SCHOOL LIBRARY HANDBOOK « Publication No. 197 North Carolina School Library Handbook issued by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction Raleigh, North Carolina of % (Miction of Worilj (teoltmsma Sljta book mm prtBtxtUb Q> OZT.8 >Jft7pi2.3, d-3 Publication No. 197 North Carolina School Library Handbook Third Edition MARY PEACOCK DOUGLAS State School Library Adviser issued by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction Raleigh, North Carolina 1942 "A library is a place to make people happy, to help them become wise, and to encourage them to become good." — John Cotton Dana. CONTENTS Chapter Page Foreword 5 Introduction 7 I. Standards for School Libraries 9 II. Organization of the School Library 21 III. Library Practices in the Elementary School 36 IV. Selection of Books 41 V. Magazines 54 VI. Audio-Visual Materials 60 VII. Lessons on the Use of the Library 70 VIII. Publicity and Displays 97 IX. Student Librarians and Library Clubs 118 X. School Librarian's Professional Responsibility 125 Index 131 do Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Ensuring Democracy through Digital Access (NC-LSTA) http://www.archive.org/details/northcarolinasch1942doug FOREWORD A most important ability in school and in life is effective reading. Reading is definitely and closely related to the school library program. With the newer methods of teaching it is necessary that the library be well organized, well equipped and well administered if it is to be effective in child development. With these needs in mind this bulletin has been prepared with the hope that it will be helpful to both the trained and the un- trained librarian. Its contents deal with the simple everyday procedures of school library organization and administration. It is designed to stimulate a greater usefulness of library materials, for the library is of little value unless the book collection is read. Problems which come frequently to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction have been used as a basis for the preparation of material to be included here. The school library with a varied and well selected collection of books, pamphlets, magazines, and other printed materials should be one of the major integrating factors of the educational pro- gram. It should be an effective bridge from one subject field to another and should link all subjects together into unified knowl- edge for the pupil. To carry out this idea the library has as its objectives: 1. To acquire varied and appropriate materials and to organize them for effective use. 2. To teach boys and girls to use books and libraries effectively. 3. To stimulate boys and girls to enjoy and appreciate printed materials. 4. To encourage pupils to supplement their school studies by the use of printed materials other than the textbooks. 5. To encourage boys and girls to develop effective attitudes and habits of reading for pleasure and for information. The library room should be made attractive so that young people like to come there. The books should be interesting and in good physical condition so that the boys and girls like to read them and have respect for them. Reading should be encouraged for both immediate and future enjoyment and improvement. The library, school and public, as a source for information and recreation should become an inte- gral part of each child's education. 6 North Carolina School Library Handbook I am sure that you who use this bulletin will find it stimulating and serviceable. I am glad that it could be made available to you as you continue to improve our school libraries and their services. May 20, 1937. The interest that has been displayed in the first edition of this bulletin has been most gratifying. The original printing has been exhausted. This second edition is issued in response to requests for additional copies which I am glad to be able to provide. The improvement in our school libraries in the past few years has been marked. I hope that better and better libraries will be provided for our boys and girls. October 1, 1938. In the preparation of the third edition of the North Carolina School Library Handbook considerable revision of the earlier material has been effected. Deletions and additions have been made in keeping with school library trends and at the sugges- tions of school librarians active in our own State. It is our hope that this bulletin will prove even more useful than the two editions which preceded it. State Superintendent of Public Instruction. February 10, 1942. INTRODUCTION The school library is essential as a teaching force and as an agency through which a considerable amount of teaching can be done and many sorts of learning can take place. The essentials of real library service include an adequate book collection, a library reading room, classroom library corners, a trained sym- pathetic librarian, and understanding cooperative teachers. The best use of available materials should be emphasized. A conscientious effort should be made to see that boys and girls 1. Learn to enjoy reading. 2. Develop judgment in selecting worth-while books. 3. Acquire the ability to use factual books. 4. Form the habit of using libraries and library materials. 5. Respect the rights and privileges of using public property. In order to carry out this program the books for the library must be selected to meet the interest, subject matter and reading level needs of the boys and girls. The present book collection in every school should be evaluated and books of questionable value should be discarded, leaving only the useful material. After this has been done, new books should be added to make a balanced library collection. This bulletin contains a brief list of reference books suitable for elementary and high schools. It does not contain a list of books for recrea- tional reading or a list for informational reading. Such a list is prepared annually by the State Department of Public Instruc- tion and published by the North Carolina Education Association as its Library Book Catalogue. The list is available on request. Books listed can be bought from the North Carolina Education Association, from the individual publishers, or from any reputa- ble book jobber. Elementary schools which rent supplementary readers from the State Textbook Commission will in time cumulate funds which may be expended for elementary school library books. The books must be selected from the Book List for the Elemen- tary School Library issued by the State Textbook Commission and prepared by the State School Library Adviser. Some of the material included in this bulletin has been issued from time to time in mimeographed form. If the demand has seemed to justify it, it has been revised and reprinted here. Any other materials needed by school