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HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS
SWEDEN.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2019 with funding from
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
https://archive.org/details/handbookfortrave00unse_8
HANDBOOK FOB TRAVELLEBS
IN
SWEDEN.
STOCKHOLM AND ITS VICINITY.
THE GOTHA CANAL; FALLS OF TROLLHATTAN;
LAKES WENERN, WETTERN, MALAREN, ETC.;
UPSALA; DALECARLIA; ISLANDS AND SHORES OF
THE BALTIC.
SIXTH EDITION, REVISED.
WITH MAPS, AND PLAN OF STOCKHOLM.
LONDON:
JOHN MHRPtAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
PARIS: GALIGNANI & CO.; VEUVE J. BOYVEAU ;
K. NILSON. STOCKHOLM: FRITZE.
1883.
The right of Translation is reserved.
MAi Bb UliTAlNEl?
OF THE FOLLOWING AGENTS.
Belgium^ Holland, and Germany.
AIX-LA-
X
MATER.
LEIPZIG
•
BROCKHAUS.—TM’IETMEYER.
CHAPELLE .
s
MANNHEIM .
•
BENDER.—LOFFLER.
AMSTERDAM
•
MULLER.—KIRBERGER.
METZ .
•
ALCAN.
ANTWERP .
•
MERTENS.
MUNICH
•
MANZ. — ACKERMANN. —
BADEN-BADEN
•
MARX.
KAISER.
BERLIN
•
ASHER.—MITSCHER & ROS-
NijRNBERG .
•
SCHRAG.—ZEISER.
TELL.
PESTU .
•
HARTLEBEN.—G. HECKENAST.
BRUSSELS .
*
KIESSLING.
—OSTERLAMM.—RATH.
CARLSRUHE ,
•
A. BIELEFELD.
PRAGUE
«
CALVE.
COLOGNE .
•
GREVEN.—DUMONT.—RISEN.
ROTTERDAM
•
KRAMERS.-PETRI.-ROBBERS.
DRESDEN
•
BURDACH.—PIERSON.
STRASSBURG
•
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FRANKFURT
•
JiiGEL.
STUTTGART .
•
METZLER.—NEFF.
GRATZ
•
LEUSCHNER & LUBENSKT.
TRIESTE
•
COEN.—SCHIMPFF.
THE HAGUE
•
NIJHOFF.
VIENNA
•
G EROLD.—BR ADM tj LLER.
HAMBURG .
•
MAUKE SOHNE.
MHESBADEN .
•
KREIDEL.
HEIDELBERG
MOHR.
Switzerland.
BALE
•
GEORG.—AMBERGER.
NEUCHATEL
•
GERSTER.
BERNE
•
DALP.—JENT & REINERT.
SCHAFFHAUSEN
•
HURTER.
COIRE
•
GRUBENMANN.
SOLEURE
•
JENT.
CONSTANCE .
MECK.
ST. GALLEN .
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HUBER.
GENEVA
•
SANDOZ.—H. GEORG.
ZURICH
•
ORELL FUESSLI & CO.—MEYER
LAUSANNE .
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k, ZELLER.—LEUTHOLD.
LUCERNE
•
KAISER.
Italy.
BOLOGNA
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PARMA
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ZANGHIERI.
FLORENCE .
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PISA .
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GENOA
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PERUGIA
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ROME .
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LUCCA
•
BARON.
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MANTUA
•
NEGRETTI.
SIENA .
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ONORATO PORRI.
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VENICE
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—HOEPLI.—FURCHHEIM.
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VERONA
•
MUNSTER.—MEINERS.
France.
AMIENS .
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CARON.
LYONS •
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AYNg.—SCHEURING.—MfiRA.
ANGERS
•
BARASS^.
MARSEILLES.
•
CAMOIN FRERES.—MEDNIER,
AVIGNON
•
CLEMENT ST. JUST.
NANTES
•
PETIPAS.—POIRIER LEGROS.
AVRANCHES.
•
AN FRAY.
—ANDRfi.
BORDEAUX .
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CHAUMAS. — MULLER.— SAU-
NICE .
•
BARBERY FRERES.—JODGLA.
VAT.—FERET.
—GALIGNANI.
BOULOGNE .
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ORLEANS
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CAEN
•
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PARIS .
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RlSSfi.
PAU .
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LAFON.
CALAIS
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RHEIMS
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CANNES
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—GIRET.
CHERBOURG.
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DIEPPE .
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MARAIS.
ST. ETIENNE.
DELARUE.
DINANT
•
COSTE.
ST. MALO
•
HUE.
DOUAI
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ST. QUENTIN
•
DOLOY.
GRENOBLE .
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VELLOT ET COMP.
TOULON
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MONGE ET VILLAMDS.
HAVRE
BOURDIGNON. — FOUCHER. ~
TOULOUSE .
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BUYS.
TOURS
GEORGET.
LILLE
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BEGHIN.
TROYES
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Spain and Portugal.
GIBRALTAR .
ROWSWELL.
MADRID
•
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LISBON
•
LEWTAS.
MALAGA
•
DE MOYA.
Russia, Sweden, Denmark, and K'or way.
ST. PETERSBURG
•
WATKINS.—WOLFF.
ODESSA
*
CAMOIN.
MOSCOW
•
GAUTIER. — DEUBNER. —
CHRISTIANIA
•
CAMMERMEYER.—BENNETT.
LANG.
STOCKHOLM ,
•
SAMSON & WALLIN.—FRITZ.
Malta. Ionian Islands. Constantinople,
CRITIEN.—WATSON.—CALLEJA. CORFU . J. W. TAYLOR. WICK & WEISS.
Greece. Alexandria and Cairo.
ATHENS—KARL WILBERG. ALEXANDRIA BOOK CO.
India.
CALCUTTA—THAfiKF.R. SPTNK- h Of\. I m., It
NOTICE
During tlie last few years an extensive network of Railways
has been constructed in Sweden, consequently this Handbook
has undergone a considerable amount of revision to fit it for
present use. Many of the Routes have been remodelled in
accordance with the new Lines, and several long Routes have
been divided, in order to facilitate easy use. As changes are
rapidly going on, some errors and omissions are likely to
occur, and travellers who have the ready means of correcting
them on the spot are earnestly requested to send notice of
them to Mr. Murray, Publisher, 50, Albemarle-street.
The traveller is particularly recommended to consult the map
minutely before planning an Excursion, and to remember that
distances are given in this book in English miles, unless other¬
wise specially stated. Should any difficulties arise in remote
places in regard to distances, the Tables at the commencement
will be found of service. As Swedish miles are still in use in
some parts of the country, it has been considered better to
always print English miles as E. m.
a 3
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION.
1. Routes from England to Sweden .. .. i
2. Money, Measures, Weights, Passports . 8
3. Inns and Hotel Accommodation . 9
4. Modes of Travelling: Railways, Steamers, Time-tables, Posting 11
5. Requisites for Travelling ..
6. Swedish Vocabulary and Dialogues.17
7. Season for Travelling. Scenery .22
8. Angling.23
9. Shooting, and Game Laws. 24
10. Succinct Account of Sweden. Physical Geography and Geology.
Climate. Population .25
11. Historical Notice. 27
12. Government.34
13. The Royal Family. The People .37
14. Productive Industries.38
15. Commerce and Navigation. ' 40
16. Literature .. 41
17. Churches .42
18. Canals.42
19. Postal and Telegraph Service.43
20. Books and Maps.43
21. Skeleton Tours in Sweden ‘ 44
ROUTES.
The names of places are printed in black only in those rentes where they are
described.
ROUTE PAGE
1 . Stockholm and its Environs 50
2. Shores of Lake Malaren .. 68
3. Stockholm to Gothenburg, by
Hallsberg, Laxa, Stenstorp,
Falkoping, Herrljunga,
Alingsas —Eail .71
4. Stockholm to Gothenburg,
by the Gotha Canal,
Lakes Malaren, Wettern,
and Wenern — Falls of
Trollhattan . 78
ROUTE PAGE
5. Stockholm to Nykbping (Es-
kilstuna) by Flen— Kail. .. 86
6 . Stockholm to Kristiania, by
Karlstad and Arvika— Kail. 87
7. Christinehamn to Philipstad
—Kail .88
8. Stockholm to Malmb, by
Katrineholm, Norrkbping,
Linkoping, Massjo, Alf-
vesta, Hessleholm, Eslof
and Lund. 89
Vlll
CONTEXTS.
ROUTK PAGK
9, Alfvesta, to Wexid, by Kal-
mar and Karlskrona .. 96
10. Helsingborg to Kristianstad,
by Hessleholm Junct. . . 97
11. EslofStat. toYstad, Helsing¬
borg and Landskrona .. 99
12. Stockholm to Kristianstad,
along the Coast, by Norr-
koping (Rail), Westervik,
Kalmar, and Karlskrona 100
13. Engelholm, along the West
Coast, to Halmstad, Gothen¬
burg, and Fredrikshald 104
14. Gothenburg to Fredriks¬
hald, by Trollhattan, We-
nersborg, Lake Weuern.—
The Dalsland Canal, Laxa
and Strand .108
15. Stockholm to Orebro, by En-
koping, Tillberga, Westerns,
Kdping, and Arboga—to Sala
and Hedemora.109
16. Stockholm to Falun, by Smed-
jebacken —Strbmsholm Ca¬
nal .112
17, Stockholm to Upsala —the
Dannemora Iron Mines,
Gefie, the Copper Mines at
Falun, Elfdal, and Dale-
carlia — By Steamer or
Rail.113
18. Gefie to Falun and Dalecarlia
ROUTE PAGE
(Dalarne), by Sandviken,
Storvik, Mora — Lake Siljan
and Elfdal .121
19. Stockliolm to Trondhjem,
by LJi)sala, Storvick, and
Ostersund .. 125
20. Sundswall to Ostersund, by
the Angerman River.. .. 127
21. Arvika to Dalecarlia .. .. 127
22. Stockholm to Falun, by Till¬
berga, Sala, Hedemora, and
Bor Ian ge.128
23. Uddevalla to Oskarshamn, by
Jbnkbping and Nassjb .. 129
24. Jbnkoping to Hallsberg Junc¬
tion, by Grenna, Skenninge,
and Wadstena— Lake Wet-
tern .132
25. Stockholm to Wisby —the
Island of Gotland .. .. 133
26. Stockholm to Haparanda, by
Gefle, Lulea, and Tornea —
by Land, and by Steamer
up the Baltic — Gulf of
Bothnia .136
27. Stockholm to Haparanda, by
Land.141
28. Lulea to Quickjock (Lapland),
by Edefors, Storbacken, and
Jockmock.144
29. Haparanda to the Arctic
Ocean.150
MAPS AND PLAN.
PAGE
Plan of Stockholm. to face 50
Great Lakes of Sweden and Gotha Canal . . „ 78
General Map of Sweden. At the end.
USEFUL TABLES
TABLE I.
Swedish and English Money.
Swedish Kronor and Ore to English £ s. d.
s.
d.
£
s.
d.
1
ore
equal to
0
13
4 kr.
equal to
4
5k
2
99
99
4
Ts
5
99
99
5
9.5
3
99
99
6
Td
6
99
99
6
8
4
99
99
8
I5
7
99
99
7
5
99
99
10
T5
8
99
99
S
101
6
99
99
12
T5
9
99
99
10
0
7
99
99
14
15
10
99
99
11
8
99
99
U5
20
99
99
1
2
2i
9
99
99
1^5
30
99
99
1
13
4
10
99
1
99
n
40
99
99
2
4
5k
20
99
99
2§
50
99
99
2
15
(^i
30
9T
99
4
60
99
99
3
6
8
40
99
99
5 ^
70
99
99
3
17
9^
50
99
80
99
99
4
8
lOi
60
9^
5?
8
90
99
99
5
0
0
70
9 9
99
9^
100
99
99
5
11
I3
80
99
99
10§
200
99
99
11
2
92
*-3
90
««
99
1
0
300
99
99
16
13
4
1 kr.
99
1
400
99
99
22
4
2
99
99
2
21
500
99
99
27
15
9§
8
99
8
4
1000
99
99
55
11
n
The above are calculated at
the ordinary
rate of Exchange, viz.
per £1.
TABLE II.
KiloniHres reduced to English Miles.
1 kilom. equal to O'62 miles
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
18
14
9J
19
99
V
99
99
99
99
91
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
. 99
99
99
99
99
99
99
1*24
1-86
2-49
8-11
8-78
4-35
4- 97
5- 59
6 - 21
6- 84
7- 46
8- 08
8*70
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
9 }
15 kilom. equal to 9'82 miles
16
17
18
19
20
80
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
9-94
10 56
11-18
11-80
12-48
18-64
24-86
31-07
87-28
43-50
49-71
55-92
62 14
99
99
99
99
99
99
X
USEFUL TABLES
TABLE III.
Swedish Miles reduced to Kilometres and to English Miles.
English Miles.
Kilometres.
Swedish Miles.
1
1-609
0-15
2
3-218
0-30
3
4-827
0-45
4
6-436
0-60
5
8-045
0-75
6
9-654
0-90
6-64
10-683
1-00
7
11-263
1-05
8
12-872
1-20
9
14-481
1-35
10
16-090
1 - 50
20
32-180
3-00
30
48-270
4-50
TABLE IV.
Fractions and Decimals of a Swedish Mile in English Miles.
Swedish Miles.
Fractions.
Decimals.
1
16
or
0-0625
1
s
0-125
1
0-250
3
5
0-375
1
‘2
51
0-500
5
s
?)
0-625
3
?
55
0-750
7
8
55
0-875
1
1-000
English Miles.
Decimals.
Approximate
Fractions.
0-415
or
2
5
0-83
95
4
0
1-66
99
1§
2-49
99
2^
3-32
99
3i
4-15
99
4-98
99
5
5-81
95
5|
6-64
99
6?
UNPAID VICE-CONSULS.
XI
UNPAID VICE-CONSULS.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
STOCKHOLM.
Stockholm .
Oland
Borgliolm (Consular Agent)
Calmar
Gefle.
Herndsand .
Hudiksvall.
Lnlea
Norrkoping
Oscarshanin
Soderhamn.
SuDdsvall .
Uinea
Westervik .
Caf)tain S. Mathiesen.
J. E. Raberg.
Captain Soderberg.
E. Kukeritz.
C. L. Carleson.
T. Sjuborg.
J. A. Bergman.
G. F. A. 'EnhOrning.
Ernest Gyllsdorff.
P. Siindh.
C. E. Bredenbersr.
W. Glas.
J. C. Tenger.
GOTHENBURG.
Gothenburg
Carlshamn .
Carlskrona .
Halmstad .
Helsingborg
Malmo
Marstrand .
Stroms tad .
Uddevalla and Lysekil
Warberg
Ystad
Richard Duff.
Adolf Palander.
E. M. Beckeman.
Carl Westriip.
Theodor Flensburg.
A. N. Widen.
W. T. Lnndgren.
W. F. Thorburn.
E. W. Prytz.
H. R. T. Nilsson.
Arendal
Bergen
Cbristiansand
Christiansund
Drammen .
Drouth eim.
Farsnnd
Flekkefiord
Frederichshald
CHRISTIANIA.
M. Kallevig.
H. D. Jansen.
F. Reinhardt.
G. Parelius.
William Melhims.
R. Kjeldsherg.
T. P. Otto.
J. P. M. Fyke.
A. W. Wiel.
PAID OFFICERS.
xii
CHRISTIANIA— continued.
Fred erichs tad t
Hammerfest
Houofesund
o
Krageroe .
Laurvig and Tunsberg .
Lotfoden Islands .
Mandal
Mosjoen (Vessen)
Namsos
Skien and Porsgrund .
Sarpsborg .
Stavanger and Egersiind
Tromsoe and Bodo
Tvedestrand
. C. Tbiis.
. George Robertson.
. L. E. Eide.
. H. Larsen.
. J. B. Rode.
. T. S. Wilson.
. J. A. Andorsen.
P. Dahl.
. S. Soramerschild.
Benjamin Sewel.
. J. A. Mbrck.
. W. S. Hansen.
. B. Holst.
. Fritz Smith.
PAID OFFICERS.
SWEDEN AND NORWAY.
Stockholm . Consnl . . . R. Drummond Hay. . Oct. 1, 1879.
Gothenburg . Ditto . . . J. Drift.June 4, 1881.
Christiania . Consul-General . Thomas Michell, C.B. . Nov. 4, 1880.
Ditto . . Vice-Consul . . S. Crowe . . . .Feb. 19, 1874.
4
SWEDEN.
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION.
§ 1. Routes from England to Sweden.—2. Money, Measures, WeigJds, Passports.
—3. Inns and Hotel Accommodation.—4:. Modes of Travelling: Railways,
Steamers, Time-tahles, Posting.—5. Requisites for Travelling.—Q. Language,
Vocabidary, and Dialogues. —7. Season for Travelling; Scenery.—S. Angling.
—9. Shooting and Game Laws. —]0. Succinct Account of Sweden; Physical
Geography and Geology; Climate; Population. —11. Historical Notice.—
12. Government.—13. The Royal Family. The People.—IL Productive In¬
dustries. —15. Commerce and Navigation. —16. Literature. —17. Churches .—
18. Canals.—13. Postal and Telegraph Service.—20. Boohs and Maps .—
21. Skeleton Tours in Sweden.
ROUTES.
ROUTE PAGE
1. Stockholm and its Environs.. 50
2. Shores of Lake Malaren .. 68
3. Stockholm to Gothenburg, by
Hallsberg, Laxa, Stenstorp, Fal-
koping, Herrljunga, Alingsas
—Kail .. .. .. 71
4. Stockholm to Gothenburg, by
the Gotha Canal. Lakes Ma¬
laren, Wettern, and Wenern
—Falls of TroUhattan .. 78
5. Stockholm to Nykbping (Eskil-
stuna) by Flen— Rail .. 86
6. Stockholm to Kristiania, by
Karlstad and Arvika — Rail .. 87
7. Christinehamn to Philipstad —
Rail .. .. .. ..88
8. Stockholm to Malmb, by Ka-
trineholm, Norrkbping, Lin-
kbping, Nassjo, Alfvesta, Hes-
sleholm, Eslot", and Lund .. 89
9. Alfvesta to Wexib, by Kalmar
and Karlskrona .. .. 96
10. Helsingborg to Kristianstad,
by Hessleholm Junct. .. 97
11. Eslof Stat. to Ystad, Helsing¬
borg and Landskrona .. 99
\_Sweden.']
ROUTE PAGE
12. Stockholm to Kristianstad,
along the Coast, by Norrkop-
ing (Rail), Westervik, Kal¬
mar, and Karlskrona .. 100
13. Engelholm, along the West
Coast, to Halmstad, Gothen¬
burg, and Fredrikshald .. 104
14. Gothenburg to Fredrikshald,
by TroUhattan, Wenersborg,
Lake Wenern.—The Dalsland
Canal, Laxa and Strand .. 108
15. Stockholm to Orebro, by En-
koping, Tillberga, Westerns,
Koping, and Arboga—to Sala
and Hedemora .. .. 109
16. Stockholm to Falun, by Smedje-
backen —Stromsholm Canal. 112
17. Stockholm to Upsala—theDan-
nemora Iron Mines, Gefle,
the Copper Mines at Falun,
Elfdal, and Dalecarlia —By
Steamer or Rail .. 113
18. Gefle to Falun and Dalecarlia
(Dalarne), by Sandviken,
Storvik, Mora —Lake Siljan
and Elfdal .. .. ,.121
B
o
§ 1. ROUTES TO SWEDEN.
EOUTES— continued.
Sweden.
ROUTE PAGE
19. Stockholm to Trondhjem, by
Upsala, Storvik, and Oster-
sund .. .. .. 125!
20. Sundswall to Ostersund, by
the Angerman River .. 127
21. Arvika to Dalecarlia .. .. 127
22. Stockholm to Falun, by Till-
berga, Sala, Hedemora, and
Borlange .. .. .. 128
23. Uddevalla to Oskarshamn, by
Jdnkbping and Nassjd .. 129
24. Jonkoping to Hallsberg Junc¬
tion, by Grenna, Skenninge,
andWadstena— LakeWettern 132
ROUTE PAGE
25. Stockholm to Wisby — the
Island of Gotland .. .. 133
26. Stockholm to Haparanda, by
Gefle, Lulea, and Tornea —by
Land, and by Steamer up the
Baltic—Gulf of Bothnia .. 136
27. Stockholm to Haparanda, by
Land .. .. .. .. 141
28. Lule& to Quickjock (Lapland),
by Edefors, Storbacken, and
Jockmock .. .. 144
29. Haparanda to the Arctic Ocean 150
§ 1. Routes to Sweden.
A. London to Stockholm via Hamburg, Copenhagen, and Elsinore and
Hehinghorg.
The most interesting and cnjo 3 \able of all the land-routes to Sweden is
certainly ma Hamburg, Kiel, Korsor, Copenhagen, Elsinore, and the Sound
to Helsingborg; for although the expense may be somewhat greater, and
a little more time required than by other routes, yet the traveller will find
himself more than recompensed b}’- the varied scenes of the pleasant and
not over-frequented country through which he will pass.
The trains leave London about 8 o’clock every evening for the Con¬
tinent in connection with the steamers from Queensborough to Flushing.
From the latter port the traveller proceeds in about 10 hrs. via Munster,
Csnabruck, and Bremen, to Harburg, and across the new bridges over the
Elbe to the Pariser Bahnhof, in Hamburg, which he reaches about 9.30 p.m.
Or the route via Dover, Calais, and Cologne, Oberhausen, and Bremen may
be taken.
There are two trains daily from Hamburg to Kiel in about 3| hours,
one in the morning, and tie other in the afternoon; the latter carries the
Danish mails, for which tlie steamer to Korsor has to wait.
It would be as well to take advantage of the morning train, which allows
the traveller a better view of the Duchy of Holstein, and gives him some
hours to visit the new fortifications at Kiel, as well as the Prussian iron¬
clads which lie in its magnificent harbour. As much luggage as possible
should be booked thiough to Copenhagen direct, it will then only be ex¬
amined in that city. All unregistered luggage has to undergo a most
minute and vexatious investigation by the Prussian officials at Altona, the
Eollverein frontier.
Sweden.
§ 1. ROUTES TO SWEDEN. 3
No time should be lost on arriving at Kiel in securing a cabin on board
the steamer, as there are generally only two to be had, for which an extra
charge of 7s. is made, otherwise the passenger will be obliged to content
himself with a part of the saloon sofa.
The average passage to Korsor is 8 hours ; but there is very little open
sea across the two Belts, and the deep bay of Kiel and the long island of
Langeland insure smooth water for half the time at least.
On landing at Korsor there is a slight examination of the unregistered
luggage at the Custom-house on the quay. The rly. station is close by,
where there are capital refreshment and waiting-rooms.
Copenhagen is reached by rail in 3 hrs. See Handhooh for DenmarTc.
There is only one fast train in the day between Copenhagen and Stock¬
holm. The best plan is to leave Copenhagen about 2 o’clock p.m. for
Malmo. The fast train for Stockholm leaves Malmo 5 minutes before 5
in the evening, runs all the night, and reaches Stockholm at 8 o’clock a.m.
the next day. Time for supper and breakfast is allowed at certain stations.
Leaving Copenhagen at 8 a.m. by the northern rly., the traveller will
find himself in Elsinore in 2 hours; the ticket had better be taken to
Helsingborg on the Swedish side, which will include the payment for the
omnibus from Elsinore station to the quay, as well as that of the steamer,
which runs across the sound in 20 minutes.
At Helsingborg the Custom-house examination is very slight, and the
rly. station, opposite which there is a capital buffet, is 10 minutes’ walk
from the pier. Here tickets are taken to Stockholm, and all baggage
should be registered through.
The train from Malmo will be met’with at the JEsIof Jundion Stat.
(Rte. 8). (Jernvags-Hotellet; Nilson’s.) Thence we proceed to Stock¬
holm by way of Hessleholm, Alfvesta, Nassjo, Linkoping, Norrkoping, and
Katrineholm, as in Rte. 8.
The advantages gained by taking the Helsingborg rte. from Copenhagen
in preference to the more direct one by Malmo, are the shorter sea-passage
(15 minutes instead of nearly 2 hours), and the views obtained of the
Sound, and Hamlet’s Castle, at Elsinore.
A direct steamer from Copenhagen to Landskrona enables the traveller
to pass that town, catching the fast train for Stockholm at Eslof. This
route resembles the route via Helsingborg.
B, Hamburg to Copenhagen by Lubech.
Or the route may be varied by travelling from Hamburg to Copenhagen
by Lubeck.
London to Hamburg as in Rte. A.
Trains from Hamburg (Klosterthor Station), in about 2 hrs. (38 Eng. m.)
B 2
Sweden.
4 § 1. ROUTES TO SWEDEN.
to Lubeck, whence during the summer months a steamer starts daily for
Copenhagen at about 4 p.m. (see Bandhook for Denmark, Koute 1). The
sea passage is about 12 hours.
C. Hamburg to Copenhagen via Flenshorg, Holding, Fredericia, Odense,
Nyborg, Korsor, and Roeskilde.
If the traveller desires to see something of Denmark en route, and if he
has plenty of time at his disposal, he may prefer to travel from Hamburg
to Copenhagen by way of Schleswig, Holstein, Fyen, and Seeland, crossing
the two Belts. This route is somewhat tedious and expensive (v. Hand¬
book for Denmark, Koute 6).
D. London to Hamburg by Sea, and thence to Copenhagen by
Routes A. B. or C.
Distance 420 miles. Steamers good, but often crowded. Fare, £2 2s.
Time in fair weather, 40 to 50 hours.
The Ge 7 ieral Steam Navigation Company’s Steamers start three times
a week from St. Katharine’s Wharf, near the Custom House in London.
Steamers also sail from Hull and Newcastle-on-Tyne for Hamburg direct,
but they are not much to be recommended.
E. London or Hull to Gothenburg.
This is not only the quickest, but also the cheapest sea-rte. to Sweden.
Two lines of steamers run from the Millwall Docks, London (Phillips,
Greaves, and Co., Cross Lane, Great Tower Street), direct to Gothenburg
every Friday. The accommodation on both is very good, and the food
excellent. Fares,—1st class, 3 guineas; 2nd class, 2 guin.; return tickets,
£4 14s. Qd. Provisions for the voyage for the saloon passenger, £1.
The quickest steamers are large twin screws, whose average passage
from Millwall to Gothenburg is 60 hours.
After leaving the Thames, they coast along as far as Orfordness, in
Suffolk, from which point they strike across the German Ocean and North
Sea till they make Cape Hertberg, in Denmark: then steaming up the
Skager-rack, they round the Scaw light, and enter the Cattegat with a
straight course for
Gothenburg. (See Rte. 3.)
There is only a weekly line of steamers from Hull to Gothenburg, with
good accommodation; the average passage being 48 hrs. Fares the same
as from London.
Stockholm can be reached in 12 hrs. by rail from Gothenburg, and the
Falls of Trollhattan in 5 hrs. steaming up the Gotha river. In 3^hrs. by
Kail.
Sweden.
§ 1. ROUTES TO SWEDEN.
5
F. Co]penhagen to Stockholm via Malmd.
Seven or eight steamers leave Copenhagen every day for Malmo and
vice versa; duration of passage, U to If hour; fare, 1 krona 50 o. first,
and 1 krona second class. Some of these steamers extend their voyages
from Malmo to Gothenburg, calliug at Landskrona, Helsinghorg, Torekow,
Halmstad, and Warherg. Other steamers run from Copenhagen direct to
Ystad, to Landskrona, to Helsinghorg (different routes) on the Swedish
coast and back again.
From Malmo (Rte. 8) the train proceeds to Stockholm via Eslof and
Nassjo, as in Route 7 above.
G. Kiel to Gothenburg direct.
London to Hamburg by Rte. A. or D.
Hamburg to Kiel by Rte. A.
A steamer leaves Kiel every Monday and Thursday evening, after the
arrival of the last Hamburg-Altona train, and makes her passage, through
the Great Belt, direct to Gothenburg in about 22 hrs., returning from
Gothenburg every Wednesday and Saturday on arrival of the fast train
from Stockholm.
H. Stralsundj Stettin^ or Luhecky to Malmo or Stockholm.
If the traveller is already in Germany or Central Europe, he will pro¬
bably find it more convenient to go by way of Berlin to Stralsund, Stettin,
or Lubeck, and thence to sail direct to Malmo or Stockholm.
At Stralsund he will find a fast and commodious Mail-Steamer starting
at an early hour every morning, during summer, directly after the arrival
of the train from Berlin. In fair weather the passage to Malmo—about
100 nautical miles—is accomplished in 7 or 8 hrs., and on the steamer’s
arrival at the last-mentioned place, a fast train is in readiness to set off for
Gothenburg and Stockholm. Children under one year pay nothing; from
one to 12 years half-fare. Every full ticket entitles the holder to free
conveyance of 100 lbs. weight of luggage; excess of weight is charged.
Meals and refreshments are paid for as required, according to tariff.
Passengers arriving by train have their luggage carried on board the
steamers free of charge. The Royal mail-steamers serve on this route.
Returning from Malmo by these steamers, after arrival of the train from
Stockholm in the morning, the traveller, on his arrival at Stralsund, finds
a train by which he can reach Berlin the same day, and thence continue
his journey in the evening by express train to Cologne, in 30 hrs., London,
6
Sweden.
§ 1. KOUTES TO SWEDEN.
Paris, Basle, Frankfort, Leipzig, Hamburg, Vienna, Petersburg, &c. These
express trains are due, from departure of the steamer from Malmo :
At Cologne in 30 hrs.
„ Paris „ 42 „
„ London „ 54 „
(including Channel passage).
Malmo is described in Kte. 8.
Since the completion of the great railway lines in Sweden, the sea-routes
from Stettin and Lubeck to Stockholm are not so frequently made use of
as formerly. A steamer leaves Stettin for Stockholm and vice versa once
a fortnight, from Midsummer till the end of October.
Steamers run twice a week between Lubeck and Stockholm, calling at
Kalmar and sometimes at Ystad and Norrkoping. Children under 12 yrs.
half-price ; under 2 yrs. free. Passage 44 to 50 hrs.
I. St. Tetersburg to Stockholm.
Or, finally, should the traveller wish to proceed from Eussia to Sweden ;
he will find powerful steamers which leave St. Petersburg two or three
times a week for Wiborg, Frederikshamn, Helsingfors, Abo, and Stock¬
holm, where they arrive on the fourth day. The return voyages take
place on the same days in reversed succession. Fares : the whole distance,
60 kronor or 21 roubles, 1st cabin; 55 kronor or 20 rb., 2nd cabin.
N.B. —The kronor denote the fares from Stockholm, the roubles the fares
from St. Petersburg. Dinners under deck must be paid for at 2 kronor
a day each passenger, whether partaken of or not; luggage allowed free,
100 lbs. for a cabin, 50 lbs. for a deck-passenger.
It is necessary that passengers should have their names and places of
destination legibly written on the packages belonging to them ; and also,
if proceeding from Sweden to the Eussian dominions, have their passports
duly endorsed by the Eussian Consul-General at Stockholm.
The time taken by the steamers from Stockholm is approximately
To Abo, 17 hrs. t
Helsingfors, 13 hrs. > about.
Wiborg, 13 hrs. j
St. Petersburg, 9 hrs., arriving on 4th day.
From Wiborg there is steamboat communication with Lauritsala,
Kyslott and Kuopio.
From Helsingfors daily trains leave for Tavastehus and steamers for
Borga, Lovisa and Eiga.
f o
Abo has steamboat communication with Nadendal, Salokoping, Nystad,
Eaumo, Bjorneborg, Kristinestad, Wasa, Jacobstad, New and OldCarleby,
Sweden. § 1. routes to Sweden. 7
Brahestad, and Uleaborg in tbe Gulf of Bothnia. (See Handbook for
Russia.)
Note. As winter in its rigour sets in, steam navigation to Sweden is
checked, and even before that season the shortening days necessitate
alterations in the routes of most of the steamers. Besides this, the vessels
may be changed, other hours appointed, &c., from one year to another.
Travellers to Sweden are recommended, therefore, either to furnish them¬
selves with the last time-tables, or to apply for information to the agents
of the different steamers.
Stockholm. Far out into the sea stretches a maze of islands, first
rocky and bare, but gradually becoming higher and more picturesque as
the steamer approaches the capital. The inner channel, near Stockholm,
is protected by the fortress of WaxJiohn, which is built upon a small island
of rock. Great additions have been made, to strengthen the works, which
have rendered them very formidable. Placed in mid-channel, no ship can
approach Stockholm without coming within some 300 yds. of the range of
its batteries.
The town of Waxholm contains about 1600 inhab., and is much fre¬
quented as a bathing-place in summer by visitors from Stockholm. The
one hotel has a very fair repute; from the windows of its dining-room,
but still more from the ramparts and towers of the fort, there are extensive
views over the surrounding archipelago and the many steamers and sailing-
vessels threading its waters. After passing by Waxholm, the scenery
becomes much more picturesque; the islands are of bolder outline, and
abound with oak and other forest-trees, and villas become numerous : the
whole enlivened by ships and boats, all betokening the neighbourhood of a
large city.
Stockholm at length opens to the view, and in appearance and situation
is alike unique and highly picturesque. The steamer gradually threads her
way through the various craft moving about in all directions, and is laid
alongside the quay. Baggage is examined on board; if facilities be
afforded, the examination is only nominal. No gratuities to the officers
are expected, or should be given. Porters are in attendance, and may be
safely trusted with luggage ; their charges, regulated by tariff, are very
moderate, and they are bound to give a receipt when paid. Carriages are
not often in attendance, as the principal inns are not far distant from the
landing-place, but they can be fetched from the nearest stands in 10 minutes.
Stockholm in Rte. 1.
8
Sweden.
§ 2. MONEY.
§ 2. Money, Measures, Weights, Passports.
Money. —The currency is very simple, consisting of kronor and ores:
100 ores = 1 krona, 18 kronor = £1 sterling.
The exchange
is, however,
more exactly, 18 kronor 16 ores = £1 sterling.
English.
£
5.
d.
Gold .. ..20 kronor =
.. .. 1
2
1
O
II
.. .. 0
11
1
Silver .. ..4 „ =
.. .. 0
4
5
to
II
.. .. 0
2
92
1 kronor =
(100 ores)
= .. 0
1
50 ores =
^ kron.
= .. 0
0
25 ,, =
1
4 >J
= .. 0
0
10 „
1
15 ”
= ., 0
0
Copper .. .. 5 ores, 2 ores, and 1 ore.
The kronor are in paper currency, those in common use being for 5,
10, 50, and 100 kronor; the ores are in silver and copper—silver pieces
of 10, 25, and 50 ores, and copper of 1, 2, and 5 ores.
According to the Scandinavian Currency Convention of 1872, the krona
is the unit of the monetary system, subdivided into 100 parts called
ore, in which, as a rule, all accounts are kept. This krona corresponds
in value to the old Riksdollar Riksgeld, which was composed of 48 skil-
IRigs; among the lower orders this kind of counting is frequently em¬
ployed and easily computed, 2 ores being taken for 1 skilling, 25 ores for
12 skillings, and so on.
In ready-money transactions Paper Currency is almost exclusively
employed, except for small change. The Bank of Sweden issues notes
of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 kronor, all on coloured paper and
different in size; the two lowest denominations being small, the two
following larger and square, the two highest larger still and oblong.
These notes, being at any time convertible into corresponding amounts of
specie at the bank, have a fixed value, and are generally taken in prefer¬
ence to silver, as more handy and equally secure. There are numerous
provincial banks in Sweden having the privilege of issuing notes of 10,
50, and 100 kronor, all of which are likewise printed on coloured paper,
and ^circulate as freely as the notes of the State bank.
When travelling in the country it is convenient to be provided with a
good supply of copper, as well as plenty of small silver and paper money,
as change is difficult to obtain out of the towns. Any amount of small
change can be procured, without charge, at the bank at Stockholm; and
with this advantage—the notes will be clean and new. The peasants and
country people dislike old and worn paper.
Sweden. § 3. inns and hotel accommodation. 9
The English traveller will perhaps find it most convenient to provide
himself with circular notes of credit, say for 10?. each, furnished hy some
one of the leading banks in London, and accompanied by a letter of in¬
dication, which at the same time can serve him as an introduction to the
respectable Firms by which his notes are cashed, without any deduction and
at the current exchange of the day ; this being in Sweden about 18 kronor
for the pound sterling. Many old travellers prefer to travel everywhere
with a good supply of Bank of England £5 notes, which can always be
kej^t in a waterproof oiled-silk pocket-book.
Measures. —One Swedish ft. = 0-974 English, or 11*7 English in., is
divided into 10 in. of 10 lines each ; 10 ft. make a pole, 10 poles a chain
(ref), and 360 chains, or 36,000 ft., 1 Swedish mile = 6 miles, 5 furlongs,
40 yds. English ; or 6*64 Eng. mile. A measure of 2 ft. constitutes an ell.
In the square, 1 Swedish mile comprises 44 English; while 32 Swedish
tunnland, of 67,000 sq. ft. each, are equal to 39 English acres. The
measure of contents has the cubic ft. as unit, divided into 10 cans of
100 cubic in. each.
Weights. —The many different weights formerly in use in Sweden, are
at present (with the exception of apothecaries’ and jewellers’ weights)
reduced to a uniform system, having the ancient victual pound, equal to
0*93 lb. avoirdupois, for unit. The pound is subdivided into 100 ort of
100 horn, or grain,- each. 100 lbs. make a centner, and 100 centner a new
last. The old divisions of the pound into 32 lod of 4 qvintins, as well as
the denomination of a lispound for a weight of 20 lbs, are still partially in
use. An English ton of 20 cwt. would correspond to 24 Swedish centner.
The metric system of weights and measures was adopted in 1879, is already
much used, and will become obligatory throughout the country in 1889.
Passports have been entirely abolished in Sweden, but for purposes of
identification it is always useful to carry a Foreign Office passport.
The examination of luggage inflicts the usual amount of annoyance, but
it IS done expeditiously, and only in the case of articles subject to duty
being discovered is it attended with trouble and expense to the owner,
especially if things are hidden away, so as to indicate an intention of
smuggling.
§ 3. Inns and Hotel Accommodation.
The Routes to Sweden have been described in § 1.
The travelling is either by rail, steamer, or carriage. The 1st class
rail, carriages are comfortable, but the long halts at each station are very
trying, and there are but few trains in the day.
The steamers are invariably well-appointed, with comfortable cabins and
10 § 8 . INNS AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATION. Sweden.
good food; they run in every direction, and either the captain or the mate
are sure to speak English.
To the English traveller the Swedes are particularly kind and obliging,
warm-hearted, and ready to help in every period of difficulty, often refus¬
ing any payment for services rendered, and seldom trying to overreach or
defraud.
The cleanliness of all classes is proverbial, no insect-powder will ever he
needed ; and even in the most out-of-the-way stations, the rooms, bedding,
and furniture are beautifully clean. In the far north, however, and among
the Lapps and Finns, exceptions must be taken to this rule.
The cuisine is more suitable to the English taste than the German.
The Smorgas-Bord, or preparatory nip of spirits with dried fish, scraped
meat, or cheese, is often the most substantial, and most eatable part of the
whole dinner, especially on the steamers, and in Lapland, and other
remote places. Du Chaillu says, “ I was led to a little table called
Smorgasbord, around which we all clustered, and upon which I saw a
display of smoked reindeer-meat, cut into small thin slices; smoked
salmon, with poached eggs ; fresh raw sliced salmon, called grafiax, upon
which salt had been put about an hour before; hard-boiled eggs ; fried
sausage; a sort of anchovy, caught on the western coast; raw salted
Norwegian herring, exceedingly fat, cut into small pieces ; sillsallat, made
of pickled herring, small pieces of boiled meat, potatoes, eggs, red beets,
and raw onions, and seasoned with pepper, vinegar, and olive-oil; smoked
goose-breast; cucumbers; soft white and brown bread, cut into small
slices ; kndckehrbd, a sort of flat, hard bread, made of coarse rye-flour, and
seasoned with aniseed; siktadt bread, very thin, and made of the finest
bolted flour; butter; gammal ost, the strongest old cheese one can taste,
and kummin ost, a cheese seasoned with carraway ; three crystal decanters
containing different kinds of brdnvin (spirits) ; renadt, made from rye or
potatoes ; 'pomerans, made from renadt, with the addition of oil of bitter
orange, and somewhat sweet, and ginkelbrdnvin, or unpurified spirit.”
The claret is good, and the Bavarian beer brewed in the country much
to he commended ; the Gothenburg porter deserves to be mentioned with
high praise. English and Scottish porter and ale are to be had in many
places, but at higher prices than the Swedish.
As regards cost, both of travelling and living, Sweden compares advan¬
tageously with other countries, and the bill even at the best hotels in
Stockholm will be less than in many corresponding hotels in Europe.
It must be borne in mind, however, that the distances to be traversed
are great, and in this way expenses often accumulate considerably. At
least 11. a day should be allowed for inclusive expenses.
Railways and steamboats carry travellers in every direction. Should the
Sweden.
§ 4 . MODES OF TEAVELLING.
11
tour be extended to the less frequented routes, it would be better not to
purchase a carriage, but to take advantage of the best vehicle the posting
station affords, generally an old-fashioned gig on springs, made to carry
two people with a little luggage, and well-fitted for the heavy sandy roads
so often met with. A few pounds of good English tea, and some tins of
preserved meats, will be found useful, as there is often only fish, coffee,
and eggs to be had at the remote posting stations.
The hotels and inns are generally good. Dinner, however, can only be
obtained in the restaurant attached to the hotel, which it is usual to pay
for, together with a trifle for the waiter, at the time. Swedish gentlemen
give something every time they order a glass of beer, if only 5 ores. Wages
are often merely nominal, and waiters expect a small “ pour boire ” for
every small service.
The bill for bed, breakfast, tea, attendance, &c., &c,, will be presented
every morning for verification, but payment is not expected until the time
of departure.
4. Modes of Travelling. Kailways. Steamers. Time-Tables.
Posting.
Bailways at present extend over distances measuring together 3640
English miles, of which 1212 miles belong to the State, and the rest to
private companies. The State Kailways include nearly all the main lines,
such as the Western, between Stockholm and Gothenburg; the Southern,
from Falkoping to Malmo; the Northern, from Stockholm to Upsala,
Ostersund, and the frontier of Norway; and the Eastern, from Stockholm
to Norrkoping, Linkoping, and Nassjo; the North Western, from Laxa to
the frontier of Norway. Six or seven different gauges are in use.
Trains do not run very frequently ; fast passenger-trains travel at the
rate of 25 English miles an hour, including stoppages. On the long lines,
stations are assigned for breakfast and dinner, where hot and cold meats
in abundance await the arrivals of the trains, and each passenger helps
himself, ad libitum, for the small charge of 1 krona or IJ krona for
breakfast, and If or 2 kronor for dinner or supper, exclusive of drinks.
Spirits cannot be obtained at the stations. At each station where the
train stops, the guard calls out the name of the place and how many
minutes to stop.
The carriages are commodious, and very much like those on the railways
in England; in each of them are posted printed instructions for passengers.
Smoking carriages and compartments for ladies will be found in all trains.
Ticket-offices open at an hour, and close at five minutes, before the departure
of each train. Tickets are marked at the baggage-room and packages labelled
with numbers and address, of which the owner receives a duplicate. First
12 § 4 . STEAMERS.—POSTING REGULATIONS. Sweden.
and second-class passengers are allowed 70 lbs., tliird-class passengers 50 lbs.
of luggage. Anything beyond that pays for extra weight. Children under
3 years, when occupying the same place as an accompanying grown-up
person, are admitted free; children between 3 and 12 years are charged
half fare, and allowed half the corresponding weight of luggage; for dogs
(which must be muzzled) the charge is one-half of third-class fare. Tickets
must be shown to the railway officials whenever asked for. Complaints
may be made to any station-master, or noted down in a book kept for that
purpose at the station, but the officials will almost invariably be found
civil and obliging.
The rate of travelling on Swedish railways is considerably reduced in
winter, to secure safety. Thus, the summer Time-tables are not valid for
winter.
Kailway time is regulated, all over the country, by a general mean time.
All distances are now given in the official time-tables in kilometres.
Steamers .—More than 200 steamers, large and small, carry passengers
between places along the extensive coasts of Sweden, on its numerous lakes,
rivers, and canals, and to and from the ports of surrounding countries.
Sweden is peculiarly adapted for steam navigation, and it is rapidly
aiding to develop the resources of the country. All the captains
of these vessels speak English, and several are commanded by officers in
the Koyal Navy. The fares are very reasonable ; the cuisine good, and
cheap in proportion. Great attention is paid to cleanliness and the comfort
of passengers, and the officers are obliging and attentive. The routes, in
almost all instances, are regular, but it should be remembered that the
steamers’ days of sailing are altered, "as the days shorten or lengthen,
and travellers are warned to trust to none but the latest published lists
or advertisements. This Handbook can do little more than point out
the lines of communication, as they exist, by land and water. For more
detailed and recent information on these particulars, the traveller must
be referred to the time-tables published from time to time during his
sojourn in the country.
The weekly paper called Sveriges KommuniJcationer^ published in Stock¬
holm at 10 ores each number, contains ample and reliable information in
respect to railways and steamers. It is sold at most of the railway
stations, and is found at all hotels, cafes, &c. Several travelling-maps
of Sweden, by C. E. Dalman, T. A. v. Mentzer, N. E. Petterson,
H. Schlachter, showing railway and telegraph lines, with their stations,
post-offices, posting-stations, and a variety of other noteworthy places,
are sold by most booksellers.
Posting regulations .—Horses are provided for travellers, at the different
stations, either by contracts or by relays. Under the first of these arrange-
Sweden. § 4 . posting regulations. 13
ments, which are numerous and on the increase, the post-master undertakes
to supply the horses himself, and little delay is experienced ; in the latter
cases, horses are furnished by relays from the peasant farmers of the
surrounding districts. These relays are brought in to the station at even¬
tide, and if quickly disposed of, succeeding travellers may have to await
the arrival of next evening’s relay, or at any rate the time necessary to
send for the number he requires, unless the horses have been ordered
beforehand. To effect this precaution it is necessary to send “ Forbud,”
that is, a messenger in advance with written requisitions, forms of which
can be purchased in most towns. The cost of sending a forbud is the same
as a one-horse fare for the distance; and the horses so ordered must be
paid for, whether the traveller eventually uses them or takes another route.
In some cases, the forbud-papers can be sent by post or by telegraph, but
the traveller should always keep a memorandum of the orders sent, and
the hours for which his horses have been required. Owing to the improved
modes of travelling, however, the expedient of sending forbud is now rarely
resorted to, at least in the middle and south of Sweden. Posting is much
less necessary in Sweden than in Norway, as the former country is less moun¬
tainous, and contains a large number of railroads and of inland water routes.
The rates of posting vary according to the class of station from which
departure takes place, and are in each case regulated down to •— of a
Swedish mile ; thus the payment for every horse is—
Distance.
From
Stockholm.
From contract
station in
town.
From contract station
in country
or relay in town.
From relay
station
in country.
Sw.
Mile.
Eng,
Mile.
Kr.
Ore.
Kr.
Ore.
, Kr.
Ore.
Kr.
Ore.
1
g
0-83
0
20
0
15
0
13
0
10
1
1-66
0
40
0
30
0
25
0
20
1
2
3*32
0
80
0
60
0
50
0
40
1
6-64
1
60
1
20
1
00
0
80
6-92
1
67
1
25
1
04
0
83
7-05
1
70
1
28
1
06
0
85
I 3
7.47
1
80
1
35
1
13
0
90
8-30
2
00
1
50
1
25
1
00
9-96
2
40
1
80
1
50
1
20
2
13-28
3
20
2
40
2
00
1
60
This old tariff only prevails now in some of the more remote parts of
Sweden, pending the universal adoption of the metric system with an
altered tariff.
The following table shows the fares according to the new kilometric tariff.
14 § 4 . POSTING EEGULATioNS. Sweden.
POSTING TARIFF.
Kilometres.
English Miles.
Slow Stations in the Country.
Fast Stations in Town or Country.
For One Person.
2 Persons.
For One Person.
2 Persons.
Horse alone.
Horse with
Springless Cart
(Stolkjeerre).
Horse with
Carriole.
1 Horse with
Springless Cart.
Horse alone.
Horse with
Springless Cart.
Horses with
Carriole.
Horse with
Springless Cart.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr. i
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
1
0-62
0*08
0-10
0*10
0-14 [
0*15
0-17
0-17
0-25
2
1-24
0-16
0-19
0*20
0*28 '
0-30
0-33
034
0-40
3
1*86
0-24
0-29
0-30
0-42
0-45
0-50
0-51
0*74
4
2-48
0-32
0-38
0-40
0*56
0-60
0-66
0*68
0-98
5
3-10
0-40
0-48
0-50
0-70 i
0-75
0-83
0-85
1-23
6
3-72
0*48
0*57
0-60
0-84
0-90
0-99
1-02
1-47
7
4-34
0-56
0-67
0*70
0-98
1-05
1-16
1-19
1-72
8
4*96
0-64
0-76
0-80
1-12
1-20
1*32
1-36
1-96
9
5-58
0-72
0-86
0-90
1-26
1-35
1*49
1-53
2-21
10
6-20
0-80
0-95
1-00
1-40
1-50
1-65
1*70
2-45
The south of Sweden is so well provided with railways and water
communication that it will not often he found necessary to drive, unless a
special excursion is made to some object of interest, which lies out of the
beaten track. In the north of Sweden, however, it will more often be
necessary to post.
BOAT TARIFF.
Kilometres.
English Miles.
Slow Stations in the Country.
Fast Stations in Town or Country.
Two Men
with 4
Oars.
Three
Men with
6 Oars.
Four
Men with
8 Oars.
Two Men
with 4
Oars.
Three
Men with
6 Oars.
Four
Men with
8 Oars.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
Kr.
1
0-62
0-15
0-22
0-29
0-21
0-31
0-41
2
1-24
0-29
0-44
0-58
0-41
0*62
0-82
3
1-86
0-44
0-66
0-87
0-62
0-93
1-23
4
2-48
0-58
0-88
1*16
0-82
1-24
1-64
5
3-10
0-73
1-10
1-45
1-03
1-55
2-05
6
3-72
0-87
1-32
1-74
1-23
1-86
2-46
7
4-34
1-04
1-54
2-03
1-44
2-17
2-87
8
4-96
1'18
1-76
2*32
1*64
2*48
3-28
9
5-58
1-33
1*98
2-61
1-86
2-79
3-69
10
6-20
1-45
2-20
2-90
2-05
3-10
4-10
Sweden.
§ 4 . POSTING KEGULATIONS.
15
At Stockholm, horses must he ordered six hours before they are wanted,
and a bookiog charge paid of 10 ore in the daytime, and 15 ore if the
order is left after 10 p.m. A common cart from thence- is charged 10 ore ;
with back to the seat, 25 ore; a wagon, with spring seat, for two horses,
50 ore, per mile. Horses may be kept waiting one hour, without any
additional charge. Beyond that time, the person who has ordered them
must pay 50 ore for each horse during the second and third hour, and
90 ore for every hour succeeding. If the horses are countermanded after
arrival, the postilion receives 85 ore for each horse in compensation. At
all other posting-stations the charges arc :—for a common cart, 3 ore ; for
a cart with a spring seat, or a two-horse wagon, 6 ore ; for a two-horse
wagon with a spring seat, 13 ore; for a saddle or harness, 3 ore, all per
mile. If a saddle-horse is used, 19 ore per mile additional is charged for
fetching the animal back again. For every hour a horse is kept waiting
beyond the first, 25 ore has to be paid, but after waiting 4 hours the post¬
boy may take his cattle home again. All tolls on the road are paid by the
traveller.
Only one person, besides the postboy, must be carried by a single horse ;
the postboy is always to be allowed a seat, but if two persons, each with a
single horse and cart, travel together, they may jointly occupy one vehicle,
the postboy driving the other. 2 horses carry 3 persons, 3 horses 4 persons,
and 4 horses in the same team 6 persons. A saddle-horse must not carry
more than 40 lbs. besides the rider, and the maximum load for every
draught-horse is not to exceed 4 centner (372 English pounds or 265 stone),
including the traveller’s own weight, but not the carriage. As to speed, an
hour and a half is allowed for every Swedish mile, and although the
traveller has the right of driving himself, he must be careful not to injure
horses or carriage in so doing, as it may cause detention and other incon¬
veniences. The post-masters have considerable powers vested in them
for protecting the owners of the horses, as well as those who order them,
and may refuse fresh horses to travellers until any damages for which
they may be liable have been compensated ; postboys, on the other'hand,
are subject to fine for demanding or receiving more than their proper fare.
At each station a daybook (dagbok) is kept, in which travellers have to
enter their names and occupations, &c., and the number of horses taken to
the next station ; this book contains all the posting regulations, with the
distances upon each stage, and the sum to be paid for each horse. Com¬
plaints arc sometimes inserted in this book, but should be made in
moderation, and not without good cause, as they may lead to serious
punishments when the book, according to established practice, comes under
the inspection of the proper authorities.
Mail-coaches, having accommodation for a limited number of passengers.
16 § 5 . REQUISITES FOR TRAVELLING. SlVedeU.
run regularly over a few routes, connecting places in the country where
railways are not yet introduced. Their speed is by no means extraordinary,
hut they are, at any rate, preferable to posting. Fares generally, 1 krona
the Swedish mile. Travellers intending to make use of this mode of con¬
veyance should secure their places at the earliest opportunity.
The coaches rarely carry more than 2 passengers, and the seats are
therefore often occupied when wanted. For expedition and saving of
trouble, however, this mode of conveyance is generally preferred.
There are more than 35,000 English miles of public roads in Sweden,
with several hundred post stations.
5. Kequisites foe Travelling.
As a rule, the less luggage, the more comfort in travelling; and as a
pleasure trip to Sweden should only be undertaken in the summer season,
a moderate wardrobe will suffice. Only, as the temperature is variable,
and the nights sometimes turn very cold, it is advisable to be provided
with warm wrappers or overcoats for use during night-journeys. Toilet
requisites should not be forgotten, as in many places they are difficult to
procure of good quality, and a portable india-rubber bath will be found a
great luxury. For shooting and walking, stout, easy-fitting boots and
shoes, double soles clamped by means of screws, and without iron heels, are
essential, and can nowhere he j>rocured so good as in England. The
sportsman will naturally bring with him his own guns and fishing-tachle ;
and shetching materials ought likewise to be brought over from England.
A tourist’s telescope, coloured spectacles to protect the eyes against sun-
glare and dust, writing-case, adhesive labels, or pieces of parchment for
writing directions, a strong leather bag to hold coins for small change,
a pocket-book for paper-money, and a small mirror in a leather case, are
all of constant use to the traveller in Sweden. A leather strap to secure
the wrappers, and a carpet-bag or small valise to contain the more immediate
necessaries, will be found handy in the railway-carriage, or in the small
cabin of a steamer, when larger packages are stowed away with the luggage.
If there be any intention of visiting Lapland in July or August, veils
must be provided to protect the face from the mosquitoes ; none of the so-
called “ Patent Preservatives,” will be of the slightest use. The veil, made
of fine bobbin net, should be long enough, after being tied round the hat,
for the other end to tuck into the waistcoat, and a thin wire should be run
in about the level of the nose, to keep it well off the face. A very effective
mosquito veil, with other requisites for travel, may be procured at 181,
Strand, London.
The Lapp boots, made of reindeer-skin (price about 6s.), will be found
Sweden.
§ 6. SWEDISH LANGUAGE.
17
far preferable to any English boot for travelling in Lapland; they can be
purchased at Lulea, or any of the northern towns.
Those who intend to visit North Sweden and Lapland should consult the
paragraphs relating to travel in Iceland in the Handbook for Denmark and
Iceland. AVaterproofs, waders, and thick tweed suits should be taken by
those who intend to fish.
§ 6. Swedish Vocabulary and Dialogues.
The Swedish language is a very easy one to master, that is to say,
enough for the ordinary traveller, especially if he has any previous know¬
ledge of German ; many of the words have a great similarity to either
English or German.
A small pocket dictionary should be purchased in Stockholm, and the
following dialogues well studied before leaving home.
The pronunciation is very analogous to the German; the letter (a
with a small o over it) is pronounced nearly as broad as the o itself.
A useful little book by A. May, entitled, ‘ Exercises for Conversation in
English and Swedish, together with examples on the use of the particles,
forms for letters, &c.,’ and other manuals of conversation, are to be ob¬
tained at the principal bookshops in Sweden. The following are some
of the words and sentences more commonly occurring in travelling :—
NUMERALS.
1, en.
8, dtta.
15, femtoyi.
21, tjuguett.
70, sjuttio.
2, twd.
9, nio.
16, sexton.
22, tjugutwd, <^c.
80, dttio.
3, tre.
10, tio.
17, sjutton.
30, trettio.
90, nittio.
4, fyra.
11, elfvoa.
18, aderton.
40. fyratio.
100, ett hundrade.
5, fem.
12, tolf.
19, nitton.
50, femtio.
200, twd hundrade,
6, sex.
13, tretton.
20, tjugu.
60, sextio.
1000, ett tusende.
7,
14, fjorton.
days of the week.
Sunday
Sondag.
Thursday
Thorsdag.
Monday
Mdyidag.
Friday
Fredag.
Tuesday
Tisdag.
Saturday
Lordag.
Wednesday
Onsdag.
MONTHS.
January
Januari.
July
Juli.
Februaiy
Februari.
August
Augusti.
March
liars.
September
September.
April
April,
October
' October.
May
Maj.
November
November.
June
Juni.
December
December.
r-
18
§ 6. SWEDISH VOCABULARY.
Sweden
VOCABULARY.
Again
Igen.
Aid
Hjelp.
Ale
01.
All
All.
And
Och.
Answer
Svar.
Arm
Arm.
Away
Bort.
Axle-tree
Axel, Hjul-axel.
Back (return)
Tillhaka.
Bag
Sack.
Barley
Korn.
Bear
Bjorn.
Bed
Sang.
Beer
'6l.
Best
Bast.
Better
B’dttre.
Bill, the
Rdkningen.
Bird
Fogel.
Black cock
Orre.
Boat
Bat.
Boil, to
Koka.
Boy
Gosse.
Boy that goes'
Avith horses.
1 Skjutshonde.
Brandy
Brdnvin.
Bread
Brod.
Breakfast
Frukost.
Bridle
Betsel,
Buckle
Sp'dnne.
Butter
Smor.
By-way
Bivdg.
.Call, to
Kalla.
Candle
Zijus.
Cap
Mossa.
Capercalzie
Tjdder.
Carriage
Vagn.
ChaiT
Bidding.
Cheese
Ost.
,Clean
Ren.
Coat, gi-eat
Ofverrock.
.Coat
Rock,
Coffee
Kaffe.
Collar, horse
Loka.
Come, to
Komma.
Cook, to
Koka.
Coverlid
Sdngtdcke.
Cream
Grddde.
Cup
Kopp.
Danger
Kara.
Daughter
D otter.
Day-book
Daghok.
Dinner
Middag.
Directly, at once
Genast.
Do, to
Gdra.
Dog
Hund.
Door
Dorr.
Drink money
Drickspenningar.
Driver
Skjutshonde.
Eat, to
Spisa, Ata.
Eel
ll.
Egg
■^gg>
Early
Tidigt.
Elk
Klg.
Fall, to
Falla.
Far
Ldngt.
Farm-house
Bondgdrd.
Farrier
Hofslagare, Smed.
Ferry
Fdrja.
Field
Aker, Mark.
Fire
Eld.
Fish
Fisk.
Fish, to
Fiska.
Fishing-line
Metre/.
Fishing-rod
Metspd.
Fly
Fluga.
Fork
Gaffel.
Fox
Rdf.
Game
Vildhrdd.
Get, to
' Fd.
Girl
Flicka.
Girth
Sadelgjord.
Give, to
Gifva.
Glass
Glas,
Sweden.
19
§ 6. SWEDISH VOCABULAKT.
Go, to
Gd.
Grass
Gras,
Grayling
Harr.
Gun
Bossa, skjutge\
Gunpowder
Krut.
Hair, the
Ildret.
Ham
Skinka.
Hand
Hand.
Hand, ricrht
Hoger hand.
Hand, left
Venster hand.
Handkerchief
Ndsduk.
Hare
Hare.
Harness
Seltyg, sele.
Hasel-hen
Hjerpe.
Hat
Hatt.
Hay
Ho.
Herring
Sill.
Hill
Backe.
Hook
Kroh.
Horse
Hast.
Hour
Timme.
Husband
Man,
Immediately
Genast.
Ink
Skrifhldck.
Inn
Vdrdshus.
Interpreter
Talk,
Island
0 .
Keep, to
Hdlla.
Key
Nyckel.
Knife
Knif.
Lady
Fru.
Lady (young)
Broken,
Lake
Sjd, Insjd.
Large
Stor.
Lay, to
Ligga.
Lead
Bly.
Man
Man.
Many
Mdnga.
Me
Mig.
Meat
Kott.
Milk
Mjdlk.
Mine
Min.
Money
Penningar.
Much
Mycket.
Mustard
Senap.
Xear
Fdra.
Net
Ndt.
Night-lodging
Nattldger.
No
Nej.
Nobody
Ingen.
Nothino;
Intel.
Now
Nu.
Oar
o
Ara.
Of
Af.
Oil
Olja.
Once
En gdng.
Our
Vdr.
Over
Ofver.
Paper
Papper.
Partridge
Papphona.
Pay, to
Betala.
Pen
Penna.
Pepper
Peppar.
Perch
Ahorre.
Pike or Jack
Gddda.
Portmanteau
Kappsdck.
Port-wine
Port-vin.
Post-Office
Post-Kontor.
Potatoes
Potates.
Presently
Strax.
Ptarmigan
Snoi'ipa,
Railway
Jernvdg.
Ready
Fdrdig.
Red deer
Pddjur.
Reel
Hdrfvel.
Reindeer
Pen.
Reins
Tommar.
Return, to
Pesa tillbaka.
Ride, to
Pida.
River
Strom, Flod, Elf.
Road
Vdg.
Room
Pum.
Row, to
Po.
Rower
Poddare.
Rye
Pdg.
Safe
Sdker.
Saddle
Sadel.
Salmon
Lax- bring.
C 2
20
Sweden,.
§ 6. SWEDISH VOCABULARY AND DIALOGUES.
Salt
Salt.
Tea
The.
Shafts, the
j Tistel-stdng,
To-day
Idag.
1 Vagnstistel.
To-morrow
Lnorgon.
Shall
Skall.
Towel
Handduk.
Shallow
Grund.
Town
St ad.
Sheets, the
Fakan.
Travel, to
Resa.
Shoe (horse)
Sko.
Trout
For ell.
Shoes
Skor.
Trowsers
Byxor.
Small
Liten.
Under
Under.
Snipe
Beckasin.
Vinegar
Attika.
Soap
Tvdl
Water
Vatten.
Sou
Son.
Waterfoll
Vattenfall.
Speak, to
Tala.
Wheel
Hjul.
Spoon
Sked.
Whip
Piska.
Stage
Skj utshdll.
Wife
Hustru.
Steamer
Angfartyg.
Window
Fonster.
Stirrups
Stigbogel.
Wine
Vi7i.
Strap
Stropp.
Wine, white
Hwitt-vin.
Sugar
Socker.
Wood (forest)
Skog.
Supper
Qvdllsvard.
Woodcock
AIo7'kulla,
Table
Bord.
Yes
Ja.
Table beer
Take, to
Dricka.
Tag a.
Yesterday
Igdr.
DIALOGUES.
Good morning, Sir, Madam.
How are you ?
I hope you are quite well to-day.
Very well, I thank you.
Good evening.—Good-bye; farewell.
Do you speak English ? French ? German ?
A little. Not at all.
I can read, but not speak.
Do you understand me?
I speak Swedish very badly.
Speak more slowly.
What o’clock is it?
How do you call that in Swedish ?
Where are you going to ?
How many miles is it from here to . . . . ?
Is the road good?
Are there any good inns upon the road ?
Have you performed this journey before ?
God morgon min herre, min fru.
Hur star det till ?
Jaq hoppas ni mar alldeles bra i dag.
Edit bra, jag tackar.
God afton. — Adieu; farvdl.
Talar Ni Engelska ? Franska ? Tyska ?
Ndgot litet. Alldeles ioke.
Jag laser sprdket, men kan ej tala det.
Forstdr Ni mig ?
Jag talar rdtt ilia Svenska.
Tala litet mera Idngsamt.
Hvad dr klockan ?
Hum kallar Ni detta pd Svenska ?
Heart gdr Ni ?
Huru mdnga mil har man hdrifrdn
till . . . . ?
Ar vdgen god ?
Finner man goda vdrdshus pd denna tag f
Har ni forut gjort denna resa ?
Sweden,
§ 6. SWEDISH DIALOGUES.
21
You must bespeak horses.
Have you horses at hand ?
Put them to immediately.
How much must one pay for each horse?
How long shall I have to wait?
I shall ti’avel on horseback—on foot.
Can you not drive faster, postilion ?
Drive slower.
There is no danger.
Drive me to the best inn in the town.
How much am I to pay you for this
stage ?
Can you change ?
I have no small change.
Let me have a cab.
What is the fare ?
Drive me to the steamer.
Can I get a ticket on board ?
What does a cabin cost?
One with two beds.
Can I have a return ticket ?
When does the steamer go?
How' soon does the train leave?
We go by rail.
What time does it take ?
Twen t v-fo ur h ours.
¥
When do we dine ?
Can we get supper there?
Is this the inn?
Take these things up-stairs.
Can we have good beds ?
I hope they are not damp.
1 want a bedroom and a parlour.
Open the door.
Bring me a night-lamp.
Bring us some water; a pitcher of water.
Can I have a bath—a pail to bathe my
feet in ?
Call us at seven to-morrow morning,
and let the horses be ready by eight.
Wi mdste hestdlla hdstar.
Har ni hdstar inne ?
Sdttfdr genast.
Huru myckct hdr man hetala for hvarje
hdst ?
Hur Idnge shall jag vdnta ?
Jag drnar rida—gd till fots.
Kan dll icke kora fortare, skjutsbonde ?
Kor saktare.
Det dr ingen fara.
Kor till det bdsta vdrdshuset i staden.
Harii mycket skall jag betala er for
detta hdllet ?
Kan ni vexla ?
Jag har inga smdpengar.
Skaffa mig en droska.
Hvad kostar dkningen ?
Kor till dngbdten.
Kan jag fd billjett ombord.
Hvad kostar en hyttplats ?
En med tvd sdngar.
Ivan jag fd retiir biljett ?
Ndr gdr dngbdten ?
Har sna7't gdr tdget ?
Vi gd med jeimbanan.
Har Idng tid tar det ?
Ett dygn.
Nar dta vi middag ?
Kan vi fd qvdllsvard der^
Ar detta gdstgifvaregdrden ?
Tag upp dessa saker i dfra vdningen.
Kunna vi fd goda sdngar
Jag hoppas de icke dro fuktiga.
Jag behdfver en sdngkammare, och ett
fdrmak.
Oppna dorren.
Gif mig en natt-lampa.
Skaffa OSS litet vatten; en kanna vatten.
Kan jag fd ett bad—en balja for ait
tvdtta fotterna ?
Fac^ OSS klockan sju i morgon hittida,
och Idt hdstarne vara fdi'diga klockan
dtta.
God natt.
Good night.
22
Sweden.
§ 6 . SWEDISH DIALOGUES. § 7 . SCENERY.
What can I have to eat ?
Let me have some coffee—a glass of milk.
Is it ready now ?
Have you anything ready ?
Let me see the bill of fare.
Is the wine good ?
How much is it the bottle?
What meat have you ?
Have you any game ?
Have you any river or sea fish ?
At what hour will you dine ?
At two o’clock.
Give me the bill.
How much are you to receive ?
The bill is not right.
That is too dear.
I will not give any more.
Can I get a Commissioner?
Is an interpreter to be had ?
Is the Post-Office far from hence?
Are there any letters for me?
How much is the postage?
Have you any stamps ?
I have no change in copper money—
I have no change in paper money.
Be so good as to tell me the way.
Can you change a sovereign ?
What do you give for it?
Eighteen kronor is the value.
What do you give for a £5 note ?
It is worth ninety kronor.
I will give you 89 only.
You can have it.
Why don’t you give more?
Hvad kan jag fd att dta'^
Lot mig fd caffe—ett glas mjolk.
Ar det dnnu ej fdrdigt ?
liar ni ndgonting fdrdigt ?
Ldt mig se matsedeln.
Ar vinet godt 9
Hum mycket for huteljen 9
Hvad kdttrdtter har ni 9
Har ni vildt 9
Har ni fdrskvatten fisk, eller saltvatten
fisk9
Vid livad timma vill ni spisa middag 9
Klockan tvcd.
Gif mig rdkningen.
Hum mycket shall ni hafva9
Bdkningen dr icke riktig.
Det dr for dyrt.
Jag vill icke gifva mer.
Kan jag fd en Commissionaire 9
Kan man fd en tolk 9
Ar posthuset Idngt hdrifrdn9
Har jag bref for mig 9
Hvad kostar frankeringen 9
Har ni ndgra hrefmdrken 9
Jag har icke ndgra lospenninger—Jag
har inga smdsedlar,
Var sd god att visa mig vdgen.
Kan ni vexla ett pund 9
Hvad hetalar ni for det 9
Dut dr vdrdt 18 kronor.
Hvad ger ni for en 5-pund-sedel 9
Den dr vdrd nittio kronor.
Jag vill endast gifva dttinio.
Ni kan fd den for det.
Hvarfdr ger ni ej mera 9
§ 7. Season for Travelling.—Scenery.
The scenery of Sweden is quite peculiar to itself. True it is that the
wild grandeur of Norway is wanting until the traveller reaches the moun¬
tains of Lapland, yet on the other hand the broken rocky ground, richly
wooded and interspersed with lakes or fiords, reflecting in their placid
waters the surrounding shores, with many a leafy or pine-clad promontory
Sweden.
23
§ 8. ANGLING.
and islet; the dark hills, grey old ruins, and rushing waterfalls, afford an
endless variety of lovely scenery. The following are the most picturesque
routes:—Through the district between Gothenburg and the Norwegian
frontkr ; through the Dalslands canal; the Gotha canal; through the pro¬
vinces of Dalecarlia and Angermanland; Stockholm and its environs; up
the Gulf of Bothnia; up the Lulea river to Lapland.
The old national costumes as worn by the peasants of different districts
still pirtly exist in their diversities, from the attractive dress of the pretty
Swedish maiden of Dalecarlia to the reindeer-skins and coloured beads of
the Laplander.
The cleanliness of the poorest Swedish peasant in general is much
to be admired, forming a marked contrast to his Norwegian brother.
§ 8. Angling.
Laxes and rivers abound with a variety of fish. The Aetra, Nissa, and
Lags,, rivers of Halland, which debouch at Falkenberg, Halmstad, and
Lahdm, are renowned for their salmon, but the water there, suitable for
angliug, is limited in extent and is private property. On the E. coast of'
Swedai there are also many salmon rivers, especially to the north of Stock¬
holm, where several large watercourses flow into the Gulf of Bothnia.
These ?almon do not take the fly so readily as in other countries, but very
few of the rivers have been thoroughly tested, though it has been placed
beyond doubt that they will take both fly and phantom at the Edefors
rapid or. the Lulea river (see E-oiite 28), where the fishing is perfectly free.
They run up to a very large size, and their flavour is not to be excelled.
Char an plentiful in many lakes, and trout and grayling abound in every
mountaia stream, running up to 8 and 9 lbs. in weight in the Lulea (see
Koute 28), and taking almost any fly most greedily. Trout, in the Wenern
lake, at,ain a large size, 30 lbs. weight and upwards. The streams fall¬
ing ink this lake afford good fishing. The trout in the Lake Wettern
also attain a great weight. The Dalecarlian rivers are highly spoken of.
Char, i.i the mountain lakes, take the fly well; and pike, perch, with
various other kinds of fresh-water fish, are caught in most parts of the
country. As regards the best time for fishing in Sweden—in the S. the
rivers £,re usually in a fit state about the middle or end of May; in the N.
they a'e at least one month later, and in the Lulea the end of August.
See also Observations on Angling, in Handbook for Norway^ particularly
as to flies and other tackle, which equally apply to Sweden.
24
§ 9 . GAME AND WILD ANIMALS.
S^veden.
§ 9. Shooting and Game Laws.
The sportsman will find ample employment for his gun in Sweden, espe¬
cially along the ridge of mountains on the Norwegian frontier, and the
country between the rivers Clar and Dal.
Norrland also abounds in all kinds of game, indigenous to the climate. In
the middle and south of Sweden, the quantity, during many years, skewed
a gradual falling off; but since the introduction of the new game I'aws a
perceptible increase has again been made manifest. Quickjock in Lipland
(see Koute 28) is particularly recommended, where in September abag of
100 ptarmigan, besides willow-grouse and hares have been known to fall
to a single gun. Here game of all kinds, wildfowl, and even bears, sre met
with within a few hours’ walk of most comfortable quarters; no t(nts or
camping out being necessary.
Any one may shoot over the vast tracts of forest and other lands, which
have not been appropriated for private or public use, under the following
restrictions, applicable to all hunting-grounds, not specially enclosed :—
J^lks may not be hunted from 1st October to 10th August.
Partridges and grouse from 1st November to 10th August.
Swans, cock of the woods {capercailzie), luild ducks, eider geese, %vood~
cocks, and snipes, from 16th March to 10th July.
Deer, red deer, ivild reindeer, hares, blackcocks, hazel-hens, ptarmigans,
from 16th March to 10th August.
Owners of enclosed preserves, whether belonging to the Crown o’ to pri¬
vate persons, may shoot or permit shooting in the same, of all linds of
game at all times of the year.
Poaching, whether in preserves or open grounds, is punishable uith fines
from 50 to 300 kronor, and in some cases with imprisonment, ip to the
term of 6 months.
Hunting during prohibited terms is punishable with fines from 1') to 100
kronor.
The person who apprehends such offender, may take possessioi of his
gun and other hunting-gear, his dogs and game, until judicial lentence
shall have been passed.
Bears, wolves, lynxes, foxes, gluttons, martens, otters, seals, eaglei, eagle-
owls, haivks, and falcons, may be shot at all times of the year in places
where hunting is permitted, and rewards can be claimed on proof of the
animal being killed, amounting to 50 krs. for a bear, 25 krs. for a wolf or a
Ivmx, 10 krs. for a glutton, 3 krs. for a fox, eagle, or eagle owl, and 2 krs.
for a hawk or falcon.
Bears are now becoming rare in Sweden; elks, wild deer of all kinds,
still more so.
Sweden,
§ 10 . LAKES AND EIVERS.—GEOLOGY.
25
§ 10. Succinct Account of Sweden.
Deprived of Finland, Pomerania, &c., the Swedish territories are now
comprised in the eastern side of the Scandinavian peninsula and several
islands in the Baltic, the chief of which are Oland and Gotland ; the latter
is large and highly interesting from the numerous churches of the 11th and
12th centuries which it contains (see Kte. 25). The extreme length of
Sweden is about 930 Eng. m., with an average width of 190; with the
islands, its area is about 170,700 Eng. sq. m.
Sweden is divided into 3 principal regions: Norrland, which comprises
Gefle and all the provinces to the N. of that up to the Tornea; Sweden
proper, which includes the central provinces; and Gotland, those in
the South.
The Scandinavian peninsula rises gradually from the W. coast of the
Baltic and Gulf of Bothnia, until it reaches its highest elevation in the
great mountain chain, which, for a long distance, divides Sweden from
Norway. Upon the whole, and particularly in the southern parts of
Sweden, it is a level country ; there are, however, numerous ranges of high
ground and detached hills of considerable elevation. The highest point in
Sweden does not exceed 6350 feet, and this is only in the mountains upon
the frontier of Norway. The southern provinces consist for the most part
of sandy plains, interspersed with numerous lakes and hills. The central
region contains extensive plateaux of table-land, with large tracts of forest.
The N. part is mountainous, with deep valleys, vast forests, and sandy
wastes.
Lakes and Rivers. —The peculiar feature in Swedish scenery is the extent
and number of the lakes in the S. and central parts. Of these, the Wenern
and the Wettern are the largest; the former is upwards of 90 Eng. m. in
i length, and the latter 86. The Miilaren Lake, which adjoins Stockholm, is
also of great extent. The whole of these lakes, with several smaller ones,
are included in the routes. In the central and Northern parts there are
several considerable rivers. Of these, the largest are the Dal (Rte. 15), the
Indal, Angerman, Umea, Pitea, Lulea, and Tornea, whose lengths average
from 230 to 290 Eng. m. All these rivers rise in the mountains, and in
their course form numerous grand falls and cataracts.
Geology, —Granite and gneiss are the prevailing rocks, particularly the
j former; gneiss being much less abundant in Sweden than in Norway.
; Mica-slate is also very common, and contains the greater number of
I' metalliferous beds met with in Sweden. It often alternates with vast
I' beds of primitive limestone, quartz, &c. These, with a few others, form
j the primitive rocks. The transition include conglomerate and sandstone,
■' with transition porphyry, limestone, and trap. The secondary comprise
26 § 10. MINERALOGY.-FORESTS.—CLIMATE, ETC. Sweden.
secondary sandstone and chalk. Extensive tertiary and alluvial deposits
also occur. Observations extending over a number of years have proved,
that along the northern Baltic coast-line of Sweden the land is rising at
the rate of about 2 ^ feet in a century, while in the south it appears to be
sinking slightly.
Mineralogy .—Sweden is particularly rich in mineral products. Of
these the mines of copper and of iron are the most productive and cele¬
brated. Some of the largest are described in Rte. 17. The porphyry
quarries at Elfdal, upon the same Route, produce many ornamental
objects, but are less worked than formerly. Cobalt, zinc, lead, silver, gold,
&c., are likewise met with in Sweden. Marble quarries have been opened
at different places. Coal has been discovered only in the S.; the old
mine near Helsingborg is of very inferior quality, but fresh coalfields of a
more promising description have been found in Scania (Hdganas, Vallakra,
Eslof, &c.), and are now being largely worked.
The Forests of Sweden cover 4-7ths of the whole surface of the country.
These are chiefly of pine and flr; but in the N. the birch grows in great
abundance. In the centre the pine and flr are intermixed with ash,
willow, lime, and maple; and in the S. with oak, beech, yoke-elm, &c.
Tirnber is largely exported from the Baltic ports, the rivers running into
that sea are studded with saw-mills, and the manufacture of carpentry
and export of deals, sleepers, pit-props, &c., is a source of considerable gain.
The Climate., from the great extent of the country, of course varies con¬
siderably. Upon the whole it is less mild than those parts of Norway
which in the same latitude lie upon the western side of the great Scandi¬
navian chain of mountains. In the N. the whole surface of the country is
covered with snow and ice for flve or six months in the year, and even in
the central and southern parts the lakes and rivers are frozen as late as
April. Vegetation sometimes bursts forth so rapidly in the spring, that the
snow has scarcely disappeared before the great variety of Scandinavian
flowers appear in all their loveliness. For this reason the month of May is
the most delightful in the S. and centre of Sweden. The weather, both in
summer and winter, is steadier than in England. The mean annual tem¬
perature at Stockholm is 41*93° Fahr.; during the 6 winter months 29*4°.
The warm summers, and cold but dry winters, are very enjoyable. At
Stockholm the longest day is I 85 h., and the shortest nearly 6 h. On the
21st of June the sun rises at 2*45 a.m., and sets at 9*17 p.m., and there is
no real darkness throughout the night.
The Population, according to the census of 1880, was 4,565,668 ; an in¬
crease of about 500,000 in 10 years. Between 1867 and 1869 it had
diminished, owing to emigration, from 4,195,681 to 4,158,757. Generally
it rises a little more than one per cent, during every year.
Sweden. § 11. history, 27
§ 11. Historical Notice.
There are four great periods in Swedish history : first, during the Pagan
age, from the earliest times to the end of the 11th century ; 2nd, from the
,establishment of Christianity as the religion of the country, in the 11th
and 12th centuries, to the accession of Gustavus Wasa in 1523 ; 3rd, her
glorious age under the Wasa dynasty, and their immediate successors, to
1718 ; and, 4th, from that time to the present.
The early history of Sweden is even more obscure than that of Norway
or Denmark. Scandinavia generally is noticed by Pliny, Tacitus, and other
authors of high antiquity; but the most authentic records which exist
respecting it are the ancient laws and the historical works written by
Saxo Grammaticus, in Denmark, and Snorro Sturleson in Iceland.
