515 649 1,573 20,166 230 1,786 576 59 3,090 3,782 1,655 712 16,074 828 1,577 1,080 2,173 2,557 1,557 2,036 305 673 485 105 348 102 424 49 164 298 243 183 166 420 358 170 647 320 64 310 177 357 284 496 *428 415 415 165 143 165 143 222 202 601 309 354 536 305 199 751 490 242 873 211 98 146 318 263 631 494 224 409 380 185 307 317 299 CONSULTING INDEX. 133 Names of Places. South-East, Southfield, C Southfield, South Florence, . Soutli Frankfort, South Hadley, K. South Hampton, South Hampton, South Hampton, South Hampton, South Hampton, South Hampton, . . . South Hero, Southold, South Huntingdon, . Southing-ton, Southing-ton, South Kingston,. . . . South Middleton,. .D Southport, South Reading-, . . . O . South Shenango, South Union, Southville, South Washington, . . South West, Southwick, Sowego, Spalfbrd, Sparta, Sparta, Sparta, Sparta, ■ Sparta, Sparta, P.O Sparta, Sparta, Sparta, Sparta, Sparta, Sparta, SPARTANBURG, . Spartanburg, Speedwell Fur'ce.P.O. Spencer, Spencer, Spencer, SPENCER, Spencer, SPENCER, Spencer, Spencer, Spice Valley, SPOTSYLVANIA,. Spotsylvania, Spottedville, Spottswood, Sprigg. Spring, Spring, Spiingborough, . . . h . Class. tsh tsh tsh t t t t t tsh tsh tsh tsh t tsh. and t. tsh t tsh c. t tsh tsh tsh t t t tsh t t tsh tsh t t. . . . tsh t c. t. tsh District, t tsh. and t. County,. . tsh County, . . t tsh tsh County, . . t tsh. tsh. tsh. County. Orange, Richmond, . . . Oakland, .... Franklin, .... Franklin, .... Hampshire, . . Rockingham,. Hampshire, . . Suffolk, Bedford, .... Bucks, Cumberland, . Grand Isle,. . . Suffolk, Westmoreland. Hartford, .... Trumbull,. . . . Washington, . Cumberland, . Tioga, Middlesex, . . . Crawford, Logan, St. Lawrence,. New Hanover, Orange, Hampden, . . . York, Onondaga, . . . Livingston, . . West Chester, Sussex, Crawford, .... Washington, Edgecomb, . . Hancock, .... Conecuh, .... Concordia, . . . White Stark, Dearborn, .... Spartanburg, Claiborne, . . . Worcester, . . Columbia, . . . Tioga, Guernsey, . Owen,. . . . Jennings, . Lawrence, Spotsylvania, , Stafford, Middlesex, . . . Adams, Centre, , Crawford, Warren, State. In. N. Y. M. T. Al. Ken. Mas. N. H. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Vt. N. Y. Pa. Ct. o. R. I. Pa. N. Y. Mas. Pa. Ken. N. Y. N. C. In. Mas. Pa. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. N. C. Geo. Al. La. Ten. O. In. S. C. s. c. Ten. Mas. N. Y. N. Y. Ken. O. In. In. In. In. Va. Va. Va. N.J. O. Pa. Pa. O. Ref. Letter; Hh Tf Kd Gl Jh Vd Xd Vd U f Pg Sf Qf Ub Ve Of Ve Me We Qf Rd Wd Ne Hj Td Ql Hh Vd Kg Rd Qd Ue Te O e Nf Qk K m G o Cn Ik Mf Iff M 1 Ml Kj Vd Ud Rd Ii Mg Hh Hg Ih Hh Qh Qh Qh Tf Kh Qf Ne Jff Popula tion. 971 307 1,185 487 1,244 4,850 1,323 1,227 1,486 717 2,900 2,294 1,844 219 3,663 2,073 1,454 1,311 686 1,355 2,647 3,777 304 28 21,150 1,618 1,278 6,812 864 3,196 15,134 70 69 202 1,739 1,293 690 370 D.fr. Wash 632 221 538 798 551 377 469 366 321 113 159 100 532 317 204 322 306 389 155 273 447 288 697 453 378 637 353 80 327 331 254 236 310 239 261 618 971 1,136 623 310 513 477 525 398 361 272 318 624 582 641 192 313 477 D. fr. Cap. 99 167 12 145 1 90 43 99 24^ 90 121 38 55 242 180 17 166 31 118 203 15 251 157 172 142 94 88 60 152 231 123 78 343 222 81 24 20£ 312 92 122 108 104 233 50 26 181 77 52 61 81 85 9.^9 M 134 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. P. Spring Creek, Spring Creek, ... .A. Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, M . Springfield, Springfield, Springfield,. . Springfield, . Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, C. Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, F. Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Springfield, Spring Garden, . . .J. Spring Grove, P. O.. . Spring Hill, Spring Hill, P. O. . . . | Spring Hill, Spring Hill, Spring Mount, Spring Place, Springport, D. Springtown, Springtown, Springville, Springville, Springville, Springwater, Springwells, Staatsburg, Stafford, Stafford STAFFORD, I Stafford, C.H. Stafford Springs, Stafford, tsh. tsh. t. .. c. t. tsh tsh tsh. and t. tsh tsh t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. c. t. tsh. and c. t. tsh tsh tsh. and t. . . tsh t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. c. t. t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. ., t. . . tsh. t. . . tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, c. t. . . . tsh County. Warren, Miami, ...... Sullivan, Windsor, Hampden, . . Otsego, ■ Burlington, . Essex, Bradford, . . . Bucks, Cumberland, Delaware, . . Erie, Huntingdon, Mercer, .... Montgomery, Cumberland, Hampshire, . Effingham,. . Greene, .... Livingston, . , Robertson, . . Washington, Clark, , Columbiana,. Gallia Hamilton,. . . Jefferson, . . . Jefferson, . . . Muskingum, Portage, .... Richland, . . . Ross, Franklin, . . . Posey, Sangamon,. . St. Clair, Washington, York, Alachua, . . . Fayette, .... Lenoir, ..... Mobile, Maury, Dyer, Murray, .... Cayuga, Ulster, Bucks, Erie, , Susquehanna, Marion, .... Livingston, . Wayne, Dutchess, . . . Genesee, Monmouth, . Stafford, Stafford, , Greene,. Pa. O. N. H. Vt. Mas. N. Y. N.J. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. Va. Geo. Al. La. Ten. Ken. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. In. In. II. II. Mo. Pa. FT. Pa. N. C. Al. Ten. Ten. Geo. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. N. Y. Pa. S. C. N. Y. M.T. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. Va. Va. Va. In. Ref. ■ Letters Oe Jf Vc Vc Vd Td Tf Tf Re Sf Qf sg Ne Qf N e Sf PI Pg Mn En Dp Hj Ii Kg Nf Lh Jg Nf Nf Lg M e Lf Lg J g Gh Eg Eh Pi Rg Lq Og Qk Fp Gh Ej I i Rd Te Sf Pd Re 01 Qd Kd Ue Pd Tg Qh Qh Qh Gh Popula- 701 1,521 1,221 1,068 663 618 2,602 2,063 747 3,025 1,041 177 1,813 1,206 1,036 930 1,603 1,934 1,528 1,514 2,253 2,368 2,059 9,362 D. fr. Wash. 335 471 469 453 363 386 169 216 255 170 112 124 330 121 263 149 139 118 671 910 1,712 727 601 439 290 365 491 279 266 339 329 385 401 531 742 801 230 918 87 890 221 329 1,039 744 874 626 333 298 179 346 261 451 323 526 312 365 192 "46 88 658 CONSULTING LXDEX. 135 Names of Places. Stag Hill, Stamford, Stamford, Stamford, Standish, Stanford, Stanford, Stannardsville, Stantonsburg, Star, STARK, Stark, or Piercy, . . . Starks, Starks, Starkey, B. Starksboro', Statesboro\ Statesburg, Statesville, Statesville, Statesville, Statler's Town, Staunton, Staunton, Staunton, Staunton, Stephentown, Stephensport, Sterling, Sterling, Sterling, Sterling, Sterling, . . . .' Sterling, Stetson's Plantation, Steuben, STEUBEN, Steuben, Steubenville, Stevensburg, Stevensburg, STEWART, STEWART, Stewart's Corner, . . . Stewartstown, Stewartsville, Ste warts ville, P. O. . Stibensville, Stillwater, Stillwater, Stirling, Stirling, Stock, Stockbridge, Stockbridge, Stockholm, Stockport, Stockland, Stockton, Stockton, Stoddard, tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. . . . County, t. .. tsh. tsh. t .. c. t. c. t. c. t. tsh. and t. . t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. County, tsh tsh. and c. t. t County, , County, . tsh. tsh. tsh. and t. tsh. ...... tsh. and t. tsh. tsh. County. New Hanover, Bennington, . . Fairfield, .... Delaware, Cumberland, . Dutchess, .... Lincoln, Orange, Edgecombe, . . Hocking, .... Coos, Somerset, Herkimer, . . . Yates, Addison, Bullock, Sumpter, Iredell, Autauga, Wilson Harrison, McKean, Augusta, Miami, Henry, Rensselaer,. . . Breckenridge, Worcester, . . . Windham, . . . Wayne, Brown, Crawford, .... Clark, Penobscot, . . . Washington, . Oneida,. . Jefferson, Culpeper, Hardin,. . Cayuga, Coos, Westmoreland, Richmond, . . . Randolph, .... Saratoga, .... Sussex, Franklin, .... Cayuga, Harrison, .... Windsor, .... Berkshire, .... St. Lawrence, Wayne, St. Charles, Chautauque,. . . Greene, Cheshire, State. N. C. Vt. Ct. N. Y. Me. N. Y. Ken. Va. N. C. O. O. N. H. Me. N. Y. N. Y. Vt. Geo. S. C. N. C. Al. Ten. Va. Pa. Va. O. In. N. Y. Ken. Mas. Ct. Pa. O. In. U. Me. Me. N. Y. N. Y. O. Va. Ken. Geo. Ten. N. Y. N. H. Pa. N. C. Va. N.Y. N.J. Vt. N.Y. O. Vt. Mas. N.Y. Pa. Mo. N.Y. In. N. H. lief. Letter* Pi Ud Ue Td Xc Ue Jl Ph Qk Mf Wb Yb Td Qd Ub Mn Nm Nk Hh Hj Ng P e Oh Jf Ig Ud Hi Wd We Se Kg Hh Gg Yb AZb Qd Sc Nf Qh I i Jn Gj Rd Wb Of 01 Nh Ud Te Vb Re Mf Ve Ud Tb Pf Ph Od Gg Vc Popula tion. 563 3,712 1,597 2,023 2,521 363 295 26,588 236 471 1,781 2,285 1,342 1,081 2,716 64 1,794 1,240 49, 556 114 695 33,851 2,094 3,696 6,968 529 2,601 1,381 183 1,436 1,066 1,333 1,580 1,914 1,605 1,159 D. fr. Wash 419 411 262 367 539 322 567 114 280 363 629 401 300 503 671 488 396 894 666 230 289 163 470 532 377 554 40 375 237 454 632 688 673 707 405 260 83 641 328 605 204 398 239 397 236 530 374 289 481 357 495 29] 886 354 655 458 D. fr. Cap. 155 137 70 58 68 92 51 92 66 37 69 190 41 117 32 146 126 48 308 210 121 74 41 21 116 40 45 146 87 111 149 63 107 103 149 96 DO 164 164 181 112 228 20 78 41 172 134 48 127 227 188 113 323 83 40 136 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. STODDARD, Stoddardsville, Stokely, STOKES, Stokes, Stoneham, N. Stone Lick, Stonerstown, Stoney Creek, Stoney Creek, Stoney Ridge, Stonington, Stony Creek, Stouehestown, Stoughton, E. Stoughstown, Stow, Stow, Stow, Stow Creek, A. Stoystown, Strabane, Strabane, STRAFFORD, .... Stratford, Strafford, Strafford, Strasburg, Strasburg, K . Strasburg, County, . County, . tsh Strasburg, Strasburg, Strasburg, Stratford, Stratford, Stratford, Stratham, I Stratton, Strawhntown, Streetsborough,. . .G Strikersville, Strong, Strongsville, D . Stroud, F. Stroudsburg, Stumptown, Sturbridge, Sturges' Prairie, Stuyvesant, Success, Sudbury, Sudbury, Suffield, Suffield, SUFFOLK, SUFFOLK, Suffolk, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. ., tsh. tsh. tsh tsh County, . tsh. t. .. t. .. t- .. t. .. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. t. .. tsh. and t. t t t , t tsh , County, . . , County, . . , c. t tsh tsh tsh tsh Luzerne, . . . Rutherford, County. Madison, . . . Middlesex, . . Clermont, Bedford, Henry, Randolph, Ulster, New London,. . Somerset, Berks, Norfolk, Cumberland, . . Washington, . . Middlesex, Portage, Cumberland, . . Somerset, Washington, . . Adams, Nansemond,. Armstrong, . Venango, . . . Greene Stark, Strafford, Orange, Tolland, Franklin, Lancaster, Lancaster, York, Shenandoah,. . . Tuscarawas, . . Coos, Fairfield, Montgomery,. . Rockingham,. . Windham, Bucks, Portage, Schoharie, Somerset, Cuyahoga, Northampton, . Northampton, . Lebanon, Worcester, . . . St. Joseph, Columbia, Coos, Rutland, Middlesex, Hartford, Portage, State. Mo. Pa. Ten. N. C. O. Mas. O. Pa. In. In. N. Y. Ct. Pa. Pa. Mas. Pa. Vt. Mas. O. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. N. H. N. H. Vt. Ct. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. O. N. H. Ct. N.Y. N. H. Vt. Pa. O. N.Y. Me. O. Pa. Pa. Pa. Mas. M.T. N.Y. N. H. Vt. Mas. Ct. o. Mas. N.Y. Va. Pa. Pa. O. O. Ref. Letters Rf Hk Nj Kg Wd Jg Pf If If Te We Pf Rf Wd Qf Vb Wd Me Sg Pf Nf Qg W c Wc Vc Ve Qf Rg Kg Rg Ph Mf Wb Ue Tc X c Vc S f Me Td Xb Me Se Sf Rf Vd Ie Ud Wb Uc Wd Ve Me W d Vf Rj Of Ne Kg Mf Popula- tion. 16,196 560 732 1,344 3,397 1,025 1,591 1,570 1,220 790 791 2,599 1,308 58,910 2,201 1,935 2,515 4,036 19 443 1,814 551 939 312 415 985 634 1,631 1,688 2,331 14 812 1,423 2,690 397 62,163 26,780 1,840 1,351 2,339 1,263 D. fr. D. fr. Wash. Cap. 239 131 -697 45 426 30 440 8 476 104 124 102 546 49 530 90 303 68 368 55 148 125 148 35 431 16 107 31 539 22 417 24 332 120 177 71 155 133 224 207 76 28 502 28 499 33 362 27 99 47 114 48 116 48 74 37 89 153 107 323 574 133 287 48 433 63 478 43 434 108 175 100 327 134 372 48 631 47 361 123 219 118 219 118 139 29 376 57 613 137 360 12 586 119 466 72 418 20 352 17 325 117 224 102 220 288 285 218 459 63 327 104 CONSULTING INDEX. 137 Names of Places. Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Creek, Sugar Grove, Sugarloaf, Sugarloaf, Sugarloaf, Suggsville, Sullivan, SULLIVAN, Sullivan, SULLIVAN, Sullivan, Sullivan, SULLIVAN, Sullivan, SULLIVAN, Sulphur Springs, . . . Sulphur Springs, . . . Sum many town, Sumrnerfield, Sumrnerfield, Summerville, Summersville, Summersville, Summersville, Summit, Summit 4 corners,. . Sumner, SUMNER, Sumnersville, SUMTER, SUMTER, SUMTER, Sumterville, Sunbury, , Sunbury, , Sunbury, Sunbury, Sunbury, Sunderland, Sunderland, B. Sun fish, Sunkhaze, Surgoinsville, Surry, Surry, E. SURRY, Surry, C.H. SURRY, SUSQUEHANNA,. . Susquehanna, Susquehanna, ....D. SUSSEX, SUSSEX, \ SUSSEX, Class. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh. and t. . t tsh tsh t t County, . . . t County, . . . tsh. and t. . tsh County, . . . tsh County, tsh. t. .. tsh. County, . District, County,. County, . c. t c. t tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. County, t County,. County, . tsh tsh County, . County, . County, . County. Tuscarawas, . Wayne, Boone, Hancock, . . . Montgomery, . Parke, Shelby, Vigo, Warren, Orange, Columbia, Luzerne, Clark, Hancock, Cheshire, Madison, Tioga, . . . State. Hot Springs, . . Independence, . Montgomery,. . Monroe, Monroe, Cayuga, ' Nicholas, Charleston,. . . . Greene, Schoharie, .... Schoharie, .... Oxford Gates, . humter, Northumberl'nd Gates, Liberty, Delaware, Monroe, Bennington, Franklin, . . Pike, Penobscot, . Hawkins, . . Hancock, . . , Cheshire, . . , Surry,. Cambria, Dauphin., O. O. In. In. In. In. In. In. Pa. N. Y, Pa. Pa. AI. Me. N. H. N. H. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Ten. O. In. A. T. A.T. Pa. O. M. T. N. Y. Va. S. C. Ken. N. Y. N. Y. Me. Ten. N.C. s. c. Geo. Al. S. C. Pa. N.C. Geo. O. O. Vt. Mas. O. Me. Ten. Me. N. H. Va. Va. N.C. Pa. Pa. Pa. N.J. Del. Va. Kef Letter Mf Mf Hf Ig Hf Gg Ig Gg Oe Te Re Rf Go Zb Vc Vc Te Sc Qe Lj Le Gg Al Ck Sf Mg Ke Rd Nh Nm li Td Td Xb Hj *j Nm J n Fn Nm Rf Rj Mo Lf Mg Uc Vd Kg Zb Lj Zb V d Ri Ri Nj Se Pf Rf Te Sh Qj Popula tion. 962 1,697 D. fr. Wash. 289 748 741 678 1,486 538 19,669 555 12,364 4,077 804 10,073 206 4,630 52 324 336 620 577 625 637 580 657 32 271 201 206 962 691 371 1,733 1,098 20,569 28,277 1,056 518 908 463 666 568 250 561 539 7,109 14,504 16,787 722 1,427 20,346 27,115 12,720 1,145 1,037 166 309 490 322 310 563 630 371 371 593 249 481 162 257 702 389 143 430 389 414 677 441 685 437 183 194 110 D. fr. Cap. ~97 99 6S 15 67 65 25 85 254 112 91 96 159 93 437 349 248 58 129 142 101 79 95 83 112 42 147 268 85 95 52 52 44 152 44 52 160 212 22 291 102 88 I 65 82 274 87 58 60 14; M 2 138 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Sussex, C. H. Sutton, '. Sutton, Sutton, Sutton, Swan, Swairisbord' Swansboro', Swansey, Swan ton, Swantown, Swanville, Swanzy, Swatara, Swatara, F. Swataraville, Sweden, Sweden, Swedesfroro', . , . . . i . . Sweet Spring's, SWITZERLAND,. . Switzerland, Swope Town, Sycamore, Sycamore, Symmes, D. Symmes, Syracuse, Taberg, Tabernacle, Taghkanic, Taitsville, TALBOT, TALBOT, Talbot, P. O Talbotton, TALIAFERRO, . . . TALLAHASSEE, . . TALLAPOOSA, . . . TALLADEGA Talmadge, Tamworth, Tamarind, Tammany town, Taneytown, Tappan, Tappahannock, Tarbord 1 , Tarry town, Tarleton, Tate, TATNALL, ! Tatnall, C.H. Taunton, i Taylorsville, i Taylorsville, TAZEWELL i Tazewell, Tazewell, TAZEWELL, Tecumseh, Class. c. t. tsh. tsh. ;sh. County, . tsh t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. tsh. and t. t County, . . County, . . c. t. County, . Capital, . County, . County, . sh c. t. c. t. t t. . . . . . tsh. . . . County, County, c. t. County, tsh. . . . Count}'. Sussex, Merrimack, Caledonia, . Worcester, . Meigs, Hocking, . . Emanuel, . . Onslow,. . . . Bristol, Franklin, . , Kent, Waldo, Cheshire, . Dauphin, . Lebanon, . Schuylkill, Oxford, . . . Monroe, . . . Gloucester, 3ionroe, . . , Monroe, . . . Lancaster, . Crawford,. . Hamilton, . Hamilton,. . Lawrence, . Onondaga, . Oneida,. . . . Burlington, . Columbia, . . Baldwin,. . . Izard T . Talbot, Leon, Portage, Strafford, Scbuylkill, . . . Juniatta, Frederick, . . . Rockland, Essex, Edgecomb, . . . West Chester, Pickaway, — Clermont, Tatnall,. Bristol, . Patrick, Spencer, Mecklenburg 1 , Claiborne,. . . . Lenawee, State. Va. N. H. Vt. Mas. O. O. Geo. N.C. Mas. Vt. Md. Me. N. H. Pa. Pa. Pa. Me. n. y. N.J. Va. Is. O. Pa. O. O. O. O. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. N. Y. Al. Md. Geo. A. T. Geo. Geo. F.T. Al. Al. O. N.H. Pa. Pa. Md. N. Y. Va. N.C. N. Y. O. O. Geo. Geo. Mas. Va. Ken. Va. Va. Ten. II. M.T. Eel'. Setters Qj Wc Vb W d Mg Lg Ln Ql We Ub Sg Zb Vd Rf Rf Rf Xb Pc Sg Nj I h Ng Rf Kf Jg J? Lh Re Sc Tg Ud Go Rg Jn Bj Jn K m Jp Hn Hn Me We Rf Qf Qd Te Ri Qk Ue Lg Jh Ln Ln We Nj lh Mi Pj Kj Ef Jd Popula- tion. 1,424 1,005 2,186 411 290 1,678 2,158 633 1,816 2,771 1,510 487 2,146 7,028 445 354 2,779 1,158 246 1,654 12,947 5,940 4,934 1,218 1,554 4,934 2,323 2,040 6,042 5,749 4,716 D. fr. Wash. 172 480 553 393 348 362 633 377 408 549 99 647 427 102 136 150 553 376 155 263 284 128 432 484 479 380 342 412 161 357 986 1,124 754 896 332 525 182 148 68 241 109 252 252 397 477 757 415 333 586 221 491 512 D. fr. Cap. ~50 24 50 45 99 55 79 160 CONSULTING INDEX. 139 Names of Places. Tecumseh, Tekatoka, TELFAIR, Tell, Tcllico Plains, P. O. . Temple, Temple, Templeton, Teonista, Teonista, TERRE BONNE,.. Terrehaute, Tevvksbury, Tewksbury, c. Theaville, Theresa, The Ridge, Thetford, Thibadeauxville, THOMAS, Thomaston, T/iomaston, Thomasville, Thompson, Thompson, , Thompson, Thompson, Thompson, Thompsonston, Thorn, Thornbury, S. Thornbury, N. Thorndike, Thornton, Thorntown, Thornville, Three Forks, P. O. Throopsville, Thunderbolt, Ticonderoga, Tiffin, B. Tiffin, . . Tiltonsville, c . Timoka, Tinicum, Tinicum, O. Tinmouth, Tinton Falls, TIOGA, Tioga, TIOGA Tio ff a, TIPPECANOE, . . . Tippecanoe, Tippecanoe, TIPTON, Tiptonsport, Tisbury, Tiverton, Tiverton, Tobin, c. t. County, tsh. ... tsh. . . . tsh. . . . Parish, c. t t. .. tsh. c. t. County, . tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. c. t. tsh. tsh. County, . tsh County, . tsh County, . tsh tsh County, . t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. County. Lenawee, Pope, Huntingdon, Monroe, .... Kennebeck, . Hillsborough, Worcester, . . Venango, . . . Warren, .... Vigo, Middlesex, Hunterdon, Georgetown, . . . Jefferson, St. Mary's, Orange, La Fourche, Int Lincoln, . . . Upson, Thomas,. . . Windham, . Sullivan, . . . Delaware, . Geauga, . . . Seneca,. . . . Juniatta, . . . Perry, . . Chester, . . . Delaware,. . Waldo, Grafton, . . . Boone, Perry, Barren,. . . . Cayuga, . . . Chatham, . . Essex, Adams,. . . . Seneca, .... Jefferson, . . Musquito, . . Bucks, Delaware,. . Rutland, . . . Monmouth, Tioga,. Tioga,. Carroll, .... Tippecanoe, Carroll, . . . Dukes, . . . Newport, . Coshocton, Perry, .... State. M. T. A. T. Geo. Pa. Ten. Me. N. H. Mas. Pa. Pa. La. In. Mas. N.J. S. C. N. Y. Md. Vt. La. Geo. Me. Geo. Geo. Ct. N. Y. O. O. 0. Pa. O. Pa. Pa. Me. N. H. In. O. Ken. N. Y. Geo. N. Y. O. O. O. F.T. Pa. Pa. Vt. N.J. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. In. In. In. Ten. In. Mas. R.I. O. In. Ref. Letters Kd Ak Ko Qf Jk Xd Wd Vd Oe Oe Cq Gg Wd Tf Om Sb Rh Vc Dq Jp Yb Jn Jp W e Te Kf Me Le Qf L g Sg Sg Yb Wc Hf Lg Ih Rd Mn Uc Kh Ke Nf Jp Sf Sg U c Tf Rd Rd Qe Qe Hf Hf Hf Ek Hf Xe W e Lf Hi Popula tion. 2,136 824 975 648 1,552 480 2,121 1,527 1,659 2,113 3,299 4,214 3,383 2,457 234 737 362 1,735 183 610 652 1,049 168 1,996 1,570 " 60 2,087 182 1,049 27,690 1,411 9,062 408 7,187 5,317 1,317 2,905 237 1,223 D. fr. Wash 512 1,153 122 756 619 452 412 257 301 655 439 211 465 430 95 493 1,371 622 729 87 378 278 427 344 417 141 363 119 119 635 527 620 363 662 342 666 474 460 431 278 881 176 125 452 213 268 254 666 648 657 491 410 410 653 D. fr. Cap. ~ 63 85 56 183 40 41 56 190 228 83 23 45 135 178 114 36 108 49 ' 87 235 43 113 31 184 92 34 37 79 87 40 51 62 37 122 159 171 97 101 85 130 332 111 99 81 48 173 148 93 75 94 93 16 16 143 140 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Toboyne, Toby, Tobyhanna, Toby's Creek, TODD, Tolland, TOLLAND, Tolland, Tom's River, Tomlinson's, P. O.. . . TOMPKINS, Tompkins, Tompkinsville, Tonnewanta, Topsfield, Topsham, Topsham, Torrington, Towanda, Towamensing, . . .R. Towamensing, Towsentown, , Townsend, Townsend, Townsend, Townsend, Trap, Trap, Trap, Trap, Traptown, Transylvania^ Treaty Ground, P. O. Tredyfrin, Trenton, Trenton, TRENTON, Trenton, Trenton, Trenton, Trenton, Trenton, Trenton Bridge, P. O Trescott, Triana, Triangle, TRIGG, Trimble, Trinity Tripes Hill, TROUP, Troupsburg, Troupsville, Troy, Troy, Troy, Troy, Troy, Troy ..., Troy, Troy Class. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. ... County, t County, County,. tsh c. t tsh. and c. t. tsh tsh U t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh t tsh. and t. Capita], . . tsh c. t c. t. t. .. t. .. tsh. County, , tsh t County, . tsh t tsh. and c. t. tsh tsh t County. Perry, Armstrong, . Northampton, Venango, Hampden, Tolland, Monmouth, . Alleghany, . . Delaware, . . . Monroe, Niagara, . Essex, Lincoln, Orange, Litchfield, . . . Bradford, Montgomery,. Northampton, Baltimore, . . . Windham, . . . Middlesex, . . . Huron, Sandusky, . . . Montgomery, . Somerset, Talbot, Worcester, . . . Frederick, . . . Oldham, Wabash, Chester, Hancock, Oneida, Hunterdon, . . Hunterdon, . . Jones, Gibson, Todd, Butler, Jones, Washington, . Madison, Broome, Athens, Alexander, . . Montgomery, Steuben, Wayne, Waldo, Cheshire, Orleans, Bristol, Rensselaer, . , Bradford, . . . Crawford, . . . Luzerne,. State. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Ken. Mas. Ct. Ct. N.J. Md. N. Y. N. Y. Ken. N. Y. Mas. Me. Vt. Ct. Pa. Pa. Pa. Md. Vt. Mas. O. O. Pa. Md. Md. Md. Md. Ken. In. Pa. Me. N. Y. N.J. N.J. N. C. Ten. Ken. O. N. C. Me. Al. N. Y. Ken. O. II. N. Y. Geo. N. Y. N. Y. Me. N. H. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Ref. Letters Qf Oe Se Oe Gj Ud Ve Ve Tg Og Rd Sd Ij Oc Xd Yc Vb Ue Re Sf Sf Rgr V e Wd Le Le Sf Sh Kg Rg Qg Ih If Sf Zb Sc Tf Tf Qk Ek Gj Jg Qk BZ 1 HI Sd Gj Lg Ei Td I m Qd Qc Yb Vd Vb We Ud R e Ne Re Popula- tion. 2,310 1,362 279 8,680 723 18,702 1,638 36,545 1,774 218 1,010 1,567 1,384 1,654 978 669 1,171 1,386 1,506 202 196 1,582 794 3,221 3,925 5,916 190 5,799 666 803 676 608 4,158 11,556 874 146 250 D. fr. Wash 117 236 209 250 358 352 221 152 '305 653 394 455 569 512 334 139 149 194 45 432 432 397 426 152 142 93 146 48 584 609 134 685 396 166 166 357 853 741 490 350 774 741 313 354 855 406 279 359 634 433 582 425 3S3 259 287 227 CONSULTING INDEX. 141 Names of Places. Troy, Troy, Troy, Troy, Troy Troy, Troy, Troy, Troy Trumansburg, Trumbull, TRUMBULL, Trumbull, Truro, Truro, Truxton, Tuckahoe, Tuckerton, Tuckersville, Tuftonboro', Tully, Tully, Tullytown, P. O Tulpchocken, L . Tunbridge, Tunkharnnock, Turbet, Turbut, Turin, Turkey foot, Turleytown, Turman, Turner, Turncrsville, Turtle Creek, Turtle Creek, TUSCALOOSA, TUSCALOOSA,.... TUSCARAWAS,... Tuscarawas, E . Tuscarawas, Tuscarawas, Tuscarora, Tuscarora, Tuscumbia, TWIGGS, Twin, Twin, Twin, Twinbury, , Tyler, TYLER, Tylersville, Tymochte, Tyngsborough, . . . Q Tyre, Tyrec Springs, P. O. Tyrjngham, Tyrone, Tyrone, Tyrone, tsh. tsh. c.t County, .' . tsh t tsh tsh. and t. t c. t. tsh tsh tsh tsh. and t. c. t t t tsh. and t. tsh tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. t tsh tsh Capital, . . County, . . County, . . tsh tsh t County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh t County. Obion, Athens, Delaware,. . Miami, Richland, . . , Oakland,... Fountain, . . Perry, Lincoln, Tompkins, . Fairfield,. . . Ashtabula, . . . Barnstable, . . . Franklin, .... Cortland, Cape May, . . . Burlington, . . . Wayne, Strafford, .... Onondaga, . . . Marion, Greenville, . . . Berks, Orange, Luzerne, Juniatta, Northumberl'nd Lewis, Somerset, .... Rockingham, . Sullivan, Oxford, Robertson, . . . Shelby, Warren, Tuscaloosa, . . Coshocton, . . Stark, Tuscarawas, Juniatta,. . . . Schuylkill, . . Franklin, . . . County, . t. tsh. t. .. tsh. id t. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. Dark, Preble, Ross, Portage, Cattaraugus,. State. Jefferson, .... Crawford, .... Middlesex, . . . Seneca, Sumner, Berkshire, . . . Steuben, Adams, Fayette, Ten. O. O. o. o. M.T. In. In. Mo. N. Y. Ot. o. o. Mas. 0. N. Y. N.J. N.J. Geo. N. H. N. Y. O. s. c. Pa. Vt. Pa. Pa. Pa. N. Y. Pa. Va. In. Me. Ten. O. O. Al. Al. O. O. 0. O. Pa. Pa. Al. Geo. O. O. o. o. N.Y. Va. N.Y. O. Mas. N.Y. Ten. Mas. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Ref. Letters Ej M,g Kf Jf Lf Kd Gf Hh Ch Rd Ue Ne M e Xd Lg Rd Tg Tg Mo Wc Rd Lf LI Rf Vc Re Qf Re Sc/ Qg Ph Gg Xb Gj Jf Jg Gm Gm Mf Mf Mf Mf Qf Rf Gl Kn J g Kg Me Pd Ng Sc Kf Wd Rd Hj Ud Qd Qg Of Popula- D. fr. D. fr. tion. Wash. 863 Cap. 161 650 327 100 368 419 26 504 474 78 987 380 63 562 36 654 81 505 673 148 913 97 301 174 1,242 290 50 26,153 112 341 182 1,547 507 109 688 388 6 3,885 324 131 192 85 189 65 711 180 1,375 520 39 1,640 325 128 281 409 54 532 113 2,256 145 35 1,920 498 31 1,039 250 142 1,134 146 39 3,388 176 66 1,561 425 128 1,281 185 163 130 129 679 106 2,220 586 28 737 35 296 488 92 4,943 468 858 83 13,646 14 298 679 336 84 1,524 329 106 61 321 112 827 123 70 183 78 794 141 8,031 590 491 93 1,228 483 87 1,893 413 47 396 335 142 340 295 4104 4,732 408 153 725 439 73 822 446 34 1,482 346 34 725 19 1,350 368 119 1,880 297 194 " 817 81 24 1,139 200 173 142 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Tyrone, Tyrone, TYRREL, ULSTER, Ulster, C Ulysses, A Unadilla, Underhill, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, UNION, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union,. Union, D . Union, Union, UNION, UNION, UNION, UNION, UNION, Union, Union, d Union, Union, Union, , Union, Union, , Union, Union, , Union, , Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, , Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, ...C. UNION, Union, Union, Union, Class. tsh , tsh County, County, tsh tsh , tsh. and t. . , t t t tsh. and t.». , Village,. . . . t tsh County, tsh tsh tsh. and c. t. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh t c. t. District, County,. County,. County, . County, . tsh t tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh t tsh tsh tsh tsh. tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh County. Huntingdon, . Perry, Bradford, . . . Tompkins, . . Otsego, Chittenden, . Lincoln, .... Tolland, Broome, Rensselaer, . . Washington, Essex, Berks, Erie, Fayette, Huntingdon, . Luzerne, Mifflin Schuylkill, . . . Union, Loudon, . . Monroe, Belmont,. . . . Belmont,. . . . Brown, Butler, Champaign, . Clermont, . . . Clinton, Fayette, Harrison, . . . Highland, . . . Knox, Lawrence, . . Licking, Logan, Madison, . . . Mercer, Miami, Monroe, Morgan, Muskingum, Muskingum, Ross, Scioto, .... Stark, Union, Warren, .... Washington, State. Boone, . . . Crawford, . Dearborn, . Pa. Pa. N. C. N. Y. Pa. N. Y, N. Y, Vt. Me. Ct. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. Va. S. C. Geo. A. T. Ken. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. 0. 0. O. O. O. O. 0. O. O. 0. 0. o. 0. In. In. In. In. Kef. Letters Pf Qf Rk Te Re Rd Sd Vb Yb Ve Rd Ud Uc Tf Qf Sf e Og Pf Re Qf Rf Rf Qg Ni Ml Jl B m Gi Kf Mf Mf Kh Jg Kf Jg Kg Kg Mf Kg Lf Lh Lf Kf Kg Jf Jg Mg Lg M f Lg Kg Kh Mf Kf Jg Mg Jg Hf Hg Jh Popula- tion 813 2,758 4,732 36,550 405 3,130 2,313 1,051 1,612 711 2,121 1,405 20,656 1,046 238 2,475 1,370 1,075 1,757 477 2,085 D.fr. Wash. 17,906 640 4,764 3,192 2,151 139 2,516 1,171 957 1,382 2,763 1,662 938 836 851 668 1,439 982 1,469 174 1,578 590 562 1,337 73 2,654 674 132 700 1,606 532 7,944 163 117 246 298 333 527 621 3G6 291 363 415 213 140 319 193 160 208 169 198 168 52 267 284 288 478 482 441 480 444 418 296 446 362 398 361 462 422 515 480 312 347 326 348 408 425 332 428 470 311 598 638 536 CONSULTING INDEX. 143 Names of Places. Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, Union, UNION, Union, Union, Union, East, Union, West, Union Miss. Station, Union Springs, Union Square, Union Town, Uniontown, Unionville, Unionville, Unionville, Unionville, Unionville, Unitia, Unity, Unity, Unity, . Unity, Unity, Unity Town, Upper, Upper, Upper Alloway's Creek Upper Alton, Upper Bern, k Upper Chichester, . P . Upper Darby, . . . . R . Upper Dublin, . . . .S. Upper Elkton, Upper Freehold, Upper Hanover, Upper Mahantango,C . Upper Mahanoy, .... Upper Makefield,..L. Upper Marlboro'', .... Upper Merion, . . . . T . Upper Milford, Upper Mount Bethel, I Upper Nazareth,. ,H. Upper Oxford, Upper Paxton,. . . .E. UpperPeach Tree,P.O. Upper Penn's Neck, D Upper Providence, . J . Upper Providence, . U . Upper Salford, Upper Sandusky, .... Upper Saucon, Upper Smithfield, .... Class. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. ... tsh. ... tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. ... County, t t. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. c. t. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. ., tsh. tsh. County. Grant, Johnson,. . . . Madison, . . . Montgomery, Parke, Perry, Rush, Shelby, Union, .... Vanderburg, Vermillion, . Franklin, . . . Wayne, Columbiana, . Cayuga, Oswego, Frederick, .... Jefferson, Dutchess, Orange, Chester, Frederick, .... Union, Blount, Waldo, Sullivan, Westmoreland, Columbiana,. . . Columbiana,. . . Montgomery,. . Cape May, .... Lawrence, .... Salem, Madison, Berks, Delaware, .... Delaware, .... Montgomery, . . Giles, Monmouth, . . . Montgomery,. . Schuylkill, .... Northumberl'nd Bucks, Prince Georges, Montgomery,. Lehigh, Northampton, Northampton, Chester, Dauphin, . . . Wilcox, Salem, Delaware,. . . . Montgomery, . Montgomery,. Crawford,. . . . Lehigh, Pike, State. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. II. U. Mo. 0. O. Mo. T N. Y. N. Y. Md. Mi. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Md. S. C. Ten. Me. N. H. Pa. O. O. Md. N.J. O. N.J. II. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Ten. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Md. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Al. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. O. Pa. Pa. Ref. Letters I f Hg If Hf Gg Hh Ig I* Jg Gi Ei Ff Ch Mg Nf ZBj Rd Re Qg Co Ue Te Sg Qg Ml J k Yb Vc Of Nf Nf Qg Tg Lh Sg Dh Rf Sg Sg Sf Gk Tf Sf Rf Rf Tf Rh Sf Sf Sf Sf Rg Rf Gn Sg Sg! Sf Sf Kf Sf Te Popula- tion. 517 399 3,239 1,366 90 1,833 1,199 1,258 2,990 1,757 165 1,067 589 2,136 2,117 431 1,325 1,292 4,826 1,300 1,150 1,742 1,517 1,618 2,829 2,241 942 900 1,636 u. fr. Wash. 569 598 561 617 630 642 553 575 511 734 703 901 340 386 1,636 748 1,682 1,108 1,905 1,300 333 37 73 1,127 327 281 107 58 467 568 628 462 182 27 270 27 199 415 177 84' 149 116 127 153 749 177 173 157 147 171 18 139 180 208 194 99 137 943 178 122 149 163 430 187 249 D. fr. Cap. 61 22 45 44 58 132 40 30 82 176 170 79 92 170 160 149 65 93 87 121 70 80 77 194 33 48 160 162 165 64 92 124 71 66 49 95 101 167 87 11 84 44 133 133 23 87 90 121 101 58 23 129 54 96 80 83 64 £'4 141 144 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Upper Tulpehocken,M Uppcrville, UFSON, Upton, Urbanna, Urbanna, Urbanna, Urbanna, Utica, Utica, Utica, Uwchland, Uxbridge, Valitje, Vallee's Mines, P.O.. Valonia, Van Buren, Van Burcn, VAN BUREN...... Van Buren, Vanceborough, . . . A . Vanceburg, Vance's Ferry, P. O. . tsh. t. .. County, . tsh. and t. t tsh. ..,.'. t VANDEKBURG, . . Vannsville, VAN WERT, Varennes, Varick, Vassalborough, Vaughan, Veale, , Veilleboro', , Venango, Venango, Venango, VENANGO, Venice, Venice, d Venice, Venus, Verbank, Vergennes, Vermillion, Vermillion, Vermillion, VERMILLION, . . . Vermillion, VERMILLION, . . . Vennillionville, Vernon, Vernon, C Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, tsh tsh. and tsh t t t tsh t County, . t t. t Capital, . County, . County,. t tsh t. t tsh t tsh tsh tsh County, . tsh t tsh t t t tsh tsh t , County, . tsh County, . t County. Berks, . . . Fauquier, Worcester, Steuben, Middlesex, . . . Champaign, . . Champaign, . . Oneida, Licking, Clarke, Chester, Worcester, . . . Columbia, .... Jefferson, .... Jackson, Onondaga, . . . Crawford, . . . Vermillion, . . . Washington, . Lewis, Orangeburg, . Fayette, Prince George's, Anderson, . Seneca, Kennebeck, Somerset, . . Daviess, . . . Caroline,. . . Butler, Crawford, . . Erie, Cayuga, . , Butler, . . , Seneca, . . , Hancock, , Dutchess, Addison,. , Huron, . . ; Richland, Richland, t t tsh. and t. . tsh. and t. . Vermillion, . La Fayette, Windham, . Tolland, . . . Oneida,. . . . Sussex, .... tsh Crawford, . . t Troup, t Autauga, . . Madison, . . Hickman, . . Clinton, Richland, . . tsh. tsh. State. K. Va. Geo. Mas. N. Y. Va. O. O. N.Y. O. In. Pa. Mas. N.Y. Mo. In. N.Y. A. T. M. T. II. Me. Ken. S. C. II. In. Md. O. S. C. N.Y. Me. Me. In. Va. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. N.Y. O. O. II. N.Y. Vt. o. o. o. In. In. II. La. Vt. Ct. N.Y. N.J. Pa. Geo. Al. Mi. Ten. O. O. Ref. Letters Rf Qh Jn Wd Qd Ri Kf Kf Sc Lf Ih Sf Wd Ud Dh Hh Re Z Ak Hd Ff A Z a Kh Nm Eh Gh Jf LI Rd Yb Ya Gh Qh Oe Ne Nd Oe Rd* Jg Le Cf Ue Ub Le Lf Lf Gg Gg Ff Bq Vd Ve Sc Te Ne Im Hn Dn Gk Kg Lf Popula- tion. D. ff. iD. fr. Wash. Cap. 1,456 7,013 1,167 1,288 2,354 1,102 8,323 194 1,423 2,086 2,890 2,611 "49 u 2,761 30 494 886 684 9,470 2,445 121 999 505 1,451 94 5,692 5,836 681 1,164 3,045 2,377 902 153 54 404 307 142 447 447 383 375 591 128 392 358 889 607 354 1,297 718 804 443 517 781 14 556 324 607 695 673 70 245 309 321 1,043 234 316 496 416 914 327 494 399 369 385 658 1,351 418 352 365 246 304 750 879 1,073 776 453 398 CONSULTING INDEX. 145 Names of Places. Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernon, Vernonburg, . . . Verona, Verona Centre,. Versailles, Versailles, Versailles, Versailles, Vershire, Vestal, Veteran, Vevay, Vicksburg, Victor, Victory, Victory, Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, 7 ienna, Vienna,. ...... Vienna,. ...... Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Class. tsh tsh tsh tsh. and c. t. tsh t tsh. and t. . . t tsh c. t. tsh. and c. t. tsh tsh tsh. and c. t. t tsh. and t. . . t VIGO, Village Springs, Villanovia, , Villemont, , Vinalhaven, Vincennes, Vincent, Vinegar Hill, Vineyard, B Vineyard, Vinton, Violet, Virgil, Virginia, Visalia, Volney, Voluntown, Voorhesville, WABASH, Wabash, Wabash, Wabash, WABASH, Waddington, Wadesborough, Wadesborough, Wading River, Wadsworth, Waertown, Waitsfield, tsh. t. .. tsh. and t. t t County. tsh tsh. and t. t County, . Scioto, Trumbull, ... Jackson, Jennings, Washington, . Chatham, Oneida, Oneida, Allegany, Williamson, . . Woodford, . . . Ripley, , Orange, Broome, Tioga, Switzerland, . Warren, Ontario, Essex, Cayuga, Kennebeck, . , Oneida, , Ontario, Dorchester, . Stokes, Abbeville, . . . Pickens, Daviess, Trumbull, . . Scott, Johnson,. . . . tsh. c. t. tsh. and c. t. tsh t t t tsh tsh tsh. and t. . . tsh t tsh. and t. . . t t County, tsh tsh tsh County, . . . , t c. t c. t t tsh t t Blount, Chautauque,. . Chicot, Hancock, Knox, Chester, Jo. Daviess, . . Grand Isle,. . . Washington, . Athens, Fairfield, Cortland, Coshocton, . . . Campbell, Oswego, ... . Windham, . . . Montgomery, . Fountain, . . . Parke, Tippecanoe, , St. Lawience,. Anson, Callaway, Suffolk, Medina, Monmouth, . . Washington, . N State. o. o. In. In. In. Geo. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Ten. Ken. In. Vt. N. Y. N. Y. In. Mi. N. Y. Vt. N. Y. Me. N. Y. N. Y. Md. N. C. s. c. Al. Ken. O. In. II. In. Al. N. Y. A. T. Me. In. Pa. II. Vt. A.T. O. O. N. Y. O. Ken. N. Y. Ct. N. Y. In. In. In. In. II. N. Y. N. C. Ken. N. Y. O. N.J. Vt. Ref. Letters Popula- tion. Lh Ne Hi lh Hh Mo Sc Sc Of Hk Jh Hi Vc Rd R d lh Cn Q d Wb Re Xe Sc Qd Sh Nj L m Fm Gi N e lh Fi Gg Hm Od Cm Zb Go Sf Dd Ub Z Ak Lg Lg Rd Mf Jh R e We Td If Gf Gg Hf Gh Sb Nf Fj Vf Me Tg Vb 542 640 D. fr. Wash. 3,739 *9ii 901 1,260 946 1,616 2,270 53 1,819 722 1,766 910 5,766 1,126 1,794 2,147 459 108 1,812 3,912 416 3,618 1,304 2,710 163 '965 957 406 289 593 575 618 669 397 368 210 733 546 551 50 290 284 556 1,089 344 559 365 624 393 339 118 567 537 924 716 289 599 817 D. fr. Gap. | 110 180 74 64 93 184 113 116 187 31 13 79 301 154 190 105 54 203 73 167 25 125 188 81 123 101 66 180 165 86 167 774 358 1,134 646 693 142 995 561 1,255 372 384 306 343 502 371 377 404 649 644 644 494 410 801 294 346 20 3 ( 511 81 318 184 73 126 75 *85 187 72 10 148 77 9- 159 54 41 75 72 71 222 134 262 220 108 82 18 146 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. WAKE, Wakefield, Wakefield, Wake Forest, P. 0. . Wakeman, Walden, Walden, , WALDO, Waldo, , Waldoboro', Wales, E. Wales, Wales, Walker, Walker, Walker, WALKER, Walker, C. H. Walker, Walkerton, Walkerville, , Wallace,. Wallingford, Wallingford, Wallkill, Walnut, Walnut, Walnut, Walnut, Walnut Creek, ...B, Walnut Hill, Walnut-town, Walpack, Walpole, Walpole, Waltham, A. Waltham, T, Walthourville, , Walton, WALTON, WALTON, Waltonham, Walworth, Wanboro', Wantage, Wanton's, P. O Ward, I Ward, Wardsboro', Ware, WARE, Wareham, Waresboro\ Warminster, N Warminster, Warm Springs, .... Warner, Warnersville, Warren, Warren, Warren, County, ish. Count}'', . tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . c. t tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. t tsh. and t. County,. . County, . . t tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. t .. County. c.t. tsh. t. .. c.t. Stratford, . Shelby, . . . Wake, . . . Huron, . . Caledonia, Orange, . . Waldo, . . , Lincoln, . , Lincoln, . . Hampden, Erie Centre, . . . Juniatta,. Mclvean, , County. Walker, Rush, King &. Queen. Centre, Daviess, New Haven, . . Rutland, Orange, Fairfield, Gallia, Pickaway, Montgomery,. . Holmes, Marion, Berks, Sussex, Cheshire, Norfolk, Addison, Middlesex, Liberty, Delaware, St. Louis, . . . Wayne, Edwards, . . Sussex, Alachua,. . . Worcester, . Randolph, . . Windham, . . Hampshire, Plymouth, . . Ware, Bucks, Nelson, Bath, Merrimack, . Hardiman, . . Lincoln, Grafton, . . . , W T ashins'ton, State. N. C. N.H. II. N. C. O. Vt. N. Y. Me. Me. Me. Me. Mas. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Al. Al. In. Va. Pa. In. Ct. Vt. N.Y. O. O. o. In. 0. II. Pa. N.J. N. H. Mas. Vt. Mas. Geo. N.Y. Geo. F.T. Mo. N. Y. U. N.J. F.T. Mas. In. Vt. Mas. Geo. Mas. Geo. Pa. Va. Va. N.H. Ten. Me. N.H. Vt. itef. Letters Pk Wc Fg Pk Le Vb Te Yb Yb Yb Xb Vd Pd Qf Qf Pe Fo G m lg Qi P f Gh Ve Vc Te Lg Lh Lg Hg Mf Gh Sf Te Vc Wd Ub W d Mo Sd K m Hp Dh Qc Fh Te Lp Wd Jf Vc Vd Lo Xe Lo S f Pi Oh W c Ek Yb Wc Vb Popula- tion. 20,398 1,470 242 827 29,788 534 3,113 612 665 1,470 1,076 1,387 2,202 2,418 1,741 4,056 2,200 427 1,592 "601 660 1,979 1,442 330 1,857 1,663 10,929 1,753 4,034 690 378 1,148 2,045 1,205 1,885 ron 2 222 2,030 702 765 D. fr. Wash. 521 749 292 404 548 281 645 610 574 369 377 200 142 273 '834 561 123 172 663 313 456 272 372 373 386 609 331 811 154 240 435 418 490 431 698 329 865 361 735 241 876 394 528 441 382 441 776 156 160 212 473 837 617 515 504 CONSULTING INDEX. 147 Names of Places. Warren, Warren, WARREN, Warren, Warren, Warren, WARREN, WARREN, Warren, Warren, Warren, Warren, WARREN, WARREN, WARREN, WARREN, WARREN, WARREN, Warren Warren, Warren, E. Warren, Warren, Warren, WARREN, Warren, Warren, Warren, WARREN, Warrenburg, Warrensburg, Warrenton, Warrenton, Warrenton, Warrenton, Warrentown, Warrington, O . Warrington, M . Warrensville, E . WARRICK, Warrior's Mark, . .A. Warsaw, Wawarsing, Warwick, Warwick, Warwick, Warwick, Warwick, Warwick, WARWICK, Warwick, C. H. Warwick, WASHINGTON,... Washington, D . Washington, WASHINGTON, . . . Washington, Washington, WASHINGTON,... WASHINGTON, .. . Washington, County, . tsh t tsh County, . County, . tsh tsh c. t County, . , County, . . County, . . County, . . County,. . County,. . tsh tsh. and t. tsh c. t. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, tsh. . . . c. t. t t tsh tsh tsh County, . . tsh tsh. and t. tsh t tsh. and t. tsh tsh. . . . t County, c. t. tsh. . . . County, t t County, County, County, tsh. . . . County. Bristol, . . . Litchfield, Herkimer, Rockland, . Somerset, . Bradford, . Franklin, . Warren, . . Albemarle, Belmont, . . . Jefferson, . . , Trumbull, . , Trumbull, . . Tuscarawas, Washington, Marion, . Putnam, Warren, . Warren, . . . Greene, Warren, . . . Fauquier, . . Warren, . . . Warren, . . . Armstrong,. Bucks, York, Cuyahoga, . Huntingdon, Genesee, Ulster, . . . , Franklin, . . Kent, Orange, Bucks, Lancaster, . . Cecil, Warrick, . . . Tuscarawas, Lincoln, . Sullivan, , Orange, . , Berkshire, Dutchess, . State. R.I. Ct. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. N.J. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Va. N. C. Geo. Mi. Ten. Ken. O. o. o. o. 0. o. o. In. In. In. In. II. N.Y. Ten. N. C. Va. Geo. Mi. Pa. Pa. Pa. O. In. Pa. N.Y. N.Y. Mas. R.I. N.Y. Pa. Pa. Md. Va. Va. O. Me. Me. N. H. Vt. Vt. Mas. R.I. N.Y. N.Y. Kef. Lettei We Ue Uc Td Te Tf Sf Oe Re Qg Oe Pi Pj L m Cn Hk Hi Jg Mf Nf Ne Ne Mf Mg Gf is H g Gf Of Uc Kj Pj Qh L ra Cn Of Sf Rf Me Gh P f Pd Te Vd We Te Sf Rf Sg Ri Ri Mf AZ A Yb Vc Vb Vb Ub W e Uc Ue Popula tion. 1,800 986 11,796 2,084 1,561 18,627 4,706 756 572 11,877 10,946 7,861 15,210 10,949 21,468 2,295 1,516 1,158 501 1,685 649 2,861 617 308 1,191 512 1,230 449 2,877 2,474 2,738 1,150 5,529 5,009 1,132 3,848 1,570 21,294 1,135 1,135 21,378 1,374 701 15,411 42,635 3,036 D. fr. Wash 405 11 318 46 384 62 257 116 201 41 270 85 313 148 297 274 297 297 301 309 567 614 669 471 472 229 51 617 1,098 215 157 100 348 168 365 295 411 406 265 158 120 102 184 323 81 106 615 457 35 32 515 384 14 119 D. fr. Cap. 159 75 240 89 128 142 157 157 120 101 94 256 57 107 49 63 187 118 17 147 110 248 81 74 12 116 115 37 65 317 91 148 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Washington, Washington Washington, WASHINGTON, .. . Washington, Washington, G. Washington, Washington, Washington, AVashington, Washington, E . Washington, Washington, Washington, K. WASHINGTON, .. . WASHINGTON, . . WASHINGTON, . . . WASHINGTON, .. . Washington, WASHINGTON, .. . Washington, WASHINGTON,... Washington, WASHINGTON, .. . WASHINGTON, .. . Washington, Washington, C.H. ... WASHINGTON,... Washington, WASHINGTON, .. . WASHINGTON, .. . Washington, WASHINGTON,... Washington, WASHINGTON,... Washington, WASHINGTON,... Washington, C. Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, B. Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, or Ccn- trcville, a. Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, .B. Class. t tsh tsh County, . t tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. c. t. tsh. . . . tsh. . . . County, City, . . County, County, County, . c. t County, . County, . County, . c. t. c. t. County, Parish, County, County, . t County, . c. t County, tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . tsh. . . . t tsh. tsh. t. . . tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsli. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. County. Orange, . . . Burlington, Morris, Columbia, .... Fayette, Franklin, .... Indiana, Lancaster, . . . Lycoming, . . . Union, Washington, . Westmoreland, York, Culpeper, Beaufort, Wilkes, . Autauga, . . . Washington, Adams, . Hempstead, Rhea, . Mason, , Brown, Clermont, Columbiana, . Coshocton, . . Dark, Fayette, .... Franklin, . . . Guernsey, . . . Guernsey, . . . Harrison, . . . Hocking, . . . Holmes, .... Jackson, .... Licking, .... Marion, .... Miami, Montgomery, , Montgomery,. Pickaway, . . . Preble, .... Richland, Scioto, Stark, State. Kef. Letters N. Y. T.e N.J. T-R N.J. Tf Pa. Nf Pa. Re Pa. Og Pa. Re Pa. Of Pa. Rff Pa. Qe Pa. Rf Pa. Nf Pa. Of Pa. Rf Md. Qff D. Col. Rh D. Col. Rh Va. Mj Va. Ph N. C. Rk N. C. Qk Geo. L m Geo. L m F. T. IP Al. Fo Al. Hn Al. Fo Mi. Dn Mi. Co La. Bn A. T. ZAi A.T. A m Ten. M Ten. Ik Ken. Ii Ken. Kh 0. Mg 0. Kg 0. J h 0. Mf 0. Lf 0. Jf 0. Kg 0. Kf 0. Mf 0. Mf 0. Mf 0. Lg 0. Lff 0. 1*R 0. Lf 0. Lf 0. Jf 0. Jg 0. Jff 0. kg 0. Jff 0. Lf 0. Kh 0. Mf Popula. tion. 1,315 2,188 42,680 2,926 5,181 957 607 1,200 2,085 1,816 2,153 1,037 25,268 18,826 30,261 15,614 D. fr. Wash. 4,552 9,820 3,474 1,976 2,286 2,182 10,995 19,017 868 11,731 514 2,085 1,447 780 423 299 351 802 372 908 161 617 293 951 433 1,149 2,285 2,280 2,016 1,338 690 573 273 165 210 182 209 79 191 95 189 157 229 212 96 81 302 *578 869 982 1,146 1,198 "593 "482 454 481 275 348 509 422 408 304 308 293 362 353 382 71 399 476 467 467 393 488 374 423 128 CONSULTING INDEX. 149 Names of Places L Washington, Washington, Washington, WASHINGTON, . . . Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, A. Washington, Washington, A . Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, ....... Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, Washington, B. Washington, Washington, A. Washington, WASHINGTON,... Washington, WASHINGTON,... Washingtonville, .... WASHITA, WASHTENAW, .. Waterboro', Waterboro', Waterboro', Water bury, Waterbury, Waterford, Waterford, Waterford, Waterford, C Waterford, Class. tsh tsh tsh County, . . tsh tsh tsh tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . . t County, . Waterford, W aterford, Waterford, Waterford, Waterloo, Waterloo, Waterloo, Waterloo, Waterloo, Waterloo, A, Waterloo, Water Town, Water Town, Water Town, Water Town, Waterville, Waterville, A Parish, . . County, . . t t c. t t t t t t tsh. and t. tsh tsh. and t. t t tsh. and t. . . tsh. and c. t. tsh. tsh. t. Waterville, t Oneida, tsh. and c. t. tsh t t County. Tuscarawas, Warren, Macomb, . . . Boone, Clark, Clinton, Daviess, Decatur, Delaware, . . . Greene, Hendricks, . . . Knox, Marion, Monroe, Morgan, Owen, Parke, Pike, Putnam, Randolph, . . . Ripley, Rush, Tippecanoe, . . Warren, Washington, . Wayne, Clinton, . . , Oswego, . . - York, Chautauque, . . . Colleton, .... Washington, New Haven, Oxford Caledonia, . . New London, Saratoga, . . . Gloucester, . . Erie, Juniatta, . . . Loudon, Washington, Seneca, Juniatta, .... Laurens, .... Laudcrvale, . Athens, Fayette, .... Monroe, ..... Middlesex, . . , Litchfield, . . , Jefferson, Washington, . Kenncbcck, . . Franklin, .... State. o. o. M. T In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. II. II. Mo. N. Y. La. M. T. Me. N. Y. S. C. vt. Ct. Me. Vt. Ct. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Pa. Va. O. N. Y. Pa. S. C. Al. O. In. II. Mas. Ct. N. Y. O. Me. Vt. N. Y. Ref. Letter Mf Jg Ld Hk Hf Ih Hf Gh Ig If Gk Hg Gh Hg Hg Hg Hg Gg Gh Gg Jf Ig Ig Hf Gf Hh lg Eh Eh Oi Re Bn Kd Xc O d Nn V b U e Xb W b Ve Ud Tg Ne Qf Qg Mg Rd Qf LI Fl Lg Ig Dh Wd Ue Sc Mg Y b Vb Sd Popula tion. 433 1,190 899 13,064 984 D. fr. Wash. 2,404 1,675 6,784 5,140 4,042 1,814 1,650 3,071 1,123 1,358 2,463 1,473 3,088 1,006 906 1,847 216 1,641 1,500 4,768 878 2,216 488 518 330 588 529 323 56 536 351 387 14. 319 123 37 324 336 123 509 826 352 52 880 429 318 412 341 617 555 D. fr. Cap. 319 458 562 105 73 36 615 594 628 673 559 556 653 583 683 578 627 603 622 640 681 619 515 545 525 643 673 613 523 'sis '383 57 94 70 106 55 69 81 10 16 5 41 30 50 68 119 47 105 85 40 70 100 91 75 46 161 81 301 93 12 29 57 50 44 10 35 252 70 159 88 173 70 75 176 65 73 99 7 30 160 59 18 44 364 113 N 150 CONSULTING INDEX. ■nl Names of Places. Watervliet, WATKINVILLE, Wattsville, Watson, Watsonburg, Watson Town,. Wattsville, Waukeenah, Waverly, Wayne, WAYNE, Wayne, , WAYNE, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Waj'ne, WAYNE. ... WAYNE, ... WAYNE, ... WAYNE, ... WAYNE, ... WAYNE, ... Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, ...... Wayne, Wayne, WAYNE, ... WAYNE, ... Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, Wayne, WAYNE, ... WAYNE,... Waynesboro', Waynesboro, . Waynesboro, . Waynesboro, ■ Waynesburg, Waynesburg, tsh. t. . . t. .. tsh. c. t. County, . tsh County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . County, . County, . County, . County, . County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . County, . tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh County, . County, . t c. t c. t c. t t t County. Albany, Clark, Erie, Lewis, Northumberl'nd Hampshire, . . . Erie, Jefferson, Pike, Kennebeck, . . . State. Steuben, Armstrong, Crawford, . . Erie, Greene,. . . . Mifflin, Adams, Ashtabula, Belmont, , Butler, Champaign, . . , Clermont, Columbiana,. . , Dark, Fayette, Jefferson, Knox, Monroe, Montgomery, . , Muskingum, . , Pickaway, Scioto, Tuscarawas, . Warren, Wayne, Pickaway, . . . Bartholomew,. . Henry, Montgomery, . . Marion, Owen, Tippecanoe, . . . Wayne, Augusta, Wayne,. . Burke,. . . Wayne, . . Chester, . Franklin, N. Y. Geo. Pa. N. Y. Pa. Va. Pa. F. T. O. Me. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. Pa. N. C. Geo. Mi. Ten. Ken. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. O. o. o. o. o. o. o. o. 0. 0. o. o. o. o. M.T. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. In. II. Mo. Va. N. C. Geo. Ten. Pa. Pa. Kef. Letter; Ud K m Nd Sc R e fs Nd Jp Kg Xb Qc Qd S e Of Ne Oe Ng Qf Pk Mo Fo Gk Jj Lf Kb. Ne Mf Jg Kf Kg Nf Jf K g N f Lf Mg J? Lf Kg Lh Mf jg Lf K g Kd Ig Hg Ig Gf Hg Hg Gf Jg Fh Dj Ph Pk L m Gk Sf Popula- tion. 4,962 909 66 1,153 33,643 1,172 7,663 878 250 197 1,130 3,691 10,331 963 2,781 6,013 8,685 23,333 1,063 661 1,337 1,514 910 757 1,061 408 1,203 1,773 1,047 273 911 1,284 959 1,151 1,072 2,873 1,343 959 6,781 18,571 4,395 2,553 3,264 200 850 D. fr. Wash. CONSULTING INDEX. 151 Names of Places. Waynesburg, Waynesburg, Waynesburg, Waynesburg, c . Waynesficld, Waynesville, Waynesville, Waynesville, i . WEAKLEY, Weare, Weathersfield, Weathersfield, Weathersfield, ...... Weathersfield,. . . .D. Wheatland, Weaverstown, Webbville, Weckapic, Weeds Port, d. Weigelstown, Weissenburg, . . . . E . Weisesburg, Weld, Weldon, Welfleet, Wells, Wells, Wells, Wells, Wells, Wellington, Wellington, Wellington, Wrtlsborough, Wellsburg, Wellsville, Welshfield, Wendell, Wendell, Wenham, Wenlock, Wentworth, Wentworth, VVentworth's Lo'n..A Werefordsburg, Wesley, West, West, West Alexandria, . . . West Alexandria, . . . W. BATON ROUGE West Bedford, e. West Bethlehem, .G. West Bloomfield, .... Westborough, . . . . G . West Boylston, . . .H. West Bradford, ...V. West Bridgewater, E. West Brook, West Brunswick, .... West Cain t. .. t. .. tsh. c. t. c. t. County, t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. c. t. c. t. t. ., tsh. t. .. c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. Parish, t tsh. t. .. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. County. Greene, . . . Mifflin,... Lincoln, . . Stark, Wood,.... Wayne, . . Haywood, . Warren, . . Hillsborough, Windsor, . . . Hartford, . . . Genesee, .... Trumbull, .. Monroe, .... Berks, Jackson, .... Dutchess, . . . Cayuga, York, Lehigh, .... Baltimore, . . Oxford, Halifax, Barnstable,. . York, Rutland, Hamilton,. . . Bradford, . . . Jefferson, . . . Somerset, . . . Onondaga, . . Lorain, Tioga, Brooke, Columbiana,. Geauga, .... Sullivan,. . . . Franklin, . . . Essex, Essex, Grafton, .... Rockingham, Coos, Bedford, . . . Washington, Huntingdon, Columbiana,. Washington, Preble, Coshocton, . . , Washington, Ontario, Worcester, . . , Worcester, . . , Chester, .... Plymouth, . . , Cumberland, , Herkimer, . . , Chester, Pa. Pa. Ken. O. O. Geo. N. C. O. Ten. N. H. Vt. Ct. N. Y. O. N. Y. Pa. F. T. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Md. Me. N. C. Mas. Me. Vt. N. Y. Pa. O. Me. N. Y. O. Pa. Va. O. O. N. H. Mas. Mas. Vt. N. H. N. C. N. H. Pa. 0. Pa. O. Pa. O. La. O. Pa. N. Y. Mas. Mas. Pa. Mas. Me. N. Y. Pa. Ref, Letter: Ng Qf J i Mf Ke Mo Kk Jg Fj Wc Vc Ve Pd Ne Qd Sf IP U e Re Rg Sf Rg Xb Qj Ye Xc Uc Tc Re Nf Yd Re Le Qe Nf Nf Me Vc Vd Xd Wh Wc Oj W b Pg Me Qf Mf Nf j£ Bn Lf Nf Qd Wd W d Sg W d Xc Tc Sf Popula tion. 98 572 439 4,797 2,432 2,213 3,853 1,179 1,064 2,239 1,285 2,046 2,978 880 340 752 1,303 639 282 169 262 637 874 611 24 924 36 495 1,650 1,491 52 3,084 70 2,048 1,438 1,055 1,550 1,042 3,238 713 1,490 D. ft. Wash 229 160 583 307 461 721 549 467 476 463 335 352 289 363 146 936 291 351 91 180 62 626 199 498 514 444 451 259 261 654 345 377 253 280 284 317 488 403 452 583 511 292 600 139 320 152 294 245 483 349 217 344 403 401 117 429 540 417 134 D. fr. Cap. 222 67 125 136 190 295 71 17 63 5 259 157 234 62 86 91 153 20 72 54 53 65 100 85 88 72 148 142 55 144 111 147 373 166 154 37 82 20 97 55 108 133 88 90 88 140 228 87 71 210 208 30 39 74 24 53 8S 57 ]52 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. West Cambridge, .S. West Carlisle, d. WESTCHESTER,. West Chester, West Chester, West Chester, WestChester, b. West Constable, Western, Western, Westerloo, Westerly, Westerville, Western Port, West Fairlee, West Fallowfield, .X. WEST FELICIANA, . Westfield, Westfield, Westfield, D. Westfield, Westfield, Westfield Westfield, Westfield, Westfield, Westford, Westford, Westford, Westfindley, West Goshen, U. West Greenwich, .... West Hampton, . . D . West Hampton, West Hanover, West Hartwick, West Haven, West Hem pfield, .M. Westland, West Liberty, West Liberty, ....... West Liberty, ..... e . West Liberty, West Libertv, West Liberty, West Maehias, West Manchester,. L. West Marlborough, W Westmiddleton, Westminster, Westminster, Westminster, Westmore, Westmoreland, Westmoreland, . . .B. WESTMORELAND WESTMORELAND Westmoreland, C. H.. West Nantmeal, West Newbury,. . . .G West Nottinc-ham, .Y County, tsh. and c. t, c. t tsh. and t. tsh t tsh. . . . Parish, t tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh t tsh. tsh. t. ., t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. . t. .. tsh. t. .. t. ., tsh. tsh. t. .. c. t. t t tsh. ... County, County, c. t . . . tsh. . . . t tsh. . . . County. Middlesex, Coshocton, West Chester, Chester, Butler, Tuscarawas, . Franklin, Worcester, . . . Oneida, Albany, Washington, . Nash, Alleghany, . . . Orange, Chester, Orleans, Hampden, . . Chautauque, . Richmond, . . Essex, Tioga, Lewis, Delaware,. . . Medina, Chittenden, . Middlesex, . . Otsego, Washington, Chester, Kent, Hampshire, . Suffolk, Dauphin, . . . Otsego, Rutland, .... Lancaster, . . Guernsey, . . . Ohio Morgan, .... Butler, Highland, . . . Logan, Henry, Washington, York, Chester, .... Washington, Windham, . . Worcester, . . Frederick,. . . Orleans, .... Cheshire, . . . Oneida, Westmoreland, Chester, , Essex, Chester, Mas. 0. N. Y. N. Y. Pa. O. O. N. Y. Mas. N. Y. N. Y. R. I. N.C. Md. Vt. Pa. La. Vt. Mas. N. Y. N. Y. N.J. Pa. Va. O. O. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Pa. R.I. Mas. N. Y. Pa. N. Y. Vt. Pa. 0. Va. Ken. O. O. O. In. Me. Pa. Pa. Pa. Vt. Mas. Md. Vt. N. H. N. Y. Pa. Va. Va. Pa. Mas. Pa. Ref. Letter: W d L f Ue Uf Sg 3g Mf Tb Vd S c Td We Qk Og Uc Sg Do Vb Vd Od Sd Tf Qe Ng Kf Le Ub Wd Td Nf Sg We Vd Vf Rf Sd Uc Rf Mf Nf Kli Jg Kg Kf Ig AZb Kg Sg Nf Vc Wd Rg Vb Vd S c Of Rh Rh Sf Xd Re 1,189 2,419 3,321 1,904 841 1,621 8,629 353 2,4 1,733 2,492 494 471 5 1,291 1,329 1,645 1,218 799 1,818 918 2,543 722 3,898 802 50 59 32 190 1,269 1,101 1,737 1,696 32 1,647 3,303 38,500 8,396 1,498 1,586 562 D. fr. Wash 434 352 239 115 493 31 551 381 410 361 376 273 141 500 102 580 358 35 218 218 286 257 411 354 531 429 382 249 115 377 384 304 126 366 461 99 322 275 484 483 434 451 539 743 87 104 243 434 416 66 561 427 369 116 132 471 88 D. fr. Cap. CONSULTING INDEX. 153 Names of Places. Weston, Weston, Weston, Weston, i West Penn, West Pennsborough,F West Point Academy, West Point, West Point, West Port,... F. West Port, West Port, Westport, , West River, West River, West Rushville, West Salem, West Springfield, .... West Stockbridge, . . . West Stockholm, .... West Town, West Turin, West Union, West Union, West Union, Westville, Westville, West Whiteland, West Windsor, . . . D . West Zanesville, . . . f . Wetumpkee, Weybridge, B . Weymouth, Weymouth, Weymouth, Wharton, Whately, Wheatfield, Wheatfield, Wheeler, Wheelersburg, ... .a. Wheeling, Wheeling, Wheeling, Wheelock, Whetstone, Whitby, WHITE, WHITE, White Clay Creek,. C. White Creek, White Deer, White Eyes, E. Whitefield, Whitefields, White Hall, White Hall, White Hall, White Hall, White Hall, White Hall, c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. and t. c. t t. ., tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. tea. tsh. t. .. c. t. t. .. tsh. c. t. tsh. tsh. t. .. t. ., tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. c. t. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. t County, . . County, . . Hundred, tsh tsh tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. id t. County. Windsor, .... Middlesex, . . . Fairfield, .... Lewis, Schuylkill, . . . Cumberland, . Orange, Troup, Hardin, Lincoln, Bristol, Essex, Oldham, Ann Arundel, Randolph, . . . Fairfield, .... Mercer, Hampden, . . . Berkshire, . . . St. Lawrence, Chester, Lewis, Ohio, Adams, Columbiana,. . Franklin, .... Simpson, .... Chester, ... . Middlesex, . . . Muskingum, . Coosa, Addison, Norfolk, Gloucester, . . . Gloucester,. , . Fayette, .... Franklin, .... Indiana, Perry, Steuben, Scioto, Ohio, Belmont, .... Guernsey, . . . Caledonia, . . . Crawford, .... Mecklenburg, New Castle,. . Washington, . Union, Coshocton, Lincoln, Coos, Washington, . Columbia, Lehigh, Bladen, , Marengo, Greene, Vt. Mas. Ct. Va. Pa. Pa. N. Y. Geo. Ken. Me. Mas. N. Y. Ken. Md. In. O. Pa. Mas. Mas. N. Y. Pa. N. Y. Va. O. O. N. Y. Mi. Pa. N.J. O. Al. Vt. Mas. N.J. N.J. Pa. Mas. Pa. Pa. N. Y. O. Va. O. O. Vt. o. Va. Ten. II. Del. N. Y. Pa. O. Me. N. H. N. Y. Pa. Pa. N. C. AI. II. Kef. Letters V c W d U e Nh Sf Qf Te In Ih Yc We Ub Ih Rh If Lg N e Vd Ud Tb Sg Sc Nf Kh Nf Td Oo S f Tf Lf Hn Ub Xd Tg Tg Og Vd Of Qf Qd Lh Nf Mf Mf V b Lf Pj Ik Fh Sg Ud Re M f Yb W b Uc Re Sf PI Gh De Popula- tion. 972 1,091 2,997 1,379 1,733 554 2,779 1,513 314 1,077 134 1,850 1,209 741 1,534 429 90 619 850 2,129 284 850 2,837 3,333 809 1,111 2,961 1,485 1,389 88 1,669 277 834 750 9,967 6,091 1,851 2,446 1,295 445 2,020 684 2,889 D. fr. Wash. 452 425 290 249 179 105 280 762 610 594 421 500 577 49 530 363 281 361 35 490 116 422 257 460 283 551 1,090 127 179 336 859 484 441 180 186 182 386 175 117 307 412 264 279 223 548 407 219 98 419 177 336 599 551 449 201 176 394 927 877 D. fr. Cap. 90 13 61 249 76 24 104 143 72 29 59 123 44 12 87 37 244 78 132 222 78 118 350 101 170 218 56 73 12 59 119 59 12 67 78 181 93 141 64 210 92 357 120 89 39 67 97 47 42 68 91 16 109 72 91 83 108 91 116 154 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. White Haven, Whiteland, East, Whiteland, West, . . . WHITELY, White Marsh,.... V. White Oak, White Oak Point, . . . White Pig-eon, White Plain, White Plains, I. White Plains, White R. Crossings, . White Paver, White River, White River, White River, Whitesboro 1 , White Sulphur Springs White's Town, Whitesvillc, Whitesville, Whitesville, Whitesville, White Water, E. White Water, Whiting, Whiting, Whitingham, Whitley, Whitleysburg, Whitpaine, W. Whiskey Run, Wholebert's, Widner, Wilbraham, B . WILCOX, WILKES, WILKES, Wilkesbarre, Wilkesbofai'i Wilkesville, Wilkins, D. WILKINSON, WILKINSON, Wilmington, Wilmington, Wilmington, Wilmington, Wilmington, Wilmington, Wilmington, Wilmot, A. Willance, Williams, WILLIAMS, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Class. t tsh tsh County, . tsh tsh t tsh t tsh. and t. t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. tsh. t. .. c. t. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. t .. t. .. tsh. t. .. tsh. tsh. t. .. tsh t County,. . . . County, County, tsh. and c.t. c. t tsh. and t. tsh County, . . County,. . t t. .. tsh. c. t. tsh. t tsh. . . . County, t County. Somerset, Chester, . Chester, . Montgomery, . Highland,. . . . Jo. Daviess, . . St. Joseph, . . . Fauquier, West Chester, Greene, Monroe, Gibson, Hamilton, Johnson, Randolph, Oneida, Greenbrier, . . . Oneida, Jefferson, Columbus, . . . Duval, Wilkinson, . . . Hamilton, Franklin, Washington, . Addison, Windham, . . . Greene, Kent, Montgomery, . Crawford, Berks, Knox, Hampden, Luzerne, . Wilkes,.. Gallia,... Allegany, Windham, . . . Middlesex, . . . Essex, New Castle, . . New Hanover, McCracken, . . Clinton, Merrimack, . . Jefferson, .... Northampton, . Penobscot, . . . Hampshire, . . Huntingdon, . Northampton, Washington, . Talbot, State. Md. Pa. Pa. Ken. Pa. O. II. M. T. Va. N. Y. Geo. A. T. In. In. In. In. N.Y. Va. N.Y. N.Y. N. C. F. T. Mi. O. In. Me. Vt. Vt. Pa. Del. Pa. In. Pa. In. Mas. Al. N. C. Geo. Pa. N.C. O. Pa. Geo. Mis.T, Vt. Mas. N.Y. Del. N.C. Ken. 0. N. H. FT. Pa. O. Me. Mas. Pa. Pa. Pa. Md. Ref. Letters Sh Sf Sf Jj Sf Kg Dd Ie Qh Ue Kn CI Gh Hf Hg Jf Sc Qh Sc Sc PI L P Co Jg Jg AZb Uc Vd Ng Sg Sf Hh Rf Gh Vd G o Mj L m Se Mj Lg Of Kn Co Vd Wd Ub Sg PI Fi Kg W c Kp Sf Je Ya Vd Pf Sf Nf Sg Popula- tion. 994 850 3,806 1,924 1,054 607 '759 684 1,176 4,410 1,734 309 653 1,477 1,875 1,13' 2,034 9,548 11,968 14,237 2,233 476 1,917 6,513 11,686 1,367 731 695 12 616 835 2,707 387 227 1,236 80 D. fr. Wash. 143 131 127 148 454 990 625 59 252 616 1,009 697 585 583 523 387 254 387 408 462 826 1,174 515 514 764 472 425 225 94 142 629 143 673 367 222 403 374 217 419 446 525 108 416 827 444 503 918 184 693 384 155 207 214 D. fr. Cap. CONSULTING INDEX. 