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51st CoNL^KESs, I HOUSE OF UK1'KE^^E^^TAT1VES. j Mis. Doc. 
 1a'/ Staaiun. ) (No. 133. 
 
 U. S. DEPARTMENT OV AGRICULTURE. 
 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 BIBLJOC^KAPHY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MOKE IMPOKTAXT COXTKlBrTIONS 
 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 PREPARED. UY AriHoRITV OF THE SECRETARY OF AilRlCULTURE. 
 
 r.v 
 
 S A M U K 1. H K N S H A W . 
 
 Paris I, II, and III. 
 
 THE M o K' K I M I'O IMA NT WHITING'S 
 
 BENJAMIN DANN WALSH 
 
 AND 
 
 CHARLES VALENTINE RILEY. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1890. 
 
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 BTBLIOGKAPHY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 TO 
 
 ^AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 PREPARKD. V,\ ArTirORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRTCULU'RE. 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL HENSHAW. 
 
 b PART I. 
 
 ) THE MORE IMPORTANT WRITINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 BENJAMIN DANN WALSH. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 188 9. 
 
 • > • 
 
FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION. 
 
 Congress of the Usitki) States, 
 
 In the House of Representatives, 
 
 June 24, 1882. 
 Resolved, By the House of Rupieseutativcs (the Senate concurring) that there be 
 printed, for the use of the Department of Agriculture, one thousand copies of a special 
 report, entitled "Bibliography of Economic Entomology." 
 Attest : 
 
 Ewn. McPherson, 
 Clerk. 
 Passed the Senate July i>, 18S-2. 
 
 F. E. Shober, 
 
 Acting Sicrciartj. 
 A true copy. 
 
 EwD. McPherson, 
 
 Clerk. 
 
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 
 
 U. S. Department of AgtRiculture, 
 
 Division of Entomology, 
 Washington, D. C, June 12, 1889. 
 Sir : In the absence of Professor Eiley, who is now at the Paris Ex- 
 position in official capacity, I beg to submit for publication Parts I, II, and 
 III of the Bibliography of American Economic Entomology, which was 
 ordered by Congress in July, 1882. Owing to various unforeseen delays 
 this work has not yet been completed. Its preparation was originally 
 assigned by Professor Riley to Mr. B. Pickman Mann, formerly of this 
 Division, and upon the severance of his connection with the Depart- 
 ment, in the fall of 1885, it was turned over in an incomplete and frag- 
 mentary condition to Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of Boston, who has added 
 greatly to it and practically rewritten the portions already prepared. 
 
 The extent of the work renders it advisable to publish it in several 
 parts, and as there is unquestionably a more urgent need on the part of 
 working economic entomologists for a bibliography of the writings of 
 B. D. Walsh and C. V. Riley than of others, on account of their great 
 number and value, these portions have been finished first. Their imme- 
 diate publication will probably antecede the publication of the final part 
 only by a few months. 
 
 Very respectfully, yours, 
 
 L. O. Howard, 
 
 Acting Entomologist. 
 Hon. J. M. Rusk, 
 
 Secretary of Agriculture. 
 
 BiSGAfiBEB 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS TO PARTS I, II, AND III. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Introduction 7 
 
 The writingsof B. D. Walsh (1860-1873) • 9 
 
 The Joint writings of B. D. Walsh and C. Y. Riley (18G8-1869) 51 
 
 The writings of C. V. Riley (1863-1888) 97 
 
 Systematic index of the new names: 
 
 By B. D. Walsh and by Walsh and Riley 373 
 
 By C. V. Riley 377 
 
 Index - 381 
 
INTRODUCTION TO PARTS I, II, AND III. 
 
 The object of the present lists is to record the principal entomolog- 
 ical writings of B. D. Walsh and C. V. Riley. Few will be likely to 
 criticize the association of the names of Walsh and Riley in a list of this 
 kind, so largely devoted to economic entomology, or to question the 
 desirability of collating their writings in advance of others. 
 
 As recognized authorities upon entomology, especially from an 
 economic standpoint, their writings have been extensively quoted 
 sometimes with, but frequently without, credit in the agricultural and 
 horticultural journals of the day. These secondary references, though 
 of a certain value when the original is inaccessible, have, as a rule, 
 been omitted. In citing such as are given I have used my personal 
 judgment. To have given all would have increased the size of the list 
 considerably with but a slight increase in its usefulness. 
 
 Occasionally, a publisher to meet some popular demand puts the 
 writings of an author into book form without the knowledge of the 
 latter. Such an occurrence has happened more than once with Dr. 
 Riley's writings. To mention but one : In 1877 Messrs. George Rut- 
 ledge & Sons, of London, published " The Colorado beetle, with sug- 
 gestions for its repression and methods of destruction," with Dr. Riley's 
 name upon the title-page as author. This is a partial reprint of Potato 
 Pests entirely unsanctioned and published without knowledge of the au- 
 thor. (See London Times, October 17, 1887.) These publishers' re- 
 prints are omitted from this list. The " S.-b." after the reference of many 
 of the articles from the agricultural and other journals refers to the 
 series of scrap-books used in divisional work. 
 
 A biographical sketch of Dr. Walsh is given in the second volume of 
 the American Entomologist, Vol. II, No. 3, pp. 65-68, January, 1870. 
 
 The chief facts in Dr. Riley's life may be found in the "Common- 
 wealth of Missouri" (1875) and the I\'ational Farmer, Seittember 20, 1883. 
 
 In the preparation of the list I have freely used all data accumulated 
 by the Division, notably the work of Mr. B. P. Mann and a private 
 list of Dr. Riley's. 
 
 Many persons, both within and without the Department, have kindly 
 answered my inquiries. — S. H. 
 
 7 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 THE WRITINGS OF B. D. WALSH (1860-1873). 
 
 1. Walsh, B. D. Bark-lice. < Western Eural. S.-b. No. 3, p. 11. 
 
 Habits of Lecanium compared with Aspidiotas l=^M!jtilaspls'\. 
 
 2. Walsh, B. D. Entomological notes. <Prairie Farmer, 17 May, 
 
 1860, [v. 21], n. s., v. 5, pp. 308-309, figs. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 42-43. 
 
 Notice of Coccus harrisii n. sp. l^^Chionaspis furfuruii'\; figure of its scales; 
 description and figure of Capaus oblineatits [_=^Lijgus pratensis'l infesting 
 apple, quince, and i>ear trees ; figure of larva case and imago and descrip- 
 tion of Phycita nebulo [=:Aeroba>iifi indiginellal; figures of imago and of in- 
 juries of Amphiceriis bicaudatus; habits of the same and of Scoli/tus l=:Xyle- 
 boru8'\ pyri, Saperda hlvlttata [=ca»(rf(V?fl] and Chrynohothris femorata ; means 
 against the last. 
 
 3. Walsh, B. D. "Cutworms." <Prairie Farmer, 9 August, 1860, 
 
 [v. 22], u. s., V. 6, pp. 82-83, fig. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 84-85. 
 Account of the larvje of Lachnosterna qnercina [^/HscrtJ of Elaterida' of 
 AgrotidcB and of Pangus l^Hai'palua'l caliginosm ; figures of larvte and 
 images of the same or allied species; also of Reteronychus [=Ltgij/r««] 
 relictus, Lopha [^::=Bembidium'\ 4-macidatum and Agonoderus palUpes. 
 
 4. Walsh, B. D. [Ips quadrisignatus, Say.] <Prairie Farmer, 1860, 
 
 [v. 22], n. s., V. 0, p. — .• 
 Ips A-signatua l=^fasciatu8'\ attacks growing ears of sweet corn. 
 
 5. Walsh, B. D.] "Insect Life." < Proc. Agric. Con v.; Ann. meet- 
 
 ing 111. Nat. Hist. Soc; Comm. Exerc. State Normal Univ. 
 [Bloomington, 111.], 1860, pp. 11-12. 
 Report, compiled from Chicago papers of address delivered before the Illi- 
 nois Natural History Society ; comparison between injurious insects and 
 an invading army; necessity of appropriations for carrying on entomologi- 
 cal work; economic entomology iu Europe; importance of beneficial in- 
 sects. 
 
 9 
 
10 . BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 6. Walsh, B. D. lusects injurious to vegetation in Illinois. < Trans. 
 
 111. State Agric. Soc, September, 1861, v. 4, pp. 335-378, figs. 
 1-11. Separate: 18G1, 43 pp., 1 pi. Reprint in part : < Trans. 
 111. ISat. Hist. Soc., V. 1. Prairie Farmer, G December, 1861, 
 . fv. — ], n. s., V. — , pp. 370-371. 
 
 Ravages of injurious insects; enemies of the same ; notes on Cecidomyia de- 
 structor, Saperd0 bioittata \_=^candida^, Chrysobothris femorata, Conotravhelus 
 nenuphar and Blissus leucopterus ; natural history, ravages and means 
 against Leucania uuipuncta ; figures its larva, pupa and imago; descrip- 
 tions and figures primary and secondary parasites of the army- worm; fig- 
 ures Rippodamia (=^ MegiUa) maculata, Coccinella niunda l^sanguinea'] and 
 a larval coccinellid. 
 
 7. Walsh, B. D. From Benj. D. Walsb. < Illinois Farmer, October, 
 
 1861. 
 
 Denies statement attributed by C. Thomas (Illinois Farmer, September-, 
 1861), that he (Walsh) believed in the hibernation of the pupa of Leucania 
 unipuncta. 
 
 8. Walsh, B. D. The army-worm question. < Prairie Farmer, 5 De- 
 
 cember, 1861, [v. 24], n. s., v. 8-, pp. 370-371. S.-b., No. 4, p. 22. 
 
 Replies to arguments of C. Thomas (Prairie Farmer, 1861, v. 8, pp. 306-307), 
 on the hibernation of Leucania unipuncta. 
 
 9. Walsh, B. D. The army-worm question. Mr. Walsh's reply. 
 
 < Field I^^otes, 14 December, 1861. 
 
 Controversial answer to the assertion of J. H. Klippart (Field Notes, 30 No- 
 vember, 1861), that the larvae of Leucania unipuncta are viviparous. 
 
 10. Walsh, B. D. The army-worm and its enemies. <Prairie Farm- 
 
 er, 1861, [v. 24], n. s.,v. 8, p. 4. Reprint: <Trans. 111. Nat. 
 Hist. Soc, V. 1. Prairie Farmer, 6 December, 1861, [v. 24], n. s., 
 V. 8, pp. 370-371. 
 
 Popular account of some of the parasites of Leucania unipuncta. 
 
 11. Walsh, B. D. The army-worm. <Prairie Farmer, 1861-, [v. 24], 
 
 n. s., V. 8, pp. 257-258. Reprint: <Trans. 111. State Agric. 
 Soc, 1861, V. 4, pp. 373-375. 
 
 Hibernation of the egg ; spring burning as a means against Lucania unipuncta; 
 description of Hockeria [:=HaItichella] perpulclira n. sp. ; notes on other 
 parasites. 
 
 12. Walsh, B. D. The army-worm and its insect foes. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 1861, [v. 24 1, n. s., v. 8, pp. 322-323; 337-339; 354- 
 355. 
 
 Habits and description of larva and imago of Leucania unipuncta; hiberna- 
 tion of the egg; figures of larva, pupa and imago; also of Exorista \_=Ne- 
 mouPM'] leucania', Pezomachus minimus, Microgaster l^=Apanteles'\ militaris, 
 Hockeria [==:ffai<tc/ieZ/a] perpulchra and Glyphe viridascens. 
 
 13. Walsh, B. D. Bug preying on honey-bee. <Prairie Farmer, 1861. 
 
 S.-b., No. 4, p. 7. 
 
 Unknown heteropteron, said to prey on Apis melHfica. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOG.i'. 11 
 
 14. Walsh, B. D. The pea uud its iusect foe. <Prairie Farmer, 18G1. 
 
 S.b., No. 4, p. 12. 
 
 Uuknown leaf-mijier aud leaf-eater on pea; directions for rearing insects. 
 
 15. Walsh, B. D. The grain weevil. <Joiirn. 111. State Agric. Soc, 
 
 January, 1862, tig. Reprint: <Trans. 111. State Agric. Soc. v. 
 5, pp. 484-485. 
 Sitophilus [= Calandra'\ remotepunctata infests w^at. 
 
 16. Walsh, B. D. [Ithyceriis noveboracensis.]^ <St. Louis Valley 
 
 Farmer, March, 1862, v. 14, pp. 82-85, fig. 
 Ithyceru.s noveboracensis attacks twigs of fruit trees in nurseries. 
 
 17. Walsh, B. D. [Army-worm.] <St. Louis Valley Farmer, 1862, v. 
 
 14, p. 161. 
 
 Correction of mistake of E. S. Washington (St. Louis Valley Farmer, 1862, 
 V. 14, p. IGl), who mistook parasitic larvie for young Leucania anipuncta; 
 economy of parasites of army-worm. 
 
 18. Walsh, B. D. [Brachytarsus variegatus.] <Journ. 111. State 
 
 Agric. Soc, March, 1862, pp. 8-12, fig. 
 Brachytarsus variegatus parasitic (?) on a large orange-colored cecidomyid (?) 
 larva in stems of wheat. 
 
 19. Walsh, B. D. A new insect in wheat, Bruchns. <Journ. 111. 
 
 State Agric. Soc, April, 1862. Reprint: <Tran8. 111. State 
 Agric. Soc, V. 5, pp. 485-490. 
 
 20. Walsh, B. D. [Two apple-tree borers.] <Jouru. 111. State Agric. 
 
 Soc, June, 1862, pp. 21-23. 
 Treats of Chrysobothris femorata and Saperda bivittata [=ra«rfjda]. 
 
 21. Walsh, B. B. [Colorado potato beetle.] <St. Louis Valley Farmer, 
 
 July, 1862, pp. 209-210. Reprint (?) : <Prairie Farmer, 6 June, 
 1863, V. — , p. 356, fig. 
 
 Doryphora lO-lineaia infests egg plants, potato and tomato vines, etc., in 
 Kansas and Iowa. 
 
 22. Walsh, B. D. Fire-blight. Two new foes of the apple and pear. 
 
 <Prairie Farmer, 6 September, 1862, [v. 26], n. s., v. 10, pp. 
 
 147-149, fig. Separate: pp.4. 
 Fire-blight defined ; probably caused by attacks of Chloroneura vialefica 
 
 [^=Empoasca viridescens'\ and C. maligna [-=/!J. obtnm'\ ; characters, habits, 
 
 and ravages of the same: synoptic separation of .several genera of Typhlo- 
 
 cybini', two (2) new genera and thirteen (13) new species are described. 
 
 For a list of the same see the SyHtnnatic Index. The figures show C. male- 
 
 fica and C. maligna aud the venation of allied forms. 
 (NoTK. — The descriptive portion with figures is reprinted in Proc. Bost. Soc. 
 
 Nat. Hist., February, 1864, v. 9, pp. 314-318.) 
 
 23. Walsh, B. D. Plant lice, the corn-root louse, a new enemy to the 
 
 corn. <Journ. 111. State Agric Soc, September, 1862, pp. 
 8-13, fig. Reprint : <Trans. 111. State Agric. Soc, v. 5, pp. 
 491-497, fig. 
 Aphis viaidis (?) infests the roots of young Indian corn as well as the stems of 
 the roasting ears. 
 
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 24. Walsh, B. D. List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois contained 
 
 in the cabinet of the writer, with descriptions of over forty new 
 species, and notes on their structural affinities. <Proc. Acad 
 Nat. Sci. Phil., September, 1862, pp. 361-402. 
 
 One hundred and niDe(109) species are enumerated; two (2) new genera and 
 forty (40) new species are described. For a list of the same see the Sys- 
 tematic In Hex. ^ 
 
 25. Walsh, B. T>. [Erythroneura trieincta Fitch.] < St. Louis Valley 
 
 Farmer, October, 1862, pp. 305-306, fig. 
 
 Erythroneura [ = Tyi)hlocyba'\ trieincta on grape-vines. 
 
 26. Walsh, B. D. Grasshoppers and locusts. < Journ. 111. State 
 
 Agric. Soc, November, 1862, pp. 1-3. Reprint: < Trans. Ilh 
 State Agric. Soc, v. 5, pp. 497-499. 
 
 Injuries of locusts in the Mississippi Valley ; differences between locusts and 
 Cicadas. 
 
 27. Walsh, B.D. On the genera of Aj)/tM(c found in the United States. 
 
 < Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., December, 1862, v. 1, pp. 294-311, figs. 
 1-8. 
 
 Synoptic separation of the genera ; list of seventy (70) species found in the 
 United States, with food habitat ; Aphis 1= Nectar 02}hora] rudheckiw Fitch, A. 
 vitis ? Scoji., A.maidis ? Fitch, Lachnus caryce Harris, Thelaxes l=^Colopha'\ 
 uhnicola Fitch are described ; one (I) new genus and eleven (11) new species 
 are described ; see the Systematic Index for a list of the same ; the figures 
 show venation and other details. Two (2) new ants, Formica aphidicola and 
 F. l=Lasius'] latipes, are described. 
 
 28. Walsh, B. D. [Observations on Papilio glaucus and P. turnus.] 
 
 < Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., February, 1863, v. 1, pp. 349-352. 
 
 Reasons for considering turnus and glaucus identical; the latter a dimorphic 
 9 of the former; distribution of the two forms; citation of similar case 
 among Pierida; and of analogous one among Dytiscidw ; description of larva 
 from which a black J' was raised. 
 