Sweden was, when it first appeared in history, inhabited by two af¬
filiated branches of the great Gothic tribe, Svear, or Sviar^ and Gotar, and
divided into a great number of small kingdoms. According to the Sagas,
the first Empire of the Svear was founded by the most celebrated of the
Pagan gods Odin, and confined to a small territory around the lake
Malaren, of which the capital was Sigtuna.
Niord succeeded Odin, as prophet, priest, and king, and was followed
by his son, Freyer, who removed his capital from Sigtuna to Upsala, where
he built a temple, which became the most celebrated spot for Pagan worship
in the North. Freyer’s surna?me of Yngve became the proudest distinctions
of his descendants, who were thenceforth called Ynglingar. But very few
members of the dynasty of the Ynglings died a natural death. Most of
them fell in battle, or by their own hands, or were murdered by their
subjects ; and one of them, Domald, was sacrificed on Odin’s altar, to
propitiate the gods in a year of famine.
The kings of Upsala were the most respected in Sweden, and gradually
extended their empire over all the country. Every province nevertheless
preserved its different laws and its own administration of justice; the
king’s power being restricted^to watch over the internal and external peace.
Christianity appears to have been first oi 3 enly preached in Sweden by St.
Ansgar, during the reign of Bjorn I., in the 9th century ; but the long line
of Sweden’s Pagan kings only terminated with Eric the Victorious, who is
said to have himself at one time embraced Christianity. His son and suc¬
cessor Olaf, surnamed Skotkonung (^Laphing), because he was proclaimed
king elect while yet a baby on his mother’s lap, or sometimes Skatt-king, a
king who takes skatt (taxes), became the first Christian sovereign, having
been publicly baptized at Husaby in West Gotland by St. Sigfrid from
England, about the year a.d. 1008; during his reign many churches
were built, but Sweden may not yet be regarded as a Christian state.
Sweden,
28 § 11 . HISTORY.
as paganism prevailed in the country for more than one hundred years
afterwards.
During nearly the whole of the first three centuries of the Christian era
in Sweden, continued disputes and warfare arose between the Swedes and
Goths for the possession of the supreme authority. These dissensions ulti¬
mately terminated in favour of the Swedes, whose sovereigns assumed the
title which is in use at the present time—“ King of the Swedes and Goths.”
Sweden’s greatest king during the Middle ages was Magnus I., who reigned
15 years, from 1275. Prior to his accession the country had been con¬
tinually distracted by intestine commotions, and the despotic conduct of
the nobles was most oppressive upon the peasants. His wisdom, firmness,
and justice enabled him to crush these disorders, and to bestow upon his
subjects the blessings of tranquillity and order. During the reign of his
successor, Birger, his able and patriotic minister, Thorkil, caused a law to
be passed against the sale of slaves, on the ground that it was in the highest
degree criminal for Christians to sell men whom Christ had redeemed hy
His hlood. This noble truth Sweden has the immortal honour of having
promulgated and established in the early part of the 14th century ; a
truth which was not practically recognised in England with respect to the
Negro race for upwards of 400 years afterwards.
The dissensions which again distracted the country after the death of
Magnus, finally terminated in 1389 by the defeat and capture of the
Swedish king, Albert, and the crown of the Swedes and Goths was united
with those of Denmark and Norway upon the brow of Margaret, known as
the Semiramis of the North. It was, however, not until several years after
this event that all Sweden was finally reduced to her sway. In 1397 she
convoked the States, and caused the celebrated compact, properly only a
draft, to be entered into between Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, known
as the Treaty of Kalmar. The leading objects were—to maintain the
union in perpetuity of the three kingdoms under one sceptre ; to preclude
either of them from making war upon the other ; and to form an alliance
defensive and offensive in the event of war with any foreign power.
Margaret was succeeded, in 1412, by Eric of Pomerania, who married
Philippa, daughter of Henry IV. of England. During the king’s absence
in Sweden she heroically and successfully defended Copenhagen, when
besieged in 1428.
The Union of Kalmar was maintained with difficulty for little more
than a century ; the flames of discord which arose from it in Sweden were
for a moment quenched in the blood of numbers of her most illustrious
citizens, who were massacred by the orders of Christian II., under circum¬
stances of the greatest treachery and barbarity. Amongst the slain was
Eric Wasa, a senator, and of an ancient family in Sweden. But his son.
Sweden.
29
§ 11 . HISTORY.
Gustavus Ericson Wasa, lived to avenge his father’s blood and his own
wrongs, and, by his courage and commanding talents, to found a new
dynasty. After incurring the greatest dangers and hardships in Dalecarlia,
he at length succeeded in rousing the people to take arms against their
oppressors, and under his guidance the Danes were finally driven out in
1523. At a meeting of the States in the same year he was elected king,
and with that election terminated the fatal Union of Kalmar.
The accession of Gustavus Wasa to the throne formed a new era of the
highest importance in the history of Sweden. The leading feature in the
records of the country throughout the Middle Ages, was the frequent
struggles of the people to regain that power and influence which their
ancestors had enjoyed under the free institutions of the Pagan age and
which had been gradually encroached upon by the nobles, the clergy, and
the crown. Gustavus owed his elevation to the people. The power
and influence of the nobles and of the clergy, and the great wealth of the
latter, were amongst the first objects to command his attention. Policy,
and also conviction, speedily made him a convert to the doctrines of
Luther; and at a convocation of the States in 1527, after exposing the
abuses of the Romish Church, he succeeded in obtaining an act which, in
effect, abolished the Roman Catholic as the national faith, as it gave the
crown unlimited power over the church and its property. At one blow
Gustavus swept away two-thirds of her revenues, most of which he
annexed to the crown, or distributed amongst his supporters and the nobles
whom it was his interest to conciliate. Thenceforth the whole efforts of
Gustavus were directed to the consolidation of his power ; and while his
extraordinary ability and industry enabled him to develop the resources
of the country i to an astonishing extent, he at the same time crushed
all opposition as it arose, and eventually succeeded in establishing a
despotism unexampled in the annals of the nation. In 1544 he prevailed
on the States to decree the crown hereditary in his family. He was thrice
married, and died in 1560, in his 76th year. He w^as buried in the cathe¬
dral at Upsala, and his memory is held in the greatest veneration by the
Swedes as the founder of the most glorious period of their history.
Gustavus was succeeded by his eldest son, Eric XIV., who was alike
wanting in the courage and abilities of his father. After soliciting the
liands of our Queen Elizabeth, Mary Queen of Scots, a Princess of Lorraine,
and also of Hesse, he ended his matrimonial projects by marrying his
mistress, who was the daughter of a peasant. His stormy and cruel reign
was terminated in 1568, when he was deposed by his brother John, by
whose orders he was finally made to swallow poison, after an imj)risonment
of ten years.
Durin<^ the reign of John unsuccessful efforts were made by him to
O O
30
Sweden,
§ 11 . HISTORY.
induce tlae people to again reform the Church in Sweden and return to
the ancient Christian faith. He married Catherine, the daughter of
Sigismund II. of Poland. Their son, Sigismund, became King of Poland,
and he, upon the death of John in 1592, also inherited the crown of
Sweden. By his own imprudence in attempting to force the Romish
faith upon the people, and the stern opposition of his uncle Charles,
his short reign of eight years was terminated in 1600, by the States
renouncing their allegiance to the king, and he and his descendants became
excluded from the crown. Sigismund was succeeded by his uncle,
Charles IX., the youngest son of Gustavus Wasa, and in many respects
like his great father: an able, though severe ruler, zealous in promoting
industry and commerce, and bravely defending his country against her
enemies. Reverses in a war with Denmark accelerated his death, which
took place in 1611.
To his son and successor, Gustavus II., usually known as Gustavus
Adolphus, and grandson of Gustavus Wasa, it was reserved to raise the
martial glory of Sweden to a point it had never before attained. Elevated
to the throne at the early age of 18, but gifted with principles, firmness,
and military genius of the highest order, he speedily attracted the attention
of all Europe. Victorious alike in Denmark, Poland, and Russia, in 1628
he was invited by Protestant Europe to place himself at its head, in order
to arrest the vast scheme of Austria, to restore the Papal supremacy
throughout Christendom. His career of glory justified their choice, and
it only terminated with his death at the battle of Lutzen in 1632.
Gustavus was succeeded by his infant daughter, Christina, then only six
years old ; but the high political and military position which their late
adored king had enabled them to take was nobly maintained by the gallant
Swedes, under the able statesmen and generals who had been brought up in
his school. The first man of the regency during the minority of Christina
was Axel Oxenstjerna, the friend of Gustavus II., and the greatest
statesman of Sweden. The Thirty Years’ War was at length terminated
by the peace of Westphalia in 1648. That treaty was most glorious for
Sweden, whom the war had raised from an obscure State to be one of the
first of European kingdoms. The licentious reign of Christina terminated
in 1654, by her voluntary abdication in favour of her cousin (the son of
her father’s sister by the Count Palatine), and, after abjuring the Pro¬
testant faith, she ended her scandalous career at Rome, a career which
her father’s memory induces the Swedes to regard with too much in¬
dulgence.
During his short reign of six years Charles X., surnamed Gustavus, was
continually involved in war. Possessed of the greatest military talents,
and desirous of emulating the glorious reign of his heroic uncle, his disputes
Sweden.
§ 11 . HISTOET.
31
with Poland, Knssia, and Denmark successively involved Sweden in wars
with those and other countries. His daring act of crossing with his army
upon the ice of the Great and Little Belts, during the winter of 1657, is
one of the most daring military feats upon record, and it enabled him to
dictate his own terms to the Danes at the gates of their capital, by which
the provinces of Skane, Halland, Blekinge and Bohus were finally incor¬
porated with Sweden, giving her the sea as a natural boundary to the south
and the west as far as Norway. An early death put a stop to the king’s
victorious career in 1660, and in compliance with his wishes, peace was
concluded upon honourable terms, soon after his death, with all the enemies
of Sweden, and a period of repose at length was obtained to recruit her
exhausted resources. By the Swedes Charles X. is justly esteemed one of
their greatest kings, and his untimely death as one of the worst blows that
the national interests have ever sustained.
His son and successor, Charles XI., reigned 37 years. During his minority
peace was maintained, but from 1672 the country was continually involved
in wars which again called forth her energies, but by which her integrity
was preserved, and the conquests made by Charles X. from Denmark were^
maintained. Nominally, the power of the Swedish kings had been very
limited, all the most important acts of government resting with the senate
or Diet. Much depended upon the personal character of the sovereign ; the
enterprising and successful ruled with absolute authority, while those less
fortunate were compelled to bend to the voice of the senate. In the time of
Charles XI., the liberties of the burghers and the peasantry had become
crushed by the aristocracy ; but the preponderance of the noble families
received a rude shock by the calling in of all grants made to them in
former times by the crown, rendering many destitute, and impoverishing
all; while the finances of the kingdom were rehabilitated thereby, and
the crown made paramount, the king obtained an absolute power—a power,
which, under his son and successor, Charles XIL, plunged Sweden into an
abyss of ruin.
I His reign commenced in 1697. Invested with absolute sovereignty at
the early age of 16, Russia, Poland, and Denmark combined to strip him
of a large portion of his dominions. The martial character of Charles XH.
instantly displayed itself; inured to the hardest exercises and humblest fare,
he assumed the command of his troops and led them to a succession of
triumphs, in which he crushed his enemies in detail, and with a rapidity
before unheard of in the annals of war. At this period the Czar Peter
seized the Baltic provinces of Sweden. When Charles at last turned
against Russia, his splendid army was finally destroyed at Pultowa in
1709, and he with difficulty escaped into Turkey. With the destruction
32
11 . HISTORY.
Sweden.
of the Swedish armies in Russia 1709, the glorious period of Swedish
history ends, as she thenceforth sunk into a second-rate power. Charles
remained in Turkey nearly five years, during which almost all his domi¬
nions E. of the Baltic had heen wrested from him by his enemies. The
career of this heroic visionary ended with Iris being shot during his siege
of Fredrikshald in 1718. Upon the death of Charles, the senate and the
Diet abolished the despotism of the crown, and elected his sister Ulrica
Eleonora (consort of the Prince of Hesse) as queen, upon her engaging to
guarantee the new constitution which was framed. The executive power
was placed in the hands of the council, where the king had only two
votes. The council itself was responsible before the states of the Diet, and
these governed quite absolutely. The country was torn by contentions
between two political parties, “ hats ” and “ caps.” By negociation peace
was obtained for Sweden, and a portion of her territories E. of the Baltic
was restored. In 1720 the queen resigned, and was succeeded by her
husband, Frederic I. During his reign war again ensued with Russia.
At his death, Adolphus Frederic succeeded in 1751, in whose reign
a disastrous war with Prussia occurred, and the internal repose of the
'^country was continually disturbed by troubles, fomented by Russia, France
and England, the crown and the Diet mutually striving for supremacy.
Upon the death of Adolphus Frederic in 1771, he was succeeded by
his son Gustavus III,, who was heroic, enterprising, and a patron of
literature, science, and the arts. Profiting by the discontent of the country
about the troubles in the Diet, the king succeeded by his popularity among
the soldiers and the inhabitants of Stockholm in making a revolution
without bloodshed, and the Diet was obliged to assume a new constitution,
which placed the powers of the crown upon a more just footing. Much
dissension and dissatisfaction, however, arose, principally in consequence
of a new extension of the royal power in 1789, and in 1792 the king
was assassinated at a ball at the opera-house. The reign of his unfortunate?
capricious, and obstinate son, Gustavus VI., involved the country in war
with France and her allies, which resulted in the final dismemberment of
two of Sweden’s finest provinces, Finland and Pomerania. The distress
and discontent entailed by the continued disasters of the Swedish arms ended
in a conspiracy; in 1809 the king was arrested, forced to abdicate, and the
Diet excluded his issue from the throne. He was subsequently allowed
to quit Sweden with his family. He died in 1837 at St. Gallen in
Switzerland.
His uncle, the Duke of Sbdermanland, was raised to the throne in 1809
as Charles XHI., and a new constitution, again to some extent limiting
the powers of the crown, was decreed. The throne was also declared here-
Sweden.
§ 11 . HISTORY. 33
ditary, with limitation to the male issue; the sovereign to profess the
Lutheran religion. The king leaving no issue, upon the sudden death of
the first chosen prince royal, in 1810, one of Napoleon’s oldest generals,
Marshal Bernadotte, Prince of Ponte Corvo, was elected Crown Prince of
Sweden. Born at Pan, in the Lower Pyrenees, in 1764, and the son of a
notary there, he entered the army at fifteen, and fought his way from the
ranks to the highest honours Napoleon could bestow upon him. In 1798
he married Desiree Clary, daughter of a considerable merchant at Mar¬
seilles, and sister to the wite of Joseph Bonaparte. The tyranny of
Napoleon induced the Swedes in 1812 to join the coalition against him.
Norway was guaranteed to Sweden, and her troops, under Bernadotte,
greatly contributed to the successes of the allies in Germany during the
campaigns of 1813 and the following year, which terminated in the French
being finally driven across the Ehine. In 1814 the Norwegians elected
Charles XIII. as their king, and he died in 1818.
Bernadotte then ascended the thrones of Sweden and Norway as Charles
XIV., and the successful efforts which he made to develop the resources
of his dominions and to ameliorate the condition of the lower classes, are
not amongst the least meritorious services of his long and active life, which
ended in 1844.
His son Oscar I. ascended the throne in that year, and never did any
king more conscientiously devote all his energies to advance the welfare of
his subjects. On his death, in 1859, he was succeeded by his eldest son
Charles XV., who died 1872, and was succeeded by his brother Oscar 11.
For the Royal Family, see §13.
Norway in the Middle Ages, and Sweden under the dynasty of Gus-
tavus Wasa, have had glorious epochs in their history; each has, in its
turn, been more powerful than it is now, but never has either of them
enjoyed the same prosperity or internal tranquillity as under the dynasty
of Bernadotte. A period of peace, extending over more than half a
century, has not only healed the wounds inflicted through the disastrous
wars of Gustavus IV., but by leading the energy and ambition of the
nation into more profitable paths, has served to develop the resources
of the country in agriculture, manufactures, and commerce to a degree
never before attained; has given encouragement to arts and sciences, objects
of solicitude to an enlightened government; and has been productive of a
large number of useful reforms, foremost among which may be mentioned
the remodelling, in the present reign, of the representative system, in
harmony with the liberal spirit of the age.
\_Sweden.'\
D
34
§ 12 . GOVERNMENT.
Sweden,
§ 12. Government.
The fundamental Laws are four in number. The Constitution of 1809,
the Law of Succession of 1810, the Press Law of 1812, and the Kepresen-
tative System of 1865. According to these laws, Sweden is a constitutional
monarchy, hereditary by primogeniture in the male line alone. The exe¬
cutive power is vested in the Crown, the legislative is exercised by the king
and the chambers jointly?, so that measures may be initiated by either, but
do not become law without the approbation of the Diet in the one case, or
the assent of the king in the other. The A;w^must be a Lutheran, and his
person is inviolable ; the ministers are responsible to the Diet, which has
the power of appointing a special judiciary committee to try one or more of
them on grave occasions. The king is commander-in-chief of the land and
sea forces, makes treaties with foreign powers, and decides on war or peace,
after consulting with the Council of State in full assembly. He is also the
last instance of appeal in judiciary matters, which prerogative is delegated
to a Supreme Court of Justice, besides other attributes of sovereignty.
The Diet is composed of two Chambers, co-ordinate in competence and
authority, which meet in ordinary session every year on the 15th of
January. Candidates for the first Chamber are elected, each for a term of
nine years and without remuneration, by the provincial assemblies in the
proportion of one for every 30,000 inhabitants. They must have attained
35 years of age, and for three years previously have paid taxes on 80,000 kr.
(or £4444) worth of property, or an annual income of 4000 kronor or £223.
Their number is 137. Candidates for the second Chamber must have
completed their 25th year and possess real property, taxed to a value of
1000, or an annual income of 800 kronor, or £45. They are elected for a
period of three years each, either directly by the voters of the different
constituencies, or indirectly, by means of electors, delegated by the con¬
stituents. The second Chamber consists of 206 members ; 64 of whom
are elected by the towns, and 142 by the rural districts. The session lasts
generally about 4 months, and each member of the second Chamber
receives 1200 kronor, or £67, besides travelling expenses, to defray the
cost of his attendance. Members of the Council of State have access to
the Chambers and are free to take part in the discussions, but do not vote,
except when serving on committees. Bills passed by both Chambers
constitute resolutions of the Diet; if the Chambers disagree, the measure
in question falls through for that session, except in questions of finance,
which, in such a case, must be decided in a joint committee consisting of
both Chambers. The total revenue of the kingdom slightly exceeds 4
millions sterling. The National Debt is about 12 millions sterling, and
is being paid off by means of sinking funds.
Sweden.
35
§ 12 . GOVERNMENT.
Religion. —The Lutheran form of religion is that of the established
church, to which most of the functionaries of the State are required to con¬
form, but all sects are tolerated. The country is divided into 12 bishoprics,
the diocesan of Upsala holding the rank of Archbishop; the whole esta¬
blishment comprises about 3200 clergy, for the most part highly educated
and exercising considerable influence in society, but often miserably paid.
Matters ecclesiastical are discussed in convocation, subject to the decision of
the Crown. The number of members of other creeds than Lutherans
amounts to less than ten thousand, mostly Baptists and Jews.
Public Instruction. —The education of the people, of all classes, is greatly
cared for in Sweden; it is rare to meet with an adult, even among the
lower classes, who does not know how to read and write. In every parish
there are one or more primary schools, and where the area is large and the
population sparse as in the north (the parish of Gellivara is as large as the
whole kingdom of Wirtemberg) these schools are made ambulatory, so as to
reach all the children in rotation. In the year 1878, the primary schools
numbered 9181, attended by 664,772 children of both sexes, receiving in¬
struction from 5031 male, and 5183 female teachers and 98 per cent,
of all children between eight and fifteen years were at school. The
latter had been qualified at 12 seminaries, which were at the time attended
by 463 pupils. In about 80 high schools, more than 700 masters imparted
a more extended teaching to 16,534 scholars. The highest degree of
learning is acquired at the two universities, of which, in 1864, Upsala had
83 professors and 1244 students; Lund, 62 professors and 432 students.
The numbers of students have since increased to 1500 at Upsala, and 650
at Lund. Besides these, a great number of public schools and institutions
supply instruction in special branches of education. Moreover, there exist
various academies of sciences, art, literature, &c.
The Public Press is free, but every man is responsible, according to law,
for what he publishes. Imputations of offence are referred in each case
to a jury of nine, chosen respectively by the prosecutor, the accused, and
the court; and the verdict, as to guilty or not guilty, brought in by two-
thirds of the jury is final. There are about 150 newspapers in Sweden.
Justice. —For administrative purposes the country is divided into 24 Ldn,
or shires, which are subdivided into 117 Fbgderier, or bailiwicks, each
i comprising one or more Hdrader, or hundreds. To each Lan there is a
i governor appointed, who is charged with its civil administration and the
: collection of the revenue. The capital is under a separate administration.
1 Courts of first instance are the Harad-courts in the country, presided over
by a judge, who is assisted by 12 peasant landowners ; in towns the courts
j; of council, composed of the burgomasters and town-councillors. Superior
j courts, bearing the name of Hofrdtt^ form the second instance: one at
Sweden,
3G § 12. GOVERNMENT.
Stockholm for Sweden proper and Norrland; one at Jdnkdping for Got¬
land, and one at Christianstad for the provinces of Skane and Bleking. The
highest instance is the Supreme Court of the King, presided over by the
chancellor of justice in the perpetual absence of the king himself. There
is, besides, a hofriitt for the forces by land and sea. All Swedish law-
courts are permanent, except the hiirad-courts, which sit once, twice, or
three times a year, according to circumstances.
The Army is composed of four classes, viz., the Vdrfvade, or enlisted
ti’oops; the Indelta, or national militia; Bevdring or conscription troops; and
the militia of Gotland. The first are amongst the most martial-looking
troops in Europe, and comprise a force of about 34,000 men, about 4000 of
which are artillery and 5000 cavalry. The Indelta number 23,734, and
consist chiefly of infantry. The indelta system was established by
Charles XI. and is peculiar to Sweden. The country is divided into mili¬
tary districts, and the proprietors of the land within those districts provide
and keep the men, each having a certain portion of land, with dwelling, ^c.,
assigned to him, which in time of peace, and when not called out for the
annual review or other service, he cultivates for himself; otherwise the
peasant himself must supply the labour. The men have sometimes been
employed in making roads, or on other public works. Their officers had
previously allotments of land from the Crown for their sustenance. Thus
has been created an army of warriors, cultivators, and fathers of families,
attached by indissoluble bonds to their native country. The Bevaring
consists of 125,385 troops, consisting of 116,000 infantry, 4000 cavalry,
5000 artillery, and 385 officers. The militia of Gotland is a force of
8500 men, which is not compelled by law to serve beyond the confines of
Gotland. The total army of [Sweden numbers 202,783 men, with 6646
horses, and 258 guns.
The Navy is divided into three classes, viz., the Koyal Navy, the Naval
Beserve, and the naval Bevdring. The latter numbers 20,000 men. The
fleet consists of 4 monitors, each mounting 2 powerful guns; and 10 gun¬
boats, each mounting a large gun. Of unarmoured steamers there are 1
frigate, 4 corvettes, 18 gunboats, 3 transports, and 1 torpedo-boat. Also
floating batteries, mortar-boats, &c., for coast defences. In all 121 vessels,
carrying 5672 men, and 274 guns, with a total horse-power of 15,921.
The volunteer movement was formerly very popular, but is now falling
off, except in the greater towns, in addition to which all boys, of a certain
age, frequenting the public schools in town or country, are now, as part
of their education, drilled by competent masters, and instructed in the
use of arms.
Orders of Knighthood. —Of the 5 Swedish decorations, that of the Sera¬
phim is the highest, and only bestowed upon crowned heads and persons of
Sweden. § 13. royal family.—the people. 37
the greatest distinction. The Knights of the Sera])him, as such, become
knights of all the other orders. The I'oIqt Stciv is chiefly confined to
men of science and of the clerical and legal professions. The Swovd is for
military and naval services ; the Wasa for agriculturists, manufacturers,
&c.; and Charles XIII. is confined to freemasons. All these orders, with
the exception of the Seraphim, are so extensively bestowed that they are
not held in any particular esteem.
§ 13. The Koyal Family. The People.
The present king, Oscar II., born 21st January, 1829, succeeded his
brother 18th Sept., 1872, as “King of Sweden and Norway;” married
6th June, 1857, to SophicL Wilhelmina Mariana Henrietta, Princess of
Nassau, born 9th July, 1836; issue four sons : Oscar Oustavus Adolphus,
Duke of Wermland, born 16th June, 1858, heir apparent, married 1881 to
Victoria, Princess of Baden, issue, Gustavus Adolphus, Duke of Scania,
born 1882; Oscar Charles Augustus, Duke of Gotland, born 15th Nov.
1859; Oscar (7Aa?7es William, Duke of West Gotland, born 27th Feb. 1861;
and Eugene Napoleon Nicolaus, Duke of Nericia, born 1st Aug. 1865.
Other members of the royal house are: the king’s brother, Nicolaus
Augustus, Duke of Dalecarlia, born 24th Aug. 1831, and married 16th
April, 1864, to Theresia Amalia Carolina Josephina Antoinetta, Princess
of Saxe-Meiningen, born 21st Dec. 1836 ; the king’s sister. Princess Char¬
lotte Eugenia, born 1830.
InhLabitants. —The population in 1880 amounted to 4,565,668. With
few exceptions the inhabitants of Sweden have a common origin and
a common language, although exhibiting considerable local diversities.
In the richly-cultivated f)rovince of Skane, with its numerous churches,
manors and castles, fine homesteads and teeming population, the farmers
are puffed up with their prosperity, labourers highly fed, and the
pronunciation drawling. Their neighbours in the comparatively meagre
regions of Smaland are, on the other hand, quick of speech, active,
pugnacious, and like the countrymen of West Gotland, much addicted
to trade and mechanical arts. In Wermland, Nericia, and Westman-
land, the miners and agriculturists are a hard-working, thrifty, and in¬
dependent race. Sddermanland, East Gotland, and Upland are fertile
regions ; the inhabitants of Soderrnanland are reputed to speak the purest
Swedish; a good-natured people, less proud and obstinate than their neigh¬
bours of East Gotland, less phlegmatic than those of Upland. The Dale-
carlian and Norrlander, to whose distant abodes modern civilisation, with
its improvements and its drawbacks, advances more slowly, retain much of
the old-fashioned ways of their forefathers in manners and life, including
38 § 14 . PEODUCTivE INDUSTRIES. Sweden.
the old honesty of character, which has become somewhat impaired further
south. The Dalecarlians not only cling with tenacity to their ancient
customs and costumes, but speak a language of their own among themselves,
the old northern tongue, not understood in the adjacent provinces.
Higher up in the north, the Laps wander about with their herds of reindeer,
doomed to extinction, and scarcely reminded, by faint traditions in their
uncouth tongue, of a time when their remote ancestors were undisputed
masters of the land. Their number is about 6600; the number of Fin¬
landers in Northern Sweden, 16,500.
Notwithstanding all minor differences, however, the Swedish nation is
distinguished as a whole by many general characteristics. The nobility is
numerous, but mostly poor, and since the reform of the representation,
of no political preponderance as a body. The middle classes, which in our
day exert an increasing influence on the destinies of states, differ little, if at
all, from those of other countries ; but the root and stem of the social tree—
the peasants—never have submitted, in Sweden proper, to the heavy yoke of
serfdom or bondage, but always preserved their liberty and thereby acquired
a stamp of mind, essentially different from that produced by actual or an¬
tecedent servitude. It is among this class that the ancient characteristics
of the nation show themselves most prominently ; piety, honesty, morality,
industry, hospitality, and obedience to the law, but also mutual jealousy
and envy, ostentation, superstition, and a particular admiration of things
foreign. Wise and sound laws have, of late, put limits to the excessive
consumption of ardent spirits, formerly prevailing among the lower orders;
and while, some few years ago, drunken brawls were only too common at
posting-stations and other places, the traveller now-a-days rarely meets an
intoxicated person.
. § 14. Productive Industries.
Agriculture^ &c .—Sweden is essentially an agricultural and pastoral
country, and exports considerable quantities of corn and cattle. The soil in
many districts is, however, light, poor, and thin. There are some 5,000,000
tunnland under tillage and 4,000,000 tunnland pasturage, or about one-
ninth of the surface of the country ; the rest is forests, rocks, and waste
lands. During this century great progress has been made in cultiva¬
tion, so that in 1863 the value of arable and pasture lands was estimated
at 1,831,947,000 kr., burdened, however, with a debt of 350 millions
or 18 per cent, expended in improvements, for which there is still a very
great field. The annual production of all sorts of corn, in moderately good
years, is calculated at 100 millions of cubic feet, chiefly rye, barley and
oats, the wheat crops not exceeding 4 per cent, of the whole, besides some
60 or 70 millions cubic feet of potatoes. Considerable quantities of this
Sweden. § 14 . productive industries. 39
roo;, as well as corn, are annually consumed by the distilleries, which in
186^ produced 15,500,000 cans, yielding an excise revenue to the Grovern-
ment of 9,200,000 kr., besides mainly contributing to the licence-tax
for 'etailing spirits, rendering nearly as much more, but which sum,
with a wise liberality, is allotted to the different communes, for objects of
local atility. Peas and beans are cultivated to a limited extent, as also flax,
hemj], hops, tobacco, rape, and other seeds, beetroot, &c. Throughout
Sweden the farms are generally small, the average of arable land being
abcut 28 acres; almost all the farmhouses and outbuildings are of wood.
In some districts there are public corn magazines for times of scarcity,
the uncertainty of the climate and early frosts being serious drawbacks
to agriculture.
Horses, cattle, &c., are extensively reared, and improvements of race
P'omoted by public establishments for breeding. Great efforts are also
made to improve the breed of sheep, by importing the best kinds of stock
from England, Spain, and Saxony. As far as indicated by recent ofiicial
returns, the numbers of farm animals in Sweden may be set down at
600,000 horses, 2,000,000 of horned cattle, 2,000,000 of sheep and goats,
and 500,000 swine, or thereabouts.
Forests are of increasing value and importance in Sweden, and vast
tracts of large timber have of late become available by means of railway
transport. Wood is extensively consumed within the country to make
charcoal for smelting iron or other ores, and to supply fuel for all domestic
uses, there being little, if any, coal for such purposes produced in the
country ; also for ship-building, which is carried on in most of the towns
along the Swedish coast, for fencing, and for the manufacture of tar and
potash. Immense quantities of wood are exported to foreign countries in
the shape of timber and deals. Fir and pine are the prevailing trees in the
Swedish forests.
Mines are a considerable source of the national wealth, particularly the
iron-mines, of which the most noteworthy are Dannemora and Osterby, in
Upland; Persberg, in Wermland; Taberg, in Smaland; and Gellivara,
in the far north, a whole mountain of rich iron-ore, but difiicult of access.
Atvidaberg, in East Gotland, and Falun, in Dalecarlia, are celebrated for
their copper-mines; the latter, liowever, which has been worked for a
thousand years, is becoming gradually exhausted. Sil ver is obtained at Sala,
in Vestmanland ; likewise a very old and interesting mine. The Swedish
iron is amongst the finest in the world, and is extensively used in England
and elsewhere for making steel. All mining operations are conducted
under licences from the College of Mines. The ores being smelted
by charcoal, the leading object of these restrictions is to prevent too
great a destruction of the forests. The iron trade of Sweden is making
40
§15. COMMEKCE AND NAVIGATION.
Sweden.
steady progress. In 1878 nearly 800,000 tons of iron ore were raised ;
and the pig-iron produced amounted to 392,278 tons, the bar iror to
230,000 tons, and the steel (a gpod deal of which is made by the Besse¬
mer process) to 73,800 tons. In the same year 2983 lbs. of silver were
extracted, and notable quantities of copper, zinc, lead, nickel, and ctbalt.
Other sources of mineral wealth are oxide of manganese, coal, sulphur,
red-ochre, vitriol, plumbago, porphyry, and marble.
Fisheries .—On the west coast the take of cod, ling, mackerel, lobsters,
crabs, and oysters, is considerable ; and the herring shoals, which for many
years had almost deserted these waters, are again becoming more abundant.
In the gulfs of Bothnia and Finland great quantities are caught of a small
fish called stromming., about the size of a sprat, but more delicate in taste;
whether fresh or cured like herrings, they are highly esteemed in Swedei
and Russia. Salmon are taken in considerable abundance in nearly all the
rivers upon the coast, and the inland lakes and rivers are rich in varieti^
of fine-flavoured fish.
ManufacturesdFivt all other industries in Sweden, are steadily progressing.
From 857 manufactories, j^roducing goods to the value of 13,174,000 kr.
in 1830, the number had increased to 2473 in 1863, and the value of
their produce to 66| millions, in which sum the Motala engine-factory
alone figures for 6 millions of kr. Among the other principal establish¬
ments of this kind may be mentioned woollen and broadcloth, tobacco,
leather, iron and steel manufactories, cotton and paper mills, cannon
foundries, sugar refineries, &c. The total value of manufactured articles
rose in 1866 to 83,748,500 kr.; but considerable quantities of foreign
goods are likewise imported for use.
Domestic manufactures are much pursued among the country people, the
long and rigid winter season, with its dark nights, engendering the habit
of in-door employment. Thus, the peasant’s clothing, implements, and
household goods, are in great part the work of his own hands and those
of his family, and costing nothing for labour, compete, to a great extent,
successfully with factory-made goods, however cheap. The articles are
necessarily of the simplest, but generally well made, as instanced by the
furniture of Halland and elsewhere, the clocks of Mora and grindstones of
Orsa in Dalecarlia, the flagstones of Oland, the woollen and cotton fabrics,
iron-wire and basket-work of Elfsborg, the linen fabrics of Norrland, &c.,
in which no inconsiderable amount of inland trading is carried on.
§ 15. Commerce and Navigation.
The foreign trade is chiefly confined to exports of iron and steel, timber
and deals, corn, copper, tar, lucifer-matches, &c.; and to imports of sugar.
Sweden.
41
§ 16. LITERATURE, &C.
coffee, and other colonial products, wines, oil, salt, hides, tobacco, cotton,
wool, silk, coal, &c.; and is carried on principally with Great Britain, the
United States, France, Holland, Lubeck, Hamburg, and Denmark. In
1830, the total value of imports and exports amounted to 45,600,000 riks-
dollars ; in 1866, it had risen to 220,000,000. In 1873, the aggregate
value of Sweden’s Imports was 271,000,000 kr., of which 95,000,000
came from Great Britain; and of exports^ 222,000,000 kr., of which
131,000,000 were taken and paid for by Great Britain. Both the imports
and exports have more than doubled during the last ten years. The
principles of free trade, predominant of late years, especially since the treaty
of commerce and navigation concluded with France in 1865, have already
shown their beneficial influence.
At the end of 1866, the Swedish mercantile navy consisted of 293 steam-
vessels of 9500 nominal horse-power, and of 3323 sailing-vessels, measuring
together 89,559 new lasts (about 350,000 tons). Altogether, 638,610 new
lasts were required for import and export during the year, or 35,181
new lasts more than the previous year. In the coasting trade were
employed 2113 national vessels, with a burthen of together 25,811 new
lasts. At the end of 1879 the mercantile navy numbered 4327 vessels;
764 of which'were steamers, and 3563 sailing vessels ; with a total burthen
of 543,594 tons. Gothenburg has the largest amount of shipping, and
next to it Stockholm. Both the foreign and coasting trade of Sweden
are open to the vessels of all nations.
§ 16. Literature, &c.
Literature, as well as the arts and sciences, has been most successfully
cultivated in Sweden. Celsius, Eudbeck, Svedenborg, Linnseus, Scheele,
Bergman, Bellman (the Swedish Anacreon), Berzelius, Tegner, Geijer the
historian, are but a few names, picked out among a great number of
authors and men of science. In most of the large towns there are
extensive libraries, as for instance that of Upsala, with more than 200,000
volumes, and 7000 MSS.; the royal library of Stockholm, with 200,000
volumes, and 5500 MSS.; the library of Lund, with 100,000_ volumes,
and 2000 MSS. Among the museums, that of the Academy of Sciences,
at Stockholm, is remarkable for its collections. The literary and scientific
society in Upsala, Lund, and the capital, is of the most attractive and
unostentatious description. Nordenskiold and Torell are renowned as
Arctic explorers. Of architects, Sweden has had the two Kicod Tessin,
father and son, Zettervall; of sculptors, Sergei, Bystrom, Fogelberg,
Qvarnstrom, Molin ; of painters, Ehrenstrahl, Wertmiiller, Wickenberg,
Egioii Lundgreu, Wahlberg, and others. The Swedes are passionately
42 § 17 . CHURCHES. § 18 . CANALS. Sweden,
fond of music and the drama. Jenny Lind was born in Stockholm,
Christine Nilsson in Smaland, and several other Swedish nightingales
have delighted European audiences ; the students of Upsala are famous
for their concert-singing. Many of the Swedish national airs are very
charming; several considerable collections of them have been made and
published in Stockholm.
§ 17. Churches.
There are in Sweden about 2500 churches and chapels, many of them
of high antiquity, and very interesting; as for instance, the cathedral at
Upsala; the cathedral churches of Strengnas, Lund, Linkoping, and
Westeras ; the churches in the Isle of Gotland, 8 of which exist in
ruins in its capital, Wisby, and a number of others, entire or in ruins, in
the Province of Skane and elsewhere. A Swedish artist, Mr. Mandelgren,
has made a large collection of ecclesiological drawings of no ordinary merit,
which have been published, and prove how rich Sweden is in objects of
interest to the ecclesiologist.
§ 18. Canals.
With reference to her home and foreign trade, canals are of great
importance to Sweden, on account of the two Belts and the Sound being
in the hands of the Danes, who, in case of hostilities, would have the
command of these entrances to the Baltic. The object of forming a direct
water-communication from the centre of Sweden to the North Sea origin¬
ated in the early part of the 17th centy. The great difficulty to overcome
was the difference of level in the Gotha river at Trollhattan Falls, and this
was at length, though not until 1800, accomplished by blasting out of the
solid rock a canal about 3 English miles long, parallel with the river. In
18.1.9, Sodertelge canal, from Lake Malaren to the Baltic was completed, and
in 1823, the long line of canal communication was opened between the
Baltic at Sbderkoping and the great Lakes Wettern and Wenern; this,
however, necessitated the rebuilding and widening of the Trollhattan Canal,
which was accomplished in 1855, since when steamers ply regularly on
this route between Stockholm and Gothenburg. In addition to the above,
the Canal of Arhoga unites the Malaren and Hjelmar lakes, and that of
Stromsholm connects Lake Malaren with the province of Dalecarlia by the
Lakes Barken. Dalslands Canal and Sefie Canal connect the Lakes of
Dalsland and Wermland with Wenern and Gotha Canal.
Sweden. § 19 . postal and telegraph service. § 20. books, &c. 43
§ 19. Postal and Telegraph Service.
The telegraph is in much more common use than in England; the wires
ramify in every direction, even as far north as Lapland. The traveller will
find it of the greatest service in ordering rooms at hotels, berths in steamers,
or in sending forbud for horses, &c., &c.
The charge is 1 krona for 20 words in Sweden.
,, 7 kronor 92 d. for 20 words to England.
„ 1 „ 80 „ „ Denmark.
„ 2 ,, 16 ,, „ Prussia or Norway.
25 ore for every 5 words over 20.
\
There are 180 telegraph stations, and 6787 miles of line open.
From 1838 post-offices are forwarded, yearly, as many as 41,000,000
letters ; the number increases every year. The means of transit employed
consists of 120 steamers, 301,218 Swedish miles of carriage by railway,
521,290 miles by mail coaches (conveying, moreover, about 30,000
passengers), and 230,000 miles by carriers. The inland postage is 12 ore
for a single letter (under half an ounce), registering 24 ore; post-office
orders are charged 20 ore for amounts not exceeding 50 kroner, and
24 ore for sums above, up to 100 kroner, which is the highest sent in
this way. Foreign mails are dispatched daily; postage for a single letter
to every country 20 ore; Post-cards, 10 ore.
§ 20. Books and Maps..
Du Cliaillu. —‘ Land of the Midnight Sun.’ 2 vols., with map. 1882.
Hutchinson, A. —‘ Try Lapland.* 1870.
Kent, S. H ,—‘ Within the Arctic Circle.’ 1877. 2 vols.
Macgregor. —‘ Rob Roy on the Baltic.’ 1867.
Marryatt, Horace. —‘ One Year in Sweden.’ 2 vols. 1862. (Old, but
very useful and instructive.)
Powell, Baden. —‘ Canoe Travelling.’ 1871.
Bae, E .—‘ The Land of the North Wind.’ 1875.
Shairp, T. —‘ Up in the North.’ 1872.
Vincent, jun., Frarih. —‘ Norsk, Lapp and Finn.* 1881.
* Ten Years in Sweden,’ by an Old Bushman. (Wheelwright.) 1865.
Woods, F. H .—‘ Sweden and Norway.’ 1882.
‘ Long-Vacation Rambles in Norway and Sweden,’ by X. and Y., two
unknown quantities.’ 1857.
Taylor, Bayard. —‘ Northern Travel. Summer and winter pictures of
Sweden, Lapland, and Norway.’ 1858.
44
§ 21. SKELETON TOURS IN SWEDEN.
Sweden,
The Tldtahellen and Sveriges Kommunihationer (official Eailway
Guides) contain ^mall but correct maps of the railway system. M. du
Chaillu’s “ Land of the Midnight Sun ” has an extensive map of both
Norway and Sweden. An Atlas bfver Sveriges Ldn och St'dder has been
published by Dr. Loth. The fine ordnance map on a scale of 1:100,000,
Generahtahens Karta dfver Sverige^ is not yet completed; but the published
sheets, which number about 60, are highly recommended; two out of
the three plates of the Oenerallcarta bfver Sverige on the same scale
are published.
§ 21. SKELETON TOUES IN SWEDEN.
Note .—Ill sketching the following tours, the aim has been to press in as
many of the most noteworthy places and objects as can be conveniently seen
within a certain limited time, rather than to assign to each tour a separate
district. It would hardly be worth while to make a tour of pleasure in Sweden
without visiting the capital and following the course of the Gotha Canal.
These have therefore been included in each of the above tours. The routes will
indicate a great number, though necessarily not all, other interesting locali¬
ties and the way to them, for such visitors as have more time at their disposal,
or who take a special interest in sport, antiquities, geology, or other matters.
It should be borne in mind that, in planning a tour through any part of
Sweden, in which it is designed to make use of steamers or other public
conveyances besides railways and post-horses, attention must be paid to
the days of the week on which they travel, and how one may be found to cor¬
respond with another. Without this precaution much time may be wasted, as
these means of communication are not always of daily occurrence, and some¬
times start only once a week. Moreover, they are liable to be clianged,
and the steamers, in particular, alter their times of starting as the
season advances. The following indications, therefore, although safe enough
as to their general scope, must not be depended upon absolutely in particulars,
but should be compared with the latest way-books or advertisements which
the traveller will find on arrival in the country.
During the progress of railway communication, it would be impossible to
specify with exactitude the time necessary for performing any special Tour,
because the opening of new lines somewhat affects the time-tables of lines
already open.
N.B.—Travellers in Sweden should bear in mind that the Government
Eailways employ two different time-tables for summer and winter, owing to
the severe climate. From 1st or 15th of May to 1st December the summer time¬
table is in operation: for the rest of the year the speed is slackened, owing to
frost and snow, and their effects on iron rails and wlieels, although night
and day expresses run on the main line from Stockholm to Christiania,
Gothenburg and Malmo.
Sweden.
§21. SKELETON TOURS IN SWEDEN.
45
All the branch lines have accordingly also different time-tables for summer
and vnnter ; but the time-Uble for all railways, as well as many steam-boats
may be had at every Railway Station for 10 ores; and this is published
every Saturday morning,
N.B.—The w. c. will be found scrupulously clean and airy, and to occupy
a separate building. ^
The following tours may be indicated for the guidance of English tra¬
vellers who have only a limited time at their disposal for a visit to Sweden.
Including the journey from London and back, they might occupy_
TOUR I.—ABOUT EIGHTEEN DAYS.
DAYS.
1. London to Hull by train, Friday afternoon.
2. Mail-steamer to Gothenburg.
5. See Gothenburg.
6. Canal-steamer to Stockholm. (Rail much quicker.) Trollliattan Falls
Gotlia Canal.
8. Stockholm. ^ Two or three days may be employed in seeing Stockholm
and its vicinity, parks, &c„ with drives to Ulriksdal, Haga, Solna and
Karlberg, and to Drottningholm. ’
^early train to Upsala, Visit castle, cathedral, &c. Rail to Old
Upsala and back, seeing the old church, mounds, &c. Drive to Kru-
senberg; take boat to Skokloster.
12. See the chateau of Skokloster as early as possible; the steamer from
Upsala calls at 10 a.m. A pleasant trip down the fjord to Stockholm
in time to finish the day with a drive.
13. 9 a.m. a steamer from Riddarholmen for Gripsliolm, back in the evening.
14. Early train to Gothenburg, where the steamer for Hull awaits its arrivaT.
TOUR II.—ABOUT THREE WEEKS.
This short extension of time will afford opportunities of seeing a little more
of Sweden and returning by way of the continent. The same°as Tour I. to
14th day.
DATS.
14. May be spent at Stockholm in excursions to Djurgarden, with Rosendal
and Bystrbm’s Villa, dining at Hasselbacken, &c.
15. Take ticket to Mjblbe ; change carriage at Kathrineholm; 20 minutes
for breakfast; Norrkoping, Linkoping, and Mjdlby. Railroad to
Skenninge in the evening.
16. Coach leaves Skenninge 1T5 a.m.; 4 hours to Odeshog, where the Lake
Wettern comes in view. Grenna, stop | an hour; Jonkoping, stop night.
46
§ 21. SKELETON TOURS IN SWEDEN.
Sweden.
DAYS.
17. Early train to Lund; see cathedral, &c.
18. Train to Malmd; go straight on board the Stralsund steamer, which
starts about 2 in the morning,
19. arriving at Stralsund in time for the train to Berlin. Express the same
evening to London.
TOUR III.—TWENTY-FOUR DAYS (including Wisby).
This addition of 4 days to Tour No. 2 would give the opportunity of spending
2 additional days while at Upsala, in visiting the Dannemora mines, Osterby,
&c., and of devoting 1 day more to Stockholm, in which case the excursion to
Gripsholm would have to be postponed from the Wednesday to the Sunday,
and the departure for Norrkoping to Monday morning. The fourth day would
be well spent in going over some of the manufacturing establishments in that
town, and an extra day at Linkoping also, would still bring the tour to an
end in London within the 25 days, or on the Tuesday morning following.
To Tour I. this extended term would add a week. From London by
way of Gothenburg as before.
DAYS.
8 and 9. Stockholm.
10. Excursion to Gripsholm and back.
11 and 12. In Stockholm.
13. At 6 p.m., by steamer from Riddarholmen to Wisby, 14 hours’ voyage.
Stay to explore the town and island, or proceed with the steamer to
Borgholm and Kalmar and back. Return from Wisby on 16.
17. Rest in Stockholm {Sunday).
18. Morning by train to Rosersberg on the Upsala line; see the palace, and
continue by steamer from the nearest landing-place to Upsala.
19. To Old Upsala, &c., and Skokloster.
20. Steamer from Skokloster back again to Stockholm.
21. Morning by train to Gothenburg, and thence by steamer to Hull.
TOUR IV.—ABOUT TWENTY-FOUR DAYS.
Leaving London as by Tour I.
DAYS.
8. Stockholm.
9, 10, 11. See Stockholm and its environs.
12. Gripsholm and back.
13. Steamer from Riddarholmen to Upsala (Rail much quicker); see Old
Upsala, mounds, &c.
14. Rail to Dannemora; see mines. Osterby; back to Upsala.
Sweden.
§21. SKELETON TOURS IN SWEDEN.
47
DAYS.
15. Drive to Krusenberg. Eail to Sala; see silver-mines.
16. Eail to Falun, by Krylbo and Storvik; see Great Copper-mine,
17. Falun. Excursion by steamer to Ornas, Leksand, Lake Siljan to Mora
and back.
18. Excursions. Eail to Smedjebacken.
19. Steamer, by Stromsholms Canal and Lake Miilaren, in about 24 hours.
20. Stockholm.
21. To Gothenburg, by rail.
TOUE V.—FEOM FIVE TO SIX WEEKS.
Leaving London on a Monday, by way of Ostend, so as to be in Lubeck by
noon on the Wednesday, and starting from London so early in June that,
allowing 10 days for the journey to Stockholm, the traveller wiU reach
that capital before the 17th, the tour may be arranged as follows;
DAYS.
3. (Wednesday) by steamer from Lubeck to Copenhagen.
4. Cross to Malmo, stop night.
5. By train to Lund, time to see the Cathedral, &c.; to Alfvesta and Wexio.
6. Train to Kalmar. The steamer for Gotland leaves Kalmar at 4 p.m.,
and, touching at Borgholm on Oland, arrives
7. Morning at Wisby. The voyage from Borgholm is without interest, and
the night best passed in sleep. See the ruins of Wisby, and explore
the island.
10. At 7 p.m., by steamer to Stockholm.
11. Morning, arrival at Stockholm, making in all 10 days from London.
On or about the 17th of June there is usually a steamer for Haparanda,
making the passage in 72 hours, remaining there 4 days and 3 nights,
ample time for a journey up to Avasaxa, to see the midnight sun, and
returning in about 60 hours to Stockholm, together 8 days. Tliis
trip would come in somewhere between 6 additional days given to
see the capital, and so, the whole of that fortnight ended, brings us to
18. Steamer to Upsala; see Old Upsala, mounds, &c.
19. Eail to Sala; see silver-mine.
20. Back to Upsala. . Eail to Dannemora.
21. Dannemora ; see mines, Osterby, &c.
22. Eail to Getle.
23. From Gefle to Falun Great Copper-mines.
24. Excursions. Lake Siljan and back.
25. To Smedjebacken, by Eail.
26. Steamer through Stromsholms Canal and Lake Malaren to
27. Stockholm.
28. (Sunday) rest.
29. Trip to Gripsholm and back.
48
§21. SKELETON TOURS IN SWEDEN.
Sweden.
DAYS.
30. steamer from Stockholm through the Gotha Canal to Gothenburg.
33. Gothenburg to Hull.
[N.B. If later in the season, or if the traveller does not care for the
journey to Haparanda, a week may be spent from Gefle by steaming up
to Hernosand and along the beautiful Angermann river to Solleftea, re¬
turning the same way to Gefle; or an additional week may be pleasantly
employed in Stockholm ; or it may be divided between Stockholm, Norr-
koping, and Gothenburg in the following manner :—
29. Early train to Norrkoping; see Manufactories. Excursion to Finspong
and back.
30. Bail to Norsholm, where the canal-steamer touches for Gothenburg.
33. Gothenburg to Hull.]
[By prolonging this Tour a week, Excursions may be made from Gotlien-
burg to Marstrand, Sard, Bohus castle, and other places in the neigh¬
bourhood. A train also leaves Gothenburg at 11 a.m. for Johkdping,
arr. 5 p.m., and returns next day at 6’45 a.m. to Gothenburg, arr. at
1 p.m.; or a long day may be spent in going by the 6 a.m. train to Lilleskog,
exploring the Halleberg and Hunneberg, and returning, with a 2 hours’
stop at Herrljunga, to Gothenburg at 1 in the night.]
TOUR VI.—SIX WEEKS.
Omitting the midnight sun at Haparanda, a slightly modified arrangement
may be suggested for a tour of the above duration. It would include the
journey from London to Malmd, as in the previous Tour.
DAYS.
5. From Malmd to Lund by rail.
6. Train to Jdnkdping.
7. {Sunday) rest.
8. Train to Gothenburg (change at Falkdping).
9. Gothenburg.
10. Canal-steamer to Sdderkdping.
12. By coach or post-horses to Norrkdping.
13. By rail for Stockholm.
14. 15, 16. Stockholm.
17. Excursion to Gripsholm and back.
18. Steamer to Upsala; see Old Upsala, mounds, &c.
19. Rail to Sala ; see silver-mine.
20. Back to Upsala. Rail to Dannemora.
21. See mines, Osterby, &c.
Sweden,
§21. SKELETON TOUKS IN SWEDEN.
49
DAYS.
22. Gefle.
23—27. Excursion to Hernosand, Sollefte4 and back.
[N.B. Should there not be steam communication to fit in with the days
allotted for this excursion, and time be an object, proceed at once to
Falun, and divide the days between that place and Stockholm.]
27 or 28. Rail to Falun. Copper-mines.
29, 30. Excursions. Lake Siljan by steamer; Leksand and Mora.
31. Smedjebacken.
32. Stenmer, through Stidmsholms Canal and Lake Malaren, to Stockholm.
33—36. In Stockholm.
36. By steamer from Riddarholmen to Wisby.
27, 38, 39. In Wisby and the Island of Gotland.
39. Steamer from Wisby to Kalmar.
40. By steamer from Kalmar to Lubeck, about 24 hours. Lubeck to London.
TOUR VII.—TWO MONTHS
would give ample time to make a sporting tour to Lapland. Crossing the
Ohannel and visiting Brussels, Cologne, Hanover, Hamburg, Kiel, Copen-
lagen, Elsinore, and the Sound, Stockholm, and Lulea, so as to arrive at the
atter place towards the end of August. Then up the Lulea river, when a
brtnight or even three weeks would remain for the fishing and shooting at
iuickjocls:, returning home again via Stockliolm, Gotha Canal, Gothenburg,
md Milhvall Docks. Total expense of this tour for two persons would not
■xceed £150.
CIRCULAR TOURS.
Tickets for circular tours from Hamburg and Copenhagen to various parts of
Iweden may now be obtained in those cities. The following are examples of
ome of these.
Tour 1. 1st class, 199 kr. 306. 2nd class, 99 kr. 30 6.
Hamburg, Fredrikshavu, Gothenburg, Katrineholm, Stockholm, Katrineholm
vassjd, Mahno, Copenhagen, Korsdr, Kiel, Hamburg.
Tour 2. 1st class, 167 kr. 80 6. 2nd class, 131 kr. 20 6.
Hamburg, Frederikshavn, Gothenburg, Kristiania, Kil, Falun, Sturvik, Sala.
Ipsala, Stockholm, Katrineholm Mahno, Copenhagen, Korsor, Kiel, Hamburg.
Tour 3. 1st class, 135 kr. 2nd class, 104 kr. 10 o.
Copenhagen, Mahno, Katrineholm, Stockholm, Laxa, Kil, Kristiania,
[ othenburg, Fredrikshavu, Fredericia, Nyborg, Korsdr, Copenhagen.
I
\_Siceden .]
E
50
ROUTE 1. -STOCKHOLM: HOTELS, &C. ;
Sweden.
ROUTES THROUGH SWEDEN.
ROUTE 1.
STOCKHOLM AND ITS ENVIRONS.
Passin,!;’ under streets and over via¬
ducts, the train reaches
Stockholm Central Terminus in
Te^ielliacken, connected by a brid.^e
with Itiddarholmen, and less than 10
minutes’ walk from the principal ho¬
tels and the Norrbro.
Omnibuses to tlie principal hotels.
Droskey-stiiud outnde Stat. 'With
one liorse and for one or two persons,
1 kr., and 20 or. for each piece of
luggage. Between 11 p.m. and 0 a.m.
these fares are increased by one-half.
The foreman gives a ticket with num¬
ber. Porter or stadsbud at station.
Inns. Grand Hotel, Blasieholms-
hamnen, opposite the E. front of the
Poyal Palace, close to the landing-
place of the Baltic steamers, and to the
National Museum, one of the tinest
liotels in Europe, has 300 bedrooms.
Meals a la carte. Baths. A splendid
and comfortable house, .5 stories high,
in a pleasant and central x^o^ition;
good, well-managed.
In tlie Cafe' on the ground-floor
will be found Swedish and foreign
newspapers. Foreign languages are
spoken.
Hotel Rydberg, in tlie S(xuare or
“torg” called Gustaf Adolf, ojrposite
the Koyal Palace, has 120 apartments,
attendance 35 b. extra. Service a la
carte. Breakfast, with coffee or tea,
served in the private looms at GO b.
Try “Blandad Compott” at Ryd¬
berg’s.
Hotel Kung Karl, at the Brunke
berg’s tori^-, close to Ely. Stat., 120
rooms, is also good. Cuisine excellent.
“ Hotel W. 6 ” (name of a musical
society, irroxirietors of the house),
opposite the railway terminus, new,
elegant, 100 rooms, managed according
to English custom. Good.
2nd Class Hotels: Hotel Scania, 25,
Drottninggatan, with baths ; Kanan,
IG, and de la Croix, 15, Brunkeberg’s
torg; Scandinave, 1G, Norra Smedje-
gatan (a quiet street with several 2nd
class hotels) ; Frankfort, 16, and
Eeisens, 12, Skeppsbron. The prices
of apartments in these hotels are
ordinarily from 1 kr. 50 b to 3 kr.
jier day, and it is customary to give
the chambermaid and the male atten- I
dant 50 b. each x^er day if the stay be j
short, less in x^roportion if longer. j
At most of these houses dinners are
not served, but visitors take their meals
at the hotels or Restaurants, which, be¬
sides Grand Hotel, Rydberg, Kung
Karl and W. G,” the following are
the best: Hotel Pheenix, 71, Hrott-
ninggatan ; Oxierakallaren, Gustaf
Adolf’s torg; Freemasons’ tavern;
Svensson’s Kiillare, Slottsbacken, in
the city; Kahns Kallare, at Mosebacke,
with a beautiful view of Stockholm
and surroundings; and a number of
others in and around Stockholm,
where persons may dine comfortably,
for a couple of kronors, without wine.
A peculiarity in the Swedish dining¬
rooms is the side-lable, with breail
and butter, cheese, and other con¬
diments, and a decanter containing
I lima
"'yinna vikerv
'‘^“^yisbrujv^
. 'Boxt'if/ hurkm
'trcrmjsborij
SteanL
BccUs
'^arf
H uldarholiaea
HastiJlhokui
BecWitihneu
Scnlt/ {/'Biiqlish. )itrcU
W X 0 KV iff .w jM O «<*>«»«»' '/zW>
EXPLANATIONS * REFERENCES
Tfit (h'tTjtd Jtneji' shtM'tJif (^niuhnst^iteaJnerrfrvicles
1 Hotel C.6
2 Uriel Hiuiff (iul Q. 4
!i Pn nce OsauntPaljcu ey c 5
^ NaiiotuCLMuseiim, E5
5 knldcululin* ChurchOR
6 Post Office C .5
7 t'ti} Hotu'se C 4"
8 Custom Souse- E .6
8 The Bofik D .7
10 Fine -Arts .Ajxuierr^ C . 6
H ELeelrvc TelesfoapK Office
I 12 Tlu Gtrmutn (hun^i Q.G
I 13 . Post Office/ C .6
j M) Grand Hodxt E .4
15 Sot-Uhern Theettsr E 8
16 lyterecBckMe- D .5
j 17 . The rhc/citr* Di'O.nuoi 0.4
j| 111 The‘SmnllITuettre. D .4
I 19 Te/rnifu/Office E • 4
I 20 TTu £nyllsh Chi trill A*0
j 21 St Jacobs Church. D. 4
22 SiNu fivLas Gusreh D . 6
'earap.
23 blasvehxiUns Church, E. 4
21. Hceise ot'Purlut/fcenJ C .6
^ '7
BALTIC
JErsia,
Siveden. route 1. —post and telegraph offices; steamers. 51
distilled spirits (hrdnnvin), to which.
51 lost Swedish p^eiitlenien apply them¬
selves before sitting down to dinner.
Stora Sdllskapet is a club, 4, Arse¬
nals Gatan, to which gentlemen are
recommended to obtain introduction,
which can be readily had from any
leading merchant or banker. It is
most comfortable in every respect, and
has a very good cuisine, cotfee-room,
library, and Reading-room, where the
principal Swedish and foreign news¬
papers are found.
Cafes, Besides Rydberg, Rung
Karl and “W. 6,” there are the
Cafe dw Bazar at Norrbro ; the
Strdinparterren, a lovely little spot,
lielow Norrbro, with the serving
saloon under one of the arches and
plantations of trees outside, where you
may sit and watch the little steam¬
ers departing to, or arriving from the
Djurgarden park, every few minutes.
A band plays here in the summer
evenings. Berns^ in Berzelius’ park,
near the Kungstradg&rd; also with a
band on summer evenings : likewise in
the Kungstradgard itself (Karl XIII.’s
torg). Several in the Djurgarden, among
which Hasselbacken is the principal, I
where also capital dinners may be had
at moderate prices, with good wines
and iced Bavarian beer. The hours
at the restaurant’s and also at the club,
are 8 to 12 for breakfasts; 2 to 6 for
dinners; 8 to 11 for snppers.
Cafe's for ladies. Dam-Cafe’s. Most
of the pastry-cooks have a room set
apart for ladies, where coffee, choco¬
late, pitotry- wine, but not spirits, are
served, and smoking is not allowed.
The most elegant is Graf strand s,
Fredsgatan, where excellent chocolate
and pastries are served. SundelVs,
57, Drottninggatan and Berg's, 14,
Regeringsgatan, and others are also
very good.
The Dost Office in Kungsholms-
brogatan, near the Academy of Fine
Arts, and Lilia Nygatan G, open
from 8 in the morning till 9 in the
evening, and on Sundays between the
hours of 9-11 a m., 1-2 and 7-8 p.m.
Letters for town and country must be
prepaid; the former with a 6 o., the
latter with a 12 o. stamp. Foreign
letters need not be prepaid. There
are letter-boxes placed at many
street corners; those painted red. are
emptied of their contents late in the
evening.
The Telegraph Office is at No. 2,
Skeppsbron; open diy and night.
There are several branch office.s, in¬
cluding one at the Grand Hotel which
is open from 10 a.m. till midnight.
Baths, warm and cold: 3 Malm-
torgsgatan At Gainla Norrbi'o, No.
5, Nya Kungsholmbrogatan, behind
H. Rydberg, hot, cold aiid vapour
from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Sioiniming
baths in Summer for gentlemen at
Stromsborg ; for ladies at Skepsholm
and Djurgarden.
English Church Service in a Gothic
chapel, built in 1866, in Rorstrandsga-
tan, near the N. end of Drottninggatan.
Sundays at 11 a.m.
Commissionaires (Stadshud) are re¬
cognised by their wearing a round cap,
in front of which is a plate inscribed
with the word “ Stadsbud,” and num¬
bered. Whenever charged with an
errand, letter, or parcel, the commis¬
sionaire is bound to give a receipt;
the charges are 12 to 25 o. for an
errand or a letter, according to dis¬
tance ; 50 o. for a larger parcel, and
75 6. for a truck-load. There are
offices at No. 45, IMaster Samuelsgatan,
No. 3, Norrlandsgatan, and other
places, where complaints are received
in reference to miscarriages, and com¬
pensations allowed for losses up to an
amount of 25 kr. if reported within
24 hours.
Steamboats. 40 or 50 small and un¬
decked steamboats run in all directions,
E 2
52
ROUTE 1. —STOCKHOLM I
and for very small fares, across and
along the many waters that inteisect
Stockholm. There are more than 20
routes or passages on which these little
skiffs are constantly plying at fares of
a few ores (see Plan).
Steamboats daily for the Baltic and
Gulf of Bothnia, touching at the Ports ;
Getie to Haparanda, in 5 or 0 days, in-
cludmg stoppages;—to St. Petersburg
by Abo and Helsingfors, 3 times a
week, in 50 to GO hrs.;—to Stettin in
Prussia weekly; to Liiheck twice a
week, 44 hrs. The stcanars for the
Miilaren and Interior Lakes start from
the Itiddarholm.
Cabs or Droslas (Akare) stationed
in various parts of Stockholm, are
generally open, sorry vehicles, drawn
by one or two horses. A drive to any
place within the town costs 1 kr. fur
one or two persons. By the hour the
charge is for one or two persons 1 kr.
25 o. the first hour, and for every
half-hour beyond that time 75 b.
When requiring a vehicle for an excur¬
sion, it is better to order a
Livery-carriage (Hyrkusk), at Wes-
terlings, No. 0, Lilia Yattugatan, or
some other place of the same descrip¬
tion, where the tariff can be seen at
the office. These carriages, drawn by
2 horses, are well appointed; ojren or
shut, hold 2 or 4, and cost about us
much as in Paris.
Omnibuses have been superseded by
horse Tramivay carriages. The jrave-
inent is generally good, except in the
back streets. There are 3 jirincipal
lines of tramway :—
1. From the Gustaf - Adolfs-Torg,
near the Norrbro, to Kungsholmen.
2. The Eing Line {SIussen-Norr-
malui) from Slussen to the NorrGro,
thence to Eoslags Torget, past the
Adolf Frtdriks Kyrka to Salu Torget,
returning by the Klara Strand Gatau
and across the Vasahro to Siusseu.
3. The Norrbro-Djurgm’d Line from
CONVEYANCES ; HISTORY ; Sweden.
the Norrbro, or from the Norrmalms-
torg to the Djurgard.
Ministers from Great Britain, the
United States, and other great powers,
reside here. Also a British Consul.
Many articles and stores, requisite
for travellers and sportsmen, can be
obtained at moderate puices at the
“British Magazine,” Hi Nya Kungs-
holmsbrogatan, and the English firm,
which conducts this business, is
capable of giving sound intormation
about Sweden.
Tliotographer. G. Florinan, K. Hof
Photographer, No. 28, Eingsgatan.
Money-cJianger. Aug. Lindholm,
speaks English. No. 70, on the Palace
Bridge.
Porcelain Manufactories. Ebrstrand,
Bhdseholmshamnuii 4 ; Gustafsherg,
Lilia N}gatan 14.
Principal Sights .—TheEoyal Palace,
Library, and Stables (pp. 54, 55, 01) ;
the National Muteum (p. 58); the
Ethnographic Museum (p. GO); the
Eiddarholms Church (p. 50); the
Storkyrka (p. 5G); the Academy of
Sciences (p. 01).
Plistory .—Stockl lolm, witl i its 182,358
inhabitants, occupies in the present day
a considerable surface, divided, as it is,
by several intervening watercourses.
In earlier times it was chiefly confined
to what is now more strictly called the
city, comprising the middle islands in
the outlet of the lake IMularen to the
Baltic, by which piratical fleets often
had penetrated, with fire and sword,
into the heart of the country. Here,
in the 13th centy., the powerful Earl
Birger founded a stronghold, which,
from its natural position, soon became
the capital of Sweden. But ages before,
the place was famed in legend and
song, e,specially as the scene of the great
“Svia” King Ague's tragic end, who.
Sweden.
ROUTE 1. —HISTORY.
53
having, in a war with the Finns, slain
the king of that country and carried
away his beautiful daughter Skialf,
resolved to marry her and celebrated his
wedding immediately on the return of
his tieet to the entrance of the Malaren.
The king, who wore around his neck
a heavy gold-chain, brought from Fin¬
land bv one of his ancestors, and fated
to be the death of tiie greatest of the
“Ynglingar,” fell asleep, with all his
men, after the revelries, and Skialf and
her brother hung him on a tree by
that very chain, and then made their
escape back again to Finland. After
that event the place was called Agnejit.
Later on, when a fleet of Esthonian
pirates had entered the Malaren, devas¬
tating its shores, the iidiabitants of
Sigtuna hid their valuables in the
hollow trunk of a tree, or “ stock,” and
sent it afloat. When Sigtuna had been
destroyed and the pirates returned
home, this stock was found near Ag-
nefit, which thenceforth was called
Stock-sound. Be this as it may, certain
it is that Stockholm was founded and
strongly fortified by Earl Birger about
the year 1260, since which time it has
had to endure many a protracted siege
and to wiliiess events of the most
stirring character. From the 7th of
October, 1501, to the 27th March fol¬
lowing, the citadel was held against
the insurgent Swedes, by the heroic
Christina, queen of John of Denmark,
who had left her in command of a gar¬
rison of about 1000 men. That force
at length reduced by famine and the
sword to 80, slie was compelled to capi¬
tulate. Three days afterwards a Danish
armament ariived for her relief, but
only to find her a prisoner in the hands
of the Swedes.
But a still more heroic defence of
Stockholm was that conducted by
Christina Gyllenstierna, the widow of
Sten Sture, against the perfidious and
sanguinary Cliristian II. of Denmark
and his Swedish allies. After a fruit¬
less siege of 4 months in 1520, through
the intervention of two Swedish
bishops, the place was surrendered to
the king under the most solemn gua¬
rantees on his part to respect the rights
of the people. He repaid the confi¬
dence of his revolted subjects by shortly
afterwards causing many of the most
distinguished Swedes to be massacred
throughout the country. In Stock¬
holm alone 94 were executed in one
day on the Siortorg, near the ch. of
St. Nicholas; among these was the
father of the great Gustavus Wasa.
The heroic Christina was closely im¬
prisoned ; the body of her husband
exhumed and burnt. Such were the
acts which prepared the way for the
liberation of Sweden by Gustavus
Wasa, and the most glorious period
of her history; alike heroic and im¬
mortal.
Stockholm has gradually extended,
and at present consists of 3 main
divisions. The original city, budt on
3 small islands;—(a) Staden, contain¬
ing the Royal Palace; (6) Biddarliol-
men, joined it by a bridge, containing
the Riddarholm Ch., and the Parlia¬
ment-house; (c) the Helgandsholmen,
leading to Gustaf Adolphs Torg,
where are the chief hotels;—tl)e N.
suburb {Norrmalm), where are the best
dwelling-houses and shops, and the
southern suburb (Sodermalm), mostly
occupied by persons engaged in trades.
The city is connected with the N.
suburb by a handsome granite bridge,
called Norrhro, and by the new, broad
Wasa Bridge., and with the S. by two
drawbridges, through which the
shipping passes from the seaside into
Lake Malaren.
Stockholm has been justly called
“the Venice of the North.” There is
one view which strongly recalls that
of the Doge’s palace and Piazza di San
Marco. It is that of the N.E. front of
the Palace, with its square sloping
on the S.E. side, and the extensive
quay of massive granite beneath, lined
with shipping and boats and vessels
gliding about in the fjord. As a whole,
Stockholm cannot, of course, compete in
picturesque effect with the Queen of
54
ROUTE 1. -STOCKHOLM :
the Adriatic, but its situation is very
lovely.
The Palace is the great object of
attraction. Built on the highest part
of the central island, its vast and
massive walls tower above all the
neighbouring buildings. Tliis noble
structure was completed in 1753, from
designs of the Count Tessin, by his
son. The basement story is of granite :
the rest of brick, faced with sandstone.
It consists of a quadrangle of huge di¬
mensions, with wings at each corner,
two stories lower than the centre, and
which on the N.E. side enclose an ex¬
tensive terrace, laid out as a garden
and overlooking the quay and harbour.
The wings at the opposite side, with a
guard-house for the military on duty
at the Palace, form an outer court¬
yard. The general style of the archi¬
tecture is chaste, simple and massive,
and the proportions of the whole struc¬
ture grand and admirable. The inner
court-yard or quadrangle is entered by
four vaulted gateways, one in the
centre of each facade. That on the
N.W. side, facing Norrbro, is ap¬
proached by Lejonbacken, or tlie hill of
lions. It forms two broad inclined planes,
rising in opjX)site directions from the
quay and leading to a spacious platform
in front of the gate. The whole structure
is of solid granite, beautifully designed
and decorated with two colossal lions in
bronze. The view from this platform,
over the bridge. Millaren lake and the N.
suburb, is one of the finest in Stockholm.
On the S.E. side, the Slottsbacken, or
Palace hill, slopes down to the quay; a
broad esplanade by which the royal
carriages, as well as the detachment
of troops, with their full band, on pa¬
rade every day at noon, enter the palace
yard. At the top of this esplanade is
a granite OhelisT:, 100 ft. high, erected
by Gustavus IV. to commemorate the
zeal and fidelity of the citizens of
Stockholm in the war with Kussia,
1788-90, and on the quay at the bottom
stands a fine bronze statue of Gustavus
III., by Sergei, considered his best
PALACE ; THRONE-ROOM ; Sipeden.
work. It is admirably placed on the
spotwliere Gustav us landed in triumph,
1700, after the hard-fought battle of
Svensksund, and is a great ornament
to the noble quay, on which it is seen
to great advantage.
The interior of the Palace is acces¬
sible to visitors nearly every day, espe¬
cially in summer, when the members
of the royal family are mostly out of
town. Ten attendants are employed
in showing strangers about in difterent
parts of the building, which contains
516 rooms, besides kitchens, cellars, &c.
The guides expect a gratuity of 1 or
2 kr. each for a party, but are
satisfied with less from a single indi¬
vidual. The principal suites of apart¬
ments are richly decorated and orna¬
mented with pictures, sculpture, and
other objects of vertu. In the gate¬
way towards Slottsbacken, a staircase
on the left leads to the Chapel Boyal,
128 ft. by 50, with columns and enta¬
blatures of marble; the richly-sculp¬
tured pulpit is supported on figures
emblematical of the 4 Evangelists ; the
altar-piece, representing Gethsemane,
is by Bourcharclon and L’Arehevesque^
and finished by Sergei ; the paintings
on the ceiling by Taraval, Pasch, and
Ehrenstrahl. The chapel is open to
the public during divine service, like
the other churches.
On the same front is the Throne-room,
143 ft. by 51, of splendid proportions,
with sculptures by I’Archevesque,
Sergei, and Qvarnstrom, and at the
upjDer end, the Throne of silver, a
present of Magnus Gabriel de la Gar-
die to Queen Chiistina, fianked by
statues of Gustavus II. and Charles
XIV., by Bystrom. In the gateway to¬
wards the outer court, and leading to
the royal apartments, is the grand
staircase, a structure of great architec¬
tural splendour, ornamented with pil¬
lars and niches holding porphyry urns,
paintings, medallions of ancient kings,
bronze figures bearing gas-lamps, <^c.
The State apartments are 9 in number.
See the concert room, with excellent
acoustic arrangements; the audience
Sweden, route 1.—king’s apartments ; royal stables.
00
chamber, richly decorated; the grand
gallery, 162 ft. by 23, lighted with 32
lustres, and enriched with a great
number of paintings and sculptures ;
the ball-room, called the White Sea,
118 ft. by 38. The panels of polished
stucco, profusely ornamented with gild¬
ing and mirrors, give to this room, when
illuminated by its 14 lustres and 10
candelabi’as, a resplendent appearance.
This suite of apartments can be seen
any day in the week. Amongst the
otners, to which strangers are only
admitted when their royal occupants
are absent, are—
The King's grand apartments, 12 in
number, the dining-hall and others,
hung with rich gobelins tapestry, pre¬
sented by the Empress Catiierine II. of
Russia to Gustavus III.; the pillar hall,
where the conspirators assembled, who
took prisoner and dethroned Gustavus
IV.; the Victoria hall, containing,
among other things, 3 cabinets en vieux
laque, ornamented in pietra dura of
Florence, once the property of Marie
Antoinette, and a curious clock of
Norwegian manufacture; the porce¬
lain chamber, with furniture in porce¬
lain, presented by Napoleon III.; the
gallery of paintings, select works of
Scandinavian artists, among which
His Majesty Charles XV.; the Oriental
oratory, &c. The Apartments of the
late King Oscar contain the bedroom of
King Charles XIV., hung with green
silk, and preserved as it was at the time
of his death; the bedstead covered with
his old campaigning cloak. The Apart¬
ments of the Queen Dowager Josephine,
containing a handsome library, nume¬
rous second-rate objects of art and pic¬
tures, among which latter the Bologna,
collection, found in the castle of Gal-
liera, and received by Her Majesty as
a baptismal present from Napoleon I.
The last apartment in this suite is the
bath room, from which a small stair¬
case leads to the oratory, adorned with
paintings of Reni, Rubens, Vandyke,
and others, and well worth seeing.
The Kings ordinary apartments, en¬
tered from the outer court, contain a
library of 16,000 volumes, an armoury
of rare and costly weapons, many of
great historical interest; a chamber
of antiquities, containing a statuette
of Gustavus Adolphus on horseback,
in silver gilt, 2 ft. high; a Persian
chamber, in the form of a tent; an
Oriental chamber, both with appro¬
priate appointments, &c. The Queen's
apartments, as arranged by the late
King Oscar for his daughter-in-law,
are richly and elegantly decorated;
the hall of mirrors is one of the finest
in the palace; another large room is
hung with gobelins of great value.
Portraits and paintings abound in all
the rooms of the palace, and among
them may be seen many chefs-d’oeuvre
of Rembrandt, Wouvermans, Rubens,
Titian, Domenichino, du Jardin, Van
der Heist, Berghem, Ostade, Gerhard
Dow, and other celebrities. Of sculp¬
tures, Sergei’s Venus and Bystrom’s
Dancing Nymph and Hero watching
for Leander, are classed amongst their
finest works.
The public collections formerly in
the Palace of Stockholm have been
transferred to the National Museum
(see below). Descending by another
magnificent staircase,on which is placed
a colossal group modelled by Sergei,
and representing Axel Oxenstjerna
recounting to the seated figure of
History the deeds of Gustavus Adol¬
phus, the visitor reaches the terrace
gateway. The fourth gateway from
the palace yard leads out to Lejon-
backen.
The Royal Stables for 146 horses are
on the Helgeandsholm, an island be¬
tween the city and the N. suburb,
partly supporting Norrbro, and to
which besides an iron foot-bridge
leads from the Mynt-torg, at the foot
of the palace, so called because the
Royal Mint was formerly situated on
this place in a building fronted by a
portico in the Grecian style, but which
is now occupied by the Foreign Office
and other Government departments.
The stables can be seen at any time,
56 KOUTE 1 . —STOCKHOLM I CHURCHES ; Sweden.
are admirably kept, and well worth a
visit* In this place are also preserved
a number of royal coaches of ancient
construction. Behind tlie royal stables,
abutting on and fronting Norrbro, is
a kind of baznar, or row of shops for
book and music sellers, tobacconists,
a good cafe, with a foreign letter-box
outside at the corner, &c. It is in
contemplation, as the leases fall in, to
demolish not only these shops, but all
the houses on the island, and remove
the stables, substituting instead a
plantation of trees, in the style of
8tromparterren, on the other side of
the bridge, which would much improve
that beautiful site, and at the same
time greatly enhance the noble ap¬
pearance of the front of the palace,
from Gustaf Adolf's torg.
The Churches are more numerous
than handsome. In the city, that of
St. Nicholas, so named in honour of
Cardinal Breakspear, but commonly
called ‘‘ Storkyikan,” is the most
ancient. It was originally built in
1264, and rebuilt in 1726-43. It
stands on the Slottsbacken, and the
tower groups admirably with the
palace, breaking the long straight line
of the quadrangle, and adding greatly
to its picturesque effect. The view
from the tower (184 ft. in height) is
extensive, and amply repays the toil
of the ascent by its beauty. The in¬
terior of the ch. is richly decorated,
and contains 2 large pictures by
Ehrenstrahl. The fine altar-piece is
elaborately carved in ebony, and orna¬
mented with gold, silver, and ivory;
it represents the birth, passion, and
resurrection of Jesus Christ. The
tombs are numerous, both ancient and
modern; among the latter, one is
sculptured by Bystrom. Tlie helmet
and spurs of St. Olaf of Norway are
shown ; they were taken from his tomb
in Trondhjem Cathedral by Eric XIV.
In the library of the Consistory are
many precious works taken from a
convent of Jesuits at Olmiitz in the
Thirty Years’ War, now transferred to
the Eoyal Library. The Sovereigns
are crowned in this ch.
The *Eiddarliolms ch., distinguished
by its perforated cast-iron spire, on the
island of that name, is now only used
as a royal mausoleum. It is open
from 1st May to 1st Oct., Tues., Thurs.,
Sat., from 12 to 2 p.m. Charge of ad¬
mission 25 o. each person ; in summer
admittance is free on Sat. This ch. is so
highly interesting that no one should
quit Stockholm without seeing the
interior. It was formerly a famous
Franciscan convent, of Gothic archi¬
tecture, but fires and reconstructions
at various periods, and the sepulchral
chapels added to its sides, have effect¬
ually altered the original style. It is,
however, a picturesque structure, and
groups well with the adjoining build¬
ings. The ancient spire was destroyed
by lightning in 1835, and has been
replaced by another of cast-iron tra¬
cery, 302 ft. high, which, though of
light and elegant Gothic design, does
not harmonise quite so well with the
building.