155 Names of Places. Williamsburg, WILLIAMSBURG, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsport, Williamsburg-, Williamsburg', Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Williamsboro', Williamsfield, Williamsport, Williamsport, , Williamsport, Williamsport, , Williamsport, Williamsport, Williamson, WILLIAMSON,.... Williamston, Williamstown, Williamstown, Williamstown, Williamstown, Williamstown, Willia.msville, Williamsville, Willingboro', D Wellington, , Willington, , Willisboro', , Williston, C. Willistown, Willet, Willow Grove, Willow Grove, Willow Grove, P.O.., Willow Springs, Willow StTeet, Wills, Wiltshire, Willtown, Wilna, Wilson , WILSON, Wilsonville, Wilton, Wilton, Wilton, Wilton, Winchendon, Winchester, , Winchester, Winchester, Winchester, Winchester, Winchester, Winchester, Winchester, , Winchester, c . District, c. t. c. t. tsh.andt. t t. .. tsh. c. t. c. t. tsh. and t. County, . . c. t t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh t t. tsh. and t. t tsh. tsh. t. .. t. .. t t, tsh tsh. and c. t. tsh tsh County, . tsh. t. . . c. t. c. t. County. James City, . Baldwin, . . . Covington, . . , Maury, , Jackson, Mason, Whitely, .... Clermont, . . . Clay,.. Granville,. . . Ashtabula, . . , Lycoming, . . . Washington, Washington, , Pickaway, . . . Stark, Warren, Wayne, Martin, Orange, .... Berkshire, . . Oswego, .... Barbour,. . . . Grant, Erie Person, Burlington, . Tolland,.... Abbeville, . . . Essex, Chittenden, . Chester, Cortland, . . . Montgomery,, Kent, Sumter, Iowa, Lancaster, . . , Guernsey, . . , Van Wert, . . , Colleton, Jefferson, Niagara, Pike, Kennebeck, . Hillsborough, Fairfield, . . . Saratoga, . . • Worcester, . . Cheshire, . . . Litchfield, . . Frederick, . . Wayne, .... Franklin, . . . Clark Adams, Greene, Guernsey, . . Mat.'. Va. S. C. Al. Mi. Ten. Ten. Ken. Ken. O. In. N. C. O. Pa. Pa. Md. O. O. In. N. Y. Ten. N. C. Vt. Mas. N. Y. Al. Ken. N. Y. N. C. N.J. Q S. C. N. Y. Vt. Pa. N. Y. Pa. Del. S. C. M.T. Pa. O. O. S. C. N. Y. N. Y. Ten. Pa. Me. N. H. Ct. N. Y. Mas. N.H. Ct. Va. Mi. Ten. Ken. O. O. o. Ilef. Letters Rf Om Fp Eo Gh Ij Kh T j J g" Gg Pj Ne Qe Of Qg K g Mf Gf Qc Hk Ok Vb Ud S c Lo Jh Pd Oj Tf Ve L m Ub Ub Sf Sd Sf Sg Nl Ed Rg Mf Jf Nn Sb Oc Hj Sf Xb Wd Ve Uc Vd Vd Ue Pg Fo Hk Jh Kg K g Mf 'opulu tion. 9,018 50 1,609 528 624 1,801 26,638 1,' 2,134 606 197 782 1,305 1,316 1,606 1,411 840 1,596 49 1,602 913 25,472 1,640 1,039 2,095 1,373 1,463 2,052 1,766 620 " 8 96 D. fr. Wash 163 1,038 1,087 745 656 470 557 469 644 24 297 196 214 74 404 304 668 385 268 513 395 395 850 520 386 263 154 358 553 534 515 131 320 150 107 458 1,019 104 306 533 581 442 424 230 611 453 277 419 419 417 340 71 1,008 684 516 464 463 308 D. fr. Cap. 60 246 83 54 75 75 130 102 72 59 189 87 192 107 36 131 95 206 106 11 135 137 221 44 283 68 14 23 97 157 30 77 137 112 7 64 40 91 146 115 151 294 138 38 37 58 42 61 78 29 150 165 82 45 93 80 95 156 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. Winchester, Winchester, Windham, Windham, WINDHAM, Windham, WINDHAM, Windham, Windham, Windham, Windham, Windham, Windrock, Windsor, WINDSOR, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor, Windsor. Windsor, East, . . .A. Windsor, West, Winfield, Winhall, Winnsboro 1 , Winslow, Winthrop, Winton, Wiscasset, Woburn, R. Woicot, •. Woicot, Woicot, Wolf Creek, Wolfsboro', Wolftown, WOOD, WOOD Wood, Woodberry, Woodberry, Woodbridge, Woodbridge, Woodbridge, Woodbury, W'oodbury, Woodbury, Woodcock, Woodford, WOODFORD Woodhull, Woodsboro', Woodsfield, Woodstock, Woodstock, Woodstock, t, County, . County, . t c. t. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. t. .. County, , t t tsh. and t. tsh tsh c. t tsh. and t. tsh tsh tsh tsh tsh t c. t. c. t. tsh. and t. tsh t County, . . County, . . tsh tsh. and t tsh t. ....... tsh. and t . t. t. , c. t tsh t County, . . tsh. t. c t t t t Preble, Randolph, . . . Cumberland, Rockingham, Windham; . Greene,. Bradford, . . Luzerne,. . . . Portage, Venango, . . Kennebeck, , County. Windham, . Windsor, . . Berkshire, . . Hartford, . . . Broome, Berks, York, Bertie, Ashtabula, . . Morgan, Lawrence, . . Middlesex, . . Middlesex, . . Herkimer, . . Bennington, . Fairfield, . . . Kennebeck, . Kennebeck, . Hertford, . . . Lincoln, Middlesex, . . Orleans, New Haven, Wayne, Mercer, Strafford, . . . Madison, . . . Clark, Bedford, Huntingdon, New Haven,. Fayette, Middlesex, . , Caledonia, . . Litchfield, . Gloucester, . Crawford, . . . Bennington, State. Steuben, . . . Pendleton, . Monroe, Oxford, Windsor, . . . Windham, . . 0. In. Me. N. H. Vt. Vt. Ct. Ct. N.Y. Pa. Pa. O. Pa. Me. Vt. Vt. Mas. Ct. N.Y. Pa. Pa. N. C. O. o. o. N.J. N.J. N.Y. Vt. S. C. Me. Me. N. C. Me. Mas. Vt. Ct. N.Y. Pa. N. H. Va. Va. O. In. Pa. Pa. Ct. Pa. N.J. Vt. Ct. N.J. Pa. Vt. Ken. N.Y. Va. O. Me. Vt. Ct. Ref. Letter: J!" I f Xc Wd Vc Vc Ve Ve Td Re Re Me Oe Yb Vc Vc Ud Ve Sd Sf Qk N e Mg Lh ■ Tf Tf Sd Vc Ml Yb Xb Rj Yd Wd Vb Ve Re Ne Wc Ph Mg Ke lh P f Pf Ue Og Tf Vb Ue Sg Ne Ud Jh Qd Oh Mg Xb Vc Ve Popula- tion. 186 2,182 998 28,748 847 27,082 2,812 3,471 655 1,094 669 D. t'r. ID. fr- Wash. Cap. 480 84 1,485 40,625 3,134 1,045 3,220 2,180 2,298 2,760 666 583 526 1,903 2,129 1,778 5 1,263 2,255 1,977 492 844 1,085 1,244 1,928 6,429 1,102 3,375 1,765 2,049 3,969 824 2,044 735 1,130 395 12,273 501 157 573 3,044 2,915 ~~ CONSULTING INDEX. 157 Names of Places. Woodstock, Woodstock, Woodstock, Woodstown, Woodville, Woodville, Woodville, Woodville, ......... Woodville, Woodville., Woodville, ......... Woodville, c. Woodville, Woodsonville, Woolwich, Woolwich, Wooster, Worcester, WORCESTER, .... Worcester, Worcester, Worcester, X. WORCESTER, .... Wormleysburg, Worthington, Worthington, Worthington, Worthington, Wenuham, Wrightsboro', Wrights Town, „.M Wrights Town, .... Wrightsville, Wrightsville, Wrightsville, Wurtsboro', , Wyalusing, , Wyandot Reserve, . . . Wye, Wyoming, , Wysox, , WYTHE, Wytopidlock, Xenia, , Xenia, Yancey, Yancey ville, Yankee Town, . . . . f, Yarmouth, YATES, Yates, Yatesville, YAZOO, Yellow Creek, Yonkers, YORK, York, York, YORK, York, York, Class. tsh. and t. . , c. t t , t t t t t c. t c. t , t t , t t t tsh tsh. and c. t. t County, . . . . t tsh tsh County, . . . . t t tsh. t ., t. .. tsh. t. ., t. . t. .. t. .. t. .. tsh. tsh County, . t tsh t t. t t t County, . tsh t County,. . tsh tsh County, . . t tsh. and t. County, . . tsh c. t County. Ulster, Shenandoah, . Beaufort, . . . Salem, Jefferson, . . . Butler, Culpeper, • . . Henry, , Jackson, Wilkinson, . , Plaquemines, Clermont,. . . ; Hamilton, . . . Hart, Lincoln, Gloucester, . . , Wayne, Washington, Worcester, . . . . Otsego, Montgomery,. . Cumberland, . Hampshire, . . . Muhlenburg, . . Franklin, Richland, Norfolk, Columbia, Bucks, Burlington, . . . York, Duplin, New Hanover, . Sullivan,. . . Bradford, . . , Crawford, . . Queen Ann, Luzerne,. . . , Bradford, . . , State. Penobscot, . . Greene, .... Greene, Caswell, Louisa, Butler, Barnstable, . . , Orleans, Yates, . Columbiana,. . West Chester, York, Livingston, York, York, N. Y. Va. N. C. N.J. N. Y. Pa. Va. Al. Al. Mi. La. O. In. Ken. Me. N.J. O. Vt. Mas. Mas. N. Y. Pa. Md. Pa. Mas. Ken. O. O. Mas. Geo. Pa. N.J. Pa. N. C. N. C. N. Y. Pa. O. Md. Pa. Pa. Va. Me. O. O. N. C. Va. O. Mas. N. Y. N. Y. N. Y. Mi. O. N. Y. Me. Me. N. Y. Pa. Pa. Pa. Kef. Td Ph Rk Sg R c Of Ph Io HI Co Dp Jg Hf Ii Ye Sg L f Vb Wd Wd Td Sf Sh Rf Vd Gi Kf Lf Xd L m Sf Tf Rg P k Ql Te Re Kf Rh Se Re Nj Z d Kg Kg Oj Ql Jir Xe Qd Pc Qd Dn Nf Uf Xc Xc Pd R& Rg Popula tion. 1,376 17 48 1,49 3,033 1,953 432 84,355 4,173 2,093 1,185 18,273 1,179 314 934 2,698 659 753 56 1,351 12,163 11 4,021 917 100 2,251 19,009 1,375 6,550 1,149 1,761 51,722 3,485 2,636 42,859 5,397 4,216 J), fr. Wash 323 100 322 161 395 240 97 888 708 1,182 1,233 468 586 656 581 155 347 53 394 373 15 1C9 380 715 406 384 411 592 162 167 99 370 416 277 254 430 67 224 241 751 449 453 264 106 496 469 343 407 242 500 358 D. fr. Cap. ~ 57 156 148 55 169 212 115 276 185 148 30 93 28 105 32 49 86 9 39 59 102 1 111 177 10 64 25 78 119 18 29 113 157 99 243 64 30 116 130 156 53 57 93 60 105 [ 71 262 267 135 99 237 30 24 158 CONSULTING INDEX. Names of Places. YORK, YORK, York, York York, York, I York, I York, j York York, j Yorkshire, Yorktown, Yorktown, Yorkville, Yough Glades, Young, Young's, P. O Young's Town, Youngstown, Youngstown, F . Youngsville, Ypsilanti, Ypsilariti Zane, , Zanesfield, Zanesville, , Zebulon, , I Zelienople, , Zoar, I Zoar, Zoar, Class. County, . District, tsh tsh t tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. tsh. c. t. c. t. t. .. tsh. t. .. t. .. tsh. t. . . tsh. t. .. tsh. t. .. County. Athens, Belmont, , Montgomery,. . Morgan, Sandusky, Tuscarawas, . , Switzerland. . . Crawford, .... Cattaraugus,. . West Chester, York York, Alleghany, . . . Jefferson, .... Laurens, Niagara, Westmoreland, Trumbull, Warren, Washtenaw, . . Washtenaw, . . Logan, Logan, Muskingum, . Pike, Butler, Berkshire, . . . Delaware, .... Tuscarawas, . State. Va. s.c. o. o. o. o. o. o. In. II. N. Y. N. Y. Va. S. C. Md. Pa. S. C. N. Y. Pa. O. Pa. M.T. M.T. O. O. 0. Geo. Pa. Mas. O. O. Ref. Letters Rl Ml !•* Mg J g L? Le Mf Jh pf Ue Ri Ml Og Pf L m Oc Of Ne Oe Kd Kd Kf Kf Lg J m Nf Vd Lf Mf Popula- tion. 5,354 17,790 871 1,429 751 442 369 823 2,141 1,384 608 34 3,216 129 D. fr. Wash. D. fr. Cap. 358 281 470 348 449 113 551 710 336 277 175 432 165 209 504 412 182 279 330 534 534 447 453 336 725 250 390 391 317 59 134 74 62 114 100 105 133 274 113 72 78- 202 153 88 304 160 168 257 32 32 51 57 59 86 219 119 19 114 CONSULTING INDEX TO THE RIVERS. To ascertain the location on the Map of any river mentioned in the Index, observe the letters opposite to it in the column of reference letters, then find the corresponding letters on the top and sides of the Map ; from these pass the eye along the columns due north or south, or east or west, until they intersect: in the square of their intersec- tion, the river sought for will be found. The first column contains the names of the rivers, the second the ocean, gulf, bay, (or, if a tributary) the river into which they respectively empty. The third column contains the state in which they are situated ; in the fourth will be found the reference letters ; and the fifth shows the respective lengths, in miles, measured from their mouths, to their remotest sources. The articles which have the letter M attached to them, will be found on the Supple- mentary Map of Maine ; and those to which the letter F is attached, are on the Supple- mentary Map of Florida. Rivers. Abagusquash, M . Acadiens, Aestham, ; Alabama, , A la Loutre, Alapahaw, Alaqua, Alatamaha, Allegheny, Alligator, Amaxura, or Withlocoochy, . .F. Amite, Amoee, Anclote, F. Anderson, Androscoggin, Apalachie, Appalachicola, Appomattox, Aquokee, Ararat, Arkansas, Ashberrish, M . Ashepoo, Ashley, Ashtabula, Asternal, F. Atchafalaya, Au Boeuff, • Au Buger, Au Canoe, Au Carpe, Au Sable, Au Sable, Au Sable, Au Vases, Aux Betsies, Aux Canards, Recipient. Toladi River, Lake Maurepas, Rappahannock, Mobile River, Missouri River, Suwanee River, Choctawhatchie Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Ohio River, Albemarle Sound, . . . Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maurepas, Hiwassee River, Gulf of Mexico, Ohio, Kennebeck, Oconee, Appalachicola Bay, . . James River, Amoee River, Yadkin River, Mississippi River, . . . Temiscouata Lake, . . St. Helena Sound, . . . Charleston Harbor, . . Lake Erie, Roman's Creek, Atchafalaya Bay, Missouri River, Missouri River, Mississippi River, . . . Lake Huron, Lake Champlain,. . . . Saginaw Bay, Illinois River, Missouri River, Lake Michigan, Ouisconsin River, . . . State. Ref. Letters. Me. La. Dp Va. Qh Al. Fp Mo. Ch FT. Kp F. T. Hp Geo. Mo Pa. Nf N. C. Rk F. T. La. Dp Ten. Jk FT. In. Hh Me. Yc Geo. Km F. T. iq Va. Qi Ten. Jk N. C. Nj A. T. Cm Me. S. C. Nn S.C. Nn 0. Ne FT. La. Cq Mo. Ch Mo. Ch Mo.T. Bb M.T. J a N. Y. Ub M.T. Kb 11. Fe Mo. Ch M.T. lb M.T. Fc Lenjth. 16 14 28 500 41 150 20 300 300 45 130 118 54 22 31 215 56 425 132 34 18 2,500 13 40 43 31 35 140 25 15 100 70 55 37 26 40 57 20 160 CONSULTING INDEX Aux Hebert, Aux Miners, Aux Trains, Awhyataak, Bachelor's, Back, Bad, Badaxe, Bad Fish, Banister, Barrets, Baskahegan, Batsto, Batten, Bay, Bayou Bartholomew, . Bayou D'Arbane, Bayou Dupont, Bayou La Fourche, . . Bayou Rccheblave, . . Bayou Saline, Bayou Saluter, Bayou Teche, Beach, Bean Creek, Bear, Beaver, Beaver, Bell, Belle, Bennerts, Beouf, Biff, g Barren, g Black, g Black, g Blue, g Cossitot, g Doe, g Laurel, g Muddy, g Piasau, g Pigeon, g Platte, g Sack, g Sandy, g Sandy, g Sycamore, g Femme, g Vermillion, rch, Black, Black Black, Black, Black, Black, Black, Black, Black, Black, .M, Recipient. Missouri River, Lake Superior, Lake Superior, Fox River, Illinois River, Cooper River, Hare River, Mississippi River, River of Four Lakes, . Dan River, Tellico River, , Mattawamkeag River, Little Egg Harbor, . . , Hudson River, Pamlico Sound, Washita River, , Washita River, , Barataria Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Perdido Bay, Red River, Washita River, Atchafalaya Bay, Tennessee River,. Maumee River, Androscoggin River,. Black River, James River, - Cumberland Sound,. . St. Clair River, White River, Washita River, , Maramec River, Green River, Mississippi River, White River, Ohio River, North Little River, . . . Wataga River, French Broad River,. . Mississippi River, Mississippi River, French Broad River,. . Mississippi River, Mississippi River, Ohio River, Tennessee River, Clinch River, Missouri River, Wabash River, Elk River, Walloostook River, . . . Connecticut River, . . . Lake Ontario, South, Great Pedee, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Mississippi River, Missouri River, , State. Mo. M. T. M. T. M. T. II. S.C. M.T. M. T. M.T. Va. N.C. Me. N.J. N. Y. N.C. La. La. La. La. Al. La. La. La. Ten. O. Me. N. Y. Va. F.T. M.T. A.T. La. Mo. Ken. Mi. A. T. In. A.T. Ten. N.C. II. it. Ten. M.T. Mo. T. Va. Ten. Ten. Mo. In. Va. Me. Vt. N. Y. N.C. S.C. O. M.T. M.T. M.T. Mo. Ref. Letters. ZAg Ha Ha Fc Ef Nn Jc Cc Fd Pj Jk AZa Tg Uc Rk Bn Bn Dq Dq Gp Bo Bn Cq Fk Je Xb Sc Oi Mp Ld Bj Co Dh Hi Cn Ck Hh Z A m Lj Lk Ei Dh Kk Dd Z Aa Lh Fj Kj Bh Gg Nh Vc Re Pk Om Le Lc Hd Cb Bh Length. TO THE RIVERS. 161 Rivers. Black Bass, Black Creek, Black Fish, Black Mingo, Black Warrior, Blackwater, Blackwater, Black Water, Blood, Blue, Blue Water, Bluff Island, Bodeau, Bogue Chito, Bon Homme, Bon Pas, Bonsccours, Boquet, Boreas, Boughomo, Brandywine Creek, . Briar Creek, Briery, Broad, Broad, Broad, Broad Creek, Broad River, First, . Broad River, Second Brochias, Brush, Buchanan, Buffalo, Buffalo, Buffalo, Buffalo, Buffalo, Buffalo, Bull, Bush, Buttahatchee, Cacapon, Cache, Cahaba, Calcasiu, Calf Pasture, Canadian, Cane, Caney Fork, Canisteo, Cannouchee, Cape Fear, Capsucktuk, Carp, Carp, Carpe, Carter, Carver's, Cash, Cashie, Cass, Recipient. Green Bay, Pascagoula River, .... St. Francis' River,. . . . Black River, Tombeckbee River,. . . Staunton River, Nottoway River, ... . Yellow Water Bay, . . Tennessee River, Ouisconsin River, Missouri River, Black River, Bodeau Lake, Pearl River, Maramec River, Wabash River, Bonsecour's Bay, Lake Champlain, Hudson River, Leaf River, Delaware River, Savannah River, Dry River, Potomac River, Atlantic Ocean, Congaree River, Savannah River, Broad River, Broad River, Lake Michigan, Appomattox River, . . . E.Fork MonongahelaR, Lake Erie, James River, Duck River, Crow River, Mississippi River, Little Wabash River, . Occoquan River, Saluda River, Tombeckbee River,. . . Potomac River, White River, Alabama River, Gulf of Mexico, James River, Arkansas River, Red River, Cumberland River, _. . . Tioga River, Great Ogeechee River, Atlantic Ocean, Oquossak Lake, Lake Superior,. ...... St. Mary's River, Lake Michigan, Hedgeman River, St. Peter's River, Ohio River, Roanoke River, Saginaw River, State. M. T. Mi. A.T. S. C. Al. Va. N.C. F. T. Ken. M. T. Mo. M. T. La. La. Mo. II. Al. N. Y. N. Y. Mi. Del. Geo. Va. Va. S.C. S.C. Geo. N.C. N.C. II. Va. Va. N. Y. Va. Ten. M.T. M. T. II. Va. S.C. Mi. Va. A. T. Al. La. Va. Mo. T. La. Ten. N. Y. Geo. N.C. Me. M.T. M.T. M. T. Va. Mo. T. II. N.C. M.T. Ref. Letters H a Fp Dl Om Fn Oi Rj Gp Fj Dc ZAg Cb An Ep Ch Fh Gp Ub Tc Eo Sg M n Ph Qg Nn Ml L m M k Mk Gd Pi Ng Od Pi Gk Ab Cb Fh Qh Ml Fm Pg CI Gn A P Oi Z Ak Ao Ij Qd Mo PI Xb la Ka la Qh Ab El Rk K c Length. 76~ 85 44 22 237 36 78 GO 20 23 33 53 80 120 70 37 13 37 19 92 50 100 15 17 72 155 86 40 37 24 20 30 36 35 80 31 75 25 19 28 73 73 132 130 212 68 825 19 100 60 94 288 18 4 23 28 9 '40 45 02 162 CONSULTING INDEX Rivers. Castlemans, Catawba, Cattaraugus Creek, Caximbas, Cedar, or Dog, .... Chagrine, Chandlers, Chariton, Charles, Charlotte, Charlotte, Chattahatchee, Chattahoochee, Chattooga, Chatuga, Chaudron, Chazy, , Cheat, Cheboiegon, Cheboiegon, Chechessee, Chehaw, Chenango, Cherrytree, Chesnut, Chestatee Chester, ,.. Chicago, Chickahoming, Chickasaw, Chickasawhay, Chifuncte, , Chipola, Chippewa, Chippicotton, Chocolate, Choctawhatchie, Choptank, Chowan, Christianna, Clam, Clarks, Clarion, Clear, Clear, Clear Water, Clinch, Clinton, Clover, Coal, , Coal, Collins, Cold Water, Cold Water, Combahee, Comite, Conecuh, Conestoga, Congaree, Conhocton, Connecticut, .M Recipient. Youghiogeny River, . Wateree River, Lake Erie, Caximbas Bay, Pascagoula River, . . . Lake Erie, Atlantic Ocean, Missouri River, Atlantic Ocean, Susquehanna, N. B.. . Charlotte Harbor, . . . Appalachie Bay, .... Appalachicola River,. Coosa River, Tugaloo River, Bayou D'Arbane, Lake Champlain,. . . . Monongahela River, . Lake Huron, , Lake Michigan, Broad River, St. Helena Sound, . . . Susquehanna, N. B.. . Gauley River, St. John's River, .... Chattahoochee, Chesapeake Bay, Lake Michigan, James River, Mobile Bay, , Pascagoula River, Lake Pontchartrain, . . Appalachicola, , Mississippi River, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Choctawhatchie Bay, . Chesapeake Bay, Albemarle Sound, St. Joseph's River, St. Croix River, Tennessee River, Allegheny River, Mississippi River, St. Croix River, Sweet Water River, . . Tennessee River, Lake St. Clair, Cheat River, Great Kenawha River, Flint River, Caney Fork, Mississippi River, Black Water River,. . . St. Helena Sound, Amite River, Escambia River, Susquehanna River, . . Santee River, Tioga River, Long Island Sound, . . State. Pa. S. C. N. Y. F. T. Mi.i O. ' Me. Mo. R. I. N. Y. F. T. F. T. Al. Al. S.C. La. N. Y. Pa. M. T. M. T. S.C. s:c N. Y. Va. Me. Geo. Md. U. Va. Al. Mi. La. F. T. M. T. M. T. M. T. F. T. Md. N.C. M. T. M. T. Ken. Pa. M. T. M. T. F. T. Ten. M. T. Va. Va. M. T. Ten. Mi. F. T. S.C. La. F.T. Pa. S.C. N. Y Ct. Ref. Letters. 'or Nl Od Fp" Me AZb Bg We Sd Kp"" IP II Kl Bn Ub Of J a He Nn Nn Sd Nh J m Rs Ge Ri Fp Fp Dp IP Cb Gd G a Hp Rh Bj He Ba Fi Oe Z A a B a Gp Jk Ld Og M h Kc Ik CI Gp Nh Cp Gp Of Nm Qd Ve TO THE RIVERS. 163 Rivera. Conneaut, Connesauga, Coolasawhatchie, F Cooper, Coosa, Coosa w, . Coosawhatchie, Cow Pasture, Cow Skin, Crane, Crooked, Crooked, Crooked Creek, Crow, Crow Wing, Cumberland, Cumberland S. Fork, Current, Cuyahoga, Damariscotta, Dan, Darby's, Dardenne, Dead, Dead, Deep,. . Deer, Delaware, Delaware, or GaUivan's, F Delude, or Black, Derden, Des Moines, Des Plaines, De Tour, Devil, Dicks, Dog, Dowagiake, Dry, Du Bois Franc, Du Chemin, Duck, Du Page, Du Plain, or Maple, East, East, East Chariton, East Fork, East Fork, Ebeeme, Econfina, Edisto, Edwards, Edwards, Eel, Eel, Eleven Point, Elk, Elk, Elk, Elkhart, Recipient. Lake Erie, Coosa River, Gulf of Mexico, Charleston Harbor, . . . Alabama River, St. Helena Sound, Broad River, James River, Neosho River, White River, Cumberland Sound,. . . St. George's Sound, . . . Illinois River, Mississippi River, Mississippi River, Ohio River, Cumberland River, . . . Big Black River, Lake Erie, Atlantic Ocean, Staunton River, Sabine River, Mississippi River, Kennebeck River, Lake Superior, Cape Fear River, St. Regis River, Delaware Bay, GaUivan's Bay, St. Clair River, Arkansas River, Mississippi River, Illinois River, Ouisconsin River, Fox River, Kentucky River, Mobile Bay, St. Joseph's River, Shenandoah S. Fork,. . Little Calumet River, . Lake Michigan, Tennessee River, Illinois River, Grand River, Machias Bay, Pensacola Bay, Missouri River, White River, Grand River, Pleasant River, St. Andrew's Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Sturgeon Bay, Mississippi River, Wabash River, West Fork of White R. Big Black River, Chesapeake Bay, Great Kanawha River, Tennessee River, St. Joseph's River, State. O. Geo. F. T. S.C. Al S.C. S.C. Va. Mo. T. A. T. Geo. F.T. II. Mo. T. M. T. Ken. Ken. A.T. O. Me. Va. La. Mo. Me. M. T. N. C. N. Y. Del. F.T. M. T. Mo. T. Mo. T. II. M. T. M. T. Ken. Al. M. T. Va. In. In. Ten. II. M. T. Me. F.T. Mo. In. Mo. Me. F.T. S.C. M. T. II. In. In. A.T. Md. Va. Al. In. Ref. Letters. Ne II Nn Hn Nn Nn Oi ZBj CI Mp J P Dg A a Z Aa Fi Ji Cj Me Yc Pj Ao Dh Ya Ga Ok Tb Ld ZBk Cf Fe Ec Gb Ji F P He Ph Ge He Fk Fe Jd AZb Gp Bg Gh Ah Ya IP N n Hb De Hf Gg Cj Rg Mh Gl Ie Length. 44" 95 100 44 357 16 48 68 89 63 30 15 95 75 115 450 105 165 100 31 158 31 37 66 31 112 50 310 40 75 45 400 100 14 24 64 23 35 11 14 46 185 18 53 46 15 57 228 145 27 23 161 22 70 88 88 105 35 119 125 62 164 CONSULTING INDEX. Ellises, Embarras, Embarras, Emery's, Ennorce, Eno, Escambia, Escatappa, Etowah, Fair, Falling 1 , False, Femme Osage, Fenaholloway, Fevre, Fish, Fish, Fisher's, Fishing-, Flat, Flat, Flat Rock, Flint, Flint, Flint, Flint, Forked Deer, Fort, Fourche, Fox, Fox, French Broad, French Creek, Galena, Galien, Garlic, Garlic, Gary's, Gasconade, Gaspard, Gaspers, Gauley, , Genesee, , Grand, M. Grand, , Grand, Grand, Grand, Grand, , Grand Fork, Grand Nemawhaw, Grant, Grass, Grasshopper, Great Egg Harbor, Great Kanawha, Great Manitou, Great Maquanquetois, Great Miami, Great Ogeechee, Great Ohoopee, Recipient. Androscoggin River,. . Pauwaygan River, . . . Wabash River, Clinch River, Broad River, Neuse River, Escambia Bay, Cedar River, Coosa River, Pearl River, Staunton River, Yazoo River, Missouri River, Appalachie River, Mississippi River, St. John's River, Mobile Bay, Yadkin River, Missouri River, Neuse River, Grand River, E. Fork of White River Appalachicola River,. . Tennessee River, Tennessee River, Saginaw River, Mississippi River, Kaskaskia River, .. . . Arkansas River, Green Bay, Illinois River, Holston River, Allegheny River, Mississippi River, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Mississippi River, Lake Michigan, Missouri River, Green Bay, j Barren River, Great Kanawha River, Lake Ontario, St. John's River, Red River, Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, Missouri River, Osage River, Osage River, Missouri River, Mississippi River, .... St. Lawrence River, . . Konzas River, Atlantic Ocean, Ohio River, Missouri River, Mississippi River, .... Ohio River, Atlantic Ocean, Alatahama River, .... State. Me. M. T. U. Ten. S.C. N. C. F. T. Mi. Geo. Mi. Va. Mi. Mo. FT. II. Me. Al. N. C. Mo. N. C. M.T. In. Geo. Al. Al. M.T. Ten. II. A. T. M.T. II. Ten. Pa. Mo. T. M.T. M. T. Mo. T. II. Mo. M.T. Ken. Va. N. Y. Me. La. O. M.T. Mo. Mo. Mo. Mo. M. T. N. Y. Mo. T. N. J. Va. Mo. Mo. T. O. Geo. Geo. Kef. Letters. X~b Fb Gh Jk Ml Pj G P Fo II Do Pi Dn Dh K P Dd F P " Nj ZAg Pj Id Ig IP Gl HI J c Ek Fg Bl Gb Fe Kk Oe Dd He Ga Dd Ge Ch Gb Hi Mh Qc Bo" Me Hd Ag Ah Ah ZBf Dd Tb ZBg Tg Lh Bh Dd Jg Mo Lo TO THE RIVERS. 165 Great Pedee, .... Green, Green, Green, Green, Greenbrier, Gun, Guyandotte, .... Halifax, Hardware, Hare, Harpeth, ....... Hashuphatcher, . Hatchy, Haw, Hazel, Heart, Hedgeman, Henderson's, .... Henry's, High Rock, Hillabee, Hillsboro', Hittenhatchie, . . Hiwassee, Hocking, Hog, Holly, Holston, Homochitto Housatonick, . . . Hudson, Hughes, Huron, Huron, Hurricane, Hycoote, Iberville, Ichawaynoochee, Illinois, Illinois, Independence, . . Independence, . . Indian, Indian, Indian, Indian, Irwin's, Ivy, Jackson's, Jackson's, Jacob's, James, Joliet, Jordan, Juniatta, Jupiter, Kahkoguamook, , Kankakee, Kantappaha, Kaskaskia, Recipient. Atlantic Ocean, Broad River, Buffalo River, Ohio River, Rock River, Great Kanawha River, Kekalamazoo River, . . Ohio River, Atlantic Ocean, James River, Shiawassee River, Cumberland River, . . . Tallee Hooma River, . Mississippi River, Cape Fear River, Aestham River, Konzas River, Rappahannock River, Mississippi River, South Catawba River, . Mississippi River, Tallapoosa River, Hillsboro' Bay, Hittenhatchie Bay, . . . Tennessee River, Ohio River, St. Joseph's River, Elk River, Tennessee River, Mississippi River, Long Island Sound, . . New York Bay, Little Kanawha River, Lake Erie, Lake Erie, Lake Superior, Dan River, Mississippi River, Flint River, Mississippi River, Arkansas River, Black River, Missouri River, Black Lake, Hudson River, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Alapahaw River, French Broad River,. . James River, Mississippi River, South Catawba River, . Chesapeake Bay, Des Plains River, Louis Bay, Susquehanna River, . . St. Lucie Sound, Lake Chesuncook, Illinois River, Cedar River, Mississippi River, State. S. C. N. C. Ten. Ken. II. Va. M. T. Va. F. T. Va. M. T. Ten. Mi. Ten. N. C. Va. Mo. T. Va. II. N.C. II. Al. F. T. F. T. Ten. O. M. T. Va. Ten. Mi. Ct. N. Y. Va. M. T. O. M. T. Va. La. Geo. U. Mo. T. N. Y. Mo. T. N. Y. N. Y. Del. F. T. F. T. N.C. Va. II. N.C. Va. II. Mi. Pa. F. T. Me. II. Mi. II. Kef. Letters Om Mk G k Gi De Ni I d Lh Pi Jc £j Eo Dk Ok Ph ZBg Qh Cf Mk Bb Hn Kq Ik Mg Id Nh Kk C o Ue Tf Mg Kd Le Ha Pj Cp Jo Dh Z Ak Sc ZBg Sb Tc Sh K P Lk Ol Cf Mk Rj Fe Ep Qf Fe Fp Ei Length. 415 56 16 308 50 120 18 134 40 31 29 77 34 131 93 21 48 34 53 28 14 29 30 24 98 100 27 26 238 105 134 320 62 106 71 29 53 18 75 400 94 31 55 90 38 18 88 84 17 82 37 21 400 18 35 141 32 26 143 37 253 166 CONSULTING INDEX Rivers. Kekalamazoo, Kennebeck, Kentucky, Keovvee, Kickapoo, Kiskiminitas, Kite, Kohkoguamook, Konzas, Lake, L'Anguillo, Laughing Fish, Laurel, , Leaf, Leaf, Leaf, or St. Francis,. . . Leaf Ridge, Le Fevre, Lehigh, Lemon, Licking, Linville, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, : . . Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little, Little Androscoggin, . . Little Birch, Little Black, Little Blue Water, Little Cacapon, Little Caillou, Little Calumet, Little Cannouchee, .... Little Chazy, Little Che Tac, Little Choctawhatchie, Little Coal, Little Courteoreille, . . . Little Dan, Little Doe, Little Egg Harbour, . . Little Elkhart, Recipient. Lake Michigan,. Atlantic Ocean, Ohio River, Savannah River, Ouisconsin River, Alleghany River, Rock River, Lake Chesuncook, . . . . Missouri River, Mississippi River, St. Francis' River,. . . . Lake Superior, Cumberland River, . . . Pascagoula River, Rock River, Mississippi River, Tallee Hooma River, . Arkansas River, Delaware River, Atlantic Ocean, Ohio River, Catawba River, St. John's River, Great Kanawha River, North Anna River, . . . Albemarle Sound, Eno River, Neuse River, Yadkin River, Atlantic Ocean, Broad River, Saluda River, Savannah River, Chattahoochee River, . Etowah River, Oconee River, Savannah River, Ocklockony River, Alabama River, Coosa River, Lake Catahoola, Red River, Tennessee River, Wabash River, Androscoggin River,. . Birch River, Big Black River, Missouri River, Cacapon River, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Michigan, Cannouchee River, . . . Lake Champlain, Chippewa River, Choctawhatchie River, Coal River, Chippewa River, Dan River, , Big Doe River, Atlantic Ocean, St. Joseph's River, State. Ref. Letters. M. T. Me. Ken. S. C. M. T. Pa. II. Me. Mo. T. M. T. A.T. M. T. Ken. Mi. II. M. T. Mi. A.T. Pa. F. T. Ken. N. C. Me. Va. Va. N. C. N. C. N. C. N. C. s. c. s. c. s. c. s. c. Geo. Geo. Geo. Geo F. T. Al. Al. La. La. Ten. In. Me. Va. A. T. Mo. Va. La. II. Geo. N. Y. M. T. Al. Va. M. T. N. C. Ten. N.J. In. H d Yc Ih LI Dc Of Ee Ya ZAg Z A a Dl G a Ji Fp Ed A a Eo Bl Sf j'g" Mk Ni" Qi Rj Pj Pk Nk Pm Ml Ml L m Kl Jl Km L m Jp G o II Bo Ao Kk If Xb Nh Dj ZAg Pg Dq Ge Mn Ub Cb Io Mh Ca Nj Lj Tg le TO THE RIVERS. 167 Little Emery, Little Escambia, . . Little Falling, .... Little Flambeau, . . Little Hatchy, Little Kanawha, . . . Little Kentucky, . . Little Machias, Little Madawaska, . Little Missouri, . . . Little Muddy, Little Nottoway, . . Little Obion, Little Ocklockony, . Little Ocmulgee, . . Little Ogeechee, . . . Little Ogeechee,* . . Little Ogeechee,t . • Little Ohoopee, Little Otter, Little Pedee, Little Pigeon, Little Platte, Little Platte, Little Red, Little Roanoke, — Little Sack, Little St. Mary's, . . Little Salkehatchie, Little Saluda, Little Sat' 11 a, Little Sandy, Little Sequatchy, . . Little Shoal, Little Suwanee, . . . Little Tallapoosa, . . Little Vermillion, . . Little Vermillion, . . Little Wabash, Little Yadkin, Long Branch, Looking Glass, Loosahatchy, Lost, Lost, Lower Iowa, Lower Little, Loyalsock Creek, . . Lumber, Lycoming Creek, . . Lynches Creek, . . . Macaupin Creek, . . Machias, Machias, Mackinaw, Macon, Mad, Madamiscontis, . . . .M Recipient. Emery River, Escambia River, Falling River, Rufus River, Hatchy River, Ohio River, Ohio River, Aroostook River, Aroostook River, Washita River, Big Muddy River, Nottoway River, Mississippi River, Ocklockony River, . . Ocmulgee River, .... Atlantic Ocean, , Great Ogeechee River, Great Ogeechee River. Great Ohoopee River, . Otter River, Great Pedee River, . . French Broad River,. Big Platte River, .... Missouri River, White River, Staunton River, Mississippi River, • . . St. Mary's River, . . . Salkehatchie River,. . Saluda River, Satilla River, Ohio River, Sequatchy River, .... Pamplico Sound, .... Suwanee River, Tallapoosa River, . . . Wabash River, , Illinois River, Wabash River, Yadkin River, Grand River, Grand River, Mississippi River, Cacapon River, Kaskaskia River, Mississippi River, Cape Fear River, Susquehanna, W. B. . , Little Pedee River, . . , Susquehanna, W. B. . , Great Pedee River, . . . Illinois River, Machias Bay, , Aroostook River, Illinois River, Raisin River, Merrimack River, Penobscot River, Stale. Ten. FT. Va. M. T. Ten. Va. Ken. Me. Me. A. T. II. Va. Ken. Geo, Geo. Geo. Geo. Geo. Geo. Va. S. C. Ten. M.T. Mo.T. A. T. Va. Mo.T. F. T. S. C. s.c. Geo. Ken. Ten. N. C. Geo. Al. In. II. II. N. C. Mo. M.T. Ten. Va. II. M.T. N. C. Pa. N. C. Pa. S.C. II. Me. Me. II. M.T. N. H. Me. Ref. Letters. Jk Gp Pi Ca Ek Mg Ih A m Ei Pi Ej J o Lo M o Mn L m Ln Oi Om Kk Dd ZAg Ck Pj Z Aa Mp Nn M m Lo Lh Ik Sk L P Im Gg Ee Fi Nj Ag Jd Dk Pg Eh De Pk Qe Ol Qe O m Dg AZb Df Ke Wc Za Length. w 25 13 85 12 127 28 34 32 125 44 18 46 30 74 35 31 16 35 10 110 24 22 63 169 25 22 14 47 24 70 £8 17 14 57 56 42 36 200 15 130 63 66 12 34 237 50 48 110 33 145 88 64 38 113 22 20 16 * In Scriven county, Geo. t In Washington county, Geo. 168 CONSULTING INDEX Rivers. .M. Madankeeunk, Madawaska, Magalloway, Mamayicum, Mamelle, Manasquan, Manitou, Manokin, Maquagan, Maramec, Maria, Maskegon, Mason's, Mat, Matanzas, Mattapony, Mattawamkeag, Maumee, May, Maynawalky, Mayo, Meahkaninon, Medway, Meherrin, Mennomonie, Mennomonie, Mennomonie, Meriumptieook, or Turtle, . . M . Mermentau, Merrimack, Metamonong, Miami, Michesebee, Middle, Middle, F. Middle Meherrin, Middle Tyger, Mills, Milwalky, Milwalky, Mino Cockien, Mishtegayock, Missisque, Mississineway, Mississippi,* Missouri, Mitchell's, Mobile Mockason, Mohawk, Mohawk Branch, Molumkus, Mongaup, Monistic, Monistique, Monongahela, Monongahela, E. Fork, Monongahela, W. Fork, Recipient. Penobscot River, St. John's River, Androscoggin River,. , Fox River, . Arkansas River, Atlantic Ocean, Mississippi River, Chesapeake Bay, St. Croix River, Mississippi River, Osage River, Lake Michigan, Illinois River, Mattapony River, . . . Atlantic Ocean, York River, Penobscot, East Br. . Lake Erie, Atlantic Ocean, Milwalky Bay, Dan River, Kaskaskia River, St. Catherine's Sound, , Chowan River,.. Chippewa River, Green Bay, Pauwaygan River, . . , St. John's River, , Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, , Tippecanoe River, Ohio River Shiawassee River,. . . , Shenandoah, S. F Atlantic Ocean, Meherrin River, Tyger River, , French Broad River,. Lake Michigan, Milwalky Bay, Lake Michigan, Flint River, Lake Champlain, .... Wabash River, Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi River, Yadkin River, Mobile Bay, Neuse River, Hudson River, Delaware River, Mattawamkeag River, Delaware River, Lake Michigan, , Lake Michigan, Ohio River, Monongahela River, . Monongahela River, . State. Me. Me. N. H. M. T. A. T. N.J. Mo. T. Md. M. T. Mo. Mo. M. T. II. Va. F. T. Va. Me M. T. S. C. M. T. N.C. II. Geo. N.C. M. T. M. T. M. T. Me. La. Mas. In. O. M. T. Va. F. T. Va. S. C. N.C. M. T. M. T. M. T. M. T. Vt. In. La. Mo. N.C. Al. N.C. N. Y. N. Y. Me. N. Y. M.T. M.T. Pa. Va. Va. Ref. Letters Za Wb Fc Bl Tf Cf Sh Ca Dh Bh He Fe Qh Mq Rl Za Ke Nn Gd Oj Fg Mo Rj Cb Ha Fb Aq Xd Hf Jg Jc Ph Pj Ml Lk Hb Gd J a Kc Ub If E q Dh Nj Fp Qk Ud Sd Za Te lb la Nf Ng Ng * The length here stated refers to the Mississippi Proper. Its length, in connexion with the Missouri, is 4,490 miles. TO THE RIVERS. 169 Moose, Moose, Mountain, Mud, Mud, Muddy, Muskingum, Nantagulee, Nanticoke, Narraguagas, Nassau, Nehhah, Neosho, or Grand, Neuse, Neversink, New, New, New, New, New, F. New, New, Newfound, New Hope, Newport, Niagara, Niantick, Nidwany, Nishnebottona, Nodaway, Nolichucky, Nonconna, Noquet, North, North, North, North, North, F. North, North Anna, North-East Saluda, North Edisto, North Fabius, , North Fork, North Hillsboro', F. North Little, North Newport, North Two Rivers, North Tyger, Notalbany, Notley, Nottawa Sepee, Nottoway, Ny, North-East Cape Fear, North Meherrin, North-West, Oak Noxabee, Oaktibbeehah, Obeds, Obeys, Recipient. Moosehead Lake, . Black River, Rapidan River, . . . Guyandotte River,. Kaskaskia River, . . St. Francis River, . Ohio River, Tennessee River, . . Chesapeake Bay, . . . Pleasant River Bay, Atlantic Ocean, ... Pomme de Terre River, Arkansas River, Pamplico Sound, ..... Delaware River, Great Kanawha River, Onslow Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Chattahoochee River, . Atlantic Ocean, Crooked River, S. Fork Cumberland R. South Anna River, . . . Cape Fear River, Raleigh Bay, Lake Erie, Atlantic Ocean, Nidwany Bay, Missouri River, Missouri River, French Broad River, . . Mississippi River, .... Green Bay, Dry River, Albemarle Sound, .... Currituck Sound, Atlantic Ocean, Chatham Bay, Black Warrior River, . Pamunky River, Saluda River, Edisto River, Mississippi River, .... Osage River, Hillsboro' Bay, Red River, South Newport River,. Mississippi River, .... Tyger River, Tickfah River, Hiwassee River, St. Joseph's River, .... Chowan River, Mattapony River, .... Cape Fear River, Meherrin River, North River, Tombeckbee River,. . . Chickasawhay River, . Emery's River, Cumberland River, . . . State. Me. N. Y. Va. Va. II. M. T. O. N. C. Md. Me. F. T. Mo. T. Mo. T. N. C. N, Y. Va. N. C. S.C. Geo. FT. F. T. Ten. Va. N. C. N. C. N. Y. Ct. M. T. Mo. T. Mo. T. Ten. Ten. M. T. Va. N. C. N. C. FT. FT. Al. Va. S.C. S.C. Mo. Mo. FT. A. T. Geo. Mo. S.C. La. N. C. M. T. N. C. Va. N. C. Va. N. C. Al. Mi. Ten. Ten. Ref. Letters. Ya Sc Qh Lh Eh Aa Mg Kk Sh AZb Mq ZAj ZBb Rk Te Ni Ql Nn Im Jq Jj Qi Ok Rl Od Ve J a ZBf ZBf Kj Dk Ha Ph Sj Rj Mq Gm Qi LI Nm c g Z Ah A m Mo Cg Ml Dp Jk Id Rj Qh PI Pj Rj Fn Fo Jj Ij Length. W 55 12 38 22 35 203 30 62 50 31 60 182 271 57 115 42 60 27 40 24 46 20 37 15 37 8 22 16 115 125 27 43 16 23 28 24 25 55 56 20 68 57 130 66 115 32 45 17 32 40 38 145 15 100 20 25 94 80 32 53 170 CONSULTING INDEX. Obion, Occoquan, Ocklawaha, Ocklockony, Ocmulgee, Oconee, Oconee Loflee, Ohio, Okapilca, Onion, Opossum, Osage, Oscilla, Oswegatchie, Oswego, Ottawa, Ottawa, Ottawa, Otter, Otter Creek, Ouisconsin, Pacolet, Paint Creek, Palm, Pamplico, Pamunky, Papacton Branch, Pascagoula, Pasquotank, Passadumkeag, Pataactuquac, Patapsco, Patoka, Patuxent, Pauwaygan, or Wolf, . . Pawtucket, Pea,.. Pearl, Pease Creek, Pectanon, or Muddy, . . . Peeminushkwa, Pekatonika, Peninsula, Penobscot, Penobscot, East Branch. Pent Water, Perdido, Pere Marquette, Perquimans, Peruque, Petite Jean, Piankatank, Pickamink, Pjgr, Pigeon, Pine, Pine, Pine, Pine Creek, Piney, Pinnette, Recipient. Mississippi River, . . . Potomac River, St. John's River, .... Ocklockony Bay, .... Alatamaha River, . . . Alatamaha River, . . . Tuckaseegee River, . . Mississippi River, . . . Withlacoochie River,. Lake Champlain, .... Atlantic Ocean, Missouri River, Appalachie River, . . . St. Lawrence River, . Lake Ontario, Great Traverse Bay, . Lake Erie, St. Croix River, Staunton River, Lake Champlain, Mississippi River, Broad River, Scioto River, Gulf of Mexico, Pamlico Sound, York River, Delaware River, Pascagoula Bay, Albemarle Sound, . . . Penobscot River, Penobscot River, . Chesapeake Bay, Wabash River, Chesapeake Bay, Fox River, Narragansett Bay, Choctawhatchie River, Lake Borgne, Charlotte Harbor, Pekatonika River, Wolf River, Rock River, Mississippi River, Penobscot Bay, Penobscot River, Lake Michigan, Perdido Bay, Lake Michigan, Albemarle Sound, Mississippi River, Arkansas River, Chesapeake Bay, Kankakee River, Staunton River, Lake Michigan, Arkansas River, Ouisconsin River, Mississippi River, Susquehanna, W. B. . . Tye River, St. Croix River, State. Ten. Va. F. T. F. T. Geo. Geo. N. C. Ken. Geo. Vt. F. T. Mo. F. T. N. Y. N. Y. M. T. M. T. M. T. Va. Vt. M.T. S. C. o. F. T. N. C. Va. N. Y. Mi. N. C. Me. Me. Md. In. Md. M.T. R. I. Al. Mi. F. T. II. M.T. U. Mo. Me. Me. M.T. F. T. M.T. N. C. Mo. A. T. Va. II. Va. M.T. A. T. M.T. Mo. T. Pa. Va. M.T. Ref. Letters. 'Ek~ Qh M q Jp Lo Lo Kk Ej Kp Ub Bh" Jp Sb Re Ja Ke Ba Oi Ub Cc Ml Lg Rk" Ri Se Fp Rj Za Ya Rg Gh Rh Gb We lo Ep Ed Eb Fd Dg Zb Za Ic Gp Ic Rj Dh Ak Ri Fe Oj Hb Ak Ec Z Aa Qe Pi B a TO THE RIVERS. 171 Piscataquis, Pistaka, Platte, Pleasant, Pleasant, Po, Pocomoke, Pole, Pomme de Terre, Pomme de Terre, Pond, Pope's, Porcupine Quill, Portage, Portage, Portage, Poleau, Potomac, Potomac, Potomac, North Branch, . . Potomac, South Branch, . . Powell's, Prairie, Prairie, Prairie de la Crosse, Presqu' Isle, Quisibis, Quodotchquoik, or Green, . Racket, Rain, Rainy, Raisin, Rapid, Rapid, Rapidan, Rappahannock, Raritan, Rat, Ratones, Raystown Branch, Red, Red, Red, Red, Red Carp, Red Cedar, Reddis, Reedy, , Reelfoot, Rennan's, Rice, Richland, , Rivanna, River of the Four Lakes, . River of the Mountain, . . . Roanoke, Roanoke, Roaring, , Robertson, Robertson's, , Roche, .M Recipient. Penobscot River, Fox River, Lake Michigan, Piscataquis River, Pleasant River Bay, . . Mattapony River, Pocomoke Bay, Madawaska River, . . . Osage River, Neosho, or Grand River. Green River, Mississippi River, Lake Pepin, Portage Bay, Huron River, St. Joseph's River, Arkansas River, Chesapeake Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Potomac River, Potomac River, Clinch River, Arkansas River, St. Joseph's River, Mississippi River, Lake Superior, St. John's River, St. John's River, St. Lawrence River, . . Osage River, Illinois River, . , Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Mississippi River, Rappahannock River, . Chesapeake Bay, Raritan Bay, Wolf River, Atlantic Ocean, Juniatta River, Mississippi River, Cumberland River, . . , Kentucky River, Green Bay, Lake Superior, , Grand River, Yadkin River, , Saluda River, , Obion River, Little Wabash River, . Lake Winnebago, Kaskaskia River, James River, , Bad Fish River, Mississippi River, . . . Staunton River, , Albemarle Sound, . . . Yadkin River, Rapidan River, Illinois River, , Missouri River, .... State. Ref. Letters. Me. M. T. M.T. Me. Me. Va. Md. Me. Mo. Mo. T. Ken. II. M.T. O. M.T. M.T. Mo. T. Va. F. T. Md. Va. Ten. A.T. M.T. M.T. M.T. Me. Me. N. Y. Mo. II. M.T. M.T. Mo. T. Va. Va. N.J. M.T. F. T. Pa. La. Ten. Ken. M.fcT. M.T. M.T. N. C. s. c. Ten. II. M.T. II. Va. M.T. Mo.T. Va. N.C, N. C. Va. II. Mo. Za Gd Hb Za AZb Qh Sh Ah ZBi Gi De Bb Le Kd le ZAk Rh Pg Kj Ak le Cc Ga Tb Ah Ef Ke Ja Bb Qh Ri Tf Gb Qf Co J 1 Hb J a Jd Mj LI Ej Fh Gb Eh Pi Fd Cb Oi Rk Mj Ph Ee Bh Length. 78~~ 67 25 48 38 22 43 15 95 105 46 43 15 70 20 32 96 335 37 160 112 105 28 46 80 14 20 57 140 20 25 90 16 64 67 176 71 22 19 85 1,500 70 48 23 18 45 13 47 57 38 24 29 155 80 50 40 370 17 28 55 50 172 CONSULTING INDEX Rivers. Rock, Rock, .- Rockcastle, Rockfish, Rocky, Rocky, Rocky, F Rocky, Rocky, Roman's Creek, F Root, or Hoka, Rouge, Rufus, Rum, Sabine, Sac, Saco, Sacondaga, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Croix, St. Croix, St. Francis, St. Francois, M St. John's, St. John's, F St. John's, St. Joseph's, St. Joseph's, St. Lucie, F St. Mark's, St. Mary's St. Mary's, St. Peter's, St. Regis, St. Sebastian, Salamanie, Saline, Saline, Saline, Saline, Salkehatchie, Salmon, Salmon, Salmon Falls, Salt, Salt, Salt Creek, Saluda, Sandy, Sandy, Sandy, Sandy, Sangamon, Santa Fe, Santee, Sapclo, Saranac, Sat ilia, Savannah, Sawyer's, Recipient. Tennessee River, Mississippi River, . . . Cumberland River, . . James River, Yadkin River, Savannah River, Gulf of Mexico, Caney Fork, Lake Erie, Charlotte Harbor, . . . Mississippi River, . . . Grand River, Chippewa River, Mississippi River, . . . Gulf of Mexico, Lake Michigan, Saco Bay, Hudson River, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Passamaquoddy Bay, Lake St. Croix, Mississippi River, . . . St. John's River, Atlantic Ocean, Lake St. George, Mississippi River, . . . Lake Michigan, Maumee River, St. Lucie Sound, Appalachie Bay, Cumberland Sound,. . Maumee River, Mississippi River, . . . St. Lawrence River, . Atlantic Ocean, Wabash River, Washita River, Raisin River, Little Calumet River, Ohio River, Combahee River, E. B. Penobscot, Lake Ontario, Atlantic Ocean, Ohio River, Mississippi River, . . . Sangamon River, Congaree River, Kennebeck River, . . . Broad Bay, Lake Michigan, Sandy Bay, Illinois River, Suwanee River, Atlantic Ocean, Sapelo Sound, Lake Cham plain, St. Andrew's Sound, . Atlantic Ocean, Saco River, State. Al. II. Ken. Va. N. C. s. c. F. T. Ten. O. FT. Mo. T. M. T. M. T. M. T. La. M. T. Me. N. Y. M. T. M. T. Me. M. T. A.T. Me. F. T. F. T. Mo. M. T. In. F.T. F. T. F.T. In. Mo. T. N. Y. F.T. In. A. T. M. T. In. II. S. C. Me. N. Y. Me. Ken. Mo. II. S. C. Me. S. C. M. T. M. T. II. F.T. S. C. Geo. N. Y. Geo. S. C. N. H. Ref. Letters. HT De Ji Pi Nk LI Ik Me Cc" Ic C a A a Z Aq G c Xc Uc Kc Ld BZ a Ba Dl M p Ej"" Hd Ie }*p"" Mp I e Ab Ta M q If Bm Ke G e Fi Nn Za | Re' Xc Ih Cg Ef Ml Yb Md: la Kb Df Kq Om Mo Ub Mo Nn Wc TO THE RIVERS. 173 Schoharie Creek, Schuylkill, Scilla, Scioto, Scoupernong, Sequatchy, Severn, Shallot, Shark, Sharks, Shelldrake, Shenandoah, Shenandoah, Sheepscut, Shiawassee, Siagus, M. Sibley's, Sinemahoning Creek, Sipsey, Sipsey, Skillicook, Slate, Small Fort, Smith's, Snake, Sockchoppee, Socktafatoota, South, South, South Anna, South Catawba, , South Fabius, South Little, South Mayo, South Meherrin, South Newport, South Two Rivers, South Tyger, South Yadkin, Spring, Spring Creek, Spoon, Staunton, Stick, Stinhatchee, Stones, Stono, Strong, Styx, Sucker, Sugar Creek, Susquehanna, Susquehanna, North Branch, . . . Susquehanna, West Branch, . . . Suwanee, Swan, Sweet Water, Swift, Swift, Ta, Tallapoosa, Recipient. Mohawk River, Delaware River, Jykill Sound, Ohio River, , Albemarle Sound, Tennessee River, Chesapeake Bay, .... Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Chatham Bay, Lake Superior, Potomac River, S. Fork Shenandoah,. Atlantic Ocean, Saginaw River, St. John's River, .... Red River, Susquehanna, W. B. . Black Warrior River, Tombeckbee River,. . Mattawamkeag River, James River, Lake Michigan, Dan River, St. Croix River, Ocklockony Bay, .... Tallashatchee River,. S. Fork Shenandoah,. Cape Fear River, .... Pamunky River, .... Catawba River, Mississippi River, . . . Red River, Mayo River, Meherrin River, .... Sapelo Sound, Mississippi River, . . . Tyger River, Yadkin River, Big Black River, .... Flint River, Illinois River, Roanoke River, ... . Green Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Cumberland River, . . , Atlantic Ocean, Pearl River, Bayou Rocheblave, . . , Lake Superior, Wabash River, Chesapeake Bay, Susquehanna River, . Susquehanna River, . Gulf of Mexico, .... Lake St. Clair, Black Water River,. . Androscoggin River,. Saco River, Mattapony River, . . . Alabama River, Stale. N, Y. Pa. Geo. O. N. C. Ten. Md. N. C. N.J. F. T. M. T. Va. Va. Me. M. T. Me. La. Pa. Al. Al. Me. Va. II. N. C. M. T. F. T. Mi. Va. N. C. Va. N. C. Mo. La. N. C. Va. Geo. Mo. S.C. N. C. A. T. Geo. II. Va. M.T. F. T. Ten. S.C. Mi. Al. M.T. In. Md. Pa. Pa. F. T. M. T. F. T. Me. N. H. Va. Al. Ref. Letters. Td s& M o Lh Rk Ik Rh Pm Tf J a Qg Ph Yc Kc Ao Pe Gm Fm Za Pi Gd Oj Ba Jp Dm Ph PI Qi Mk Cg Z An Oj Pj Mo Cg Ml Nk Cj IP Df Pj Ga Kq Hj Nn Do G P I a Gg Rf Rf Kq Lb G P X b Wc Qh Hn Length. 73~ 136 32 200 18 72 17 15 14 76 18 156 100 82 80 18 33 52 50 100 30 15 28 54 45 42 33 36 97 60 64 48 100 38 18 29 17 38 50 90 78 125 184 50 20 63 25 53 20 25 90 460 322 190 230 12 30 23 24 20 200 P2 174 CONSULTING INDEX Rivers. Tallashatchee, . Tallee Hallee, . . Tallce Hooma, . Tangipao, Tar, Tarhio, Tellico, Telogee, Ten Mile, Tennessee, Tensas, . . Tensaw, Thames, Thornapple, . . . Thunderbay,. . . Tickfah, Tiger, Timoka, Tioga, Tippecanoe, . . . Titibawassee, . . Toby's Creek, . . Toe, Toladi, Tombeckbee, . . Tom's Tonnewanta, . . Tonguamenon, . Toxaway, Trent, Tuckahoe, Tuckaseegee, . . Tugaloo, Tug Fork, Turkey, Turtle, Turtle, Twin, Twin, Tye, Tyger, Uharie, Union, Upper Iowa, Upper Little, Valley, Vance, Verdigris, , Vermillion, , Vermillion, , Vermillion, Vermillion, Wabash, , Waccamaw, : , Wahlahgas, or Allagash,. ,,.M, Waite's, , Wakulla Wallkill, Walloostook, M Wando, Ware, Recipient. False River, Leaf River, Leaf River, Lake Pontchartrain, . . Pamlico River, Missouri River, Tennessee River, Ochlockony River, Delaware River, Ohio River, Washita River, Mobile Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Grand River, Thunder Bay, Lake Maurepas, Broad River, Halifax River, Susquehanna, N. B. . . . Wabash River, Saginaw River, Allegheny River, Nolichucky River,. . . . Temiscouata Lake, . . . Mobile River, Barnegat Inlet, Niagara River, Lake Superior, Keowce, Neuse, Atlantic Ocean, Tennessee River, Savannah River, Big Sandy River, .... Mississippi River, St. Simon's Sound, .... Rock River, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, James River, Missouri River, Yadkin River, Atlantic Ocean, Mississippi River, Cape Fear River, Hiwassee River, Lake Erie, Arkansas River, Vermillion Bay, Lake Erie, Illinois River, Osage River, Ohio River, Atlantic Occnn, Walloostook River, . . . Connecticut River, . . . Ocklockony Bay, Hudson River, St. John's, Charleston Harbor, . . . Connecticut River, State. Ret'. Letters. Mi: Mi. Mi. La. N. C. Mo. T. Ten. F. T. N. Y. Ken. La. Al. Ct. M. T. M. T. La. S. C. FT. Pa. In. M. T. Pa. N. C. Me. Al. N.J. N. Y. M. T. S.C. N. C. N.J. N. C. Geo. Va. Mo. T. Geo. II. M. T. M. T. Va. Mo. N. C. Me. Mo. T. N. C. N. C. M. T. Mo. T. La. O. II. Mo. In. S.C. Me. Vt. FT. N. Y. Me. S.C. Mas. D m Eo Eo Dp Qk ZBf Jfc J P Se Fi Bo Fp Ve Id Kb Dp Ml M q Re Hf Ke Oe Lk Fo" Tg Od J a LI Qk Tg Kk LI Lh Dd Mo Fd Hb la Pi Ag Nk Zb Cc Pk Jk K e ZBk Bq Le Ee Ah Fi Om vi> Jp Ue N n Vd TO THE RIVERS. 175 Warreu, Washita, Wassataquiok, Wataga, Wateree, Waubesepimcon, Waupankay, West Fork, West Fork, West Fork, West Sandy, Whetstone, White, White, White, White, White Oak, White Oak, White Water Creek, White Wolf, Wicomico, Wild Cat Creek, .'. Williams, Willis, Wills' Creek, Wimico, Withlacoochee, Wolf, Wolf, Wolf, .., Wolkey, ; Wools, i Wyaconda, , Wytopidlock, Yadkin, Yalo Busha, , Yazoo, , Yazoo Mongon, Yellow, Yellow, Yellow, Yellow Water, Yeopim, York, Youghiogeny, Young's, F. Yungar, or Niargfua, Recipient. Roanoke River, Red River, E. B. Penobscot River Holston River, Santee River, Mississippi River, Wolf River, Big Sandy River, White River, Grand River, Big Sandy River, Scioto River, Connecticut River, . . . Mississippi River, . Lake Michigan, Wabash River, Atlantic Ocean, Tennessee River, St. Francis River, Mississippi River, Chesapeake Bay, Wabash River, Gauley River, James River, Muskingum River, . . . Appalachicola River,. . Suwanee River, St. Louis Bay, Mississippi River, Missouri River, Tombeckbee River,. . . Lake Michigan, Mississippi River, Mattawamkeag River, Great Pedee River, . . . Yazoo River, Mississippi River, Pearl River, Ocmulgee River, St. Croix River, Kankakee River, Yellow Water Bay, . . Albemarle Sound, Chesapeake Bay, Monongahela River, . . Chatham Bay, Osage River, State. Va. La. Me. Ten. S. C. Mo. T. M. T. Ken. In. Mo. Ten. O. Vt. A. T. M. T. In. N.C. Ten. A. T. Mo. T. Md. In. Va. Va. O. F. T. F. T. Mi. Ten. Mo. T. Mi. M. T. Mo. Me. N.C. Mi. Mi. Mi. Geo. M. T. In. F. T. N.C. Va. Pa. F. T. Mo. Ret*. Letters Bo Za Lj Nm De Fa Lh Gh Ag Fj Kg Vc Cm Ic Gh Ql Fk Dk C b Sh Hf Nh Pi Mf Iq Kp Ep Dk ZBg Fm Hb Cf Z a Nl Dm Cn Dn J m Ba He Gp Rj Ri Of Bh 431 36 66 275 95 20 110 225 54 18 75 54 490 50 260 26 20 175 53 32 64 23 40 58 23 125 32 74 120 25 15 54 32 203 60 240 45 48 28 70 100 10 159 110 47 73 ffl H fa. ►J O s w •fal^ iinor-map ©ij}©cM'*T?tOininiOin'— itO00CMCnr--©Tti;Hin^©>ft E !l B P ut, A o oo co ~ -» © g - £ £ © cm £> -; A So in so.;* tj go « « §5 CO CM i— i CM ■— i i-i O © 00 00 CO CO 00 00 CO 00 t— t- 00 "^ CM Tf< r-t i—l siiOQTJuuipuT © © © co -r ?> -f so < — fNto^tMOMimon ao i— lDlH000105Xt-!DOlDO£'t-c6»t-COOl'*«« i-h CO •snqumiof) «yffieMco*-aocnoJ , *i-i cm Tf< to ■, ,„nm»T TOo^wt-f — eoeMCMcMTfeoi-HCOinocMcncoc . m t„t.r..T 'fcoioxooo-i-i-inwX'i'iDfaotijej •aniAUSB KJ rtSon«nin^GOiONinininnt-i^wo ii. t iv -t-.53co5s!^-i^-ioa>aoco30i>oiovn^scoTjr~cnco t~t^tDtO'O^CM--l tj< t- © © CO © 11 • * v CMCO^t~tDtD'n^ , COeoeoeMrtCnr~tOCM ^ •<* t- © 00 t- 1> OOWOW'f^*O l fl l O l Ot ,, tO>nOC)H 00 00 CO CM 00 CO CM t- •BsooiBDsnx $^Soo©t~©co£©to©soi>£-cM «si»rtOnco w cm cm co to oo ir- i> ao t- cm © — r-^^t>-*-*-* »n t- © •ubuubabq ifiin^oootooooNoit-oinioiH cM©-Ht~cotot~co© ^ » to cm « i-S — i o o ao oo t- r- to « co rt cVjot-Iht-'^coaoo Tl'O>n 00 Tf ■* 03 •U0JS3IJBUO -rtnGocMio ,- 35 00 -t" t- 25 «D 25 ■<# OJ rtCOt-f-mtOOOOOO© a 00 CO O CM 00 CM 00 i« >n JO fc- in iQ jg © O CM CM •* CO © IN CO CO •uSiaTBTT ao oo ao ■— ico— i co ■— i >n cm © cm to m to ?- -« j— inron'*^'* V!"l a wooif-coi>i>tom^-*cocort cMeoIn©©inin»ot~ao© co © © t~eo r-eo o © © cm © m -h ti< m t> t- oo — < cm •* h to "DUOTinjOrW CMl^CMTtU^"'*l> i n©tOCOO OCMcOCOOCOO^t^OCMuO V UULU H J !a iS^ioomvnTj'cocMCMCMrt S-^trit-Si-ioiS^^-ooo C0OCit*Wt*KOOON O »C f- I t^ to 00 00 •3J0UmiBCT co©tooo>-HCO;-;©eo©t- cwaooiiaci :*l a t^Tf-^iTticOCOT-ii-li-H >-l CO >n ID 00 CM CM CM CO CO iCi CO i-H t.-vuuaacntDCi»n©CO-**CM© CO>niDO0CMeMI>t~-cnco-^nni>ov2 •UOlSUIUIII M rHOOlrtgrt'Wf- ifJCM t-CO©iftt-toeOtseM»>'-iCM©en uu4ijuiiu[i^YY rt ^ cO- cm en t— co i> co © o ooooQH^tfit-t-Heiitit~inin •BiudiaDBTiUJ cot^togO'Hoo^-cico N0!0«xoicno3>moco-«j!-; c :4 u l°t"'l! 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S S S UOVSUUJSBjW trjT^O-^-^COCMr-ii-n-l r-iCMO©COCMCMl^ir5-*tOOO© i , ililiiiHll|lis|lli'§il i jS in area, 8,500 square miles, or 5,440,000 acres. The sea-coast of this State, from Piscataqua Harbor to the south boundary, is but 18 miles in extent. The country on the coast is level : in the interior, the surface is greatly diversified by hills and valleys, and contains several mountains of consid- erable height ; among which are the White Mountains, the most elevated of any in the Atlantic States. The other considerable elevations are, Moosehillock, Monadnock, Kearsarge, Sunapee, Ossipee, &c. The soil is various, a considerable portion being fertile ; but it is gener- ally better adapted to grazing, than to tillage. The principal Rivers of New England have their origin, either wholly or in part, in this State. These are, the Connecticut, Merrimack, Andros- coggin, Saco, and Piscataqua. The other most considerable streams are, the Upper and Lower Amonoosuck, Sugar River, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Magallaway, and Nashua. The principal Lakes are the Winnipiseogee, Umbagog, Ossipee, Sunapee, Squam, and Newfound Lake. The Manufactures of New Hampshire have increased rapidly, within a few years. There are now more than 40 cotton and woollen manufacto- ries ; many of them on an extensive scale. The imports into New Hamp- shire amounted, in 1831, to $146,205, and the exports to $111,222 ; of which, the domestic produce was, in value, $109,456 : and the tonnage of the State, at the same period, amounted to 18,243 tons. New Hampshire has been called the granite State, from the large quan- tities of that rock quarried within it ; of which, a considerable amount is annually exported to the neighboring States, for building stones. It has been, also, called the Switzerland of America, on account of its wild and picturesque scenery, its lakes, cascades, &c. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Cheshire,. Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, . . Pop. 1830. 27,016 8,390 38,691 37,762 34,619 County Towns. Keene. Lancaster. 5 Haverhill, I Plymouth. Amherst. CONCORD. Rockingham, Strafford, . . . Sullivan, Pop. 1830. 44,452 58,916 19,687 County Towns S Portsmouth, ) Exeter. r Dover, J Gilmanton, } Gilford, [.Rochester. Newport. Total population, in 1830, 269,328 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 209 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701,.. .. 10,000 In 1790,. . 141,885 1730,.. . . 12,000 1800,.. . 183,858 1749,.. . . 30,000 1810,.. . 214,460 1767,.. . . 52,700 1820,.. . 244,161 1775,.. .. 80,038 1830,.. . 269,328 From 1790 to 1800,. . 41,973 1800 to 1810,.. 30,602 1810 to 1820,.. 39,701 1820 to 1830,.. 25,167 SLAVES- 158 8 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 131,184; white Females, 137,537 ; deaf and dumb, 135 ; blind, 105 ; aliens, 410. Total, whites, 268,721. — Free colored, 602; deaf and dumb, 9; Female slaves, 5. Total, 607. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. The internal improvements in this State, are a series of short canals, constructed on the Merrimack River, for the improvement of its navigation ; by means of which, and the Middlesex Canal, Boston is connected with the interior of New Hampshire. Bow Canal, three-quarters of a mile in length, affords a boat navigation round the falls at Bow ; the fall is 25 feet, with 4 locks : it was completed in 1812, and cost $25,000. Hooksett Canal passes Hooksett Falls, by 3 locks, with a fall of 16 feet: its length is about 50 rods, and cost $17,000. Amoskeag Canal is a mile in length : the fall is 45 feet, with 9 locks, and cost $50,000. The Union Canal passes 7 falls in the river, and has 7 locks in 9 miles: it cost $50,000. In the year 1811, a company was incorporated, (the charter of which has since been renewed,) for the pur- pose of forming a Canal from Lake Winnipiseogee to Cocheco River. Near Dover, the waters of the lake being elevated above the river 452 feet, it is estimated to require 53 locks to overcome the fall : the length to be about 27 miles, and the work to cost $3.00,000. PSHIOTCIPAIj stage routes. 1. From Concord to Portsmouth, via Exeter. To Pembroke, . . . Allentown, Raymond, Epping, Exeter, Stratham, Greenland, Portsmouth, 2. From Concord to Portsmouth, via Dover. To Chichester, . . . Epsom, Northwood, Nottingham, .... Durham, Dover, Newington, Portsmouth, Miles Miles. 7 7 14 13 27 5 32 10 42 4 46 3 49, 5 54 8 4 12 6 18 8 26^ 9 35 5 40, 6 46 l 4 50! 3. From Concord to Charleston. To Hopkinson, Hennikcr, .... Hillsboro 1 , .... Washington, . . Lempster, .... Ackworth, .... Charleston, . . . 4. From Concord to Middlebury, Vt. To Boscawen, . Salisbury, Andover, Wilmot Springfield, . . . Enfield, Lebanon, Hanover, Hartford, Vt. . . Sharon, Royalton, Middlebury, . . . 7 8 15 9 24 8 32 6 38 6 44 7 51 8 7 15 7 22 6 28 7 35 7 42 8 50 r. 56 6 62 10 72 7 79 46 125 5. From Concord to Burlington, Vt. To Canterbury, . . Northfield, Sanbornton, New Hampton, . . Holderness, Plymouth, Romney, Haverhill, Bradford, Vt Orange, Barre, MONTPELIER, Burlington, 6. From Concord to Newburyport, Mass. To Pembroke, . . . Suncook, Chester, Hampstead, Atkinson 16 22 30 40 42 50 75 18 100 107 114 152 S2 210 GENERAL VIEW OF Haverhill, Mass. , West Bradford, . , Bradford, West Newbury, . - Newburyport, . . . 7. From Concord to Boston, Mass. To Hooksett, Chester, Derry, Salem, Methuen, Mass.. . Andover, Reading 1 , Stoneham, Medford Charleston, BOSTON, 8. From Concord to Conway. To Canterbury, . . Northfield, Sanbornton, Gilford, Meredith, Centre Harbour, . Moultonboro', . . . Sandwich, Tamworth, Ossippee, Eaton, Conway, 9. From Exeter to Brattleborough. To Kingston, . . . Hawke, Sandown, Chester, Derry, Londonderry,. . . Dunstable, ... . Milford, Wilton, Temple, Petersboro', .... Dublin, Marlboro' Keene, Chesterfield, . . . Brattleborough, . 10. From Dover to Meredith. To Madbury, . Barrington, . , Strafford, .... Barnstead, . . . Gilmanton,. . , Gilford, ..... Meredith, 11. From Dover to Newburyport. To Newington, . . Greenland, Hampton, Hampton Falls, . . Seabrook, E. Salisbury, Mas, 6 4 10 4 14 4 18 5 23 5 28 8 36 12 48 7 55 4 59 6 65 7 72 8 80 5 85 12 97 5 102 4 5 9 5 14 7 21 10 31 8 39 5 44 6 6 12 7 19 2 21 2 23 2 25 Newburyport, . . . . 12. From Dover to Haverhill. To Rochester, . . . Farmington, .... Middleton, Wolf boro', Tuftonboro', .... Moultonboro', . . . Sandwich, Centre Harbour, . Ilolderness, Plymouth, Wentworth, .... Piermont, Haverhill, 1 3. From Haverhill to Sleicartstown. To Bath, Lisbon, Dalton, Lancaster, Northumberland, Stratford, Columbia, Colebrook, Stewartstown, . . . 14. From Dover to Conway. To Rochester, . . . Milton, Wakefield, Ossippee, Eaton, Conway, 10 29 18 26 34 41 53 57 65 70 74 92 103 110 VERMONT. The tract of country which is now known by the name of Vermont, was settled at a much later period than any of the other eastern States. Its distance from the Atlantic coast, and from the River St. Lawrence, prevented any settlement being made in it, either by the French or English, until the colonies of the latter extended themselves into its vicinity. The conquest of Canada in 1760, and its ultimate cession to Great Britain in 1763, opened Vermont to emigration. Vermont was originally claimed by Massachusetts ; and afterwards, both by New Hampshire and New York. In 1777, the people declared themselves independent, and formed a govern- ment of their own. Although Vermont was not admitted into the Union until after the revolutionary contest was over, yet she vigorously resisted British oppression, and, throughout the war of the Revolution, acted a most conspicuous part in the struggle for independence. Her soldiers acquired great distinction for bravery, and the title of " Green mountain boys," which they bore, has ever been regarded as a title of renown. In 1790, VERMONT. 