DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS WASHINGTON FOURTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES MANUFACTURES: 1919 NORTH CAROLINA Prepared under the supervision of EUGENE F. HARTLEY, Chief Statistician for Manufactures CONTENTS Explanation of Terms. GENERAL STATISTICS. General character of the state 3 Comparative summary 4 Statistics for the state, by counties 5 Principal industries, ranked by value of products Persons engaged in manufacturing industries G Average number of wage earners for selected industries, with per cent, by sex and age 7 Average number of wage earners, by sex and age, and value of prod- ucts for cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more 7 Wage earners, by months 8 Wage earners, by months, (or selected industries and for cities 8 Average number of wage earners, by prevailing hours of labor per week, for selected industries and for cities 9 Size of establishments, by average number of wage earners, for selected industries and for cities 11 Size of establishments, by value of products 11 Size of establishments, by value of products, for selected industries . . 12 Size of establishments, by value of products, for cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more ' 13 Character of ownership, for selected industries and for cities 14 Page. Manufactures, by population groups, in cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more IS Number and horsepower of types of prime movers 15 Fuel consumed 16 SPECIAL STATISTICS. Cotton goods 17 Knit goods 17 Machinery used in textile mills 18 Fertilizers 18 Flour-mill and gristmill products 18 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 18 Lumber, lath, and shingles 19 Printing and publishing 19 Laundries 19 Dyeing and cleaning 20 Custom sawmills and custom gristmills 20 GENERAL TABLES. Table 30. -Comparative summary for selected industries and for cities: 1919, 1914, and 1909 21 Table 31. — Detailed statement of all industries combined and specified industries: 1919 22 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 EXPLANATION OF TEEMS. Scope of census.— Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for the purpose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the different branches of industry covered and their growth or decline, incidentally, the effort is made to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, ana similar subjects. Whon use is made of the statistics for these purposes it is imperative that due attention be given to their limitations, particularly in connection with any attempt to derive from them figures purporting to show aver- age wages, oost of production, or profits. The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or for which produots were valued at less than $500, or the manufacturing done in educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. Period covered. — The returns relate to the calendar year 1919, or the business year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's opera- tions, except for establishments which began or discontinued business during the year. The establishment.— As a rule, the term "establishment" represents a single plant or factory, but in some oases it represents two or more plants which were oper- ated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account was kept. If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all located within the same city, county, or state, separate reports were secured in order that the figures for each plant might be included in the statistiesfor the city, county, or state in which it was located. In some instances separate reports were secured for different industries carried on in the same establishment. Classification by Industries. — The establishments were assigned to the several classes of industries according to their products of chief value. The products ro- Sorted for a given industry may thus, on the one hand, include minor products ifferent from those covered by the class designation, and, on the other hand, may not represent the total product covered by this designation, because some of this class of product may be made in establishments in which it is not the product of chief value. As a rule, the same designation is used for the industry wherever it appears, although all of the products indicated by this designation were not manufactured in the state or city for which these statistics are presented. In some instances the wording is changed so as to more correctly describe the products represented. For a number of industries subclasses are shown which indicate more definitely the kind of products. Selected industries. — The general tables at the end of this bulletin give the prin- cipal facts separately for the industries of the state. A selection has been made of certain leading industries of the state for more detailed consideration. Sometimes an industry of great importance has to be omitted because it comprises so few estab- lishments that a detailed presentation would reveal the operations of individual concerns. Comparisons with previous censuses.— Owing to changes in industrial condi- tions i t is not always possible to olassify establishments by industries in such a way as to permit accurate comparison with preceding censuses. At the census of 1909 the figures for kindred industries were combined. This practice has been followed in compiling the statistics for 1919 and 1914 when placed in comparison with those for 1909 and prior years. The comparative summary for 1919, 1914, and 1909, there- fore, does not show separately all the industries given for 1919 in the detailed state- ment for the state. Influence of Increased prices.— In comparing figures for oost of materials, value of produots, and value added by manufacture in 1919 with the corresponding figures for earlier censuses, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices of commodities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been influential the figures fail to afford an exact measure of the increase in the volume of business. , Persons engaged in the Industry. — The following general classes of persons en- gaged in the manufacturing industries were distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, (4) clerks (including other subordinate salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. In the reports for the censuses of 1904 and 1899 these five classes were shown according to the three main groups: (1) Proprietors and firm members, (2) salaried officials, clerks, etc., and (3) wage earners. In comparative tables covering the oensus of 1904 it is of course necessary to group the figures according to the classification that was employed at the earlier censuses. The number of persons engaged in each industry, segregated by sex, and, in the case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 or 16 and over), was reported for a single representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for most industries normal conditions of employment, but where this date was not a representative day an earlier date was chosen. In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported for the representative date has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since the number of employees of this class does not ordinarily vary muchf rom month to month. In the case of wage earners the average has been obtained in the manner explained in the next paragraph. In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the number of wage earners on the representative date, a report was obtained of the number employed on the 15th of each month, by sex, without distinction of age. From these figures the average number of wage earners for the year has been calculated by dividing the sum of the numbers reported for the several months by 12. The importance of tho Industry as an employer of labor is believed to bo more accurately measured by this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. The number of wage earners reported for the representative day. though given in certain tables for each separate industry, is not totaled for all industries combined for any state, because, in view of the variations of date, such a total is not believed to be significant. It would involve mora or less duplication of persons working In different industries at different times, would not represent the total number em- ployed in all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal industries as compared with industries in continual operation. This total, however, is shown for the different cities, beoause the limited area and greater regularity of employment 1 argely overcame the objection incident to i ts pubuoatioa for the sepa- rate states or the United States. (2) In order to determine as nearly as possible the age distribution of the average number of wage earners for a given state as a whole, the per cent distribution by age of the wage earners in each industry for December 15, or the nearest representa- tive day, has been calculated from the "actual numbers reported for that date. The percentages thus obtained have been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year in that industry to determine the average numbers 16 years and over, and under 16, employed. These calculated averages for the several industries have been added to give the average distribution for each state as a whole and for the entire country. Salaries and wages. — Under these heads are given the total payments during the year for salaries and wages, respectively. The Census Bureau has not undertaken to calculate the average annual earnings of either salaried employees or wage earners. Such averages would possess little real value, because they would be based on tho earnings of employees of both sexes, of all ages, aud of widely varying dogrees of skill. Furthermore, so far as wage earners are concerned, it would be impossible to calcu- late acourately even so simple an average as this, since the number of wage earners fluctuates from month to month in every industry, and in some cases to a very great extent. The Census Bureau's figures for wage earners, as already explained, are averages based on the number employed on the 15th of each month, and whilo representing the number according to tho pay rolls to whom wages were paid on that date, no doubt represent a larger number than would be required to perform the work in any industry if all were continuously employed during the year. Prevailing hours of labor. — No attempt was made to ascertain the number of wage earners working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. Occasional variations in hours in an establishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, and no attention was paid to the fact that 8 few wage earners might have hours differing from those of the majority. All the wage earners of eaoh establishment are therefore counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. In most establishments, however, practically all the wage earners work the samo number of hours, so that the figures give a substantially correct representation of the hours of labor. Capital.— The instructions on the schedule for securing data relating to capital were as follows : ' ' The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, on the last day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital may be taken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, that f aot should be stated and no value given. If a part of the land or buildings is owned, the remainder being rented, thatf act should be so stated and only the value of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing investments in other enterprises." These instructions were identical with those employed at the censuses of 1914 and 1909. The data compiled in respect to capital, however, at both censuses, as well as at all preceding censuses of manufactures, have been so defective as to be of little value except as indicating very general conditions. In fact, it has been repeatedly recommended by the census authorities that this inquiry be omitted from the schedule. While there are some establishments whose accounting sys- tems are such that an accurate return for capital could be made, thisis not true of the great majority, and the figures therefore do not show the actual amount of capital invested. Materials. — The statistics as to cost of materials relate to the materials used during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during the year. The term "materials" covers fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, and containers, as well as materials which form a constituent partof the product. Rent and taxes. — The taxes include certain Federal taxes and state, county, and local taxes. Under "Federal taxes" there are included the internal revenue tax on manufactures (tobacco, beverages , etc. ) , excise taxes when included in values reported f or jiroducts, corporation capital stock tax, and corporation income tax, but not the income tax for individuals and partners. Value of produots.— The amounts given under this heading represent the selling value or price at the factory of all products manufactured during the year, which may differ from the value of the products sold. Value added by manufacture. — The value of products Is not always a satis- factory measure of either the absolute or the relative importance of a given industry, because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing processes carried on in the industry itself. Another part, and often by far the larger one, represents the value of the materials used. For many purposes, therefore, the best measure of the importance of an industry, from a manufacturing standpoint, is the value created by the manufacturing operations carried on within the indus- try. This value is calculated by deducting the cost of the materials used from the value of the produots. The figure thus obtained is termed in the census report! "value added by manufacture." Cost of manufacture and profits.— The census data do not show the entire cost of manufacture, and consequently can not be used for the calculation of profits. No account has been taken of depreciation or interest, rent of offices and buildings other than factory or works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other sundry expenses. Primary horsepower.— This item represents the total primary power generated by the manufacturing establishments plus the amount of power, principally eleo- trio. rented from other concerns. It does not cover the power of electric motors taking their current from dynamos driven by primary power machines operated by the same establishment, because the inclusion of such power would obviously result in duplication. The figures for primary horsepower represent the rated oapacity of the engines, motors, etc., and not the amount of power in actual daily use. Fuel. — Statistics of the quantity of fuel used are shown only for anthracite and bituminous coal, coke, fuel oils, gasoline and other volatile oils, and gas — natural and manufactured, and represent the quantity used during the year. As only the principal kinds of fuel are shown, comparison as to the total cost of all fuel is im- practicable. A comparison, however, of the total quantities of the seTeral kinds of fuel used in 1919 and 1914 is given. NORTH CAROLINA. GENERAL STATISTICS. 