The armour, trophies and mementoes
of the great wars, hitherto hung up
about the ch., are partly removed to
the National Museum.
The whole floor of the ch. is covered
with gravestones, under wLich rest the
remains of illustrious men, some with
monuments erected over them, others
with simple inscriptions, as Thorkel
Knutsson, Charles de Mornay, Ho-
genschild Bielke, and others. But the
sacred shrine here for every true Pro¬
testant is in the chapel upon the right
of the altar. There repose the mortal
remains of the chivalrous and heroic
champion of the Protestant cause, the
great Glstavits Adolphus. He died,
sword in hand and covered with
wounds, upon the field of Liitzen, I6th
November, 1632. His sarcophagus,
of green Italian marble, surrounded
with banners and trophies, bears the
appropriate inscription, Moriens tri-
umphavit, for he died as he had lived,
victorious alike over his own passions
Sweden.
ROUTE 1. -CHURCHES.
57
and the enemies of his faith and
country. In the Gustavian chapel are
also buried the remains of his queen,
Maria Eleonora; of Adolphus Frederick
and his queen Louisa Ulrika, Gustavus
III. and his queen Sophia Magdalena,
diaries XIII, and his queen Char¬
lotte, and other royal personages. See
the tomb of King Magnus, son of Eric
XII., who died 1290; King Charles,
died 1470; both in front of the altar.
In the opposite, or CaroUii Chapel,
is the tomb of the fiery Charles XII.
His sarcophagus of dark, on a pedestal
of green marble, is covered with a
lion’s skin in brass gilt, on which are
placed a crown, sceptre, and sword,
and the name Carolus XII. inscribed.
Round about hang trophies of his
various battles, including a standard
taken with his own hand in Poland.
Here also lie buried Charles X. and
his queen Hedvig Eleonora, Charles
XI. and his queen Ulrika Eleonora,
Frederick I. and his queen Ulrika
Eleonora, the crown prince Charles
Augustus, and others.
By the side of the Gustavian chapel
is one erected for tlie present dynasty,
in which rest the remains of Charles
XIV. (Bernadotte) in a sarcophagus of
Elfdal porphyry, copied from that of
Agrippa in Rome; also his queen
Desideria; King Oscar and his second
son, the young Prince Gustavus; the
late King Charles XV., his Queen and
son Karl. On the walls of the choir
are hung the shields of the deceased
knights of the Seraphim, amongst
which may be seen that of Napoleon
Buonaparte and Napoleon III.
Two of the heroes of the Thirty
Years’ War, Field-mars)lals Lennart
Torstenson and John Baner, have
separate burial-chapels on the N. and
S. sides, decorated with many standards
and other war-trophies.
The German Church, formerly the
chapel of St. Gertrude, in the middle
of the city ; its tower is being rebuilt
after a destructive tire in 1878. Here
also may be seen authentic portraits
of Luther and Melanchthon.
St. James's Cluirch, nenr the N.E.
corner of Gustaf Adolf’s Torg, is cele¬
brated for its organ, which is con¬
sidered one of the finest in Sweden.
The portico on the S. side is rich in
symbolical figures artistically executed,
and dating from the year 1(344.
St. Clara’s Church, not far from the
terminus of the Northern Railway, was
formerly a convent of Franciscan nuns,
built and endowed by King Magnus
Ladulas in 1285. Although of a sim¬
ple but massive exterior, tlie inside of
this ch. is the handsomest in Stock¬
holm. The altar-piece is by Sergei, with
a copy of Rubens’ Descent from the Cross
in the centi e, and artistically framed.
The Adolphus Frederick Church, on
the E. side of Urottninggatan, is a
handsome building in the form of a
Greek cross, with an octagon tower in
the centre. It contains a large altar-
piece in alto relieco, representing the
Resurrection and a monument to
Descartes, both by Sergei, who him¬
self lies buried in the churchyard
beneath a simple granite monument.
In the Sodermalm, or S. suburb, are
2 large churches, Maria and Catharina,
neither of which contains works of art
of much interest; but the latter is
admired for the beauty of its propor¬
tions, and being situated on a hill, its
handsome cupola. Hanked by 4 smaller
towers, is a conspicuous object. Other
churches and places of worship are,
the French Protestant church, Sohra
Humlegardsgatan, the Catholic church,
Norra Smedjegatan, the Bethlehem
Methodist church. East Beridarebans-
gatan, the Baptist church, Malmskil-
nadsgatan, the new Jewish Synagogue,
Nackstromsgatan, the liussian Greek
church, Drottninggatan.
The English Episcopalian Church is
at 24 Rdrstrandsgatan, near the top
of Drottninggatan, a handsome Gothic
edifice with spire, of sandstone, built
1866, on a rocky plateau, surrounded
on 3 sides, as in a square, by h>fty
houses. It is dedicated to St. Peter
and St. Sigfrid. With the exception
of a grant of bOl. from England, the
58 ROUTE 1 . —STOCKHOLM: NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sweden.
church is entirely dependent npon the
voluntary subscriptions of the small
congregation and of travellers visiting
the town. From 2000 to 8000 British
seamen annnally visit the port, of
whom a certain number are left behind
in the hospitals, and consequently
come under the chaplain’s charge.
The ^National Museum, on the Quai
opposite the Boyal Palace, one of the
finest bnildings in Stockholm, stands
at the S. extremity of Blasieholm, Open
on each week-day, except Monday,
from 11 to 8. and on Sunday 1 to 4;
free on Tuesday, Friday, and Sunday;
on Wednesday, Thursday, and Satur¬
day, 50 b.; and on Monday, to strangers
only, 1 kr. It was built at the public
expense (1850-68), from designs of the
Prussian archt. Stiiler, to contain the
works of art of all kinds scattered over
public buildings and royal palaces,
collected by various sovereigns. Tiie
front, facing the Eoyal Palace over the
water, is ornamented with bas-reliefs ;
in niches on each side of the portal are
placed marble statues of Tessin (the
architect) and Sergei; higher up are
those of Linnxus, Tegner, Wallin and
Berzelius ; above these, Fogelherg and
Ehrensiralil. The lower vestibule is
adorned with the colossal statues of
Odin^ Thor, and Freya, by Fogelberg.
On the ground-floor, passing through
the glass door, you come to the
Cabinet of Coins and Medals, which
are shown to strangers Tues. and
Fri., 12 to 2. It incdudes more than
7000 Cutic and 5000 Anglo-Saxon
coins, dug up in different parts of
Swmden, besides many Greek, Bornan,
&c., in all about 50,000, The Cufic
coins* are of peculiar interest, having
been brought from Bagdad between
the 6th and 10th centuries, in the
course of the trade overland which
existed in those ages between Meso¬
potamia and the Baltic. This cabinet is
more rich in coins of some Anglo-Saxon
Kings than the British Museum.
In the vestibule, a copy of the cata-
* See Prof. Tornberg’s “ Numi Cufici,” 1848.
logue, by O. Montelius, can be pro¬
cured for IJ kr.
The Egyptian collection follows, Avifh
the Tomb of Queen Tahort and other
objects of general interest from the
land of the Pharaohs.
On the same floor, in a suite of
I’ooms. are displayed a very complete
and interesting collection of Old
Stone, Bronze and Iron Implements, or-
naments, utensils of Non-historic times,
comprising articles of those metals,
including a number of ornaments in
gold, silver, bronze, and precious
stones, belonging to the last-named
period and for the most part found
in Sweden.
The 1st and 2nd Rooms contain
objects of the Bough Stone Age, and
the Polished Stone Age : such as arrow¬
heads and ax< s; also rough amber
ornaments. The 3rd Room is devoted
to the Age of Bronze, A few orna¬
ments of gold are also shown, but no
other metal appears to be known.
Then follows the Ape of Iron. Notice
particularly the bractates of gold
(cases 47-56), supposed to belong to
the earlier age of iron. The age of
iron is believed to have terminated in
Sweden about 1000 a.d.
In the 4th Room the Medixval An¬
tiquities (1000-1500 A.D.) are shown.
They consist chiefly of church-plate,
religious vessels, embroidered priests’
robes, statues, altars, fonts, Bunic
stones, staves and sticks, &c.
Room 5 is divided like a church into
a nave, aisles, and choir, and contains
shrines, fonts, crucifixes, &c.
The 5th and 6th Rooms are devoted
to the Modern Period, and contain
historic relics, as Gustaf Wasa’s walk¬
ing-stick, the cradle and go-cart of
Charles XII., also the bench on which
he slept the night before his death, and
a clock given to him by George III. ;
Royal Orders worn by Swedish mon-
archs; Berzelius’s chemical apparatus.
Ascending the marble staircase to the
first floor, we find it occupied by objects
of plastic art, collections of armour,
&c., arranged in 10 rooms. The Gallery
Sweden.
EOUTE 1 . -NATIONAL MLSEUM.
59
of Engravings contains more than 200
portfolios of engravings, wood-cuts,
etchings, and original Drawings by
the old Masters, 17 of them being
by the hand oi Raphael., 11 by Correggio,
14 by Titian, and 40 by Rembrandt, &c.
Tlie Majolica-room has collections
of majolica porcelain, with paintings
after sketches by Raphael. Giulio
Romano, Caracci. and others; also of
Etruscan and Greek vases, a colossal
vase of Arabian workmanship, &c.
The Hall of Endymion takes its name
from the statue of the ^Sleeping En¬
dymion. This gem of ancient art was
found in the ruins of Hadrian's Villa,
near Tivoli, in 1750, and purchased by
Gustavus III. for 2000 gold ducats.
It is of the finest period of Greek art,
and only second to the Barbarini Faun
at Munich. Several busts and portions
of sculpture are of a high class of Greek
workmanship.
The Bronze-room contains statues
and statuettes in that material, fore¬
most of which is a Psyche. The Hall
of the Muses is so called from the
9 Muses, with Apollo Musagetes, being
placed here; as also fine statues of
Fallas, Juno, Venus Anadyomene,
Diana, Water nymphs, &c. Another
room is occupied by plaster casts of the
Niobe group, Diana, a torso, &c.
In the Gallery of Gustavus III. is
Sergei’s Amor and Psyche, and a beau¬
tiful Faun, Bystrom s Juno and Her¬
cules, Fogelberg’s Venus and Apollo,
and a number of portrait busts.
The remaining rooms on this fiuor
contain collections of Arms, including
the fine suits of Armour formerly in
the Eiddarholms church, &c., which
have belonged to various Swedish so¬
vereigns and other members of the past
and present dynasties, including effi¬
gies of Birger Jarl, founder of Stock-
liolm, clad in the armour he ac-
tuallv wore. Of these, the armour of
Charles IX. is attributed to Benvenuto
Cellini; the whole suit is covered with
elaborate designs in high relief, of
finished and exquisitely beautiful Flo¬
rentine workmanship. It is one of the
most costly and interesting specimens
existing. The shield of John III. is
likewise of the finest Italian work¬
manship, and most beautifully and
elaborately decorated. The vizor of
Chas. VIII.’s helmet represents a man's
face, with a large pair of mustaches.
The sword worn by Charles XII., when
he defied the Turks at Bender. It is
a fearful weapon, such as few arms
could wield, and bears upon its blade
the motto Deo soli gloria. Here, like¬
wise, may be seen the sword of the
patriot King Gustavus 'Wasa, and a
variety of other weapons, some amongst
them of costly workmanship.
The Picture Gallery occupies a
large part of the upper story, and
consists of about 1300 pictures of
all schools—many of them certainly
not of the highest merit. The follow-
ing deserve notice.
Vandyhe. — The picture gallery in
Rubens’ house (at Antwerp?). 'J’wo
ladies, one Isabel Brandt, his first
wife, and 3 children and 2 dogs in
the foreground. The walls are deco¬
rated with some of Rubens’ most
famous paintings.
Karl V. Mandern. —Portrait (w. 1.) of
King Christian IV. of Denmark.
^Rembrandt —A lamplight scene, the
Blind John Zisca, with 10 partisans
and 2 priests taking an oath on their
crossed swords, to defend the Ihotes-
tant faith and the cause of John Huss.
The Host and the cup are on the table.
This sketch was painted by Rem¬
brandt and given to a Swedish family
named Peil, who had nursed him
during a severe sickness.—Portrait of
an old woman, her face wrapped in a
kerchief.—Portrait of a young woman,
perhaps E.'s first wife, Saskia.—St.
Auastasius in his cell; an old man;
and the portraits of an old man and
his wife.
Rubens. —The Daughters of Cecrops
discoveritig Erechthonius in a basket,
a sketch.
Rigaud. —Portrait of Charles XII.
in a cuirass, a reckless face.
60
ROUTE 1 . -STOCKHOLM I ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM.
Siveden.
Several rooms are set apart for pro¬
ductions of the Swedish school.
Pilo. —Portrait of Sophy Magdalen,
Queen of Gustavus III.
Dahl. — A lifelike portrait of the
fiery Charles XII. as a youth aged 18,
not unlike General Wolfe.
The Gallery of Sovereigns, the Be-
galia, and Historical Costumes {Kliid-
kammer), on the 2n(l floor. The
traveller ought by no means to
omit visiting these curiosities and
specimens of the royal wardrobe, from
a very early date down to the
little merino frock of the late king’s
only son, who died at 2 years old.
Among numerous objects of interest
may be seen one of the silver horse¬
shoes with which the royal charger
used to be shod on the coronation
day—it was only attached by one
or two nails, and became the property
of any one fortunate enough to secure
it as it dropped from the animal during
the procession. Other conspicuous ob¬
jects are the actual skin, stuffed, of the
horse ridden by Gustavus Adolphus
when shot at the battle of Liitzen, to¬
gether with several Runic staves used
as almanacs, a silver cup given by the
city of Nuremberg to Gu&tavus Adol¬
phus, the tield-marshars baton he
carried at Liitzen, Charles XII.’s
watch (the gift of our William III.).
Also, the domino and mask of Gus¬
tavus III., with the hole of Ankar-
strbm’s bullet which killed him on the
night when he was assassinated at the
opera. Again, the dress worn by
Charles XII., when he Wiis killed in
the trenches at Fredrickshald. His
white gauntlet and the hilt of his
sword are covered with blood. It was
once thought that a bullet had entered
his body from below, and that hence
his death was due to an assassin; but
the results of an examination have
proved that the wound really c.ime
from above, and was perhaps due to
the splinter from a shell.
In a line with the esplanade, in front
of the Museum, a handsome iron bridge,
530 feet long, spans the water to
Skeppsholmen, a station for a part of
the fleet, with barracks and other build¬
ings for officers and men. The gun
ners’ barracks, in mediteval style, with
turrets and pinnacles, have a pleasing
effect, seen from the water or the
opposite quay. Here also is the Ad¬
miralty Church, with a fine altarpicce
by Sandberg, and statues of Hope,
Faith, and Charity, by By strum. From
Skeppsholmen another bridge leads to
Kastellholmen, with a tiny castle
built on an eminence, from the roof
of which there is an extensive view.
Both these little islands are prettily laid
out and planted witli avenues of trees.
The Ethnographic Museum, Hrott-
ningaten 71, founded 1873 by Dr. Haze-
lius, is of great interest to the stranger,
as illustrating ancient manners, cus¬
toms, &c., in Sweden of past times. It
is open every day except Wednesday
and Saturday, and consists of four
main parts:—the South Pavilion, con¬
taining the principal collections; the
North Pavilion; and the First and
Second Annexes, in all 21 rooms. It
includes reproductions of the dwell¬
ings, with figures life-size, carefully
modelled and dressed : as the interior
of a peasant’s cottage in Scania; mar~
riage dress of a bride; ditto in Halland ;
ditto in Sodermania. A Fiulandiau
bard, playing on the kantele or zitter.
A prisoner in chains, 18th cent., in the
gaol of Smedjegarden. A Laplander
with his reindeer-sledge. Female Laps
at table. The department devoted to
Norway was opened 1875. The carv¬
ings and wood sculptures are of great
variety and artistic beauty. Obs, ta¬
pestries and embroideries from the
Saterdal, showing a fine knowledge of
the right combination of colours. The
suite of rooms are filled with the
original furniture : the dresses are also
original. Ohs. the carved wooden bed¬
steads ; a rustic seat carved out of the
trunk of a tree, and studded with the
teeth of the members of the f.imily fiir
many generations, hammered into the
wood !
Sweden. route 1.—i
The Academy of Sciences, founded
:in 1739, occupies a handsome building.
iOn the open space betwceux Drot1-
ininggatan and the Adolphus Frederick
'Church. It corresponds to the Eoyal
[Society _ of London, or the Paris
Academie des Sciences, and consists
pf 175 members, 75 of whom are
foreigners. Linnseus fb. 1707, d. 1778^
was the first President. It contains
i GalJerij of portraits of eminent inem-
33rs, including Linnmus and Berzelius ;
i Library of 35,000 volumes, open
Wednesdays and Saluidays from 12 to
I ; a Cabinet (f Natural History (Riks-
nuseum), ojien on Saturdays from
12 to 2, ineduding botanical, minera-
ogical, and geological collections, said
o be one of the richest in the world.
We may particularly notice some re-
narkable aerolites, including one
.vhicli was found t>y Prof. Norden-
.kiold, during his Arctic explorations,
ind which weighs 49,000 lbs. To
liis institution belongs the Obser-
atony, on the “King’s Hill,” with
iiany valuable instruments, and the
nathematical section of the Academy’s
ibrary.
The Technological Institute is in the
ame street: a splendid building, con-
lining a library of 20,000 volumes,
nd several other collections, open to
isitors on Mondays and Thursdays
roni 12 to 2.
Tlie Seraphim Hospital, standing in
;s own grounds, the Garrison Hospital
•outing the Miilaren Lake, and the
hnraihberij Hospital for lunatics, sur-
3unded by shrubberies, are all palace-
ke structures in the same part of the
>wn, and their establishments are
Imirably conducted.
The Royal Library, placed in a
uilding erected expressly (1877) in the
[umlegS,rden, is open every day be-
veen the hours of 10 and 3, except
undays, and although but of compara-
vely recent formation, it comprises
)ove 200,000 vols. Tlie collection
iginally formed here, and containing
vast number of inanuscripts, was
ven to the University of Upsala by
)YAL LIBRARY.
(Tustavus II. Another made by Chris¬
tina was removed by her to Rome,
and added to the library of the Vatican^,
and the rich collection subsequently
formed, particularly by Charles X.,
was partly destroyed by fire in 1697.
die founding of the existing librai’y,
therefore, dates from that period, the
largest additions having been made at
the end of the last century and during
the last twenty years. °
A.mongst the curiosities here is a
Latin manuscript of the Gospels, sup¬
posed to be of the Gth or 7th cen¬
tury. It is known as the Codex aureus,
being written in Gothic characters of
gold, upon folio leaves of vellum, alter¬
nately white and violet. This book is
additionally interesting from its con¬
taining an Anglo-Saxon inscription, of
which the following is a translation
“In the name of our Lord Jesus
Christ, I Alfred Aldorman, and Wer-
burg my wife, obtained this book from
a heathen war-troop with our pure
treasure, which was then of pure gold.
And this did we two for the love of
God and for our souls' behoof, and for
that we would not that this holy book
should longer abide in heathenesse ;
and now will we give it to Christ’s
church. God to piaise, and glory, and
worship, in thankful remembrance of
His passion, and for the use of the
holy brotherhood, who, in Christ’s
church, do daily speak God’s jnaise,
and that they may every month read
for Alfred and for Werburg, and for
Ahldryd (their daughter), their souls
to eternal health, as long as they have
declaied before God that bajdism (holy
rites) shall continue in this place.
Lven so I Alfred, Dux, and Werburg
I)ray and beseech, in the name of God
Almighty, and of all His saints, that
no man shall be so daring as to sell or
part with this holy book'from Christ’s
church, so long as baptism there may
stand. (Signed) Alfred, Werburg,
Ahldryd.”— Sylvanus’ Hambies in Swe¬
den, p. 287. No traoe appears to exist
of the history of this volume from the
time it was thus given to Canterburv
62 ROUTE 1 . -STOCKHOLM : THEATRES ; KUNGSTRADGARDEN. Sweden.
Catliedral until it was purcliased, in
Italy, and added to tliis library.
Here also is a Im^-e manuscript copy
of the Bible, written on 300 prepared
asses’ skins ; it was found in the Pre-
raonstratensian convent at Prague,
wlien that city was taken by the Swedes
(luring the Thirty Years’ War, and is
commonly called the “ Devil’s Bible,”
from a hideous illumination ])refixed
to an appended collection of incan¬
tations against robbers, maladies, (\:c.
A copy of Koberger’s Bible, printed at
Leyden, 1521, is tilled in the margins
with annotations by Martin Luther.
The oldest paljeotype is: Speculum
Itumanee Salvationist without date, and
the next, Cicero de Officiis, printed by
Paust and Schoetfer, ld61. There
are, besides, some 4000 manuscripts,
many of them altogether unique.
Tile Royal Mint is also at Kungs-
holmen.
The Royal Theatre occupies the
whole E. side of Gustaf Adolf’s Torg;
a large, square building, with a. noble
front towards the square. It was
erected by Gustavus III., and here he
was shot, at a masked ball, by Ankar-
strbm, on 16th March, 1792. This
theatre is spacious and well fitted up,
particularly the royal box, which oc¬
cupies the centre of the lower tier,
while the whole curve of the pit is set
ajDart for the king’s suite and officers
of the guard on duty. The manage¬
ment is supiiorted in part by an annual
state subvention, by which means it is
enabled to produce operas and plays of
the highest order. Tiiis house is oiien
from Sept. 1st to June 1st.
Free instruction in music and
singing is provided in a Royal
Academy of Music, and the number
of students is about 250. An Academy
of Fine Arts provides free instruction
in painting, sculpture, and architec-
tuie.
The Puhlic Schools are numerous
and well-attended ; and there are also
Technical and Polytechnic Schools.
On the W. side of the square, from
Fredsgatan down to the cj[uay, is the
Palace of Prince Oscar, the exterior of
which is exactly similar to that of the
theatre, and in the lower front of which
is the Corps de Garde. The N. side is
formed by the Hotel Kydberg and other
large houses, between which opens up
Eegeringsgatan, the second principal
street of Stockholm. In the centre of
the square, and looking towards Norr-
bro and the Royal Palace, stands the
Equestrian Statue of Gustavus Adol¬
phus, on a high pedestal ornamented
with medallion portraits of his cele¬
brated generals and successors in the
field—BaneT, Torsteuson, Wraugel,
and Konigsmark. As a work of art,
however, this statue is so little worthy
of Sweden and her glorious monarch,
that it is to be hoped it will be replaced,
some day, with another more fitted to
do honour to both. The bridge itself,
640 ft. long by 64 wide, and the
sjiacious quays, with which [t is con¬
nected at both ends, meiit attention.
The Dramatic Theatre, erected 1842
as a private speculation, but now under
the same management as the Royal,
has its entrance from the E. side of
Carl XIII.’s Torg or
Kungstradgarden (the king’s garden);
an oblong open place, planted with
double avenues of shady trees on each
side, and divided into two unequal por¬
tions by a thoroughfare, the Arsenals-
gatan, entering from Gustaf Adolf’s
Torg. In the centre of the N. portion
of this place stands the statue of Charles
XIII., very inferior as a woi-k of art, but
ifiaced on a fine pedestal, with four
bronze lions at the corners, beautifully
modelleii by Fogelberg. The S. portion
is now adorned by a splendid.bronze-gilt
statue of Charles XII. in his character¬
istic costume, looking out, sword in
hand, over the port of Stockholm,
modelled by Molin. At the base stand
four ancient bronze mortars, taken in
his wars. Close by the Dramatic
Theatre a small street leads to Berzelii
Sioeden.
ROUTE 1 . -SOUTHERN THEATRE ; RIDDARHUS. 63
Parle, a pleasant resort, with a statue
of that o-reat chemist.
The Southern Theatre is on the
Mosebacke, or hill of Moses, a large
and very handsome building, contain¬
ing, besides the theatre itself, with
room for 600 spectators, an hotel re¬
staurant, assembly rooms, &c. At the
side is an entrance to the Mosebacke
garden terraces, from which the view
is unrivalled, embracing the whole of
the city, Kungsholm, Norrmalm, Bia-
sieholni, Skeppsholm, Kastellholm,
Ladugardsland, Ladugardsgarde, Djur-
gardeii, in one vast panorama, with
the ports and their shipping in the
foreground. The view from the roof
of the theatre is still more extensive,
and no traveller should leave Stock¬
holm without having paid a visit to
Mosebacke. In tlie commencement of
1883 a great iron structure was erected,
containing a “lift,” whitdi rises to an
elevation of 120 feet in four seconds
from the low ground of the sluices to
Mosebacke. The view at the toj) is
the finest in Stockholm.
Emanuel Swedenborg’s house is
near Mosebacke, No. 43, Horns
Gatan.
The best panoramic view of the
western side of Stockholm, together
with a large expanse of the surround¬
ing country, is to be had from the sum¬
mit of the rocky hills close by the
Skiiinarviken landing - jdace of the
small Langholm steamers, which start
from the Kiddarholm, and take you
there in 3 minutes.
That part of Stockholm called Ladu-
gdrdslandet, to the W. and N.W. of
Norrmalm, has a park, long neglected
but now much improved, known as
Humlegdrden (the hop-garden), con¬
taining the Uoyal Library, and sur¬
rounded by a new and fashionable
quarter; otherwise this part of the
town is chielly remarkable as leading
by laud to Djurgarden and the camp¬
ing-ground, and as being the site of
the garrison barracks, which are very
i; large and handsome structures; one
of them, Fredrikshof, formerly a palace
of King Fi ederick 1.
The Riddarhus, in a torg or square
of the same name, connected with the
Riddarholm by a short iron bridge,
is the house of Assembly of the Nobles.
Exclusive of the historical associations
connected with this building, it is of
small int(Test. The hall of assembly
contains the shields of about 3000
Swedish nobles, foremost that of the
Wasa family. The president’s chair
is of ebony and ivory, a rather good
specimen of Dutch workmanship. Few
spots are connected with such heart¬
stirring events as have occurred in
this old hall. Here Gustavus Adolphus,
when about to begin the career of con¬
quest which terminated only with his
life, on the field of Llitzen, addressed
his assembled subjects in that exqui¬
sitely simple and touching speech,
which the historian of the Thirty
Years’ War has preserved; here, too,
when the fatal news arrived of his
death, the infant Christina was with
unanimous acclaim declared Queen of
Sweden, and received the fealty of the
estates ; and in later years it was here
Gustavus HI. surrounded the factious
nobles with his troops, and having
accomplished, without spilling a drop
of blood, the cowp d’e'tat which restored
the kingly power, dictated to them a
new constitution. Pity he tried this
once more, and aiming at absolutism
lost his life in consequence.
The Statue of Gustavus Wasa stands
in front of the lliddarhus. It is of
bronze, by VArchevesque, on a pe¬
destal of Swedish marble, and repre¬
sents the king in the costume of his
time, crowned with a wreath of
laurel, which does not improve the
cfiect.
Divided from the Riddarlius by a
small street, leading down to the new
Wasa Bridge, is the IMdhus or town-
hall, fronting the square on one side
and the water on the other, and close
by, in the Myntgatan, the Police Court,
having behind it the Cellular Prison,
64
ROUTE 1 . -STOCKHOLM : PARKS.
Sweden.
rather a handsome building seen from
the water.
By the side of the Eiddarholms
Clmrch is an open plane surrounded
]>y a great number of old public
buildings, such as tlie Srea Hofratt, or
Court of Appeal, the Session House of
the Diet, the General Staff, See., and
in the centre of which is a Statue of
Birner Jarl, the founder of Stockholm,
modelled by Fogelberg, and erected
in 1854.
Amongst other buildings of note is
the Residence of the Governor of Stoch-
liolni, on Slottsbacken, opposite the
S.E. gateway of the palace, designed
by Count Tessin, and only remark-
al)le for the beauty of its court¬
yard : the Exchange on the Stortorg,
scene of the Stockholm blood-bath,
in which the Swedish Academy cele¬
brates its anniversary every 20th of
December, and the citizens give grand
balls to royalty on New Years’ Days;
the Custom House and the Banl: of
Sweden, both on Skeppsbron, the broad
quay extending along the whole E.
side of the city, and terminating in an
open place at the S. extremity of the
island, connected with Sbdermalm by
two drawbridges, wliich likewise fur¬
nish the means of communication by
water between the outer and the inner
port, i. e. between the Baltic and the
IMalaren. The aforesaid open place is
called Carl Johans Torg, and in the
centre of it there is an Equestrian
Statue of Charles XIV. (Bernadotte),
in bronze-gilt, after a model by Fogel-
berg.
The Parks of Stockholm. — On
Sundavs and summer evenings the
pe(jple of Stockholm all turn out
into their beautiful parks to walk or
pic-nic in the woods and on the lawns
around, which owe their chief charm
to lieing left in a state of nature.
The Djurgdrden, or deer-park, is one
of the great objects of attraction in
Stockholm. Steamers ply thither from
Stibmparterren, Rantmastertrappan,
Nybron, &c., and convey you in 5 min¬
utes from the centre of the town to a
wild forest retreat. The inhabitants
are justly proud of it, as no capital in
Europe possesses one so liighly pictur¬
esque. The whole extent of this lovely
park is about 20 m. in circumference,
and several hours may be most de¬
lightfully spent in exploring parts of
it; the ground is beautifully undu -
lated, the old oaks, pines, Scotch firs,
and other trees are magnificent, the
bold masses of rock grand, and the
drives beautifully kept. “Now you
have a view of a primaeval forest, then
you see the lake gleaming through the
trees, another turn, and you catch sight
of the towers and bright houses of
Stockholm across a foreground of blue
water.”— Garden. The villas and
places of amusement, cafes, &c., are
numerous; the best dinners to be ob¬
tained outside of Stockholm are served
at “ Hasselhachen,” which cau be
reached in a few minutes by one of the
little steam-gondolas which ply con¬
tinually between Alkarret and Strbm-
parterren, or the palace stairs, pass¬
ing by the museum and underneath
the iron bridge ; fares, 8 o.
At Hasselbacken commences the
Djurgard’s plain, wheie on holidays
crowds of people throng around mario¬
nettes, dancing dogs, acrobats, and jug¬
glers of all sorts. Here also are a summer
theatre, a circus, a music hall, a winter
garden, &c., all with their cafes. From
the Tower of the Belvedere the most
extensive view of Stockholm may be
gained. Further on, in a grove, is Bell-
mansro, with a Statue of the genial im-
provit-atore and poet Bellman, round
which a festival is held on the 26th of
July, when selections of his lyrics are
sung in honour of his memory. Beyond,
in the same direction, are the more syl¬
van but not less charming retreats of
the park. On the other side of Hassel¬
backen is Bystrmil s Villa, built by him¬
self, and one of the lions of the place.
It is highly decorated, in the Etruscan
style, and although intended as a resi¬
dence, now forms a small museum of
sculpture, by himself and others, which
Sweden. route 1.—rosendal palace ; parks.
merits attention, as well ns some of
the architectural designs of the build¬
ing. Each visitor pays a fee of 50 d.
A pleasant drive or walk from the
town or Djurgarden is to Lidingobro,
on the bay Vartan, with an Inn (Ward-
shus) which can furnish fish, plain, good
food, and very excellent ivine. It is a
lovely spot; steamers go till 9 p.m. to
Stockholm ; it is not above IJm. from
Hasselbacken. Fishing from the long
timber bridge can be had, and eel-
spearing goes on largely.
The little Palace of Rosenrlal built
and sometimes inhabited by Charles
John XIV., is in this park, and com¬
mands a lovely view over .a branch of
the fjord which intersects it, to the
Ladugdrdsydrde, or review ground,
in the distance, where a camp is
formed during summer, and military
manoeuvres are often conducted on a
grand scale. The interior of the
palace is shown by an attendant. It
is elegantly furnished, and contains
numerous pictures of the best Swedish
artists. The celebrated Porphyry
Vase stands in the grounds on tlie
I N. side of the palace. It is highly
polished, formed of three blocks, and
measures 12 ft. in diameter, by 9 ft.
high. The form is beautiful. It is
from the manufactory of Pllfdal, in
Dalecarlia, and rests on a block of
rough granite.
The Haga Parle is another charming
and favourite place of resort, abounding
in fine trees and thickets of bird-cherry,
&c. The way there is up Drottningga-
tan, passing the Observatory on the rt.,
and through the N. gate (Norr Tull), a
short distance beyond which an iron
gate upon the right forms the entrance.
The park is prettily laid out, and
many parts are highly picturesque;
the ground is very rocky and broken,
and the trees superb. The lake which
adds so much to the beauty of this
park is the Brunnsviken ; it commu¬
nicates with the tjurd of Edsviken,
leading to Ulriksdal, and its banks
are so lovely that it should bo seen in
[Sweden.]
65
its whole extent, which may readil^
be done by the passage steamers which
start from Stalhndstaregdrden. near the
N. gate before mentioned. The Palace
of Haga, small but tasteful, was built
by Gustavus III., and was one of the
favourite residences of this king. It is
now the ordinary summer abode of
Princess August. The gardens of this
palace are well worth seeing.
An omnibus, which starts from the
Norrbro every half hour, or a carriag<i
which costs 1 kr. 25 o., may be taken
to Stalhndstaregdrden at the entrance
to Plaga Park, half an hour’s drive.
A steamer in correspondence goes
thence to Ulriksdal. The return to
Stockholm may be made by tlic
steamer from Ulriksdal, by what is
called “ the outward way,” through a
bay of the Baltic, which calls then;
twice in the course of the afternoon.
The approach to Stockholm from the
Baltic is best seen by the summer¬
evening light, moreover at that time
many steamers are leaving the city.
Opposite the Haga Park, on tin,'
other side of the road, is the now verv
spacious Xew Cemetery. It is well
planted and laid out, and many of the
tombs are interesting and beautifully
kept. The custom of planting graves
with shrubs and fiowers prevails ex¬
tensively in Sweden. Near the cemt;-
tery is the ch. of Solna, one of th<“
most ancient structures still standing
in Sweden, the tower of which dates
far back into the days of paganism.
In its churchyard Berzelius (b. 177 !l
d. 1848) and Geijer lie buried. Soutli.
of this ch. a road leads i)ast the Pdr-
strand porcelain-works to
The Parli of KarJherg, whicli in tin;
heat of summer is another charming
place, the trees, if possible, being finer
than in the other parks. The Palace
here was one of the favourite residences
of Charles XII., but has been trans-
brmed since 1792 into a military col-
'ege. There is little else of interest
in the interior, except a collection of
old portmits, chiefly of the royal fami-
F
66
Siveden.
ROUTE 1 . -STOCKHOLM I ENVIRONS ;
lies. From this park a Inn," and fine
avenue leads back to Drottninggatan,
or the visitor may return to town by
one of the little steamboats passing and
rail from the station Karlberg, or by
lepassing under Kungsholm’s Bridge.
The exterior of the palace is seen to
best advantage from the other side
of the channel which runs in front of
it, but the view has been somewhat
marred of late by the Northern rly.
runnin," through the park. A small
bridge W. of the palace leads over to
the opposite bank on the side of Kungs-
holmen, and on to
Marieherg, formerly a celebrated
porcelain - manufactory, now a high
school of artillery, where officers are
trained for the scientific branches of
the army. It is prettily situated
amon.g sylvan scenery; and from the
rocket laboratory, on an eminence
close by, a beautiful view is obtained
of the lake, with Stockholm and its
inner harbour extending across the
background.
Tliere is a considerable number of
manufactories of various kinds in and
about Stockholm. The best shops are
mostly found in Drottninggatan, Ee-
geringsgatan and their vicinities, but
many of the principal tailors, boot¬
makers, &c., discard shop fronts. The
names and addresses of such, if re-
(juired, can be obtained from any pro¬
prietor of a respectable hotel.
The Environs. — Stockholm is so
much surrounded and intersected by
the waters of the Baltic and the Ma-
laren Lake that by means of the many
steamers water excursions of 90 Eng.
m. may be easily made. The natural
beauties of its situation are so great on
all sides, that no one should rest satis¬
fied, nor can form a just idea of this
picturesque capital without thoroughly
exploring its immediate neighbour¬
hood, and also a few of the most
charming spots, in the country around
it. Such are:
Ulriksdal, a summer residence of the
Eoyal Family ; originally built by the
great captain Jacob de la Gardie, after¬
wards the property of Hedvig Eleonora,
widow of Charles X., and left by her to
her grandson Prince Ulrik, from whom
its name is derived. King Bernadette
transformed this palace into an Hotel
desinvalides; but under the hands of
Charles XV. it regained more than
its ancient splendour. The interior
bears evidence everywhere of a truly
artistic taste. The (jueen’s apartments
are on the ground-fioor, looking out on
the bay of Edsviken ; very elegant in
the modern style, and embellished with
pictures of great merit. The furniture
is rich and comfortable, according to
the exigencies of the present time ;
but here and there are seen tables,
cabinets, Ac,, of different kinds of
wood, sculptured and inlaid in a man¬
ner which indicates the workmanship
of such painstaking artisans as the
16th and 17th centuries produced. On
the first fioor are the state rooms, or
king’s apartments, completely restored
in the style of the 17th centy. The
bedroom, whieh is the plainest of the
suite, contains the bedstead used by
Gustavus Adolphus in his campaigns
in Germany; all the rest of the fur¬
niture is in keeping, every table, chair,
cabinet, or enamel, has a history of
its own. The same may be said of
the council-chamber, tlie gala-room,
tlie baronial hall, &c. It is a perfect
museum of articles of vertii in furni¬
ture, gobelins, china, drinking-cups,
painted windows, and other curiosities,
collected and arranged with discrimi¬
nation and taste. The whole may be
seen without trouble almost at anv
time; indeed, so kind was his late
majesty that strangers have sometimes,
without knowing it, been conducted
by himself over this palace. After
the king’s death many articles were
removed to the National Museum.
’I'lie road to Ulriksdal passes by
Haga and Jarfva, and thence through
a long avenue of trees, between pretty
villas, to the park and gardens; the
charge for a carriage is about 5 kr.
Sweden.
ROUTE 1 . -DROTTNINGHOLiVI.
Just inside the gates is a pavilion,
fitted up to accommodate guests, and
farther on in the park a Church, in the
Dutch Eenaissance style, was erected
by Charles XV.
The route by water to Ulriksdal
is somewhat longer, but very pretty;
fare, 70 o. each way. Steam-gon¬
dolas, leaving the palace-stairs in'tlie
city, proceed along the sound which
separates Djurgarden proper from its
N. half; pass by Kosendal and Djur-
gardsbrunn; turn up northward into a
wider passage called Wartan; pass
through a floating bridge 2700 ft. in
length ; along the C. shore of the
camping-ground, to the fishing-hut of
Charles XI., still standing at the nar¬
row inlet to a forked bay called “ Hu-
sarviken.” Leaving this on the 1., the
steamer proceeds in a more W. direc¬
tion past Alkistan, wlnne a similar
inlet leads througli Brunnsviken to
Haga, and onward, through Stocksund
Bridge, along Edsviken, to Ulriksdal.
All around these various bays, as in¬
deed in all other directions, are situa¬
tions of beauty too numerous to be all
specified.
Drottningholm, another of the crea¬
tions of Count Tessin, is the stateliest
of the Koyal Summer Palaces about
Stockholm. Situated on liofbn, one
of the many lovely islands in the Lake
Malaren, the road to this place traverses
Kungsholmen, part of Upland and
Kerso island, crossing over 3 sounds
by as many bridges. Carriage hire from
town 7krs. Steamboat at frequent inter¬
vals from Riddarsholmen, 50 6.; dis¬
tance about 7 Eng. miles. ThePai'ace
:s splendidly furnished and embellished
vvith paintings by Ehrenstrahl and
3ther masters, a portrait gallery of
contemporary sovereigns of the late
lUng Oscar, many curiosities, a hand¬
some library, a theatre, &c. The gar-
lens, planned partly after French,
mrtly after English, pattern, are orna-
nented with vases and groups of sculp-
ure in bronze and marble, jets of
jvater, canals, swan preserves, and
67
shady islets, &c. The China palace, a
pavilion in Chinese style, built by Adol¬
phus Frederick, as a birthday surpi-ise
for his imperious queen, Louisa Ulrika,
is filled with a variety of Chinese curio¬
sities, and adjoining is a row of little
summer cottages, bearing the name of
Canton, which was originally intended
to be a village of mechanics, under the
immediate supervision of the above-
named king, who was, if otherwise not
much known to fame, at any rate
reputed^ the cleverest locksmith and
turner in his kingdom. The present
King and royal family usually inhabit
Drottningholm during the summer.
There is a very fair Inn, or Restaurant,
not far from the palace, where dinners,
&c., may be had. S. of Canton a road
leads to
Svartsjd, on an adjacent island;
also a royal jcalace, suriounded by a
large and sombre park, bearing much
evidence of neglect. Oi iginally a Car¬
thusian convent, it was made a strong
castle by Gustavus Wasa, but after¬
wards rebuilt, became tlie dowager-
residence of several Swedish queens.
It is chiefly interesting, in the present
day, as having been the retreat where
some of the most important designs of
the glorious Gustavus Adolphus were
discussed and matured. Beneath an
old lime-tree in the park stands a
fine marble group, representing the
hero and Axel Oxenstjerna, but the
hand of time and the touch of vandal¬
ism have spoiled its beauty.
Bosersherg is another royal palace,
which was a favourite summer resi¬
dence of the late King Bernadotte,
and is celebrated here for the richness
and elegance of its furniture and deco¬
rations. Theparkaboundsin lovely spots
and scenery of a sylvan character. It is
distant from Stockholm about 3 miles,
on the route of the steamer to Upsala,
and is a railroad station.
Ryclhoholm, on the great Wartan
fjord, is about 3 miles from Stockholm,
and belongs to the Brahe family. It
possesses great historical interest, as
r 2
68
ROUTE 2.-LAKE MALAREN-MARIEFRED.
Sweden.
having been the dwelling-place of
Gustavus Wasa in his childhood. His
study and an oak planted by him in
the garden are still shown.
Excursion. — Stoclcliohn to Upsala by
]’ail in 2 hrs., by steamer in d hrs.
Keturn the same day. (See Rte. 17).
Stockholm to Woxho'm by steamer,
hr., several times every day.
ROUTE 2.
THE SHORES OP LAKE MALAREN—MARIE-
PRED, GRIPSHOLM, STRENGNAS, ESKIL-
STUNA, ARBOGA, KOPING, AND WES-
TERAS.
Lake Malaren, surrounded by 3 pro¬
vinces, U])land, Sodermanland, and
Westmanland, the very heart and cra¬
dle of the Swedish kingdom, may be
classed among the environs of Stock¬
holm, as excursions on its waters are ren¬
dered easy by regular steam commu¬
nication being kept up with the towns
and principal stations on its shores.
This lovely lake is about 75 English
m. in length; its width varies very
much, and the arms are numerous,
intersecting the adjoining country in
all directions. Of islands of all sizes
there are no less than 1300, and num¬
bers of them exquisitely beautiful.
jMonths might be passed in exploring
the Malaren, and the abundant remains
of primeval forest with which its banks
and islands are covered. Game is said
to be abundant, and the fishing in the
latvc and its tributaries is well spoken
of. As the steamer winds its course
through the more secluded channels
and fjords, deep silence reigns all
around, and at times no vestige of
human being or habitation is to be
seen, until, on turning the point of
some*sequestered nook, a villa or little
farm, nestled among the trees and sur¬
rounded by patches of fine pasture,
})roves that the solitude is not so great
as it appears to be. Among the places
which may be conveniently visited in
this way are
Mariefred (Inn: Stadskallare), and
the royal castle of Gripsholm, on theS.
sliore. Steamers from Riddarholmen
in 4 hrs. leave daily in summer at
9 a.m.; return the same day: fare for
the double journey 3 kr. The course
lies along the Riddarfjord, studded on
both sides with country seats, to Kung-
shatt, a high rock, on the top <tf which is
seen a hat on a pole, placed in memory
of a traditional feat of some king of old,
who iu escaping from his pursuers, left
his horse, plunged from the summit
into the water, and, in so doing, left
his hat behind. Further on the
steamer enters Eckero fjord, passing
Eckero eh. to the rt., and the stately
mansions of Noi’shorg, Sturehof, and
Wdll/nge to the 1. ; afterwards Kag-
geholm appears in the strait which
leads into the roomy Bjdrkd fjord,
where an island of the same name is
pointed out as the site of ancient
Birka, the city where Ansgarius first
preached Christianity, and which is
said to have been so large that it
could send forth 14,000 armed men.
Traces of walls, and fosses, and sally¬
ports may be observed to this day, but
their extent indicates rather a fort tlian
a large city. Passing Rindo, the steamer
then enters the Giipsholm fjord, having
on its rt. Bdfsnds, where Gustaf Wasa
received news of the Stockholm “ blood¬
bath,” and on its 1. Ndsby, a fine man¬
sion surrounded with a large park,
turning off from which, to the rt., the
steamer fronts the town of Mariefred and
The Castle of Gripsholm.
Gripsholm (Inn : Kreuz; fair res¬
taurant, wilh garden). The town
is small and of no importance, owing
its origin partly to a Carthusian con¬
vent founded by Slen Sture in 1501.
Sweden.
EOUTE 2 . -GRIPSHOLM-STRENGNAS.
69
The iiTegular Castle,with its 4 brick
towers, and enclosing 2 courtyards,
has all the appearance of an old
baronial stronghold, and presents a
striking object in the view of the sur¬
rounding beautiful landscape. It is
shown to strangers by the attendants
for a gratuity, at fixed times only, viz.,
1.30 p.m., 3.30 p.m., 4.30 p.m. It was
named after the celebrated Bo Jousson
Grip (the Vulture; from his crest),
a man of vast possessions in the
14th centy. After various vicissitudes,
it was appropriated and rebuilt by
Gustavus Wasa, 1537, but considerably
altered and enlarged in the time of
Gustavus III. Here Eric XIV. kept
his brother John a jirisoner, with his
wife, the Polish princess Catherine
Jagellouica, and the bed is shown in
which Sigismund, eventually king of
S^yeden and Poland, was born. In
another tower is the dismal prison
where John afterwards kept his de¬
throned brother Eric. Here also
Gustavus IV. signed his abdication,
in a room adjoining that where his
father used to dress himself to
appear on the boards of the hand¬
some theatre which he had fitted
up in this old Wasa castle. Very in¬
teresting is the largo collection of His¬
torical IVrtraits, about 1800 in num¬
ber, among which are those of Gus¬
tavus Wasa and his successor, Eric
XIV., painted by the unfortunate Eric
himself; the principal contemporaries
of Gustavus Wasa; the diplomatists at
the Peace of Westphalia; the crowned
heads contemporary with Gustavus
III. ; sovereigns and courts of France,
from Oath, de IMedicts down to Marie
Antoinette; Mary Queen of Scots,
aetat. 4, 1557, and numerous English
sovereigns. Ohs. the curiosities, pieces
of old furniture and tapestry, silver
vessels, and similar objects. In the
exterior courtyard are placed 2 enor¬
mous pieces of ordnance, commonly
known as “the hog” and “the sow,”
taken by Jacob de la Gardie at
Ivanogorod.
A short distance W. of Mariefred is
the cannon foundry of Aker, with a fine
mansion, extensive workshops, and a
good inn. Conveyances are easily ob¬
tainable at Mariefred.
Strengnas — Steamers leave Eiddar-
holmen eveiy morning for this ancient
town on the S. shore of the Malaren,
not far from Mariefred. Passing Rindd
(see above) the steamer enters the
Prestfjord and steers towards Sela-o,
one of the largest islands in the Malaren,
rich in arch Geological remains; further
on Tynnelsb, formerly a castle belong¬
ing to the Strengnas bishops, is seen
oii an island to the rt., and shortly
afterwards the tall steeple of Strengnas
cathedral comes in view.
Strengnas (Inn : Stadskallaren),
though the see of a bishop, is insig¬
nificant; barely 1600 inhab., but was
formerly of much more consequence.
Here, on the 6th of June, 1523, Gus¬
tavus Wasa Avas elected Kina; of
Sweden, and 23 years afterAvards the
royal dignity Avas made hereditary in
his family. The principal building
in the toAvn is the Cathedral, of brick,
inaugui'ated 1291, but, through the ex¬
cess of wax candles, set fire to on the oc¬
casion, afterwards restored, but again
burnt, and finally rebuilt, as it now
stands, in 1551. It is 300 ft. in length,
112 ft. in breadth, Avith a toAver 250 ft.
high. Within this venerable pile rest
the remains of Sten Sture the elder,
Charles IX., with his 2 queens. Karl
Karlsson Gyllenhjelm, his natural son,
a brave commander, lies buried in a
side chapel, ornamented Avith bas-
reliefs of his battles, and Avhere the
chains by which his cousin, Sigismund
of Poland, caused him to be secured
during 12 years of military captivity,
are also preserved. The College, a
building of modern construction, con¬
tains a library of 12,000 volumes,
many of them very rare, as Augustinus
de Civit. Dei, Bomse, 1468, and cabinets
of coins, minerals, and preserved birds.
In the neighbourhood are the fine
estates of Olivehall (Avith a spring of
mineral Avaters), Nasbyholm, Sahy, cScc.
70
ROUTE 2. -ESKILSTUNA-ARBOGA.
Sweden.
Eskilstuna (Nya Hotellet) ; 7000 i
inhab.; or “the home of Eskil,” so
named from an English missionary,
aftt rwards Bishop of Liind, who, after
being stoned by the heathen, was
buried here, because his coffin became
heavy that it could not be carried
any further. Steamers 8 times a
week from Riddarholmen to this place
in 7 hours, calling at Strengnas, and
thence proceeding along the lake, over
the North Bjorkb-O'ord and Gran-fjord,
wliere the fairway diverges to Westeras.
On the rt. appears Fagerb island, and
beyond it the towers of Engsd church
and castle, the locality of numberless
ballads and stories. Still proceeding
westward the steamer enters the Black-
tjord, passing by Sundbyholm, and
shortly afterwards arrives at Torslidlla,
a small town which, until the com¬
pletion of the present canal, served as
a port to Eskilstuna. The latter place
has been called the Sheffield of Sweden,
rather on a smaller scale, but well
worthy of the name, as far as concerns
workraanshi]>. Among the more pro¬
minent establishments may be men¬
tioned the Government Blasket Factory,
MiinldelVs Engine Factory, Stdhlberg’s
Knife Manufactory, Tunaforss BoUing-
niills, UedengreEs Damascene works,
Jleljestrand's manufactory of razors,
Svengrens manufactory of sabres, and
others, where the visitor may procure
good specimens of Swedish industry,
steel inlaid with gold, ai d cutlery,
cheap, but good. At the technological
school in this place there is a per¬
manent exhibition of similar objects.
A small river connecting the lakes
JMalaren and Hjelmar flows by Eskils¬
tuna, forming several cascades in its
course, and greatly enhancing the
beauty of the landscape. Bosenforss
iactory, Busby Rekarne ch., Bossvik
and Bd:>y, are situated on this water¬
course, and where it enters the Hjelmar
lake is the splendid manor-house of
Stora Sundby, built in Anglo-Norman
style, with large gardens and a good
inn adjoining. Near to this are Nds-
kidta ch. and sawmill and Oja ch.
About.GJ Eng. m. to the N.W. of
Eskilstunaissituated J«dc?’sch.,burial-
place of the great Chancellor Axel Ox-
enstjerna, and containing numerous
relics of the Thirty Years’ War, which
can be freely insiDected. S. of the town,
in the centre of Soderrnanland, is the
small market-town of Malmkdping,
with a postiiig-statioii and inn, fur¬
nishing lodgings for travellers. A
coach leaves Eskilstuna post-office 3
times a week for Orsta, 1 m., Malm-
kbping, ‘2| m., and thence on to
Sparreholm on the W., rly. f m., fare
1 kr. per Sw. m. Private carriages may
bo hired, and post-horses engaged, if
preferred. Board and lodging at the
pusting-house in Eskilstuna at For-
stadskdllaren ^ suburban inn) and other
places.
Railway from Eskilstuna to Elen
(Rtes. 3 and 5).
Arhoga is another rapidly increasing
small town, situated on the Kbping-
Hult line of rly. (Rte. 22), but likewise
accessible direct from Stockholm in
8 hrs., by steamers leaving Riddar¬
holmen 3 times a week; fare 3^ kronor,
weekly return ticket 5 kionor. Sudlar-
Itolmen, Strengnds, Quickmnd, and
Kiiug^dr ave touched at on the passage.
After leaving Sti engnas, these steamers
proceed to the W. extremity of 1. Mil-
laren where the Arhoga rivor empties
itself at Kungsdr.ii f.ivourite residence
of Charles XI., who built the handsome
Karl’s ch. at this place. Eurtlier up
the river are the estates of Svarthdll
and Beutersberg.
Arboga (/«ns; Gastgifvaregarden, in
Stora Nygatan; Vallbergs H.), Pop.
3600, in the middle ages was a con¬
siderable town, with 5 churches, 4
chapels, 3 convents, and a royal palace.
No less than 32 diets were held, at
difterent times, in this place, at which,
in 1434, Engelbrecht, and in 1471 Steii
Sture the elde]', were elected adminis¬
trators of the realm, but in the present
day Arboga has nothing of particular
interest to show. Railway to Halls-
berg and Kbping.
Siiieden.
ROUTE 3 . —STOCKHOLM TO GOTHENBURG.
71
Koping, a station of tlie Kiiping-Hnlt
rly., is likewise in direct water com¬
munication with Stockholm, by means
of steamers, which depiirt from Riddar-
holmen 3 times a week, and, taking a
N W. direction from Quicksund, reach
Koping in 7 tirs. Fares, first-class,
4 kronor; return tickets, available for
a week, 6 kronor. Khping also had once
its time of greatness, its castles and
churches, of which few traces remain,
except the present 'parish church, a
handsome structure with a fine altar-
piece and a monument of Scheele, the
great chemist, who lived and died an
apothecary in this little town, while
the fame of his discoveries was spread¬
ing over Europe. This route l)y Koping
is the shortest from Stockholm to the
interesting mining districts about Nora
and Linde in Nericia. Pop. 2000.
Railway by Westerns to Stockholm,
and to Koping.
Westeras Stat. (Inns: H. Kraak, in
SodraTorget; Hotel Westeras, Gastgif-
vai'egarden, in Fiskartorg'et. Restau¬
rant : Pranells, in Stora Torget. Post
Otiice, ibid.), the chief town of West-
man! and, is situated on the N. shore
of the lake Malaren.
Steamers leave Riddarholinen every
day for Westeras, calling at Strengnas
and other places. Fares, 3 kronor
00 d. either way; time of passage, 5^
to 6 hrs. This town has about 5500 in¬
habitants. It is situated at the outlet
into Lake Malaren of the Svart-dn (black
river), and carries on a considerable
business in agricultural and mining
produce, and in ship-building. The go¬
vernor of the province and the bishop
of the diocese reside here. The Cathe¬
dral is a red-brick Gothic structure of
the llthcenty., but has undergone con¬
siderable alterations. It is 306 ft. long
by 122 ft. wide, and its steeple, 328 ft., is
one of the highest in Scandinavia. The
administrator Svante Sture and King
Eric XIV. lie buried here. Over the
grave of the latter Gustavus III.
erected a monument, on which were
j)laced the crown and sceptre removed
from the tomb of John III. at Upsala.
The handsome altar-piece was a ]>re-
sent from the administrator Sten Sture
the younger and his wife, the equally
celebrated Christina Gyllenstjerna.
Adjoining the cathedral is the Hvjk
School, containing the consistorial
library of 11.000 volumes, including a
valuable collection taken at Mayence,
in the Thirty Years’ War, and pre¬
sented to this town by Axel Oxen-
stjerna; likewise several interesting
MSS. The Castle —also a very old
building—was built by Gustaf Wasa.
Eric XIV. was imprisoned here, prior
to his removal to Orbyhus. The bat¬
tlements command a beautiful view
over the lake IMalaren and surrounding
country. It was here, at the eventful
diet of 1527, which lasted but 8 days,
that the Roman Catholic religion and
hierarchy were swept away by the
great Wasa, and Sweden made that
stronghold of the Protestant faith,
which Gustavus Adolphus so stoutly
maintained.
Railwaij to Stockholm and Orebro
(Rte. 15).
Skultuna brass works and Svand iron¬
works, on the Svart-a, are among the
more considerable in the neighbour¬
hood.
ROUTE 3.
STOCKHOLM TO GOTHEXBUKG, BY IIALLS-
BERG, LAXA, STENSTORP, FALKOP-
ING, HERRLJUNGA, ALINGSAS.—RAIL.
458 kil. or 284 Eng. m., 2 trains
daily. Fast train in rather less tiian
14 hrs.
The railway carriages are somewhat
similar to our own ; the 2nd - class
72
ROUTE 3 . —SODERTELJE-SPARREHOLM.
Sweden.
not so good as on the German lines.
The names of the refreshment sta¬
tions, together with the detention at
each, are posted up in the carriage.
Kate of travelling about 25 Eng. m.
an hour. Fares: 38 kr. 95 o. 1st
class ; 27 kr. 50 b. 2nd class.
From the Central Terminus in
Stockholm the liy. runs S. tlirough
the long tunnel, gradually bending
round westward, and crossing Arsta-
tjord on an embankment, with a
swing-bridge of iron, 30 ft. long, on
passing over which Tanfo sugar re-
linery is seen to the 1., and the fair¬
way of Lake Malaren to the rt.
Liljeholmen station, with engine-
workshops, &c. The train proceeds
through the Nyboda tunnel, 932 ft.
long, bored through the solid rock,
past Huddinge and Tiirnha stations,
Tumba paper-mill, where the paper for
the Swedish bank-notes are manufac¬
tured, Ebnninge and Uttran lakes;
towards the Hall-fjord, from the Baltic,
which receives Sodertelje canal ; over
the canal on an iron swing-bridge,
resting on high granite pillars, by
Sodertelje upper station, to the nether
station, 23 Eng. m. from Stockholm.
Sodertelje (Inn: Stadskallaren) is
a very old town, and formerly carried
on a considerable trade, but de¬
cayed as Stockholm rose into im¬
portance, and in 1719 was totally
destroyed by the Eussians. Since
1819, when the Sodertelje canal, first
commenced by Engelbrecht, was com¬
pleted, it has gradually recovered,
and has now 3000 inhab. St. Bagn~
hild’s Cli. was built about the year
1100 by the queen of Inge the elder.
In 1849 an hydropathic establish¬
ment was formed here, which has
attained some celebrity, and together
with the constant communication by
rail and steamer with Stockholm,
causes many families to resort hither
in summer time, giving a very gay
appearance to the pretty little place.
About 2 Eng. m.from l.ence the train
runs through a tunnel 450 ft. long,.
and comes out on a high embankment
on Lake Lanaren ; further on. Lake
Glien is crossed in the same way, and
along a succession of small lakes,
mostly surrounded by forest land, the
train passes Jerna and Molnho stats.,
and the handsome mansion of Wisho-
hammar, stopping at
Gnesta Stat., where 12 minutes’
time is given for breakfast.
From Gnesta, on the main route
the rly. continues by Bjornhmda and
Stjernhof, in a fertile and well-wooden
country, diversified with manor-houses
and farm buildings, churches, and
lakes.
97 kil., 60 Eng. m., Sparreholm Stat.,
near the chateau of the same name be¬
longing to Baron Sprengtporten; a
noble building, situated on a small is¬
land, and surrounded by a lovely coun¬
try, imjDroved by art so as to resemble
a vast park. The chateau contains
a library, a collection of coins, and a
few exceedingly good portraits by
Swedish and foreign paintei's. Ex¬
cursions are now often made to this
place from Stockholm, on Sundays in
the summer months, and visitors are
treated with the greatest courtesy by
the owner, or those that represent
him. A mail-coach leaves this station
for Malmkoping and Eskilstuna (see
Ete. 2).
After leaving Sparreholm the train
passes by
Flen Junct. Stat. and a pleasant
country, in which is seen, on 1., the
cli. of Flen by a lake, and rt. Sten-
liammar, the fine old chateau of Baron
von Krmmer; and on the beautiful
LakeWammeln, Count Morner’s estate
of Hdlbonlis.
From Flen—Ely., S., to Nykoping
(Ete. 5), and N. to Eskilstuna (Ete. 2).
Walla Stat. Eoads from here lead
S. to the great estate of EriJesberg,
with a splendid chateau, gardens, and
park, belonging to the Bonde family,
and N.W. to Bie, If m., where is the
Sweden.
73
ROUTE 3 . -KATHRINEHOLM—ASKERSUND.
liydropatliic establishment o^Augusten~
bad.
134 kil., 83 Eno;. m., Kathrineholm
Jimct.Stat. Buffet the largest and best
in Sweden; 20 minutes allowed for din¬
ner. Table-d’hote, price I 5 kr.; beer,
wine, and spirits extra. This station is
named after the neighbouring great
Bonde estate, on the lake Nasnaren.
Hence diverges the S. Eastern main
Railway to Norrkoping (Rte. 12), Lin-
koping and Mahno. S. from that to
Stockholm aud Gothenburg.
From Kathrineholm the W. train
proceeds along an isthmus between
the lakes of Wiren to the S., and Kols-
naren to the N., to the great plain of
Wingdker, 011 which stands the tine
chateau of Sufstaliolm. likewise belong¬
ing to the Bonde family, with a valu¬
able library and collection of manu¬
scripts, a picture gallery, with pro¬
ductions of Italian, Flemish, and
Swedish masters, Bystrom’s group of
Venus and Amor, Fogelberg’s Mer¬
cury lulling Argus to sleep, &c. Not
far fi'om this place is
Wingaker, in the midst of a peasant
population, remarkable not only for
their peculiar costume, but likewise
for a great inclination to trade and
travel.
Shortly after leaving Kathrineholm
Stat., the train enters the province of
Nericia, and passing by the station of
Kilsmo, Bref'ven’s iron-works and en¬
gine factory, and Bysta country seat,
stops at
Pdlshoda Junct. Stat. The high¬
way from Orebro into East Got¬
land, through the S.E. mining districts
of Nericia, in which are situated the
great iron-works of Skogaliolm, Gryt,
and Haddebo, passes by this .station.
From Palsboda a branch-line to Fins-
pong (see Rte. 12 ', which will be con¬
tinued to Norrkoping.
The Rly. then traverses a wooded
country, as far as Tynninge, when the
large and fertild' plain of S. Nericia
opens to the view, and the line gra¬
dually descends to
199 kil., 124 Eiig. m., Hallskerg
Junct. Slat. Jernvags Hotel, Gast-
gifvaregard. Here the lines from
Stockholm and Norrkoping on the
one side, and Kristiania, Gothenburg
and Mahno on the other, join a
branch-line to Orebro, in connec¬
tion with the Koping-Hult and other
private rlys. Also a line to Mjolby,
via Motala and Skenninge. Several
high-roads also meet near this station,
which provides board and lodging for
travellers.
Wretstorp Stat.
This is the station for Askersund,
13J Eng. m. (coach thither) distance
to the S.. a pretty little town of 1600
inhab., at the top of the VVettern lake.
In its neighbourhood are Stjernsund,
with a splendid mansion, beautifully
situated, once the property of Prince
Augustus, now belonging to Mr.
Cassel; the Ammeberg zinc-mine, be¬
longing to the Belgian Company La
Vieille Alontagne; other zinc-mines at
Ldggesta; the iron-works of JDolma-
forss, Algrena, Aspa, and Skyllberg.
At Rude is a mountain close to
the Motala road, with 2 “giants’
caldrons,” well worth seeing. Asker¬
sund has regular communication by
steamers with Medevi, Wadstena. Mo¬
tala, Hjo, Grenna, Jonko[)ing, Gothen¬
burg, and Stockholm, by the Lake
Wettern and Gotha Canal.
On leaving Wretstorp the train pro¬
ceeds to
229 kil., 142 Eng. m., Laxd Junct.
Stat., half-way to Gothenburg. A
Rly. diverges N. to Karlstad and
Kristiania (Rte. 25).
In the neighbourhood of Laxa is
Forla mineral-spring, famous for its
mud-baths. The train from Stockholm
on leaving Lax4 passes through the
great forest of Tiveden, which sepa¬
rates West Gotland from Upper
Sweden, by the large village of Bo-
dartie, and Finnerbdja station to
Jilgards Stat. The country now be¬
comes more diversified and fertile, and
gradually descends to the Gotha Canal,
74
ROUTE 3 . -TOREBODA-SKOFDE—SKARA.
Sweden.
over which the rly. passes on an iron
swing-bridge to
27-t kih, 170 Eng. m., Tbreboda.
There is a considerahle and in¬
creasing traffic at this place, owing
to the rly. here crossing that sec¬
tion of the Gotha Canal which
connects the great lakes Wenern and
Wettern, and the passing and re-
pasftiiiir of steaTners. Board and lodg¬
ing may be obtained at tlie Rly. Hotel.
The large country-seats of Hallands-
herg, Ymsjdholin, and others, are at
shoi t distances from here. The next
s.ation is
iMoholm. From hence there is a
branch line, in 1 hr. 10 min., to
Mariestad on the Lake Wenern,
a small town with 2400 inhab., resi¬
dence of the governor of the shire of
Skaraborg. Inn: Stads Hotel. The
train passes by Waring to
813 kih, 194 Eng. m., Skdfde Stat.
(Inns: Jernvags Hotel, Skdfde ; apart¬
ments 1 kr. and 1| kr. per day.) It is a
little outside the town, as is also the
new Promenade, which the good peo¬
ple of Skdfde have named their Bois
de Boulogne, and where there is a
good restaurant. Skdfde is a small
but very ancient town, with 3300
inhab., situated at the foot of the re-
markahle Billingen hills, covered with
rich vegetation, ensconcing three tarns
on their summits. The Church has a
bins doorway flanked by monsters.
From Skdfde there is a railway to
Karlshorg, 27 Eng. m. in If hrs., by
way of Tibro and Molltorp.
Karlshorg (Inn: Johanssons) is the
only fortress in the interior of Sweden.
It is situated on a promontory which
projects into Lake Wettern (v. also
Rte. 4).
W. of Skdfde, 5 Eng. m. distant, lies
the cli. of Warnhem, formerly a Bernard-
ine convent, erected by King Sverker
the Old in 1150, and the burial-place
of several kings and other great persons
of those days. It was burnt down by
the Danes in 1566; but the ch. was
rebuilt in 1671, and the ancient tombs
restored by Magnus Gabriel de la
Gardie, who added a burial-chapel for
his family. It is now a handsome
Gothic structure, built in the form of a
cross and with 3 towers.
After leaving Skdfde the train fol¬
lows the Billingen hills, along a beau-
ful country, to
Stenstorp Junct. Slat., whence a line
branches off to the W. to Lidkdping
on Lake Wenern, and to Hjo on Lake
Wettern. Stenstorp is 329 kih, 284
Eng. m., from Stockholm, and 129 kih,
80 Eng. m., from Gothenburg.
[Ely. to Hjo, on the Wettern, by
Svensbro, Vreten, Blixtorp, and Ea-
sarp, 23j Eng. m. in 2^ hrs. Hjo is a
small town of some 1400 inhab.,
only remarkable for its situation in
a district of West Gotland, which
for its beauty and fertility has been
called “the golden corner.” Steam¬
boat communication with Stockholm
and Jdnkdping.]
[From Stenstorp, in the opposite
direction, a branch rly. goes by Brodde-
torp and Axevella to
Skara Stat., 2900 inhab., an ancient
town in the great plain of West Got¬
land, and the see of a bishop. The
Cathedral is a very old building, and,
spite of repeated ravages by tire, will
still bear comparison with those of
Upsala and Lund. It was consecrated by
Bishoj) Odgrim in 1151. In the neigh¬
bourhood are Giidhem, a great place of
sacritice in heathen times, afterwards
a convent, now a ruin ; Gotala, where
the “ Tings ” of the Goths were held,
and beyond this Axevalla heath, an
extensive camping-ground; Ilusahy,
where Olof Skdtkonung received bap¬
tism, and the first cathedral in Sweden
was founded by him; since removed
to Skara, after the destruction of the
great pagan temple there, in the time
of Hakan the Red.
From Skara the railroad continues
by Winninga to
6 ^ E. m. Lidkoping Stat. Inns:
Lidkoping and Svea. This town is at
Sweden.
IlOUTE 3 . -KINNEKULLE-ALINGSAS.
75
the head of a deep bay at tlie S. end
of tlie Weiiern, wliere the river Idda
enters the lake, and is a good fisliing-
station. The country around is level,
while the celebrated tir-clad mountain
called
Kinnekulle forms a beautiful ob¬
ject on the other side of the bay,
for although but 927 ft. above the
level of the sea, it appears much
higher from the tiat country around it.
This mountain, with its abundant vege¬
tation, its caves and its splendid views,
is much resorted to in the summer.
Tlie ujijjer classes of the Swedes have
some houses and estates on and near
it. The walks and rides about the
mountain, which rises from the S.
shore of the V\''enern, are lovely, and
good fishing may be had in that lake,
where the salmon, trout, and jack,
run to a very large size. To the
N. of the town a promontory stretches
for a long distance into the lake and
its deeply indented shores, and the
host of small islands about it afford
tine wild-duck and other water-fowl
shooting.
Lidkdping exports corn largely to
Gothenburg and England, and has
steamboat communication witli Go¬
thenburg, Stockholm, Norikiiping, and
the towns around Lake Wenern.j
After leaving Stenstorp station,
through several deep cuttings, and
over 7 bridges, the train reaches,
344 kih, 213 Eng. m., Falkoping
Junct. Stat. Kly. Buffet—20 mi¬
nutes allowed for dinner. Table
d’hote Ig kr., at a very good res¬
taurant. This station is at a short
distance from the litlle town of Fal-
Icbping [Inns : Jeinvagshotellet, at the
Stat.: Ranten’s Hotel), at the foot of
Md)‘8<iberg hill, 844 ft. high, and like
Billingen, Kinnekulle, and several
others in this province, of the old
Silurian formation, much abounding in
trap rocks. The town has 2200 inhab.,
and is historically known as the place
where, in 1389, King Albrecht was
defeated and taken prisoner by Queen
Margaret. The country round about is
full of antiquarian remains. Here the
Southern main line branches off to
Jonkbping and Mahno. The next 2
stations on the Western line, Surhy
and Foglavih, are })assed, and, traver¬
sing a bare and uninteresting country,
the train reaches
Herrljunga dunct. Stat.. 378 kih, 234
Enir. m. At this .station a line branches
off S. to Boras and Varberg (v. lite. 23),
and another N. to Wenersborg, Troll-
hiittan, and Uddevalla. At Herrljunga
a victory wars gained by Stem Sture the
elder, over the Danes, in 1471, after
which, says tradition, the surviving
lords sat down to dinner round a large
flat stone, still bearing the name of
Herrehordd —the lordly table.
Wdrgdnla Stat. is situated at
a corner of one of those bleak and
sterile w.istes called Srdltor (star¬
vations) which occur in this part of
the country, produced by a senseless
destruction of the forests of fir wdiich
formei'ly covered them. Though these
are now being slowly replanted, it will
take along time before the melancholy
aspect of these deserts can be changed.
Proceeding onwards and ])assing by
LagmanshoJm's Station, the country
begins to look more pleasant as the
train aj)proaches the town of
Alingsas Stat., 412 kih, 2554 Eng. m.
Inn: Nya Hotellet. Founded in 1611
by the lairghers of Ny Ebdiise, burnt
out from tlu're by the Danes. The
town is ])rettily situated near the
outlet of the S'afve river into Lake
Mjdrn, and has about 2200 inhab.
It was formeily the centre of manufac¬
turing industry in Sweden, through
the exertions of the patriot Jonas
Alilstvijmcr; the pi-incipal establish¬
ment here of that kind in the
present day is a cotton factory. In
the neighbourhood are a mineral
spring With promenade, the eouutry-
76
seats of Nolilhnga and Shafveryd, all
surrounded with fine scenery. The line
from Aling;sas runs throui^di a very
picturesque and diversified tract of
country, between Lake Mjoru on the
I'ight and Lake Safvelangen on the left,
to Floda station and factory, sur
rounded with high hills and dense
woods, the Siifve river following in its
crooked course down a dee}) valley,
which is spanned by a granite bridge
of 5 arches near
Lerum Stat., 438 kik, 271J Eng. m.
Here the scenery becomes lovely
along the banks of the Aspen
lake to Jonsered station, where the
S. (longation of the lake is crossed
over on a wooden bridge 240 ft. long,
and afterwards the River Safve, on 5
difterent bridges, near the extensive
cotton and other factories of Jonsered,
ju'esenting, with their Gothic chapel
and beautiful snrroimding scenery, one
of the most interesting spots on this
route. Thence, passing the last station
of Partilled, the view opens over the
valley of the Gotha river, and shortly
afterwards the train halts at
458 kik, 284 Eng. m., Gothenburg
Terminus (Swed. Gdteborg). The
Stockholm railway station is close
to the Hotels, and to the terminus of
the great railroad called Bergs'agernas
jernvdg, from Falner to Gothenburg.
Inns: Gdta Kdllare in Sddra Hamn-
gatan, near the Stat. Restaurant and
cafe, best, but second rate; IlagluiuVs
hotel; Hotel Garni, 1 Skeppsbron
Blom’s hotel, Sodra Hamngatan 37 ;
Christumia hotel, Lilia Drottninggatan
4 ; Hotel Royal, Ostra Larmgatan 8, &c. ;
apartments from 1 to 3 kronor
per day, attendance 1 kr. Restau¬
rants’—at the Exchange, at the Free¬
masons’ Lodge, Sddra Hamngatan 21;
Scea, Korsgatan 10; Lorentsherg (only
in summer).
Cafes—the Exchange (Bdrsen), Cafe
du Commerce, Skeppsbron 1. Horticul¬
tural Society’s garden (only in sum¬
mer). Foreign newspapers at Gdta
Kallare, Bachelor’s club (to which an
Sweden.
introduction is required) and the Read¬
ing-room of the Museum.
Porters (Stadsbud) are waiting at
the terminus and steamboat quay to
carry passengers’ luggage. Their ap¬
pointment is authenticated by the
ticket they wear.
Post-ofice, a handsome building,
with Mansard roof (Westerberg arch.),
Packhus-Torg, Skeppsbron.
Telegraph-office in the Museum,
Norra Hamngatan 12.
Consuls from Great Britain, the
United States, &c., reside here.
Droskas are stationed at different
places; single fare within the town
75 d. By the hour, kr. Each arti¬
cle of luggage 10 d. Tramway from
the Brunnspark through the Sddra
Hamngatan, IMagazinsgatan, and Nya
Allee to Stigsbergsliden. Omnibuses
to Masthugget and Mdlndak
Steamboats every quarter of an hour
to Klippan and intermediate places;
fares 10 to 25 d.; six times a day to
Nya Warfvet, fare 30 d.; three times a
day to Langediag, fare 35 d., besides
excursions to Kansd, Majorna, Bratten,
and Stjernvik, and other places.
Gothenburg is the second city and
the first commercial town of Sweden,
the see of a bishop and residence
of a governor, with 76,765 inhab. It
is situated up)on the estuary of the
Gotha river, 5 Eng. m. from the sea,
and was founded on its present site by
Gustavus Adolphus in 1619 on the
Dutch plan, with intersecting canals.
Many Dutch and Scotchmen settled
hereby his invitation. Often ravaged
by fire, it l as been improved by each
succeeding reconstruction. Of the
fortifications, which confined it of old,
little remains, except a few detached
forts and the moat, which latter, as
well as the canals, receive their water
supply from the Mdlndal river. Of the
20 bridges which cross the canals,
Lejonbron, Kdmpebron, and Tyskabron
are the finest.
The piincipal square is Gustaf
Adolfs Tory, with a Statue in bronze
of the feunder of the city, mo-
ROUTE 3 . -GOTHENBURG :
Swf'den.
77
ROUTE 3 . -ENGLISH
delled by Fogelberg. This is the
second cast from the model; tlie tii-st,
executed at Mimicli. was shipwrecked
on Heligoland, and the salvage de¬
manded was so exorbitant that the
Gothenburgers preferred to have a new
cast made. Tlie original statue was
afterwards sold for a very modest sum
and erected at Bremen.
The handsomest street is Sodra
ITamngataii, on both sides of the great
Hamn Canal. The movement of various
craft on the broad canal, with its granite
quays and stone bridges; avenues of
trees bordered by rows of palace-like
houses all of the same height; the
great square to the rt., and the
river in the background, produce to
gether an effect of great beauty. Of
public buildings there are the Ca¬
thedral (181.o) by the W, harbour,
ornament.'d with columns of Scotch
sandstoTie ; Christinfe, or the German
Churchy with the tmnb of Field-iVIar-
shal Rutger von Ascheberg, celelu’ated
in the wmrs of Charles XI.; the Church
at liaga, designed in Anglo-Gothic
style by Major Edelsvard, erected
chiefly through the munificence of Mr.
David Carnegie. Other interesting
new churches are St. Johannis and
St. Pauli.
Turning to the S., and crossing the
Annedal quarter, we rcmch the splen¬
did public ])ark of Sloftslwg.
The English Ch. (Engelska Kyrkan)
in Rosenlundsgatan, Ivaserntorget, was
also designed by Major Edelsvard in
the Pointed style, and with painted
windows in the choir, &c. The Ex-
chauge in Gustaf Adolfs torg is a hand¬
some structure in the Italian style,
fronted with 12 iron columns towards
the square. The Residence of the Go¬
vernor of in which Charles X.
bi’tiathed Ids last, is near the harbour.
The New Theatre, a very fine build¬
ing, is situated in the park, which,
together with the Horticultural So¬
ciety's Gardens and a long avenue with
many pretty villas, surrounds the town
on the S., following the bends of the
moat. The Museum is in Xorra Ilamn -
CHURCH ; HISTORY.
gatan, with the usual collections, in¬
cluding one of industrial objects. It
contains a whale, 60 feet long. The
Hospital, Arsenal, and Barrachs of
the regiment of artillery permanently
garrisoning Gothenburg, are extensive
and conspicuous buildings.
Notwithstanding war, fir(\ and pesti¬
lence, Gothenburg has, owing to its
excellent })osition, always remained a
place of great commercial importance.
In former times it had its East India
Company, and profited by the rich
herring-fishery on the coast, which
has since departed. During the clos¬
ing of the continental ports against
England by Napoleon, it was a depot
for British colonial produce, which
was thence spread all over Europe.
Its trade at the present day is large
and annually increasing. The staple
exports are iron, steel, and deals
(mostly the produce of the rich mines
and vast pine-forests of Wermland),
corn, and for many years cattle to
England; the imports consist of colo¬
nial goods, cotton, wool, wines, coals,
&c. Many of the leading merchants
are Scotch, or of Scotch extraction.
The best view is to be obtained from
a rock in the beautiful grounds of Mr.
Dickson, close to the town. Permis¬
sion is kindly given by the munificent
owner to visitors to inspect the villa
and English gardens.
Beyond Mr. Dickson’s are the Re¬
servoir and basins for filtering the
water, and the pretty Lake Delsjdn,
1 Swedish mile from the town; a
pleasant diive.
The town, though handsome, is not
picturesque, but its situation is, and
there are many lovely points of sight
to be obtained fioni the rocky and
sterile hills in the neighbourhood, par¬
ticularly to the N. looking up the
valley and river. On this side, some
distance out of the city, is the Cemetery.
The inscrijdion at the entrance is
Tdnkp I doden —Think of death. There
are some delightful drives and many
beautiful country-seats of Gothenburg
merchants to the S. and E. of the
78
ROUTE 4 . —STOCKHOLM TO GOTHENBURG.
Sweden.
town. On the W. and N. are iron ship¬
building yards, several cotton, engine,
and other manufactories. A large
brewery, established by Mr. Carnegie,
not only supplies a great part of
Sweden with bottled ale and porter,
but exports considerable quantities
thereof. An agreeable excursion may
be made by taking a boat down the
fjord to the fortiH ss of Neio Elf^horg,
which guards the entrance to it, and
was built in 1660.
Travellers not intending to travel
along the Gotha Canal may take
rly. or steamer to the Falls of Troll-
hattan, 5 hrs., and return the same
day (Rte. 4).
About 20 Eng. m. N.W. of Gothen¬
burg, upon a small island, is the ancient
town of
Marstrand, formerly a place carrying
on a considerable trade, but fiequently
suffering from the vicissitudes of war;
now a fashionable bathing-place in the
months of July and August, during
which time steamei’s go there daily
from Gothenburg. The town has about
1400 inhab., several merchant-vessels,
and a good harbour, protected by the
now di sorted fortress of Karlsten.