librarians or teacher-librarians will gladly be prepared. The office of the State School Library Adviser is entirely a service one. Opportunities to help with school library problems are welcomed. Mary Peacock Douglas, State School Library Adviser, Division of Instructional Service. CHAPTER I Standards for School Libraries LIBRARY REQUIREMENTS FOR STANDARD ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS I. Books. A basic minimum book collection averaging tivo books per pupil in average daily attendance selected from the State approved lists for elementary schools and including the dis- tribution indicated below. Duplications are not counted in the first 500 books. Sets of books other than the required encyclo- pedia are not counted in the first 300 books. Textbooks are not counted as library books. Supplementary readers in sets are not counted as library books. Not more than five copies of any approved title are counted as library books. A. Approved children's encyclopedia — One set (named in order of preference). This may be purchased through the State Textbook Commission. 1. Gompton's Pictured Encyclopedia. F. E. Compton Co., Chicago, Illinois. 2. World Book Encyclopedia. W. F. Quarrie Co., Chicago, Illinois. 3. Britannica Junior Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica, Chi- cago, Illinois. B. Unabridged dictionary — One. This may be purchased through the State Textbook Commission at discount prices. 1. Webster's New International Dictionary Unabridged. G. and C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass. 2. New Standard Dictionary Unabridged. Funk and Wagnalls Co., New York City. C. Types of books. Minimum Collection Civics and Citizenship (300-397) 10 Science (500-599) 10 Useful Arts Inventions, Machinery (600-609, 620-679, 690-699) _ 5 Health (610-619) 10 Industrial Arts (680) 10 Fine Arts Art (700-759) _ _ 10 Music (780-789) 10 10 North Carolina School Library Handbook Literature Stories, Fairy Tales, etc. (800's, F, 398, 591) 80 Poetry (811, 811.8, 821, 821.8) 20 Geography and Travel, including Atlas (910-919) 40 History and Biography (900-909, 920-999) 40 Easy Books for Grades 1-3 (E) 20 Titles in Each Classroom 60 After the above minimum subject collection has been se- cured, books should be added in all fields, so that the library averages two books per pupil. A good percentage distribution guide for the book collection follows : Deioey Decimal Nos. Subject Percentage 000-099 General Works 2% 100-199 Philosophy and Conduct y 3 % 200-299 Religion and Mythology y 3 % 300-397 Social Science 8% 400-499 Languages y 3 % 500-599 Science 10% 600-699 Useful Arts 10% 700-799 Fine Arts 5% 800-899 Literature 5% 910-919 Geography and Travel 12.%% 900-909, 920-999 History and Biography 10% F and 398 Fiction and Fairy Tales 16y 2 % E and P Easy and Picture Books for Grades 1-3 20% II. Magazines. Minimum of five magazines of an elementary school reading level. See annotated list of magazines, pages 54-56. HI. Organizations and records. See Chapter II — Organization of the School Library. A. Accession record kept up-to-date. This may be part of the shelf list in schools employing trained librarians. B. Books classified and marked by the Dewey decimal classifi- cation system. C. Simple shelf list on cards. D. Card loan system with record of circulation kept. E. Record of yearly additions, discards, total number of books, circulation statistics. F. State Annual Library Report blank filled out and sent in. See pages 23-24. Standards for School Libraries 11 IV. Library room, furniture, and equipment. A. A library room large enough and equipped to seat an en- tire class group is desirable. Help on plans for the furni- ture and equipment of such a room is available from the State School Library Adviser, State Department of Public Instruction, Raleigh, North Carolina, to any school super- intendent. B. Where a library room is not available, a book storage room may be useful. C. Book shelving in every classroom. Shelving should not be over 5 (five) feet high. Shelving should be placed so that every child can reach every shelf. Shelving 8 (eight) inches deep cares for regular sized books. Picture books usually require shelves 10-12 (ten to twelve) inches deep. Slanting shelving similar to magazine shelving is desirable for thin picture books. Space between shelves should be at least 10 (ten) inches in the clear. D. A special cabinet should be provided for storage of teach- ing materials and old books. The library book shelves should not be used for this purpose. E. Tables 3 ft. by 5 ft., each to seat not more than six. Chairs of suitable height for tables. 14 in. chairs for 24 in. tables. 16 in. chairs for 26 in. tables. 18 in. chairs for 28 in. tables. V. Lessons on the use of books and libraries. See Chapter VII — Lessons on the Use of the Library. A. Care of books. B. Make-up and printed parts of books. C. Use of the dictionary. D. Use of the encyclopedia. E. Arrangement and use of the library. F. Classification of the books. G. Use of the card catalog. (This is taught if there is a card catalog.) H. Simple bibliography making. I. Note taking. J. Special reference books — atlas, handbook of games, hand- book of science, etc. 12 North Carolina School Library Handbook VI. Librarian. It is desirable that there be at least one teacher in each school who has had some library training and who is placed in charge of the Elementary School Library. She should not be assigned other extracurricular duties. VII. Professional books. Ten or more professional books selected from those listed in the State Course of Study and from lists which may be supplied from time to time by the State Department of Public Instruction. LIBRARY REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCREDITED HIGH SCHOOLS I. Library room. A. Size of classroom as minimum. B. Floor space to seat 10% of the student body up to 1,000 students at tables with chairs. A minimum of 36 seats should be provided. C. Floor space of approximately 25 square feet per reader cares for tables, chairs, aisles, furniture. D. Room centrally located, well heated, well ventilated, well lighted. E. Librarian's workroom or conference room, preferably with running water (may be provided by cutting off one corner of the room with low shelving) . This is needed for routine work, mending, magazine storage, and the like. It should contain shelves and storage space. E. Walls and ceiling should be light colored. Suitable colors for walls are pale green, pale green-blue, yellow and peach. Ceiling should be light ivory. G. Floor covering or chair slides (or both) should be pro- vided. H. Library open entire school day under supervision. II. Furniture and equipment. A. Shelving built according to specifications, allowing shelf space for 5-10 volumes per pupil, estimating 8 books per linear foot. 1. Shelving should not be over 7 ft. high. 2. Each shelf 36 in. long with solid upright between sections. Standards for School Libraries 13 i — ^ — fi a ^ t-.»