4 General character of the state. — North Carolina, one of the thirteen original states, has a gross area of 52,426 square miles, of which 48,740 represent land surface. The inhabitants of the state in 1900 num- bered 1,893,810; in 1910, 2,206,287; and in 1920, 2,559,123. In total population North Carolina ranked fourteenth among the states in 1920. The number of inhabitants per square mile in 1910 was 45.3, the corresponding figure for 1920 being 52.5. In 1920 there were 14 cities in the state having more than 10,000 inhabitants (see Table 6). The combined population of these 14 cities in that year was 310,512, or 12.1 per cent of the total for the state, and in 1919 they reported 42.2 per cent of the value of the state's manufactured products. Importance and growth of manufactures (Table 1). — The large increases in salaries and wages, cost of materials, and value of products, as presented in Table 1, are largely due to the changes in industrial conditions brought about by the World War, and, therefore, can not properly be used to measure the growth of manufactures during the census period 1914 to 1919. The addition of the Federal income tax since 1914 will account for the exceptional increase in "Rent and taxes." Statistics for the state, by counties (Table 2). — Figures are not available for comparison of the totals for the 100 counties in 1919 with those for prior cen- suses. Of these counties, Forsyth, in which the city of Winston-Salem is located, reported 22.1 per cent of the total value of products for the state in 1919 and 9 per cent of the average number of wage earners. Principal industries, ranked by value of products (Table 3). — The ranking of industries by value of products is often misleading as to their real importance from a manufacturing standpoint. The flour-mill and gristmill industry, for instance, which ranked ninth in value of products, ranked twenty-third in average number of wage earners and fourteenth in value added by manufacture. Persons engaged in manufacturing industries (Table 4). — The age classification of the average number of wage earners in this and other tables is an estimate obtained by the method described in the "Explana- tion of terms." The classification by sex for 1919 was reported separately, but for 1914 and 1909 was ob- tained in the same manner as the distribution by age. Figures for individual industries will be found in Table 31. NCC Average number of wage earners for selected indus- tries (Table 5). — -The industries covered by this table are those which employed 250 or more wage earners in 1919, and for which statistics can be shown without the possibility of disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Average number of wage earners, by sex and age, and value of products for cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more (Table 6). — General increases are shown from 1914 to 1919 in most of the details for the cities for which comparative figures are given in this table. Statistics for 4 cities are not shown separately for 1914 as in that year they were not among those having 10,000 inhabitants or more. During the period from 1914 to 1919 there was an increase of $270,685,629, or 268 per cent, in the total value of products in the 10 cities for which comparable figures are presented. Wage earners, by months (Table 7). — The statistics for wage earners in this table are intended to show the steadiness of employment, or the reverse, in accord- ance with the industrial conditions existing during the several census years. Wage earners, by months, for selected industries and for cities (Table 8). — In addition to the number of wage earners employed by months, similar data are given for males and females for all industries combined and also for each of the 14 cities having 10,000 inhab- itants or more. The table also shows a number of industries in the state in 1919 which employed a large number of female wage earners. Of the total number of female wage earners in the state, 30.8 per cent were in the 14 cities, while of the total number of male wage earners, only 25.3 per cent were reported by the cities. Prevailing hours of labor (Table 9). — Since 1914 there has been a marked shortening of the working- day in North Carolina. In that year 1.7 per cent of the wage earners were included in the group "48 and under," as against 6.9 per cent in 1919; while in 1914 the "60" and "Over 60" groups constituted 80.5 per cent of the total wage earners, as compared with 27.4 per cent in 1919. Size of establishments, by average number of wage earners, for selected industries and for cities (Table 10). — The predominance of the number of small estab- lishments, when based on the number of wage earners employed, is evidenced in this table by the fact that of the total number of establishments in the state, 94.2 per cent were in the several classes having fewer than 101 wage earners, while such establishments employed but (3) NcU MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 31.9 per cent of the total number of wage earners. On the other hand, the establishments employing an aver- age of more than 100 wage earners represented only 5.8 per cent of the total number of manufacturing estab- lishments in the state, but reported 68.1 per cent of the total number of wage earners. Size of establishments, by value of products (Table 11). — At the censuses of 1909 and 1914 establishments with products valued at "$100,000 to $1,000,000" con- stituted one group, but at the census of 1919 this group was subdivided into "$100,000 to $500,000" and "$500,000 to $1,000,000." Separate figures for the number of establishments and value of products have been compiled, however, from the returns for 1914. The table, therefore, gives combined figures for these two groups for all items for 1909, and for the average number of wage earners and value added by manufacture for 1914. Size of establishments, by value of products, for se- lected industries (Table 12). — In the preparation of this table it was necessary in several instances to com- bine the establishments of one group of the industry with those of some other group of that industry to avoid the possibility of disclosing the operations of individual establishments. Size of establishments, by value of products, for cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more (Table 13). — This table strikingly illustrates the fact that the number of establishments of itself is no real index of manufac- turing activities. There were no cities in the state in 1920 having 50,000 inhabitants, hence, there are no cities for which statistics are shown by industries. In view, therefore, of the extensive manufacture of to- bacco in North Carolina, it seems proper to state that the cities of Winston-Salem and Durham, combined, re- ported about one-fifth of the total value of such prod- ucts for the United States. The extensive manufac- ture of furniture in North Carolina is largely centralized in High Point. Character of ownership (Table 14). — The preponder- ance of corporate ownership is clearly brought out in this table. Although corporations owned but 26.8 per cent of the number of establishments in the state in 1919, they reported 85.8 per cent of the average number Of wage earners and 90.4 per cent of the total value of products. During the five-year period from 1914 to 1919, the average number of wage earners in corporations increased 23,135, or 20.6 per cent, and the value of products, $604,006,226, or 242.2 per cent. Manufactures, by population groups, in cities of 10,000 inhabitants or more (Table 15).— This table shows that the combined number of establishments in the 14 cities in 1919 represented 14.4 per cent of the total in the state. They reported in that year 26.8 per cent of the average number of wage earners and 42.2 per cent of the value of products. These propor- tions do not differ materially from those of 1914. Number and horsepower of types of prime movers (Table 16). — The total horsepower reported in 1919, as compared with that for 1914, shows an increase of 41,793 horsepower, or 8.2 per cent. This increase, however, is due to the gain of 67,061 horsepower, or 51.4 per cent, in rented power, the owned power hav- ing decreased 25,268 horsepower, or 6.7 per cent, dur- ing the five-year period 1914 to 1919. Fuel consumed (Table 17). — This table shows the principal kinds of fuel used by the manufacturing plants in the state in 1919 and 1914 and gives sepa- rately for 1919 the amounts consumed by a number of important industries which use considerable quan- tities of fuel. Totals for the various cities are also given. The manufacturers of cotton goods were the largest consumers of both anthracite and bituminous coal, using 80.1 and 33.5 per cent, respectively, of the total amount used in all industries, while gas manu- facturers consumed 63.9 per cent of the total quantity of fuel oils. Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1919, 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899. Number of establishments. Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members... Salaried employees Wage earners (average number). Primary horsepower. Capital Salaries and wages. Salaries Wages Paid for contract work Rent and taxes Cost of materials Value of products Value added by manufacture «. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 1919 5,999 175, 423 6,076 11,688 157, 659 549, 878 $669, 144, 096 150,454,432 23,774,333 126, 680, 099 3,069,322 122, 929, 995 526, 906, 181 943, 807, 949 416,901,768 1914 5,507 151,335 5,950 8,541 136, 844 508,085 $253, 841, 808 56,282,679 10, 244, 232 46,038,447 1, 957, 489 14,088,823 169,941,971 289,411,987 119,470,016 1909 4,931 133, 453 5,451 6,529 121, 473 378,556 $217, 185, 588 41,258,172 6,903,547 34, 354, 625 1,793,937 6,392,132 121, 861, 530 216,656,055 94, 794, 525 1904 3,272 93, 142 3,731 4,072 85,339 216,622 $141,000,639 25,170,765 3,795,471 21,375,294 1, 580, 823 3 752,512 79,268,004 142, 520, 776 63, 252, 772 1899 3,465 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,894 72,322 154, 467 $68,283,005 16,446,630 2,394,846 14, 051, 784 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 44, 854, 224 85, 274, 083 40, 419, 859 PER CENT OP INCREASE. 1 1914- 1919 15.9 2.1 36.8 15.2 8.2 163.6 167.3 132.1 175.2 56.8 772.5 210.1 226.1 249.0 1909- 1914 11.7 13.4 9.2 30.8 12.6 34.2 16.9 36.4 48.4 34.0 9.1 120.4 39.5 33.6 26.0 1904- 1909 50.7 43.3 46.1 60.3 42.3 74.8 54.0 63.9 81.9 60.7 13.5 53.7 52.0 49.9 1899- 1904 -5.6 40.7 18.0 40.2 106.5 53.0 58.5 52.1 76.7 67.1 56.5 A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Figures not available. ' Exclusive of internal revenue. 1 Value of products less cost of materials. MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 2.— STATISTICS FOR THE STATE, BY COUNTIES: 1919. The state Alamance Alexander Alleghany Anson Ashe Avery Beaufort Bertie Bladen Brunswick Buncombe Burke Cabarrus Caldwell Camden Carteret Caswell Catawba Chatham Cherokee Chowan Cleveland Columbus Craven Cumberland Currituck Davidson Davie Duplin Durham Edgecombe Forsyth Franklin Gaston Gates Graham Granville Greene Guilford Halifax Harnelt Haywood Henderson Hertford Hoke Hyde Iredell Jackson Johnston Jones Lee Lenoir Lincoln McDowell Macon Madison Martin Mecklenburg... Mitchell Montgomery . . . Moore Nash New Hanover. . Northampton . . Onslow Orange Pamlico Pasquotank Pender Perquimans Person Pitt Polk Randolph Richmond Robeson Rockingham . . . Rowan Rutherford Sampson Scotland Stanly Stokes Surry Swain Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 5,999 96 26 10 100 73 51 90 5. 62 7 103 82 30 22 62 52 89 76 10 133 26 45 96 84 149 88 103 37 241 163 50 57 35 49 15 107 40 176 16 37 70 46 38 25 28 78 127 32 97 85 33 84 28 21 47 12 44 25 20 201 15 170 54 48 60 66 33 109 27 74 22 73 22 WAGE EARNERS. Average number. 157, 659 4,455 430 4 788 175 135 833 485 552 658 2,256 1,413 5, 913 2,058 40 467 11 3, 781 638 476 483 2,361 1,524 2,171 1,691 87 3,742 827 436 7,847 2,287 14, 229 527 9,906 295 14 504 14 11,074 3,446 1,165 1,859 680 425 203 17 2, 593 481 1, 596 10S 497 1,133 1,285 1,611 137 344 356 6,242 250 639 614 838 2,477 231 264 1,179 45 1,360 391 227 431 1,047 226 2,126 2,110 1,744 6,132 4,012 3,042 483 650 3,475 60 1,634 817 Wages. $126, 680, 099 3, 476, 476 243, 1S4 1,925 529, 706 141,077 86, 997 71S,272 411, 230 393, 059 538, 957 2, 250, 774 846. 256 4, 396, 832 1,308,874 22,644 450, 915 9, 335 2, 445, 137 476, 4G8 385, 138 399. 768 1,473,451 1, 336, 648 1, 957, 398 1, 157, 934 68, 684 2, 890, 558 592, 350 336,012 5, 640, 123 2, 395, 168 13, 721, 964 415, 120 6,851,971 274, 748 9,510 425, 562 11,061 9, 544, 571 2, 505, 69S 928,433 1,732,140 459, 260 354,068 128, 090 14, 220 1, 773, 941 340, 061 1, 392, 895 99, 727 385,303 924, 236 883, 534 1, 329, 957 109, 000 310, 252 352, 806 4, 880, 992 149, 348 485,677 462, 324 669, 058 2, 578, 931 184, 106 235,026 843, 297 42, 732 984, 753 305. 769 216, 692 339, 619 1,152,328 117,497 1, 479, 975 1, 521, 853 1, 146, 746 5,241,787 4,355,378 1, 994, 119 344, 186 445, 988 2,441,020 49, 519 1, 155, 662 805, 407 Rent and taxes. Cost of materials. $122,929,995 1,147,055 40,216 135 67, 264 4,743 1,825 1S9, 983 31, 076 40, 564 76, 138 396, 078 74, 193 1,051,741 446, 298 IS, 365 170 439, 856 75, 039 20, 916 35. 174 526, 508 125,134 117,613 272, 387 2,814 599, 355 337,110 19, 823 20, 586, 724 1 S3, 278 75, 738, 241 51, 024 1, 848, 554 10, 222 134 236,274 358 2, 680, 278 604, 488 356, 010 182, 336 27, 679 14. 175 23, 193 1,660 367, 766 17, 997 171,417 4,392 39,290 100, 113 116,235 509, 370 3,159 20, 965 10,716 1,621,951 5, 361 149, 298 47, 707 190, 089 563, 826 2,544 4,920 286, 085 720 102, 973 2,804 18, 381 72, 951 96, 327 2,900 221, 842 850, 005 232, 412 5, 066, 599 410,298 486,987 6,517 48, 520 842, 124 1,374 154, 653 34, 862 $526, 906, 181 10, 679, 590 1, 093, 535 45, 507 1,780,511 471,049 110,521 3, 704, 668 1,017,878 1, 958, 804 1,399,859 7, 228, 080 6, 691, 753 IS, 802, 746 5, 80S, 202 42, 863 621, 672 7,186 8, 323, 6S6 1, 670, 654 1, 543, 637 1,748,169 7, 771, 374 1,737,599 3, 377, 596 4,127,247 19, 493 9, 272, 962 2,299,114 334, 138 41, 165, 633 5, 104, 718 102, 104, 799 1,021,633 23, 986, 130 194, 819 5,337 1,935,222 8.783 34, 520. 093 6, 597, 788 3, 554, 912 4, 832, 237 937, 122 513, 506 1, 077, 325 10, 526 9, 713, 728 2, 504, 572 5, 788, 937 316, 941 1, 681, 599 3,024,300 3, 367, 754 5, 632, 155 95,510 285, 485 308, 333 34, 522, 447 210, 095 1, 960, 189 1,225,886 2, 544, 90S 9, 070, 630 131,967 191,844 2, 364, 410 70, 281 2, 057, 337 115,878 1, 368, 554 1,413,758 2,239,997 525, 861 5, 437, 128 5, 219, 892 5, 709, 814 17, 780, 956 11,600,06S 6,035,125 538, 259 3, 704, 313 10, 482, 869 105, 643 2, 465, 564 596, 395 Value of products. $943, 807, 949 19, 300, 028 1,714,125 60, 133 3, 232, 69S 821, 297 326, 158 3,621,150 1,948,770 2, 885, 600 2, 854 463 11,925,208 8, 964, 362 28,129,586 9, 829, 643 72, 272 1,512,170 28, 336 14,171,859 2, 930, 473 2, 423, 069 2, 3S0, 337 11,814,379 4, 107, 602 8, 049, 826 7, 140, 214 123, 280 16, 719, 602 4, 044, 148 1, 122, 224 S3, 180, 547 8, 932, 437 208, 981, 632 2,2)2,274 44, 230, 478 692, 697 26, 500 2,912,245 30, 288 62, 571, 982 12, 293, 983 6, 392, 842 8, 894, 833 1, 732, 613 1, 338, 332 1, 421, 806 47, 588 14, 5.",2, 672 3,612,662 10, 159, 313 496, 357 2,545,254 5, 042, 580 5, 548, 536 9, 072, 579 353, 007 917, 106 1, 046, 834 48, 496, 831 554,517 3, 426, 602 2, 332, 563 4,081,703 15, 932, 426 447, 493 594, 725 4,501,660 1S2, 108 4, 127, 006 637, 923 2, 082, 970 2,146,317 4, 777, 051 833, 414 9, 063, 037 9,995,055 8, 288, 743 32, 319, 737 18,242,697 10,262,201 1, 599, 346 4, 648, 482 15,290,314 220, 612 5, 120, 336 2, 001, 208 Value added by manufac- ture. $416,901,768 8, 620, 438 620, 590 14,626 1,452,187 350, 248 215, 637 1,916,482 930, 892 926, 796 1, 454, 604 4,697,128 2, 272, 609 9, 326, 840 4,021,441 29, 409 890, 49S 21,150 5, 848, 173 1, 259, 819 879, 432 632. 168 4, 043, 005 2, 370, 003 4, 672, 330 3,012,967 103, 787 7. 446. 640 2, 645, 034 78S, 086 42,014,914 3, S27, 719 106, S76, 833 1. 230. 641 20, 244, 348 497, 878 21,163 977, 023 21, 505 28, 051, 889 5,696,195 2, 837, 930 4, 062, 596 795, 491 824, 826 344, 581 37, 062 4, 838, 944 1, 138, 090 4, 370, 376 179, 416 863, 655 2, 01S, 280 2, 180, 782 3, 440, 424 257, 497 631, 621 73S, 501 13, 974, 384 344, 422 1, 466, 413 1,106,677 1,536,795 6,861,796 315, 526 402, 881 2,137,250 111,827 2, 069, 669 522, 045 714,416 732, 559 2, 537, 054 307, 553 3, 625, 809 4, 775, 163 2, 578, 629 14, 538, 781 6, 642, 629 4, 227, 076 1,061,087 944. 169 4, 807, 445 114,969 2,654,772 1, 404, 813 Primary horse- power. 549, 878 12, 600 2, 515 134 5, ono 1,272 591 3, 461 2,988 3, 093 2, 930 6,975 7,149 22, 124 7,197 250 2, 664 89 10,057 3, 733 1,386 2, 743 1Q, 139 5, 968 5,317 8, 564 230 10,915 3,947 2,290 15, 765 7,434 15, 867 3,614 34, 603 1, 365 56 2,511 171 29, 393 20,218 5, 078 12,033 1,412 1,944 1,225 340 9, 1S2 2,453 9,422 1,065 2,436 3,164 4,599 7,672 655 1,265 1,903 24, 619 902 3,428 2, 579 5, 403 6, 857 849 1,140 5, 131 405 4,027 1, 345 1,151 2,107 5,289 383 8,867 7,489 8,519 16,949 10,012 9,770 3,467 4,209 16, 07S 603 3, 903 2,761 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 2.— STATISTICS FOE, THE STATE, BY COUNTIES: 1919— Continued. Transylvania Tyrrell Union Vance Wake Warren Washington Watauga Wayne Wilkes Wilson Yadkin Yancey All other counties 1 Num- ber of estab- lish- ments. 32 4 74 SO 174 44 16 40 134 100 35 60 24 3 WAGE EARNERS. Average number. 629 10 70S 1,978 2, 690 373 646 403 1, 910 828 731 90 366 18 Wages. $574,271 7,120 477, 874 1,469,580 2,291,877 309, 529 638, 592 399, 691 1,671,382 521,731 642, 085 48, 745 333, 525 4,700 Rent and taxes. $128, 842 87 31,135 174,365 651, 229 17,759 18, 896 5,406 138, 399 37, 626 111,142 2,103 24, 121 154 Cost of materials. S3, 160, 466 36, 176 2, 647, 975 7, 983, 388 8,048,738 794, 261 296, 079 207, 845 3, 646, 299 1, 840, 392 4,031,661 243, 174 294, 664 5,005 Value of products. $4, 555, 589 62, 662 3, 969, 669 12, 924, 977 14, 370, 049 1, 29S, 791 1, 057, 196 915 029 7, 434, 609 3, 003, 673 5, 929, 899 424, 857 1,176,015 14,668 Value added by manufac- ture. $1,395,123 26, 486 1,321,694 4,941,589 6,321,311 504, 530 761,117 707, 1S4 3,788,310 1, 163, 281 1, 898, 238 181,683 881,351 Primary horse- power. $3, 209 115 3, 652 7,258 10, 367 2,188 1,840 1, 223 8,527 3,615 4,021 1,059 1,3S2 8 Table 3. 1 All other counties comprise Clay and Dare. -PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES, RANKED BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1919. AU industries Cotton goods Tobacco, cigars an! cigarettes Lumber and timber products Oil and cake, cottonseed Tobacco, chewing and smoking. . . Knit goods Furniture Fertilizers Flour-mill and gristmill products. . Leather, tanned, curried, and fin- ished Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies Lumber, planing-mill products, not including planing mills con- nected with sawmills Foundry and machine-shop prod- ucts Carriages and wagons, including repairs Mineral and soda waters Automobile repairing Patent and proprietary medicines. Printing and publishing, news- papers and periodicals Brick, sewer pipe, and draintile. . . 