211 the controversy with New York was terminated; and, in 1791, Vermont became a member of the Union. The constitution now in operation was adopted July 4th, 1793. This state is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by N. Hampshire ; S. by Massachusetts ; W. by New York ; from which it is separated, in part, by Lake Champlain. It is 157 miles in length, from north to south ; 90 miles in breadth, on the northern, and 40 on the southern, boundary ; and con- tains an area of 10,212 square miles, or 6,535,680 acres. The Green Mountains, from which the state derives its name, on account of the evergreens with which they are covered, occupy a large part of the State ; and most of its surface is uneven. The range passes through its whole length, about half way between Lake Champlain and the Connecticut river. From these mountains, many streams take their rise : the most important are, Otter creek, Onion river, La Moile, and Missinqua, which empty into Lake Champlain, on the west ; the White, Pasumpsic, and West rivers, which flow into the Connecticut, on the east. The scenery of this State is romantic, and beautiful ; the air pure, and healthful ; and the natives industrious, intelligent, and hospitable. The soil is fertile ; and all sorts of grain, suited to the climate, are pro- duced in great abundance. Dark, rich, and loamy, it is admirably calcu- lated to sustain drought ; and affords the finest pasturage of any State in the Union. Wool is becoming an important product here. Cattle of various kinds are raised, with great facility ; and nowhere is finer beef to be seen, than is fed on the rich white clover pastures of Vermont. The butter and cheese are universally known for their excellence. Vermont is entirely in the interior ; yet, by the system of internal improve- ment, the Champlain Canal, and the Lake,vessels and steam-boats have brought her territory in contiguity with the sea. Part of the trade goes by canal to Albany, and part down the lake to Montreal : much of that which formerly went to Boston and Hartford, is now drawn by the Champlain Canal to New York. This canal has been of incalculable advantage to the State. Vermont has 13 banks, whose aggregate capital is about a million of dollars. About $100,000 is annually raised for the support of common schools. There is also in this State, a literary fund of $25,000. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Addison, . . . Bennington, Caledonia, . . Chittenden, . Essex, Franklin,. . . Grand Isle, . Popula- tion. 24,940 17,468 20,967 21,765 3,981 24,525 21,765 County Towns. Middlebury. 5 Bennington, Manchester. Danville. Burlington. Guildhall. St. Alban's. North Hero. Counties. Orange, Orleans, Rutland, Washington, . Windham, . . . Windsor, Total, . , Popula- tion. 27,285 13,985 31,294 21,378 28,748 40,625 280,657 County Towns. Chelsea. Irasburgh. Rutland. MONTPELLER. Newfane. ^ Windsor, I Woodstock. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. INCREASE. In 1790, 85,539. 1800, 154,465 1810, 217,895 1820, 235,764 1830, 280,657 From 1790 to 1800, 68,826 1800 to 1810, 63,430 1810 to 1820, 17,869 1820 to 1830, 5.5,107 SLAVES. 16 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 139,980; white Females, 139.790; deaf and dumb, 153 ; blind, 51 ; aliens, 3.304. Total, 279,770.— Colored Males, 420 ; Females, 455. Total, 881. 212 GENERAL VIEW OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. There have been several short canals constructed in this State, on the western bank of the Connecticut river ; intended, principally, for improving the navigation of that river. The White river Canal is a small work around a fall in the Connecticut, affording a passage for flat-bottomed boats, and rafts. The Waterqueechy Canal, in Hartland, is another work of a similar nature. The Bellows Falls Canal, in Rockingham, is the most important, being about half a mile in length, with nine locks, over- coming a fall of about 50 feet. It is cut through a bed of hard granite ; and affords a safe passage for small steam-boats, rafts, and flat-bottomed boats. PRZBfrGIPiLXa STil&B ROUTES. 1 . From Montpelier to Albany. To Berlin, Williams Town, . Rrookfield, ...... Randolph, ...... Royal ton, Stockbridge, .... Sherburn, Rutland, Castleton, Fairhaven, Whitehall, Albany, Miles 4 6 6 7 8 12 12 9 11 5 8 72 2. From Montpelier to Boston. To Berlin, Williamstown,. . . Brookfield, Randolph, Royalton, Barnard, Woodstock, Windsor, Claremont, N. H. Unity, Washington, ... Hillsboro', Deering, Franceston, .... Mount Vernon, . . Amherst, Tyngsboro', Mass. Chelmsford, Lowell, Biilerica, BOSTON, 3. From Montpelier to Burlington To Middlesex, , Waterbury, . . , Bolton, Richland, Williston, 10 16 23 31 43 55 64 75 80 88 160 10 16 23 31 39 47 59 69 73 87 95 101 107 115 119 136 140 144 150 168 Burlington, 4. From Montpelier to Haverhill, N.H. ToBarre, Orange, West Topsham, . . Bradford, Haverhill, N.H... 5. From Montpelier to Derby Line. To Calais, Woodbury, Hardwick, Greensboro', .... Glover, Barton, Derby Line, 6. From Montpelier to Keene. To Northfield, . . . Roxbury, Randolph, Bethel, Barnard, Woodstock, Weathersfield, . . . Springfield, Charlestown, N.H. Surry, Keene, 7. From Burling- ton to Bennington To Williston, Hinesburg, Monkton, New Haven, .... Middlebury, Salisbury, Leicester, Brandon, Pittsford, Rutland 3S 17 27 36 45 54 78 85 91 108 114 Clarendon, . . Wallingford, Danby, Dorset, Manchester, . Sunderland, . Arlington, . . Shaftsbury, . Bennington, , From Rutland to Walpole. To Clarendon, . . . Mount Holly, Ludlow, Chester, Rockingham,. . . . Bellows Falls, . . . Walpole, N. H. . . 9. From Haverhill, N. H, to Derby Line. To Newbury, .... Wells' River, .... Mclndoes' Falls, . Barnet, St. Johnsbury, . . . Lynden, Sutton, Barton, Brownington, . . . Derby, Derby Line, 10. From Littleton. N.H, to Burling- ton, Vt. To Water ford, Vt. St. Johnsbury, . . . Danville, Walden, Hardwick, Greensboro', Craftsbury, Burlington, 64 77 84 90 97 104 109 113 119 126 16 22 30 36 40 46 110 MASSACHUSETTS. 213 11. From Burling- ton to Derby Line. To Essex, Jericho, Underbill, Cambridge, Johnston, Hyde Park, Wolcot, Craflsbury, Albany, Irasburg, Coventry, Derby, . . * Derby Line, 12. From Brattle- bori to Albany, N. Y To Marlboro', . . . Wilmington, .... IS Readsboro', . . . Bennington, . . . Hoosick, N.Y.. Pittstown, Brunswick, . . . Lansingburg, . . Troy, ALBANY, . . . 13. From White hall, N. Y, to Ver gennes. To Fairhaven, . . , West Haven, Benson, Orwell, Shoreham, Bridport, Addison, , Vergennes, 24 38 45 59 66 68 71 14. From Middle. bury to Royalton. To Ripton, Hancock, Rochester, Stockbridge, | Bethel, Royalton, 15. From Charles- ton, N. H., to Ben- nington. Springfield, Chester, Londonderry,. . . . Peru, Winhall, Manchester, Sunderland, Arlington, Shaftsbury, Bennington, MASSACHUSETTS. This State, the oldest and most important in New England, was first permanently settled by a party of emigrants from England, who left their native country on account of religious persecution, to seek an asylum in which they might enjoy freedom of conscience, unrestrained by arbitrary power. They landed at Plymouth, in Cape Cod Bay, December 22d, 1620 ; and there was first tried the experiment of founding a colony on the principles of general virtue and intelligence. In founding this political community, the doctrine of equal rights and powers of individuals was distinctly recognized. Legislative acts were early passed, for the instruc- tion of every child in the community. Religion was the first care of the colonists, and, in imitation of the primitive Christians, they threw all their property into a common stock ; but the experience of the mischiefs arising from this political partnership, soon induced them to relinquish it. Another settlement, under the title of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was planted at Salem, in 1628. These colonies were formed by the oppressions, and, for the first seventy years of their existence, struggled against the arbitrary measures of the Stuart dynasty, until the Revolution of 1688 drove the tyrants from the seat of their abused power. They remained separate until 1692, when they were united under a new charter, granted by Wil- liam and Mary, including Maine. During the Indian and French wars, Massachusetts expended much blood and treasure. On her soil, the first spark of American independence was lighted : the contest against the tyranny of the mother country commenced, at Lexington, 11 miles north- west of Boston.. On a plain stone column, near the church on the public square, is the simple and affecting inscription of the names of the first victims of the struggle. No State in the Union has left a more indelible impress of her enterprise, education, institutions, and character, on the whole country, and on all countries where the American flag is unfurled, than Massachusetts. 214 GENERAL VIEW OF This State is bounded north by Vermont and New Hampshire ; east by the Atlantic Ocean ; south by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and west by New York. The average extent, from north to south, is 70 miles; and from east to west, 140 ; area, 8,500 square miles, or 5,440,000 acres. The Green Mountains range through the central parts of the State, from north to south. These mountains, in their whole extent, abound in noble elevations, dark-green forests, pleasant and sheltered valleys, and an infinite variety of impressive scenery. The highest peaks are, Saddle Mt., Taghkonic, Mt. Tom, Mt. Holyoke, &c. Massachusetts has no large rivers wholly within her bounds. The Mer- rimack passes out of New Hampshire into the northern division of the State, emptying into the sea at Newburyport. The Connecticut, in traversing it from north to south, nearly bisects the State. The Housatonic, Charles, and Ipswich, Neponset, and Taunton, though they have short courses, are pleasant streams. The deep bay between Cape Ann and Cape Cod, which has given name to the State, has caused it to be known in the other States by the name of the Bay State. Cape Ann bounds it on the north, and Cape Cod on the south. Agriculture receives here great attention, and is conducted with a superior degree of skill and intelligence. Commerce and manufactures are, how- ever, the great objects of pursuit. In this State, there are near 40 millions of dollars invested in manufacturing stock; of which, 6J millions are employed in Lowell alone. This place, which is second only to Pittsburg, as a manufacturing town, and may be considered the Manchester of America, has been unexampled in its rapid growth. It was commenced in 1813 ; but its principal increase dates from 1822 : it now contains from 12 to 13,000 inhabitants. Its various cotton and woollen factories give employment to about 6,000 operatives ; the greater part of whom are females. About 10J million pounds of cotton, and near seven hundred thousand pounds of wool, are expended annually, in the production of about 27 million yards of cotton and woollen goods, and carpeting. The supply of water-power from the Merrimack is convenient and unfailing. Waltham is likewise noted for its manufactures : and in the town of Lynn, from 1\ to 2 million pairs of shoes are made annually; the principal part of which are exported to the West Indies, and the southern States. The commerce of Massachusetts extends to all parts of the globe. In the amount of its shipping, it is among the first in the Union ; and, jn its import trade, second only to New York. In 1831, the imports amounted to $14,269,056 ; and the exports, to $7,733,763 ; of which, $4,027,201 was domestic produce and manufactures, and $3,706,682 foreign produce. Twenty millions of dollars are employed in banking capital ; and about eight millions in insurance offices. This State shares the greater portion of the whale and bank fisheries in the United States. This pursuit employs many thousand hands, furnishes one of the most important branches of trade in these parts of the United States, and trains vast numbers of the most intrepid and experienced mari- ners in the world. Her literary, religious, and charitable institutions, are the pride of Massa- chusetts. Within a few years, Boston alone has expended nearly two millions of dollars for objects of that character, exclusive of an annual expenditure of about $200,000, for the support of public and private schools. MASSACHUSETTS. 215 POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Barnstable, Berkshire, . Bristol, . . . Duke's, . . . Essex, Franklin,. Hampden, Popula- tion. 28,514 37,835 49,592 3,517 82,859 29,501 31,639 County Towns. Barnstable. Lenox. t N. Bedford, ) Taunton. Edgartown. C Salem. < Newburyport ( Ipswich. Greenfield. Springfield. Hampshire, . Middlesex, . . Nantucket, , Norfolk, Plymouth, . , Suffolk, Worcester, Total, Popula- tion. 30,254 77,961 7,203 41,972 43,044 62,163 84,835 610,408 County Towns. Northampton. ^ Cambridge, ( Concord. Nantucket. Dedham. Plymouth. BOSTON. Worcester. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701, 70,000; in 1742, 164,000; in 1763, 241,024; in 1765, 227,926; in 1776, 348,094; in 1784, 357,510. INCREASE. From 1790 to 1800, 44,058 1800 to 1810, 49,195 1810 to 1820, 51,247 1820 to 1830 87,121 In 1790 348,787 1800, 422,845 1810, 472,040 1820, 523,287 1830, 610,408 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 294,085; white Females, 308,674; deaf and dumb, 250; blind, 218; aliens, 8,787. Total Whites, 603,359.— Free colored Males, 3,360; Females, 3,685. Total, 7,045.— Slaves, 4. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. The Middlesex Canal connects the Merrimack river with Boston harbor. It extends from Charlestown, opposite Boston, to Chelmsford, — 27 miles. The company was incorporated in 1789, and the canal was completed in 1808. Breadth at the surface, 30 feet; at bottom, 20 ; depth of water, 3 feet; lockage, 136 feet; with 20 locks, and 5 aqueducts. Summit-level, 104 feet above tide-water; and 32 above the Merrimack. This work, in connexion with those in New Hampshire, opens a water communication between Boston and the interior parts of that State. Cost $528,000. Pawtucket Canal, in the town of Lowell, is 1\ miles in length, 90 feet wide, and 4 feet deep ; overcoming a fall of 32 feet. It was originally constructed in 1797, but has been since widened and deepened ; and is now a very important work, affording an extensive water-power to numerous manufactories. Blackstone Canal. — This work commences at Worcester, Massachusetts, and extends to Providence, R. I. It has 48 locks, each 80 feet long by 10 wide: breadth at the surface, 34 feet; at the bottom, 18 feet; depth of water, 4 feet. The cost of this canal was about $600,000. It was com- pleted in 1828. The summit-level at Worcester is 451.61 feet above tide- water at Providence. The Hampshire and Hampden Canal is intended to connect with the Farmington Canal at Southwick, and to extend thence to Northampton — 20 miles : rise and fall, 298 feet. This work, when completed, will, with the Farmington Canal, connect the Connecticut river with New Haven harbor. Entire distance, 78 miles. South Hadley Canal was constructed for passing a fall of 50 feet, in Connecticut river. It is 2 miles in length, with 5 locks. About one-third of the length of the canal is cut through a solid rock, 10 feet deep ; and 216 GENERAL VIEW OF near the locks, more than 40 feet deep, for 300 feet in length. It was the earliest work of the kind in the United States, being commenced in 1792. Montague Canal, on the east bank of the Connecticut river, was con- structed for passing a fall of 60 feet in the river. It is 3 miles long, 25 feet wide, and 3 feet deep , with 8 locks. RAIL KOADS. Quincy Rail-Road. — This work was constructed for transporting granite from the quarry at Quincy, to the tide-waters of Neponset river. Includ- ing branches, it is 4 miles in length, single track, of stone and iron : an inclined plane of 375 feet in length, serves to convey the stone down an elevation of 85 feet to the road, at the foot of the quarry. It is the first work of the kind finished in the United States, being completed in 1827. Boston and Worcester Rail-Road. — This road is to extend to Worcester, 43 miles : estimated to cost about $900,000, and to be completed in 1834. It is proposed to continue the road to the Connecticut river ; thence, through Berkshire county into the state of New York, to connect with the New York and Albany Rail-Road at Greenbush, opposite to Albany : the whole distance about 200 miles. Boston and Providence Rail-Road. — This work is to extend, in nearly a straight line, from Boston to Providence, R. I., 42 miles. The company was incorporated in 1831, with a capital of $1,000,000. Probably, the road will be finished in 1834. The immense amount of passengers and merchandise constantly passing and repassing between Boston and the south, will render this work one of the most important of the kind in the Union. It is proposed, at a future period, to continue the road to either Stonington or New London, as shall be found most expedient. Boston and Taunton Rail-Road, to extend from Boston to Taunton ; dis- tance 32 miles. The Company was incorporated in 1831, with a capital of $1,000,000. It is proposed to unite this work with the Boston and Provi- dence Rail-Road, at Sharon, 18 miles from Boston. Boston and Lowell Rail-Road — From Boston to Lowell, 25 miles. The company was incorporated in 1830 : to be completed in 1834. This work is to be carried across Charles river, by a wooden viaduct, and to terminate at the canal basin in Lowell ; from which, there are to be branches along the several canals, to the factories. Near its northern termination, it passes through a ledge of rock about 900 feet long, and 40 feet high. The cut is 60 feet wide at the top, and 30 feet at the bottom. This is considered as the commencement of a series of rail-roads, to be carried through the States of New Hampshire and Vermont, to a point on Lake Champlain, opposite to, or near, Plattsburg ; thence, across the State of New York to Ogdensburgh, on the St. Lawrence river : the entire distance, about 335 miles. The accomplishment of this line of rail-roads will afford to the city of Boston, and the country through which the road passes, as great and important advantages as any other enterprise of the kind in the United States. A Rail-Road is likewise contemplated from Boston to Salem : to be continued to the northern line of the State. Massachusetts. 217 FSINGIFAL STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Boston to Portsmouth. To Charlestown, Lynn, Salem, Beverly, Wenham, Hamilton, Ipsvrich, Rowley, Newburyport, . . . Salisbury, Seabrook, N.H.. Hampton Falls, . Hampton, Northampton, . . Portsmouth, .... 2. From Boston to Albany, via Wor- cester and North- ampton. To Cambridge, . . Watertown, Waltham, Weston, East Sudbury, . . . Sudbury, Marlborough, . . . Northborough,. . . Shrewsbury, .... Worcester, Leicester, Spencer, Brookfield, Ware, Belchertown, .... Hadley, Northampton, .... Westhampton, . . . Chesterfield, Worthington, .... Peru, Hinsdale, Dalton, Pittsfield, New Lebanon, n. y. Nassau, Schodack, Greenbush, ALBANY, 3. From Boston to Albany, via Lan- caster and Green- field. To Cambridge, . . Watertown, Waltham, Lincoln •7 10 13 16 20 26 32 36 39 45 50 57 66 76 88 91 99 105 111 117 120 123 130 139 147 159 163 164 Stow, Bolton, Lancaster, .... Sterling, Princeton, .... Hubbardstown, Barre, Petersham,. . . . Leverett, Montague, .... Greenfield, .... Deerfield, Conway, Ashfield, Plainfield, .... Savoy, Cheshire, Lanesboro', . . . Hancock, Stephentown, . . Troy, Watervleit, . . . ALBANY, . . . 4. From Boston to Albany, via Green- field Sf Williams- town. To Lancaster, . . . Leominster, Fitchburg, Westminster, .... Gardner, Templeton, Phillipston, Athol, Orange, Montague, Greenfield, Shelburne, Charlemont, Florida, Adams, Williamstown,. . . Hancock, Stephentown,N . Y. Troy, Watervleit, . . . ALBANY, . . . 5. From Boston to New Haven, via Hartford. To Brighton, .... Newton, Natick, Framingham, . . . Southboro', Westboro', Worcester, 22 28 32 38 45 52 57 62 77 82 92 99 103 109 116 123 131 136 144 148 166 172 178 32 39 44 47 51 54 58 62 64 82 93 97 109 121 124 133 144 148 164 170 176 Charlton, Sturbridge,. . . . Holland, StafFordSprings,Ct Tolland, Vernon, HARTFORD,.. Weathersfield, . . . Middletown, Durham, Northford, NEW HAVEN,. 6. From Boston to Saratoga Springs. To Cambridge, . . Lexington, Concord, Acton, Littleton, Groton, Pepperel, Townsend, New Ipswich, . . . Jaffrey, . Marlboro', Keene, Walpole, Bellows Falls, . . . Chester, Landgrove, Manchester, Arlington, Cambridge, Union Village,. . . Schuylerville, . . . Saratoga Springs, 7. From Boston to Hartford. To Dedham, .... Medfield, Medway, Bellingham, Milford, Mendon, Uxbridge, Douglass, Thompson, Pomfret, Ashford, Mansfield, Coventry, Manchester, East Hartford,... HARTFORD, . . From Boston to Netvport,R.I. To Roxbury, .... 218 Dorchester, Milton, Stoughton, N. Bridgewater, . Easton, Taunton, Berkley, Freetown, Troy, Tiverton, R.I NEWPORT, ... 9. From Boston to Providence. To Roxbury, .... Dedham, Walpole, Foxborough, .... Wrentham, Pawtucket, PROVIDENCE, 10. From Boston to Salem. To Charlestown, . Lynn, Salem, 11. From Boston to Falmouth. To Quincy, Hingham, Scituate, Hanover, Pembroke, Plymouth, ...... Sandwich, GENERAL VIEW OF Falmouth, 12. From Boston to New Bedford. To Quincy, Weymouth, Abington, 42j East Bridgewater, 46 Bridgewater, Middleborough,. N.BEDFORD, 13. From Boston to Dover, N.H. To Charlestown, . Maiden, Reading, Andover, Plaistow,N.H. .. Kingston, Exeter, New Market, .... Durham, Dover, 14. From Newbu- ryport to Lowell. To Rowley, Boxford, lAndover, Tewkesbury, .... jLowell, 15. From Salem to Lowell To North Reading Andover, 22 78 9 3 12 8 20 4 24 3 27 9 36 21 57 1 4 5 7 12 7 19 14 33 8 41 8 49 4 53 7 60 5 65 6 6 12 8 20 6 26 5 31 11 8 19 78 Lowell, I 11 16. From Worces- ter to Keene,N.H To Holden, Rutland, Hubbardstown, . . iTempleton, iWinchendon, .... Fitzwilliam, N. H. Troy, Keene, 17. From Worces- ter to Lowell. To Boylestown,. . Sterling, Lancaster, Shirley, Groton, VVestford, Chelmsford, Lowell, 18. From Spring- field to Albany. West Springfield, Westfield, Becket, Lee, Stockbridge, Canaan, Chatham, Nassau, Schodac, Greenbush, ALBANY, 30 RHODE ISLAND Is the smallest State in the Union, but is pleasantly situated, and pos- sesses numerous facilities for commerce and manufactures, which the enter- prise of its citizens has improved to great advantage. The founder of this State was Roger Williams, a man remarkable for his benevolence, justice, and pacific policy. He was banished from the Plymouth colony for avowing the doctrine of the equal toleration of all religious sects in the same political community. In 1636, he purchased lands of the Indians, and, in conjunction with his followers, founded the present flourishing city of Providence, which place he thus named in grateful acknowledgment of the protection of Heaven. In 1638, Williams was followed by Codrington and others, who settled the island of Rhode Island. By the wise policy of Williams towards the Indians, and his respect to all sects of religion, this colony was rendered exceedingly prosperous. The settlement of Rhode Island was, for a long time, regarded with a jealous eye by its powerful neighbor, Massachusetts ; and the colony, deprived of any assistance, was forced to depend upon its own growing resources. When the confederacy of the United Colonies of New England was formed, in 1643, Rhode Island, at the instance of Massachusetts, was excluded from it, and her commis- RHODE-ISLAND. 219 sioners were not admitted in the congress of deputies which formed it. On her petitioning, five years afterwards, to be received as a member, her request was refused, unless she would consent to be incorporated with Plymouth, and thereby surrender her separate existence. The condition was rejected without hesitation, and she was never admitted into the con- federacy. For a long period previous to the American revolution, the affairs of Rhode Island are barren of incidents. Fortunate in living under a well-regulated democracy, enjoying a salubrious climate, and possessing great advantages for commerce, the inhabitants of this province, if they played no distinguished part in the drama of life, were prosperous and happy. This tranquil period was terminated, in 1765, by the stamp act, against which, and every other violence of the British Government, Rhode Island opposed a steady and effectual resistance. As early as 1774, the royal stores and artillery were seized ; and when the day of open war dawned, she acted a conspicuous part in the revolutionary contest. In the convention which met in 1787, for the purpose of revising the Federal Constitution, Rhode Island was not represented, and for some time evinced considerable hostility to the new frame of government. She was the last of the original thirteen States to accede to the present constitution, her consent being retarded until May, 1790. Rhode Island has no written constitution, and differs in this respect from the other States. She is governed by the charter of Charles II., granted in 1663, the provisions of which are so liberal, that little inconvenience has been hitherto experienced from the want of a constitution. This State is bounded north and east by Massachusetts, south by the Atlantic Ocean, and west by Connecticut. Its extent, from north to south, is about 48 miles, and from east to west, 42 ; area 1,500 square miles, or 960,000 acres. The face of the country is mostly level, except in the north- west, part of which is hilly and rocky. The soil is generally better adapted to grazing than tillage. A large proportion of the north-western and west- ern part of the State has a thin and lean soil, but the islands and country bordering on Narragansett Bay are of great fertility, and are celebrated for their fine cattle, and the abundance and excellence of their butter and cheese. The products are corn, rye, barley, oats, and some wheat. The island of Rhode Island is celebrated for its beautiful, cultivated appearance, abounding in smooth swells, and being divided with great uniformity into well-tilled fields. The climate much resembles that of Massachusetts and Connecticut in its salubrity : the parts of the State adjacent to the sea are favored with refreshing breezes in summer, and its winter is the most mild of any of the New England States. This is the most manufacturing section of the Union, in proportion to its population. In 1831, there were 116 cotton manufactories, 5 bleacheries, and 2 calico-printing establishments, with an aggregate capital of $6,794,715 employed alone in the manufacture of cotton. The commercial prosperity of the State has kept pace with its manufactures : the amount of shipping is between 40 and 50,000 tons. The amount of imports was, in 1831, $562,161 : exports, domestic, $348,250 ; foreign, $19,215 : total $367,465. In no part of the United States has banking been carried on to such an extent as in Rhode Island. There are in this small State 51 banks, with an aggregate capital of $6,723,296. There are at present 323 public schools, towards the support of which the State pays annually $10,000. 220 GENERAL VIEW OF POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties Bristol, Kent, Newport, . . . Popula- tion. County Towns. 5,466 Bristol. 12,789 E. Greenwich. 1 6,535 |Newport. Counties. Popula- tion. Washington, .... 47,018 15,411 Total, 97,199 County Towns. Providence. S. Kingston. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701, 10,000; in 1730, 17,935; in 1748, 34,128; in 1755, 46,636; in 1774, 59,678 ; in 1783, 51,809. In 1790, 68,825. 1800, 69,122 1810, 76,931 1820, 83,059 1830, 97,199 From 1790 to 1800, 297 1800 to 1810, 7,809 1810 to 1820, 6,128 1820 to 1830, 14,140 948 380 108 48 14 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 45,333; white Females, 48,288; deaf and dumb, 43; blind, 57; aliens, 1,103. Total whites, 93,(>21.— Free colored Males, 1,544; Females, 2,020. Total, 3,564.— Slaves, Males, 3 ; Females, 11. Total, 14. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Canals. — See Blackstone Canal, in Massachusetts. Rail-Roads. — A company was incorporated in 1832, to construct a rail-road from Providence to Norwich, in Connecticut ; and another, to construct a rail-road from Providence to Stonington, in Connecticut. PRINCIPAL STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Provi- dence to Newport. To Barrington, . . Warren, Bristol, Portsmouth, Newport, 2. From Provi- dence to New London, Ct. To Coventry, .... West Greenwich, Hopkinton, North Stonington, Groton, New London, 3. From Provi- dence to Taun- ton, Mas. To Pawtucket, . . Seekonk, Rehobotli, Taunton, 4. From Provi Miles Miles. 8 3 11 4 15 3 18 9 27 14 4 18 16 34 6 40 13 53 1 54 3 2 5 8 13 8 21 dence to Spring- field, Mas. To Greenville,. . . Chepacket, Thompson, Southbridge, .... Sturbridge, Brimfield, Monson, , Wilbraham, Springfield, 5. From Provi dence to New Bedford, Mas To Seekonk, . . Swansey, Fall River, West Port, New Bedford, . 6. From Bristol to Sandwich, Mas. To Tiverton, . . . Little Compton, . Westport, New Bedford, . . 9 7 16 12 28 11 39 6 45 6 51 7 58 7 65 8 73 4 9 13 4 17 7 24 10 34 6 10 16 9 25 9 34 Fair Haven, Rochester, Wareham, Sandwich, 7. From Newport to New Bedford. To Portsmouth, . Westport, Dartmouth, New Bedford, . . . 8. From Provi- dence to Worces- ter, Mas. To Slatersville, . . Uxbridge, Northbridge, .... Milbury, Worcester, ...... 9. From Bristol to Taunton. To Warren, . . . Somerset, Dighton, Taunton, 18 CONNECTICUT. 221 CONNECTICUT. Connecticut was first settled by emigrants from Massachusetts, who located themselves in Windsor, Hartford, and Weathersfield. A charter was granted to them by Charles II., in 1662. New Haven, which was settled by emigrants from England in 1638, formed, for some time, a separate colony ; but was united with Connecticut, under this charter, in 1665. The people were greatly harassed by the arbitrary and oppressive conduct of James II. In 1687, Sir Edmond Andros, having been appointed governor of New England, came to Hartford, and, by royal authority, demanded a surrender of the charter. The assembly, being then in session, were reluctant to comply ; and, while the subject was under consideration, the charter was secretly conveyed away, and concealed in the cavity of an old oak tree, on the estate of Mr. Wyllys, one of the magistrates of the colony. This charter formed the basis of the government, until 1818, when the present constitution was adopted. — Blessed with a salubrious climate, and a fertile country of hill and dale, the people of this state enjoy as much happiness as is allotted to any part of the human family. Its population is always full, although its domain is not. extensive. No Atlantic State has sent so many of its children, or so large a share of intellectual wealth, to the western country. In no part of the world, have more ample means been provided for education, than in this State. Her institutions of learning, and provision for the general instruction of the people, have placed Connecticut on a proud eminence among her sister States. Her school fund is nearly two millions of dollars ; the interest of which, amounting in 1832 to upwards of $84,000, affords instruction to about 90,000 children, annually. Perfect religious toleration is enjoyed in Connecticut: no person is compelled to support, or be connected with, any religious association or church. This State is bounded on the north by Massachusetts ; south by Long Island Sound ; east by Rhode Island ; and west by New York. It is 90 miles in length, 70 miles in breadth, and contains 4,764 square miles, or 3,048,960 acres. The principal Rivers are, the Connecticut, Housatonic, Thames, Farm- ington, and Naugatuck. The face of the country is, generally, hilly ; and, in the north-western parts, mountainous. The soil is good ; and the industrious inhabitants have not neglected its cultivation. The valley of Connecticut river, from Middletown to the northern boundary of the State, is a luxuriant meadow, chequered by patches of wheat, corn, and other grain. Some other parts of the State are well cultivated, and fruitful ; and some portions are beautiful, as well from- the gifts of nature, as the improvements of art. The chief productions are, Indian corn, rye, wheat ; in many parts, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in large quantities, &c. Orchards are numerous, and cider is made for exportation. The State is, however, generally better adapted to grazing than tillage, and its fine meadows and pastures enable the farmer to feed great numbers of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity of butter and cheese, annually made, is great, and of well-known excellence. T 2 222 GENERAL VIEW OF The manufactures of Connecticut are considerable ; and the ingenuity and industry of the people, in this line, have a reputation coextensive with the Union. The principal articles are cotton and woollen goods, clocks, glass, hats, buttons, fire-arms, a large amount of tin- ware, and many other products. The foreign trade is chiefly with the West Indies ; but it is less extensive than the coasting trade. The exports were, in 1831, $448, 883. New London, Stonington, and some other towns, have lately engaged, with much success, in the whaling business. There are twenty banks, with a capital of upwards of five millions of dollars ; besides which, there are 11 insurance companies, and five banks for savings. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Fairfield, . . . Hartford, . . . Litchfield, . . Middlesex,. . Popula- tion. 46,950 51,141 42,855 24,845 County Towns. ) Fail )Dar Fairfield, nbury. Hartford. Litchfield. \ Middletown, ) Haddam. Counties. New Haven, . . . New London, . . Tolland Windham, Total, Popula- tion. 43,848 42,295 18,700 27,077 297,675 County Towns. New Haven. London, Norwich. Tolland. Brooklyn. In 1701,. 1749,. 1756,. 1774,. 1782,. PO . 30,000 . 100,000 . 130,611 . 197,856 . 209,150 PULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1790,. . 237,946 11 increase. 1800,. . 251,002 From 1790 to 1800,. . . 1810,.. 261,942 1800 to 1810,... 1820,. . 275,248 1810 to 1820,. . . 1830,. . 297,675 || 1820 to 1830,. . . . 13,056 . 10,940 . 13,306 . 22,427 SLAVES. 2,764 954 310 97 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 143,047; white Females, 146,556; of which are, deaf and dumb, 234 ; blind, 188 ; aliens, 1,481. Total Whites, 289,603.— Free colored, 8,047; Slaves, 25; deaf and dumb, 6; blind, 7. Total, 8,075. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. Farmington Canal. — This work commences at New Haven, and passes through the State of Connecticut, 58 miles, to the northern boundary of the State, where it connects with the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, 20 miles in length, terminating at Northampton, on the Connecticut river : whole distance, 78 miles. Fifty-six miles of this canal are completed. It is 36 feet wide, at the surface of the water ; 20 feet at the bottom ; and 4 feet in depth : lockage, 218 feet. The locks are 80 feet in the clear, and 12 feet wide. At its commencement, at New Haven, is a basin of 20 acres. Commenced in 1825, and finished in 1831, at a cost of $600,000. Enfield Canal. — This Canal is constructed around Enfield Falls, on Connecticut river. It commences about 11 miles above Hartford, and is 5^ miles in length, with 3 locks, each 90 by 20 feet, overcoming a fall of 30 feet. Besides the advantages derived from this work, in the improvement of the navigation of the river, it furnishes a large amount of water-power, which is yet but partially improved. Rail Road. — A rail-road has been projected from New Haven to Hart- ford, and a company formed for the purpose of carrying it on. CONNECTICUT. 223 PRINCIPAL STAGE ROUTES. 1. From New Ha- ven to New York. To Milford, Stratford, Bridgeport, Fairfield, Saugatuck, Norwalk, Darien, Stamford, Greenwich, Savvpits.N. Y.... Rye, Mamaroneck, . . . New Rochelle, . . . East Chester, West Farms, . . . . Hserlem, New York, 2. From Provi dence, R. I., to New Haven. To Scituate, R. I. Sterling 1 , Plainfield, Jevvett's City, . . . Norwich, New London, .... Waterford, Lyme, Say Brook, Killingworth, .... Madison, Guilford, Branford, East Haven, .... NEW HAVEN,. 3. From New Ha- ven to Poughkeep- sie, N. Y. To Derby, Huntington, Monroe, Newton, Danbury, Milltown, N.Y... Patterson, Fishkill, Povghkeepsie, . . . 4. From Hartford to New Haven. To Farmington, . Southington, .... Cheshire, NEW HAVEN,. 5. From Hartford Miles 9 5 26 30 36 44 57 60 73 77 86 90 95 104 107 111 to Norwalk. To Farmington, Burlington, .... Harwinton, .... Litchfield, New Milford, . . . Brookfield', Danbury, Reading, Wilton, Norwalk, 6. From Hartford, Ct., to Haverhill. To East Windsor, Enfield Long Meadow, Mas. Springfield, South Hadley, . . . Amherst, Sunderland, Montague, Northfield Hinsdale, N.H... Brattleboro', Vt. . Chesterfield, N.H Westmoreland, . . Walpole, Bellows-Falls, Vt. Charlestown.N.H Claremont, Cornish, Windsor, Vt Plainfield, N. H. . Lebanon, Hanover, Lyme, Orford, Piermont, Haverhill, 7. From Hartford to Litchfield. To Farmington, Bristol, Plymouth, .... Litchfield, .... 8. From Hartford to Albany, N. Y. To Canton, New Hartford,. . . Winchester, Norfolk, Canaan, Sheffield, Mas.... Egremont, Austerlitz, N. Y. . Spencertown,. . . . Chatham, 18 25 29 41 53 58 63 73 81 1 86! 90 97 105 109 118 129 140 141 148 161 165 175 182 187 193 Greenbush, ALBANY, 9. From Hartford to New London. To East Hartford, Manchester, Bolton, Andover, Columbia, Lebanon, Franklin, Norwich, New London, .... Hart- Ware, 10. From ford to Mas. To East Hartford, East Windsor, . . . Ellington, Somers, Wilbraham, Mas. Palmer, Ware, 11. From Provi- dence, R. I., to Hartford. To Scituate, Foster, R. I Killingly, Pomfret, Ashford, Mansfield, Coventry, Manchester, East Hartford,. . . HARTFORD,.. 12. From Provi- dence, R. I., to Middletown. To Foster, R. I Killingly, Brooklyn, Windham, .... Columbia, .... Hebron, Chatham, Middletown, . . . 13. From Litch- field to Pongh keepsie, N. Y. To Sharon Amenia, N. Y. Washington, Pleasant Valley, . Povghkeepsie, . . . 10 6 8 6 10 7 4 10 6 2 20 8 10 9 8 224 GENERAL VIEW OF 14. From Hartford to Newbury, Vt. To Windsor, .... Suffield, Springfield, Mas. West Springfield, East Hampton, . . Northampton, .... Hatfield, Whately, ... Deerfield, Greenfield, Bernardston, .... Guilford, Vt Brattleboro', .... Dummerstown, . . 9 8 17 11 28 3 31 12 43 5 48 5 53 5 58 7 65 4 69 7 76 10 86 5 91 1 5 96! Putney, Westminster,. . . , Walpole, N. H. . Bellows Falls, Vt. Springfield, Windsor, Hartland, Hartford, Hanover, N. H.. . Norwich, Vt Thetford, Fairlee, Bradford, Newbury, 15. From New Ha 7 103, 6 109 2 111 5 116 14 130 16 146| 7 153 7 160 5 165 2 167 7 174 7 181 8 189 8 197 ven to Albany, N Y. Woodbridge, .... Waterbury, Watertown, Litchfield, 'East Goshen, jCanaan, Sheffield, [Great Barrington, jWest Stockbridge, (Chatham, Nassau, Schodack, . .... Greenbush, . . . I ALB ANY, . . . 20 28 38 44 53 65 71 84 92 98 103 109 110 NEW YORK. The territory now forming the State of New York was Originally included in the grant of Virginia, made by Queen Elizabeth, and in the grant of North and South Virginia, made in 1606 by James I. This part of the continent was, however, unknown to Europeans, until 1609, when it was first discovered by Henry Hudson, an enterprising English naviga- tor, then in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. The first settlements were made by the Dutch, in 1614, at New Amsterdam and Fort Orange, now the cities of New York and Albany. In 1621, the States General of the United Provinces granted the colony to the Dutch West India Company, by the name of the New Netherlands. From the Dutch it was conquered by the English, in 1664, and granted by Charles II., together with some adjacent parts, to his brother James, Duke of York, when it first received the name it now bears. New York soon became an important" colony, and continued gradually to grow in resources and population. The people of this province opposed as strenuous a resistance to the arbitrary measures of the mother country, as any of her sister colonies ; and, during the continuance of the revolu- tionary contest, was the theatre of hostilities for most part of that gloomy period. Some of the most memorable events of the war occurred in this State, particularly the capture of General Burgoyne and his army, in 1777, a year also rendered memorable in her annals by the adoption of a repub- lican constitution. From the peace of 1783, she made wonderful advances in wealth and population. This State takes rank in the confederacy of the Union, not only in population, but in extent and wealth, great public works, and geographical position. Her central situation, excellent climate, fertile and extensive territory ; her navigable rivers, magnificent internal improve- ments, and vast inland seas, together with the proximity of her chief city to the Ocean, all afford her the greatest advantages in agriculture, com- merce, and manufactures. What the hand of nature has withheld from New York, the genius of her Clintons and her Fultons has supplied : she is, in fact, an epitome of all configurations of surface, all varieties of land and river scenery, and all conditions of man, from the sumptuous patrician of Broadway, to the backwoodsman rearing his humble cabin amid the primeval forests of the west. NEW-YORK. 225 This State produces in great abundance all the staple commodities and luxuries common to the climate, the surplus of which, and large quantities from other States, find an easy access to the great mart of New York. The salt-springs of Onondaga Lake, at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, &c, produce a large revenue to the State ; and the mineral waters of Ballston and Saratoga give health to many and pleasure to all who visit them. This State carries on an extensive foreign commerce with all quarters of the world, for the most part through the city and port of New York. The number of vessels that arrived there in 1832, from foreign countries, was 1,810, of which 1,290 were American. The amount of imports, in the same year, amounted to $52,855,929, and the exports to 816,941,488, on which the duties that accrued to the General Government were $17,123,174 70 cts. : at the same time the number of passengers that arrived was 48,589. New York is the most northern of the middle States, and is bounded north by Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence river, and Lower Canada ; east by Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; south by the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania ; and west by Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and the Niagara river. Length, 316 miles; breadth, 304: containing about 47,000 square miles, or 31,080,000 acres. The principal rivers are the Hudson, St. Lawrence, Delaware, Susque- hanna, Alleghany, Genesee, Niagara, Oswego, and the Mohawk. A part of the lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, are in this State. The other principal lakes are Lake George, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Oswegatchie, Canandaigua, &c. The soil in the maritime part of the State is sandy, in the middle beauti- fully undulating, and in the western and southern division remarkably level, rich, and inclining to alluvial formation. In this State, there are 200 woollen manufactories; 112 cotton-mills, with a capital of $4,485,500, manufacturing 21,010,920 yards, valued at $3,530,250, and using 7,961,670 pounds of cotton annually, and employ- ing 15,970 persons; above 200 iron-works, making $4,000,000 worth ; 50 paper-mills, making $700,000 worth ; leather made to about the value of $3,458,000 ; and hats to the value of $3,500,000 ; &c. &c. ; per annum. The annual expenditure for common schools exceeds one million dollars. Nearly one-tenth of this sum is paid from a school fund, one-tenth by a tax on the towns, two-tenths by a tax on the property of the several school districts, and six-tenths are paid voluntarily by the parents and guardians of the scholars. The number of scholars in these schools, in 1833, between the ages of 5 and 15 years, was 508,878 ; and the proportion of the children that are known to be taught, to the whole population of the State, is more than one to four. In nine counties, more than one-third of the population are children at school during some part of the year. By an act of the State of New York, passed in 1829, every bank there- after to be chartered or renewed, was obliged to contribute one half per cent, per annum of its capital, in order to establish a safety fund, which should be placed in the hands of commissioners, to provide for the payment of the debts of any banks which should become insolvent. In 1833, there were 61 banks subject to this act, with a capital of $20,581,460. The capital of banks hot subject to the safety fund, was $8,100,000, including three branches of the United States' Bank. 226 GENERAL VIEW OF The steam-boats in this State, in 1833, were estimated at 82 in number, the principal part of which ran from the city of New York. One of them measured 518 tons burden. The most rapid boats have run between the two cities of New York and Albany in less than 10 hours. The mail is carried from New York to Quebec, (almost the whole distance, in steam- boats,) in 96 hours. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Population 53,560 Alleghany, .... 26,218 17,582 Cattaraugus, . . 16,726 47,947 Chatauque, .... 36,657 Chenango, .... 37,404 19,344 39,959 23,693 32,933 50,929 35,710 19,387 11,312 51,992 29,525 1,325 Herkimer, .... 35,869 48,515 20,537 14,958 Livingston, . . . 27,719 Madison, .... 39,037 49,862 Montgomery,. . 43,593 New York, .... 203,007 18,485 71,326 Onondaga, .... 58,974 40,167 Albany. Angelica. Binghampton. Ellicottsville. Auburn. Mayville. Norwich. Plattsburg. Hudson. Cortlandville. Delhi. Poughkeepsie. Buffalo. Elizabeth Town Malone. Batavia. Catskill. Wells. Herkimer. Watertown. Flatbush. Martinsburg. Geneseo. K Cazenovia, ) Morrisville. Rochester. Johnstown. New York. Lockport. Utica, • Rome, Whitesboro', Syracuse. Canandaigua. Orange, Orleans, Otsego, Putnam, Queens, Rensselaer, . . Richmond, . . . Rockland, Saratoga, St. Lawrence,. Schenectady, . Schoharie, . . . Seneca, Steuben, Suffolk, Sullivan, Tioga, Tompkins, . . . Ulster, Warren, Washington, Wayne, West Chester, Yates,.. Total.... 1,918,608 Population County Towns. 45,372 18,873 27,104 51,372 12,701 22,278 49,472 7,084 9,388 38,616 36,351 12,334 27,910 21,031 33,975 26,780 12,372 27,704 36,545 36,559 11,795 42,615 33,515 36,459 19,019 ^ Goshen, ( Newburgh. Albion. 5 Oswego, I Richland. Cooperstown. Carmel. NewHempstead Troy. Richmond. Clarkstown. Ballston. Potsdam. Schenectady. Schoharie. S Ovid, j Waterloo. Bath. Riverhead. Monticello. S Elmira, ) Owego. Ithaca. Kingston. Caldwell. S Salem, ) Sandy Hill. 5 Lyons, } Palmyra. Bedford. Penn Yan. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701,.. 1731,.. 1749,.. 1771,.. 1825,.. 30,000 50,395 100,000 163,338 1,616,458 In 1790,. 1800,. 1810,. 1820,. 1830,. 340,120 586,050 959,049 1,372,812 1,918,608 INCREASE. From 1790 to 1800, . .245,930 1800 to 1810,.. 372,999 1810 to 1820,.. 413,763 1820 to 1830,.. 545,896 SLAVES. [ 21,324 20.613 15,017 10,088 46 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 951,516; white Females, 916,670; deaf and dumb, 842; blind, 642; aliens, 52,488: total, 1,868,166. Free colored Males, 21,465; Fe- males, 23,404: total, 44,869. Slaves— Males, 12; Females, 34: total, 46. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS COMPLETED. Erie Canal. — This canal extends from Albany, on Hudson river, to Buffalo, on Lake Erie. Commenced July 4th, 1817 ; first navigated, from Utica to Rome, 15 miles, October 3d, 1819; tolls first received July 1st, NEW-YORK. 227 1820. Canal completed in 1825. Length, from Hudson river to Lake Erie, 363 miles ; width, at the surface of the water, 40 feet ; width, at the bottom, 28 feet ; depth of water, 4 iket. Number of locks, 84 ; rise and fall, 698 feet. Cost, $9,027,456 05cts. Tolls in 1831, $1,091,714 26cts. ; in 1832, $1,085,612 28 cts. Champlain Canal extends from Whitehall, on Lake Champlain, to Albany. Commenced, October, 1817 ; opened for navigation, November, 1819. Length, 72 miles ; width and depth the same as Erie canal. Num- ber of locks, 21 ; rise and fall, 188 feet. Cost, $1,179,871 95 cts. Tolls received in 1831, $102,896 23 cts. ; in 1832, $110,191 95 cts. Oswego Canal is a branch of the Erie, extending from Sal ina to Oswego, connecting Lake Ontario with the Erie canal. Length, 38 miles. One half of the distance is canal, the remainder slack-water navigation : 14 locks. Descent from Salina to Lake Ontario, 123 feet. Cost, $525,115 57 cts. Tolls in 1831, $16,271 10 cts. Cayuga and Seneca Canal, extending from Geneva, on Seneca lake, to Montezuma, on Erie canal, is one half canal and one half slack-water navi- gation. Length, 20 miles and 44 chains : 11 locks of wood. Descent from Seneca lake to Montezuma, 73i feet. Canal constructed in 1828. Cost, $214,000 31 cts. Tolls in 1830, $11,987 81 cts. ; in 1831, $12,920 39 cts. The four canals described above were constructed at the expense of the State, and still remain under the administration of the State government as public property. Aggregate length, including 8 miles of navigable feeders, 492 miles. Do. Cost -. $10,946,443 68 Do. Tolls in 1830, 1,056,799 67 Do. Tolls in 1831, 1,222,801 90 Chemung Canal, another work of the State, extends from the head waters of Seneca lake to the Chemung (or Tioga) river. Length, 18 miles, with a navigable feeder of 13 miles from Painted Post, on the Chemung river, to the summit-level, making in the whole 31 miles of canal naviga- tion. Amount appropriated by the Legislature, April, 1829, for the con- struction of this canal, $300,000. On the canal are 53 locks of wood, 6 culverts, 3 aqueducts, 70 bridges, 1 dam, and 1 guard-lock of stone. Completed in 1832. Crooked Lake Canal is to extend from Crooked Lake, near Pen Yan, to the outlet of Seneca Lake, about 7 miles. Lockage, 270 feet. Appro- priated by the Legislature for this canal, $120,000. Canal Debt. Erie and Champlain Canals, $7,001,035 86 Oswego Canal, 427,347 00 Cayuga and Seneca Canal, 237,000 00 Chemung Canal, 290,263 00 Crooked Lake Canal, 100,000 00 Total Canal Debt, $8,055,645 86 Canal Fund. Bonds for sales of Land, $21,538 46 Five per cent. State Stocks, 310,000 00 Loan to the city of Albany, 75,000 00 Deposits in banks for Canal Tolls collected, 1,833,229 41 Total Canal Fund, $2,240,050 87 228 GENERAL VIEW OF Canals designed to be constructed by the State. Chenango Canal, to extend from the Erie canal, in Oneida county, to Binghampton, in Broome county, on Susquehanna river. Length, 92f miles. Elevation from the Erie canal to the summit-level, 706 feet. Descent from thence to the Susquehanna river, 303 do. Total Lockage, 1,009 do. Estimated Cost, $944,775 36 Black River Canal, to extend from Rome to the High Falls on the Black river, 36 miles, with a navigable feeder of 9 miles at Boonville, and the improvement of 40 miles' river navigation from the High Falls to Carthage. Length of canal and river navigation, 76 miles. Rise and fall from Rome to the Black river, 1,078 feet. Estimated cost, $602,544 Canals constructed by private Companies. Delaware and Hudson Canal. — Company, incorporated April, 1823, for the purpose of constructing a canal and rail-road from the Hudson river to the Coal Mines in Luzerne county, Penn., with a capital of $1,500,000. The canal was commenced in July, 1825; completed in October, 1828. Length of the canal, from tide- water of the Hudson to Honesdale, Wayne county, Pennsylvania, 108 miles. Length of the rail-road, from Honesdale to the Coal Mines in Carbondale, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, 24 miles. The canal is from 32 to 36 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. Coal is the most important article transported upon this canal, of which 43,200 tons were brought down in 1830. Amount of tolls, in 1831, (exclusive of coal- boats,) $19,500. Haerlcm Canal. — Company incorporated April, 1826. Capital, 550,000 dollars. It is to extend from Hudson to East river, through Manhattan Island. Length, 3 miles, 60 feet wide, and from 6 to 7 deep. It is to be walled with stone on both sides, and to have a street on each side, 50 feet wide, its whole length, with a lock at each end to command the tide-water. The work is now in progress. Chittenango Canal. — Company incorporated in 1818. Length, 1\ miles. Extends from Chittenango Mill to the Erie Canal, with 4 locks. Sodus Canal. — Company incorporated in 1829. Capital, $200,000. Canal to extend from Seneca river to Great Sodus Bay, on Lake Ontario. The following Canal Companies have been incorporated, which have not yet commenced operations. Harlaem River, Owasco and Erie, Auburn and Owasco, New York and Sharon, Niagara, Jefferson County, Oswego, Greenville, Black River, and Long Island. KAIL-ROADS. Mohawk and Hudson Rail-Road. — Company incorporated in April, 1826. Capital, $300,000, with permission to increase it to $500,000. It extends from Albany to Schenectady, and affords communication between the tide-water of Hudson river and the Erie Canal. Length, about 16 miles. Double-track — one now completed, the other in progress — was commenced in August, 1830. Cost, from $600,000 to $700,000. Saratoga and Schenectady Rail-Road. — Company incorporated April, 1831. Capital, $150,000. This rail-road forms a continuation of the NEW YORK. 229 Mohawk and Hudson Rail-Road, from the city of Schenectady to the villages of Ballston Spa and Saratoga, and unites these places with the line of steam-navigation upon the Hudson. Length, 20 miles. Commenced in 1831 ; completed in 1832. Cost, from $230,000 to $250,000. Catskill and Canajoharie Rail-Road. — Company incorporated in 1830. Capital, $600,000. To extend from Catskill to Canajoharie : distance, 70 miles. The capital stock has been subscribed, and a part of the rail-road put under contract. Ithaca and Owego Rail-Road. — Company incorporated in 1828. Capi- tal, $150,000. To extend from the village of Ithaca, at the head of Cayuga lake, to the village of Owego, on the Susquehanna river : distance, 29 miles. Capital stock subscribed, route surveyed and determined, and work now in progress. Haerlem Rail-Road. — Company incorporated in April, 1831. Capital, $350,000. To extend from Twenty-third street, New York city, to Haer- lem. The work is now under contract. It is proposed to unite the con- templated rail-road from New York to Albany with a rail-road at the termination of the Fourth Avenue. Rochester Rail-Road. — Company incorporated in April, 1831, for the purpose of constructing a rail-road from Rochester to the head of navigation on Genesee river, below the falls, and opening a communication between the Erie canal at Rochester and Lake Ontario. Completed in 1832. Rail-Roads projected. New York and Erie Rail-Road — Company incorporated April 14th, 1832. Capital, $10,000,000. To extend from the city of New York, or from some point in its vicinity, and to continue through the southern tier of counties, through Owego in the county of Tioga, to the shore of Lake Erie, at some point between Cattaraugus creek and the Pennsylvania line. To be commenced within four years from the date of the act of incorpora- tion, one-fourth to be completed within 10 years, one T half within 15 years, and the whole to be completed within 20 years, under penalty of forfeiture of the charter. New York and Albany Rail-Road. — Company incorporated April 17th, 1832. Capital, $3,000,000. This rail-road is to commence at New York city, opposite where the Fourth Avenue terminates, and running through the counties of Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, Columbia, and Rensselaer, to end on the Hudson, opposite Albany. Power is also granted to the company to extend the rail-road to Troy, and to construct lateral rail-roads to the eastern limits of the counties above mentioned, to connect with any that may be made hereafter from Massachusetts or Connecticut. It is to be completed within ten years, under penalty of forfeiture of the charter. Troy Turnpike and Rail-Road. — Company incorporated in 1831, to construct a turnpike or rail-road from Troy to Bennington, Vermont. The necessary surveys have been made, and the stock subscribed. In addition to the above, the following Rail-Road Companies were incor- porated at the session of the Legislature in 1832 : Names. Capital. Lake Champlain and Ogdensburgh, $3,000,000 Watertown and Rome, 1,000,000 Utica and Susquehanna, (from Utica to the New York and Erie Rail-Road, 1,000,000 U 230 GENERAL VIEW OF Name. Capital. Black River, (from the Erie Canal at Rome or Herkimer, to the St. Law- rence,) •. $900,000 Ithaca and Geneva, 800,000 Buffalo and Erie, 650,000 Dutchess, (from Poughkeepsie to Connecticut line,) 600,000 Tonawanda, (from Rochester to Utica,) 500,000 Hudson and Berkshire, (from Hudson to Massachusetts line,) 350,000 Schoharie and Otsego, (from the Catskill and Canajoharie Rail-Road to the Susquehanna river,) 300,000 Danville and Rochester, 3t)0,000 Aurora and Buffalo, 300,000 Rensselaer and Saratoga, 300,000 Brooklyn and Jamaica, 300,000 Fish-house and Amsterdam, 250,000 Warren county, (from Glen's Falls to Caldwell,) 250,000 Saratoga and Fort Edward, 200,000 Otsego, (from Cooperstown to Collierville,) 200,000 Albion and Tonawanda, 200,000 Auburn and Erie Canal, 150,000 Mayville and Portland, 150,000 Great au Sable, (to Port Kent and Peru,) 150,000 Saratoga and Schuylerville, 100,000 Elvira and Williamsport, 75,000 PB.Z2f CIF.&L STAGE ROUTES. 1. From New York to Philadelphia, via Trenton. To Jersey City, N.J. Newark, Elizabethtown, . . Rahway, New Brunswick, . Kingston, Princeton, TRENTON,.... Morrisville, Pa. . . Tullytown, Bristol, Andalusia, Holmesburg, .... Frankfort, Philadelphia, .... 2. From New York to Philadelphia, via Neio Hope. Elizabethtown, N.J. Westfield, ... . Scotch Plains, . . . Plainfield, Bound Brook, . . . Somerville, Centreville, Flemington, Ringoes, Lambertsville, . . . New Hope, Pa. . . Hartsville, Hatboro', Willow Grove,. .. Miles 1 9 5 5 12 13 3 11 1 6 4 6 4 4 5 Jenkintown, Philadelphia, .... 3. From New York to Albany: east side of Hudson river. \ To Yonkers, .... Dobbs' Ferry, . . . Sing-sing, Peekskill, Fishkill Poughkeepsie, . . . Hyde Park, Staatsburg, Rhinebeck, Red Hook, Clermont, Livingston, Hudson, Columbiaville, . . . Kinderhook, . . . Schodack Centre, Greenbush, ALBANY, 4. From New York to Albany : west side of the Hud- son river. ToHoboken,N.J. Hackensack, • New Prospect,. . . jRamapo, N. Y. j Monroe Works,. . jMonroe, \ 96 106 21 31 43 63 76 83 88 94 100 108 113 122 127 134 144 150 151 Chester, . * Goshen, Montgomery, . . , Shawangunk, ■ . . Newpaltz, , Kingston, Saugerties, Maiden, Catskill, Athens, Coxsackie, New Baltimore, . Coeymans, ALBANY, .... 5. From New York to Easthampton, L.I. To Brooklyn,.... Jamaica, Hempstead, Babylon, Islip, Patchoque, Fireplace, Southampton, . . . Sag Harbor, Easthampton, . . . 6. From New York to Oyster Ponds, L.I. To Brooklyn, Jamaica, North Hempstead, Jericho, 6 4 10 9 12 17 12 2 10 5 6 7 3 12 53 51 67 76 88 105 117 119 129 134 140 147 150 162 12 21 39 46 59 66 69 107 114 12 23 27 NEW YORK. 231 Dix Hills,.... Smithtown, . . Coram, Riverhead, . . . Auquebogue, . Mattituck, . . . Southold, .... Oyster Ponds, 7. From New York to Geneva. To Jersey City, N.J. Newark, Orange, Livingston, Hanover Neck, . . Hanover, Morristown, Suckasunny, .... Stanhope, Andover, Newton, Augusta, Branchville, Sandiston, Montague, ...... Milford, Pa Tafton,.... Clarkstown, Dundaff, Lenox, Hartford, Montrose, Friendsville, Warrenham, .... Owego, N.Y. Candor, Danby, t . . Ithaca, TrumansbuL-g, . . . Covert, Lodi, Ovid, Romulus, Fayette, Geneva, 8. From New York to Flushing, To Williamsburg, Newton, . . . Flushing, . . 9. From New York to Litchfield, Ct. To Haerlem, . West Farms, . East Chester, . White Plains, North Castle,. Bedford, South Salem, . Ridgefield, . . . 13 40 6 46 10 56 18 74 5 79 5 84 8 92 11 103 1 9 10 4 14 6 20 2 22 2 24 7 31 10 41 4 45 6 51 6 57 6 63 2 65 6 71 5 76 3 79 24 103 15 118 10 128 7 135 6 141 9 150 10 160 11 171 8 179 10 189 12 201 9 210 11 221 3 224 9 233 4 237 5 242 10 252 3 255 2 5 7 4 11 8 4 12 4 16 11 27 8 35 9 44 5 49 6 55 Danbury, Ct. Litchfield, . . 10. From New York to Easton, Pa. To Jersey City, N.J. Newark, Camptown, Springfield, Chatham, Morristown, Mendham, Chester, Washington, .... Schooley's Mount'n, Andersontovvn, . . Mansfield, New Village, Easton, 11. From Albany to Buffalo, via Utica. To Schenectady,. . Amsterdam, Caughnawaga,. . . Palatine Bridge, . Little Falls, ..... Herkimer, . . Utica, Vernon, ........ Oneida, Lenox, Sullivan, Manlius, Jamesville, Onondaga, Marcellus, Skaneateles, Auburn, Cayuga, Seneca Falls, .... Waterloo, Geneva, Canandaigua, . . . East Bloomfield, . WestBloomfield,. Lima, East Avon, Avon, Caledonia, Le Roy, Batavia, Pembroke, Clarence, Williamsville, . . . Buffalo, 12. From Albany to Buffalo, via Cherry Valley. To Guilderland, . . 10 15 15 30 10 40 12 52 21 73 7 80 16 96 17 113 5 118 7 125 5 130 6 136 5 141 7 148 156 162 169 178 181 185 192 208 217 222 226 231 233 241 247 258 272 280 288 298 Duanesburg, ... Esperance, Carlisle, Sharon, Cherry Valley, . . . Springfield, Warren, Ritchfield, Winfield, Bridgewater, .... Sangerfield, Madison, Morrisville, Nelson, Cazenovia, Manlius, Fayetteville, Orville, Syracuse, Geddes, Camillus, Wellington, Elbridge, Brutus, Auburn, .... Buffaloes in No.l 1 13. From Albany to Lewiston, via Rochester. To Elbridge, as in No. 12, Weed's Port, Port Byron, Montezuma, Lyons, Newark, Palmyra, Macedonia, Pittsford, Brighton, Rochester, Greece, Parma, Clarkson, Murray, Gaines, Oak Orchard, . . . Ridgeway, Hartland, New Fane, Lockport, Cambria, Lewiston, 14. From Albany to White Hall, via Sandy Hill. To Troy, Lansingburg, .... Waterford Mechanicsville, . . Stillwater, 12 5 10 4 12 6 3 7 5 6 6 5 7 7 5 3 5 2 6 3 5 4 3 129 148 4 3 4 19 7 6 5 12 2 3 7 5 8 8 9 6 3 10 5 1 6 14 232 Schny lersville, . . . Northumberland, Fort Miller, Fort Edward, . . Sandy Hill, .... Kingsbury, .... Fort Ann, White Hall, .... 15. From Albany to White Hall via Argyle. To Troy, Lansingburg, .... Schatecoke, Easton, Greenwich, Argyle, Hartford, Granville, ....... White Hall, GENERAL VIEW OF 16. From Albany to Burlington, Vt, To Troy, Lansingburg, .... Cambridge, Salem, Hebron, Granville, Poulteney, Vt. . . . Castleton, Hubbard stown, . . Sudbury, Whiting, Cornwall, Middlebury, Vergennes, Charlotte, Shelburn, Burlington, 17. From Albany to Colliersville. ToGuilderland,.. Knox, Gallupville, Cobleskill, .... Richmondville, Worcester, .... Maryland, .... Colliersville, . . . 18. From Albany to Saratoga Springs. To Troy, Lansingburg, .... Waterford, Half Moon, Ballston, Saratoga Springs, 19. FromNewlurg 14 34 2 36 3 39 8 47 3 50 5 55 3 58 14 72 6 3 9 7 16 10 26 9 35 11 46 10 56 7 63 9 72 6 3 9 25 34 12 46 7 53 11 64 10 74 6 80 6 86 5 91 6 97 6 103 5 108 11 119 11 130 4 134 7 141 9 12 21 7 28 17 45 5 50 9 59 7 66 7 73 6 3 9 1 10 8 18 11 29 7 36 to Owego. To Montgomery,. Bullville, Bloom ingsburg, . . Wurtsboro', Monticello, Bethel, Damascus, Pa.. . . Pleasant Mount, . Great Bend, Binghampton,N.Y. Owego, 20. From Owego to Olean. To Athens, Pa. . . Chemung, Elmira, Painted Post, .... Campbelitown, . . . Bath, Kennedayville, . . Hornellsville, .... Almond, Angelica, Friendship, Cuba, Hinsdale, Olean, 21. From Elmira to Canandaigua. To Horse Head,. . Havanna, Rock Stream, . . Starkey, , Milo, Penn Yan, , Gorham, Canandaigua, . . , 22. From Canan daigua to Roches- ter. To Victor, Mendon, Pittsford, Brighton, Rochester, 23. From Utica to Sacketfs Harbor To Trenton, . . . Remsen, Booneville, , Leyden, Turin, Martinsburgh, . . Lowville, Denmark, Champion, Rutland, Watertown, .... 23 26 29 41 53 63 82 105 120 142 33 44 56 69 78 82 95 99 115 125 133 141 148 Brownsville, .... Sackett's Harbor, 24. From Utica to Ogdensburg. To Denmark, as in No. 23, Carthage, Wilna, Antwerp, Rossie, Hammond, Morristown, Ogdensburg, .... 25. From Roches- ter to Portland Harbor. To Scottsville, . . . Caledonia, Fowlersville, .... York, Moscow, Perry, Castle, Pike, Centreville, Farmersville, .... Franklin, Ellicottsville, .... Little Valley, Napoli, Randolph, Waterboro', Jamestown, Ellery Mayville, Westfield, . # Portland Harbor,. 26. From Bath to Rochester. To Conhocton,, Dansville, Sparta, Groveland, .... Geneseo, Avon, Rush, Henrietta, .... Rochester, 27. From Catskill to Canajoharie. To Cairo, Freehold, Oak Hill, Livingstonville,. Middleburg,. . . . Schoharie, Sloansville, Charleston, .... Canajoharie, . . . CI G 6 13 12 6 10 10 11 9 6 3 7 8 5 9 7 10 5 12 7 8 '5 5 12 11 11 6 2 16 11 4 9 5 5 7 12 NEW YORK. 233 28. From Utica to Pleasant Mount, Pa. To New Hartford, Paris, Sangerfleld, Madison, Hamilton, Sherburne, North Norwich, . Norwich, Oxford, Green, Chenango Forks, . Binghampton, . . . Great Bend, Pa.. . Pleasant Mount, . 29. From Johns- town to Bain- bridge. To Fort Plain,... Springfield, Cooperstown, Milford, Portlandville, Colliersville, Milfordville, Huntsville, Unadilla, Bainbridge, 30. From Saratoga Springs to Caugh nawaga. To Ballston, Milton, Galway, Broad Albin, .... Johnstown, , Caughnawaga, . . . 31. From Auburn to Oswego. To Weedsport, Cato, Ira, Hannibal, Oswego, 32. From Little Falls to Trenton. To Eatonville, . . . Fairfield, Middleville, Newport, Poland, Russia, Trenton, 33. FromCoopers town to Oxford. To Burlington, . . 11 9 15 21 28 39 43 51 59 73 81 92 107 130 Garretsville, .... New Lisbon, . . . Butternuts, Gilbertsville, . . . Mount Upton, . . Guilford, Oxford, 34. From Rome to Oswego. To Taberg, Camden, Williamstown, . . . Union Square, . . . Mexico, New Haven, Scriba, Oswego, 35. From Fulton to Rochester. To Hannibal,.. Sterling, Wolcot, Port Bay, Williamson,. . . Ontario, Penfield, Rochester, .... 36. From Kingston to Milford, Pa. To Marbletown, Wawarsing, . . . Wurtsboro', .... Port Jervis, .... Milford, Pa 37. From Auburn to Ithaca. To Flemming,. Sherwood's Corn'r Ludlowville, . . Ithaca, 38. From Angelica to Clarkson. To Belfast, Caneadea, Hume, Pike, Gainesville, . . Warsaw, .... Le Roy, Bergen, Brockport, . . . Clarkson, .... 39. From Catskill to Ithaca. To Cairo, Durham, Stamford, Hobart, . . Kortright, Delhi, .... Meredith,. Franklin, . Sidney,. . . Unadilla, . Guilford, . Oxford, .. Greene, . . Triangle, . Lisle, . . . Richford, . Caroline, . Ithaca, . . . 40. From Sandy Hill to Rouse's Point. To Glenn's Falls, Caldwell, Chestertown, .... Schroon, Elizabethtown,. . . Lewis, Keeseville, Peru, Plattsburgh, .... Beekmantown, . . Chazy, Champlain, .... Rouse's Point, . . . 41. From Saratoga Springs to Ben- nington. To Schuylersville, Greenwich, . . . Cambridge, . . . White Creek,.. Bennington, Vt 42. From Platts- burgh to Og dens- burg. To Chateaugay, Malone, Bangor, Dickenson, . . . Hopkinton, . . . Parishville,. . . . Pottsdam, Canton, Ogdensburg, . . 43. From Sackctfs Harbor to Og- densburgh. To Watertown, . . Le Raysville, .... Philadelphia, .... Antwerp, Gouvernenr, 3 9 18 12 28 10 10 7 9 5 9 10 6 9 6 11 234 GENERAL VIEW OF De Kalb, Heuvel, Ogdensburg, . 44. From Hudson, N. Y. toBennington To Claverack, . . G.Barrington,Mas Stockbridge, . Lenox, Pittsfield, Lanesburg, . . Cheshire, ..... Adams, Williamstown, Pownal, Bennington, . . . 45. From Buffalo to Younsstown. To Black Rock,. . Tonnewant'a, .... Niagara Falls, . . . Levyiston, Youngstown,. . . . 46. From Utica to Ithaca. To New Hartford, Clinton, Marshall, Waterville, Madison, Eaton, New Woodstock,. De Ruytcr, Truxton, . Homer, Cortland, . Dryden, . . Ithaca, . . . 47. From Peeks- hill to Ridgejield, Ct. To Yorktown, Somers, Salem Centre, North Salem, . Ridgefield, Ct. 48. From Canan- daigna to Buffalo Bristol, Aliens' Hill, Livonia, Geneseo, Moscow, Perry, Warsaw, Orangeville, Sheldon, Wales, Willink, Hamburgh, Buffalo, 49. From Olean to Buffalo. To Chappelsburg 8 52 9 61 10 71 1 72 11 83 11 94 7 7 14 6 20 3 23 4 27 11 4 15 5 20 9 29 5 34 7 41 9 50 6 56 8 64 6 70 8 78 11 89 7 96 12 Ellicottsville, . . Ashford, Springville, . . . Boston, Hamburg, .... Buffalo, 50. From Buffalo to Erie, Pa. To Hamburg, . . . Evans, Kensington, Fredonia, Westfield, Portland, Ripley, Burgettstown, Pa Erie, . , 51. From Ogdens- burg to Montreal. To Canton, Madrid, Norfolk, Massena, Hogansburg, . . . Fort Covington, . . Montreal, 52. From Albany to Niagara Falls. To Batavia, as in No. 11, Lockport, Niagara Falls, . . . 15 12 2.58 30 2] 12 20 14 34 8 42 14 56 1 57 9 66 8 74 16 90 18 15 33 9 42 6 48 12 60 8 68 60 128 309 NEW JERSEY. The early settlements and history of this State, present a scene of more variety and vicissitude than that of any of her sister colonies. The first settlement was nearly cotemporary with that of New York, and was made by the same people, the Dutch, who, in conjunction with some Dane.s, in 1624, established themselves at Bergen, which they so named after a town in Norway. Shortly afterward, colonies were established on the river Dela- ware by the Swedes and Fins, and after the lapse of a few years in the same neighborhood by the English. After various changes of govern- ment, it was, in 1676, divided into the provinces of East and West Jersey ; one was placed under the royal authority, and the other attached to the government of New York. In 1682, East Jersey was transferred to Wm. Penn and his associates. In 1702, both provinces were united under the government of New York : this continued until 1738, when, greatly to the advantage of the people, and the establishment of peace and good order, the colony was taken un- der the immediate control of the crown, and so continued until the abolition of the royal authority by the revolution. Wm. Temple Franklin, a son of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin, was the last of the royal governors. In the revolutionary struggle, and in the incipient resistance to the oppres- sive measures of the mother country, New Jersey bore her full share, and NEW JERSEY. 235 in the hardships of an eight years' war, no member of the confederacy, it is probable, suffered so much. Her devotion to the cause of freedom is fully recorded in the date of her constitution, July 2d, 1776, two days be- fore the Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress. This State is bounded N. by New York, E. by the Atlantic Ocean and New York, S. by Delaware Bay, and W. by Pennsylvania. It is 138 miles in length, and 50 miles in breadth ; the area is about 660 square miles, or 4,224,000 acres. The soil of this State is not naturally well adapted to agricultural pursuits, much of the land being either sandy or marshy ; yet its proximity to two of the largest markets in the United States, and the industry of the inhabit- ants, have rendered it exceedingly productive of all sorts of fruits and vegeta- bles common to the climate, together with grain and meats of various kinds. New Jersey is intersected by many navigable rivers, and has numerous streams for mills, iron works, and every species of manufactures requiring water-power. The principal of these streams are the Raritan, Hackensack, Passaic, Salem, Tom, Cohanzey, and Maurice rivers.. The internal communications are generally good. The great thorough- fare between the northern and southern states passes through New Jersey, and the advantages which the State enjoys, as it regards distance and facili- ties in transporting goods to market, are not exceeded by those of any equally extended district of the country. In addition to the natural advan- tages of water communication, the State enjoys the benefit of many inter- nal improvements. The manufactures are extensive and flourishing. They are chiefly of iron, cotton, woollen, paper, leather, carriages, shoes, &c. One of the most flourishing manufacturing towns in the United States is Paterson, in this State ; it is situated just below the romantic falls of the Passaic, which supplies water-power to any extent. The numerous estab- lishments have created a very considerable town, containing about 800 houses, including 76 stores, nine churches, a bank, &c. The articles manu- factured here, annually amount in value to about $2,600,000 ; the raw materials of cotton, flax, and wool employed, amounted in 1832 to about four million pound weight, four-fifths of which was cotton. There is like- wise machinery of various kinds ; paper, buttons, &c. are produced to a considerable extent. The system of common school instruction has hith- erto been defective, but in consequence of the recent efforts of the friends of education, measures have been commenced which promise cheering re- sults. The State possesses a school fund, which commenced in 1816. The income from it, which is about $22,000, is annually distributed in small sums to such towns as raise an equal amount for the support of schools. Academies and private schools are numerous and excellent. There are in the State two Colleges ; Nassau Hall is at Princeton. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Bergen, .... Burlington, . Cape May, . . Cumberland, Essex, Gloucester, . Hunterdon, . Popula- tion. 22,412 31,107 4,936 14,093 41,911 28,431 31,060 County Towns. Hackensack. Mount Holly. Middletown. Bridgetown. Newark. Woodbury. S TRENTON, } Flcminfrtnn. Counties. Middlesex, . Monmouth, Morris, Salem, Somerset, . , Sussex, Warren, . , , Totnl, . Popula- tion. 23,157 29,233 23,666 14,155 17,689 20,346 1 8,627 320,8231 County Towns. N. Brunswick' Freehold. Morristown. Salem. Somerville. Newton, Belvidere, 236 GENERAL VIEW OF POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. East and West Jersey, in 1701, 15,000; in 1749, 60,000. In 1790, 184,133. 1800, 211,149 1810 245,562 1820, 277,575 1830, 320,823 From 1790 to 1800, 27,010 1800 to 1810, 34,413 1810 to 1820, 32,013 1820 to 1830, 43,248 SLAVES. 11,423 12,422 10,851 7,557 2,254 Of the foregoing population of 1830, there Were, white Males, 152,529; white Females, 147,737; deaf and dumb, 207 ; blind, 205 ; aliens, 3,365. Total whites, 300,266.— Free colored, 18,303; Slaves, 225. Total coloured, 20,557. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Morris Canal. — This canal was commenced in 1825, and extends from Jersey City, on Hudson river, across the State of New Jersey to Delaware river, opposite Easton, Pennsylvania, where it connects with the Lehigh canal. It is 101 miles in length, from thirty to thirty-two feet wide at the surface of the water, from sixteen to eighteen at the bottom, and four deep. Rise and fall 1,657, of which 223 feet are overcome by twenty-four locks, and the remaining 1,334 feet by twenty-three inclined planes. There are, also, connected with this canal, four guard-locks, five dams, thirty culverts, twelve aqueducts, and more than 200 bridges. The water for this canal is supplied from Hopatcong Lake, situated 900 feet above tide-water. Cost, as estimated, somewhat more than 81,100,000. Delaware and Raritan Canal, extending from Bordentown on Delaware river to New Brunswick on the Raritan, is 42 miles in length, with 116 feet lockage, overcome by 14 locks. The locks are 110 feet in length by 24 in width — vessels of large burthen may consequently pass through this canal, and its advantages to the coasting trade of the country will be great, as, in connexion with the Chesapeake and Delaware, and Dismal Swamp canals, it furnishes a continuous internal water communication between New York city and Albemarle Sound. The water to supply this work is conducted by a navigable feeder 50 feet wide and 5 feet deep, extending from Bull's Island in the Delaware, to its junction with the main canal at Trenton, 23 miles. Whole cost of the canal, feeder, &c is estimated at about $2,000,000. Manasqaan River and Barnegat Bay Canal Company, was authorized under the act of 21st February, 1833, with a capital of $5000, to make a canal 40 feet wide, and 5 deep, from the mouth of the Manasquan river to the head waters at Layton's pond or ditch, in Monmouth county. A short canal of about 4 miles in length, in Upper and Lower Penn's Neck township, Salem county, connects the Salem creek with the Delaware river, and saves to sloops that ply in the creek, from 15 to 20 miles of the distance to Philadelphia. RAIL-ROADS. Camden and Amboy Rail-road. — Company incorporated in 1829. It commences at Camden, opposite to Philadelphia, and terminates at Amboy. The distance from Camden to Amboy, in a direct line, is 60 miles ; by the rail-road, 61 miles. This rail-road, being designed for steam locomotive engines, is to be eventually constructed in the most substantial manner ; but, at present, wooden rails are used for most of the line, in order that NEW JERSEY. 237 the embankment may be consolidated, before laying the permanent track. It is intended for a double track. Estimated cost of a single track, $8,000 a mile. This enterprise has been undertaken by the Camden and Amboy Rail-road Company, united in pursuance of an act of the Legislature with the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company. To be completed during the present year. Upon this road, so far as finished, passengers and merchan- dise have been carried since February, 1833. Paterson and Hudson Rail-road Company, incorporated in January, 1831. Capital, $250,000, with liberty to increase it to $500,000. It ex- tends from Paterson to Jersey City, on the Hudson river, opposite to New York. Length, 14 miles, 5 of which were in August, 1832, com- pleted and in use. Total estimated cost, including the machinery for in- clined planes, -$294,285. Elizabetlitown and Somerville Rail-road is to extend from Elizabeth- town to Somerville. Company incorporated at the session of the Legisla- ture, 1830. Capital 200,000 dollars, with liberty to increase it to 400,000 dollars. West Jersey Rail-road. Company incorporated at the same session with the above. Capital $500,000, with liberty to increase it to $2,000,000. To extend from the Delaware river in the county of Gloucester, or from some point on the Camden and Amboy Rail-road, to the township of Penn's Neck, on the same river, in the county of Salem. New Jersey Rail-road was incorporated in 1832. Capital, 750,000 dollars. This rail -road is to extend from New-Brunswick through Rahway, Woodbridge, Elizabethtown, and Newark, to Hudson river. Stock sub- scribed. A Company has also been incorporated for constructing a Rail-road con- necting the Morris Canal with Paterson and Hudson river Rail-road. Paterson and Fort Lee Rail-road Company, incorporated by act of 8th March, 1832, has authority to employ a capital of $200,000, in making a road from the town of Paterson to Fort Lee, on the Hudson river, not fur- ther than 50 feet from high-water mark ; to be commenced within one year from the 4th July, 1832, and completed within six years from that time, under penalty of forfeiture of the charter. New Jersey, Hudson, and Delaware Rail-road Company, was incor- porated by an act of 8th March, 1832, with a capital stock of $1,000,000, and authority to increase it to $2,000,000, to be employed m making a rail-road and public highway, commencing at any point on the Delaware river, between the New York state line and the mouth of Paulin's Kill, and thence to the Hudson river, opposite the city of New York ; or to join any rail-road chartered or to be chartered, leading to or terminating at the Hud- son river, opposite the city of New York. Delaware and Jobstown Rail or Macadamized Road Company, was incorporated under the act of 11th February, 1833, with a capital of" $60,000, and liberty to increase it to $200,000, for the purpose of making a public road from the mouth of Craft's Creek, upon the Delaware river, by the villages of Columbus, Jobstown, and Juliustown to New Lisbon, a dis- tance of 13 miles ; the road to be commenced within ten years from the passage of the act, on penalty of forfeiture of the charter. 238 GENERAL VIEW OF FRINCIPAL STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Philadel. phia to Cape May. To Camden, N.J. Woodbury, Carpenter's land'g Glassboro', Malaga, Millvflle, Port Elizabeth, . . Dennis' Creek,. . . Goshen, Cold Spring, .... Cape Island, .... 2. From Philadel- phia to L. Branch, N.J. To Camden, N.J. Moorestown, .... Mount Holly, .... Jobstown, Prospertown, .... Freehold, or Mon mouth, Colts Neck, Tinton Falls, Eatonton, Long Branch, . . . L. Branch Beach, 3. From Philadel- phia to Greenwich, N.J. To Camden, N.J. Woodbury, Clarksboro', Swedesboro', .... Sharptovvn, Salem, . Hancock, Greenwich, 4. From Philadel- phia to Bridgetown N.J. To Camden, N.J Woodbury, Carpenter's land'g Mullica Hill, Deerfield, Miles 1 8 3 7 9 12 6 13 4 12 3 Bridgetown, 6 5. From Philadel- phia to Absecum, N.J. To Camden, N. J. Haddonfield, .... Longacoming, . . . May's Landing,. . Somers Point, . . . 1 6 9 26 12 Bargaintovvn, Smith's Landing, Absecum, 6. From Philadel- phia to Tuckerton, N.J. To Camden, N.J. Haddonfield, .... Longacoming, . . . Atsion, Tuckerton, '. From Easton, Pa., to Newburg, N. Y. To Harmony, N.J. Belvidere, Hope, Johnsonburg,. . . . Newton, Fayette, Monroe, Hamburg, Vernon, NewMilford.N.Y. Warwick, Florida, Goshen, Hamptonburg, . . . Blooming Grove,. New Windsor,. . . Newburg, From Neioark to Deckertown. ToBellville, Acquackanonck, . Paterson, Pompton, Newfoundland, . . Stockholm, Hamburg, Deckertown, .... 9. From New York to Neicton, N.J. To Newark, .... Morristown, .... Denville, Rockaway, Dover, Sparta, Newton, ....... 10. From New Brunswick to Eas- ton, Pa. To Bound Brook, Somerville, 58 64 70 11 11. From Trenton to Newton. To Pennington,. . Woodville, Ringoes, Flemington, Clinton, New Hampton, . . Mansfield, Belvidere, Newton, as in No. 7 12. From Trenton to Camden. To Bordentown, Columbus, . . Jacksonville, Mount Holly, Moorestown, Camden,. . . . White House, Lebanon, Clinton, Perryville, . . . Bloom sburg, . Stillwater, . . . Easton, 13. FromNew York to Dover, N.J. To Newark, N. J. Bloomfield, .... Caldwell, Parcipany, Denville, Rockaway, Dover, 14. From Mullica Hill to Greenwich. To Woodstown, . . Alio way town, . . . Roadstown, Greenwich, 15. From Salem to Dividing Creek. Quintin's Bridge, Allowaytown, . . . Roadstown, ..... Bridgetown, Fairtown, Cedarville, ....*-, Newport, , Dividing Creek,. . 16. From Eliza bethtown to Easton Pa. To Springfield, PENNSYLVANIA. 239 Morristown, . . Chester, Schooley's Mt Mansfield, . . . New Village, . Easton, 17. From Newark to Lambertsville. To Elizabethtown Rahway, Matouchin, Brunswick, Lambertsville, as in No. 20, . . . 18. From Camden to Pemberton. To Evesham,. . . . Medford, Vincent Town, . . Pemberton, 19. From Hoboken to Monroe Works. To Hackensack, . . New Prospect, . . . Ramapo, N. Y. Monroe Works,. . 20. From New Brunswick to Lambertsville. I To Rocky Hill, . . I Hopewell, Woodvilie, Lambertsville, . , • For the distances from Trenton to Newark, see No. 10, N.Y. From Newark to Easton, Pa., see No. 1, N.Y. From Elizabeth T. to Flemington, see No. 2, N.Y, PENNSYLVANIA. No one of the colonies settled by Europeans, made such rapid advances in population and prosperity as Pennsylvania. The philanthropy and wis- dom of its founder, the fertility of its soil, the healthfulness of its climate, the pacific disposition of the natives, and the lessons of experience derived from the settlement of other colonies in earlier days, and under more rigor- ous skies, all conspired to render this colony the most prosperous of any of which history gives an account. The founder of this great State was William Penn, the immortal asserter of toleration — a doctrine in his time unknown. He was the son of Sir William Penn, an admiral in the British jnavy. He united himself with the society of Friends, then a persecuted sect in England. For services rendered by his father, Charles II. in 1681 tendered him a tract of land in the western world, and called it Pennsyl- vania. Penn, with about 2,000 followers, left England, and arrived at New Castle, on the Delaware, in 1682 ; and proceeding up the river, laid out Philadelphia according to a plan which had been prepared by him in England. He returned shortly afterwards to his native country, where he died in 1718, aged 74 years. From the beginning of the 18th century, till the commencement of the revolution, the government was generally administered by deputies adopted by the proprietors who mostly resided in England. This State acted a conspicuous part in the war of the revolution. It was in her capital that declaration was made which, in a measure, changed the history of the world, and provided a vantage-ground on which the claims of human rights could be sustained. In 1776, a Constitution was formed, which was superseded by a second, adopted in 1790. Since the latter period, the course of Pennsylvania has been generally clear, serene, and brilliant. Pennsylvania is the greatest manufacturing State in the Union ; and Philadelphia takes the like rank among our manufacturing cities. Among the various branches for which this place is celebrated, paper, printing, and publishing are important items. A great number of gazettes, and many critical, scientific, and other periodical publications, are issued. In 1832, there were 67 cotton manufactories in the State, with an ag- gregate capital of $3,758,500, and making annually 21,332,467 yards of 240 GENERAL VIEW OF cloth. In iron manufactures, Pennsylvania excels any other State in the Union. Iron ore is very widely disseminated, and as greatly diversified in quality and richness. The iron mines in the eastern part of the State were explored and worked at an early period of colonial settlement, and had become an interest of great value before the revolution. Since the peace of 1783, with much fluctuation, iron has at all times employed a vast amount of capital and labor. The total value of manufactures, including about 250 different articles, is estimated at $70,000,000. The foundation of the wealth and improvement of this prosperous State, is deeply laid in her fertility of soil, her iron mines, her vast coal stratas, and the industry of her population. Belonging to the state is the magnifi- cent system of internal improvements, entitled the Pennsylvania State Ca- nals and Rail-roads ; besides many works of the same kind, the property of joint stock companies. This State is bounded on the north by New York and Lake Erie ; east by New Jersey ; south-east by Delaware ; south by Maryland and Vir- ginia, and west by part of Virginia and Ohio. Its greatest length, from east to west, is 307 miles, and its breadth 157 ; area 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. The principal rivers are the Delaware, Schuylkill, Lehigh, Susquehanna, Juniatta, Alleghany, Monongahela, and Ohio. The various ridges of the Alleghany range intersect the central parts of this State, whose general direction is from south-west to north-east. The valleys between many of these ridges are often of a rich black soil, suited well to the various kinds of grass and gram. Some of the mountains admit of cultivation almost to their summits. No State in the Union shows to the passing traveller a richer agricul- ture than this. It is emphatically a grain country, raising the greatest abundance of fine wheat. It produces all the fruits and productions of the northern and middle states, and is particularly famous for the great size, strength, and excellence of its breed of draught horses. This State spreads a wide surface in the Ohio valley, and is rapidly ad- vancing in wealth and population. New towns and villages are springing up in every direction. It abounds in all the elements of wealth and power. Public opinion has given it a strong impulse towards manufactures, and a gigantic system of internal improvements. Its inhabitants, though com- posed of all nations, are distinguished for their habits of order, industry, and frugality. The passing stranger, as he traverses the State, is struck with the noble roads and public works, with the well cultivated fanns, and their commodious and imperishable stone houses, and often still larger stone barns. An agricultural country alike charming and rich spreads under his eye. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Population County Towns. Counties. Population County Towns. 21,3711 Gettysburg. 19,746 Towanda. Alleghany, .... 50,552 Pittsburg. 45,745 ^ Doylestown, ) Bristol. Armstrong, . . . 17,701 Kittaning. 24,183-Beaver. 14,581 Butler. Bedford, 24,502 Bedford. 7,076 Ebensburg. 53,152 Reading. 18,879 Bellefonte. PENNSYLVANIA. 241 Chester, .... Clearfield, . . . Columbia, . . . Crawford, . . . Cumberland, Dauphin, . . . Delaware, . . Erie, Fayette, .... Franklin, . . . Greene, Huntingdon, Indiana, .... Jefferson, . . . Lancaster, . . Lebanon, . . . Lehigh, Luzerne,. . . . Lycoming, . . , McKean, . . . Mercer, 50,910 4,803 20,059 16,030 29,226 25,243 17,323 17,041 29,172 35,037 18,028 27,145 14,252 2,025 76,631 20,557 22,256 27,379 17,636 1,436 19,729 West Chester. Clearfield. Danville. Meadville. Carlisle. HARRISBURa. Chester. Erie. Uniontown. Chambersburg. Waynesburg. Huntingdon. Indiana. Brookville. Lancaster. Lebanon. Allentown. Wilkesbarre. Williamsport. Smethport. Mercer. Mifflin, Montgomery, . . Northampton, . Northumberl'nd Perry, Philadelphia, . . Pike, Potter, Schuylkill, .... Somerset, Susquehanna,. . Tioga, Union, Venango, Warren, Washington, . Wayne, Westmoreland, York, Total.... J 1,348,233 21,690 39,406 39,482 18,133 14,261 188,797 4,843 1,265 20,744 17,762 16,787 8,978 20,795 9,470 4,697 42,784 7,663 38,400 42,859 Lewistown. Norristown. Easton. Sunbury. New Bloomfield Philadelphia. Milford. Coudersport, Orwigsburg. Somerset. Montrose. Wellsborough. New Berlin. Franklin. Warren. Washington. Bethany. Greensburg. York. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701, 20,000 1763, 280,000 1790, 434,373 1800, 602,545 1810, 810,091 1820, 1,049,313 1830, 1,348,233 INCREASE From 1701 to 1763, 260,000 1763 to 1790, 154,373 1790 to 1800, 168,172 1800 to 1810, 207,546 1810 to 1820, 239,222 1820 to 1830, 298,920 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 565,812; white Females, 644,088; deaf and dumb, 758; blind, 475; aliens, 15,365: total, 1,309,900. Free colored Males, 18,377; Fe- males, 19,553: total, 37,930. Slaves— Males, 172; Females, 231 : total, 403. JVew Counties. — The counties of Juniatta and Carroll have been organized since the census of 1830. 3,737 1,706 795 211 386 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Pennsylvania State Canals and Rail-roads. — These canals and rail- roads were undertaken at the expense of the State, and continue under the control of the Legislature as public property. The construction and man- agement of them are intrusted to three commissioners, appointed annually by the Governor. Length Delaware division, 59$ Harrisburg line, Susquehanna division, North Branch do. West Branch do. Length. • I 63 ...55i . . .24i Columbia East division, 10 Juniatta Branch do 89 Western Branch do 105 French Creek Feeder, 19i Total, 426J The main trunk of this system of canals commences at Columbia, at the termination of the Philadelphia and Columbia Rail-road, and extends thence westward 172^ miles till it meets the Alleghany Portage Rail-road at Holidaysburg. It recommences at the western extremity of the Rail- road, and continues westward 105 miles to the Monongahela river at Pittsburg. The following Canals, undertaken by the State, are now in active progress : Frankstown line of the Juniatta division, extending from Huntingdon to Holidaysburg, is 30J miles in length, including about 15f miles of slack- water navigation. Beaver division commences upon the Ohio river at the mouth of Big 242 GENERAL VIEW OF Beaver, and extends to Newcastle. Length 24f miles, of which about two-thirds are slack-water and towing-path. Franklin line commences on Allegheny river, at the mouth of French creek, and extends up the latter stream till it meets the French creek feeder. Length 22^ miles, seventeen of which are slack-water and towing-path. Lycoming line commences at Muncy dam, and extends up the West branch of the Susquehanna, and terminates at the Big island, opposite to the mouth of the Bald Eagle. Length 41 \ miles, of which about ten miles are slack-water. Wyoming line of the North Branch division commences at the Nanti- coke dam, and extends up the North Branch, and terminates near the mouth of Lackawannock creek. Length 16 miles. Columbia and Philadelphia Rail-road commences in the city of Phila- delphia, at the intersection of Vine and Broad streets, and terminates at Columbia. Length 81 T 6 F miles. It is designed for a double track throughout. Estimated cost of the whole work, 82,297,120 21 cts. Aver- age cost per mile, estimated, $28,173 63 cts. Allegheny Portage Rail-road. This rail-road commences at Holidays- burg, at the termination of the Frankstown line of the Juniatta division of the main trunk of the canal, and extends to Johnstown, where it meets the western division of the canal. Length about 37 miles. The summit of the mountain, where the Rail-road crosses it, is 1,398.71 feet above the basin of the canal on the eastern, and 1,171.58 feet above that on the western side. The rail-road is graded 25 feet, wide for two sets of tracks. On each side of the mountain there are to be five inclined planes, intend- ed for stationary engines. The greatest inclination of these planes makes an angle of about six degrees with the horizon. Estimated cost of a double set of tracks and the necessary machinery, $1,271,718. Canals constructed by Private Companies. Schuylliill Canal and Navigation Company, incorporated in 1815. The work was commenced in 1816, and the canal has now been in opera- tion several years. Length 110 miles ; breadth at the surface, 36 feet, at the bottom, 24 ; depth, 4 feet. Lockage, 620 feet. It extends from Phila- delphia to Reading, and thence to Mount Carbon. It comprises thirty-one dams, commencing at Fair-Mount water-works, near Philadelphia, by which is produced a slack- water navigation of forty-five miles ; 125 locks, eighty feet long by seventeen wide, of which twenty-eight are guard-locks ; seventeen arched aqueducts, a tunnel of 450 feet in length, cut through and under solid Tock, and sixty-five toll and gate-houses. The dams are; from three to twenty-seven feet in height. Cost, to January 1st, 1830, ! 82,336,380. i Union Canal. — This canal was constructed in 1827. It extends from j Middletown, on Susquehanna river, to the head of the Girard Canal, two miles below Reading, connecting the waters of the Susquehanna with those of the Schuylkill. Length, eighty miles, exclusive of Swatara feeder, which extends twenty-four miles. Its works comprehend a tunnel, 243 yards in length, eighteen feet wide, and fourteen high ; two summit reser- 1 voirs, containing 12,000,000 cubic feet of water, the one covering twenty- 1 seven, the other eight acres ; two steam-engines, each of 100 horse power, I and three water-wheels for feeding the canal by pumping ; two dams, ] PENNSYLVANIA. 243 forty-three waste wiers, forty-nine culverts, 135 bridges, twelve small and two large aqueducts, two guard-locks of wood, ninety-two cut-stone locks, and fourteen miles of protection-wall of stone. Width at the surface of the water, thirty-six feet, at bottom, twenty-four ; depth, four feet. Dimen- sions of locks, 75 by 8| feet. There is also connected with this canal a rail-road of about four miles in length, extending from the capacious basin at Pine Grove, to the coal mines. Cost of the canal and rail-road, exclu- sive of interest on loans, about $2,000,000. Lackawaxen Canal. — This canal commences at the termination of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, near Carpenter's Point, and unites with a rail-road at Honesdale. Length, thirty-six miles ; width at the surface, thirty -two feet, at bottom, twenty feet; depth, four feet. In 1825, the Lackawaxen Company was authorized to act with the Delaware and Hud- son Canal Company. Including seventeen miles of Lackawaxen river, these two canals, united, form a navigation of 117 miles. Cost, $16,000 per mile. Lehigh Canal. — Company incorporated in 1818. This canal extends from Easton, on Delaware river, to Stoddartsville, connecting Morris Canal with the Mauch Chunk Rail-road. Length, including 9f miles of slack- water pools, 46 1 miles. Breadth, at the surface of the water, from sixty to sixty-five feet, at bottom, forty-five feet ; depth, five feet. It has forty- three locks, of which two are guard-locks, beside five guard-locks at the several pools. Locks, 100 feet by 22. Lockage, 360 feet. There are, also, eight dams, varying in height from six feet to sixteen ; four aqueducts, and twenty-two culverts. Cost, $1,558,000. Conestoga Navigation. Company incorporated in 1825. It extends from Safe Harbour, on Susquehanna river, at the mouth of Conestoga creek, to Lancaster. Length, eighteen miles. The navigation is effected by a series of locks and dams. Locks, 100 feet by 22. Cost, $4,000 per mile. Conewago Canal, passing a fall of the same name on the Susquehanna river, is 2h miles in length. Lockage, twenty-one feet. EAIL-EOADS. The Mauch Chunk Rail-road was commenced in January, 1827, and completed in May following. It extends from the coal mines, near Mauch Chunk, down an inclined plane to Lehigh river. The elevation of the mines above the river, at the point where the coal is received in boats, is 936 feet. The rail-road has a continued descent from the summit, so that the cars descend by their own gravity, and are drawn back by mules. Its length from the mines to the river is nine miles, and that of its branches at the ftids and sides 4-£. The coal is transported in cars, fourteen of which are connected together, containing a ton and a half each. A single conductor rides on one of the cars and regulates their movement. From 300 to 340 tons of coal are discharged daily at the river. Single track. Cost, $3,050 per mile. Mount Carbon Rail-road. — Company incorporated in the spring of 1 829, and the road commenced in October following. It commences at Mount Carbon, and extends to Morrisville, and thence through Pottsville to the Forks. Two and three tracks. Cost, $100,000. Schpylkill Valley Rail-road commences at Port Carbon, and terminates at Tuscarora. Length, ten miles. It has fifteen lateral rail-roads inter- 244 GENERAL VIEW OF secting it, the united lengths of which amount to about thirteen miles. The main road has two tracks; the lateral roads but one. Cost of the main stem, $5,500 per mile ; that of the lateral roads, $2,600 per mile. The Schuylkill Rail-road, thirteen miles in length, consists of a double track ; cost $7,000 per mile. Mill Creek Rail-road commences at Port Carbon, and extends up Mill Creek four miles. Single track. Cost, $14,000. About three miles of lateral rail-road intersect the main stem, which cost about $2,000 per mile. The West Branch Rail-road commences at Schuylkill haven, at the foot of Broad mountain. Length, including the west branch, fifteen miles. Double track on the main stem. Cost, $150,000. There are, in addition, lateral branches of a single track, five miles long, intersecting it, which cost per mile $2,000. Pine Grove Rail-road extends from the mines to Swatara feeder, five miles. Cost, $30,000. (See Union Canal.) The Little Schuylkill Rail-road commences at Port Clinton, and extends up the stream to the mines at Tamaqua, about twenty-three miles. Com- pleted in 1831. The Lackawaxen Rail-road commences at the termination of the Lack- awaxen and Delaware and Hudson Canal, connecting that canal with the coal-bed at Carbondale. Length, 16 miles, an elevation of 800 feet being overcome by five inclined planes, each from 2,000 to 3,000 feet in length. Single track. Cost, $6,500 per mile. The Central Rail-road extends from Potts ville to Sunbury, near the junction of the Susquehanna, with its western branch. A branch rail-road is to be constructed to Danville. The West Chester Rail-road leads from the borough of West Chester to Paoli, where it joins the Philadelphia and Columbia Rail-road. Com- pleted 1832. Estimated cost, including cars and all other charges, 90,000 dollars. Philadelphia and Trenton Rail-road, constructed in 1833, 26^ miles. This rail-road extends from Philadelphia to Trenton, N. J. on the Dela- ware, via Bristol, and Morrisville opposite to Trenton. This will prove a great accommodation, particularly in seasons when the waters of the Dela- ware are low. Harrisburg and Chambersburg Rail-road. From Harrisburg, via Carlisle, to Chambersburg, 143 miles west by south from Philadelphia, 48 miles. The Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Rail-road is about 19 miles in length, extending from Philadelphia to Norristown on the Schuylkill. Completed in 1832, as far as Germantown. A rail-road is also projected from Norristown to the Lehigh river, at Allentown. Philadelphia and Delaware County Rail-road is to extend from Phila- delphia, south-westerly, along the western margin of Delaware river. Leave has been obtained from the legislature of Delaware, to continue it through that State to the Maryland line, towards Baltimore. Sixty-seven other rail-roads have been projected in this State, and com- panies for constructing several of them have been incorporated. PENNSYLVANIA. 245 PRZE¥GIP-&Xi STiLG-33 ROUTES. 1. From Philadel- phia to Pittsburg. To Buck tavern, . Paoli, WestWhiteland,. Downingtown, . . . Coatsville, Sadsbury, Paradise, Lancaster, Mount Joy, Elizabethtown, . . Middletown, .... High Spire, HARRISBURG, Hogesfown, Carlisle, Stoughstown, .... Shippensburg, . . . Green Village, . . . Chambersburg, • • St. Thomas, . Loudon T [ McConnellsburg, Juniatta Crossing, Bedford, Schellsburg-, .... Stoystown, . . Laughlin T. ... Ligonier, Youngstown, ... Greensburg, .... Adamsburg',. ... Stewartsville, .... Pittsburg, 2. From Philadel- phia to Pitts- burg, via Colum- bia and York. To Lancaster, as in No. 1, Columbia, York, Abbott's Town,. . Oxford, Gettysburg, Chambersburg, . . Pittsburg, as in No. 1, ... . 3. From Philadel- phia to Balti- more, via Wil- mington, Del. To Darby, .... Chester, Marcus Hook, . . Wilmington, . . . I Newport, 19 24 29 36 39 52 62 74 81 84 87 93 102 111 124 132 138 143 152 158 165 185 200 209 229 245 248 258 268 274 281 301 72 84 99 104 113 138 296 Staunton, Christiana, New Ark, Elkton, North- East, Charleston, Havre de Grace, . Hall's X Roads, . Harford, Little Gun Powder Baltimore, 4. From Philadel phia to Balti- more, via Port Deposit. To Darby, .... Nether Providence Concord, Kennet's Square, N. London >< Roads, Port Deposit, .... Herbert's X Roads Bell Air, Kingsville, .... Baltimore, .... 5. From Philadel- phia to Lancas- ter, via West Chester. To Haverford, . . . Newton, West Chester, . . . Marshalton, Gap, Strasburg, Lancaster, 6. From Philadel- phia to Mauch Chunk, via Potts- ville. To Morristoion, . . Trap, Pottsdam, Reading, Hamburg-, Orvngsburg, .... Pottsville, Middleport, Tuscarora, ...... Tamaqua, Mauch Chunk, . . From Philadel- phia to Lancas- ter, via Yellow Springs. To Gulf Mills, . . V2 16 15 34 38 43 48 54 57 64 69 75 82 98 26 36 52 67 78 86 94 98 103 118 Valley Forge, Kimberton, Yellow Springs, . Marsh, Churchtown, Earl, New Holland, . . . Leacock, Lancaster, 3. From Philadel- phia to Montrose. To Rising Sun, . . Germantown, . . . Chesnut Hill,. . . . Spring House,. . . Montgomery Square Lexington, Sellersville, Quakertown, Fryburg, Bethlehem, Hecktown, Nazareth, Jacobsburg-, Windgap, Mount Pocono, . . Wilkesbarre, Kingston, New Troy, Exeter, Eaton, Tunkhannock,. . . Springville, Montrose, 9. From Philadel phia to Norris- toicn. To Penn Towns'p Manayunk, Roxboro', Norristown, 10. From Phila- delphia to Easton To Rising Sun, . . Jenkintown, Willow Grove,. . . Horseham, Doyiestown, Danboro', Ottsville Durham, Easton, 11. From. Philada. to Winchester. To Lancaster, as in No. 1, 6 (i 4 14 4 5 3 9 4 3 3 3 8 4 4 7 5 6 8 5 3 3 IS 12 is 1 4 9 2 15 10 13 02 21 27 31 45 49 54 57 66 70 6 9 17 21 25 32 37 43 51 56 59 62 80 92 110 111 115 124 126 141 151 164 17 10 13 16 24 28 3D 47 56 246 Columbia, York, Pigeon Hill, Hanover, Petersburg, Taneytown, Md. . Bruceville, Middleburg, Woodsboro', Walkersville, .... Frederick, Trap, Petersville, Knoxville, '. Harper's Ferry ,Va Charleston, Winchester, 12. From Harris- burg to Dundaff. To Dauphin, .... Peter's Mountain, New Buffalo, .... Montgomery's Ferry Liverpool, M'Kee's Half Falls Sclinsgrove, Sunbury, Northumberland, . Danville, Bloomsburg, .... Berwick, Nanticoke, Wilkesbarre, .... Pittstown, Greenville, Dundaff, 13. From Harris- burg to Pittsburg, via Huntingdon. To Juniatta Falls, Millerstown, . Thompsontown, . Mexico, Mifflin, Lewistown, . . . Waynesburg, Huntingdon, . Alexandria, Yellow Springs, . Frankstown, Holidaysburg, . . . Blair's Gap, Munster, Ebeyisburg, Armagh, Blairsville, New Alexandria, . Salem X Roads, . . Murrysville, Pittsburg, GENERAL VIEW OF 10 72 12 84 8 92 10 102 7 109 9 118 5 123 2 12.5 9 134 5 139 6 145 7 152 4 156 4 160 (i 166 7 173 22 195 9 6 15 5 20 6 26 5 31 9 40 12 52 2 54 2 56 12 68 9 77 12 89 17 106 9 115 10 125 17 142 10 152 14 15 29 6 35 40 43 55 66 88 96 102 111 114 US 128 133 151 165 173 1S1 18S 208 14. From Harris- burg to Balti- more. To Highspire, . . . Middleton, Falmouth, York Haven, .... York, Logansville, Strasburg, Weisesburg,Pa.. . Hereford, ....... Baltimore, 15. From Pitts- burg to Steuben ville. To Raccoon Cr. . . Briceland's y. Roads Steubenville, 16. From Pitts- burg to Erie. To Bakerstown, . Woodville, Butler, Centreville, Mercer, Meadville, Waterford, Erie, 17. From Pitts- burg to Wheeling. To Harriotsville, . Canonsburg, Washington, Wheeling, 18. From Pitts burg to Beaver. To Sewickly Bottom Economy, Beaver, 19. From Easton to Elmira, N. Y. To Bath, Kernsville, Cherryville, .... Lehigh Gap, . . . Lehighton, Mauch Chunk, . Lausanne, Conyngham, . . . Nescopeck, Berwick, New Columbia, . Shinersville,. . . . Towanda, Burlington, .... Ridgebury, .... Elmira, 22 30 45 61 91 114 129 15 19 23 31 36 37 58 67 68 78 102 126 134 146 158 20. From Easton to Pleasant Mount. To Windgap, .... Stanhope, Sterling, Clarkstown, Pleasant Mount, . 21. From Easton to Harrisburg. To Butztown, . . . Bethlehem, Allentown, Trexlertown, .... Kutztown, Reading, Womelsdorf, .... Myerstown, Lebanon, Palmyra, Hummelstown, . . HARRISBURG, 22. From Easton to Milford. To Richmond, Mount Bethel, Dutottsburg, . Stroudsburg, . Coolbaugh's, . Bushkill, .... Dingman's Ferry, Milford, 23. From Lewis toivn to Erie. To Belief onte, . . Millersburg, .... Phillipsburg, . . . Kylers ville, .... Clearfield, Curwinsville, . . . Brookville, Clarion, Strattersville, . . . Shippensville,. . . Franklin, Meadville, Erie, 24. From Ebem burg to Butler. To Indiana, Kittaning, Butler, 25. From Harris- burg to Winches- ter, Va. To Hogestown, . . Carlisle, Stoughstown, . . . . Shippensburg, . . . 13 20 15 20 12 5 G 8 9 18 14 7 6 10 6 9 14 4 7 4 7 6 13 30 2 24 8 8 5 35 9 6 9 23 24 3b 26 26 20 DELAWARE. 247 Green Village, . . . Chambersburg, . . Greencastle, Hater's Town,Md. Funkstown, .."... Boonsboro', Sharpsburg, Shepherdstown.Va Martinsburg, .... Darkesville, Winchester, 26. From Reading to Lancaster. To Adamstown, Reamstown, Ephratah, Litiz, Neffsville, Lancaster, .... 6 45 5 50 11 61 11 72 3 75 8 83 7 90 4 94 9 103 7 110 15 125 10 5 15 4 19 8 27, 4 31: 4 35 ; r. From Potts- ville to Belle- fonte, via Wil- liamsport. To Danville, Washingtonville, . Derry, Pennsborough, . . Williamsport, . . . Jersey Shore, Dunn's Town,. . . Bellefonte, 28. FromNorthum- berland to Lewis- town. To New Berlin,. . Middleburg, Beavertown, 32 8 40 5 45 14 59 14 73 11 84 10 94 24 118 Lewistown, 28 29. From Bedford to Washington. To Somerset, .... Mount Pleasant, . Robstown, Williamsport, . . . Washington, .... 30. From Harris- burg to Hagers- town, Md. To Carlisle, Menallen, Gettysburg, Fairfield, Waynesboro', . . . |Leitersburg, Md. . [Hagerstown, . . . . 50 62 76 86 106 DELAWARE. The first European settlers in the territory, now constituting the State of Delaware, were Swedes and Fins, a colony of whom was formed un- der the auspices of the celebrated Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden. In 1627, the first emigrants landed at Cape Henlopen, which they named Point Paradise, and to the country on both sides of the Delaware river, they applied the title of New Sweden. Hoarkill, now Lewistown, was founded in 1630, and other settlements were shortly afterwards established near Wilmington, at Upland, now Chester, and at Tinicum, in Pennsylvania. In 1655, the Swedish settlements fell under the authority of the Dutch, who united them to their colony of New Amsterdam, under the title of the New Netherlands. Nine years afterwards, the whole was conquered by the English, and granted by Charles II. to his brother James, Duke of York, who, in 1682, conveyed the Delaware settlements to Wm. Penn. At that period, Delaware was as at present divided into three counties, and from that time to the American revolution was known as the three lower coun- ties upon the Delaware. In 1775, Richard Penn, then proprietor of Penn- sylvania, resigned his jurisdiction over the lower counties, and in the fol- lowing year, 1776, the dominion of Great Britain having been abolished, a convention of representatives, chosen for the purpose, formed a constitu- tion, and the territory taking the name of Delaware, became a free and independent State. In the revolutionary war, she labored and suffered greatly ; no part of the continent contributed better troops, or was more steadfast in the common cause than this little State. The Delaware regi- ment was distinguished for its bravery and efficiency among the regular forces. This State was the first to ratify and adopt the Federal Constitution. Subsequent to that period, the noiseless tenor of its history is sufficient proof of the advantages it has derived from the Union, and its own political administration. The only event of importance in its recent annals, is the forming of a new Constitution, which took place in 1792. The name of this State, the bay, and river, was derived from Lord De la War, one of the early settlers of Virginia. GENERAL VIEW OF The general aspect of Delaware is that of an extended plain, mostly favorable for cultivation. On the table-land forming the dividing ridge between the Delaware and Chesapeake Bays, is a chain of swamps, from which the waters descend in one direction to Chesapeake, and on the other to Delaware Bay. The upper part of the State is generally a fine tract of country, and well adapted to the growing of wheat, and other grains. The staple commodity, how- ever, is wheat, which is produced of a superior quality. The flour is highly esteemed for its softness, and is preferred in foreign markets. Brandywine creek, in the upper part of the State, furnishes water-power for great. and growing manufacturing establishments. The chief articles are flour, cot- tons, woollens, paper, and gunpowder. Delaware contains but few mine- rals ; in the county of Sussex, and among the branches of the Nanticoke, are large quantities of bog iron ore, well adapted for casting ; but it is not wrought to any extent. This State has a school fund of $170,000. There are academies at Wilmington, New Castle, Newark, Smyrna, Dover, Mil- ford, Lewistown, and Georgetown. Schools are established in every dis- trict of 4 miles square. No district is entitled to any share of the fund that will not raise by taxation a sum equal to its share of the income of the fund. The boundaries on the north are Pennsylvania, on the south Mary- land, on the east Delaware Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west Pennsylvania and Maryland. The extent from north to south is 90 miles ; from east to west 25 miles ; area in square miles, 2,120, or 1,356,800 acres. The principal streams, besides the Delaware, which forms a part of its boundary, are Brandywine creek, Christiana creek, Duck creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian, Chop- tank, and Nanticoke rivers. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Kent, New Castle, . Population 19,911 29,710 County Towns. DOVER. New Castle, Wilmington. li Sussex, . . Total, Population 27,118 76,739 County Towns. Georgetown, POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1790, 59,094 1800, 64,273 1810, 72,674 1820, 72,749 1830, 76,739 INCREASE. From 1790 to 1800, 5,179 1800 to 1810, 8,401 1810 to 1820 75 1820 to 1830, 3,990 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 23,845; white Female deaf and dumb, 35; blind, 18; aliens, 313: total whites, 57,601. Free colored 3Iales, 7,882; 7,973: total, 15,855. Slaves— Males, 1,806; Females, 1,486: total, 3,292. SLAVES. 8,887 6,153 4,177 4,509 3,292 s, 28,756; Females, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CAXALS. Chesapeake and Delaware Canal is partly in the state of Delaware and partly in Maryland, connecting Delaware river with Chesapeake bay. Length, 13f miles; breadth at the surface, 66 feet; depth, 10 feet, being designed for sloop navigation. It leaves Delaware river 45 miles below Philadelphia, passes across the peninsula, and communicates with Chesa- peake Bay at Back creek. It has two tide and two lift locks, 100 feet by DELAWARE. 249 22 feet in the chamber. The summit-level is 12 feet above tide-water. At the eastern termination of the canal, at Delaware City, a harbor extends 500 feet along the shore, from which two piers, that distance apart, project 250 feet into the river, nearly opposite Fort Delaware. Commenced in 1824 ; opened for navigation in 1829. Cost, $2,200,000. RAIL-ROADS. Newcastle and Frenchtown Rail-road is nearly parallel to the Chesa- peake and Delaware Canal, and is in direct competition with it. It extends from Newcastle on Delaware river to Frenchtown, in the state of Mary- land, affording communication between Delaware river and Chesapeake Bay. It consists of a single track with the requisite number of turn-outs, and is about 16 J miles in length — only 853 yards longer than a perfectly straight line drawn between its two extremities. It consists of 6 curve and 6 straight lines. The curve lines vary in length from 1,939 to 8,296 feet. The radii of the three smaller curves are of 10,560 feet each ; the radius of the largest, 20,000 feet. The aggregate length of the curves is 5.16 miles; that of the straight lines, 11.3 miles. The graduation of the road departs from a perfect level by ascents and descents varying from 10 feet 6 inches to 16 feet 4 inches a mile; at one place, for about 4,000 feet, the slope is at the rate of 29 feet to the mile. The whole amount of excava- tion is about 500,000 cubic yards of earth, exclusive of the side drains. The amount of embankment 420,000 cubic yards. The road crosses 4 viaducts and 29 culverts, all constructed of substantial stone masonry. Width, 26 feet, exclusive of the side drains. Completed in 1832. Cost, including land, wharf, depots, and locomotive engines, $400,000. Wilmington and Downingtown Rail-road. — Company incorporated in 1831. Capital, $100,000, with liberty to increase it to $150,000. Rail- road to extend from Wilmington to the boundary line of the State, in the direction of Downingtown, Penn. PRINCIPAL STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Wilming- ton to Easton, Md. To New Castle, . . St. George's, Middletown, Warwick, Head of Sassafras, Georgetown ^ R. Chestertown, Church Hill, .... Centreville, Wye Mills, Easton, 2. From Wilmins. Miles 5 10 9 6 3 4 15 6 11 6 12 ton to Georgetown. To St, George's,.. Cantwell's Bridge, Smyrna, DOVER, Camden, Canterbury, Frederica, Milford, Milton, Georgetown, 3. From George- town to Eastville. Va. To Millsborough, Dagsborough, . . . St. Martin's, Berlin, Newark, Snoio Hill, Sandy Hill, .... Horntown, Modest-town, . . . Drummondton, . Onancock, Pungoteague,. .. Belle Haven, . . . Eastville, 14 27 36 44 52 62 68 81 95 99 109 117 131 MARYLAND. The territory now forming the State of Maryland was granted by Charles I. to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, an eminent statesman who had been Secretary to James I. The first settlement was formed by his son, Leonard Calvert, together with about 200 Catholic emigrants, most of whom were persons of property. They located themselves on the north side 250 GENERAL VIEW OF of the Potomac river, at an Indian town called Piscataway. The country granted to Lord Baltimore was called Maryland, in honor of Henrietta Maria, the Queen of England. The principles upon which the settlement of this colony was established were alike honorable to the humanity and wisdom of the founder. They were similar to those adopted by Roger Williams, in the planting of Rhode Island, and subsequently by Wm. Penn on a larger scale in the settlement of Pennsylvania. They advanced the prosperity and population of Maryland at a rapid pace, and have left imper- ishable brilliancy on the character of Lord Baltimore. The colony was an asylum for the persecuted of religious sects, from all parts of the world, which circumstance, with the hospitality of the natives, the fruitfulness of the soil, and mildness of the climate, tended greatly to its early growth and prosperity. In 1699 the seat of government was fixed at Annapolis, where it has ever since remained. From the restoration of Charles II. until the revolu- tion of 1668 the government continued in the proprietor, but upon that event taking place it was wrested from him by the Protestant Association in arms, and tendered to William and Mary, by whom it was accepted, and it continued a i - oyal province until 1716. The descendant of the proprie- tor renouncing the Catholic faith, the government was restored to him, and continued in the proprietary family until the revolution which estab- lished the independence of the United States. The people of Maryland were not backward in supporting the cause of freedom. The spirit which was first roused in 1765, and which blazed forth in 1776, displayed itself on both occasions in that province, during the revolutionary war ; and especially in the southern campaigns under Gen. Green, the bravery and good conduct of the Maryland line were con- spicuous. In 1788 the convention of this State adopted the federal con- stitution, by a large majority. Two years after, the State ceded to the general government that part of the District of Columbia which lies east of the Potomac river, for the seat of the national legislature. In the last war with Great Britain, the maritime parts of this State were subjected to a marauding warfare, as harassing and vexatious to the people, as it was dishonorable to the enemy ; in his last attempt on Baltimore, made with a considerable force, towards the close of the contest, he was forced to retreat to his ships with considerable loss, and entirely disappointed in his views. Maryland is bounded north by Pennsylvania and Delaware; east by Delaware and the Atlantic ; south-west and west by Virginia. Length 196 miles, and 120 miles in breadth ; area in square miles 10,950, in acres 7,008,000. The principal rivers are the Potomac, which divides it from Virginia, the Susquehanna, Patapsco, Pawtuxent, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, and Pocomoke. The maritime part of this State is penetrated far into the interior by Chesapeake Bay, as a vast river dividing it into two distinct portions, called the eastern and western shores. These shores include a level, low, and alluvial country, intersected by tide- water rivers and creeks, and like the same tracts of country farther south are subject to intermittents. The genuine white wheat, which is supposed to be peculiar to this State, is raised on these shores. Above the tide-waters, the land becomes agreeably undulating. Beyond this commences the Allegheny mountain, with its numerous ridges : the valleys between them are of a loamy and rich soil, yielding fine wheat and all the productions of MARYLAND. 251 the middle, together with some of those of the southern States. The national road passes through the wide and fertile valleys in which Frederick and Hagerstown are situated, being broad belts of the same admirable soil which is seen in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. Among these moun- tains and hills the air is elastic, the climate salubrious, and the waters' clear and transparent. In manufactures and commerce, Maryland sustains a very respectable rank ; numerous woollen and cotton mills, copper and iron rolling mills are established in and near Baltimore, and are also scattered over other parts of the State. Flour and tobacco are the staple productions : the exports of the former are very great, and of the latter the product is considerable and of excellent quality. The imports into Maryland in 1831 were $4,826,577, and the exports of domestic articles for the same period $3,720,506, of foreign produce $578,141 ; total, $4,308,647. The great Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road iioav in progress in this State is by far the most stupendous national work of the kind ever undertaken in this or any other country. The entire distance will exceed 300 miles ; on this road every mode of passage, by horse car power and locomotive steam car power, and wind power by sails, has been adopted. The route of this great undertaking is through a country abounding in every variety of splendid scenery that mountains, valleys, cascades, rivers, forests, and the wildness of nature in her mountainous retreats, can furnish. Various other works of the same kind are in contemplation. When these shall be completed, Maryland will probably come in for her full share of the trade of the west. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Population County Towns. Counties. Population County Towns. Allegheny, .... 10,602 Cumberland. iMonlgomery, . . 19,816 Rockville. Ann Arundel, . . 28,295 ANNAPOLIS. Prince George, 20,473 Up. Marlboro'. Baltimore, .... 120,876 Baltimore. 1 Queen Anne, . . 14,390 Centreville. 8,899 Pr. Frederick T. St. Mary's, 13,455 Leonardtown. 9,070 Denton. 20,155 Princess Anne. Cecil, 15,432 Elkton. Talbot, 12,947 Easton. 17,666 Port Tobacco. Washington, . . 25,263 Hagerstown. Dorchester, . . . 18,685 Cambridge. Worcester, .... 18,271 Sn owh ill. 45,793 16,315 Frederick. Bell Air. Total, .... 446,913 10,502 Chestertown. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1660, 12,000; in 1676, 16,000; in 1701, 25,000; in 1733, 36,000; in 1749, 85,000 ; in 1755, 108,000 ; in 1763, 70,000, whites. INCREASE. In 1790, 317,728 1800, 345,824 1810, 380,546 1820, 407,350 1830, 446,9131 From 1790 to 1800, 26,096 1800 to 1810, 34,722 1810 to 1820, 16,804 1820 to 1830, 39,563 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 147,315; white Females deaf and dumb, 131 ; blind, 156 : total whites, 291,093. Free colored Males, 34,920 ; 28,022 : total, 52,942. Slaves— Males, 53,429 ; Females, 49,449 : total, 102,878. SLAVES. 103,036 108,554 111,502 107,398 102,878 143,778 ; Females, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. — Charter granted by Virginia, 1824; confirmed by Maryland and Congress, 1825. Commenced in 1828. Pro- 252 GENERAL VIEW OF posed length 341 £ miles ; to extend from tide-water of the Potomac river above Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, and terminate near Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania. Breadth at the surface of the water, from 60 to 80 feet ; at the bottom, 50 feet ; depth from 6 to 7 feet. The first 2 miles of this canal above Georgetown are 70 feet wide on the surface, and 7 feet deep ; the next 2 miles are 80 feet wide, and 6 feet deep. The remaining distance to the Point of Rocks, (44 miles) 60 feet wide and 6 deep. Five miles from Georgetown the canal is planned for constructing branches severally to Alexandria, Baltimore, and to the navy-yard at Washington. The locks are to be of stone, 100 feet by 15. Amount of lockage required on the whole canal, 3,215 feet. At the summit-level, upon the Allegheny Mountain, a tunnel is required 4 miles and 80 yards long, with a deep cut 1,060 yards long at the western end, and another 14 yards long at the eastern end, each of which opens into a basin of 880 yards in length and 64 in width. The original estimate of the cost was $22,375,000 ; but it is supposed that it will fall much short of that sum. $1,000,000 of the stock have been subscribed by the United States. Port Deposit Canal is a public work of the State of Maryland. Its length is 10 miles, extending from Port Deposit on the east bank of the Susquehanna, along a line of rapids, northward, to the boundary of Ma ryland. Potomac river Canals. — At Little or Lower Falls, three miles above Washington, is a canal 2^ miles long. Difference of level 37 feet and 1 inch, overcome by 4 locks of solid masonry. At Great Falls, 9 miles above, is a canal 1,200 yards long, lined with walls of stone. Difference of level, 76| feet surmounted by five locks, 100 feet long, and from 10 to 14 wide. KAIL-ROADS. Baltimore and Ohio Pail-road. — Company incorporated in 1827, by the legislatures of Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. The ceremony of laying the first stone was performed July 4, 1828; but active opera- tions were not commenced till the autumn of the same year. Capital, $5,000,000. This rail-road, when completed, is to extend from Baltimore to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, or to some other point on the Ohio river, thus affording communication between the waters of Chesapeake Bay and those of the Ohio. Seventy-three miles of this rail-road are to be completed in the course of the autumn of 1832, from Baltimore to the Point of Rocks on Potomac river, including a branch rail-road to Frederick. Length of the main stem from the Depot of the Company in Pratt-street, Baltimore, to the Point of Rocks, double track, 67| m. From the Depot to the City Block, 2 m. Branch from the main stem to Frederick, single track, 3£ m. Total, 73| Average cost of a single track, $15,500 a mile. Total cost of a single track, .$1,101,615 Average cost of a double track, $27,128 a mile. Total cost of a double track, $1,906,853 The breadth of the tracks is 4 feet 9\ inches between the rails. From January 1, to September 30, 1831, the number of passengers on the portion of the rail-road from Baltimore to Ellicott's Mills (13 miles) MARYLAND. 253 was 81,905 ; and within the same period 5,931 tons were transported upon it, yielding an income of $31,405, and involving an expense of $10,994. Transportation is effected by horses and steam locomotive engines. The progress of the rail-road beyond the Point of Rocks has been inter- rupted by a law-suit between the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road Company and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, which has been decided in favor of the latter. Measures are now in progress for the extension of the rail-road to the mouth of the Shenandoah. A further extension of 30 miles will carry it to Williamsport, and another of 75 miles, to Cumber- land, and a country abounding in rich bituminous coal. From this point to Pittsburg the distance is 140 miles, making the whole length 325 miles. Upon the route selected for this rail-road there are only two summits for the distance of 180 miles. The approach to the first of these summits, at Parr Spring Ridge, is by an acclivity so gradual as not to exceed 18 feet to the rnile. From the western side of this ridge, to the coal mines near Cumberland, the route for the whole distance, is adapted to steam locomo- tive engines. From the eastern base of the Alleghany mountain, a series of inclined planes will be required to overcome a summit of 1200 feet; from thence the road may be constructed upon a line so nearly level to the Ohio river, as to be traversed by steam locomotive engines without diffi- culty. Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-road. — Commenced in 1830. To extend from Baltimore to York, Pennsylvania. Length, 76 miles. The portion of the rail-road lying in Maryland, is in active progress. Seven miles, commencing at Baltimore, have already been completed at the expense of $13,350 a mile. The next division of 8 miles, is now under contract. When completed, it is supposed the cost of the rail-road will be reduced to $11,000 a mile. As the Act of the legislature of Maryland incorporating the Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-road Company has not been concurred in by the legislature of Pennsylvania, the rail-road, at present, will termi- nate at the boundary line of the State of Maryland. The company is authorized to construct a lateral rail-road, commencing at the main stem, within ten miles of Baltimore, through Westminster to the head waters of Monocacy river. Baltimore and Washington Hail-road is a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road, and has beqn undertaken by the same company. The route has been surveyed. Length from the point of intersection at Elk- ridge landing to Washington, about 33 miles. A rail-road has been projected from Baltimore to Annapolis. 2»E.IE>TGZPi?Lli STAGS SOUTES. 1. From Baltimore to Washington City Elkridge Landing Waterloo, Vansville, Bladensburg, .... WASHINGTON, 2. From Baltimore to Wheeling, Va. To Catonsville, . . Ellicott's Mills, . . Miles Miles. 7 1 6 13: 11 24^ 8 32 6 38 6 1 4 10 West Friendship, Cooksville, Lisbon, , Poplar Springs, . Parrsville, New Market, Fredericktown, . . Middletown, Boonesborough,. . Hagerstown, Park Head, Hancock, 18 24 26 29j 32 39 48| 56| 64] 73 92 97i Bevansville, . . . Flint Stone, . . . Cumberland, . . Frostburg, . . . . Tomlinsons,. . . Somerfield, Pa. Uniontoion, Brownsville, . . Beallsville, Hillsborough,. . Washington, . . Claysville, 114 124 137 147 157 176 197 209 217 220 231 242 y, 254 West Alexandria, Triadelphia,Va.. . Wheeling, Va. . . . 3. From Baltimore to Lancaster, Pa. To Hereford, Weisesburg, .... Strasburg, Logansville, York, Wrightsville, .... Columbia, Mountville, Lancaster, 4. From Baltimore to Annapolis. Sweetzer's Bridge, Broth erton, ANNAPOLIS, . . 5. From Baltimore to Chambersburg, Pa., via Gettys- burg. To Pikesville, . . . Reisterstown, .... Westminster, .... Petersburg, Gettysburg, Chambersburg, . . 6. From Baltimore to Chambersburg, via Emmitsburg To Reisterstown, Westminster, . . . Uniontown, .... GENERAL VIEW OF 24S 258 267 Taneytown, Emmitsburg,. . . . Waynesburg,. . . . Chambersburg,. . . 7. From Washing- ton City to Freder- ick. To Georgetown, . Rockville, Middlebrook, Clarksburg, Hyatstown, Frederick, 8. From Reisters- town to Carlisle, Pa,. To Hampstead, . . Manchester, Hanover, Abbottstown, East Berlin, York Sulphur Sp's, Carlisle,. ........ 9. From Frederick to York, Pa. To Walkersville,. Woodsboro', Middleburg, Bruceville, Taneytown, Petersburg, Hanover, Pigeon Hill, York, 10. From Freder- ick to Winchester. To Trap, Petersville, Knoxville, Harper's Ferry, . . Charleston, Winchester, 15 11. From Wash- 25 28 32 43 ington to Annapo- lis. To Upper Marlboro Queen Anne, .... Davidsonville, . . . ANNAPOLIS,. . 12. From Annapo- lis to Cambridge. To Broad Creek, . Queenstown, — . Wye Mills, Easton, Trap, Cambridge, 13. From George town, D. C, to The Ridge. WASHINGTON, Piscataway, — • Pleasant Hill, . . . Port Tobacco, . . Newport, Chaptico, Leonardfown, . . . Great Mills,.... St. Inigoes, The Ridge, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia is a tract of country ten miles square, situated on both sides of the Potomac river, 120 miles from its mouth, and 290 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. It contains Washington county, lying on the north-east or Maryland side of the river, in which are Washington City and Georgetown. Alexandria county is on the Virginia or south-east bank of the Potomac, and in it is located the city of Alexandria. The District was ceded to the United States in 1790, by the States of Maryland and Virginia, and in 1800 it became the seat of the general government of the United States. It is subject to the immediate and exclusive legislation of Congress, yet the laws of the two states from which it was taken remain in force in the respective parts taken from each. The City of Washington is the capital of the United States ; it is the residence of the President, and the other chief executive officers of the national government. The buildings belonging to the United States are: 1st. The Capitol, a large and massy building of the Corinthian order, situated near the west- ern extremity of the Capitol square, 73 feet above tide ; it is of freestone, com- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 255 posed of a central edifice and two wings, and is of the following dimen- sions, viz : Length of front, feet . . .350.5 Depth of wings, 121.6 East projection, 65 West do 83 Height of wings to top of balustrade, 70 " " centre dome, 120 Length of Representatives' Hall, 95 Height do 60 Length of Senate Chamber, 74 Height do 42 Height of Rotunda, 90 Diameter do 90 The wings were nearly completed, when the British army, under Gene- ral Ross, (who was afterwards slain in battle near Baltimore,) in August, 1814, made a sudden incursion, after defeating the American troops at Bladensburg, gained possession of the city, setting fire to the Capitol, Presi- dent's House, Public Office, &c, unconnected with the operations of war, reducing the whole to ashes, together with the valuable library of Congress. The foundation of the north wing was laid in the presence of General Washington, on the 16th Sept. 1798, and that of the centre on the 24th of May, 1818, being the anniversary of its destruction by the British. The building covers one and a half acres, and 1820 square feet, exclusive of its circular inclosure for fuel, and elegant area and glacier on the west front. The square contains 22^ acres, embracing a circumference of $ of a mile and 185 feet, inclosed by a substantial iron railing, with very neat gate- ways, gravel-walks, and a beautiful bordering of shrubbery and flowers, forming a delightful promenade for the use of the citizens. Opposite to the west front is the botanic garden ground, well adapted for the purpose in- tended ; it is under the care of the Columbian Institute. At the west front of the Capitol is placed the beautiful marble monument (which lately stood in the Navy-Yard) erected by the American officers to the memory of their brethren who fell before Tripoli in the year 1804. 2d. The President's House is two stories high, with a lofty basement, and is 180 feet long by 85 wide; from each end there is attached the ne- cessary offices, stables, coal and ice houses, &c, with a colonnade front, and rising to a level with the main floor of the house ; the roofs being flat, afford a promenade ; it is built of freestone, is crowned with a balustrade, the roof covered with copper, the entrance from the north is through a lofty portico, which is projected from the front so as to leave room for car- riages to pass under between the platform and outer columns ; the house stands on an elevation in the centre of a large reservation of ground ; the view to the south is extremely beautiful and picturesque. 3d. Four buildings, erected 300 feet east and west of the President's House, for the accommodation of the principal departments and subordinate offices of the government. They are each two stories high, with freestone basements, and covered with slate ; the two new ones, facing north, are each 130 feet long by 60 wide, with handsome porticoes of the Ionic order ; the two south ones are 150 feet long by 57 wide. 4th. The General Post Office, on E street north, occupies the whole of the south front of square 430, being 200 feet long; it is 3 stories high, and in it are the General Post Office, City Post Office, and Patent Office ; it is a very neat and commodious edifice, well adapted to the purposes for which it is used, on high ground, about equidistant from the Capitol and the President's House. 5th. A very extensive Navy-Yard, inclosed on the north and east by a 256 GENERAL VIEW OF lofty wall, with a handsome gateway and guard-rooms, a large and com modious dwelling for the commandant, and others for different officers at tached to the yard ; extensive timber-sheds, warehouses, shops for black smiths, coopers, turners, plumbers, joiners, sail-makers, boat-builders, &c. a steam-engine, which works two sets of saws, drives a tilt hammer, turners lathes, &c ; there are also 2 very large ship-houses. The Columbus 74 Potomac and Brandy wine frigates, of 44 guns each, and several other ves sels of war, have been built at this yard ; there is also a neat and tastefully arranged armory; and there is a vast quantity of naval stores, and cannon of every size, deposited in the yard. 6th. Marine Barracks, situated north of the Navy- Yard, occupies the whole of square 927 ; the building is upwards of 700 feet in length, with a colonnade facing into the square ; in the centre of the square are the offi- cers' quarters ; at the north of the square is the commandant's house, which is very large and commodious ; and at the south is an armory and work- shops. The yard is neat, and kept in excellent order. 7th. A substantial Navy Magazine, with a house for the keeper, and wharf for convenience of receiving and sending off powder, &c. ; it is situ- ated at the east end of the city, on the Anacostia branch of the Potomac. 8th. At the southern extremity of the city stands the extensive Army Arsenal and Laboratories for arms and the manufactory of military stores, with large sheds and houses for the storage of caissons, cannon, carriages, &c, and a magazine, occupying a large space of ground in a beautiful and commanding situation. 9th. The Penitentiary is situated on the public ground north of the Ar- senal ; it is a lofty building, of brick, inclosing within it the cells for the convicts, four tiers high ; built of freestone, and properly secured by strong iron doors ; attached to it are spacious buildings for the warden and keep- ers ; the warden's house faces the Potomac, and in front of it is a substan- tial wharf for the convenience of the establishment ; the ground is inclosed by a lofty brick wall extending from near the Potomac to James's Creek. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Alexandria, Population 9,608 County Towns. Alexandria. Washington, Total, . . Population 30,262 39,868 County Towns. Washington, Georgetown. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1800, 14,093 1810, 24,023 1820, .....33,039 1830, 39,868 INCREASE. From 1800 to 1810, 9,930 1810 to 1820, 9,016 1820 to 1830 6,829 5,395 6,376 6,058 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 13,761 ; white Females, 13,876: total, whites, 27,647. Free colored Males, 2,6-16; Females, 3.517: total, 6,163. Slaves— Males, 2,778; Females, 3,280 : total, 6,058. VIRGINIA. The name of Virginia, though now properly belonging to only one of the States of the American Union, was originally given to the whole extent of country, afterwards divided into thirteen colonies. It was bestowed (in honor of Queen Elizabeth) by Sir Walter Raleigh, upon that part of North America which he attempted to colonize. VIRGINIA. 257 Virginia was ihejirst anglo- American colony, and the first germ of a mighty nation. James I. in 1606, granted to two Companies, the London and Plymouth, all that part of the American coast from N. latitude 34° to 45°, under the names of North and South Virginia. The latter effected an actual settle- ment on the Powhatan, now James river, and there commenced the United States. The early advance was very slow, the colony being regarded with indifference in England. In 1619, the first Legislature was convened — an advantage more than counterbalanced the ensuing year, by the introduc- tion of the first African slaves. As an English Colony, Virginia was royal in its political features and feelings. In the long revolutionary struggle, from 1642 to 1660, the peo- ple sided with the royal party. The revolution of 1688 extended its effects into every section of British domination, in which Virginia shared its bene- fits. For a considerable period she enjoyed great internal tranquillity, and experienced nothing to interrupt her growth. In the year 1732, she gave birth to the most illustrious of her sons ; the great statesman and patriot who was destined afterwards to achieve the independence of all the colonies. In the colonial war of 1755, Virginia was truly distinguished. In that of the American revolution, she was, in many respects, the leading State ; and the illustrious Washington was only one of many of her sons who shone in that day of events. Since the peace of 1783, she has retained an elevated rank in the family of States. Fruitful of illustrious men, she has given four Presidents to the Union. During the late war with Great Britain, her citizens displayed great patriot- ism in opposing the common enemy ; and her maritime frontier suffered severely from his predatory incursions. The distinguishing national traits of the Virginians are frankness, gene- rosity, decision, and unshrinking perseverance. Nature has bestowed on Virginia advantage of position, soil, climate, and navigable rivers. She is often distinguishad by the title of the Ancient Dominion, probably from the circumstance of her having been the first settled of the colonies. This State is bounded on the north by Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Ohio ; south by North Carolina and Tennessee ; east by Maryland and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by Kentucky and Ohio. Extent from north to south, 220 miles ; from east to west, 370 miles. Area, about 64,000 square miles, or 40,960,000 acres. The principal rivers are the Potomac, Shenandoah, James, Rappahan- nock, Mattapony, Pamunky, York, Rivannah, Appomattox, Elizabeth, Not- toway, Meherrin, Staunton, Ohio, Sandy, Great Kanawha, Little Kanawha, and the Monongahela, and its principal branches. The Alleghany range of mountains, with its numerous ridges, covers the whole middle section of this State, and gives it a rugged surface. The country east of the moun- tains descends gradually to the flat and sandy alluvion of the coast. The district west of the mountains is hilly. The soil varies greatly, being sandy and sterile on the coast, very fertile on the banks of rivers, and productive in the valleys of the Alleghanies. The climate is equally varied, being hot, moist, and unhealthy in the lower alluvial country, and cool and salubrious among the mountains. To the productions common to the northern and middle sections of the Union, this State adds the sweet potato, the finest tobacco, and in the southern parts cotton as a crop. The productions of ~ ' "*" W2 ' '* 258 GENERAL VIEW OF the north and the south, apples and wheat, cotton and tobacco, meet here as in Tennessee in the western country. The temperature, soil, and cir- cumstances are supposed to be favorable in the highest degree to the culti- vation of the grape and the silk mulberry. The principal minerals found are iron, coal, limestone, and also some copper and black lead. Gold has been lately found in considerable quantities. The belt of country in which this metal exists, extends through Spottsylvania, and some neighboring counties, in a south-west direction, into North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. In this State 'the gold is diffused over large surfaces, and has not been found sufficiently in mass, except in a few places, to make mining profitable. The United States' Mining Company in Spottsylvania county, about 10 miles above Fredericksburg, are at present working mines which promise to yield a handsome remuneration. The gold is here found embedded in quartz, containing from ten to forty per cent, in weight of native metal, and so pure as to rise as high as twenty-three to twenty-three and a half carats. The number of cotton manufactories in 1S32 was seven, with an aggre- gate capital of $290, 000, making annually 675,000 yards of cloth. This State has a Bank Capital of $5,607,000, and a Literary Fund of $1,233,523; $45,000 of which is annually appropriated to the education of the poor. There is also a fund devoted to internal improvements, of 82,100,591 ; the whole capital employed in which is about 3^ millions. The amount of imports in 1831 was $488,522 ; exports, $4,150,475; of which $4,149,986 was domestic, and $489 foreign produce. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Population County Towns. Counties. Population County Towns. Accomack, .... 16,656 Drummond T. 5,274 Parisburg. Albemarle, .... 22,618 Charlottesville. Gloucester,. . . . 10,608 Gloucester,C.H. Alleghany, .... 2,816iCovin2'ton. Goochland,. . . . 10,369 Goochland, C.H. 11,036 Amelia, C.H. Grayson, 7,675 Greensville. 12,071 1 Amherst, C. H. Greenbrier, . . . 9,006 Lewisburg. 19,926 Staunton. Greensville, . . . 7,117 Hicksford. Bath, 4,002 Warm Springs. Halifax, 28,034 Halifax, C.H. 20,246 Libert}^. Hampshire, . . . 11,279 Romney. 10,518 Martinsburg. 16,253 Hanover, C.H. Bottetourt, .... 16,354 Fincastle. 6.798 Moorfields. 7,041 Wellsburg. 14,722 Clarksburg. Brunswick, . . . 15,767 Lawrenceville. 28,797 RICHMOND C. Buckingham,. . 18,351 Mavsville. 7,100 Martinsville. Cabell 5,884 Barboursville. Isle of Wight, . 10,517 I.ofWight,C.H. 20,350 Campbell, C. H. James City, . . . 3,838 Williamsburg. Caroline, 17,760 Bowling- Green. 12,927 Charleston. Charles City, . . 5,500 Charles City,c.H. Kanawha, .... 9,326 Charleston. Charlotte, 15,252JMarysville. King and Queen 11,644 Kins&Queen.C'H Chesterfield, . . . 18,637 Chesterfield,c.H.| King George,. . 6,397 Kin g- George, en- 24,027 Fairfax. King William, . 9,812 King William,CH Cumberland, . . 11,690 Cumberl'd,C.H. Lancaster, .... 4,801 Lancaster, C.H. Dinwiddie,. . . . 21,901 Dinwiddie, C.H. Lee, 6,461 Jonesville. Elizabeth City, 5,053 Hampton. 6,241 Weston. 10,521 Tappahannock. 3,680 Logan, C. H. 9,204 Fairfax, C. H. 21,939 Leesburg. 26,086 Warrenton. 16,151 Louisa, C. H. 8,221 Palmyra. Lunenburg, . . . 11,957 Lewistown. 14,911 Rockv Mount. 9,236 Madison. Frederick, .... 25,046 Winchester. 6,534 Point Pleasant. VIRGINIA. 259 Matthews, Mecklenburg, . Middlesex, Monongalia, . . . Monroe, Montgomery,. . Morgan, Nansemond,. . . New Kent, .... Nicholas, Norfolk, Northampton, . Northumberl'nd Nottoway, .... Nelson, Ohio, Orange, Patrick, Pendleton, .... Pittsylvania, . . Pocahontas, . . . Powhatan, .... Preston, Prince Edward, Prince George, 7,664 20,477 4,122 14,056 7,798 12,306 2,694 11,784 6,458 3,346 24,806 8,641 7,953 10,130 11,254 15,584 14,637 7,395 6,271 26,034 2,542 8,517 5,144 14,107 8,367 Matthews, C.H. Boydton. Urbanna. Morgantown. Union. Christiansburg. Bath. Suffolk. New Kent, C.H. Summersville. Portsmouth. Eastville. Heath sville. Notto\v*ay, C.H. Lovington. Wheeling. Orange, C. H Taylorsville. Franklin. Competition. Huntersville. Scottsville. Kingwood. Pr.Edward,C.Hi Pr.George,C.HJ Princess Anne, Prince William, Randolph, Richmond, Rockbridge, . . . Rockingham, . . Russell, Scott, Shenandoah, . . Southampton, . Spottsylvania, . Stafford, Surry, Sussex, Tazewell, Tyler, Warwick, Washington, . . Westmoreland, Wood, Wythe, York, Total in 1830. 9,102 9,330 5,000 6,055 14,244 20,683 6,714 5,724 11,423 16,074 15,134 9,362 7,109 12,720 5,749 4,104 1,570 15,614 8,396 6,429 12,163 5,354 1,211,375 Princess Anne, CH Brentsville. Beverly. Richmond, C.H. Lexington. Harrisonburg. Lebanon. Estillville. Woodstock. Jerusalem. Fredericksburg. Stafford, C. H. Surry, C.H. Sussex, C. H. Jeffersonville. Middlebourne. Warwick, C. H. Abington. Westmorel'd,c.H Parkersburg. Evansham. Yorktown. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1642, 20,000; in 1660, 30,000; in 1703, 60,606; in 1749, 85,000; in 1763, 170,000; viz: about 70,000 whites, and 100,000 negroes. INCREASE. SLAVES. ] NCREASE. In 1790 . . .. . 747 610 292,627 346,968 1800,. . . . . . 880,200 [f From 1790 to 1800, . . 132,590 54,341 1810,... ... 974,622 ISOOtolSlO, . . 94,422 392,518 45,550 1820,... ...1,065,366 1810 to 1820, ...1,211,375 || 1820 to 1830, . . 90,744 425,153 32,635 . . 146,009 469,724 44,571 Of the above population, there were, white Males, 347,887; white Females, 346.383; deaf and dumb, 4-2-2; blind, 230; aliens, 518: total whites, 694,270. Free colored, 47,348; Slaves, 469,757; colored deaf and dumb, 132; blind, 445; total colored, 517.105. Counties organized since the census of 1830: Fayette, Floyd, Jackson, Smyth, Page, and Rappa- hannock. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CABALS. Dismal Swamp Canal connects the Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound. It passes over the Dismal Swamp from Elizabeth to Pasquotank river ; length, 23 miles ; rises only 16J feet above the level of the Atlantic; it is 40 feet wide at the surface, and has a depth of 6 J feet. It receives the waters of a feeder from Lake Drummond of 4A- feet depth and 5 miles in length. This work has cost directly or indirectly about $800,000. James and JacJcson River Canal and Navigation. — James river admits vessels of 125 tons to Rockett's, the port of Richmond. At that city com- mence the falls or rapids, to pass which a series of short canals have been constructed. The Richmond canal enters a basin in the western side of the city ; it is 25 feet wide, and 3 deep, extends 2\ miles to where it enters the river; there are 12 locks, and the fall is 80 feet. Three miles above the first is a second short canal, with three locks overcoming 34 feet fall. These canals and locks, with other slight improvements, opened a naviga- tion at all seasons of 12 inches water to Lynchburg. The James River Company in 1825, Dec. 10th, declared a canal navigation complete to the head of the falls, called Maiden's Adventure Goochland County, 30^ 260 GENERAL VIEW OF miles above Richmond. Width of canal, 40 feet; depth of water, 3^ feet; fall overcome, 140 \ feet, and cost $623,295. There is also a canal on James river, around Irish falls, 7 miles in length, and 96 feet lockage. Cost, $340,000. The above works may be considered as the commencement of a series of improvements for the purpose of connecting the waters of James river with those of the Great Kanawha, and when completed will afford the shortest and most direct line of communication from the Ohio river to the At- lantic Ocean. To improve the channels of the Roanoke and its confluents, companies have been formed in both North Carolina and Virginia. Sloops ascend the Roanoke to Weldon, above Halifax, and the Chowan to Winton. By a report of the Virginia Roanoke Company, Dec. 1828, it appeared that the improvements had been such as to admit steamboat navigation to Salem, in Bottetourt county, west of the Blue Ridge, overcoming upwards of 900 feet fall in 244 miles, following the river channel. Danville navigation was also (1828) so greatly improved, as to admit, by a mixed series of locks, sluices, and side-cuts, a regular navigation into Rockingham county, N. C. at the village of Leaksville, 152 miles, following the bends of the river. RAIL-EOADS. The Petersburg and Roanoke Rail-road commences at Petersburg, and extends 60 miles a little west of south to Weldon, in North Carolina, and to the foot of the falls in Roanoke river. The line is very direct, gradua- tion in no place exceeding 30 feet per mile. This road being in the direct line of the principal southern travelling, will no doubt become a most im- portant link of communication, and derive great emolument from the trans- portation of travellers and merchandise. The Manchester Rail-road extends from Manchester (opposite to Rich- mond) nearly a due west course to the coal mines. Single track, length 13 miles. The Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail-road is to extend from Portsmouth (opposite to Norfolk) to Weldon, N. C. ; length, about 80 miles. The fol- lowing Rail-roads are projected, and some of them will probably be com- menced shortly : From Richmond to the Potomac river, at or near the mouth of Potomac creek, a distance of about 65 miles. From Harper's Ferry to Winchester, 27 miles; from Richmond to Lynchburg; from Lynchburg to Knoxville ; and from Lynchburg to New River. FRI3TCIP.&S. STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Washing- ton City to War- renton, N. C. To Alexandria, . . Occoquan, Dumfries, Acquia, Stafford, C.H.... Falmouth, Fredericksburg,. . Vielleboro', Bowling Green,. . Hanover, C.H.. RICHMOND,... Petersburg, Ritchiesville, Miles 7. in 9 10 4 9 1 14 9 23 20 22 20 23 32 42 46 55 56 70 79 102 122 144 164 Harrisville, Lawrenceville, . . Gholsonville, . . . White Plains, Monroe, N. C. . . Warrenton, . . . . 2. From Washing- ton City to Mil- ton, N. C. To Fredericks- burg, as in No. 1 Pottiesville, .... Gardner's ■< Roads Thompson's Y, Roads Cartersville, 168; 191 197| 205 ! 214J 229 97 118 125 Cumberland, C.H. Ca Ira, Farmville, Pr. Edward, C.H. Marysville, Halifax, C. H. . . Milton, N. C 3. From Washing- ton City to Lynch- burg, Va. To Alexandria, . . Fairfax, C. H.. . . Centreville, New Baltimore,. . Warrenton, 14 145 150 165 170 188 218 242 21 VIRGINIA. _^ 261 in fil Barboursville, . . . (i 76 25 26 15 76 Stannardsville,. . . 15 91 15 41 Orange, C.H. ... 17 93 Magaughey's T.,. Harrisonburg, . . . 22 113 Winton, N.C. ... 22 63 Barboursville, . . . 13 106 12 125 Ahosky Bridge,. . 12 75 Charlottesville,. . . 18 124 32 107 18 142 10. From Rich- 20 127 15 157 mond to Catlets- 22 149 New Glasgow,. . . 20 177 burg, Ken., via Stantonsburg, . . . 6 155 Amherst, C.H. .. 3 180 Lynchburg, 80 235 18 198 To Hallsboro',. . . 17 15 32 14. From Norfolk 4. From Washing- Cumberland, C. H. 25 57 to Wilmington, N. ton City to Win- 49 106 C.,via Washington chester, Va. 14 120 and Newbern. To Georgetown, . 1 New London, . . . 11 131 To Elizabeth City, Prospect Hill, . . . 10 11 Liberty, 15 146 as in No. 15, . . 43 25 36 17 163 By the Steam-boat Snickersville, . . . . 17 53 13 176 down the Pas- 8 61 Sweet Springs, . . 35 211 quotank river to 10 71 White Sulphur Sp. 11 10 222 232 Wade's Point, . To the mouth of 20 63 5. From Washing- 10 242 the Roanoke R. 45 108 ton to Harper's Sewell's Mountain 22 264 By land to Ply- Ferry, Va. Gauley's Bridge, . 28 292 8 116 To Leesburg, .... 31 33 325 Washington, .... 35 151 7 38 15 340 35 186 5 43 Barboursville, . . . 26 366 20 206 Harper's Ferry, . 9 52 8 374 South Washington 56 262 Catlettsburg, .... 10 384 Wilmington, .... 38 300 6. From Richmond to Blountsville, ll.FromRichmond 15. From Norfolk Ten. to Catlettsburg, to Edenton, N. C. To Flukes, as in via Lovingston, To Deep Creek, . . 9 No. 10, 163 Covington, S$c. New Lebanon, . . . 22 31 10 173 ToGoochland,C.H. 28 Elizabeth City, . . 12 43 7 180 19 20 47 67 10 10 53 63 Blountsville, as in No. 16 152 332 6 73 Edenton, N.C 15 78 Warminster, .... 9 82 7. From Richmond 8 90 1 6. From Win- to Norfolk. Lexington, ...... 40 130 chester to Blounts- To Cross Roads, . 20 Collier T 10 140 ville, Ten. New Kent, C. H.. 10 30 33 173 To Stephensburg, 9 Williamsburg,. . . 28 58 5 178 11 20 12 70 White Sulphur Sp. 16 194 11 31 22 92 10 204 New Market, .... 20 51 Norfolk, 22 114 Catlettsburg, as in Harrisonburg, . . . 18 69 No. 10, 152 356 Mount Crawford, 8 77 8. From Richmond Mount Sidney, . . . 8 85 to Tappahannock. 12. From Rich- 10 95 To Hanover T. . . 18 mond to Staunton. 12 107 Brandywine, .... 5 23 ToGoochland,C.H 28 12 119 5 28 19 47 11 130 3 31 Wilmington, .... 10 57 Natural Bridge, . . 15 145 Tappahannock, . . 19 50 Charlottesville, . . . 24 81 Pattonsburg, .... 10 155 20 101 12 167 9. From Richmond Waynesburg, .... 8 109 4 171 to Harrisonburg. 13 122 1R 189 To Montpelier, . . 23 Christiansburg, . . 27 216 23 46 13. From Norfolk, 17 233 Louisa, C.H..... 8 54 Va., to Fayette- 28 261 6 60 ville, N. C. Pleasant Hill, , , . 15 276 Gordonsville, 10 70 To Portsmouth, . . 1 Seven Mile Ford, . 18 294 1 262 GENERAL VIEW OF Abingdon, . . Blountsville, . 17. From Win- chester to Cum- berland, Md. To Pughtown,. . . Cacapon River, . . Springfield, Frankfort, Cumberland, Md. . 18. From Nor- folk to Raleigh, 'N.C. To Portsmouth,. . Suffolk, Somerton, Winton, N.C Murfreesboro', . . . Jackson, Halifax, Enfield Nashville, RALEIGH, .... 19. From Staunton to Catlettsburg, Ken. Augusta Springs, Warm Springs,. . Hot Springs, .... White Sulphur Sp. Lewisburg, 317 341 26 41 63 75 96 108 120 150 194 53 58 90 100 Catlettsburg, as in No. 10, 20. From Frede- ricksburg to Win- chester. To Falmouth, . . . Spottedville, Elk Run Church, Warrenton, Salem, Paris, Millwood, Winchester, 21. From Fairfax C. H. to Win Chester. To Aldie, Middleburg, Upperville, Paris, Millwood, Winchester, 22. From Frede- ricksburg to Char- lottesville. To Orange, C.H. Gordonsville, .... Charlottesville, . . 23. From Clarks burg to Marietta. To Lewisport, . . , Pennsboro', . . . . , 152 252 1 10 11 8 19 14 33 18 51 14 65 7 72 11 83 20 6 26 8 34 4 38 7 45 11 56 37 8 45 22 67 29 12 41 37 78 24. From Lynch- burg to Dan- ville. To Campbell, C.H. 12 14 126 26 52 24 76 25. From Lewis- burg to Newbern, via Salt Sulphur Springs. 19 Salt Sulphur Sp. . 3 22 Red Sulphur Sp. . 13 35 9 44 6 50 30 80 26. From Peters- burg to Norfolk. To Pr. George, C. H. 7 19 26 Surry, C.H. 13 39 Smithfield, 18 57 35 92 27. From Law- renceville to Hali- fax C. H. To Lombardy Grove, 27 23 50 12 62 Halifax, C.H... 33 95 L NORTH CAROLINA. In North Carolina, the first attempt by the English at colonization in America, was made. This country originally formed part of that exten- sive region which by the French was named Florida, and by the English Virginia, and included in the patent granted in 1584 to Sir Walter Raleigh, by Queen Elizabeth. Under the auspices of that nobleman, a small num- ber of adventurers were landed in 1586, who were probably cut off by the natives, as no trace of their existence could afterwards be obtained. Two or three other attempts were at different times made to establish colo- nies, which, however, proved abortive. About the year 1650, some emi- grants from Virginia made the first actual settlement of whites, and in 1661, a second English colony from Massachusetts reached and settled themselves on Cape Fear river. After many vexatious struggles, the infant colony obtained, in 1667, a representative government. But two years afterwards, it was thrown into confusion by an attempt to introduce the fanciful constitution, so famous under the name of Locke's scheme of government. This wild project was soon abandoned, and like most of the other English colonies, the advance of Carolina was slow, and its history rendered horribly memorable, by a most destructive savage war in 1712. Previous to 1717, Carolina had been a proprietary government, but after NORTH CAROLINA. 263 that period it was brought under the control of the crown, and so continued to the revolution, which separated the Carolinas, with the other American colonies, from Great Britain. In 1720 the colony of Carolina was found too unwieldy for convenient government, and was separated into two dis- tinct governments, under the relative names of North Carolina and South Carolina. In 1775, an insurrection took place of the inhabitants of the western counties, who styled themselves " Regulators," and complaining of oppressions practised in the administration of justice, professed a desire to regulate these matters by destroying the lawyers. With this charitable view, they organized themselves into a body of 1500 men, but Governor Tryon marched against them with a force of about 1000 militia, and totally defeated them ; three hundred were killed, and the rest sued for mercy. Soon after this period the contest with the mother country commenced, and although this colony had suffered perhaps less than any other from British misgovernment, the majority of the inhabitants joined heartily with their brethren of the other colonies, in opposition to the schemes of the ministry, and afterwards in the declaration of independence. During the war of the revolution, North Carolina was for a considerable time the theatre of hos- tilities, in which much blood was spilt, and where some of the most bril- liant achievements of the contest were performed. The battle of Moor's Creek bridge, King's Mountain, and Guilford Court-House, will remain in history imperishable memorials of the bravery and patriotism of its inhab- itants. Since the peace of 1783, her progress has been so tranquil as to afford but few materials for remark. North Carolina is bounded on the north by Virginia, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by South Carolina, and west by Tennessee. Length 362 miles, and breadth 121 miles ; area, 43,800 square miles, or 28,032,000 acres. The country, for more than 60 miles from the coast, is a low plain, with many swamps and inlets from the sea. The greater portion of this district, except along the. water- courses, is a vast forest, of evergreens. The rich lands near the swamps and rivers are insalubrious. Having passed this monotonous region, we emerge to the pleasant and midland parts of the State, at the base of the Alleghanies, from whose summits the eye traverses an immense extent of beautiful country to the west, and vision is lost in the agreeable succession of hill, dale, forest, and valley, with an elastic and salubrious atmosphere. The soil of North Carolina resembles that of Virginia : in the level parts it is generally poor, in the hilly country more fertile, and the productions are much the same as in the more northern States. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, and flax, are cultivated ; Indian corn is abundant throughout the whole State, and cotton is raised in considerable quantities ; tobacco, rice, and sweet potatoes, abound, and the soil and climate are favorable to the growth of the grape and mulberry. From their pines, the people extract tar, pitch, and turpentine. The exports consist of cotton, tobacco, lumber in vast quantities, tar, pitch, turpentine, &c. &c. They amounted in 1831, to 8341,140. This does not, however, present a fair estimate of exports, compared with that of the other States, as a large portion is shipped from Charleston. The gold mines of North Carolina have lately excited much interest, and with those of the other southern States, are becoming an object of national importance. The number of persons engaged in mining operations in the whole of the gold district, is estimated at upwards of 20,000 ; the weekly 264 GENERAL VIEW OF product of all the mines is supposed to be $100,000, or about 5 millions of dollars annually ; but a small proportion of this, however, is sent to the United States' mint, or remains in the country : the greater part is exported to Europe, particularly to Paris. In this State, the gold mines are princi- pally in the counties of Burke, Rutherford, Mecklenburg, Rowan, David- son, and Cabarras ; in almost any part of this district, gold may be found in greater or less abundance mixed with the soil. It exists in grains or masses from almost imperceptible particles, to pieces of one or two pounds weight ; one of the largest lumps ever found, was dug up in Cabarras a county — it was worth between 7 and 8000 dollars. Lumps from the value of 1 or 200 to 1000 dollars, are not uncommon. There are innumerable diggings over the whole country, and a host of adventurers, relinquishing all other employments, are digging the hill-sides for gold. The opening of the mines indubitably proves that they were known in past ages ; cru- cibles and other mining instruments have been repeatedly discovered under circumstances to preclude the possibility of their having been left there by descendants of the European races. This region is believed to be more abundant in gold than any other on the globe. The inhabitants of this State, in general, have a marked character for sobriety and morality, and a sturdiness of independence ; they are endeavoring to remedy past neglect of common schools, by fostering private seminaries and Sunday-schools. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. j Counties. Population County Towns. Counties. Population County Towns. Bladen, Brunswick, . . . Buncombe, .... Columbus, .... Cumberland, . . | Currituck, .... | Davidson, 8 Edgecombe, GuUfbrd | Halifax i Hyde Iredell 14,095 6,987 10,969 12,262 7,811 6,516 16,281 17,888 8,810 6,733 6,597 15,185 15,405 6,697 4,141 13,734 14,834 7,655 13,389 11,291 14,935 10.665 7,866 19,355 6,413 18,737 17,739 4,578 8,537 6,184 14,918 10,938 5,608 Wadesborough. Jefferson. Washington. Windsor. Elizabcthtown. Smithville. Asheville. Morganton. Concord. Jonesborough. Beaufort. Yancy. Pittsborough. Edcnton. Whitesville. Newbern. Fayetteville. Currituck, C.H. Lexington. Kcnansville. Tarborongh. Louisburg. Gates, C. H. Oxford. Snow Hill. Greensborougli. Halifax. Waynesville. Win ton. Hyde, C. H. Statesville. Smithfield. Trenton. Mecklenburg, . Montgomery,. . New Hanover, . Northampton, . Pasquotank, . . . Perquimans, . . Pitt, 7,723 22,455 5,333 8,539 20,07.3 10,919 7,745 8,490 10,959 13,391 7,814 23,908 8,641 7,419 10,027 12,093 12,406 9,396 9,433 12,935 20,786 17,557 11,634 16,196 14,504 4,732 20,39S 11,877 4,552 10,331 11,968 Kingston. Lincolnton. Franklin, Williamston. Charlotte. Lawrenccville. Carthage. Nashville. Wilmington. Jackson. Onslow, C. H. Hillsborough. Elizabeth City. Hertford. Roxborough. Greenville. Ashborough. Rockingham. Lumberton. Wentworth. Salisbury. Rutherfordton. Clinton. Salem. Rockford. Columbia. RALEIGH. Warrenton. Plymouth. Waynesboro'. Wilkesboro'. Richmond, .... Rockingham,. . , Rutherford, . . . Stokes, JTyrrel, Washington, . . Wilkes, Total, .... 738,470 NORTH CAROLINA. 265 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701, 5,000 ; in 1749, 45,000 ; in 1763, 95,000. In 1790,.. 393,951 1800 478,103 1810, 555,500 1820, 638,829 1830, 738,470 INCREASE. SLAVES. INCREASE. II 100,571 From 1790 to 1800, 84,152 | 133,296 1800 to 1810, 77,397 I 168,824 1810 to 1820, 83,329 205,017 1820 to 1830, 99,641 || 245,601 33,275 35,528 36,193 40,584 Of the above population of 1630, there were, white Males, 235,954; white Females, 236,889; deaf and dumb, 230; blind, 223; aliens, 206: total whites, 472,843. Free colored Males, 9,561; Females, 9,982: total, 19,543. Slaves— Males, 124,313; Females, 121,268: total, 245,601. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Dismal Swamp Canal. (See Virginia.) The North-west Canal connects North-west river (which empties into Currituck sound) with the Dismal Swamp Canal. Length, 6 miles ; width, 24 feet ; depth of water, 4 feet. Weldon Canal, constructed by the Roanoke Navigation Company, extends around the falls of the Roanoke, near Weldon, in Halifax county. By this canal a communication is established with the valleys of the rivers Dan and Staunton. Length, 12 miles, in which distance the river falls 100 feet. Chuhfoot and Harlow Canal opens a communication for small craft, between Newbern and Beaufort. The average depth of water is four feet. Other canal companies, viz. the Cape Fear, the Yadkin, the Tar River, the Neio River, and the Catawba, have done much to improve the inland navigation of the State. KAIL-ROADS. Fayetteville Rail-road. — A company was incorporated in 1831, for the purpose of constructing a rail-road from Fayetteville to Cape Fear river. Capital, $20,000. Cape Fear and Yadkin Rail-road. — Company incorporated in 1832. Capital, $2,000,000, to be divided into shares of 8100 each. This rail- road is to commence at Wilmington, and extend to the Yadkin river, by the way of Fayetteville ; thence by the way of Salisbury to Beatty's Ford, or to such other point of junction on the Catawba river, as may be found practicable. Distance from 230 to 250 miles. The work must be com- menced within three years, and completed within thirteen, under penalty of forfeiture of the charter. The State has reserved to itself the right of connecting with this, other rail-roads, leading to any other part or parts of the State. Central Rail-road. — Company incorporated in 1832. Capital, two mil- lions of dollars. This rail -road, like that above described, is intended to connect the western part of the State with the sea-board. The Petersburg Rail-road is to extend into this State to Weldon. The Portsmouth and Roanoke Rail-road is to connect Norfolk, Virginia, and Weldon. (See Virginia.) 266 GENERAL VIEW OF SHINCIPAL STAGS KOUTES. 1. From Warren- 20 135 11. From Raleigh ton to Cheraw, Hamptonville, . . . 18 153 to Newbern. S. C. Miles Miles. 24 177 To Smithjield, . . . 27 To Louishurg, . . . 27 28 205 Waynesboro 1 , .... 24 51 RALEIGH, .... 30 57 Shown's X Roads, 27 232 18 69 Averasboro', .... 36 93 11 80 25 118 Cox's bridge, .... 12 92 Randallsville, .... 25 143 6. From Salem to 28 120 14 157 Greenville, S. C. 13 170 20 14 184 33 14 53 67 12. From Tarbord" to Newbern. 39 106 a 2. From Warren- Brindletown, .... 13 119 17 2fc ton to Marion, Rutherfordton, . . . 18 137 Washington, .... 24 5C C.H. Gowansville, S. C. 37 174 35 85 To Louishurg,. . . 27 Greenville, S. C. . 22 196 RALEIGH, .... 30 57 Averasboro', .... 36 93 13. From Mur- 25 118 7. From Cheraw to freesboro' 1 to Dan- 33 151 Shown's ^ Roads, ville, Va. 10 161 S. C. 21 Marion, C.H. . . 33 194 Sneedsboro', N. C. 10 12 33 Morven, 5 15 23 56 8 23 14 7C 3. From Milton to 59 82 Williamsboro', . . 18 88 Yorkville, S. C. <58 no 10 98 13 30 140 25 123 Lenox Castle, • . . 16 29 28 168 Williamsville, . . . 11 134 25 54 Shown's |xj Roads, 27 195 8 142 28 21 82 103 8. From Fayette- Milton 10 10 159 162 18 121 ville to Lincoln- China Grove, .... 10 131 ton. 14. From Char- 13 144 Graham's Bridge, 43 lotte to Camden. 18 162 Rockingham, .... 19 62 Belle Air, S. C. . . 22 Yorkville, S. C... 35 197 21 83 Lancaster, C. H. . 18 40 12 95 Flat Rock, 16 56 4. From Raleigh 38 133 24 80 to Asheville. Huntersville, .... 12 145 To Pittsbord 1 , • . . 33 20 165 15. From Fayette- 39 72 ville to Wilming- 46 118 9. From Salisbury ton. 10 128 to Asheville. To Eliza bethtown, 38 Mount Mourne,. . 17 145 To Statesville, . . . 28 Wilmington, .... 42 80 Beattie's Ford,. . . 8 153 Hokesville, 24 52 16 169 39 91 1 6. From Char- 13 182 Pleasant Garden,. 24 115 lotte to Wilkesboro\ Rutherfordton,. . . 41 223 36 151 To Alexandriana, 13 Murraysville, .... 41 264 Mount Mourne,. . 13 26 15 279 10. From New- Statesville, ...... 20 46 bern to Smith- 33 79 5. From Raleigh ville, via Wil- to Shawn's Gross mington. 17. From Raleigh Roads. To Trentbridge, . 13 to Oxford. To Chapel Hill,.. 28 25 38 To Wake Forest, 14 13 41 Onsloiv, C.H. ... 25 63 Lemay's ^ Roads 13 27 9 50 Wilmington, .... 55 118 6 33 35 30 85 21 8 139 147 5 9 38 115| 47 SOUTH CAROLINA. 267 SOUTH CAROLINA. Nearly two centuries elapsed from the discovery of the coast of Caro- lina, before any permanent settlement was effected. The germ of the population of South Carolina, was first planted at or near Port Royal, in 1670, by a few emigrants from England, under. the direction of Win. Sayle, the first governor of the province. Dissatisfied with the situation, they removed in 1671 to the western bank of the Ashley river, and there laid the foundation of Charleston. The site was injudiciously chosen, for it could not be approached by large vessels, and it was in consequence abandoned. A second removal took place to Oyster Point, a spot at the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers, where the foundation of Charleston was laid. In 1662, Charles II. granted the whole of what is now both Carolinas to Lord Clarendon and others, which, with Locke's imperfect plan of govern- ment, retarded the settlement of the country until 1720, when the two Carolinas were definitely separated. Amid political contests, a most salu- tary addition to the products of the soil was made by the introduction of rice, in 1695. Indigo and cotton were subsequently introduced, and laid the foundation of the wealth and independence of South Carolina. Though her frontier felt the frequent and severe wounds inflicted by savage warfare, her advancement in population and prosperity was steady until the war of the revolution. In that contest South Carolina was an illustrious actor and sufferer : on her soil, several general actions of great importance to the public cause were fought, and much individual bravery and patriotism was exhibited. The battle of the Cowpens, and Eutaw Springs, may vie with any in f he revolutionary contest, for the skill and courage of the, troops, while the names of Marion, Sumter, and Lee, will occupy a prominent place in the history of their country. The distinguishing virtues of the Carolinians are hospitality to strangers, and charity to the indigent and distressed. The planters, who in general have large incomes, live in a luxurious and splendid style, devoting much of their time to the pursuit of pleasure, and possessing much of that pride and dignity of spirit, which characterize an independent country gentleman. This State is bounded on the north and north-east by North Carolina, south-east by the Atlantic Ocean, and south-west by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Sa- vannah river; it is in length 188 miles, by 160 in breadth, the area being about 30,000 square miles, or 19,251,200 acres. The principal rivers are the Waccamaw, Pedee, Black river, Santee, Cooper, Ashley, Stono, Edisto, Ashapoo, Combahee, Coosaw, Broad, and Savannah. The sea-coast is bordered with a fine chain of islands, between which and the shore, there is a very convenient navigation. The main land is by nature divided into the lower and upper country. The low country extends 80 or 100 miles from the coast, and is covered with extensive forests of pitch-pine, called pine barrens, interspersed with swamps and marshes of a rich soil : beyond this is the sand-hill region, 60 miles in width, the sterile hills of which have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. To this distance the broad extent of country is denominated the lower country ; beyond it we approach the ridge or upper country, the Atlantic ascent of which is precipitous. From the summit stretches a fine belt of table-land, fertile and well cultivated, watered by 268 GENERAL VIEW OF rivers, and irrigated by smaller streams, extending from the Savannah to Broad river. The country beyond the ridge, resembles in its scenery the most interesting of the northern States. The traveller is gratified by the pleasant alternation of hill and dale, the lively verdure of the hills is con- trasted with the deeper tints of the extensive forests which decorate their sides, and in the valleys broad rivers roll their streams through the varied beauties of luxuriant and cultivated fields. The ascent hence to the moun- tains is gradual and imperceptible. A number of mountains of striking forms, here swell with their peaks to a very considerable elevation. Table Mountain is the most conspicuous ; its summit is supposed to be 4000 feet above the level of the sea. The planters divide their soil into several classes, with distinctive names ; as the tide swamp, which yields a sea-island cotton, of nearly double the value of the upland kinds ; inland swamp, river swamp, oak and hickory land, and pine barren. The oak and hickory land is favorable to indigo and cotton. The pine barren, though the least fertile of all, is overhung by an atmosphere so much more salubrious, that much of it is cultivated ; and a sufficient portion for the planter to erect his habitation upon, is deemed an important appendage to every swamp plantation. So various is the climate, that the plants of Canada may be found on its mountains, and on its southern declivities the harder tropical fruits. The staple commodities of this State are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are annually exported. These articles have so engrossed the attention of the planters, that the culture of wheat, barley, oats, and other crops equally useful, but less profitable, have been almost wholly neglected. So little wheat is raised throughout the State, that considerable quantities are annually imported. Cotton was not raised to any considerable amount till as late as 1795. Before that period, indigo was, next to rice, the most important article of produce ; but it is now neglected. Tobacco thrives well. The exports in 1831 amounted to $6,575,201, and the imports to 61,238,163. The fruits which flourish best are pears, pomegranates, and water-melons ; the latter, in particular, grow to an enormous size, and are superior perhaps to any in the world. The other fruits are figs, apricots, nectarines, apples, peaches, olives, almonds, and oranges. The low country is infested with many of the diseases which spring from a warm, moist, and unelastic atmosphere. Of these, the most fre- quent are fevers, from which the inhabitants suffer more than from any, or perhaps from all other diseases together. The districts of the upper coun- try enjoy as salubrious a climate as any part of the United States. Dur- ing the most unhealthful period of the year, it is customary for the wealthy South Carolinians to seek relaxation in a tour through the northern States, or in a sojourn at some of the watering places in the upland country. The region in which gold is found extends through this State. Although the mines are abundant, the diggings have been less numerous than in North Carolina. Various ochres, used in painting, are found near Yorkville. Marble, limestone, iron and lead ore, potters' clay, fullers' earth, nitrous earth, talc, and most of the useful fossils, are common. The principal literary institutions of this State are the College of South Carolina, at Columbia, and Charleston College, in Charleston. The legislature makes an annual appropriation of about 840,000 for the support of free schools, of which there were in 1828, 840, with 9,036 scholars. SOUTH CAROLINA. 269 POPULATION OF DISTRICTS. Districts. Population Seats of Justice. Districts. Population Seats of Justice. 28,149 Abbeville. 20,263 Laurensville. Anderson, .... 17,169 Anderson, C. H. Lexington,. . . . 9,065 Lexington, C.H. 19,236 Barnwell, C. H. 11,008 Marion, C. H. 37,032 Coosawhatchie. [Marlborough,. . 8,582 Marlboro', C. H. Charleston, .... 86,338 Charleston. Newberry, .... 17,441 Newberry, C.H. 17,182 Chesterville. Orangeburg, . . 18,453 Orangeburg,CH Chesterfield, • . . 8,472 Chesterfield, CH 14,473 Pickens, C.H. 27,256 Walterboro'. 14,772 COLUMBIA. Darlington, . . . 13,728 Darlington,C.H. Spartanburg, . . 21,150 Spartanburg. 30,509 Edgefield, C. H. 28,277 Sumterville. 21,546 Winnsborough. 17,906 Unionville. Georgetown, . . 19,943 Georgetown. Williamsburg, . 9,018 Kingstree. Greenville, .... 16,476 Greenville, CH. York, 17,790 Yorkville. 5,245 Conwayboro'. 13,545 Camden. Total in 1830, 581,458 Lancaster, .... 10,361 Lancaster, C. H. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1701, 7,000; in 1749, 30,000; in 1750, 64,000; in 1765, 40,000 whites, and 90,000 colored. INCREASE. In 1790, 249,073 1800, 345,591 1810, 415,115 1820, 502,741 1830, 581,458 From 1790 to 1800, 96,518 1800 to 1810, 69,524 1810 to 1820, 86,626 1820 to 1830, 78,717 SLAVES. 107,094 146,151 196,365 258,475 315,365 INCREASE. 39,057 50,214 62,110 56,890 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 130,590; white Females, 127,273; deaf and dumb, 174; blind, 102; aliens, 489: total whites, 257,878. Free colored Males. 3.672; Fe- males, 4,249 : total, 7,921. Slaves— Males, 105,625 ; Females, 160,040 : total slaves, 315,305. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. Santee Canal. — This canal was completed in 1802. Length 22 miles, extending from the Santee to Cooper's river. Width at the surface of the water, 32 feet, at bottom, 20 ; depth 4 feet. From the Santee, the ground rises 35 feet to the summit-level, which is overcome by 4 locks. Towards Cooper's river the descent is 68 {kei, overcome by nine locks. The locks are 60 feet long by 10 wide. Cost $650,667. This enterprise is said to have proved disastrous to those engaged in it. By means of Dreln and Lorick's Canals, Saluda and Broad rivers, and Saluda and Columbia Canals, navigation is continued from the Santee river to Columbia. Winyaw Canal unites the Santee river with Winyaw bay. Length 10 miles. RAIL-ROADS. The Charleston and Hamburg Rail-road, extending from the city of Charleston to Hamburg, on Savannah river, opposite to Augusta, is now far advanced in its construction. The whole length of the rail-road, when completed, will be about 135 miles. It is expected that it will be entirely finished early in 1833 ; and there are now several locomotive cars employed upon it for the conveyance of passengers, and produce of various kinds. The mail, for Columbia, is conveyed on the rail-road, over the first 15 miles from Charleston. The entire cost of its construction is estimated at $700,000. It is constructed of wood, with tracks of iron, and is intended for steam locomotive engines. This rail-road was undertaken by the South — ^ : Xo — ~ * 270 GENERAL VIEW OF Carolina Canal and Rail-road Company, aided by the State. A second rail-road of about the same length, extending from Charleston to Columbia, is embraced among the objects of the company. PRINCIPAL STA0E ROUTES. 1. From Marion, 4. From Cher aw Laurensville, . . . . 