/— ) t-jV-i ? t«/-< t-Jft . -.fit -J"- 1 I I fsx ° s / V I I £C niiN noo W \J o Q til < ft! 03 C — o — 14 North Carolina School Library Handbook 3. Shelves should be 8 in. in depth. 4. Shelves and uprights should be made of % in. or % in. boards. 5. Metal strips and brackets provide adjustable shelves. 6. When stationary shelving is built, 10 in. in the clear should be provided between shelves. One section should have 12-14 in. space between shelves for large volumes, such as encyclopedias. 7. All projections along uprights, tops, or sides should be avoided. 8. A 2 in. cornice and a 6 in. base are satisfactory. 9. Shelves should have a veneer or composition board back, or should be fastened to the wall to assure firmness. B. Tables — Standard size (3 ft. by 5 ft. to seat 6, or 3 ft. by 7 ft. to seat 8, 28 to 30 in. high) . Tables should be strongly built without foot rests or drawers. C. Chairs — Strongly built, standard height (18 in.), without arms. See State contract for school furniture. D. Librarian's desk. A flat-top desk similar to that for a teacher is desirable in the small school. The top drawer should be deep enough to hold 3 in. by 5 in. book cards. In larger schools a regulation library loan desk is desirable. E. Pamphlet or vertical file to care for pamphlets, pictures, clippings, etc. (At least 4 drawers.) Preferably legal size. F. Catalogue case (at least 6 drawers) to hold 3 in. by 5 in. catalog cards. Each drawer should be fitted with a rod. G. Bulletin board — Cork, masonite, or celotex is satisfactory. 24 in. by 36 in. or larger is a convenient size. H. Magazine and newspaper racks. (May be made as part of shelving.) I. Dictionary stand of wood. J. Typewriter (for larger schools). III. Books. A. Basic collection of 300 titles selected from the State ap- proved lists and including the distribution indicated below. Government documents, textbooks, and pamphlet type books are not included. 1. Standard Catalog for High School Libraries. (Order from H. W. Wilson Company, 950 University Avenue, New York, giving school enrollment) 1 2. Approved encyclopedia copyrighted within a ten year period (World Book, Americana, Britannica) 1 set 3. Government, Civics, Economics (300-397) 10 4. Language — Unabridged dictionary and language dic- tionary for each language taught 2 Standards for School Libraries 15 5. Science (500-599) _ - -~ - 25 6. Useful Arts (600-699) __ __ _ 10 7. Fine Arts (700-799) ._ 10 8. Literature: Essays, plays, etc. (800-899 except poetry) 25 9. Poetry (811, 811.8, 821, 821.8) 20 10. Geography and Travel (910-919) .._. 25 11. History and Biography (900-909, 920-999) _ 75 12. Standard Fiction (F) 75 13. Atlas (912) 1 B. For schools of more than 100 enrollment the collection should contain not fewer than three books per pupil se- lected from the Standard Catalog for High School Libraries, the N. C. E. A. Library Book Catalogue, and other approved lists. The distribution by subject should be approximately as follows : Dewey Decimal Nos. Subject Percentage 000-099 General Reference 2% 100-199 Philosophy 1% 200-299 Religion and Mythology 1% 300-399 Civics, Economics ._ 8% 400-499 Languages ______ 2% 500-599 Science 10% 600-699 Useful Arts _ 10% 700-799 Fine Arts ___ ______ 5% 800-899 Literature __ 15% 910-919 Geography and Travel .____ _ 5% 920-929 Biography 9% 900-909, 930-999 History _ ___ 12% F and SC Fiction and Story Collections 20% C. Only books in good physical condition are acceptable. A well balanced collection should be maintained. IV. Magazines and newspapers. See Chapter V — Magazines. A. Minimum requirements in magazines selected from the following and including at least one from each group : 1. Current topic: Time, *News Week, Congressional Digest, U. S. News, Life. 2. Literary: Atlantic Monthly, Harper's Magazine, ^Reader's Digest, Scholastic. 3. Scientific: Aviation, Nature Magazine, ^Popular Mechanics, Popu- lar Science Monthly, Radio News, Scientific American, American Natural History, Audubon Magazine, Flying and Popular Aviation, Science News Letter. 4. General Content: American Girl, American Magazine. * Boy's Life, Open Road for Boys, Saturday Evening Post, i-H World Horizons. 16 North Carolina School Library Handbook 5. Home Making: Better Homes and Gardens, Good Housekeeping, American Home, Family Dollar, * Consumer's Guide. 6. Miscellaneous: Hygeia, Industrial Arts and Vocational Education Magazine, School Arts Magazine, * National Geographic, State Maga- zine, Building America, School Musician, Musical America, Travel. B. Enrollment to 100, a minimum of 5 magazines. C. Enrollment 100-300, a minimum of 10 magazines. D. Enrollment 300-600, a minimum of 15 magazines. E. Enrollment more than 600, a minimum of 20 magazines. F. Minimum requirements in newspapers : At least one good daily State newspaper. Sunday edition of a large news- paper with world features is desirable. V. Organization and records. Required of all schools. A. Accession record kept up-to-date. This may be part of the shelf list in schools employing trained librarians. B. Books classified and marked by the Dewey decimal classifi- cation system. C. Shelf list on cards. D. Card loan system with record of circulation kept. E. Record of yearly additions, discards, total number of books, circulation statistics. F. Yearly inventory. G. State Annual Library Report blank filled out and sent in. See pages 23-24. H. Card catalog required in all schools employing trained librarian half time or more. VI. Course of at least ten lessons in use of books and libraries. See Chapter VII — Lessons on the Use of the Library. If given consecutively, these should count half month's grade. The State adopted English texts include such lessons. Sug- gested topics for lessons: A. Organization and regulations. B. Make-up and care of books. C. Classification and arrangement. D. Dictionary. E. Encyclopedias. F. Special reference books. G. Card catalog. H. Vertical file and magazines. I. Note taking and bibliography making. J. Book resources outside the library. Standards for School Libraries 17 VII. Librarian. A. Librarian must hold a high school teacher's certificate and be paid on basis of certificate held. B. Schools with 6-8 teachers. One teacher with minimum of 6 semester hours in Library Science assigned to library- two periods daily, preferably two consecutive periods. Teacher with 6 semester hours in Library Science should not be assigned to library more than 1/3 of the teaching day so that she will be rated "in field." C. Schools with 9-12 teachers. One teacher with minimum of 12 semester hours in Library Science assigned to library half of school day. D. Schools with more than 12 teachers. One teacher with minimum of 24 or more semester hours in Library Science assigned to the library full time. CERTIFICATION OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL LIBRARIANS AND TEACHER-LIBRARIANS I. Full-time librarian's certificate. A. Requirements for this certificate shall be: 1. Degree from a standard four-year college. 