5,S 311 18 2,762 62 11 121 107 45 374 WAGE EARNERS. < B 157,659 67,297 11,683 22, 728 2,302 2, 573 10,216 7,910 2,077 G29 1,385 4,071 2,197 1,664 1,221 661 1,283 212 976 1,338 100.0 42.7 7.4 14.4 1.5 1.6 6.5 5.0 1.3 0.4 0.9 2.6 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.8 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. sis $943,808 318,368 22o,636 54,92S 46,995 33,1^8 29,834 29,725 27,551 24, 258 17, 849 13, 899 11,439 6,036 5,992 5,434 5,002 4,883 4,341 3,212 100.0 33.7 24.0 5.8 5.0 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.6 1.9 1.5 VALUE ADDED BT MANU- FACTURE. $416,902 131,588 119,679 39,039 7,872 14,375 12,251 15,477 8,945 3,213 3,568 6,250 4,300 3,509 2,679 2,632 3,195 3,289 3,049 2,206 100.0 31.6 28.7 9.4 1.9 3.4 2.9 3.7 2.1 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 Boxes, wooden packing, except, cigar boxes Bread and other bakery products. . Dyestufls and extracts — natural Cordage and twine Silk goods, including throwsters... Ice, manufactured Clothing, men's Marble and stone work Peanuts, grading, roasting, clean- ing, and shelling Printing and publishing, book and job Confectionery and ice cream Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work. . . Coffins, burial cases, and under- takers' goods Mirrors, framed and unframed, not elsewhere specified Gas, illuminating and heating Dyeing and finishing textiles, ex- clusive of that done in textile mills Mattresses and spring beds, not elsewhere specified Textile machinery and parts All other industries ' WAGE EARNERS. 2-2 922 385 335 757 392 935 157 632 316 336 252 137 341 414 159 305 7,051 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. % 3, 187 2,572 2,444 2,386 2,384 2,365 2,198 2,113 2,075 2,063 2,035 1,717 1,632 1,577 1,521 1,243 1,189 1,159 38,318 f^m VALUE ADDED BT MANU- FACTURE. &£ $1,203 911 782 581 1,073 1,604 745 1,618 1,322 889 909 858 676 844 501 416 588 13,908 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.4 1 Among the industries for which statistics can not be shown separately without the possibility of disclosing the operations of individual establishments, are a number having products in excess of some for which figures are shown in the table. Of these in lustries the most important are the following: "Automobiles"; "chemicals"; "jute goods"; "paper and wood pulp"; and "rubber tires, tubes, and rubber goods, not elsewhere specified." Table 4.— PERSONS ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. All classes. Proprietors and officials. Proprietors and firm members. . Salaried officers of corporations. Superintendents and managers. Cen- sus year. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1911 1909 Total. 175, 423 151,335 133, 453 11,806 9,968 8,937 6,076 5,950 5,451 2, 153 1,637 1,460 3,577 2,381 2,026 Male. 132, 394 118,974 105,175 11,669 9,878 8,875 6,019 5,889 5,395 2,111 1,613 1,456 3,539 2.376 2,021 Fe- male. 43,029 32,361 28, 278 _ "l3T 90 62 PER CENT OF TOTAL. Male. 75.5 78.6 78. S 98.8 99.1 99.3 99.1 99.0 99.0 98.0 98.5 99.7 98.9 99. S 99.9 Fe- male. 24.5 21.4 21.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.1 Clerks and other subordinate salaried employees. Wage earners (average number). 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. Cen- sus year. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 Total. 5,958 4,523 3,043 157,659 136,844 121,473 151,415 126,219 107,775 6,244 10,595 13, 698 Male. 4,331 3, 6S2 2,513 116,391 105,414 93, 787 113,352 99, 468 86,082 3,039 5,946 7, 705 Fe- male. 1,624 841 530 11,268 31,430 27,686 38,063 26, 781 21,693 3,205 4,649 5,993 PER CENT OF TOTAL. Male. 72.7 81.4 82.6 73.8 77.0 77.2 74.9 78.8 48.7 56.1 56.2 Fe- male. 27.3 18.6 17.4 26.2 23.0 22.8 25.1 21.2 20.1 51.3 43.9 43.8 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 7 Tabi.f, 5.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES, WITH PER CENT, BY SEX AND AGE: 1919 AND 1914. All industries Automobile repairing Boxes, wooden packing, except cigar boxes. . B read a nd other bakery products Brick, sewer pipe, and draintile Carriages and wagons, including repairs Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam-railroad companies. Clothing, men's Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods Confectionery and ice cream Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work Cordage and twine ' Cotton goods Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. Dyestuffs and extracts — natural 1 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup- plies. Fertilizers Flour-mill and gristmill products Cen- sus year. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 157,659 136, 844 121,473 1,2*3 922 924 385 305 1, 338 1,601 1,221 1,377 4,071 2,806 392 385 252 312 316 110 336 338 444 67, 297 53, 703 414 194 335 270 78 2,077 1,690 629 588 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 16 years of age and over. Male. 71.9 72.7 70.9 98.6 98.0 88.1 87.8 85.5 87.2 97.2 96.9 9S.9 98.5 97.9 99.1 17.3 17.9 92.5 92.0 69.9 77.3 99.1 98.8 57.7 59.3 55.3 56.0 63.4 100.0 54.1 43.6 99.6 99.! Fe- male. 24.1 19.6 17.9 0.4 2.0 6.5 11.9 8.9 0.8 0.9 2.1 0.9 78.6 76.6 7.5 5.4 28. 5 20.9 Un- der 10 years of age. 32.9 34.7 31.4 42.5 35.1 45.9 .50.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 4.0 7.7 11.3 1.0 5.4 5.6 2.6 3.9 2.8 3.1 0.2 0.5 4.1 5.5 2.6 1.6 1.8 0.9 1.2 9.5 5.9 13.3 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.8 0.2 Foundry and machine-shop products 2 Furniture G as, illuminating and heating Ice, manufactured Knit goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-mill products, not includ- ing planing mills connected with sawmills. Marble and stone work Mineral and soda waters Oil and cake, cottonseed Paving materials Printing and publishin g, book and j ob Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Silk goods, including throwsters i Tobacco, chewing and smoking Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes All other industries Cen- sus year. 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1911 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). 1,969 1,279 7,910 5, sol 341 210 757 519 10,216 7,787 1,385 877 22, 728 30, 590 2,197 2,S60 935 704 661 470 2,302 1,586 274 508 632 569 971 906 2,573 8.950 11,683 1,517 7,172 7, 186 PER CENT OF TOTAL. 16 years of age and over. Male. 9S.9 99.4 94.6 93.9 100.0 96.7 97.9 98.1 36.3 30.8 100.0 99.5 99.6 99.3 99.8 99.0 99.7 98.2 95.3 94.0 99.0 99.4 100.0 99.8 73.4 74.9 81.0 78.2 33.9 60.2 60.0 53.3 42.8 85.0 75.3 Fe- male. 0.6 0.2 3.3 0.2 0.4 1.5 51.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 ( 3 ) 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.1 24.5 21.4 10.2 11.6 58.4 38.9 31.0 43.8 45.7 14.2 21.1 Un- der 16 years 1 (jf age. 0.6 0.4 2.1 5.9 3.3 1.7 0.4 11.9 16.8 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.8 3.8 5.7 0.1 0.5 2.1 3.7 8.7 10.2 7.8 0.9 9.0 2.9 11.5 0.8 3.6 1 Not shown separately in 1914. 2 Includes "textile machinery and parts." 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. Table 6.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY SEX AND AGE, AND VALUE OF PRODUCTS FOR CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. VALUE OF PRODUC CITY. Total. 16 years of age and over. Under 16 years of age. TS. Male. Female. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1,119 5, 161 5,977 2,943 1,100 1,615 4,070 1,586 1,161 1,562 1,050 1, 8-10 654 12, 366 951 3,799 4,764 978 4,199 3,699 947 3,808 3,552 1,768 974 927 2,725 1,558 856 1,475 693 1,517 582 7,434 764 2,772 2,546 712 2, 930 1,751 160 1,130 1,710 981 111 553 1,213 12 235 80 292 292 67 4,637 169 781 1,614 217 956 1,080 12 217 715 194 15 135 138 16 70 1 65 37 5 295 18 2-46 604 49 313 868 $7,091,211 43,095.898 70,659,339 12,012,775 4, 142, 544 7, 457, 853 14,838,797 5. 702, 398 6,871,008 ■1,903,500 5,126,896 10,537,306 5,689,04S 200, 484, 834 SJ3, 148, 802 10,962,113 27, 597. 258 $3,198 466 Charlotte 1(1,459,684 23, 026, 578 1,229 3,582 848 1,051 1,454 952 1,023 799 2, 585 829 789 1,313 602 655 318 688 5 236 128 271 273 112 309 14 26 13 79 95 3,464,328 5,931,761 1,910,497 2,915.767 2, 742, 802 2,031,606 High Point 2,375,827 Salisbury 1,721 1,213 1, 548 1,096 154 77 19 40 5,025.504 3 004,717 Wilson 9,634 7,636 5,543 4,248 3,227 2,206 864 1,182 37,287,6S3 18, 239, 743 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 7.— WAGE EARNERS, BY MONTHS: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. January. February March . . . April May June NUMBER.' 1919 1914 157,470 154,933 156, 407 155, 349 148,683 147,953 138,553 138, 731 141, 491 140,511 139, 150 137,182 1909 117,007 118, 464 120, 354 120,038 118,441 117,713 PER CENT OF MAXIMUM. 1919 1914 1909 91.2 90.7 90.1 85.8 97.9 98.0 100.0 99.3 98.3 97.0 90.9 92.0 93.5 93.2 92.0 91.4 July 150, 453 August 152, 597 September . 159, 740 NUMBER. 1 1919 1914 1909 October. November. December. 167, 146 168,665 172, 512 136, 775 135,010 134, 465 133, 804 133, 545 132,911 118,953 120, 417 123,496 126, 265 127,774 128, 754 PER CENT OF MAXIMUM. 1919 1914 1909 87.2 88.5 92.6 97.8 100.0 96.7 95.4 95.0 94.6 94.4 93.9 92.4 93.5 95.9 98.1 99.2 100.0 1 The figures represent the number employed on the 15th of each month or the nearest representative day. minimum by italic figures. Maximum number indicated by bold-faced figures, Table 8.— WAGE EARNERS, BY MONTHS, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919. [The month of maximum employment for each industry is indicated by bold-faced figures and that of minimum employment by italic figures.] Aver- age num- ber em- ployed during year. NUMBER EMPLOYED ON 15TH DAY OF THE MONTH OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Per cent INDUSTRY AND CITY. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sep- tember Octo- ber. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. mini- mum is of maxi- mum. 157,659 116, 391 41, 268 157,470 115,641 41, 829 154,933 113,580 41, 353 156,407 115, 983 40, 424 155, 349 114,719 40,630 148,683 108, 832 39, 851 147, 953 107,795 40, 158 150,453 109,856 40, 597 152,597 111,924 40,673 i 159, 740 118, 390 41, 350 167, 146 124,727 42, 419 168,665 125, 814 42, 851 172, 512 129,431 43, 081 85.8 83.3 92.5 1,283 922 385 1,338 1,221 4,071 392 252 316 336 444 67, 297 414 335 270 2,077 629 1,661 7,910 341 757 10,216 1, 385 22, 728 2,197 935 661 2,302 274 632 976 966 305 2,573 11,683 7,172 319 92 167 25, 260 180 124 6,283 156 104 618 1,010 5,323 42, 216 29,501 12,715 1,201 914 370 752 1,260 4,118 369 265 247 292 383 67, 953 403 363 274 2,106 624 1,599 7,402 336 503 10, 479 1,451 22, 768 2,061 815 604 2,931 227 627 952 959 305 2,319 12,250 6,988 297 59 150 25, 534 179 126 6,495 160 105 585 942 5,558 42, 133 29, 157 12. 976 1,202 877 365 759 1,258 4,217 364 275 246 295 380 67,675 400 360 265 2,292 622 1,599 7,422 342 516 10, 058 1,391 21, 009 2,079 887 598 2,956 228 620 9,,4 947 304 2,212 11,947 7,024 294 63 149 25, 564 173 120 6,205 160 105 606 883 5,396 41,589 28, 933 12,656 1,215 871 362 950 1,266 4,315 345 281 266 300 . 366 66, 782 414 349 276 3,115 613 1,618 7,409 337 543 9,669 1,360 23, 180 2,091 914 623 2,688 24S 621 945 941 307 2,059 11,875 6,893 276 65 148 25,027 192 124 5, 931 155 104 616 783 5,405 41, 168 28, 841 12, 327 1,229 900 387 1,446 1, 255 4,327 359 288 292 309 381 66,699 385 367 272 3,487 601 1, 629 7,558 351 721 9, 753 1,360 21,251 2,098 902 648 2,484 239 616 961 918 300 2,254 11,464 6,858 289 70 151 25, 244 181 129 6, 009 151 105 604 845 5,213 41, 595 29, 198 12, 397 1,291 921 388 1,622 1,270 4,019 403 260 292 320 382 65,626 388 360 273 1,913 601 1,640 7,682 334 886 9,896 1,405 17,917 2,154 898 670 2,093 243 617 962 967 298 2,342 10, 328 7,022 331 68 152 24, 729 181 127 6,070 154 104 658 907 4,791 40,698 28, 607 12,091 1,301 966 391 1, 577 1,297 3,796 404 237 305 337 379 66, 043 381 363 278 1,418 594 1,619 8.044 384 998 10,081 1,442 17,228 2,142 942 671 1,674 246 620 978 894 300 2, 425 10,309 6,889 330 67 149 24,966 169 131 6, 207 154 105 596 979 4,672 40,706 28,691 12,015 1,316 988 382 1,703 1,272 3,870 429 233 336 385 503 67,233 425 367 230 1,595 616 1,647 8,243 342 1,031 10,031 1,420 17,302 2,202 964 679 1,331 270 625 974 946 303 2, 670 10,363 7,177 354 83 182 25,215 182 129 6,111 160 101 617 1,065 4,774 41, 177 29,010 12, 167 1,324 950 381 1,799 1,1U 3,788 398 236 337 385 516 66,497 412 373 272 1,584 649 1,752 8,055 338 1,006 10, 138 1,412 18, 499 2,249 989 683 1,35S 279 636 983 1,031 298 2,884 11,935 7,019 320 87 186 24,618 168 127 6,195 154 99 663 1,113 5,452 42, 506 29, 753 12, 753 1, 325 933 393 1,752 1,145 3,937 415 247 379 359 505 66, 563 416 356 268 1,977 632 1,741 7,652 324 966 10, 232 1,370 24,502 2,292 988 732 1,672 322 642 991 979 301 2,989 12, 162 7,281 340 125 184 24,695 174 118 6,291 156 103 603 1,178 5,871 42, 789 29, 573 13, 216 1,322 885 400 1,565 1,164 4,136 400 246 375 347 510 68, 233 406 258 254 1,956 663 1,717 8,392 322 749 10, 479 1,347 28,418 2,319 982 696 2,618 339 655 989 971 308 2,983 12,366 7,376 325 139 186 25,724 178 115 6, 443 163 102 602 1,206 5,584 44, 208 30, 849 13, 359 1,332 913 398 1,258 1,162 4,167 412 229 360 352 505 68,824 456 263 265 1,733 671 1,697 8,461 342 616 10,868 1,322 28,478 2,317 978 661 2,929 332 650 1,018 993 318 3,007 12,655 7,723 337 140 183 25, 790 185 122 6,706 158 106 612 1,188 5,591 43, 997 30, 681 13, 316 1,338 946 403 873 1, 159 4,162 408 227 357 351 518 69,436 482 241 263 1,748 662 1,710 8,600 340 549 10, 908 1,310 32, 184 2,360 961 667 2,880 317 655 1,015 1,046 318 2,732 12, 542 7,814 335 138 184 26, 014 198 120 6,733 157 106 654 1,031 5,; 69 44,026 30,719 13,307 89.8 Boxes, wooden packing, except cigar boxes 8S.2 89.8 41.8 88.2 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by 87.5 SO. 4 Coffins, buna] cases, and undertakers' goods 78.8 64.9 75.8 70.7 94.5 Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that 79.0 Dyestuffs and extracts —natural 64.6 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 90.7 40.7 88.5 Foundry and machine-shop products 91.3 86.1 Gas, illuminating and heating 83.9 Ice, manufactured 48.8 Knit goods 88.6 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 91.1 Lumber and timber products 53.5 Lumber, p!aning-mill products, not including planing mills connected with sawmills 87.3 Marble and stone work 82.4 Mineral and soda waters 81.7 Oil and cake, cottonseed 45.0 Paving materials 66.7 Printing and publishing, book and job 94.0 Printing and publishing, newspapersand periodicals. 92.7 85.5 Textile machinery and parts 93.7 Tobacco, chewing and smoking 68.5 Tobacco, cisars and cigarettes 81.5 All other industries 87.8 Industries showing large proportion of females. 78.0 42.1 79.6 94.6 Dyeingand finishing textiles, exclusive of that done 84.8 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies . . . Knit goods 87.8 88.1 Printing and publishing, book and job 92.0 Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodi- 93.4 88.2 Tobacco, chewing and smoking 64.9 79.6 92.1 Males 92.7 89.9 AsHEvrLLE 1,119 957 162 5,161 3,926 1,235 5,977 3,625 2,352 2,943 1,861 1 1,082 1,125 966 159 4,886 5,694 1,192 6,079 3,647 2,432 3,000 1,879 1,121 1,112 951 161 4,975 3,787 1,188 5,575 3,421 2,154 2,075 1,885 1,090 1,086 924 162 5,013 3,833 1,180 5,410 3,341 2,069 t,7S4 1,783 951 1,088 925 163 5,136 3,925 1,211 5,685 3,463 2,222 2,818 1,779 1,039 1,115 947 168 5. 148 3,915 1,233 5,557 3,400 2,157 2,837 1,806 1,031 1, 138 975 163 5,059 3,813 1,246 5,611 3,398 2,213 2,866 1,821 1,045 1,143 982 161 5,184 3,927 1,257 5,922 3,603 2,319 2,942 1,870 1,072 1,125 963 162 5,142 3.912 1,230 6,261 3,834 2,427 2,954 1,896 1,058 1,127 966 161 5,225 3,989 1,236 6,379 3,859 2,520 3,004 1,906 1,098 1,136 974 162 5,309 4,052 1,257 6,560 3,914 2,646 2,965 1,827 1,138 1,116 957 159 5,411 4,127 1,284 6,495 3,854 2,641 3,091 1,924 1,167 1,117 954 163 5,444 4.138 1,306 6,190 3,766 2,424 3,130 1,956 1,174 95.0 94.1 Females 94.6 CHARLOTTE 89.8 89.3 Females 90.4 Durham 82.5 85.4 78.2 O ASTONIA 87.3 91.0 81.0 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 9 Table 8.— WAGE EARNERS, BY MONTHS, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919— Continued. Aver- age num- ber em- ployed during year. NUMBER EMPLOYED ON 15'TH DAY OF THE MONTH OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Per cent INDUSTRY' AND CITY. Janu- ary. Febru- ary. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sep- tember. Octo- ber. Novem- ber. Decem- ber. mum is of maxi- mum. GOLDSBORO 1,100 984 116 1,615 976 639 4,076 2,786 1,290 1,586 1,574 12 1,161 906 255 1,562 1,476 86 1,050 729 321 1,846 1,532 314 654 583 71 12, 366 7,586 4,780 1,009 901 108 i,m 88S 609 4,133 2,772 1,361 1,598 1,586 12 1,176 902 274 1,501 1,413 88 957 6S8 319 1, 857 1,559 298 651 578 73 12, 667 7,737 4,930 1,072 962 110 1,511 891 620 4,061 2,738 1,323 1,519 1,507 12 1,154 887 267 1,590 1,486 104 961 655 S06 1,878 1,573 305 662 588 74 12, 544 7,602 4,942 1,097 986 111 1, 543 929 614 4,007 2,697 1,310 1,545 1,533 12 1,148 884 264 1,660 1,555 105 962 646 316 1,879 1,564 315 708 627 81 12, 376 7,539 4,837 1,155 1 042 113 1,586 971 615 4,044 2,757 1,287 1,571 1,559 12 1,194 928 266 1,676 1,569 107 1,035 717 318 1,921 1,589 332 717 636 81 11,969 7,338 4,631 1,108 992 116 1,582 916 666 4,121 2,813 1,308 1,583 1,571 12 1,203 926 277 1,630 1,529 101 1,084 759 325 1,880 1,562 318 677 609 68 11,173 6,862 4,311 1, 130 1,006 124 1,618 939 679 4,197 2,933 1,264 1,543 1,531 12 1,200 934 266 1,598 1,509 89 1,080 773 307 1,870 1,557 313 636 561 75 //, 160 6,941 4,219 1,106 989 117 1,657 977 680 4,151 2,953 1,198 1,575 1,563 12 1,202 936 266 1,572 1,494 78 1,107 771 336 1,731 1,416 315 609 536 73 11,276 6,993 4,283 1,152 1,034 118 1.648 1, 036 612 3,860 2,645 1,215 1,609 1,597 12 1,204 927 277 1,442 1,380 62 1,119 805 314 1,670 1,361 309 605 542 63 12,715 7,821 4,894 1,118 1,001 117 1,724 1,093 631 3,348 2,241 1,107 1, 633 1,621 12 1,197 924 273 1,433 1,367 66 1,188 865 323 1,898 1,581 317 627 567 60 12, 888 7,593 5,295 1,090 970 120 1,718 1,092 626 4,294 2,954 1,340 1,687 1,675 12 1,228 955 273 1,562 1,492 70 1,049 696 353 1,913 1,596 317 637 577 60 13, 060 8,075 4,985 1,086 967 119 1,660 1,003 657 4,332 2,970 1,362 1,538 1,526 12 1,006 833 173 1,492 1,409 83 1,018 702 316 1,810 1,500 310 664 591 73 13, 278 8,318 4,960 1,077 958 119 1,639 980 659 4,364 2,959 1,405 1,631 1,619 12 1,020 836 184 1,588 1,509 79 1,040 721 319 1,845 1,526 319 655 584 71 13,286 8,213 5,073 87.4 86 5 Greensboro 87.1 86.7 Mi.es 81.0 Females 89.6 High Point 76.7 Males 75.5 Females 78.8 New Bern , 90.0 Males 90.0 Females 100.0 Raleigh 81.9 Males 87.2 Females 62.5 Rocky Mount 85.5 Males 87. 