CARDINAL GIBBONS FORTY YEARS AGO / 1 ■ •-". "4. / ^ \v. \ -v. ^ .*■■ STEPHEN Bo WEEKS CLASS OF1886:PRD. THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNlVERSfTY OF THE raWEOIIY OF N<0ffll CAWMLMA TIE WEEKS OTLMCTTON OF Cp282 W71 OS 00034004568 FOR USE ONLY IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLECTION THtSfreMMAYNOTBECOPj STHES ELF - SERVlC£COe & THE READER "Hi THE AUGUST NUMBER M Cardinal Gibbons Forty Years Ago With New Portrait The Kalsomining of Dakota Sam Skyland in the Andes All Cats Look Black at Night By Anne Warner Mayor McClellan on Saint-Gaudens Less than Kin: A Serial By Alice Duer Miller G. P PUTNAM'S SONS NEW ROCHELLE 6" NEW YORK INDIANAPOLIS: THE BOBBS-MERRILL CO 25 Cents 1908 13.00 a Year Iventy Millior Voices :„ PERFECT understanding by the public of the man agement and full scope of the Bell Telephone Systen can have but one effect, and that a most desirable on — a marked betterment of the service. Do you know what makes the telephone worth while to you — just about the most indispensable thing in modern life ? It isn't the circuit of wire that connects your in- strument with the exchange. It's the Twenty Million Voices at the other end of the wire on every Bell Telephone ! We have to keep them there, on hair trigger, ready for you to call them up, day or night — downtown, up in Maine, or out in Denver. And to make the telephone svstem useful to those Twenty Million other people, we have to keep you alert and ready at this end of the wire. Then we have to keep the line in order — 8,000,000 miles of wire — and the central girls properly drilled and accommodating to the last degree, and the apparatus up to the highest pitch of efficiency. Quite a job, all told. Every telephone user is an important link in the system — just as important as the operator. With a little well meant suggestion on our part, we believe we can improve the service — perhaps save a second on each call. There are about six billion connections a year over these lines. Saving a second each would mean a tremendous time saving to you and a tremendous saving of operating expenses, which can be applied to the betterment of the service. The object of this and several succeeding ni zine advertisements is not to get more subscribers. to make each one of you a better link in the cbii First, give "Central" the number clearly an< sure she hears it. Give her full and clear info) tion in cases of doubt. She is there to do utmost to accommodate you. Next, don't grow fretful because you think p represents a monopoly. The postmaster does, for the same reason. The usefulness of the telephone is its uni sality, as one system. Where there are two :l terns you must have two telephones — and confusi Remember, the value of the service lies in number of people you can reach without cor sion — the promptness with which you get y response. So respond quickly when others call you, bt ing in mind the extensive scope of the service The constant endeavor of the associated I companies, harmonized by one policy and act as one system, is to give you the best and m economical management human ingenuity t devise. The end is efficient service and your a tude and that of every other subscriber may has or hinder its accomplishment. Agitation against legitimate telephone busin — the kind that has become almost as national its scope as the mail service — must disappear w a realization of the necessity of universal service, American Telephone & Telegraph Company And Its Associated Bell Companies DISTANCE TELEPHONE One Policy — One System Universal Service UNITING OVER 4.000.000 TELEPHONES Printed at Zbe Tknlchetbochet (3tC88 PUTNAM'S MONTHLY THE READER AUGUST, 1908 imes, Cardinal Gibbons From a drawing by W. D. Paddock ardina! Gibbons Forty Years Ago. (Illustrated) I Foreign Tour at Home : VI ( Illustrated ) he Heart of a Geisha. Part II (A Story) he Kalsomining of Dakota Sam. (A Story) Illustrated by Arthur G. Dove he Sonnet. ( A Poem ) . . . kyland in the Andes. (Illustrated) ess than Kin. ( Chapters I-II ) Illustrated by M. J. Spero ugustus St.=Gaudens. ose Song. ( A Poem ) . . . herwell's Holiday. (A Story) Illustrated by Robert Edwards .11 Cats Look Black at Night. (A Story- Illustrated by William J. Glackens udith of the Cumberlands. ( Chapters VII-IX ) . Illustrated by George Wright he Great Lakes : V— The Romance and Tragedy of the Inland Seas ,n Error of Judgment. ( A Story ) . , Half = Dozen Problem Novels .... iction in Lighter Vein lie Notes by an Idle Reader he Lounger loteworthy Books of the Month .... Frontispiece Day Allen Willey Henry Holt Mrs. Hugh Fraser Arthur Stringer Clinton Scollard Mar.rt.on Wilcox Alice Duer Miller George B. McClellan Robert Loyeman Albert Kinross Anne Warner . Alice MacGowan James Oliver Curwood . Elliott Flower Elisabeth Luther Cary Charlotte Harwood 515 523 53° 539 546 547 55S 569 573 574 532 590 601 610 616 619 623 625 640 The Editors receive manuscripts and art material, submitted for publication, on the understand- ing that they are not responsible for loss or injury thereto 'while in their possession or in transit. Copies of manuscripts should be retained by the authors. PUTNAM'S MONTHLY COMPANY : President, G. H. Putnam; Treasurer, J. B. Putnam; Secretary, Irving Putnam Entered at the Post-Office, New Rochelle, N. Y., as Second-Class Mail Matter DITORIAL OFFICE 27 & 29 WEST 23D ST., NEW YORK PUTNAM'S AND THE READER THE BEST BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING The Baker & Taylor Company Union Square New York THE CAR AND THE LADY Percy F. Megargel and Grace Sartwell Mam Two automobile designers, an Italian and an American, love Betty Albright, the daughter millionaire. She is an enthusiastic mptorist and is undecided in her choice. 