2. Professional requirements not less than those for the Class A teacher's certificate. 3. Twenty-four (24) semester hours of Library Science taken in an accredited library school, including a. Administration. b. Cataloging and Classification. c. Reference. d. Children's and Adolescent Literature. B. Colleges in North Carolina giving courses to meet the Li- brary Science requirements for full-time school librarians are (1942) : 1. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 2. North Carolina College for Negroes, Durham. II. Teacher-librarian's (part-time) certificate. A. Requirements for this certificate shall be : 1. Degree from a standard four-year college. 2. Professional requirements those necessary for the Class A teacher's certificate. 3. Twelve (12) semester hours in Library Science, including a. Administration. b. Reference. c. Children's and Adolescent Literature. 18 North Carolina School Library Handbook B. Colleges in North Carolina giving courses to meet the Li- brary Science requirements for (part-time) teacher- librarians are (1942) : 1. Appalachian State Teachers College, Boone.* 2. East Carolina Teachers College, Greenville.* 3. Woman's College of U. N. C, Greensboro.* 4. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.f 5. North Carolina College for Negroes, Durham. f HI. Graduate secondary certificate. A. Requirements for this certificate shall be : 1. Class A high school teacher's certificate. 2. Three or more years' teaching experience. 3. Master's degree from an institution of higher learning with recog- nized graduate standards approved by the State Department of Public Instruction. This would include: a. Subject matter in the certificate fields 12 S. H. b. Education (philosophy, principles, curriculum, psychology, etc.) 6 S. H. c. Electives 12 S. H. IV. Graduate elementary certificate. A. Requirements for this certificate shall be : 1. Class A primary or grammar grade certificate. 2. Three or more years' teaching experience. 3. Master's degree from an institution of higher learning with recog- nized graduate standards approved by the State Department of Public Instruction. This credit would include: a. Academic work 6-12 S. H. This should include subject matter in those fields in which there are manifest weaknesses in the equipment of the individual, as well as subject matter that would strengthen points already strong. b. Education (philosophy, principles, curriculum, psychology, etc.) 6 S. H. c. Electives 12-18 S. H. LIBRARY REQUIREMENTS FOR SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION HIGH SCHOOLS (Reprinted from the bulletin of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools.) I. Books. A. Enrollment of 100 or less students. 500 well-selected books, exclusive of government documents and textbooks, to meet the needs for reference, supplementary reading and cul- *Courses do not give credit toward a degree in Library Science. tCourses may give credit toward a degree in Library Science. Standards for School Libraries 19 tural and inspirational reading. Also one good general newspaper in addition to the local one, and a well-selected list of from 5 to 10 periodicals, suitable for students' use. Books selected from State approved list or from lists ap- proved by Southern Association. E. Enrollment of 1,000 or more students. 5,000 or more well- selected books averaging 5 per student. Also good general newspaper and well-selected list of from 5 to 15 periodicals suitable for students' use. C. Enrollment of 200 to 500 students. 1,000 to 2,500 well- selected books, newspapers, and 15 to 30 suitable periodi- cals. D. Enrollment of 500 to 1,000 students. 2,500 to 50,000 well- selected books, newspapers, and 25 to 50 suitable periodi- cals. E. Enrollment of 1,000 or more students. .. 5,000 or more well- selected books, newspapers, and at least 40 suitable periodicals. II. Librarian. A. Enrollment of 100 or less students. Teacher-librarian with at least 6 semester hours in Library Science. Excused from certain number of hours of teaching and thus allotted definite time for library work, with regular hours in the library. Sufficient student help trained by the teacher- librarian to keep the library open all day, but open only under supervision. B. Enrollment of 100 to 200 students. Half-time librarian with a one-year course of 24-30 semester hours in an ac- credited library school, or half time with college gradua- tion including 12 semester hours in Library Science. C. Enrollment of 200 to 500 students. Full-time librarian with same qualifications and educational background as teachers, including 24-30 semester hours in an approved library school. One or two years' teaching experience is very desirable. D. Enrollment of 500 to 1,000 students. Same as above, with sufficient help and some experience in teaching or library especially desirable. E. Enrollment of 1,000 or more students. Full-time librarian with college graduation and at least 24-30 semester hours in an approved library school. Teaching and library ex- perience especially desirable — a good contact with children 20 North Carolina School Library Handbook already established. For every 1,000, or major fraction thereof, enrollment, there shall be an additional full-time trained librarian. III. Appropriation. A. Enrollment of 500 or less students. Annual appropriation of at least $1.00 per student per year for books, periodicals, etc., exclusive of salaries. B. Enrollment of more than 500 students. Annual appropria- tion of at least $.75 per student per year for books, periodi- cals, etc., exclusive of salaries. IV. Course in use of library. Course of at least 12 lessons in the use of the library given by the librarian or teacher-librarian, preferably in first year of high school. (This course is required in all schools.) V. Organization. A. Enrollment of 100 or less students. At least an adequate shelf -list made and an adequate loan-system installed. B. Enrollment of more than 100 students. Card catalogs, shelf-lists, accession record, and adequate loan system. VI. Equipment. A. Enrollment of 100 or less students to 200. Separate class- room or end of study hall fitted up with shelving, tables and chairs ; always accessible to students, but under super- vision. B. Enrollment of 200 to 500 students. Separate room equipped with tables, chairs, shelves, loan desks, magazine rack, bulletin boards, catalog case, typewriter, and other essential office equipment. Room should be large enough to accommodate one-tenth of enrollment, allowing 25 square feet per person. C. Enrollment of 500 to 1,000 students. Same as above with separate library workroom and essential office equipment. D. Enrollment of 1,000 or more students. Same as above with additional equipment to meet needs. If possible separate rooms for conference and for instruction in the library are desirable. CHAPTER II Organization of the School Library The school library must be well organized if the materials are to be of the best service. I. Preliminary preparation. A. Collect all books belonging to the library and put them to- gether in one place. As new books are unpacked, they should be checked with the bill and the price marked in- conspicuously with pencil in each volume. New books should be opened carefully. B. Sort books carefully. 