Another bathing-place in vogue here
is Sard. There are steamers to this and
various other phices near Gothenburg,
as well as to all tiie towns on the
W. coast, round the Lake Wenern.
Steamers 4 or 5 times a week along
the Gotha Canal to Stockholm (start¬
ing early) by Trollhattan Falls (Rte.
4). 4 times a week to Uddevalla.
Daily to Copcnljagen and Fredricks-
havn ; to Kristiania and Bergen.
Once or twice a week to London, Hull,
Leith, Hamburg. Twice a week to
Kiel, in 22 hrs.
Two fast trains to Stockholm daily.
Railway to Falun and to Trollhatlan
Falls. Road, with post-stations, to
Stockholm.
ROUTE 4.
STOCKHOLM TO GOTHENBURG, BY THE
GOTHA CANAL. LAKES MALAREN, WET-
TERN AND WENERN. THE BALLS OF
TROLLHATTAN.
This is one of the most picturesque
routes in Sweden; it will well repay
the traveller, and should certainly not
be omitted. It occupies 24 days from
Stockholm to Gothenburg : tickets
25 kronor, food not included. The
journey can be made by rail (Rte. 3)
in one day.
The steamers start from the Riddar-
holmen Quay 4 or 5 times a week,
in the afternoon, and travel day and
night unless delayed by fogs or thick
weather. They are small, but very
comfortable. As the number of cabins
is limited to 30 or 40, tickets should
be taken at the office on the Quay
close by the place where the boats
lie, some days beforehand. The food
on board is very good, and all paid
for by the carte. 2 kronor will be
enough to give the waitress, and the
same amount the stewardess at the
end of the journey. One of the officei’s
of the ship is sure to speak some
English.
Although the Gotha Canal is differ¬
ent in character from any other work
of like description, yet the traveller
will often be reminded of the Caledo¬
nian Canal in Scotland ; as many as 8
locks are sometimes groiq^ed together,
giving the steamer the appearance of
mounting up enormous stairs.
The boats are good both in speed
and arrangements. Beneath the long
poop are 10 cabins, 5 on each side of
the vessel, and opening into a passage
between them, which runs fore and aft.
Each cabin is completely separate from
from a. Sketch Surv^ by Kwtehinsow. K. E.
Xon/Jorv: JohnUu/'ray.J.lbemaAc Street.
'.- itirar fi
.1|ii»i!iU!tti>
‘ r-
' - W
C4iT'»dT<
: ^\r'‘ !
4?^'' :
^ filSliH Ito S^a»
- ., • '' ■^.■' ^ H
'sI<KH{f)Uj3ll ij*’^w-riui^‘'Wt /
'. Vis ^ . . -^v.*c
t
» ,- .iv
^ ’ A^-:
rm
il' *,' H:49* ' 'rJ^'T'"^' ' -i. ^ -' -*’'^^ .
Sweden.
79
ROUTE 4 . — STOCKHOLM TO GOTHENBURG.
the others, has one berth on either
side, which in the daytime is converted
into a sofa, a small table, and a sliding
window in the sides of the ship.
These berths are very comfortable.
Beds are also made up in the saloon,
which is in the fore part of the vessel;
a rather wretched dormitory. The
food supplied is good.
Except when prevented by darkness
or fog, these steamers proceed day and
night upon their voyage, stopping
only at the various towns and places
on their way, to land and take in
goods and passengers, and to ob¬
tain supplies of coal. In many parts
the navigation is so intricate and
difficult that the greatest caution is
requisite, and the vessels in such places
proceed very slowly. There are also
74 locks to be passed, which occasion
a great delay in the voyage, particularly
in the latter portion of it, from the
number of vessels waiting to pass.
These delays, however, enable the
passengers to take delightful walks
and explore the lovely scenery about
some of the locks.
There are 7 portions of canal which
serve to unite the various lakes in the
S. of Sweden, thus forming a con¬
tinuous waterway across the country,
affording an outlet to the Baltic and the
North Sea for its various productions,
and escaping the expense and delay
of passing the Sound. Of the entire
distance of 370 E. m. between Stock¬
holm and Gothenburg, only about 50
are canal, and the same distance along
the coast of the Baltic; the remaining
270 being through lakes, bays, and
rivers, the scenery in many parts being
of the most pleasing character. The
canal has 10 feet of water: it is 48 feet
wide at the bottom, and 90 on the
surface.
Plans of connecting the Baltic with
the open sea near Gothenburg by ca¬
nal were devised many years before
th y were carried out. In 1516,
Bishop Brask proposed to connect
liake Wettorn with the Baltic, and
Gustav I. thought seriously of con¬
necting the Wenern and Wettern.
Charles IX., however, was the first
to commence the undertaking: he
opened a part called “Carls Graf,”
to avoid the upper falls on the Gotha
Kiver. In the reign of Gustavus
Adolphus, the locks at Lilia Edet
were made, and a commencement was
made of the “Hjelmare Canal,” but
it was not completed till 1701. The
famous Swedenborg drew Charles
XII.’s attention to the undertaking
in 1716. But on that king’s deatli
2 years afterwards the works again
languished, and it was not till 1742
that they were renewed, and continued
slowly under the direction of 11 maw,
the engineer of the Sala silver-mines.
At a later period surveys of a line
between the Wenern and the Baltic
were taken under the direction of
Daniel Thunberg, and in 1793 a com¬
pany was formed for making the
Trollhattan Canal, after a plan of the
engineer, Eric Nordevall. This was
opened in 1800, and improved and
widened, under the direction of Colonel
N. Eriksson, to similar dimensions
with the rest of the Gutha Canal be¬
tween 1836 and 1844.
At the beginning of the present
century the Baron Baltzar von Platen
was placed at the head of the under¬
taking, and he may be said to be the
founder of the Gotlia Canal as it now
exists. In 1808 he summoned to his
aid the famous English engineer
Thomas Telford, and in 20 days the
whole line was marked out, over nearly
the same course as that contemplated
by Daniel Thunberg. The work was
prosecuted all through the disastrous
period of 1809-10, when Finland Avas
taken from Sweden, and in spite of the
opposition of many, who stated that
the canal would be the grave which
would swallow up all Sweden’s re¬
sources. In 1822, Platen had the
satisfaction of seeing the West Gotha
Canal opened for traffic. And in 1832
the two Swedish seas were at length
connected, but Platen did not live to
see the completion of the entire work
80
ROUTE 4. —LAKE MALAREN.
Srveden.
He died in 1829. The works were
chiefly carried on by the army.
The voyage commences ui3on
The Lalce Mdlaren.
This lovely water is about 75 Eng.
m. in length. Its width varies very
much, and the arms are numerous,
intersecting the adjoining country in
all directions. Of islands of all sizes
there are no less than 1300, and num¬
bers of them exquisitely beautiful.
IMonths might be passed in exploring
the Malaren and the abundant remains
of primeval forest, with which its banks
and islands are covered. Game is said
to be abundant and the fishing in the
lake and its tributaries is well spoken
of. (See Rte. 2.)
The view of Stockholm from the
Malaren, though fine, is not to be com¬
pared to that which is obtained on ap¬
proaching it from the Baltic. The
beauties of the Malaren may be said to
commence from Stockholm. Villas
are frequent upon its banks and is¬
lands in its waters. At first the boats
and barges are very numerous, but these
are soon left behind as the steamer en¬
ters amongst the islands where eternal
silence appears to reign, and at times
no vestige of a human being or habi¬
tation is to be seen, until, upon turn¬
ing the point of some sequestered
nook, a villa or little farm, nestled
amongst the trees, and surrounded by
patches of fine pasture, prove that
the solitude is not so great as it ap¬
pears to be.
On a mass of rock projecting into
the lake, an ancient iron hat may be
seen as the steamer passes it. Tra¬
dition tells that it marks the spot
where in olden times a king of Swe¬
den was beset, and singly faced his
pursuers. At length overwhelmed by
numbers, and this same hat torn from
him in the struggle, by a last effort
he smote his foremost assailant to
the earth, plunged into the lake, and
escaped.
After continuing about 20 Eng. m.
down the lake a promontory is rounded,
and the most southerly branch is en¬
tered which terminates at
Sodertelje, an ancient town (Pop.
3000) (Inn: Stad.skallare) situated
on a point intersected by the canal
between the Malaren and a bay of the
Baltic that runs far up into the coun¬
try, is frequented as a batliing place (v.
Rte. 3). The biscuits and pepper-cake
offered for sale as the boat stops at the
Quay at Sbdertelje are good. The
cutting of this canal was commenced as
early as 1435, by Engelbrekt, but the
works were soon stopped. The canal
was recommenced in 1780, and com¬
pleted in 1819. Its banks are up¬
wards of 100 ft. high, and fringed at
their summit by trees.
The steamer winds its way along
till it reaches the small Maren Lake.
The price of wood has increased so
much in the south of Sweden, that
coal has taken its place in all the
steamers.
Soon after emerging from the Soder-
telje canal, the Island of Morho is
seen on the right, upon which rises
the Castle of Horning silolm. This
estate is one of tlie largest in Sweden,
and the castle was extensively forti¬
fied in former days; from one of its
windows fell the renowned military
commander of the Tldrty Years’ War,
John Bauer, when only 8 years of age,
•—the fall was 38 ft., but his life was
miraculously saved. The same story
is told of Wallenstein.
The steamer follows this arm of the
Baltic, passing through numberless
islands and rocks until it reaches the
open sea, across a bay of which it
takes 2 hrs. to steam. Two routes
will be found marked on the map, the
longer and inner one is taken only in
rough weather. Should the evening
be foggy, or the night very dark, the
steamer anchors till daylight in con¬
sequence of the difficult navigation
caused by the numberless rocks: some
of these passages seem so narrow, that
Sweden.
KOUTE 4. —SODEKKOPING.
a walking-stick from the cabin-win¬
dows conld almost toiK'li the rocks on
both sides. The open sea is left at
the entrance of SldthaJceji, to enjoy
the beantifiil scenery of which the tra¬
veller must rise very early ; this fiord
terminates at the village of Mem. We
notice the water very turbid and muddy
as we enter the canal. A little further
is the town of
Sbderkdping. (Hotel Gotakanal.)
Pop. now 1800, but during the 13
14, and 15 cents, muc-h greater. There
is a hydrop ithic establishment near.
From Soderkbping the canal i^ro-
ceeds through several locks past the
village of Klefva, on through Wenne-
herga bridge, and the key sluice
KJdniman (jammed), which derives its
name from the canal being there con¬
fined between two mountains, and out
into the Lake Aspldngen. Wenne-
berga bridge, just named, presents one
of the most picturesque views on the
route. The canal is dug here through
the sloping ledge of a mountain run¬
ning close to the margin of a stecq)
declivity, at the bottom of which the
narrow line of a daik-blue stream is
seen winding between bushes and
leafy wood.
The locks between IMariehof and
Wenneberga compose the 1st ladder
of importance we meet with in the
ascent of the Eastern Canal. The total
rise is not less than 64 It. The forma¬
tion of the whole tract al)out Wenne¬
berga seems to show that a consider¬
able volume of water has flowed there,
of which the little stream that runs to
Suderkoping is a dying remnant. The
country is very undulating, hills, both
high and low, rise in every direction
like little islands from the level plain.
The lake of Asphingen is very narrow.
At Hulta we enter the canal again,
which continues its course to Nor-
sholm, where the Lake Koxen com¬
mences.
At this point the Stockholm-
Malmo railroad (iite. 8) crosses the
canal. Norrkdping can be reached in
[_Sweden.']
81
about an hour’s drive. This is the
Manchester of Sweden, is well built,
has a good harbour, with a handsome
iron bridge over the river. The ma¬
chinery is principally worked by the
river Motala, which dashes through
the town.
By taking the rly. from this place
to Katkrineholm Junction 8tat. on the
Line between Stockholm and Gothen¬
burg, the journey can be broken if
desirable (Rte. 3). From Norsholm
runs also a railroad to Vestervik.
At the entrance to the Boxen Lake
upon the N. is the estate of NorsJiohn.
It is interesting, as having belonged
to Bishoj^ Zians Brask, who is said to
liave originated the design of con¬
structing the Gotha Canal.
The lake is 1U9 feet above the sea-
level. It receives three large feeders,
the Motala, Svart an, and Stangan, but
has only one river running out of it.
The steamer runs nearly the whole
length of the Eoxen, passing the town
of Linkoiung Stat. (Rte. 8), which is
seen in the distance ujDon the S. Upon
the N. W. of the lake is the fine mansion
which formerly belonged to the Counts
Douglas, who had a large estate there.
This branch of the celebrated Scotch
family emigrated to Sweden during
Cromwell’s time, and hold a distin¬
guished place in the annals of their
adopted country, earned by their ser¬
vices in the field, as well as in the
cabinet. The banks of this fine lake
are wooded to the water’s edge.
On the W. side of the Eoxen a series
of 11 locks is passed on entering the
Ost Gdta Canal, which is here car¬
ried up the face of a hill 70 feet above
the level of the Eoxen, and terminates
in the Wettern Lake. Tlie first 7
locks open into each other from the
margin of the lake ; the remaining 4
are at short distances apart. Observe
the views, as well from the shores of
the lake as from the high ground at
the 7th lock; they are nniongst tlie
loveliest in the S. of Sweden, the noble
masses of wood and water extending as
G
82
ROUTE 4 . -BORENHULT-MOTALA.
Sweden.
far as the eye can range. The oak [
becomes most abundant and very fine 1
liere. The steamer always takes about!
1-^ hour to pass the locks, which gives
ample time for visiting the
Conventual Chnrcli of Vretaldoster.
It is modernised, but highly interest¬
ing, and not more than 10 minutes’
Avalk from the locks on the S. of them,
d'lie Church is in the Gothic style, and
was founded in 1128, by Inge II., one
of the three kings of Sweden who are
buried in it. I'he bells are old. It is
in the form of the Latin cross, and the
chapels which have been constructed
at the sides, as places of sepulture,
render the exterior more picturesque.
The first two chapels from the altar,
on the S. side, contain the tombs of the
Icings, Magnus, grandson of Ingerad
II., and of Reginald, son of Nicholas,
Icing of Denmark, d. llo9. A third
on the same side is filled Avith
tliose of the Douglas family, and rich
emblazonments of their arms, amongst
which the “ bloody heart ” is con¬
spicuous. In one corner of the
chapel are a number of Austrian
standards taken by “the Douglass”
during the Thirty Years’ War. On
the north side is the vestry, Avhich
contains the tombs of several abbesses
and other distinguished members of
the establishment in former days.
Adjoining the vestry is the Conventual
Prison or Cell, now forming an en¬
trance to the cliurch. Observe the
very antique font, the carved pulpit,
and the tombs in the churchyard.
The person who keeps the keys is
generally to be found at the church
upon the arrival of the boat, for which
lie looks out.
I’his portion of the canal terminates
hr the small lake of Boren, which is
243 feet above the sea-level.
About midway on a promontory on
the S. side of this lake, is the fine
(‘hateau of Vlf(ha, belonging to the
Stjerneld family; and most pic¬
turesquely situated. There is a li¬
brary here of upwards of 5000 volunres.
and the gardens and grounds have been
laid out at great expense. This place
is celebrated as being the cradle of the
maternal branch of the Brahe family.
The neighbouring church of Egbyborna
is interesting.
The Borenhult sluices commence
immediately after passing the Boren.
They form the ascent to the level,
Motala line of canal, and consist of 5
locks in close succession, by means of
which a rise of 51 feet above the surface
of the Boren is eftected. They form
one of the finest parts of the canal
works —its banks overgrown with trees
and saplings, Avhich the steamer has
almost to push on one side as she con¬
tinues her course. From the ujAper
lock there is a glorious retrospective
jirospect over the beautiful Boren and
its smiling shores, Avooded alternately
Avith birch and ])ine, between Avhich
fruitful corn-fields and verdant mea-
doAvs shine forth at intervals.
Gn the bank (northern) of the canal,
lialfAvay betAveen Borenhult and jMo-
tala, in a little enticing groye, is the
grace of B. B. von Platen, tlie inge¬
nious founder of the canal. The place
is enclosed by iron rails, and shaded
by elms and jjojAlars. I'he master
could not have a more appropriate
resting-place than here by the side of
his great Avork ; a fiat slab of marble,
Avitli the inscription B. B. von Platen,
is the simjAle memorial to cover his
remains; his monument runs by at
his side.
* Motala, where all the steamers call
{Inns: Motala: Priuz Karl). Pop.
20U0. This toAvn is fast rising into
importance, in consequence of the
large iron foundries and manufactories
established here. They Avere esta¬
blished originally for the manufacture
of the iron implements, &c., required
in making the canal, under the ma-
I nagement of an Englishman of tlie
' name of Eraser. The ])oat usually
' stops long enough to enable the pas-
j sengers to see the i)lace, but great
Sweden.
ROUTE 4 . -THE WETTERN LAKE.
83
care should be taken, upon every occa¬
sion of leaving the vessel, to ascertain
from the captain himself the exact
time of departure, as instances have
occurred of passengers being left
behind. The largest iron foundries
and manufactories in Sweden are at
Motala. Iron steamers, steam-engines,
rolling-mills, &c., are made here.
Great efforts are made by the Govern¬
ment to improve the various native
manufactures, for which object a large
sum is annually expended. Intelligent
young men have been sent to England
and Germany to learn the most im-
jjroved methods of mannfacturing
cutlery, with a view of improving that
trade in Sweden. The best native
cutlery is produced at Eskilstuna, a
small town on the S. of the Malaren
Lake.
The ruins of the Fortifications at
Motala are the remains of the works
erected in 1567 to resist the passage
of the Danes.
The country aronnd IMotala is
beautiful; a short time might be
delightfully passed here in exploring
it, particularly along the E. shore of
the Wettern.
There is good shooting and fishing to
be had. The trout in the Wettern
attain a great size.
The Wettern Lahe.
The boat crosses late in the after¬
noon this lake, which is notoriously
subject to sudden s('|ualls, raising up
nasty chopping seas. In some j^arts
it is very deep, reaching soundings of
300 feet, and full of curients; the
water is like that of a clear spring.
These inland lakes are so vast that
land at times is nowhere visible.
Shortly after leaving Motala the
town of
Wadstena rises up on the left;
Hotel Bellevue. Pop. 2500. The
steamer is piloted cleverly into a
very small harbour close to its
Castle, which is one of the most
beautiful Eenaissance buildings in
Sweden. It is surrounded by walls
and moats, flanked by 2 dome-capped
towers, and has an imposing appear¬
ance. Internally, however, it does not
harmonize with its proud exterior. It
is in the hands of the Government,
and is shown by a custodian who lives
in a cottage behind the ca'tle. The
castle was bnilt in 1545 by Gnstavus
Wasa, but for him and his family it
was only connected with sorrowful asso¬
ciations. Duke Magnus, who inherited
this castle by the will of his father,
passed many years here in a state of
insanity, during which, on one occa¬
sion fancying he saw a beautiful mer¬
maid beckoning him, he cast himself
from a window of the second floor iuto
the moat, but was saved by a faithful
servant.
Duke Karl took Wadstena Castle by
storm: it was very much battered,
but afterwards restored by John III.
Wadstena Church, built 1395, con¬
tains a beautiful monumental touib of
DukelNTagnus, son of Gustaf Wasa, in
the clioir, as well as the graves of many
historical Swedes; also the shrine of
St. Bridget, to whom tlie ch. is dedi¬
cated, and an incised slab to Philippa,
daughter of Henry IV. of England,
wife of King Erick, d. 1430.
Beantiful pillow-lace is here offered
for sale, but it is not too cheap.
The steamer now steers straight
across the Wettern Lake toWanas Point,
where it arrives in about J an lioui-.
Here we have before us the Fortress of
KarJshorg, commenced in 1820 to de¬
fend the entrance of the canal. The
main walls follow Waniis Point, and
form an oval polygon. The fortifica¬
tions, which were never completed, en¬
tirely cover the wild and wooded Point.
Darkness will prevent the traveller
from seeing the beautiful waters of the
Viken, and the West Gotha Canal, and
the constant succession of locks, witli
the boat grinding against their sides,
together with the gurgling of the
water as it rushes in, is not conducive
to sleep.
84
EOUTE 4 . -FALLS OP TROLLHATTAN.
Sweden.
The LaJie Wil :en is soon reached, I
398 feet above the level of the sea ; it
is of the greatest importance to the
canal, forming as it does the reservoir
upon which the supply ot water for
the whole of the western line depends.
There are 19 locks from the key sluice
at 4’atorp to the Wenern.
At Pdcetstorp we pass the highest
point of the canal, where there is an
obelisk to the memory of Charles XIII,
Soon after we arrive at 'l orehoda, where
the W. Eailway from Stockholm to
Gothenburg crosses the canal. Here
the journey to Gothenburg, Stock¬
holm, or Copenhagen may be broken.
At Norquarn there are 2 sluices, with
a descent of 20 ft., and between these
is situated the greatest aqueduct on
the Gotha Canal. A brook is carried
through 4 arches under its bed.
At Sjdtorp^ where the canal enters
Lake Wenerip the scenery is very beau¬
tiful. It is a busy place, with its dry
docks, harbours, basins, and jetties.
Beyond the town of IMariestad is
seen the mountain of Kinnekulle, 327
ft. high, crowned with pine-forests and
.studded with villages and churches.
XTpon Kallandsb is seen the Lecho
Slott or palace. It is now in decay.
The best part of the day is occupied
in running down this enormous lake
(Wenern), at times almost out of sight
of the shore. It is 94 m. long, and its
greatest width is 43 m. Its surface is
148 above the level of the Kattegat;
its greatest depth is 350 ft.
The town of Wenersborg (Inns:
Stadshuset; Victor), 5300 inhab.,
.situated at the S. extremity of Lake
Wenern, is the residence of the Go¬
vernor of the Province of Eltsborg. It
was formerly fortified, and has several
times been sacked and plundered by
the Danes and Norwegians.^ In 1834
the town was destroyed by tire, which
spared only the Governor’s mansion
and the church. The new built town
is regular and ornamental, ami a pretty
pier acts as a breakwater to the waves
of the angry Wenern. It is connected
with Dalsland by a drawbi-idge and
pier called Dalbobron. Beautiful
view from the heights behind the
Dalbobridge at the imi Kasen.
The Ely. from Udilevalla to Herrl-
junga crosses the Gotha Canal here
(See Ete. 23.)
The mountains of Halleherget, 485
ft., and Hunneherget, 490 ft., upon the
bank of the Wenern, E. of the town
(a walk of 30 njiuutes), are interest¬
ing. (See Ete. 23.)
On leaving Wenersborg the steamer’s
course is not direct down the Gotha
river to the left, but into the little
bay of Wassbotten to the right, and on
to the Charles Canal, cut during the
reign of Charles IX. to avoid several
minor preludes to the Falls of Troll-
hattan that interrupt the passage of
the first part of the river.
The scenery is mostly flat and unin¬
teresting till arriving at
The Falls of Trollhattan. Hotel
facing the water, and close to the
landing-place of the steamers, a large
and commodious building; charges
moderate, attendance and food very
good.
The Gothenburg-Fahlun railroad
has a station here, before crossing the
river.
Those who can spare the time will
do well to remain there a few days
thoroughly to explore the beauties of
this part of the river.
Trollhattan (the cap of the Water-
witches) is a large village containing
3000 inhab., with extensive saw-mills
close upon the finest portion of the
first fall, all of Avhich rather detract
from the wildness and picturesque
eftect of the scenery. 4’he various mills
are worked by the falls, which repre¬
sent an amount of actual energy
which has been estimated at 225,000
horse-power.
The canal here is the most stupen¬
dous work upon the whole voyage.
Including a small lake which has
been taken advantage of, its length is
Sweden.
85
ROUTE 4.^-FALLS
about half a mile, most of which has
been blasted out of the solid rock.
The difterence of level between the
highest part of the canal at Trollhat-
tan and the point where it joins the
river below the falls, is about 120 E.
feet; there are 9 locks to be passed,
which usually occupy upwards of two
hours, affording the passengers suffi¬
cient time to see the falls. Imme¬
diately adjoining the river there is a
double line of locks, those originally
constructed having been found too
small for the steamers and increased
traffic on the line. Do not omit to see
the lovely views from the cliffs near
the locks, from whence the engineering
difficulties which have been over¬
come can be best appreciated. From
thence all the way up to the falls,
which may be heard thundering in
the distance, the ground inclosed be¬
tween the canal and river is highly
picturesque. There are several pretty
villas, saw-mills, &c., in the pine-wood
which runs along the margin of the
canal, and the walks in this wood lead
to some beautiful spots on the banks
of the river, which there rushes along
its rocky bed 100 feet below.
The falls are 7 in number, altogether
112 feet in height. The names are
GuUij fall, Toppo, Stampestrom, three
called Helvetes, and Flotthergstrom.
Toppo fall is the highest, 44 feet. But
they are in fact magnificent cataracts
rather than falls, and those who visit
them after seeing some of the grand
waterfalls of Norway, will perhaps
consider they have been somewhat
overrated. One of the great beauties
here is the vast body of water always
in the river. Upon the brink of the
first fall it is divided by a small
rocky island covered with firs, and
the view of the dark waving line of
the water just there, ere it rushes
down over the rocks below, is one of
the finest points of sight. From the
platform at the back of the saw-mill,
next the fall, is the best spot to see
it. Several fatal accidents which have
occurred here prove that it is certain
OF TEOLLHATTAN.
death to go down this fearful stream.
The last instance was that of a man
who in crossing the river in a boat was
carried over. Several persons saw the
accident, and as he reached the brink
he coolly stood up and waved his hat—
in an instant after he was dashed to
pieces amidst the rocks and whirliwols
below.
Lower down the river, but nearly
on a level with the summit of the falls,
is the Kungsgrottan, a curious excava¬
tion in the solid rock, nearly in tlie form
of a hemisphere, on the sides of which
are written, in large coarse characters,
the names of a great number of
Swedish monarchs and distinguished
persons who have come hither ■ to
behold the w'onders of Trollhattan.
It is at present high above the bed of
the Gotha river, nor can one readily
understand how by the agency of
water alone such a gradually curving
surface could have been produced.
The most probable explanation is that
this rock has formed at some remote
period a portion of the bed of a
primeval glacier, whose torrents, whirl¬
ing round loose stones, drilled holes in
the rock, like the “pot-holes” found
in England and elsewhere.
Near this spot and from another
small island in the bed of the river
which is reached by a bridge, the
finest general views of the falls are
obtained. A toll of 25 o. is payable
for a ticket to cross this bridge. None
of the falls are of great height, and
soon after passing the second island
the river forms a succession of fine
rapids for about an Eng. mile, and
then flows tranquilly onwmrds. The
banks of the stream are very rocky
and precipitous, and on the W. side
covered wnth trees wherever there is
room for their roots to cling.
The fishing in the river is very poor.
After passing the locks at I'roll-
hattan, the steamer again enters the
Gotha river, which is thenceforth very
picturesque all the way to Gothen¬
burg, although widely different in
character. For some miles below the
86
ROUTE 5.-STOCKHOLM TO NYKOPING.
Sweden.
locks the banks remain rocky and
precipitous, with beautiful mosses,
lichens, heaths, and j^ine-trees cling¬
ing about them.
Lilia Edet is a large village, with
several good houses and shops, about
13 Eng. m. below Trollhattan, and
there is a comfoi’table Inn^ close to
the fine fall which the river makes
here. The fishing is usually better
than up the stream, where it is being
constantly poached. The country
aronnd is also very lovely.
On passing the last locks below
Ifilla Edet, the banks become less
Avild, and the river soon flows tran¬
quilly through a rich plain, Avitli low,
luit very abruj^t, hills at intervals.
Tlie banks are covered with enormous
beds of rushes, which aftbrd shelter
to quantities of wild fowl. The flap-
l)er-shooting here is said to be excel¬
lent.
rt. The extensive ruins of the old
castle of Bohns on an island are passed
on the W. Here the river divides, and
a large branch, flowing past Bohns and
the small town of Kongelf, enters the
sea by the Elve Fjord. From Avliere the
river separates to Gothenburg is 10 E.
m.; the character of the scenery re¬
mains the same as that about Bobus;
the upi^er portion of Gothenburg is
seen a long distance before reaching
it. The steamer is laid alongside the
quay, and porters are in attendance,
whose charges are fi.xed by tariff.
Goihenhurg (see Kte. 3).
EOUTE 5.
STOCKHOLM TO NYKOPING, BY FLEN
JUNCT.
The snme as Rte. 3, as far as
Elen Junct. Slat.
Wadsbro Slat.
Bettna.
Wrena Slat.
Stirjtomta Stat.
Larslund Stat.
Nykoping (/rtw; Assemblee Kallaren)
cliief town of the province of Sbdei man-
land, and residence of its governor, witli
about 5000 inhab., situated on a small
river of the same name, which connects
the great network of lakes in the in¬
ferior of the province with the Baltic.
Its principal export is corn. The (dd
town of Nykdping had a Avcalthy
Franciscan convent and a castle, Nyhu-
piugshus, the scene of many sieges and
daik deeds, especially under the Fol-
kung dynasty. Here Magnus Ladulas
kept Ids brother and predecessor AVal-
demar in prison, and the son Birger
starved his brothers Erik and Wal-
demar to death. Charles IX. died,
and his daughter Catherine and In-r
son Charles X. were born here. Castle
and town were destroyed by the Rus¬
sians in 1719, but some ruins of the
former remain. The new town is
pleasantly situated, has 2 churches, a
fine square with a spring fountain, and
several manufactories, the principal
among which is the engine factory,
belonging to the H5gbo Company fsee
Rte. 17), with foundry, rolling mills,
ship-wharf, &c., and Avhtre iron
steamers, locomotives, and other rail¬
way plant are constructed.
Amongst places in the neighbour¬
hood may be mentioned —Sviirta iron¬
works, beautifully situated, Ilarg's
colton-mills, Arno island and manor,
Wciderhrnnn agricultural school, and
Sweden.
ROUTE 6.-STOCKHOLM TO KRISTIANIA.
87
the manor of Sjosa, with pretty gnr-
dens, and a handsome dwelling-house,
which in 1719 was saved from the
Russian depredators by an old woman
beating a drum on their approach,
which frightened them away. The
ghost of Cliailes XII., shot but the
year before, was still potent against
his depopulated country’s enemies.
Steamers leave Nykdping for Stock¬
holm, length of journey 7^ hrs.; for
Norrkdping, passage about 5 hrs.
The distance by road N. to Stockholm
is neatly 75 Eng. m. by :—
Srdrdshro, 15 E. m.
Sfoi'a Ahy, 18J E. m., near the little
town of Trosa on the coast.
rU'irog, 13J E. ra.
Sddertelje, 10 E. m.
Fitja, 18 J E. m.
Stockholm, 10 E. m.
The distance S. to Norrkoping is
nearly 40 E. m.
Tlie railway is continued beyond
Nykoping to
Oxelosund, where there is a good
harltour. The steamer which passes
through the Gota Canal from Gothen¬
burg to Stochholrn touches here.
From Flen, in tlie opposite direction,
the rail is carried on to
Mellosa.
Ilelhforsims.
Jlallsta.
SJiogstorp.
EsJiihtuna Stat. (see Rte. 2).
ROUTE 6.
STOCKHOLI\I TO KRISTIANIA, BY KARL¬
STAD AND ARVIKA—RAIL.
2 trains daily in about 18 hours.
The most direct route is by rly.,
fokowing Ihe Western main line, to
Gotl.enburg, as far as
Laxd Junct. Stat. (see Rte. 8).
Here the main line branches off
to Wermland and Norway, on which
are tiie following stations :—
llasselfors.
Svartd.
35 kil., 21J E.‘ m., from Laxa,
Degerfors Junct. Stat. Branch Rly.
to Nora Ironworks.
Bjdrnehorg Ironworks.
Christinehamn Stat., 61 kil., 38
E. m., from Laxa (Irms: Jeinvag’s
Hotel; Societetshuset), which town is
reached in 7f hrs. from Stockholm. It
has about 4000 Inhab., and is chiefly
remarkable for the great Fasting fair
held here in the middle of IMarch, at
which the iron-masters and timber
producers of Wermland and Nericia
make their contracts with the Gothen¬
burg merchants. There are steam¬
boats twice a week to Gothenburg
and Wenersborg. The rly. has been
oiiened to the W. of this town, tra¬
versing a country generally fiat, but ex¬
hibiting some of the best specimens of
Swedish farming, by Olme, IFase, and
ShaWidrr Stats, to
Karlstad Stat., 101 kil., G2J E. m.,
from Laxa. (Itms: Stads Hotel, good ;
Kristiania, Rly. restaurant.) This is
the chief town of Wermland, the resi¬
dence of the governor, and the seat of
a bishoinic. Fop. 6500. Iron, timber,
and grain are the staples of export. In
1865 the town was almost entirely
burnt down, but is built up again in
an improved style, and the N.W.
railway is making it more important
than ever. Great Fair in July (Pers-
messan). It is situated on the large
island of TingA'alla, formed by the
mouths of the Clar river, at the head
of the Wenern Lake.
During open water, it has regular
communication by steamers with the
towns on the shores of that lake, as
well as through the Gotha Canal, with
Stockholm and Gothenburg.
The drives and walks in the neigh¬
bourhood of the town are numerous
88
EOUTE 7. -CHRTSTINEHAMN TO PHILIPSTAD.
Sweden.
and very pleasing, amidst the vast ;
pine - forests, which border the lake
and river. Those who are fond of
fishing and shooting will find this town
a good place for both. “ Most of the
birds common to the nortliern forests
are found in the vicinity and amongst
the reed-beds in the nmnerous in¬
lets of the Wenern; wild ducks are
plentiful, as well ns snipes. Excellent
angling is also to be had in Wenern.”
— Lloyd, ‘ Field Sports in the North.’
Salmon, pike, trout, &c., attain a
large size here. Salmon also abound
in the Clar river, but will rarely
take either fly or other bait. The
-'scenery of the upper part of the Clar
river is highly j)ictnresque ; it abounds
in fine cataracts and rapids, and a
road leads up its left bank, through¬
out the whole extent of the valley,
towards Eoraas in Norway. A very
long distance in the same direction
may be accomplished by taking steamer
from Karlstad up the river as far as
Jjycltan, thence proceeding by rail a
short distance to Frykstad, and fur¬
ther by steamer up the course of the
Fryken lakes to Thorsby at their
upper end, a journey occupying alto¬
gether some 8 or 9 hrs.
From Karlstad the N.W. Ely. is
carried through
Share Stat. on the Clara Elv.
Kil Junct. Stat. Here the railroad
crosses the great railway from Gothen¬
burg to Trollhattan to Falun. Kil is
121 kil., 75 E. m., from Laxa.
The river Norselven outlet of the
Frykeu Lake is crossed on this stage
on a bridge, 600 ft. long and 64 ft.
high.
Fagerds Stat,
Brunsberg Stat. Passing a tunnel,
the train emerges on the wooded shore
of Lake Vermelen, which is crossed
on an embankment,
Edane Stat., and arrives at
Arvika StaL, 169 kih, 104| E. m.,
from Laxa (Inns : H. Kristiania;
Stadshuset; and Kail, restaurant), a
market-town, with 1300 inhab., situ¬
ated at the upper end of the Glafs-
fjord, which by the By river and Sefiie
canal communicates with the Lake
Wenern, and along which steamers
proceed, four times a week, to Amal
and Gothenburg. In the neighbour¬
hood are the fine estates of TF^7^:,
Shbnvik, and Sund, together with nu¬
merous iron and glass-works, &c.
Ottebol Stat.
Amot. Many rock-cuttings.
203 kih, 126 E.m.,from Laxa, Char-
lottenherg Stat. (Eail. restaurant.)
This is the last station on the Swedish
side. Here baggage is examined on
entering Sweden, and carriages are
changed. Lienee the rly. continues
across the Norwegian frontier to
Kongsvinger Stat, {Inns • Eailway
restaurant with rooms; Msollerud’s
Hotel, and Jensens, but both distant
from the station) and
Kristiania Stat., where the train
arrives in about 6 hrs. from Arvika.
(See Handbook for Norway.)
EOUTE 7.
CHRISTINEHAMN TO PHILIESTAD.
EAIL.
39 E. m. in 3 hrs.
Christinehamn in Ete. 6.
The interior of Wermland is rich
in communications, both natural and
artificial. Stations; Ndssundet, Stor-
fors, Nykroppa, Herrhult (where the
line branches off to Falun), Gammal-
kroppa, Nyhhttan, where the line
branches to the E. to Persberg on Lake
Yngen, and to the W. to Philipstad.
6| E. m. to the N. of Christinehamn
is Sjodndan Stat. the loading-place,
Sweden.
ROUTE 8.-STOCKHOLM TO MALMO.
89
on the Bergsjo lake. This lake, by a
navigable river, communicates with
the Ullvettern, Frovettern, and Alk-
vetterii lakes, which latter, through
the Kiver Tims, flows into Lake
i\Iuckeln, to the S.E. The latter also
receives the Kiver Svart-an, draining a
number of lakes to the N., and
empties itself by the Kiver Let, to the
8., into the great lake of Skagern,
which through the Gullspang river
joins Wenern, some miles S. of Cliris-
tinehamn. Ullvettern communicates
to tlie N. with lake Ojevettern, this by
a canal with Lake Aspen, and this by
another canal with Lake Daglosen, at
the N. end of which is the town of
Philipstad Stat., 2200 inhab. {Inn:
Gastgifvaregarden), beautifully situ¬
ated on a river, navigable still further
N. as far as the Lersjo lake, and in
the neighbourhood of the great iron-
inines of Taberg, Pehrsberg, &c. To
the N.E, Ojevettern is connected
with the Ostersjon lake; this with
Lake Yngen, from which a tramway
leads W. to Philipstad, another N. to
Lake Langban, and another E. to the
Saxen lake. In this manner tlie in¬
numerable mines, foundries, forges,
farms, and forests, by which these lakes
are surrounded, have easy means of
communication with each other, as
well as with Wenern, and through
that lake and the KiveT Gotha, with
the North Sea. The scenery is gene¬
rally very picturesque along these
routes, by making use of which the
tourist, if not afraid to rough it a little,
may explore large tracts of country in
the mining districts of E. Wermland
and W. Nericia; and the sportsman
will find much good shooting and fish¬
ing. A steamer runs in summer be¬
tween Sjoimdan and Philipstad, and
from thence a road leads N. through
much wild country, and skirting the
immense forests between the Clar and
W. Dal rivers, mentioned in Kte. 17,
about 10 m. to Nds, between Jerna
and Floda on the road to Falun (see
Kte. 17;.
From Philipstad a railway goes to
Daglosen Stat. on the Gothenburg"
Falun line. To the S.W. the high
road from Philipstad goes by Bratts-
fors, E. m.; Upperud, 13;j E. m.;
and Prestgdrden, 11 j E. m.; to Karl¬
stad.^ 8^ E. m.
There is a route from Philipstad to
Karlstad by Daglosen and Kil Junction
(Kte. 0).
There is a railway from Philipstad
72 kil., E. m., to the N.W. to
Edehack, where there are extensive
iron-works. Tlie intermediate sta¬
tions are unimportant.
KOUTE 8.
STOCKHOLM TO MALMO, BY KATRTNE-
HOLM, NORRKOPING, LINKOPING,
NASSJO, Al-FVESTA, HESSLEHOLM,
ESLOF, AND LEND.
Itailway, G18 kil., 383 Eng. m.
Two through trains daily in 18 hrs.
The fast night train 15J hours.
This Kte. is the same as Kte. 3, as
far as
Katrineholm Junct. Stat., where it
turns due S. to Norrkoping.
Leaving Katrineliolm, the line
crosses part of Sodermanland, travers¬
ing tunnels near Grafversfors and Aby
Stats.
182 kil., 113 E. m., from Stockholm,
Norrkoping, 48 kil., 29f E. m. from
Katrineholm. Inns : Central Hotel;
Nya Hotellet, Karl Johans Torg ;
Stora Hotellet. Seaport at the head
of Braviken, a long fjord from the
Baltic, where it receives the waters
of the IMotala river, augmented by
its passage through the large Lake
Gian, and in its impetuous course
90
ROUTE 8. —NORRKUPING-LINKOPING.
Sweden.
formini^ rapids and cascades, the mo¬
tive i^wer of numerous mills, wliich
have made Norrkdping the chief ma¬
nufacturing town of Sweden. Pop.
27,01)0. Ivestaurants and cafe's in
Stadshuset. and at hotel TF 0 (pro¬
nounced vesex). The Town-licdl^ fine
building in the great square, the
centre of which is ornamented with a
statueofCharles Jolin XIV.. hj Scliwan-
th(d^r, Norrkoping was entirely burnt
down by the Russians in 1710, and again
sutfered by four great fires in the first
quarter of the present century. It is
tlierefore now essentiall}'' a modern
town and consequently spacious, and
generally well built, though it boasts
of no very striking edifices, except the
(Jollege. or Elementary School, wliich
is a noble building, erected on an
eminence, at the top of a broad street.
Four 1 nidges cross the stream, which
is divided by two islands, the Lax-
holm and the Bruk.sholm, commanding
striking views. The coronation of
(lustavus Adolphus took place in this
town in 1800.
jManufactures, ship-building, and
commerce, are the chief occupations of
Norrkoping. The principal among its
numerous factories are Ilolmen for
woollens, cotton goods and paper. Drag,
Smedjeholm, and Bergsbro for woollens,
NorrJiopiug for cotton goods, Gryt and
J>erg for cotton yarn, Malcolm’s for
machinery, 6rre^en for sugar, TliorsTtag
for cotton yarn and broadcloth, besides
many others.
A great wool fair is held in July,
and there is a public warehouse, where
wool is stored on warrants. Of the
8 shipbuilding yards, Nija Varfmt,
Gamla Varfvet, and Mokda Varf, the
two latter belong to Motala, and here
the Swedish monitors are built.
Steamers leave for Stockholm, by
way of Sddertelje and intermediate
stations three times a week—passage
10 hrs.; and in a S. direction twice
a week, for Westervik, Oskarshamn,
Monsteras, Borgholm, and Kalmar,—
passage 18 hrs.
Kolmarden Marble quarries are
10 Eng. m. E. of Norrkoping, and at an
equal distance in S.W. the chateau of
Ldt'sta, originally built by field-mar¬
shal Axel Lilje, and afterwards in
the possession of the families De la
Oardie and bVi’sen. It has a library
of nearly 8000 volumes, and in the
park there is a monument to Count
Axel Eerseu, the friend of Marie An¬
toinette, who acted as coachman in the
attempted flight of Louis XVI. to Va-
rennes, and subsequently was brutally
murdered by an excited mob in Stock¬
holm in 1810.
The most magnificent chateau in the
neighbourhood is Finspong, on Lake
Glaii, 18J E. 111 . from the town, formerly
in possession of the Counts De Geer,
now the property of Mr. Karl Ekman.
The library here is considerable ; like¬
wise the picture gallery, with paint¬
ings attributed to Titian, Guido Reui,
Rubens, and Jordaens. There is also
a theatre, and a chapel with organ in
one of the wings. The park is not
very extensive, but there is quite a
little town of comfortable dwellings
for the large number of workmen em¬
ployed in the cannon and other foun¬
dries, bar-iron forges, blasting furnaces,
rolling-mills, engine factory, and saw¬
mills, belonging to the estate.
The Rly. next turns S.W., crosses
the large river IMotala, coming from
Lake Wetter, and, passing near Count
Piper's chateau Lofsta, crosses the
Gotha Canal near Norsholm Stat.
By a long bridge over the StangA,
river, it reaches
229 kib, 142 E. m., from Stockholm,
Linkoping Stat. [Inns: Stora
Hotellet, with stables—good ; Hotel du
Nord; and Hotel Drufvan). This
is the chief town of the province of
East Gotland and residence of its
governor, as well as of the bishop of
the diocese. It is built in a rich
plain, upon the river Stanga, a short
distance from its junction with the
Roxen lake, which lies to the N.
8500 Inhab.
The Cathedral is a Gothic structure,
Sweden.
ROUTK 8. — EKSJO-WIMMERBY.
next to the cathedral of Upsala the
larg-est in Sweden, being 329 ft, by
97 It. wide and 55 ft. liigh. It Qonsists
of 3 aisles of equal height : its arched
roof supported by 20 massive columns.
The altar-piece is a colossal group in
plaster by Bystrom. The tower, re¬
built in the 18th cent., is rather mean¬
looking. Several persons celebrated
in Swedish history are buried in it.
The Cathedral is undergoing a thoi ough
restoration, and a stone spire, 50 ft,
higher than the present structure, is
to be added.
The consistorial Library is, in some
respects, ricli and valuable. There are
upwards of30,000 vols.,includiuga large
collection of rare editions of the Bible
in various languages, besides a number
of manuscripts. It was obtained in
great part by tlie Swedish commanders
in the Thirty Years’ War, from German
monasteries. Attached to this library
there is likewise a collection of an¬
tiquities, a small cabinet of specimens
of natural history, and a highly in¬
teresting numismatic collection.
Close to the bridge across the
Stanga the memorable battle of Stan-
gebro was fought 25th Sept., 1596,
when Sigismund was defeated by his
ancle, who was soon afterwards elected
king of Sweden, as Charles IX.
A steamer keeps up communication
with Berg, Norsholm, ami other places
on the Lake Boxen, meeting the canal-
steamers in their course. A steamer
leaves Hafvetorp after arrival of an
omnibus, which takes 2 hrs. from Lin-
koping, and proceeds along a very
long and irregular lake, running
down S. through the Kinda Kanal
to the southern part of the province,
and celebrated for the beauty of
their scenery. On the banks of this
water may be noticed many fine coun¬
try-seats— JJomsherg, Frosvik, Norro,
lialJsta, Uroliiid, Westerly, Scihy, Ce-
'.lersherg, Stafsitter, and others —adding
to the picturesque effect of the land¬
scape.
Other places of note, nearer to Lin-
kbping, are : Nyqvarn, its harbour on
91
the Boxen; Sturefors, on the Lake
Erlangen, and
Atvidaherg, by the posting stations
of Eillinge and Orsater m S.E. This
is at present the richest copper-mine
in tlie country, and belongs to Baron
Adelsvlird of A deisms, the only terri¬
torial barony still existing in Sweden.
The chateau, with its park, gardens,
and forcing-houses, its breeding-stud
and cattle-farm; the mines, with their
machinery and railway, and the exqui¬
site natural beauty of the surrounding
parts of Tjust, are well worth the ex¬
cursion to see. Atvidaherg is also a
station on the railroad Norsholm-
Vestervik.
After leaving Linkbping the railway
proceeds by wav of
Mantorj) to Mjblby Junction, and
thence by
Boxliolm,
Trands, and
Anehy, to
Fds^jo Junct. Stat. This is the
highest rly. stat. in Sweden, 1044 ft.
above the sea, and the junction witli
lines from Oskarshamn in the E.,
Mai mb in the S., Halmstad in the
S.W,, and Jbnkbping in the N.W.
350 kil. from Stockholm.
[From Nassjb a Ely. goes east¬
ward to
Eksjo Stat., an inland town with
about 3000 inliab., near to which is a re¬
markable fissure in the ground, 20 ft.
wide and 128 ft. deep. From Eksjo,
the railway proceeds, by Hult, Bruza-
holm. Ingatoiq), to
Hultsfred Junction, a point of
divergence of the branch lines ;—
N.E. to TFcsterv/Zv* (Ete. 12).
S.E. to Oskarshamn (Ete. 12).
and hi. to
Wimmerby, an inland town of some
2000 inhab., the centre of many agri¬
cultural estates and iron - works ;
another line runs from Fluitsfred by
Hvena and Ankarsrum to IVestervik,
on the Baltic (see Ete. 12). The
Ely. Stats, are Ingatorp, Emarp,
92
ROUTE 8.—ALFVESTA TO MALMO.
Sweden, ^
Hultsfred, Molilla, llosenfors, Lills-
jodal, Berga, Fagerslmlt, to
OSKARSHAMN (SOO Eto. 12).]
At Ndsfijo the rly. turns southward,
by the chateau of Ingarpsherg, on the
rt,, between the lakes of Runneryd and
Ingberg, and into the Smaland high¬
lands, the train passing the stat. of
Sandsjd, and stopping at
Sdfsjo Stat., on the lands of Ekesjd
Hofgdrd, where Svante Sture resided
before he became administrator, and
after him many notabilities, be¬
longing to the Lewenhaupt, Wrede,
Lillie, De la Gardie, and other
families. Further on is
Stockaryd Stat. Tlie old ch. has
paintings on roof and walls like those
at Habo. Torands, Spexhult, Fritisnds,
Frinsjors, Sdfsjo, Orshyholm, and Lam-
liidt, are country-seats seen on the way
from Nassjo. The train now passes by
the stat. of Lamlmlt, and through a
desolate district of bogs and woods
but rich in antiquarian remains, to
Molieda Stat., whence there is
communication by coach with Wer-
namo and Jonkoping (see above).
About here are several lakes, the bot¬
toms of which yield large cjuantities
of bog-iron. In passing one of these,
the Dansjo, which appears behind Gdf-
vetorp Agricultural Institute, a huge
cairn is observed on the opposite bank,
which is connected with an old tra¬
dition of Blenda, at the head of the
women of Warend Humlred, having
destroyed a Danish army which, du¬
ring the absence of the men, had in¬
vaded the country. In recognition of
this service, the king on his return
conferred on the women of Warend
the privilege of inheriting equal shares
with their brothers. The time of this
occurrence is too remote for its truth
to be vouched for by history, but cer¬
tain it is that of all women in Sweden
those of Warend only, by ancient
usage, took equal shares in patrimony
with the men, until the late King
Oscar extended this privilege to all
the country. The train next stops at
Atfvesta Stat., where 15 min. are;
allowed for refreshments. A Rly. here j
diverges to Wexio, Kalmar, and Karls-1
krona (Rte. 9). Before reaching ^
Kalmar, a line branches off at Nyhro
to the N.W. to the iron-works of
Sd/sjdstrom.
[The prevailing characteristic of
the scenery between Alfvesta and
Hahnsted is tame; ground flat. Some
hills occur, but not of great height; but
these, with the broken ground, lakes,
streams, and extensive woods, render
some of the views en route very pleas¬
ing. The wliole province of Sma¬
land, indeed, is intersected with lakes,
presenting every variety of shape,
some of them of considerable extent,
and studded with small islands, as,
for instance, the tJelga, mentioned
above ; the Asnen, not far from the
road between Wexio and Karlskrona ;
the Viddstern, near Wernamo, along
which and part of the River Laga, a
road runs S. by Tdnnd, 6JE m.,Ddrarp,
10 E. m., and lngelstad,]0 E. m., to
Ljungby, 13J E. m., where the river is
crossed by the road from Alfvesta to
Halmstad, and in the neighbourhood of
which stat. tlie blackcock-shooting is
well spoken of; the Bolmen, passed on
the same road between Trollestorp and
Skeen; the Salen, Strdken, Mockeln,
and a number of others.]
Alfvesta to Malmd.
The train leaving Alfvesta for the S.
passes by
Wislanda Stat. ; thence to Liatorp
with Lake Mdckeln on the rt., while on
the 1. lies the humble little curate’s
cottage of
lidshult, the birthplace of Linnoeus,
May 13th, 1707, in front of whicli an
obelisk has been raised to his memory.
[From Wislanda a line branches off
by Grimsl^of, on the Asnen Lake, Torno,
Ulfdn, Alshult, Almundsryd, Hof-
mansbygd, Harnas, and Svaugstaden,
to Karlshamn, 78 kil., 48| E. m., from
Sijoeden.
93
ROUTE 8.-ESLOF JUXCT. TO MALMU-LUXD.
V'islanda (see Ete. 12). Also a line to
;lie "W. by llijsshij, and LJunghii to
Bolmen, 51 kil., SH E. m., from Wis-
anda. liolmen stands on a lake of
he same name, 28 E. id. long by G
)road, the source of the river Lagad.]
Elmhult, the last station in Smd-
and. The country about here is
revy poor and desolate. At Getabdck
;he rly. enters Skane.
Oushy. A little beyond this station
he line crosses the Helga river on
in iron bridge, near the pretty
Dushy Lake, with its leafy shores and
slands, but for the rest the country
jontinues to wear a dreary and deso-
ate aspect, as if a curse was still upon
he ground, ravaged for past centuries
)y !8wede and Dane alike, when it
vas the border land between them,
in this hundred of Gbinge were
ilso the chief quarters of the Siiapp-
lanar, guerilla-bands of the utmost
laring and activity, causing no end
)f trouble to Charles XI., when de¬
ending Ids father’s conquests against
he attacks of the Danish king.
llddveda Stat. is passed, and the
rain stops at
332 E. m. Jlesslelwlm Junct. Stat.
Ily. from Hessleholm Junct. to Engel-
lolm, Ilelsiugborg, and Kristianstad
Ete. 10).
The train, after leaving Hessleholm,
kirts the pretty shore of Einja lake to
he rt., passing by the country-seat of
Lofdala and Sosdala station. Tlie
ine now approaches the most fertile
)arts of SUitne, as it enters the county
»f IMalmbhus. The next station is
Ibbr, whence a little branch line runs
0 the village of llorhy.
Ilvdr. The line continues along the
)eautiful I.ake Eing, encircled with
)eech-woods, and bearing upon its
hores the noble mansions of Bosjd-
’Uoster, FuUtofta, OushyJtolm, and
(tilers. Ste]ta(/s Stat. is passed by.
n the neighbourhood are the great
•states of Trollealis and TruUeholm;
UilHiuje, with a very tine ch. : lids-
haja, near to which is Odensjun, an
extinguished crater, and many other
volcanic indications; Herrevadskloster,
a large chateau near Aby (see above),
and in immediate vicinity to the ex¬
tensive camping-ground of Bonarps
Heath. But few of these places, how¬
ever, can be seen from the train.
362 E. m. from Stockholm, Esidf
Junct. Stat. (Inns: Jernvags-IIotcllct;
Nil sun’s, very fair.) This is the most
central rly. station in the province,
and from here diverge branch-lines, in
a S.E. and S. direction to Ystad,
trains run in about 3 hrs., and in a W.
and N.W. direction to Laiidskrona and
Helsingborg.
Esiof Jmict to Mahno.
The next station, Ortofta, is passed
by, close to the chateau of the same
name, as well as several other country
mansions, and the train again stops at
372 E. m. Lund Stat. Inns and
restaurants: Stadshuset, in the great
square, good; the Ikdhoay Hotel,
and Skandinavien. Plorses and car¬
riages for Dalby, E. m. distant, can
be had at the Stadshuset, price 3 kronor
20 b., two horses. This town. Bishop’s
see and University, with about 14,000
inhab., is of higli antiquity. It is situ¬
ated ill a plain of considerable extent,
through which runs the Ilbje river,
which in olden times was navigable
up to the town. In the times of
Paganism, Lund was a city of great
commerce, with 80,000 Inhab. It was
then surrounded with fortitications of
wood, and tilled with the booty amassed
by the warlike Scanians in their pi¬
ratical expeditions.
In the middle ages Lund was the
scat of an archbishop, who was con¬
sidered the Primate of the North.
The Scandinavian monarchs, within
whose dominions this jiart of Sweden
was formerly comprised, were elected
sovereigns of Skilne, on the hill of
SUmrebacken. about 4 ni. from the
town. Christian II. appears to have
94
EOUTE 8.-LUND UNIVERSITY.
Sweden
been the last who observed this cere¬
mony. Near this hill and Wallkarra
oh. a most sane;uinary battle was
fought 1st December, 1676, when
Charles XI. attacked and routed the
Danes under Christian V., on which
occasion upwards of 10,000 men pe¬
rished. So desolating were the wars
waged in and about tliis rich province
during the latter part of tlie 17th
centy., that when Charles XII. took
up his headquarters at Lund in 1716,
the town had only 680 inliab.
The chief object of attraction here is
the University, which, except that ot
Upsala, is the only one in Sweden.^
“ Lund Univeusity. —The new build¬
ing was finished in 1882, and 200 yeai'S
after the re-establishment of the uni¬
versity, in 1682, by Charles XI. The
university was opened 1668, under
Charles XI. Its professors were then
Danes, Germans and Swe'les. When
the Danes took back the province of
Scania from Sweden, the University
of Lund was for a short time dissolved,
in order not to encroach upon the func¬
tions of that of Copenhagen. Charles
XL reopened it, as stated above. Dur¬
ing the wars of Charles XII., Lund
University, like other institutions, was
much neglected and fell into decay;
bnt it gradually rose again after that
king’s reign, until it rearhed its most
flourishing period in 1728. In that
year Kilian St(d3£eus, who was the
teacher of Linnajus, founded the na¬
tural history section of the university.”
[Pufiendorf, who, next to Grotius. is
the great authority in matters of i)ublic
law, was appointed Professor in tliis
University in 1670, and here he pub¬
lished his celebrated work, Be Jure
Naturae et Gentium.']
“ The university again losing its high
rank amongst Nort.iiern schools, and
falling into decay, in 1829 it obtained
tiie first state subsidy, which has since
been increased year by year. The
new buildings were erected at the
country’s expense. The plans are by
the arenitt ct Helgo Zettervall, sujjerin-
tendent and chief commissioner of
public works (in Sweden always an
eminent aichitect). The first stone
was laid on May 31, 1878, the site of
the new buildings being the old
botanical gardens, the remains of
which are now formed into a park
between them and the old buildings.
Toe latter, erected in 1800-1802, re¬
ceive the collections, for which no
room is provided in the new univer¬
sity buildings. The present univer¬
sity staif comprises 32 professors (or¬
dinary and extraordinary), 8 masters,
21 “docenti,” and 9 library officials.
I'he number of students is about 700.”
— Guilder, Jan. 13th, 1883.
The Library, open from 12 to 1,
contains upwards of 80,000 volumes,
besides 1000 manuscripts, many of
which are particularly interesting,
as for instance the Necrologium Lun-
dense, and Liber datieus Lundensis,
the oldest original Danish record
existing. There are several mu¬
seums : the Historical is rich in
antiquities of Sweden and Lapland,
and so is the Numismatic collection
in Anglo-Saxon and Roman coins and
medals; the collections of Natui al
History and Mineralogy also deserve
notice. Obs. the antiquities collected
by Professor Nil son, with a bone arrow
still sticking in a human skull!
Before the Reformation there were
no less than 6 monasteries and 21
churches here. Of the latter tliere
are now but 2, besides the *Cat]iedral,
which is a large, irregular structure,
built at different periods, and said to
be founded circa 1080; dedifati d
1145. It is 271 ft. long and 72 ft.
high inside; the roof is supjwrted by
18 columns. The only unaltered part
is the circular E. apse, in the Roman¬
esque style, surmounted by gablets,
said to imitate the crown of thorns.
The restoration of the Cathedral is
still going on. The carved stalls in
the choir should be noticed.
The transepts are reached by a flight
of steps. Obs. the bronze font and
the fine seven-branched candlesticks
of bronze, 13th centy., before the high
Sweden.
ROUTE 8.-MALMO.
95
alfar. Tlie organ (1836) is con¬
sidered the best in Swoilen. The
pulpit of alabaster, inlaid with marble,
and some of the tombs, relics, &c.,
preserved here, deserve notice. The
Crypt is, perhaps, the most remarkable
part of this ancient edifice. It is 126 ft.
long, 36 ft. broad, and 14 ft. high, resting
on 24 massive pillars. Attached to 2 of
the pillars, are quaint figures, said to
be Giant Finn, his wife and child,
turned into stone by St. Lawrence, for
trying to thwart him in the building
of the ch. Here is a splendid monu¬
ment to Archbp. Birger, 1520, and 2
other prelates; also a well of pure water.
Xot far from the cathedral, and in
an equally open situation, is the palace¬
like building of the Academical Society,
in front of which has been erected a
bronze statue of Tegner, modelled by
Qvarnstrom. Here is an art-museum,
a splendid assembly-hall, a club called
the Atheneeum, where foreign news¬
papers are kept, and travellers can be
introduced by members; also a very
good restaurant and cafe, oi^en to the
public.
Tne dwelling of Esnias Tegne'r the
poet, and the study where lie wrote,
are preserved unaltered.
There are several pleasant pdrks
and promenades about the town : Lnn-
dagdrd, Rdhy Park, Helgondba.cken,
the new Cemetery, the old and new
Botanical Gardens, Novilla, &c. At
some little distance is Dalhy, fonneily
the bishop’s residence, with a fine old
ch., and a ciypt in which the Danish
king Ilarald Hein lies buried. Furtlier
on rises up a solitary hill called
Itomeleldint, with extensive views from
the top, and the chateau of Bjornstorp
at its base.
T.eaving Lund the train proceeds
through a vast and fertile^plain, past
the chateau of Trolleherg, Aliarp Stat.,
and Alnarp Agricultural Institute, and
arrives at the handsome terminus in
383 E. m. Malmo Stat., after a jour¬
ney of 17 hrs. from the capital. (Inns:
Kramers H.; H. Svea; Gustaf Adolph.)
This is the chief town of the shire
of Midmohus, and residence of its
Governor; population 36,670. Situ¬
ated on the Sound, in the midst of
a flat but exceedingly fertile country,
at the end of a long line of rly., with
several manufactories, and a good,
though small, harbour; it is a busy
and tiourishing town, exporting largely
the grain of fertile Skmie, the granary
(Kornbod) of Sweden.
In former days Malmo was strongly
fortified, and a place of much import¬
ance. The walls have been destroyed,
but the red Castle remains; a low
building, flanked by 2 drum-towers,
and now used as barracks and a
prison. Bothwell, the third husband
of Mary Queen of Scots, was long im¬
prisoned here; he died in Denmark.
From the battlements, in clear weathei-,
Copenhagen may be seen to the W. with
the islands of Saltholm and Amager
between.
St Peter s is a fine ch., with transepts,
built 1313 of brick, in the Puinted style,
next to the Lund cathedral the most
considerable ch. in Skane; the Toum-
liall, in the principal square, built
1546, containing an antique Hall; and
Kockum’s ancient House, 15th centy.
There are not any pleasant drives
in the immediate neighbourhood of
Malmo. The beech-woods of Torup
are 2 m. to the E., the ciiateau and
gardens of Skahersjd, m. in S.E.
Steamers leave Malmo 8 times a day
for Coi)enhagen, 16 Eng. m. distant,
ill 1J hr., the last being at 10 p.m., and
daily for Stralsund in 6 or 8 hrs. Gee p.
5, Rte. H); twice a week for Gothen¬
burg, calling at intermediate ports on
the coast, and once or twice a week
for Stoekholm. calling at intermediate
ports along the E. coast, and 5 times
weekly to Lubeck.
Hailways from Malmo S.E., by
Skabersjo, Klorup aral JMarsvinsholm
to Ystad, N.E. to Stockholm.
The rijad from IMalmo to the N.
goes by Lomma,7^ E. m., Loddekoping,
64 E. in , Saxtorp, 64 E. in., and to
96
ROUTE 9 . -ALEVESTA TO KALMAR.
S'weden.
LancTskrona, E. m. Many large
estates are passed on tliis road. At
Klorup a rail brandies oft S. to
Trellkborg (Inn : Schweitz’s), a
small sea-port, shipping out consider¬
able quantities of corn, but otlierwise
uninteresting. Pop. 2000. Itis27E. m.
S. of Lund. The submarine telegraph-
cable to Stralsund is laid down here.
Nearly 19 E. m. to the S. of Malmo
Skanor and Falsterbo, two very
small towns on a neck of land jutting
out from the S.W. corner of Skane.
Both are places of great antiquity, and
there is an old saying, that ‘‘at the
birth of Christ, Skaubr and Lund
were flourishing.”
“ Nar Kristuslat sig foda
Stod Lund och SkanoT i gruda.”
In the middle ages the herring-
fishery brought riches, but the fish
have long since disappeared, and the
quicksand has nearly buried the
towns. Still there are several ancient
remains of interest, especially the two
churches, which are held in great ve¬
neration by the country people around,
especially that of Falsterbo, now partly
imbedded in the sand. That of Slcanor,
built by a Lubeck architect, has a crypt,
like the cathedral of Lund and the ch.
at Dal!)y, and an old font, sculptured
with figures of 20 ancient kings of
Norway, &c. The towns are neat and
trim, and mostly inhabited by seafaring
people, who earn their living by sailing
from other ports. Off Falsterbo there
is a long and dangerous reet. Hares
and foxes are limited on the adjoining
heath, and wild swans are plentiful,
especially in the bay N. of the penin¬
sula.
PtOUTE 9
ALFVESTA TO WEXIO, BY KALBAR AND
kaelskhona.
From Alfvesta (Rte. 8) a branch
Ply. diverges to Wexio, passing by
8 kih, .5 E. 111 ., Gemla,
13 kil., 8 E. m., Rdppe, on the Hel-
gasjo.
18 kih, 11 E. 111 ., Wexio Stat.
(Inns: Nya Hotellet ; Stadshuset),
the only town in the shire of Ki'o-
noberg, and resi lence of its gover¬
nor and a bishop, with about 4000
inhab., situated on the S. branch
of the romantic Helga Lake. An¬
ciently a place of pagan sacrifices, St.
Sigfrid, the apostle of Warend, caused
a ch. to be built here, around which
gradually rose a town. Ten times
burnt down in the course of five
centiu’ies, Wexio now presents the
appearance of a modern town, almost
entirely rebuilt since 1843. The Cathe¬
dral, restored by Professor Brunius,
somewhat in the whitewash style, is
160 ft. long by 103 ft. broad, and en¬
closes the tomb of St. Sigfrid. It has
an alta,rpiece by Schroder, a library ot
14,000 volumes and 300 manuscripts,
and a nnmismatic cabinet, with a bust
of Liniiams. F\\Q,Iligli School has a
fine building assigned to it. The
bishop’s house is called Ostrahy, situ¬
ated just outside tln^ town, at tlie end
of an avenue of old trees. It is in¬
teresting as having been fur many years
the residence of Bishop Esaias Tegner,
the great national poet.
Amongst reraaikable places in the
neighbourhood are the imposing ruins
of Kronoherg castle, from which the
shire takes its name, formerly called
Bislaqjsberg, a stronghold of the
bishops. On an island in the lake.
Sweden. route 10 . —helsingborg to kristianstad. 97
are the ruins of Berggvara, another
old castle in a bay of the lake, at one
time belonging to Karl Karlsson Gyl-
lenhjelm, the natural son of Charles
IX. Also note Kosta glass-manufac¬
tory, Lesseho paper-mill, several iron¬
works, EvedaVs mineral spring, with
promenades, &c.
From Wexio by Aryd, Hofmanstorp,
Lessebo, G&samala, Emmahoda, Orsjo,
Xybro, Trekanten and Smedby to
Kalmar Stat., on the Baltic ("see Rte.
12). From Emmahoda the train passes
through Vissefjarda, Holmsjo, Bostorp,
Kcideby to
Karlskeona (see Kte. 12).
BOUTE 10.
HELSINGBORG TO KRISTIANSTAD, BY
HESSLEHOLM JUNCT.
Helsingborg Stat. (Inns : Hotel
Mollberg, dear; Hotel d'Angleterre;
Oresund). Carriages may be had at
both for excursions.
Steamers several times a day for
Elsinore, ciossing the Sound in 30
minutes, whence there is rly. com¬
munication with Copenhagen. The
same coasting-steamers touch here as
at Landskrona.
Helsingborg, a seaport on the straits
of Elsinore, with 11,500 inhab., ex¬
ports chiefly corn. It is a very old
town, the scene of many important
historical events, planted on the nar¬
rowest part of the Sound, nearly oppo¬
site the Danish Hehingbr (Elsinore).
A great battle was fought here on the
28th February, 1710, when Magnus
Stenbock, during the absence of Charles
XII. in Eussia, completely defeated
the invading Danes. A monument
\Sweden.~\
marks the spot where Bernadette first
set foot on Swedish ground, just a
hundred years afterwards. After a
great fire in 1425, the town was re¬
moved by Eric XIII. to its present
site. Before that time it probably
surrounded the old Castle, which was
finally demolished in 1680, but of which
the beep, of 4 stories, somewhat Nor¬
man in character, still partly remains,
in grim solitude, on a hill, from which
the view over the Sound, the sur¬
rounding plain, and the opposite
shore of Seeland, with Elsinore and
Kronborg Castle, is extremely beautiful,
particularly at sunset. S. of this hill
is the college, a very handsome mo¬
dern building. The Church, with pro¬
jecting tower and gabled roof, ends in
an apse to the E., and is an interesting
example of Northern mediaeval Gothic,
restored.
Tycho Brahe, the astronomer, was
born Dec. 14, 1546, at Knudslorp, an
ancestral estate, twm Swedish miles
from Helsingborg.
In the vicinity are many interesting
spots and fine mansions, and the
drives along the shore are in constant
view of the Sound, always lively with
shipping in this channel, through
which passes the whole commerce of
the Baltic. The heights to the N.
are covered with villas and gardens.
At some little distance is Sophiero, a
summer re&idence of King Oscar 11., de¬
lightfully situated on a slope overlook¬
ing the Sound : further on the splen¬
did cliMeau of Kulla-Gunnarstorp, and
beyond this the neat little fishing-
village of Vihen. Here the road turns
inland to Hogands, for a long time the
only coal-mine in Sweden, yielding a
very indifferent article ; more noted for
its productions of fine pottery and of
glass. It is 2J m. from Helsingborg.
Still more to the N. is the chateau of
Krapperup, and the coast runs out to
a point, crowned with the mountain
of Kullen and its lighthouse, all im¬
portant to the navigator in the Catte-
gat. S. of the town, ^ m. dist., is the
watering-place of liamldsa, well built,
H
98
KOUTE 10.—KRISTIANSTAD.-CIMBRISHAMN.
Sweden.
with charming scenery and views.
All sorts of baths are prepared here, and
the spring, which issues from the cleft
in a sandstone cliff, is said to be a
remedy agaiiint stomach complaints,
rheumatism, and skin diseases. From
hence a railroad continues, by Bille-
berga, to Landskrona m. (see
Fite. 11).
From Helsingborg the Ely. to Hes-
sleholm and Stockholm proceeds by
Kamlosa, Bjuf, Astorp, and Klippan
Junct. Stat. to
Hessleholm Junct. Stat. (Jernvag’s
Hotellet), on the direct Stockholm and
Malinb line (see Rte. 8).
From HeSbleholm the branch rly.
extends in S.E. direction, 18J E. m., by
way of Roiiige, Ignaberga, Winslof,
Onneslad, and 1. Karpalund for
Kristianstad Stat., residence of the
governor of the shire of that name,
with 9000 inhab. Inns: Stadshuset
and We7iin’s. Carriages may be had
at these hotels, wh'ch are both in
the little square. Ticoli and Skjut-
hanan are places of public resort in
summer.
This town is situated on a long and
irregular fjord called Sjoviken, which
forms the estuary of the River Helga,
and has its outlet at Alms, the port of
Kristianstad, 13 j E. m. dist. by land. It
was founded by Christian IV. of Den¬
mark in 1014, and has been the scene
of many a conflict in the later border-
wars; but the ancient fortifications
have been, for the most part, demo¬
lished. 64 E. m. N. of the town are the
powder-mills of Torsebro, in a pic¬
turesque spot on the Helga river, and
E. of these are the lakes of Rabelof,
Karsholm, and It'd. On the banks of
the first there is a deep and remark¬
able cave called Balsherg, in the belem-
nite chalk; on the W. margin of the
second, the chateau of Karsholm, and
in the third, an island of considerable
size, with caves like that of Balsberg,
though smaller.
On the neck of land between
the Karsholm and ltd lakes, lies the
stately old-fashioned chateau of Becha-
shog, with its park and gardens in
a most beautiful situation. It belongs
to the crown, and Charles XV. spent
every year part of the summer here.
It is now hired by the Prince Royal
of Denmark, who is married with
the daughter of Charles XV. The
neighbourhood, as indeed the whole
province, is full of aristocratic coun¬
try mausions. S. of the Ifo lake, 11|
E, m. E. of Kristiansand, is Trolle-
Ljimghy, a large turreted chateau,
surrounded with parks and gardens,
and where may be seen the famous
Ljungby horn and whistle, trophies,
according to the legend, of an encoun¬
ter with the clfs at Maglesten, a large
enchanted stone on the sandy plain
near Edenryd, to which certain super¬
stitions are attached.
Vands, 13 E. m. N. of Kristian¬
stad, is another splendid chatrau, be¬
longing to the AVaehtmeister family,
and where there is a picture-gallery,
with an Ecce Homo by Guido Reni,
From Karpalund a short railroad
runs southwardly to Degeherga. The
S. high road goes furtiier, by the
l^osting-stations of Brosarp, 10 E. m.,
and ilorum, 10 E. m., to the little
town of
Cimbrishamn, 1 m., on the coast,
1500 inhab., exporting considerable
quantities of corn. At the fishing-
village of Kivik, close by, is an
ancient monument, which has been
supposed to be of Celtic origin,
but is considertd by Professor S.
Nilsson to commemorate ceremonies of
Phoenician Baal-worship. On the road
between Karpalund and Degeberga is
the lordly castle of Wldtskofle. built
by Jens Brahe in 1553, remarkable for
its extensive gardens and parks, and
for its old ghost stories. The estate at
present belongs to Mr. Sfjernsvard,
and besides a breeding-stud and cattle
farm, has large preserves for fishing
and shooting, the deer being numerous.
N.W. from this place is Maltesholm,
another magnificent chateau, built in
1780 by Hans Ramel. From Cim-
Sweden.
99
ROUTE 11. -ESLOF JUNCTION TO YSTAD.
brishamii is a short line of railway to
Tomelilla on the Eslof-Ystad line.
The railway is continued from
Kri&tianstad to Solveshorg (31 kil.) by
a narrow, SJ-ft, gauge line, by way
of Nosahy, Fjelkinge, Beckaskog, and
other small stations.
Solveaborg, a small town, 38 Eng. m.
from Hessleholm Junction. Ruins of
a castle. Exports corn and spirits.
ROUTE 11.
ESLOE' STATION TO YSTAD, HELSINGBORG,
AND LANDSKRONA.
From Eslbf Janet. Stat. (Rte. 8)
diverge branch-lines, in a S.E. and S.
direction to Ystad, 3 trains daily in
about 3 hrs., and in a W. and N.W.
direction to Landskrona and Helsing-
borg.
The distance from Eslof to Ystad is
76 kih, or 47 E. m. Time 3-3J hrs.
Fares, 5 kr. 40 o. The principal stations
are;
Hurfva., not far from Skarhult, one
of the principal country mansions in the
province, built in 1562 by the Danish
general Rosensparre, with towers and
an exterior wail. It has been in the
possession of the Oxenstjerna, De la
Gardie, and Brahe fumilit s, and be¬
longs at present to a Baron Schwerin.
Tiiere is a good collection of pictures.
Loherod, near the chateau of Loherod,
belonging to the De la Gardies.
The view from here, in clear weather,
extends as far as Copenhagen. Be¬
sides the well-known library and family
archives, this chateau contains valu¬
able collections of pictures, engrav¬
ings, ongirial sketches, antiquities, and
other curiosa.
Wullsjo. In the neighbourhood
is the chateau of Ofvedskloster ;
Clirutineliof, and the extensive alum-
works of Andrarum. liofvestad, Es-
perod, Tomelilla, and Svenstorp. The
country all along is exceedingly fertile
and well cultivated. From Tomelilla
a branch goes to Cimbrishamn (see
Rte. 10).
Ystad Stat., a seaport on the S. coast
of Skane, 7000 inhab. {Inns : Hotel du
Sad; Hotel du Nord.) Communi¬
cation by steamers wdth Stockholm,
Lubeck, Copenhagen and Bonne, on
the island of Bornholm. The town
is an ancient one, and has had
many ups and dowirs in its time.
A celebrated convent of Grey Friars
nourished here in the 13lh centy., and
the ch., dedicated to St. Peter, still
remains. The ch. of Our Lady is
equally old. At present the little
town has a brisk trade for its size.
There are some old houses in the
Hanseatic fashion, an artificial har¬
bour, and a Lighthouse of iron, 50 ft.
high, which in 1866 wms moved bodily
200 paces, to its present site, under
directions of Major Adelskold, of the
Roval Swedish Engineers.
There are many grand country-seats
round about the town, Marsvinsholm,
Bjeresjoholm, Krageholm, and a number
of others well wortli seeing. The nearest
way to Kristiaufetad by road is by the
posting stations of Herrestad, Tranas,
and Brosarp, on the road from that
towm to Cimbrishamn (see above).
Railroad from Ystad to Lund and to
Malmo (see Rte. 8).
Railioayhova Eslof Stat,, 20 E. m. to
Landskrona, and 30^ E.m. to Helsing-
borg, goes by the stations of l.Trollenas,
near the beautiful chateau of that
name (see above), 2, Marieholm, 3.
Teckomatorp, 4. Billeberga Junct.,
where this line again divides, and 5.
Asmundtorp, to
Landskrona Stat., a seaport town on
the Sound, wdth about 9000 inhab., a
citadel, and fine harbour, from which
H 2
100
KOUTE 12.— STOCKHOLM TO KRISTIANSTAD.
Sweden-
large quantities of corn are exported.
Inns: Drufvan, in Karl XY. Torg,
near the harbour; Grona Lund, with
gardens Stora Vardshuset, with stables,
good. There is a large sugar refinery,
two iron foundries, and. machinery
workshops, &c.
Steamers to Copenhagen daily ; to
Gothenburg and intermediate ports
on the W. coast, Malmo, and round
by the S. and E. coasts all the way
to Stockholm.
The large estate of Sabyliolm, with
mansion and park, belongs to the
same company as the sugar-mill in
the town, and is exceedingly well
farmed: large quantities of beetroot
are cultivated here for sugar-making.
Tycho Brahe’s island of Hven may
be easily visited from Landskrona.
The distance is 5 Eng. m., and a sail¬
ing boat costs 5 kr. There are only
very small remains of the famous
observatory, Stelleborg. He was born
at Knutstorp, 14J E. m. N.E. of Land-
skrona.
From Billeberga Stat. the other
branch of this line proceeds by
Tagarp, Wallakra, passing by the
chateau of Belteherga and a coal-field.
Bans, near the thriving fishing-village
of Rad, and Ramlosa.
Heistnghorg (Rte. 10).
ROUTE 12.
STOCKHOLM TO KRISTIANSTAD, ALONG
THE COAST, BY NOREKOPING (rATL),
WESTERVIK, KALMAR, AND KARLS-
KRONA. (road OK RAIL.)
Steamers leave Stockholm twice or
three times a week for all the prin¬
cipal places on this route. By road
the distance is 458 Eng. m., but
the general aspect of the scenery is
too monotonous to repay the toil of so
long a journey.
Railway from Stockholm to Norrko-
ping (see Rte. 8). The fast train
from Stockholm reaches Katrineholm
Junct. Stat. in 34 hrs. (see Rte. 3),
from which station the Eastern main
line diverges in a S. direction, to
Strdngsjo Stat.
Simonstorp. Past the lakes of Flaten
and Sviiibogen, the line now enters
the great forest of Kolmorden, the
boundary line betw^een Soderman-
land and East Gotland; during the
middle ages this district was in bad
repute for its brigands and outlaws,
but is now cut through by roads in all
directions. The next station is
Grafrersforss. The line now runs a
short distance, close by the pretty Lake
Nakna, and crossing 5 of its bays, to
Ahy, in view of the Biaviken fjord
on the 1., to
X’orrkoping Junct. Stat. (see Rte. 8).
A mail-coach leaves Norrkbping 3
times a week by the post-road , to the
S., the first station being
10 E. m. Soderkoping (see Rte. 8),
and in succession :
64 E. m. Froherga, The country is
very pretty all the way to
Gusum, 134 U. m. About midway
from here the county of Kalmar is
entered, nearly one-half the surface of
wliich is occupied by bays of the
Baltic, innumerable lakes and exten¬
sive W’oods. A short mile S. E. of the
station, at the head of one of those
bays, is the little port of Waldemars-
vik, a loading-place for deals, and
on an island in the bay is Fdgelvik,
the country-scat of Charles VIII. before
he became king.
114 E. m. Knappekulla.
64 E. m. Skedshult.
134 E. m. Wida. Upon this stage
the road winds along the W. shore of
the Gamleby bay, and the coach stops
for half an hour at the post-office of
Gamleby, a small loading-port, where
there is an inn and steamboat com-
Sweden, koute 12.—westervik.—oskarshamn.
KALMAR.
101
munication with Westervik 4 times a
week.