34 79 C. H., to Savan- to Georgetown. 38 117 nah, Geo. Miles Miles. To Society Hill,.. 13 Merrittsville, .... 22 139 Godfrey's Ferry, . 20 Darlington, C. H. 15 28 Flat Rock, N.C.. 13 152 China Grove, .... 21 41 Mars Bluff, 21 49 Murray sville, .... 10 162 23 64 Marion, C. H. 10 59 15 177 60 124 Godfrey's Ferry, . 20 79 Jacksonborough, . 34 158 China Grove, .... 21 100 9. From Columbia 30 ■ 188 23 123 to Lincolnton, N.C. Coosawhatchie, . . 6 194 To Winnsboro\ . . 29 48 242 5. From Camden to Charleston. Chester, C.H. ... Brattonsville, .... 28 10 57 67 To Bradford Spr's 13 11 78 2. From Ckeraw 17 30 42 120 to Augusta. Vance's Ferry, . . 32 62 To Camden, .... 56 58 120 COLUMBIA, ... 33 89 10. From Augusta, Lexington, C. H. 12 101 6. From Columbia Geo.,to Greenville. 18 119 to Charleston. Calhoun's Mills, . 54 Edgefield, C. H. 28 147 To Vance's Ferry, 52 19 73 22 169 58 110 22 95 Augusta, Geo. 1 170 Anderson, C.H. . 9 104 13 117 7. From Jackson- Pickensville, .... 14 131 3. From Yorhmlle boro' to Augusta. 15 146 to Peter sburg,Geo. To Walterboro\. . 19 To Blairsville, . . . 9 Buford's Bridge, . 36 55 Pinekneyville, . . . 11 20 \Barnwell, C.H.,. . 18 73 11. FromYorJcville 15 35 LiuffMSta, Geo.,. . . 40 113 to Augusta, Geo. Cross Keys, 13 48 1 To Lau rensville, Cross Anchor, . . . 5 53^' as in No. 3, . . . 6b Lan rensville, .... 15 68 1 18. From Columbia Chappell's Ferry, 26 94 14 82 ' to Asheville. Richardsonville, . 13 107 24 106 To Countsville, . . 28 Edgefield, C.H... 17 124 Petersburg', Geo. 21 127 Newberry, C.H., . 17 45 23 147 GEORGIA. Of the thirteen provinces which declared themselves independent in 1776, Georgia was the last settled. The country lying within its present bounda ries, was, previous to the year 1733, a wilderness, and though compre hended within the charter of Carolina, had been claimed by Spain as well as England. The sufferings of the English poor, from the existing state of trade and industry, led to the first attempt at settlement in Georgia. A company was formed for the purpose of assisting such as might be disposed to emigrate in search of means of subsistence. To this company George II. by patent, dated in 1732, granted the territory which in compliment to him was called Georgia. In November of that year, 160 persons em- barked under the direction of General James Oglethorpe, and arrived at Charleston in January 1733. In the following spring, the foundation of Savannah was laid. Here the settlement commenced, but from the injudi cious system of the trustees, and perhaps the character of the settlers them- selves, the advance of this colony was exceedingly slow. In 1752, the GEORGIA. 271 charter was surrendered by the trustees to the crown, and the same privi- leges and regulations with regard to trade and commerce, that prevailed in the other colonies, was extended to Georgia. A general Representative Assembly was established in 1755, and was, in 1763, followed by a cession of all the country, between the Alatahama and St. Mary's rivers. The latter grant Avas one of the meliorating consequences to Georgia, of the cession of Florida by Spain to Great Britain. From this epoch Georgia prospered, though vexed and retarded by Indian warfare. At the com- mencement of the American revolution, she was only in the infancy of her strength, and had just begun to enjoy some of the blessings of peace, and the advantages of a better sytem of government. Her inhabitants had never experienced the evils which the tyrannical administration of the Stuarts had inflicted on the elder provinces, and knew the operation of the royal gov- ernment only by its favorable contrast with that of the trustees. Notwith- standing these motives for continuing in connexion with Great Britain, the people of this province did not hesitate to take part with their northern brethren. In March, 1775, they appointed a delegate to Congi-ess, and in July of the same year a convention of delegates assembled, by whom the sanction of the province was given to the measures of Congress. During the war which ensued, Georgia was overrun by the British troops, and the principal inhabitants were compelled to abandon their possessions, and fly into the neighboring States. In proportion to their numbers, the exertions and losses of her citizens were as great as in any of the other States. Georgia, in the early period of her existence, was slow in her progress. She has latterly had, in many respects, an advance similar to those States and territories which have been formed since the revolutionary war ; and such is her progress at present, that in population and wealth she is rapidly gaining upon the more ancient of the Atlantic States. No one of the original colonies, Virginia alone excepted, ceded to the United States so much char- tered territory. By different conventions, the whole of the States of Ala- bama and Mississippi north of lat. 31°, or about 100,000 square miles, have been yielded to the general government. This State is bounded north by Tennessee and North Carolina, north- east by South Carolina, and south-east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by Florida, and west by Alabama. Length, 300 miles ; breadth, 200 ; area, 58,000 square miles, or 39,120,000 acres. The principal rivers of Georgia are the Savannah, (which forms the boundary between it and South Caro- lina,) Alatamaha, Ogeechee, Satilla, Ockmulgee, Oconee, St. Mary's, Flint, Chattahoochee, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. The coast of Georgia, for four or five miles inland, is a salt marsh, mostly uninhabited. In front of this, to- wards the sea, there is a chain of islands of a gray, rich soil, covered in their natural state with pine, hickory, and live-oak, and yielding on cultiva- tion the finest quality of sea-island cotton. The principal are Wassaw, Ossabaw, St. Catherine, Sapelo, St. Simon's, Jekyl, and Cumberland. Be- yond the swamps which line the coast, commences that extensive range of pine-barrens closely resembling those of South Carolina ; above this range the country begins to be pleasantly diversified by gentle undulations. This region is bounded on the west by the Blue-ridge, which here swell into ele- vations 1500 feet in height, which thence subside, and are lost in the sea. Beyond the mountains is an extensive and rich table-country, with a black soil of great fertility. 272 GENERAL VIEW OF The great staple of this State is cotton, of both the black seed' and sea- island kinds. Rice is the next principal product. Great extents of rice- swamps are sowed with this gi-ain. Sugar-cane is cultivated on experiment, and indigo is beginning to constitute a considerable item in the products. Silk and wine are also made on experiment. The fruits are melons, in the greatest perfection, figs, in abundance, oranges, pomegranates, olives, lem- ons, citrons, pears, peaches, and grapes. The exports, consisting chiefly of cotton, rice, deer-skins, and lumber, amounted, in 1831, to 83,959,813, and the imports to $399,940. The minerals are iron ore, in great abun- dance, and also copper. The gold region extends in a broad belt through this State. The discoveries of this metal have been numerous and produc- tive in the late Cherokee country, on the head waters of the Chattahoochee, Coosa, and Tallapoosa rivers. The climate of Georgia differs but little from that of South Carolina. The low-country planters have their sickly season and summer retreats in the high pine woods. The districts central to the rice-swamps, in the Caro- linas and Georgia, are universally insalubrious. There are districts in this State that approach nearer to tropical temperature than any part of South Carolina, and better adapted to the sugar-cane, olive, and sweet orange. The hilly and western parts are as healthy as any in America. As an average of the temperature, winter may be said to commence in the middle of December, and terminate in the middle of February. The climate of the low country compares very nearly with that of Louisiana. This State has a Bank Capital of $6,882,349, and considerable funds for the support of academies and common schools. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Appling-, . . . Baker, Baldwin,. . . Bibb, Bryan, Bullock, . . . Burke, Butts, Camden, . . . Campbell, . . Carroll, Chatham, . . Clarke, Columbia, . . Coweta, . . . Crawford, . . Decatur, . . . DeKalb,. .. Dooly, Early, Effingham,. Elbert, Emmanuel, Fayette, . . . Franklin, . . Glynn, .... Greene, .... Gwinnett, . . Population County Towns. u 1,253 7,295 7,154 3,139 2,587 11,833 4,944 4,578 3,323 3,419 14,127 10,176 12,606 5,003 5,313 3,854 10,042 2,135 2,051 2,924 12,354 2,673 5,504 10,107 4,567 12,549 13,289 1 Holmesville. Byron. MILLEDGEVILLE. Macon. Bryan, C. H.. Statesboro'. Waynesboro'. Jackson. Jeffersonton. Campbellton. Carrollton. Savannah. Watkinsville. Applingville. Newnan. Knoxville. Bainbridge. Decatur. Berrien. Blakely. Springfield. Elberton. Swain sboro'. Fayetteville. Carnesville. Brunswick. Greensboro'. Lawrenceville. Counties. Habersham, . . . Hall, Hancock, Harris, Henry, Houston, Irwin, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jones, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Lincoln, Lowndes, Madison, Mcintosh, Marion, Mcrriwcther, . . Monroe, Montgomery, . . Morgan, Muscogee, .... Newton, Oglethorpe, . . . Pike, Pulaski, Population County Towns. 10,671 11,748 11,820 5,005 10,566 7,369 1,180 9,004 13,131 7,309 13,345 5,589 1,680 7,233 6,145 2,453 4,646 4,998 1,436 4,422 16,202 1,269 12,046 3,508 11,155 13,618 6,149 4,906 Clarksville. Gainesville. Sparta. Hamilton. McDonough. Perry. Irwinville. Jefferson. Monticello. Louisville. Clinton. Dublin. Pinderton. Riceborough. Lincolnton. Franklinville. Danielsville. Darien. Maricnville. Greenville. Forsyth. Mount Vernon. Madison. Columbus. Covington. Lexington. Zebulon. Pulaski. GEORGIA. 273 13,261 Eatonton. 8,031 Marion. 2,176 Clayton. 7,013 Thomaston. 2,191 Cuthbert. 10,929 Monroe. Richmond, .... 11,644 Augusta. Ware, 1,205 Waresboro'. 4,776 Jacksonboro'. 10,946 Warren ton. Talbot, 5,940 Talbotton. Washington, . . 9,820 Sanders ville. Taliaferro, .... 4,934 Grawfordsville. 963 Waynesville. 2,040 Tatnall, C. H. Wilkes, 14,237 Washington. Telfair, 2,136 Jacksonville. Wilkinson, . 6,513 Irwinton. 3,299 5,799 Thomasville. La Grange. Total in 1830, 516,567 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1749, 6,00.0 1790, 82,548 1800, 162,686 1810, 252,433 1820, 348,989 1830, 516,567 INCREASE. From 1790 to 1800, 80,138 1800 to 1810, 89,747 1810 to 1820, 88,456 1820 to 1830, 165,578 217,470 67,814 SLAVES. 29,264 59,699 105,218 149,656 30,435 45,519 44,438 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 153,236; white Females, 143,378; deaf and dumb, 147; blind, 143; aliens, 86: total whites, 296,614. Free colored Males, 1,256; Females, 1,227 : total, 2,483. Slaves— Males, 108,946 ; Females, 108,524 : total, 217,470. The following Counties have been organized in this State since 1830: Cass, Cherokee, Cobb, Floyd, Forsyth, Gilmer, Heard, Lumpkin, Murray, Paulding, Stewart, Sumter, Union, and Walker. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. Savannah and Ogeechee Canal. — This canal was constructed by the Savannah, Ogeechee, and Alatamaha Company. The work was com- menced in 1825, and completed in 1829. It extends from the city of Sa- vannah to Ogeechee river, 16 miles, uniting the waters of the Ogeechee with those of the Savannah. Width at the bottom, 33 feet ; depth of water, 5 feet; lockage, 29 feet. The locks are 90 feet long by 18 wide. Cost, as estimated, $162,276; of the stock, $40,000 were subscribed by the State of Georgia. It is proposed to continue this canal to the Alatamaha, the distance of 60 miles, with a navigable feeder of 14 miles. Estimated cost, $621,156. RAIL-ROADS. The Alatamaha and Brunswick Rail-road, extending from the Alata- maha to Brunswick, is about 12 miles in length. Company incorporated in 1831. Commenced in 1832. Several important rail-roads have been projected, and companies organ- ized for their construction ; the principal of them are as follows, viz. 1. From Savannah to Macon, on the Ocmulgee river, a distance of about 170 miles. 2. From Macon to Forsyth, upwards of 20 miles. This road is intended to connect with the former, so as to afford a continuous railway communi- cation with Savannah, the whole distance being upwards of 190 miles. 3. From Augusta to Columbus, on the Chattahoochee river. This road is to be carried through Milledgeville, Macon, &c. ; lateral branches are to be constructed to various places on each side of the main trunk ; the dis- tance between the extreme points is about 210 miles. 4. From Augusta to Heshman's Lake, 50 miles. 274 GENERAL VIEW OF PRINCIPAL STAGS ROUTES. 1. From Augusta to Fort Mitch- ell. To Warrenton, Powelton, Sparta, MILLEDGEVILLE, . Pittsburg, .... Clinton, Macon, Knoxville, .... Columbus, .... Fort Mitchell, . 2. From Augusta to Covington. To Powelton, as in No. 1, White Plains, . . . Greensboro'', Kingston, Madison, Newbern, Covington, 3. From Augusta to Carnesville. To Lincolnton, . . Goshen, Petersburg - , Buckcrsville, . . . Elbertori, Bowersville, Carnesville, Miles 41 1:2 1.3 24 8 1~> 16 25 60 in 53 66 90 98 113 129 154 214 224 64 76 84 97 123 12 55 62 74 85 110 120 From Augusta to Monroe. To Applington, . . Wrightsboro 1 , . . . Washington, .... Centreville, Lexington, .... 1 . Athens, Monroe 5. From Milledge- ville to Athens. To Fairfield, . . . Eatonton, Madison, Salem, Watkinsville, . . . Athens, 6. From Milledge- ville to Talla- hassee, F. T. To Irwinton, .... Marion, Hartford, Berrien, Pinderton, Bainbridge, Quincy, F. T. . . . Salubrity, TALLAHASSEE, From Savannah to Augusta. Effingham, C.H.. 27 14 41 15 56 12 68 13 81 13 94 25 119 14 8 22 22 44 14 58 11 69 7 76 20 20 40 30 70 25 95 37 132 66 198 35 233 9 242 14 256 27 Jacksonboro\ Mill Haven, . Augusta, . . . 8. From Peters burg to Milledge ville. To Danburg, Washington, Powelton, . . . Sparta, M1LLEDGEV1LL1 9. From Savannah to Macon. Great Ohoopee Bridge Dublin, Marion, Macon, 10. From Savan- nah to Darien. Riceboro\ Darien, 11. From Augusta to Monticello. To Sparta, as in No. 1 Mount Zion, Eatonton, Mount Horeb, . . . Monticello, 66 77 119 121 158 173 63 72 97 109 117 FLORIDA. The name of Florida was imposed by the discoverer, Juan Ponce de Leon, from having made the coast on Pasque Florida, (Palm Sunday,) in 1512. When first used, and for a long period afterwards, the name was general in Spanish literature^ not only for that region to which it is at pres- ent applied, but for the whole Atlantic coast of North America. The flat- tering description given by the discoverer of this territory, excited a dispo- sition among the European sovereigns to appropriate it to themselves. Hence arose conflicting claims, founded in the first instance upon discovery, and afterwards upon conquest and possession. The first attempt to form a civilized colony in Florida, was made by the French, in 1562, under Fran- cis Ribault ; but the colonists were, in 1565, surprised and massacred by the Spaniards. This massacre was severely revenged by a French expe- dition ; but the Spaniards remained masters of the country, and founded, about the same period, the city of St. Augustine. In 1699, West Florida was settled, and the city of Pensacola founded. Though often invaded by French and English armaments, it remained a part of Spanish America FLORIDA. 275 until 1763, when it was ceded to Great Britain. Soon after the cession, the province was divided into two parts, called East and West Florida. The river Appalachicola being the boundary between them, by a proclamation inviting settlers to the country, holding forth liberal inducements, many respectable persons were induced to emigrate, in consequence thereof, from the Carolinas and other British settlements ; and among other colonists, a body of 1500 Greeks, Italians, and Minorcans were brought from the Mediterranean, and settled at a spot about 60 miles south of St. Augustine, where they began the cultivation of indigo and the sugar-cane. In 1781, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana, Don Galvez, conquered West Florida ; and by the treaty of Paris, 1783, the whole of both pro- vinces were ceded by Great Britain to Spain. A negotiation, which had been for a long time pending for the transfer of the whole territory to the United States, was consummated by treaty in 1819, and after many vexatious delays, was ratified by Spain in October, 1820, and immediately afterwards Florida was taken possession of by the American authorities, and erected into a territorial government ; since which period it has continued to be an integral portion of the American Republic. Florida is bounded north by Alabama and Georgia, from the last of which it is separated in part by the river St. Mary's ; cast by the Atlantic Ocean ; south and west by the Gulf of Mexico. Formerly the name of Florida was applied to the whole country east of the Mississippi, and bounded on the north as follows : By the river St. Mary's, from the sea to its source ; thence west, to the junction of the Flint river with the Appalachicola ; then up the Appalachicola to the parallel of 31° north latitude; then due west along that parallel to the Mississippi. The river Appalachicola divided this country into East and West Florida. The part lying between the Missis- sippi and Pearl river is now included in the State of Louisiana ; the part between Pearl river and the Perdido, belongs to the States of Mississippi and Alabama ; and the part east of the Perdido is the country that is now called Florida. Its mean length, from north to south, is 380 miles, and the mean breadth 150, the area being 57,750 square miles, or 36,960,000 acres. The surface of Florida is in general level, and not much elevated above the sea. It is intersected by numerous ponds, lakes, and rivers, of which the principal are the St. John's, Appalachicola, Suwanee, Ocklockony, Choc- tawhatehie, Escambia, and Yellow-Water rivers. The southern part of the peninsula is a mere marsh, and terminates at Cape Sable in heaps of sharp rocks, interspersed with a scattered growth of shrubby pines. The gulf stream setting along the coast has here worn away the land, forming those islands, keys and rocks, known by the general name of Martyrs, and by the Spaniards called cayos, between which and the main land is a navi- gable channel. These islands contain some settlements and many good harbors. The eddies which set towards the shore from the gulf stream cause many shipwrecks on this part of the coast, furnishing employment to the Bahama wreckers. The rivers and coasts of Florida yield a variety of fish, among which are the sheepshead, mullet, trout, and bass, and abundance of shell-fish, as oysters, shrimps, crabs, &c. The soil of Florida is in some parts, especially on the banks of the rivers, equal to any in the world ; in other parts, it is indifferent ; and there are large tracts which are represented to be of little value. The country, however, has been but im- perfectly explored, and few agricultural experiments have been made. Much 276 GENERAL VIEW OF of the land, which, on a superficial view, has been supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is believed may be turned to very profitable account. Owing to its proximity to the sea on both sides, this peninsula has a milder climate than the country to the west of it, in the same latitude. The productions are corn, rice, potatoes, cotton, hemp, olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits, and it is supposed that coffee and the sugar-cane will flourish here. The pine-barrens produce grass, which supports an. immense number .of cattle. The forests yield fine live-oak, pitch, tar, and turpentine, and lum- ber has been exported for nearly a century. The climate, from October to June, is generally salubrious ; but the months of July, August, and Sep- tember, are extremely hot and uncomfortable ; and during this season, fevers are prevalent. At St. Augustine, however, the climate is delightful, and this place is the resort of invalids. The capes are Cannaveral, Florida, Sable, Romans, and St. Bias. The principal lakes are Lake Macaco and Lake George. The principal bays are Pensacola, Santa Rosa, Appalachie, Tampa, Hillsborough, Charlotte Harbor, and Chatham Bay. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Popula- tion. County Towns. Counties. Popula- tion. County Towns. 2,204 1,970 9,468 4,895 553 Dells. Jacksonville. Pensacola. Marianna. Alaqua. Holmes' Valley. Quincy. Miccotown. 3,312 6,494 525 517 733 1,511 2,538 34,720 Monticello. Escambia, .... "1 Washington, . . J Total in 1830, Hickstown. Key West. Timoka. Fernandina. St. Augustine. Of the foresroing population, there were, white Males, 10,226; white Females, 8,149; deaf and dumb, 5; blind, 2. Total whites, 18,375.— Free colored, 844; Slaves, 15,501; deaf and dumb, 3. Total colored, 16,345. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. A canal across the peninsula of Florida, has for some years been con- sidered an object of national importance, and would greatly facilitate the transmission of the immense amount of produce and merchandise, con- stantly passing and repassing between the sea-ports on the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic region of the United States. It is believed the loss to the country in vessels and merchandise, occasioned by the dangerous naviga- tion among the Bahama islands, and around the southern point of Florida, has, in some years, amounted to a sum sufficient of itself to pay the ex- pense of making the proposed canal. Several routes have been surveyed by officers of the United States' Engineer Department ; the particular loca- tion, however, is as yet undecided. The Appalachicola route extends from St. Mary's river, 3 miles above the town of St. Mary's, passing through Nassau, Columbia, and Hamilton counties in nearly a westerly direction, crosses the Suwanee river, at the mouth of the Withlacoochee, thence across the Oscilla river, and from thence it pursues a south-west course to Appalachicola Bay, opposite the town of Appalachicola; length, about 250 miles : its greatest altitude, 217 feet, is found between the Ocklockony and Oscilla rivers. The Suwanee route commences at the mouth of the Withlacoochee river, thence parallel with the course of the Suwanee to the Indian Cowpens ; FLORIDA. 277 length, 75 miles ; and in connexion with the former, the entire length to St. Mary's river will he about 185 miles. The Santa Fe route commences at the mouth of the Santa Fe river, thence along the course of that stream to a point 15 miles above the Natu- ral Bridge : thence it pursues a north-east direction across the territory, (passing about 5 miles west of Jacksonville, on the St. John's river, to the St. Mary's river. Length, about 120 miles. The St. John's route runs from Hillsboro' Bay, a north-east course to the head of the Ocklawaha river, thence along the course of that stream to Orange Lake, from thence following the direction of the Jacksonville and Tampa Bay road, until it intersects Black Creek, then down the valley of that stream to the St. John's river, thence across that river, and in a direct north-east course to the mouth of Pablo Creek. Length, 225 miles. It is proposed shortly to open a communication between the Atlantic sec- tion of the Union and New Orleans, by a steam-boat navigation, from Charleston or Savannah, to Jacksonville on the St. John's river, thence by a line of stages across the peninsula to St. Mark's, or Appalachie Bay, and from thence to New Orleans, by steam vessels. The distances from New York by this route, will be about as follows : To Charleston, by steam- ship, 800 miles; to Jacksonville, 260 by stages ; to St. Mark's, 180 ; and to New Orleans, by steam-boat, 400 miles. Total, 1,630 miles. This can probably be travelled in 11 or 12 days, and will afford a more rapid and less fatiguing conveyance than any route now in use. ALABAMA. Although but recently settled, the country forming this State was proba- bly visited by Europeans at an early period; in 1539, Ferdinand de Soto, governor of Cuba, landed in Florida, with a considerable body of men, and led them into the interior of the .country in quest of gold : he appears to have encountered many difficulties, and to have traversed a great extent of country ; and after experiencing numerous romantic adventures, he died on the banks of the Mississippi, 3 years after he landed. From this period a term of 170 or 180 years elapsed, during which time it is not known that any attempt was made by Europeans, to penetrate or settle any part of the country immediately east of the Mississippi river. Early in tne eigh- teenth century the French, in forming the colony of Louisiana, made small settlements on Mobile river, and built a fort where the city of Mobile now stands ; but a large share of what is at present Alabama, remained in possession of the native Indians for about a century after the founding of Louisiana. The original charter of Georgia covered the whole region from 31° to 35° north latitude. In 1802, a cession was made by Georgia to the United States, of all her western territory between the Chattahoo- chee and Mississippi rivers. In 1800, the country which now forms the States of Mississippi and Alabama, was erected into a territorial govern- ment under the title of the Mississippi Territory, which continued a distinct section of the Union until March 1817, when by act of Congress it -was divided into two portions, the western section assuming the title of the State of Mississippi, and the eastern that of the Territory of Alabama. The 278 GENERAL VIEW OF increase of population in the latter was so rapid as to entitle it to admission into the Union as a State government in 1818, and application being made to Congress, a law was in consequence passed, empowering the people of Alabama to form a constitution, which being ratified by the national legis- lature, the State became a member of the Federal Union. During the years 1813 and '14, the people of this State were exceedingly harassed by the incursions of hostile Indians, principally Creeks and Seminoles. Many flourishing settlements were broken up, and numerous massacres and savage murders perpetrated. To repel the ruthless foe, a considerable force was immediately raised by the State of Tennessee, which, with other troops, were placed under the command of Gen. Jackson, who, after a series of sanguinary and obstinately contested conflicts, entirely broke the power of the savages, and, reducing them to total submission, the settle- ments in the eastern and southern districts of the State were freed from those harassing inroads by Avhich their progress had been impeded ; since that period the increase of population and wealth here, has been uncom- monly rapid, and hardly to be paralleled in any section of the Union. The State of Alabama is bounded north by Tennessee, east by Georgia, south by Florida, and west by the State of Mississippi. Length 280 miles ; breadth 160 miles; area 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. The principal rivers are the Alabama, Tombeckbe, Black Warrior, Coosa, Tallapoosa, Tennessee, Chatahoochee, Perdido, and Cahawba. The southern part of the country, which borders on the Gulf of Mexico and West Florida, for the space of 50 miles wide, is low and level, covered with pine, cypress, and loblolly ; in the middle it is hilly, with some tracts of open land ; the northern part is somewhat broken and mountainous, and the country generally is more elevated above the sea, than most other parts of the United States at equal distance from the ocean. The Alle- ghany mountains terminate in the north-east part. The forest trees in the middle and northern part consist of black and white oak, hickory, poplar, cedar, chestnut, pine, mulberry, &c. Alabama possesses great diversity of soil, climate, natural, vegetable, and mineral productions. Occupying the valley of the Mobile, and its tributary streams, together with a fine body of land on both sides of the Tennessee river, its position in an agricultural and commercial point of view is highly advantageous. A considerable portion of that part of the State which lies between the Alabama and Tombeckbe, of that part watered by the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and of that on the Tennessee, consists of very excellent land. On the margin of many of the rivers there is a con- siderable quantity of cane-bottom land, of great fertility, generally from a half to three quarters of a mile wide. On the outside of this, is a space which is low, wet, and intersected by stagnant water. Next to the river swamp, and elevated above it ten or fifteen feet, succeeds an extensive body of level land of a black, rich, soil, with a growth of hickory, black-oak, post-oak, dog-wood, poplar, &c. After this come the prairies, which are wide-spreading plains of level, or gently waving land, without timber, clothed with grass, herbage, and flowers, and exhibiting in the month of May the most enchanting scenery. Cotton is the staple of the State. Other productions are corn, rice, wheat, rye, oats, &c. The sugar-cane, the vine, and the olive, it is sup- posed, may be cultivated with success. Coal abounds on the Cahawba, ALABAMA. 279 the Black Warrior, &c. ; and valuable iron ore is found in some parts of the State. The climate of the southern part of the bottom land bordering on the rivers, and of the country bordering on the Muscle Shoals, is unhealthy. In the elevated part of the country the climate is very fine ; the winters are mild, and the summers pleasant, being tempered by breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. The University of Alabama, at Tuscaloosa, is a new but well-endowed institution. It was incorporated in 1820, by an act of the State legislature. By an act of Congress, March 1819, one section of land, containing 640 acres, was granted to the inhabitants of each township for the use of schools, and 72 sections, or two townships, for the support of a seminary of learning. The funds of the university consist of the proceeds of these lands. There have been 24 academies incorporated in the State, up to 1832. By an act of Congress, March 2, 1819, it was provided that 5 per cent, of the neat proceeds of all the sales of public lands in this State, made subsequently to September 1, 1819, should be reserved for making public roads and canals, and improving the navigation of rivers. Three-fifths of the amount were directed to be applied to these objects within the State, and two-fifths to the making of a road or roads leading to the State, under the direction of Congress. This act gave rise to what is commonly called the " Three per cent. Fund," which has been vested in the bank of the State of Alabama; and it amounted, according to the report of the State Treasurer, on the 26th of November, 1829, to 896,355 77. A board of internal improvement, to consist of six commissioners, was established by the general assembly in January 1830, under whose superintendence the income of this fund is to be appropriated to objects of public utility, as roads, canals, &c. On the 23d of May, 1828, Congress made a grant to this State of 400,000 acres of relinquished and unappropriated lands, for improving the navigation of the Muscle Shoals, and Colbert Shoals, in Tennessee, and likewise for improving the navigation of the Coosa, Ca- hawba, and Black Warrior rivers. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Autauga, . . . Baldwin, Bibb, Blount, .... Butler, Clarke, .... Conecuh, . . Covington, . Dale, Dallas, .... Fayette, . . . Franklin, . . Greene, .... Henry, .... Jackson, . . . Jefferson, . . Lauderdale, Lawrence, . Limestone, . Population County Towns 874 32 1 306 ■233 650 595 444 522 031 017 .517 078 ,026 ,020 00 ,855 ,781 ,984 ,807 Washington. Blakely. Centreville. Blountsville. Greenville. Clarksvillc. Sparta. Montezuma. Dale, C. H. Cabawba. Fayette. Russellville. Erie. Columbia. Bellefonte. Ely ton. Florence. Moulton. Athens. Lowndes, Madison, Marengo, Marion, Mobile, Monroe, Montgomery, . . Morgan, Perry, Pickens, Pike, St. Clair, Shelby, Tuscaloosa, . . . Walker, Washington, . . Wilcox, Total, in 1830, Population County Towns. 9,410 Lowndes, C. H. 27,990 Huntsville. 7,700 Linden. 4,05S',Pikeville. 6,267 Mobile City. 8,782 Claiborne. 12,695'Montgomery. 9,062|Somerville. 11,490 Marion. 6,622Pickens. 7,108 Monticello. 5,975 Ashville. 5,704 i Shelbyville. 13,646] TUSCALOOSA. 2,202 Walker, C.H. 3,474| Washington. 9,548 Canton. 309,5271 280 GENERAL VIEW OF POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1810, less than 10,000; in 1816, 29,683; in 1818, 70,542 In 1820, 127,901 1827, 244,041 1830, 309,527 INCREASE. SLAVES. 41,879 INCREASE. 93,008 51,129 1820 to 1830, ..181,626 117,549 24,541 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 100,846; white Females, 83,560; deaf and dumb, 89; blind, 68; aliens, 65: total whites, 190.406. Free colored Males, 844; Females, 728: total, 1,572. Slaves— Males, 59,170; Females, 58,379: total, 117,549. The following Counties have been organized in this State, since the censusof 1830, viz : Barbour, Benton Chambers, Coosa, Macon, Randolph, Russell, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS RAIL-ROADS. Tennessee and Alabama Hail-road. — Company incorporated in 1832. Capital, 83,000,000, to be divided into shares of $100 each. It is known that a population of at least 200,000 already inhabit the counties bordering on the Upper Tennessee and its tributaries, and that they have no market, or outlet for their products, but the long, expensive, and almost imprac- ticable route to New Orleans. The country embraces about 40 counties, in Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia ; and it is not inferior in fertility to other portions of the States to which it belongs. The Hiwassee is a considerable stream, rising in the mountains of Geor- gia, and, running a north-westerly course, discharges itself into the Ten- nessee above the Suck. For more than 22 miles it is navigable for steam- boats at all seasons of the year. Commencing at the head of steam-boat navigation on the Hiwassee, it is proposed to construct a rail-road to M'Nair's boat-yard, on the Connesauga, an upper branch of the Coosa, distant 16 miles. Cost, estimated at 851,000. From M'Nair's boat-yard, descend- ing the Connesauga to New Echota, a good navigation for tow-boats, drawing two feet of water, may be perfected at an expense of $8,000. Echota may be considered the limit of steam navigation. The river then takes the name of the Oostenaula, and, for the space of 60 miles, descend- ing to the head of the Coosa, every obstacle to an uninterrupted navigation may be removed for $5,000. Thence to the Ten Islands, 105 miles, all obstructions may be removed for $1,000, making, in all, 271 miles of communication to be effected at the expense of $65,000. From the Ten Islands to Selma, in Alabama, the distance is 105 miles, and it is proposed to connect these points by a rail-road, the estimated cost of which is $735,000. Making the aggregate distance from the Tennessee to Selma, on the Alabama, 371 miles, and to Mobile 600 miles; and the whole cost of the improvements $800,000. The Tuscumbia Rail-road, which was begun in 1831, was constructed in order to avoid the Muscle Shoals, and extends from Tuscumbia to De- catur. It consists of a single track of rails, and cost about $3,500 a mile. A company has also been incorporated to construct a rail -road from Montgomery to the Chattahoochee, opposite to Columbus, Georgia. Another rail-road has been lately projected to extend from Montgomery to West-Point, on the Chattahoochee, about 40 miles above Columbus, the length of which will be upwards of 90 miles. ALABAMA. PRIBTCIP.aiL STAGS HO" 281 1. From Hunts ville to Tuscaloosa, via Somerville. ToTriana,.... . Decatur, Somerville, Blount Spring, . . Elyton, Jonesboro', Buckland, TUSCALOOSA, 2. From Hunts- ville to Tuscaloosa, via Blountsville. To Whitesburg, . Blountsville, .... Village Springs, . Elyton, Jonesboro', Buckland, TUSCALOOSA, 3. From Hunts- ville to Florence. To Athens, Rog-ersville, Masonvillc, Florence, 4. From Hunts- villeto Tuscumbia. To Mooresville, . . Decatur, Courtland, Lehighton, Tuscumbia, .... 5. From Tusca- loosa to Montgom- ery, via Selma. To Carthage, .... Miles Miles, 10 16 26 13 39 40 79 30 109 8 117 8 125 32 157 10 45 55 26 81 24 105 8 113 8 121 32 153 25 20 45 10 55 15 70 20 9 29 21 50 14 64 10 74 20 Havannah, Greensboro', . . . Marion, Selma, Vernon, > Washington, . . , Montgomery, . . . 6. From Tusca- loosa to Mobile. To Greenesboro\ . Demopolis, Linden, Gayville, Pineville, Coffeeville, Washington, C. H. Mount Vernon, . . Mobile, 7. From Tusca- loosa to Mont- gomery, maCen- treville. To Mars, Centreville, Maplesville, Coosauda, ....... Montgomery, .... 8. From Columbus to Tuscaloosa. To Pickensville, . . TUSCALOOSA, 9. From Tuscum- bia to Doak's Stand. To Russellville,. . Pike ville, Columbus, Mi. . . . 29 46 64 89 115 125 135 62 73 93 114 127 138 181 218 39 63 110 119 Choctaw Agency, Doak's Stand, . . , 10. From Fort Mitchell to Mo- bile. To Mount Meigs, Montgomery, .... Hickory Grove, . . Greenville, Hemphill, Burnt Corn, Taitsville, Blakely, Mobile, 11. From Mont- gomery to Cla borne. To Burnt Corn, as in No. 10,. Claiborne, . From Blakely to Pensacola, F. T. 13. From Colum- bus, ML, to Mont gomery. To Mount Zion, . Pickensville, Vienna, Clinton, Springfield, Erie, Greensboro', Marion, Selma, Vernon, Washington, Montgomery, 93 139 231 90 118 142 163 188 230 264 275 122 G7 23 37 49 69 83 100 118 143 169 179 189 MISSISSIPPI. The whole country now included in the States of Mississippi and Ala- bama, was claimed by France as a part of Louisiana, from their first set- tlement on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. In 1716, a colony of French established themselves among the Natchez Indians, and built a fort where the city of Natchez now stands. In 1729, this colony, together with two settlements on the Yazoo and Washita rivers, amounting to about 700 per- sons, were, with the exception of three or four individuals, massacred by the Natchez and Chickasaws. White settlements were afterwards partially renewed, but the country remained in great part a wilderness, until after 1763, when the whole of the territory east of the Mississippi river, claimed by France, \vas ceded to Great Britain. In the succeeding year, the latter power took possession of the posts within the ceded territory, and notwith- 282 GENERAL VIEW OF standing the hostile spirit displayed by the natives, the English directed their attention to the country, and began to settle about Natchez. By the treaty of 1783, Great Britain relinquished the Floridas to Spain without any specific boundaries, and at the same time ceded to the United States all the country north of the thirty-first degree of north latitude. The terms of this cession opened an ample field of dispute between the United States and Spain, which continued to agitate the two nations for several years. The Spaniards retained possession of Natchez, and the posts north of the thirty-first degree, until 1798, when they finally abandoned them to the United States. In the year 1800, the territory between the river Missis- sippi and the western boundary of Georgia, was erected into a distinct territo- rial government. By treaty in 1801, at Fort Adams, the Choctaw Indians relinquished to the United States a large tract of land ; and other cessions have since been made. On the 1st of March, 1817, an act of Congress was passed, authorizing the inhabitants of the western part of the Missis- sippi territory to form a Constitution and State Government, and providing for the admission of the State thus formed into the Union. Accordingly, a convention met in July, 1817, by which a State Constitution was formed; and the provisions required by the act of Congress having been complied with, the new State of Mississippi became a member of the Confederation in December following. The State of Mississippi is bounded on the north by Tennessee, east by Alabama, south by the Gulf of Mexico and Louisiana, west by Louisiana and Arkansas territory. It is about 300 miles in average length, and 160 in breadth ; area, about 48,000 square miles, and from about 28 to 30,000,000 1 acres. The principal rivers are the Mississippi, Pearl, Pascagoula, Yazoo, Black, Tennessee, and the western branches of the Tombeckbe. The Mississippi forms the western boundary from lat. 31° to 35° N. ; 308 miles in a right line, but by the course of the river near 700 miles. The southern part of the State, extending about 100 miles north from the Gulf of Mexico, is mostly a champaign country, with occasional hills of moderate elevation, and is covered with forests of the long-leaved pine, interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes. A considerable portion of this part is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is generally sandy, sometimes gravelly and clayey. It is capable of pro- ducing cotton, corn, indigo, sugar, garden vegetables, plums, cherries, peaches, figs, sour oranges, and grapes. In proceeding north, the face of the country becomes more elevated and agreeably diversified. The growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, oak, black walnut, sugar-maple, buckeye, elm, hackberry, &c, and the soil is exceedingly fertile, producing abundant crops of cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, garden vegetables, and fruit. Nearly all the country watered by the Yazoo, is described as incomparably fertile, well watered, and healthful. Cotton is the staple production of the State. Peaches and figs are the fruits most easily produced. Apples, plums, lemons, and oranges, are common. The climate is temperate, and in the elevated parts generally healthful. The local situation of this state, the fertility of its soil, the temperature of its climate, and the value of its productions, will doubtless cause it to re- main an important part of the Union. MISSISSIPPI. 283 The Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians possess a large portion of the ter- ritory of this State, embracing the northern and eastern parts. The tracts possessed by these tribes, comprise some of the finest parts of the State, abounding with extensive and beautiful prairies. The Choctaws and Chick- asaws have well cultivated fields, and great numbers of horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep. Many of them are mechanics, and their women spin and make cloth. There are 8 banks and branches in this State ; viz. 3 at Natchez, 1 at Port Gibson, 2 at Vicksburg, 1 at Woodville, and 1 at Rodney. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Adams,. . . Amite, . . . Claiborne, Copiah, . . . Covington, Franklin, . Greene, . . . Hancock, . Hindes, . . . Jackson, . . Jefferson, .. Jones, .... Lawrence, Lowndes, . Population County Towns. 14,937 7,934 9,787 7,001 2,551 4,622 1,854 1,962 8,645 1,792 9,755 1,471 5,293 3,173 Natchez. Liberty. Port Gibson. Gallatin. Williamsburg. Meadville. Leaksville. Pearlington. ^ JACKSON, ( Raymond, Jackson, C. BE. Fayette. Ell'isville. Monticello. Columbus. Counties Madison, .... Marion, Monroe, Perry, Pike, Rankin, Simpson, .... Warren, Washington, . Wayne, Wilkinson,. . . Yazoo, Total, .... 136,806 Population County Towns. 4,973 3,691 3,861 2,300 5,402 2,083 2,680 7,861 1,976 2,781 11,686 6,550 Livingston. Columbia. Hamilton. Augusta. Holmesville. Brandon. Westville. Vicksburg. Princeton. Winchester. Woodville. Benton. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. INCREASE. SLAVES. In 1820, 75,448 I II 32,814 1830, 136,806 | From 1820 to 1830, 61,358 || 65,659 32,845 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 38,466 ; white Females, 31,977 ; deaf and dumb, 29; blind. 25 : total whites, 70,4-13. Free colored Males, 288 ; Females, 231 : total, 519. Slaves— Males, 33,099; Females, 32,560: total, 05,659. The following counties have been organized since 1830:— Atala, Carroll, Choctaw, Clark, Holmes, Jasper, Kemper, Lauderdale, Leake, Nashoba, Noxubbee, Oaktibbeha, Scott, Smith, Tallahatchee, Winston, and Yalobusha. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. A Board of Internal Improvement was organized by the Legislature in 1829, consisting of the Governor and three Commissioners. The Board was authorized to employ a civil engineer, and to negotiate a loan of the sum of 8200,000 upon the credit of the State, to be appropriated to the improvement of the navigable streams and public roads within the State. By an act of Congress, passed March 1, 1817, five per cent, of the neat proceeds of the sales of public lands within the State were reserved for making roads and canals ; and three-fifths of this (called the three per cent, fund) are subject to appropriation by the State Legislature to those objects within the State ; the other two-fifths are at the disposal of Con- gress for roads leading to the State. RAIL-ROADS. A Rail-road is projected from Woodville, in this State, to St. Francis- ville, in Louisiana. Three routes have been surveyed, and one of them selected for the greater portion of the distance. Length, 28 miles. Cost, estimated at a little less than $6,000 a mile. The principal part of the above tribes have left the State, and the remainder are expected to remove in the course of the present season. 284 GENERAL VIEW OF A route for a rail-road has also been surveyed from Vichsburg, in War- ren county, to Clinton, in Hindes county, the distance of about 55 miles. The books have been opened, and a large part of the stock taken. No doubt is entertained of its going into operation. There is a " Pass," from the Mississippi river, near St. Helena, to the Yazoo river, about 100 miles above the mouth of the latter, which is about to be opened at a comparatively trivial expense. Boats navigating the Mis- sissippi, by taking this course, will save about 50 miles ; but still more will be gained in ascending, as the current of the Mississippi will be avoided. ^EINCIPAi STAM HOUTBS. 1. From Columbus to New Orleans, La. Choctaw Agency, Doak's Stand, . . . Madisonville, JACKSON,... . Clinton, Raymond, Rocky Spring,. . . Port Gibson, .... 22 92 114 18 132 28 160| 10 170 9 179 30 2091 11 220! Fayette, Washington, Natchez, Woodville, Laurel Hill, La.. . St. Francisville,. . Baton Rouge, Manshac, Ibenille, or St. Gabriel 1 s Church . Donaldsonville, . . 7 227; 25 252 6 258 36 294 15 309 14 323 29 362 12 374 7 381 22 403 Bringiers, .... Bonnet Carre, . NEWORLEANS 2. From Jackson to Vichsburg. To Clinton Amsterdam, Montalban, Vichsburg, 413 442 478 LOUISIANA. Previous to the year 1811, the name of Louisiana belonged to the whole of that vast and ill-defined tract of country which was ceded by France to the United States in 1803. On the territory of Orleans becoming a State, it adopted the general name for its particular appellation, and the remaining portion of the original Louisiana has received distinct denominations. The first settlement within the limits of this State was made by a small French colony in 1699, under the command of M. D'Iberville. The city of New Orleans was founded in 1717. In 1763 the whole of Louisiana was ceded to Spain, but from the resistance of the inhabitants, that power did not obtain possession until 1769. Spain retained her authority in this province until 1800, when, by a secret treaty, it was re-ceded to France. The renewal of the war in Europe, after the peace of Amiens, not permitting France to take possession of Louisiana, it was transferred to the United States for the sum of 60 millions of francs, or about 15 millions of dollars, in April, 1803, and in the following December, given up to the American authorities. By an act of Congress, passed March, 1804, Louisiana was definitively subdivided. The northern part, above latitude 33°, was named the territory of Louisiana, and the lower section, the territory of Orleans. In 1811, having acquired an adequate population, Congress granted the inhabitants power to form a State constitution. In 1812, the necessary steps having been taken, the State of Louisiana was ranked in the list of independent States of the Union. A powerful British army invaded this State, December, 1814, but after some partial actions, the enemy was utterly defeated, January 8th, 1815, and the country abandoned by them shortly afterwards. This event gave to Louisiana a classic interest in the history of the United States, and left her to the peaceable pursuits of the arts of" social life, and the cultivation of her soil. LOUISIANA. 285 The purchase of Louisiana, although vehemently censured at the time, by the party opposed to Mr. Jefferson, is now admitted on all hands to have been an act of great political wisdom. It closed up a broad source of con- troversy with foreign powers, added an almost boundless tract of fertile country to our territory, and extended the duration of the Union, by gain- ing for the western States the great natural outlet for their productions. This State is bounded on the north by Arkansas territory and the State of Mississippi ; on the east by the same State ; on the south by the Gulf of Mexico ; and on the west by the Mexican dominions. The 33d degree of north latitude is the northern boundary, west of the Mississippi river, and the 31st degree on the east of that river ; the Pearl river is its extreme eastern boundary, and the Sabine its western. It is in length 240 miles, by 210 in breadth. It contains 48,220 square miles, or 30,860,800 acres. Three-fourths of the State are without an elevation, that can be properly called a hill. The pine woods generally have a surface of a very particu- lar character, rising into fine swells, with table surfaces on the summit, and valleys from 30 to 40 feet deep. But they are without any particular range, and, like the waves of a high and irregular sea. The alluvial soil is level, and the swamps, which are the only inundated alluvions, are dead flats. The vast prairies, which constitute a large portion of the surface of the State, have, in a remarkable degree, all the distinctive aspects of prairies. To the eye they seem as level as the still surface of a lake. They are, except the quaking prairies, higher and drier than the savannas of Florida. The new and remote parish taken from Natchitoches, called Claiborne, is a high and rolling country. — There are considerable hills beyond the Mississippi alluvions, east of that river. But generally speaking, Louisiana is one immense plain, divided into pine-woods, prairies, alluvions, swamps, and hickory and oak lands. On the banks of the Mississippi, La Fourche, the Teche, and the Ver- million, below lat. 30° 12' north, wherever the soil is elevated above the annual inundations, sugar can be produced ; and the lands are generally devoted to this crop. In all other parts of the State, cotton is the staple. The best districts for cotton are the banks of Red River, Washita, Teche, and the Mississippi. Rice is more particularly confined to the banks of the Mississippi, where irrigation can be easily performed. — The quantity of land within the State adapted to the cultivation of the three staples, has been estimated as follows : sugar, 250,000 acres ; rice, 250,000 ; cotton, 2,400,000. Some of the sugar-planters have derived a revenue in some years of $600 from the labor of each of their slaves ; from $350 to $450 is the ordinary calculation. The cultivation of cotton is believed to be equally profitable. The amount of sugar has gradually increased in this State, from 1783 to the present time. A duty of 2^ cents per pound on foreign sugar, from 1803 up to 1816, and of 3 cents until recently, and at present 2^, and of 10 cents a gallon on molasses until last year, and at present 5 cents, has been the occasion of this advance in the cultivation of the sugar-cane. It is estimated that 150,000,000 pounds of sugar are annually consumed in the United States, and that more than 100,000,000 of pounds are now made in Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia, but by far the greatest part in Louisiana. In this State there are at the present time about 50,000,000 of dollars invested in the sugar business, in lands, slaves, steam-engines, and other property ; the quantity of sucrar made here in 286 GENERAL VIEW OF 1810, is estimated at nearly 10,000,000 of pounds, so that in 20 years the increase has been about ten -fold. The extensive prairie land, in the south-west part of the State, embracing the district of Opelousas, and the greater part of Attakapas, is most admi- rably adapted to the rearing of cattle, and has hitherto been used almost exclusively for that purpose. Many of the richer planters on the Teche and Vermillion, have stock farms established on Mermentau and Calcasiu rivers, and count their cattle by the thousand. The population is principally confined to the settlements on the Missis- sippi. In the upper settlements the inhabitants are principally Canadians ; in the middle, Germans ; and in the lower, French and Spaniards. A few years since, a majority of the inhabitants were Roman Catholics. The clergy of this order, however, are not numerous ; and the constant intro- duction of emigrants from the north is effecting a rapid revolution in all the institutions of the country. In journeying from New Orleans to the mouth of Sabine river, men are met with in every stage of civilization. In New Orleans, and other places on the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cotton planters live in splen- did edifices, and enjoy all the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attaka- pas and Opelousas, the glare of expensive luxury vanishes, and is followed by substantial independence. In the western parts of Opelousas, are found herdsmen and hunters ; the cabins are rudely and hastily constructed, and the whole scene recalls to the imagination the primeval state of society. The exports from Louisiana are not confined to its own produce. The bulky articles of all the western States go down the Mississippi, and are cleared out at New Orleans. The value of the exports in 1804, was $1,600,362. In the year ending 30th of September, 1831, the value of imports at New Orleans, from foreign countries, was $9,761, 5S8. Of exports, there were shipped from that city during that year to foreign coun- tries, $15,752,029, and coastwise, $11,418,622; total, $27,170,651. There was exported the same year, of cotton, 170,541,259 lbs. ; of tobacco, 36,132 hhds., and sugar, 55,351,259 lbs., exclusive of what was sent up the Mississippi river, the amount of which almost equalled what was shipped to the Atlantic States and to foreign countries. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Ascension, .... Assumption,. . . Avoyelles, .... Baton Rouge, E. j Baton Rouge,W Catahoula, .... Claiborne, Concordia, .... Feliciana, East, Feliciana, West, Iberville, .... Jefferson, . . . Lafayette, . . . Lafourche, Int'r Natchitoches,. . Orleans, Plaquemines, . . Population Seats of Justice. Donaldsonville. Assumption,CH Marksville. 5,426 5,669 3,484 6,698 3,084 2,581 1,764 4,662 8,247 8,629 7,049 6,846 5,653 5,503 7,905 49,838 4,489 Baton Rouge. Harrisonburg. Russellville. Concordia. Jackson. St. Francisville. Iberville. Coquille. Vermillionville. Thibadeauxville Natchitoches, NEW ORLEANS Fort Jackson Parishes. Point Coupee,. . Rapides, St. Bernard, . . . St. Charles, St. Helena, St. James, St. John Baptist, St. Landry, St. Martin's,. •• St. Mary's, St. Tammany, . Terre Bonne, . . Washington, . . Washita, Total, in 1830, Population Seats of Justice. 5,936 7,575 3,356 5,147 4,028 7,646 5,677 12,591 7,205 6,442 2,864 2,121 2,286 5,140 215,739 Point Coupee. Alexandria. St. Helena. Bringier's. Bonnet Carre. Opelousas. St. Martinsville, Franklin. Covington. Williamsburg. Franklinton. Monroe. LOUISIANA. 287 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. INCREASE. SLAVES. In 1810, 76,556 jj 34,660 From 1810 to 1820, 76,851 69,064 1820 to 1830, 62,168 l| 109,588 1820, 153,407 1830, 215,739 34,404 40,524 Of the above population of" 1630, there were, white Males, 49,794 ; Females, 39,397 ; deaf and dumb, 45; blind, 38; aliens, 1,700: total whites, 39,441. Free colored, 16,44] ; Slaves, 109,588. The parishes of Carroll and Livingston have been organized in this State, since 1830. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS CANALS. Carondelet Canal extends from Bayou St. John, to a basin in the rear of the city of New Orleans. It is \\ miles long, 30 feet wide, and 4 deep. Lafourche Canal passes from the river Lafourche, 16 miles below its efflux from the Mississippi. It opens from the right bank of the river into a small creek uniting with lake Verret, and is navigable only in times of high water. Plaquemine Canal is a short cut from the Mississippi into Bayou Pla- quemine ; navigable only in times of high water. New Orleans and Teche Canal is a partly executed navigation of 100 miles in length, extending from a point on the Mississippi, opposite to New Orleans, to the waters which unite with Teche river, at Berwick's bay. EAIL-EOADS. Lake Ponchartrain Rail-road. — Company incorporated in January, 1830, with exclusive privileges for 25 years. It is about 4^ miles long, extending from Lake Ponchartrain to New Orleans. Single track. It is perfectly straight, and nearly level, the ascent and descent being only 16 inches. Completed in April, 1831. Cost, $15,000 a mile. An act of Congress has been obtained, establishing a port of entry on lake Ponchar- train ; and an artificial harbor and breakwater are now constructing at the termination of the rail-road. West Feliciana Rail-road, to extend from the Mississippi, near St. Fran- cisville, to Woodville in the State of Mississippi. (See Mississippi.) In the legislature of this State, a bill was lately introduced in which the most magnificent scheme of internal improvement ever contemplated, was submitted. The bill proposes the incorporation of a company with a capi- tal of twenty millions, to construct a rail-road from New Orleans to Baton Rouge, St. Francisville, and Clinton, thence eastwardly to the boundary line of Mississippi. It is recommended as part of a great route through Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina, and Virginia, to Washington city. One of its advocates affirms, that if these States will pass laws to authorize the construction, companies will be formed for con- tinuing the road, so that within twenty years a trip from New Orleans to Washington will not occupy more than six days. [For the stage route from New Orleans to Natchez, see route No. 1, Mississippi.] ARKANSAS. . The earliest settlement of whites within the limits of the territory of Arkansas, was made by the Chevalier de Tonti, in 1685. Proceeding .from a fort then recently established on the Illinois river, he penetrated to the 288 GENERAL VIEW OF mouth of the Mississippi. On his return, in ascending the Mississippi river, he sailed up the Arkansas to the principal village of the Indians of that name, with whom he formed an alliance. Here he built a fort, and at the desire of the natives, left some of his men to settle among them. At that period, the Arkansas Indians were deemed one of the most powerful tribes in the country ; and the French, to preserve peace with them, and to secure their trade, intermarried among them, and adopted most of their habits and manners. The new settlers found their numbers gradually augmented, by the arrival of emigrants from Canada, who descended the Mississippi. The progress of settlement was, however, extremely slow, and whatever events may have happened in this territory, between the commencement of the eighteenth century and the period of its transfer to the United States, his- tory has not recorded them. In February, 1819, it was enacted by Con- gress, that that portion of country situated between north latitude 33° and the southern boundary of Missouri, should be erected into a Territorial Government, under the designation of the Territory of Arkansas. The population of this Territory is increasing with such rapidity, that it is proba- ble but a short period will elapse before it will take its station among the States of the Union. This Territory is bounded on the north by Missouri, east by the Missis- sippi river, which separates it from Tennessee and the State of Mississippi, south by Louisiana, and west by a line drawn from the south-western cor- ner of Missouri to Fort Smith, on the Arkansas river, and thence by a due south line to the Red River, up Red River to the point where the western limit of the United States from the Sabine to Red River intersects that stream, and thence down that line to the 33d degree of north latitude. Its southern line is the 33d degree of north latitude, and northern 36° 30'. Its length, from north to south, is 245 miles, and mean breadth about 212 ; its area is 51,960 square miles, or 33,241,600 acres. The principal river is the Arkansas, which flows down from the Rocky Mountains. Its course is nearly through the centre of the territory from west to east ; and it affords at all times steam-boat navigation to Little Rock, 250 miles from the Mis- sissippi, and occasionally to Cantonment Gibson, nearly 400 miles higher up ; the other important streams are the Red River, (which flows through the south-west angle of the territory,) St. Francis, White, and Washita rivers. Arkansas has considerable advantages for commerce ; nearly every part of it has a direct and easy communication with New Orleans, the great emporium of trade for the whole Mississippi valley. The surface of the country exhibits much variety. In the eastern portion, along the Missis- sippi river, it is level, and often overflown by that noble river and its large confluents, which have their course through this territory. In the central part it is undulating and broken, and in the western section it is traversed by the Ozark mountains, which are estimated to attain an altitude of 3,000 feet above the ocean. The other considerable elevations are the Black Hills, north of the Arkansas, and the Washita Hills, or Masserne Moun- tains, on the head waters of the Washita river. The soil is of all quali- ties, from the most productive to the most sterile ; much of it is of the latter description. It has, however, a sufficient amount of excellent land to enable it to become a rich and populous State, which it will unquestionably be at no distant day. The column of emigration has begun to move in this direc- tion, and sevei'al thousands have been added to its population within the last ARKANSAS. 