1 Females 57.9 80.6 Males 73.8 Females 86.7 Wilmington 86.9 Males 85.3 Females 89.8 Wilson 84.4 Males 84.3 74.1 Winston-Salem 84.0 Males 82.5 Females 79. 7 Table 9.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919 AND 1914. Census year. Total. IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE THE PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK WERE — INDUSTRY AND CITY. 44 and under. Between 44 and 48. 48.1 Between 48 and 54. 54. Between 54 and 60. 60. Over 60. All industries 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 157, 659 136, 844 121,473 1,174 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 310 C 2 ) ( 2 ) 9,411 2,361 1,648 20, 081 2,578 1,447 5,934 3,948 3,741 77,547 17,844 14,016 39, 481 100, 236 47, 974 3,721 9,877 52, 647 1,283 49 922 924 385 305 1,338 1,601 1,221 1,377 4,071 2,806 392 385 252 312 316 110 336 338 444 67, 297 53,703 414 194 335 270 78 1 15 5 85 3 77 1,100 46 357 388 235 136 551 863 744 904 5 61 53 178 45 157 62 64 157 124 245 13,690 53, 491 104 194 230 54 7 49 49 516 191 26 2S6 70 34 119 67 43 8 3,143 28 40 1 64 1 50 915 1,670 26 < 2 ) 91 ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 52 ( 2 ) 8 88 113 7 4 87 408 460 420 410 8 8 98 123 188 155 71 3 57 20 160 49,804 28 34 2 Cars and general shop co»struction and repairs by steam railroad companies. ( 2 ) 1 1 067 Clothing, men's 40 20 181 20 64 16 Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods 3 Confectionery and ice cream 10 ( 2 ) 13 ( 2 ) 136 2 48 21 39 484 3 21 3 27 138 13 ( 2 ) 38 34 35 ( 2 ) 75 1,421 1,823 212 Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills. . 310 71 34 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 111 105 65 6 1 Includes 48 and under for 1914 and 1909. 84286—22 2 2 Corresponding figures not available. 3 N01, shown separately in 1914. 10 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 9.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, BY PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919 AND 1914— Continued. INDUSTRY AND CITY. Fertilizers -• Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products 3 . Furniture Gas, illuminating and heating Ice, manufactured Knit goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-mill products, not including planing mills con- nected with sawmills. Marble and stone work Mineral and soda waters Oil and cake, cottonseed , Paving materials Printing and publishing, book and job Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals . Census year. Silk goods, including throwsters' Tobacco, chewing and smoking.. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes. All other industries Total for cities. Asheville Charlotte Durham Gastonia 1 ... Goldsboro* . Greensboro. High Point New Bern. ... Raleigh Rocky Mount. Salisbury < . . Wilmington. Wilson 4 Winston-Salem . 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 1919 1919 1914 Total. 2,077 1,690 629 588 1,969 1,279 7,910 5,801 341 210 757 519 10, 216 7,787 1,385 877 22,728 30,590 2,197 2,860 935 704 661 470 2,302 1,586 274 508 632 569 976 971 966 2,573 8,950 11, 683 1,517 7,172 7,1.86 42,216 29,033 IN establishments where the prevailing hours of labor per week were— 44 and under. 1,119 951 5,161 3,799 5,977 4,764 2,943 1,100 1,615 1,229 4,076 3,582 1,586 848 1,161 1,051 1,562 1,454 1,050 1,846 1,721 654 12,366 9,634 ( 2 ) ( 2 )' ( 2 )' "( V )' 63 367 ( 2 ) Between 44 and 48. ( 2 ) (?) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 132 ( 2 ) (') 142 ( 2 ) 20 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 115 m m 267 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 36 ( 2 ) ( s ) 165 9 233 162 28 453 95 149 578 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 53 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( s ) ( 2 ) 31 ( 2 ) 107 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) '(■>) ( 2 ) 53 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 24 505 102 31 Between ] 48 and 54. 54. 192 429 3 3,816 242 558 345 562 375 847 345 1 1,553 105 812 376 76 374 81 113 61 2,376 1,209 118 417 325 5 31 1 30 112 1,524 60 8,915 255 121 14, 595 480 321 575 170 623 6 286 180 140 43 64 135 Between 54 and 60. 375 24 119 74 301 36 536 77 155 11 283 232 481 4 39 976 109 1,501 251 31 3,309 19 312 5 537 349 715 127 14 9,245 19 449 123 2,716 1,656 1,408 501 92 15 547 195 5,289 502 36 22 6 15 3,569 683 149 139 5,586 2,730 1,114 324 362 15 126 19 60. 78 77 812 87 8,834 2,339 1,173 3, 491 1,152 12,835 10, 938 397 437 399 507 735 1,621 4,538 273 140 1,743 7,080 595 738 13, 186 21,092 784 1,930 18 44 319 371 347 77 63 101 170 154 Over 60. 37 1 326 1,187 4, 770 5,236 12,963 62 389 413 485 57 168 322 148 112 21 214 926 10 23 345 245 54 328 99 2,197 170 1,783 2,201 2,546 3 288 114 3,143 513 267 33 3 6 680 423 188 141 1,024 7,614 27 620 1,605 2,799 254 2,407 329 644 239 685 169 2,502 656 473 333 625 71 377 309 59 714 406 135 1,761 53 126 36 158 173 144 377 364 18 304 646 4,801 1,800 1,509 165 915 1,553 2,184 33 63 438 26 19 50 304 10 26 6 25 30 150 167 92 1,056 199 351 107 108 106 Includes J8 and under for 1914 and 1909, J Corresponding figures not available, 3 Includes "textile machinery and parts. < Not shown separately in 1914, MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. ii Table 10.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919. total. establishments employing— INDUSTRY AND CITY. CO 1 a 03 W el dj £ C3 C« <*£ 03 No wage earn- ers. lto5 wage earners, inclusive. 6 to 20 wage earners, inclusive. 21 to 50 wage earners, inclusive. 51 to 100 wage earners, inclusive. 101 to 250 wage earners, inclusive. 251 to 500 wage earners, inclusive, 501 to 1,000 wage earners, inclusive. Over 1,000 wage earners. 11 II bo co co J) . If OS CJ CO 2 to 53 03 H > t > OS CO ■a . el co 2 co is . II toS 03 £ Establish- ments. Wage earners. f3 . 3H 03 B -s co 2 bi CO ■? ■ 3 2 o! O V, a 03 £ P" 03 S3 . si « 2 -/. V 03 G > t- i-" 03 CO All industries 5,999 157, 659 353 3,488 8,474 1,204 12, 452 370 12, 212 234 17. 129 252 39,865 58 19, 329 27 19, 289 13 28, 909 309 27 70 95 101 11 7 11 66 86 5 311 8 5 7 45 374 128 107 22 63 121 11 2,762 168 58 137 62 9 104 215 3 14 11 18 448 862 1,283 922 385 1,338 1,221 4,071 392 252 316 336 444 67, 297 414 335 270 2,077 629 1,664 7,910 341 757 10, 216 1,385 22, 728 2,197 935 661 2,302 274 632 976 966 I 305 2,573 11,683 7,172 42, 216 4 2 5 1 12 253 2 36 32 63 2 797 4 105 93 166 5 49 9 28 43 15 1 1 4 11 16 1 5 1 380 107 256 496 189 8 20 64 118 148 15 72 7 3 10 1 16 5 1 3 3 106 322 24 494 161 43 107 103 Boxes, wooden packing, except cigar boxes. . . 2 139 2 350 Brick, sewer pipe, and draintile 2 4 127 314 1 1 3 1 128 130 473 148 Cars and general shop construction and re- pairs by steam-railroad companies 1 2 261 726 1 915 1 1,901 Clothing, men's 2 1 2 117 77 118 Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. . 1 11 3 2 42 65 8 80 143 Confectionery and ice cream Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work 2. 2 23 2 1 2 13 4 21 24 6 13 34 45 69 919 66 34 46 444 111 670 801 200 394 1,160 Cordage and twine 2 360 Cotton goods 1 70 5 2 1 10 5,379 341 156 81 681 154 24.511 33 11,428 21 14, 789 5 10, 199 Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclusive of that done in textile mills 1 2 1 1 5 143 111 793 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies 3 11 14 34 16 8 20 26 32 137 111 334 188 62 226 362 129 8 2 1 1 32 10 7 1 29 29 6 227 58 8 7 28 12 1 2,022 61 37 90 4 2 47 151 22 407 167 27 26 84 27 2 4,810 189 84 251 20 8 113 380 Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products 7 36 1 1 32 4 23 2 493 2,801 53 53 2,225 343 1,693 131 17 2,553 3 950 i 590 Gas, illuminating and heating Ice, manufactured Knit goods 10 4 1,568 73R 4 1 9 1,296 304 2,744 i 671 2 2,907 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished 574 74 9 46 15 1 22 28 5,636 869 119 410 227 20 235 322 71 19 3 2,268 709 103 30 4, 862 2 299 l 715 Lumber, planing-mill products, not includ- ing planing mills connected with sawmills. . Marble and stone work 2 629 Mineral and soda waters Oil and cake, cottonseed 32 4 4 5 1,038 114 114 155 7 2 2 2 477 132 170 119 4 540 Paving materials Printing and publishing, book and job Printing and publishing, newspapers and Silk goods, including throwsters 2 267 i 699 Textile machinery and parts 4 10 4 4 3 108 253 47 48 20 1,167 2,553 5 188 1 1 1 11 57 60 60 53 736 4,005 Tobacco, chewing and smoking 4 1 7 53 582 156 1,155 8,624 1 1 1 12 358 325 308 3,825 1 2 2 3 1,525 Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes 2 63 54 6 219 304 13 431 817 1 37 118 23 1,181 3,762 l 910 10,183 2,194 12, 064 All other industries Total for cities 8 6,566 Asheville 51 111 74 34 50 83 81 62 83 26 31 65 18 93 1,119 5,161 5,977 2, 94v3 1,100 1,615 4,076 1,586 1,161 1,562 1,050 1,846 654 12,366 10 5 6 1 2 3 2 7 2 6 1 9 8 25 37 5 27 36 19 30 35 11 10 25 4 32 16 67 99 13 81 97 53 112 81 30 23 57 16 72 24 32 16 11 14 27 18 22 28 6 15 15 6 19 243 384 146 100 106 269 203 178 252 68 162 155 49 238 6 21 8 5 3 10 20 3 7 4 3 11 4 13 165 703 198 186 112 275 592 84 201 112 111 376 169 478 3 10 1 9 3 2 5 3 2 695 1,333 137 1,539 458 304 984 398 307 CHARLOTTE: 16 2 2 1 5 13 1 4 1 975 200 159 90 345 922 99 320 58 2 2 1 1,699 1,892 646 Durham 2 3,305 Gastonia 1 1 1 2 300 253 325 623 Goldsboro Greensboro High Point 1 1 699 715 :New Bern Raleigh Eocky Mount 1 1 2 1 2 379 379 647 261 658 1 915 Salisbury 2 2 375 311 Wilmington 4 2 6 300 159 378 Wilson Winston-Salem 11 1,783 1 8,759 Table 11.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. VALUE of product. number or ESTABLISHMENTS. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 All classes 5,999 5,507 4,931 157, 659 136,844 121,473 $943,807,949 $289,411,987 $216, 656, 055 $416, 901, 768 $119,470,016 $94, 794, 525 Less than $5,000 1,606 2,178 1,295 584 192 144 2,674 1,453 826 477 45 32 2,322 1,358 820 \ 409 22 2,024 8,478 14, 465 / 33, 265 \ 29,584 69, 843 6,152 11,335 20, 802 } 70,961 6,970 11,902 24, 074 57,932 4,277,373 22,893,804 56,696,285 / 142,030,821 \ 136,343,787 581, 565, 879 5, 734, 874 14, 503, 860 37,757,441 103, 121, 334 30, 139, 285 98, 155, 193 5,151,695 13, 690, 273 37,172,248 \ 101,973,523 58,668,316 3,097,500 15,198,760 28,360,505 / 58,947,068 \ 55,550,198 255,747,737 3,930,522 8, 186, 094 16,346,945 | 45,923,110 45,083,345 3 432 538 $5,000 to $20,000 7' 799,' 055 16,594,882 $20,000 to $100,000 $100,000 to $500,000 $500,000 to $1 ,000,000 37,902,430 31,000,000 and over 27,594 20,595 29,065,620 PER CENT DISTRIBUTION. 100.0 100. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than $5,000 26.8 36.3 21.6 9.7 3.2 2.4 48.6 26.4 15.0 8.7 0.8 0.6 47.1 27.5 16.6 } 8.3 0.4 1. 3 4 S 5.7 9.8 19.8 47.7 17.0 0.5 2.4 6.0 / 15. \ 14.4 61.6 2.0 5.0 13.0 35.6 10.4 33.9 2.4 6.3 17.2 J- 47.1 27.1 0.7 3.7 6.8 / 14.1 \ 13.3 61.3 3.3 6.9 13.7 } 38.4 37.7 3 6 $5,000 to $20,000 5.4 9.2 f 21.1 \ 18.8 44.3 8.3 15.2 } 51.8 20.2 8 2 $20,000 to $100,000 17 5 $100,000 to $500,000 $500,000 to $1,000,000 40.0 $1,000,000 and over 30.7 12 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 12.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES: 1919 AND 1914. INDUSTRY AND VALUE OF PRODUCT. Cotton goods. $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $500,000... $500,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over... Fertilizers. Less than $20,000.... $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $500,000... $500,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over... Flour-mill and gristmill products Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $1 000,000. $1,000,000 and over... Foundry and products 3 . . . . machine-shop Less than $5,000. . . $5,000 to $20,000.... $20,000 to $100,000. . $100,000 to $500,000. Furniture . . . Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $500,000 . . $500,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over . . Knit goods. Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $500,000. . . $500,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over.. Lumber and timber products. Less than $5,000. . . $5,000 to $20,000.... $20,000 to $100,000.. $100,000 to $500,000. $500,000 and over. . . Lumber, planing-mill prod- ucts, NOT INCLUDING PLAN- ING MILLS CONNECTED WITH SAWMILLS Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000.... $100,000 to $1,000,000. OIL AND CAKE, COTTONSEED. Less than $100,000... $100,000 to $500,000. . . $500,000 to $1,000,000. $1,000,000 and over... number of establishments. 1919 1914 311 293 6 113 107 85 45 374 28 124 180 38 4 142 19 55 45 23 107 3 10 21 57 13 3 121 4 13 45 50 6 3 2,762 1,086 1,180 410 74 12 168 <36 14 12 5 53 198 23 14 293 47 132 100 14 112 35 43 30 4 109 74 4 15 32 2 23 2,714 1,822 668 163 57 4 206 Per cent, distribution 1919 1914 100.0 1.9 36.3 34.4 27.3 100.0 6.7 17.8 24.4 26.7 24.4 100.0 7.5 33.2 48.1 10.2 1.1 100.0 13.4 38.7 31.7 16.2 100.0 2.8 9.3 19.6 53.3 12.1 2.8 100.0 3.3 10.7 37.2 41.3 5.0 2.5 100.0 39.3 42.7 14.8 2.7 0.4 100.0 1.7 18.1 67.6 7.8 4.8 100.0 22.0 22.0 41.5 14.6 100.0 16.0 45.1 34.1 4.8 100.0 31.2 38.4 26.8 3.6 100.0 15.6 41.3 36.7 100.0 5.4 20.3 43.2 31.1 100.0 67.1 24.6 6.0 2.1 0.1 100.0 100.0 13.7 22.6 44.0 19.6 62 100.0 58. 1 22.6 19.4 19.4 30.6 41.7 8.3 100.0 25.8 61.3 12.9 AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. 1919 67, 297 134 9,299 17, 269 40, 595 2,077 78 2,381 238,697 31 94 211 602 ,139 77 170 2 1,443 186 111 19 213 667 1,070 7,910 2 54 414 4,052 2,201 1,187 10, 216 3 118 1,074 3,794 1,649 3,578 22, 728 1,555 5,196 5,486 6,758 3,733 2,197 25 169 822 1,181 2,302 Per cent distribution, 1914 53,703 1919 1914 100.0 12, 547 1,690 0.2 13.8 25.7 60.3 100.0 1.5 4.5 10.2 29.0 54.8 588 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.1 4.4 72.1 $318, 368, 181 23.4 100.0 4.6 10.1 85.4 47 152 270 119 1,279 56 264 757 202 5. 801 23 221 1,692 3,865 7,787 18 317 1,590 2 5,862 30, 590 4,643 6,734 6,263 212,950 0.2 6.8 45.8 29.6 17.6 8.0 25.9 45.9 20.2 100.0 100.0 1.0 10.8 33.9 54.3 100.0 100.0 4.4 20.6 59.2 15.8 (') 0.7 5.2 51.2 27.8 15.0 100.0 75 446 1,396 943 1,586 C 1 ) 1.2 10.5 37.1 16.1 35.0 100.0 6.8 22.9 24.1 29.7 16.4 100.0 1.1 7.7 37.4 53.8 100.0 0.4 3.8 29.2 100.0 0.2 4.1 20.4 75.3 100.0 15.2 22.0 20.5 42.3 100.0 2.6 15.6 33.0 100.0 < 728 570 1,004 162 I '- 1,424 J 31.6 .... 24.8 .... 43.6 10.2 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 1919 $90, 743, 683 403, 555 39, 244, 433 77, 143, 154 201, 577, 039 27, 551, 316 40, 851 486, 940 3, 309, 095 8, 984, 655 14, 729, 775 24, 258, 213 83, 775 1, 481, 711 7, 675, 585 7, 097, 932 7, 919, 210 7, 195, 354 51, 381 633, 504 2, 234, 450 4, 276, 019 29, 725, 300 2,482 123,916 1,196,207 14, 246, 879 8,883,072 5, 272, 744 29, 833, 568 9,076 169, 035 2, 448, 903 10, 511, 814 4,018,904 12,675,836 54, 928, 222 11, 439, 082 59, 923 426, 549 3, 849, 140 7, 103, 470 46, 995, 107 < 10, 777, 549 10, 140, 010 26, 077, 548 Per cent distribution 1914 82,106 3, 646, 828 47, 234, 429 15, 643, 116 24, 137, 204 10, 307, 856 81, 530 383, 785 5, 471, 608 4, 370, 933 1919 1914 100.0 0.1 12.3 24.2 63.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.1 1.8 12.0 32.6 53.5 8,963,501 100.0 138, 821 1, 498, 950 4, 368, 521 2, 957, 209 2,476,653 100.0 0.3 6.1 31.6 29.3 32.6 102, 296 424, 931 1, 378, 237 571, 189 9, 335, 195 18, 847 204, 402 2, 442, 394 6, 669, 552 8,892,362 100.0 0.7 31.1 59.4 100.0 C 1 ) 0.4 4.0 47.9 29.9 17.7 11, 658 217, 892 1, 472, 976 2 7, 189, 836 (') 0.6 8.2 35.2 13.5 42.5 30,529,211 100.0 3, 706, 248 6, 157, 760 6, 604, 819 11, 706, 687 2, 353, 697 7, 293, 909 100. 5.3 21.4 28.3 30.2 14.9 85,644 691, 744 3, 781, 471 2, 735, 050 0.5 3.7 33.6 62.1 15,269,364 100.0 876, 134 8, 102, 235 « 6, 290, 995 22.9 21.6 55.5 0.8 3.7 53.1 42.4 100.0 1.5 16.7 48.7 33.0 100.0 4.1 17.2 55.6 23.1 100.0 0.2 2.2 26.2 71.4 100.0 0.1 2.5 16.6 100.0 12.1 20.2 21.6 38.3 7.7 100.0 1.2 9.5 51.8 37.5 100.0 5.7 53.1 41.2 $131, 588, 466 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. 1919 $28, 405, 261 155, 190 15, 041, 658 30, 405, 999 85, 985, 619 8, 945, 496 13, 306 1, 013, 718 2 20,093, 657 24,037 203, 641 831, 024 3, 067, 944 4, 818, 850 3, 212, 624 18, 246 254, 556 1, 231, 158 986, 416 722, 248 4, 097, 909 Per cent distribution. 