 29. Walsh, B. D. [Katydid eggs.] < Prairie Farmer, 28 February, 
 
 1863, [V. 27], n. s., v. 11, p. 132, fig. 
 Oviposition of katydid eggs on apple-twigs. 
 
 30. Walsh, B. D. Fire-blight. < Prairie Farmer, 4 April, 1863, [v. 
 
 27], n. s., V. 11, p. 212, fig. S.-b., No. 1, p. 10. 
 
 Description and figures of eggs of Chloroneura malefica \_=Em2)oasca viride- 
 8cens'\ and the slits in which they are deposited in apple-twigs; cause of 
 fire-blight ; suggestion of remedies. 
 
 31. Walsh, B. D. Insects injurious to fruit trees. < Prairie Farmer, 
 
 2 May, 1863, [v. 27], n. s.,v. 11, p. 276, fig. S.-b., :So. 1, p. 9. 
 Fruit and foliage of pear-trees destroyed by Capsus oblineatm \_=Lygus pra- 
 tensis'] ; description and figure of imago ; habits, food-plants, and remedies. 
 
 32. Walsh, B. D. The ten-striped spearman. < Prairie Farmer, 6 
 
 June, 1863, [v. 27], n. s., v. 11, p. 356, fig. S.-b., No. 1, p. 7. 
 
 History, ravages, aud means against Doryphora lO-Uneata ; figure of imago ; 
 mentions other injurious Phytophaga. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 13 
 
 33. Walsh, B.D. The plmn-gouger; anew foe of the plum. < Prairie 
 
 Fiirmer, 13 June, 18G3, [v. 27], n. s., v. 11, pp. 372-373, ligs. 1-3. 
 S.-b., No. 1, p. 6. 
 Habits, description, and figures of Anthonomiix 1 prunicida n. sp. [= Cocco- 
 tonin scntellarin], injurious to phitns; couiparisou with Conotracht;! us nenu- 
 phar ; figure of the latter. 
 
 34. Walsh, B. D. The plum-gouger. < Prairie'Farmer, 11 July, 18G3, 
 
 [v. 28J, u. s., V. 12, p. 21, 2 figs. S.-b., No. 1, p. 10. 
 Distributiou and ravages of AnthonomiiH prunicida l=:Corc()lorus ncutellaris] ; 
 list of insects found on plum-trees ; description of Conotrachelun puncticollia 
 n. ep. [=C geminatus']; usefulness of Eeduvius raptatcriua l=Sinea dia- 
 denia'\ ; figures A. prunicida and B. raptutorius. 
 
 35. Walsh, B. D. A new fruit foe. < Prairie Farmer, 18 July, 18G3, 
 
 [v. 28], n. s., V. 12, p. 37, fig. S.-b., No. 1., p. 11. 
 
 Description and figure of imago of Epiccprus imh-icatus ; injuries to fruit trees 
 and gooseberry-bushes; supposed habits of this and allied species ; hiber- 
 nation of the larva of Conotraohelus ; description of C. cratcegi n. sp. 
 
 3G. Walsh, B. D. Leaf-hopper. < Prairie Farmer, 25 July, 1863, [v. 
 28], n. s., V. 12, p. 53. 
 Proconia [= Oncometopia'\ undata injurious to grape-vines in southern Illinois; 
 its eggs laid in twigs. 
 
 37. Walsh, B. D. Locust borers. < Prairie Farmer, 15 August, 1863, 
 
 [v. 28], n. s., V. 12, p. 101. S.-b., No. 1, p. 12. 
 
 Description and habits of Clytus [= CyUene} rohinm; C!)jtus of Carya does not 
 attack Eobinia ; Cossus rohiniw mentioned ; larvae and imagos of XitiduUdce 
 found under decaying bark. 
 
 38. Walsh, B. D. Insect friends and insect foes. The twice-stabbed 
 
 lady-bird. < Prairie Farmer, 1863, [v. 28], n. s., v. 12; 22 Au- 
 gust, p. 117, figs. 1, 2 ; 29 August, p. 133, figs. 3, 4. S.-b., No. 1, 
 pp. 11-12. 
 Description and figure of imago of Chilocorua bivulnerua ; figure of larva; de- 
 struction of injurious insects by predaceous insects; brief description of 
 and means against Lytta cinerea \_= Macrohanis unicolor'\, found on potato, 
 English bean, and apple, and L. [_^Epicauta'\ vittata, on potato ; figures Lyita 
 atrata l=£picauia pennsylvanica}, found onaster and potato, and larva-cases 
 of Solenobia sp. from under bark of apple-trees ; note on allies of Solenohia. 
 
 39. Walsh, B, D. Observations on certain N. xV. Neuroptera, by H. 
 
 Hagen, M. D., of Koeuigsberg, Prussia ; translated from the orig- 
 inal French MS., and published by permission of the author, with 
 notes and descriptions of about twenty new N. A. species of 
 Pseudoneuroptera. <Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., October, 1863, v. 
 2, pp. 167-272, fig. 
 Dr. Hagen's comments relate to the species described in No. 24 ; the author's 
 • notes supplement these and describe three (3) new geuera and twenty-three 
 
 (23) new species ; for a list of these, see the Systematic Index; descriptions 
 of previously described species, with notes on their habits, distribution, 
 etc., are also given; Beetis interlineata l=:Siphlurus femoratua] is proposed 
 
14 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 39. Walsh, B. D.— Continued. 
 
 (p. 190) iu case B. [=aS'.J /emorft/a Walsh is distinct from B. \^^ S.'\ fentorata 
 Say ; in a note (p. 255) OpMogomphus mainensis n. sp. is described from 
 Packard's manuscript; the venation of the Odonata and the terminal ab- 
 dominal characters of Sialia infumata are figured. 
 
 40. Walsh, B. D. On certain remarkable or exceptional larvte, coleop- 
 
 terous, lepidopterous, and dipterous, with descriptions of sev- 
 eral new genera and species, and of several species injurious to 
 vegetation, which have been already published in agricultural 
 journals. <Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., February, 1864, v. 9, 
 pp. 286-318. 
 Habits of the larva of Coialpa lanigera, Pelidnota punctata, Cratonychus [= Me- 
 lanotus'\ incertus, and Xyloryctes satyrus ; comparative characters of the larva 
 and imago of Halisidota antipkoJa n. sp. [^ iessellaris'] ; description of larva, 
 pupa, and imago of Sphingicampa (n. g.) distigma n. sp. l^hicolorl ; char- 
 acters and affinities of Dryocampa [=; Sphingicampa'] bicolor f ; description of 
 imagos of Limacodes scapha and L. ? [= Phobetron] hyalimis n. sp., and of 
 larva of the last and L. f [= Phobetron?'] tetradactylus n. sp. ; description of 
 the larva, pupa, and imago oi HlpparcMscus u. g. venustits n. sp. \_^=^Aplodes 
 mimosaria]; habits and description of the larva of an undetermined Taba- 
 nus, description of the pupa; description of the larva, pupa, and imago of 
 Midas fulvipes n. sp., habits of its larva. On pp. 309-318 descriptions of 
 several new species, with brief notes of food-habits, etc., are reprinted from 
 various agricultural journals. 
 
 41. Walsh, B. D. On dimori)liism in the hymenopterous genus Cynips', 
 
 with an appendix containing hints for a new classification of 
 Cynipidce and a list of Cynipidcc, including descriptions of sev- 
 eral new species, inhabiting the oak-g^lls of Illinois. <Proc. 
 Ent. Soc. Phil, March, 1864, v. 2, pp. 443-500, fig. 
 
 Detailed observations proving the frequent occurrence of dimorphism in the 
 Cynijjidw; Cynips {_=^ Amphiholips] aciculata, a dimorphic form of C. q. 
 spongifica; concludes from analogy " that acicw/ato 9 generates galls which 
 produce by parthenogenesis $ sj>OH(/(^ca exclusively, and that $ 9 spongi- 
 fica coupling in June with these $ $ oVip6sit in the same month in the 
 young buds of the oak, the eggs lying dormant till the following spring, 
 Avhen some of the eggs produce 9 spongifica in June, and sontie 9 aciculata 
 in the autumn or early in the following sj^ring, which last in their turn, as 
 before mentioned, generate $ spongifica to appear in the following June;" 
 interesting details concerning the history of the group are given; relations 
 between the true gall-flies {Psenides) and parasitic Cynipidce {Inquilince)', 
 classification and characters of the same ; auatoniical structure and homolo- 
 gies of the family; the list includes fifteen (15) species inhabiting the 
 various oaks, with descriptions of their galls aud of several new species; 
 seven (7) species of Inquilina; are described; for the new species, see the 
 Systematic Index ; the figures illustrate the anatomy of the abdomen and 
 ovipositor. 
 
 42. Walsh, B. T>. The four-humped Curculio. A new- foe of the ap- 
 
 ple. <Valley Farmer. Beprint : <Prairie Farmer, 27 August, 
 1864, [v. 30], n. s., v. 14, p. 131, 2 figs. S.-b., No. 1, p. 28. 
 
 Descrii)tion and figures of Anthononms quadrigihbus, a foe of the apple; com- 
 parison with Conotrachclus nenuphar and Anthonomus prurAcida [= Cocco- 
 torus scuteUaris]. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 15 
 
 43. Walsh, B. D. Ou the pupa of the ephemeriuous genus Bcvtisca 
 
 Walsh. <Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., August, 1864, v. 3, pp. 200- 
 206, fig. 
 Description and figures of the pupa of liatiaca obexa Hay. 
 
 44. Walsh, B. D. On certain entomological speculations of the New 
 
 England school of naturalists. < Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., Au- 
 gust-September, 1864, V. 3, pp. 207-249. 
 
 Discussion of statements, chiefly by Prof. L. Agassiz, upon questions in gen- 
 eral entomology. The memoir is divided into sections ; in the first, the dis- 
 tribution of insects in North America is discussed in opposition to the 
 views of Agassiz ; in the second section the Darwinian theory of the origin 
 of species is discussed and some remarks on the variation of several species 
 are added; in the third and fourth sections the statements of Prof. Agas- 
 siz regarding the worm-like larva stage of insects and the resemblances 
 between the pupa? of insects and the Crustacea are discussed and criticised; 
 in the fifth section the author argues that the relative rank of the diflfer- 
 ent orders of insects must be determined from a consideration of all the 
 characters of each order and not from the significance of any one character ; 
 the sixth section is a review of Dana's classification of insects on the prin- 
 ciple of cephalization ; and in the seventh section several erroneous state- 
 ments and generalizations in the same author's paper on classification are 
 pointed out. 
 
 45. Walsh, B, D. On phytophagic varieties and phytophagic species. 
 
 <Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., i^ovember, 1864, v. 3, pp. 403-430. 
 
 Many species feed exclusively upon a single food-plant, while other species 
 feed upon many kinds; correlated with this are certain larval or imag- 
 inal difi'erences : when these different forms interbreed they are considered 
 the same species and are termed phytophagic varieties ; these when sepa- 
 rated with a single kind of food-plant form phytophagic races, and these 
 again by a continuation of their isolation form phytophagic species. Phy- 
 tophagous forms are most abundant where the imago is wingless. Dia- 
 pheromera velii, Timjis {_=Garga2)hia'] illia; and T. [;=;(7.] amorpho! are 
 described as new ; the following are mentioned in the remarks upon siiecies 
 and varieties: Haltica [_= Disonycha'] alternata, Chrysomela scalaria, Clytua 
 [^ Cyllene'] rohinice, C. [=C. J pictus, Dryocampa [= Sphingicampal hicolor, 
 Sphivgicamjya distigma [= hicolor^, Bomhyx [= Sericaria'} mori, Halisidota 
 teaseJlaris, H caryce, H. antiphola [= teasellarisl, Cynips \_^ AmphiboUpa] g. 
 spongifica, C. \_-= Andricual q. punctata, C. [= J.] q. 2>odagra;, and C. [=^m- 
 phiboUjJs'] q. inaniH. 
 
 46. Walsh, B. D. On the insects, coleopterous, hymenopterous, and 
 
 dipterous, inhabiting the galls of certain species of willow. 
 Part 1st— Diptera. <Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., December, 1864, 
 V. 3, pp. 543-044. 
 
 Structural characters, habits, metamorphoses, etc., of Ceeidomyidfr ; remarks 
 on the unity of habits in genera ; synopsis of cecidomyidous galls of Salix ; 
 descriptions of new species, their galls and in((uilines ; for a list of the aew 
 species, see the Systematic Index. See No. 197 for Part 2d. 
 
 47. W^ALSH, B. D. The borer. <Colman's Eural World. Reprint; 
 
 <Prairie F'armer, G May, 1865, v. 15, p. ^Ho. 
 
 Notice of soap as a means against borers. 
 
K; lilBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 48. Walsh, B. D. The new potato-bug and its natural hiscory. <Pract. 
 
 Eut., 30 October, 1865, v. 1, pp. 1-4. 
 Record of the spread eastwards of Doi-yp^ora W-lineata; description of the 
 ejrg ; food-plants, enemies, and means against the same ; comparative char- 
 acters of D.juncta and V. 10-Uneata ; species of Meloidw injurious to the 
 potato. 
 
 49. [Walsh, B.D.] The joint- worm. <Pract. Ent., 27 November, 1865, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 11, 12. 
 
 Reasons for disbelieving that the joint-worm is the larva of one of the Chal- 
 cididce. 
 
 50. Walsh, B. D. On phytophagic varieties and phytophagic species, 
 
 with remarks on the unity of coloration in insects. <Proc. 
 Ent. Soc. riiil., November-December, 1865, v. 5, pp. 194-216, 
 fig. See : <Amer. Journ. Sci., September, 1865, ser. 2, v. 40, 
 pp. 282-284. <Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., November, 1865, 
 ser. 3, V. 16, pp. 383, 384. 
 Argues for the origin of races and species by phytophagic isolation ; refers to 
 Datana ministra, D. contracta, HalisidotatesseUaris, H. antiphola \_— H. teasel- 
 lari8'\, n. harrisil [= H. tessellaris], Arhopalus I— Cyllene'\ pictus, A. [= C] 
 robiniw, A. infaustiis [=C. decorws], CalUdiuvi aiitennatum, C. janthinum, 
 Conotrachelm nenuphar, Doryplwra 10-lineata, and D. juncta ; unity of color- 
 ation explained by assumption of a genetic connection between various 
 species; figure showing bulla; on wing o{ Ichneumon. 
 
 51. W[ALSH], B.D. [Cicada years.] <Pract. Ent., 25 December, 1865, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 18-19. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill; Cicada districts of the United States, 
 as given by Fitch in N. Y. Rept. I, p. 39; habits of C. [= Tihiceii'\ septen- 
 decim, 
 
 52. Walsh, B. D. Insects injurious to vegetation in Illinois. <Tran8. 
 
 111. State Agric. Soc, 1865, v. 5, pp. 469-483, figs. 
 
 Notes on injurious insects in Illinois in 1861; life-history and ravages of 
 Leuca7iia unipimcta. 
 
 53. Walsh, B. D. The "Thrips" of the vine-growers. What is it? 
 
 <Pract. Ent., 25 December, 1865, v. 1, pp. 20-21. 
 The ThripH of fruit-growers probably not a true Thrips; food-habits of 
 Thrip.i. 
 
 54. Walsh, B. D. The grub-worm. <Colman's Rural World, Decem- 
 
 ber, 1865. S.-b., No. 1, p. 51. 
 
 Habits, ravages, and means against Laehnosternaquercina [=/«sca] ; its larva 
 compared with that of LigyruH relictus ; vernacular names of the Lach- 
 nostcrna and of Allorhina nitida. 
 
 55. Walsh, B. D. Borers. <Pract. Ent., 29 January, 1866, v. 1, pp. 
 
 25-31, figs. 1-8. 
 
 Remarks on the name "borer;" figures, natural history, and means against 
 Saperda hivittata \_^^ candidal, Chri/sohothris femorata, Bostrichus l=z Amphi- 
 cerus} hicaudatm, Jifjeria \_==^ Sannina] exitiosa, A. tipuUformis, Clytiis l=Cyl- 
 lene'] robinia; C. [=C] pictus, and Ccrasphorus [= C/ito»] cinctus; need of 
 State aid against injurious insects. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 17 
 
 56. [Walsh, B. D.| [Attagemisf injuring feathers.] <Pract. Ent., 26 
 
 Februar}-, 1800, v. 1, p. 34. 
 Auswer to iiuiuiry of I\. Paruell ; ravages of and iiicaiiH against Dermestidce. 
 
 57. [Walsh, B. D.] [Codling motb.J <Pract. Ent., 2G February, 
 
 ISGG, V. 1, p. 34. 
 Auswer to iniiuiiy of Isaac Hicks; uatural history and means against C'ar- 
 pocapaa pomonella. 
 
 58. [Walsh, B. D.J [Apliididcc] <Pract. Ent., 26 February, 1866, v. 
 
 1, p. 34. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Foster, jr. ; coraparative characters of Erioaoma 
 \^= Scliizoneura \ lanigera and Pemphujnis pijri l=SchizoneHra lanigej'a']. 
 
 59. [Walsh, B. D.J [Mites mistaken for plant-lice.] <Pract. Ent., 20 
 
 February, 1866, v. 1, p. 34. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Smith ; distinctive characters of Insecta and 
 Arachuida ; description and habitat of the eggs of Aphii malt. 
 
 60. [Walsh, B. D.] [Saddle- back caterpillar.] <Pract. Ent., 20 Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1806, V. 1, p. 34. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. 1'. M. ; description of the larva and imago of Emprelia 
 stimulea ; urticating properties of the larva. 
 