1. Mend where needed; clean soiled books. 2. Discard worn-out books and those unsuited for the school library. Indicate in accession record that these books are being discarded, if they have been entered there. 3. Keep not more than five copies of any textbook useful for class reference material. Discard other textbooks or store separately as supplementary texts. C. If the librarian does not have library training, she should make a list of books in good condition to be retained for school library use and should send the list to the State School Library Adviser, State Department of Public In- struction, Raleigh, North Carolina, to be classified and returned. Typewritten lists should be double spaced. Handwritten lists should be prepared on lined paper. Give Author, Title, Publisher of each and leave one-inch margin on right-hand side of page. This is not necessary if the librarian has had training in Library Science and can classify her oivn books. Use the following form : Author Title of Book Publishes Blank One- Inch Column D. Secure materials needed. 1. Accession record, loose-leaf or 1,000 lines pressboard cover. 2. Rubber stamp with name of school and stamp pad. 3. Book cards, pockets, and date due slips for each book. Average one of each for every book. 22 North Carolina School Library Handbook 4. Notebook for circulation record. 5. White shellac or book lacquer (half pint for each 500 books). 6. Narrow brush for applying shellac or book lacquer. 7. Small bottle household ammonia for cleaning brushes (by washing brushes in water containing a little household ammonia, shellac can be removed). 8. Library mending paste and paste brush. 9. Abridged Deivey Decimal Classification, if librarian is trained. 10. White ink and pen staff and bowl point pens, or electric stylus and transfer papers for marking books 11. Ink and pens for general writing. 12. Cards for shelf list (average one card for each title). Use catalog cards. 13. Cards for dictionary card catalog (average three cards for each title). Only trained librarians make this. 14. Mending materials. See mending manual from any dealer listed below. 15. Charging tray. 16. Date guide cards (1-31), for filing circulation. 17. Shelf list guides (000-900). 18. Catalog guides if this is to be made. Supplies purchased with State funds must be secured from dealers having contracts; use proper order forms which are supplied to superintendents. Some good supply houses are: Gaylord Brothers, Syracuse, N. Y. Library Bureau, 104 Luckie Street, N. W., Atlanta, Ga. Demco Library Supplies, Madison, Wisconsin. Library Efficiency Corporation, 36 West 20th Street, New York City. II. Organization and records required in school library. A. Accession record kept up-to-date. This may be part of the shelf list in schools employing trained librarians. B. Books classified and marked by the Dewey decimal classifi- cation system. C. Card loan system with record of circulation kept. D. Record of yearly additions, discards, total number of books, circulation statistics. E. Yearly inventory. F. State Annual Library Report blank filled out and sent to the State Department of Public Instruction, Raleigh, North Carolina. See pages 23-24. G. Shelf list on cards. H. Card catalog in schools employing trained librarian half time or more. Organization of the School Library 23 1*. 12-41 20M State Department of Public Instruction ra leigh, n . c. ANNUAL SCHOOL LIBRARY REPORT 19*! - 19H_ Roce-JMi? Name of School— ?P_hn_Doe Post Cfffl*tt Goode School. K.C. County— J^ppmbe Type of School (check one only) Elementary , Junior High , High— _? Use separate report forms for each type of school. Records for elementary and high Bchool books housed in same room should be kept and reported separately. EnroIUment 4.27 A. D. A _A4P_ No. Teachere— i£ LIBRARIAN: Trailing (semester hours of Library Science). No. of periods daily In the library Length oi library periods Is librarian free from study hall duty? Other subject* taught Extra-curricular duties ol librarian Name oi assistant librarian (If employed). Training of, assistant librarian Name of WPA or NYA library worker No, ol student assistants ORGANIZATION (answer YES or NO): Up-to-date accession record Books marked by Deway decimal system Card loan system Card shelf list Dictionary card catalog » Author cards Title cards .. Subject cards . Is library room designated for library purposes during entire school day? If not, state its other purposes Is library room free from assigned study hall groups? Are class groups scheduled for library periods? Vary Smith 30 Ye3 Y03 ^£S_ Is record of pupils reading kept? Are classroom loans made from central library? Is the book collection distributed as classroom libraries? Is library Instruction given? By wham? librar ian and Bnp 3 To whom? Grades J^JL,! ?. 10 IiD_ Yes Topics ct taatfg Topi c s_ out lined in School Library Handbook; Is library used during summer?. FINANCES: Is there a special library budget? Amount spent for books Amount spent for magazines and ne wspa pers Amount spent for supplies and mending Amount spent for professional binding Amount spent for furniture 1$. Other expenditures B 13*24 No. books last report ^ No- books lost and discarded [ No. books added No. books now in library | — =2 Book distribution by subject (Dewey decimal classification): (In each group Include all books classified by the Inclusive numbers). Reference Collection (all books with R before 000-039 General Works 020 Library Economy (028, see E under 400-499) 100-199 Philosophy and Conduct 200-299 Religion 300-397 Social Science 398 Fairy Tales 400-499 Languages (except 428) 428eReaders (single copies) Grades 1-3 E * P Easy Books and Picture Books (If 028 has been used, give number here in- stead of under General Works) 428gReaders (single copies) Grades 4-7 500-599 Science (except 591) 591 Animal Stories 600-699 Useful Arts 610-619 Health 680-689 Industrial Arts. Handicraft 700-799 Fine Arts 750-759 Art 780-789 Music ..