8| E. m. Seglerum.
[There is also a railway from Norr-
kopmg to Westervik, branching off at
Norsliolm, whence the distance to
Westervik is 73 E. m. There are a
number of small uninteresting stations,
and frequent stoppages, so that the
journey occupies 8 hours.
Atvidaberg, 26 E. m. from Norsholm,
is the most important station, well
worth visiting on account of its copper
mines, the richest in Sweden, (v.
Rte. 8.)]
lOf E. m. Westervik {Inn: Hotel
de Ville). A thriving seaport town,
with about 5500 inhab., builds ships
and exports corn, iron, and deals. In
the neighbourhood Ankarsrurn s iron¬
works, 2| m.; Wirum's copper-works,
belonging to an English company; the
chateau of Casimirshorg and others.
Puheberget with a remarkable cave, &c.
Steamers to Norrkoping twice a
week; to Oskarshamn, Monster&s, Borg-
holm and Kalmar, twice a week; to
Stockholm twice a week, passage 18
to 20 hrs.; these steamers, on their
return from Stockholm, proceed south¬
ward and all round the coast, some
as far as Landskrona; others up to
Gothenburg. To Gamleby 4 times a
week. In winter time the mails are
despatched from this port to Wisby in
the island of Gotland, by an ice-break¬
ing steamer, constructed at Motala.
'rhcre is also telegraph communication
between the two places by means of a
submarine cable.
The mail-coach leaves Westervik
once a week for the posting-stations
of
13^ E. m. Lund.
14 E. m. Getterum.
HI E. m. Ishult.
10 E. m. Jemserum. From hence the
road approaches the coast and skirts
it all the rest of the way to Kal¬
mar. The small islands all down this
part of the coast are innumerable, most
of them low and bairen, or covered
with stunted fir and pine. At a little
distance E. from this stat. is the
small port of Figeholtn, at the N. end
of the long and narrow channel, inter¬
vening between the mainland and the
island of Gland, which from hence re¬
mains in sight from the road. The
next stat. is
13J E. m. Oskarshamn (Stat. whence a
rairoad goes to Nassjd Junction. 93 E. m.
5^ hrs.). (See Rte. 23.) A seaport town
since 1856, with 5000 inhab., formerly
known under the name of Duderhults vik.
The town possesses above 40 merchant-
vessels, and exports deals, iron,
and corn. Hotels, restaurants, and
cafes: Socletetshuset and Nya Hotel-
let. Carriages at the latter. In the
neighbourhood are the country man¬
sions of Wirbo, Feederiksberg, and
Fallebo^ and off the town, in Kalmar
Sound, a widely seen, solitary, high
rock, called Jungfrun., wliere Claes
Horn, in 1564, gained a great naval
victory over the Danes.
The steamers to and from Stock¬
holm and Norrkoping touch here. The
coach proceeds S. to
13| E. m. Pdskallavik^ a small port
on the Kalmar Sound.
lOf E. m. Monsterds, a loading-port
with 1200 inhab., where the coach
stops 45 min.^
81 B. m. Alem.
131 Pussby. From hence a road
leads E. to Refsudden, 1 m., and thence
by a ferry, 1 m. across the sound, to
Stora Ror in Gland. The next stat.
on the road is
121 E. m. Kalmar (Inns: Witt's hotel,
with table-d’hOte, is the best. xVt the
stat. Inn meals are served a la carte;
apartments may be had. Stadshuset.
At Aspelin's restaurant is a table-d’hote
and cafe', and another cafe at the
Theatre). This is the chief town of the
shire of that name, and residence of its
governor and a bishop, with 10,740
inhab. It has many manufacturing
establishments and a considerable
trade. It is situated in the narrowest
part of the sound, which is here not
102
Sweden.
EOUTE 12. -KALMAK.-BORGHOLM.
more tlian 5 Eng. m. across to Gland.
The suburb on the mainland occupies
the site of the very old town, winch
was burnt in 1647. The present town
Avas then built on the small island
of Qvarnholm, and communicates with
the mainland by a bridge. The
Cathedral, placed in the centre of the
principal square, is a handsome build¬
ing, designed by Tessin the elder, with
4 small turrets, but there is very little
of the ecclesiastical in its architecture.
There is a fine altar-piece painted by
Ehrenstrahl, and a richly sculptured
pulpit. The consistorial Library con¬
tains many interesting manuscripts.
Few places have been objects of
more contention than the Castle and
the old fortified town around it, looked
upon as the key of Sweden in the days
when Bromseback, between Smaland
and Bleking, was the frontier of the
kingdom. It has stood 11 sieges, and wit¬
nessed many other memorable events.
By whom it was originally founded
no one knows; but already in Birger
Jarl’s time it was the residence of his
son Eric, Duke of Smaland. Fief and
title afterwards devolved on Eric, son of
Magnus I., Eric, son of Magnus II.,
and Eric, son of Gustavus I. Here,
in 1132, Skane, Halland, and Bleking,
were acquired for Sweden, though
afterwards lost again through the pu¬
sillanimity of Magnus II.; and here,
on 20th July, 1397, Avas signed, and
in 1438 and 1482 confirmed, that cele¬
brated Act of Union of Kalmar between
tlie Northern kingdoms Avhich, spite
of all, could not keep them together.
Many indignities, as Avell as calami¬
ties, has that famous old castle under¬
gone. Gustavus III. turned it into a
distillery, a trade then monopolised by
the crown, and the reputed Hall of
Union became the still-room, the tlirone
of Queen Margaret having previously
been disposed of for a few dollars.
Gustavus IV. converted the building
into a granary. On the chief tower,
where of old a large gilt globe had shone
far over land and sea, an ignoble wind¬
mill was erected, but afterwards taken
down. It was reserved forKingOscar I.
to rescue Avhat remained of this A^ener-
able pile, and to commence the restora¬
tion of its interior, Avhich has since
been continued, though slowly. The
bedroom of Eric XIV., panels and
doors decorated Avith inlaid work by
his own hands, is again seen as it
was. The fountain in the palace-
yard is much renowned.
Bailway to Emmaboda and Wexio,
by Smedl)y, Nybro, Orsjo and Lindas,
joining the main line at Alf vesta (Rte.
8). The distances are :
Alf vesta to Wexio, 11. E. m.
Alfvesta to Emmaboda, 35 E. m.
Emmaboda to Kalmar, 35 E. m.
Steamers two or three times a week
to Oskarshamn, Westervik, Stockholm
(in about 24 hrs.); to Norrkoping (in 18
hrs.) ; to Liibeck (in 24 hrs.); to Copen¬
hagen (in 24 to 30 hrs.), calling at in¬
termediate ports on the coast; Karls-
krona, Karlshamn, Alms, Ystad, Mahno,
Landskrona, Helsingborg, and Gothen¬
burg (in about 48 hrs.) once a week; to
Wisby (in about 12 hrs.), and on every
week-day to places on the adjacent
coasts, at small fares.
{Steamers to Borgholm (Pop. 900),
the little toAvn on the island of Gland,
either direct or by landing at Farje-
staden, opposite to Kalmar and posting
along the coast to the town. Its chief
attraction is borgholm Castle, a beautiful
ruin of very ancient date, last inha¬
bited by Charles X., before Christina
placed him on the throne. Oland is
140 kil. (85 E. m.) long, nnd from 2 to
9 E. miles in breadth, and contains an
area of about 12 Swedish square miles,
with some 40,000 inhab. It is a Silu¬
rian limestone formation, rising out
of the sea, and the innumerable Avind-
mills along its middle ridge have a
peculiar appearance from the opposite
shore. The ridge is double, and the flat
holloAV between is in the S. scarcely
covered by a thin layer of earth,
full of gaping cracks, and in summer
Sweden.
EOUTK 12 . —KARLSKRONA.
103
sometimes nearly as hot as Sahara ; in
the N. it is covered with large woods,
abounding in game. The island
has been famous for its breed of
ponies, not more than 3 ft. high, but
the race is now nearly extinct, and
both agriculture and cattle breeding
are much beliincl the times. Never¬
theless the slopes from tlie cential
ridge, under the influence of a genial
climate, present to the view a luxu¬
riant vegetation in groves, corn-fields,
and meadows, and much corn is ex¬
ported. The island is rich in antiqui¬
ties : stone circles, called ship-forms,
ruins of fastnesses (Ismanstorp) and
other remains, besides old churches,
still standing. Coins and ornaments
have been frequently dug up from the
ground. At the south end is Morhy-
Idngci, a considerable market-place, and
in its neighbourhood the remarkable
Runic stone at Carlevi, the extensive
alum-works of Oland and Lofver, and
the royal breeding stud of Ottenhy.
There are good roads and villages
throughout the island, and both the
sportsman and lover of antique church
architecture will find ample occupation
here.]
From Kalmar the mail-coach pro¬
ceeds S. by the posting stations of
13i E. m. Wassmolom. In this part
of the province the scenery changes,
and but few lakes occur. The country
continues level, and the road, keeping
close along the coast, crosses numerous
small streams.
E. m. Wdrnahy.
Soderdlira. The relays are at Fd-
hoda, a little further on.
E. m. Brums. The road here
enters the province of Bleking, in cross¬
ing a small stream called Bibinseback.
This province is formed by the S.
slopes of the Sm&land highlands, down
which their accumulated waters dis¬
charge themselves by several rivers
into the sea, through a country as re¬
markable for the beauty of its nature,
as of its inhabitants, especially in the
middle section, between the moun¬
taineers to the N. and the fishermen
among the islands and creeks on the
coast.
12| E. m. Jemjd. The road takes
a cour&e nearly due W. to the next
station, and some pretty views are ob¬
tained amongst the islands.
E. m. Lyclceby. Formerly a town
with a strong castle, destroyed by the
Swedes in 1564. Now a well-built
village on a stream of the same name,
with lovely views. Hence to
Karlskrona, 5 E. m. The principal
naval station in Sweden, and residence
of the governor of Bleking and the
Port-Admiral, with 18,600 inhab.
Hotels and restaurants : Storlidllareu.,
Friniurarlidllaren, and Rung Kurl.
Cafes: Schwarz, Idstroms, and in
summer the Hogland park, with a
marble statue of Charles XIII. The
town was built in 1680, in the time of
Charles XI., who had found, by sad ex¬
perience, how inconvenient it was to
have his fleet shut up all the long
winter in Stockholm. The greater por¬
tion of the town is upon the rocky
island of Trosso, and the rest upon
smaller ones adjoining, the whole being
connected by bridges and an embank¬
ment, with the mainland. The harbour
is particularly fine, and has a sufficient
depth of water to float the largest
ships up to the very quays. It has 3
entrances, but the only one practicable
for large vessels is on the S. side of
the town, and is defended by two strong
forts. Other forts are planted further
out in the fairways.
The old Docks were constructed at a
vast expense, being blasted out of the
solid granite. They were made in the
time of Charles XII., and the new
docks were constructed under Gus-
tavus III. The establishment is upon
an extensive scale, and together with
the Arsenal, the model room, &c., will
repay the trouble of examination.
The town is almost surrounded by
islands, and there are some lovely
104 ROUTE 12 .— RONNEBY.-KARLSHAMN.- 80 LVESB 0 RG. Sweden
spots in the neighbourhood, particu¬
larly on the mainland. Fresh water
is supplied by an aqueduct from
Lyckeby.
The coastino; Steamers from and to
Stockholm, mentioned under Kalmar,
touch here on their routes; smaller
steamers run to Nettraby, Lyckeby,
and other places in the vicinity.
Railway to Wexio (see Kte. 9), by
way of Emmaboda Junction. The
distance from Wexio to Karlskrona by
train is 71 E. m. Mail coaches leave
daily for
10 E. m. ShilUnge, and
10 E. m. Ronneby, situated near the
mouth of the river of that name. For¬
merly a town, its inhabitants were re¬
moved by Charles XI. to the newly
founded Karlskrona. Since 1880 it has
again become a town with a population
of 1800, and a celebrate I mineral spring.
The neighbourhood is romantic. The
l iver at its mouth forms a fine waterfall;
above the town, at Diupadal, it rushes
through the cleft of a rock, scarcely
3 ft. wide. A little to the N.E. of this
place is the chateau of Johannishus,
the largest estate in Bleking, belonging
to Count Wachtmeister and beauti¬
fully situated. Coaches leave Eonneby
4 times a week for
10 E. m. Hohy. Near this stat. is
the celebrated rock of Runamo, covered
with Runic inscriptions, made out to
contain a record of tire deeds of King
Harald Hildetand by the archfeolo-
gists, but by the geologists found to
be nothing else than natural fissures
in volcanic trap.
5 E. m. Trensum.
5 E. m. Karlshamn Stat. A seaport
town at the mouth of the Mie river, with
about 6000 inhab., well built, with
several manufactories, and a brick
trade. Hotels : Stadshuset, Gibraltar.
Cafe, Bellevue, with a lovely view of
the Asarum valley. The surround¬
ing scenery is very picturesque. At
the end of the charming valley of
Asarum is the large cotton-mill of
Stromma. At the mouth of the Mdr-
rum river is Elleholm, a fine country-
seat, formerly a town with a castle, de¬
stroyed by the Swedes.
There is a railway from Karlshamn
which joins the main line at Wislanda ;
and is distant^ from it 48J E. m. (4^
hrs.). Lake Asneii is passed by the
way.
The same coasting steamers touch
here as at Karlskrona. The coach
continues its route for
E. m. Hdstaryd, and
8 E. m. Norje, to
6| E. m. SoLVESBORG Stat. An an¬
cient seaport town, formerly large and
fiourishing, now inconsiderable; 1650
inhab. The ruins of its old castle are
still partly standing.
Railway by Gualof — Beckaskog
Stats. The railroad enters the shire of
Kristianstad, and after passing Eden-
ryd, skirts the S. shore of the Ifo lake.
6J m. Fjelkinge Stat. Thence to
Kristianstad Stat. (see Ete. 10).
ROUTE 13.
ENGELHOLM, ALONG THE WEST COAST,
TO HALMSTAD, GOTHENBURG, AND
FREDRIKSHALD.
A good second-hand travelling car¬
riage may be procured, without much
difficulty, at Engelholm, and will be
needed to make this long journey with
anything like ease. The' road, as far
as Gotlienburg, keeps near the coast
all the way, and, except to visit the
small towns, or try the fishing, or for
some other special purpose, there is
nothing of sufficient interest, en route,
to repay the fatigue and cost of the
Sweden. ROUTE 13 . —engelholm,
journey, besides which tliere is no very
good station on the road. The coast
along this route is of that rocky
character which prevails throughout
almost the entire extent of the Scan¬
dinavian peninsula: the shore is in¬
dented with bays and sharp-pointed
crags, over which the waves break with
ceaseless roar, and which run out far
from the mainland into the sea, where
their position is frequently only to be
discerned from the foam on the chafed
waters that cover them. Stern and
cheerless, however, as the whole extent
of the eastern shore of the Cattegat
aj^pears, its rocks do not assume any
considerable elevation until we reach
the immediate vicinity of the fjord of
Gothenburg, and the commencement
of the grand mountain chain which
forms the boundary between Sweden
and Norway. The road runs entirely
within view of the sea, in many places
actually skirting the very shore, but
everything in this part of Sweden is
on a small scale compared with the
more stupendous features of the
northern provinces. For the purpose,
merely, of reaching Gothenburg, the
voyage by steamer from Helsingborg,
or the journey by Bail, are usually
preferred; there is, however, but only
during the winter, a mail coach on this
route, which leaves Engelholm (Kte.
11)4 times a week, and travels by the
following posting stations ; —
Engelholm. This small town is cele¬
brated for its manufacture of gloves.
It has about 1600 inhab., and exports
corn. IMuch salmon is caught at Lwi-
tertim and Engeltofta, a large estate in
the neighbourhood, formerly belong¬
ing to Charles XIV. Railivay by the
station Astorp to Hessleholm Junct.
on the way to Stockholm (Rte. 1).
Engelholm to Landskrona (lite. 11),
30 Eng. m. in 2j hrs.
8 Eng. m. Margarethetorp. On the
following stage the road enters tlie
province of Halland, through wliich it
continues almost all the way to Gothen-
.-LAHOLM.-HALMSTAD. lOo
burg and crosses several considerable
streams.
10 Eng. m. dstra Karup.
10 Eng. m. Laholm. This small town
of 1500 iiihab. is upon the Laga river,
which is crossed here. The numbers
of salmon taken in it have decreased
of late years. In the neiglibourhood,
W. from Karup, is the little loading-
place of Bcistad, much frequented for
its sea-bathing, and still further W.
the fishing hamlet of Torekow, oj^posite
Holland's Vdderd, an island in the
Cattegat.
3 Eng. m. Tjerby.
12 Eng. m. Halmstad Stat. {Inns:
Martenson’s ; Svea; Gastgifvaregar-
den). The chief town of the province
and residence of its governor, with 6800
inhab., and export of corn and timber
floated down from Smaland; situated
close to the coast, at the mouth of the
River Nissa, in which are taken large
quantities of salmon. It commands
wide views over the Cattegat. The
town is of ancient renown as a place
of conference in the wars and disputes
between the northern kingdoms, and
was appointed, under the Union of
Kalmar, as the meeting-place of their
commissioners, to elect a new king in
case of vacancy. Here is the scene
of one of the decisive battles of
Charles XI. Fine country mansions,
beautifully situated, are Stjernarp and
SperlingsJiolm. Carriages for drives
can be had at the posting-inn. The
old square Castle still remains, but
little else is seen of the ancient fortifi¬
cations, which were razed in 1719.
Railway from Halmstad, in the com¬
mencement along tlie valley of the
Nissa, to Na-sjo Junction, from which
lines radiate N. to Stockholm and the
numerous towns around it; E. to
Westervik and Oskiirshamn; W. to
Jonkoping, Falkoping and Gothen¬
burg.
Steamers leave Halmstad twice a
week for Warberg, Gothenburg (in
9 hrs.), Torekow, Helsingborg, Lands-
106
ROUTE 13. —FALKENBERG.— KONGELF.
Sweden.
krona, IMalmo, Copenhagen, and
Lubeck. The coach goes N. to
8| Eng. m. Qvibille.
Eng. m. Sloinge, and
9J Eng. m. Falkenberg. A small
seaport town with 1200 inhab., at the
mouth of the Kiver Atra, in which
great numbers of salmon are caught.
The fish is less abundant than for¬
merly, however, owing to the gradual
silting up of the river. The water is
usually in order by the end of April,
and the fish average from 7 to 20 lbs.
The best part of the river is private
property. Hence to
8 Eng. m. Morup, and
lOJ Eng. m. Warberg Stat. ([nn:
Warberg s Hotel). Another small sea¬
port town of great antiquity. Pop.
2700. Now a much-frequented bath¬
ing-place. The new bath-house is on
a grand scale. The fortress, which is
built on a promontory of rock, was
formerly a place of considerable
strength. It is now used as a prison.
The same steamers touch here as at
Halmstad on their route between
Gothenburg and Copenhagen. There
is a railway from Warberg to Boras
(Rte. 23), and continued to Herrl-
junga Junction (Rte. 3). The distance
from Warberg to Boras is 52| Eng. m.,
and the railway takes about 4 hours.
The coach proceeds to
13 Eng. m. Backa, calling at Nyebro
post-ofiice on the way and crossing
the Wiska river.
8| Eng. m. Asa. On this stage the
road crosses tlie heads of several of
the rocky indentations, so charac¬
teristic of this wild coast.
11 Eng. m. Kungsbacka. This is a
small town standing near the head of
the Qord of the same name, and tlie
last station in the shire of Halmstad.
That of Gothenburg is entered shortly
before arriving at the next station.
llj Eng. m. Karra. The hills gra¬
dually assume a bolder appearance as
the road approaches
5 Eng. m. Gothenburg. For Inns,
Steamers, &c., see Rte. 3. From hence
to the Norwegian frontier travelling
is performed by steamer from Gothen¬
burg up the Gotha River and Dais-
land’s Canal, or by Railway. The
scenery becomes more interesting,
being of a much bolder character,
and in some places picturesque. Pur¬
suing the direct route from Gothen¬
burg, the road leads up the valley of
the Gotha to
6 Eng. m. Agnesherg. From hence
the road crosses over the S. branch of
the Gotha river, by means of a ferry
to the Island of Hisingen, and again
over the W. branch by another ferity to
6 Eng. m. Kongelf. A small, but
very ancient seaport town, witli about
1000 inhab. It was formerly a place of
much importance and the residence of
the kings of Norway. It is memorable
in Scandinavian history from the con¬
gresses of sovereigns held here, from
which it was called Kungshall. In
1135 it was almost totally destroyed
by the Vandals, a blow from wliich it
never recovered, and since 1658 it lias
belonged to Sweden. In 1676 the
town was removed to its present site,
between the W. branch of the Gotha
and the Tontin Mountains, from
Munkholmen, an island in the river,
on which are still to be seen the
romantic and colossal ruins of Bohus
Castle, originally a structure of wood,
built in 1308 by King Hakon of Nor¬
way, but rebuilt of stone and greatly
strengtliened not long afterwards. It
is now more and more decaying, but
presents a striking object to the view
from the road.
From hence the road passes through
the shire of Bohus —the ancient pro¬
vince of “ Viken hence Vikmgar,
the general appellation of the old
pagan freebooters who swarmed out
every spring from the fjords and creeks
of Scandinavia, all the way to the
coasts of England, Holland, and
France. This coast is wild and deso¬
late-looking in the extreme; naked.
Sweden.
EOUTE 13 . -UDDEVALLA.-STROMSTAD.
107
reddish cliffs rise out of the sea,
waging a fearful battle with the furious
waves, when it happens to blow a gale,
especially from the N.W., but among
the headlands is many a snug inlet
and little harbour, wliere a hardy and
industrious population finds subsist¬
ence by agriculture, trade, and fishing.
The whole province is rich in anti¬
quarian remains, fastnesses, cairns,
caves, ship-forms (stone circles), Runic
stones and rock - inscriptions, and
many are the traditions concerning
such objects, which are still rife among
the peasantry. The climate is bracing,
and many invalids flock to the bathing-
places on this coast in summer, adding
to the life and bustle of its commerce
at that season. From Kongelf towards
the N, the stations are—
11^ Eng, m. Kyrkeby, a fishing-
village opposite the considerable island
of Tjorn, N, of which is a still larger
island called Orust, both of tliem
fertile and well cultivated in the
interior.
Eng. m. Smedserdd.
10 Eng. m. Asen. After leaving this
station tlie road at times skirts part of
the Hake fjord on the W., across
which is seen the beforementioned
island of Orust, and upon the E. a
group of hills commences which ter¬
minates near Uddevalla.
Eng, m. Grdhed.
5 Eng. m. Uddevalla. (Inns: Jern-
wagshotellet; Gastgifvaregarden). A
thriving seaport town witli 6000 inhab.,
said to be identical witli Odensvold, a
place of sacrifice in heathen times.
Railway to Wenersborg, Herrljunga,
and Bords (See Rte. 23). To Amal
and Karlstad (Rte. 14). Oxnered
(Rte. 14) is the junction, and is 15J
Eng. m. from Uddevalla. Steamers
4 times a week to Gothenburg, calling
at JMarstrand and other places, and 4
times a week to Lysekihl; also to
Stromstad and Frederikshald.
The town is situated at the head of
Hafstens fjord. In the neighbourhood
are Kapellhackarna Hills, which are
remarkable for large accumulations of
fossil shells, and other marine remains,
200 ft, above the sea; Gustafsherg, a
watering-place S. of the town, much
frequented in summer, as well for the
beauty of its situation as for its mineral
springs and baths ; Lysekihl, at the
entrance to the Gullmars fjord, 3 m.
from Uddevalla, an outport with con¬
siderable trade and much frequented
baths, and close by— Kyrkvik, a bath¬
ing-place, together visited by about
7000 persons in the course of the sum¬
mer ; also Malmdn, an island inhabited
some years back by a dwarf-like race,
believed to be a remnant of the abo¬
riginals in the land, and known as
Mahno pyttar. Unfortunately a gale
arose while they were out fishing, and
nearly all the pyttar perished.
5 Eng. m. Herresta.
10 Eng. m. Qvistrum. Known in the
annals of the border warfare on this
side.
8 | Eng. m. Svartehorg. The range
of hills seen upon the right is Kynne
fjall.
65 Eng. m. Bahhalshede.
Eng. m. Hede.
71 Eng. m. Skallerud. This station is
close upon the coast, along which runs
a belt of small islands of rock, most of
which are barren, and give a most
desolate, but characteristic, air to the
scenery about liere.
5 Eng. m. Wik. Hence direct by
List 1 m. and Hogdal 1 m., or by
5 Eng. m. Kollekind to
5 Eng. m. Stromstad. (Inn and
restaurant, Gastgifvaregarden ; car¬
riages for hire.) A sea-port town and
much frequented bathing-place, with
2000 inhal). It is built on a point
of land wliich runs into a deep bay
of the Skagerrack, and the general
I appearance of this coast bears evi¬
dence of tlie tremendous seas which
prevail during the winter. The neigh¬
bourhood is rich in antiquarian re¬
mains of the kind described above,
and during summer safe sailing-
108
KOUTE 14 . -GOTHENBUEG TO FREDRIKSHALD. Sweden. !
excursions are made to tlie many
islands along the coast.
Steamers 4 times a week to Greb-
bestad, Fjellbacka, Tongen, Lysekihl,
Mollosund, Marstrand, and Gothen¬
burg ; twice a week to Fredrikshald
or Mossviken, near Fredrikshald, meet¬
ing the steamers which ply between
that port and Kristiania. From
Stromstad the scenery becomes more
pleasing to
Eng. m. Hdgdal. This is the last
station on the Swedish side. Towards
the end of the following stage the
deep fjord called Svinesund is crossed,
which here forms the boundary be¬
tween the 2 countries, and the first
station on the Norwegian side is
10 Eng. m. Vestgaard, whence the
road continues northward to Kris¬
tiania, but branches oft' eastward to
Fredrikshald. {Handbook for Norivay.)
EOUTE 14.
GOTHENBUEG TO FEEDRIKSHALD, BY
TROLLHATTAN, WENERSBOEG, LAKE
WENERN—THE DALSLAND CANAL AND
STRAND — RAILROAD, GOTHENBUEG —
KIL —FALUN.
Dist. 251 Swed. m., or 168 Eng.
By water the journey to the Falls of
Trollhattan occupies from 6 to 8 hrs.,
by Bail 2 or 3; the distance from
Gothenburg is 8 Swed. m., or 54 Eng.
A Bailivay runs from Gothenburg by
Trollhattan and Oxnered (near Ve-
nersborg), and near the W. shores of
Lake Wenern, by way of Amal to Kil
Junction, whence it branches off to the
N.W. to Christiania, to the S.E. to
Karlstad and Kristinehamn, and to
the N.E. to Falun and Gefle.
The road and rly. lead up the 1. bank
of the Gotha river, as far as Lilia Edet. i
During the first 3 stages much culti- |
vation is seen ; after that the scenery i
becomes of a wilder character all the |
way to Trollhattan, and in some places !
very picturesque. j
Not Slat, On the following stage ;
the ruins of the castle of Bohus are
seen across the river (see Ete. 4).
Lilia Edet. There is a comfort¬
able little Inn here, close to the
grand fall which the Gotha makes
at this place (see Ete. 4). The first
stage from hence is through pine-
forests and hilly ground, with large
masses of granite, and towards tlie
next station a magnificent view opens
up.
Upplidrad St at.
Gerdliem. The road turns oft* here
to the W., and runs over a poor and
flat country to
Trollhattan Stat. There is a most
comfortable Inn here, close to the falls,
and the charges, like those at Lilia
Edet, are very moderate. For descrip¬
tion of the Falls see Ete. 4.
Proceeding from Gerdhem, the next
station is
Oxnered^ 2 Eng. m. W. of
Wenersborg. See Ete. 4.
Wenersborg to Karlstad. Post-road
keeps near the Wenern Lake, great
part of the way, and along the N.W.
side of it; the country is thickly
wooded in most parts, and fine views
of the lake are obtained, but (the
scenery along the shore is, upon the
whole, too flat and monotonous to be
very pleasing. The chief attractions
on this part of the route are tiie fishing
to be had in the lake, and the shoot¬
ing in the adjoining woods. In some
places there are also extensive beds of
rushes on the sides of the lake, which
abound in wild fowl. Probably the
traveller will prefer to go by train.
The distance from Gothenburg to
Oxnered. the junction of the Weners¬
borg - Uddevalla line, is 51 Eng. m.
■Thence, passing by several important
stations, we come to Mellerud, the
Sweden.
EOUTE 15 . -STOCKHOLM TO OREBRO.
109
junction of the SunnanS, - Frederik-
shald line, wlience there are trains to
Frederikshald in Norway.
A little to the N. of Sunnana is
Kopmannahw Stat„ where the line
crosses the JJalsland Canal.
A line of steamers from Gothenbur,"
by Wenersborg 2 or 3 times a week
(restaurant on board) has opened out
an agreeable inland water-route to
Norway by the Balsland Canal and a
chain of small lakes. From Weners¬
borg the steamer ascends N. the Lake
Wenern, coasting along its pretty
wooded shores for about 6 hrs. as far as
Kupmannabro, where is the entrance
to the Dalsland Canal. This fine
work of engineering, planned by Nils
Erickson, was completed 1868. It
passes 2 locks at Upperud, also ex¬
tensive iron-works tliere and at Haf-
yerud. Near this the Canal is cariiLd
over the river on an Iron Aqueduct,
150 ft. long, and near 20 ft. wide.
Here are 4 locks. Next it traverses
Lakes Aklangen and Ravarpen, and
through more locks to Katrineholm.
Passing by Langed and Langbro, it
enters into the beautiful Lake Laxen,
where the large and well-cultivated
estate of Baldersnds, with extensive
iron-works, belonging to Mr. A. M.
Warn, of Gothenburg, and surrounded
with lovely scenery, attracts the chief
attention. At the N. end of this lake
are the iron-works of
Billingsfors, where the steamer
brings to for the night. 7^ hrs. from
Strand tlie canal next enters the
long and narrow Lake Lel&ngen,
stretching for several miles in a N.W.
direction up to the iron-works of Len-
nartsforss. Here it is joined to an¬
other lake of most irregular shape,
running N. to Toksfurss, far up in the
province of Wermland, and with an E.
branch ending at Folshyn. A little
past Lennartsforss, however, this lake
turns abruptly to the S., in which
direction it continues, under the name
of Stora Lee, for several miles to
Westra Ed, the frontier of Norway
being in tlie middle of its course for
some distance.
The steamer from Wenersborg ar¬
rives in the afternoon at Strand, on
the lake Stora Lee, between Leniiarts-
forss and Westra Ed.
Beyond Kupmannabro, the railway
proceeds by
Anirnskog,
Tosse,
Amdl, a town on the Wenern with
about 2000 inhab. and a small but
secure harbour. Exports of corn, iron,
and wood to Gothenburg. Steamers
to that port by Wenersborg, and to
Arvika by Seftle canal. A short dis¬
tance from this town the line enters
the province of Wermland,
Seffle,
Edsvalla,
Kil Junction, 144 Eng. m. from
Gothenburg.
From Kil (Jernvag’s Hotel) the
distance by rail to Karlstad (Rte. 6)
is 12 Ens:. m., and to Kristinehamn
(Hte. 6) 37 Eng. m.
The line “ Bergslagernas Jernvag ”
continues from Kil by Bagloxen
(Rte. 6), Ludvika (Rte. 16), and Bor-
Idnge (Rte. 22), to Falun.
ROUTE 15.
STOCKHOLM TO OREBRO, BY ENKoPING,
TILLBERGA, WESTErAs, HOPING, AND
ARBOGA—TO SALA AND HEDEMORA.
Eailway .—3 trains daily in 7 or 8
hrs. Quitting the central stat. the
train passes Karlberg, once a royal
chateau, now a military academy.
110
ROUTE 15 . -NORA-LINDE.
Sweden.
Charles XII. was bom in it 1682. Kt.
lies the Church of Solna, with an old
round tower, and in its ch.-yard the
grave of Berzelius.
Sundbyberg Stat.
Spanga Sta-Bro Stat.
Bdlsta Stat.
Enkoping Stat. {Inn: Stadsliotel-
let), a town of */lU0 Inhab., on a river
of the same name, 4 Eng. m. from
Lake Malaren. Steamers daily to
Stockholm.
Lundby Stat.
Orresta Stat.
TiUherga Iimei. Stat. Branch rail
N. to Sala, Rte. 22.
Westerds Stat. in Rte. 2.
Kolback Junct. Railroad to Eskils-
tuna.
Munktorp Stat.
Koplng junct. Stat. (see Rte. 2).
Walshog Stat. [From hence branch
rail by Kungsor to Eskilstuna.] The
Koping-Riddarhyttan rly. commences
at this town.
o
Asby.
Kohlsva Stat.
Gisslarbo.
Bernshammar.
Karmansho.
Uttersberg.
Riddarhyttan. At and near all these
stations are large iron - works and
mines, from which as far up as SJeins-
katteberg produce is conveyed down
this line. From Riddarhyttan roads
lead northward to Norberg and Smed-
jebacken (see Rte. 16).
Arboga Stat. (in Rte. 2).
FelUngsbro, past the handsome
parish ch., and Frbtuna, Jdder, and
Fllholmen iron-works.
Frbvi Stat. 1. is passed the con¬
siderable Waringen lake, with its
beautiful sliores and islands ; the fine
chateau of Hinseberg, belonging to the
Tersmeden family, presenting itself
on a promontory. Railroad to Linde.
Dylta Alum-worksHxmci. Stat. Once
the largest of its kind in Sweden, but
lately exceeded in the production of
alum, sulphur, copperas, &c., by La-
torp, 11^ Eng. m. W. of Orebro.
Ervalla Station [Here the Nora-
Ervalla line branches off, trains leav¬
ing for the intermediate station of
Jerla and passing through a pretty
country to
Nora Stat. {Inn: Gastgifvaregar-
den). A pretty little town, with 1450
inhab., situated on a lake, and sur¬
rounded by a great number of mines
and iron-works, on which the town
principally subsists. From hence a
road leads by the posting stations of
Greksasiir, Kjervingsborn, Grythytte-
hed, and Saxa, through a hilly country,
to Philipstad (Rte. 7), a station on
the Ostra Wermlands Railway, and
another by the station of Bimflby, past
Yxe ironworks, to Linde. This town
is more accessible by the railroad from
Frovi.
From Nora run two railroads in
S.W. direction through this very rich
mining district, one by Kortfors,
Bofors, Carlskoga to Otterbacken at
Weuern; the second by Sti iberg to
Degerfors on the line Stockholm—
Laxa—Kristiania.
Linde or Lindesherg Stat., a town
with 1500 Inhab., of little interest by
itself, but with a good Inn, which may
be used as a starting-point for excur¬
sions into the surrounding country,
equally rich in natural beauty and
in mines, furnaces, and forges of all
kinds:
DaJkarlsliyttan mines and blast¬
furnace,
Wedeodg iron-works on the Lake
Rasvalen, along the western shore of
which is a road, the picturesque
views on which will, alone, repay a
visit to this neighbourhood,
Guldsniedshyttan with a silver-mine,
Flogforss with a copper-mine,
Ramshergs iron-works, and others; all
situated amongst a scenery of peculiar
beauty, where the wooded heights are
mirrored in a hundred lakes, while
columns of smoke rise up from the ma¬
nifold factories around, and substantial
homesteads bear witness that, though
Sweden.
ROUTE 15. -OREBRO.
Ill
tho earth’s surface may be niggard,
there are treasures for those that will
penetrate beneath it. Indeed, there is
great probability that the mineral ca¬
pabilities of these large districts have
not yet been explored to anything like
their full extent.
From Linde the line continues
by Stora, Guldsmedshyttan, Banghro,
to Laxbro, where, amongst a number
of other works, are the copper-mines
and smelting-houses of Nya Koppar-
hergei, and further on by Stalldalen
and Grangesberget to Ludvika, (See
Rte. 16.)]
From Ervalla Junction the line
passes due S. to
drebro (Inns: Orebro Hotel; Bjor-
keyren’s H.), situated on the Svarta
river, the residence of tlie governor
of the shire of that name, embracing
the greater part of Ncricia and the
Carlskoga mining-district in VVerm-
land. The town, which has 10,.o00 in¬
habitants, is of ancient historical note,
and was at one time included in the
fief held by Engelbrecht, whose Statue
in bronze, modelled by Qvarnstrdm,
and erected 1865, is one of the chief
ornaments of the town. 15 parlia¬
ments have been held here, of which
tlie most notable were in 1540, when
the crown was made hereditary; and in
1810, when Bernadette was chosen as
the successor of Charles XI11. Orebro
was partially destroyc d by fire in 1854,
and has been rebuilt in a handsome
manner. There is an old, massive
Castle, surrounded by a moat; a i^retty
church enclosing the tomb of Engel¬
brecht and some other curious monu¬
ments; a Town-hall, resembling the
stately edifices of Brussels and Lou¬
vain ; a theatre; a handsome building
for the high-school, known as the;
Carolinian Lyceum, with a monument
in front to the brothers Olaus and
Laurentius Petri, the Swtdisli re¬
formers, sons of a blacksmith in this
town, and of which the elder became
“ Pastor primarius ” in Stockholm,
and tiiC younger Archbishop of Upsala.
An old house in Silltorget (Herring-
place), still preserved under the name
of *'the Kings Lodge,” was occupied in
1540 by Gustavus I. at the memorable
Assembly of the States in that year.
The town has considerable trade and
manufactories, and a large printing-
establishment, from which many of
the best Swedish books are published.
The Koping-Hult rly., part of the line
to Stockholm, was the first line under¬
taken in Sweden.
Orebro may also be reached from
Stockholm by water, in 18 hrs. A
steamer leaves Piddarholmen once a
week, and proceeding along the whole
extent of Lake Malaren, enters the Ar-
boga river at Kungsor. Before coming
up to Arboga the Hjelmare canal
branches oft' to the 1. near the manors
of Svarthdil and Beutersherg, and con¬
tinues through pretty scenery 10 Eng.
m. to Lake Hjelrnar, the fourth in size
of the great lakes in S. Sweden, pre¬
senting a large sheet of water, unin¬
terrupted by an}^ islands of magnitude,
and surrounded by low and unin¬
teresting shores, along which, however,
the fishing is said to be very good, pike
and eel being especially plentiful, as
well as Krdftor, a kind of small sweet-
water lobster of a delicious flavour.
The steamer now proceeds westward
along this lake, calling at Ldppe, on the
southern shore, not far from Wingakers
rly. station, and afterwards passing
EngelhrechUholm, a small island near
the manor of Gdlcsholm, on which the
Libeiator Engelbrecht was treach¬
erously slain by a turbulent noble.
Mans Bengtsson Natt och Dag. A
monument marks the place. The lake
now contracts as the steamer reaches
Shebdidc, the loading-place of Oiebro,
at the mouth of the Svarta river.
112
Sweden.
ROUTE 16. -STOCKHOLM TO FALUN.
ROUTE 16.
STOCKHOLM TO FALUN, BY STEAMER TO
SMEDJEBACKEN, STROMSHOLM CANAL.
By the canalisation of the river Kol-
back, direct steam communication has
been opened between Stockholm and
Lake Barken in the minin<>' districts of
Dalecarlia to Falun. This route is so
much frequented, that 6 steamers are
engaged in the traffic, occupying about
24 hrs. in the passage. Fares, 11 kr. for
a cabin berth; children under 12 years
half-price. These steamers, following
tlie same course along Lake Maiaren as
the Westeras boats, pass by the fjord
of that name, and further on, the
manor-house of Wiclihus, Tklo, with
an old castle built by Bo Johnson
Grip, and a mansion erected by Axel
Oxenstjerna, in which the great chan¬
cellor’s audience-chamber is still pre¬
served, Filiolm, an ancient seat of the
Westeras bishops, Ihe beautiful island
of Nyckeld, and beyond that reach
Strbmsholm (Inn: Elmstrom’s), at
the mouth of Kulback river, 7 hrs.'
voyage from Stockholm. This place
is a royal domain, with a palace, ori¬
ginally built by Gustavus Wasa, and
where his dowager queen, Catherine
Stenbock, survived him and all his sons,
until 1621, only eleven years before the
death of Gustavus Adolphus. The
present Palace, erected after a design of
Tessin, by Hedvig Eleonora, queen of
Charles X., was a favourite hunting resi -
deuce of Charles XI., and is prettily
situated on an island. Stromsliolm is
now a royal establishment for the
breeding of horses. There is also a
loading-pier, with a weighing-office
for metals, a post-office, &c. Apart¬
ments and board for travellers can be
had at the house of Mr. W. Nyberg.
The steamer here enters the Stroms¬
liolm canal, which was finally com¬
pleted in 1859. It is 7 ft. in depth,
and has 32 locks. The river has
been partly utilised in its construction,
and the rapids and falls avoided by
cuttings; at other places the canal
runs through a succession of lakes.
The scenery on both banks is beau¬
tifully diversified, and altogether this
is one of tlie most lovely steam-routes
that can be found in Sweden. The
steamers Norherg and JJalarne con¬
tinue their passage from Stromsholm
about 2 a.m., when, in the middle of
summer, daylight is breaking, so that
the surrounding scenery is before the
eyes of an early riser all the way. The
first station the steamer touches at is
called Skanzen ; next come Suraliam-
mar, Ramnds, Seglingsberg and Wirsho,
all of them iron-works. The steamer
has now entered the long and narrow
I lake Amdnningen, and at noon reaches
Engelsherg, whence a railway leads into
the important mining district, of Nor¬
herg, terminating at Krylbo Stat., not
far from Avesta (see Rte. 22). Higher
up, on the opposite shore lies Westan fors,
and at Semhla a cuttiug connects this
water with Lake Barken.
At Sdderhdrke, the next landing-
place, the picturesque situation of its
ch. and parsonage is much admired,
and by 5 p.m. the voyage ends in the
N.W. corner of Barken, at
Smedjebacken Stat., a village, but
with a lively trade for its size. The
whole neighbourhood is filled with
mines and furnaces. A short railway is
made from the village, over and along
numerous lakes, and through most pic¬
turesque scenery to Marnds and Lud-
wVrach.onthe extensive IdkeWessman,
which is the last link in this chain of
communications into the remote moun¬
tains of Dalecarlia.
A steamer plies on Lake Wessman
as far as Grangdrdet,
From Ludvika there is railway to
Falun by way of
Sioeden. route 17. —Stockholm to upsala and gefle. 113
Grdsherg,
Rdmen,
Skrdcka,
Borldmje,
Thence to Falun, as in Rte. 22.
Falun, Rte. 18.
ROUTE 17.
STOCKHOLM TO UPSALA AND GEFLE, BY
THE DANNEMORA IRON-MINES —A. BY
STEAMER, SIGTUNA—SKOKLOSTER. B.
BY RAIL,
A. Steamers from Riddarholmen
every morning reach Upsala in 5 hrs.,
calling at many places on their way.
90 kil., 56 Eng. m. Fare. 2 kr. A
boat which leaves Munkhrohamn aliiiXe,
later goes to Sigtuna and Orsimdsbro;
a somewhat tedious journey, though
the scenery is picturesque : whereas by
Rail it takes about IJ hrs., but the
country is quite uninteresting. Tra¬
vellers pressed for time may go by
water, and after spending 2 or 3 hrs.
in Upsala may return by rail at night.
Passing through Nockeby bridge,
the steamer proceeds up the most N.
branch of the Malaren, which is very
winding and irregular in form, having
many bays and small islands, and di¬
vided byname into several “fjords.”
First comes Lammar-tjord, next Lofsta-
tjurd, where the steamer stops at the
find mansion o( R/'ddersvik; then Gor-
val-f jord, on which is situated a chateau
of the same name, built by duko
Adolphus John, a brother of Charles
X., while opposite lies Lennartsnds,
formerly the property of Marshal Len¬
nart Torstenson, of Thirty Years’ War
celebrity. Between tliis fjord and
that of Skarfven, is a narrow strait
called Stdket (see Index), in the middle
[Sweden.']
of which rises on an island, the mansion
of Almare-Stdkj in olden time a fortress
to defend the fairway, which was de¬
stroyed by the Esthonians in 1188,
afterwards a castle belonging to the
archbishops of Upsala, which was
levelled to the ground by Sten Sture
in 1517. Near Ruusa, one of the sta¬
tions on Skarfven, at the head of a
deep bay, is the royal palace of Rosers-
herg (see below) ; further on, past Ste-
ninge, and in about 4 hrs. from Stock¬
holm, the steamer arrives at
Sigtuna. The station-house is small,
but lodgings may readily be obtained
at a private house. The town of Sig¬
tuna, founded according to the legends,
by Sigge Fridulfsson, the historical
Odin, at a neighbouring spot which
now bears the name of Signildsberg,
was destroyed by the Norwegian king,
Olof Haraldson, in 10U7, and after¬
wards rebuilt on its present site, by Olof
Skotkonung. In its best days the town
I is said to have had 10,000 inhabitants,
but in 1188 it was destroyed by the
Esthonians, and its gates of silver
(probably belonging to one of the
numerous churches), are at present in
Novgorod (?). The foundation of Stock¬
holm was the ultimate ruin of Sigtuna,
and this ancient capital of Sweden is
now little more than a village, with
scarcely 500 inhabitants. Still the ruins
of Petri, Laurentii, Olai, and Nicolai
churches, as well as the dilapidated
parish church, formerly part of a Do¬
minican convent, are interesting to
the antiquary. The walks among the
woods and rocks in the neighbourhood
are charming, and command extensive
views of the lake. About half an hour
from Sigtuna, up the lake towards
Upsala is
Skokloster, the large antique chateau
of the Brahe family, lineal descendants
of the great astronomer, Tycho Brahe,
and likewise of the Count Brahe, who
commanded the centre of the Swedish
army under Gustavus Adolphus at
Liitzen, and there fell with his royal
114
EOUTE 17. -SKOKLOSTER,
Sweden.
master. On a signal from the steamer
a boat puts off from the chateau for
passengers who wish to land there.
Beds and food may be obtained at the
Inspector’s house, close to the chateau,
which the family most kindly allow to
be seen, whether they are residing
there or not. The usual fee to the
attendant is 3 kronor.
Skokloster was built about 1630, by
Charles Gustavns Wrangel, one of the
most celebrated Swedish generals of
the Thirty Years’ War. It forms a
quadrangle, with octagon towers at
each corner, and an open court in the
centre, all the best rooms being on
the first fioor. Placed on a high bank, it
commands fine views over the IMalaren
Lake and distant country. The gar¬
dens are well kept, and contain a fine
avenue of lime-trees. This chateau
came into the Brahe family by mar¬
riage with that of Wrangel.
The collections here are extensive
and interesting, including a number
of portraits of celebrated Swedes, of
Scotch companions in arms of the
founder, and of members of the family.
Amongst the latter are Tycho Brahe
and the lovely Ebba Brahe, to whom
Gustavus Adolphus was so fondly at¬
tached that he would have made her
his queen, but for the scliemes of his
mother who, during his absence, mar¬
ried her to Jacob de la Gardie. Several
of the king’s letters to Ebba Brahe are
still preserved in the library here. One
room is devoted to souvenhs of nume¬
rous sovereigns and other illustrious
visitors. The drawing-room ceiling is
a very elaborate specimen of the deco¬
ration in vogue during the 17 th centy.
There is some fine tapestry, much of
wdiich is used as carpets ! A rare old
cabinet of inlaid work, the subjects
coloured and in high relief, is of Ba¬
varian workmanship, and a prize of the
Thirty Years’ War. Other cabinets con¬
tain a variety of costly objects of art,
such as old drinking-cups, curiosities
in amber, carnelian, and ivory, Vene¬
tian glass, &c. The library contains
about 23,000 volumes, besides the
largest private collection of manu¬
scripts in Swmden, and the armoury
is equally of great value, containing
1150 firearms of all descriptions, and
an immense number of swords, sabres,
poniards, &c., some incrusted wdth gold
and precious stones ; others of histori¬
cal interest, such as the shield of the
Emperor Cliarles V., taken at Prague,
and for the elaborate design of the
subjects in relief upon it and their
exquisite finish, meriting attentive ex¬
amination, as one of the finest wmrks
of Benvenuto Cellini; the sword of the
Bohemian Hussite chief Ziska; the be¬
heading sword used at the execution of
nobles at Linkoping, &;c.
Tire carriage and horses from Upsala
cost about 6 kr., and the boat from
Krusenberg 2 kr.
On leaving Skokloster the banks of
the lake become more cultivated to-
w’ards the head of it, called Ekolnfjord,
on the 1. of which are seen several
churches, and on the rt. Kungsliamn,
said to have been the naval station of
the old Upsala kings. A little further
on, the steamer, passing through Fldt-
sund bridge, enters a small stream, the
Fyris, the waters of Avhicli, tinged with
a yellow mud, irrigate the historical
plain of Eyriswall. To the rt. are
now seen Danmarks, Waxala, and Old
Upsala churches; to the 1. TJltuna
Agricultural Institute; and not until
he is actually in the midst of the
town does the traveller realise, by
the massive outlines of the castle and
the cathedral, that he is in
Upsala. See below.
B. The shorter and more expedi¬
tious route from Stockholm to Upsala
is by the Northern railway. Starting
from the Central Eailway Stat., Trains
leave for Upsala, three times daily,
in IJ to 2^ hrs. 66 kil., 41 Eng. m.
7 kil. Jerfva Stat.
19 kil. Botehro.
25 kil. Washy.
32 kil., 20 Eng. m., Bosersherg.
Eng. miles from the Station is the
Sweden.
ROUTE 17. -UPSALA ; CATHEDRAL,
Bosersbergs Slott, a castle which
takes its name from the family of The
Baser, to which it once belonged. It
was the favourite residence of Charles
XIII., and of his adopted son, Ber-
nadotte. The picture gallery, library,
and other rooms are worth visiting.
The excursion is best made separately
from Stockholm by the Sigtuna
steamer.
36 kih Mdrsta.
48 kil. Knifsta.
59 kil. Bergsbrunna.
41 Eng. m. Upsala Stat.
Inns: Jernvdgs, Sala, Gejle, Stads-
hotellet. ^
Eestaurants : Upsala G/lle, W. Aga-
tan. No. 8, has a club-room with
foreign newspapers, subscription, 1 kr.
per month; single admission, 50 o.;
Wauxliall. Cafes, with Swedish news¬
papers, several.
Post Office in 35 Ostra Agatan,
letter-boxes in various parts of the
town.
Telegraph Office near the railway
station.
Hired carriages may be had for ex¬
cursions to Old Upsala and back, with
one horse 2 kr., with two 4 kr., but the
Gefle Ely. will take you within 15
min. Drives in the town, 50 o. for one
person, 75 o. for two.
Upsala is the residence of the arch¬
bishop of Sweden and the governor of
the shire ; it has a University and about
1.5,800 Inhab. Its name was originally,
Ostra Aros (E. river-mouth), to dis¬
tinguish it from Westra Aros, now
Westeras; but after the destruction of
the great pagan temple at Old Upsala
{the lofty halls) liigher up the river,
the name, and in a great measure the
importance, of this ancient metropolis
became transferred to the present town,
and though, upon the rise of Stock¬
holm, the royal residence was fixed
there, the kings were for a long time
afterwards crowned in what may still
be termed the ecclesiastical capital
of Sweden, which is intimately con-
115
nected with many of the leading events
recorded in its history.
Most of the principal buildings in
Upsala are upon a high ridge of
ground on the W. side of the town.
From the Castle MU fine views are ob¬
tained over the town and apparently
boundless plain to the N. and E.
The Cathedral (Domkyrka) is the
chief attraction here. It is of brick,
with stone portals, in the Gothic style.
The exterior is very plain and austere.
Though bearing no comparison with
the great Cathedrals of France, Ger¬
many, or England, it still possesses con¬
siderable interest, spite of the restora¬
tions it has undergone, generally in the
worst taste. It was commenced in 1260,
and finished in 1435. A French archi¬
tect, Etienne Bonneuil, furnished the
plan, which was not adhered to after
his death. Its extreme interior length
is 370 ft. by 106 to 140 ft. wide;
height in the choir 90 ft. Formerly
it had three towers, one in the centre
and two at the N. end, crowned with
Gothic spires, 400 ft. high, and of
elaborate design. These were de¬
stroyed by the great fire in 1702, and
replaced by the two square towers,
ISO ft. high, now fianking the N. en¬
trance, not at all in keeping with the
pointed architecture of the body of the
edifice. The W. doors are of iron ; on
the S. porch is St. Lawrence, and the
six days of the Creation. The propor¬
tions of the interior are very pleasing ;
the nave and choir are supported by
24 columns, the capitals of some of
them decorated with animals of gro¬
tesque form, and by massive buttress-
piers enclosing side chapels, which
extend round nave and choir. To the
rt. of the altar are placed, within a
screen, the relics of St. Brie in a shrine
of silver.
In the Gustavian chapel, behind
the high altar, is the tomb of Gm-
tams Wasa and his two first queens
(3 marble recumbent etfigies flanked
by obelisks at the corners), and
decorated with coats of arms. It
I 2
116
ROUTE 17. —UPSALA ; CATHEDRAL; UNIVERSITY ; Sweden.
was made in Flanders. The sur¬
rounding walls are painted in fresco
by Professor Sandberg, representing, in
7 compartments, as many leadingevents
in the life of Gustavus : 1st, commenc¬
ing from the N. side, the Triumphal
entry of Gustavus into Stockholm; 2nd,
the Battle between the Dalecarlians and
Danes ; 3rd, Gustavus before the Town-
council of Lubeck; 4th, in Disguise as a
Dalecarlian peasant; 5th, his Harangue
to the Peasants; 6th, Presentation of
the Bible translation to him ; and 7th,
his Address from tlie Throne to his
last Parliament. They date from 1831
to 1838. The sculptured gravestone
of Birger Pehrson, lagman of Upland,
father of St. Brita, lies in the adjoin¬
ing chapel, date 1328, much resem¬
bling our English brasses of that
period. Birger, in full chain-armour,
tramples under foot a lion. From be¬
neath the petticoats of I^ady Ingeborg
peeps forth a little monster; around
are small figures of their 7 children,
among whom appears Brita with her
hair down — a sign of grief. Next
comes the chapel in N. choir-aisle of
King John, whose monument, after
being shipwrecked—fished up again,
remaining for years forgotten in a
Dantzig warehouse — was set up,
crownless and sceptreless, by Gus¬
tavus III. Though the figure, by the
Tuscan Donatelli, is worthy of that
master, the castrum is of wood and tlie
oimaments a regular makeshift—che¬
rubim holding helmet and gauntlet,
ladies with fiowers, David with his
harp, Melchisedec with bread and wine
—such an incongruous assemblage as
never before was seen. Queen Cathe¬
rine Jagellon lies alone, on a fine
monument beneath a crown suspended
from the ceiling. An archway sup¬
ported by marble columns, and hung
with gilt emblazoned plates of arms,
forms the background.” — Marryat,
‘ One Year in Sweden,’ p. 150. Several
of the great generals who served under
Gustavus Adolphus are likewise buried
here. In the chapel 3rd from W. end
in N. aisle of the nave there is a fine
mural tablet of red porphyry, with a
medallion bronze portrait of Linnaeus,
by Sergei. The great botanist is
buried in a grave under the organ
loft. There is a monument to the
two grandchildren of Gustavus I.
Beneath a plain tombstone lies buried
the reformer Laurentius Petri, first
Lutheran archbishop of Upsala. Vari¬
ous objects of much value, and others
of historical interest, are shown by
the sacristan. Amongst them are the
sacrament service of gold and silver,
the crowns and sceptres of John III.
and his queen, a cup of pure gold
between 2 and 3 ft. high ; a statue of
the Scandinavian god Thor, a collec¬
tion of chasubles and other vestments,
&c. The cathedral can bo seen by
giving notice to the sacristan, who
lives near.
The archbishop of Upsala is the
primate of all Sweden; prior to the
Reformation, finally established under
Gustavus Wasa, 1529, the revenues of
this see were very great.
Close by the cathedral is the still
older Trinity CJi., situated in a park
called Odin’s land, where an obelisk
was raised by Charles John XIV. in
memory of Gustavus Adolphus, as the
great patron and second founder of the
university.
The University of Upsala Avas founded
by the Administrator Sten Sture the
elder, in 1477, one year before that at
Copenhagen. A fine new building
has recently been completed. The
students, about 1500 in number, are
divided into nations, according to
the different provinces to which they
belong, each having a building of
its own, but their lodgings are in
private houses. They are distin¬
guished by their Avhite caps, with a
narrow band of black and a small
rosette of the Swedish national colours
in front. The total cr)st of a student’s
expenses here during the two annual
terms, is estimated at 60Z. No one in
Sweden can enter the clerical, medical,
Sweden.
ROUTE 17. -ACADEMY
or legal profession without having i
taken his degree at Upsala or Lnnd,
and, according to Laing, it is calcu¬
lated that of the total male population
of the kingdom 1 in every 6G8 enjoys
a university education. There are
about .'iO professors. The late King
Oscar was brought up at this uni¬
versity, residing, whilst here, at the
archbishop's palace. The chief build¬
ings belonging to the university are :
The Gnstavian Academy, erected by
Gustavus Adolphus, and now contain¬
ing a large lecture-room, museums,
cabinets of curiosities, &c.
The Carolina Bediviva, a very hand¬
some building, erected by CliarlesXIV.,
is chiefly occupied by the library, con¬
taining at least 200,000 volumes and
7000 to 8000 manuscripts.
Amongst the latter is “ the celebrated
Codex Argenteus, being a copy of the 4
Gospels, as translated into the Moeso-
Gothic language by Bishop Ulphilas,
at the latter end of the 4th centy. It
is written in letters of silver (whence
its name) upon vellum of a pale purple
colour : the characters are nearly iden¬
tical with the Kunic. It is interesting
and highly valuable, as the oldest
monument of the Teutonic language,
which was flrst written by Bishop
Ulphilas, who thus fixed the standard
of the Gothic tongue. This copy was
probably made by Ostro-Gothic scribes
in Italy, at the end of the 5th or be¬
ginning of the 6th centy.”— H. L. It
belonged originally to an abbey in
Westphalia. How such a treasure came
there, no record exists to tell. From
thence it went to Cologne and subse¬
quently to Prague, where it fell into
the hands of Kbnigsmark, at the cap¬
ture of that city. Again it wandered
with the learned Vossius to Amster¬
dam, and upon his death (1669) was
purchased by the Swedish chancellor
De la Gardie, for 400 crovvns, who pre¬
sented it to the University of Upsala.
The 11 leaves which long were mis¬
sing, have lately been recovered, thus
making up the original number of 188,
; BOTANICAL GARDEN. 117
! and the preservation of so ancient
manuscript is marvellous.
Here also may be seen an old
Icelandic Edda, the Holy Book of
the Druses, the most complete copy
in Europe ; a Bible containing auto¬
graph annotations of Luther and IMe-
lanchthon; and the Journal of Linnaeus.
The library is particularly rich in
foreign, as well as native works, and
the whole are admirably arranged and
kept. Students and residents in the
town are allowed to read here.
In the Carolina Barit, adjoining
this building, is a bust in bronze of
Charles XIV., by Fogelberg, and at
the other end a building ajopertaining
to the Faculty of Chemistry.
The Botanical Garden is a short dis¬
tance on the W. of the library. It con¬
tains a museum of natural history, but
it is not rich in specimens, nor are they
well kept. There is a little temple in
the gardens, with a good statue of Lin-
nseus, by Bystrom, representing him in
the act of lecturing upon his favourite
flower, the Linnsea Borealis. The
forcing houses are extensive and well
filled. The old botanical gardens,
with the House of Linmvus, are across
the stream on the E. side of the town.
With exception of the library, which
is only open from 11 to 1, the various
collections, &c., of the University can
be seen at any time of the day, by
giving notice to the respective custo¬
dians. The easiest way for the tia-
veller to do so is through the landlord
of his hotel.
There are also other extensive col¬
lections :—The Gustavianum, contain¬
ing zoological and other specimens;
the Regnelleanum, the Anatomi Byg-
jiaden, the collection of Northern
Antiquities, and of Coins; aud the
Astronomical Observatory.
The Castle, erected by Gustavus
Wasa,1548, remains in the half-ruinous
state to which it was reduced by the
fire of 1702. Only a portion of the
building has been so far restored as to
118
ROUTE 17. -EXCURSIONS FROM UPSALA :
Sweden.
serve as a residence for the governor
of the shire of Upsala. Formerly it
was the scene of many coronation pa¬
geants, and also of Queen Christina’s
abdication of the throne 1654. In the
courtyard is a colossal bust, in bronze,
of Gustavus Wasa, mounted on a
pedestal formed of cannon taken from
the Eussians.
For persons fond of literary or scien¬
tific pursuits, Upsala has great atti’ac-
tions. It is a very healthy place
and exceedingly cheap; the library
is most extensive; and foreigners
are received by the professors in
the kindest and most friendly manner.
The houses in the town are mostly of
wood, and very neatly kept. They
are comfortable, being warmer in
winter and cooler in summer than
dwellings of brick or stone.
Excursions from Upsala.
A. To Gamla Upsala, or Old Upsala.
The rly. from Upsala to Gefle will
convey travellers in J hour to
Old Upsala Stat., about 34 Eng. m.
N.E. of the town. It is now reduced to a
small village, but, next to Sigtuna, is
of the highest antiquarian interest.
It was here, after the dynasty and
worship of Odin were firmly esta¬
blished in the country, that the na¬
tional temple was erected, and the
great sacrifices annually made. Here,
likewise, justice was personally ad¬
ministered by the kings, and the Tings,
or great assemblies of the people, were
held here. A sacred wood then sur¬
rounded the temple, and sacrifices of
every description were made to pro¬
pitiate the deities worshipped there,
human blood being considered the most
acceptable to them. On some occasions
parents even immolated their children.
An account exists of 72 bodies of men
and animals having been seen at the
same time suspended from the trees of
this sacred wood. The temple was
resplendent with gold, and the interior
decorated with the statues of Odin,
Thor, and Frey. Even after the lapse of
10 cents., the name of Odin still lingers
among the peasantry, though now only
as a demon, and as such often used
for that of the devil. Thus, “go to
Odin,” is in common use, and in some
districts the country people still leave
a bundle of hay for Odin’s horses.
The little granite Church is so old
that it is conjectured part of its walls
may have belonged to the ancient
pagan temple. Observe a shrine (date
about 1450) with 17 carved figures ; a
chest hewn out of the solid rock, the
lock of the W. door, and the iron Poor-
box. Still older, are the three large and
remarkable Tumuli near this ch., 60 ft.
high and 232 ft. in diameter, in which
tradition avers that Odin, Thor, and
Frey lie buried. That they have been
formed by the hand of man and an¬
ciently used as burial-jfiaces is put
beyond doubt by excavations made in
1874. By the side of these Kmigshogar,
is a smaller one, called the I'ingshog,
on which in heathen times was placed
the king’s chair, from which he haran¬
gued the assembled multitude. The
whole neighbourhood is, besides, dotted
over with lesser tumuli, and Olof Eud-
beck relates that, within the circuit of
1 m. from old Upsala, he counted as
many as 12,370 of them.
B. The Mora Stones (Morastenar).
The Mora stones are about 65
Eng. m. S. of Upsala, in what is
called the king’s meadow, the spot
where in ancient times the kings were
elected and received the homage of
theii’ subjects, by Wapenbrak, or a
mighty clashing of swords against
shields, as the new-elected king
mounted the homage stone to show
himself to the people. The oldest
homage stone had disappeared already
in the time of Gustavus Wasa. It was
usual, on each occasion, to place beside
it a smaller stone, with the name of
the new king engraved on it. Ten
of these stones remain, but not all of
Stoeden.
ROUTE 17. -MINES OF DANNEMORA.
than are considered genuine. Giis-
tavas III. caused this interesting na-
tioial monument to be enclosed by a
plan stone building, on the ceiling of
whbh are inscribed the various elec¬
tion of kings made at the Mora stones
by he voice of the people; they are
eiglt in all, from Stenkil, 1060, to
Cbritian I. in 1457, besides Sten
Sturt, who, in 1512, was here chosen
admiiistrator of the kingdom, but nn-
doubedly many more elections took
placeon the same spot in still remoter
times
Nolfar from the Mora stones, in the
parisl of Danmark, lies the uni^retend-
ing country house of Hammarhy, tl\e
fa’'Ourite residence of Linnaeus, where
he lectured to a numerous auditory
boll of Swedes and foreigners, and
wlere he died in 1778. It is now a sort
ofLinnaean museum, with the apart-
moits still preserved in the same state
asvhen occupied by the great natural-
is'; his doctor’s hat, even, remaining
ora table. The lecture-room is still
tbre, but his invaluable collections
were sold to England, to the groat nior-
klication of Gustavus III., who sent
a frigate in pinsuit of the vessel by
which they had been shijoped olf, to
bring the treasure back, but too late.
Hammarby is a short walk from
Bergsbrunna Stat.
Sholiloster may be visited from
Upsala. On arriving there, order a
carriage to be ready, drive to the cha¬
teau of Krusenberg, at the back of
which there is a fisherman’s hut, where
a boat can be obtained across the lake
to Skokloster, which may thus be
reached in 3 hrs, from Upsala.
C. Upsala to Dannemora and Gefle —
Rail. Trains twice a day. 114 kil.,
71 Eng. m.; 4 to 5 hours. Fares,
8 kr. 55 d., 5 kr. 15 d.
This Kailroad lies across the great
plain of Upsala to the N.E. Fine
views of the city are obtained; the
cathedral and other large buildings
standing out in bold relief against the
119
sky; and soon after, L, the Three Tu¬
muli of
Gamla Upsala Stat.
Stor- Wreta Stat.
20 kil. Wattholma, near Andersby,
the Brahe estate of Salsta. Kt. is
the Lake of Dannemora.
27 Eng. m. Orhylius Junct. Stat.
[Hence a line branches rt. to
Dannemora and Osterhy, terminating
at the sea coast at the port/hirr/, S. of
the small trading town of Osthammar.
Steamers run between Harg and
Stockholm. At
Orhylius there is a castle which be¬
longed to the Wasa family, and w'as
fortified by Gustavus Wasa. His son
Eric XIV. was here poisoned by the
order of John III. in 1577.
The Mines of Dannemora are 9
kil. from Orbyhus. This large min¬
ing field, embracing a wide group
of iron mines’ and furnaces, is not
situated in a mountainous district,
but in a marshy plain, the adjoining
lake being at a 28 ft. higher level,
and only prevented from flooding
the mine by a dam of hewn granite,
in places 38 ft. high. The metal pro¬
duced from these mines is esteemed
the best in Europe, and is extensively
used ill England for the manu¬
facture of the finest qualities of
steel; the ore yields from 40 to 70
per cent, of iron. The best time to
visit the mines is at noon, wdien
tlie charges are fired. There are
mines also near Sbderby in this dis¬
trict, besides the larger ones near
Osterby, and those who take in¬
terest in works of this description will
be amply repaid for the fatigue and
trouble of exploring them. The en¬
trance to the chief mine of Dannemora
is by a large excavation, 200 yards in
length, and of considerable width;
and at different points on the edge of
this chasm small platforms are erected,
which project over it, and upon these
the cranes are fixed, by means of which
the buckets containing the miners and
the ore are raised and lowered. The
ropes used are of iron wire, and the
120 ROUTE 17 . -OSTERBY : FORGES; CHATEAU.-GEFLE. Swedm.
machinery is worked by horses. The
de])th of the chasm is about 500 ft.,
and there are two modes of descending,
either in a bucket, or by a succession
of 19 ladders. Although perilous in
appearance, there is little, if any dan¬
ger, as accidents by either descent are
almost unknown. It is necessary to
be well wrapped up, for huge masses
of ice till up many of the lower depths,
which the sun’s rays never reach.
From the bottom several galleries are
formed, which lead to excavations now
in work. The ore is obtained by blast¬
ing, and the continual explosions and
smoke of the powder add to the in¬
fernal character of the scene.
The Forges of Osterhy should also
bo visited. They are about 2 Eng. m.
from Dannemora, and amidst highly
picturesque scenery. Here the ore is
smelted by charcoal, and the iron pre¬
pared for exportation.
The Chateau of Osterhy is in grand
style; its library and picture gallery
are well worth seeing, and easily
accessible. There is a good inn at
Osterby, and the place, with its
many buildings and workshops, is
like a little town. Another esta¬
blishment of the same description and
still greater magnitude is Leufsta,
belonging to the family of De (leer,
and peopled by about 1200 inhabitants,
not far from Osterby. Forsmarh, Ilarg,
Gimo, Sheho, and other places desig¬
nated bv the common name of the
V
Lannemora works are in the neigh¬
bourhood.
From Orbyhus the Ely. is carried
N. by Tobo, Tierp.
Orrshog Juiict. Stat. Hence a branch
to Soderfors Iron-works and Anchor
Forges, situated on the Halelf, here
running in rajuds and cataracts.
Marma Stat. At Mehede the rail¬
road joins the noble 1 al Eiver, which
10 ! ms a lake of great length, contain¬
ing many small islands, and continues
along it to
88 kil., 51 Eng. m. FAfharled, whfre
the train crosses the river. 2 E.
miles lower down the river is llf-
harleby, a valuable salmon fishery, md
the Dal forms some splendid cascales,
50 ft. high and 257 wide, which are <on-
sidered next in importance to the Falls
of Trollhattan. The scenery aroind
is also most beautiful, and, as such,
one of the most celebrated spofe in
Sweden. The king has a park and
manor here. Crossing the Dd at
Elfkarleo Stat., the railway leeps
along the 1. bank for some distame,
99 kil. Harnas Stat., it apprcaches
the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia.
114 kil., 71 Eng. m., Gefle Stvt.
(Inns: Central Hotellet; Stadshotellt,
good), pronounced Yaivle, a thrivhg
and industrious port, 100 Eng. n.
N. of Stockholm, on the Gefle, hre
crossetl by a stone Bridge. Shp-
building is carried on here to a cci-
siderable extent. The harbour is
excellent. The chief exports ae
timber and iron ; imports grain axl
salt. The town, now one of the pre-
tiest in Sweden, with 18,800 inhab,
was almost totally destroyed by fire
1869. It has, however, rapidly risen
up again, and is improved m appear-’
ance. The river Gefle here separates
into three branches, forming twoj
islands of moderate size, and is sus-;
ceptible of being turned to excellent |
account. British Vice-Consul here. |
Travellers, in skirting the shores of i
the Gulf of Bothnia, will have an
opportunity of investigating the cu¬
rious phenomenon of the progressive
rising of the land. The fact of this
elevation has been investigated by
Von Buch and Lyell. Here, as well
as at Kalmar and other places, marks
have been placed along the rocks to
ascertain the rate of this elevation.
Nearly all Steamers between Stock¬
holm and Tornea touch here, going
and returning, N. and S. along the
coast (see Rte. 26).
Bail to Falun (Rte. 18).
Siceden. houte 18 .
GEFLE TO FALUN AND DALECAELIA.
121
EOUTE 18.
GEFLE TO FALFN AND DALECAELIA
(DALARNE), by SANDVIKEN, STORYIK,
MORA—LAKE SILJAN, AND ELPDAL.
Eailicay from Gefle to Falun. Trains
three times daily in 4 hours. 92 kih,
57 Eng. m. Fare, 5 kr. 50 o.
Walho Stat.
Sandvihen Stat., on the Lake
Storsjon.
Near to this stat. are the Sandvihen
works, producing when in full opera¬
tion 2000 cwt. Bessemer steel per
week. The conversion of the pig-iron,
which rushes down in molten cascades
into the hanging steel furnaces, is
worth seeing; a steamhammer of 330
cwt., on an anvil of 420 cwt., forges
iron plates of 1100 cwt. in weight;
steel guns of 120 cwt. have been cast
here, and the rest of the works are on
the same scale.
Kungftgdrden Stat.
38 kil. Storvih. Junct. Stat. Ely.
S. to Krylbo, N. to Ostersund and
Trondlijem.
EoherUliolm. Born-Ldngsjon.
From Storvik the line runs through
a region of forest and stony wastes,
along lakes and across three bridges
to the last station, near which lie the
large steam saw-mills of
Korsnds Stat., 87 kil., altitude 370
feet, Carlsforss, and Nds. Tlience
along Lakes Eimn and Tisken to
Falun Stat. Inns: Stadshotellet ;
Dala ; Nya Hotellet; Falu.
Falun, the chief town of Dalecarlia,
and residence of the governor of the
shire or Idn, which is officially called
Stora Kopparherg (great copper moun¬
tain), as well as of a number of govern¬
ment officials connected with the mines,
has 7350 inhab. and 2 churches, the
Kristina-Kyrka, and the Kopparbergs-
Kyrka. Also the Bddhus, the Gym¬
nasium, and Magasinhus, which latter
contains a collection of minerals. Mr.
Nordin, bookseller in the great square,
gives information to travellers about
the town and neighbourhood, and
supplies maps, engravings, &c. Fa¬
cilities for inspecting the mines and
machinery, &c., are afforded at the
mining office, on application, where a
guide is appointed and overcoats pro¬
vided. It is well to have on stout
boots, as there are many wet places in
the mine. The guide is paid one
krona, with increase if the party be
large, according to the number of
visitors and the time occupied.
Falun is essentially a mining town,
and the paucity of vegetation around
it affords a striking proof of the in¬
fluence of the fumes arising from the
quantities of copper-ore smelted here.
These fumes, however, appear to be a
capital preservative against pestilence,
cholera, and other epidemics, from
which Falun, like Swansea, has been
in a remarkable degree exempt, so that
the Eoyal Court has at times taken
refuge here when pestilence raged in
Stockholm.
This place is much visited by mine¬
ralogists and other men of science, on
account of its mines, as well as for the
admirable machinery and works for
raising and smelting the ore.
The Great Copper-Mines are situ¬
ated on the W. side of the town; they
are the oldest and most celebrated in
Europe, having an historical existence
of upwards of 600 years; but it is cer¬
tain that they are much older, probably
several centuries. The fir^t public
record, however, is in the time of
Birger Jarl, when they appear to have
been worked by the Lubeckers. In
1388 the powerful Bo Jonsson Grip,
marshal of the kingdom, held half of
them as a fief under Queen Margaret.
For a number of years the mines
produced upwards of 3000 tons of cop-
122
EOUTE 18.---DALECARLIA COPPER MINES.
Sweden.
per annually, but since 1650 the prn-
dtice lias gradually fallen off. In 1690
it was 1900 tons; in 1716, 1230 tons,
and during the present century the
production has not exceeded 400 tons
per annum. Some of the excavations
are now in a dilapidated and danger¬
ous state. In 1750 a regular and
systematic mode of working was intro¬
duced ; prior to that period the robbing
system had been pursued, and irregular
excavations made in pursuit of the
ore.
The principal shafts are—King
Frederick's, 200 fathoms deep; King
Adolphus Frederick’s, 160 fathoms,
and Kreutz’s shaft, 120 fathoms. The
external opening or excavation is not
above 300 ft. in depth, but it is of
immense extent, being at least 1000 ft.
in length and nearly that in breadth,
resembling in some degree the form
and shape of an inverted cone. About
a century back, in consequence of the
injudicious mode of the workings that
had been carried on, a run took place,
and a large quantity of the surface
crust fell in, which has left the present
extensive chasm or crater, called Staten,
from which numerous galleries branch
off to the workings in the interior.
The descent for the first 46 fathoms is
easy enough, as there are regular,
though rather slippery, steps to that
depth, which lead into some very
extensive and magnificent excavations;
among others into a large chamber in
which a grand dinner was given to
Charles John, his queen, and the
Crown Prince Oscar, on which occa¬
sion the mines were brilliantly illu¬
minated. Further down, the descent
is by means of hanging iron ladders.
The places to which Gustavus Adol¬
phus, Adolphus Frederick, Gustavus
III., Charles John, and King Oscar
descended, are marked by their re¬
spective names carved in the rock and
covered with glass cases. Accidents
are rare, but have happened; the most
curious being that of a young man,
Mathias Israelson, who was lost in
1670, and his body not recovered till
1719, when it was identified by his
former sweetheart, then an old woman,
and on being exposed to the air became
as hard as stone. In this state it was
preserved under a glass case, but
gradually fell to pieces, and had to be
buried in 1740.
Connected with the mines are a
Mining-school, an extensive technical
library, a mineral and geological
Museum, and a model room, which are
well worthy of a visit.
After groping among the subter¬
ranean wonders of the copper-mines,
a ramble amongst the peasantry in the
neighbouring villages will be found all
the more refreshing.
Dalecarlia, or Dalarne, chiefly con¬
sists of the two great river-basins and
numerous side branches of the Wester-
dal and Osterdal (or W. and E. Dal)
rivers, which unite a few miles W. of
Falun and there form the Dal. The
population of these valleys is about
170,000, and they retain more of their
ancient simplicity of manners, dress,
and mode of living than the natives of
any other part of Sweden. This arises
from their isolated position, as well as
from the fact of their thinking them¬
selves a superior race to their more
lowland neighbours in the S. It is
from this district that the industrious
peasants migrate in considerable num¬
bers to Stockholm during the summer
months. Their ingenuity is equal to
their industry, for they are extensive
manufacturers of basket-work, tools,
clocks, watches, &c., which they sell
all over the country.
Truth compels us to mention that
cleanliness is not a virtue cultivated
by the peasants. Differing from the
rest of the Swedes, they do not wash,
and some of their costumes being
ancestral, the smell from a congregated
body of them is almost unbearable.
A smelling-bottle is indispensable if
you go to church.
In traversing the country we shall
fall in with many places memorable in
the eventful life of the great Liberator
Sweden.
ROUTE 18. -FALUN TO ELFDAL.
123
Gustaviis Wasa. This province may
truly be called the cradle of Swedish
civil and religious liberty, for here
rose Engelbrecht with his brother
miners, and swept the oppressors out of
the country; here the Stnres found
their chief support in struggling with
the unionists; and here, hnally, Gus-
tavus matured, arranged, and com¬
menced, after many wanderings, dis¬
guises, and hair-breadth escapes from
treachery and his Danish pursuers, to
carry out his great plan for the vin¬
dication of Swedish independence.
At Banhliyttan, on the S. shore of Lake
Runn, the barn is still standing, where
he threshed, disguised as a peasant;
at Orncis, also on the-liuun, Sf Lng. m.
from Falun, the building is maintained
by the State, where he was saved by
Barbro Stigstletter from the treachery
of her husband, Arendt Person. I'he
room and the bedstead where he rested
are still shown, together with a collec¬
tion of Dala costumes, portraits and
weapons. At Borggdrdet, 17J Eng. ni,,
first station on the liigh road to Gefie,
is the end of tlie Svartsjo lake, the
wooded shores of which sheltered Gns-
tavus when pursued by the spies of
Christian II. in 1520. At Isala, about
Eng. m. distant on the E. side of the
lake, the barn stiil exists in which he
threshed corn for Sven Elfsson, who
discovered, but concealed him; it is
still possessed by the trusty Sven’s
descendants. As we proceed N.W.
from Falun, and penetrate further into
the recesses of Dalecarlia, fresh
mementoes of the hero apjjear, and
the country itself becomes still more
interesting.
Route from Falun to FJlfdal, hy
Lake Siljan,
dist. 16 Sw. m., or 107 Eng. m., the road
leads through some, of the most pic¬
turesque scenery of Dalecarlia, and its
kind and hospitable inhabitants may
be seen to greater advantage than in
any other part of the district. Beyond
Mora the road is sandy and full of
ruts, and the scenery ceases to be
interesting enough to repay the
fatigue. The following new aiid com¬
monly used route takes the traveller
in one day from Falun to Mora.
The traveller has to take the
morning train from Falun to Borlange
(Rte. 16), from thence by coach in one
hour to Bdtsta, wliere there is a
steamer which plies up the Dal river
to the church of Gagnef (2 hours) ; the
route is continued by coach half an
hour to Grdsta, whence a larger
steamer proceeds to Liksand. The voy¬
age ujD file East Dal river, passing the
little Lake Snejon, is most agreeable.
Leksand, a large church village.
Inn: Gabtgifvaregard. This place
is beautifully situated at the S.E.
corner of the great Siljan Lake, at the
point where the E. Dal fiows from it
into the Innsjo. The ch. of this large
Dala parish is a rather imposing struc¬
ture, and a great place of resort, on
Sundays and festivals, for the Dale-
carlians from the surrounding villages
upon the lake, and it is a most inter¬
esting scene to watch their arrival and
departure, all dressed in their holiday
costume. The boats they use are
generally rowed by 8 men and 8 women
each, and those who wish to see them
arrive should be at the landing-place
on the lake (about 5 minutes’ walk
from Leksand) at 7 a.m. punctually.