 61. W[alshJ, B. D. [Red-humped prominent.] <Pract. Ent., 20 Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1806, V. 1, p. 35. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. D. Wright; life-habits of Noiodonta [= (Edema8ia'\ 
 concinna. 
 
 62. Walsh, B. D. The joint-worm. <Pract. Ent., 20 February, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 37-38. 
 Habitats of the larva of Cecidomyia destructor and of Bury totna sp. ; criticism 
 of A. Fitch's report upon the latter. 
 
 63. W[alsh, B. D.]. Entomology all a humbug. <Pract. Ent., 26 Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1866, V. 1, p. 39. 
 Fewness of entomologists and the multiplicity of their duties the reason why 
 so little has been effected against noxious insects. 
 
 64. W[alsh], B. D. [Cocoons of Ichueumon-liies.J <Pract. Ent., 26 
 
 March, 1806, v. 1, p. 46. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill; life-habits of the Microgasters. 
 
 65. W[ALSH], B. D. [Mass of eggs.] <Pract. Ent, 20 March, 1866, v. 
 
 1, p. 46. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. R. Payne ; characters and life-habits of Orgyia 
 leucostigma. 
 
 66. [Walsh, B.D.] [Apple- tree caterpillar; parasites.] <Pract. Ent, 
 
 26 March, 1860, v. 1, p. 46. 
 Answer to inquiries of G. E. Brackett ; food-plants of Vliaiocampa americana ; 
 charact«rs and habits of Tachinida ; habits of secondary parasites. 
 
 67. W[ALSH], B. D. Apple-tree borers. <Pract Ent., 26 March, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 47. 
 Reprint, with remarks, of "Apple-tree borers" (Journ. of Commerce); ex- 
 tract from A. Fitch, of larval habits of Saperda bivitlala [= Candida'}. 
 
 Sent 
 
18 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 68. Walsh, B. D. The white grub. <Pract. Ent., 30 April, 186C, v. 
 
 1, pp. GO-62. 
 Descriptions and habits of the larval states of Lachnosierna quercina l=^fusca-\ 
 and Ligyrus relictus ; ravages and food-habits of the former; the hog as a 
 white-grub destroyer. 
 
 69. Walsh, B. D. [Apple-tree scales.] <Pract. Ent., 30 April, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 64. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. S. Pennington; descriptions and ravages o{ Mytilaspis 
 pomoru)n and Chloiiaspis furfurus; Cocci nellidw as a means against the 
 former ; petroleum as a remedy against bark-lice. 
 
 70. Walsh, B. D. [Clothes-moths.] <Pract. Ent., 30 April 1866, v. 
 
 1, p. 64. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Canby; habits and means against Tineidw. 
 
 71. Walsh, B. D. [Poplar borer.] <Pract. Ent., 30 April, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 64. 
 Answer to inquiry of P. C. Truman; larva and imago of Saperda calcaraia 
 infesting cottouwood. 
 
 72. Walsh, B. D. [Worms in flour and rye.] <Pract. Ent., 30 April, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 64. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. D. Hunt; descriptions and habits of Tenebrio molitor 
 and Dermestes lardarius. 
 
 73. Walsh, B. D. Popular remedies for noxious insects. <Pract. 
 
 Ent., 28 May, 1866, v. 1, pp. 71-74. 
 Criticism of various worthless remedies against injurious insects. 
 
 74. Walsh, B. D. [Serica iricolor Say.] <Pract. Ent., 28 May, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 77. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Seibert ; description, ravages, and habitat of 
 Serica iricolor. 
 
 75. Walsh, B. D. [Measuring- worms.] <Pract. Ent., 28 May, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 77. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Siveter; habits of Ennomoa magnaria \_=::alniaria'\ ; 
 food-phiuts, habits, and means against E. [=:: Eudalimia~i subsiguaria and. 
 Anisoptenjx \_=.Palcacrita'^ ventata. 
 
 76. Walsh, B. D. \Lygiis pratensis.] <Pract. Ent., 25 May, 1866, v. 
 
 1, pp. 77-78. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. B. Howarth; habits and odors of Lijgus pratensis ; 
 changes insects pass through. 
 
 77. Walsh, B. D. [Apple-tree insects.] <Pract. Ent., 28 May, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 78. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Cooke; an unnamed tineid moth raised from cocoons 
 off twigs of apple-tree ; Hemiteles sp. and Mici-ogaster sp. bred from cocoons 
 attached to eggs of CUaiocampa americana. 
 
 78. Walsh, B.D. [Destructive currant- worm. J <Pract.Ent.,28May, 
 
 1806, V. 1, p. 78. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Smith; cocoon and sexual characters of Xematua 
 ribis 1=^ ribeaii']. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 19 
 
 79. Walsh, B. D. [Ej?g slits made by Uonioptera.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 28 May, 18G6, v. 1, p. 78. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Dadant; slits in poar-twigs caused Ijy Chloroneura 
 malefica [ = Empoaaca viridescens'] ; Proconia [= OncomelojJia'] undata oviposits 
 in grape-viucs. 
 
 80. Walsh, B. D. [Plaut-lice.J <Pract. Ent., 28 May, 1866, v. 1, p. 
 
 78. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Flonrnoy ; characters, habits, enemies, and moana 
 against Jphidido'. 
 
 81. Walsh, B. D. [Insects injuring- plum-trees.] <Pract. Ent, 28 
 
 May, 1866, t. 1, p. 78. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. C. Hammond; JEgeria [^^Sannina] ejcitiom and an 
 elaterid larva attacking plum-trees; the latter probably attracted by de- 
 cayed matter, the work of the peach borer. 
 
 82. Walsh, B. D. Prof. Dana and his entomological speculations. 
 
 <Proc. Ent. Soc. PhiL, May-June, 1866, v. 6, pp. 116-121. 
 
 Rejoinder to J. D. Dana's reply to criticism upon the classification of insects. 
 
 83. Walsh, B. D. Clover- worms. <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 pp. 82-83. 
 
 Summary of published observations ooncerning Asopia costulis ; points which 
 need explanation ; probable remedy. 
 
 84. Walsh, B. D. Click-beetles. <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 83. 
 
 Note toW.'s "Click-beetles;" snapping of Elateridw ; Jaeger's Life of N. Am, 
 Insects and Emmons' N. Y. Report unreliable. 
 
 85. Walsh, B. D. Cut- worms. <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 1, pp. 
 
 85-86. 
 
 Definition, food-habits, and means against cut-worms ; climbing habits ; cut- 
 worms in California. See Nos. 229, 281. 
 
 86. Walsh, B.D. The canker-worm. Finding a mare's nest. <Pract. 
 
 Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 1, p. 87. 
 
 Criticism of communication in Western Rural ; improbability of the report 
 that Anxsopteryx [^^= Paleacr\ta'\ vernata deposits her eggs on the ground. 
 
 87. Walsh, B. D. Driving nails into fruit trees. <Pract. Ent., 25 
 
 June, 1866, v. 1, pp. 87-88. 
 
 Uselessness of nails as a means against borers ; extracts from various sources, 
 with comments. 
 
 88. Walsh, B. D. The new potato-bug. <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 88-89. 
 Rdcords Doryphora lO-Uneata at Bloomington and Athens, HI. ; rate of its 
 eastern progress ; need of legislative action against injurions insects. 
 
 89. Walsh, B. D. [The painted borer.J <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 89. ■ 
 Answer to inquiry of T. C. Wright; sexual difference in the antenna? of Cli/' 
 tu8 [^ Ci/llene'\ pictu9 bred from hickory. 
 
20 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 90. Walsh, B. D. [Bu^ allied to the chincb-bag.] <Pract. Ent., 25 
 
 Juue, 18GG, V. 1, p. 89. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. B. Howarth ; comparative characters of Blissus leu- 
 copteruH and an unnamed lygteid of similar habits. 
 
 91. Walsh, B. D. [Canker-worms.] <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 186G, v. 1, 
 
 p. 89. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. W. Wood; means against Anisopteryx. 
 
 92. Walsh, B. D. [Apple-tree tiueid.] <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 
 
 1, p. 89. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Cooke ; food-plant o{ Bucculalrix pomifoUella. 
 
 93. Walsh, B. D. [Spittle insect.] <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 89. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. V. B. Hathaway ; life-habits of species of Aphro- 
 phora. 
 
 94. Walsh, B. D. [Insects named.] <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 89. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Hall; occurrence of Dort/i>hora lO-lineata at Athens, 
 111. ; Hippodamia \_— MegilW] maculata devours the eggs of the same: two 
 species of Cansida aflect the sweet-potato. 
 
 95. Walsh, B. D. [Longicorn borers.] <Pract. Ent., 25 June, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 90. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Dr. Trimble; food-habits of Orthosoma ci/lindricum, 
 1= hninneitm'], Prionus laticollis, and P. imbricoriiis. 
 
 96. Walsh, B. D. [Canker-worms. 1 <Pract. Ent., 25 Juue, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 90. 
 
 Answer to in(iuiry of F. K. Phoenix; season of ovipositiou o{ Anisopteryx. 
 
 97. Walsh, B. D. [White-pine scale.] <Piact. Ent., 25 Juue, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 90. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Shimer; Aspidiotus [-= Chionaspisi pinifolii infesting 
 Pinus sti-obita. 
 
 98. Walsh, B. D. Doctors differ. <Pract. Eut., 30 July, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 96. 
 
 Criticism of communications in agricultural papers ; tanners' oil injurious to 
 trees ; sulphur plugged in trees does not protect the leaves ; sheep in an 
 orchard do not keep away Conotrachelus nenuphar. 
 
 99. Walsh, B. D. The grain plant-louse. <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 96-97. 
 
 The insect attacking small grains in Georgia is iirobably a plant-louse. 
 
 100. Walsh, B. D. Popular names for insects. <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 97. 
 
 The use of the same vernacular name for different insects causes uncertainty 
 in identifying and in suggesting means against injurious insects. 
 
 101. Walsh, B. D. Scientific names. <Pract. Eut., 30 July, X§66, v, 
 
 1, pp. 97-^99. 
 Jixplaioi} tb§ ftec§88it,y of using Lq-tin foy §cieRtitte n^ojes, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 21 
 
 102. Walsh, B. D. [Grape-viue iusects.J <Pract. Eiit., 30 July, 186G, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 09-100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. S. Jackson ; habits of an undescribed ii'idia; injuries 
 to vines l)y plant-louse {Aplih vitisf); enemies of Jjihididw. 
 
 103. Walsh, B. D. [Wire-worms.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 18GG, v. 1, 
 
 p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. D. Cbesebro ; summer fallowing as a means against 
 wire-worms. 
 
 104. Walsh, B. D. [Bark lice.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 18G6, v. 1, p. 
 
 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. E. Harmon ; life-history and means against Coccidce. 
 
 105. Walsh, B. D. [Tortoise beetles.] <Praet. Ent., 30 July, 18G6, v. 
 
 1, p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. K. Yaut: food-plants and larval habits of Cassididw. 
 
 106. Walsh, B, D. [Grape bark-louse. j <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Bird ; description aud ravages of Lecanium [=PmI- 
 vinaria'\ vitis. 
 
 107. Walsh, B. D. [Plum bark-louse.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of O. B. Douglas ; description of Lecanium sp. 
 
 108. Walsh, B. D. ' [Saw-tiy eggs.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 186G, v. 1, 
 
 p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. D. Morse ; position of saw-fly eggs on oak-leaf; 
 characters of the larvic of Tenthriditiida\ 
 
 109. Walsh, B. D. [Wheat midge.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, v. 
 
 1, p. 101. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of R. F. ; ravages, description, habits, and means against 
 Cecidomyia [=Dip1oi)is'\ tritici. 
 
 110. Walsh, B. D. [Wheat midge.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 18GG, v. 
 
 1, p. 101. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. H. Boye ; Cecidomyia [=Z>jj;/osi»J triiici not infre- 
 quently passes from larval to imaginal state in the same season; means 
 against the same. 
 
 111. Walsh, B. D. [Grape galls.] <Pra€t. Ent., 30 July, 186G, v. 1, 
 
 ]). 101. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. 11. Foster, jr. ; description of the galls and larvje of 
 Cecidomyido'. 
 
 112. Walsh. B. D. [Apple-tree web-caterpillar.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 
 
 186G, V. 1, p. 101. 
 Answer to iniiuiry of Marion Hobart; description of the eggs of Cliiiocampa 
 amei-icatia ; food-plants of the same and of Hyphaiitria textor [= cunea}. 
 
22 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 113. Walsh, B.D. [Grape-vine beetles.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 101. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill ; food-habits of the larva and imago of Pelid- 
 nota punctata and of Anomala lucicola. 
 
 114. Walsh, B. D. [Bot flies.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, v. 1, p. 
 
 102. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Fisher; habits and hosts of several species of 
 (Estridce ; parasite infesting Triplax [— Tritoma'\ thoracica. See No. 153. 
 
 115. Walsh, B. D. [Spruce-tree saw-flies.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 102. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Barratt; description of cocoon and imago of LopTiy- 
 rus ahietin ; means against the same. See Pract. -Ent., v. 1, p. 114. 
 
 116. Walsh, B. D. [Stings of insects.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 102. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. O. Brickman ; effects of the stings of bees and other 
 insects. 
 
 117. Walsh, B. D. [Blackberry scale.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 102. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. E. Brackett ; characters of Lecanium sp. infesting 
 blackberry. 
 
 118. Walsh, B. D. [Eggs in sumach.] <Pract. Ent., 30 July, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 102. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Smith ; eggs of Orchelimum sp.? or Xiphidium sp.f 
 in pith of sumach. 
 
 119. W[ALSHJ, B. D. The " new potato-bug " in Maine. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 27 August, 1866, v. l,.p, 105. 
 Extract from Maine Farmer, 26 July, 1866, with comments; the larva of 
 Lema trilineaia mistaken for that of Dorijphora lO-lineata. 
 
 120. Walsh, B. D. [The army-worm.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 107. 
 Extract from Western Rural, 21 July, 1866, with comments ; army-worm 
 mistaken for canker-worm ; need of precision in using popular names. 
 
 121. W[alsh], B. D. [Fire-cure for potato-beetles.] < Pract. Ent., 27 
 
 August, 1866, V. 1, pp. 107-108. 
 
 Extract from letter from M. S. Hill, with comments ; burning straw effective 
 as a means against Meloidw infesting potato-vines ; its use against Dory- 
 phora 10-Uneaia; hot water as a means against the onion-maggot and 
 peach-borer. 
 
 122. Walsh, B. D. A new humbug. < Pract. Ent., 27 August, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 108-110. 
 
 Exposure of proposed remedy against Cecidomyia destructor; life-habifcs of 
 the same. 
 
 123. W[alshJ, B. D. The striped bug. < Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 110, figs. 1, 2. 
 Extract from Western Rural, 21 July, 1866, with comments; characters, hab- 
 its, means against, and figures of Diabrotica vittata and D. 12-punctata. 
 See No. 148. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 23 
 
 124. Walsh, B. D. [Grape-vine caterpillars.] <Pract. Eut., 27 Au- 
 
 gust, 186G, V. 1, p. 111. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. Borden ; description of the early stages of Procria 
 l:^ Jcoloithus] JahariiiH ; characters and habits of the species of Procria. 
 
 125. Walsh, B. D. [Squasb-vine insects.] <Pract. Eiit., 27 August, 
 
 186G, V. 1, p. 111. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Cope; description and hahits of Epilachna borealia; 
 hahits of Coceinellidce ; description and means against the larva of 2Vo- 
 chilium cucurbita' [=^MeUttia ceto']. 
 
 126. Walsh, B. D. [tejurious iusects.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 18CG, V. 1, p. 111. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Couard ; larval habits and means against Lema tri- 
 lineata; work of the grain jjlant-louse {Xectarophora (jranaria) and of Tro- 
 chilinm cucurbita' [^= McUttia ceto'] ; mention of some of the enemies of bees. 
 
 127. Walsh, B. D. [Grape-leaf galls.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 186C, 
 
 V. 1, pp. 111,112. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Daggy ; description of the leaf-gall of PhyUoxera 
 vitifolicv 1= vastairixl ; reasons for including it in the Coccidw; dipterous 
 enemy of the same. See No. 154. 
 
 128. Walsh, B. D. [Grapevine insects.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 18G6, Y. 1, p. 112. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. H. S. ; description and means against an unde- 
 scrihed gall on the tendrils and leaf-stalks of a grape-vine ; life-habits of 
 parasitic Chalcididce. See No. 160. 
 
 129. Walsh, B. D. [Grape-vine beetles.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 18GG, V. 1, pp. 112, 113. 
 
 Answer to inciuiry of W. J. Lawrence ; food-habits of Pelidnota punctata and 
 
 of Colaspis Jiavida. 
 
 130. Walsh, B. D. [Conjdalis eormitus.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 186G, V. 1, p. 113. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. S. Lewis; natural history and habits of Corydalis 
 cornutua. 
 
 131. Walsh, B. D. [Tobacco-moth.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 186G, 
 
 V. 1, p. 113. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. W. Noble; transformations and food-plants of 
 Sphinx 1= Protoparce'] Carolina; food-plants of S. b-maculata [=.P. cdcun]. 
 
 132. Walsh, B. D. [Datana ministra.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 
 
 186G, V. 1, p. 113. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. S. Lacy ; food-plants and transformations of Datana 
 ministra. 
 
 133. Walsh, B. D. [Grape-vine and fuschia beetles.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 27 August, 186G, v. 1, p. 113. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. K. Ph(t>nix; Colaspin Jiavida injurious to grape-vine 
 shoots; Haltica exapta [=cari;»atol destructive to fuschia; means against 
 flea-beetles. 
 