^ 800-899 Literature 811-811.8, 821-821.8 Poetry 910-919 Geography and Travel 912 Atlas 900-909. 929-999 History 920-928, B Biography F Fiction _ SC Short Story Collection Total number of books -235. }} J£L J2_ Ji 302 No. magazines received regularly . received regularly CIRCULATION: Are books circulated lor home use? Total regular book circulation Total overnight, reserve, and period loan circulation. . Total magazine circulation J1L. J21_ 25*? _28_ 8.618 679 582 24 North Carolina School Library Handbook Size of library room Number of library tables Number of library chairs Magazine rack or shelving Newspaper rack Dictionary sland Pamphlet file case Number of bulletin boards Card catalog case (No. of drawers)- Charging desk . Librarians desk Typewriter Shelving (No. shelves) Librarians workroom (size).. Floor covering Slides on library chairs Shades at windows swer YES for those Children's Catalog, latest ed Standard Catalog for High School Libraries, latest ed — N.CEA. Library Book Catalog Have titles owned been checked in N. C. E. A. list for your files? Rue, Subject Index to Readers (grades 1-3) ,_. Rue. Subject. Index to Books for Intermediate Grades. Dewey Decimal Classification Ingles £ McCague. Teaching Use of Becks and Libraries Mott & Baisden, Children's Book on How to Use Eooks and Libraries North Carolina School Library Handbook Wilson Library Bulletin Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature 60' x 30' 48 JJ2_ Yes Yes REFERENCE TOOLS IN THE SCHOOL LIBRARY: Encyclopediaa (elementary school library): Compton 'a Pictured Enclyclopedia copyright- World Book Enclyclopedia „ copyrigbL- Brilannica Junior Enclyclopedia copyright— Enclyclopedias (high school library): World Book Enclyclopedia YeS__ copyrlqhli Americana Enclyclopedia IQS copyright Britannica Enclyclopedia Ye 3 copyright Unabridged Dictionaries: 193? 1236 Merriam-Webster'3 New International Dictionary, 1st ed Merriam-Webster's New International Dictionary, 2nd ed IS 3 Funk and Wagnall's New Standard Dictionary * 93 Foreign Language Dictionaries: French Yes Latin Yes Spanish Special Reference BookB: Lincoln library „_ Author* Today and Yesterday, Living Authors Junior Books of Authors,. Who's Who Who's Who In America World Almanac World Atlas Slower identification book Tree identification book Bird Identification book_ Artists Identification book— Musicians Identification book-_ Handbook of composition Quotation identification book... Anthology of childien's literature— Anthology of American literature Anthology of world literature Yea Yes Yes Yes copyright, copyright- _123£_ Yes ^p^^ , 1939 r9S copyrtghl 122* _ f^pyrig^ 1 ' * ' Yes Yes .Yes .copyright. 1936 copyright 42sB Yes .-^y^ M 1931 Yes cc .pyi1ghL_122L_ Yes cppyrtgh i 1937 1929 1936 REMARKS: What are the best things about your library? Use made of library in preparation of class assignments. What things need most emphasis or improvement? Keed most emphasis Library instruction Library publicity Reading Guidance What things have been improved most in the past year? Catalog Information file Training of library assistants Date Jfey . 3X ... 15.42 ... Date June. 2.1, ..19.42.. Principal . ; ..Superintendent _3uncanbe County Organization of the School Library 25 III. Accession record. A. The accession record is a numerical record of books as they are added to the library. Accession record books may be secured from one of the supply houses noted above. Use the loose-leaf form, or 1,000 line accession book. Directions given in the book should be followed. B. In making the accession record write the title of each book on a separate line. The number of the line on which the book is entered becomes the accession number for the book. Write the accession number for the book in it on the right- hand side of the inside back cover, on the card, and on the pocket. (See illustration under Mechanical Preparation.) Also put the number on the inside edge of the first right- hand page after the title page of the book. After the number 99 is reached in the accession book, the full num- ber must be completed by prefixing the proper figure to each line, as 200, 201, etc. C. The column in the accession book headed "Remarks" is to be used to indicate the final disposition of the books, such as "Lost October 1940" or "Discarded" with proper date. D. The column "Remarks" may be divided with a line and the classification number may be written in one column, if a column for the classification number is not otherwise pro- vided. IV. Dewey decimal classification. Under this scheme of classification all knowledge is divided into ten main classes. These in turn are subdivided into sec- tions. Such divisions can be carried on indefinitely by insert- ing a decimal point. In the school library three or four figures are usually sufficient. The trained librarian can classify the book collection herself, using a copy of the Abridged Dewey Decimal Classification. The untrained librarian should send her list to be classified for her as indicated in I, 3, above. The classification numbers given below will help in identi- fying the subjects for the various classification numbers most frequently used. The scheme of classification numbers should be understood by teachers and pupils so that they can locate material on given subjects. A. Each number in the Dewey decimal classification stands for a subject. All books on one subject have the same 26 North Carolina School Library Handbook classification number and are shelved together. For ex- ample, all books of Science fall in the 500 grouping : 500 stands for Science 580 stands for Science of Botany 582 stands for Science of Botany of Trees. B. Books of fiction for uniformity may be marked F with the first initial of the author's last name under it, or they may be marked with only the first letter of the author's sur- name. Fiction should be arranged on the shelves alpha- betically by author. Easy books are classified E with the first initial of the author's last name under it and are shelved alphabetically by author. C. For individual Biography use either 921 and the last name of the person written about or B and the last name of the person written about. Biography should be arranged on the shelves alphabetically by the subject of the biography. For example, any book about Lee, regardless of who wrote it, should be marked : 921 or B Lee Lee D. For reference books let R precede the classification number and shelve all R books together. This is to indicate that they may not be loaned out of the library. E. Other books are shelved numerically by classification num- bers. Simple Dewey Classification for the