1914 7, 284, 580 2, 603, 639 37,319 81, 248 » 2, 485, 072 1, 319, 718 34, 102 290, 459 720, 649 274, 508 1, 376, 437 29, 590 450, 044 1, 298, 706 2, 319, 569 15, 477, 339 73, 010 269, 972 815, 669 217, 786 4, 500, 090 1,772 77,171 601,168 6,879,952 4,982,336 2,934,940 12, 251, 166 2,606 55, 239 854, 325 3, 839, 024 1,621,297 5,878,675 | 39, 039, 279 2, 268, 716 8, 701, 224 10, 769, 114 11, 345, 258 5, 954, 967 12, 698 105, 585 1, 218, 435 3, 163, 372 2, 482, 703 6,053 91, 366 566, 316 2 1, 818, 968 20, 171, 958 2, 674, 686 4, 148, 974 4, 076, 905 2 9, 271, 393 4, 300, 089 2, 357, 961 37, 649 231, 104 1, 513, 142 2, 518, 194 48, 458 269, 588 1, 259, 241 780, 674 7, 872, 174 2, 155, 209 J 135,436 * 1, 820, 935 i 6 2, 019, 773 2,044,337 | 4,006,902 , 1919 1914 100.0 0.1 11.4 23.1 65.3 100.0 0.3 2.3 9.3 34.3 53.9 100.0 0.6 7.9 38.3 30.7 22.5 100.0 0.7 11.0 31.7 56.6 100.0 (») 0.5 3.9 44.4 32.2 19.0 100.0 100.0 (') 3.6 70.7 25.6 100.0 1.4 3.1 95.4 100.0 2.6 22.0 54.6 20.8 100.0 5.3 19.6 59.3 15.8 100.0 0.3 2.3 27.1 70.3 (') 0.5 7.0 31.3 13.2 48.0 100.0 5.8 22.3 27.6 29.1 15.3 100.0 0.9 5.4 35.2 58.6 100.0 0.2 3.7 22.8 73.3 100.0 13.3 20.6 20.2 46.0 100.0 2.1 11.4 53.4 33.1 100. 100. 23.1 26.0 50.9 6.3 93.7 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Includes the group "$500,000 to $1,000,000. : 3 Includes "textile machinery and parts." 5 Includes the groups "$500,000 to $1,000,000" and "$1,000,000 and over." * Includes the group "$20,000 to $100,000." « Includes the group "$1,000,000 and over." MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 13 Table 13.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS, FOR CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1919. CITY AND VALUE OP PRODUCT. ASHEVILLE Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over Charlotte Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 to $500,000.. $500,000 to $1 000,000 $1,000,000 and over.. Durham Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over Gastonla $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 to $500,000.. $500,000 and over Goldsboro Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over.... Greensboro... Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000. . . $100,000 and over. . . . High Point Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 to $500,000.. $500,000 and over.... ■* l| 3.Q WAGE EARNERS. Aver- num- ber. 1,119 4 82 184 849 5,161 541 1,525 1,411 1,635 5,977 372 5,524 2,943 19 114 232 2,578 1,100 39 169 1,615 11 74 304 1,226 4,076 4 67 311 1,591 2,103 Per cent of total. 100.0 0.4 7.3 16.4 75.9 100.0 1 0.9 10 5 29 5 27 3 31.7 100 2 1 2 6.2 92.4 100.0 0.6 3.9 7.9 87.6 100.0 0.5 3.5 15.4 80.5 100.0 0.7 4.6 18.8 75.9 100.0 0.1 1.6 7.6 39.0 51.6 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Amount. $7,091,211 16,811 166, 834 934,635 5, 972, 931 43,095,898 12,576 146,422 2,476,744 7,416,457 5, 535, 366 27, 508, 333 70, 659, 339 43, 290 229, 316 1,310,643 69,076,09'J 12, 012, 775 70, 035 506, 533 1,197,616 10, 238, 591 4, 142, 544 11,005 143, 686 889, 884 3, 097, 969 7, 457, 853 Per cent of total. 100.0 0.2 2 4 13.2 84 2 100.0 0) 3 5 8 17 2 12 8 63.8 100.0 0.1 3 1.9 97.8 100.0 0.6 4.2 10.0 85.2 100.0 0.3 3.5 21.5 74.8 100.0 22, 076 240, 692 1, 432, 842 5, 762, 243 14, 868, 797 11,363 158, 835 919, 592 6, 937, 173 6,841,834 0.3 3 2 19 2 77.3 100.0 0.1 1.1 6 2 46.7 46.0 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. Amount. $2,501,799 10,114 98, 625 420, 934 1,972,126 12,099,513 7,964 92,787 1, 290, 093 3, 438, 945 2, 068, 455 5, 201, 269 35, 990, 264 23, 972 132,051 639, 108 35, 195, 133 5,446,732 40,719 249,534 384, 965 4, 771, 514 1, 863, 326 8,895 88, 763 461,291 1,304,377 3, 337, 593 Per cent of total. 100.0 100.0 0.1 0.8 10.7 28.4 17.1 43.0 100.0 0.1 0.4 1.8 97.8 100.0 0.7 4.6 7.1 87.6 100.0 0.5 4.8 24.8 70.0 100.0 13, 604 148, 055 734, 422 2,441,512 7, 075, 730 8,203 98, 153 446, 590 3,055,648 3,467,136 0.4 4.4 22.0 73.2 100.0 CITY AND VALUE OF PRODUCT. New Bern Less than $20,000 . . . $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over.... E.ALEIGH Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100, 000... $100,000 and over.... Rocky Mount. Le-s than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over Salisbury Less than $20,000 . . . $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over.... Wilmington Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over. . . . Wilson Less than $20,000... $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 and over.... Winston-Salem Less than $5,000 $5,000 to $20,000 $20,000 to $100,000... $100,000 to $500,000.. $500, 000 and over... S3 3.0 Z2 62 83 WAGE EARNERS. Aver- num- ber. 1,586 154 159 1,273 1,161 12 76 309 764 1,562 3 28 78 1,453 1,050 25 132 M Per cent of total. 100.0 9.6 10.1 •80.3 100.0 1.0 6.5 26.6 65.8 100.0 0.2 1.8 5.0 93.0 100.0 2.4 12.6 85.0 100.0 3 33 172 1,638 654 0.2 1.8 9.3 88.7 100.0 11 47 596 1.7 7.2 91.1 12,366 | 100.0 8 42 352 991 10,973 0.1 0.3 2.8 8.0 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. Amount. $5, 702, 398 452,894 560, 264 4, 689, 240 6,871,008 45, 538 235,831 1,372,891 5, 216, 748 4, 903, 500 14,217 101,567 325, 225 4,462,491 5, 126, 896 78, 751 887,383 4, 160, 762 10, 537, 306 21,150 173,423 816, 652 9, 526, 081 5, 689, 048 28,039 223, 886 5,437,123 200, 484, 834 Per cent of total. 100.0 7.9 9.8 82.2 100.0 0.7 3.4 20.0 75.9 100.0 0.3 2.1 6.6 91.0 100.0 1.5 17.3 81.2 100.0 0.2 1.6 7.7 90.4 100.0 0.5 3.9 95.6 100.0 (') 0.1 0.7 2.5 96.7 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. Amount. $3,386,133 360, 388 322,983 2,702,762 2,895,272 30, 872 133, 540 725, 587 2,005,273 2,484,550 7,903 67,313 189, 739 2,219,595 1,935,144 48,431 379, 813 1,506,900 4,526,318 14,296 104, 569 475,497 3,931,956 1,760,937 13,348 139,000 1, 608, 589 103,221,877 Per cent of total. 100.0 10.6 9.5 79.8 100.0 1.1 4.6 25.1 69.3 100.0 0.3 2.7 7.6 89.3 100.0 2.5 19.6 77.9 100.0 0.3 2.3 10.5 100.0 0.8 7.9 91.3 100.0 84268—22- 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 14 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 14.— CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919 AND 1914. Cen- sus year. number of establishments owned by — AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS. VALUE OF PRODUCTS. INDUSTRY AND CITY. Total. In stablishments owned by — Percent of total. Total. Of establishments owned by — Per cent of total. Indi- Cor- vid- pora- uals. tions. All oth- ers. Indi- vid- uals. Cor- pora- tions. All oth- ers. Indi- vid- uals. Cor- pora- ions. All oth- ers. Individ- uals. Corpora- tions. All others. Indi- Cor- vid- pora- uals. tions. All oth- ers. All industries 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 3,065 2,680: 2, 265; 1,608 1,444 1,339 1,326 1,383 1,327 157, 659 136,844 121,473 13,084135,350 14,5381112,215 14,215 95,885 9,225 10,091 11,373 8.3 10.6 11.7 85.8 82.0 78.9 5.9 7.4 9.4 $943,807,949 289,411,987 216,656,055 $48, 846, 110 $853, 423, 735 $41 , 538, 104 21,131,1231249,417,509 18,863,355 17,451,179] 182,140,664 17,064,212 5.2 7.3 8.1 90.4 86.2 84.1 4.4 6.5 7.9 Automobile repairing 176 5 54 1 79 6 1,283 49 611 7 375 30 297 12 47.6 14.3 29.2 61.2 23.1 24.5 5,002,291 92,140 2, 153, 700 14,060 1,387,300 62, 350 1,461,291 15, 730 43.1 15.3 27.7 67.7 »T2 17.1 Boxes, wooden packing, except cigar boxes. 1919 1914 6 11 17 15 4 6 922 924 49 78 802 593 71 253 5.3 8.4 87.0 64.2 7.7 27.4 3, 186, 720 1,808,453 114,212 91,215 2, 872, 789 1,335,217 199,719 382,021 3.6 5.0 90.1 73.8 6.3 21.1 Bread and other bakery products. 1919 1914 52 40 7 10 11 16 385 305 264 168 68 79 53 58 68.6 55.1 17.7 25.9 13.8 19.0 2,571,518 873,381 1,695,362 427,194 553, 890 285, 678 322,266 160,509 65.9 48.9 21.5 32.7 12.5 18.4 Brick, sewer pipe, and draintile. 1919 1914 35 44 31 34 29 49 1,338 1,601 297 336 763 768 278 497 22.2 | 21.0 57.0 48.0 20.8 1 31.0 j 3,211,892 1,506,894 632, 471 282, 545 1,973,851 846, 459 605, 570 377, 890 19.7 18.7 61.5 56.2 18.9 25.1 Carriages and wagons, in- cluding repairs. 1919 1914 59 70 20 25 22 36 1,221 1,377 262 405 744 690 215 282 21.5 29.4 60.9 50.1 17.6 20.5 5, 992, 423 2,956,926 973,014 592, 992 4, 020, 375 1,775,763 999, 034 588,171 16.2 20.1 67.1 60.1 16.7 19.9 Cars and general shop con- struction and repairs by 1919 1914 11 16 4,071 2,806 4,071 2,806 ! 100.0 13,898,873 5,047,536 13,898,873 5, 047, 536 100. 100.0 100.0 steam-railroad compa- nies. 1919 1914 7 11 296 273 8 9 67, 297 53,703 398 834 66,045 52,075 854 794 0.6 1.6 98.1 97.0 1.3 1.5 318,368,181 90, 743, 683 1,707,655 1,811,435 312, 993, 628 87,694,395 3,666,898 1,237,853 0.5 2.0 98.3 96.6 1 2 1.4 Fertilizers 1919 1914 3 4 39 33 3 4 2,077 1,690 52 2,002 1,611 175 27 3.1 96.4 95.3 3.6 1.6 27,551,316 10, 307, 856 26,471,882 9,882,332 11,079,434 41,450 3.7 96.1 95.9 3 9 384, 074 0.4 Flour-mill and gristmill products. 1919 1914 192 136 75 54 107 103 629 588 191 221 322 190 116 177 30.4 37.6 51.2 32.3 18.4 30.1 24,258,213 8,963,501 5,609,155 2,640,852 14, 468, 627 3, 784, 363 4,180,431 2, 538, 286 23.1 29.5 59.6 42.2 17.2 28.3 Foundry and m a c h i n e - shop products. 2 1919 1914 58 48 56 45 28 19 1,969 1,279 234 231 1,544 778 191 270 11.9 18.1 78.4 60.8 9.7 21.1 7,195,354 2,476,653 884,331 405, 605 5,531,763 1,569,900 779, 260 501,148 12.3 16.4 76.9 63.4 10.8 20.2 1919 1914 12 4 85 89 10 16 7,910 5,801 242 113 6,705 5,259 963 429 3.1 1.9 84.8 90.7 12.2 7.4 29,725,300 9,335,195 976, 726 246, 340 25,777,172 8,356,631 2,971,402 732,224 3.3 2.6 86.7 89.5 10 7.8 Knit goods 1919 1914 13 10 93 57 15 7 10, 216 7,787 193 360 9,660 7,241 363 186 1.9 4.6 94.6 93.0 3.6 2.4 29, 833, 568 8, 892, 362 588, 249 296, 806 27,988,869 8,407,655 1,256,450 187,901 2.0 3.3 93.8 94.6 4 2 2.1 Leather, tanned, curried, 1919 1914 1919 1914 2 5 1,866 1,708 7 6 189 176 2 6 707 830 1,385 877 22, 728 30, 590 7,723 9,053 1,082 613 11,257 16,532 1303 1 264 3,748 5,005 34.0 29.6 78.1 69.9 49.5 54.0 21.9 30.1 16.5 16.4 17, 848, 526 7,182,400 54,928,222 30,529,211 12,281,314 4,241,239 26,128,881 17,229,674 15,567,212 12,941,161 9,797,183 5, 037, 039 34.6 27.1 68.8 59.0 47.6 56.4 31.2 and finished. 40.9 Lumber and timber prod- ucts. 19,002,158 8, 262, 498 17.8 16.5 Lumber, planing-mill prod- ucts, not including plan- ing mills connected with sawmills. Mineral and soda waters. . . 1919 1914 1919 1914 55 63 52 55 72 86 48 42 41 57 37 35 2,197 2,860 661 470 342 544 205 160 1,518 1,924 262 209 337 392 194 101 15.6 19.0 31.0 34.0 69.1 67.3 39.6 44.5 15.3 13.7 29.3 21.5 11,439,082 7,293,909 5,434,393 1 , 706, 745 2, 054, 369 1,339,271 1,389,070 484, 704 7,534,980 4,796,198 2,304,011 852,712 1,849,733 1,158,440 1,741,312 369,329 18.0 18.4 25.6 28.4 65.9 65.8 42.4 50.0 16.2 15.9 32.0 21.6 Patent and proprietary 1919 1914 9 5 15 15 3 6 212 74 3 7 1 205 59 14 3.3 1.4 96.7 79.7 18.9 4,883,436 511,568 3 65,232 6,200 4,818,204 468,961 1.3 1.2 98.7 91.7 • medicines. 36, 407 7.1 Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodi- cals. 1919 1914 93 12Q 85 76 37 42 976 971 215 335 675 519 86 117 22.0 34.5 69.2 53.5 8.8 12.0 4, 340, 731 2,148,454 747, 860 522, 845 3,318,446 1,417,691 274, 425 207,918 17.2 24.3 76.4 66.0 6.3 9.7 Total for cities 1919 1914 1919 1914 275 193 451 338 136 87 42,216 29,033 2,095 1,459 39,062 26,410 1,059 1,164 5.0 5.0 92.5 91.0 2.5 4.0 398,643,407 100,986,515 11,381,359 3,519,903 381,610,227 95,151,647 5,651,821 2,314,965 2.9 3.5 4.1 5.0 95.7 94.2 89.3 88.2 1.4 2.3 ASHEVILLE 19 18 24 21 8 6 1,119 951 68 94 965 766 86 91 6.1 9.9 86.2 80.5 7.7 9.6 7,091,211 3, 148, 802 291,185 159, 009 6, 330, 842 2, 776, 325 469, 184 213,468 6 6 6.8 Charlotte 1919 1914 29 19 73 75 9 13 5,161 3, 799 323 270 4,761 3,454 77 75 6.3 7.1 92.2 90.9 1.5 2.0 43, 095, 898 10,962,113 1,557,045 627,947 41,041,585 10,100,635 497, 268 233,531 3.6 5.7 95.2 92.1 1 2 2.1 Durham 1919 1914 30 25 26 30 18 7 5,977 4,764 129 88 5,774 4,654 74 22 2.2 1.8 96.6 97.7 1.2 0.5 70, 659, 339 27,597,258 561,157 256,115 69, 730, 889 27,279,043 367, 293 62, 100 0.8 0.9 98.7 98.8 5 0.2 G ASTON1A * 1919 9 20 2,943 1,100 77 2,848 IS 2 6 96 8 6 12 012 775 288, 721. 212 211 11 609 083 114,971 325 886 2 4 96 6 1 GOLDSBORO 4 1919 15 21 14 54 986 60 4 9 89 6 5 5 4 142 544 3 604 447 5 1 87 7.9 4 Greensboro 1919 1914 28 27 41 30 14 13 1,615 1,229 291 194 1,247 925 77 110 18.0 15.8 77.2 75.3 4.8 9.0 7,457,853 3,464,328 1 , 906, 741 583,783 5, 253, 321 2,702,053 297, 791 178, 492 25.6 16.9 70.4 78.0 5.1 High Point 1919 1914 26 23 48 47 7 12 4,076 3,582 335 195 3,610 3, 095 131 292 8.2 5.4 88.6 86.4 3.2 8.2 14, 868, 797 5,931,761 1,816,508 381,473 12,595,170 5,055,839 457, 119 494, 449 12.2 6.4 84.7 85.2 3 1 8.3 New Bern 1919 1914 27 9 27 17 8 3 1,586 848 137 58 1,420 725 29 65 8.6 6.8 89.6 85.5 1.8 7.7 5, 702, 398 1,910,497 628, 076- 169,084 4,9S3,992 1,665,464 90,330 75,949 11.0 8.8 87.4 87.2 1 6 4.0 Raleigh 1919 1914 26 21 41 26 16 9 1,161 1,051 133 163 973 810 55 78 11.5 15.5 83.8 77.1 4.7 7.4 6,871,008 2,915,767 434, 597 306,111 6, 145, 058 2,439,480 291,353 170,176 6.3 10.5 89.4 83.7 4 2 5.8 Rocky Mount 1919 1914 7 3 13 15 6 2 1,562 1,454 19 1,481 1,412 62 142 1.2 94.8 97.1 4.0 2.9 4,903,500 2, 742, 802 62, 680 4,589,919 2, 686, 040 250, 901 i 56, 762 1.3 93.6 97.9 5 1 2.1 Salisbury * 1919 7 18 6 1,050 21 988 41 2.0 94 1 3 9 5, 126, 896 10,537,306 5,025,504 150 121 4 645 172 331 603 2 9 90 6 6 5 Wilmington 1919 1914 21 27 39 35 5 9 1,846 1,721 67 141 1,763 1,432 16 148 3.6 8.2 95.5 83.2 0.9 8.6 553, 559 445, 258 9, 894, 348 4,279,538 89,399 300, 708 5.3 8.9 93.9 85.2 8 6.0 Wilson * 1919 2 12 4 654 536 i 118 82.0 18.0 5, 689, 048 200, 484, 834 37, 287, 683 5,028,725 196, 157, 676 36,167,230 i 660,323 1,408,400 529, 330 88.4 11.6 Winston-Salem 1919 1914 29 18 48 ! a 16 13 12, 366 9,634 441 256 11,710 9, 137 215 241 3.6 2.7 94.7 94.8 1.7 2.5 2,918,758 591,123 1.5 1.6 97.8 97.0 7 1.4 1 Includes the group "Individuals.' 2 Includes "textile machinery and parts. 3 Includes the group "All others." < Not shown separately in 1914. MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 15 Table 15.— MANUFACTURES, BY POPULATION GROUPS, IN CITIES OF 10,000 INHABITANTS OR MORE: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. Number of places Population ' Number of establishments Average number of wage earners Value of products Value added by manufacture Census year. 1919 1914 1909 1920 1915 1910 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 Aggregate. 2, 559, 123 2,339,452 2,206,287 5,999 5,507 4,931 157,659 136, 844 121/473 $943,807,949 289,411,987 216, 656, 055 416,901,768 119,470,016 94, 794, 525 CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 OR OVER. Total. Number or amount. 14 10 7 310,512 208, 956 154, 578 862 618 465 42,216 29,033 19,700 $398,643,407 100, 986, 515 62,336,666 188,525,188 49, 687, 569 31,946,264 Per cent of aggre- gate. 12.1 8.9 7.0 14.4 11.2 9.4 26.8 21.2 16.2 42.2 34.9 28.8 45.2 41.6 33.7 10,000 to 25,000. Number or amount. 10 7 5 153,903 114, 190 94, 816 542 367 293 21,724 13, 879 14, 288 $137, 434, 158 47,711,215 48, 872, 265 66,175,681 23,292,055 26,916,387 Per cent of aggre- 6.0 4.9 4.3 9.0 6.7 5.9 13.8 10.1 11.8 14.6 16.5 22.6 15.9 19.5 28.4 25,000 to 100,000. Number or amount. 4 3 2 156,609 94, 766 59, 762 320 251 172 20,492 15, 154 5,412 $261,209,249 53, 275, 300 13, 464, 401 122,349,507 26,395,514 5, 029, 877 Per cent of aggre- gate. 6.1 4.1 2.7 5.3 4.6 3.5 13.0 11.1 4.5 27.7 18.4 6.2 29.3 22.1 5.3 THE STATE OUTSIDE OF CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OI 10,000 OR OVER. Number or amount. 2,248,611 2,130,496 2,051,709 5,137 4,889 4,466 115,443 107,811 101, 773 $545, 164, 542 188, 425, 472 154,319,389 228,376,580 69, 782, 447 62,848,261 Per cent of aggre- gate. 87.9 91.1 93.0 85.6 88.8 90.6 73.2 78.8 83.8 57.8 65.1 71.2 54.8 58.4 66.3 Population of 1920, as of Jan. 1, 1920; 1915, estimated population as of July 1, 1914 (per reports census of manufactures, 1914); 1910, as of Apr. 15, 1910. Table 16.— NUMBER AND HORSEPOWER OF TYPES OF PRIME MOVERS: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. NUMBER OF ENGINES OR MOTORS. HORSEPOWER. POWER. 1919 1914 1909 Amount. Per cent distribution. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 21,795 10, 646 7,373 549, 878 508,085 378,556 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,456 4,502 4,425 77- 406 548 544" 4 16,339 16,339 5,944 4,929 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 492 523 493 30 4,702 4,702 5,386 4,500 ( s ) m 316 570 561 9 1,987 1,987 352, 424 303, 242 277,402 25, 840 6,556 42, 626 42,617 9 197,454 197, 384 70 377, 692 331,132 ( 2 ) ( J ) 5,379 41,181 40, 195 986 130, 393 128, 660 1,733 317,261 271,944 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3,391 41,926 41,619 307 61,295 60,044 1,251 64.1 55.1 50.4 4.7 1.2 7.8 7.8 (3) 35.9 35.9 ( 3 ) 74.3 65.2 83.8 71.8 1.0 8.1 7.9 0.2 25.7 25.3 0.3 0.9 Water . . 11.1 11.0 0.1 16.2 15.9 O ther 0.3 Electric 21,787 16,339 5,448 6, 739 4,702 2,037 2,708 1,987 721 260, 546 197, 384 63, 162 163, 161 128,660 34, 501 86,002 60,044 25, 958 100.0 75.8 24.2 100.0 78.9 21.1 100.0 69.8 30.2 1 Figures for horsepower include for 1939 the amount reported under the head of " Other" owned power. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 16 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 17.— FUEL CONSUMED, FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919. INDUSTRY AND CITY. All industries 1919. 1914. Per cent of increase '' ' Brick, sewer pipe, and draintile Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad companies. Chemicals Cotton goods Fertilizers Flour-mill and gristmill products Foundry and machine-shop products. Furniture Gas, illuminating and heating ' I ee, manufactured Knit goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished . Lumber and timber products Marble and stone work Oil and cake, cottonseed Paper and wood pulp Tobacco, chewing and smoking. Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes.. . All other industries Total for cities. Asheville . Cha.rt.ottk.. Durham Gastonia... cjoldsboro. Greensboro... High Point — New Bern Raleigh Rocky Mount. Salisbury Wilmington Wh.son Winston-Sal™ . Anthracite (tons, 2,240 pounds). 43, 425 23, 154 87.5 1,200 34, 799 951 114 30 156 1,290 7 3,781 1,037 1,567 90 1,214 2 5 18 100 Bituminous (tons, 2,000 pounds). 1,359,142 1, 192. 237 ' 14.0 77, 833 59, 277 14,551 454, 70S 20, 285 6,638 3,261 29, 456 59, 303 64, 087 45, 729 41,413 64, 547 8,297 • 90,811 143,319 11,300 50, 200 114,037 331,588 19, 408 57, 713 35, 958 19, 180 5, 236 10, 871 21,116 8, 065 17, 653 26,992 14, 576 19, 946 8, 128 66, 746 Coke (tons, 2,000 pounds). 14, 980 22, 258 -32.7 1,205 322 10 139 2 3, 450 497 4,011 215 60 15 1 , 150 7,261 188 2, 200 94 227 451 769 112 375 217 1,090 500 891 Fuel oils (barrels), 38, 734 29, 724 72.2 300 •10, 136 236 230 1,873 39 62 24, 733 68 326 3 60 668 22, f 2 3, 581 2 1, 428 1, 167 1, 562 12 7,433 2 4, 535 1,908 1,287 Gasoline and other volatile oils (barrels). 12, 475 0) (') 16 173 231 1,323 2,891 496 35 20 209 2,574 512 75 3,754 979 18 303 40 26 100 66 118 148 1 45 30 84 Gas (1,000 cubic feet). 9, 050 14, 888 -39. 2 204 746 8,100 412 1,722 700 92 185 1,436 219 50 25 2, 848 1 Included in figures for fuel oils. 2 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. SPECIAL STATISTICS. For a number of important industries the Census Bureau collects, by means of special schedules, certain details which do not appear on the general schedule. Data for seven of these industries for North Carolina are here presented. Cotton goods (Table 18). — This table shows in detail the quantity and cost of the materials used, and the quantity and value of the principal products of the cotton-goods industry in North Carolina, for 191 9, 1914, and 1909. The manufacture of cotton goods was the leading industry in North Carolina in 1919. As a cotton manufacturing state, North Carolina ranked first among the cotton-growing states, and second in the United States. The cost of raw cotton constituted 83.8 per cent of the total cost of materials used in the industry in 1919. In both quantity and cost the state ranked second in the United States. The increased consumption — 37.7 per cent from 1909 to 1919 — was in keeping with the increase in spindles, as shown in Table 20. This is the greatest relative increase shown for any state, with a capacity of one million spindles, engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. . The chief products of the industry were woven goods and yarns, which in 1919 formed 54.2 per cent and 42.8 per cent, respectively, of the total value of these products. The value of yarns made for sale was much larger in proportion to the total value of prod- ucts than the value reported from any other state, nearly one-half of the cotton spindles operating for the production of yarns only. For woven goods the value of ticks and denims was not only the largest of any group but it was larger than that reported in all other states combined. Sheetings, cotton flannel, and ginghams were also made in large quantities, the fabric constructions being almost wholly of the coarser variety. MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 17 Table 18.— Cotton Goods: 1919, 1914, and 1909. MATERIALS. Total cost. Cotton: Domestic — Pounds Cost Foreign — Pounds Cost Cotton yarns, purchased: Pounds Cost Cotton waste, purchased: Pounds Cost Starch, cost Chemicals and dyestufls, cost. Fuel and rent of power, cost . . All other materials, cost PRODUCTS. Total value. Woven Roods (over 12 inches wide): Pounds Square yards , Value Sheetings- Pounds Square yards , Value Print cloth- Pounds Square yards , Value Lawns, bunting, and similar muslins — Pounds Square yards Value Shirtings- Pounds Square yards Value Ginghams — Pounds Square yards Value Drills- Pounds Square yards , Value Twills, sateens, etc. — Pounds Square yards Value Ticks and denims — Pounds Square yards Value Cotton flannel (canton flannel, flannelettes, and blanketings)— Pounds Square yards Value Duck- Pounds Square yards Value Cotton table damask — Pounds Square yards Value Other woven goods — Pounds Square yards Value Varns for sale: Pounds Value Cotton waste for sale: Pounds Value All other products, value . 1919 $186,779,715 479,263,912 $155,667,051 2, 980, 563 $937,390 6, 527, 862 $4,031,297 2, 142, 844 $278, 992 $765, 198 $2, 937, 435 $5,758,300 $16,404,052 $318, 368, 181 231,142,806 769, 846, 326 $172,488,385 37,886,220 156, 590, 868 $28, 064, 120 11,305,894' 70, 360, 345 $7,888,751 1,451,696 7,041,811 $1,262,163 17,237,152 63, 223, 540 $13, 564, 979 21,017,005 105,680,259 $19, 836, 135 14, 214, 296 38,630,477 $9, 180, 838 3,431,323 14, 602, 532 $2,823,646 43,949,512 91,881,497 $29, 276, 705 28,507,076 98,436,715 $20, 447, 106 5,626,584 7, 143, 116 $5, 244, 924 5, 885, 975 16,071,805 $4, 544, 155 40,630,073 100, 183, 361 $30,354,863 199, 191, 556 $136, 208, 931 40, 610, 235 $4,055,503 $5,615,362 1914 $62, 338, 422 415,424,339 $51,040,026 2,846,386 $462, 599 10, 550, 363 $2,097,731 1,919,953 $128,442 $300,070 $1,064,210 $3,096,670 $4, 148, 674 $90, 743, 683 P) 748,119,020 $50,221,104 P) 245, 822, 462 $12,272,492 P) 61,619,718 $1,991,459 P) 35,496,981 $2, 919, 938, (') 100,741,627 $6,427,154 P) 18,438,152 $912, 799 P) 15,718,054 $1,239,480 C 1 ) 85,473,708 $9,045,956 C 1 ) 90,152,119 $7,262,674 P) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) W w 94,656,199 $8, 149, 152 168,310,924 $37, 538, 174 38,455,783 $1,390,461 $1, 593, 944 1909 $48,687,572 348, 979, 258 $40,605,341 1,231,356 $237, 543 9, 738, 724 $1, 789, 555 6,041,351 $335, 595 $214, 975 $713, 030 $2,170,315 $2,627,218 $72,680,385 C 1 ) 625,876,309 $42, 192, 107 P) 2 269,603,261 $13,285,679 111,994,426 $7, 103, 532 (') 18, 940, 774 $1,119,822 P) 12,473,668 $814, 767 (») 97, 997, 821 $9, 801, 356 P) 64,627,668 $5, 389, 195 P) (<) P) w W (<) P) 50,238,691 $4,677,756 142,213,450 $28, 312, 873 34,861,543 $836,652 $1,338,753 1 Not reported. 2 Designated at the census of 1909 as "plain cloth for printing and converting" and "brown or bleached sheetings and shirtings." 3 Figures can not be shown without disclosing individual operations. * Comparative figures not available. Knit goods (Table 19). — Statistics of the knit-goods industry in North Carolina, relating to the quantity and cost of the materials used and to the quantity and value of the principal products, are shown in detail in Table 19 for 1919, 1914, and 1909. The number of establishments engaged in the manu- facture of knit goods has nearly doubled in the last ten years. During the five-year period 1909 to 1914 a gain of 12 establishments was recorded, while the fol- lowing five-year period 1914 to 1919 showed a much larger gain — 47 establishments. Cotton yarn and raw cotton were the principal purchased materials used. The quantity of raw cotton has continued to increase, but the quantity of purchased cotton yarn has shown a tendency to fall off with the increase in spindles. The knit-goods industry in North Carolina which was largely confined to hosiery has recently branched out into other lines of the industry, chiefly the manu- facture of union suits. At the census of 1919 the value of hosiery products formed 64.5 per cent of the total for the industry in the state, while in 1914 and 1909 the corresponding proportions were 69.8 and 79.6 per cent, respectively. The decrease in the number of dozens of separate shirts and drawers in favor of the union suit at the last census in this state is in keeping with the general trend of the knit-goods industry for the United States. Table 19.— Knit Goods: 1919, 1914, and 1909. - 1919 1914 1909 MATERIALS. $17,582,402 $6,409,659 $3,012,295 Cotton: 14,169,262 $5,155,400 10, 734, 509 $7, 844, 170 $243,089 $379, 729 $3, 960, 014 $29, 833, 568 10, 212, 853 $1,658,419 12, 333, 975 $2,602,344 $239, 471 3,531,967 $398, 635 9, 527, 471 $1,858,760 S1R1 s» Cost. .. Cotton yarn, purchased: Cost Cost of fuel and rent of power $180,412 ' $92,812 $1,729,013 S510 7KQ All other materials, cost PRODUCTS. Total value $8,892,362 $5,151,692 Cotton hose: 5, 550, 547 $12,956,499 3,533,078 $6, 299, 774 417,219 $3, 559, 166 376,911 $3,778,831 4,021,742 $2,185,016 $1,054,282 5,917,709 $4,450,879 2,829,273 $1, 753, 598 686,519 $1,790,605 95, 467 $367, 145 1,747,877 $397, 353 $132, 782 3,879,392 $2,877,922 1,926,748 Value Cotton half hose: Dozen pairs $1, 222, 767 409, 635 Cotton shirts and drawers: Dozens . •. Value $805,643 47,650 $95 302 Cotton union suits: Value Cotton yarn, for sale: Pounds 664, 287 Value $92, 643 $57,415 All other products, value Machinery used in textile mills (Table 20). — The rapid growth of the textile industry in North Carolina is indicated by the increase in number of spindles, looms, and knitting machines, as shown in Table 20 for 1919, 1914, and 1909. This table shows that all branches of the textile industry in North Carolina have expanded in ma- chinery equipment except wool manufactures, which shows a decrease in both spindles and looms from 1909 to 1919. The machinery used in cotton manufac- 18 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. tures is by far the most important, the cotton mills in this state having reported a million cotton spindles at the census of 1899, and the spindle increase at each succeeding census having been greater than in any other state. The increase from 1904 to 1909 was 55.3 per cent; from 1909 to 1914, 28.6 per cent; and from 1914 to 1919, 24.9 per cent. During the 15 years, 1904 to 1919, the cotton manufacturing industry in the state has risen from comparative unimportance to great prominence. Table 20. — Machinery Used in Textile Mills: 1919, 1914, and 1909. Cen- sus year. Total. INDUSTRY. MACHINE. Cotton goods. Knit goods. Woolen, worsted, and felt goods, and wool-telt hats. Silk goods, includ- ing throw- sters. Producing spindles (not including doubling and twisting spindles) 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 4,776,202 3,823,380 2, 972, 261 i 72,299 61,622 51,467 U6.427 10, 959 6,395 4, 622, 714 3, 708, 622 2,908,383 71,535 60,931 50, 840 91,324 62,056 24,944 12,846 12, 820 13,434 245 175 266 49,318 39.842 25,500 1516 516 361 Knitting machines 2 16, 427 10,959 6,395 i i Includes 229 looms idle entire year. * Includes 2.193 knitting machines idle entire year. Fertilizers (Table 21). — Table 21 shows the details for the fertilizer industry in 1919. North Carolina ranked fourth among the states in the manufacture of fertilizers, and the industry ranked eighth among the manufacturing industries of the state. There was a large production of fertilizers by the cottonseed oil mills, and the statistics for the industry in Table 21 include these subsidiary fertilizers. The production figures, therefore, represent the total production, irrespective of the industry classification of the estab- lishments. The fertilizer products of the state in 1914 totaled 635,230 tons, valued at $11,702,757, showing an increase for 1919, as compared with 1914, of 25 per cent in quantity production and 173 per cent in value. Table 21. — Fertilizers: 1919. Total value Fertilizer industry Subsidiary fertilizer products of cottonseed oil mills. . Fertilizers: Tons (2,000 pounds) Value Average unit value, ton Complete and ammoniated fertilizers — Tons Value Superphosphates and concentrated phosphates — Tons Value All other — Tons Value All other products Amount and value. $32, 493, 753 27, 551, 316 4, 942, 437 794, 135 $31, 902, 546 $40.13 463, 167 $21, 096, 283 206, 231 $5, 210, 407 124,737 $5, 595, 856 $591, 207 Flour-mill and gristmill products (Table 22). — ■ This table shows the kind, quantity, and value of the different products of this industry for 1919, 1914, and 1909. Wheat flour was the product of chief value in 1919, as it was in 1914, forming 63.6 per cent and 58.4 per cent, respectively, of the total value of all prod- ucts of the flour-mill and gristmill industry in the state. The total value of products increased $15,- 294,712, or 170.6 per cent, during the five-year period 1914-1919. Illustrating the abnormal in- crease in the value of the wheat flour, the gain in quantity from 1914 to 1919 is shown to be 38.2 per cent as compared with 194.8 per cent in value. Table 22. — Flour-Mill and Gristmill Products (Merchant Mills): 1919, 1914, and 1909. 1919 1914 1909 Total value $24, 258, 213 $8, 963, 501 $8,501,219 Wheat flour: Barrels 1,315,322 $15, 423, 355 624,431 $4, 980, 429 1,070 $10, 542 38, 125 $2, 350 22, 800 $8,664 1, 900, 750 $86,063 56, 322 $2, 802, 102 14, 881 951,805 $5, 231, 853 543,491 $2,043,292 2,250 $11,869 55, 700 $1,765 759,072 $4, 763, 956 596, 872 $2, 294, 852 Value Corn meal and corn flour: Value Rye flour: Barrels 1,155 $6,470 73, 500 Buckwheat flour: Pounds $2,310 Barley meal: Hominy and grits: 2, 109, 250 $40, 120 42, 145 $1,045,345 19.550 8, 056, 030 $143, 658 Bran and middlings: Feed and offal: 47, 949 | $1,271,025 $936,608 $556,917 1 All other products, value $8, 100 $32,340 $18, 948 Leather, tanned, curried, and finished (Table 23). — This table shows for 1919, 1914, and 1909 the kind, quantity, and value of leather produced in the state of North Carolina. The value of products reported for 1919 is more than double that reported for 1914, and over three times the value for 1909. Nearly all of the leather in 1919 was oak sole and oak belting, including offal. Some rough leather and a small quantity of harness leather were produced. The value of work done on materials furnished by others in 1919 was 104 per cent greater than in 1914. Table 23. — Leather, Tanned, Curried, and Finished: 1919, 1914, and 1909. PRODUCT. 1919 1914 1909 $17,848,526 $7, 182, 400 $5,415,495 Leather: Oak sole — Sides 456, 455 $5, 203, 337 424, 710 $8, 772, 755 2, 180, 198 10, 100 890, 539 791, 597 447, 568 $3,388,408 203,812 $2, 896, 549 m 422,057 87,413 387, 973 371,401 Value $2,677,033 246, 956 $1,591,947 Oak belting — (') 743, 221 ■ 53,494 349, 800 Work on materials for others, value 1 Not reported separately. MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 19 Lumber and timber products (Table 24). — This table presents statistics pertaining to the chief prod- ucts of the lumber industry for 1919, 1914, and 1909. Lumbering is one of the oldest, as well as one of the most important, manufacturing industries in North Carolina. The period of greatest development in the industry has been since 1890. The largest cut reported for any one year was in 1914, and the 1919 cut compared with the output for that year decreased 25.7 per cent. In 1909 and 1914, North Carolina ranked fourth among the states in the production of lumber, and in 1919, seventh. This state reported a larger num- ber of sawmills than any other state in 1919, but most of the mills were small, the average cut being only 514,759 feet. The lumber cut from the principal species in 1919 was reported as follows: Yellow pine, 1,240,142,000 feet, or 75 per cent of the total cut from all species in the state; oak, 136,129,000 feet, or 8.2 per cent; chestnut, 69,507,000 feet, or 4.2 per cent; hemlock, 48,462,000 feet, or 2.9 per cent; and spruce, 42,976,000 feet, or 2.6 per cent. Among other woods sawed into lumber in considerable quantities were yellow poplar, gum, cypress, maple, and tupelo. Table 24=. — Lumber, Lath, and Shingles: 1919, 1914, and 1909. ODUCT. QUANTITY.' 1919 1914 1909 Lumber Lath Shingles Mfeetb. m.. thousands . . 1,654,435 19, 079 92, 139 2,227,854 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,177,715 70, 724 280, 942 ' The output of custom mills is included in 1919 and 1909, but not in 1914. 2 Not reported. Printing and publishing (Table 25). — This table shows the number of publications in the state, together with their aggregate circulation per issue, for the census years 1919, 1914, and 1909. The increase in circulation of the daily papers was 48.5 per cent for the five-year period from 1914 to 1919, and 90.9 per cent for the decade. The growth shown for the circulation of Sunday papers is also large — 32.9 per cent for the five-year period and 197.2 per cent for the decade. Of the 33 daily papers, 24 with a circulation of 84,189 were issued in the afternoon — an increase of 79 per cent from 1914 to 1919 and of 89.9 per cent for the ten-year period. Nine with a circulation of 95,217 were issued in the morning — an increase of 29 per cent during the five years and of 91.9 per cent for the decade. The morning circulation predominated also at the censuses of 1914 and 1909. The reduction shown in the aggregate circulation per issue of all publications from 1914 to 1919 is due to the diminished circulation of certain former semi- monthly papers of an iconoclastic and free lance nature, some of which are now issued monthly; to the discontinuance of weekly editions of a number of daily papers; and to the reduction in circulation, as reported, of certain other weekly, monthly, and quarterly publications. All publications were printed in the English language. Table 25. — Printing and Publishing: 1919, 1914, and 1909. PERIOD OF ISSUE. NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS. AGGREGATE CIRCULATION PER ISSUE. 