24 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 134. Walsh, B. D. [Blister-beetles.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 1866, 
 
 V. 1, p. 113. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Barber; food-plants of Lytta manjinata [=Epicauta 
 cinerea-], L. [=£.] vHlata, L. atrata i^E. jiennsylvanica], and L. cinerea 
 [=Macrobasiii uuicolor']. 
 
 135. Walsh, B.D. [Colaspis flavida ; Letna trilineata.] <Pract.Ent., 
 
 27 August, 1866, v. 1, p. 114. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Beuner ; Colaspis ^ai;ifZrt destructive to grape-vines ; 
 distribution and method of breeding Lema trilineata. 
 
 136. Walsh, B. D. [Green worms on gooseberries and currants ; Lema 
 
 trilineata.] <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 1866, v. 1, p. 114. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Burt; gooseberries aui currants injured by larva of 
 a saw-fly ? ; effects of excessive rain, heat, and drought ; food-plants of 
 Lema trilineata. 
 
 137. Walsh, B. D. [Galls.J <Pract. Ent., 27 August, 1866, v. 1, p. 
 
 114. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Shinier; note of galls made by Rhodites radicum, 
 Tnjpeta solidaginis, and Thelaxes l=zColopha'] uhnicola. 
 
 138. Walsh, B. D. [Potato and corn insects.] <Pract. Ent., 27 Au- 
 
 gust, 1866, V. 1, p. 114. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. H. Parsons, scarcity of Lema trilineata in Illinois; 
 Doryphora 10-lineata destroyed by turkeys, but not by fowls ; Gortyna sp. ? 
 injurious to young Indian corn ; rules for breeding insects. 
 
 139. Walsh, B. D. [Cocoons on apple-trees.] <Pract. Ent., 27 Au- 
 
 gust, 1866, V. 1, p. 114. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill ; description of cocoon and imago of Aitacus 
 cecropia; the interaction of organisms. 
 
 140. Walsh, B. D. Imported insects; the gooseberry saw-fly. 
 
 <Pract. Ent., 29 September, 1866, v. 1, pp. 117-125, fig.. 
 
 List of some injurious European insects imported into America and of Amer- 
 ican insects imported into Europe; reasons for the increase and abundance 
 of noxious European insects in America, and why American species do not 
 flourish in Europe ; natural history, description, and means against Nematus 
 ventricosus ['=ri6esii]; figure of currant-leaf, showing method of deposition 
 of eggs and work of larva ; natural history and description of larva and 
 imago of Pristijyhora grosKulariw n. sp. ; number of saw-flies infesting the 
 gooseberry and currant in Europe. 
 
 141. Walsh, B. D. [Borers.] <Pract. Ent., 29 September, 1866, v. 1, 
 
 p. 126. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. H. R. Lykins ; western distribution of Clytus 
 l = CyUene'\ robinia: 
 
 142. Walsh, B. D. [Wheat midge.] <Pract. Ent., 29 September, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 126. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. P. Wickersham ; destructiveness of Cecidomyia 
 1= Diplosis'] tritici ; nature of its cocoon. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 25 
 
 143. Walsh, B. D. [Crickets.] <Pract. Ent., 29 September, 1866, v. 
 
 1, p. 126. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Marion Hobart ; characters and food-habits of Acheta 
 \^=G-ri/UHs} abbreviatua; katydids not exclusively vegetarians; (Ecanthua 
 niveus found feeding on plant-lice. 
 
 144. Walsh, B. D. [Walking-stick.J <Pract. Ent., 29 September, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 126. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. W. Taylor; characters and habits of Spectrum 
 [= Diaphcromeral femorata. 
 
 145. Walsh, B.D. [Apple-tree iusects.] <Pract. Ent., 29 September, 
 
 1866, V. 1, p. 126. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. B. Beegle ; characters and food-plants of Limenitia 
 Ursula; description and food-plants of the larva of Lagoa opercularis ; 
 characters of the imago. 
 
 146. Walsh, B. D. [Mites on grasshoppers.] <Pract. Ent., 29 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1866, V. 1, p. 126. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Riddell ; Astoma 1= Tronibidium'i locuatarum infest- 
 ing Caloptenus femur-rubrum. 
 
 147. W[alsh], B. D. Grasshoppers and locusts. <Pract. Ent., Octo- 
 
 ber, 1866, V. 2, pp. 1-5, 22. 
 
 Description, migration, and ravages of Caloptenus spretus ; limits of its range 
 and means of preventing its increase ; confusion caused by the use of pop- 
 ular names of insects. On p. 22 a "note," accidentally omitted, gives the 
 comparative length of the wing-covers and antenna) of Caloptenus spretus 
 and C. feniur-ruhrum. 
 
 148. VY[alsh], B. D. The striped cucumber-bug. <Pract. Ent., Oc- 
 
 tober, 1866, V. 2, p. 5. 
 Diabrotica vittata attacks German asters. See No. 123. 
 
 149. W[ALSH], B. D. Fire-blight. <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, v. 2, 
 
 p. 7. 
 
 Extract from Horticulturist, with comments; cause of fire-blight unknown; 
 not produced by Scoli/tus 1=^ Xi/leborus'] pyri. 
 
 150. W[ALSH], B. D. The Hessian fly. <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 7. 
 
 Extract from Colman's Rural World, with comments ; late sowing as a means 
 against Ceeidomn'ia destructor. 
 
 151. [Walsh, B. D.] [Injurious caterpillars; plant-lice enemies.] 
 
 <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, v. 2, pp. 7-8. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. McGraw ; habits, descriptions, and food-plants of 
 larva of Dryocampa senatoria and of Datana ministra; food-habits of larva 
 allied to D> viinistra; description and habits of larva of Sci/mnns sp. ; S. 
 ha:morrhou8f bred from gall of Thdaxes l = Colopha'\ ulviicola. 
 
 152. [Walsh, B. D.] [Tomato-worm.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 8. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. A. Jackson ; description of the larva and pupa of 
 Protoparee celeus; food-plants and harmlessness of the larva. 
 
26 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 153. [Walsh, B. D.] [Dipterous larva on swallows,] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 October, 18GG, v. 2, p. 8. 
 Auswer to inquiry of J. B. Fisher; larvfe found on swallows (see No. 114) be- 
 long to the Muscidfe and not to the (Estridw : extract from letter of Osten 
 Sacken on larval habits of Mitscidw found with birds. 
 
 154. [Walsh, B. D.] [Bark-louse enemy.] <Pract. Ent., October, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 8. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Daggy ; see No. 127 ; according to Osten Sacken the 
 bark-louse enemy belongs to Leucopis; systematic position of the genus. 
 
 155. [Walsh, B. D.] [Parasitized tomato- worm] <Pract. Ent., Oc- 
 
 tober, 1866, V. 2, pp. 8-9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. C. Wright ; habits of Microgaster, Tparasitic on Pro- 
 toparce celeus; habits of ichneumonized larvse. 
 
 156. [Walsh, B. D.] [Beetles on buttercup and azalea.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 October, 1866, v. 2, p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. Peck; identification of Galeruca \^=^ Adimonia'\ 
 rufosanguinea, found on Ranunculus acris, and of Prasocuris varipes on Azalea 
 nudiflora; synoptic table, by J. L. Leconte, of the species of Prasocuris. 
 
 157. [Walsh, B. D.] [Flying-bug.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, v. 
 
 2, p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. E. Sheldon ; Aphodius mistaken for Cecidomyia de- 
 structor. 
 
 158. [Walsh, B. D.j [Parasitic cocoon.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. W. Howarth ; description of cocoons made by 
 Microgaster and Pezomachus ; habits of Ichneumonidce. 
 
 159. [Walsh, B. D.] [Oak-bark louse.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Meehan; undetermined Coccus on red-oak. 
 
 160. [Walsh, B. U.] [Grape-galls.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, v. 
 
 2, p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. H. S. ; see No. 128; larva of Leucopis sp., an enemy 
 to grape-vine gall-louse; probable identity of the maker of the tendril and 
 leaf-galls; varieties of grape infested by Phylloxera vastatrix. 
 
 161. [Walsh, B. D.] ["Saddle-back."] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866. 
 
 V. 2, p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. M. Harvey ; food-plants, description, and urticating 
 properties of Kmpretia stimulea. 
 
 162. [Walsh, B. D.] [Corn-worm.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, v. 2, 
 
 p. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Ellis; method of work of two lepidopterous larvjB. 
 
 163. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insects named.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Fish; comparative characters of Entilia sinuata 
 and E. \=Publilia^ concava. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 27 
 
 164. [Walsh, B. D.| [Grape insects.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 10. 
 Answer to inquiry of .1. H. Garman ; description and habits of larva of Pro- 
 cris [^ IIarri)'hia'\ americana ; I'roconia [= Oncomctop'ui^ nndala and Heveral 
 species of Erythioneiira [= Typhlocybal as grape enemies. 
 
 165. [Walsh, B. D.] [Datanaministra.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. ; increase of injuries caused by Datatia minxstra; 
 distinctive characters of the larvie of (ieometridw. 
 
 166. [Walsh, B. D.] [Tulmmarginafns.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to in(iuiry of T. Wiggins; characters and food of lulus l^^SpirobolusI 
 tnarginatus. 
 
 167. [Walsh, B. D.] [Midge.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, v. 2, p. 
 
 10. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. G. Morris ; characters and habits of the larva and 
 imago of Chironomus sp. 
 
 168. [Walsh, B. D.] [Rat-tailed larva.] <Pract. Ent, October, 186G, 
 
 v. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. A. Lapham ; characters and habitats of the larvse of 
 rat-tailed Syrphidcr. 
 
 169. [Walsh, B. D.] [Beetle on thistle.] <Pract. Ent., October, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. S. Robertson ; characters and food-plants of 
 Phyllobrotica [^^ Diabrollca^ longicornis. 
 
 170. [Walsh, B. D.] [Grape-vine AjMs.] <Pract. Ent., October, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. ; gr3,pe-vine injured by Aphis viiis. 
 
 171. W[alsh], B. D. The new potato-bug-. <Pract. Ent., November, 
 
 1866, V. 2, pp. 13-10, fig. 
 Eastern progress of Doryphora W-lineata; rate of travel; hand-picking the 
 only effective remedy ; description of a horse machine for their destruc- 
 tion ; pecuniary loss intlicted by the species. 
 
 172. W[alsh], B. D. The canker-worm <Pract. Ent., November, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 16. 
 Tarring trees effective against Paleacrita vm-nata. 
 
 173. W[alsh], B. D. The canker-worni again. <Pract. Ent., Novem- 
 
 ber, 1866, V. 2, pp. 16-17. 
 Critical review of article in New England Farmer ; value of tarring as a 
 means against Paleacrita vernata. 
 
 174. Walsh, B. D. Notes by Beuj. D. Walsh. <Pract. Ent., Novem- 
 
 ber, 1866, v. 2, pp. 19-20. 
 Remarks on statement of H. Shinier in his paper, "The grape leaf gall-coc- 
 cus" (Pract. Ent., pp. 17-19); number of eggs to each 9 ; toiidril and leaf- 
 galls probably produced by the same insect; old leaves entirely free from 
 bark-lice by the end of summer; characters of the pupa of Leucopis; sys- 
 tematic position and food-habits of Thysanoptera; criticism of paper by 
 H. Shimer in Prairie Farmer, 3 November, 1861. 
 
28 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 175. W[alsh], B. D. The striped bug. <Pract. Eut., November, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 20. 
 Remarks on note by A. ; eflfects of plaster as a means against Didbrotica 
 vittata. 
 
 176. [Walsh, B. D.] [Currant insects; Psocus venosus.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 November, 1866, v. 2, p. 20. 
 Answer to inquiry of I. Hicks ; occurrence of Pristiphora grossulariw in the 
 Eastern States ; Ellopia [^ Eufitchia'] ribearia injurious to currant; date 
 of introduction of "sulphur-cure" on peach-trees; characters and habits of 
 Psocus venosus. 
 
 111. [Walsh, B. D.] [Worm in apple.] <Pract. Ent., November, 
 1866, V. 2, pp. 20-21. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Ward ; description and ravages of larva of Trypeta 
 pomonellaf 
 
 178. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insects attracted to light.] <Pract. Ent., No- 
 
 vember, 1866, V. 2, p. 21. 
 Answer to inquiry of Practical Pomologist; conditions favorable for attract- 
 ing insects to light ; kinds most frequently attracted ; the proportion of 
 injurious species attracted. 
 
 179. [Walsh, B. D.] [Zebra caterpillar.] <Pract. Ent., November, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 21. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Parsons; description of the larva of Mamestra 
 picta; times of transformation. 
 
 180. [Walsh, B. D.] [Inquiries answered.] <Pract. Ent., November, 
 
 1866, v. 2, p. 21. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Pettit ; identification of several beetles ; galls on 
 golden-rod made by Euryptychia saligneana and Trypeta soUdaginis ; charac- 
 ters of short-winged form of Alicropus l=^Blissus'\ leiicopierus ; its occur- 
 rence in Canada. 
 
 181. [Walsh, B.D.J [Worm in corn.] <Pract. Ent., November. 1866, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 21-22. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Ellis ; description of larva, habits, transforma- 
 tions, and means against an undetermined noctuid. 
 
 182. [Walsh, B. D.] [Bag-worms.] <Pract. Ent., November, 1866, 
 
 V. 2, p. 22. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. P. Wickersham ; characters and synonymy of Thyri- 
 dop teryx eph em erwfo rmis. 
 
 183. [Walsh, B. D.] [Ichneumon cocoons.] <Pract. Ent., November, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 22. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. A. N. ; characters of cocoons of Microgaster sp, ? 
 
 184. Walsh, B. D. Note. <Proc. Eut. Soc. Phil., December, 1866, 
 
 V, 5, p. 260. 
 
 Withdraws assertion attributed to C. R. Osten Sacken. 
 
 185. W[ALSH], B. D. The old-fashioned potato-bugs. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 December, 1866, v. 2, pp. 25-27, figs. 
 Natural history and means against Lema trilineata, Lytta [= Epicmda^ vittata, 
 L. atrata [= E. jyennsylvatiiea], L. marginata l==E. cinerea], audi, cinerea 
 i=Macro}>as\s unicolor] ; figures L. trilineata and E. vittata. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 29 
 
 186. W[ALSHj, B. D. Klippart's wheat plant. <Pract. Ent., Decem- 
 
 ber, 1S66, V. H, pp. 27-29. 
 AdA'erse criticism of the eutomological portion of the above-named book. 
 
 187. W[alsh], B. D. Trimble's insect enemies of fruit and fruit trees. 
 
 <Pract. Ent., December, 18GG, v. 2, pp. 29-30. 
 Favorable review of the above-named book. 
 
 188. W[alsh], B. D. Answer to the above, by B. D. W. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 December, 1866, v. 2, pp. 31-33, figs. 
 
 Answers to questions asked in J. S. Houghton's "Insects in the Orchard" 
 (Pract. Ent., pp.<30-31); food-habits and hibernation of Conotrachelus 
 nenuphar; comparative characters and figures of Aiipidiotua conchiformis 
 1= Mf/tilaspis pomorum] and Coccm harrisii [= Chionaspis furfuruHl; nat- 
 ural history of C. harrisii; means against and enemies of the two species; 
 figures Chilocorits bivulnerus and Hippodamia l_=2IegiUa'\ maculaia; food- 
 habits and synonymy of Lytta l^ Poinphopcca'] sayi; flowing as a means 
 against root-feeding insects; inefficacy of salt, lime, ashes, etc., against the 
 same; insects attacking evergreens not likely to injure fruit trees; cannibal 
 habits of spiders ; habits of bees and wasps, 
 
 189. [Walsh, B. D.J [Cicada; gooseberry- worm.] <Pract. Ent., De- 
 
 cember, 1866, v. 2, p. 33. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill; Cicada [=Ti&tcen] septendecim compared 
 with an undescribed species ; ravages of Priatiphora groasularite f on goose- 
 berry bushes. 
 
 190. [Walsh, B. D.J [Yespidce.] <Pract. Ent., December, 1866, v. 2, 
 
 pp. 33, 34. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. Hobart ; life-habits of Vespidw. 
 
 191. [Walsh, B. D.] [Meal-worms: Timber-borers.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 December, 1866, v. 2, p. 34. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. C. D. ; characters, food-habits, and means against 
 Tenebrio molitor and T. obscurus ; characters of Ptinun brunneus infesting pine 
 timber; corrosive sublimate as a means against timber insects. 
 
 192. [Walsh, B. D.] [Corn-worm.] <Pract. Ent, December, 1866, v. 
 
 2, p. 34. 
 
 Answer to J. B. Ellis; number of broods of Heliothis armigera in the North- 
 ern and Southern States. 
 
 193. [Walsh, B.D.] [Thousand-legged worms.] <Pract. Ent., Decem- 
 
 ber, 1866, V. 2, pp. 34-35, fig. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Robinson; description and figure of Iiiliis ninlti- 
 atriatus n. sp. [:=Cambala annulata'\ ; habits and means against the same. 
 
 194. [Walsh, B.D.j [Cranberry-galls, etc.] <Pract. Ent., December, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. 35. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Fish ; occurrence of galls made by Cecidomyia sp. 
 on leaves of cranberry ; identification of several insects. 
 
 195. [Walsh, B. D.] Another humbug. <Pract. Ent., December, 
 
 1866, V. 2, p. So. 
 Extract, with comments, from Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 22 No- 
 vember, 1366, exposing worthlessoess of J*, 3, Sheldon's cojnpoBitiou for 4©^ 
 stroking borefSt 
 
30 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 196. [Walsh, B. D.J Notices. <Pract. Ent., December, 1866, v. 2, 
 
 p. 35. 
 