School Library 000-099 General -Works 371.4 Vocational Guidance 20 Library Science 3 94 Holidays 030 Encyclopedias 395 Etiquette 100-199 Philosophy 398 Legends, Fairy Tales, 150 Psychology Fables, Folklore 170 Behavior and Manners 400-499 Languages 200-299 Religion 423 English Dictionaries 220 Bible 428 Reading Textbooks 291 Mythology 440 French Language 300-399 Social Science 443 French Dictionary 310 Yearbooks, Statistics 460 Spanish Language 320 Civics, Sociology 463 Spanish Dictionary 328 Parliamentary Law 470 Latin Language 330 Economics, Conservation 473 Latin Dictionary 3 53 Government 500-599 Science 367 Societies, Associations, 500 General Science and Clubs Nature 370 Education 510 Mathematics Organization of the School Library 27 520 Astronomy 822 Plays (812 may be used) 530 Physics 822.3 Shakespeare 537 Electricity 824 Essays (814 may be 540 Chemistry used) 550 Physical Geography 825 Speeches and Orations 570 Biology (815 may be used) 580 Botany, Plants F Fiction 582 Trees E Easy Books for Primary 583 Flowers Grades 590 Zoology, Animals P Picture Books (over- 591 Animal Stories sized) 595 Insects 900-999 Geography and History 597 Fishes 910 Geography (general), 598 Birds travel and adventure 600-699 Useful Arts 910.1 Industrial Geography 608 Inventions 912 Atlases 612 Health, Sanitation 914 Europe — Geography and 614 Safety travel 620 Machinery 914-1 Ireland, Scotland — 621. 3 Radio, Telephone Geography and travel 623 Ships 914.2 England, Wales — Geog- 625 Trains raphy and travel 62 9.1 Aviation 914.3 Germany — Geography 629. 2 Automobiles and travel 630 Agriculture, Gardening 914.4 France — Geography 640 Home Making, Home and travel Economics 914.5 Italy — Geography and 643 Homes travel 646 Clothes 914.6 Spain — Geography and 650 Business Methods travel 680 Handicrafts 914.7 Russia — Geography 700-799 Fine Arts and travel 720 Architecture 914.8 Scandanavia — Geog- 730 Sculpture raphy and travel 750 Picture Study, Drawing 914.9 Minor countries — Geog- 780 Music raphy and travel 790 Amusements, Games, Sports 915 Asia — Geography and 800-899 Literature travel 80 8.5 Debating 915.1 China — Geography and 808.8 Quotations of Prose and travel Poetry in one volume 915.2 Japan — Geography and 810 Books about American travel Literature 916 Africa — Geography and 820 Books about English travel Literature 917 North America — Geog- 821 Poetry — Individual raphy and travel Authors (811 may be 917.1 Canada — Geography used) and travel 821. 8 Poetry — Collections 917.2 Mexico — Geography (811.8 may be used) and travel 28 North Carolina School Library Handbook 917. 918 919 919.1 919.3 919.6 919.8 919.9 920 921 909 929 3 United States — Geog- raphy and travel South America, Panama — Geography and travel Oceania — Geography and travel Philippine Islands — Geography and travel Australia — Geography and travel Hawaii — Geography and travel Arctic Regions and Greenland — Geog- raphy and travel Antarctic Regions — Geography and travel Biography — Collective or B Biography — Indi- vidual General History Flags 930 Ancient History 937 Ancient Roman History 938 Ancient Greek History 940 Europe — Medieval and Modern History 940.3 World War I — History 940.5 World War II — History 950 Asia — History 960 Africa (modern times) — History 970 North America and American Indians — History 971 Canada — History 972 Mexico — History 973 United States — History 975 U. S. — Southern States History 975.6 U. S. — North Carolina — History 980 South America — History 990 Oceania — History V. Mechanical preparation. A. Remove old labels or incorrect markings from old books. B. Open new books carefully. Place the book with its covers on the table. Holding the pages upright in one hand, press open a few leaves at a time alternately at the front and at the back until all have been treated. Opening a new book suddenly may loosen the leaves or break the binding. C. If there are uncut sections, cut the pages with a paper knife. D. The book pocket should be pasted on the inside back cover near the bottom. The classification number should be written in the upper left-hand corner and the accession number in the upper right-hand corner. The name of the author and the title of the book should be written on the pocket. (See illustration.) E. The name of school should be stamped on inside front cover and on any page selected. This should be the same page in all books. A rubber stamp, not too large, is satis- factory. Be careful to make the impression straight. F. The classification number should be written on the book card in the upper left-hand corner and the accession num- ber in the upper right-hand corner. The author's surname should be written on the top line at the left and the brief Organization of the School Library 29 title of the book on the second line. If title begins with an article, omit the article. The book card is then put in pocket. G. Paste "Date Due" slip by top edge on flyleaf opposite pocket. H. The classification and accession numbers should be written on the inside book cover above the book pocket. Date Due * 395 52 395 52 Post Etiquette 395 52 Post Etiquette Inside back cover of book showing position of pocket, card, and date due slip; also, lettering on card, and date due slip. VI. Marking. A. All numbers on the backs of books should be placed at the same height from the bottom of the books — one and a half inches from the bottom is preferable. A light penciled line on the book at the proper height is helpful and saves time. B. A thin coat of white shellac across the line makes a smooth surface on which to mark if white ink is used. 30 North Carolina School Library Handbook C. The classification number is written on the line with white ink. The first initial of the author's name is printed below the number, as 598 A For Biography use the last name of the person written about instead of the author's initial as 921 or B Lee Lee For Fiction use F and the author's initial. For Easy books use E and the author's initial. D. When the ink has dried, shellac the entire end of the book. This keeps the title clear, protects the back, and makes the numbering more durable. A thin coating of shellac may be put over the entire cover for protection. VII. Shelf list. A. Purposes of the shelf list : 1. Is a complete record of books owned by tbe library. 2. Shows the books in each classification owned by the library. 3. Acts as a subject index for the iibrary. 4. Guides in selecting books for a well-balanced collection. 5. Facilitates taking inventory. * B. Description : The shelf list is a card record of all books in the library and is arranged in the same order that the books stand on the shelves. Each title is put on a separate card. The shelf list in the library corresponds to the table of contents in a book. C. Data on shelf list card : 1. Classification number. 