1919 1914 1909 1919 1914 1909 Total 247 269 264 784,463 1,059,311 789, 191 Daily 33 11 30 147 21 5 29 12 28 172 25 3 31 7 23 178 19 6 179,406 116,753 65,165 240, 158 174, 542 8,439 120, 823 87, 833 79,341 329, 922 377,917 63,475 93, 952 39, 281 55, 891 Weekly 395,682 117,885 Monthly ' 86, 500 1 Includes 4 semimonthlies in 1919, 7 in 1914, and 4 in 1909. 2 Includes 1 bimonthly in 1909. Laundries (Table 26). — Statistics for power laun- dries are not included in the general tables nor in the totals for manufacturing industries. Table 26, however, summarizes the statistics for such laundries in North Carolina for 1919 and 1914. Table 26. — Power Laundries: 1919 and 1914. Number of establishments Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members.. Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages Salaries Wages Paid for contract work Rent and taxes Cost of materials Amount received for work done NUMBER OR AMOUNT. 1919 56 1,634 53 145 1,433 1,354 $1,161,269 961,818 206, 632 755, 186 950 60, 639 462,040 2, 252, 100 1914 59 1,335 56 114 1,165 1,359 $798,650 462, 189 100,692 361,497 6,792 35,261 240, 947 ,026,358 Per cent of in- crease, 1 1914- 1919. 22.4 27.2 23.0 -0.4 45.4 108.1 105.2 108.9 -86.0 72.0 91.8 119.4 1 A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease; percentages are omitted where base is less than 100. 20 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Dyeing and cleaning (Table 27). — Statistics for dyeing and cleaning establishments that were operated by mechanical power in 1919 are presented in this table. Statistics for such establishments are not in- cluded in the general tables nor in the totals for manu- facturing industries for censuses since 1900. This presentation is the first of its kind that has been made since the census statistics were confined to manu- facturing industries as distinguished from the hand trades, household industries, etc. Table 27. — Dyeing and Cleaning: 1919. Number of establishments Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members . . Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages Salaries Wages Paid for contract work Rent and taxes Cost of materials Amount received for work done Number or amount. 21 197 28 18 151 130 $86, 952 134, 695 27,956 106, 739 5,000 14, 790 76,659 321,586 Custom sawmills and custom gristmills (Tables 28 and 29). — A summary of the more important data of custom sawmills and custom gristmills is presented in these tables. These statistics are not included in the general tables nor in totals for manufacturing industries. Table 28. — Custom Sawmills: 1919 and 1909. Number of establishments Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members. . Salaried employees Wage earners (average number) Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages Salaries Wages Rent and taxes Cost of materials Amount received for work done NUMBER OB AMOUNT. 1919 1,030 664 11 355 10, 765 8618,552 248,585 3,505 245,080 5,780 85,922 585,418 1909 191 811 300 5 506 3,641 £214,394 83,272 498 82, 774 1,471 5,821 209, 665 Per cent of in- crease, 1 1909- 1919. 142.9 27.0 121.3 -29.8 195.7 188.5 198.5 603.8 196.1 292.9 1,376.1 179.2 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease; percentages omitted where base is less than 100. Table 29. — Custom Gristmills: 1919 and 1909 Number of establishments Persons engaged Proprietors and firm members.. . Salaried employees Wage earners (average number). Primary horsepower Capital Salaries and wages Salaries Wages Rent and taxes Cost of materials 2 Value of products 2 NUMBER OR AMOUNT. 1919 552 783 120 11,942 $1,416,858 107, 032 107,032 16, 730 4,345,080 5,184.382 1909 861 1,547 1,207 7 333 18,444 $1,535,027 97,068 2,623 94,445 10, 069 3,245,191 3,935,922 Per cent of in- crease, 1 1909- 1919. -35.9 -49.4 -45.1 -64.0 -35.3 -7.7 10.3 13.3 66.2 33.9 31.7 1 A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 Includes estimate of all grain ground. GENERAL TABLES. Table 30 gives the number of establishments, aver- age number of wage earners, primary horsepower, wages, cost of materials, and value of products for all industries combined and for selected industries in the state, and for all industries combined for the cities having from 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants for which comparative figures are available. Certain kindred in- dustries are combined in some instances for comparison with 1909. Table 31 presents, for 1919, statistics in detail for the state as a whole and for each industry that can be shown without the disclosure of individual operations, and for all industries combined in each of the 14 cities having from 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. 21 Table 30.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR SELECTED INDUSTRIES AND FOR CITIES: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. INDUSTRY AND CITY. Cen- sus year. lish- g num- merits ber). Pri- mary horse- power. Cost of mate- rials. Value of prod- ucts. Expressed in thousands. INDUSTRY AND CITY. Cen- sus year. Num- ber of lish- ments Wage earners (aver- age num- ber). Pri- mary horse- power. Wages. Cost of Value mate- of prod- rials, ucts. Expressed in thousands. THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SELECTED INDUSTRIES. All industries 1919 5,999 157, 659 ! 549, 878 $126, 680 $526, 906 $943, 808 Gas, illuminating and heat- 1919 22 341 1,086 $329 $677 $1,521 1914 5,507 136, 844 508,085 46,038 169, 942 289,412 ing. 1914 20 210 705 102 252 716 1909 1919 4,931 121, 473 378, 556 34, 355 121,861 216,656 Ice, manufactured 1909 1919 14 63 151 757 308 7,415 8,329 62 646 123 761 369 Bread and other bakery products. 70 385 415 394 1,661 2,572 873 2,365 1914 66 305 360 127 522 1914 61 519 263 342 1,126 1909 54 189 148 80 341 539 1909 45 318 5,386 127 180 659 Brick, tile, pottery, and other clay products. 1919 105 1, 345 6, 514 1,048 1,009 3,227 Knit goods 1919 121 10,216 11,619 5,991 2,045 17, 582 29, 834 1914 139 1,612 7,961 505 494 1,520 1914 74 7,787 7,879 6,410 8,892 1909 176 1,60S 7, 529 412 405 1,321 1909 62 5,151 4,024 1,080 3,012 5,152 Carriages and wagons and 1919 109 1,327 2,808 1,178 3,562 6,392 Leather, tanned, curried, 1919 11 1,385 6,916 1,096 14, 2S1 17,849 materials. 1914 137 1,462 2,176 644 1,777 3,133 and finished. 1914 17 877 2,806 355 5,545 7,182 1909 138 1,629 2,608 603 1,894 3,283 1909 39 832 2,672 290 4,156 5,415 Cars and general shop con- 1919 11 4,071 3,432 5,757 7,649 13,899 Lumber and timber prod- 1919 2,961 25,856 128, 275 22,029 25, 023 69, 580 struction and repairs by 1914 16 2,806 1,911 1,674 2,&39 5,048 ucts. 2 1914 2,952 34,374 140,386 12,554 16, 320 39, 632 steam-railroad companies. 1909 12 2,56S 1,458 1,296 1,561 2,934 1909 2,544 34, 001 115, 542 9,707 12, 534 33, 525 Clothing, men's 1919 7 392 83 228 1,454 2,198 1919 58 935 1,795 866 495 2,113 1914 9 385 128 109 374 604 1914 1909 64 56 704 807 1,721 1,863 404 384 286 226 981 881 Coffins, burial cases, and un- 1919 11 252 424 236 774 1,632 dertakers' goods. 1914 14 312 1,239 113 344 691 Mattresses and spring beds, 1919 17 159 233 129 773 1,189 1909 9 226 431 71 157 352 not elsewhere specified. 1914 1909 29 23 174 166 191 134 56 65 223 172 376 315 Confectionery and ice cream. 1919 66 316 1,011 245 1,146 2,035 1914 29 110 234 43 306 475 Mineral and soda waters 1919 1914 137 132 661 470 1,096 428 535 197 2,803 935 5,434 1,707 Copper, tin, and sheet-iron 1919 86 336 223 403 808 1,717 1909 113 248 296 84 361 725 work. 1914 57 338 108 187 541 937 1909 26 184 5 76 214 374 Oil and cake, cottonseed 1919 1914 62 62 2,302 1,586 21,417 15, 874 1,709 536 39, 123 13, 114 46,995 15,269 1919 311 67, 297 53, 703 258, 463 49, 135 186,780 62, 338 318, 368 1909 53 1,165 9,641 326 7,090 8,504 1914 293 245,600 15,796 90, 744 1909 281 47, 231 164, 609 12, 131 48,688 72, 680 Patent and proprietary med- 1919 27 212 198 152 1,595 4,883 icines. 1914 26 74 17 27 260 512 Dyeing and finishing tex- 1919 8 414 1,431 229 742 1,243 1909 26 60 28 18 216 474 tiles, exclusive of that 1914 4 194 273 61 106 203 done in textile mills. 1909 4 330 556 86 113 307 Peanuts, grading, roasting, 1919 8 157 645 80 1,807 2,075 cleaning, and shelling. 1914 9 186 318 31 841 1,030 1919 45 2,077 9,592 1,850 18,606 27, 551 1914 41 1,690 8,155 734 7,704 10, 30S Printing and publishing 1919 319 1,608 1,991 1,814 2,033 6,404 1909 34 933 3,132 393 4,183 6,316 1914 1909 329 322 1,540 1,376 1,684 1,119 877 661 806 645 3,232 2,497 Flour-mill and gristmill prod- 1919 374 629 17, 148 563 21,046 24, 258 ucts. 1914 293 588 14, 227 231 7,644 8,964 Tobacco manufactures 1919 29 14,256 7,221 13,100 125,770 259,824 1909 249 496 11, 578 180 7,287 8,501 1914 1909 33 43 10,467 8,203 6,070 3,712 2,984 1,918 24,310 13,816 57,861 35,987 Foundry and machine-shop 1919 456 3,387 5,811 3, 812 5,140 12, 738 products. 1 1914 136 1,526 3,159 843 1,329 1,245 2,896 All other industries 1919 398 8,676 7,044 39, 139 24,279 7,069 2,684 29,558 46, 187 1909 102 1,490 2,700 718 2,771 1914 355 9,145 15, 165 1909 389 6,578 27,698 2,002 8,844 14, 890 Furniture 1919 107 7,910 5,801 13, 447 6,057 14, 248 4,835 29, 725 1914 109 11,837 1,856 9,335 1909 117 5, 533 11,379 1,585 4,398 7,885 ' Includes "automobile repairing "; "iron and steel, cast-iron pipe "; "plumbers' supplies, not elsewhere specified": "structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills": and "textile machinery and parts," in all years: "pumps, power, other than steam in 1919," and "hardware" in 1914 and 1909. * Includes "boxes, wooden packing, except cigar boxes" and "lumber, planing-mill products, not including planing mills connected with sawmills" in all years; and "window and door screens " in 1919 CITIES OF 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED. ASHEVILLE. Charlotte. Durham. Greensboro. High Point. 1919 1914 1909 51 45 51 1,119 951 978 2,489 2,275 2,075 1,226 386 356 4,589 2,138 2,264 7,091 3,149 3,198 1919 1914 1909 111 107 108 5,161 3,799 4,199 19, 585 16,990 12,384 4,062 1,477 1,557 30,996 7,482 6,532 43,096 10,962 10, 460 1919 1914 1909 74 62 60 5,977 4,764 3,699 8,763 8,465 5,217 4,130 1,501 1,079 34,669 12, 503 9,654 70,659 27, 597 23,027 1919 1914 1909 83 70 61 1,615 1,229 952 2,768 2,271 1,545 1,211 509 338 4,120 2,106 1,106 7,458 3,464 2,032 1919 1914 81 82 4,076 3,582 5,346 5,240 2,829 1,255 7,793 3,145 14,869 5,932 New Bern Raleigh Rocky Mount.. Wilmington Winston-Salem 1919 1914 62 29 1,586 848 3,407 2, 550 1,446 374 2,316 1,205 1919 1914 1909 83 59 55 1,161 1,051 1,023 3,221 3,093 2,970 1,049 515 384 3,976 1,620 1,276 1919 1914 26 20 1,562 1,454 3,025 2,114 1,845 780 2,419 1,703 1919 1914 1909 65 71 64 1,846 1,721 1,213 4,674 5,468 4,580 1,895 857 470 6,011 3,185 1,903 1919 1914 1909 93 73 >66 12,366 9,634 1 7,636 11,679 8,253 1 5,920 12, 189 2,858 i 1,839 97,263 16,213 '7,656 5,702 1,910 6,871 2,916 2,376 4,904 2,743 10, .137 5,026 3,005 200, 485 37, 288 1 18,240 Figures represent a consolidation of Winston and Salem. 22 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 31.— DETAILED STATEMENT OF ALL INDUSTRIES INDUSTRY AND CITY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Capital. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- in- tend- ents, and man- agers. Clerks, etc. Wage earners. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Aver- age num- ber. Number, 15th day of— Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Maximum month. Minimum month. THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES. All industries. 5,999 Agricultural implements Artificial stone products Automobile bodies and parts Automobile repairing Awnines, tents, and sails Baskets, and rattan and willow ware. B oxes, set-up paper boxes Boxes, wooden packing, except cigar boxes. Bread and other bakery products Brick, sewer pipe, and draintile Brooms, from broom corn Butler Canning and preserving, fruits and vegetables. Canned fruits Canned vegetables Canning and preserving, oysters Carriage and wagon materials Carriages and wagons, including re- pairs. Carriages and wagons Repair work only Cars and general shop construction and repairs by steam-railroad com- panies. Cheese Clothing, men's Coffins, burial cases, and undertakers' goods. Confectionery and ice cream Confectionery Ice cream Cooperage Hogsheads and barrels All other Copper, tin, and sheet-iron work Cordage and twine Cotton goods Druggists' preparations Dyeing and finishing textiles, exclu- sive of that done in textile mills. Dyestuffs and extracts— natural Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Fertilizers Flour-mill and gristmill products — Food preparations, not elsewhere specified. Foundry and machine-shop products. Foundries Machine shops Machine shop and foundry com- bined. Furniture Wood, other than rattan and wil- low ware. Metal furniture, and store and office fixture!. Gas, illuminating and heating Gloves and mittens, cloth, not includ- ing gloves made in textile mills. Ice, manufactured Knit goods Leather, tanned, curried, and finished. Looking-glass and picture frames Lumber and timber products Lumber, planing-mill products, not including planing mills connected with sawmills. Marble and stone work Monuments and tombstones Other marble and stone work, ex- cept slate. Mattresses and spring beds, not else- where specified. Millstones Mineral and soda waters Mineral and carbonated waters . . . All other, including fruit beverages Minerals and earths, ground or other- wise treated. 17 15 7 309 4 4 5 27 70 95 10 7 13 1(11 76 25 11 27 39 47 44 3 86 5 311 4 5 7 45 374 5 128 13 107 101 22 4 63 121 11 4 2,762 168 3 137 133 4 11 175,423 269 146 56 1,844 8 43 110 1,024 531 1,540 81 52 54 30 24 82 122 1,471 1,382 89 4,287 26 439 314 455 205 250 226 185 41 490 478 69, 502 6 454 351 311 2,509 1,255 32 2,036 136 1,474 426 8,691 8,325 366 417 43 922 10, 773 1,474 7 27,403 2,654 1,099 312 7S7 207 22 994 965 29 201 6,076 5,730 14 17 11 345 5 6 2 15 75 102 8 2 19 12 7 5 4 107 76 31 31 55 16 13 3 102 36 5 4 1 5 12 451 4 110 8 95 7 37 36 25 48 6 3 3, 465 149 150 148 2 2 4,334 17 13 1 151 5 124 2 16 25 25 13 12 13 11 2 26 19 1,327 26 11 23 139 103 2 157 14 118 25 368 355 34 2 100 307 45 805 223 43 21 22 15 1 103 100 3 18 32 565 "'a 3 10 234 56 4 66 1 56 9 281 263 18 22 157,659 26 127 25 298 64 6 33 277 107 21 230 106 44 1,283 3 37 102 922 385 1,338 63 31 28 12 16 67 106 1,221 1,169 52 4,071 7 392 252 316 146 170 194 158 36 336 444 67, 297 1 414 335 270 2,077 629 21 1,664 113 1,172 379 7,910 7,582 328 341 36 757 10,216 1,385 4 22, 728 2,197 935 197 738 159 15 661 638 23 170 De 172,512 De Au< Je De Ap* Ja< De Jy De Au Oc« Jy 241 128 49 1,338 5 38 133 403 ,799 67 45 Jy 60 Au 53 De 144 De< 116 Je 1,244 Au< 53 Ap 4,327 Je Jy Ap 12 429 2SS De Jy 215 204 Se Jy Jy< De De (<0 De Au Jy Ap No Ja< 186 43 385 518 69, 436 1 482 373 280 3,487 671 24 De Au De 124 1,267 398 De 8,300 355 384 52 1,031 10,908 1,451 4 32,184 2,360 Je 147,953 Je Mh Mb. Ja Ja 5 Je< Je Mh Mh Ja " Ap Ja 216 75 40 1,201 36 81 871 362 752 58 22 Ja 5 Ja = My My Au 1,091 Fe 50 Au 3, 788 Fe* 3 Mh 345 De 227 Ja Fe 106 137 Jy Ap Ja Mh My ( 6 ) Je De Oc 128 31 292 366 65, 626 1 381 241 254 Je 1,418 Je 594 De 15 Ja Fe Je 94 1,119 367 Mh 7,078 Oc Au No< 231 771 167 15 Sc M De 20 197 No Oc Mhs Ja Mh No ( 6 ) Je Ja 289 322 503 9,669 1,322 4 17, 228 2,061 ( 3 ) 160 655 150 15 Fe 578 («) 20 Ja 139 238 131 42 1,332 7 38 133 1,008 408 1,718 67 30 105 59 144 121 1,314 1,266 48 4,162 10 409 227 381 217 164 298 260 38 393 514 72,831 1 482 346 267 3,468 671 24 1,742 123 1,218 401 8,611 8,271 340 332 84 687 10,947 1,340 4 36,419 2,379 954 226 738 15 692 672 20 198 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 23S 131 42 1,313 4 38 45 345 1,670 63 29 51 34 17 61 121 1,301 1,254 47 4,085 69 209 236 82 154 283 245 38 389 309 41,414 281 346 144 3,457 664 12 1,728 123 1,206 399 8,147 7,812 335 332 11 673 3,987 1,340 4 36,289 2,374 961 224 737 136 15 663 643 20 196 52 323 18 139 129 10 12 12 157 27,046 1 194 123 278 273 ( 3 ) 4 26 2,192 178 178 ( 3 ) 12 22 2,179 63 2 5,662 30 12 242 Dollars. 669,144,096 1,056 740,289 256,203 50, 132 3,116,635 2,128 19,135 153, 328 1,786,614 783,796 2,431,556 146, 727 186, 907 73,172 48,234 24,938 55, 703 177, 530 4,981,346 4,890,860 90,486 7, 179, 529 20,026 698. 824 877, 852 ,121,610 306, 793 814,817 358,845 310, 182 48,663 858.242 ,566,724 ;, 322, 984 4,075 ,445,362 1,649,705 378, 962 29,963,822 7,408,004 51,703 4,489,203 166, 507 3, 504, 592 818, 104 16,737,450 15,941,951 795,499 6,617,981 58,408 3,257,859 29,390,939 12,301,050 8,003 64,786,349 6, 736, 100 774, 571 388,059 386, 512 545,687 6,200 2,271,775 2,184,508 87,267 675,092 1 Includes water wheels and turbines (irrespective of ownership of water supply), and water motors (operated by water from city mains). ' Chiefly electric motors operated by rented (or purchased) current; other power included (chiefly shaft-belt or transmitted power from neighboring power plants). » No figures given for reasons stated under "Explanation of terms." MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. COMBINED AND SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1919. 23 EXPENSES. Value of products. Value added by manufac- ture. POWER. Salaries and wages. For contract work. Rent and taxes. For materials. Primary horsepower. Elec- tric horse- power gener- ated in estab- lish- ments report- ing. Officials. Clerks, etc. Wage earners. Rent of factory. Taxes, Federal, state, county, and local. Principal materials. Fuel and rent of power. Total. Owned. Rent- ed.' Steam en- gines (not tur- bines). Steam tur- bines. Tnter- nal- com- bus- tion en- gines. Wa- ter pow- er.' THE STATE—ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES. Dollars. 