 Mention of several agricultural journals. 
 
 197. Walsh, B. D. On the insects, coleopterous, hymeuopterous, and 
 
 dipterous, inhabiting the galls of certain species of willow. 
 Part 2(1 and last. <Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., December, 1866- 
 January, 18G7, v. 6, pp. 223-288. 
 See No. 46 for Part Ist. Supplementary notes on the Cecidomyidce (gall-makers 
 and guest-flies) ; criticism of statements of Fitch and Harris ; discussion of 
 structure and habits of Tenthredinidw and insects generally; synopsis of 
 tenthredinidous willow-galls; descriptions of the galls, their makers and 
 inqnilines ; for the uew species described, see the Systematic Index ; remarks 
 on species and varieties; figures fore-wings of Tenthredo aud Ichneumon. 
 
 198. W[ALSH], B. D. Plant-lice— their friends and enemies. <Pract. 
 
 Ent., January, 1867, v. 2, pp. 37-44, figs. 
 Method of work and mode of reproduction of Aphididce ; their relations to 
 ants ; plant-lice enemies ; figures Jjj/iis mali and several enemies of plant- 
 lice ; means against Aphididw. 
 
 199. W[ALSH], B. D. Birds versus insects. <Pract. Ent., January, 
 
 1867, V. 2, pp. 44-47. 
 Insectivorous birds not necessarily beneficial ; a bird must be shown to eat 
 at least thirty (30) times as many injurious insects as it does beneficial ones 
 before it can be considered useful. 
 
 200. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insects named.] <Pract. Ent., January, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 47. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Pettit; identification of many species, mostly beetles ; 
 characters and food-habits of Clems nigripes \^^A-giUtatus'] ; habitat of Lep- 
 iura capitala aud Tingis l = Coryihiica'\ ciliata. 
 
 201. [Walsh, B. D.] [Apple-tree insects.] <Pract. Ent., January, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 47. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. Hobart; increasing distTihution of Aspidiotus conchi- 
 formis [= Mytilaspis pomorum'\ ; enemies of the same ; characters of the eggs 
 of Aphis mali. 
 
 202. [Walsh, B. D.] [Work in entomology.] <Pract. Ent., January, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 47. 
 Answer to G. Scarborough ; advice for the study of entomology by beginners. 
 
 203. W[alshJ, B. D. The true Thrijys and the bogus Thri2}s. <Pract. 
 
 Ent., February, 1867, v. 2, pp. 49-52, figs. 
 
 Natural history, characters, habits, and figures of Thrips sp. ; characters of 
 the larva and imago of Haltica chalybea ; figure of imago ; habits of species 
 of Erythronenr a [= Tyjyhlocyba^; description and figures of JJ. [=T'.] vitis. 
 
 204. W[alsh], B. D. Universal remedies. <Pract. Ent., 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 52. 
 
 Exposure of proposed universal remedy against fruit-tree insects. 
 
 205. W[ALSHJ, B. D. Poisoning noxious insects. <Pract. Eat., Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1867, V. 2, pp. 52-53. 
 Sugaring with poison as a means against Noctuidw, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 31 
 
 20G. W[ALSH], B. D, Remarks by B. D. W. <Pnict. Eut., February, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 54. 
 
 Comments on S. S. Katlivon's '-Bag-worms" (Pract. P'nt., pp. .53-54); dis- 
 tribution and food-plants of Thyridopterijx ephnncraformiH. 
 
 207. W[alsh], B. D. Habits of the tree cricket {(Ecanthus niveus). 
 
 <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, v. 2, p. 54, figs. 
 
 Characters of e<i;gs and method of deposition; characters, food-habits, and 
 figures of the imago. 
 
 208. [Walsh, B. D.] Importing European parasites. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 February, 1867, v. 2, pp. 54-55. 
 
 Imaginary correspondence between Asa Fitch and John Curtis on the im- 
 portation of parasitic insects. 
 
 209. [Walsh, B. D.J [Screw -worm.] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 55. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. D. Morse ; undetermiui'd larva found in osage- 
 orangeseed; homiuivorous habits of LuciUa macellaria. 
 
 210. [Walsh, B. D.] [Attacus ceiropia.] < Pract. Ent., February, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 55. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. T. Smith ; characters of larva and imago of Attacus 
 cea'opia ; food-plants ; method of issuance from cocoon ; nature of fluid 
 discharged when emerging from cocoon. 
 
 211. [Walsh, B. D.] [Apple-worm.] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 55-56. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Fish ; characters of the pupa of Sciara mali. 
 
 212. [Walsh, B. D.] [Oak-gall.] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 56. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Muir; characters of an uudetermined cynipid gall 
 on oak. 
 
 213. [Walsh, B. D.| [Cicada: Grape-vine Procris.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 February, 1867, v. 2, p. 56. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill; variations in the imago of Cicada [= Tibi- 
 cen'l septendecim aud in the song of the same; characters of the larva of 
 Procris [= Uarrisina'] americana. 
 
 214. [Walsh, B. D.J \I^iUdulida\] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. bQ. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. H. S. ; food-habits of Ips fasciatiia and 2iitidula 
 bipuntulata. 
 
 215. [Walsh, B. D. I [Turnip enemy.] <Pract. Ent, February, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 56. 
 Answer to inciuiry of F. T. Pember; characters aud food-habits of Polydea- 
 viitx complaiiatuH. 
 
 216. [Walsh, B. D.J [Wheat midge.J <Pract. Eut., February, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 57. 
 Answer to in(iuiry of C. P. Wickershani ; nature of the membrane envelop- 
 ing the full-grown larva of Diplosis tritici. 
 
32 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 217. [Walsh, B. D.] [Queries answered.] <Pract. Eut., February, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. Middleton ; toads, frogs, and spiders beneficial ; 
 eflfects of the stings of various insects. 
 
 218. [Walsh, B. D.] [Scales.] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. M. S. ; characters and ravages of scales on oleander 
 and orange ; means against Coccidw. 
 
 219. [Walsh, B. D.] [Hundred-legged worm.] <Pract. Ent., February, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. P. Mouks; identification of Pohjdesmus virginiensis ; 
 distinctive characters of Myriapoda. 
 
 220. [Walsh, B. D.] [Bark- borers.] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 57-58. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. V. Riley; synoptic table and food-habits of several 
 species of Scolytus; descriptions of S. fagi n. sp. and S. caryce n. sp. 
 [^i-spinosus']. 
 
 221. [Walsh, B. D.] [Aleurodes.] <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 58. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. F. C; characters and food-plants of an undescribed 
 species of Aleurodes. 
 
 222. W[alsh], B. D. The critic criticized. <Pract. Ent., February, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 58. Answer [by C. V. Kiley]. <Prairie Farmer, 
 16 Marcli, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 169. S.-b., No. 2, p. 58. 
 Criticism of article by C. V. Riley (Prairie Farmer, 19 January, 1867, [v. 35], 
 n. s., V. 19, p. 37). 
 
 223. [Walsh, B. D.] Obituary. <Pract. Ent., February, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 58. 
 Notice of the late Brackenridge Clemens. 
 
 224. W[ALSH], B. D. Wire- worms. <Pract. Eut,. March, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 pp. 61-62, figs. 
 
 Characters of Myriapoda and larvaeof Elaieridw, popularly called wire-worms; 
 food-habits of larva of Ludius attenuatus; figure of larva and imago of the 
 same; confusion caused by the use of the term "wire-worms" by corre- 
 spondents of the Country Gentleman. 
 
 225. W[ALSH], B. D. Imported insects.— The onion-fly. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 March, 1867, v. 2, p. 64, figs. 
 
 Figures of larva and imago of Anthomyia veparum and of Orialis [= Tritoxa'\ 
 flexa; comparative characters of imagos; distribution and means against 
 the two species. 
 
 226. W[ALSH],B.D. [Means against cut- worms.] <Pract. Ent., March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 66. 
 
 Recommends, In reply to J. Townley's inquiry, sng^^ring with poisoned rao« 
 JftBSPs ^8 a means agaipst Pttt-wprw^, " 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 33 
 
 227. W[alsh], B. D. Entomology indeed run mad. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 March, 1867, v. 2, pp. G6, 67. 
 
 Reprint of "The bud- worm" (N. C. Rural Journ., September, 1866), with 
 criticism and correction of some of the errors. 
 
 228. W[alsh], B. D. The imported gooseberry saw-tiy. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 March, 1867, v. 2, p. 67. 
 
 Reason for re-appearance in June and for the non-appearance of the second 
 brood of Xematus ventricostts [=ri&f8ii] in New York in lbG6. 
 
 229. W[ALsn], B. D. Tree cutworms. <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 67. 
 
 Cut-worm described (Pract. Eut., v. 1, pp. 8.^-86) ideutified as Hadena cheno- 
 jjodii l=^Manu'slra trifo}i'\. See Nos. 85, 281. 
 
 230. W[alsh], B. D. Doctoring fruit trees again. <Pract. Eut., 
 
 March, 1867, v. 2, pj). 67, 68. 
 
 Extract from Industrial Gazette, 15 December, 1866, with criticism ; calomel, 
 sulphur, and substances insoluble in water not absorbed into tlie circula- 
 tion of trees. 
 
 231. W[ALSH,] B. D. The grape-vine Colaspis {Colasjris flavida Say). 
 
 <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, v. 2, pp. 68-69, fig. 
 
 Ravages of Colaspis flavida; comparison with allied species; remarks on the 
 law of priority and on certain insects becoming suddenly injurious; figures 
 C. flavida. 
 
 232. W[axshJ, B. D. Another universal remedy. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 March, 1867, v. 2, p. 69. 
 
 Extract from reprint (?) in Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 10 January, 
 1867, with criticism of proposed remedy against insects injurious to trees. 
 
 233. W[AXSHj, B. D. Borers. The plug-ugly theory. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 March, 1867, v. 2, p. 69. 
 
 Criticism of theory that a plug driven into a hole in a tree is death to borers. 
 
 234. W[ALSH], B. D. A mass of mistakes. <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 70. 
 
 Correction of errors in " Remedy for the borer" (Prairie Farmer, 9 February, 
 1867). 
 
 235. W[ALSHl, B.D. Hop-growing in the West. <Pract. Ent., March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 70. 
 Extract from Country Gentleman, 31 January, 1867, showing ravages of 
 Phorodon humuli in Vermont ; danger of its introduction into the Western 
 States. 
 
 236. W[alsh], B. D. Thousand-legged worms. <Pract. Ent., March^ 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 70. 
 Extract from letter of J. H. Parsons, with comments; injuries to onions by 
 
 lulus vudtisiriatns [= Cambala ainiulata ] ; /. multistriatun undistinguishable 
 
 from 1. varuho-cinctui. 
 3 ENT 
 
34 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 237. W[ALsn], B. D. Fighting the Curculio. <Pract. Eut., March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 71. 
 Extract from Genesee Farmer for 1853, p. 125; ridicule of additions to "jar- 
 rin"-" as a means against Conotrachclus nenuphar. 
 
 238. W[ALSH], B. D. [" Bushels of butterflies."] <Pract. But., March, 
 
 18G7, V. 2, p. 71. 
 Extract from Cincinnati Gazette, August, 1866, with comments; occurrence 
 of dead imagos of Attacus cecropia? in large numbers ("10 busbels") in 
 Newport, Ohio; food-plants of the larva. 
 
 239. [Walsh, B. D.] [Scab on potato.] <Pract. Eut., March, 1807, v. 
 
 2, pp. 71-72. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. L. J. Baldwin; account of blister-like scabs on po- 
 tatoes, probably caused by Sciara sp. ; means against the same. 
 
 240. [Walsh, B. D.] [Mass of eggs.] <Pract. Eut., March, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 72. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Daggy ; egg-masses of Clisioeampa americana ; food- 
 plants of C. americana and C. sijhatica [^zdisstria]. 
 
 241. [Walsh, B. D.] [Food of katydids.] <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 72. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. M. ; food of Microcentrum retinervis largely carnivor- 
 ous. 
 
 242. [Walsh, B. D.] [Caterpillar nest on wild cherry.] <Pract. Ent. 
 
 March, 18G7, v. 2, p. 72. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Morey ; undetermined larva on wild cherry, food- 
 X^lants of Hyphantria textor [ = c«Hea]. 
 
 243. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insect eggs.] <Pract. Eut., March, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 72. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of P. Ferris ; undetermined eggs of Lepidoptera and Hemip- 
 tera on apple-tree twigs. 
 
 244. [Walsh, B. D.] [Attacus poly phemus, etc.] <Pract. Ent., March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, pp. 72-73. 
 
 Auswer to inquiry of M. M. S. ; variations in Attacus [= Telea'} polyphemus; 
 habits and times of transformations of Arctia 1 = Pyrrharctla'\ isabeUa; 
 references to history of Dryocampa rubicunda. 
 
 245. [Walsh, B. D.j [Cossus robinice, etc.] <Pract. Eut, March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 73. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Townley ; food-habits and injuries of Cossus rohiniw; 
 result of freezing insects; characters of some wood-borers. 
 
 246. [Walsh, B. D.] [Museum pests.] <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 73. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. L. Van Arsdale ; means against Dermestida. 
 
 247. [Walsh, B. D.] [Katydid eggs.] <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 73. 
 Answer to C. M. B. ; characters of eggs of Microcentrum retinervis. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 35 
 
 248. [Walsh, C. D.] [Squash-viue borer.] <Pract. Eut, March, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 73. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Nason; ravages aud means against Trochilium ciicur- 
 bita [= Melittia C€to'\. 
 
 249. [Walsh, B. D,] [Apple- twig borers, etc.| <Pract. Eut, March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, pp. 73-74. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. W. Brumbaugh ; work of liostridxua [= Amp1nctruii'\ 
 bicaudatus; characters ami habits of Tcvnioptertjs J'aKciata; ravages, habits, 
 and means against Macrodactylua aubspinosus. 
 
 250. [Walsh, B. D.] [Hessian fly.] <Pract. Ent., March, 18G7, v. 2, 
 
 p. 74. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. E. Sheldon ; hibernation of the larva of Cecidomyia 
 destructor. 
 
 251. [Walsh, B. D.l [Tree-cricket.J <Pract. Ent., March, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 74. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Cole; food-habits of (A'crtH^Ai/s nire««; characters 
 of its eggs. 
 
 252. [Walsh, B. D.] [Tineids iu bee-hives.] <Pract. Eut., March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 74. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Hunt; characters of case and larva of unde- 
 termined tineid. 
 
 253. W[alsh], B. D. Jumping to conclusions. <Pract. Ent., March, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 74. 
 Criticism of article " The potato-bug" (Wisconsin Farmer, 2 March, 1867). 
 
 254. W[alsh], B. D. The common Curculio and its allies. <Pract. 
 
 Ent., April, 1867, v. 2, pp. 75-81. 
 
 Characters of the Rhijncophora ; characters, ravages, life-history, food-habits, 
 number of broods, and means against Conotrackelus nenuphar- ravages, 
 habits, characters, and means against Anthonomns prunicida [:= Coccotorus 
 acutellaris'] and A. A-ijibhus; mention of additional injurious weevils; com- 
 parative characters of the three species. 
 
 255. W[ALSH], B. D. Kemarks by B. D. W. <Pract. Eut., April, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 82. 
 
 Comments on C. V. Riley's article, " The imported apple-tree bark-louse " 
 (Prairie Farmer, 23 March, 1867, [v. :{5J, n. s., v. 19, p. 184). 
 
 256. W[ALSH], B. D. Confessing the corn. <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 82. 
 
 Acknowledgment of mistake in quoting from Prairie Farmer. 
 
 257. [Waxsh, B. D.j [Bibio albipennis.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 83. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Burt; habits of larva of liibio albijjennis. 
 
 258. [Waxsh, B. D.J [Lice on horses.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 83. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. West; comparative characters of PedicuHna and 
 Mallophaga, 
 
36 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 259. [Walsh, B. D.] [Cocoon ou wild cherry.] <Pract. Ent., April, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 83. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. A. Baker; sexual differences of Jtlacus promethea; 
 food-plants of its larva. 
 
 260. [Walsh, B. D.] [Lepidopterous case-bearer.] <Pract. Ent., April, 
 
 1807, V. 2, p. 83. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Hunt; larval characters of case-bearing Lepi- 
 doptcra. 
 
 261. [Walsh, B. D.] [''Thousand-legged worms."] <Pract. Ent.,' 
 
 April, 1867, v. 2, p. 83. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Parsons; lulus virgatus eating dead seeds; in- 
 jurious habits of species of Polijdesvius. 
 
 262. [Walsh, B. D.] [Toads: Glorified squash-bug.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. SS. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. C. Hill ; food of toads ; poisonousness of Prionotm 
 novenarius 1= Prionidus eristatusl. 
 
 263. [Walsh, B. D.] [Galls on blackberry.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 83-84. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Tice; identification of the gall of Diastrophus 
 nebulosus; genera of Cynipidce confined to single plants. 
 
 264. [Walsh, B. D.] [Bark-lice.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 84. 
 Answer to inquiry of Dr. Houghton ; comparative harmlessness of Coccus har- 
 risii l^^^Chionaspis fitrfurus~\; means against Coccidw. 
 
 265. [Walsh, B. D.j [Plant-lice.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 84. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Orton ; description of eggs of Lachnus strohi ; means 
 against Aphidida'. 
 
 266. [Walsh, B.D.J [Bag-worms.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, v. 2, pp. 
 
 84-85. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Murphy ; food-habits and means of dispersal of Thy- 
 ridopterijx ephemeraformis. 
 