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Clticago Record-Herald. VILLA RUBEIIN By John Galsworhy A uthor 0/ " The Country Horn This will prove the most entertaining book of many .jay 1 ' S1Q By John GaLsw h " It is a masterly work, strong, vivid, observant and stimulating, ... A story so vivid in its intensity that it st is; shine out above anything else that is being produced in contemporary fiction." — London Daily Mail. S li PRINCESS NADINE By Christian Reid ^t;Q * M A dramatic and splendid piece of fiction ; the love element is delicately treated, while it sparkles with wit and is cap ni ; in style." — Buffalo Courier. Colored frontispiece. SIO ,d by the Internet Archil d by the State Library, From a drawing from the life made for Putnam's and The Reader by W. D. Paddock, Baltimore, March, 19 18 5I4 JAMES, CARDINAL GIBBONS \ ' PUTNAM'S MONTHLY & THE READER VOL. IV AUGUST, 1908 NO. 5 CARDINAL GIBBONS FORTY YEARS AGO The Work of a Zealous Young Bishop in North Carolina By DAY ALLEN WILLEY Illustrated from Photographs by the Writer fisUiS SSI w« s v V'W HNS TANDING on the shore of the Po- tomac is a stately mansion that half a century ago was preserved by the American people as a memorial to the one they call the Father of his Country. The Cape Fear River flows to the sea, through North Carolina, past another building that might also be preserved as a memorial to a no- ted American, for it is indeed a re- minder of the merits of a man who has been honored as the Cardinal Archbishop of the United States. In the city of Wilmington — that quaint "Salem of the South," peopled far before Revolutionary times — were spent years that were destined to be momentous in the career of Copyright, igo8, by Putnam's James, Cardinal Gibbons. The period when he called it home formed a chapter in his life - history fraught with events which fall within the experience of few. Even a short time makes great changes in our country. He gave up his home in Wilmington not forty years ago, yet his words and deeds while Bishop of North Carolina are known to few outside of the little old city, and those who lived in this part of the South during the stirring times im- mediately after the Civil War are mostly remembered by their head- stones. About these years of his life his lips have thus far been sealed. Why? Because the innate modesty of the man prevents him from telling a tale he might tell that would per- haps show the manliness, courage and patriotism of this prelate far MomhlyCo. All rights reserved 515 ST. THOMAS S CHURCH, WILMINGTON, N. C. Front and side views of the church where Bishop Gibbons officiated than any acts of his more clearly public career. Only by going to Carolina, seeing the evidence of his labor, hearing from the lips of those who know* of his devotion and endurance can the curtain be partially rolled aw r ay from this part of the panorama of the Cardinal's life; and thus it is revealed to the readers of this magazine. We have to go back a little w r ay to the days just after the war. Carolina had its share of the poverty and suffering. Throughout the State, which stretches from the Atlantic to the Western mountains, rive hundred miles away, were only a million people — Meth- odists, Baptists, Episcopalians, Pres- byterians, and members of sundry other Protestant denominations ; but the Catholic Church was represented by a mere handful of humanity — so few that a Catholic was looked upon as a curiosity ; more than this — as one uncanny, to be suspected, shunned. The rites of the Church w r ere regarded as a sort of sorcery. In Wilmington, where the only church of this belief 516 existed between Charleston and far away Petersburg in Virginia, the feel- ing towards those who worshipped in it was anything but kindly. Little girls whose parents attended it had their aprons torn off in the street and suffered other abuses. Catholic chil- dren were forced to leave the one school in the place, because the Pro- testant fathers and mothers threat- ened to close its doors if they were not excluded. Perhaps it was well that old St. Thomas's, where were intoned the mass and vespers, was built of brick, with stout plank doors; other- wise it might not now r be standing as a silent memorial of those once gathered within it. As the curtain of history is rolled back, the man whose tragic death in part led to the coming of Bishop Gibbons to Carolina should not be forgotten. The name of Father Mur- phy is never mentioned here without remembrance of the dreaded plague which for months held the town in its grasp. Among the few who did not flee but remained to nurse the CARDINAL GIBBONS FORTY YEARS AGO 5i7 sick and to administer the last