The church-service begins about 8’30.
From the summit of the Kdringberg
a very good view may be obtained.
The steamer plies across the Siljan
Lake to Mora at its N. extremity, a
very agreeable voyage of about 3 hrs.
The road runs at some distance from
the shore by
10 Eug. m. Ftby. This stage passes
over some hills called Bergsdngs-
hackarna, from which the view is most
extensive as well as beautiful, ranging
over the wide expanse of the Siljan
and its picturesque shores. The road,
on leaving Utby, runs along an arm of
the lake to the large village of
SI Eng. m. Wikarhy, passing by the
Church of Rattvik, large and handsome;
124
ROUTE 18 -MORA.-ELFDAL.-SARNA.
Sweden.
like that of Leksand, and by Lerdal,
one of the most pictnresqne spots in
Dalecarlia. Hence a sturdy pedes¬
trian, who admires wild beauty of
scenery, can make his way to OJcan-
myra, 11|^ king- ni., and Boda Ciiapel,
near which is a waterfall of 200 feet,
called Styggforsen.
81 Eng, rn. Garsds, is the first station
in the large parish of Mora, and thence
by the villages of Nynds and Fdrnds
to Mora Noret, where the Orsa Lake,
in a broad stream, empties itself into
Siljan and
131 Eng. m. Mora, another great vil¬
lage, more resembling a town, with a
large handsome ch., roofed with copper;
parsonage, post-office, schools, and an
hotel (Gastgifvaregard, opposite the
landing place of the steamer), such as
one would scarcely expect to meet with
so high up in the “ Dales.” The
gathering of the peasants in the
churchyard on Sunday in their bright
dresses is a picturesque scene. The
panels of the gallery in Mora church
are covered with queer paintings of
Scripture subjects by a local artist.
Leksand, Ifattvik, and Mora are all
remarkable places in tlie history of
Gustavus Wasa. 1 Eng. m. from
IMora, oil a ness projecting into the
Siljan, is UtmeUmd, where he was
saved from the Danish spies by the
presence of mind of Tomt-Maths Lar-
sson’s wife, who concealed him in
the cellar, and rolled an ale-tub over
the trap-door. There is a small build¬
ing erected over this cellar by way
a monument, adorned on the outside
with the arms of Sweden and its pro¬
vinces, and on the inside with the
arms of Wasa, and three paintings—
one by Hbckert, of the scene in this
very cellar; one by Edw. Bergh, of
the flight from Ornas; and one by
his Majesty Charles XV., representing
the incident at the village of Salen,
where, despairing of his country and
traversing the wilds into Norway, the
Liberator was found and brought
back by the repentant Dalecarlians.
This monument can be seen at any
time. Tlie place is likewise shown’
in the grounds of the parsonage of
Mora, where Gustavus, and after him
Gustavus III., aping his great pro¬
genitor, harangued the assembled
people. The road is sandy and rutty
ky
13f Eng. m. Garherg, to
10| Eng. m. Elf dal. Good quarters
at the Post Stat, The porphyry
works, about Eng. m. N. of this
station, where the great vase at Rosen-
dal and the sarcophagus of Charles
John in the Riddarholm’s ch., Stock¬
holm, were manufactured, are to be
seen. One or two old workmen may
be found, from whom specimens of
porpliyry occurring in this neighbour¬
hood may be purchased. Many of
them are beautiful and they bear the
finest polish. The scenery around here
is also very picturesque, and the nu¬
merous falls and cataracts, formed by
the Dal, add much to the beauties of
the landscape.
To the N. and E. of Elfdal traces of
human industry become much less fre¬
quent ; mountain, ravine, cataract, and
pine-forest, follow each other in end¬
less succession. The shooting in these
forests is highly spoken of, the bear
and elk being at times met with in
them, besides the capercailzie and the
hazel-hen. The richly-wooded and
wild range of country, which lies to
the S.W. of Elfdal, between the W.
Dal and Clar rivers is very thinly
inhabited, and here wild beasts, toge¬
ther with most kinds of game, are fully
as numerous as in any other part of
Sweden. Mr. Lloyd, who had been a
sportsman in these regions nearly all
his life, speaks highly of the fishing in
the W. Dal and by its numerous water¬
falls.
Those who wish to see more of the
Dalecarlians, and the wildest and
most magnificent scenery their country
atfords, should proceed two stages up
the E. Dal from Elfdal to
o
9 Eng. m. Asen, and
40 J Eng. m. Sdrna, and then cross the
country to the W. Dal, and keeping
Sweden.
125
EOUTE 19. -STOCKHOLM TO TRONDHJEM.
down the noble valley through which
that river runs, by Lima, Malung.
Jerna, and Floda, to its junction with
the E. Dal at Djursds, and so back to
Falun, thus making the complete tour
of Dalecarlia.
Routes to Norway.
Travellers who are unencumbered
with carriage, and desire to proceed in
the most direct manner to Itoraas in
Norway, may do so by the mountain
paths up the valley of the E. Dal
from Sarna to Idre, where the last
vestige of a road ends. From Idre it
is 7 hours’ rough walking with a guide
through the fort-sts to the farm-house
of Sterho. Thence it is 1| hours by
rowing-boat to Lilleho, passing on the
way the boundary between Norway
and Sweden, marked by a narrow
cutting from N. to S. through the
pine trees. It is another hour by boat
to Drevoehytte, which consists of a few
farm-houses—the one by the landing-
place affording comfortable accommo¬
dation. This is a delightful day’s ex¬
cursion through some of the wildest
scenery in Sweden. It is best on
leaving Drevoehytte to go up to the
Fmmund Lake to Seter. This with two
rowers costs 16 kr. The boat should
be procured in the village before
starting, the lake being Eng. m. off.
It is a long, barren sheet of water sur¬
rounded by low hills. After 4 hours
the first habitation is reached. It is
4| hours more to Seter, a tiny village,
two-thirds up the lake on the W. side.
It is 30 Eng. m. fi om Seter to Boraas
by a good and distinct road. The
whole excursion is very interesting to
the pedestrian, but as there are no
inns and but little food, no one should
attempt it who is not able to bear a
considerable amount of fatigue and
privation.
Another route leads from Elfdal, by
101 Eng. m. Garberg,
181 Orsa,
10 Eng. m. Skatungeby,
121 Eng. m. Arfvei,
62 Eng. m. Furudal,
131 Eng. m. Bole,
111 Eng. m. Einstuga,
111 Eng. m. Fdsby,
lOf Eng. m. Alfta,
121 Eng. m. JJeden, Eollua’s rail¬
road station, where it joins the railway
line from Stockholm to Ange, Sunds-
vall, and Norway. See Rtes. 19 and 26.
On this cross route both private
vehicles and fbrbud are very necessary
precautions. (See also Rtes. 28, 29.)
ROUTE 19.
STOCltHOLM TO TRONDHJEM, BY LPSALA,
STORVIK, AND OSTERSUND (BY RAIL).
[are to LEVANGER—BY ROAD.]
The through railway communica¬
tion was completed in July 1882.
The journey occupies 57 hours, but a
halt for the night is made at Bollnas
and Ostersund. Fare from Stockholm,
45 kr. 15 o., 1 st class. Distance, 854
kil.. 530 Eng. m.
Stockholm to Upsala (Rte. 17),
66 kil.
Upsala^ to Sala, 62 kil.. by way of
Vdiige, Aland, Vittinge, Moryongdfva,
and Heby, small unimportant stations.
Sala (Rte. 22 , p 128).
Sala to Krylbo (Rte. 22).
Krylbo to Storvik (Wahlgren’s
Hotel), the junction of the Fahlun
and Gelle railway (Rte. 18).
Storvik to Bollnas, whei-e a halt may
be made for the night (Jernvag’s
Hotel), nearly 200 Eng. m. (317 kil.)
from Stockhohn.
Bollnas to Ange, whence a branch
line runs E. tn Sundstvall (Rte. 26),
and W. to Ostersund. A line is under
construction from Bracke, on the road
ROUTE 19.-OSTERSUND.-SKALLSTUGAN.
126
Ange-Ostersund, to Solleftea on the
All german river (see Kte. 20).
bstersund Stat. 586 kil., or 863 Eng.
m. from Stockholm. Inn : Jernvag’s
Hotel, at the station; Gastgifvare-
garden. This small town, of about
3000 inhah., is the only one in the
extensive province of Jemtland, and
is the residence of its governor. It is
built on the E. bank of the Stoi’sjo
lake, of which it commands lovely
views, the whole neighbourhood being
exceedingly picturesque. Especially
beautiful is the view from the school-
house on Eroso island, embracing the
well-cultivated shores around the lake,
with their many cliurches, and in the
background the isolated mountain of
Areskutan, 5380 ft. high, and on the
northern side covered with eternal
snow. The mountain is surrounded
by a well-peopled district, and the
ascent is easy. The view from the
top is grand; streams and lakes glisten,
like ribbons of white satin, between
the dark forests, and to the W. extends
a sea of mountain ridges and tops,
while to the E. is seen the large sheet
of the Storsjo, with its shores and
promontories, and the island of Eroso,
at a distance of more than 50 Eng. m.
In Eroso there is a Runic stone “ erec-
ted to the memory of Ostmadur Gud-
fast’s son, who fir.st Christianised
Jemtland.” The Church is one of the
oldest in Sweden, and is built of stone.
Leaving Ostersund, the line passes
along the N. bank of the Storsjo Lake,
and crosses the Indal river; it then
traverses a marshy district, and arrives
at maiden (618 kib). A number of
small stations follow in succession to
Are, immediately above which towers
the mountain Areskutan, wliich may
be easily ascended. On the oppo¬
site side of the mountain are copper-
mines.
The last station in Sweden on this
line is Storlien, whence the line is con¬
tinued to Trondhjem. (Handbook for
Norway, Rte. 2.)
On the N. side of Areskutmi a road
goes to Levanger (Norway, Rte. 19),
Sweden.
which passes at 2 Sw. m. from Are,
Tdnnsjdn, near to which the river Tann4
forms a waterfall, 100 ft. in iieight by
30 or 40 in breadtli. The Tdnnforsen is
one of the finest waterfalls in Sweden.
The Finnefors, distant about 1J m. S., j
may be reached from hence. A lake i
is passed on the rt. hand, where boats '
can generally be obtained to cross the i
lake, on the otlier side of which is I
the fall. Erom Stalltjernstugan the ^
ascent is long and steep, nearly the i
whole stage, during which the birch
becomes more abundant than the fir.
If the road to Levanger be continued,
the traveller will pass through a pic¬
turesque district, and numerous water¬
falls add to the wild character of the
scenery.
Skallstugan. This is tlie last station
on the Swedish side of the mountains,
and tolerable quarters for the night may
be procured. The ascent from hence
again becomes gradual, and tiie scenery
less grand. Ptarmigan abound along
this ridge of the mountains, and bears
are said to be numerous in the lower
parts. The Norwegian frontier is
passed about midway upon the stage,
where a rude pile of stones marks the
boundary line, which is most carefully
kept up throughout its whole length.
At this point the road is about 2000 ft.
above the sea-level.
Soon after crosbing the frontier the
road passes between some fine moun¬
tains, and rapidly descends on entering
the grand valley of the Suul river, in
which the scenery becomes magnificent.
The first station, on the Norwegian
side, where horses can be procured, is
SuuJstuen, but near the frontier,
on the Norwegian side, is the Kong-
stuen Stat., where horses are baited on
ascending from the W. Erom Suul-
stuen the road continues to
Garness,
Nses, and
Levanger, on the Trondhjem fjord
(see Handbook for Norway),
Trains very slow and carriages small.
Trondhjem Terminus.
Inns: Britannia best.
Stveden. routes 20 & 21. —angerman river.—dalecarlia. 127
EOUTE 20.
SUNDSWALL TO OSTERSUND, BY THE
ANGERMAN RIVER.
Steamer from Simdswall to Hernd-
sand, and thence by smaller steam¬
boats, leaving three times a week, to
Solleftea on the Angerman (see
lite. 26). In addition to the station
tliere is a capitol Hotel where many
comforts may bo met with. There is a
fine old Church with detached belfry
on the top of the hill. Scenery very
fine.
Solleftea stands at^the junction of
the Faxe-Elf and the Angermanelf. A
railroad is being constructed from
Solleftea to Bracke, on the line
Sundsvall-Ostersund.
Id Eng. m. Ldngsele.
1.3J Eng. m. Ledinge. Quaint old
Church well worth a visit.
10 Eng. m. Bispgdrden or Forssen.
Near here is the former Gerungsen
fall, now dry, owing to the course of
the Ragunda having been diverted.
131 Eng. m. Pdlgdrd, in Jemtland.
Very fine scenery all the way and
good stations. The Uammar fall is
well worth seeing. Near the road is
a very curious old stone Churchy now
disused, but preserved as a relic of
antiquity. It retains a profusion of
very quaint wood carving about it,
and it is, on the whole, one of the
most interesting old buildings in
Sweden, on no account to be missed.
10 Eng. m. Doviken. A fine station
with handsome rooms, well furnished.
Near here is the Krdngede full^ about
ten minutes’ walk from the road.
The road follows the course of the
river through very fine scenery to
11 | Eng. m. >S'^romsnas. Indifferent
station.
10 Eng. m. Stugun. Cross the ri\ er
by ferry.
11|^ Eng. m. Bogsjd.
llj Eng. m. Tafnas, at the railroad
station Pilgrimstad. Here the rail¬
road from Sundswall to Ostersund is
joined.
ROUTE 21.
ARVIKA TO DALECARLIA.
Arvika. See Rte. 6. This route
leads through some of the least visited
portions of Sweden.
13 J Eng. m. Aplung. A very long and
tedious hill leads to the summit of the
range, where a view of vast extent
and unequalled beauty is obtained,
stretching far over a broad valley,
dotted with lakes and well cultivated.
4^ Eng. m. Sonehij. The road leads
along the side of the lake to
61 Eng. m. Sunne, standing midway
between the two lakes Fyrken and
Ofver-Fyrken. The situation is ex¬
tremely pretty and the accommoda¬
tion good. The road passes, by a long
bridge, over the stream connecting
the two lakes, through a large, culti¬
vated tract of country.
51 Eng. m. Gunnoshijn.
71 Eng. m. Ldfdseu. Sandy road to
81 Eng. m. Norra Skoga. Bad sta¬
tion. Fine scenery. Ferry over the
magnificent river, with fine falls to
51 Eng. m. Rada.
10 Eng. m. Asplund.
131 Eng. m. Logdsen. The road
128
KOUTE 22. -STOCKHOLM TO FALUN.
Sweden.
over the hills passes through a scene
of great wildness and desolation.
14J Eng. m. Tyngsjd, in Malung
Dalarne. Heavy road, mostly through
the forest, to
21 Eng. m. Ragsioeden.
10 Eng m. Skamhed. Here the
Waster Dal is crossed, a fine, broad
stream, floating down immense quan¬
tities of timber. The road continues
along the river and is very picturesque.
15J Eng. m. Sweden. This is well
into Dalecarlia, and the characteristic
costumes of the people are seen at each
village. As this is one of the least
visited districts of the country, many
primitive customs are still retained.
The men wear long coats with coloured
bindings, brilliant stockings and
waistcoats, and hats adorned with
ribbons. The women’s costume is a
short, coloured dress, with an apron of
divers hues, a low bodice, white
sleeves, and a bright-hued scarf.
10 Eng. m. Bjorho. A very good
station. Agricultural district, well
under cultivation.
15 Eng. m. Nordanholn.
Eng. m. Komtillmdtta, where the
East Dal and the West Dal rivers fall
together.
Here passes the steamer from Gr&sta
to Leksand and Mora every day (see
Rte. 18.)
ROUTE 22.
STOCKHOLM TO FALUN, BY TILLBERGA,
SALA, HEDEMOKA, AND BOKLANGE.
Rail to Tillberga in Rte. 15. From
this the stations are Hedensberg,
Ransta, Terua Stat.
12 J Eng. m. Sala Stat. Inn: Glist-
gifvaregard. This small town, with
450i) inhab., is celebrated for its silver-
mine, which has furnished specimens
to most cabinets of minerals. Worked
since 1511, it has yielded millions
of pounds, but at present the produc¬
tion does not exceed 2000 pounds
annually, worth little more than the
working expenses. The greatest depth
of this mine is 1000 feet, and the many
workings and galleries excavated in
the course of centuries, are well worth
descending to see, as is also the
operation of refining the silver.
Near the town is a very charming
parsonage and the manor of Washy,
formerly a royal domain, and often the
residence of Gustavus I. and Gusta-
vus H. The grove where the latter is
said to have first declared his love to
Ebba Brahe is still carefully preserved.
About a mile S.W. of the town is
Sdtra, a mineral spring which is mtich
frequented and surrounded with a
pretty park.
Bailwnys. —From Sala to Upsala,
38 Eng. m., by way^of Heby, Morgoii-
gafva, Vittinge, Aland, and Vange,
through an uninteresting district.
After leaving Sala, the beauty of
the scenery on this road increases as
it proceeds N. Westmanland is consi¬
dered to bo better farmed than many
other district in Sweden, and some
fine examples of cultivation may be
seen uiwn the portion of it through
wliich this route passes. The houses
of the farmers and peasants also dis-
]day great neatness and comfort. The
Railway ascends the valley of the Dal
Elf. Next are
Brdddho Stat.
Krylbo Junct. Stat. to Engelsberg.
Seglingsberg, Ramnas, Tillberga, and
Borlange.
A rly., 40 Eng. ra., crosses the fron¬
tier of Dalecarlia from Krylbo to
Borlange. See Rtes. 10 and 18.
Avesta Stat. On this stage the
Dal river is crossed by the railroad
on a high iron-bridge, a little above
the point where it expands into a
Sweden.
ROUTE 23. —UDDEVALLA TO OSKARSHAMN.
lake of a most irregular form, with
numerous and richly wooded high¬
lands. The length of this picturesque
lake to its junction with the sea
at Elfkaiieo, is about 55 Eng. m.
A vesta is a large factory, belonging to
the Falun Mining community, with
rehning furnaces and rolling-mills for
copper, forging hammers, iron-foundry,
(fcc., and with its post-office, shops,
and other buildings, has quite the ap¬
pearance of a little town. Beautiful
fall in the river. Three quarters of a
mile S.E. is
B7'unnbacl{, at a beautiful part of
the Dal river, and famous as the place
where, in 1521, Gustavus Wasa and
his Dalecaiiians gained their first de¬
cisive victory over the Danish invaders.
Hedemora. A small town with
1300 inhab., but the oldest in Dale-
carlia. It is uninteresting, apart
from the beauty of the scenery around
it. The inn here is decent, and the
food tolerable. E. from the town is
Garpenherg ironworks, and N. of this
Dorm^jd and Kloster powder-mills on
the Elmo lake. (For the road to Lek-
sandon the way to Elfdal, see Rte. 18.)
The country from here to Falun is a
fdiain of small valleys, generally with
a lake at the bottom of each. They
are only divided from each other by
gentle elevations. The poverty of the
houses and barrenness of the soil in¬
crease ill proportion as the scenery be¬
comes wilder and more picturesque.
Sdter on the Sdtersdal, a small town
with about 550 inhab., has very fair
accommodation for travellers at the
post station, and it is chiefiy visited
on account of its charming situation,
by a little river running from Lake
JJusteru into the Dal river, at the
end of the beautiful Setter’s valley.
A quarter of a mile otf are the iron-
mines of Bispherg, with remarkable
machinery by Polhem, and a splendid
view from the top of the mountain,
far away to Lake Runn and Falun
on one side, and Hedemora on the
other.
Borldnge. (See Rtes. IG and 18.)
\_Sweden.']
129
Borlange to Falun, by rail, by way
of Domnarfvet and Ornds.
Falun (Rte. 18).
ROUTE 23.
UDDEVALLA TO OSKARSHAMN, BY JON-
KOPING AND NASSJO. RAIL.
This route traverses Sweden from
W. to E., bending southwards to pass
that end of the Lake Wettern. Trains
3 times a day by
Engebacken, where, except on special
signals, they do not stop.
Byr. At this station the train,
having run through some picturesque
scenery in the province of Bohus, and
crossed the Ris river, first on a hand¬
some bridge at Kurd, and then on an
embankment, enters the shire of Elfs-
borg, and by
Grunnebo, reaches
Wenersborg Stat. (see Rte. 4).
Crossing over Hufvudnas fall in the
Gotha river by a steel bridge, about 3
m. above the Trollhattan Falls, the
train proceeds next to
Ednnum.
Lilleskog. On this last stage the
train passes through the romantic
valley between Halleberg and Iluyme-
berg, 2 remarkable mountains, visible
tar out on the Lake Wenern, and of
which the former, with its quite perpen¬
dicular sides, formed, as it were, by
immense pillars, its dense woods, long,
narrow lake on the top and precipice
on the S. side, down which the ancient
heathen threw themselves when weary
of life, rises 485 ft. above the sea,
while the latter, twice as large, and
490 ft. in height, contains no less than
K
130
ROUTE 23. —BORAS.-JONKOPING.
Sweden.
23 little lakes, which disgorge their
waters in a fine cascade down the
side of the mountain. The Halleberg
is easily accessible by a new road from
Lilleskog. The line has now entered
the shire of Skaraborg, the next
station being
Sahlstad. The country about here
is flat, but well cultivated.
Stats.
Branch
Grdstorp.
Ul/storp.
Hdkantorp. Branch line to Lid-
koping. The line, which so far has
run in an E. direction, here turns S.
to
Wara Stat.
Wedum Stat. After leaving this
station the line passes through one of
those dreary wastes in West Gotland
called svdltor, to
56J Eng. m. Herrljunga Junct. Stat.
This is a station on the Western main
line (see Kte. 3). [Hence a line
branches otf to the S. to Boras,
through part of the shire of Elfsborg,
by the stations of Ljung,
Borgstena, and
Fristad. Churches and villages are
passed at short intervals on the journey
from Herrljunga, and after leaving
Fristad the line enters a very pic¬
turesque part, where the Wiska river
is seen coursing through valleys en¬
closed between wooded heights, and
beyond which the train (which on
these lines has no Ist-class carriages )
stops at
Boras Stat., 26 Eng. m., 42 kil. from
Herrljunga {Inns : Yestergotland;
Eklunds; Boi'as). This town was
founded 1624 by Gustavus Adolphus
as a centre for the manufacturing
industry of the country people in
these parts, the handlooms of whicli
are still busy, particularly in ^the
hundreds of Mark, Kind, and Ahs,
notwithstanding their productions
being supplemented by such modern
establishments near this town as
liydboholms and Bydahls fiictories
lor cotton stufl's and yarns, besides
several others. The town, which has
about 4000 inhab., is pretty and plea¬
santly situated on the banks of the
river Wiska, has good hotels and res¬
taurants, a handsome ch., &c. Not far
from Bor4s is the farm of Germun-
dered, where the Empiess Catherine I.
of Russia, daughter of an Ensign Eabe
from Livland, was born ; a little more
distant, the ruins of Sundholmen
castle, the great estate of Torpa and
others.]
From Herrljunga Stat. the S.W.
Rly. is followed as far as
Falkoping Stat. and
Wartofta Junct. Stat. [Here a short
line branches S, to
8| E. m. ZJlricehamn. A small in¬
land town, prettily situated on the Lake
Asunden, and with some 1400 inhab.
It was formerly called Bogesund, and
in its neighbourhood, on the ice of the
lake, was fought in 1520 the battle in
which Sten Sture the younger re¬
ceived his mortal wound, while trying
to oppose the progress of Cliristian
the Tyrant.]
Leaving Wartofta and Sandhem
Stat., and skirting the small lake of
Str&ken, we reach Mullsjo Stat. Be¬
yond
Ilaho Stat., where is a curious
wooden Church, pleasing views are ob¬
tained E. over the Wettern Lake, with
the island Yisingso and the shores of
East Gotland beyond. Crossing the
Dumme a (river), we enter Province
Sm^land on an embankment 60 ft.
high ; tlien through Bankeryd Forest,
and over the Djupedal ravine, reach
413 kil., 256 E. m.,frnm Stockholm ;
183 kil, 113J E. m., from Gothenburg,
Jonkoping Stat. {Inns : Stora Hotel-
let, one of the best hotels in Sweden ;
Lundbergs Hotel), at the S. extremity
of Lake Wettern, with a harbour and
lighthouse, a large trade in com,
iron, and wood, several manufactories,
including an extensive fabrication of
lucifer-matches, the neat and cheap
little boxes of which are met with
Sweden.
131
•ROUTE 23 . -JONKOPING.—EKSJO.
over many countries in Europe,
and even in China and Japan. The
town has a very central position in
the S. of Sweden, and counts about
15,680 inliab.; is the residence of
the governor of one of the three
shires or districts into which the
province of Smaland is divided, and
tlie seat of tlie Superior Court of Jus¬
tice of Gotha, which holds its sittings
ill a fine old court-house^ where there is
a queer little juridical Museum. There
are no remains of the Castle, which was
burned down along v;ith the town, 1 (512,
by Gustav Adolph to prevent its falling
into the hands of the Danes. Ti e
Ch. is modern. It is a comfortable
place to stop at, for any one who
wishes to make excursions on the
Wettern and in the neighbourhood,
or to enjoy some good fishing and
shooting.
Steamers by way of Grenna, Hast-
holmen, Wadstena, and Motala on
the lake, to Stockholm; also to the
same places on the lake, including
Hjo and Askersund (see Rte. 24).
The situation of Jbnkoping is very
pleasing. In its environs are Mariedala
mineral spring and several country-
seats, two little lakes, on one of which,
the Munksjbn, is Stora Limugnen, the
summer promenade of the town, with
a restaurant, in a beautiful spot at the
foot of Danltehallar heights, and pre¬
senting a charming view of the town,
the lakes, and all along the eastern
valley, with its little bays and groves
of trees. Well worth seeing, also, is
Munhsjo paper-mill on the same lake,
and the manufactory of matches.
On leaving Jonkbpitig the train
passes N. of the town, on a high em¬
bankment of enormous strength, to
withstand the angry waves of the
Wettern, when beating against it under
the lash of a northern gale. Towards
the S. rises the mountain of Taherg,
1129 ft. high; gneiss, seamed with
magnetic iron-ore, yielding 32J per
cent, metal. Farther on, in a deep
dell on the 1., may be caught a glimpse
of Husqvarna musket-factory, formerly
belonging to the crown, but now pri¬
vate property, situated by a little river
of the same name, which here makes
a fall of 70 ft., which is seen from the
railroad.
Through a picturesque but difficult
country the line leads on to the next
station,
Tenhult Stat., 265| Eng;, m. from
Stockholm, close to which is a monu¬
ment, wnth an inscription to the effect
that “on the 10th of February, 1611,
the counti-y people of Tveta Hundred,
led on by the forester Michael, of
Tenby, defeated a Danish army at this
place.’’ Between lakes, churches, and
farms, the train progresses eastward,
past Forserum Stat., to that of
Nassjd Junct. Stat. (Inns: Jernvag’s
Hotel; Nassjo Hotel.) This is the
highest rly. stat. in South Sweden, 1044
ft. above the sea. This is the junction of
the Rly. from Stockholm to Mahno
(Rte. 8), and is also the junction for
Jonkoping. Halmstacl and Oskarshamn.
From N’assjo the E. Rly. proceeds,
by Broarp, to
EJisjo Stat., a town of 3000 inhab.,
near to which there is a ravine, 125 ft.
deep and 20 ft. broad, which passes
through a rocky hill for a distance of
nearly 2 Eng. miles.
Beyond Eksjo the line is continued
to Hultsfred junction (Rte. 8), from
which there are branches to Oskar-
shamn (Rte. 12), Wester oik (Rte. 12),
and Wimmerhy (Rte. 8).
K 2
132
KOUTE 24 . -JONKOPING TO HALLSBERG JUNCT. Sweden.
ROUTP] 24.
JONKOPING TO HALLSBEKG JTTNCT., BY
GRENNA, SKENNINGE, WADSTENA—
ALONG THE W. SHORE OF LAKE
WETTERN.
Joiikoping is described in Ete. 28.
Steamers along Wettern Luke troin
JoidvO[)ing to Stockholm almost daily,
touching at Grenna, Wadstena, and
IMotala, and on certain days at Hjo,
communicating ^Yith those on the Gota
Canal to Stockholm and Gothenburg.
From Jonkoping N., as far as Odes-
hog, the road skirts the E. shore of
Lake Wettern; a lovely drive, past
numerous villages, and commanding
extensive views over the lake. The
highway from Jonkoping passes
ISJ Eng. m. Edhy, and
1Eng. m. Grenna. This is a small
town on tlie Lake Wettern, with 1500
Inhab., prettily situated amongst or¬
chards, on the narrow base of a high
table-land, and consisting of one long
street. It was founded in 1652 by
Count Pehr Brahe, at a time when
the nobles in Sweden, enriched by the
great wars, were in high ascendency,
and parcelled out a great part of the
country into counties and baronies for
the families; a state of
things which was put an end to by
the famous reduction of Charles XI.—
Grenna then was included in the
Brahe county of Wisingsborg, so called
from the opposite island of
Wismgso, tlie largest in Lake Wet¬
tern, 10 E. m. long, 1| broad, in the
sliape of a hillock, but with steep,
almost perpendicular, shores to the
height of 12 to 15 ft. It is fertile,
but not naturally well-wooded; there
are, however, extensive oak planta¬
tions, made for the Crown, to which
the island now belongs. Several of
the old Swedish kings resided occa¬
sionally on this island. Magnus I. had
a castle on the S. point, called Ndsho,
of which remains are seen at the bot¬
tom of the lake. Borga was another
castle on the N.W. shore. Wisingsborg,
the castle of the princely Brahes, was
burnt down in 1718; some ruins of it
are still seen. The Ch ., of hewn stone,
contains the statues of Count Pehr and
his countess, and the burial-vault of
the family. On the S.E. side of the
island is the remarkable Gilberts
Cave, connected with various popular
legends.
On the heights above Grenna ap¬
pears the picturesque ruin of Brahe-
hus, a hunting-castle built by Count
Pehr, from the site of which extensive
views are obtained of the lake, the
island, and the surrounding country.
Grenna has a harbour and steam
communication with Jonkoping and
the other towns on the Ijake Wettern,
and with Stockholm. The Jonkoping
coach leaves here twice a week for
85 E. ni. Sjbberga. On this ■ stage
the road enters the province of East
Gotland.
10 E. m. BaeJeasand. On the follow¬
ing stage is Odeshog village and post-
office, from whence the road continue^
N. E. m. to Edstholmen and the
beautiful ruins of the cloister Alvastra.
The coach takes the N.E. road to
lOf E. m. Ostad. The nearest way
from this station to Linkoping is by
Molby, 8J E. m., and Bankeberg, lOf
E. m. The coach, however, goes round
by
E. m. Skenninge. This little
town, of about 1700 inhab., is situated
by a small stream called the Skena, in
the midst of the large and fertile plain
of East Gotland. It was a place of
much importance in the middle ages,
when it was styled Caput Gothise, had
several churches and convents, and
was the seat of a synod in 1248, at
which the celibacy of the clergy was
introduced in Sweden.
Sweden,
133
ROUTE 25.- STOCKHOLM TO WISBY.
From Skenninge the railroad runs N.
through FogeUta, from which place
there is a short line to IVaddena (see
Rte. 4) on to Motala (see Ete. 4),
Karlsby, Degeron, Godcgard, Ma-
riedamm, Tjerback, and Asbro to
Hallsberg Junct. Stat. (see Ete. 3).
The steamer Imund for Stockholm
quits the lake at Motala, where the
great river of that name commences
and follows the parallel branch of
the Gota canal (see Ete. 4), passing
5 locks at Borenshult.
EOUTE 25.
STOCKHOLM TO WISBY—THE ISLAND
OF GOTLAND.
A Steamer starts from Eiddarhol-
men thrice a week, and makes the
passage via Sodertelje canal in about
12 hrs. to Wisby. After leaving
Morko fjord (see Ete. 4) the course
is kept close upon the lighthouse of
Landsort to the E., wiiere it falls in
with the ordinary outer route of vessels
going S. from Stockliolm, past Wax-
holm (see Ete. 26), Dalaro customs-
station and bathing-place, Elfsnahhen, a
roomy harbour, whence Gustavus Adol¬
phus sailed, witli his army, for Ger¬
many in 1630, and the Utd iron-mines.
From Landsort the steamer crosses
over the Baltic direct to Gotland, and
returns from Wisby the same way to
Stockholm.
Another Steamer leaves Eiddar-
holmen once a week, by way of So¬
dertelje, and makes the passage to
Wisby in about 15 hrs.; leaves that port
for Borgholm and Kalmar, occupying
about 12 hrs. in the passage; returns
from Kalmar by way of Borgholm to
Wisby, and from that port to Stock¬
holm.
In winter these steamers cease to
run, and the only communication with
Wisby is then from Westervik (see
Ete. 12).
A narrow-gauge railway was opened
in Gotland in 1879, for a distance of
34 E. m. It runs from Visby to
Hemse in the S. in 3 hrs., by way of
Bardlingbo, Eoma, Bjerges, Butle,
Etelhem, and Stanga. But it is pre¬
ferable to drive round the island.
Wisby. Inns: Stads Hotellet;
Smedman’s, with restaurant. Carriages
and horses are to be hired at the
posting-house. At Nyberg’s book-shop,
maps and descriptions of the island.
MTsby is the only town on the
island, and has upwards of 6400 inhab.
It is situated on the N.W. shore, and
is the residence of a governor and a
bishop. It is still enclosed within its
ancient walls, flanked by towers at
intervals. The harbour is protected
from the fury of the waves by a
costly Breakwater. The island con¬
sists of limestone, furnishing some fine
marble, which was largely used in the
churches.
This town is of the highest historical
and antiquarian interest. The period of
its foundation is unknown, though tra¬
dition has it that it was built, or at least
enlarged, by the inhabitants of Vinela,
a town on the Pomeranian coast, about
800, but ‘‘in the 10th and 11th cen¬
turies (200 yrs. before the establishment
of the Hanseatic League in 1241) it was
one of the most important commercial
cities in Europe.”— Laing’s ‘Sweden.’
“During the 11th and 12th centuries
a great portion of the Eastern trade,
which had previously been carried
on through Egypt or Constantinople,
was diverted to a northern line of
communication, owing to the disturbed
state of the East, which preceded, and
indeed gave rise to, the Crusades. At
this time a very considerable trade
passed through Eussia, up the Volga,
and centered in Novgorod. Thence
134
Sweden.
ROUTE 25. —ISLAND OF GOTLAND.
it passed along the Baltic to Gotland,
which was apparently chosen for the
security of its island position. In 1158
it was declared a free city of the
Empire.
In 1237 Henry III. of England
granted to its merchants liberty to
trade in liis dominions, duty free.
In the 12th centy. a code of mari¬
time law was established here, which
has served as a foundation for sub¬
sequent legislation on the subject
in many countries. During the 14th
and 15th centuries the town was a
principal factory of the Hanseatic
League, and attained to still greater
wealth and importance. It had at
the commencement of this period 18
churches and 3, if not 5, convents,
and mustered 12,000 burghers, besides
artisans and labourers. The latter
lived outside the walls, of which por¬
tions still remain, flanked by high
towers. Many of the churches were
erected for the use of difierent nation¬
alities, which traded and liad factories
established here.
In their prosperity and power the
haughty islanders withdrew their an¬
cient allegiance from the Swedish
Crown, and asserted an independence
which ultimately became their ruin.
Swedes, Danes, and Lubeckers fought
for the possession of the island and its
treasures. In 1361 Waldemar III. of
Denmark, with the connivance of
INIagnus II. of Sweden, took Wisby
by storm. The plunder lie obtained
was enormous, as it was then the
grand depot for all the merchandize
of the Baltic. Waldemar’s principal
treasure-ship, however, was totally lost
in a gale on the coast.
It was not the first sack that the
town had suffered, but after this last
blow its prosperity never returned.
The Eastern trade had been mono¬
polised by the Italian republics, and
the successful doubling of the Cape of
Good Hope followed. Gotland was
oppressed by rapacious Danish go¬
vernors, harassed by incursions of the
contending parties, or turned into a
nest of pirates by fugitive princes and
rulers, and first after the peace of
Bromsebro, which definitively restored
it to the Swedish dominion, recom¬
menced an era of quiet and settled
government. But Wisby was in ruins.
As it now remains, it is still the
most interesting town in the N. of
Europe. The view of it is particularly
striking from the sea. The ruined
churches, of the 11th and 12th cen¬
turies, all varying in form and orna¬
ment, are alone a mine of interest to
the Gothic architect. In many cases
each guild or nation trading here built
a church especially for itself.
The keys of all the ruined churches
are kept by the porter of the Hospital,
who will take visitors round to them
in succession.
The Cathedral of Sta. Maria, erected
by the Lubeckers in 1190-1225, is small,
like all the others—192 ft. in length by
75 in width—and has 3 spires, one on
the E., 200 ft. high, and two smaller
ones resembling minarets, on the W.
At the S. end of S. aisle is a large
chapel, added in the 14th centy. as a
vapenhus, or place to deposit arms
and wooden shoes on entering the ch.
The Byzantine, Gothic, and Eenais-
sance styles are curiously blended in
this church, which is the only one
that remains entire.
Helge-Ands Kyrltan [ Ch. of the Holy
Ghostj was built in 1046. It consists
of an octagon nave of 2 stories, and a
chancel ending in an apse. The nave
is about 52 ft. E. and W. “ A square
space in the centre is bounded by 4
pillars, between which the vault of the
lower story is omitted, so as to leave
an opening into the upper story.
Four pillars of slender design support
the vault of the upper church, and the
whole, with the roofs, rises to about
100 ft. To the eastward is a choir,
externally a rectangle, 32 ft. by 25,
I but internally semicircular at the
j eastern end. The church in Germany
I most like this, is perhaps that at
Schwarz Eheindorf. It also resembles
, the chapel at Freiburg, but the most
Sweden.
ROUTE 25 .— ISLAND OF GOTLAND.
135
extended and indeed typical example
of a church of this class is St. Gereon's
at Cologne.”— Fergusson, Archi. Each
by itself is a perfect church : tlie lower
one, though its massive pillars are
only 14 ft. high, has not the nature of
a crypt. The opening in the floor of
the upper one would permit service,
when performed in the lower church,
to be heard. One of the explanations
of this peculiarity is that the upper
church was intended for nuns, who
might thus attend to tlie service below
without being themselves seen.
The churches of 8t. Lawrence and
St. Drotten both belong to the 11th
centy. St. Nicholas must be as old as
the isth, probably the end of it. The
others range between these two dates,
forming themselves in what is rarely
met with—a complete and unaltered
series of examples of the style. Their
most striking peculiarity seems to be
tliat they are all small buildings.
St. Catherine was the handsomest of
the churches of Wisby, and belonged
to the Franciscan convent. The
portions remaining, including side
walls nearly perfect, 2 portals and
crypts, seem to belong to the early part
of the 13th centy. Of tlie vaulted roof
only the ribs are standing. Tliere still
remain of it 12 octagonal piers, which
supported the lofty roof, as well as the
greater part of the choir, in pure
Gothic style. St. Clement, St. George,
St. Olave, St. Hans, and St. Gertrude,
as well as the castle of Wishorg, have
left but few remains; St. Peter, St.
James, St. Michael, have disappeared
altogether; but many of the old houses,
constructed by the wealthy merchants
of Wisby in the days of her splendour,
survive, and are highly picturesque.
The old City Walls consist of two
parts, a thin outer wall and an inner
and stronger wall, a later addition,
resting on pointed arches within.
There are three gateways, and some of
the 30 towers are of 5 stories, and
50 ft. high.
About 1 E. m. N. of the town, on an
eminence, is the ancient Stone Gallows,
resting on 3 stone pillars, 15 ft. high,
set in a triangle, and walled round.
The pillars once supported wooden
beams, from which criminals were
hung. — See Sir Henry Dryden^s ‘ Notes
on Wisby.’
It is not Wisby only that is so inter¬
esting to the lover of Gothic archi¬
tecture. There are upwards of 100
churches in the island, mostly of the
11th and 12th centuries, which are
generally in a good state of preserva¬
tion, and very instructive examples oi
those periods.
Gotland is the largest island in the
Baltic, being about 80 Eng. m. long,
by 33 at the widest part. It is a lime¬
stone formation, and averages from 85
to 140 ft. above the level of the sea.
The climate is very temperate; the
walnut, mulberry, and grape ripen in
the open air ; the mulberry-gardens on
the sea side of the town like currant-
bushes, not trees; the flora generally
is very tempting to the botanist, and a
variety of vegetables thrive liere which
will not grow on the adjoining con¬
tinent. But little rain falls in sum¬
mer. The sunsets are most gorgeous.
The population of the island exceeds
56,000; a kind-hearted and obliging
race, amongst which, owing to their
isolated position, old legends and
usages, games and superstitions, have
lingered longer than in most parts of
the mainland, to which it presents
another contrast in its peculiar dialect.
The constitution is also in some re¬
spects different, particularly as regards
the defences, consisting here of a
national militia of about 9000 men,
which is well drilled, and cannot be
called away from the island. Large
country seats there are none, but the
houses of the rural population are
roomy and comfortable, and mostly
built of stone.
The means of subsistence are princi¬
pally agriculture and stock-rearing,—
both of them rather primitive in their
condition. Sheep, however, are abun¬
dant, and mutton an article of export.
136
EOUTE 26 . —STOCKHOLM TO HAPARANDA.
Sweden.
The native horses are small but hardy;
in some places they are half-wild, graz¬
ing in the open all the year round, and
only seeking shelter at the homesteads
when it is very cold. These animals
are called Russ. Woods are rather
abundant, except in the S. part of the
island, and there is plenty of game in
them; snipe-shooting is excellent.
The roads throughout the island ai'e
very good.
Many ancient ornaments and Anglo-
Saxon, as well as Arabian, Persian,
Cnfic, and other coins from Bag¬
dad and Byzantium, have been and
are still, at intervals, found in this
island. A journey at leisure round the
island would no doubt prove interest¬
ing to the ecclesiologist, who would,
in its course, meet with such treasures
of antiquity as the cliurches of Lojsta,
Fide, Ldderhro (Gothic ch.) having a
very picturesque octagon toioer and
wapenhus detached; Oja, with a fine
tower (1086), containing a carved i^ood
of exquisite art suspended from the
chancel arch; Roue and Burs, Bo-
manesque, resting on a central pier,
with 2 well-carved sedilia; Wdnge,
whose font is carved with monsters
very original. At Stanga is a small
Gothic Church, with rich portal and
curious carved figures projecting from
the wall beside it.
In the neighbourhood of Wisby are
several pretty places of modern ori¬
gin, such as Ldnna, Fridhem, the sum¬
mer residence of Princess Eugenie,
near Uogklmt (high cliff), the highest
point of Gotland, with its deep cave
Getsmltan, Nygdrd, Suderhy, Rosendal,
Half red a, Stafva, Roma and others,
and in more distant parts of the island
the fortified harbour of SUte, and the
loading-places of Fdrosund, Ljugarn
and Ronehamn on the E. coast; the
island of Faro (Sheep Island) off the
N., and the rock of liohurg on the
S. point of GothiTtd; Burgvik’s and
KHnteliamn’s loading-places on the
W. coast, the last a small watering-
place, with a homely Inn ; and the two
little Karls Islands, near to which King
Waldemar's treasure-ship, with the
chief plunder of ancient Wisby, was
engulfed by the avenging waves.
ROUTE 26.
STOCKHOLM TO HAPAUANDA, BY GEFLE,
LFLEA AND TORNEA.—BY STEAMER
UP THE BALTIC —GULF OP BOTHNIA.
Emm Stockholm to Haparanda, the
frontier town on the top of the
Gulf of Bothnia, and as it lies just
below the Arctic Circle, the journey
thither, an easy one, is frequently
undertaken for the purpose of seeing
the midnight sun, or rather the sun at
midnight, and is strongly recommended
to all travellers who can sjiare the
time, say 14 days at most, there and
back.
The road-journey (737 E. m.) presents
many disadvantages (see Rte. 27).
dlie continual driving day after day
over heavy sandy roads is extremely
fatiguing, takes up much time, and is
very expensive.
Lapland is entered by this route,
either from Lulea or Haparanda; the
former offers the best accommodation.
See Routes 28, 29.
If it be intended to enter Russia,
care should be taken to have the pass¬
port vise' in Stockholm, by the Rus¬
sian minister or consul.
The N. of Sweden abounds in moun¬
tain rivers, haviug for the most part
their sources in the great barrier
mountain-chain, and all emptying
themselves, after a more or less wan¬
dering course, into the Gulf of Both¬
nia. The principal of these are the
Sweden.
137
ROUTE 26 .— STOCKHOLM TO HAPARANHA.
T-jiisne, Njurunda, Indal, Angerman,
Ume andVindel, Skellefte, Pite, laile,
ivalix, and Tome rivers, the last, with
its confluent Miionio, forming the
boundary towards Russia. Many of
these, particularly the Liile, form falls
of great height. Indeed, the whole
coast, from Gefle northwards, presents
a vast range of cataracts, by which the
various mountain-streams bring their
tribute to the sea. Trout abound in
all these rivers, and salmon likewise,
wherever they can enter them.
The traveller should first of all
secure the June Time-Tables of the
Steamers. (Swed. Communikationer).
From them alone can he ascertain
the days and hours of arrival and
departure, which, as ttiey cliange from
year to year, cannot jDossibly be speci¬
fied here.
During the summer and autumn
months there are 2 lines of well-
appointed steamers running the whole
distance weekly from the Skej^psbron,
Stockholm, to Haparanda.
The first are large, roomy, paddle-
boats, with spacious saloons, a piano
and bath-room. The food is excellent,
and very reasonable, averaging (wine
included) about 5s. per diem ; and as
they never lose sight of land, but wend
their way through islets and fiords,
there need be no dread of sea-sickness.
They stop at one, and sometimes
two, towns every day, making a stay
of from 2 to 4 hours at each, according
to the amount of cargo to be taken in
or deposited, thus enabling the travel¬
ler to land and view the place.
Due notice of the length of each
stoppage is chalked up on a black
board suspended to the side of the
gangway as soon as the ship touches
the quay, and 3 loud whistles, with 5
minutes’ interval between each, give
warning of her departure.
All the northern ports in the Gulf
of Bothnia will be' found to be sur¬
rounded by steam sawing-mills, which
are not only employed in making
planks from the timber brought down
by the rivers, but also in cutting out
door and window frames and other
small woodwork for exportation, which
are now so much used in England.
High up the Gulf the water becomes
nearly fresh, and pike, perch, and a
large kind of roach, may be caught
over the ship’s side at every stopping-
place.
The scenery is very striking, gra¬
dually increasing in wildness and
beauty as the verge of the Arctic
Circle is approached. The whole dis¬
tance to Haparanda occupies nearly 0
days. Fare —50 to 60 kronor, without
food; stewardess and waiters, 3 kronor
each.
The second line of steamers run
straight up the Gulf of Bothnia to
Sundswall in 24 hrs., leaving at 8 a.m.,
thus shortening the journey by 2 days.
The fares by both lines are the same,
but the accommodation of the second
is far inferior to the first, and the 36
hours of open sea is an objection to
many.
Carriages are taken by them, but
the charges are high. As a rule, they
do not carry cattle.
If the midnight sun be the travel¬
ler’s main object, he should leave
Stockholm by the steamer starting on
the 16th or 17th June for Haparanda.,
from which a carriage can be procured
for Avasaxa., driving the whole dis¬
tance—about 45 E. m.—in one day.
Nothing extra need be provided for
this journey, which can be made with¬
out the slightest fatigue or discomfort
of any kind (v. p. 141).
But if fishing and shooting be de¬
sired, then the traveller should disem¬
bark at Lulea, and take Route 28 up
that river to Quickjock, making his
arrangements so as to arrive at Lule^
about the latter end of August.
The Steamers for the Gulf of Both¬
nia leave the Skepsbron at Stockholm
(otfice for tickets close by) in the even¬
ing, but early enough for the traveller
to admire the magnificent scenery all
the way down to the Baltic, which, lit
up by the many-coloured rays of the
Northern twilight, makes the views
138
ROUTE 26 . — SODEEHAMN.—HUDIKSVALL.
Siveden
most striking, especially those between
Stockholm and Waxholm, commencing
with the beautiful Djurgardens on the
left. After leaving the Fortress of
Waxholm, which guards the approach
to Stockholm, it becomes wilder,
the water on each side trying, as it
were, to force its way up into the
land. The open sea is reached in 6
hours, and is generally smooth, unless
there be a strong wind from the N.E.,
E., and S.E. After 2 hours’ steam-
ing, passing the Aland Islands, where
Bomarsund once stood, the track seems
to be lost amongst islets and rocks un¬
til Graso is seen on the right. This
long island, with a lighthouse at either
end, acts as a breakwater to the pretty
little village of Oregrund, on the main¬
land to the left. Our Baltic fleet drew
their principal supplies of fresh pro¬
visions from this place in the Russian
war (1854). In another couple of hrs.
the steamer turns into the
Bay of Gejie at the head of which
stands the town of that name (see
Ete. 17). This unbroken journey of
12 hours is the longest one on the whole
route. The steamer is now coaled for
the last time: at every other place
wood is used, as it is so much cheaper ;
much time, however, is occupied in
taking on iDoard the amount required,
and the encumbrance of the deck with
large stacks on each side the funnel is
not pleasant. There is a BaiUvay from
Gefle to Falun, the mining capital of
the black country ; travellers desirous
of making a tour in the Dalecarlia
district disembark here.
In about 6 hours the town of Soder-
hamn opens to view — a straggling
place, prettily situated. It has 8000
inhabitants; exports large quantities of
timber and iron. (Soderhamn Hotel.)
From this town there is a short railway
to Bergwik sawmills, on the lake of that
name, and from its outport Sandarne,
another to the Marma sawmills, on that
lake. At Bergvik by a lake of the
same name, a steamer runs to Kilafors
on the Northern Trunk railroad to
Ostersund.
[At Jerfsd, on the railrd. Stockholm-
Ostersund, a road branches off to Roraas
in Norway, far more commodious,
in comparison, than that by Idi-e in ^
Dalecarlia (Rte. 18). It is 217 E. m.
long, and the stations, nearly all fast,
are:
15 Eng. m. Storhyn.
26^ Eng. m. Kdrhole.
28 Eng. m. Kolsatt.
ISJ Eng. m. Ofvermon.
15 Eng. m. Glissjoherg.
10 Eng. m. Eansjd.
18| Eng. m. Viken.
6| Eng. m. Hedeby.
10 Eng. m. Ldngd.
20 Eng. m. Valmasen.
13 j Eng. m. Fundsdalen,
13| Eng. m. Ost Malmagen.
And in Norway:
14 Eng. m. Skotgaarden.
lOf Eng. m. Jensvold.
10 Eng. m. Roraas.
This road leads up the valley of the
great River Ljusne, passing through
some wild and magnificent country,
with numerous waterfalls and grand
cataracts. This route is not much to
be recommended.]
Hudiksvall {Inn: Stadskallare) is
reached in 6 hours from Soderhamn,
2 of which are spent in steaming
up the fiord ; splendid scenery. It is
an old town, which has evidently seen
better days, at the side of a large bay,
surrounded by an aged collection of
wood stores. The streets are narrow,
with red, overhanging houses on each
side. The principal Church large and
ugly. It contains 4500 inhab., and is
a shipping-place for large quantities of
timber and iron, besides carrying on
the Stromming fishery, a small fish,
somewhat larger than a sprat. They are
cured like herrings, and are in great re¬
quest amongst all classes.
There is a Railway to Nasviken, on
Lake Dellen, 10 Eng. m., which latter
is navigated by three steamers—one to
Forssa sawmills, the others to Movik’s
blast-furnace, Friggesund’s sawmills,
and Delsho ch. and posting station,
whence it is 10 Eng. m. posting to
Sweden.
139
ROUTE 26. -SUNDSWALL.—ORNSKOLDVIK.
Ljusdal, railroad station on the line
Stockholm - Ostersund, on the river
Ljusne. Round about are ironworks,
sawmills, and other works, for the
most part in picturesque situations.
Another 5 hours, and the steamer
touches at
Sundswall (Inn: Stadshuset, in the
Market-place; Hotel Nord). This
important and rising place is the
starting-point for those who wish to
cross the mountains to Drontheim,
in Norway (see Route 19), on which
line a Railway is now open tlie
entire distance. It has a large Market¬
place with fine public buildings and
churches. The numerous villas scat¬
tered around the bay show its prosper¬
ity. It has 9150 inhab., and exports
timber, iron, and fish. Its shel¬
tered situation favours the growth of a
variety of trees, which form an agree¬
able change to the endless fir-forests.
The oak and the apple-tree cease
growing at this latitude. Many iron¬
works and sawmills exist in the neigh¬
bourhood. Steamers^ at least twice a
week, go direct to Stockholm in 22 hrs.
Other steamers to Hernosand, Nylaml,
Solleftea, Skonvik, Svartvik, Wifsta,
and a variety of places. Sundswall is
also, as told before, connected with
the North Swedish Railway to Oster¬
sund and Trondhjem {v. Rte. 19).
This line passes from Sundswall by
the stations Vattjom, Nedansjo,
Karfsta, Viskan, Torpshammar, Fran-
sta, Erikslund to Ange, where it meets
the trunk line from Stockholm by
Bollnass to Ostersund and Trondh¬
jem.
To Hernosand (Hotel Norrland,
Hotel Hernosand) in about 4 hours,
a seaport town and bishop’s see, with
5000 inhab., and residence of the
governor of Wester-Norrland, situated
on a beautiful bay. The ugly modern
cathedral and schoolhouse, the bishop s
residence, and houses of the Chapter,
the Town-hall, surmounted by a spire,
and the theatre, are the chief buildings.
Near Herntisand is the Nordvih
Agricultural School, similar to that at
Innertafie, and like it, containing
twelve students.
Steamers leave for Stockholm two or
three times a week, and daily for
Solleftedj^see Rte. 20a), on the mag¬
nificent Angerman River, navigable 9|
Sw. m., 6 Eng. m., from its mouth,
and traversing the province of Anger-
manland, which, notwithstanding its
northern latitude, has been called the
“ Garden of Sweden.” At Solleftea it is
joined by the Faxe river, and about this
place nature and cultivation combine
in producing a scenery equalling the
most picturesque valleys of the Neckar
or the Rhine. The salmon are numerous
in this river, which forms many noble
cascades and rapids in its course to the
sea.
To Ornskoldsvik in about 9 hours.
One hour is occupied in steaming up
this lovely bay, surrounded by rocks of
red granite, which stand out from the
dark-green pines in the background.
It is one of the prettiest-looking places
on the route, lying at the head of the
bay on a gentle slope, with high hills
on every side. It has no church as
yet, having only lately risen into im¬
portance. It is a small seaport, with
600 inhab., custom-house, post-office,
&c. At this station excellent sam¬
ples of the linen manufactured in
the country around may generally be
found. The best qualities are beau¬
tifully fine, and very cheap. The pro¬
ducts of these hand-looms are sold all
over Sweden.
To Timed in about 6 hours.
The steamer stops at the port or
wharf, the town itself being some dis¬
tance up the bay. Large trade in wood.
The traveller is astonished at the sight
of a regular English-looking Church,
erected at the expense of Mr. Dickson,
the Gothenburg merchant, who owns
much property here.
To Rathan, a poor village, in 5 hrs.
The Holmo Isles are left on the
right, the passage between them and
the mainland offering many interest-
140
ROUTE 26. -LULEA.-HAPARANDA.
ing views. Eathan, a desolate-looking
hamlet, is protected from the sea by a
small island. Here the traveller seems
to be approaching the Arctic regions ;
stunted fir and birch blend with nu¬
merous moss-covered rocks, and form
a picture of weird wildness. There is
a small inn, together with a telegraph-
station. Close by, on an eminence,
stands a cross of iron, raised to the
memory of a Swedish colonel and his
men, who were treacherously murdered
in the last war between Sweden and
Eussia. A party of the latter made
a foray during the winter across the
frozen Gulf, and arrived almost dead
with fatigue and privation. They
were received by their enemies with
every kindness, and nursed with such
care that most of them recovered, when
they rose upon their benefactors and
killed every one of them. The body
of the colonel was placed just under
the cross, with his men in a circle
round him. One of the houses still
bears the marks of the Eussian bullets.
To Urswik, near Skellefteu, in about
6 hours.
The navigation now becomes more
intricate ; rocks and half-sunken islets
seem often to bar all further progress,
and the steamer’s course is then staked
out with bare fir-poles, a tuft of green
being left at the top to attract atten¬
tion. Steam sawmills seem to have
taken possession of each promontory
around the bay, and anchored along¬
side are large three-masted ships of
every flag, receiving their cargo of
planks or cut timber. The people on
shore look poor and ragged. In June
they have here 23 hours of daylight.
It is about 7 hours to Pitea, a com¬
pact, well-built wooden town of 1700
inhab. The Church is worth a visit;
the belfry, as in all Lapland churches,
placed by itself some distance from the
main building. There will be sufiicient
time for the traveller to cross the
bridge and admire the taste displayed
the governor’s house and grounds.
Pitea exports large q uantities of wood;
50 ships may be counted at one time
Swedt n.
surrounding the sawmills dotted about
the bay.
To Luted in about 6 hours.
The steamer continues its course
through the most intricate channels,
disturbing large flocks of wild fowl
which inhabit tlie islands. The almost
total absence of darkness helps to re¬
mind the traveller that he is now in
the same latitude as the middle of
Iceland.
Lulea. Inns: Gastgifvaregard ;
Lundberg. The Lulea is situated on
a promontory. The quaint old town,
of red houses laid out in square
blocks, is an important and thriving
place, containing 2300 inhab.; it
possesses a large stone Churchy a
Government house. Town - hall, an
octagon Prison, and numerous shops
or stores. A large trade is carried on
in wood; and it is the depot of the
Gellivara Iron Compamj, named from
the mountain Gillevara, 1800 ft. high,
composed almost entirely of iron-ore,
covered with extensive forests, lying
in the vicinity of the Lulea river.
Travellers who intend proceeding up
the Lulea river to Lapland, disembark
here (see Eoute 28).
To Haparanda in 10 or 12 hours
(calling at Kalix en route).
Haparanda. 737 Eng. m. from
Stockholm. Inn is a mere boardinsr-
house, in which they will not serve
you except at table-d’hote hours.
This is a telegraph stat., and is the
most northerly town in Sweden ;
65° 51' N. lat. and 41 miles S. of the
Arctic Circle. On the 21st of June
the sun sets at 11-37 p.m. and rises at
12-01 a.m. Haparanda is one of the
telegraphic reporting stations in con¬
nection with the English Meteoro¬
logical Ofiice; and the telegraph
clerks are well-educated men, who
are required to understand German,
French, and English. Pop. 1250. It
is situated on the sliores of a large bay,
on the estuary of the rapid river
Tornea, which here divides Sweden
from Eussia. It was founded after
Finland and Torne4 had been ceded
Sweden.
ROUTE 27. -STOCKHOLM TO HAPARANDA.
141
to Russia ill 1809, and is gradually }
rising into a place of importance. It
has two churches, and a liigli school,
and several primary schools. A con¬
siderable trade is carried on in butter,
salmon, timber, skins, potash, tar, &c.
Steamers do not come quite up to
Haparanda; they lie in a fjord S.W.
of the town. Travellers from Alten,
in Norway, who are anxious to catch
the steamer at Haparanda, must allow
time for this addition to their journey.
Over against Haparanda, on an
island in the river, is
Tornea, tlie frontier town of Russia.
It was founded in 1G02, and is cele¬
brated in the history of science for the
visit made to it, in 1736, by Mauper-
tuis and other French Academicians,
accompanied by the Swedish astro¬
nomer Celsius, and again in 1801 by
the Swedish astronomer Svanberg for
the purpose of determining the exact
figure of the eartii.
Visitors to Tornea should call on
the Russian Commandant, and ask to
see the Cossacks of the Don dance, and
hear them sing. They will expect
3 kronor or three marks (3 fr.), and the
captain a glass of punch at the hotel
kept by 0. A. Anell.
See the Lapland Church at Tornea.
In June the sun is, for a few days,
visible here at midnight. The pheno¬
menon is, however, seen longer and
to better advantage on
Avasaxa, a mountain 680 ft. high,
not far from Upper Tornea Ch., about
45 Eng. m. N. from Haparanda.
Avasaxa is just within the xlrctic
Circle. The Inn has good accommoda¬
tion. It can be reached in one day
from Haparanda, where carriages can
be precured; provisions for the journey
must not be forgotten. The road runs
through beautiful scenery along the
right bank of the Tornea river, by
Kuchola, lOf Eiig. m.,
KorpihjJd, lOf Eng. m.,
Fdchild, 10 Eng. ni.,
Nie77iis, 10 Eng. m. to
Matareiigi, Eng. m., through a
country in which only Finnish is
spoken. Beyond this a long and
rugged route leads over the mountains
to Alten (see Handbook for Norivay,
Rte. 24).
Salmon abound in the Tornea river,
but it must be remembered in this, as
well as in the Lulea and other Both-
nian streams, that there can be no
sport for the rod fisherman until he
ascends the river some distance inland.
ROUTE 27.
STOCKHOLM TO HAPARANDA, BY LAND.
The distance is 111 Sw., or about
737 Eng. m. If a 4-whe(4 carriage
be taken, it should be of the lightest
description, and provided with shafts,
drag, and fork. They may be taken
by steamer to Upsala, Cede, or any
other port on the coast. The small
Swedish road-book should be pur¬
chased, in case of any alteration
in the stages upon this route. Clean
sheets and good bedding are usually
met with in the poorest station-houses
in Sweden. Good coffee, milk, eggs,
and fish, may be depended upon; but
good bread or meat are rare out of the
towns; and therefore it is advisable to
establish a provision-basket in travel¬
ling this or any other route in the
country by post.
The route is by rail or steamer to
Upsala, and thence by Railroad to
Gefie (see Rte. 17).
Gefle to Sundswall.
The road continues more or less near
the coast the whole way, passing uu-
142
ROUTE 27 . —HUDiKSVALL.—SUNDSWALL TO UMEA. Sweden.
merous small lakes and streams, and
tlirougli a densely wooded, low, but
undulating country, gradually sloping
upwards to the mountains in the W.
Quantities of boulders of all sizes are
frequently seen, and the hamlets and
farmhouses are numerous, but mostly
of a poor and comfortless class. Tlie
stations are :
11 Eng. m. Hille. On this stage the
large and handsome cotton-mill of
Strombro is passed.
11J Eng. m. Hamrdnge.
19 Eng. m. Skog.
10 Eug.m. Mo My side, good station-
house.
On this stage the road passes be¬
tween the large lakes of Bergvikeu and
Marma, crossing the stream which
connects them. The Ljusne river is
the great tributary, wliich, flowing
from the mountain boundary between
Sweden and Norway, near Eoraas,
forms these lakes, as well as several
others higher up.
Hence a road branches oif W. to
Elfdal, in Dalecarlia (seelite. 17), and
a railroad (see Rte. 26) E. to the seaport
of SoDERHAMN, Eng. m. dist.
10 Eng. m. Norrala.
15 Eng. m. Endnger.
6 .^ Eng. m. Njutdnger.
12^ Eng. m. Tuna. Between the
last two stations is the seaport of
Hudiksvall (Rte. 26). The farm¬
houses have an improved appearance
in this province (Helsingland), and
increase in size and comfort as the road
passes on through those of Medelpad
and Angermanland. Numerous small
streams are crossed during the next 4
stages.
6 Eng. m. liogsta.
!(' Eng. m. Harmdnger.
11 J Eng. m. Gnarp.
Eng. m. Maj. On leaving this
the road crosses tlie noble Njurunda
or Ljunga river, continuing along the
coast to
15 Eng. m. Sundswall (Rte. 26).
A seaport, like the foregoing, prettily
situated at tlie head of a large bay, and
surrounded by steep hills.
Ry steamer Sundswall is 43 nautical
miles from Gefle, and 80 from St jck-
holm.
Sundswall to Timed.
As far as Docksta the scenery is
generally very pleasing—the road, dur¬
ing the greater part of the way, wind¬
ing along the banks of small lakes and
the heads of deep bays; but after that,
as the soil gets poorer, vegetation be¬
comes stunted, and there are few pleas¬
ing features to vary the dull monotony
of the vast and stunted pine-forests.
The stages are :
82 Eng. m. Wifsta, near the ship-
wharf built like a town, with some 400
inhabitants. A good inn, &c.
8 j Eng. m. Naset. Upon this stage
the noble Indals river is crossed, at its
junction with the gulf.
8 J Eng. m. Mark.
8 J Eng. m. Aland, E. of these two
stations, 10 Eng., m. from Mark and
65 Eng. m. from Aland, lies on Homo
island, at the mouth of the Angerman
river, Hernosand, described above.
10 Eng. m. Weda.
1| Eng. m. Homo. On this stage
the broad Angerman river is crossed
by a ferry; the passage may be delayed
for several hours, and is at times totally
impracticable. During open water,
therefore, a steamer leaves Hernosand
and loading-place of the same name,
every week-day at 8 a.m. for Homo,
where it arrives at 10 and returns at 2
p.m. to Hernosand, by which means
time may be saved and danger avoiied.
10 Eng. m. Herrskog.
lOf Eng. m. Askja.
Eng. m. Docksta. From hence
to Ume& the soil increases in poverty,
but the inhabitants gain a comfortable
livelihood by their skill and industry
in weaving linen.
lOf Eng. m. Spjnte.
10 Eng. m. Hornas.
10 Eng. m. Ornskoldvik. A small
seaport.
Sweden.
ROUTE 27 . —UMEA TO PITEA AND LULEA.
143
10| Eiig ra. Tdfra. On this stage
the (xidea river is crossed.
11 Eng. m. Konsa.
12 Eng. m. Afva. Midway on this
last stage the province of Westerbotten
is entered —a fiat and poor country, the
industi ious inhabitants of which live
by a precarious agriculture, by cattle¬
rearing, and fishing. The northern
part is called Norrbotten, and the vast
adjoining tracts of Lapland are divided
between these two countries.
10 Eng. m. Lefvar. On the road to
this station Stora Lbgdan river is
crossed.
11| Eng. m. Angersjo. On the road
to this station Ore river is crossed.
lOf Eng. m. Sdrmjole.
12 | Eng. m. Stocksjo.
5 Eng. m. Umea. Inns: Gastgif-
varegard; Stadskallare; Forsbergs’
lodgings. A seaport on the gulf,
with 3000 inhab. The town is built
upon a plain on the 1. bank of the Ume
river, which is extensive, and rises in
the mountains, near the Norwegian
frontier. The governor of VVesterbot-
ten resides here. There are many
ironworks and sawmills in the neigh¬
bourhood, and two active shipping-
places, Batan and Holmsund, the lat¬
ter being an outport of Umea, where
large vessels bring up.
JJmed to Pited.
The road continues along the coast,
through flat districts and vast forests,
but in which the birch and aspen
become more freely mingled with the
fir. Such, indeed, is the character of
the scenery the whole way to Tornea,
occasionally varied by agreeable views
of the sea and the rushing streams
from the mountains on the W. Most
of them abound in salmon, which is
the staple food of the people.
The stages are : .
Eng. m. Innertofle.
At Yttertafle there is one of the 27
Agricultural Schools of Sweden, which
have done so much to improve the
methods of farming in Scandinavia.
The students remain in the school two
years. The cost of labour in this part
of Sweden is U to 2 kr. a day;
carpenters and masons receive 2 to
2 ^ ; a farm-borse is woith trom 200 to
2.?0 kr., and a cow 80 kr. The school
at Yttertafle has more than 100 acnes
under cultivation, and around 1800
acres awaiting reclamation.
8 Eng. m. Sdfvar. Near the great
iron-works of that name.
12 J Eng. m. Djeknehoda.
10 Eng. m. Ririded.
10 Eng. m. Gumhoda, on the sea,
with a loading-place for timber.
85 Eng. m. Grimsmark.
10 Eng. m. Brodng.
8 j Eng. m. Dagldsten.
10 Eng. m. Pared.
8 j Eng. m. Innervik.
Eng. m. Skelleftea. Inn : Kallare.
A small seaport on the Skellefte
river, with 900 inhab. Close by, up
the river, is Skelleftea Ch., one of the
handsomest in Sweden, built in the
form of a Grecian temple. Skelleftea
is a dull and uninteresting village,
about 8 Eng. m, from Ursvik at the
mouth of the Skellefte-Elv, from
whence small steamers convey pas¬
sengers to Skellettea. At Ursvik there
is a small private hotel; clean, com¬
fortable, and moderate as to charges.
10 Eng. m. Frostkdge.
8 | Eng. m. Byske.
9 Eng. m. Ahyn.
61 Eng. m. Kinhdck.
7^ Eng. m. Jdfre.
14 Eng. m. Pitea. Inn: Gastgif*
varegard. The Pite river is crossed
before entering this town, which is
prettily situated upon the coast, and
has about 2350 inhab. A small trade
is carried on in timber, tar, skins, &c.
Steamers call here on their way be¬
tween Stockholm and Haparanda (see
above).
Pited to Luted.
The stations are :
« •
4 Eng. m. Ojehy.
132 - Eng. m. Rosvik.
144
ROUTE 28. -LULEA TO QUICKJOCK.
Sweden.
Eng. m. Ersnds.
Sg- Eng. m. Gdddvik.
4 Eng. m. Luted Gammehtad. On
this stage the noble Lule river is
passed, which is celebrated for the
numerous cataracts and rapids it forms
during its course from the mountains.
65 Eng. m. Lulea (see Ete. 26), a
town of 3150 inhab. on a promontory in
a fine harbour, the resort of timber-ships.
The houses are of wood. The man¬
ager of the Gellivare Company resides
here. The old town, built by Gus-
tavus Adolphus, but transferred to
the promontory in consequence of the
sea having been filled up with alluvial
deposits, lies about 7 m. up the river.
This is the starting-point for Quick-
jock (Ete. 28).
Luted to Haparanda.
The road still passes through a
thickly-wooded country of little inte¬
rest, except for its geology. The
stages are;
11J Eng. m. Person.
I 2 I Eng. m. Minby. Near here
the river Eane is crossed. It is nearly
600 feet wide, and is one of the most
considerable streams which rise in the
mountains of Swedish Lapland. At its
mouth is one of the many loading-
places for timber on this coast.
Eng. m. Jemtoii.
6 J Eng. m. Tore.
13| Eng. m. Mdnshyn.
7J Eiig. m. Ndsbyn, or Neder
(Lower) Kalix. Another of the
great Lapland streanis, the Kalix, is
crossed on this stage. Houses and
villages are numerous upon its banks.
There are two loading places, Upper
and Loioer Katix. Great numbers of
salmon are taken in this river.
13J Eng. m. Sangis.
6 J Eng. m. Saiwits.
llj Eug. m. Nickata.
6J Eng. m. Haparanda. (See
Ete^ 26.)
EOUTE 28.
i LULEA TO QUICKJOCK (lAPLAND), BY
EDEFORS, STORBACKEN, AND JOCK-
MOCK (about 26 SW. MILES = 133
ENG. M.
(See the Map of North Sweden).
This route, and the tour up the
Lulea river, offer both to the sports¬
man and naturalist great advantages
combined with a few discomforts.
Even ladies, with ordinary precau¬
tions, need not fear to join the expedi¬
tion, if able to walk some 5 miles in
a day, and thus enjoy the Arctic
scenery without a long sea-voyage.
The Mosquitoes, it must be allowed,
are almost intoler.djle, and ladies
should take a mosquito-net with them.
If desirable, some person can always
be found at Lulea to act as a .guide.
This, however, will not be necessary
if one of the party can speak a little
Swedish; as the Swedish settlers in
Lapland at whose houses the traveller
will put up, are always obliging, in¬
telligent, and educated; they will be
perfectly satisfied with 2 kronor per
head per diem, this charge covering
all expenses.
The natives are only too pleased to
see a traveller ever to think of molest¬
ing him, as the pay they receive for
boat-hire, lodging, &c. &c., far exceeds
anything they can earn in an ordinary
way.
A piece of good cheese, and a small
keg of native brandy, the traveller
can purchase at Lulea. The following
necessaries had better be brought
from England :—gun, ammunition,
dog, rods, fishing-tackle of all kinds,
some tins of preserved soup and meat,
tea, wine, and a box of biscuits, a
spirit lamp, and a pistot to fire signals
to boat or ferrymen where river has
Siceden.
145
« ROUTE 28. -LULEA.—HEDENSFORS.
to be crossed. Plenty of warm cloth¬
ing must be provided, as the nights
may be cold and frosty—in the day¬
time the sun will often be very hot.
The midnight sun can be seen from
Jockmock just as well as from Ava-
saxa, near Haparanda, and all the way
up to Quickjock, which is half a degree
further north. But the sportsman
should avoid the month of June or
July, as the birds are sitting upon their
nests, and the Mosquitoes will drive
the fisherman away from the rivers.
By the end of August or beginning
of September these intolerable pests
will be put to flight by the cold frosty
nights, and the young birds have be¬
come strong on the wing.
The rooms in these settlers’ houses
are warmed in 5 minutes; they pile
large pine-logs in the enormous fire¬
places, these burn up at once, throwing
off a tremendous heat.
This route has been divided into
days, as there are only certain houses
which offer sufficient accommodation
to the traveller, one of which must be
reached every night. The Pastor may
take people in at 2 kronor a day, no
post station will; 1 krona per meal,
exclusive of coffee, milk and beer, is a
common price. Beds 1 to 2 kronor.
Immediately on arriving at Lulea, a
messenger, as forbud, should be dis¬
patched to Jockmock, the half-way
station, with a slip of paper for every
place he passes through, saying when
the travellers will arrive, and what
horses or boatmen, or food, they are
likely to require; then there will be no
delay along the route, and little need
for the preserved provisions.
Lulea is described in Kte. 27. Inn :
Nils Ohman, landlord; bad attendance;
bedrooms or beds in one room, IJ
krona each ; dinner, 3 kronor. The
traveller may be detained here 2 or 3
days, which time can be occupied in
making his arrangements and obtain¬
ing further information (see Rte. 27).
The New Gellivara Company Steamer
runs on Tues. and Thurs., 8 a.m., and
is met by omnibus at <6ac/cew, which
[Sweden,~\
takes passengers to Hednoret (fare
2 kronor), where lie will find a stea ner
waiting. Fare 1 krona, 50 ore by the
omnibus. It carries goods and pas¬
sengers up and down the Lulea river,
leaving the town of Lulea for Ea-
backen, at the foot of the Hedensfors
Rapids. This journey occupies 3
hours, the river for the first part
being wide with flattish banks, gra¬
dually narrowing higher up. Scenery
tame and uninteresting. Salmon
are caught here in large numbers
in stake nets, which almost obstruct
the navigation; they are able to make
their way up as far as the falls at
Edefors. Villages are scattered along
the sandy banks, having as usual 4 or
5 wooden houses attending upon each
inhabited one. Each kitchen being, if
possible, a small detached building to
avoid risk of fire. Good food can be
procured on board the steamer.
On landing at Bdhdchen the tra¬
veller will find a gig (holding 2) for
himself, and a small cart for his lug¬
gage, which his forbud has ordered.
The ponies are good, but the road is
sandy and bad, all the way to
46J Eng. m. Hedensfors. The
traveller is recommended to take the
reins, as he will then only have him¬
self to blame if he does not avoid the
numerous ruts which garnish this road,
the jolting into which the natives think
nothing of. This drive of about an
hour and a half runs through a forest
of pine with clearings now and then ;
the scenery improving as he reaches
his destination, where a small screw-
Steamer, also belonging to the Gelli¬
vara Company, awaits him. The hire
of horses and carriages is the same as
elsewhere in Sweden.
Leaving the quay at 8 a.m., this small
steam-boat rapidly pushes its way
against the stream,disturbing numerous
wild fowl; the villages become smaller
and more scattered, and the scenery
wilder and more interesting. On the
right lies the village of Brediker, the
starting-point of the road to LuleA,. A
stay of less -than an hour is made at
L
146
KOUTE 28. -EDEFOKS.-STORBACKEN.
Sweden.
Svartld, a very pretty place; some re¬
freshment can be obtained here. Fair
Inn. There is a good restaurant on
the steamers from Lulea to Kabacken,
with spirits, wine, and beer; but
nothing, not even beer, is to be had on
board the steamer from R4backen to
Edefors (fare 4 kronor), or from Edefors
to Storbacken (fare 3 kronor). Large
wood rafts succeed each other all the
way up, and large fires, for making
pitch, line the banks at intervals. A
short stay is made at Bodtrask where
there is a large sawing-mill; here the
banks are so steep, that the steamer
can lie alongside without a quay of
any kind.
Edefors is reached at about 9 p.m.
The Inn kept by N. P. Engstiom.
The beer is excellent, and the food
not bad, while the beds are clean and
decent. A fine view from a kind of
terrace : N. a larger house built by the
Gellivara Company. This is a lonely
spot at the bottom of the rapids, down
which the water tears and rushes for
more than a mile. See them take
salmon in an iron cage; the fish may
be caught here with the fiy up to 50
lbs. in weight, no particular leave or
licence required, and a boat can always
be had. Here are also trout and
grayling in abundance. The fishing
is also good from the land at the point
where the rapid ends.
Next morning a cart can be procured
to take the luggage to the top of the
rapid, 10 E. m. distant, good road. The
traveller had better walk through this
forest, with pretty peeps of the river
now and then. The cart ought to
cost from 1 krona to 1^ krona. The
steamer leaves at 8 a.m. four times a
W'cek for Storhaclcen, a post station
with a very good inn.
The scenery improves all the way
to Storbacken, where the little Lulea
joins the great Lulea river; the route
continues along the banks of the
former. At this place horses can be
engaged to Kashats (4 kronor 25 6.
each horse); it is a post-station with
decent Inn. prettily situated on the
Lake (or Tresk), in which are huge
perch. A very fine waterfall is about
2 Eng. miles off.
A horse and carriage to Jochmoch,
cost 4 kronor 30 o. Travellers
may stop at Fayerim, and also at
Mattis Udden, but they will find no
horses at either, and they will not
easily persuade the postmaster at
Storbacken or Jockmock to let them
horses for both stages, or for part of
two days. There is not the least
advantage to the traveller in doing so,
and the horses earn more for their
owner by going one stage, and taking
their chance of a leturn fare. The
tourist is now in Lapland proper, and
he will notice that the whole country
is one immense forest pierced alone by
the route which he is taking. This is
by far the best station on the whole
journey, good accommodation, good
food, and beautiful scenery; there are
plenty of fish in the river close by,
grayling preponderate.
The whole distance from Storbacken
to Jockmock is 324 Eng. miles, but
the sandy road is in some parts very
bad as well as hilly, rising some hun¬
dreds of feet between the two stations,
and running through wild and deso¬
late-looking pine-forests, large tracts
of which show nothing but grey poles,
all that has escaped the ravages of the
bush fire, so prevalent here in the
summer months. Dead and dying
trees are falling and lying around, and
the traveller may have to stop his
horse to remove a tree which blocks
up his road.
Mcdtis Udden, a station-house on an
island situated exactly upon the Arctic
Circle, where a short stay is made to
rest. The traveller is now in as high
a latitude as the northernmost point
of Iceland, strange birds abound, and
the solitary grandeur of the forests,
with their foreground of bright co¬
loured mosses and lichens, forms a pic¬
ture which he is never likely to forget.
Jockmock Station. Pop. 648 Lap¬
landers. Inn tolerable, though inferior
Sweden.
ROUTE 28. -JOCKMOCK.
147
to the last. Lodging may be had at
the house of the Mannberg family.
A short stay should be made here
to despatch a forbud to Quickjock,
and to take advantage of the splen¬
did trout and grayling fishing
below the falls. Very good wine
can be bought cheap, at a shop in
the village. There is a Post-office,
and the Pastor will be found civil
and obliging, and ready to welcome
any persons who call upon him.
Porter costs 2 kronor a bottle, owing
to the expense of land carriage.
This LajD village, 900 ft. above the
sea, is a curious place, consisting of
streets of wooden huts for man and
reindeer, empty in summer, but occu¬
pied by a population of 100 upon their
return from the mountains in the
winter. It has a shop, a boot-maker,
a pastor and parsonage, and church.
Pearls of inferior quality can be had
here; they are found in the Pearl
river, which runs into one of the lakes
some miles oft'.