 267. [Walsh, B.D.] [Insects injurious to grape.] <Pract. Ent., April, 
 
 18G7, V. 2, p. 85. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Wood ; supposed Curculio punctures in grapes. 
 
 268. [Walsh, B.D.] [Attacus promethea.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 85. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Lyon; mention of undetermined parasite of Atta- 
 cus promethea. 
 
 269. [Walsh, B. D.J [Borer in hickory.] <Pract. Ent., April, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 85. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. Norris ; characters of young and mature larva of 
 Clytus [= Cyllene'i pictus. 
 
 270. [Walsh, B. D.J [Apple-tree plant-lice.J <Pract. Ent., April, 
 
 1807, V. 2, p. 85. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W^iL^innj ideatification of eggs of Aphis mail; ene- 
 mies of th* same. ' ^ 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHV OF KCONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 37 
 
 271. "[Walsh, B. D.J [Tulip-tree bark-louse: Basket-worm.] <Pract. 
 
 Kut., Ai)ril, 1807, v. 2, p. 85. 
 
 AuBwer to inquiry of L Kicks; parasites and enemies of undescribecl bark- 
 lonse on tulin-trcL" ; Thyridopteryx ephemvrnformiii destructive to evergreens. 
 
 272. WjALSHj, B. 1). The grape-vine Fid ia. {Fidia viticida, new ape- 
 
 cies.) <Pract. Ent., May, 18G7, v. 2, pp. 87-88, tig. 
 
 Kavages, description, and figure of Fidia viticida u. sp. ; niodificatiou of the 
 clasping organs of insects. 
 
 273. W[alsh], B. I). Enemies of the rice crop. <Pract. Ent, May, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 89. 
 
 Injuries caused by and means adopted against the water-weevil [= Linsorbop- 
 trus .simplex'] and the rice-grub ^IChahpns trachypygus.l 
 
 214:. [Walsh, B. 1). I The canker-worm once more. <Pract. Ent., May, 
 1867, V. 2, p. 89. Abstract: <Cultivator and Country Gentle- 
 man, 6 June, 1867, v. 29, p. 370. 
 
 Extract from and review of W. G. C.'s "My trials with the canker-worms: 
 remedy " (Iowa Homestead, 13 March, 18ti7) ; sorghum as a means agamst 
 Anisoptvryx. 
 
 275. W[alshJ, B. D. None so blind as those who shut their eyes. 
 
 <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 2, pp. 89-90. 
 
 Criticism of error by editors of agricultural papers ; rate of eastward i)rog- 
 ress of Doryphora lO-Iineata. 
 
 276. W[alsh], B. D. Sell-taught entomologists. <Pract. Ent , May, 
 
 1867, V. 2, pp. 91-92. 
 
 Criticism of misstatements foiind in agricultural papers ; first occurrence of 
 Doryphora lO-Jineata in Illinois in 18G4. 
 
 277. W[alsh], B. D. Pear-tree and apple-tree insects. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 May, 1867, v. 2, jip. 92-93. 
 
 Food-plants of Attacus cecropia, Clisiocampa americaiia, and Sapcrda biriitata 
 [ = Candida']. 
 
 278. WfALSHj, B. D. More universal remedies. <Pract. Ent., May, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 93. 
 Reprint and criticism of " Destruction of insects" (Mo. Kept. Hiireau Agric, 
 February, 1867, ]». (5(t). 
 
 279. W[alshJ, B. D. Hop-growing in the W>st. <Pract. Ent., May, 
 
 1867, V. 2, pp. 93-94. 
 Occurrence in Michigan of Phorodon hitmiiU: its destructivcness; i)opular 
 ignorance of entomology. 
 
 280. W[axshJ, B. D. The wheat midge— jumping to a conclusion. 
 
 <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 2, p. 91. 
 Extract, with comment, from Maryland Farmer and Mechanic, August, 18().') ; 
 Diphais tritici not infested with parasites in America, food-habits of 
 Tlirips. 
 
38 T3IBLI0GRAPHY OF ECONOMIC P^NTOMOLOGY. 
 
 281. W[ALSHj, B. D. Tree cut-worms. <Pract. Ent, May, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 94. 
 
 "Dark-sided cut-worm" an Agrotis and not Hadena chenopodii [= Mamestra 
 trifolii]. See Nos. 85,2-29. 
 
 282. W[ALSH], B. D. Quacks and physicians. <Pract. Ent., May, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 95. 
 Criticism of proposed universal remedy against insects injurious to the rose 
 (Westeru Rural, 30 March, 1867). 
 
 283. W[ALSH], B. D. The ephemeron or May-fly. <Pract. Ent., May, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 95. 
 Length of duration of life of Ephemerida;. 
 
 284. W[alsh], B. D. a groundless fear. <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 95. 
 Extract from Mo. Rept. Bureau Agric, February, 1867, p. 02 ; food-habits of 
 larva and imago of Lytta atrata 1=^ Epicauta pennsylvanica^ ; places of 
 oviposition. 
 
 285. W[alsh], B. D. Fire-blight. <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 90. 
 
 Probable cause. 
 
 286. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insect eggs.] <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 96. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Willocli ; identification of eggs of (Ecanthus niveus 
 and of one of tbe Memhracidcv on grape twigs. 
 
 287. [Walsh, B. D.] [Attacus cecropia.] <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 90. 
 
 Answer to inijuiry of J. B. H. ; characters o£ Attacus cecropia. 
 
 288. [Walsh, B. D.J [Twig pruners.] <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 2^ 
 
 p. 96. 
 
 Answer to iuquirj' of M. W. Philips; twigs of pear and other trees arapii 
 tated in the same manner as oak twigs by Elaphidion putator [= vUlo8um\. 
 
 289. [Walsh, B. D.] [Blister-beetles.] <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v, 
 
 2, p. 97. 
 
 * Answer to inquiry of J. M. Tracy ; food-habits, ravages, and means against 
 Lytta [— Pomphopua'] wuea; food-plants of L. [=P.'] tarsalis; tabular 
 separation of three species of Lytta [^= Pomphopaea^. 
 
 290. [Walsh, B. D.] [Means against Curculio: CEstridm.] <Pract. 
 
 Ent., May, 1807, v. 2, p. 97. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Greene; ineffective means against Conotrachelua 
 nenuphar; ffisirirfaMufestiug the ox and rabbit. 
 
 291. [Walsh, B. D.J [Insect eggs.| <Pract. Ent., May, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 97. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of P. Ferris ; identification of eggs of Cliaiocampa sylvatica 
 1^^= disatria'] and Aphis mali. 
 
BIBLIOGKAPIIY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 39 
 
 292. W[ALSH], B. D. The wheat midge. <Pract. Eiit., June, 1SG7, v. 
 
 2, pp. 99-101. 
 
 Extract from letter from S. S. Rath von, with remarks; natural liistory of 
 Dijylosis tritici. 
 
 293. W[alsh], B. D. The new or Colorado potato-bug. <Pract. Eut., 
 
 June, 18G7, v. 2, pp. 101-102. 
 Distribution, habits, aud extent of injuries o( Doryphora lO-Uneata. 
 
 294. [Walsh, B. D.] [Gall-flies ; saw-flies. j <Pract. Ent., June, 1807, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 102-103. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. W. Philips; mention of various insects which are 
 gall-makers; their modes of life; characters of the larvte of Cecidomyida- 
 and Tenthredinidw. 
 
 295. [^VALSH, B. D.] [Bark-beetles.] <Praot. Ent., June, 18G7, v. 2, 
 
 p. 103. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Fish ; identification of specimens sent; habits 
 of Tomicus 2)usillus {:^ Pityojihthonts miiiuiissimun} and of T. ramulorum 
 l^I'. microyraphu.s']. 
 
 296. [Walsh, B. D.] [Apple tree insects.] <Pract. Eut, June, 18G7, 
 
 V. 2, p. 103. 
 
 Answer to inqniry of S. Cassi ; characters, food-plants, and ravages of ArciUi 
 \^= Spilosoma'] virginica; supposed work of Epicwrus imtricatus. 
 
 297. [Walsh, B. D.] [Atfacus cecrojna.] <Pract. Eut., June, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 103. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. McGraw ; larv.-e of Attacim cecropia usually solitary. 
 
 298. [Walsh, B. D.] [Grape-vine flea-beetle.] <Pract. Ent., June, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 103. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Kelley; hibernation of the imago of Haltica chaly- 
 bea; ravages and means against the same. 
 
 299. [Walsh, B. I).] [Sphyracephala brevicornis,] <Pract. Ent., June. 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 103. 
 Answer to inqniry of H. B. Howarth ; characters and habitat of Sphyrace- 
 phala hrevicorn'is. 
 
 300. [Walsh, B. D.] [May-bug.] <Pract. Ent., June, 1807, v. 2, p. 
 
 103. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. R. ; characters and food-habits of the larva of 
 Lachnosterna quercina \_=fu8ca']. 
 
 301. [Walsh, B. D.] [Blister-beetles: plant-louse enemy.] <Pract. 
 
 Ent., June, 1867, v. 2, p. 104. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Dr. Houghton; food-habits of Lytta \_= Pomphopaa'^ 
 (pnea and L. [=/'.] sayi; Chtlocorns bivulneru-s as a means against Coccidn: 
 
 302. [Walsh, B. I).] [Blackberry borers.] <Pract. Ent., June, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 104. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller; cliaracters of undetermined larva {.lige- 
 riaf) and of Oberea pcrspicillata \_—bimaculata] boring in blackberrj- stems; 
 food-habits of j£gerid(v. 
 
40 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 303. W[ALSiij, B. D. Scientific nomeuclature. <Pract. Ent., July, 
 
 1SG7, V. 2, pp. 105-106. 
 Criticism of the practice of establishing new genera upon slight characters, 
 as illustrated by the American silk-worms. 
 
 304. W[alsh], B. D. Currant plant-iice {ApJiis ribis). <Pract. Eut., 
 
 July, 1867, V. 2, p. 106. 
 Method of work of Aphis l=:Mysus'\ riMs. 
 
 305. [Walsh, B. D.] [Lucanus elaphus.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 107. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Hay era ft ; characters and habits of Lucanus elaphua ; 
 rarity of the 9 ; use of prolonged jaws in $ insects. 
 
 306. [Walsh, B. D.] [New York weevil.] <Pract. Eut., July, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 107. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Gregg ; habits and distribution of Ithycerus novebora- 
 censis. 
 
 307. ["^Valsh, B. D.] [Codling-moth.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 107. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Morey ; number of broods, habits, etc., of Carpocapsa 
 pomovella. 
 
 308. [Walsh, B. D.] [Hickory borer, etc.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 107. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Wiggins; times of emergence of Clytus [= Ci/Ueiie'] 
 picius and C. [^(7.] roMniw; habits of Corydalns cornutus. 
 
 309. [Walsh, B. D.] [Wasps.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, p. 107. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Smith; food-habits of digger-wasps. 
 
 310. [Walsh, B. D.] [Parasitic flies, etc.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 107-108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. P. Monks ; method of transformation of parasitic 
 Hymenoptera ; use of Latin plurals for English words. 
 
 311. [Walsh, B. D.] [Workers among Hymenoptera.] <Pract. Ent., 
 
 July, 1867, V. 2, p. 108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of \V. V. Andrews; economy of workers among the social 
 Hymenoptera. 
 
 312. [Walsh, B. D.] [Cut-worms.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of V. Abbey ; means against A(irotis sp. ? 
 
 313. [Walsh, B. D.] [Potato-beetle enemies.] <Pract. Ent., July, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Smith; scutellerid enemy of larva of Doryphora 10- 
 lineata ; katydids as an enemy of the same. 
 
 314. [Walsh, B. D.] [Black-bug.] <Prtict. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 108. ' ' i- 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. R. Tewksbury ; characters and habits of Pirates 
 {_=: Melanolestes'l picipes. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 41 
 
 315. fW'ALSU, B. D.] jBurying-beetles.] <Pract. Eut., July, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 108. 
 
 Answer to iiupiiry of A. D. Strong; characters of Xecrophorua marginaiua ; 
 liabits of Sil2)hidn' ; uiite parasites of Silphidw and other beetles. 
 
 316. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insects named.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 p. 108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. S. Hill; identification of specimens sent; food-i»lants 
 of larva of C/icysoHie/rt l^= Gastroidea'} cyanea. 
 
 317. [Walsh, B. D.] [Spring-tails.J <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, 
 
 pp. 108-109. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Daggy ; characters, habits, and means against Po- 
 durido\ 
 
 318. [Walsh, B. D.] [Blackberry gall insects.] <Pract. Ent., July, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 109. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Aculeus ; number of abdominal segments of Diastrophus 
 and Aulax ; reasons for considering the former the gall-maker and the lat- 
 ter the guest-fly. 
 
 319. [Walsh, B. D.] [Pine and cedar longicorns.] <Pract. Ent., July, 
 
 1867, V. 2, p. 109. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Barratt; sexual characters and food-habits of Calli- 
 dium antennatutn and C.janthinium. 
 
 320. [Walsh, B. D.] [White-pine plant-louse, etc.] <Pract. Eut., 
 
 July, 1867, V. 2, p. 109. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. Peck; Lachnits strobi on Pinus strobus; undeter- 
 mined bark-louse, with enormous lateral thoracic plates, found on Rhiit 
 glabra. 
 
 321. [Walsh, B. D.J [Cut- worms.] <Pract. Eut., July, 1867, v. 2, p. 
 
 109. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Townley ; food-habits of climbing cut- worms. 
 
 322. [Walsh, B. D.] [Currant plant-louse.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 109, 110. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of K. L. Walker; CoccineUidce as a means against Aphis 
 [= Myzus'i ribis. 
 
 323. [Walsh, B. D.] [Beetles.] <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 2, p. 110. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of I. A. Plucke ; characters and food-habits of Tetraopes 
 tornator [^^^tetraophlkalmn8'\ and of T. femoratus; comparative characters 
 of Chrysomela bigsbyana and of C.philadelphica ; characters of Chrysomelidw 
 and CoccincUidiv. 
 
 324. W[alsh], B. D. Fertilizing plants. <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 110. 
 Part played by insects in fertilizing plants. 
 
 325. W[ALSH], B. D. The peach-worm. <Pract. Ent., July, 1867, v. 
 
 2, p. 110. 
 LarviE of Ephestia zew [= interpitncleUa'j injurious to dried peaches; food- 
 plants and enemies of the same. 
 
42 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 326. W[ALSHj, B. U. Valedictory. <Pract. Ent., August-September, 
 
 1SG7, V. 2, p. 111. 
 Note of thanks for aid received in editing the Practical Entomologist. 
 
 327. W[alsh], B. D. The State entomologist of Illinois. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 August-September, 1867, v. 2, p. 111. Eeprint : <Can. Farmer, 
 1 October, 1807, v. 4. S.-b., No. 2, p. 98. 
 Bill for appointment of State eutomologist of Illinois not carried into effect. 
 
 328. W[alsh], B. D. The three so-called army- worms. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 August-September, 1867, v. 2, pp. 111-114. 
 
 Coufiusion caused by the use of the same popular name for Aiiomis [= AJetia^ 
 xvlina, Lencania umpuncta, and CUsiocampas!ilvat\ca\^=:disstria'\ ; habits, etc., 
 of the three species ; food-habits of their larvte ; characters, parasites, and 
 means against C. sylvatica \^=(Hsstria']. 
 
 329. W[ALSH], B. D. The little Turk and its crescent. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 August-September, 1867, v. 2, pp. 114-115. 
 Comments on letter from F. C. Hill'; oviposition of Conotrachehis nenuphar. 
 
 330. [Walsh, B. D.J Apple-worm. [Garpocapsa pomo7iella.) <Pract. 
 
 Ent., August-September, 1867, v. 2, p. 115. 
 Prevalence of C. pomonella in 1867 ; food-habits of its larva. 
 
 331. W[ALSHl, B. D. Spindle-worms. <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, V. 2, pp. 115-116. 
 Habits, etc., of Achatodes zew and of Gortyna nitela. 
 
 332. W[ ALSH], B. D. A plant growing out of an insect. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 August-September, 1867, v. 2, p. 116. 
 Larv.'o of Lavhnosterna fusca infested with Cordyceps turned up by the plow 
 in large numbers; lfirv;e supposed to have eaten poisonous seed which has 
 germinated after killing the larvae ; sowing the seed as a means against 
 the larvae. 
 
 333. [Walsh, B, D.j The imported gooseberry saAv-fly. <Pract. Ent., 
 
 August-September, 1867, v. 2, p. 116. 
 
 Changes in the larva of Nemat us ventricosus [= ri'&esti] during the last moult ; 
 ravages in Columbia County, N. Y. ; extent of spread from Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 334. W[alsh], B. D. The Colorado potato-bug. <Pract. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust-September, 1867, V. 2, p. 116. 
 
 Spread of Donjphora 10-lineata into southern Michigan and western Indiana. 
 
 335. W[ALSH], B. D. Apple-tree plant-lice. {Aphis mail.) <Pract. 
 
 Ent., August-September, 1867, v. 2, pp. 116-117. 
 
 Effects of early frosts on Aphis mali. 
 
 336. W[ALSH], B. D. The tent-caterpillar of the apple-tree. {Clisio- 
 
 campa americana.) <Pract. Ent., August-September, 1867, v. 
 2, p. 117. 
 
 Scarcity of C. americana in 1867 due to the abundance of an egg parasite. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC KNTOMOLOGY. 4-{ 
 
 ,337. [Walsh, B. D.l A new foe of the corn. <PrHct. Ent., August- 
 September, 18G7, V. 2, pp. 117-118. 
 