rites to the dying of all beliefs, was the brave Irish priest who at last was stricken down among the victims of yellow fever. With the death of Father Murphy the Catholics of Wil- mington were left without a counsel- lor to guide them. The church was indeed demoralized, and on Arch- bishop Spalding devolved the task of restoring order out of chaos. The situation needed a man not merely of energy but of executive ability and tact. He must be versatile to meet the emergencies. There were many willing priests, but the question was one of fitness. Finally the Arch- bishop decided upon a young man who had been his secretary and his chancellor, one with whom he had been so closely associated that he knew every trait of his character. But more than priestly power was needed, and by the authority of the Pope, Father Gibbons became Bishop Gibbons. This was a part of his mission — to build up the church not only in town but in country, to make peace if possible between Catholic and Protestant, to restore to those of his belief their rights as citizens, of which they had been in part de- prived. Outside of Wilmington the entire State of North Carolina con- tained but an occasional group of these believers; for, as I have said, there was not an organized church between the city and Petersburg, two hundred miles away. Such was the diocese of which Bishop Gibbons was placed in charge — a diocese of the wild, where he might make a journey of fifty miles before reach- ing a single family of his church, a country so sparsely settled that to travel in it often meant following a mere trail impossible for any vehicle, and sleeping at night perhaps without even a tent to shelter one from the elements. The average number of human beings of any belief to the square mile of territory was only twenty, and the railway connected only a half-dozen towns. Such was the field to which the young priest was assigned after he had been vested with the episcopal robes. Those who gathered in old St. Thomas's at the first service he conducted, saw a youth with figure ST. 1HOMASS CHURCH, WILMINGTON, N. C Showing the little annex occupied as a residence by Bishop Gibbons and Father Gross 5iS PUTNAM'S AXD THE READER spare to frailness, but there was in his face the evidence of character and determination. He knew he was in charge of a people who for the time Thomas's, to remain there, until 1890, continuing the work laid out by his superior. Father Gross entered into his labors with such heartiness that CONVENT OF MERCY, WILMINGTON, N, C An institution established by Bishop Gibbons over fort)' years ago were outside of the town society as much as if they were outcasts. Most of them were in poverty. Some had lost their all in the war. None could be called wealthy. To them the future was one of hopelessness, for such was the crisis in the affairs of the church that the question had arisen if it should not be disbanded and the cities of North Carolina left without a congregation of the Catholic faith. Then began the greatest struggle yet to be recorded in the life of James Gibbons — a fight to save his church. First, he must have a priest to assist him and to serve the people when he was journeying over field and through valley to reach the few scattered folk in the country. Fortunate was it that a man after his own heart became associated with him — a man willing to make sacrifices and endure hardship and discomfort in his zeal for his life-work. Mark Gross was also young in years when with his friend and Bishop he entered upon his duties in Carolina as rector of St. he soon won the esteem of the peo- ple, holding a place in their affection second only to that of the Bishop. The two lived together like brothers. Their home is still standing — a little brick "lean-to," scarce two stories high, built in part from their scanty income. They could not afford a better place. The money must go to the maintenance of the church, as the Bishop expressed it. And this hovel was erected behind the church itself. The rear wall of the church formed the back of the house, the building being lighted on only three sides. Here these men lived, year after year, bishop and priest eating on a table of rough boards, and sometimes preparing their own food, if they had no funds to get assistance. They slept on cots that stood on floors bare of rug or carpet. The home of many a laborer in the town was much more pretentious and comfortable. But the shelter cost so little to build and maintain that its builders could devote a part of their allowance from CARDINAL GIBBONS FORTY YEARS AGO 5i9 the church authorities to aiding the poorer members of their flock. How many families were thus relieved from time to time by their charity, is known only to themselves. Of Father Gross the story is told that if he had more than one hat, or an extra pair of trousers, he was sure to give them to some needy parishioner. On one occasion he came into the store of a friend with a laced shoe on one foot and a buttoned gaiter on the other. Asked why they were not alike, he replied that he had intended to give a pair to a poor man, but had made a mistake and given one of each kind. His habit of giving away everything he could spare became so