289 three years. Of the products of Arkansas, cotton is the staple ; corn and sweet potatoes thrive well ; wheat, and other small grains, have not been cultivated to a great extent ; peaches are remarkably fine ; apples do not succeed, except on the elevated parts of the territory, at a distance from the Mississippi. The wild fruits, grapes, plums, &c. are abundant. Among the curiosities of this country may be mentioned the vast masses of sea- shells that are found dispersed over different tracts of it : they are generally found in points remote from limestone, and answer a valuable purpose to the inhabitants, who collect and burn them for lime. The Hot or Warm Springs, are among the most interesting curiosities of the country ; they are in great numbers. One of them emits a vast quantity of water : they are remarkably limpid and pure, and are used by the people who resort there for health, for culinary purposes. They have been analyzed, and exhibit no mineral properties beyond common spring-water. Their efficacy, then, for they are undoubtedly efficacious to many invalids that resort there, results from the shade of adjacent mountains, and from the cool oxygenated mountain breeze, the conveniences of warm and tepid bathing, the novelty of fresh mountain scenery, and the necessity of temperance imposed by the poverty of the country, and the difficulty of procuring supplies. During the spring floods of the Washita, a steam-boat can approach within 30 miles of them. At no great distance is a strong sulphur-spring, remarkable for its coldness. In the wild and mountain scenery of this lonely region, there is much of grandeur and novelty to fix the curiosity of the lover of Nature. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties Arkansas Clarke, Conway, Chicot, Crawford, Crittenden, Hempstead, . . . Hot Spring-, . . . Independence, . Izard, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Population County Towns. 1,426 1,36!) 982 1,165 2,440 1,272 2,512 458 2,031 1,266 333 772 748 Arkansas. Clarke, C. H. Harrisburg. Villemont. Crawford, C.H. Greenock. Hempstcdd,CH HotSpring,C.H. Batesville. Izard, C. H. Litchfield. Jefferson, C.H. Lafayette, C. H.j Lawrence, Miller, .' Monroe, Phillips, Pope, Pulaski, Sevier, St. Francis,. . . . Union, Washington, . . Total in 1830, Population County Towns. 2,806 356 461 1,152 1,483 2,395 634 1,505 640 2,182 30,388 Jackson. Miller, C. H. Monroe, C. H. Helena. Scotia. LITTLE ROCK. Paraclifta. Franklin. Corea Fabre. Fayetteviile. Of the foregoing population, there were, white Males, 14,105; white Females, 11,476; deaf and dumb, 10; blind, 8: total whites, 25,071. Free colored, 141; Slaves, 4,576. Total population in 1830, 30,388. The following new counties have been laid off since 1830: — Carroll, Greene, Pike, Scott, and Van Buren. For the stage route from Little Rock to Bainbridge, Missouri, and Shawneetown, Illinois, see route No. 5, Missouri. TENNESSEE. Like most others of the newly established States, Tennessee derives her name from her chief river. In the language of the Indians, by whom this district was inhabited when first visited by the whites, the word Ten-assee is said to have signified a curved spoon, the curvature to their imagination resembling that of the river Tennessee. The territory now comprising this 290 GENERAL VIEW OF State, was included in the second charter of North Carolina, granted by Charles II. in 1664, but no settlement of whites was made so far westward until 1754, when a few families located themselves on Cumberland river, but were driven away by the savages. The first permanent settlement was made by the erection of Fort Loudon, in 1757. A war with the Cherokees broke out in 1759, and in the ensuing year Fort Loudon was taken, and the garrison and the inhabitants massacred. In 1761, Colonel Grant forced the Indians to a peace, and a treaty was made with them which encouraged emigi-ation. About 1765, settlements commenced on the Holston, and gradually increased ; though harassed by Indian warfare, the hardy frontier men penetrated deeper and deeper into the forest ; and at the commence- ment of the revolutionary war, the population had increased to a considera- ble extent, who unanimously supported the measures of Congress against the oppressions of the mother country, and were in consequence much harassed by the Cherokees, who, incited by the intrigues of the British, made numerous attacks upon the frontier settlements. The brilliant victory of King's Mountain, achieved by the hardy riflemen of Tennessee and Kentucky, was a momentous event in the history of both ; it gave them a name in the annals of their country, and by destroying the power of the Royalists in that quarter, gave them security against the savages. Internal discord, however, distracted the country for several years. Between 1784 and 1789, attempts were made to form East Tennessee into a separate State, by the name of Frankland. In 1790, North Carolina ceded the whole of what is now Tennessee to the United States, and the same year it was made the territory south-west of the Ohio. The territo- rial government continued until June, 1795, when the inhabitants of both Tennessees being found to amount to 77,262 persons, a convention was called, which met at Knoxville, Jan. 11, 1796; and on February 9th re- ported a Constitution for the new State, which, on the first of June, of the same year, was received into the confederacy as an independent member. Since the period of her admission into the Union, Tennessee has main- tained an honorable rank among her sister States. Her citizens have been surpassed by no others in patriotism and bravery, to which the conquest of the Seminoles, and still more signally the victory of New Orleans, bear witness. In population, the growth of this State has been remarkably rapid, although many of its citizens have emigrated to the comparatively newer settlements in Mississippi and Alabama. Tennessee is bounded on the north by Kentucky ; east by North Caro- lina; south by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi; and west by Arkansas Territory, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river. It is 430 miles long, and 104 broad, and contains 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. The principal rivers are Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Clinch, Duck, Holston, French-Broad, Nolichucky, Hiwassee, Tellico, Reelfoot, Obion, Forked Deer, Wolf, and Elk river. Tennessee is washed by the great river Mississippi on the west, and the fine rivers Tennessee and Cumberland pass through it in very serpentine courses. The western part is undulating ; some of it level ; in the middle it is hilly ; and the eastern part, known by the name of East Tennessee, abounds in mountains, many of them lofty, and presenting scenery pecu- liarly grand and picturesque. Of these mountains the Cumberland, or TENNESSEE. 291 great Laurel Ridge, is the most remarkable. Stone, Iron, Bald, Smoky, or Unaka mountains, join each other, and form, in a direction nearly north- east and south-west, the eastern boundary of the State. The geological formation of this State is wholly secondary, except a small portion of the eastern part, which is transition, and numerous spots on the banks of rivers, which are alluvial. A considerable portion of the State is bedded on lime-stone. A large deposit of gypsum has been lately discovered. Copperas, alum, nitre, and lead, are among the minerals. Some silver has been found. Coal is supposed to be plentiful. Saltpetre is so abundant as to form a great article of commerce. There are several mine- ral springs, and many valuable salt springs. The soil in a country so uneven must be very various. The western part of the State has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excellent land ; in the eastern, part of the mountains are barren, but there are many fertile valleys. There is a great profusion of natural timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c, and in many places are great quantities of cane remarkably thick and strong. The State also abounds with medicinal plants, such as snake-root, ginseng, Carolina pink, angelica, senna, annise, spikenard, &c Tennessee is also well supplied with animals and birds of various kinds, and the rivers abound in divers sorts of fish. The climate is generally healthful. In East Tennessee, the heat is so tempered by the mountain air on one side, and by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico on the other, that this part of the State has one of the most desirable climates in North America. The middle part resembles Ken- tucky in climate. The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in New England. Snow seldom falls to a greater depth than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. Cumberland river has been frozen over but three times since the country was settled. Cattle are rarely sheltered in winter. In the western parts there are some low bottoms on which the inhabitants are subject to bilious fevers, and fever and ague in the autumn. The great business of the State is agriculture. The soil produces abun- dantly cotton and tobacco, which are the staple commodities. The inhabit- ants also raise a plentiful supply of grain, grass, and fruit. They export cotton, tobacco, and flour, in considerable quantities; also saltpetre, and many other articles. The principal commerce is carried on through the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and from them through the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This State also supplies Kentucky, Ohio, &c. with cotton for inland manufactures ; and from East Tennessee considerable numbers of cattle are sent to the sea-ports on the Atlantic. Nashville University, at Nashville, is a respectable institution, with con- siderable endowments. East Tennessee College is at Knoxville. Green- ville College, the oldest in the State, is at Greenville ; and there is a theo- logical school at Maryville. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Anderson, . Bedford, . . Bledsoe, . . Blount, . . . Population 5,310 30,386 County Towns. Clinton. Shelbyville. 4,648|Pikeville. ll,028:Maryville. Campbell, . Carroll, . . . Carter, . . . Claiborne, . Population 5,110 9,397 6,414 8,470 County Towns Jacksboro'. Hunting-don. Elizabethtown. Tazewell. 292 GENERAL VIEW OF Cocke, .... Davidson, . Dickson, . . , Dyer, .... Fayette, . . Fentress, . Franklin, . Gibson, . . . Giles, .... Grainger, . Greene, . . . Hamilton,. Hawkins, . Hardiman, Hardin,. . . Haywood,. Henderson, Henry, . . . Hickman, . Humphrey, Jackson, . . Jefferson, . Knox, . . . Lawrence, Lincoln, . . Madison, . Maury, . . . McNairy, . 0171 122 ,265 ,904 652 748 620 801 70.3 066 ,410 •27G ,683 655 ,868 ,334 ,748 ,249 ,199 ,187 ,698 ,801 ,498 411 ,075 594 ,665 ,697 Newport. NASHVILLE. Charlotte. Dyersburg. Somerville. Jamestown. Winchester. Trenton. Pulaski. Rutledge. Greenville. Dallas. Rogersville. Bolivar. Savannah. Brownsville. Lexington. Paris. Vernon. Reynoldsburg. Gainesboro'. Dandridge. Knoxville. Lawrenceburg. Fayetteville. Jackson. Columbia. Purdy. McMinn, Marion, Monroe, Morgan, Montgomery,. . Obion, Overton, Perry, Rhea, Roane, Robertson, Rutherford, Sevier, Shelby, Smith, Sumner, Stewart, Sullivan, Tipton, Warren, Wayne, Weakley, Washington, . . White, Williamson, . . . ; Wilson, ! Total in 1830 14,469] 5,508 13,708 2,5S2 14,349 2,099 8,242 7,094 8,186 11,341 13,272 26,134 5,717 5,648 19,906 20,569 6,968 10,073 5,317 15,210 6,013 4,797 10,994 9,96 26,638 25,472 Athens^ Jasper. Madisonville. Montgomery. Clarksville. Troy. Monroe. Shannonsville. Washington. Kingston. Springfield. Murfreesboro'. Sevierville. Memphis. Carthage. Gallatin. Dover. Blountville. Covington. McMinnville. Waynesboro'. Dresden. Jonesboro'. Sparta. Franklin. Lebanon. 681,903 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. INCREASE. In 1800, 105,602 1810, 261,727, 1820, 420,813 1830, 681,903 From 1800 to 1810, 156,125 1810 to 1820, 159,086 1820 to 1830, 261,090 141,603 61,496 SLAVES. 13,584 44,535 80,107 30,951 35,572 Of the above population of 1S30, there were, white Males. 275,008; white Females, 200,680; deaf and dumb, 208; blind, 176; aliens, 121: total whites, 535,748. Free colored Males, 2,330; Females, 2,225 : total, 4,555. Slaves— Males, 70,210 ; Females, 71,387 : total, 141,603. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Internal improvements in Tennessee are as yet merely prospective. Sur- veys have been made under a late appropriation of Congress, with a view to the improvement of the navigation of the Tennessee river. Others have been made to ascertain the practicability of effecting a navigable communi- cation between the head waters of the Hiwassee and Savannah rivers, and also between the Tennessee and Coosa, by the valleys of Lookout and Wills' creeks, and by those of the Chickamauga and Little rivers. It is also proposed to connect the Hiwassee river with the head waters of the Connesauga, the most northern branch of the Coosa; from whence, by the improvement of the river channels, and a series of rail-roads, a communi- cation is intended to be completed to the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, at Mobile. (For a detail of the plan of this improvement, see Alabama.) A rail-road from Jackson, in Madison county, to Memphis, on the Mis- sissippi river, is intended to be commenced in a short period, and is regarded as a work that will add much to the convenience of the western part of the State. TENNESSEE. 293 PRINCIPAIi STA&E S. UTBS. 10. From Knox- ville to Huntsville, AL To Marysville,. Madisonville,. . Athens, Washington, . . Pikeville, Mount Airy, . . Delphi, Jasper, Belief onte, Al. . Woodsville, . . . Huntsville, .... 11. From Knox- mile to Spring Place, Geo. Campbell's Station New Philadelphia, Athens, Calhoun, Spring Place, Geo. 1. From Nash- ville to Tuscum- bia. Good Spring, Franklin, Spring Hill, Columbia, Mount Pleasant, . Lawrenceburg, . . Florence, ....... Tuscurabia, 2. From Nashville to Huntsville AL, via Mur- freesboro\ To Mount View, Murfreesboro' ', . . Shelbyvillv, Lynchburg, .... Fayetteville, .... Hazle Green, . . . Meridianville, . . Huntsville, 3. From Nashville to Huntsville, via Columbia and Pu- laski. To Columbia, as in No. 1, . . . . Pulaski, Elkton, Huntsville, 4. From Nashville to Memphis. To Chesnut Grove Charlotte, Reynoldsburg, . . . Huntingdon, .... Jackson, Bolivar, Middleburg, Somerville, Morning Sun, . . . Raleigh, Memphis, 5. From Nashville to Mill's Point, Ken. To Reynoldsburg, as in No. 4, . . . Paris, Cullen, Dresden, Troy Mill's Point, .. 18 30 42 52 75 121 125 33 59 73 86 102 109 117 75 90 120 40 78 109 147 175 182 198 219 231 239 108 122 131 160 179 6. From Blounts- ville to Hunts- ville, AL, via Knoxville and McMinnville. To Kingsport, . . . Surgoinesville, . . Rogersville, Bean's Station, . . Rutledge, Blain's ixj Roads,. Knoxville, Campbell's Station Kingston, Sparta, McMinnville, . . . Winchester, .... Salem, New Market, Al. Huntsville, 7. From Knoxville to Nashville, via SpartaandMur- freesboro\ Campbell's Station Kingston, ....... Sparta, McMinnville, .... Danville, Readyville, Murfreesboro' 1 , . . . Jefferson, Mount View, .... NASHVILLE,. . 8. From Knoxville to Nashville, via Sparta and Leba non. To Sparta, as in No. 7, Allen's Ferry, . . . Liberty, Alexandria, Lebanon, NASHVILLE,. . 9. From Shown'' s Cross Roads to Knoxville. To Elizabethtown, Jonesboro\ Greenville, Wood's Ferry,. . . Newport, Dandridge, New Market, ..'...[ Knoxville, 20 1 33 43 61 70 82 103 119 144 206 231 273 283 300 31 41 103 128 150 158 170 180 192 203 121 138 145 161 192 52 76 86 98 113 127 147 12. From Ashe mile, N. C, to Nashville. To Warm Springs, Newport-, Ten. . . Dandridge, .... New Market, . . . Knoxville, NASHVILLE, as in No. 8, 13. From Sparta to Glasgow, Ken. ToMilledgeville,. Gainesboro\ McLcansville, . . . Tompkinsville,Ken Glasgow, 14. From Sparta to Gallatin. ToMilledgeville,. Mount Richardson Carthage, Dixon's Springs, . Hartsville, Cairo, Gallatin, 15. From Jackson to Memphis. To Denmark, . . . Brownsville, I 16 Durhamville, .... I 15 36 25 15 14 20 192 13 28 42 G5 88 102 112 133 165 186 216 34 54 69 94 61 66 100 292 40 57 69 95 28 43 53 59 73 78 28 43 Z2 294 GENERAL VIEW OF 7 50 Cheek's X Roads, 24 87 \ Huntsville, as in 16 66 Bean's Station, . . 12 99 ' No. 10, 199 284 34 100 1 1 8. From Florence, 17. From Warm. Al., to Memphis. 16. From Ashe- Springs, N, C. To Savannah, . . . 49 ville, N. C, to to Huntsville. 17 66 Bean's Station. To Newport, Ten. . 25 28 94 To Warm Springs 36 30 55 Memphis, as in Greenville, Ten. . . 27 63 30 85 1 No. 4, 64 158 KENTUCKY. The earliest accounts received of the valley west of the Alleghany mountains, were communicated by traders, who, in their intercourse with the Indians, had extended their discoveries far into the wilderness. By whom the territory of this prosperous commonwealth was first explored, is a matter of uncertainty, and has given rise to some controversy : as early as 1754, James M'Bride and others, and in 1767, John Finley of North Carolina, travelled over the country watered by the Kentucky river. The latter, on his return to North Carolina, communicated an account of his observations to Col. Daniel Boon, who, with a few others, set out in 1769 to explore the country ; after undergoing great hardships from the fatigues incident to such an adventure, and from the hostility of the Indians, the adventurers, with the exception of Boon, determined to return home : the latter, to whom dangers and difficulties seem to have been familiar through life, continued an inhabitant of the wilderness until 1771, when he returned to his home, and in two years afterwards set out with his own and five other families, and forty men, to form a settlement. They were followed at various times by a considerable number of emigrants ; and in 1780, after a very severe and rigorous winter, they determined to abandon the country for ever, but were diverted from this step by a seasonable reinforcement of emigrants. In 1777, the Legislature of Virginia, of which State the terri- tory in question formed a part, erected it into a county, and in 1782, a supreme court was established. With the revolutionary war the principal difficulties of the inhabitants terminated ; settlements were now rapidly made, and as early as 1785, a project of separation from Virginia was formed, but from various causes, was not effected until December 1790, when Kentucky became independent of Virginia, and on June 1st, 1792, was admitted into the confederation of the States. It was not until the treaty of Greenville, made by General Wayne, in 1795, that the inhabit- ants of Kentucky were entirely freed from Indian hostility ; previous to this period many of them had fallen in the field of battle, or in their corn fields or houses, by the hands of their savage foes. The growth of this State was now so rapid that she soon obtained a respectable rank and influ- ence, and naturally took the lead among the western States. The declara- tion of war in 1812 was received with acclamation, and supported with zeal, by her patriotic citizens ; at one time upwards of 7000 Kentuckian volunteers and militia were in the field, and so universal was the desire to share in the danger and glory of the war, that the executive authorities were obliged to limit the numbers. During this period the chair of the State government was filled by Isaac Shelby, a hero of the revolutionary war, who, at an advanced age, manifested the same enterprise and bravery KENTUCKY. 295 that had gained him an honorable distinction at the battle of King's Moun- tain. Kentucky is bounded on the north by the Ohio river, which sepa- rates it from the States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois ; east by Virginia, south by Tennessee, and west by the Mississippi, which separates it from the State of Missouri; the greatest length is about 400 miles, breadth 170, area 40,500 square miles, or 25,920,000 acres. The principal rivers of Kentucky are the Ohio, which flows along the State 637 miles, following its windings ; the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cum- berland, Kentucky, Green, Licking, Big Sandy, Salt, and Rolling. Cumberland mountains form the south-east boundary of this State. The eastern counties, bordering on Virginia, are mountainous and broken. A tract from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the banks of the Ohio, is hilly and broken land, interspersed with many fertile valleys. Between this strip, Green river, and the eastern counties, lies what has been called the garden of the State. This is the most populous part, and is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fayette, Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Wood- ford, Mercer, Jessamine, Madison, Garrard, Casey, Lincoln, Washington, and Green. The surface of this district is agreeably undulating, and the soil black and friable, producing black walnut, black cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton-wood, and white thorn. The whole State, below the mountains, rests on an immense bed of limestone, usually about eight feet below the surface. There are every- where apertures in this limestone, through which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky, for this reason, are more diminished during the dry season, than those of any other part of the United States, and the small streams entirely disappear. The banks of the rivers are natural curiosities ; the rivers having generally worn very deep channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by Kentucky river are in many places awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 300 feet of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and difficult ascent, four times as high. In the south-west part of the State, between Green river and the Cumberland, there are several wonder- ful caves. The principal productions of Kentucky are hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt springs are numerous, and supply not only this State, but a great part of Ohio and Tennessee, with this mineral. The principal manufactures are cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple-sugar. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat, are the principal exports. These are carried down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, and foreign goods received from the same place in return. Louisville, on the Ohio, is the centre of this trade. The introduction of steam-boat navigation on the Ohio has been of incalcu- lable benefit to the commercial and manufacturing interests of Kentucky. In addition to the important commerce with New Orleans, by the channel of the Mississippi river, Kentucky has intimate commercial relations with the chief cities on the Atlantic seaboard. There is a tract of country in the south-western part of the State, east and north of Cumberland river, and watered by Green and Barren rivers, about 100 miles in extent, called the barrens, which, a few years since, was a beautiful prairie, destitute of timber. It is now covered with a young growth of various kinds of trees. These, however, do not prevent the 296 GENERAL VIEW OF growth of grass, and an almost endless variety of plants, which are in bloom during the whole of the spring and summer, when the whole region is a wilderness of the most beautiful flowers. The soil is of an excellent quality, being a mixture of clay, loam, and sand. Through this country there runs a chain of conical hills, called knobs. Horses are raised in great numbers, and of the noblest kinds. A hand- some horse is the highest pride of a Kentuckian, and common farmers own from ten to fifty. Great numbers are carried over the mountains to the Atlantic States ; and the principal supply of saddle and carriage horses in the lower country is drawn from Kentucky, or the other western States. The horses are carried down in flat boats. Great droves of cattle are also driven from this State, over the mountains, to Virginia and Pennsylvania. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Adair, Allen, Anderson, . . . Barren, Bath, Boone, Bourbon, Bracken, Breckenridge, Butler, Bullitt, Caldwell, Callaway, Campbell,. . . . Casey, Christian, Clarke, Clay, Cumberland, . Daviess, Edmondson, . Estill, Fayette, Fleming-, Floyd, Franklin, Gallatin, Garrard, Grant, Graves, Grayson,. Greene, Greenup, . . . Hancock, . . . Hardin, Harlan, Harrison, . . . Hart, Henderson, . Henry, Hickman, . . . Hopkins, . . . Jefferson, . . . Population County Towns 8,217 6,485 4,520 15,079 8,799 9,075 18,436 6,518 7,345 3,058 5,642 8,324 5,164 9,883 4,342 12,684 13,051 3,548 8,624 5,209 2,642 4,618 25,098 13,499 4,347 9,254 6,674 11,871 2,986 2,504 3,880 13,138 5,852 1,515 12,849 2,929 13,234 5,191 6,659 11,387 5,198 6,763 23,979 Columbia. Scottsville. Lawrenceburg. Glasgow Owingsville. Burlington. Paris. Augusta. Hardinsburg. Morgantown. Shepherdsville. Princeton. Wadesborough. Newport. Liberty. Hopkinsville. Winchester. Manchester. Burkesville. Owensborough. Brownsville. Irvine. Lexington. Flemingsburg. Prestonburg. FRANKFORT. Port William. Lancaster. Williamstown. Mayfield. Litchfield. Greensburg. Greenupsburg. Hawsville. Elizabethtown. Mount Pleasant, Cynthiana. Munfordsville. Henderson. New Castle. Columbus. Madisonvillc. Louisville. Counties. Jessamine, Knox, Laurel, Lawrence, Lewis, Lincoln, Livingston,. . . . Logan, Madison, Mason, McCracken,. . . Meade, Mercer, Monroe, Montgomery, . . Morgan, Muhlenburg, . . Nelson, Nicholas, Ohio Oldham, Owen, Pendleton, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Rockcastle,. . . , Russell, Scott, Shelby, Simpson, Spencer, Todd, Trigg, Union, Warren, Washington, . . Wayne, Whiteley, Woodford, Total, in 1830, Population County Towns. 9,960 4,313 2,206 3,900 5,229 11,002 5,971 13,012 18,751 16,919 1,297 4,131 17,694 5,340 10,240 2,857 5,340 14,932 8,834 4,715 9,588 5,786 3,863 3,330 2,677 9,500 2,865 3,879 14,677 19,030 5,813 6,812 8,680 5,916 4,764 10,949 19,017 8,685 3,806 12,273 688,844 Nicholasville. Barboursville. London. Louisa. Clarksburg. Stanford. Salem. Russellville. Richmond. Washington. Wilmington. Brandenburg. Harrodsburg. Tompkinsville. Mount Sterling, West Liberty. Greenville. Bardstown. Carlisle. Hartford. Westport. Owentown. Falmouth. Perry, C. H. Pikeville. Somerset. Mount Vernon. Jamestown. Georgetown. Shelbyville. Franklin. Taylorsville. Elkton. Cadiz. Morganfield. Bowling Green. Springfield. Monticello. Williamsburg. Versailles. KENTUCKY. 297 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1790, 73,677. 1800 220,959 1810, 406,511 1820, 564,317 1830, 688,844 From 1790 to 1800, 147,282 1800 to 1810, 185,552 1810 to 1820, 147,806 1820 to 1830, 124,527 SLAVES. 12,430 43,344 80,561 120,732 165,350 30,914 37,217 40,171 44,618 Of the above population, there were, white Males, 208,024: white Females, 250.054 ; deaf and dumb, 2-3; blind, 15t5 ; aliens, 173: total whites, 518,678. Free colored Males, 2,559; Females, 2,257 : total, 4,810. Slaves— Males, 82,231 ; Females, 83,119 : total, 105,350. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Louisville and Portland Canal. — Incorporated in 1825. Completed in 1831. Length, 2 miles; breadth, at the surface, 200 feet, at bottom, 50. This canal was constructed to overcome a fall of 22 feet on the Ohio river, at Louisville. The entire bed of this canal is excavated through a ledge of lime rock, and a part of it to the depth of 12 feet. Its locks, bridges, &c. are built in the most substantial manner, and contain 4989 perches of stone masonry, equal to about 30 common canal locks. It is a work of great utility, as well as great expense ; 827 boats, 406 of which were steam- boats, passed this canal in 104 days, in 1831. It is calculated that there will annually pass this canal about half as much tonnage as is employed in the coasting trade of the United States. From the difficulty of excavat- ing earth and rock from so great a depth and width, together with the con- tingencies attending its construction from the difference of level between the highest and lowest stage of the water in the Ohio river, amounting to about 60 feet, it is necessarily a work of great magnitude, having cost more than any other similar extent of canal work in the United States, and for its length, is perhaps the most important hydraulic work of the kind ever executed. Lexington and Ohio Hail-road. — Incorporated in 1830. Commenced in 1831. Capital 81,000,000. This road extends from Lexington to Frankfort, on Kentucky river, 25 miles, and from thence to the Ohio river, near Shippingport, two miles below Louisville ; total length, 66 miles. The maximum grade of this rail-road is 30 feet a mile, and the minimum curva- ture 1000 feet radius. It is constructed for locomotive steam-engines of great power and speed. PRXXTCIFAIi STAGE ROUTES. XL 1. From Maysville to Louisville. To Washington, . May's Lick, Ellisburg, Millersburg, Paris, Lexington, Versailles, FRANKFORT,. Hardinsville, .... Clay Village, .... Shdbymlle, Simpsonville, Boston, Miles Miles. 4 8 12 13 25 11 36 7 43 18 61 12 73 13 86 8 94 8 102 5 107 8 115 4 119: Middletown, . . Louisville, . . . , 2. From Louisville to Nashville. To West Point,. . Elizabethtown,. . . Munfordsville, . . . Three Forks, Dripping Spring,. Smith's Grove, . . Boivling Green,. . Franklin, , Tyree Springs, . . Haysboro', , 7 126 J 12 138 21 22 43 27 70 15 85 10 95 3 98 13 111 20 131 21 152 15 167 NASHVILLE,. . 3. From Catletts- burg to Frankfort. To Little Sandy, . Tripletts Oivingsville, Mount Sterling, . . Winchester, Lexington, FRANKFORT,. 4. From Frankfort to Nashville, Ten. To Lawrenceburg, 12 173 62 78 91 106 126 151 298 Salvisa, Harrodsburg,. . . , Perry ville, Lebanon, New Market, Allenton, Campbcllsville, . . Greensburg, Monroe, Glasgow, Scottsville, Gallatin, Henderson, NASHVILLE,. . 5. From Frank- fort to Somerset. To Lawrenceburg Salvisa, Harrodsburg, Danville, Stanford, Waynesburg, . . . . Somerset, 6. From Lexing- ton to Bean's Sta- tion, Ten. To Nicholasville, . Lancaster, Stanford, Crab Orchard, . . . Mount Vernon, . . London, Barbounille, Cumberland Ford. Cumberland Gap, Tazewell, Bean's Station, . . . 7. From Lexing- ton to Cincinnati. To Centreville, . . Jacksonville, Cynthiana, Falmouth, Grant's Lick,. . . . Alexandria, Newport, Cincinnati, GENERAL VIEW OF 21 30 40 59 65 74 77 89 102 122 145 182 192 20b 36 44 54 66 80 111 125 143 155 172 8. From Lexing- ton to Nashville. To Nicholasville, . Shaker T Harrodsburg,. . . . NASHVILLE,as in No. 2,.... 9. From Lexing- ton to Frankfort, via Georgetown. To Doneraile, . . . Georgetown, Great Crossings,. FRANKFORT, . 10. From Lexing- ton to Richmond To Athens, .... Richmond, 11. From West Point to Shaw- neetown, II. To Little York,. Brandenburg, . . Hardinsburg,. . . Owensboro\ .... Henderson, Morgaufield, . . . Mount Zion, . . . Raleigh, Shawneetown, . . 12. From Bowling Green to Nash- ville. To South Union,. Russellville, Adairvillc, Springfield, NASHVILLE,. . 13. From Russell- ville to Shawnee- town, II. To Greenville,. . . Madisonville, .... Carlo, Morganfield, .... 25 32 208 25 18 44 86 116 141 146 151 156 Shawneetown, II. . 15 110 14. From Frank- fort to Cincinnati Ohio. To Georgetown, . . Williamstown, . . . Gaines' j*i Roads, Florence, Covington, Cincinnati, 15. From Hopkins- ville to Nashville. To Oak Grove, . . Clarksville, Lowes, NASHVILLE,. . 16. From Harrods- burg to Richmond To Danville, Lancaster, Richmond, 17. From Nash- ville to Shawnee- toicm, II. To Springfield, . . Adairville, Russellville, Shawneetown, II., as in No. 13, . . 18. From Louis- ville to Lebanon. To Shepherdsville, Bardstown Fredencktown, . . Springfield, Lebanon, 19. From Russell- ville to Smithland. To Elkton Hopkinsville Oakland, Princeton, Salem, Smithland, OHIO. The French were the first to explore the countries on the waters of the Ohio. In 1680, M. de la Salle traversed, before any other European, the region between the lakes and the Mississippi. He was followed by many of his countrymen, who, for upwards of half a century, seem to have been ex- clusively the visitors of this region ; their object was the prosecution of the fur trade, and, unlike their English neighbors, they manifested little dispo- sition to appropriate the country by settlements. By the conquest of Canada, OHIO. 299 and the treaty of 1763, Great Britain succeeded to all the French posses- sions lying between the Alleghany and the Missouri. The beautiful valley of the Ohio was now thrown open to the American trade ; but from whatever causes it may have arisen, the British government was not disposed to encourage settlements. The Indians were still numerous and powerful ; and on the breaking out of the war of independence, were enticed by the British to take part against the frontier settlers. In 1787, Congress began the exercise of its jurisdiction over the country west of the Alleghany mountains. By an act of that body, a territory was created, called the Territory north-west of the river Ohio; and in the same year preparations were made for the first civilized settlement made within its limits. General Rufus Putnam and the Rev. Manasseh Cutler, led a small colony from Mid- dlesex and Essex counties, Massachusetts, who located themselves at Mari- etta, at the mouth of the Muskingum river. Similar to every settlement made on a frontier exposed to savage war, the first years of Ohio were spent in constant, hardship and alarm. The treaty of Greenville, and the surren- der of Michigan, in 1796, gave peace to the west, and emigration poured over the mountains to the Ohio valley. In 1800, Ohio and Michigan were formed into a separate territory; but having acquired sufficient numbers in Ohio to form a separate State, Michigan was detached April 1802, and the former authorized to form a Constitution. January 1802, after every neces- sary formality was complied with, Ohio was admitted into the Union as a State. Though as a member of the confederacy, her history is blended with that of the nation, we cannot omit an expression of admiration at a progress in power, resource, and energy, that has no parallel in history. — Less than half a century ago, all was a wilderness, inhabited only by sav- age beasts, or by still more savage men; now, 1834, with a million of inhabitants, her cities, towns, canals, roads, colleges, schools, and other improvements, excite the admiration of the world. The State of Ohio is bounded on the north by Lake Erie, and Michigan Territory ; east by Pennsylvania and Virginia ; south by the Ohio river, which separates it from Western Virginia and Kentucky, and west by Indi- ana. Its length is 210 miles, and mean breadth 200, containing about 40,000 square miles, or 25,000,000 acres. The Ohio river forms the boundary of this State, on the south-east and south, for near 500 miles. The rivers which flow into Lake Erie on the north, are Maumee, San- dusky, Huron, Vermillion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, and Ashtabula ; those on the south flowing into the Ohio, are the Muskingum, Hockhocking, Little and Great Miami. The Au-GIaize and St. Mary's in the western part of the State, are branches of the Maumee. The interior and northern parts of the country, bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and in some places marshy. Nearly one-third of the eastern and south-eastern part is very hilly and broken. The hills are exceedingly numerous, but they seldom rise into considerable mountains. Immediately upon the banks of the Ohio, and several of its tributaries, are numerous tracts of interval or meadow-land, of great fertility. In the interior, on both sides of the Scioto, and on the Great and Little Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of level and rich land in the State. In many parts there are large prairies, particularly on the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Scioto and the two Miami's. Some of these prairies are low and marshy, producing large quantities of 300 GENERAL VIEW OF coarse grass, from 2 to 5 feet high ; some of which is of a tolerably good quality : other prairies are elevated, and are frequently called barrens ; not always on account of their sterility, for they are often fertile. The most elevated tracts of country between the rivers, are the wettest and most marshy in the State ; and the driest land is that which borders on the vari- ous streams of water. Among the forest trees, are oak of various species, maple, hickory, beach, birch, poplar, sycamore, ash, pawpaw, buckeye, cherry, &c. This State produces abundantly everything which grows in the middle States. Corn grows luxuriantly, yielding, on rich alluvial bottom lands, from 50 to 75 bushels per acre ; 50 bushels per acre are a common and almost average crop. Wheat grows finely in this State ; and flour is ex- ported in vast quantities by the Ohio and Lake Erie to southern and eastern markets. Many steam-mills have been erected in this State, especially in the vicinity of the Ohio river, for the manufacturing of flour. Mills for the same purpose, propelled by water, are to be found in every part of the State. Rye, oats, buckwheat, &c. are produced abundantly in all parts of the State. Horses, cattle, and hogs are here raised in great numbers, and driven to an eastern market ; and thousands of barrels of beef and pork are boated from all the towns on the navigable streams, for the southern part of the valley, or to New York. Coal is found in great quantities in the eastern parts. Iron ore has been discovered, and wrought pretty extensively in several places, particularly on the south of Licking river, 4 miles west of Zanesville, on Brush creek, and in some other places. Salt springs are found on some of the eastern waters of Muskingum, and on Salt creek, 28 miles south-east of Chillicothe, where there are considerable salt-works. The summers are warm and pretty regular, though somewhat subject to tornadoes. Spring and autumn are very pleasant ; and the winters gene- rally mild. In some parts, near the marshes and stagnant waters, the inhab- itants are subject to the fever and ague ; but the climate, generally, is ac- counted remarkably healthful. Ohio takes the lead among the western States with regard to manufac- tures. Some of the most important manufacturing towns are Cincinnati, Zanesville, Steubenville, and Chillicothe. The fabrics of these manufacto- ries have found their way even to the cities on the Atlantic seaboard, and entered into successful competition with the finished articles of European manufacture. The exports from this State consist of flour, corn, hemp, flax, beef, pork, smoked hams of venison, whiskey, peach-brandy, and lumber. The important interests of education have by no means been neglected in Ohio. The principal seminaries in this State are the University of Ohio, at Athens ; Miami University, at Oxford ; Western Reserve College, at Hud- son ; Kenyon College, at Gambier, and the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati. A system of common schools has been lately introduced by law into this State. " An act to provide for the support and better regulation of com- mon schools" was passed by the Legislature in March, 1831, "to take effect and be in force from and after the first day of May" following. This act declares, " that a fund shall be raised in the several counties in the State for the use of common schools, for the instruction of the white vouth OHIO. 301 of every class and grade, without distinction, in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and other necessary branches of education ; — that for this pur- pose there shall be annually levied and assessed upon the ad valorem amount of the general list of taxable property in each county of the State, the property of blacks and mulattoes excepted, three-fourths of a mill on the dollar ; that the trustees of each incorporated township in this State, where the same has not been already done, shall lay off their township into school districts in a manner most convenient for the population." Further provisions are made for carrying the system into effect. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Adams, Ashtabula, . . Athens, Allen, Butler, Belmont, . . . Brown, Champaign, . Clarke, Clermont, . . . Columbiana, . Coshocton, . . Cuyahoga, . . Crawford, . . . Clinton, Dark, Delaware, . . . Fairfield, . . . Fayette, Franklin, . . . Gallia, Geauga, Green, Guernsey, . . Hamilton, . . Hocking, . . . Highland, . . . Harrison, . . . Hancock, . . . Hardin, Henry, Holmes, Huron, Jefferson, . . . Jackson, Knox, Lawrence, . Licking, Population County Towns. 12,231 14,584 9,787 578 27,142 28,627 17,867 12,131 13,114 20,466 35,592 11,161 10,373 4,791 11,436 6,204 11,504 24,786 8,182 14,741 9,733 15,813 14,801 18,036 52,317 4,008 16,345 20,916 813 210 262 9,135 13,346 22,489 5,941 17,085 5,367 20,869 West Union. Jefferson. Athens. Hamilton. St.Clairsvillc. Georgetown. Urbana. Springfield. Batavia. New Lisbon. Coshocton. Cleveland. Bucyrus. Wilmington. Greenville. Delaware. Lancaster. Washington. COLUMBUS. Gallipolis. Chardon. Xenia. Cambridge. Cincinnati. Logan. Hillsborough. Cadiz. Finley. Hardin. Napoleon. Millersburg. Nor walk. Steubenville. Jackson. Mount Vernon. Burlington. Newark. Counties. Population County Towns. Lorain, Logan, Madison, Marion, Medina, Meigs, Mercer, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery,. . Morgan, Muskingum, . . Perry, Pickaway, Pike, Portage, Preble, Putnam, Paulding, Richland, Ross, Sandusky, Shelby, Scioto, Seneca, Stark Tuscarawas, . . Trumbull, Union, Van Wert, Washington, . . Wayne, Williams, Warren, Wood, Total, in 1830, 5,69G 6,440 6,190 6,551 7,560 6,158 1,110 12,807 8,768 24,362 11,800 29,334 13,970 16,001 6,024 18,826 16,291 230 161 24,008 24,068 2,851 3,671 8,740 6,159 26,588 14,298 26,123 3,192 49 11,731 23,333 387 21,468 1,102 937,903 Elyria. Bellefontaine. London. Marion. Medina. Chester. St. Mary's. Troy. Woodfield. Dayton. McConnellsville Zanesville. Somerset. Circleville. Piketon. Ravenna. Eaton. Mansfield. Chillicothe. L'r. Sandusky. Sydney. Portsmouth. Tiffin. Canton. New Philada. Warren. Marysville. Willshire. Marietta. Wooster. Defiance. Lebanon. Perrysburg. POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1790, 3,000 1800, 45,365 1810, 230,760 1820, 581,434 1830, 937,903 INCREASE. From 1790 to 1800 42,365 1800 to 1810, 185,395 1810 to 1820, 350,674 1820 to 1830 356,469 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 479,790 ; white Females, 448,303; deaf and dumb, 446; blind, 251; aliens, 5,524: total whites, 928,093. Free colored Males, 4,826; Fe- males, 4,760 : total, 9,586. 2 A 302 GENERAL VIEW OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANALS. The Ohio State canals are the Ohio Canal, which connects Lake Erie, at Cleveland, with the Ohio river, at Portsmouth ; and the Miami Canal, which connects the town of Dayton, situated on the Great Miami river, with the Ohio river, at Cincinnati. Ohio Canal. Main trunk, 310 miles. Navigable feeder from main trunk to Columbus, 11 " Navigable feeder from main trunk to Granville, 6 " Muskingum side-cut, from the Muskingum river at Dresden, 3 " Navigable feeder from the Tuscarawas river, 3 " Navigable feeder from the Walhonding river, 1 " Total length of Ohio canal and branches, 334 miles. Miami Canal. Main trunk, 65 { « fi .. Hamilton side-cut, 1 ( Total length of canals in Ohio constructed at the public expense, and owned by the State, 400 " Lancaster lateral canal, constructed by the citizens of Lancaster, under an act of incorporation, 9 " Total length of canals in Ohio, 409 miles. The Ohio Canal is now completed. This great work was commenced on the 4th of July, 1825, and has been carried forward at a steady rate. Although many difficulties have been encountered in its prosecution, it has already imparted a new aspect to the country through which it passes, and has in many places quadrupled the value of the land near its course. The Miami Canal has been navigated from Dayton to the head of the Main street in Cincinnati, since the spring of 1829. It is expected that a second division of this work will be commenced in t/he course of a year, under the provisions of an act of the Legislature, passed at the last session. This division will extend from Dayton to the valley of the Miami river, 30 or 35 miles. And it is believed' that the time is not distant, when a still further extension of this canal will unite it, at Defiance, with the Wabash and Maumee Canal, now constructing by the State of Indiana ; and that thence the two will be extended by a common trunk to Lake Erie, at Maumee Bay. RAIL-ROADS. The following Rail-road Companies have been incorporated by the Legis- lature : — Richmond, Eaton, and Miami ; Mad-river and Lake Erie ; Port Clinton and Lower Sandusky ; Franklin, Springborough, and Wilmington ; Erie and Ohio ; Columbus, Delaware, Marion, and Sandusky ; Cincinnati and St. Louis ; Cincinnati, Harrison, and Indianapolis ; Pennsylvania and Ohio ; Milan and Newark ; Milan and Columbus ; Chillicothe and Lebanon. Mad-river and Lake Erie Rail-road is to commence at Dayton, at the head of the Miami Canal, and extend to Sandusky on Lake Erie, thus, by means of the canal and rail-road, opening a communication between Cin- cinnati and the lake. Distance, upwards of 200 miles. Pennsylvania and Ohio Rail-road is to commence at Pittsburg, Penn., and to terminate at Massillon, on the Ohio Canal, about 50 miles south of OHIO. 303 Lake Erie. Distance, 108 miles. Cost, estimated at from $15,000 to $18,000 per mile. The national road from Cumberland into the west, is completed to the vicinity of Columbus. It is laid out from Columbus through Indianapolis and Terre Haute, in Indiana, to Vandalia, in Illinois, and will terminate at St. Louis. There is nowhere in our country a finer road than the part of it which is finished from Wheeling to Columbus. It is now of great advan- tage to Ohio, and will be far more so when the whole line is completed. PKIStfCIPiLX. STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Cleave, land to Cincin- nati, To Strongsville, . Brunswick, Medina, Guilford, Jackson, Wooster, Loudonville, Mount Vernon, . . Sunbury, Genoa, Blcndon, COLUMBUS,... Cincinnati, 2. Front Wheeling, Va., to Cincinnati, via Zanesville and Columbus. To St. Clairsvillc, Morristown, Fairview, Middlcburn, Washing-ton, .... Cambridge, Norwich, Zanesville, Irville Hanover, Newark, Granville COLUMBUS,. . . Franklinton, .... Lawrenceville,. . . Springfield, Yellow Springs, . Xenia., Waynesville, .... Lebanon, Sharonville, Reading-, Cincinnati, 3. From Wheeling to Maysville, Ken. To Zanesville, . . . Somerset, Rushville, 22 29 35 41 53 73 94 117 122 129 139 252 18 28 36 42 50 6! 74 85 92 100 108 136 137 159 179 186 196 210 220 235 239 249 92 100 Lancaster, Tarlton, Kingston, Chillicothe, Bainbridge, Sinking Spring,. . West Union, .... Maysville, Ken.. . 4. From Wheeling to Cincinnati, via Chillicothe. To Zanesville, as in No. 2, Chillicothe, as in No. 3, Cincinnati, as in No. 24, 5. From Wheeling to Cincinnati, via Circleville and Lebanon. To Zanesville, as in No. 2, Cincinnati, as in No. 12, 6. Fro?n Sandusky City to Cincin- nati, via Dayton. Lower Sandusky, Fort Seneca, . . . Oakley, Tymochtee, Upper Sandusky, Grand, , Hardin, Bellefontaine, .... West Liberty, . . , Urbanna, Springfield, Fairfield, Dayton, Alexandersville,. . Miamisburg, .... Franklin, Middletown, Hamilton, Carthage, 1(1 110 15 125 8 133 10 143 18 161 16 177 23 200 18 218 74 69 143 93 236 74 161 235 6 13 15 3 43 55 64 74 90 110 120 130 143 156 166 173 176 183 189 202 217 Cincinnati, 6 7. From Ashtabula to Wheeling, Va. To Jefferson, .... Austinburg, ..... Morgan, Orwell, Bloomfield, , Bristolville, Warren, Canfield, Columbiana, New IAsbon, . Wellsville, Knoxville, Steubenville, Wellsburg, Wheeling, 8. From Sandusky City to Cincin- nati,via Spring- field and Yellow Sp-ings. To Springfield, as in No. 2, From Springfield to Cincinnati,via Yellow Springs, as in No. 2, . , 9. From Zanesville to Cleaveland. To Dresden, .... Roscoe, Coshocton, Newcomerstown, Gnaddenhutten, . . New Philadelphia, Zoar, Sandy ville, Canton, Greentown, Union, Middleburg, Talmadge, Northampton, . . . Stow, 9 6 3 11 5 4 11 16 11 10 12 8 13 8 16 143 70 304 GENERAL VIEW OF Cleaveland, as in No 10. From Colum- bus to Sandusky. To Blendon, .... Genoa, Sunbury, Mount Vernon, . . Fredericktown, . . Belleville, Mansfield, Truxville, New Haven, .... Lafayette, Norwalk, Milan, Sandusky, 11. From Steuben- ville to Char don. To Richmond,. . . Rocktown, Centreville, New Harrisburg, Waynesburg, . . . Canton, Randolph, Rootstown, Ravenna, Shalersville, .... Mantua, Auburn, Newbury, Chardon, 12. From Zanes- ville to Cincinnati, via Lebanon. To Lancaster, . . . Circleville, Williamsport, . . . New Holland, . . . Washington, .... Wilmington, .... Clarksville, Rochester, Lebanon, Cincinnati, 13. From Cincin- nati to Indianapo- lis, via Brookville To Cheviot, Miami, Harrison, New Trenton,. . . Brookville, Somerset, Rushville, Hanover, INDL&JfJlPOLiS, . 28 156 10 7 17 5 22 23 45 7 52 9 61 10 71 12 83 11 94 5 99 13 112 4 116 12 128 29 10 28 33 40 46 58 73 78 84 89 93 99 106 115 58 68 76 86 108 117 125 132 161 14. From Cincin- nati to Indianapo- lis, via Lawrence- burg. To Cheviot, Elizabethtown, . . Hardinsburg, .... Lawrenceburg,. . . Manchester, Napoleon, Greensburg, Shelbyville, IXDIAjYAPOLIS, . 15. From Cincin- nati to Greenville. To Carthage, .... Hamilton, Middletown, .... Franklin, Miamisburg, .... Alexandersville, . . Dayton, Little York, Union, West Milton, Troy, Piqua, Greenville, 74 Twinsburg, 91 115 16. From Dayton to Indianapolis. To Liberty, West Alexandria, Eaton, Richmond, Centreville, Germantown, . . . Dublin, Lewisville, Middleton,. Charlottesville,. . . Greenfield, Columbia, INDIAjYjIPOLIS, . 17. From Beaver, Pa., to Cleaveland. To Griersburg, . . Petersburg, Poland, Boardman, Canfield's, Elsworth, Milton, Palmyra, Edinburg, Ravenna, Stow, Hudson, Bedford, Newburg, 10 17 3 20 2 22 9 31 21 52 12 64 22 86 27 113 6 15 21 13 34 6 40 7 47 3 50 7 57 8 65 4 69 6 75 6 81 2 83 25 108 7 14 21 5 25 16 42 6 48 7 55 4 59 7 66 6 72 8 80 9 S9 10 99 12 111 12 9 21 9 30 3 33 5 38 5 43 8 51 3 54 7 61 6 67 G 83 5 88 7 95 5 ioo| Cleaveland, 18. From Erie, Pa., to Cleaveland. To Fairview, .... Springfield, Salem, Kingsville, Ashtabula, Geneva, Harpersfield, .... Unionville, Madison, Painesville, Mentor, Euclid, Cleaveland, 19. From Steuben- ville to Wooster. To Richmond, . . . Annapolis, Germano, New Rumley, . . . New Hagerstown, Leesville, New Philadelphia, Canal Dover, . . . Mount Eaton, . . Wooster, 5 105 20. From Beaver, Pa., to Lower Sandusky. To Ohioville, .... Foulkstown, New Lisbon, .... New Garden, . . . Paris, Osnaburg, Canton, Massillon, Dalton, Wooster, Jeromesville, .... Mifflin, Mansfield, Truxville, New Haven, .... La Fayette, ... . Norwalk, Monroeville, Lyme, York, Lower Sandusky,. 21. From Youngs- toicn to Salem. To Hubbard, .... Brookfield, Hartford Vernon, Kinsman's, 9 li 10 8 7 8 2 4 2 12 6 18 6 11 5 5 6 9 2 12 3 17 15 20 30 38 45 53 55 59 61 73 79 91 103 16 21 27 3d 38 50 53 70 85 18 32 41 55 61 65 73 84 95 110 120 128 140 151 156 169 175 181 190 199 12 17 22 28 OHIO. Williamsfield, . . . Andover, Pierpont, Kelloggsville, . . Salem, 22. From Steuben- ville to Zanesville. To Bloomfield,. . . Greene, Cadiz, Moorfield, Londonderry, . . . Winchester, Cambridge, Zanesville, 23. From Cleave land to Lower Sandusky. To Brooklyn,... Rockport, Dover, Elyria, Amherst, Henrietta, Florence, Eldridge, Milan, Norwalk, Monroeville, .... Lyme, YorK, Lower Sandusky, 24. From Chilli- cothe to Cincin- nati. To Bainbridge, . . Hillsboro\ Williamsburg, Batavia, Newtown, . . . Cincinnati, . . . 25. From Poland to Fairport. To Youngstown, . Weathersfield,. . . Warren, Southington, Farmington, Parkman's, Burton, Claridon, Chardon, Concord, Painesville, Fairport, 26. From Colum- bus to Upper San- dusky. ToWorthington,. Delaware, Norton, Marion, Little Sandusky, . Upper Sandusky, 27. From Colum bus to Ports mouth. South Bloomfield, Circleville, , Chillicothe, , Piketon, Lucasville, , Portsmouth, 28. From Marietta to Zanesville. To Carroll, Watcrford, Olive Green, .... McConnellsville, . Blue Rock, Zanesville, 29. From Lebanon to Brookville, In. To Monroe, Hamilton, Rossville, Oxford, Springfield, Brookville, 30. From Lancas- ter to Mount Vernon. To Pleasantville, . Thornville, Newark, Newton, Utica, Mount Vernon, . . 31. From Lancas- ter to Columbus. To Courtwright, . Lithopolis, Oregon, COLUMBUS,... 32. From Chilli- cothe to Gallipolis Richmond Dale, . Jackson, Gallipolis, 305 MICHIGAN. The country now constituting the territory of Michigan, was visited as early as 1648, by Jesuit missionaries from Canada, who converted many of the natives to Christianity, and erected several chapels in different parts of the country. About 1667, the traffic of the fur traders was considered of so much consequence that a body of military was sent from Lower Canada to protect them, by whom Detroit was founded, and some time afterwards Michillimackinac ; these, in connexion with other posts, enabled the French to extend their trade to the vicinity of the Mississippi river. In 1763, Michigan was ceded, with other parts of Canada, to the British government. This region, so remote from the Atlantic, was peopled slowly, and at the end of the revolutionary war, when ceded to the United States by the treaty of Paris, contained but few inhabitants. Under various pre- tences the British colonial agents retained Detroit, with all that is now Michigan, until after the treaty of Greenville, and the United States did not obtain actual possession of the country until 1796. The territory was — — 2 A 2 — — — 306 GENERAL VIEW OF formed in 1805, and had to sustain more than a share of the vicissitudes of the last war between the United States and Great Britain, and was in 1812 actually overrun and taken possession of by the troops of the latter, but in the ensuing season was retaken by an army of the United States, under the command of General Harrison. Relieved from the calamities of war, and laid open to Atlantic commerce and emigration by the great western canal of New York, the advance of Michigan in population has been rapid, and is at present estimated at from 50 to 60,000 souls. This territory will probably be admitted into the Union as an independent State, in the course of the present or following year. The country to which the name of Michigan is usually confined, is a large peninsula, with its base resting upon the States of Ohio and Indiana, and bounded on the east and north-east by Lake Huron, for a distance of 250 miles, and having Lake Michigan for its western boundary, an extent of 260 miles. It is in length about 288, and in breadth at the widest part, 190 miles. Its area being 38,000 square miles, or 24,320,000 of acres. Politically speaking, how- ever, Michigan embraces, besides the territory stated, that vast region situ- ated between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river, and Lake Superior and the State of Illinois, a territory 550 miles in extent from east to west, and upwards of 400 miles from north to south ; this is officially designated the territory annexed to Michigan, and it is also known as the North-west Territory. This region will probably soon be separated from Michigan proper, and organized as a distinct government under the title of the Ouis- consin or Huron territory. Michigan proper is generally a level country, having no mountains, and not many elevations that can properly be called hills. The centre of the peninsula is a table-land, elevated, however, but a few feet above the level of the lakes. Along the shore of Lake Huron there are in places high bluffs : along the east shore of Lake Michigan are immense hills of pure sand, of from 50 to several hundred feet in height, which have been blown up by the almost constant western winds sweeping over the lake and the sandy margin on its eastern side. The peninsula abounds in rivers : none of these have much extent of course, and but few of them are navigable to any considerable distance inland. Grand river is the largest: it empties into Lake Michigan: its whole course is about 150 miles, and it is navigable 50 miles from the lake to the rapids for sloops and steam-boats, and above that point there is sufficient depth of water for boats 50 miles farther. The St. Joseph's river is a considerable stream, and empties into Lake Michigan at the south-west angle of the territory. It is, like Grand river, navigable for large sloops to the rapids, and above them has a still farther extent of boat navigation. It flows through a very fertile region, variegated by prairies and high forests ; the country on this river is not surpassed, in point of beauty and fertility, by any in the Union. Newburyport, Niles, South Bend, and Saranac or St. Joseph's, on this river, are recent settlements, and bid fair to become flourishing and prosperous towns. A steam-boat trades regularly between the mouth of this river and Chicago, on the opposite side of the lake. The other considerable streams which flow into Lake Michigan, are the Kekamalazoo, Maskegon, Pent- water, Monistic, and Aux Betsies. Those which flow into Lake Erie, are the Maumee, Raisin, and Huron rivers. The Maumee is an important stream on account of the facilities which it, in connexion with the Wabash, will afford for inland navigation, by means of an intervening canal. This MICHIGAN. 