 Ravages and lU'scription of Sphetiophonts car ii. sp. L='*c»i/p/j/j«] ; habits of 
 the hirva ami imago. 
 
 338. [Walsh, B. D.] [Rhyssa atrata.] <Pract. Eiit., August-Sep- 
 tember, 1807, V. 2, p. 118. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. K. Smith; lihijsxa [= Tlialesmc] atrata ovipositing 
 in bicker J- . ' 
 
 330. [Walsh, B. D.] [Grape-vine beetles. | <Pract. Ent., August- 
 September, 18G7, V. 2, p. 118. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. D. Morse ; ravages ami food-plants of Fidia viticida 
 and of F. longipes. 
 
 340. [Walsh, B. D.] [Currant insects.] <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, V. 2, p. 118. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. M. Burns; identification o( jEgeria tipuIiformiH ; 
 mention of species called currant-worms; destructiveness of 2iemati(n veii- 
 iricosus [=>n"&esiij. 
 
 341. [Walsh, B.D.] [Rascal leaf-crumpler.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 18G7, V. 2, p. 118. 
 Answer to ini^uiry of J. M. K. ; times of transformation and means against 
 Phycita nebulo l^^AcrobasiH indiginella']. 
 
 342. [Walsh, B. D.] [Strawberry enemy.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 1807, V. 2, p. 118. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Faxon ; characters, habits, and means against Poly- 
 desmus serraius ; roots of strawberry plants injured by the same. 
 
 343. [Waxsh, B. D.] [Eight-spotted forester.] <Pract. Ent, August- 
 
 September, 18G7, V. 2, p. 118. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Gilbert; charactei-s and food-plants of Ahjpia octo- 
 macula ta. 
 
 344. [Walsh, B. D.] [Maple bark-louse.] <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. W. McLain ; characters of undescribed coccid on 
 maple. 
 
 345. [Waxsh, B. D.j [Apple-tree bark-lice.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 Answer to in<]uiry of A. Gilbert; identification of Aspidiolnx haninii [=i Chi- 
 onasjiis furf urns'] and of A. conchiformia [_= MytUaapix j>omonim] on applu- 
 trees. 
 
 346. [Walsh, B. D.] [Habits of larvfe and pupa'.j <Pract. Ent., 
 
 August-September, 1867, v. 2, p. 119. 
 Answer to inciuiry of M. M. S. ; insects whicli transform under ground enter 
 the earth in the larval stage; apparatus used by i)U|i.e in forcing their 
 way to the snrfact; of the ground. 
 
 347. [Walsh, B.D.] [Potato beetle.s: Cicindela sex'(/uttata.\ <Pract. 
 
 Ent., August-Soi)tember, 1867, v. 2, }). 119. 
 Answer to imiuiry of P. B. 8il)iey ; mention of Lytta cina'ea [=: J/acrofta«i» 
 unicoiorli, and of Doryphora lO-Uneafa as destructive to potato vines; sup- 
 posed larval habits of Cicindela nex-guttata. 
 
44 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 348. [Walsh, B. D.] [Wavy-striped flea-beetle.] <Pract. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust-September, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 Answer to iiKiuiry of E. T. Snelling ; food-habits of Haltica striolata 
 l=Ph\jUotntta vittata']. 
 
 349. [Walsh, B. D.] [Parasites of cut-worms.] <Pract. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust-September, 1867, V.2, p. 119. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Edgertou ; metamorphoses of tachinid parasites of 
 Xocttiidw. 
 
 350. [Walsh, B. D.] [Eggs on sugar-maple.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Prichard ; egg-rings of CUsiocampa americana? on 
 sngar-maple. 
 
 351. [Walsh, B. D.] [Click-beetles.] <Pract. Ent., August-Septem- 
 
 ber, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Foster, jr. ; food-habits of Melanotus communis 
 and of Monocrepidius vespertinns. 
 
 352. [Walsh, B.D.] \Ghrysobofhrisfemorata.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. J. Kelly; food-hal)its of Chrysohothris femorata. 
 
 353. [Walsh, B. D.] [Gall on chestnut.] <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Kite; mention of an undetermined Phylloxera gall 
 on the flower-catkin of the chestnut. 
 
 354. [Walsh, B. D.] [Grape-vine beetle: Bugs.] <Pract. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust-September, 1867, V. 2, p. 119. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Lazear; habits of Pelidnota. punctata; swarming 
 of Cofimelcena 2>i(Ucaria; defensive odors of Heteroptera. 
 
 355. [Walsh, B. D.] [Squash-vine insects.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 1867, V. 2, p. 120. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Parsons; larval habits of Diabrotica vittata; con- 
 fusion caused by popular names. 
 
 356. [Walsh, B. D.] [Mites.] <Pract. Ent., August-September, 1867, 
 
 V. 2, p. 120. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Carpenter; characters and life-habits of Acarina. 
 
 357. [Walsh, B. D.] [Haltica cucumeris.] <Pract. Ent, August- 
 
 September, 1867, V. 2, p. 120. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. S. ; food-habits of Haltica [= Crepidodera'] cucumeris. 
 
 358. [Walsh, B. D.] [Insects named.] <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, V. 2, p. 120. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. H. Boye ; food-habits of Conotrachehis crata'gi, 
 Melanotus communis, Pelidnota punctata, Deamocerus palliatus, Lucidota afra, 
 Podabrus rugnlosus, and P. nwdeitus; variation of Haltica l^Crepidodera^ 
 IwJxines; characters of Dolerus arrensis. 
 
HIBLIOGKArilY OF ECUNUMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 45 
 
 359. (Walsh, P.. D.] [Insects uamed.) <Pract. Ent., Auj,nist-Sep- 
 tember, 18G7, v. 2, p. 120. 
 
 Auswer to imiuiry of H. Burt; icIeDtification of aevenil insects; climbing 
 habits of cut-woiius. 
 
 300. [Walsh, B. D.] [Hickory-galls.] <Pract. Eiit., August-Septem- 
 ber, 18G7, V. 2, p. 120. 
 Auswer to inquiry of W. C. Fish; characters of galls made by Phylloxera 
 canjivglobuli and i'. varjiwcaulis; identification of several beetles. 
 
 361. [Walsh, B. D.] [Yellow swallow-tail; Rose-beetle.] <Pract. 
 
 Eut., August-Sei)tember, 1867, v. 2, p. 120. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Barratt ; identification of i'ajjiZjo turnuii; transforma- 
 tion and ravages of Macrodactylus subspinosua. 
 
 362. [Walsh, B. D.] [Blister-beetles.] <Pract. Eut., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, V. 2, p. 120. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of D. W. Kauflfman ; food-plants and characters of Macro-' 
 basis murina [= MHico/or] and of Epicauta airata [_= })enusi/lvanica']. 
 
 363. [Walsh, B. D.] [Tent-caterpillars.] <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1807, V. 2, p. 121. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. R. Williams; occnrrence of Clisiocanwa americana 
 on pear-trees and of ('. sylvatica \_=distria'\ on black-walnut. 
 
 364. [Walsh, B. D.] [Currant-worms.] <Pract. Ent., August-Sep- 
 
 tember, 1807, V. 2, p. 121. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. H. Mills; characters of the larva of Xeinafiis veiitri- 
 cosiis \^=7-ibesii'\, oi EUopial=^ Eufitchial ribearia, and of Pristiphora groasu- 
 1aria\. 
 
 365. [Walsh, B. D.j [Potato-beetle enemies.] <Pract. Ent., August- 
 
 September, 1807, V. 2, p. 121. 
 Answer to imiuiry of W. Mans; description and habits of Lebia tjrandis; 
 hemipterous enemies of Doryphora 10-Uneata. 
 
 366. W[alsh], B. I). The Colorado potato-bug. <Pract. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust-September, 1867, V, 2, p. 121. 
 Extract from Mo. Kept. U. S. Agric. Bureau, 1866, p. 344 ; doubts the occur- 
 rence of Doryphora lO-Uneaia in Pennsylvania. 
 
 367. [Walsh, B. D.J Entomology. < Prairie Farmer, December, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], n. s., V. 20, pp. 358-350. 
 Address, with discussion by others, at the third annual meeting of the South- 
 ern Illinois Fruit Growers and Shippers' Association ; ravages and means 
 against Pemphigus pyri \_= Sehizoneura lauigcra], Carpocapsa pomonella, 
 Trypeta povionella. Scmasia l==Gra2)holitha'\ pruinivora, CuUodcs [~Crapo- 
 nius] inwqualis, CouotracheUis nenuphar. 
 
 368. Walsh, B. D. The grasshoppers. <Iowa Homestead, 15 Jan- 
 
 uary, 1868 (V. 13'?), p. 0. S.-b., No. 2, p. 119. 
 Range of swarms of Caloptenua apretua in Iowa in 1867. 
 
 369. Walsh, B. D. Birds vs. insects. < Prairie Farmer, 1868, [v. 37], 
 
 n. s., V. 21; 30 May, pp. 346-317; 6 June, pp. 362-363; 13 
 June, pp. 378, 379. 
 
46 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 370. Walsh, B. D. The seventeen-year locust. <Dixie Farmer, 11 
 
 June, 1868. S.-b., No. 3, p. '23. 
 Periodicity and local distribution of the various broods of Cicada [= Tibicen} 
 septendeclm. 
 
 371. Walsh, B. D. Entomological. Do locusts sting | <Chicago Re- 
 
 publican, 1868. S.-b., No, 3, p. 25. 
 Sting of Cicada not poisonous; sting of Stiziis grandis \_-= Sphecius specioaus'\ 
 mistaken for it; habits of the Stizus. 
 
 372. Walsh, B. D. The bug-hunter in Egypt. A journal of an ento- 
 
 mological tour into south Illinois by the senior editor. < Amer. 
 Eut., 1868, V. 1; September, pp. 6-14, figs. 1-7; October, pp. 
 29-36, figs. 23-29. 
 Habits and tignres of Macronema zebratum, Falinrjema [= Hexagenial bilineata, 
 Cicada sp., Stizus grandis [= Sjihecius sjjeriosus], Xyiocopa Carolina [= rtj-. 
 ginica'\, and Anihophora sjyonsa [= ubrtqjia} ; sting of Cicada not poisonous, 
 that of the Stizus mistaken for it; habits of Conotrachelus nenuphar; de- 
 scription of Hull's Curculio-catcher; Conotrachelus anaghjpticus and Colas- 
 pis sp. injurious to j)lum-trees ; figures of lUiopahis sp. and Euryomia [= Eu- 
 phoria'] melancholica injurious to pear-trees ; figure and habits of Metapodius 
 nasalus \^^:^ J'cmoratus~\ ; predaceous habits of Arma 1^= Fodisiis'\ spinosus, 
 Evagoras viridis [= Diplodus luridus'], and Stirelrus fimbriatus \^=z anchoragoy, 
 work of Aspidioius harrisii [= Chionaspis furfui-us] upon pear, and of Ceci- 
 domyia [= Dii)losis'\ tritici in wheat ; occurrence of Endrosa 1= Laehnosterna'\ 
 quercus, Doryphorajuncta, and Trichius delta in Illinois ; mite enemy of Aspi- 
 diotua conrhij'ormis [= Mytilaspis pomorum'] ; injury to fruit by Apis melUfica ; 
 hot water as a means against Schizoneura lanigera ; habits and figures of 
 Chrysopa sp. ; figures oi Aspidoglossa subangulata, Harpalus pennsylvanicus, 
 and Evarthrus orbatus ; figures and descriptions of larva of a carabid aud 
 of Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus ; Curculio-feediug habits of Carabidw. 
 
 373. Walsh, B. D. First annual report on the noxious insects of the 
 
 State of Illinois. <Trans. 111. State Hortic. Soc. for 1867, n. s., 
 V. 1, Appendix. Separate: <Chicago, 1868, 103 pp., tigs. 1-3. 
 
 table of CONTENTS. 
 
 Introductok Y 3 
 
 ChaptkkI. The grape Curculio. Caliodes[=^ Craponius'] ina'gualisSaby. 
 
 Its history — Guest insects, parasites, and cannibals — Remedy 13 
 
 Chai'TEU 2. The grape-leaf gall-louse. Dactylospiuvra vitifoliw, Fitch 
 [= Phylloxera vastatrix^. 
 Peculiar to the Clinton and other cultivated varieties of Frost 
 
 grape — Practical inference therefrom 21 
 
 Chapter 3. The rose-bug. Macrodactylus subspinosus Linn. 
 
 Device for destroying it on grape-vines 24 
 
 Chapter 4. The grape-root borer. Nigeria [:= Sciapteron'\ polistiformis 
 Harris. 
 
 Its history — Its scientific nomenclature — Remedies 24 
 
 Chapter 5. The apple-worm or codling-moth. Carpocapsa pomonella 
 Linn. 
 
 Double-brooded — Practical inference therefrom — Remedies 27 
 
 Chapter 6. The apple-maggot fly. Tr ypeta 2)omoneria V^^a.\sb. 
 
 Occurs at present only in certain Eastern States on the apple, 
 though it was found long ago in Illinois on the crab— Its history. 89 
 
BIBLIOGKAPHY OIT ECO.NOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 47 
 
 373. Walsh, B. D.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter?. The rascal leuf-ciuinpler. rhyoita vebulo Wa\sh \_= Aero- 
 basi>t ivd'Kjinelhil. 
 A iJecnliarly Xorthwestern species, not found either East or South — 
 Easilj' destroyed 'M 
 
 Chapters. The oyster-shell bark-louse. J.s2)idiotus coiicliiJ'orini» iinial. 
 [= 2l!jiil(is2)is pomorum'\. 
 
 Its history — Loses almost all its organs when only a few days old, 
 and becomes thenceforth as stationary as a cabbage — How it 
 spreads from tree to tree — Mites and their natural history — Plant- 
 feeding mites, parasitic mites, and cannibal mites — The bark- 
 louse largely prejed on by a minute cannibal mite — Useless and 
 
 useful remedies 34 
 
 Chapter 9. Harris' bark-louse. Aapidiotus harrisii Walsh \_=Chi- 
 onaspis finfuru8'\. 
 
 How it dili'ers from the preceding — The geographical distribution. 53 
 Chapter 10. The apple-root plant-louse. Pcmpliigus pyri Fitch 
 [= Schizonetira laiii(jera'\. 
 
 Often confounded in Illinois with the true "Woolly plant-louse" — 
 The differences — Its history — Causes a form of "rotten-root" — 
 
 Its supposed cannibal foes — Remedies 55 
 
 Chapter 11. The plum Curculio. ConoirachcluH nenuphar Herbst. 
 
 Its history — Its peculiar crescent cut explained — Double-brooded — 
 Its supposed enemies, the so-called "Cnrculio parasite" and the 
 
 Baltimore oriole — Remedies 64 
 
 Chapter 12. The plum-gouger. Anthonomus 2)ri('ticidaVt'A\sh.[_=Coc- 
 cotorus ncutellari^l. 
 
 Bores a round hole in the plum, instead of a crescent cut — How 
 and why it does this — Differs in many other respects from the 
 
 Curculio - 72 
 
 Chapter 13. The plum-moth. Semasia [=(7r«j>/io?i7//a] jyrinnvora 
 Walsh. 
 
 Its history — Probably a guest-moth, and therefore not injurious.. 78 
 (Chapter 14. The hateful grasshopper, Calopienm spretiis Walsh. 
 
 The Rocky Mountains its natural home — Invades in certain years 
 certain neighboring districts, such as Texas, Missouri, Kansas, 
 Nebraska, and Iowa — Lays there millions of eggs, which develop 
 into barren grasshoppers only — Invasion of 180C — Damage done 
 by the young grasshoppers in the spring of 1807 — In Kansas 
 about one-eighth of the field crops and seven-eighths of the gar- 
 den crops destroyed by them— Grashopper invasions of A. D. 
 1820, 1856, 18.57, 1864, and 1867— Probable results in 1868 of 
 the invasion of 1867 — Has never yet come within 115 miles of 
 Illinois— Can not spread into Illinois as the Colorado potato-bug 
 has done— Reasons why, in all human probability, it can never 
 reach Illinois at all 82 
 
 374. Walsh, B. D. A friend unmasked. <Amer. Ent., November, 
 
 18G8, V. 1, pp. 51-o2, lig. 55. 
 
 Description and figures of larva and adult of t'hatiUognathns penimjlvanicus \ 
 characters and habits of the Telephoridce, 
 
48 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 375. AVaish, B. D. Appendix to the article ou "Wasps and their 
 
 habits," in No. 7. <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, pp. 162-164. 
 Habits of Chrysididxp; descriptious of .S/i^MS \^Megasnzu8'] brevipevnis n. sp., 
 Jgenia subcorlicalis n. sp., A. archfteciits Say, A. cupida Cress., A. bombycina 
 Cress., Ceropales rufiventris n. sp.,aud Ammophila pictipennls n. sp. ; -tabular 
 separation of the genera of Sphecidw. See No. 543. 
 
 376. Walsh, B. D. Mr. Couper's thorn-leaf gall. <Ca. Ent., 15 April, 
 
 1869, V. 1, pp. 79-80. 
 Description of cecidomyidous leaf-gall on Cratwgua; mentions of three addi- 
 tional Cecidoniyidous, and an Acaridous gall on the same; Antlionomus 
 cratayi iuquilinous in gall on Cratwgus. 
 