well known that several ladies of the church made it their business to call at the Bishop's house frequently to see if the occupants had enough food and clothing. More than once they found it destitute of actual necessa- ries, and supplied them. The great benefit of education impressed itself on Gibbons, the young Bishop, as it has continued to impress him in later life. He realized that the children of all classes must be instructed for the good of the state, and if the church was to be preserved. At that time there was no free school in the neighborhood, and many fami- lies were too poor to give their little ones even the rudiments of mental training. He knew the value of woman in this necessary work and secured three members of the order of the Sisters of Mercy to establish a convent in Wilmington. They must have a home, and the community was surprised to learn that in some mys- terious way the Bishop had obtained enough money to buy one of the not- able Southern houses, still known as the Peden Mansion. It cost $20,000 — a small fortune for Wilmington, — and the wonder was where the money had come from. Only a small part could have been given by the church folk, but the Bishop had made several trips into the Northern States. He had stood up in the chancel of church and cathedral, and had pictured the plight of Carolina so graphically as to open purse-strings and pocket- books, and to secure over $5000 in the city of Albany alone. Thus the school was established; and it was only one of his purchases for the church. Other property bought for REAR VIEW OF THE DUDLEY MANSION, WILMINGTON, N. C. When Iiishop Gibbons became Archbishop he was entertained in this house 520 PUTNAM'S AND THE READER THE SCHOOL WHERE BISIIOr GIBBONS LECTURED AND TAUGHT Showing the desk and chair which he used, and a painting which lie presented to the school the cause cost thousands more, al- though not a dollar was asked from the Wilmington people. And with the gifts of his Northern friends was placed a part of the Bishop's personal income — all he could spare from other appropriations for the church. Within a year after the two men began their labors, the clouds had broken. The broadmindedness and especially the Americanism of the Bishop gradually changed the feeling towards him and his followers. From being distrusted at first, he became esteemed. Through his influence the spirit of the town towards the people was transformed from hostility to goodwill. The example set by their head was emulated by his parishioners, until finally the gap between Catholic and Protestant was closed appar- ently forever, as no sect is more respected to-day in Wil- mington than the adherents of the Church of Rome. Only a very few remain of the group of the faithful who, Sunday after Sunday, knelt before the altar at St. Thomas's in the sixties. Clearly do they recall the life of the present Cardinal, and the tales they tell depict not only his work among them, but his journey- ings here and there in Carolina, when for the time he laid aside his official duties to assume the role of a Christian messenger to the country folk. As conditions at St. Thomas's improved, he felt he could give more time to the greater field, and leaving Father Gross in charge he would be absent for a fortnight or more at a time. Where pos- sible he travelled by railway, but so many households of the church were off the few miles of iron highway, that much of his journeying was done on horseback, or muleback, or by wagon. "It was indeed a dilap- idated affair," says Mrs. O'Con- nor, one of his early friends. "It was of the kind known as a 'demo- crat,' and drawn by two horses. The Bishop sometimes had a young priest with him who drove, or a colored man who assisted. The space they did not occupy was filled with packages of clothing and such things as sug- ar and flour and medicines. Most of it was for the poorer families with whom they might stop; but they also earned their clerical robes for ceremonies and food for them- selves, for many a time did that old wagon stop in the forest where they must eat their noon meal. We often asked the Bishop to give up the old wagon and get another, for it finally became so rickety that I thought it CARDINAL GIBBONS FORTY YEARS AGO ;2i dangerous. To break down twenty miles from any human habitation is not a trifling matter. But he always replied that he thought the wagon might last a while longer, and when some of the church members offered to buy him an- othe r, he answered : 'Friends, you can give me the money, if you will, for the church needs it, but not for any vehicle for my use.' " Long ago, probably, the old "democrat" was turned into kindling- wood, or stored away to be forgotten; but it had rolled over thousands of miles of Carolina on its mission of mercy. It went into places where its owner risked life and health in succoring families ill of contagious diseases. It entered settlements where every stran- ger was looked upon as an enemy by the clannish mountaineers. It trav- elled in the "Feud Belt," where men with loaded guns were accustomed to take by stealth the lives of their enemies. To venture into the rural districts of Carolina was to incur hardship and to risk danger