Jockmock stands upon a hill, the
base of which is waslied by the Lilia
Lule river. The winters are very
severe, and snovv sometimes covers
the ground for 9 months in. the year.
The ground is frozen to a depth of
6 ft., and the ice is sometimes 3 ft.
thick on the lakes. The average
depth of the snow is 4 ft.
The Jochmoch Falls are truly mag¬
nificent, and well repay a visit: the
immense volume of water dashes with
a roar over a precipice of some 50 ft.,
throwing up clouds of spray in every
direction.
Trout and grayling up to 6 and 7
lbs. are found in every eddy below the
falls, about one mile from the station-
house, and wild fowl feed in every
little bend of the river.
The fish will not take any fly
readily, and it of is no use trying unless
from a boat : it is worth seeing them
haul up the iron cage in which salmon
are taken.
Should the traveller make this
journey in June, there will be no more
total darkness for him till near the
end of July. The midnight sun may
be seen from a hill 2 hours’ walk from
the station-house, should the weather
be fine.
The postman can be made use of as
forbud if the time suits : if not, of
course a special messenger must be
despatched : this is not absolutely ne¬
cessary, but it will avoid all delay and
disappointment in waiting for boat¬
men, &c. &c.
N.B. It is no of use attempting to get
up to Quickjock while the hay harvest
is going on, which begins about the
20th or 25th of July, and lasts 14 days),
as the villages are deserted, and the
boatmen are all in the woods. One
old blind man was the sole occupant
of Lusby. No roads exist N. of Jock¬
mock, except that to the Lake.
Leaving Jockmock early in the
morning in carriages, which can be
had at the station-house for the 5 m.
of road to the bottom of Lake Vai-
kijaur, 2 boats, each manned by 2
men or women, will be in waiting;
1 boat would not be sufficient for the
further journey, as the baggage has to
be carried through the forest by the
rowers upon their backs. On the way
to Quickjock, wild fowl will be met
with, while the lakes and rivers teem
with fish of large size.
The head of Lake Vaikijaur will be
reached against a strong current rising
in one place to a small rapid in about
2 J hrs., when the boats will be drawn
up, and the luggage taken out and
equally divided among the rowers, who
sit down on the grass and tie their
respective goods on to their backs;
following them, the traveller wends
his way along a footpath through
the forest to avoid the rapids, which
invariably form the junction between
these lakes. The boatmen are very
careful, and would not allow the tra¬
veller to proceed were there any danger
to be apprehended from sudden storms
or squalls on the lake; the boats are
light canoes, made of pine strongly
put together, which rise readily to the
148
KOUTE 28. -CATARACT OF NJOMMELSASKA.
Sweden,
small waves. The bott im of the
Lake Vaikijaur is called Lushy; here
is a small village inhabited by boat¬
men.
Cataract of Njonimelsaslta.
[From Vaikijaurliy a visit may be
made to the Cataract of Njomnielsaska,*
the greatest in Europe,more than double
Trollhattan, about 40 Eng. m., a very
rough walk of 10 hrs. to and fro, over
a very difficult country. Guide must be
taken, and food. The way leads by
Ligga, above the Lulea river (18 Eug.
m.), beyond which the river is crossed
in a boat, and you ascend steeply
through tangled forest, the path mostly
marked by notches on the trees.
IMount Ananas must be climbed, skirt¬
ing round its shoulder, a difficult way
among rocks and boulders, partly
through marsh. Beyond this the roar
of the Fall guides the wayfarer, who
from a height may look down on the
great river LuleS,, in its grand descent
of 50 or 60 ft. This is followed by a
sweep of rapids, over which the river
descends about 100 more feet. The
river may be crossed a mile below the
Falls in a boat.]
As the bottom of the next lake Pur-
kijaur is reached,—other boats and
rowers are ready ; the former ones are
now paid and sent back again. After
a good hour’s row the head of the lake
is seen, disembarkation again takes
place, another tying on of luggage to
willing backs, and a further walk
through the forest, surrounded by
birch and pine and fir; the footpath
is good, though rather boggy in some
places after heavy rains. A little
drop (say a small wineglass) of the
native brandy given to each boatman
—the women are all teetotallers—will
help the boat along. They will do
almost anything for this highly prized
spirit, which they cannot procure or
purchase anywhere, its sale having
* The only English work in which these
Falls are described is Mr. J. Sharp’s entertain¬
ing volume, called ‘ Up in the ^soilh.’
been properly forbidden by law, as its
constant use was rapidly depopulating
the whole country. No stronger or
finer men and women are to be found
anywhere than these teetotal Swedish
settlers.
Now, at every house, will be found
small creatures dressed in reindeer¬
skins with high blue caps, without any
hair on their faces, and of unknown
ages or sexes; these are the real Laps,
who have not accompanied their
brethren and the reindeer to the moun¬
tains. The traveller will meet with
none of the latter, although in winter
they abound at every station, their
flesh being then the staple food of the
inhabitants, which in summer is cows’
milk and fish. No bread will be met
with till he arrives at Quickjock, each
station is provided with dried rusks as
a substitute. The native hard black
bread will not be relished by tho
traveller.
The next lake is Bandijaur, where
other boats and rowers are waiting
Sometimes 2 boys take the place and
pay of one man. This is the broadest
lake of all: it takes a 2 hours’ row to
arrive at its head, where there is a
beautiful cascade formed by the river
dashing down through several small
islets from the other lake. Here
is a house where a rest can be made
and coffee procured. Only 10 minutes’
walk to next lake, Parkijaur, where
fresh rowers are stationed. Instances
of extortion are recorded of the Parkiby
boatmen, which ought to be resisted—
6 kronor is the proper fare. The snow¬
capped mountains, for which the tra¬
veller is bound, appear for the first
time in the distance, and altogether
the scenery of this lake increases in
boldness and grandeur.
After an hour’s row and a walk of
20 minutes Lake Skalka appears in
sight, and another 15 minutes’ pull
lands the traveller at the hospitable
station of BJorkhnbn, situated upon
a small island. He ought to arrive
here at about 8 p.m. This is by far
Sweden,
ROUTE 28.
QUICKJOCK.
149
the most fatiguing day’s journey, in
consequence of its length ; but it is
better to push on than have to put up
in huts which are not intended for the
traveller’s reception.
Rusks, dried reindeer-flesh, eggs,
butter, milk, and fish form the staple
diet at these stations, but meat will
often be provided if previously ordered
by the forbud.
Next morning fresh rowers will pull
the traveller in 8 hours to Tjomatis,
where a rest is taken and coffee can be
had, and a further 2 J hours lands him at
The station of Niavi at the head
of the Lake. Here the traveller can
push on to Quickjock the same day
if he wish, as it is only 20 E. miles
further; but a comfortable station-
house and magnificent fishing in the
rapids close at hand should not be
hurriedly passed by. The scenery in¬
creases in beauty the nearer the
Quickjock mountains appear to the
eye. Next morning a walk of 25
minutes brings the traveller to the
bottom of Lake Saggat; here for a
short distance the boats are pulled and
poled up a rapid to the dismay of the
nervous traveller, who fancies the boat
must be wrecked on some sunken rock
every minute.
High mountains and perpendicular
cliffs line the banks of this sj^lendid
lake, while the range of snow-capped
mountains form a fitting background.
4 liours’ pulling takes the traveller to
its head, where the boats enter a na¬
tural canal of more than a mile in
length, cutting off the course up the
tempestuous Tarajock river, and soon
the village of
Quickjock, G6° 55' N. lat., a group
of 4 or 5 red houses with a Church
and Belfry, opens suddenly to view.
The situation of this lovely spot,
1000 ft. above tli'* sea, cannot be ex¬
ceeded for natural beauty; lying as
it does upon a sloping hill with the
waterfall of the Kamajock river on
its right, it commands a magnificent
prospect of the valley in front formed
by the junction of the 2 rivers be¬
fore they empty themselves into the
Lake. Patches of snow at no great
height stand out from the dark rocks
ere the eternal snow is reached, while
tlie dark green of the very small pines
and the lighter tints of the willow
birch add to the beauty of the picture,
the clear atmosphere of the Arctic
regions giving a charm to the whole.
Unfortunately the plague of mos¬
quitoes and midges in summer makes
a sojourn here almost intolerable.
In summer the village of Quickjock
is made up of 4 families ; and although
there is a station-house, the traveller
will do better if he can persuade the
hospitable Pastor to receive him.
Lambs and calves can be purchased
here, and bread will once more gladden
his eyes ; the Parsonage is roomy and
comfortable, and the cooking excellent.
The inhabitants of Quickjock own
about 12 horses, 25 cows, and 1000 rein¬
deer. The summer weather is pleasant.
The prospect on all sides can nowhere
be exceeded for its ever-changing
beauties. The mountain view from
the summit of Snjrrak will well repay
the ascent.
Plenty of trout and grayling in the
rivers, and especially at the foot of the
falls; but they are small compared to
the other streams, not exceeding 2 or 3
lbs. in weight—60 fish from J to 3 lbs.
each would be an ordinary afternoon’s
sport at the bottom of the last fall,
close to the Parsonage. In one hour
the Fells at the back of the house
can be reached, where a good shot
ought to secure some ptarmigan and
willow-grouse.
There is also a track across the
mountains into Norway, should the
traveller wish to return home that way.
If not, he must take the same route
back again, but being down hill, and
with the stream, it will require a
much shorter time than it did coming
up, taking care to arrive at Edefors
on the proper day to meet the screw-
steamer.
150
ROUTE 29 . —HAPARANDA TO THE ARCTIC OCEAN. Sweden.
The route into Norway terminates
at Bodo {Hhh. Norway, Rte. 20), and
is carried across a very wild and rocky
district. It is rarely attempted. The
glacier of SuUtelma, distant nearly
60 Eng. m. from Quickjock, is passed
by the way, and the peak of Sulifelma
(6326 ft.) is visible at a great distance.
Encampments of Lapps are met with,
and numerous herds of reindeer.
ROUTE 29.
HAPARANDA TO THE ARCTIC OCEAN.
M. du Chaillu {Land of the Mid¬
night Sun, vol. i. pp. 53, et seq.) has
described a journey which he made
from Haparanda to the North Cape;
it is improbable, however, that any
but very enterprising travellers would
care to undertake it. The Tome
river, with its prolongation the Muonio,
which separates Sweden from Russia,
is followed for a number of miles. A
high road goes N. from Haparanda as
far as Pajala and Kengis, a distance
of 17 Sw. miles, passing through beau¬
tiful scenery. There are 11 post¬
stations, at which food and lodging
may be obtained. Laplanders roam
over the country with herds of rein¬
deer, and the summer climate is de¬
lightful, but swarms of mosquitoes are
the great drawback.
lluskola (40 Eng. m.) is the next
stopping-place between Haparanda
and Pajala. Here is a large and
nourishing farm. The Arctic Circle
is crossed between the stations of
Kunsijarvi and BuoJwjarvi, 1408 geo¬
graphical miles S. of the North Pole.
Fajala is nearly 100 Eng. miles N.
of Haparanda, near the junction of
the Muonio with the Tome, and 330 ft.
above the level of the sea. The hamlet
contains 25 homesteads. The journey
northward may now be continued,
either by bearing to the N.W. and
ascending the Tome, or by going up
the river Muonio. The latter route
is preferable. The river is the high
road, and there are frequent boat-
stations where food and lodging can
be obtained. The fare is 1 krona for
each man for every Swedish mile, and
a small sum for the use of the boat.
The Muonio abounds in rapids, but
the boatmen manage their boats so
well that no damage need be feared.
The boats are usually very long and
narrow: 25 to 30 ft. in length, 1| to
2 ft. in' depth, and 3 ft. broad at the
broadest part. A temperature of 51° F.
was registered at 1‘30 a.m. On the
morning of July 1st, and at 10‘30 p.m.,
it had been 57° F.
Kolare, Hunhlci, and Kihlangi are
the next stations. The river abounds
with rapids, and the progress is slow.
12.j Sw. m. from Pajala, and near to
Muonioniska, are the
Muoniokoski Rapids, which are tlie
most formidable and dreaded on the
river. “ Tiiese rapids continue for
nearly an English mile, rushing be¬
tween naked rocks which stand like
encampments on each side; a few
solitary trees overhang the banks,
and excepting these nothing is to be
seen but tlie clear blue sky above, and
the foaming waters which appear to
be whirling you to destruction. Not
a sound is heard but the roaring of
the waters, as they foam and dash
against numberless obstructions. It
is a grand and most exciting spec¬
tacle.” . . . “ The most dangerous part
of the whole consists of two nearly
perpendicular falls, one about 100
yards distant from the other . . . Per-
tiaps the most dangerous part of all is
between the two falls, for the stream
has to be crossed with the boat, at
times, broadside to the waves. This
space is full of rocks also, and there is
Sweden.
ROUTE 29. -MUONIOVAARA.
151
barely time to get tlie boat’s bead
straight, before it is whirled into
the second fall. Till recently this
rapid was esteemed quite impass¬
able, and boats were dragged over¬
land ; bat a certain Karl Kegina
looked from the bank one day, thought
he saw hiat a clear course was pos¬
sible, and made tiie experiment alone,
letting the boat down sternforemost
against the stream, and so retaining
steerage-way. He was quite success¬
ful, and since that time he is the
recognised pilot, and receives a regular
fee for taking boats down.”
1 Eng. m. from Muoniomska is
Muoniovaara, where there is a com¬
fortable farmhouse, at which a Rus¬
sian bath can be obtained. The situa¬
tion is picturesque ; the farm over¬
looks the Muonio, and is surrounded
by meadows, a few cornfields, and a
capital vegetable-garden. Muonio-
vaara is 226 English miles, or 365
kilometres from Haparanda.
To the N. of Muoniovaara the river
trends to the VV.; rapids are frequent;
the scenery becomes more desolate,
and the population more sparse. A
pull of 14 hrs. is necessary before
Palojold is reached, a hamlet consist¬
ing of eight or ten scattered farms.
“ The inhabitants seemed to be a cross
between the Finns and the Lapps.”
But little grain is grown here, because
frosts often occur in August. Never¬
theless the July temperature is high.
and 82° F. has been registered at
midday, 70° at 6 p.m., 68° at 7 p.m.,
and 64° at_ 9-30 p.m. The inhabitants
of Palojoki have large herds of rein¬
deer.
There are two ways of going north
from Palojoki :—The Muonio may be
ascended as far as Lake Kilpisjarvi,
and thence we may cross to Norway,
and make for Tromso or Skibotten;
or we may branch otf to the N.E. from
Karemando, cross a strip of Russian
territory into Norway, and halt at
Kantokeino (v. Uhk. for Norway,
Rte. 22, p. 166): or again the small
river Palojoki, one of the affluents of
the Muonio may be ascended. This
is a completely new route, and was
followed for the first time by M. de
Chaillu.
The river is small and full of rapids.
Reindeer (here worth 27 kronor a
head) are met with on its banks,
which are lined with forests of birch
and fir, carpeted with reindeer moss
of a greenish white colour. Here, on
July 5th, the temperature at 7 a.m.
was 67° F. in the shade and 109 F. in
the sun; while between noon and
1 p.m. it was 82° F. in the shade, and
at 6 P.M. 78° F. After 14 hour’s pull¬
ing, a farm is reached between the
little lakes Leppajarvi and Sarjarvi.
We are now in Russian territory, and
can travel by way of Palojarvi to
Kantokeino, and thence to Alton and
the North Cape. (^Norway, Rtes. 21
and 22.)
INDEX.
ABY.
A.
Aby, loo
Abyn, 14 j
Account of Sweden (Suc¬
cinct), 25
Adelsniis, 91
Afva, 14 j
Agnesberg, 106
Agriculture, ?8
Ahlstromer, Jonas, 75
Abus, 98
Akarp, 95
Aker, 69
AklSngen Lake, 109
Aland, 142
-, islands of, 138
Alem, loi
AUta, 125
Alfvesta, q2
-to Malmo, 92
-to Karlskrona, 96
Algrena iron-works, 73
Alingsas, 75
Alkvettern Lake, 89
Almare-Stak, 113
Alnarp Agricultural In¬
stitute, 95
Alton, 141
Alum works, io2, no
Alvastra (Ruins of), 132
AmSl, 109
Amannlngen Lake, 112
Ammeberg zinc-mine, 73
Amot, 88
Andrarum, alum-works, 99
Aneby, 91
Ange, 125
Angerman River, 139, 142
Angersjd, 143
Angling, 2?
Animskog, T09
Ankarsrum’s iron-works, roi
Aplung, 127
Arboga, 70, no
Are, 126
Areskutan Mountain, 126
Arfvet, 125
Army, 36
Arno, island of, 86
Arsta-fjord, 72
Arvika, 88, 109
•-to Dalecarlia, 127
Asa, 106
Asarum valley, 103
bispgArden.
Asby, no
Asen, 107, 124
Askerod, 99
Askersund, 73
Askja, 142
Asmundtorp, 99
Asnen Lake, 92, 104
Aspa iron-works, 73
Aspen Lake, 76, 89
Asplangen Lake, 81
Asplund, 127
Asunden Lake, 130
Atra River, 106
Atvidaberg, 91, loi
Augustenbad, 73
Avasaxa, 141
Avesta, 128
Axevalla Heath, 74
B.
Backa, 106
Backasand, 132
Baldernas iron-works, 109
Balsberg, cave of, 98
Balsta, no
Bankeberg, 132
Bankeryd, forest of, 130
Barken Lake, 112
Bastad, 105
Batsta, 123
Beckaskog, 98
Belteberga, chateau of, roo
Benvenuto Cellini, i r4
Berggvara, ruins of, 97
Bergsangs-backarna, hills of,
123
Bergsbrunna, 115
Bergsjd Lake, 89
Bergviken Lake, 142
Bergwik sawmills, 138
Bernadotte, 3 3, 97
-, sarcophagus of, 57
Berhshammar, no
! Bettna, 86
Biby, 70
Bie, 72
Billeberga, 99
Billinge, 9?
Billingen Hills, 74
j Billingforss, IC9
: Birka, 68
i Bispberg iron-mines, 129
I Bispgarden, 127
bureI,
Bjeresjdholm, 99
Bjersjdlagard, 99
Bjdrbo, 128
BjorKholin, T48
Bjdrkd fjord, 68
Bjdrneborg, 87
BJdrnlunda, 72
Bjdrnstorp chateau, 95
Blenda, tradition of, 92
Boda chapel, 124
Bodame, 73
Bodtrask, 146
Bogsjd, 127
Bohus, castle of, 86, 106
-land,ic6
Bole, 125
Bollnas, 125
Bolmen Lake, 92
Bomarsund, i?8
Bonarp’s Heath, 93
Bondby, no
Books, 43
Boras, 75, 130
Boren Lake, 82
Borenhult Sluices, 82
Borga, castle of, 132
Borggiirdet, 123
Borgholm, 102
-, castle of, 102
Borgs tena, 130
Borlange, 113
Bornholm island, 99
Born-Langsjow, 121
Bosjd-Kloster, 93
Bostorp, 97
Boxholm, 91
Briicke, 125
Braddbo, 128
Brahe, Tycho, 97, 100, 113
-, Ebba, 114, 128
Brahehus, 132
Brask, Bishop Hans, 79, 81
Brattsfors, 89
Braviken Fjord, 89
Bredacker, 145
Brefven’s iron-works, 73
Broang, 143
Brokind, 91
Briims, 103
Brosarp, 98, 99
Bruksholm, island of, 90
Brunnback, 129
Brunsberg, 88
Bruzaholm, 91
BureS, 143
INDEX,
153
BURGVIK.
Burgvik, ij6
By River, 83
Byske, 14 j
Bysta, 7J
Bystr'dm, 54, 56, 73
-, villa of, 64
C.
Canals, 42
Carlevi, Runic stone, 102
Carlsforss, 121
Carlsten, fortress of, 78
Casimirsborg, loi
Cedersberg, 91
Charles X., 31
- XV., 33
Charles grave, 57, 60
Charles Canal, 84
Charlottenberg, 88
Christina, Queen, 30
Christinehamn, 87
-to Philipstad, 88
Christinehof, 99
Churches, 42
Cimbrishamn, 98
Clar River, 87, 124
Climate, 26
Codex Aureus, 61
Commerce and Navigation,
40
Copenhagen to Stockholm, 5
Copper Mines, 121
D.
Dagldsen Lake, 89
-stat., 89
Dagldsten, 143
Dal River, t2o, 122, 128
Dala costumes, 123
Dalard, 133
Dalbobrom Pier, 84
Dalby, 9?, 95
Dalecarlia, 122
Dalkarlshyttan mines, 110
Dalsland, 84
-canal, 109
Dannemora, 119
-Lake, 119
--iron-mines, 119
■-works, 119
Dansjd Lake, 92
Day-Book (Dagbok), 15
Degeberga, 98
Degerfors, 87
Delsbo, 138
Delsjdr Lake, 77
“ Devil’s Bible,” the, 62
Dialogues, 17
Diet, the, 34
Djekneboda, 143
Djupadal, Falls of, 104
Djupedal, 130
ESLOF.
«
Djurgardens, 64
Djursas, 125
Docks ta, 142
Dohnaforss iron-works, 73
Ddrarp, 92
Dormsjd powder-mills, 129
Douglas, Counts of, 82
Doviken, 127
Drevsoehytte, 12;
Drottningholm, 67
Dumme River, 130
Dunkeballar Heights, 131
Dylta alum-works, no
E.
Eckerd Fjord, 68
Edane, 83
Edeback, 89.
Edefors, 146
-- Falls of, 145
Edenryd, 104
Edsby, J25
Edsvalla, 109
Egbyborna, 82
Einstuga, 125
Eist, 107
Eke.^jb Hofgard, 92
Ekolnfjord, 114
Eksjo, 91, 131
Elgaras, 73
Elfdal, T24
Elfkarlehy, 120
Elfkarleo, 120
Elfsborg, fortress of, 78
Elfsnabbeu, 133
Elleholm, 104
Ellhomen, iron-works, no
Elmhutt, 03
Elve Fjord, 86
Emmaboda, 97
Enanger, 142
Engebacken, 129
Engelbrecht, monument to,
III
Engelbrechtsholm, in
Engelholm, 105
-along the West Coast to
Fredrikshald, 104
Engel sberg, 112
Engeltofta, 10;
England direct to Gothen¬
burg, 4
Engsd, 70
Enkbping, no
Eriksberg, estate of, 72
Erlangen Lake, 91
Ersnas, 144
Ervalla, no
Eskilstuna, 70, 72, 83
Esldf Junct. Stat. 93
-to Malmd, 93
-to Ystcid, Helsingborg,
and Landskrona, 99
FORSERUM.
Esperild, 99
Evedal, mineral spring of, 97
Excursions from Upsala, 118
E.
Figelvik, too
Fageras, 88
Fagerd, island of, 70
Falkenberg, 106
Falkdping, 75, 130
Falsterbo, 96
Falun, 121; copper mines
121.
-to Elfdal, 123
Farjestaden, 102
Farnas. 124
Faro (Sheep Island), 136
Farosund, 136
Fasting Fair, 87
Faxe River, 139
Fellingsbro, iro
Fergusson’s ‘Handbook of
Architecture ’ cited, 13 t
Fersen, Count Axel, monu¬
ment to, 90
Figeholm, loi
Fiholm, 112
Fillinge, 91
Kinja Lake, 93
Finnefors, waterfall of, 126
Finnerddja, 73
Finspong, chateau of, 90
Fisheries, 40
Fishing, Kraftor, 75, 80, 108,
157 , 147
Fishing and Shooting, 82
Fitja. 87
Fjelkinge, 104
Fjords:—kxsia,, 72; Bjdrkd,
68; Braviken, 89 ; Eckero,
68 ; Ekoln, 114; Elve, 86;
Glafs, 88; Gdrval, 113;
Gran, 70; Gripsholm, 68 ;
Gullmars. 107; Haftens,
IC7 ; Hake, 107 ; Hall, 72 ;
Lammar, 113 ; Ldfsta, 11?;
Mdrkd, 133; North, 70;
Prest, 69; Svinesund, 108 ;
Wartan, 67
Flaten Lake, 100
Flen, 72
Flind Lake, 129
Floda, 76, 8), 12 j
Fldgforss copper-mine, no
Fldtsund Bridge, 114
Flottbergstrdm, Falls of, 85
Foemund Lake, 125
Fogelsta, 133
Foelavik, 75
Fdlsbyn, 109
Forbud, sending, 13
Forests, 26, 39
Forserum, 131
154
INDEX
FORSSA.
Forssa sawmills, ij8
Forssen, 127
Fridhem, i j6
Frigf2;esund’s sawmills, Ij8
Fristad, 130
Frdberga, 100
Frdso, island of, 126
Frostkage, 143
Frosvik, qi
Frotuna iron-works, no
Frdvettern Lake, 89
Frdvi, 110
Fryken Lake, 88
I'rykstad, 88
Fulltofra, 95
Funiisdalen, 138
Furudal, 12?
Fyrken Lake,127
Fyris River, 114
G.
Gaddvik, 144
Gafvetorp Agricultural In¬
stitute, 92
Gagnef's Church, 123
Game Laws, 24
Gamla Upsala Stat., 119
Gamleby, 100
Garberg, 124, 125
Garness, 126
Garpen berg iron-works, 129
Garsas, 124
Gefle River, 120 •
Gefle, 120
-to Falun and Dalecarlia,
121
-to Sundswall, 141
-, bay of, 138
Gellivara Company, 140
Gemla, ,6
Geology, 25
Gerdhem, 108
Germundered, 130
Gerungsen Fall, 127
Getaback, 9 3
Getsvaltan, 1 56
Get ter um, loi
Gilbert’s Cave, 132
Gidea River, 143
Gillevara Mountain, 140
Gisslarbo, no
Glafsfjord, 88
Gian Lake, 89
Glien Lake, 72
Gllssjbberg, 138
Gnarp, 142
Gnesta, 72
Goksholtn, nr
Gorval-fjord, 113
Gdtala, 74
Gotha River, 76, 106
-Canal, 73, 78
-Valley, 106
HALLE BERGET.
Gothenburg, 4, 76, 106;
inns, 76; cafes, 76 ; post
office, 76; telegraph office,
76 ; carriages, 76 ; steam-
boais, 4, 76; bridges, 76;
cathedral, 77; churches,
77 ; exchange, 77 ; theatre,
gardens, 77 ; musetim, 77 ;
hospital, 77 ; trade, 77 ;
cemetery, 77.
Gothenburg to Fredrickshald,
108
Gotland, island of, 135
Government, 34
Grafversforss, 100
Grahed, 107
Gran-f;iord, ^o
Grangardet, n2
Griisberg, 113
Graso, 138
Grasta, 123
Grastorp, 130
Grayling, 147
Greksasar, no
Grenna, 132
Grimsmark, 143
Gripsholra Fjord, 68
-Castle, 68
Grunnebo, 130
Gryt, 73
Grythyttehed, no
Gudhem, 74
Guldsmedshyttan, no
-silver-mine, no
Gullmars Fjord, 107
Guild, lAlls of, 85
Gullspang River, 89
Gumboda, 143
Gunnosbyn, 127
Gustafsberg, 107
Gustavus Adolphus, 30, 56,
6^, 113, 131
-, coronation of, 90
Gustavus Wasa, 29, 115,123,
124, 129
Gusum, 100
Gyllenstjerna, Christine, 53,
71
H.
Habo, 130
Haddebo, 73
Haftens Fjord, 107
Hafverud iron-works, 109
Hakantorp, 130
Hake Fjord, 107
Halboiias, estate of, 72
Halffreda, 136
Hall-fjord, 72
Halland's Vaderd, island of,
105
Hallandsberg, 74
Halleberget Mountain, 84,
129
HORBY.
Hallsberg, 7 3
HalLta, 87, 91
Halmstad, 105
Hamburg to Copenhagen,
?. 4
Hammar Fall, the, 127
Hammarby, favourite resi¬
dence of Linnteus, 119
Hamn Canal, 77
Hamrangp, 142
Haparanda, 140
-to the Arctic Ocean, 150.
Harg, 119
Harg’s cotton-mills, 86
Har manger, 142
Harniis 120
Hasselbacken, 65
Hasselfurs, 87
Hastaryd, 104
Hastholmen, 132
Hiistveda, 93
Hede, 107
Hedeby, 138
Hedemora, 129
Heden, 125
Hedensfors Rapids, 145
- village, 145
Hednorer, 145
Helga Lake, 92, 96
-River, 93, 98
Helgasjd River, 96
Helleforsnas, 87
Helsingborg, 97 ; hotels, 97;
carriages, 97 ; steamers, 97 ;
history, 97
-to Ki istianstad, 97
Helvetes, Falls of, 85
Herndsand, 127, 139, 142
Herrebordet, 7;
Herresta, 107
Herrestad, 99
Herrevadskloster, 93
Herrljuiiga, 75, 130
Herrskog, 142
Hessleholm, 93, 98
Hille, 142
Hinseberg, chateau of, no
Hisingen, island of 106
Historical Notice, 27
Hjelmar Canal, ni
-Lake, in
Hjo, 74
Hui>urg, rock of, 136
Hoby, 104
Holdala, 93
Hdganiis, 97
Hdgbo Company, 86
- fVcrks, 120
Hdgdal, ic8
Hdgkl.iit, 136
Hdje River, 93
Holmd Isles, 139
Holmsund, 143
Hddr, 93
Hdrby, 93
INDEX.
155
110 UNAS.
Homas, 142
Hcirno, 142
-Island, 142
Horningsbolm, Castle of, 80
Hornsberg, 91
Horses, 12
Huddinge, 72
Hudiksval, ij8, 142
Hufoudniis, Fall of, 129
Hult, 91
Hultfred Junction, 91
Hulta, 81
Hunkki, ijo
Hunneberget Mountain, 84,
129
Hurfva, 99
Husaby, 74
Husby Rekarne, 70
Husqvarna, musket-factory,
iji
Hven, residence of Tycho
Brahe, 100
Hydropathic Establishment,
72
I.
Idre, 125
Ifd bake, 98
Ignaberga, 98
Indals River, 142
Industry (productive'), 18
Ingarpsberg, chateau of, 92
Ingotorp, 91
Ingberg Lake, 92
Ingelstad, 92
Inhabitants, 47
Innertafle, 14J
Innervik, 14J
Inns, 9
Innsjd Lake, 12?
Introductory Information, i
Iron, Swedish, 39
Ishult, loi
Isla, 123
J.
Jiider iron-works, iio
Jaders, burial-place of Oxen-
stjerna, 70
Jiifre, 143
Jem jo, 103
Jemserum, loi
Jemtland, 127
Jemtun, 144
Jensvold, 138
Jerfva, 114
Jerfsd, 138
Jerla, no
Jerna, T2, 89, 12;
Jockinock, 146, 147
-, Falls of, 147
KOLARE.
Johannishus, chateau of, 104
JoNKoPiNG, 130; hotel, 130;
harbour, 130; lighthouse,
130 ; Superior Court ^ of
Justice, 131; steamers,
131.
-to Hallsberg junct., 132
Jonserod, 76
Justice, 35
K.
Kaggeholm, 68
Kalix River, 144
-, Upper and Lower, 144
Kallandsd, 84
Kalmar, ioi ; hotels, loi;
theatre, loi; cathedral,
102 ; library, 102 ; castle,
102; history, 102; Act of
Union, 102; steamers, 102
Kalmar, Union of, 28
Kama jock River, 149
Kantokeino, 151
Kappellbackarna, 107
Karbdle, 138
Karesuando, 151
Karlberg, 109
Karls islands, 136
Karlsborg, 74, 83
Karlshamn, 104
Karlskrona, 103
Karlstad, 87, 89
Karmansbo, no
Karpalund, 98
Karra, 106
Karsholm, chateau of, 98
-Lake, 98
Kaskats, 146
Kathrinehoim, 73, 89
Kengis, 150
Kiel to Gothenburg, 5
Kihlangi, 150
Kil Junct. Stat., 88, 109
Kilsmo, 7 3
Kinbeck, 143
Kinda Kanal, 91
King's Lodge, the, nr
Kinnekulla Mountain, 73, 84
Kivik, 98
■-, ancient monument, 98
Kjervingsborn, no
Klamman, 81
Klelva, 81
Klintehamn, 136
Kldrup, 96
Kloster powder-mills, 129
KnappekuUa, 100
Kniftsta, 115
Knighthood, orders of, 36
Knudstorp, 97, 100
Kohlsva, no
Kolare, 150
LAKES.
Kolback stat., no; River,
in
Kollekind, 107
Kolmarden marble quarries,
90
Kolniorden, forest of, 100
Kolsatt, 138
Kolsnaren Lake, 73
Komtillmatta, 128
Kongel, 86
Kongelf, 106
Kongstuen, 126
Kongvinger, 88
Kdnsa, 14?
Kdping, 71, no
Kdping-hult rly., 111
Kdping-Ridfarhyttan rly,,
no
Kopmannabro, 109
Korpikyla, 141
Korsnas, 121
Kosta, glass-manufactory, 97
Krageholm, 99
Krangede Fall, 127
Krapperup, chateau of, 97
Kristiania, 68
Kristianstad, 98
Kronoberg Castle, ruins of,
Krusonberg, chateau of, 119
Krylbo stat., 128
Kuckola, 141
Kulla Gunnarstorp, 97
Kullen Mountain, 97
Kungsbacka, 106
Kungsgarden, i2i
Kungshamn, 114
Kungshatt, 68, 80
Kungshdgar, 118
Kungsdr, 70, ni
Kunsijiirvi, 150
Kurd, 129
Kynnefjiill Hills, 107
Kyrkeby, 107
Kyrkvik, 107
L.
Lace, 83
Laga River, 92, 105
Laggesta zinc-mines, 7 3
Lagmansholm, 75
Laholm, 105
Lakes 25; Alkvettern, 89;
Amiinningen, 112; Asnen,
92, 104; Aspen, 76, 89;
Asplangen, 81; Asunden,
I fO ; Barken, 112 ; Bergsjd,
89; Bergviken, 142; Ber-
gwik, 142; Bolmen, 92;
Boren, 82; Uagldsen, 89;
Dannemerra, 119; Dan.sjd,
92; Delsjdr, 77; Finja,
93 ; Flateu, 100; Fliud,
156
INDEX,
LAMHULT.
129; Foemund, 125; Fro-
vettern, 89 ; Fryken, 83 ;
Fyrken, 127; Gian, 89;
Glien, 72 ; Helga, 92, 96;
Hjelmar, iii ; Ifd, 98;
Ingberg, 92; Innsjo, 123;
Karsholm, 98; Kolsnaren,
7J; Lanaren, 7 1 ; Langban,
89; Laxen, 109 ; Lelangen,
109; Lersjb, 89; Ljus-
tern, 129; AJdlaren, 68,
80; Maren, 80; Marma,
142; Mjorn, 75; Mdckeln,
89,92; Munk>jdn, 151; Nak-
na, 100; Ofve-Fyrken, 127 ;
Ojevettern, 89; Orsa, 124 ;
Ostersjdn, 89; Ousby, 95;
Parkiby, 148; Parkijaur,
148; Purkijaur, 148; Ka-
belbf, 98 ; Randijaur, 148;
Rasvalen, no; Ring, 9?;
Ronuinge, 72; Roxen, 8r,
90; Runn, 121, 129; Run-
neryd, 92; Siifvelangen, 76;
Saggat, 149; Salen, 92;
Saxen, 89; Silgan, 123;
Skagern, 89; Skalka, 148;
Stora Lee, 109; Storsjo, 126;
Straken, 1 30 ; Svinbogen,
100; Tisken, 121; Ulvet-
tern, 89; Uttran, 72; Vaiki-
jaur, 147 ; Vermelens, 88 ;
Vidostern, 92; Wammeln,
72; Waringen, no; We-
nern, 84, 108; Wessman,
IT2; Wettern, 85, 151 ;
Wiken, 84 ; Wiren, 73 ;
Yngen, 83
Lamhult, 92
Latnmar Fjord, 113
Lanaren Lake, 72
Landskrova, 99
Landsort, Lighthouse of, ijj
Langa, 138
Jjangban Lake, 89
Lanna, 136
Laugsele, 127
Lappe, HI
Ijarslund, 86
Latorp, no
Laxa, 77
Laxen Lake, 109
Laxholm, island of, 90
Leckd Slott (Palace), 84
Ledinge, 127
Lefvar, 143
Leksand, 12?
Lelangen Lake, T09
Lennarisforss iron-works,109
Lennartsniis, 113
Lerdal, 124
Lersjb Lake, 89
Lerum, 76
Lessebo paper-mill, 96
Let River, 89
LYSFKIHL.
Leufsta, 120
Levanger, 126
Liatorp, 92
Lida River, 75
Lidkoping, 74
Ligga, 148
Liljeholmen, 72
Lilia Edet, 86, 108
Lillebo, 125
Lilleskog, 129
Lima, 125
Lind, Jenny, 42
Linde, or Lindesberg, no
Linkoping, 90; hotels, &c.,
90; cathedral, 90; library,
91; steamers, 91
Linnceus, birthplace of, 92
- house, of, 117, 119
Literature, 41
Ljugarn, 136
Ljung, 130
Ljungby, 92
Ljusdal, 139
Ljusne River, 138, 139, 142
Ljustern Lake, 129
Lloyd’s ‘ Field Sports in Nor¬
way ’ cited, 88
Lbberbd, 99
Lbddekbping, 95
Lofasen, 127
Lofbn island, 67
Lbfsta, chateau of, 90
Lbfstafjord, 113
Lofvet alum works, 103
Lbfvestad, 99
Logasen, 127
Lomma, 95
London to Stockholm, 2
-to Copenhagen, 4
-to Gothenburg, 4
Lucifer-matches, fabrication
of, 130
Ludvika, 112
Lule River, 144, 147, 148
Lulea, 140, 144^ 145
-to Haparanda, 144
-to Quiclgock (Lapland),
Lulea Gammelstad, 144
Lund, 93; hotels, 93; his¬
tory, 93 ; university, 94;
library, 94; cathedral, 94;
Academical Society, 95;
parks, promenades, 95;
Botanical Gardens, 95
Lundby, no
Luntertun, 105
Lusby, 148
Lyckan, 88
Lyckeby, 103
Lysekihl, 107
MOLNDAL.
M.
Maglestan, Elfs of, 98
Mail Coaches, 15
Maj, 142
Mdlaren Lake, 68, 80, ill
Malmkbping, 70
Mahno, 95
-Pyttar, 107
Malmon, Island of, 107
Maltesholm, 98
Malung, 125
Malung Dalarne, 128
Mansbyn, 144
Mantorp, 91
Manufactures, 40
Maps, 43
Maren Lake, 80
Margarethetorp, 105
Marieberg, 66
Mariedala mineral spring,
131
Mariefred, 68
Mariehof, 81
Marieholm, 99
Mariestad, 74
Mark, 141
Marma stat., 120
-sawmills, 138
-Lake, 142
Mamas, 112
Marryatt’s ‘ One Year in
Sweden,’ cited, 116
Marsta, 115
Marstrand, 78
Marsvinsholm, 99
Matarengi, 141
Mattis Udden, 146
Measures, 9
Mehedi, 120
Mellerud, 108
Mellbsa, 87
Mem, 81
Mie River, 104
Miles, 9
Mineralogy, 26
Mines:—39; Laggesta, 73 ;
Ammeberg, 73 ; Taberg,
89 ; Pehrsberg, 89; Fah-
lun, 121 ; Sala, 128; Bisp-
berg, 129 ; Danneinora,
119; Stora Koppjarberg,
121 ; Dalkarishyttan, no;
Guldsmedshyitan, no;
Flbgforss, no; Uto, 133
Mjolby, 91
Mjorn Lake, 75
Mo Myskie, 142
Mbckeln Lake, 89, 92
Modes of Travelling, 11
Moheda, 92
Moholm, 74
Mblby, 15 2
Mblnbo stat., 72
Mblndal River, 76
INDEX.
157
MONEY-.
Money, Measures, Weights, 8
ISfoiisteras, loi
Mora. 124
Mora Noret, 124
-stones, 118
Morbylanga, 103
Moi ko, Island of, 80
-Fjord, 13 i
Morrum River, 104
Morup, 106
Mosquitoes, 16, 144
-net, 16, 144
Musseberg Hill, 75
Mo tala, 82
-River, 81, 8q
Mountains: — BiLlingen, 74 ;
Mdsseberg, 75 ; Kinne-
kulla, 75, 84; Halleberg, 7J,
129; Hunneberg, 73, 129;
Taberg, 131; Dunkehallar,
iji; KuUen, 97; Tontin,
t^6; Kynnefjall, 107; Berg-
siings, 12 j; Areskutan, 126
Movik’s blast-furnace, 138
Mullsjo, 130
Munkbrobimn, 113
M unkholmen. Island of, 106
Munksjd, paper-mill, 131
Muiiksjon Lake, 131
Munktorp, no
Muonio River, 137, 150
Mnoniokoski Rapids, 150
Muonio vaara, 151
N.
Nils, 89, 121, 126
Nakna Lake, 100
Nalden, 126
Nasbo, Castle of, 132
Nasby, 68
Nasbj'n, 144
Naset, >42
Nashulta iron-works, 70
Niissjo, 91, 131
Nasviken, 138
Navy, 36
Nericia province, 73
Niavi, 149
Nickala, 144
Niemis, 141
Nilsson, (Jhristine, 42
Nissa River, 105
Njommelsaska cataract, 148
Njutanger, 142
Njurunda River, 142
Nohlhaga, 76
Nol stat., 108
Nora, no
Norberg, Ji2
Nordenholm, 128
Nordwig Agricultural
School, 139
Norje, 104
OSTERDAL.
Norquam, 84
Norra Skoga, 127
Norrala, 142
Norrkoping, 81,89; wool fair,
90; steamers, 90; marble
quarries, 90
Norro, 91
Norsborg, 68
Norse Ive River, 88
Norsholm, 81, lor
North Bjorko-ljord, 70
Norway, routes to, 125
Nosaby, 99
Nya Kopparberget, ni
Nyboda 'I’unnel, 72
Nyckelo, 112
Nyebro, 106
Nygard, 136
Nykopiiig, 86
Nyland, 139
Nymis, 124
Nyqvarn, 91
0 .
Odensjon, 93
Odeshdg, 132
Odin, 27, 118
Ofvanmyra, 124
Ofvedskloster, 99
Ofver-H'yrken Lake, 127
Ofverraon, 138
Oja, 70
OJeby, 143
Ojevettern Lake, 89
Oland, Island of, 102
Olme, 87
Onnestad, 98
Orbyhus, Castle of, 119
-junct. stat., 119
Orders of Knighthood, 36
Ore River, 143
Orebro, ni
Oregrund, 138
Ornskdidvik, 139, 142
Orniis, 123
Orresta, no
Orrskog junct. stat., 120
Orsa, 125
-Lake, 124
Orsater, 91
Orsbyholm, 92
Orsundsbro, 113
Ortofta, 93
Orust, Island of, 107
Oscar I., 33
Oskarshamn, loi
Ost Gdta Canal, 81
Ostad, 132
Usterby, ^ 20
-, Chateau of, 120
-, Forges of, 120
Osterdal River. 122
PYTTAR.
Ostersjdn Lake, 89
(jstersund, 126
Oslhammar, 119
Ost Malmogen, 138
Ostra Karup, 105
Ottebol, 88
Ottenby, 103
Ousby, 93
-Lake, 93
Ousbyholm. 93
Oxeliisund, 87
Oxenstjerna, Chancellor Axel,
.. 70
Oxnered, 108
P.
Paboda, 103
Packila, 141
Pajala, 150
Palgard, 127
Palojoki, 151
Palsboda, 73
Parkiby Lake, 148
Parkijaur Lake, 148
Parks, Karlberg, 65
-, Djurgarden, 64
-, Haga, 65
Partilled, 76
Paskallavik, 101
Pavetstorp, 84
Payerim, 146
Pehrberg iron-mine, 89
Person,144
St. Petersburg to Stockholm,
6
Petri, Laurentius and Olaus,
monument to, in
Philips tad, 89
Pike, perch, roach, 137
Pilkrog, 87
Pite River, 143
Pitea, 140, 143
-to Lulea, 143
Platen, Baron B. von, 79, 82
Population, 26
Porla mineral spring, 73
Postal service, 4 3
Posting regulations, 12
Productive industry, 38
Press, 35
Prest fjord, 69
Prestgarden, 89
Prinsfors, 92
Prinsnlis, 92
PtaiTnigan, 126
Public instruction, 35
Pukeberget, 101
Purkijaur Lake, 148
Pyttar, a dwarf-like race, 107
158
INDEX
QUICKJOCK.
Q.
Quiclvjock, 149
Quicksund, 70
Qvarnholm, 102
QvartiStrom, statue by, iii
Qvibille, 106
t^vistrum, 107
Raa, 100
R.ibacken, 145
Rabbalshede, 107
Rabeldf Lake, 98
Raby, 132
Rida, 127
Rafsniis, 68
Rigsweden, 128
Railway, Northern, 114
Railways, ii
Ramen, 11 ?
Ramldsa, 97
Ramnas iron-works, II2
Ramsbergs, 110
Ranby, 144
Eandijaur Lake, 148
Rfine River, 144
Rankhyttan, 12}
Rannum, 129
Ransjd, ij8
Eiippe, 96
Rashult, 92
Rasvalen Lake, no
Ratan, 14J
Rathan, 139
iiattvik church, i2j
Raus, 100
Ravarpen Lake, 109
Refsudden, loi
Religion, 35
Requisites for travellivg, 16
Reutersberg, ill
Ricklea, 143
Riddarhyttan, no
Riddarholms, Island of, 56
-Church, 56
Riddersvik, 113
Rindo, 68
Ring Lake, 93
Ris River, 129
Rivers: —2 5; Angerman ,139;
Are, 126; Atra, 106; By, 88,
Clar, 87, 124; Dal, 120',
122, 128; Dumme, 130;
Faxe, 139; Fyris, 114;
Gefla, 120; Gidea, 143;
Gotha, 76,106; Gullspang,
89 ; Helga, 92, 96; Hoje,
93; Indals, 142; Kalix,
137, 144; Kamajock, 149;
Kohlback, 112; Laga, 92,
105; Let, 89; Lida, 75;
Ljusne, 138, 139, 142,
SATWITS.
Lule,.T44 ; Mie, 104; Mdlii-
dal, 76; Morum, 104; Mo-
tala, 81, 89 ; Muoriio, 137 ;
Nissa, 105; Njuranda, 142;
Nors, 88; Ore, 143; Oster-
dal, 122 ; Pite, 14? ; Rane,
144; Ris, 129; Safve, 75;
Skellefte, 14?; Skena, 132 ;
Stanga, 91; Stangan, 81;
Suul, 126; Svartdn, 71,81;
89, in; Tarajock, 149,
Tims, 89; Tornea, 140;
Ume, 143; Vindel, 137;
Waster, 128; Westerdal,
122 ; Wiska, 106, 130
Robertsholm, 121
Rogsta, 142
Roinge, 98
Roma, 136
Romeleklint hill, 95
Ronehamn, 136
Ronne, 99
Ronneby, 104
Rdnninge Lake, 72
Rdraas, 125, 138
R,orum, 98
Rosendal, 136
-Palace, 65
Rosenforss, 70
Rosersberg, 67, 113, 115
Rosvik, 70, 143
Rostanga, 93
Rotebro, 114
Routes to and through
Sweden, 2
-to^Norway, 125
Roxen Lake, 81, 90
Royal Family, the, 37
Rude, ‘Giants’ Caldrons,’ 73
Runamo, Rock of, 104
Runn Lake, 121, 129
Runneryd Lake, 92
Runsa, )I3
Ruokojarvi, 150
Ruskola, 150
Russ, or native horses, 136
Ryboholm factory, 130
Rhydahl’s factory, 130
Rydboholm, 67
Pyr, 129
Ryssby, loi
S.
Saby, 91
Sabyholm, estate of, 100
Safsjo, 92
Safsjostrom iron-works, 92
Safstaholm, Chateau of, 73
Siifvar, 14?
Safve River, 75
Siifvelangen Lake, 76
Saggat Lake, 149
Sahlstad, 129
Saiwits, 144
SKILLINGE.
Sala, 128
-- silver-mines, 128
Salen Lake, 92
Salsta, Brahe estate, 119
Salmon, 75, 88, 105, 137, 139,
141, 143, 146
-Fishery, 120
Sandarne, 138
Sandhem, 130
Sandsjo, 92
Sandviken, I2I
Sangis, 144
Sarna, 124
Siiro, 78
Sater, 129
-valley, 129
Satra, 128
Saxa, no
Saxen Lake, 89
Saxtorp, 9;
Scenery, 22
Seffle Canal, 88, 109
Seglerum, loi
Seglingsberg iron-works, 112
Selao, Island of, 69
Sembla, 112
Seter, 125
Sheffield of Sweden, the, 70
Shooting, 24, 108, 124, 126,
117
-bear, elk, &c., 124
St. Sigfrid, tomb of, 96
Signildsberg, 113
Sigtuna, 113
Siljan Lake, 123
Simonstorp, 100
Sjoandan, 88
Sjoberga, 132
Sjortorp, 84
Sjosa, 87
Sjdviken Fjord, 98
Skabersjo, 95
Skafveryd, 76
Skagern lake, 89
Skagerrack, 107
Skalka Lake, 148
Skallerud, 107
Skallstugan, 126
Skamhed, 128
Ssanor, 96
Skanzen, 112
Skara, 74
Skare, 83
Skarfven, 113
Skarhult, 99
Skattkarr, 87
Skatungeby, 125
Skebacic, in
Skedshult, 100
Skeen, 92
Skellefte River, 143
Skelleftea, 14?
Skena, stream, 132
Skenninge, 132
Skilliuge, 104
INDEX.
159
SKINSKATTEBEUG.
Skinskatteberg:, i lo
Skjutbunam, 98
Skbfde, 74
Skog, 142
Skogaholm, 7J
Skogslorp, 87
SkokLoster, chateau of, iij,
119
Skonvik, 88, IJ9
Skotgarden, ij8
Skrackrt, iij
Skultuna brass-works, 71
Skyllberg iron-works, 73
Slatbacken, 81
Slite, 136
Stbinge, to6
Sm iland Highlands, 103
Smedjebacken, 112
Sniedserud, 107
Snejon Lake, 123
Snapptianar, or Guerilla
Lands, 93
Snjrrak, 149
Soderakra, 103
Sdderbiirke, 112
Sdderby, 1x9
Sdderhanin, 138, 142
Soderkoping, 81, loo
Sodertelje, 72, 8 d, 87
SoUefte i, 127, 139
Solna, church of, no
Sdlvesborg, 99, 104
Soneby,127
Sophiero, 97
Soiby, 75
Sdnujble, 143
Sbsdala, 93
Spanga Sta-Bro sta., 110
Sparreholm, 72
Sperlingshoim, chateau of,
105
Spexhult, 92
Spjute, 142
Stafsiiter, 91
Btalva, 136
Ltallarholnien, 70
Stailstjernstugan, 126
Siaket, J13
Stampesti dm, Falls of, 85
Stanga River, 91
Stange, i}6
Stangebro, battle of, 91
Stangau River, 81
Uteamers, 12
Stehag, 93
Stenhanimar, 72
Stenninge, 113
Stensiorp, 74
Sien Slure, 53, 75
-(the Younger), 130
Sterbo, 125
Sligtomta, 86
Stjernhof, 72
Stjernarp, 105
ytjernsund, 73
STROMSHOLM.
Stockaryd, 92
Stockholm, 6, 50; inns,
50; Stora Sallskapet (Club),
51 ; cafes, 51 ; post-office,
51; commissionaires (stads-
bud), 51 ; steamboats, 51;
cabs or droskas, 52; car¬
riages, omnibuses, 52; his¬
tory, 52; palace, 54; Chapel
Royal, 54; state apart¬
ments, 55; royal library,
5?, 61; royal stables, 55 ;
churches, 56; Royal Mau¬
soleum, 56; National Mu¬
seum, 58 ; picture gallery,
59; Ethnographic Museum,
60; Academy of Sciences,
61 ; Institutes, 61 ; hos¬
pital, 61 ; mint, 62 ;
theatres, 62, 63; public
buildings, 63; parks, 64,
65; Palace of Rosendal,
65; manufactories, 66;
environs, 66
Stockholm to Falun, ii?, 128
— to Gothenburg, 71, 78
— to Haparanda, 136, 141
— to Khristiania, 87
— to Khristiansiad, 100
— to Malmd, 89
— to Nykoping, 86
— to Orebro, &c., 109
— to Trondhjem, 125
— to Upsala, 113
— to Wisby and island of
Gotland, 133
Stocksjd, 143
Stock-sound, 53
Stor-Wreta, 119
Stora Aby, 87
— Kopparberg, 121
— Lee Lake, 109
— Logdan River, 142
— Limugnen, 131
— Ror, loi
— Sundby, 70
Storbacken, 146
Storbyn, 138
Storlien, 126
Storsjd Lake, 126
Storvik, 121
Sturehof, 68
St taken Lake, T3 o__
Stralsund to Malmd, or Stock¬
holm, 5
Strand, 109
Strangsjd, too
Strengniis, 69, 70
Strdmbro, cotton-mill, 142
Strumming fishery, 138
Strdmna, cotton-mill, 104
Strdmnas, 127
Strdmsholm, 1 I 2
-Canal, 112
-, Palace of, 112
TISKEN.
Strdmstad, 107
Stugun, 127
Sturefors, 91
Succinct Account of Sweden,
25
Suderby, 136
Sulitelma, 150
Sund, 88
SunUbyberg, 110
Sundbyholm, 70
Sundswall, 139, 142
-to Ostersund, 125, 127
-to Umea, 142
Sundholmen Castle, 130
Suonana, 109
Sunne, 127
Suul River, 126
Suulstuen, 126
Svana iron-works, 71
Svante Sture, 92
Svardsbro, 87
Svart-an River, 71,81,89, iii
Svarta, 87
-iron-works, 86
Svarteborg, 107
Svarthiill, iii
Svartla, 145
Svartsjd, 67
Svartvik, 139
Svenstorp, 99
Svinbogen Lake, 100
Svinesund Fjord, 108
Swans, wild, 96
Sweden, 128
-general account of, 25-
40
Swedish Colonel, treacher¬
ously murdered, 140
T.
Taberg Mountain, 131
-iron-mines, 89
Tiifra, 143
Tiigarp, 100
Tannforsen Waterfall, 126
'I’annd, 92
Tannsjdn, 126
Tanto sugar refinery, 72
Tapfas, 127
Tarajock River, 149
Tatorp, 84
Teckomatorp, 99
Tegner, Bishop, 95, 96
Telegraph, service, 43; sub¬
marine, 96
Tenhult, 131
Thirty Years’ War, men¬
tioned, 30, 80, 114
Thorsby, 88
Tidd, 112
Tillberga, iio
Tims River, 89
Tingshdg, 118
Tingvalla, 87
•Y isken Lake, 121
160
INDEX.
TIVEDEN.
Tiveden, forest of, 7J
Tivoli, 98
Tjerby, 105
Tjomatis, 149
'I'jdrn, island of, 107
'I'just, valley of, 91
Tuksforss, 109
Tonielilla, 99
Tontin, mountains of, 106
Toppo, Falls of, 85
Torauiis, 92
Tore, 144
Tdreboda, 74, 84
Torekow, 10?
Tome River, 147, 150
Torne.i River, 140
Torned, 141
Torpa, estate of, i?o
Torshiilla, 70
Tor.-sebro powder-mills, 98
Tor up, 95
Tosse, 109
Tours in Sweden, 44
'I'raniis, 91, 99
Travelling, modes of, ii
-, requisites for, 16
Trelleborg, 96
-submarine telegraph, 96
Trensum, 104
Trolleberg, chateau of, 95
Trolleholm, 94
'rrolle-Fjjunby, 98
Trullenas, 9?
TroUkdttan, to8
-, Falls of, 84
Trosa island, 87
Trdsso, island of, 104
Trout, 84, 147. 146. 149
Tumba, 72
Tuna, 142
Tycho Brahe, 97, 100, 114
Tyng^jo, 128
Tynneisd, 69
Tynninge, 7 4
u.
Uddevalla, 107
-to Oskarshamn, 129
Ulfasa, chateau of, 82
Ulfstorp, 140
Ulricehamn, i?o
-, battle of, 140
Ulriksdal, 66
Ultuna Agricultural Insti¬
tute, 114
Ulvettern Lake, 89
Ume Paver, 14?
Umea, 149, 144
-to Pitea, 144
Union of Kalmar, 28, 102
Upperud, 89
-iron-works, 109
WASE.
Uppharad, 108
U esA.LA, 115; inns, 115; post-
office, 115; telegraph office,
115; carriages, 115; cathe¬
dral, 115; University, 116;
Gustavian Academy, 117;
Carolina Rediviva, 117 ;
Carolina Park, 117; Bo¬
tanical Gardens, 117 ; house
of Linnaeus, 117; castle, 117
Upsala, excursions from, 118
-to Dannemora and Gefle,
119
Upsala, Old, 118
Urswik, 140, 144
Utby, iij
Utmeland, r24
Utb iron-mines, 144
Uttersberg, no
Uttran Lake, 72
V.
Vaikijaur Lake, 147
Valmasen, 148
Yanas, 98
Vermelens Lake, 88
Vestgaard, 108
Viddstern Lake, 92
Viken, 97, 148
“ Vikingar,” 106
Yindel River, 147
Vocabulary, 17
Vretakloster, 82
w.
Wiiderbrunn, Agricultural
School, 86
Wadsbro, 86
Wadstena, 84, T44
-, Castle of, 84
Walbo, lii
Waldemarsvik, 10c
Walla, 72
WallSkra, too
Wiillinge, 68
Wammeln Lake, 72
Walskog, no
Wanas Point, 84
War a, 140
Warberg, 106
Wargarda, 75
Waring, 74
Waringen r,iake, no
Warnaby, 104
Warnhem Church, 74
Wartan fjord, 67
Wartofta, 140
Wasa, Gustavus, 28,115,124,
128
Washy, 114, 128
Wiise, 87
VXE.
Waasbotten Bay, 84
Wassmoldsa, 104
Waster River, 128
Waterfalls : — Trollhattiin,
84; Guild, 8? ; 'I'oppd, 85 ;
Stampestrdm,85; Helvetes,
85; Flottbergstrdm, 85 ;
Djupadal, 104 ; Finnafors,
126; Hufoudniis, 129; Ede-
fors, 145 ; Jockmock, 147 ;
Hedenfors, 145
Wattholma, 119
Waxholm, fortress of, 148
Weda, 142
Wedevag iron-works, no
Wedum, 140
Weights, 9'
Wenern Lake, 84, 108
Wenersborg, 75, 84, 108, 129
-to Karlstad, 108
Wenneberga Bridge, 81
Wessman Lake, 112
West Gotha Canal, 84
Westanfors, 112
Westerns, 71, no
Westerby, 91
Westerdal River, 122
Westervik, 91, 101
Westra Ed, 109
Wettern Lake, 84,141
Wexid, 96
Wickhus, 112
Wida, 100
Widtskdfle, chateau of, 98
Wifsta, 142
Wik, 88, 107
Wikarby, 124
Wiken Lake, 84
Wimmerby, 91
Wing.aker, 74
Winsldf, 98
Wiren Lake, 74
Wirsbo iron-works, n2
Wirum’s copper-works, loi
Wisbohammar, 72
Wisby,i3i ; Helge-Ands Kyr-
kan (Church of the Holy
Ghost), 144 ; churches,
145; population, 145
Wisingsd, island of, 142
Wiska River, 106, J 40
Wislanda, 92, 104
Wollsjd, 99
Wrena, 86
Wretstorp, 74
Y.
Ymsjdholm, 74
Yngen Lake, 89
Ystad, 99
Yttertafle, 144
Yxe iron-works, no
LONDON : WM. CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.
rS
■s
o
■ 4
SWEDEN (Nortkeru Routes)
MURRAY’S Handbook
ADVERTISER,
1899 - 1900 ,
CONTAINING
OSEFUL INFORMATION FOR TRAVELLERS,
RAILWAY
AND
STEAMBOAT COMPANIES,
HOTELS,
AND
MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS.
4
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
AIX-LES-BAINS.
GRAND HOTEL DU PARC.
F amily hotel with Garden and Terrace, in the fineet and airiest situation. Near
the Baths, the Casinos, the Station, and opposite the Public Garden. Cheapest
Terms, with Service and Comfort of the first-class Hotels. Excellent Cuisine.
OMNIBUS TO ALL TRAINS. LUTHAUD, Proprietor.
AJACCIO (CORSICA).
The CYRNOS PALACE HOTEL
F IRST-CLASS ENGLISH FAMILY HOTEL. IViost Elevated and Sheltered Position.
In full view of the Gulf aud surrounding Mountains. Large Orange Garden. Pension
terms from 10 Francs. E. EXNEB, Proprietor.
During Summer at Hotel Royal aud de Saussure, Chamonix.
ALGIERS. MUSTAPHA - SUPERIOR.
HOTEL CONTINENTAL ET D’ORIENT.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, Full South, Splendid View.
Four Acres of Garden, Tennis Court. English. Billiard
Table, Calorif^re, Excellent Drainage, Hydraulic Lift,
Ascenseur. Omnibus on Arrival of Steamers.
Printed Tariffs sent on Application,
J. HILDEHBRAlSrD, Proprietor and Manager.
AMIENS.
HOTEL DE FRANCE, D’ANGLETERRE, AND DE L’EUROPE.
F IRST-CLASS HOTEL, close to the Cathedral, the Museum, and other Public Buildings.
Having been recently newly furnished, it offers great comfort. Families and Single
Gentlemen accommodated with convenient Suites of Apartments and Single Rooms.
Omnibus at the Station. English spoken.
AMSTERDAM.
BRACK’S DOELEN HOTEL.
FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL WITH
EVERY COMFORT.
H. P. HAHN, Proprietor.
AMSTERDAM.
AMSTEL HOTEL
THE LARGEST HOTEL IN THE TOWN.
Patronised by the highest class of English Travellers
STRONGLY RECOMMENDED TO FAMILIES.
Every Modem Comfort, combined with Moderate Prices.
1899. MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 5
ANTWERP.
HOTEL ST. ANTOINE.
PLACE VERTE, OPPOSITE THE CATHEDRAL.
rPHIS excellent Eirst-Class Hotel, whicli enjoys tlie well-
J- merited favour of Families and Tourists, has been Newly Furnished
and Decorated. Great Comfort, Superior Apartments, and Moderate
Charges. Elegant Sitting, Reading and Smoking Rooms; fine Salle a
Manger, excellent Table d’Hote and choice Wines.
English, American, and French Papers.
XjiIEI O Iff 3Ea .
BATHS IN THE HOTEL.
ARCACHO!>?.
HOTEL HES FINS ET CONTINENTAL,
Winter Station in the Forest. Best situated Hotel in the Pine Forest by the Sea. Full South
and protected from the cold winds, between the Casino and the Place Oasis des Palmiers. The
most recent built, with every modem comfort. Villas Bianca, Trianon, and Printemns Depend-
ances of the Hotel. Telephone. Lift. GRAND £IOT££..—Managed by the same Proprietor.
Situated on the magnificent Plage du Bassin, facing the Casino. 150 Booms and Salons. The two
Hotels are strictly First-class. Lift. Telephone. Complete Hydropathy.
ARLES-SUR-RHONE (France).
GRAND HOTEL DU FORUM.
F IRST-CLASS, the largest in the town. Full South. Entirely renewed and considerably
enlarged. Bath Room. Saloons. Smoking Room. Antique Annexe, with a tower
giving a splendid view of the country (Rhone and Camargue). Table d’Hote. Moderate
charges. English spoken. Omnibus at the Station. MICHEL, Propiietor.
BADEN-BADEN.
Best Position in Baden-Baden. Proprietor, Mr. FRANZ G-BOSHOLZ.
T his is on© of th© finest-bnilt and best-furni8h©d First-Class
Hotels, main front with Morning Sun, situated in the new Promenade
opposite the new General Post Ofiice, nearest the Kursaal and the famous
Frederic Baths and Augusta Baths; it commands the most charming views,
and is reputed to be one of the best Hotels in Germany. Principally fre¬
quented by English and American Travellers. Highly recommended in every
respect, very moderate charges. Table d’Hote at 1 and 6 o’clock. English
and other Journals. Beautiful airy Dining-Rooms, Ladies’ Drawing-Room,
Reading & Smoking-Rooms. Pension in the early & latter part of the season.
Electric Light. Hydraulic Lift. Bath Rooms. Sanitary Arrangements perfect.
BADEN-BADEN,
First-Class Hotel, nearest Conversation
House and Bathing Establish¬
ments. Large Park.
3
Recently
_ enlarged by 40 quiet
sunny rooms overlooking
the Park, Central Steam Heating, Hydraulic
Lifts, Electric Light throughout, Charges Strictly
Moderate, Pension. A. ROaSLER, Proprietor.
6
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
BADEN-BADEN.
THE MOST BEAUTIFUL AND MOST FASHIONABLE
RESORT IN EUROPE.
BADEN-BADEN is unrivalled for its Summer Climate, deriving its
special charm from its picturesque and salubrious situation among the
lower hills of the Black Forest. Lovely walks and drives. International
Races and Lawn Tennis. Good Fishing, Shooting, and various other |
Sports. Splendid Conversation House, with Concert, Ball, Readings
Restaurant, and Society Rooms. Excellent Orchestra.
THE ESTABLISHMENT IS OPEN THE WHOLE YEAR.
Hot Mineral Springs, specially efficacious for the Cure of Gout, Rheur* |
matism, and Disorders of the Stomach and Liver. {
NEW GRAND DUCAL BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS
“THE FREDERIC BATHS” & “EMPRESS AUCUSTA BATHS.”
Unique for its Perfection and Elegance.
Mineral, Pine, Mud, and Medicinal Baths of every description. Perfect
Sanitation. Magnificent Hotels and Villas. Excellent Educational
Establishments. English Church.
All information at the Bureau of the “ Cure Committee^
BADEN-BADEN.
HOTEL AND BADHAOS ZAHRSNGER HOF.
rjTHIS large FIRST-CLASS HOTEL is beautifully situated in the
-L midst of a large Park, near the Promenades, Terraces, &c. Mineral Baths, Lift;
Sanitary Arrangements perfect; Pension; Moderate Prices.
H. BAYER, WM. and E. GROSHOLZ.
BADEN-BADEN.
HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE.
TTIGHLT EEPUTED and well patronised First Class FAMILY HOTEL, combining every modem comfort
with moderate charges. Beautiful situation in the most elegant part of Baden, at the entrance of the
Lichtenthal Alice, facing Promenade, Tlteatre, anti Conversation House. Lift. Baths. Large Garden,
covered Restaurant Terrace. Electric Light. Open all the year. Arrangements (Winter Pension).
New Proprietor, Adolplt formerly hurhaus, Kreuznach, and Mena House, Cairo.
Branch Houses—Hotel d’Angleterre, Geneva; Hotel des Ainhassadeurs, Mentone.
BALE.
JEiOTEX^ SCHiarElZlEIRHOF.
T his beautiful FIRST-CLASS ESTABLISHMENT is the most important and the best
situated, opposite the Central Station. It has been entirely refurnished and fitted
with the most recent improvements. Vast covered Restaurant Terrace. Highly
recommended. Terms moderate. liIFT.
‘ _ Managed by the Proprietor, E. J. GOETZINGER.
BASLE.
THREE KINGS HOTEL.
L argest Flrst-class Family Hotel in Basle, in a quiet, healthy, and
magnificent situation on the River Rhine, and in the centre of the
town. Hydraulic Lifts. Electric Light. Omnibus in attendance at the
German and Swiss Railway Station. Proprietor, c. pluck.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
7
1 BALE.
HOTEL NATIONAL.
1 Opposite, the Central -Station.
1 Fipst-Class House with Modepate
Chapges. Lift.
J. WEIDMANN, Proprietor.
BASLE.
HOTEL HOFER.
Opposite the Central and Alsacian
Station.
C 03 IF 0 RTA RLE HO USE.
Moderate Charges. Central Heating.
G. STOFFEL, Proprietor.
BASLE.
HOTEL SGHRIEDER ZUM
DEUTSCHEN HOF.
APPOSITE the Baden Railway Station.
Lz Comfortable accommodation. Moderate
Charges. ERNE, Proprietor.
BASLE.
HOTEL BELNEBrHOF.
Finest and most convenient position, near
the Central Station. Excellent Cookery,
Choice Wines. Baths. Very moderate terms.
A, Geilenkirchen, Proprietor.
BAYEUX.
HOTEL DU LUXEMBOURG.
1 Reputed the best. Situated in the centre of the town, close to the Cathedral and
1 public buildings. Breakfast, 2 fr. 50 c.; Dinner, 3 fr. Rooms from 2 fr. Table d’Hote.
1 Restaurant a la Carte. Garden. Billiard-room. Recreation Ground. Carriages for
Excursions. ENGLISH SPOKEN.
a or
Station, with Private
entrance.
ROYAL HOTEL.
HIGH CLASS.
Overlooking the River
Torridge and Old Bridge.
BERLIN.
GIIAND HOTEL DE LOME,
UNTER DEN LINDEN, 39 (opposite the Royal Palace).
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. MODERATE CHARGES.
Proppietop ; ADOLF MUHLING, Purveyor to the Imperial Court.
BERNE.
BERNERFIOF HOTEL.
This beautiful First-clas3 Establishment is the most important and the best situated in the Town, at two
minutes’ walk from the Station, and close to the House of Parliament. It is surromided by a beautiful
frarden with a large terrace, and commands a full view of the Alps. Its superior interior arrangements,
the comfort of its Private Apartments, Public Parlours, Reading Saloon, etc., make it the most desirable
residence for English Familiei and single Travellers. Reduced Prices for protracted stays and in Winter
season. Lift. Electric Light. Billiard Table. KRAPI & SONS, Proprietors.
BIARRITZ.
HOTEIL VICTORIA.
Imperial Groatids, Grande Plage,
rpHIS FIRST-CLASS HOTEL replete with aU the latest improvements. Sanitary Arrangements by
Doulton. Fine situation opiio.site the British Club, in the Centre of the Best Promenades, and
near Golf Links. 150 Rooms and Saloons facing the Sea and Full South. Lift. Electric Light. Calori-
fere. Lawn Tennis. Renowned Cuisine. Carriages of all kinds. Moderate Charges.
_ .1. FOFItlVEAr.
BIARRITZ.
FIRST CLASS. Unique situation facing the Sea, Large Garden.* Bath Rooms and
Shower Baths. Billiard and Smoking Rooms. Lift. Electric Light. Centre of the Town
and Promenades. The comfort of the rooms and the careful attention to the cuisine and
service have given the establishment a wide world reputation.
MARCEL CAMPAGNE, Proprietor.
BIDEFORD. ^ . V, A.
Central for the whole of North Devon, Westward Ho, Clovelly, Hartland, Bude,
Ilfracombe, and Lynton.
Adjoining the Railway
Superbly furnished and lofty rooms. Ventilation and Sanitary arrangements perfect. Continental
Courtyard. Finest Stabling and Coach-honse in Devonshire. Delightful Winter Resort.
A portion of the house built in 1688 by an old merchant prince retains its magnificent oak staircase and
suite of rooms, in one of which Charles Kingsley wote a portion of “ Westward Ho.
8
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
BIDEFORD.
NEW INN FAMILY HOTEL.
The Oldest, Largest, and Principal Hotel in the Town.
Private Sitting Eooms, with excellent views. The House is pleasantly situated
in the centre of the Town, overlooking the river Torridge, and other Hotels. Has recently tindergon*
extensive additions and improvements. It Is well-known for its superior accommodation combined with
moderate charges. Proprietor of and Booking Office for the Clovelly and Bude Coaches in connection with
The L, <t S. W. Rjiilway. Hot and Cold Baths. Billi.ards, two tables. H. ASCOTT, Proprietor.
BLAIR ATHOLL.
AHJOINING TPIE STATION. ITHST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL.
BLAIR ATIIOLL is much the nearest ;ukI most central point from which to visit Killiecrankie,
the Queen's View, Loch Tummel, Raunoch, Glen Tilt, Braemar, the Falls of Bruar, Garry Tum-
mel, and Fender; the Grounds of Blair Castle, etc. ; and it is the moat convenient, restirig placa
for breaking the long railway journey to and from the Nortli of Scotland.
D. MACDONALD & SONS, Proprietors.
GRAND HOTEL DE BLOIS
EX' I>ES EAMIEEE!^.
TEE I B A. TJ ZD I IE G-Z (3- ZT O ZsT-
Highly recommended to Strangers.
VERY COMFORTABLE TABLE D’h6tE AND RESTAURANT.
Apartments for Families. Close to the Castle of Blois.
Comfortable Carriages for visiting Chambord and the Environs.
Moderate Charges. Baths in the Hotel. BeautifuhDining-room in Ulysse Pottery.
OMVIBUS AT THE STATION. ENGLISH SPOKEN. TELEPHONE.
BOULOGNE-SUR-MER.
GRIND HOTEL CHRISTOL
[AND
HOTEL BRISTOL.
First-Class Hotel and Restaurant. Highly Recommended.
Situated near ftlie Bailway Station and Steamers.
Mme. Vve. SAGHIER, Proprietress.
BOULOGNE-SUR-MER. j
HIOTEX.. 13>ES BAIWS.
3Ir. L. WALPPJT, JPro 2 }Hetor.
piRST-CLASS HOTEL, situated on the Port, facing the Railway Station and.
Z Steamers. Near the Post Olflee and Casino. Bath Booms. Advantageous
arrangements made for a stay.
BOULOGNE-SUR-MER.
FIRST CLASS. Recommended to Tourists. Select Company. Situated in the most
Central part. Choice Cuisine and Wines. Arrangements made for a protracted stay.
Electric Light. Telephone. Moderate Charges.
J. BOUTON-DEPORT, Proprietor.
1899.
MURRAY’S HA:sT)BOOK ADVERTISER.
9
LA BOURBOULE-LES-BAINS
(France).
GRAND HOTEL (le PARIS
The best in every respect.
Lift. Electric Light. Telephone.
Madame LEQUIME, Ppoprietress.
LA BOURBOULE-LES-BAINS
(France).
HOTEL ET VILLA WIEDICIS.
Considerably enlarged, very comfortable.
Electric Light, Telephone, Lift, Omnibus.
Several Private Villas to Let.
A. SENNEGY, Proprietor.
BRUNIG.
HOTEL KURHAUS BRUNIG, PENSION
3400 Feet above tire Sea.
Railway Station between Lucerne and
Interlaken.
MODERN SANITATION.
SPLENDID HEALTH RESORT.
Gordelingerstr. BRUNSWICK. Gbrdelingrerstr.
SCHRADER’S HOTEL.
OLD RENOWNED, EXCELLENT HOUSE.
ENTIRELY AND ELEGANTLY RENEWED.
Very Good Beds, Fine Cooldny,
ELECTRIC LIGHT. CENTRAL HEATING.
BRUNSWICK.
HOTEL DEUTSCHES HAUS.
P ROMINENT Central Location, opposite the Dome and the Castle
Dankwarderode, near the Residential Palace and the Theatre.
FIRST-CLASS HOUSE, NEWLY BUILT.
Openly situated on three sides. Fireproof.
EVERY MODERN COMFORT, MODERATE TERMS.
EOBEP.T SCHRADEE.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK
TO ALGERIA AND TUNIS.
By Col. Sir Lambert Playfair, K.C.M.G.,
H.B.M. Consul-Gen. for Algeria and Timia.
New Edition.
Numerons Maps and Plans. 10s. 6cZ.
BRUSSELS.
GRAND HOTEL, CERNAY.
Close to the Railway Station for Ostend,
Germany, Holland, Antwerp and Spa, form¬
ing the Corner of the Boulevards Botanique
et du Nord. Moderate charges. Baths in
the Hotel. Telephone.
BRUSSELS.
HOTEL DE L’UMVERS&DE SUEDE
Centre of Brussels.
First Class. Moderate Prices. Electric Light.
SCHOEFFTER-WIERTZ, Proprietor.
BRUSSELS. PLACE ROYALE.
In a flue open, healthy situation for families and gentlemen, entirely renovated. Near the KinT^ Palace,
, ^ ’ Park: Royal Museum, New Law Courts, and other places ot interest.
CUISIXE.
NOTED
ETS
EOli
Good Wiues, moderate Charges, and comfort. Hot and Cold Paths
Usrht. Otis Lilt.
Latest Sanitary .\ppliances. Electric
Tj. MESSIAEN. Proprietor.
10
MURKAY^S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER,
May,
BUXTON HYDROPATHIC
BUXTON, DERBYSHIRE.
Telegraphic Address, ‘^Comfortable,” Buxton. National Telephone, No. 5.
Apply, Mr. H. LOMAS.
QITUATED over One Thousand Feet above the sea level, sheltered from the north and
east, overlooking the Public Gardens, and close to the celebrated Mineral Wells and
Baths. Magnificeut Public Booms, American Elevator, Electric Light, Hydropathic Baths
of every description. Electric Baths, Massage, Electro-Massage, the Nauheim Treatment
and the Greville Hot Air Treatment.
TENNIS, GOLF, HUNTING, FISHING.
CINDERELLA DA|NCE EVERY SATURDAY THROUGHOUT THE YEAR.
CAEN.
HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE,
Rue St. Jean, Nos. 77, 79, 81.
F IRST-CLASS. Situated in the Centre of the Town. Rendezvous of the best Society.
100 elegantly Furnished and comfortable Bed Rooms and Sitting Rooms. Breakfasts
a la Carte. Table d’Hote Breakfasts at 3 francs; Dinner at Table d’Hote, 4 francs. Suites
of Apartments for Families. Electric Light throughout. Baths. Telephone._
CAEN.
HOTEL D’ESPAGNE.
"C^IRST-CLASS. Very Comfortable. Recommended by Baedeker’s
“L Guide. Moderate Charges. Breakfast, 2 s. and 2 s. Gd. ; Dinner, 2 s. 6 c 7 . to
7 s. Qd., wine, cyder, and soda water included ; Bedroom from 2 s. The Pro¬
prietor speaks Engli.sh and French ; he is a Iilember of the Cyclists’ Touring
Club, London. _ E. RENAUX, Proprietor.
Strictly First-Class, situated full South, right opposite the famous
Esbekieh Gardens. Perfect Sanitary Arrangements. Electric Light
throughout. Charges exceptionally moderate. Evening dress for
dinner optional.
C. AQUILINA (late of Thos. Cook & Son), Proprietor.
CANARY ISLANDS.
SANTA CATALINA HOTEL,
JjAS PALMAS.
Facing the Sea. Surrounded by its own beautiful gardens. Sanitary arrangements perfect.
Private Sitting Rooms and complete Suites of A))artments. Resident English Physician and
Nurse. Near English Church, Golf Links, Tennis, &c. Address—THE UANAR\ ISLANDS
COMPANY, Limited, 1, Laurence Pountne.v Hill, London, E.C.
CANNES.
HOTEL ET PENSION DE HCLLANDE ET
DE RUSSSE.
High ]?osition, full soutli, in a magnificent Park,
L5 minutes from the Sea, and close to St. Paul’s
Church. Tram-Omnibus to and from the Town.
Electric Light. Telephone. Moderate Charges.
N. B.—Sanitary arrangements are perfect and with
latest improvements. H. ADAM, ProprieU/r.
In Summer —Gd. HOTEL GOESCHENEX,
at Goesclienen, St. Gothard Line.
CANNES.
Hotel Pension and Villa de la Tour.
^yelI situated. West end, Cannes. Highly
recommended and consi<lered as one of the
most comfortable Family Houses. Arrange¬
ments for short or long stays. Telephone^
Tennis. Electric Trams to and from the Town’
E. RENZ, Proprietor.
COBLENTZ.
GIANT HOTEL-HOTEL DU GEANT.
tpHE best situated First-Class Hotel, just opposite
^ the landing-place of the Steamboats and
Fortress Ehrenbreitstein. Excellent Cuisine and
Cellar. Moderate Charges. Reduction for a long
residence. Lift. Electric Light,
Ch. H. EISENMANN, Proprietor.
WHYMPER'S GUIDE TO
OKAMONIX AND MONT BLANC
Crown 8vo., 3 s. net.
London : JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle St.
1899.
MURRAY*S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
11
PARI Q R A n
SAVOY WEST-END HOTEL
Uomured hy H.R.H. The Prince of iraZes, H.I.H. Grand Duke of Russia,
H.R.H. Princess of Saxe Coburg-Gothu, dr.