307 river is navigable for steam-boats up to the rapids at Maumee and Perrys- burg in Ohio. The Clinton is the only considerable river which falls into Lake St. Clair. The Belle, and Black, or Dulude, fall into St. Clair river. The Saginaw, a considerable and important river, running northward, falls into Saginaw Bay, which is a part of Lake Huron. Many other, but smaller streams, fall into the same lake, such as the Thunder Bay, Sandy, Aux Carpe, and Cheboeigon rivers. The eastern parts of this territory, from various circumstances, became first settled. Within the i"e\v last years a great mass of emigrants have begun to spread themselves over this fine and fertile country. Situated, as it is, between the west, the south, and the east, with greater facilities for extensive inland water communication than any other country on the globe, with a fertile soil, of which millions of acres are fit for the plough, with a healthful climate, and with a concurrence of circumstances, inviting north- ern population, there can be no doubt that it will soon take its place as a State, and rival its western sister States. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips, peas, apples, pears, plums, cherries, and peaches are raised easily and in abundance. It is a country more favorable to cultivated grasses than the western country. In short, it is peculiarly fitted for northern farmers. No inland country, according to its age, popu- lation, and circumstances, has a greater trade. A number of steam-boats and lake vessels are constantly plying in this trade, which is with Macki- naek, Detroit, Chicago, and Ohio. The climate of this region, in consequence of its being level and penin- sular, and surrounded on all sides but the south, with such immense bodies of water, is more temperate and mild than could be expected from its lati- tude. The southern parts have mild winters, and the spring opens as early as in any part of the United States in the same latitude : the position of the northern parts must subject it to a Canadian temperature. The winter commences here early in November, and does not terminate until the end of March. At Detroit, in 1818, the mean heat of January was 24°, and in 1820, the mean heat of July was 69°, of December 27°. At Mackinack, one of the most northern settlements in the United States, the mean heat of October was 45°, of November 32°, and of December 21°. POPULATION OF COUNTIES IN MICHIGAN PROPER, IN 1830. Counties. Population 315 919 1,491 2,413 Michillimackinac. 877 3,187 4,911 County Towns. Niles. Edwardsburg. Tecumseh. Mount Clemens Mackinac. Monroe. Pontiac. St. Clair, . . . St. Joseph, . Van Buren, . Washtenaw, Wayne, Total, Population County Towns. 1,114 1,313 5 4,042 6,781 27,378 Palmer. W. Pigeon Prairie Ann Arbor. DETROIT. POPULATION OF COUNTIES IN THE TERRITORY ATTACHED TO MICHIGAN. The following' counties are situated between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river, in the Territory at present attached to Michigan : — Counties Brown, . . . Crawford, . Population 1,356 692 County Towns. Mcnomonie. Prairie duChien Chippewa, . Iowa, Total, . . . Population 626 1,587 4,261 County Towns. SaultdeSt.Mary Helena. 308 GENERAL VIEW OF Total population of Michigan in 1830, 31,039; of whom were, white Males, 18,108; white Fe- males, 13,178 ; deaf and dumb, 15 ; blind, 5 : total whites, 31,346. Free colored, 261 ; Slaves, 32 : total colored, 293. The following new counties have been made since 1830 :— Allegan, Arenac, Barry, Branch, Cal- houn, Clinton, Eaton, Gladwin, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Ionia, Isabella, Ingham, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lapeer, Midland, Montcalm, Ottawa, Oceana, Saginaw, Sanilac, and Shiawassee. FHINCIPAL STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Lower Sandusky to De- troit, M. T. To Perrysburg, . . Maumee, Port Lawrence,. . Monroe, Brownstown, .... Monguagon, .... DETROIT, .... 32 1 33 10 43 18 61 18 79 4 83 19 102 From Monroe to Tecumseh. To Atkinson,. . Raisinville,. . . . Summerfield,. . Blissfield, Adrian, Tecumseh, .... 3. From Detroit to 7 4 11 5 16 14 30 12 42 10 52 Chicago. To Lafayette, . . . Ypsilanti, Jonesville, Coldvvater, Sturges' Prairie, . Mottville, Edwardsburg, . . . South Bend, In. . . Chicago, 32 100 120 145 162 184 200 292 INDIANA. In common with the extensive region on the waters of the Ohio and Mis- sissippi, the territory now forming this State was visited at an early period by French traders and adventurers from Canada. About the year 1702, they established several small settlements at various places on the Wabash river ; and among others at Vincennes, which, for a long period, was de- nominated the Post, but subsequently received its present name after that of one of its commanders. The settlers were for near a century almost separated from the rest of mankind, and had, in many respects, assimilated themselves with the savages, with whom they had intermarried. During the war of the American revolution, Vincennes was reached and taken by a British force, and again reached and retaken by a small army, under the command of Colonel George Rogers Clarke ; and the inhabitants mani- fested a disposition so favorable to republican principles, that at the close of the war the general government of the United States ceded to them a tract of land in the neighborhood of Vincennes. From that period until the peace established by the treaty of Greenville, the widely scattered popu- lation of this region suffered severely from the attacks of the savages. In the year 1811, in consequence of the murders and depredations committed by them, a military force, under the command of General Harrison, was sent against them, by whom they were defeated, and compelled to sue for peace. During the late war, the tide of emigration was almost completely arrested. Many of the settlements were broken up by the savages ; but immediately on the termination of the contest, the tide set strongly again through Ohio to this State, and population poured in upon its woods and prairies. It has since been filled up with unexampled rapidity. Previous to the year 1800, Indiana was included in the territory north-west of the Ohio ; after that period, Indiana, and the territory now forming the State of Illinois, continued to be united under the title of Indiana Territory, until 1809, when they were separated into distinct territorial governments. In December, 1815, the inhabitants amounting to sixty thousand, the Legis- lature petitioned Congress for admission into the Union, and the privilege of forming a State constitution. A bill for this purpose passed Congress in April, 1816 : a convention of delegates met in conformity to it, by whom a State constitution was adopted, and Indiana became an independent State, and a member of the Union, in December following. INDIANA. 309 The State of Indiana is bounded on the north by Michigan and Lake Michigan ; east by Ohio ; south by the Ohio river, which separates it from Kentucky, and west by Illinois, from which it is separated in part by the Wabash river. The mean length is about 260, and mean breadth 140 miles ; area, about 36,000 square miles, or 23,040,000 acres. The Ohio river flows along the southern extremity of this State for upwards of 350 miles, estimated by the course of the stream. The principal river, besides the Ohio, is the Wabash, with its numerous branches, of which the most important are the Salamanic and Mississinewa, both entering on its south- ern side in the upper part of its course ; from the north it receives the Little, the Eel, and Tippecanoe rivers, and from the west several considerable streams, having their course mostly in the adjoining State of Illinois ; these are the Big and Little Vermillion, Embarrass, Bon Pas, and Little Wabash: and from the east the following are received, whose course is wholly within this State, viz. Sugar Creek, Raccoon Creek, and White and Patoka rivers. The White river is a valuable channel for trade, as it drains the central part of the State, and has several large confluents, of which its east and west forks are the principal. In the north-west part of the State are the Kankakee and Pickamink, both head waters of the Illinois river ; in the north and north-east are the rivers St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, and the St. Joseph of Maumee ; the former falls into Lake Michigan, and the latter, uniting with the St. Mary's river at Fort Wayne, forms the Maumee, which flows in a north-easterly direction into Lake Erie. The streams in the southern part of the State, are the White Water, a tributary of the Miami river, and Laughery, Indian, and Anderson's creeks ; also, Big and Little Blue rivers, and Great and Little Pigeon creeks, all of which flow into the Ohio river. There are no mountains in Indiana ; the country,, however, is more hilly than the territory of Illinois, particularly towards Ohio river. A range of hills, called the Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the W T abash, in a south-west direction, which in many places produces a broken and uneven surface. North of these hills lie the Flat Woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal streams, 'except the Ohio, there are strips , of bottom and prairie land ; both together, from three to six miles in width. Between the Wabash and Lake Michigan, the country is mostly champaign, abounding alternately with wood-lands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. A range of hills runs parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami to Blue River, alternately approaching to within a few rods, and re- ceding to the distance of two miles. Immediately below Blue River, the hills disappear, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, covered with a heavy growth of timber. There are two kinds of prairies, the river and the upland prairies ; the former are bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to exhibit vestiges of former cultivation ; the latter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and are far more numerous and extensive. Some of them are not larger than a common field, while others extend farther than the eye can reach. They are usually bounded by heavily timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned with copses of small trees. In spring and summer, they are covered with a luxuriant growth of grass and fragrant flowers, from six to eight feet high. The soil of these plains is often as deep and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies bordering on the Wabash are particularly rich. 310 GENERAL VIEW OF Wells have been dug in them, where the vegetable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was a stratum of fine white sand. The ordinary depth is from two to five feet. The principal productions of this State are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork, butter, whiskey, and peach- brandy. Not far from Big Blue River there is a large cave, the entrance of which is on the side of a hill, that is about 400 feet high. Here are found great quantities of sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom salt, and of nitre, &c. The climate is generally healthful and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. The Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it may be safely crossed on the ice. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Allen Bartholomew, Boone, Carroll, Cass, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, .... Daviess, Dearborn, .... Decatur, Delaware, Dubois, Elkhart, Fayette, Floyd, Fountain, Franklin, Gibson, Greene, Hamilton,. . . . Harrison, Hancock, Hendricks, . . . Henry, Jackson, Jefferson, Jennings, Johnson, Knox, Lawrence, . . . Madison, Population County Towns. 996 5,476 621 1,611 1,161 10,6S6 1,616 1,423 3,238 4,543 13,974 5,887 2,374 1,778 935 9,112 6,361 7,619 10,190 5,418 4,242 1,757 10,373 1,436 3,975 6,497 4,870 11,465 3,974 4,019 6,525 9,234 2,238 Fort Wayne. Columbus. Thorntown. Delphi. Logansport. Charlestown. Bowling Green. Frankfort. Fredonia. Washington. Lawrenceburg. Greensburg. Muncytown. Portersville. Pulaski. Connersville. New Albany. Covington. Brookville. Princeton. Bloomfield. Noblesville. Corydon. Greenfield. Danville. Newcastle. Brownstown. Madison. Vernon. Franklin. Vincennes. Bedford. Andersontown. Counties. Marion, .... Martin, Monroe, Montgomery,. . Morgan, Orange, Owen, Perry, ........ Pike, Posey, Putnam, Parke, Randolph, Ripley, Rush, St. Joseph, Scott, Shelby, Spencer, Sullivan, Switzerland,. . . Tippecanoe, . . . Union, Vanderburg, . . Vermillion,. . . . Vigo, Warren, Warrick, Washington, . . Wayne, Population County Towns. Total, in 1830 7,192 2,010 6,577 7,317 5,593 7,901 4,017 3,369 2,475 6,549 8,262 7,535 3,912 3,989 9,707 287 3,092 6,295 3,196 4,630 7,028 7,187 7,944 2,611 5,692 5,766 2,861 2,877 13,064 18,571 INDIMJV^POLIS Mount Pleasant. Bloomington. Crawfordsville. Martinsville. Paoli. Spencer. Rome. Petersburg. Mount Vernon. Greencastle. Rockville. Winchester. Versailles. Rushville. South Bend. New Lexington. Shelbyville. Rockport Merom. Vevay. Lafayette. Liberty. Evansville. Newport. Terre Haute. Williamsport. Boonsville. Salem. Centreville. 341,582 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1800 5,641 \ 1810, 24,520 1820, 147,178 1830, 341,582 INCREASE. From 1800 to 1810, 18,879 1810 to 1820, 122,658 1820 to 1830, 194,404 SLAVES. 133 237 190 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 176,513; Females, 1(31.507; deaf and dumb, 104 ; blind, 72 ; aliens, 230 : total whites, 338,020. Free colored Males, 1,792 ; Females, 1,770 : total, 3,5G2. The following new Counties have been laid off since 1830:— Grant, Huntingdon, La Grange, La Porte, Miami, and Wabash. INDIANA. 311 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. CANAL. Wabash and Erie Canal. By the Legislature of 1832, an act was passed supplemental to an act providing means for the construction of this canal. By this act, steps were taken to realize and render available the donation of lands, granted for this purpose, by the United States. Com- missioners were appointed to borrow money on the credit of the State for the prosecution of the work, and a train of measures arranged tending to a speedy completion of a union between the waters of Lake Erie and Indiana. RAIL-ROADS. Eight joint-stock companies were incorporated by the same Legislature for constructing rail-roads from Ohio river to Indianapolis, the seat of gov- ernment, and to different places on the river Wabash. Capital stock of all the companies, $4,000,000. An act was passed in January, 1832, to ratify and confirm an act of the Legislature of Kentucky, incorporating a company to build a bridge across the Ohio river, near the falls at Louisville. Capital, $500,000, divided into shares of $50 each. The privilege of subscribing one-fifth of this amount each, is reserved for a certain time to the States of Kentucky and Indiana, and the city of Louisville. Strict provisions are made for the security of the navigation of the Ohio, by boats and vessels of every description. PRINCIPAL STJLG-I! ROUTES. 1. From Indiana- polis to Terre Haute. To Belleville,.... Danville, Greencastle, Gallatin, Terre Haute, .... 2. From Indiana- polis to Madison. To Franklin, .... Edinburg, Columbus, Geneva, Vernon, Lancaster, Madison, 3. From Louisville, Ken. to Vincennes. To New Albany, . Greenville, Fredericksburg, . . Faoli, Hindostan, Mount Pleasant, . Washington, .... Berry ville, Vincennes, 4. From Vincennes to Lafayette. To Carlisle, Miles 20 7 22 35 12 1!) 14 30 47 71 75 91 97 111 Merom, .... Terre Haute, Clinton, .... Montezuma, . Newport,. . . . Perrysville, . Covington, . . Portland, . . . Attica, Lafayette, . . . 5. From Louisville. Ken., to Orleans. New Albany, In. . Jefferson ville, New Providence,. Salem, Orleans, G. From Richmond to Cincinnati. To Brownsville, Liberty, Dunlapsville, . . Fairfield, Brookville, . . . New Trenton, . Harrison, Cheviot, Cincinnati,. . . . 7. From Brookville to Centreville. Blooming Grove, 26 is 33 65 80 88! 97 112 119 126 133 159 Connersville, . . . Milton, Centreville, . From Madison to Terre Haute. To Lancaster, . . . Vernon, Geneva, Columbus, Bloomington, .... Bowling Green,. . Terre Haute, .... 9. From Vincennes to Evansville. Princeton, Sandersville, .... Evansville, 10. From Prince- ton to Mt. Zion, Ky. To Owensville, . . Cynthiana, New Harmony,. . Mount Vernon, . . Mount Zion, Ken. 11. From Cincin- nati to Indianapo- lis, via Brookville. See route No. 13. Ohio. 115 21 32 44 79 120 144 312 GENERAL VIEW OF 12. From Cincin- nati to Indianapo- lis, via Lawrence- burg, 113 See route No. Ohio. 14, 13. From Dayton to Indianapolis; via Centreville. Ill See route No. 16, 1 Ohio. ILLINOIS. The name which now belongs exclusively to this State, was, during a great part of the last century, bestowed upon all that vast tract of country which lies north and west of the phio, and was derived from the river Illi- nois, which, in the language of the Indians, by whom its banks were inhab- ited, signifies the river of men. The first settlements within the present limits of Illinois, were, like those of Indiana, made by the French, and were the consequence of the adventurous enterprise of M. De la Salle, in search of the Mississippi. This traveller set out from Canada, in the year 1670, in company with Father Hennepin and a few followers, and passing up the lakes to the head of Lake Michigan, descended the Illinois river. After remaining some time, he returned to Canada ; from whence he set out with a number of volunteers in 1673, for Illinois, and shortly afterwards founded the settlements of Kaskaskia and Cahobia. Here La Salle left his colony, and descended the Mississippi to its mouth. At the commence- ment of the eighteenth century, the settlements in Illinois are represented to have been in a flourishing situation. The descriptions given by French writers of the country at this time, were of the most captivating kind ; its beautiful scenery, fertile prairies, and supposed mineral wealth, were painted in glowing colours, and a new paradise seemed to open to Frenchmen on the banks of the Illinois. The settlements here, like those of Indiana, however, soon degenerated, and by degrees assimilated their manners to those of the Indians, among whom they resided. Of these savages the number and varieties at the epoch of the first settlement, and since, are not well ascertained ; in 1780, there were, according to Hutchins, twelve tribes inhabiting different parts of this State, the aggregate number of whose warriors amounted to near 6000 men. At the close of the revolutionary war, and by the treaty of 1783, the country was claimed under the char- ter of Virginia, and held by that State until ceded to the United States in 1787. It was then made a part of the territory north-west of the Ohio river ; in 180O, when the present State of Ohio was, with Michigan, formed into a separate territory, Illinois and Indiana remained united, and continu- ed one territory under the name of the latter, until 1809, when they were separated into two, and a distinct territorial government was established for the district now forming the State of Illinois. Indiana lying eastward and in the direction of the stream of emigration, preceded Illinois as a State : the admission of the latter into the Union took place in December, 1818. The State of Illinois is bounded north by the territory attached to Michi- gan ; east by Michigan and the States of Indiana and Kentucky ; south by Kentucky and Missouri; and west by the State and territory of Missouri. Its medium length is about 350 miles, and medium breadth 170 ; the area being about 59,500 square miles, or 38,080,000 acres. The Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash, form about two-thirds of the whole boundary of this State. The other most considerable rivers are the Illinois, Kaskaskia, Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, Mackinaw, Crow Meadow, ILLINOIS. 313 Rainy, Vermillion, Spoon, Rocky. Sangamon, Embarrass, Fox, Des Plaines, &c. The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, has been sur veyed for military bounty lands. Congress appropriated for this object 3,500,000 acres; and the surface actually surveyed amounts to an area about equal to 240 townships, each 6 miles square ; equal to 8,640 square miles, or 5,530,000 acres, nearly. It was necessary that the number sur- ve3 r ed should exceed the number appropriated, as the act of Congress pro- vides that the several portions granted shall be fit for cultivation. These lands are described as being very good. The southern and middle parts of the State are for the most part level. The north-western section is a hilly, broken country, though there are no high mountains. The climate resembles that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and wet lands in the southern part are unhealthy. The soil has been divided into six distinct kinds. 1. Bottom land, bear- ing a heavy growth of honey-locust, pecan, black-walnut, beach, sugar- maple, buckeye, pawpaw, grape-vines, &c. This land is of the first quality, and is found in greater or less quantities on all the considerable rivers. It is of inexhaustible fertility, and is annually cultivated without manure. 2. Newly formed land, found at the mouths and confluences of rivers. It pro- duces sycamore, cotton-wood, water-maple, water-ash, elm, willow, oak, &c. There are many thousand acres of this land at the mouth of the Wa- bash, and at the confluence of the Ohio with the Mississippi. It is annu- ally inundated, and is unhealthy. 3. Dry prairies, approaching the rivers and bordering on the bottom land, from 30 to 100 feet higher, and from 1 to 10 miles wide. These prairies are destitute of trees, except where they are intersected by streams of water and occasional tracts of woodland. It has been estimated that as much as two-thirds of the whole State consists of open prairie. The dry prairie has a black rich soil, well adapted to purposes of agriculture, and is covered with rank grass. 4. Wet prairie, found remote from streams, or at their sources. This is generally cold and unproductive, abounding with swamps and ponds, covered with tall coarse grass. 5. Land covered with timber, moderately hilly, well watered, and of a rich soil. 6. Hills, of a sterile soil and destitute of timber, or covered with stinted oaks and pines. The prevailing forest tree in Illinois is oak, of which as many as 13 or 14 different species have been enumerated. Honey-locust, black- walnut, mulberry, plum, sugar-maple, black-locust, elm, bass-wood, beach, buck- eye, hackberry, coffee-nut, sycamore, spice-wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab-apple, wild-cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are found in their congenial soils throughout the State. White pine is found on the head branches of the Illinois. Copper and lead are found in several parts of the State. Coal has been discovered in several places, on the Big Muddy, in great quantities near Brownsville, on the Kaskaskia, near the town of that name, near the town of Edwardsville on the Illinois, 50 miles above the Illinois lake, and in other places. Salt water is found in several places, sufficient to furnish immense quantities of salt. The famous salt-works belonging to the United States are in the vicinity of Shawneetown. Iron-ore has also been discovered. * Sulphur springs, chalybeate springs, and very strong impregnations "~ — — 314 GENERAL VIEW OF of pure sulphurate of magnesia or Epsom salts, abound in different parts. In the southern part of the State a number of sections of land have been reserved from sale on account of the silver ore which they are supposed to contain. The lead-mines in the vicinity of Galena, are very extensive and valuable. The mineral has been found in every portion of a tract of more than 50 miles in extent in every direction, and is supposed to occupy a territory of more than twice that extent. The ore lies in beds, or horizontal strata, varying in thickness from one inch to several feet. It yields 75 per cent, of pure lead. The staple productions of Illinois are Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, beef, •pork, horses, tobacco, and lead. The castor bean is raised, and oil is manu- factured from it, but not in large quantities. Good cotton is produced for home consumption, and is manufactured extensively in the families of farmers, into coarse fabrics, for domestic uses. Hemp, flax, and silk- worms succeed well. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, gooseberries, and currants, arrive at great perfection. Adams, Alexander, . . Bond, Calhoun, .... Clarke, Clay Clinton, .... Crawford,. . . Edwards, . . . Edgar, Fayette, .... Franklin, . . . Fulton, Gallatin, . . . Greene, Hamilton, . . . Hancock, . . . Henry, Jackson, Jefferson, . . . Johnson, Jo. Daviess, . Knox, Lawrence, . . Macon, Macaupin, . . Madison, . . . Population County Towns. 2,186 1,390 3,124 1,092 3,940 755 2,330 3,117 1,649 4,071 2,704 4,083 1,841 7,405 7,674 2,616 483 41 1,828 2,555 1,596 2,111 274 3,668 1,122 1,990 6,221 Quincy. America. Greenville. Gilead. Aurora. Maysville. Carlyle. Palestine. Albion. Paris. VANDALIA. Frankfort. Lewistown. Equality. Carrollton. McLeanboro'. Venus. Middletown. Brownsville. Mount Vernon. Vienna. Galena. Knoxville. Lawrenceville. Decatur. Carlinville. Edwardsville. Counties. Population County Towns. Marion, Mercer, Montgomery,. . Monroe, Morgan, Perry, Pike, Pope, Peoria, ) Putnam, £.'■"" Randolph, Sangamon,. . . . Shelby St. Clair, Schuyler, . . ) McDonough, £ Tazewell, Union, Vermillion, Warren, Wabash, Washington, . . Wayne, White, Total, in 1830, 2,125 26 2,958 2,000 12,714 1,215 2,396 3,316 1,310 4,429 12,960 2,972 7,078 2,959 4,716 3,239 5,836 308 2,710 1,675 2,553 6,091 Salem. Hillsborough. Waterloo. Jacksonville. Pinckneyville. Atlas. Golconda. Peoria. Hennepin. Kaskaskia. Springfield. Shelbyville. Belleville. Rushville. Macomb. Mackinaw. Jonesborough. Danville. Warren. Mount Carrael. Nashville. Fairfield. Carmi. 157,575 POPULATION AT DIFFERENT PERIODS. In 1810, 12,282 1820, 55,211 1830, 157,575 INCREASE. SLAVES. 168 917 746 From 1810 to 1820, 42,929 1820 to 1830 102,364 Of the above population of 1830, there were, white Males, 82,202 ; white Females, 72,074 ; deaf and dumb, 64; blind, 36; aliens, 447: total whites, 155,176. Free colored Males, 829 ; Females, 824: total, 1,653. Slaves— Males, 361 ; Females, 385 : total, 746 Colored, 2,399. Whole popula- tion, 157,575. The following new counties have been made since 1830 :— Coles, Cook, Effingham, Jasper, La Salle, McLean, and Rock Island. ILLINOIS. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 315 The Illinois and Michigan Rail-road is intended to commence at Chi- cago, on Lake Michigan, and continue in a south-westerly direction 11^ miles to the summit-level : in this distance the ascent is only 25 feet. After passing the summit-level it is to cross and continue along the river Des Plaines to the foot of the Illinois rapids, the distance of 85 miles, with a descent of exactly two feet a mile : thus giving, in a distance of 96^ miles, only 193 feet of rise and fall. From the termination of this rail-road, the Illinois river is navigable about 250 miles to the Mississippi. A canal has been for some time past projected, to traverse the same route as that described above for the rail-road. The route has been surveyed, and about 480,000 acres of land granted by the general government to the State for carrying it on. Much greater difficulties than were at first anticipated, have been ascertained to exist in the nature of the ground, from Chicago to the Des Plaines river, a distance of 20 miles, there being a sub- stratum of solid limestone a few feet below the surface. This circumstance will probably render the rail-road the more eligible improvement ; the com- pletion of either or both of them, will make Chicago a place of conse- quence, and will open up admirable facilities for the transportation of mer- chandise from the eastern to the Mississippi region of the Union. PRI2TCIPja.Ii STAGE ROUTES. 1. From Sliawnee- town to Bain- bridge, Mo. To i 7 ienna, Mount Pleasant, . Jonesboro\ Bainbridge, Mo. . . 2. From Shawnee- town to St. Louis, Mo. To Equality, . . . Curran, Frankfort, Nashville, Belleville, St. Louis, Mo. . . . 3. From Vincennes, In., to St. Lou is,Mo. Laiorenceville, II. Maysville, Salem, Carlyle, ! Lebanon, Belleville, St. Louis, Mo.. , 4. From Shaivnee- town to Vandalia. To Equality, Moore's Prairie, . Mount Vernon, . . Walnut Hill, .... Miles 40 10 10 10 29 45 91 125 140 50 87| 112 141i 153 168 Carlyle, VANDALIA,. 5. From Salem to St. Louis, Mo. To VANDALIA, Greenville, Hickory Grove,. . Edward sville, . . . St. Louis, Mo. . . . 6. From Vandalia to Galena. To Hillsboro\ .... Macaupin Point, . Spring-field, .... Peoria, Dixon's Ferry, . . Galena, 7. From Vincennes, In., to Danville. To Palestine, II. York, Darwin, Paris, Blooinfield, .... Georgetown, . . . Danville, 8. From St. Louis to Springfield, via Carrollton. To Lower Alton,. 20 1021 1 Carrollton, .. 132 1 White Hall,. Manchester, . '.Jacksonville, Berlin, Springfield, . 46 56 81 103 51 79 145 244 305 40 50 76 90 106 120 9. From St. Louis to Springfield, via Carlinville. Edwardsville, II. Carlinville, Macaupin Point, Springfield, .... 10. From Belleville to St. Charles, Mo. To Collinsville, Edwardsville, . Lower Alton, . . Upper Alton, . . St. Charles, Mo. 11. From Vin- cennes, In., to St. Louis, Bio., via Vandalia. To Salem, as in No. 3, VANDALIA,. . . St. Louis, as in No. 5, 11 60 74 83 94 115 130 62 86 114 113 190 316 GENERAL VIEW OF MISSOURI. The French, to whom the discovery of the Mississippi is owing, were the first adventurers into the territory within the limits of the State of Missouri. Many years, however, elapsed after the discovery, and the colony near the mouth of the Mississippi had risen into considerable importance, before any attempt was made to form a settlement so high up the river as its junction with the Missouri. The first settlers generally planted themselves on the eastern side of the Mississippi. Previous to the treaty of peace of 1763, by which Canada was ceded to Great Britain, few grants of land had been made on the western bank, and these were mostly for the purpose of mining. The first permanent settlements in the State of Missouri appear to have been made at St. Genevieve and New Bourbon, which were founded soon after the peace of 1763. In the succeeding year, St. Louis, the principal town in the State, was commenced. It was founded by a company of traders, associated under the name of Pierre, Laclade, Maxan, & Co., who rightly conceived it to be a spot where the trade of the Missouri, the Mississippi, and the other great rivers of that region, was likely to centre. In 1780, St. Charles, on the Missouri, was established ; and in 1787, New Madrid, on the Mississippi, which had been previously a settlement of hunters and traders, was laid out in the form of a regular built town, under the. direction of Gen. Morgan, of New Jersey. The settlements and towns remained feeble and scattered until after the cession of Louisiana to the United States. In 1804, Louisiana was divided, and the territory of Missouri created. Emigration, though not very rapid, carried the population in 1819 to the constitutional amount to entitle the people to a State government. Application was accordingly made to Con- gress, at the session of 1819-20, and after a stormy and protracted debate, turning principally on the admission or rejection of slavery, permission was given to the people of Missouri to form a constitution, admitting slavery under certain restrictions. Complying with the conditions, a constitution was formed, and on the 10th of August, 1821, Missouri became one of the United States. This State is bounded north and west by the Missouri Territory ; east by the Mississippi river, which separates it from Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee ; and south by Arkansas Territory. Its length is about 280 miles, and medium breadth 220; the area being 61,600 square miles, or 39,424,000 acres. The Mississippi river runs 550 miles along the eastern border of the State, whilst the Missouri flows 384 miles through it, and enters the Mis- sissippi. The western line of this State is the meridian which passes through the point of junction of the Kansas and the Missouri rivers. Besides the great rivers Mississippi and Missouri, this State is watered by various others of considerable magnitude. The largest arc the Osage, Grand, Salt, Chariton, Gasconade, Merrimac or Maramec, Big Black, and St. Francis. The Osage is a large river, navigable for boats 660 miles. Steam-boat navigation from St. Louis. — St. Louis is 1,200 miles, by the course of the river, above New Orleans, and is, next, to that city, the largest and most commercial town on the Mississippi. In the summer of 1831, there were six steam-boats regularly employed between St. Louis and New Orleans. A trip from one place to the other and back again usually occu- MISSOURI. 317 pies 24 days; the shortest time in which one was ever made, 18 days. The usual fare for cabin passengers descending, $20 ; ascending, $25 ; for deck passengers, $5 either way. Freight per lOOlbs. descending, 37^ cents ; ascending, 62 J cents. From St. Louis to Louisville, 630 miles : 10 boats are regularly employ- ed : usual time of a trip, 10 or 11 days ; the passage one way usually being somewhat more than three days ; fare of cabin passengers about $ 15, either way; deck passengers, $4; freight about 25 cents per lOOlbs. Boats also run regularly to Cincinnati, 150 miles above Louisville. From St. Louis to Fever River, about 480 miles : several steam-boats are regularly employed: time occupied by a trip, about 10 days : fare for passengers ascending, $12 ; descending, $9. The route of some of the boats is occasionally extended to St. Peter's River, 400 miles further up. In 1831, two boats were employed in running from St. Louis up the Missouri to Franklin, 200 miles, and to Fort Leavenworth, 200 miles further : freight to Franklin 75 cents per lOOlbs., and to Fort Leavenworth from $1.25 to $1.50 ; from Franklin down, 25 cents per lOOlbs. From St. Louis to Pekin, on Illinois river, 180 miles : several boats are regularly employed. Steam-boats, also, come occasionally to St. Louis from Pittsburg and other places. A great proportion of the land in this State is of the richest kind, pro- ducing corn, wheat, rye, oats, flax, hemp, and tobacco, in great abundance. The lands bordering on the Missouri, are exceedingly rich. They consist of a stratum of black alluvial soil, of unknown depth. As you recede from the banks of the rivers, the land rises, passing sometimes gradually, and sometimes abruptly, into elevated barrens, flinty ridges, and rocky cliffs. A portion of the State is, therefore, unfit for cultivation ; but this part of it, however, is rich in mineral treasures. The land is either very fertile or very poor ; it is either bottom land or cliff, either prairie or barren : there is very little of an intermediate quality. The climate is remarkably serene and temperate, and very favorable to health. The most remarkable feature in Missouri is its lead-mines, which are estimated to cover an area of about 3,000 square miles. The centre of the lead-mine district is about 70 miles south-west from St. Louis, and the principal diggings are included in an extent of 30 miles in one direction by 15 in another. The lead-ore is found in detached masses, and not in veins. The business of mining is, consequently, very uncertain. The ore is of that species called galena, and yields from 75 to 80 per cent. About 3,000,000 pounds of lead are annually made, giving employment to about 1,200 hands. In this region, are likewise found copper, zinc, manganese, antimony, iron, calamine, cobalt, &c. These lead-mines were wrought by the French, 100 years ago. POPULATION OF COUNTIES. Counties. Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Clay Cole, Cooper, Cape Girardeau. Population 8,859 6,1.59 1,780 5,338 3,023 5,904 7,445 County Towns. Counties. Columbia. Fulton. Chariton. Liberty. JEFFERSON C. Booncville. Jackson. Crawford, . . Franklin, . . Gasconado,. Howard,. . . Jackson,. . , Jefferson, . . Lafayette, . Population 1,721 3,484 1,545 10,854 2,823 2,592 2,912 Count}' Towns Little Piney. Union. Gasconade. Fayette. Independence. Herculaneum. Lexington. 2 B2 318 GENERAL VIEW OF Lincoln, Madison, .... Marion, Montgomery, . New Madrid,. Perry, Pike, Ralls, Randolph, . . . Ray, 4,059 2,371 4,837 3,902 2,350 3,349 6,129 4,375 2,942 2,657 Troy. • Fredericktown. Palmyra. Lewistown. New Madrid. Perryville. Bowling Green New London. Randolph. Richmond. St. Charles, . . . . St. Louis, St. Genevieve, , St. Francois,. . , Saline, , Scott, Washington, . Wayne, Total, in 1830 4,320 ;St. Charles. 14,125 J St. Louis. 2,186 St. Genevieve. 2,366 2,873 2,136 6,784 3,264 140,455 Farmington. Benton. Potosi. Greenville. Of the foregoing population, there were, white Males, 61,405; white Females, 53,300; deaf and dumb, 27 ; blind, 27 : total whites, 114,795. Free colored, 509 ; Slaves, 25,091 : total, 140,455. The following new Counties have been laid off since the census of 1830:— Audrain, Clarke, Lewis, Monroe, Pettis, Ripley, Stoddard, and Van Buren. PRINCIPAL STi5.G-E ROUTES. 1. From St. Louis to Palmyra. To Waltonham,. . St. Charles, Troy, Auburn, Bowling Green, . . Frankford, New London, .... Hannibal, Palmyra, 2. From St. Louis to Fayette. To St. Charles, Stockland, .... Lewistown, . . . Fulton, Millersburg, . . Columbia, Miles Miles. 6 14 20 37 57 16 73 16 89 11 100 12 112 8 120 10 130 20 10 30 45 75 35 110 10 120 14 134 Franklin, , Fayette, . 3. From St. Louis to Jefferson Bar- racks, 4. From Bain- bridge, Mo., to Little Rock, A.T To Jackson, Greenville, Hix's Ferry, A.T. Columbia, Jackson, Batesville, Little Red River,. LITTLE ROCK, 5. From Jackson 10 160 173 6 123 139 153 203 236 303 to St. Louis, Mo. To Perryville, . . Kaskaskia, II . • . Waterloo, Columbia, St. Louis, Mo.. . . 6. From Fayette to Independence. To Chariton, . . Walnut Farm,. Petitsaw Bluff, Lexington, .... Pleasant Grove, Independence, . 7. From Jefferson City to Fulton, To Hibernia, . . , Fulton, 50 84 93 112 21 51 74 88 113 23 MISSOURI TERRITORY. This vast extent of country, lying between the State of Missouri, Ar- kansas Territory, and the Mississippi river on the east, and the Rocky Mountains on the west, comprises the greater part of the western slope of the Mississippi valley, and is almost wholly uninhabited, except by Indians- It is part of the Louisiana purchase, and has been explored by Lewis and Clark, by Pike, and the gentlemen of Long's expedition. The number of In- dians in this territory, is estimated at from 120,000 to 140,000. The Sioux, or Dacotahs, Pawnees, and Osages, are the most numerous and powerful. The surface and soil of this great territory are different from any other of the same dimensions on the globe. The lower courses of the rivers that enter the Mississippi from this region, are wooded. In proportion as we ascend towards the mountains, the wood becomes more scarce, and the upper tributaries of those streams run through open prairies. There is also a fertile belt along the banks of all these streams, but in proportion as we diverge from them, the land becomes more sterile and parched. We sometimes travel whole days, without seeing water. A large portion of this country may be likened to the Great Sahara, or African desert. There is, however, in the most sterile parts, a thin sward of grass and herbage. — Countless droves of buffaloes, elk, and deer, range upon these vast prairies. MISSOURI TERRITORY. 319 They will probably, at some future period of our national existence, be | replaced by herds of domestic cattle, and flocks of sheep, followed by mov- ! ing bands of shepherds. To the west of these plains, the Rocky Mountains rise up in an abrupt manner, presenting a steep front, with numerous frown- ing, rocky precipices, and having many summits, covered with perpetual snow. Their black, precipitous, and desolate appearance, has probably obtained for them the name of the Rocky Mountains. They separate the waters of the great tributaries of the Mississippi from those that fall into the Columbia, Colorado, and other waters of the Pacific, In many places, the waters that run into the tributaries of the Mississippi, rise near those that fall into the Pacific. Thus has Nature kindly provided points of easy transit from the eastern to the western side of these frowning and appa- rently impassable barriers. It is asserted, by persons engaged in the fur trade, that following up the valleys of the sources of the Platte river to the opposite valleys of the waters that flow into the Pacific, a good road was found, and easily passable by loaded wagons. The great river of this territory is the Missouri, which, with its tributa- ries, drain three-fourths of it; the principal of which are, the Yellow-Stone, | or Roche Jaune, Little Missouri, Running Water, Platte, and Konzas, with their numerous branches, which enter on its south and west sides, and the Marias, Milk, Jacque, and Sioux, which run in on the opposite side. Red River, of Lake Winnepeek, flows for some distance through the north-east- ern part of this region : its principal branch is the Assiniboine, one of whose tributaries rises within a mile of the north bank of the Missouri. Red River is a broad, deep, and interesting stream, abounding with fish, and the country along its banks with elk and buffaloes. It is on the banks of this remote river, that Pembina, Lord Selkirk's interesting settlement, is located, just within the northern boundary of the United States. The Ar- kansas river forms, for a considerable part of its upper course, a portion of the national boundary. The head waters of this stream were first explored by Pike, and afterwards more thoroughly .by Long. It runs through a country where the traveller can often see nothing but a grassy plain, bound- less to the vision. The Semerone, or Negracka, Grand, Saline, and the Canadian river, which enters on its south side, near 600 miles from the Mississippi, are the most important of its branches. The most considerable streams which enter the Mississippi, in this terri- tory, are the St. Peter's, Lower Iowa, and the river Des Moines. The St. Peter's enters the Mississippi about 10 miles below the falls of St. Anthony, by a mouth 150 yards wide, and a depth of 15 feet water. Fort Snelling, a military garrison belonging to the United States, stands on the south bank of the Mississippi, at the junction of the two rivers. It is the most remote post in this section of the Union. The other 'military posts of the United States are Cantonment Leavenworth, on the Missouri river, a short distance above the Little Platte, and beyond the western limits of the State of Mis- souri. Cantonment or Fort Gibson, is situated on Grand River, two miles above its junction with the Arkansas. This is the most remote point of steam-boat navigation on the Arkansas river, it being 640 miles from the Mississippi by the meanders of the river. Foi'tTowson is on the Kiameche, a branch of the Red River, just above its junction with that stream, and a few miles beyond the western boundary of Arkansas territory. These posts are all garrisoned by United States' troops, and are intended to check J 320 GENERAL VIEW OF and keep in awe the Indian tribes in their vicinity. On our General Map of the United States will be found Fort Calhoun, at the Council Bluffs, on the Missouri river, a short distance above the Platte river. This was a mili- tary station of the United States, but has been for some time abandoned. Fort Mandan, on the north bank of the Missouri, not far below the Little Missouri, was the wintering place of Lewis and Clark, in 1804-5, on their journey to the Pacific Ocean. This is still retained, though improperly, on maps. OREGON TERRITORY. To this region the United States have acquired a title by the Louisiana treaty, by the discovery of the principal river, and by interior exploration. It is, however, contested by Great Britain, who claims, not that the title is in her, but that the region is unappropriated, and open to the first comer. By a convention concluded in 1828, to last twelve years, it was agreed between the United States and Great Britain that neither government should take possession of it, or occupy it, to the exclusion of the other, during the period of the convention, which either party might renounce upon giving twelve months' notice. This territory has been so named in the congressional discussions that have taken place in reference to the country. It was first discovered by the Spaniards, who, however, did not penetrate into the interior. In 1791 Captain Gray, of the ship Columbia, of Boston, entered the great river of this region, and from him it received the name, of his ship. The celebrated navigator, Capt. Vancouver, was then at Nootka Sound, and the discovery was very frankly and fortunately communicated to him, who sent one of his principal officers to examine the channel, and in his narrative admits the fact ; thus placing the right of prior discovery in the United States, beyond dispute, on British evidence. In 1805, Lewis and Clark were sent out by the United States' Government, for the express purpose of exploring this country: they navigated the Missouri to its source, and crossing the Rocky Mountains, descended the Columbia river to the Pacific Ocean, and spent the winter on its shores ; they returned by the same river to the mountains, and most of the exact information that we have of the country is from them. The question of settling this territory permanently, has been more than once debated in Congress : were such settlement author- ized, and rendered secure by the requisite military establishments, there can be no doubt that it would receive large accessions of settlers. Some attempts have been made by individuals to induce the United States' Government to take possession formally of the territory; and in 1810, a private expedi- tion, at the expense and under the direction of John Jacob Astor, Esq. of New York, actually formed an establishment, and named the principal depot Astoria. This colony of 120 men, went out well provided for trade and agriculture. Two years after the first settlement of Astoria, they had established themselves at five other places ; these posts, however, have not been sustained : some have been abandoned v and others have passed into the possession of the British Hudson's Bay Company, which has trading establishments, extending through various parts of this region, from the mountains to the Pacific. The boundary of this great region on the north OREGON TERRITORY. 321 is the parallel of 54° 40',* north latitude, which forms a provisional bound- ary line between this territory and the Russian American possessions ; on the south the parallel of 42° north latitude separates it from the Republic of Mexico ; on the east is the territory of Missouri ; and on the west the Pacific Ocean. The surface of the country, so far as it is known, is bro- ken and mountainous ; it is traversed on its eastern boundary by the vast ridges of the Rocky Mountains, many of the elevated peaks of which rise above the limits of perpetual congelation. Westward of the mountains the country descends by regular slopes, in form of immense terraces or descend- ing plains, disposed regularly one below the other. At the distance of from 120 to 160 miles from the Pacific, and nearly parallel with the coast, a range of mountains extend, which have as yet received no general desig- nation ; the highest peaks have been named Mount Jefferson, Mount Hood, Mount St. Helen's, Mount Regnier, &c. The only rivers explored in this territory are the Columbia or Oregon, and its branches. This noble stream has its head waters near those of the Missouri, and collects its tribute for a wide extent along the western dividing ridges of the Rocky Mountains ; its principal tributaries are Lewis', Clark's or Flat Head, M'Gillivray's, Okina- gan, and the Multnomah rivers. The Columbia and its 'branches abound in the finest salmon, which seem to constitute the chief article of food of the natives west of the Rocky Mountains. Seals and other aquatic animals are taken in great numbers, and the skins shipped to China, which consti- tutes one of the chief articles of trade from this part of the world. The country bordering on the Columbia and its branches, is represented as hav- ing a good soil, and is covered with heavy timber, consisting chiefly of various species of fir ; many of the trees being of enormous height. The other rivers of any note are the Caledonia and Frazer's or Tacoutche Tesse, (and its principal tributary Thompson's river) : these flow into the Gulf of Georgia. On the head waters of the two last mentioned streams, the Hudson's Bay Company has some trading houses or forts. There are several lakes in this region ; the largest are Flat Bow, the Upper and Lower Lakes of the Columbia, Caledonia Lake, the source of the river of that name, and the Okinagan Lake, from which flows a considerable branch of the Columbia. On the coast of this territory are the countries, denomi- nated by British navigators, New Georgia, and New Hanover; and imme- diately north of the northern head waters of the Columbia, and west of the Rocky Mountains, is New Caledonia. Of these remote countries but little is known with certainty. There are numerous tribes of Indians west of the Rocky Mountains, the whole numbers of which, within this territory, are estimated at 100,000. Some of these are singularly designated, as Flat Heads, Flat Bows, Pointed Hearts, Pierced Noses, &c. The Shoshones or Snake Indians, are the most powerful, and are supposed to amount to about 15,000. The representation of this region on our general map of the United States, is probably more complete, for its scale, than any other extant : in addition to what is found in the latest maps, many items of information, derived from the late work entitled Ross Cox's Adventures on *By an inadvertence in the engraving of our general Map of the United States, the north- ern boundary line of this territory has been carried along the parallel of 54°.north latitude, instead of 54° 40'. Those who may consult this part of the map will please consider this. The 40°of latitude will be a belt of about 46=} English miles, which should be added on and north of the engraved line. 322 GENERAL VIEW OF the Columbia River, have been introduced into it. The climate on the coast of the Pacific is believed to be milder than on the same parallels of latitude on the Atlantic. When Lewis and Clark left this country in March, the prairies were in blossom, and the forwardness of the season seems to have corresponded with that of North Carolina, at the same period. The win- ters are rainy, and among the mountains the cold is very severe. OUISCONSIN TERRITORY. (Pronounced Wiscon'sin.) Tnrs vast region has hitherto been politically connected with Michigan ; but as that territory has as distinct geographical limits as any State in the Union, and this region is only connected with it by circumstances of a tem- porary nature, which no doubt will in a short period cease to exist, it is evident that this section of the United States ought to be viewed, geograph- ically at least, as a territory by itself. It is in length, from east to west, about 550 miles, and 400 in breadth, from north to south ; the area is about 100,000 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Lake Superior and the British Possessions ; south by the State of Illinois ; east by Lake Michi- gan, and west by the Mississippi river, and by a line drawn from its source to the northern boundary of the United States, which separates it from Mis- souri territory. The principal rivers, besides the Mississippi, are the Ouis- consin, Chippeway, St. Croix, and Rum River, all of which flow into the Mississippi. The streams which run into Lake Superior are numerous, but brief in their length of course ; the most considerable of them are the St. Louis, Montreal, Ontonagon, and Huron. The Mennomonie, Wolf, and Fox rivers flow into Green Bay. The largest tributary of the Mississippi, in this territory, is the Ouisconsin, which rises in the northern interior of the country, and has a course of between 3 and 400 miles, with a shallow and rapid current : it is, however, generally boatable in good stages of the water, and is 800 yards wide at its mouth. There is a portage of 1\ miles between this and Fox river ; it is over a flat prairie, so little elevated above the water level of the contiguous rivers, that small craft are navigated, in seasons of high water, from one stream to the other. The Chippeway is a considera- ble branch of the Mississippi, and enters just below Lake Pepin ; it is half a mile wide at its mouth, and is navigable for boats upwards of 100 miles. It communicates by a short portage with Lake Superior, by the Montreal river. A canal of six miles, over a perfectly level plain, would connect this stream with the preceding, and furnish a continuous navigation from Buffalo to the Mississippi river. On the banks of the Mennomonie, a tribu- tary of the Chippeway river, the settlements of Bloomingport and Fairport have been formed under the auspices of, and on a tract of country belonging to, the Mississippi Land Company of New York ;* the same that has been * This tract is represented on the Map. It is situated between 44° 26' and 46° north lati- tude, and 13° and 16° longitude west from Washington. It is principally in Crawford county, in Ouisconsin, or the territory annexed to Michigan. It is now owned arid claimed by an asso- ciation of gentlemen residing principally in the State of New York, under the title of the Mississippi Land Company of New York. They claim it as grantees of the heirs of the late Captain Jonathan Carver, and their title was recognized by the chiefs of the Sioux Nations, in 1821, and again formally recognized and confirmed in 1824, by the chiefs, before the late Wm. P. Van Ness, Esq. Judge of the District Court of the United States for the Southern Dis- OUISCONSIN TERRITORY. 323 hitherto known as Carver's Tract. The soil, in the vicinity of the settle- ment, is of good quality, partaking of woodland and prairie in convenient proportions ; and the river is boatable at all seasons, except when closed by ice, affording a constant communication with the Mississippi. Green Bay settlement is situated at the outlet of. Fox river, and is prosperous and thriving. Prairie du Chien is a considerable village ; it is a place of importance as an outlet from the Upper Mississippi to its lower waters. It is situated near a beautiful prairie, and at certain seasons of the year it is populous, bustling, and busy. Curious modes of justice, and of dispatching business, have been adopted here by prescription. Frequent voyages are made from St. Louis to this place in steam and keel-boats. This is a fine region for hunt- ers : in the upper part of the country, buffaloes, elk, bears, and deer are numerous, and beavers, otters, and muskrats are taken for their furs ; the trappers and Indians roam over immense prairies in pursuit of their objects. In some parts of it, the soil is fertile ; white and yellow pine, and white birch, are common among the forest-trees. All the water-courses, ponds, and marshes are covered with wild rice, which constitutes a considerable part of the food of the inhabitants. This is a country abounding in minerals : in it lead is found in great abundance, and also copper and iron. The lead region is in the southern part of the territory ; it extends from the Ouiscon- sin to Rock river, and is probably 200 miles in length, by 100 in breadth. The ore is supposed to be inexhaustible, and very rich, yielding from 50 to 85 per cent. The southern parts of this extensive region, possess a cli- mate comparatively mild, and not much unlike that of the northern parts of Missouri. At the Falls of St. Anthony, the summers are temperate, and the winters frequently very cold. The whole population is at present esti- mated at from 20,000 to 25,000. The Mississippi river was ascended above the Falls of St. Anthony, as early as 1680, by Father Hennepin, who remained some time in the coun- try, and endeavored to convert the savages to Christianity. This territory was also subsequently visited by La Hontan, who traversed it to some ex- tent ; the geographical descriptions of both are, however, difficult to be recog- nized at this time. Between the years 1766 and 1768, Capt. Jonathan Carver, an officer in the Massachusetts provincial line, who had served with reputa- tion under General Wolfe, in the conquest of Canada, visited and explored a considerable portion of this region. He remained some time among the natives, and succeeded in an eminent degree in gaining their confident ^nd friendship. He afterwards visited England, for the purpose of publishing an account of his travels, and obtaining remuneration from the British government for his services in the prosecution of what was certainly an object of great national advantage, the country he had explored being at that period almost entirely unknown in England. He was, however, treated trict of New York. The deed, or gift from the Indians to Captain Garver, was dated on the first of May, 1767, and is stated to have been granted for services rendered to the Indians during Carver's visit among them ; and copies of it will be found in the second edition of Car- ver's Travels, published in London in 1781, and in the archives of Congress, and of the War Deparlment of the United Slates. "The tract contains between eight and nine millions of " acres of land, and is described as beginning at the Falls of St. Anthony, on the east bank of " the Mississippi river, running south-east as far as the south end of Lake Pepin, where the " Chippeway joins the Mississippi; and from thence eastward five days' travel, accounting "twenty English miles a day; and from thence north six days' travel, accounting twenty Eng- ! " lish miles per day ; and from thence to the Falls of St. Anthony, in a direct straight line." 324 GENERAL VIEW OF OUISCONSIN TERRITORY. with marked ingratitude, and not only failed in obtaining remuneration for his services, but his charts and papers, which he had previously submitted to government, were withheld from him, so that he was prevented from pub- lishing his work until nearly ten years afterwards. There can be little doubt that the principal if not the sole reason, why Captain Carver was dis- appointed in the support he expected from the British government for his services, was owing to the peculiar condition of the American colonies and Great Britain. The work of Carver presented a favorable view of the country and its future resources, and it did not accord with the designs of the ministry of that day to give it sanction or currency. The most modern and accurate account of this country, is to be found in Colonel Long's Second Expedition. The military posts are Fort Brady, at the Sault de St. Mary ; Fort How- ard, at Green Bay ; Fort Winnebago, at the Portage, between the Fox and Ouisconsin rivers ; and Fort Crawford, at the junction of the Mississippi and Ouisconsin, below and adjoining the village of Prairie du Chien, all of which are garrisoned by troops belonging to the United States' army. A bill is now before the Congress of the United States, having for its object the admission of Michigan Proper into the Union, as a new State, and the organization of the region described above into a distinct territorial government. In the selection of a general name, for which Ouisconsin and Huron have both been proposed, the former will probably be adopted, in consequence of being the name of its principal river. The counties in this territory are Brown, Chippeway, Crawford, Iowa, and Michillimackinac, a part of which is on the eastern side of Lake. Michigan. (For the popula- tion of these, see Michigan A