15,138,496 60,717 24, 272 750 307, 808 8,667 141, 580 52, 110 185,596 16, 350 14, 005 8, 100 7. 100 1,000 3. 600 23, 214 249, 470 242, 270 7,200 361, 996 270 34, 208 123,985 63, 28, 34, 23, 20, 3, 52, 40, 1. 470. 33, 792 54, 870 499, 044 175,657 2,350 330,763 16,330 260, 063 54, 370 1.023,401 984, 123 39,281 58, 938 5, 167 163, 026 801, 088 206, 729 Dollars. , 575, 837 Dollars. 126 680 099 11, 335 IS, 536 82,830 32,037 49, 094 11,884 11.010 1, 700 1,700 1, 800 3,078 74, 650 72, 850 1,800 234, 722 40. 310 80, 977 45, 12, 1, 174, 1,612,940 439, 079 96,114 37, 206 53, 908 45,010 soo 185, 539 181, 099 4,440 23, 620 8,560 6,011 17, 900 421,621 97, 893 7,960 143, 396 1,200 124, 536 17; 660 528, 830 501, 158 27,672 42, 085 600 49, 925 264, 534 64, 852 440, 250 88, 363 243, 718 8S, 798 41,747 1,702,371 2, 415 27,901 50.668 661' 127 393, 568 1, 044, 585 53, 870 22, 347 12, 763 fi, 385 6,378 35,301 S2, 655 1, 095, 570 1, 032. 705 62, 865 5, 757, 259 3,778 227,627 236, 054 245, 412 89, 305 156, 107 (60,921 137, 603 23, 318 402, 820 258, 477 49, 134, 500 1, 134 229, 208 303,330 131, 004 1, 850, 365 563, 106 18,258 1,747,067 101, 451 1, 183, 236 462, 3S0 6, 056, 727 5,771,739 284, 988 329, 355 13,433 6*6, 201 5,991,164 1, 096, 246 2,500 19,644,161 1,715,246 43,614 27.019 16,625 | 16,774 85, 685 84, 8S5 800 6,820 866, 028 252, 589 613, 439 128,679 13, 900 535, 191 522, 572 12,619 109, 019 Dollars. 1. 069, 322 Dollars. 757, 201 1,299 19, 170 16, 240 750 4,273 4,000 1,374 22, 418 22,418 414 630 3.927 128, 781 630 219 2, 880 228 37,640 5, 614 108 556 550 550 1,900 175 23, 090 22, 690 400 413 2,986 600 360 360 1,070 1,070 12, 450 '558,653' 2, 635 6,480 180 17,944 17,944 11,240 11,240 435 5, 403 101,330 1, 730, 270 35, 480 2,129 100 2, 029 Dollars. 122 172 794 2,920 2,920 328 350 1,000 8 ; 681 5. 851 2,820 300 5, 220 822 29, 499 12, 510 16, 089 75 75 20, 236 436 28, 092 100 200 3.0S3 43, 159 9, 113 1,650 24, 801 12 22,371 2,418 5,921 5, 765 156 1,620 167 15, 538 20, 926 ' 1*140 85,066 13, 642 11,335 7,483 3, 852 1,700 125 46, 685 46, 265 420 4,221 Dollars. Dollars. 512,989,300 13 916881 32, 061 1, 447 288 35, 445 59 246 2,900 66, 570 6.141 91,S94 2,204 1,901 1, 167 1, 357 110 262 6, 809 US, 315 116,983 1, 332 6,647 430 16,676 128, 971 22, .866 5, 171 17, 695 3, 308 2, 835 473 11,534 60, 405 16, 269, 030 19 28,217 37, 239 3, 469 961, 205 174, 320 417 103,618 1,478 68, 237 33, 90.3 729, 034 723,655 5,409 52, 899 15S 76, 097 69'!, 594 130, 010 185 618.510 217,038 11,503 4,756 6, 747 9, 572 38 246, 094 242,111 3, 983 6, 047 301,307 174, 516 36, 220 1, 743, 369 10, 181 44, 430 75, 557 1,957,255 1,607,164 287, 129 148, 758 513,618 79, 189 61,286 14, 903 102, 992 241,850 3. 272, 456 3, 235, 383 37, 073 7, 417, 667 47, 643 1, 448, 109 762, 510 1, 095, 500 355, 476 740, 024 488, 571 465,141 23, 427 797, 242 1, 776, 403 181,021,415 2,695 680, 222 1,467,013 332,228 18,331,083 20,765, 183 141, 876 2, 415, 383 107, 276 1, 786, 858 521,249 14, 023, 667 13, 477, 126 546,511 178, 526 87, 883 322, 201 17, 202, 673 14,013,567 4.000 15, 533', 512 7, 088, 812 126, 535 300,655 125, 880 765, 460 5,000 2, 753, 534 2, 702, 834 60, 700 106, 692 15, 241 5,901 2,020 64, 252 96 1,356 2,314 10,141 53, 477 718, 495 1.794 6,182 594 240 354 3, 064 6,581 41, 382 36, 476 4,906 230, 918 407 5, 474 11,301 50, 372 6,085 44, 286 3, 011 2,796 215 11,050 28, 658 i, 758, 300 69 61,300 194, 514 23, 077 274, 737 280, 106 1,199 111,209 15, 030 72, 063 21, 116 22 ',291 213,183 11,108 498,961 674 438,941 379, 729 237, 357 355, ''31 50, 181 68. 130 1 4, 264 53, 866 7,011 300 49, 093 47, 807 1,286 30,625 Dollars. 913,807,949 876, 814 404, 456 114, 538 5, 002, 291 17, 008 97, 325 171,293 3, 183, 720 2, 571, 518 3,211,892 277, 964 622, 288 146, 121 119,229 27, 192 192, 167 399, 167 5, 992, 423 5, 833, 882 158,511 13,898,873 60, 725 2, 198, 314 1,631,732 2,035,317 636,710 1, 398, 607 829, 532 767, 127 62, 405 1,716,850 2, 385, 373 318, 368, 181 7, 918 1,212,579 2, 443, 899 663, 207 27,551,316 24, 258, 213 175, 545 6, 036, 077 277,712 4,484,626 1, 273, 739 29,725,300 28, 500, 979 1, 224, 321 1, 521, 490 126, 178 2, 365, 122 29,833.568 17, 818; 526 10, 500 54,928,222 11,439,082 2,112,881 922, 549 1, 190, 332 1,189,272 28, 400 5, 434, 393 5,329,215 105, 178 341,046 Dollars. 416,901,768 557, 266 224,039 76, 298 3,194,670 6, 731 51, 539 93, 422 1, 203, 324 910, 877 2, 206. 268 127; 412 102, 188 66, 638 54,703 11,935 86,111 150, 733 2, 678, 585 2,562,023 116,562 6, 250, 288 12,675 744,731 857.918 889, 445 275, 148 614,297 337, 950 299, 187 38, 763 908, 558 581,312 131, 588, 166 5, 154 501,057 782,372 307,902 8, 945, 496 3, 212, 624 29, 470 3, 509, 485 155,406 2,625,705 728, 374 15,477,339 14,810,667 666,672 811,000 37,621 1,603,980 12, 251, 166 3,567,602 6,500 39,039,279 4, 300, 089 1,618,216 607 630 1,010; 586 416, 198 23, 100 2,631,760 2,578,574 53,192 203, 729 549, 878 277, 402 52 15 390 2,418 2, 257 161 3,432 1 83 421 1,011 79 932 441 338 103 223 2, 175 25S, 463 1, 431 3, 138 295 9,592 17, 148 35 3, 169 201 2, 36,3 605 13,447 12, 964 483 1, 085 34 7, 415 11,649 6,916 112,683 11, 895 1,795 514 1,281 233 12 1,096 1,048 48 1,149 25,810 2,307 4,871 6 9 52 52 15 335 1,635 1,635 2,592 236 214 4 210 300 200 100 1,100 76,299 90 2,663 161 3,060 3,419 790 35 735 20 10, 40! 10, 021 380 522 6,249 4,083 3,920 109, 324 9,782 1, 163 1,163 517 6, 556 30 125 17, 153 825 475 150 223 175 750 75 664 300 42,620 710 26 150 16 348 267 81 198 307 307 4 4 73 962 1,592 300 28 251 21 132 221 672 110 197, 454 1,050 27, 054 5,695 282 15 180 85 2, 915 425 1, 10.3 50 360 282 56 82 1,020 3 83 53 1,346 389 1, 357 17 77 35 425 345 SO 042 1 83 188 75 415 137 134 3 150 25 137,947 516 104 5, 420 6,442 35 1,782 138 1,095 549 3,021 2,918 103 161 28 774 3,680 2,488 920 1,653 620 502 118 902 959 33 235 63, 162 35 655 655 4,'8Sf)' 40 40 31,836 610 305 20 877 85 113 15 98 901 901 45 253 1,317 1,140 1, 249 8 261 '261 4 Same number reported for one or more other months. 5 None reported for one or more other months. 6 Same number reported throughout the year. 24 MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. Table 31.— DETAILED STATEMENT OF ALL INDUSTRIES INDUSTRY AND CITY. Num- ber of estab- lish- ments 1 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY. WAGE EARNERS DEC. 15, OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. Capital. Total. Pro- prie- tors and firm mem- bers. Sala- ried offi- cers, super- in- tend- ents, and man- agers. Clerks, etc. Wage earners. Total. 16 and over. Under 16. Male. Fe- male. Aver- age num- ber. Number, 15th day of— | Male. Fe- male. Male. Fe- male. Maximum month. Minimum month. THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES-Continued. Mirrors, framed and unframed, not elsewhere specified. Oil and cake, cottonseed Oil, animal and vegetable Optical goods Patent and proprietary medicines Paving materials Peanuts, grading, roasting, cleaning, and shelling. Pottery, earthen and stone ware Printing and publishing, book and job. Job printing Book publishing and printing, and publishing without print- ing. Printing and publishing, newspapers and periodicals. Printing and publishing Printing, publishing, and job printing. Publishing without printing Saddlery and harness Shipbuilding, wooden, including boat building. New vessels, including repair work. Small boats Show cases Silk goods, including throwsters Slaughtering and meat packing Textile machinery and parts Tobacco, chewing and smoking Tobacco, cigars and cigarettes Turpentine and rosin Window and door screens Wood turned and carved All other industries* 4 151 5 3 5 1 137 62 2,730 4 245 141 38 2,302 5 173 11 7 6 149 6 24 5 2 2 1 14 27 379 16 32 96 23 212 9 301 1 16 10 274 8 176 3 13 1 2 157 10 104 22 885 15 91 7 632 90 27 45 99 852 87 82 19 33 631 5 33 4 8 8 12 1 215 1,602 165 193 186 82 976 48 821 36 87 146 52 500 147 749 123 95 38 23 470 20 32 6 11 2 7 6 30 164 32 10 8 1 113 18 153 22 10 2 2 117 10 125 14 10 2 2 97 8 28 8 20 5 18 5 1 12 3 992 12 10 4 966 4 64 4 9 3 3 45 14 366 10 28 16 7 305 11 2,902 8 43 174 104 2,573 18 13,317 14 169 1,157 294 11,683 14 41 14 1 26 4 15 6 9 13 105 15 7 1 82 | 94 5,332 54 237 275 98 4,068 Fe No Au 3 De Oc Do An' 155 2,956 278 15 220 339 248 .10 De3 654 1 No De» ( 4 ) Oe 527 485 6 121 Se («) De De Fe Des No No No 3 Ap3 My 3 131 20 14 1,046 61 318 3,007 12, 655 30 10 86 Ja Jy Jy Mh Ja Fe Au Ja3 120 1,331 50 12 204 226 44 5 Ap ( 4 ) 615 1 Fe Jy 09 Ja 475 462 103 Ja w Mh Je Ja My I 20 10 894 39 298 Mh 2,059 Je 10,309 Jas 20 Ja3 6 Oc 73 150 213 13 218 334 299 10 663 662 1 1,016 518 492 6 117 125 105 20 14 1,000 43 318 2,832 11,874 30 9 97 150 2,947 211 10 57 334 91 10 493 492 1 822 445 374 3 116 125 105 20 13 365 41 307 1,735 6, 386 30 9 93 30 2 2 160 156 156 1 558 2 7 1,073 5,147 4 16 136 205 Dollars. 282, S08 14, 586, 456 3,011,796 39, 117 2,001,156 450, 100 1,010,888 10, 070 1, 550, 129 1, 525, 582 24, 547 2,664,943 1,428,298 1, 155, 674 80,971 347,338 93, 594 60, 184 33, 410 22,975 1,228,967 296, 812 677. 157 28, 783, 501 98, 598, 830 49, 620 6,330 114,563 27, 848, 512 *A11 other industries embrace — Automobiles 2 Bags, other than paper, not includ- ing bags made in textile mills 2 Belting, leather 2 Blacking, stains, and dressings 2 Bookbinding and blank-book mak- ing 1 Boots and shoes 2 Canning and preserving, fish 2 Cars and general shop construction and repairs by electric-railroad companies 3 Cars, electric-railroad, not including operations of railroad companies.. 1 Chemicals 1 Cleansing preparations 3 Clothing, women's 2 Coffee, roasting and grinding 1 Cordials and flavoring sirups 1 Drug grinding 1 Engraving, steel and copper plate, including plate printing 1 Flavoring extracts 3 Furnishing goods , men's 3 Glass, cutting, staining, and orna- menting 1 Hand stamps 2 House-furnishing goods, feather pil- lows and cotton batting 4 Iron and steel, cast-iron pipe 1 Jewelry 1 Jute goods 2 Lime 2 Millinery and lace goods, embroid- eries 1 CITIES OF 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED. asheville Charlotte Durham Gastonia goldsboro Greensboro High Point New Bern Raleigh Rocky Mount. . Salisbury Wilmington Wilson Winston-Salem 51 1,313 39 68 50 37 1,119 111 5,906 49 286 291 119 5,161 74 6,673 68 89 371 168 5,977 34 3,100 21 92 24 20 2,943 50 1,239 46 61 19 13 1,100 83 1,930 56 129 90 40 1,615 81 4,441 42 172 100 51 4,076 62 1,827 41 83 78 39 1,586 83 1,424 62 99 68 34 1,161 26 1,686 20 66 31 7 1,562 31 1,144 23 49 15 7 1,050 65 2,134 33 127 85 43 1,846 18 752 10 58 26 4 654 93 14,030 62 298 1,082 222 12,366 Jv 1,143 lie 5,444 Oo 6,560 De 3,130 Ap 1,155 Se 1,724 De 4,364 Oc 1,687 Oc, 1,228 Ap 1,676 Se 1,188 Ap 1,921 Ap 717 De 13, 286 Mh Ja Mh Mh Ja Ja Se Fe No Se Ja Au Au Je 1,086 4,886 5,410 2,734 1,009 1,494 3,348 1,519 1,006 1,433 957 1,670 605 11,160 1,127 956 160 10 1 5,654 4,231 1,211 120 92 6,265 3,734 1,792 67 672 3,130 1,858 1,066 97 109 1,090 963 117 5 5 1,740 1 1,025 576 50 89 4,374 2,937 1,292 65 80 1,631 1,604 12 15 1,230 885 271 51 23 1,586 1,506 79 1 1,048 697 288 36 27 2,064 1,736 300 6 22 715 643 67 1 4 12,662 7,667 4,718 137 140 5,074,066 21,985,596 43,499,439 11,690,267 3,360,530 6, 601, 569 8, 402, 725 5,196,434 5,028,760 2,486,951 4, 284, 649 5,449,285 4,069,085 93,121,084 i Includes water wheels and turbines Cirrespective of ownership of water supply), and water motors (operated by water from city mains). 2 Chiefly electric motors operated by rented (or purchased) current; other pjwer included (chiefly shaft-belt or transmitted power from neighboring power plants). MANUFACTURES— NORTH CAROLINA. COMBINED AND SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES: 1919— Continued. 25 EXPENSES. Value of products. Value added by manufac- ture. POWEK. Salaries and wages. For contract work. Rent and taxes. For materials. Primary horsepower. Elec- tric horse- power gener- ated in estab- lish- ments report- ing. Officials. Clerks, etc. Wage earners. Rent of factory. Taxes, Federal, state, county, and local. Principal materials. Fuel and rent of power. Total. Owned. Rent- ed.2 Steam en- gines (not tur- bines). Steam tur- bines. Inter- nal- com- bus- tion en- gines. Wa- ter pow- er.' THE STATE— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED AND SPECIFIED INDUSTRIES— Continued. Dollars. Dollars. 7,500 8,320 525, 730 229,053 29,646 20,046 3,685 1,420 176,665 162,691 44,150 11,850 43,074 5,867 201,433 58, 199 189,983 44,299 11,450 13,900 402,078 239,124 232, 759 184,905 158,331 48,925 10,988 5,294 14,744 6,960 23,900 5,800 23,900 5,800 480 16,787 40,775 23,570 10, 174 71,858 30, 187 187, 200 620, 447 634, 476 2,366,115 1,200 5,800 1,740 683,746 520,794 Dollars. 113,275 1, 709, 370 196, 430 12,255 151,936 259,304 79,609 3,186 572, 118 571,078 1,040 1,241,817 596,416 641,756 3.645 94,217 96,853 68,725 28,128 10,299 586,916 34,667 245,443 1,720,345 11, 379, 245 15,060 8,350 56,253 4,111,881 Dollars. Dollars. 900 3, 500 3,852 2,497 5,033 17,1.81 5,482 12,000 31,615 41,977 3,973 41,487 27,642 490 64,591 56,373 20,939 23,168 6,372 30,756 37,280 2,449 4,561 7,895 6,065 2,024 2,000 2,000 4,065 24 632 256,607 4,578 1,020 6,646 19, 638 125 448 30 1,790 72, 302 38,723 Dollars. 2,031 382, 588 14, 294 968 779,206 4,846 29,180 43 26, 103 25,496 607 61,270 46,753 13,425 1,092 4,684 1,491 1,257 234 136 51,376 2,276 30,305 7,954,932 91, 040, 242 776 61 712 768,052 Dollars. Dollars. 889, 701 11,671 38, 435, 172 687, 761 196, 565 18, 755 21,260 652 1,592,479 2,112 134, 105 46,325 1,799,584 7,597 1,248 2,067 716,310 25,250 714,776 25,170 1,534 80 1,221,878 69,592 791, 821 40,099 415,255 28,993 14,802 500 501,666 3,856 146,431 3,291 120,015 2,458 26,416 833 20,820 812 1,257,141 54,655 309,150 13,482 559,437 11,416 18, 725, 729 87,685 106, 675, 741 281, 334 86,784 3,624 10,900 451 63,334 3,827 17, 478, 769 2, 254, 435 Dollars. 1, 577, 349 46, 995, 107 756, 566 56,829 4,883,436 564,315 2,074,961 15,400 2,063,446 1,996,614 66,832 4,340,731 2,623,159 1,624,264 93,308 733,427 373,723 288,549 85,174 43,323 2,384,430 456,974 1,159,277 33,187,979 226,635,811 167,410 26,201 161,992 29,456,346 Dollar^. 675, 977 7, 872, 174 541, 246 34,917 3,288,845 383,885 267,780 12,085 1,321,886 1,256,668 65,218 3,049,261 1,791,239 1,180,016 78,006 227,905 224,001 166,076 57,925 21,691 1,072,634 134,342 588,424 14, 374, 565 119, 678, 736 77, 002 14,850 94,831 9, 723, 142 350 21,417 1, 250 16 198 1,210 645 11 • 508 506 2 1,483 673 801 9 185 211 160 51 58 1,187 524 504 1,802 5,419 4 34 457 25,805 200 12,911 1, 250 150 8,357 45 1,254 25 119 16 193 175 150 5 175 860 495 11 9 9 499 497 2 1,270 624 645 1 45 141 105 36 58 312 84 294 451 684 525 140 3,680 55 35 20 158 14 136 8 25 35 35 115 35 20 15 875 425 210 1,345 3,025 2 15 1,710 6 2 9 25 47 10,520 9,805 410 8,928 3,150 52 3,155 t Musical instruments and materials, not elsewhere specified 1 Musical instruments, organs 1 Paints 1 Paper and wood pulp 3 Phonographs and graphophones 2 Photo-engraving 2 Photographic materials 1 Pickles and sauces 1 Plumbers' supplies, not elsewhere specified 2 Pumps, power, other than steam 1 Roofing materials, metal shingles and ceiling 1 Rubber tires, tubes, and rubber goods, not elsewhere specified 2 Sausage, not made in slaughtering and meat-packing establishments. 2 Scales and balances 1 Shirts 1 Signs, other than electric 2 Soap 1 Steam packing 1 Stoves and ranges 1 Structural ironwork, not made in steel works or rolling mills 1 Suspenders, garters, and elastic woven goods 1 Tools, shovels, spades,, scoops, and hoes Upholstering materials, excelsior 2 Varnishes 1 Waste, cotton 2 Wheelbarrows 1 Window shades and fixtures 2 Wood distillation 2 Wooden goods, not elsewhere speci- fied 2 Woolen goods 5 CITIES OF 10,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— ALL INDUSTRIES COMBINED. 172,374 106,662 869,925 529,207 410,032 941,779 226,479 50,185 140,864 39, 101 321,440 161,524 489,990 192,860 231,157 133,923 256,459 106,837 162,806 44,295 122,392 24,881 340,438 162,355 152,546 41,622 969,722 2,102,315 1,226,035 4,062,057 4,129,801 1,923,006 915,494 1,211,418 2,829,362 1,445,822 1,048,777 1,845,108 821,132 1,895,076 554,703 12, 189, 248 21,651 27,025 41,658 98,668 396,827 26,958 6,000 6,632 5,336 23,862 6,796 34,311 229,841 18,575 4,465 19,977 18,772 40,295 250 4,920 8,526 11,894 1,013 36,895 1,150 2,120 26,274 33,002 199,205 1,382,135 19,528,696 552,289 58,803 139,171 355,497 58,606 384,881 28,906 256,113 321,115 107,414 75,478,580 4,458,594 130,818 30,394,055 602,330 34,375,608 293,467 6,202,819 363,224 2,204,944 74,274 4,001,368 118,892 7,628,774 164,293 2,216,201 100,064 3,811,159 164,577 2,265,367 153,583 3,032,420 159,332 5,800,796 210, 192 3,850,304 77,807 96,823,025 439,932 7,091,211 43,095,898 70,659,339 12,012,775 4,142,544 2,501,799 12,099,513 35,990,264 5,446,732 1,863,326 7,457,853 3,337,593 14,868,797 I 7,075,730 5,702,398 3,386,133 6,871,008 i 2,895,272 4,903,500 I 2,484,550 5,126,896 | 1,935,144 10,537,306 I 4,526,318 5,689,048 1,760,937 200,484,834 103,221,877 2,489 19,585 8,763 11,052 4,617 2,768 5,346 3,407 3,221 3,025 4,612 4,674 3,033 11,679 1,190 7,764 3,010 1,960 2,350 900 3,123 2,548 803 2,405 875 2,622 2,035 7,270 15 150 1,000 1,284 11,478 2,778 9,092 2,261 1,488 2,203 805 2,374 439 3,733 1,995 978 3,306 225 1 410 35 40 459 1,158 3,030 175 655 3,859 190 1,975 3 20 36 935 6 300 80 54 4 145 4 57 20 168 40 ■ Same number reported for one or more other months. 1 Same number reported throughout the year. o