2. Author. 3. Title. 4. Publisher. 5. Date of copyright. 6. Accession number for each copy. 7. Price for each copy (optional). D. Filing shelf list cards : 1. File shelf list cards according to the classification number, arrang- ing the cards by classes, 100-200-300-400, etc. 2. Arrange each class group according to number, 500-530-530.7, etc. 3. Within each group of the same number, arrange alphabetically by author. 4. Arrange cards for biography alphabetically by the name of the person written about. Organization of the School Library Shelf List Card 31 918 Peck , Anne Merriman P Roundabout South America. Harper, cl940. 637 copy 1 $2.40 723 copy 2 $2.40 o VIII. Arrangement of books on shelves. A. Numbered books are arranged from the lowest to the highest number. B. Books are placed on the shelves from left to right and top to bottom of each section of shelving. C. Fiction is arranged alphabetically by author. Easy books are arranged alphabetically by author. D. Biography is arranged alphabetically by the name of the person written about. IX. Card loan system. A. Pocket, card, and date due slip should be put in books to be circulated as described and illustrated under "Mechani- cal Preparation," pages 28-29. B. Process of lending. 1. Remove book card from pocket. 2. Borrower writes name on book card. 3. Stamp date on book card and on date due slip in the book. 4. Drop card in charging tray. C. Filing and counting circulation for the day. 1. Count cards for books lent during the day. 2. Record number of card under proper date in small book. (Record may be kept by classification if preferred.) 3. Arrange cards in order (usually alphabetically by author). 4. File cards in order behind date card in charging tray. 32 North Carolina School Library Handbook D. Process of returning. 1. Note date on date due slip, author and title of book. 2. Look under same date in charging tray for card with same author and title. 3. Compare classification and accession numbers to verify card. 4. Put book card in book pocket. 5. Book is ready to be returned to its proper place on the shelves. X. Inventory. A. All books should be called in and arranged in correct order on the shelves. B. The shelf list is arranged as the books should stand on the shelves. The books should be checked with the shelf list. For every missing book the card should be turned on end or clipped. After all sources for locating missing books have been consulted (books at bindery, loans not returned, etc.), mark cards standing on end or clipped to indicate whether the book has been lost or discarded and when. C. A record of additions by large classification subject should be kept during the year. This information may be put on cards kept at the front of the shelf list cards. D. An inventory record for each year should also be kept. It may be kept on a single sheet and should give the informa- tion which will be called for on the annual report form. The illustration covers the needed information. XI. Care and repair of books. A. Observe the following simple precautions: 1. Give instruction in the care of books regularly to pupils. 2. Open all new books and mended books properly and carefully before they are allowed to circulate. 3. Shellac covers when the books are new so that they can be kept clean with a damp cloth. Book covers which have been washed should be shellacked. A good grade of white shellac bought locally answers the purpose. 4. Protect the books by providing adequate shelving deep enough for them to stand upright. A book end or book support should be provided for each shelf. 6. Use only clean, attractive books for circulation as this tends to make children care for all books. 6. Purchase books for recreational reading in reinforced bindings. By reinforced binding is meant that the original covers are used but that the book is resewn more securely and fastened to the covers with tape instead of the usual thin cloth (cheesecloth). Most text editions are reinforced to start with. The cost of re- sewing is about 40 cents a book, but this will more than double the life of the book. Roughly, the cost of each book would be about the publisher's list price without the usual discount. Organization of the School Library Inventory Record Sheet 33 Name of School Date NO. AT No. Lost No. Added Total No. books FIRST OF and OF Year Discarded Books Now Reference Collection (all books with R before the numbers) 000-099 General Works 020 Library Economy 100-199 Philosophy and Conduct 200-299 Religion and Mythology 300-397 Social Science 398 Fairy Tales 400-499 Languages (except 428) 423 English Dictionaries 443 French Dictionaries 473 Latin Dictionaries 428e Headers (single copies) Grades 1-3 E & P Easy Books and Picture Books 428e Readers (single copies) Grades 4-7 500-599 Science (except 591) 591 Animal Stories 600-699 Useful Arts 610-619 Health 680-689 Industrial Arts, Handicraft 700-799 Fine Arts 750-759 Art 780-789 Music N 800-899 Literature 811-811. S, 821-821.8 Poetry 910-919 Geography and Travel 912 Atlas 900-909, 929-999 History 920-928, B Biography F Fiction SC Short Story Collection 34 North Carolina School Library Handbook B. Before mending or rebinding the following things should be considered : 1. The kind of paper and print in the book makes it satisfactory or not. Many books which are literary classics are of such poor, brittle, yellowed paper that they should be discarded. Fine print repels the reading of some books. 2. Old textbooks which are not useful or are out-of-date should be discarded. This applies very definitely to textbooks in grammar, mathematics, and foreign languages. If titles are used as supple- mentary texts and so are bought in quantity, they should be shelved separately and not counted or treated as library books. 3. Inferior or mediocre books should be discarded. The average books in a series are not suitable for schools and should not be bought or accepted on book gift days. 4. Books which are out-of-date should be discarded even though they were satisfactory when published. 5. Books whose subject matter is not of interest or suitable for the particular school group should be discarded or turned over to libraries where they would be useful. For example, modern problem fiction is not suitable for adolescent reading nor is a college history text useful for elementary school readers. 6. Books which are worn out to such extent that they cannot be mended and books which have pages missing should be dis- carded. 7. Government documents which are not useful for the school library should not be kept or considered as a part of the library. C. Rebinding. 1. Worn books which receive hard service and which are costly to replace may be rebound at a book bindery at a cost usually ranging from 60