T HIS! HOTEL is constructed and fitted up on the most approved
principles of modern high-class Hotels. It is situated on the Schloss-
berg opposite the American Park, in the healthiest position of Carlsbad,
and is central to all the different Springs. First-class Restaurant, Grill
Room, Ladies’ Saloon, Reading and Smoking Rooms. Garden, Verandah,
Terrace, Electric Light, Lift. The new Cleopatra Villa in connection
with the Hotel will be opened 1 st May.
AULICIE & G. NUXGOVICH,
Of ttie Continental Hotel and Ang’leterre, Cairo, Egypt.
CARLSBAD (Bohemia).
FIRST CLASS HOUSE,
With every comfort of modern times,
I IN THE BEST PART OF THE TOWN AND NEXT
TO THE SPRINGS AND BATHS.
EXCELLENT TABLE. LIFT. ELECTRIC LIGHT. TELEPHONE.
Telegrams: KROH, CARLSBAD.
I .. . CARLSBAD.
i HOTEL BRISTOL
I With Depeiidance, VILLA VICTORIA.
I FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, best location, close to Springs and Baths.
I Standing in its own grounds.
MUCH FREQUENTED BY ENGLISH AND AMERICANS.
* Dining, Smoking and Reading Rooms.
VERANDAH. LIFT. ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT. BATHS.
Telegrams “Bristol, Carlsbad.”
CARLSBAD.
ANGER’S HOTEL.
(Branch, RHEIN HOTEL.)
These two first-class Hotels offer special comfort to English and
American Travellers, who will find them most desirable residences.
Charges moderate. Deservedly recommended.
English and American Newspapers. Baths, Carriages, Omnibus,
Hydraulic Lift, Electric Light.
F IRS T-C L xi S S It i: S1 xi UIt xi X T.
12
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
CARLSBAD.
GRAND HOTEL PUPP.
JpIEST-CLASS HOTEL, recently built and splendidly
furnished, situated in the best part of Carlsbad, opposite the new
baths and close to the Springs. Much frequented by English and
American yisitors. Unrivalled Dining, Heading, Smoking and Music
Rooms, Electric Lighting, Baths, Otis Lift.
Telegraphic Address; PUPP, CARLSBAD,
CARLSBAD.
HOTEL KONIGSVILLA
AND VILLA TERESA.
FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL, prominent central location, close to
the Springs and Baths, standing in its own grounds.
DINING, SMOKING, AND READING ROOMS, VERANDAH. LIFT, ELECTRIC
LIGHT THROUGHOUT, BATHS.
April and May—August and September—Reduced Prices.
Telegrams Konigsvilla, Carlsbad.
COLOMBO, CEYLON.
BRISTOL HOTEL.
In proximity to the
Landing Jetty, the
Post and Telegraph
Offices, Banks and
Railway Station^.
The only Hotel fitted
throughout with
Electric Light and
Electric Bells. I
Renowned for its
Cuisine, which is in ;
charge of a French
Chef. The Hotel
combines the comfort of a Home with the luxury of a First-class
Hotel in Europe.
Hotel Peon meets all the Steamers and takes charge of Luggage.
TERMS MODERATE.
Telegrams: “ Bristol,” Ceylon. P. WERNHIl, Manager.
1899
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
13
COMO.
GRAND HOTEL VOLTA
VERY FIRST-CLASS HOTEL.
On the Border of thb Lake.
ROOM, LIGHT, & ATTENDANCE,
From 3 francs.
COPENHAGEN.
HOTEL LINNEIVIANN.
Peder Skramsgade, 1.
Close by the Steamers, the Royal Theatre,
and King’s New Market, and to Tramways
to all patts of Copenhagen and Suburbs.
Rooms from 1.50 Kr. per day.
F. LINNEMANN, Proprietor.
CONSTANTINE (ALGERIA).
THE GRAND HOTEL.
F inest and most Central Position in the Town. Com¬
pletely Renovated. Magnificent Dining and Reception
Rooms to seat 300 people. Batlis and Telephone in the
Hotel. Interpreter and Omnibus to every Train. Noted
C. LflGEY, Proprietor.
CONSTANTINOPLE.
GRAND HOTEL DE LONDRES.
HOTHllL. :BRIS'rOILi.
GRAND HOTEL D’ANGLETEHRE 8i ROYAL
{,T. MISSIRIE).
HOTEL BYZANCE.
All these First-Class Hotels have a glorious view, and are replete witli
every modern comfort. Drainage and Sanitary Arrangements on English
Principles. First-Class French and English Cuisine.
COPENHAGEN.
Vestre Boulevard.
COPENHAGEN.
F IRST-CLASS HOTEL. Opened in 1898. loO elegantly furnished Rooms and Salons
from 2 Kr., Electric Light and Attendance Included. Magnificent situation, over¬
looking Park and Boulevard, and only three minutes from Railway Station and Tivoli.
Finest Restaurant, Cafe, and Reading Rooms. RIERRE NIEESEN, Rroprietor.
N.B.—Only Hotel in Copenhagen with English Bath and Toilet Rooms on several floors.
COUTANCES. ~
GRAND HOTEL des TROIS ROIS
rpHE moat comfortable and the best frequented.
The only Hotel facing the Cathedral. First-
claea Cuisine. Very moderate Terms. Dark Room
for Photographers. Cycle Room. Omnibus meets
aU Trains. Hr. GUZNAUD,
Ei-Chef de Cuisine, Proprietor.
DINANT-STTE-MEUSE.
HOTEL DE LA TETE D’OR.
ALEXIS DISIERE, Proprietor.
FIRST-CLASS, upon the GRAND PLACE.
Is to be recommended for Its comfort.
Pension from 8 or 9 francs per day.
COUTANCES.
HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE.
Refurnished with every comfort. Re¬
commended to Families. Moderate Prices,
Omnibus meets all Trains, Storage for
Cycles. BRIENS, Proprietor.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK
TO DENMARK AND ICELAND.
New Edition.
NLm:rou8 Maps and Plans. 7i. 6 (i,
14
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
GRAND HOTEL, DELHI.
UNDER EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT.
First-Class Hotel for Travellers to India,
closest to Railway Station (and all).
COOK’S COUPONS ACCEPTED.
DIEPPE.
Facing the Beach, close to the Bathing Establishment and the Parade.
TT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ESTABLISHMENT AND ONE
-L OF THE MOST PLEASANTLY SITUATED HOTELS IN DIEPPE, commanding
a beautiful and extensive View of the Sea. Families and Gentlemen visiting Dieppe will
find at this Establishment elegant Large and Small Apartments, and the best of accom¬
modation, at very reasonable prices. Large Reading Room, with French and English
Newspapers. The Refreshments, &c., are of the best quality. In fact, this Hotel fully
bears out and deserves the favourable opinion expressed of it in Murray’s and other
Guide Books. LAESONNEUX, Proprietor.
Table d'Edte and Private Dinners. The only Hotel in Dieppe ■with a lift.
DIEPPE.
HOTEi:-.
On the Beach, fronting the Sea.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. Salle a Manger on the Terrace
overlooking the Sea.
Most Comfortable, with Moderate Prices.
Arrangements made "with Families. Baths in the Hotel. Table d’Hote.
Restaurant a la Carte. Telephone. Electric Light.
G. DUCOTJDERT, Proprietor.
DINARD.
10 Hours from Southamjttou
(via Saint-Halo),
The Most Fashionable Summer and Winter Resort in the
WEST OF FRANCE. Noted for its Mild Climate in Winter.
GOLF, TENNIS, CRICKET, CYCLING, ETC.
JOHN LE COCQ, Banker, House and Estate Agent.
DINARD. ltS~ DlNAN-PARAMl
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
15
DINARD.
F. GILBERT SMITH, Banker, ■
House Agent; Tea, Wine, and Spirit Merchant. '
Full particulars of Furnished Houses to Let sent free on application. !
Lift.
DRESDEN.
Electkic Light.
s
BISMARCKPLATZ, 7, near the central station.
PLENDID^situation in the English Quarter. Greatly patronised by English and American families.
Every home comfort. Rooms from 2 marks, everything included. Pension arrangements.
G. WENTZEL, Proprietor.
HOTEL.
Eloctric Light. Hydraulic Passenger Elevator.
HOTEL CONTINENTAL,
Ij’IRST-CLASS HOUSE, newly opened, opposite Central Station. Finest part. Latest
r improvements. Fine Garden. Electric Light and Steam Heating in every room.
Lift. Kooms from Two Marks. Pension Terms. Highly recommended to American and
English families. Managed by the Proprietor, MAX OTTO.
Charmijig situation, overlooking Stephoi's
Green Park. Most Central Position,
Moderate Charges.
ENGELBERG.
THE VALLEY OF ENGELBERG (3200 ft. high), near Lucerne.
Season 15th May—30th September.
HOTEL SONNENBERG.
T he property of Mr. H. HUG. Summer stay unrivalled by its grand
Alpine scenery. Clear bracing air, equable temperature. Recommended by the highest
medical authorities. The HOTEL SONNENBERG, in the finest and healthiest situation
facing the Titlls and the Glaciers, is one of the most comfortable and best managed hotels
in Switzerland. Lawn Tennis Ground. Excellent and central place for sketching, botan-
islng, and the most varied and interesting excursions. The ascent of the Tltlis is best
made from here. Shady Woods. Vapour and Shower Baths. Waterspring 5° R.; 200 Rooms.
Pension from £2 6». a week upwards. Because of its so sheltered situation specially adapted
for a stay in May and June. Resident English Physician.
16
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
ENGELBERG, SWITZERLAND.
I KURHAU8 HOTEL AND PENSION TITLI8,
I THIRST-CLASS HOTEL, best situated in the valley, in the middle of an
J- extensive garden. 240 Beds. Large sitting-rooms. Lift. Electric
Light in all the rooms. English Chapel in the garden. Good
attendance. Moderate charges. Cook tickets taken. Open from 1 st May
until 1st October.
OES;-O* K A. 3W S'd?'A.I- T-
This new first-class Hydropathic Establishment with 250 Beds, two Lifts,
Electric Light in all the rooms, Central Heating, opposite to the Hotel Titlis,
will be open on the 1 st June. The building is fitted up to the most recent
hygienic principles. The various medical appliances fulfil the utmost
demands of modern seienee and furnish everything necessary for hydropathic,
mechanical and electric treatment. For illustrated prospectus and tariff
please apply to the Proprietor, Ed. CATTANI.
ENGELBERG, SWITZERLAND.
HOTEL AHO PENSION NATIONAL
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. 150 BEDS.
Electric Light. Bath Rooms on every Floor. Pension from Seven Francs
a day and upwards.
FRAU DR. mUlLER, Proprietor.
ENGELBERG, SWITZERLAND.
WELL KNOWN HOTEL WITH GOOD ACCOMMODATION, CONTAINING 100 BEDS.
Conversation Saloon, Pteading and Smoking Rooms. Electric Light. Baths. Pension:
6 f to 8 frs. a day, everything included. Reduced prices In June and September.
Omnibus at Railway Station. Frz. WYRSCH-CATTANI, Manager,
EXETER, DEVONSHIRE,
POPLE’S NEW LONDON HOTEL
Patronised bt H.R.H. The Prince op Wales.
A DJOINING Northemhay Park and near the Cathedral. Large
covered Continental Courtyard. Cuisine and Wines a great feature.
Table d’Hote. Night Porter. Hotel Omnibuses and Cabs.
POSTING ESTABLISHMENT.
FRAN KFORT-ON-TH E-MAIN.
Opposite the Central Railway Station.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL.
Lift. Electric Light. Caloriferes.
K. PRANK, Proprietor.
1899 .
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER,
17
FRAN KFORT-ON-THE-M AIN.
This First-Class Hotel, with a beautiful large garden, is the nearest to the Station (on arriving turn to
the right), with every comfort and moderate charges. Electric Light. Central Steam Heating. Lift.
Telephone No. 2924. Hot and Cold Baths.
Rooms from 2 Marks upwards, Light and Attendance included.
FRED. SCHMUTZ, PKorRiExoR.
(Formerly for many years Head Waiter at the Hotel de Paris, Strasbourg, Alsace )
FRAN ZEN BAD.
106-108, SALZQUELLSTRASSE.
"^EWEST LARGE HOTEL and PENSION, with elegant Dining and Reading Rooms.
IN Own Park, with Lawn Tennis Ground. Patronised by Members of Imperial and
Royal Families, and by the Aristocracy.
Under personal Management of the Proprietor, T. F. KOPP.
FREIBURG (in Breisgau, Baden).
HOTEL VICTORIA.
Near the Station, Post, and Telegraph
OfBces. Best Situation. Good Attendance.
Moderate Charges. Pension.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOKS.
"The general quality of Murray, the
scientific character of the information, the
accuracy and interest of the historical par¬
ticulars, to say nothing of the lowness of
the price, place his guides far ahead of
any competitors.”— Saturday Review.
FltEUDENSTADT. { 2 ,GOO feet above sea.)
RAILWAY-LINE STUTTGART, OFFENBURG, STRASBURG.
I^IRST-CLASS HOT^, in most health.y position on a charming hill, in the middle of a
beautiful Park. Electric Light.
Best centre for excursions.
Lawn Tennis. Sanitary Arrangements Perfect.
ERNEST LUZ, Junior, Proprietor.
GENEVA.
HOTEL PEHSlOH FLEISCHMAM
Rond Point de Plainpalais.
Near the Bastion Park. Fine situation.
MODERATE CEAROES.
Electric Light. Baths.
GOSCHENEN (St. Gothard Line).
HOTEL AND PENSION GOSCHENEN.
(Opjjosite the Station).
Firgt-Class Hotel, 80 Booms and Saloons Billiard,
Smoking Room, Bath Rooms, splendid Garden.
Table d’hbte at 12.30 and 7 p.m. Meals h la carto
at any time. Carriages at the Hotel for excursions.
Return carriages to the Rhone Glacier, Brigue,
Disentis, Coire, etc. Omnibus at the Station.
Eng. ADAM, Propi-ietor.
GENEVA.
HOTEL PENSION VICTORIA
(FORMERLY HOTEL FLAEGEL)
Finest situation, near the English Garden. Splendid view of the Lake and the Alps.
Moderate Charges. Electric Light. Omnibus at the Station. Lift. Baths.
_CENTRAL HEATING- W. NIESS, Proprietor.
GENEVA.
GRAND HOTEL DE LA PAIX.
F IRST-CLASS, 200 Rooms, central and finest situation in front of the
Lake and Mont Blanc. FRED WEBER, Proprietor and Manager.
Telegraphic Address : " Hotel Paix, Geneva.”
GRINDELWALD (Switzerland).
Alpine Itesort.
THE BEAR AND BLACK EAGLE HOTELS.
■pEBUILT on a magnificent scale, specially arranged and furnished to
-tL afford visitors every modern ccmfort. Summer and Winter Season. Under the
experienced management of _ BOSS BliOTHERS, Troprictors.
0
18
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
HARROGATE.
‘‘THE GBANBY.”
FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL, facing the Stray. Every accommodation
for visitors and Tourists. Carriages to Wells and Baths every morning free of
charge. Good Stabling. Carriages on Hire. Tennis Court in the Grounds.
ELECTRIC LIGHT. ELEVATOR TO ALL FLOORS. STAKDING FOR CYCLES.
W. H. MILNER, Director.
HAVRE.
HOTEL CONTINENTAL
First-Class Hotel in the finest situation in Havre,
facing the Jetty. Large and small apartments.
Table d’hfite. Restanrant k, la carte. English
SiKiken. Telephone 226.
Vve. BLOITET, Proprietor.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK
TO IRELAND.
Fifth Edition.
With 19 Maps and Plans. 9s.
HAVRE.
HOTEL D’ANGLETBREE,
RUE DE PARIS, 124-126.
E xceedingly well situated in the best quarter of the Town
and recommended for its Comfort and Moderate Charges. Apart¬
ments for Families. Music and Conversation Saloons. Rooms from 2 to
5 francs. Restaurant a la Carte. Table d’hote. Breakfast, 2 fr. 50c.
Dinners, 3 frs.
ENGLISH AND GERMAN SPOKEN.
GBELL^, Proprietor.
HEIDELBERG.
HOTEL ITICTORIA.
First-Class Hotel in every respect. Exceedingly well situated.
Beautiful Verandah and large Garden at the back of the House.
Advantageous arrangements made with families intending a longer stay.
Highly recommended.
HEIDELBERG.
HOTEL SCHRIEDER.
WIRST-CLASS HOTEL, nearest to the Station. Large Garden with covered Verandah,
.t- All Visitors’ Rooms face the Garden. Oldest Hotel in the town, entirely renovate.d.
Rooms from 2‘60 to 5 marks, including light and attendance. Arrangements made for
prolonged stay. O. SUTTERLIN, new Proprietor.
HEIDEN
SWITZERLAND, Ct. Appenzell,
2700 feet above sea-level.
Beautiful village, overlooking the lake of Constance. Exquisite
health resort. Bracing Climate.
FREIHOF& SCHWEIZERHOF
FIRST-CLASS HOTELS.
Extensive own grounds, shady park, wonderful view. Affords every home comfort.
First rate cuisine. Sanitary arrangements. Lawns for tennis, croquet, bowls. Dances.
Casino with dally concerts. English service. Goats’ Whey. Baths and Hydropathic
Establishment. Electricity. Massage. Gymnastics. Milk from own farm.
Terms moderate. Pension. Advantageous arrangements. Prospectus, illustrated.
Season.^May—October. Propr. ALTH ERR-SI MOND.,
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER,
19
GRAND HOTEL
Victoria.
First-class. Unrivalled for
its great comfort. 400 Beds.
Electric Light throughout.
Lawn Tennis Grounds.
Concerts. Balls. First-class
Restaurant.
EDi RUCHTI, Adminisirateur. \
GRAND HOTEL
Jungfrau.
First-lass. Electric Light
throughout. 300 Beds.
Rooms from Three Francs.
First - class Restaurant.
Grill-room.
ED. SEILER, Manager.
HILDESHEIM.
HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE.
Pirst-Glass House, situated in the centre of the Town.
} BATHS IN THE HOUSE. OMNIBUS AT THE STATION.
CENTRAL HEATING APPARATUS.
50 Rooms and Saloons fitted up with every comfort
of modern times. English Newspapers,
C. HEERDT.
INTERLAKEN.
0 2
20
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
Thirty-one hours from London, via Arlberg, to Innsbruck. Through tickets
and luggage registered through. Twenty-three hours from Paris.
HOTEL KREID.
(Next the Station.)
SECOND CLASS.
The above Hotel offers Pension
at the most moderate terms for
the Winter Season, according to
rooms, from fl..3 upwards, rooms
included.
RICHLY ILLUSTRATED GUIDES of INNSBRUCK sent on application, by the
Proprietors of above Hotels, free of charge.
T he beautiful and shelteeed
situation of INNSBRUCK renders
it a very agreeable place of resi¬
dence all the year round. In
spring as well as in autumn it is especially
to be recommended as a stopping place
between the different watering places.
It is also to be recommended after a
sojourn at the sea-side.
Innsbruck is the centre from which
many splendid excursions can be made
in every direction, and of any length.
Attractive walks in the immediate neigh¬
bourhood of the town.and the different
elevations.
The climate in Winter, dry, strengthening,
sunny, free from cold winds and fogs, has
attracted many visitors of late years, and
among those who have found the greatest
relief are weak, convalescent, nervous,
aijpetiteless, and sleepless persons.
N.B.—University, Grammar, Music, and
other schools. Private Lessons of every
kind are available, so that studies can be
continued and the education of children
HOTEL
Oi L’EUROPE.
First-Class
Establishment.
Affords every Modern Comfort.
Electric Light in
Every PtOOM.
STEAM AND OTHER BATHS.
Anton Hanreich, Proprietor.
HOTEL
OOLDENE SONNE
(Opposite the Station.)
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL.
RENOWNED FOR ITS SUPERIOR
ICUISINE AND WINE.
“Restaurateur” of the South
Railway Station.
CARL BEER, Proprietor.
HOTEL TYROL.
FI JR ST- CLASS
HOTEL.
(Opposite the Railway Station.)
CARL LANDSEE,
Proprietor.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
21
INTERLAKEN.
RUGEN HOTEL, JUNGFRAUBLICK.
, to be confounded with HOTEL JUXGFRAU.
Hignly respected and fashionable First-class Family Hotel. Situated in the highest and
healthiest part of Interlaken. Beautiful views of the Glaciers and the Lakes. Very quiet
position. Dustfree. Extensive walks in a large fir-tree forest. Lift. Electric Light in all
the rooms. j, OESCH-MULLER, Proprietor and Manager.
Branch House, Winter Season, Continental Cannes.
INTERLAKEN.
GRAND HOTEL DES ALPES.
200 BEDS. Opposite thq Jungfrau, on the Principal Promenade (Huheweg).
First-elass Family Boarding House. Moderate Terms. Personally conducted
by the Proprietor— T. MATTI.
INTERLAKEN.
Grand Hotel
M6tropole.
ISCHL (Austria).
Hotel Goldenes
Facing the Imp-rial Villa. With Mountain
View. Every Modern Comfort.
Fred. EDLINGER, New Proprietor.
AN XDBAI. POSITION.
A. o o HOC B :e3 3Ea: o n?” DES X4I.
THE PEINCIPAL AND ONLY-HOTEL ON THE SEA SHOEE.
rpHE Finest Private Marine Esplanade in the Kingdom. Unrivalled Sea Frontage and open Surroundings.
Ground!, Five Acres. 250 Aparlmenls. I,awn Tennis, Croquet Lawn. Elegant Salle a Manger. Drawing,
Eeading, Smoking and Billiard Eooms, and Sumptuous Lounge Hall on the Ground Floor. Passenger
Lift. Moderate Tariff. There is attached to the Hotel one of the Largest Swimming Baths in the United
Kingdom (the temperature of wliich is regulated). .^Iso well-appointed Private Hot and Cold Sea and
Fresh Water Baths, Douche. Shower, &c. H. R. GROVER, Manager,
The Ilfracombe Hotel Go., Lid. To whom all communications should be addressed.
ILFRACOMBE.
FIRST-CLASS BOAROINQ HOUSE WITH MAGNIFICENT SEA VIEWS.
42 BEDROOMS. BATHS. BALCONIES. BILLIARDS.
BIJOU Gmidc lAratis.
W. R. FOSTER, Proprietor.
Finest Ora'tviiisr Boom in Town.
Special Sanitary Certificate.
HOTEL GERMANIA
Opposite the Railway Station and near Steamboat Landing. Post and
Telegraph Office next to the House. Telephone No. 28. Table d’Hote
at 1 o’clock. Separate Dinners and Meals a la Carte at all hours.
Excellent Table. Kiel and Munich Beer. Dining Halls, Breakfast and
Smoking Rooms on the Ground Floor. Restaurant Cafe with Billiards
belonging to the Hotel, and respectfully recommended.
KISSINGEN SPA.
C OMPLETELY Reconstructed aud Renewed. English and American Residence.
Only Hotel in Kissengen with Electric Light iu every room. Electric Lift.
Excellent Sanitary Arrangements. Baths. Large Garden. Fine Open Situation opposite
the Springs and Cur Garden. 140 Rooms.
22
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
KONIGSWINTER (Petersberg), Rhine.
HOTEL ON THE PETERSBERG.
One of the most beautiful mountains of the Siebengebirge.
nNTIEET.Y new building and every comfort. Airy lodging-rooms and Saloons with a
Tj fine view, large dining and restaurant rooms. Large plateau with forest and parks,
and beantiful shady promenades. Magnificent views in greater variety than froin any
other point of the Seven Mountains. Every Wednesday, jililitary Free Concert. Table
d’llote at 1.15 o’clock ; Dinners and Suppers at any hour. Acknowledged good cuisine and
choice wines. Post and Telegraph in the house. WW6. PETER JOS. NELLES. _
Address for letters and telegrams: Nelles, Petersberg (Rhine). Comniunication
with Konigsv\ int^r directly by a Cog-wheel Kaihvay. Correspouds with all trains of the
State Eailw’ay and Steamers.
KOPENHAGEN.
HOTEL Kmm
KOPENHAGEN.
VON DAHEiilRK.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL,
With 100 elegantly-furnished Rooms and Saloons from 2 kr. upwards. Preferred by the
travelling public because of its central and open location, overlooking the King's
Square.
In the Hotel large newly-furnished only VIENXA CAFE, with Restaurant and Con¬
fectioner’s Shop; in summer with tables and chairs in the open air. Large selection of
German, French and English Newspapers. German AV’'aiters. Moderate Prices. Electric
Light. Lift. Table d’hote at 4 o’clock. Sample Rooms for travelling salesmen. Newly
fitted water-closets. Hotel Omnibus at the Railroad Depot.
Latest Sanitary Arrangements. R. KLitjM, Proprietor.
KREUZNACH. ^
HOTEL ORANlENHOF (First Class).
F inest situation in its own extensive grounds; a well known and extensively patronised
Establishment. Visited bj" Royalty. Every English comfort. Electric Light, Lift,
Lawn Tennis, Conversation, Reading and Billiard Rooms. Mineral Baths.
derate: charges.
H. D. ALTEN (formerly at Menrice’s, Paris).
LISBON.
HOTEL DURAND (Engllsli Hotel)
LARGO no OUINTELLA.
FIRST CLASS ESTABLISHMENT.
Situated in the most central part of the Town.
Highly recommended for its comfort and moderate
charges. Beading Room. Several languages spoken.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK
TO THE MEDITERRANEAN.
Its Principal Islands, Cities, Seaports,
Harbours, and Border Lands.
With nearly 5U IMaps and Plans.
Two Farts. Post 8vo. 21.s.
LOCARNO.
TERMINUS of the UOTHARD
RAILWAY on LAUO MAGGIORE.
JNE GRAHD HOTEL
BEST STOPPING PLACE on the
ITALIAN LAKES.
27 hrs. from London. 17 hrs. from
Paris. 4 hrs. from Milan. 7 hrs.
from Genoa. 5 hrs. from Lucerne.
OPEN the whole year. Most luxurious and comfortable home for all
the seasons in Italy or Switzerland. Patronised by all the Royal families. Unrivalled
situation in the finest climate of Europe; without snow, wind or fog, but with plenty of
sunshine. Entirely adapted for winter residence. Pronounced by the
body Physician of H.M. The King of Bavaria and University—Prof. Alots Maktin— to be
the healthiest and best All Seasons Resort. Beautiful walks and mountain excursions.
English Church, Doctor, Society. Lift. Private Steamer and Carriages for visitors.
Exquisite Cuisine. Moderate charges. Electric Light in every room. Golf.
Messrs. BAEEX, Proprietors.
1891*
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER
23
LUCERNE.
HOTEL DU LAC.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL.
Magnificent Establishment, recently enlarged by a New Wing of 100 Rooms.
300 Beds. Splendid situation on the Lake, where the River Reuss issues from
it. Next to the General Post Ofiice. Close to the Railway Station and Steam¬
boat Pier. This Establishment has every modern comfort. Lift, Electric
Light, Central Steam Heating. Baths de Luxe, open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Beautiful Marble Vestibule and Staircase in the Italian Renaissance.-
PENSION ARRANGEMENTS FOR A LONG STAY.
OPEN ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
Proprietors: SPILLilAXX i SICKEP.T.
LUCERNE.
Hotels Sclifeizerliot and Luzernerliol
l^ir*s1:-"01ass JBLotels.
IN THE BEST SITUATION on the LAKE and PROMENADE.
600 BEDS.
LIPT AND ELEOTEIO LIGHT IN BOTH HOTELS.
ARRANGEMENT EN PENSION WITH PROTRACTED STAY (EXCLUSIVE OF
JULY AND AUGUST).
SCHWEIZEEHOF OPEN ALL THE YEAE.
WITH GOOD WARMING SYSTEM.
Proprietors, HAUSER BROTHERS.
:S4
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
LUGANO-CT. TESSIN.
(SWITZERLAND.)
HOTEL METROPOLE
VILLA ENDERLIN. Lift.
HOTEL LUGANO,
A. BROCCA, Proprietor.
LUGANO (Switzerland).
HOTEL ST. GOTTHARD.
Splendid View of the Town and
Lake. Near the Station.
MODERATE TERMS.
MIRALDI BROTHERS, Proprietors.
LYNTON, NORTH DEVON.
ROYAL CASTLE FAMILY HOTEL
Patronised by the English and Continental Boyal Families.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, especially favourite and attrac¬
tive. Table d’Hote, Reading and Drawing Rooms. New Smoking
and Billiard Pavilions, all Facing the Sea. Magnificent Views, and
Ornamental Grounds of Twelve Acres. ELECTRIC LIGHTING-.
THOS. BAKER, Proprietor.
3L, -32^ O !«■
BEST HOTEL IN FINEST SITUATION.
THE GRAND HOTEL.
THE MOST POPULAR AND FASHIONABLE.
The Only Hotel at Lyons conducted on English Principles,
MACOLIN (Lake of Bienne), Switzerland.
V travelling through BIENNE (Jura-Simplon Ry.) Is entitled to
1 jYJuX\XXJw 1/X break his journey and should not fail to take the Funiculaire
(1873 yds., up and down, 1 fr. 50 c.) to Macclin, 3,000 feet. Just the place to stay in
Spring and Autumn. See Baedeker and Bradshaw. Grandest View. Sheltered position.
Over 1,000 Acres of Woods. Numerous Excursions. Cheap Carriages. Tauhenloch
Gorges surpassing in loveliness those of Meiringen, Island of St. Pierre. Passion Play
Selzach.
THE GRAND or KURHAUS.
Entirely Fireproof. 90 Bedrooms, 40 with Balconies. Perfect Sanitary Arrangements.
Superior Cooking. Late Dinner. Every Comfort. Post, Telegraph, Telephone, in the
Hotel. English Chaplain and R^'t-ident Physician. Coupons taken. Tennis Court.
Letters and Telegrams—“ Kurhaus Macolin (Swiiz).” Reduced Terms till July 15th
and from September 1st._ Proprietor and Manager, A. WAELLY.
MACON.
GRAND HOTEL DE L’EUROPE AND D’ANGLETERRE.
F IRST-CLASS HOTEL. For Families and Tourists. Large and Comfortable. Sunny
and Eastern aspect. This Magnificent Establishment is situated in the Valley of the
River Saone with a splendid Panoramic View, including that of Mont Blanc. Wines for
sale. Omnibus meets all trains. Sj^ecial Terms for Motor Cars.
_ROUSSET-FOREST, Propj-ietor.
MALMO.
Propkietor : I. F. H. HORN, from Hamburg.
Renowned First class House in the most beautiful central location of the town, opposite
the Railw^ay Station and the port. Every comfort of modern times at moderate terms.
Ijarge Vienna Cafe with daily Orchestra Concerts. Hotel Restaurant. Baths. Carriages.
Dinners kept ready for through-travellers to Stockholm and the interior of Sweden.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. v5
ZME ^ X> 3E3 3 ; 3E& uA. (Funchal).
_ _ 3i DAYS’ VOY'AGE.
OJE3 Xa IS.
(Established 1850.) Telegraphic Address: “REID, PinsrCHAL.”
By appointment to H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh.
REID’S NEW HOTEL AND ANNEXES. —Situated on the Cliffs to the west of Funchal, on the
New Road, overlooking the Sea. Grand view of the Mountains. Sea bathing and boating.
SANTA CLARA HOTEL AND ANNEXES.— “Admirably situated, overlooking Funchal;, flue
view of the mountains and sea.” —Vide liemieU's Guide to Madeira.
CARMO HOTEL. —In sheltered central position.
These FIRST CLASS HO PELS afford every comfort for families and traveller's. Excellent Cuisine and
choice wines. Electric Light throughout. Tennis Courts, large gardens, baths, reading and smoking
rooms. English and German newspapers. Billiards. The SANITARY arrangements have been carried
out by the Banner Sanitation Co., of London. All Steamers met.
Pamphlet Free. Apply to F. PASSMORE, 124, Cheapside, London ; jMessrs. J. & II. LINDSAY,
7, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh ; HOTEL TARIFF BUREAU, 96, Regent Street, London, IV. ; and
at the STEAMSHIP COMPANY’S OFFICES, or IVILLIAM REID, Madeira.
Finest Situation in the N/S A C I D A Hundred & Fifty
Island. «VI /A ^ i lirA. Feet above Sea-level.
JONES’ BELLA VISTA HOTEL
Splendid View of Sea, Mountains, and Valley. The only Hotel with
three acres of level garden ground attached. Tennis Court; Drawing
and Billiard Kooms; Fifty Bed Rooms. Electric Light throughout Hotel
and Grounds. Special Terms for Families. Telegraphic Address: “ Sans-
pareil, Madeira.” Illustrated Pamphlet free from Hotel Tariff Bureau,
96, Regent Street, London; E. G. Wood, 7-1, Cheapside, London; Rogers
& Co., 6, Oldhall Street, Liverpool; H. F. Dilley, 3a, Newington Road,
Edinburgh; and F. C. Haym’ARD, 52, Union Passage, Birmingham.
Terms on application.EUGENE E. JONES, Proprietor.
MARIENBAD.
FIRST-CLASS HOUSE. Patronised by English. Elevated position next
the Principal Springs and Bath-Establishments, Numerous single and double
bedrooms. Suites of large and any Private Apartments. Moderate charges.
Arrangements for longer stay. Electric Light, Baths, Telephone, Lawn-Tennis.
Comt-Omnihus meets ail trains. t. HAMMERSCHMID, Proprietor.
MARIENBAD.
HOTEL KLINGER.
1?IRST and Largest Hotel, with private houses, HALBMAYR’S HOUSE,
-L MAXHOF No. 100, and the newly-rebuilt HOTEL KLINGER. Most beautifully
situated in this Health Resort. Corner house of the Promenade on the Kreuzbrunnen
and the Park, commanding a charming view. Newly and elegantly furnished. 350
Rooms and Saloons. Conversation and Smoking Rooms. Electric Lighting. Three new
Accumulator Lilts of the newest system. Table d’Hote and a la Carte. Meals sent out
into private houses as per arrangement and a la carte.
Carriages at the Hotel. Omnibus at the Station.
__J. A. HALiBMAYB, Proprietor.
MENTONE.
GRAND HOTEL DE VENISE.
ASCENSEUR. EZFT.
FIRST-CLASS ENGLISH HOUSE, situated in a large garden, foil south, far from the sea.
Restaurant, Smoking and Reading Rooms, ^uth aspect.
Luncheon and Dinner served at separate tables. *7. SOJI^tZZT, Propvirfov.
26
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
IVI ERAN.
GRAND HOTEL.
M ost fashionable family hotel, opposite the Curhaus and
the Promenades. Magnificent Park and Garden, Large Terraces.
Grounds for Croquet and Lawn Tennis. English Church in the Garden.
All modern sanitary arrangements. Large Hall with Steam Heating.
Lift. Electric Light throughout. Drawing, Reading, Smoking and
Billiard Rooms. Excellent Cooking. Pension, including Room and Light,
from fl, 4.50, 200 Rooms and Saloons. Open the whole year.
L. ARNSCHINK, Proprietor.
mIlaTl
HOTEL DE ROME.
charges.
Admirably situated, full South, on the Corso, a few steps from the Duomo. Furnished
and fitted up with the greatest care, is warmly recommended for Its comfort and moderate
LIFT. ELECTRIC LIGHT.
Branch House—PIAZZA FONTANA, 8 and lo.
LIFT. _ BORELLA BROTHERS, Proprietors.
MILAN.
CORSO VITTORIO EM.
Central, with View of the Cathedral, with quiet rooms facing the Garden.
Select Family Hotel. Every Modern Comfort. i. liEltTOLINI
(formerly at San Remo).
Valais. MARTIGNY. Switzerland.
HOTEL du GRAND ST. BERNARD
NEAR THE RAILWAY STATION.
V. GAY CROSIER, Proprietor.
Meals served at any hour. Bloderato charges.
Carriages for Chamonix and the Grand St. Bernard
at a rednoed tariti’. Cook's Coupons iakt‘n.
ST. BEEXAED DOGS FOE SALE.
MILAN.
GRAND HOTEL DE MILAN.
Modern Comfort. Hydraulic Lifts.
Central Steam Heating. Railway
Office. Price List in every room.
J. SPATZ, Proprietor.
MILAN.
BELLINI'S HOTEL TERMINUS
Real English Hotel, near the Station.
Heated throughout. Moderate Charges.
Hotel Coupons accepted. Porter meets trains.
Garden. Electric Light.
F. BELLINI, Proprietor.
MILAN.
HOTEL IVIAHIN.
Perfectly quiet. Every Modern Comfort.
Established 35 years. Patronised by English
and American Visitors.
F. BAZZARO.
MUNICH.
HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE.
T N the Centre of the City. Opiwsite the Theatres and Royal Palace. Electric Light,
I Central Heating, Lift, Telephone in Every Room. Pension. Omnibus at Station.
Moderate Charges.
Q-. DANNHOFER, Manager.
H. BRUNNER, Proprietor.
MAXIMILIAN PLATZ.
MUNICH.
MAXIMILIAN PLATZ.
GRAND HOTEL CONTINENTAL
SPLENDID FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. Situated in the most quiet and fashionable
quarter, and near all objects of interest.
All modern comforts and improvements. Hydraulic Lift. Baths. Electric Light.
Moderate Cliarf/rs. M. DIENER, Proprietor.
1899. MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 27
MOSCOW.
The Largest First-Class Hotel in this Town.
SPEENDID EE^DINQ,
ARD BATH-EOOJVIS.
r O K aES I Gr 3W w 23 ■"CTiT
ALL LANGUAGES SPOKEN.
ELECTRIC LIGHT.
Omnibus. Interpreters to all Railway Stations.
‘^de^rkon^, Jlcst anl) in Ih^ house.
Highly recommended to Tourists. Guides speaking English at the Hotel.
rriHIS LARGE WELL-KNOWN HOTEL, situnted in the best and healthiest part of the City, near the
Kremlin and all other places of interest, established over half a century, lately entirely renewed
and enlarged, affords f irst Class Accommodation for Families and Gendemen. Excellent Kitchen,
Table d’H6te, splendid Grill Room and Restaurant. Good Cellar. Billiard, Smoking, and Reading Rooms,
with English, American, German, and French Newspapers. Good Bath Rooms. Hotel Carriages meet
all Trains. CLAUSEN BKOTHERS, Proprietors (Swiss).
Telegraphic Address: “Hotel Berlin, Moscow. ”
RUSSIA-MOSCOW.
lEX JbJ !^E1 b -iba "IT■ ^
STJ.MMER GARDEN- 150 BHESS. WINTER GARDEN-
28
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER
May,
NANTES.
HOTEL DES VOYAGEURS.
I^^^IRST-CLASS HOTEL, uear the Theatre. Highly recommended for its general Comfort
and Moderate Charges. Excellent Cuisine. Telephone. English spoken.
__ a. CKETAUX, Proprietor.
NAPLES.
IinTT7T PPTQTHT CORSO VITTORIO £:MANUI:I.E:. One of the best
Xxv/Xllilj iJXvlO 1 Lf J.i, Hotels in Italy. The only first-class Hotel, in the healthiest part
of the town, and in an elevated situation, enjoying a full view of the unrivalled panorama. It is built of
a compact Lava stone which does not absorb moisture, and fitted up with the best Sanitary Arrangements.
Electric Light in every Eoom. Great Comfort. Excellent Cooking. Good Attendance. Lift. Moderate
Prices, and Arrangements for Prolonged Stay. A. LANDRY, Proprietor.
This Hotel is open all the year round, and Visitors are respectfully requested not to allow themselves to
be imposed upon by interested parties and importunate Guides or Porters, as all necessary information is
given at the Hotel Bristol for the excursions from N.aples, and as to the best shops in the City.
NAPLES.
THE CONTINENTAL HOTEL.
Open all the year round. Quai Parthenope (New Embankment). Splendid situation—
full South. Close to the Public Garden and the centre of the town, with magnificent view
of the Bay and Vesuvius. Hydraulic Lift, Electric Light, Telegraph and Post Office.
Every kind of baths. Moderate charges. Pension 8 to 12 Francs.
R. WAEHLER, PropHetor.
NAPLES.
Barker s Jigtel
200
Feet
above
Sea-
Level.
Healthiest and most beautiful situation ; close to railway stations for San Martino (funicular),
and for Pozzuoli and Baia?; e8pecinlly couvenieut for sightseeing. An English House.
Recommended to English and American Visitors. Tariff and Electric Light in every room.
Lift. Fixed charges, always including Baths in the Rooms, Light aud attendance.
NERVI.
HOTEL VICTOHIA.
Near the Sea and Railway Station. 15 Minutes
from Genoa. Stopping place for all express trains.
Patronised by H.H. the Queen of Portugal, and
ILExc. the Marschell von Moltke.
HVDRAULIC LIFT.
MODERN HEATING APPAR.\TUS.
NICE.
GRAND HOTEL METROPOLE
AND PARADIS.
First-Class. Centre of the Town.
T, CREPAUX, Proprietor.
NEUCHATEL.
GRAND HOTEL DE BELLE VUE.
Mr. ALBERT ELSKES, Proprietor. First-Class Hotel,
Magnificently situated on the Border of the Lake. Commanding splendid Views of the Panorama of the
Alps. Lift. Electric Light in all the Rooms. Garden.
PENSION PRICES ALL THE YEAR ROUND. N.B.—Besides the Evening Train (direct) a
Day Train is ninning between Neuchatel and Paris, and vice versa »
CENTRAL HEATING THROUGHOUT.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
29
NEUHAUSEN, SWITZERLAND.
FALLS OF THEJ{HINE.
VIEW FROM THE HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF.
—- - 4 --
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, replete with every convenience.
200 Rooms. Fire Escapes. Hydraulic Lift.
Lawn Tennis—Carriages—Storage for Bicycles—Dark Room.
A Char»iing Summer Resort, noted for its healthy 2 )osition, bracing
air, and most heantifxil landscape.
BY MEANS OF ELECTRICITY AND BENGAL LIGHTS THE FALLS OF
THE RHINE ARE BRILLIANTLY ILLUMINATED
EVERY NIGHT DURING THE SEASON.
English Divine Service in the Church located in the Grounds
of the Schweizerhof.
NICE. '
HOTEL WESTMINSTER.
F IRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL. Delightfully situated on Promenade des Anglais.
Tbe finest position in Nice. Full south. Great comfort. Hydraulic Lift. Electric
Light in every room. Tariff moderate. Special rates en x>ens'ion for a long stay.
_F. REBETEZ, Manager.
NUREMBERG.
GOLDEN EAGLE HOTEL.
FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOUSE. Newly rebuilt. 200 Beds. Most central and best
position. Specially patronised by English and Americans. Arrangements made. Baths.
Electric Light and central Heating in Corridors and every Room. Lift.
Omnibus meets all trains. Under the personal management of the Proprietor,
__WILLY SCHLENK.
NURNBERG (NUREMBERG).
HOTEIL- BAYERISGHER-HOF.
THIS First-rate and Superior Hotel, situated in the centre of the town, is highly spoken of by English and
American Travellers for its general comfort and moderate charges. Has been greatly enlarged, and
cont^ns now 100 well-furnished rooms and saloons. Ladies’ and Beading Saloon, Smoking Room, &c., and
a beautiful large Dining Boom, English and Foreign Newspapers. Carriages at the Hotel Omnibuses
to and from each train. Euglieh Church in the Hotel; Divine Service every Sunday. Electric Light
J. AUINGER, Proprietor.
30
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER,
May,
OSTEND.
GREAT OCEAN HOTEL.
{Enlat'ffcd and Inijjroved.)
FIEST-CLASS & MOST FASHIONABLE HOTEL & RESTAURANT.
Unrivalled for their Situation. Bath Room.
Facing Sea and Baths. Highly Recommended. Lift. Electric Light.
OSTEND.
GRAND HOTEL DU LITTORAL
Most fashionable part of the Digue, facing Sea.
LIFT, Etc.
39^ Avenue de VOpera^ 39.
FINEST SITUATION IN THE FRENCH CAPITAL.
First-rate Restaurant and Table d’Hote. Reading and Smoking
Rooms. Hydraulic Lift. Baths. The Entrance Hall, Staircases, and
Corridors are heated. Arrangements for the Winter Season. Telephone.
Electric Light throughout.
In the Paris Baedeker ” the name of the Proprietor, Mr. L. HAUSER,
is particularly mentioned.
PAU.
HOTEL DE FRANCE.
fPHIS FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, situated on the Place Royale, oom-
A mands the most splendid view of the whole chain of the Pyrenees, and is adjoining
to the English Club. Improved Lift. Bath and Smoking Rooms.
GARDERES FRERES, Proprietors.
POITIERS.
GRAND HOTEL DE FRANCE.
First-Class and recommended to Families and Tourists for its comfort and good manage¬
ment. The most central of the Town, near the Hotel de Ville, Prefecture, Telegraph,
Post Office, Museum, Historical Monuments, and Promenades. Speciality of Fowls and
truffled Patfe of all sorts. Carriages for Drives. Railway Omnibus calls at Hotel.
_ROBLIN-BOTTCHARDEAXJ, Proprietor.
PRAGUE. _
■piRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL in th6 centre of the town. Patronised by English and
Americans. First-rate attendance. Moderate Charges. English Church Service
in the HoteL OTTO WELZER, Proprietor.
LIGHTED THROUGHOUT BY ELECTRICITY.
BOARD from lOg, per day.
Near St. Malo (France). —The best Sand Shore on the Coasts of Brittany, snr-
roxinded by charming panorama, picturesqne sites, and splendid views; sweet and very salubrious climate.
S ITU.\TED on the very Shore, near the Casino and Bathing Establishment. First-class Hotel, much
frequented by the best English Families. Beautiful Dining Room. Restaurant. Saloon. Lawn
Tennis. Hot Baths and Telegraph in the House. Very large Garden. Q-reat Comfort and Moderate
Charges. Very advantageous conditions in July and September. Omnibus of the Hotel to all trains and
steamers. RiGUE:L.X.S a.nd GR.AJON, Proprietors.
PARIS.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
31
PRAGUE.
HOTEL ERZHERZOG STEPHAN.
First-Class Hotel.
On the “ Wenzelsplatz,” nearest to the Railway Stations and
the Post and Telegraph Office.
ELEGANTLY FURNISHED ROOMS AND APARTMENTS.
Garden. Restaurant. Viennese Coffee-house. Splendid Cooking and
good Wines. Baths. Telephone. Carriages. Station of the Tram Cars.
W. HAUINER, Proprietor.
PRAGUE.
FIRST-CLASS HOUSE, a Few Steps from the
Central Station.
IN THE CENTRE OF THE TOWN.
AT THE CORNER OF THE CRABEN.
Every Modern Comfort. Telephone. Baths. Carriages.
ELECTRIC LIGHT. HYDRAULIC LIFT. MODERATE CHARGES.
W. BENES, Proprietor.
RAGATZ.
aail Cure Besort of Baplz-Pialfeis
CANTON ST. CALLEN, 521 METRES ABOVE THE SEA, SWITZERLAND.
; HOT SPRINGS, 28° R. = 35° C.
I World-Renowned Resort, with the Wonderful GORGE OF PFAFFERS.
Grand Hotel, Grand Hotel,
RAGATZ. QUELLENHOF.
Electric Lift, Electric Light, Railway Ticket Office in the Hotel. Large Park and
* Gardens, Lawn Tennis and other athletic games. Splendid situation. Beautiful View of
! the Mountains. Comfortable Bathing Establishment in the Hotels. Best stopping place
; for visitors to and from the Engadine. Newly organised Institute for Swedish Gymnastics,
i (Dr. Zander’s Method).
New Hydropathic Establishment, with hot and cold Shower and other Baths.
Scientific Massage (System Metzger).
Large Kursaal brilliantly illuminated by Electricity. Concert, Reading, and
Billiard Rooms, Cafe-Restaurant. Terrace with View of the Alps. Concerts three times
( a day. Dancing during Season.
PFAFFERS.
At the Entrance of the celebrated Tamina Gorge, 3 kilometres from
i Ragatz, Post, Telegraph, and Telephone Offices.
BATHS AND CUR COMMITTEE.
32
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
RHEINFELDEN BRINE SPA AND CLIMATIC STATION.
GRAND HOTEL DES SALINES
THIRST-CLASS. Splendid Situation on the Rhine. Every Modern
J- Comfort. Perfect Sanitary Arrangements. Electric Light and
Lift. Large Park. Lawn Tennis. Good Shooting. Trout Fishing.
Special attention paid to English and American taste. Excursions from
Rheinfeldeu to the Black Forest and to the Rhine Falls in half a day.
Railway tickets and luggage booked direct between Rheinfelden and
Paris. Season from May to October. j y, dIETSCHY, Proprietor.
RHEIMS.
GRAND HOTEL DO LION D’
First-class. Ouly Hotel facing Cathedral.
Comfortable Bed and Sitting Booms. Smoking
Boom. Electric Light and all modern Sanitary
arrangements. Prirate Apartments for Families.
Large Court Yards and beautiful Gardens.
Table d'Hdte and Bestaurant k la Carte. Choice
Wines. Cuisine recherchfe. Hot and Cold Baths.
English and German spoken. Telegraphic Address
BADIiK Bheims. J. RADLE, ProPrietor-
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK TO
ROME AND THE CAMPAGNA.
New Edition.
Ninety-four Maps and Plans.
Crown 8vo., 10«.
ROME.
xzorr'xsx..
Highest JPosition in Rome,
SITUATED ON THE PINCIAN HILL. COMMANDING FINE
VIEW OVER ROME AND CAMPAGNA.
Electric Light in Every Room. Tariff and Plan on Application.
SAME MANAGEMENT, EDEN HOUSE, LUGERNE.
FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOUSE, IN THE BEST SITUATION.
ON THE ELECTRIC TRAM LINE. MODERN COMFORT.
FRANZ NISTELWICK, Proprietor.
HOME.
HOTEL MOLARO.
56, VIA GREGORIANA {Near to the Pincio).
FULL SOUTH.
Healthiest Situation in Town, and very Central. Old Reputation for
ite Comfort and Moderate Charges.
HYDRAULIC LIFT.
Winter Garden. Electric Light and Calorifere in all the Rooms.
ROME.
HOTEL BELLEVUE
(BELVEDERE),
Fta NagioiutJe, corner of Via Quirinale.
Best Position, near King’s Palace. South
Rooms only. Pension. Moderate Charges.
ROME.
HOTEL VICTORIA (English house),
Via Due Marcelli (Piazza di Spagna).
New Large Dining and Sitting Rooms.
London “ Times ” and “ Stitudard " taken
in. Garden. Lift. Omnibus. Pension 6, 7,
and 8 shillings per day.
EWALD THIELE, New Proprietor.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
33
ROME.
GRAND HOTEL MARINI.
First-Class, Unrivalled for its tealthy, plet, and central
situation. Full Soutli. Lift, Electric Light in Every Boom.
(OPEN ALL THE YEAR.)
E. MARINI & Co.
ROME
CONTINENTAL
300 HOTEL,
All Modern Comfort\ Open all Year Round.
P. LUGANL Proprietor.
HOTEL GIANELLI go^
lo, J ia L'lidovlsL
This well-known First-Class Family House, greatly improved
by the new Proprietor, is situated in the healthiest and
highest part of Rome near the Gardens.
FULL SOUTH.
Moderate Charges. Perfect Sanitary Arrangements.
HYDRAULiG UFT. ELEGTRIG LIGHT. CALORIFERE.
Bath liooms, Brawing llooms, Smohinff Ilootif.
Special Arrangements for Families.
OMNIBUS MEETS ALL THE TRAINS.
T. LENGYEL
(Nevj Proprietor and Manager).
34
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
ROME.
HOTEL DANGLETERRE.
Via BOCCA di BEOJVB,
roHIS Hotel is conveuiently, healthily, and quietly situated in the centre
L of the City, between the Corso and the Piazza di Spagna, in the most
aristocratic quarter of Rome. It offers every possible advantage, and
Visitors may rely upon every English comfort. Charges Moderate.
Special Arrangements for a Long Term. Open the whole year. Most
frequented by English. Particular attention is paid to the Cooking
and Service. Lift. Electric Light in all the Rooms. Latest
English Sanitary Arrangements. Entirely refurnished.
H SILENZI, Proprietor,
ROTTERDAM.
First-Class Hotel. Finest Situation on the River Maas. Electric
Light. Hydraulic Lift. Fire Escapes. Omnibus at every train and
steamer. G. A. JONKERS, Director.
ROUEN.
GRAND HOTEL D’ANGLETERRE
On the Quay. Commanding the most beautiful view of the Seine. The Hotel has been
entirely reconstructed and refurnished. Electric Lift, Telephone. Only Hotel in Rouen
with a Lift. Moderate Terms. Table d’hote and Restaurant a la Carte.
ROUEN.
HOTEL DE LA POSTE.
Rooms lighted by Electricity and heated by Calorifere. Situated opposite the Post Office
in the finest Central part of the Town. Magnificent Garden in front of the Hotel, Reading,
Music, and Writing Saloons. English Newspapers. English and German spoken. Rooms
from 3 fr s.; Breakfast, 1 fr. 50 c. ; Lunch, 2 frs. 50 c. ; Dinner, 3 frs. 50 c. Lift. _
■ ROUEWD
GRAND HOTEL de PARIS
FIRST-CLASS HO I’EL situated on the Quay. The most beautiful situation in the Town.
Close to tile Post and Telegraph Offices, and the Landing Stages of the Havre Steamers.
This Ho'el has been newly furnished, and now offers equally as comfortable accommodation
as the Largest Hntels, but with more moderate terms. Telephone 556. Electric Light,
English and German Spoken. Member of tVw T airing Club. Dark Room for Photographers
ROUEN.
GRAND HOTEL DE FRANCE.
Situated in the centre of the Town, and midst the principal monuments. 114 Rooms, all
lighted liy electricity, from 2 Francs. 2 Bath Rooms. Garden. Good Table d’Hote.
Dejeuner i,50 fr., I'eieuuera la lourchette 2 50 fr.. Dinner 3 fr. Re.staurant a la carte.
Telephone. Englisu spokeu. A guide lo Rouen and tuvirons presented to every visitor.
ROYAT LES BAINS.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL. HYJtRA ULIC LIFT. ELECTRIC LIGHT.
LARGE GARDEN WITH TERRACE WALKS.
OPEN FROM 15th MAY TO 15th OCTOBER.
L. SERVANT. Prourietop.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
35
After-Cure Resort: SALZBURG.
Summer and Winter Station.
GRAND HOTEL DE L’EUROPE
In the midst of a Splendid Park. Grand view of the Alps. Lift, Electric
Light, Lawn Tennis, Evening Concerts in the Foyer, Anglo-American Bar.
AFTEIt-CURE AFELICATIONS:
Chalybeate and Electric Light Baths, Steam-boxes, Rooms for Medicinal
Inhalations and Brine Spray, Water Applications and Massage, etc.
Treatments are performed hy a certified staff of attendants in the presence
of an experienced physician.
Prospectus sent on application. GEORGE JUNG, Proprietor.
SAN
REMO.
FIRST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL
Large Garden.
Finest and Best Situation, Lift, Electric Light.
M. BERTOLINI, Proprietor.
(Also Proprietor of the Hotel Royal Courmayeur and Aosta.)
SCHE YENINGEN.
NORT H SEA. HOL LAND.
KUIRH AXIS.
OF EX FROM JUNE 1st TILL OCTOBER,
Magnificent newly-built Kursaal, capable of accommodating 3,000 persons. Terrace
facing the sea to accommodate 5,000 persons. Refreshment, Drawing and Heading Booms,
all most elegantly furnished. First-class Club. Two Concerts Daily by the Berlin
Philharmonic Orchestra (the best in Germany), consisting of 80 performers, under the
conductorship of Court Band ^Master Josef Rebicek. A Grand Ball every week.
Dances daily. Children’s Dances, Fetes, Fireworks, Opprettes, Variety Entertainments.
Splendid Sea Bathing for Ladies and Gentlemen, separately or together.
The Leading* First-Class Hotel in Seheveningen.
(PROPERTY OF THE KURHAUS-COMPANY).
200 ROOMS AND SALONS. 300 BEDS. BATHS.
Lift. Information and Railway Ticket Office. Dark chamber for Amateur Photo¬
graphers. Store-house for Cycles— all in the hotel. Large aud commodious Rf-stauraut.
Excellent French cookiog. Choice Wines. PENSION. Terms moderate. Tariff and
Plan of the Rooms, together with the Season’s Programme, sent on application. During
June, and from September 10th to end of season, 30 per cent, reduction on the charge for
rooms for a prolonged 8tay„ All further particulars supplied on request by the Managing
Directou.
English Bivine Service in the Chaptel opposite the Kurhaus.
SEELISBERG (Switzerland).
LAKE OP LUOEliNE.
HOTEL AND PENSION SONNENBERG.
First-Class Hotel, 300 Apartments. Splendid View over the Lake and of the Surrounding
Mountains. Physician specially attached to the Hotel. Divine Service of the Catholic,
Protestant, and Anglican Communions. Reduced Charges|ia Spring aud Autumn.
irt- *• M. TUETTMAN. Pr'^pR'^'TOR.
36
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
GRAND HOTEL
BRITANNIQUE
Patronised by
THE ROYAL FAMILY OF BELGIUM.
N THE BEST AND MOST DELIGHTFUL SITUATION OF SPA.
LARGE GA RDEN & TENNIS GROUNDS.
Adjoining the Boulevard des Anglais and the English Chnrch.
F. LEYH, Resident Proprietor.
__ —
SPA“01dest, finest, and most efficacious Mineral ferruginous Waters-SPA
Hotel 08 Fianflre t
SURY, Senior, Proprietor,
The Largest First-Class Hotel
IN THE CENTRE AND SIOST
SALUBRIOUS PART OF
THE TOWN.
Beautiful Park, with furnished
VUlas and Cottages in the
Private Grounds of the Hotel.
BATHS. Drawing, Writing and Billiard Rooms. Electric Light throughout.
SPA.
HOTEr. EEEEE YUE.
Magnificent Situation on the Promenade, near the Royal Palace and Bath
Establishment. Large Garden, communicating with a First-class Park.
ROUMA, Proprietop.
Electric Light
SPA,
GRAND HOTEL DE L’EUROPE.
First-class, close to the Mineral Springs, Casino, and
Anglican Church. Omnibus to meet all Trains.
FAMILY HOTEL. EVERY MODERH COMFORT. HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.
ELECTRIC LIGHT. HENRARD-EICHARD, Proprietor.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
37
ST. PETERSBURG.
BDJE MICBEL
a ST. PETERSBOURG.
CORNER OF THE NEVSKI PROSPECT AND
MICHEL STREET.
VERY CENTRAL POSITION.
FIRST-CLASS HOTEL,
300 Kooms, including 100 Apartments,
WITH EVERY MODERN IMPROVEMENT AND COMFORT.
TelegrapMc Address; “ ETJEOPE, ST. PETEKSBVEG.”
OMNIBUSES MEET ALL TRAINS AND BOATS.
TWO LIFTS. ONLY HOTEL WITH ELECTRIC LIGHT
38
MURRAY^S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
ST. PETERSBURG.
HOTEL DE FRANCE.
Kept by E. RENAULT.
EST situation in the Town, Great Morskai'a, right opposite the
Winter Palace, Hermitage, Foreign Office and Nevski Prospect.
Oldest Hotel. Tramways in all directions. Fashionably frequented,
especially by English and Americana. Elegant Reading Room, with
French, Englisli, American, German, and Swedish Papers. Greatly to be
recommended for its cleanliness, comfort, and superior cuisine. Dinners
1 r. 50 k, and 3 r. The charge for Apartments is from 1 to 20 roubles.
All languages spoken. Warm and Cold Baths. Post and Telephone on
the Premises. The English Guide, Bernard Franke, highly com¬
mended.
The Hotel is recommended in Murray’s Handbook of Russia.
The HOTEL BELLE VUE, opposite to HOTEL DE
FBAHCE, belongs to the same Proprietor.
ST. PETERSBURG.
^HIS well-known HOTEL has the best situation in St. Petersburg.
-L It has lately been entirely renovated and affords First-class Accommodation for
Families and Gentlemen. Excellent Kitchen and Cellar. Reading Room with English
and American Newspapers. French, German and English spoken. Omnibus meets all
Trains and Steamers. Under English Management.
Telegraphic Address; “ Angleteree, Petersburg.” TH. SCHOTTE, Manager.
1899.
MURRArS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
39
ST. BEATEN8ERG
Near INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND.
First-class Uliniatic Station.
Hotel et Pension de la Posie.
First-class House. New stone Ijuildintj. Every
comfort. Situated in centre of lieautiful Pro¬
menade, with splendid View of the Alps. Post,
Telegraph, and Telephone Office in the Hotel.
Moderate Tariff.
EGLl-RRUNN'ER, Proprietor.
STRASBOURG.
INTsEL-tiomstl.
The only First-Class Hotel newly built.
Opposite the Railway Station. Bath and Lift
System improved. Large and Small Apart¬
ments for Families and Single Gentlemen.
Moderate Charges. Electric I.ight throughout.
Electric Trams from the Hotel to all parts of
the town. |||?ii«|. Proprietor.
STRASBOURG.
HOTEL DE LA YILLE DE PARIS.
UNIVERSALLY REPUTED.
HYDRAULIC LIFT. ELECTirlC LIGHT THliOUGHOUT. UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT.
The largest and most comi'oitable Hotel in Stiasbouig, with all modern comfort. Situated in the finest
part of the town, near the Palace, Cathedral, and Promenade. Patronised by Royalty and highly
recommended to English and American Families and Gentlemen.
C. MATHIS, Director Proprietor.
STUTTGART.
Difect Entrance from the Itaitway Station.
FINEST POSITION IN TOWN. SPLENDID NEW BUILDING. FIRST CLASS. 300 ROOMS.
ELECTRIC LIGHT. CENTRAL HEATING. ELEVATORS.
Rooms from 2*50 Marks upwards.
H. & O. MARQUARDT.
STUTTGART.
HOTEL ROYAL.
Opposite the station. 100 elecantly fur¬
nished rooms from M. 2 upwards. Elevator.
Central Healing. Electric L'ght.
A. BANZHAF, Proprietor.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK
TO SCOTLAND.
New Edition (7th).
With 31 Maps and Plans. 9f.
Switzerland.
THU N.
On Lake of Ttmii,
ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT.
QUIET. FINEST POSITION.
BATHS, LIFT, 200 ROOMS
TENNIS COURTS.
race,
llerbovatcd. Open-Air
Bestaiirant in .sheltered Ter-
wiflt mtwveUoas view. Next
to New Kursa aJ.
HOTEL ET PENSION BELLEVUE.
ENTIRELY RENOVATED.
Opposite the Steamboat Pier. “ HOFSTETTEN-THUN Electric in'ght throughout.
Well-known First-Class Family Hotel, specially adapted tor prolonged stay. Extensive
Gardens. Pinewood Park. Advantageous arrangements tor tamilies inadi during the
whole season. Next to New Ktirsaal. t. r-T> tm
P. SCHLENKEPt, Manager.
_ I -—-----
40
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
TAORMINA (s icily), Italy.
HOTEX^ SAIST l>OIVXEI^ICO.
rrHE ONLY FIHST-CLASS ENGLISH FAMILY HOTEL. Situated Southward, with
J- Garden. Terraces. Lawn'I'enuis, Winter Garden. Ancient Historical convent, enjoying
a full unrivalled view of the Panorama. Situated in the finest and most select part of
Taormina, Views cf Etna and the Ionian Sea. French Cooking. Most comfortable. Arrange¬
ment for prolonged stay. Quite near the Post-Office and Telegraph.
TENERIFFE (PORT OROTAVA).
HOTEL MARTIANEZ (late Grand).
F acing the Sea, near the Martianez Springs. Beautiful Gardens, large Dining, Drawing,
Reading and Billiard Rooms, Tennis Court. Open November till May. Revised
Moderate Tariff.
In connection with the Columba Hotel, Tarhert, Loch Fyne, N.B.
TOULOUSE.
GRAND HOTEL DE L’EUROPE AND DU MIDI REUNIS.
EEAUTIPULLiY SITUATED ON THE LAFAYETTE SQUARE.
First Class Fstahlishtnent.
O FFERING tie same comb rts as the laigest hotels in France. Fashionably frequented,
especially by English and American travellers. Elegant Reading Room and Con¬
versation Boom. Restaurant and Table d’hote. English spoken. Electric Light in every
Room and Saloon. _ DUPOUTS, Proprietor.
TOURS.
GRAND HOTEL
DE L’UNIVERS.
ON THE BOULEVARD, NEAR THE
STATION.
EXJItOPEA.1V PtEPtlTA-TIOlV.
Highly recommended in all the French
and Foreign Guide Books.
EUGENE GUILLAUME, Proprietor.
TOURS.
HOTEL HE BORDEAUX.
Proprietor, CLOVIS DELIGNOU.
Patronised by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and the European Courts.
IN FRONT OF THE STATION AND UPON THE BOULEVARD.
SPLENDID APAR.TMENTS.
1899
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
41
TRENTO, SOUTH TYROL.
IMPERIAL HOTEL TRENTO.
First-class House, Great Comfort and Eeasonable Prices, Central Steam
Heating, Electiic Light, Lawn Tennis Ground. Splendid position,
Fronting the Town Park. Centre for Dolomites and Glaciers Excursions.
Patronised by the Empress Frederick and all the Royal Families.
Spring and Autumn Season.
F. T. OESTEHREICHER, Proprietor.
Branch House— Grand Hotel des Alpes, Madonna di Campiglio, the Tyrolese St.
Moritz, 1553 Metres above the Sea. Season, June-October. Prospectus on Application.
• BLACK FOREST. TRIBERG. 715 Metres above the Sea, •
HOTEi:.. WEIiEJLiE.
P. WEHllLE, Proprietor.
Best situation, near the Waterfalls, for a long time well known as
HO'TSI^ z. “OCHSEN.”
Every English comfort. Baths. Park Garden. Electric Light. Milk Cure. Omni¬
bus at the Station. Carriages. Moderate charges. Pension. Telephone. Concerts in
front of the Hotel. The proprietor gives best information for excursions in the Black
Forest. The Hotel Wehrle, not very large, but very comfortable, is highly recom¬
mended by German and foreign Guide Books.
• GOOD TROUT FISHING. •
FIRST CLASS.•
S ITUATED on a charming Hill, at the most magnificent point of the Town, overlooking
from all parts the highly celebrated Cascade ; it is the finest and most elegant Hotel
at Triberg, fitted up with all the comforts ot the present time.
Surrounded with a large terrace, a very handsome park and pleasant promenades, and
containing 80 very comfortable be'^rooms and Saloons, 26 Balconies, splendid breakfast
and dining rooms, smoking, reading, and conversation room; it offers a very agreeable
residence, at 10 minutes’ distance from the Railway Station. Two Elegant Stage Coaches
and a Landau meet all Trains. Every Sunday, English Divine Service. Reduced prices
during the Spring and Autumn. Electric Light throughout.
L. BIERINGER, Proprietor.
TURIN.
Bagiioni’s Hotel Tioietta el mnHieteiie
Facing Central Kaiiway Station, and in tbe Principal Street. Moderate
Charges. First-Class Hotel in every respect. Eailway Ticket Office
in the Hotel. L. BAGLIONI ET FILS.
HranvJi Houses
GRAND HUFEL D’lTALIE, BOLOGNA.
GRAND HOTEL, CERESOLE REALE tPiedmont).
Altitude
4,800 feet.
Splendid
Renowned Ferruginous
Alpine Excursions.
Springs.
42
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
TURIN.
Grand Hotel de F Europe.
This splendid Hotel is situated on the Piazza Gastello, five
minutes’ walk from the Station and Post and Telegraph
Ofl&ces, and is furnished to afford Residents every possible
convenience and comfort.
LiaHTED BY ELECTRICITY.
HEATED BY HOT-AIR STOVES. BATHS. HYDRAULIC LIFT.
SANITARY ARRANGEMENTS EERFECT,
Single and Double Bedrooms and splendid Suites of Apart¬
ments at moderate charges. Rooms from 3 francs,
Electric Light and Attendance included.
PENSION FROM 9 FRANCS PER DAY.
A. BORGO, Proprietor.
' VENICE^
HOTEL DE UEUROPE
FIRST-CLASS HOUSE.
Situated in the best position on the Grand Canal. Magnificent view on
the Lido, S. Giorgio, S. Maria della Salute.
GREATLY IMPROVED. ELECTRIC LIGHT THROUGHOUT THE HOUSE.
LIFT. PERFECT SANITATION,
Patronised by the most distinguished Families.
MARSEILLE BROTHERS, Proprietors,
GRAND HOTEL DU PARC
OHAIVJO HOTEL.
THE LARGEST AND MOST COMFORTABLE IN VICHY.
A FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, situated in the Park, facing the Baths,
Springs, and Casiiso.
PI^IVRTE PflViniON FOF? FflmiLilHS.
Hydropathic Installation. Electric Light. Lift.
GERMOT, Proprietor.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
43
_ yENJCE._
Hotel d'ltalie Baner.
Near St. Mark's Square. On the Grand Canal.
Facing, the Church of St. Maria Salute.
250 ROOMS. ELECTRIC LIGHT.
Hoist Office in tlie Hotel.
GRAND RESTAURANT BAUER GRUNWALD.
Rendezvous of the Best Society.
J. GRUNWALD, Sen., Proprietor.
ON THE
PARK
OPPOSITE
KIOSQUE
OF MUSIC
cp ‘
POST,
TELE-
ON THE
PARK
FACING
THE
CASINO.
V a: C3 H Y-
GRAND HOTEL DES AMBASSADEURS & CONTINENTAL.
ROUBEAU & COLLET, Proprietors.
Entirely Re-arranged and considerably Enlarged. Is the most elegant, comfortable
and best situated in Vichy, and the only one frequented by the Royal Family of England.
A part of the Hotel is arranged and warmed specially for the winter season. It is the
only Hotel at Vichy having a general hygienic installation.
Lift. _ Pension from 12fr. per day. _
OPEN
THE
WHOLE
YEAR.
GRAPH
AD¬
JOINING.
TELEPHONE
44
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
{
t:
VIENNA.
Grand Hotel,
I. KARNTHNEimiNG, 9.
Situated in the finest and most fashionable part of the City, on the
Ringstrasse, Corso side, near the Imperial Opera, the new Museums,
highly recommended for moderate charges combined with all modern
comfort; specially patronized by English and American families.
300 elegantly furnished Bed and Sitting Rooms, Magnificent lofty
and richly decorated Dining and Reading Rooms, Smoking and Ladies’
Drawing Rooms.
The prices of the rooms are including electric light and attendance.
Tariff in every Room. Excellent Cooking; Luncheons and Dinners at
fixed prices or a la Carte.
Lift until 12 p.m. Baths, Telephone, Railway Ticket-OflBce and
Hairdressing Saloon in the Hotel.
Arrangements made with Families Wintering in Vienna.
VIENNA-HOTEL i^ETROPOLE.
First-Class and best situated Hotel. Especially frequented by English and
Americans. Price for Bedroom, electric light and attendance included, from 2 florins.
Hydraulic Lift. L. SPEISER, Manager.
VIENNA.
HOTEIL. KRONPRINZ.
FAMILY HOTEL.
Good Position, Centre of the Town. Large Rooms with Good View,
TERMS MODERATE.
ELECTRIC LIGHT. L. SEILER, Proprietor.
VIENNA.
HOTEL HAMMERAND.
RENDEZVOUS OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN DOCTORS.
Near the Hospitals. JElectric Liffht.
HOT
VIENNA.
I.. RRlLrlLiR VUR.
(Facing Franz Josefs Railway Station).
Family Hotel. Special Tariff for Commercial Travellers. 100 Elegant Rooms from
one florin. Light and Strvice will not be charged.
LEOPOLD GARAI, Proprietor.
1899.
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
45
EVOLENE.
AROLLA.
VAL D’HERENS, VALAIS.
Grand Hotel de Sion. Open all the year. Built especially
for Winter Residence.
Grand Hotel d’Evolene. 1275 Metres High.
to 30th September.
Hotel du Mont Collon. Recently Enlarged with Large Glass Verandah. 2000
Metres High. Open from 1st June to 30th September. Omnilms at Sion Station.
T. ANZEVITI, Proprietor.
Open from 1st J une
Celebrated and Richest Saline Thermal Springs, 126° F, |
HESSEN 1
NASSAU 1
WIESBADEN 1
j NEAR THE 1
RHINE. 1
’ i
HOTEL
WIESBADEN.
a U I S 1 S A N A.
The most fashionable, oldest and best known Resort in Europe.
oi? a starve.
FAVOURED BY ENGLISH FAMILIES. ^
SUMMER AND WINTER CURE.
UNRIVALLED IN CASES OF:
Gout, Rheumatism, Stiffness, Neuralgia, Isehias, Affections of the
Breathing Organs, Indigestion, Nervous Derangements, etc.
LARGE VARIETY of ENTERTAINMENTS d AMUSEMENTS
AT THE CURHAUS DURING THE WHOLE YEAR.
A g reeable Social Life. Englis h Church.
EXCELLENT EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS. Moderate Term.s.
Prospectus on application to the —
Sta(It. Ktirvei * waItuiirj.
WIESBADEN.
KOBE
T his first-class hotel, with every modern comfort, is newly enlarged by a
splendid building, and situated in tbe linest and healthiest part of Wiesbaden, opposite the Pro¬
menade, close to the Curliouse and Royal Theatre. Private Suites of Apartments consisting of Saloon,
Bedroom Toilet and Bath Room. In tiie Hotel is a beautiful new Bath House, with Baths supplied from
tbe principal Spring—the Rockbrunnen, Most elegant Public Rooms, Litt, Electric Light, Steam Heating.
Arrangements made for a prolonged stay. H. HAEFFNER, Propristor.
!
Unrivalled position—PARK STRASSS-a hundred steps from the Kurhouse.
A BEAUTIFUL FIRST-CLASS ESTABLISHMENT.
The Only One inl^WIESBADEJT on Elevated ^Ground.
OFFCR-S HOIWCE C 02 VIF 0 R.T TO ENGLISH & AMERICAN FAMILIES.
EIET. 1 ELJ^CTItlC LIGHT. : 1 GARDENS.
SPLENDID mineral WATER BATHS-
PENSION AT REASONABLE TERMS.
Apply for Prospectus to the Proprietor, F. HOSEE.
46
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May,
!
1 ,
WILDBAD (Black Forest).
HOTEL KLUMPP
HYDBAULIG LIFTS TO EVEBY FLOOB.
THIS FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, with separate Breakfast,
Reading, Lady’s and Conversation Rooms, as well as a Smoking
Room. Large handsome Dining Saloon. An artificial garden
over the river. Beautifully situated in connection with the
Old and New Bath Buildings and Conversation House. Five
minutes’ walk from the English Church, and in the imme¬
diate vicinity of the Park and Pump Room. Well known
for its elegant and comfortable apartments. Grood Cuisine
and Wines, and deserves its wide - spread reputation as
one of the best hotels on the Continent. Table d’hote.
Restaurant. Correspondents of principal Banking Houses
of London, New York, &c., for the pay^ment of Circular Notes
and Letters of Credit.
OiVINIBUS OF THE HOTEL MEETS EVERY TRAIN. FINE PRIVATE CARRIAGES.
Capital Trout FisJiinf/ iu the River Etiz.
LAWN TENNIS AND CROQUET.
Reduced Terms for Rooms in May and September.
exce:i.i.z:nt accommodatzon.
WIESBADEN.
WHITE SWAH HOTEL.
Bath and Fenslon.
Mineral Water direct from the principal
spring, the Kochbrunaen.
W, NETJENDOUFF, Proprietor.
ZURICH.
Grand Hotel Bellevue au Sac.
Open all the year. 5 minutes from the
Station. Lift. Electric Light. Central
Heating Apparatus.
E. A. ROUT, Jlanaf/er.
ZURICH-DOLDER SotbE.
Finest situated Hotel in
Zurich.
Newly opened with Latest
Impro\ ements of Comfort.
Surrounded hy Magnificent
Woods and Parks.
Pension on very Moderate Charges.
Mail Coach. Tennis. Golf.
ASK FOP. TARIFF—
E. DISLMANN, Manager.
ZERMATT.
GRAND HOTEL TERMINUS.
F IHST-CLASS hotel with every modern comfort. Baths. Electric Light. Restaurant.
Table d’hote. Billiards. Cafe. Beading and Drawing Booms. Covered Verandah.
Guides. Carriages and Mules at the Hotel. Coupons accepted. Open from 15th May to
30th October. DOL-LAUBEB, Proprietor.
1899
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER
47
ZERMATT.
Yiege-Zermatt Railway.
SWITZERLAND.
OPEN FROM
15tli May
TO
31st October.
NARROW GAUGE,
COG WHEEL
RAILWAY,
Matterhorn.
Mont Rosa.
Goerner Grat.
This line is one of the most interesting and picturesque in the world.
The journey from Viege to Zermatt now only takes hours, formerly it
was a nine hours’ walk. Very comfortable Carriages. Special Saloon
Carriages to enable one to see tiie Grand Scenery along the line.
For departure of the Trains see the Time Table.
ZERMATT.
Seiler’s Grand Hotels.
HOTEL MONT ROSA, HOTEL MONT CERVIN. HOTEL ZERMATT.
HOTEL RIFFELALP. HOTEL RIFFEL. HOTEL SCHWARZ SEE.
Buffet at the Station. Doctor. Chemist. Baths. Moderate Prices.
OPEN FROM 1st MAY TO 30th OCTOBER.
48
MURRAY’S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER.
May, 1899.
DINNEFORD’S MAGNESIA.
The best Remedy for Acidity of the Stomach, Heartburn, Headache, j
Gout and Indigestion; the Safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions,
Ladies, Children, and Infants.
_SOLD THKOUailOUT THE WORLD,__
Opened CARLSBAD (BoHEMIA). Opened j
"“899."’ RESIDENZ HOTEL. "S"’
F IRST-CLASS HOTEL in the centre of the town, opposite the “Sprudel " and near the
other Springs, in place of the old Hotel, “ 3 Fasaneu.” Newly built, with all comfort.
Electric Light, Steam Heating, Lift, Telephone, and Baths. Splendid Dining and Cafe
Saloons, excellent Table, choice "iVines. Open Summer and tVinter. Omnibus at the
Station. Managed by the Proprietor, ANTON WIESINGER.
POCKET HANDBOOK
OF
TRAVEL TALK-
ENGLISH, FRENCH. GERMAN, and ITALIAN.
(In Parallel Columns}.
EIGHTEENTH EDITION. With Special Section for Cyclists. 32mo. 3s. Bd.
The Conversations supply every Modern Phrase likely to be
used by Travellers at the Present Day.
“ One of the most useful pocket companions .”—Vanity Fair.
“ Shows the wanderer how to carry on conversation in all the essential
arts of life in four tongues .”—Daily News.
“A cyclist who can ascertain whether the road is ‘bumpy,’ or point
out that his ‘nut’ is loose or his ‘tyre punctured,’ may sureiy regard
himself as equipped for every linguistic emergency.”— Guardian.
“ The best of its kind, judiciously modernized.”— Atliensdum.
“ One of the most useful phrase books in existence.”— Queen.
A Neat Convenient Book suitable for carrying in One’s Pocket.
London: JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, W
RARE BOOK
COLLECTION
THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF
NORTH CAROLINA
AT
CHAPEL HILL
Murray
1590
< •
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June, 1899.
[Continued.
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MURRAY’S CYCLIST’S ROAD-BOOK, from London through Chichester,
Portsmouth, Southampton, to the New Forest, and back by Romsey, Win¬
chester, Dorking, Leatherhead, and Epsom. Illustrated by a Road Atlas at
the end of the Book. Fcap, Svo, 2s.
ENGLISH CATHEDRALS.
HANDBOOK — SOUTHERN CATHEDRALS — Winchester, Salisbury,
Exeter, Wells, Rochester, Canterbury, Chichester, and St. Albans. With
130 Illustrations. 2 vois. Crown Svo. 36«.
*** St. Albans may be had separately. 6s.
HANDBOOK—EASTERN CATHEDRALS— Oxford, Peterborough, Ely,
Norwich, and Lincoln. With 90 Illustrations. Crown Svo. 21s.
HANDBOOK — WESTERN CATHEDRALS — Bristol, Gloucester, Here¬
ford, Worcester, and Lichfield. With 50 Illustrations. Crown 8yo. 16s.
HANDBOOK — WELSH CATHEDRALS —Llandaff, St. David’s, Bangor,
AND St. Asaph’s. With Illustrations. Crown Svo. 15s.
HANDBOOK—ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL. Woodcuts. Crown Svo. lOs. 6d.
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
June, 1899.
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