as well. But the man who later wrote "The Ambassador of Christ" could well describe him, for in truth he himself was such, never hesitating to seek out the people of the church, no matter what dangers and hardships might have to be overcome. Truly St. Thomas's is a picturesque old church. In the other days it stood on a spacious lot which revealed the dignity of its proportions, but a part of this lot has since been sold and the edifice is now squeezed in between the house adjoining and an ugly square wooden structure which serves as a rectory. Constructed of red brick, it is covered with a stucco or plaster of a brown hue which pro- duces an effect of brown stone. The massive walls, the high-hipped roof ornamented by the pinnacles with THE ALTAR WHICH EISHOP CIIiPON'S GAVE TO THE CONVENT OF MERCY, SHOWING SOME OF THE STATUARY, ALSO HIS GIFT which the front wall is finished, make the exterior of the church dignified and impressive in spite of the obvious neglect in repairing and maintaining it. The interior walls have been redecorated and the paintings repre- senting the Stations of the Cross are of later date than Bishop Gibbons's time; but the altar in front of which he so often intoned the mass and pronounced the benediction is still intact, as well as the paintings in oil which adorn the front walls on either side of the altar. One of these, representing the Madonna, was a gift from him to the church ; while standing below it is a statue of the Virgin — another evidence of his generosity. As one enters the little old church, he is duly impressed by its associa- tion with the past. Not only the American Catholic, but the American of any creed who knows the estima- tion in which Cardinal Gibbons is held, must feel reverence and admira- tion as he recalls the scenes that have been enacted here. But not until one sees the ugly, dilapidated annex, nearly hidden behind the church, can he realize how this man existed, what he must have endured in his devotion to his work. The lower floor, on a level with the ground, where it is not even lower, is not as good as the cellar 522 PUTNAM'S AND THE READER of some city tenements. The rooms have low ceilings and have always been dimly lighted because of the shrubbery outside. The first floor is divided into two rooms, which when occupied by bishop and priest, formed the kitchen and a supply or storage shed. In the three rooms above they slept and ate their meals. The annex is con- nected with the church by a stair- way, which in the old days led to an apartment in the rear of the church used by the Bishop as a study. Here he received visitors as well as com- posed many of his sermons. The Convent of Mercy at Wilming- ton seems insigni- ficant beside some of the ornate struc- tures occupied by wealthy orders of the Catholic church, but none has a more honorable history than this rambling wooden building, whose character is indicated only by a little cross upon its roof. As the visitor is ushered into the recep- tion room, he may chance to see through an open doorway in the hall a beautiful little chapel. The good Sister Mary Frances may relate how Sunday after Sunday the young Bishop ministered at the altar — an- other of his gifts to the Sisterhood. And a very artistic altar it is in de- sign. The miniature chapel was made out of the drawing-room of the old planter who built the house. It is only large enough to seat about fifty people, but many of the most elo- quent discourses uttered by the founder of this institution have been FIGURE OF A CHILD One of Bishop Gibbons's gifts to the Con vent of Mercy, at Wilmington, N. C. are numbered. delivered in it. In the reception room is a large oil painting of the Madonna and Child — another of his loving gifts. Entering the schoolroom, the visi- tor sees the little desk which stood on the rostrum in the old days, when the children who had completed their book learning" received their cer- tificates from the hands of Bishop Gibbons. They have gone into many parts of the country to take their places in the real world, but each can say that he has been sent on his life career w i t h the advice of the man who is now the head of his church in America. Time spares nothing. For three-fourths of a century has St . Thomas's been the centre of the Roman Catholic worshipin Wilming- ton, but its days The present priest has sold the church, and a newer and larger one is to take its place on a site secured elsewhere. If it is not torn down it will be converted into a factory or warehouse, and what should remain a cherished i histori- cal structure will be debased from a temple of religion into a nameless pile of brick and mortar. Here, indeed, is an opportunity for the Catholics of America to perpetuate the memory of their head, by uniting to secure it and dedicate it forever as a monu- ment to him. The day might well come when Protestant and Catholic alike would unite in paying homage here not only to a distinguished priest and prelate, but to a statesman and true patriot. remiu s Surpassing Quality, rom the rind to the >one. Bake a whole one —you will find it uicy and tender and i most wholesome iish for the Sum- ner Menu. 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