 377. Walsh, B. D. The six worst insect enemies of the trait growers 
 
 in northern Illinois. <Traus. North. 111. Hortic. Soc. for 1867- 
 '68, pp. 91-96. 
 Treats of Carpocapsa pomonella, Aspidiotus conchiformis l=-Myti1a8pi8pomorum'i, 
 Aniaopteryx [= PaZeacrtto] ceritaia, Sapcrda birittaia l:^ caridida'], Chrysu- 
 hothria femorata, Conotrachelus nenuphar, and Anthonomus prunicida l=Coc- 
 cotorus 8cuteUaris'\. 
 
 378. Walsh, B. D. Squash borer. <Cultivator and Country Gentle- 
 
 man, 30 September, 1869, v. 34, p. 256. Extract: <Prairie 
 Farmer, 30 October, 1869. 
 
 Characters of larva and imago of JEgeria cucurbitw [= MelUtiaceto'] ; natural 
 history, means against, and distribution of the same. 
 
 379. Walsh, B. D. Apple-tree borers. <Journ. 111. State Agric. Soc. 
 
 Eeprint: <Trans. 111. State Agric. Soc, v. 5, pp. 499-501. 
 
 Comparative differences between Saperda and Chrysohothris; son,]} as a means 
 against the same. 
 
 380. Walsh, B. D. On a species of Hemiteles {Ichneuynonidce), ascer- 
 
 tained by the editor to be parasitic in Canada on the imported 
 currant-worm fly {Xematus ventricosus Klug). <Can. Ent., 1 
 October, 1869, v. 2, pp. 9-12. 
 
 Division of Hemiteles into two groups ; description of H. nemativorus u. sp.; 
 larval and pupal history of the same by C. J. S. Bethune. 
 
 381. Walsh, B. D. The imported currant-worm fly {Nematus ventri- 
 
 cosus Klug) and its parasite {Hemiteles nemativorus Walsh)* 
 <Ca. Ent., 15 November, 1869, v. 2, pp. 31-33. 
 Correction of errors in No. 380 ; sexual characters of Hemiteles ; variation in 
 the time at which the imago state is assumed by hibernating insects ; 
 heteropterous enemies of Nematus ventricosus l=ribesii']. 
 
 382. Walsh, B. D. Larvse in the human bowels. One of Mr. Walsh's 
 
 posthumous articles. <Amer. Ent., March, 1870, v. 2, pp. 137- 
 141, fig. 93. 
 
 Characters and habits of larval Homalomyia; description of the larva of H. 
 tvihoni, H. leidyi, and H. prunivora n. spp. ; mention of recorded cases of 
 diptera in the human bowels; figures larva of H. wdsoni. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 49 
 
 383. Walsh, B. D. One day's journal of a State entomologist. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, pp. 197-199. 
 Sketch of aa average day's work of a State eatomologist. 
 
 384. Walsh, B. D. On the group Enrytomides of the hymenopterous 
 
 family Chalcidichc, with remarks on the theory of species and 
 a description of Antigastcr, a new and very anomalous genus 
 of Clialcididce. <xVmer. Ent. and Bot., 1870, v. 2, September, 
 pp. 297-301, fig. 1, 2 ; October, pp. 329-335, fig. 3-G ; Decem- 
 ber, pp. 367-370, fig. 7-10. 
 
 Descriptions, habits, and figures of many Eurytomides; synoptic tables of 
 the species of Eurytoma and Decatoma. For a list of the new species see 
 the Systematic Index. 
 
 385. Walsh, B. D. Descriptions of North American Hymenoptera. 
 
 <Traus. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 7 May— June, 1873, v. 3, pp. G5- 
 166, fig. 
 Printed posthumously, with notes by E. T. Cresson ; description of many pre- 
 viously described Tenthredinidce and Ichneumonida;; five (5) new genera and 
 forty- five (45) new species of Ichneumonidw are described, for a list of 
 which see the Systematic Index; figures venation of front wing of Ichneu- 
 mon. • 
 
 4 ENT 
 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF A(;RICULTURE. 
 
 DIVISIOX OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 BIBLIOGEAPIIY 
 
 THE MOKE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 TO 
 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 PREPARED, BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 Br 
 
 SAMUEL HENS HAW. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 THE MORE IMPORTANT JOINT WRITINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 B. D. WALSH and C. V. RILEY. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1889. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MORE IMPORTANT COxXTRIBUTIONS TO 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOCY. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 380. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Kiley.] Salutatory. To the agricult- 
 urists and horticulturists of the United States. <Amer. Ent., 
 September, 18G8, v. 1, pp. 1-3. 
 Importance aud extent of the ravages of insects ; practicability of the dimi- 
 niitiou of these ravages; vahie of entomological work ; aims of the Amiri- 
 can Entomologist. 
 
 387. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Hogs vs. bugs. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 18G8, v. 1, pp. 3-G. 
 
 Effectiveness of swine as a means against Conotrachelus nenuphar and Carpo. 
 capsa pomoneUa ; qnotations showing good results from pasturing swine in 
 fruit orchards. 
 
 388. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Insect changes. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September, 18GS, v. 1, p. G. • 
 
 Defiuition of the different stages of insect transformation. 
 
 389. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] A new bark-louse on the 
 
 osage orange. <Amer. Ent., September, 18GS, v. 1, p. 14, fig. 8. 
 Seasons, food-plants, characters, aud figures of Lecanium maclura n. sp., 
 \_^ Pulvinaria innumerahilis'} and of L. acericola n. sp. [= P. innumerabiU>i'\ ; 
 characters and economic imjjortance of the genus Aspid'wtuH. 
 
 390. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Entomological ignorance in 
 
 the South. <Amer. Ent., September, 1SG8, v. 1, pp. 14-1(1. 
 Reprint and criticism of article, " How to destroy the cotton-worm — a sug- 
 gestion." 
 
 391. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Grasshoppers. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 18G8, v. 1, p. IG. 
 
 Ravages of Acrididw in Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri ; mention of the species 
 committing these ravages ; means against the same. 
 
 392. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Tlie old and the new ])hiloso- 
 
 phy. <Amer. Ent., September, 18G8, v. 1, p. 17. 
 Defense of the practical application of science. 
 
 393. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] The animal kingdom. <Amer. 
 
 Ent, September, 18G8, v. 1, pp. 17-18. 
 Definition of the "four g^and branches of the animal kingdom;" mention 
 of their respective classes. 
 
 53 
 
54 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 394. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ad interim committees. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., September, 1868, v. 1, p. 18. 
 Duties of ad interim committees of horticultural societies ; the Amerieari En- 
 tomologist ready to publish any scieutific discoveries or observations with 
 regard to rots or diseases of a vegetal nature. 
 
 395. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 18G8, v. 1, p. 18. 
 Notice of W. H. Edwards's "The butterflies of North America," pt. 1 ; of A. 
 S. Packard, jr.'s " Guide to the study of insects," pt. 2; and of the "Cana- 
 dian Entomologist," v. 1, No. 1. 
 
 396. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] "Fire-flies." <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1808, v. 1, p. 19, tig. 9. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. McC. ; characters and transformations of Photinus 
 pyralis ; figures larva, with details of structure, pupa, and imago. 
 
 397. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley^] A new grape root-borer. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., September, 1868, v. 1, p. 19. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. D. F. Lummis ; characters and ravages of an unde- 
 termined lougicorn larva; food-habits of Orthosoma cylindricum [^^brun- 
 neum'\. 
 
 398. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Bugs on grape-vines mistaken 
 
 for chinch-bugs. <Amer. Ent., September, 1868, v. 1, p. 19. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Hecker ; characters, ravages, and food-plants of 
 Blissus leucojiterus and of Piesma cinerea. 
 
 399. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Leaf-hoppers of the grape. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., September, 1868, v. 1, p. 19. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Hecker; characters and ravages of Proconia [= On- 
 cometopia'\ iindata. 
 
 400. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Leaf bugs. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1868, v. 1, p. 19. 
 
 Answer to inciuiry of C H. Peck ; food-habits of Tingis [=: Gargaphia'\ tilice 
 and of T. [^ Coriithuca] ciliata ; punctures on leaves caused by Hemiptera. 
 
 401. [Walsh, B. D,, and 0. y. Riley.] Potato bugs. <Amer.* Ent., 
 
 1868, V. 1, October, pp. 21-27, fig. 10-19 ; November, pp. 41- 
 49, fig. 33-48. 
 Failure of popular authors to distinguish between the different insects in- 
 festing the potato plant; brief accounts and figures of one or more stages 
 of the following species: Gorti/na nitela, Bai-idiiis [= Trichobarisli trinotata, 
 Sphinx b-macnlata [= Prokyparcc ceUus], Lytta [= Epicauta'] vittata, L. atrata 
 [=£. pennsijlvanicali, L. marginata [=£. cinerea'\, L. cinerea \_^=Macro- 
 hasis unicolor'], L. murina [=J/. unicolor'], Lema trilineata, and Haltica 
 l=Crepidodcra] aicumeris; migrations, habits, enemies, and means against 
 Dorgphora 10-Uneata ; figures of all stages of D. lO-lineata and D. juncta 
 aud of numerous enemies of the former. 
 
 402. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] "Grasshoppers." Their de- 
 
 vastations in western Iowa aud the good that has resulted 
 from them. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, pp. 27-28. 
 Letter of M. C. Nickerson, with comments; seeds of Filfa vaginceflora carried 
 by "grasshoppers." 
 
UIBLIOGRAPHY OF KCONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 55 
 
 403. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] An apple growing on a grape- 
 
 vine. <Anier. Ent., October, 18G8, v. 1, p. L'8. 
 
 Extract from liichmoud ( Va.) Whvj, with criticism ; a gall of Cecuhmyia riiia- 
 pomum mistaken for an apple growiug on a grape-vine. See No8. :132,4:J6, 
 
 478. 
 
 404. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Ticks and Texas fever. 
 
 <Anier. Ent., October, 18G8, v. 1, p. 28. 
 
 Improbability that Ixodes boi'io is the canse of the Texas fever of cattle. 
 
 405. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Kiley.] Scientific symbols. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 28. Reprint : <Op. cit., Novem- 
 ber, 18G9, V. 2, p. 50. 
 Explanation of the use of the signs designating the sexes. 
 
 40G. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] A swarm of butterflies. 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, pp. 28-29, figs. 20-22. 
 Record of swarms of Danais archippus ; food-plant of larva; ti<Tures larva 
 chrysalis, and imago. 
 
 407. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The sting of the 17-year 
 
 Cicada. <Ainer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, i)p. .36-37. 
 Communications from F. W. Collins, R. Richardson, and H. Borden, on the 
 reputed sting of Cicada [= Tibicen'} septendecim and on the habits of Stizua 
 grandis [= Sphecius speciosusl. 
 
 408. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 October, 1868, v. 1, p. 37. 
 
 Notice of "The insect world," by L. Figuier. 
 
 409. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Squash-bug ; its change of 
 
 color. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 37. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Periam ; changes of color of Corcus [= Anasa] tristis 
 during its metamorphoses. 
 
 410. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] White grub; immunity from 
 
 it next year in Clinton County, Mo. <Amer. Ent., October, 
 1868, V. 1, p. 37. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. P. McCartney ; life-habits of Lack noaterna fusca. 
 
 411. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley\] Insect enemies of the Colo- 
 
 rado potato beetle. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. l,p. 37. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. H. Kriedelbaugh ; identification of three insect 
 enemies of Doryphora \0-Uneata. 
 
 412. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] "Harvest-bugs" in America, 
 
 misnamed "jiggers." <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 38. 
 Answer to imjuiry of M. McKenzio; habits of parasitic Acarina; distribution 
 of and injuries caused by Sarcopsylla penetrans. 
 
 413. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 October, 1868, v. 1, p. 38. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. T. Smith; food-plants of Aphis mali and of Noto- 
 donta \^^ Qildcmasia'] concinna; Canxpoplex \^=^ Limneria'\ fiujiiiva parasitic 
 on larva of Euchatea egle. 
 
 414. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Grapes cut off by the tree 
 
 cricket. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 'dS^ fig. 30-31. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Tice; food-habits of (Ecanthus niveus ; deposition 
 of eggs ; figures both sexes. 
 
56 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 415. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The Buffalo tree-hopper. 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 18G8, v. 1, p. 38. 
 Aussver to inquiry of P. Rickert ; characters, habits, aud means against Ce- 
 resa buhalus. 
 
 41G. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] A scavenger mistaken for a 
 foe. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 38. 
 Answer to inquiry of Simmons and Tillson; characters aud habits of the 
 larva of Copris Carolina. 
 
 417. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insect foes of the bark-louse. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 39, fig. 32. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Weed; habits aud figures of larva and imago of 
 Cliilocorus bivulnerus; food-habits aud figure of Epilachna horealis. 
 
 418. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Best works on entomology. 
 
 <Anier. Ent, October, 1868, v. 1, p. 39c 
 Auswer to inquiry of B. M. Reynolds; mention of several important works 
 ou entomology. 
 
 419. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Larvse in plum-gum. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 39. 
 Answer to inquiry of P. Rickert; unknown larva (probably dipterous) found 
 in gum of plum tree; Mycetophila sp., bred from gum of peach-tree. 
 
 420. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insect foes of the hop vine. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 39. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Freeman ; characters and habits of larva of Sa- 
 turnia 1= Hyperchiria'] io and of Vanessa \^=Grapta'\ interrogationis. 
 
 421. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insect foe of the apple-tree 
 
 borer. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 39. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. E. Walker; undetermined carabid larva preying 
 upon larva of Saperda Candida. 
 
 422. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Oak tree caterpillars. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 39. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Daniells ; characters and habits of larva oi Edema 
 albifrons. 
 
 423. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Bark-lice on apple trees. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. G. Fleck ; Mytilaspis pomorum destroyed by a miHiite 
 mite. 
 
 424. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The "saddle-back" cater- 
 
 pillar. <Amer. Ent., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 40. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of E. Baxter aud O. A. Kenyon ; characters, habits, and 
 ' urticating properties of the larva of Empretia stimulea. 
 
 425. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] The regal walnut caterpillar. 
 
 <Amer. Ent, October, 1868, v. 1, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. Copley; characters and food-plants of larva of 
 Citlicronia regalis; times of metamorphosis ; characters of the imago. 
 
 426. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The Hessian fly. <Amer. 
 
 Ent, October, 1868, v. 1, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. D. Carson ; ravages of Cecidoviyia destructor ; late 
 sowing as a means of avoiding the same. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 57 
 
 427. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Kiley.J Red cedar caterpillar. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., October, 1868, v. 1, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiry of II. Peter ; habits, characters, and means against Thyri- 
 dopleryx ephemera'formis. 
 
 428. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Wheat,-iuidf?e winter killed. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., October,* 18G8, v. 1, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. P. Alexander; cause of the scarcity of Diplosis Iriticl. 
 
 429. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Grape vine borer. <Anier. 
 
 Ent., October, 18G8, v. 1, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiries of A. Barter and J. H. Hogau ; undetermined cerambycid 
 hxrva injurious to grape-vines. 
 
 430. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Popular names aud scientific 
 
 names. <Amer. Eut., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 49, figs. 49-51. 
 Indetiuiteness of popular names; figures Jnlus sp., and the larva and imago 
 of one of the Elateridce. 
 
 431. [Walsh, B. D,, and C. V. Riley.] Entomological ignorance in 
 
 the North. <Amer. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, pp. 50-51, 
 figs. 52-54. 
 
 Confusion existing in regard to the meaning of the word locust; habits of 
 Acridida and Cicadida- ; figures types of the two families and of twig with 
 eggs of Cicada sp. 
 
 432. [WALSH, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Tit for tat. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 52. 
 
 Ridicule of an absurd entomological item. 
 
 433. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Grasshoppers. <Amer. Eut, 
 
 November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 53. 
 Abundance and ravages of several species of Acrididw and of Acheta [= Gryllnsl 
 abbreviatus in the northern central United States, aud scarcity of the same 
 in New York in 1868. 
 
 434. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] To keep seed peas from bugs. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 53. 
 Habits of and means against Bruchus pisi. 
 
 435. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Mind how you pack insects. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 54. 
 
 Care needed to avoid the introduction of noxious insects. 
 
 436. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] The apple growing on a grape 
 
 vine. <Amer. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 54. 
 The "vegetable phenomenon," see Nos. 332, 403, 478, proved to be a gftll, 
 
 437. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The late exhibition of useful 
 
 and destructive insects at Paris. <Amer. Eut., November, 
 1868, V. 1, p. 65. 
 Notice of the formation of the Socidtd d'Insectologie Agricole at Paris, and 
 of the second exhibition of the society. 
 
 438. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Destroying black ants in gar- 
 
 deus. <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 55. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. S. Patten ; means against Formicidw in gardens. 
 
68 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 439. [Walsu, B. D., aud C. Y. Riley.] Entomological quackery. 
 
 <Aiuer. Eut., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 56. 
 Keprint of "TheCurculio (lowaHomestetid, 22d July, 18GS). with comments; 
 meaus against Conotrachehis nenuphar: 
 
 440. [Walsh, B.D., aud C.V.Riley.] The cruel bug-hunters. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p; 56. 
 Insects are not susceptible of such feelings of pain and pleasure as are felt 
 by higher animals. 
 
 441. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Honey bees eating grapes. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 56. 
 Eeprint of a letter by T. W., from Ohio Farmer, with comments ; Ap't8 melli- 
 fica as an enemy of sound fruit. 
 
 442. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Twigs amputated by some 
 
 unknown animal. <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 57. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Ikirnside ; method of work of an undetermined fruit- 
 tree primer [= Oncideres cingulata ?]. 
 
 443. [Walsh, B. D.^ and C. Y. Riley.] Twigs girdled by some ani- 
 
 mal.' <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 57. 
 Answer to inquiries of Judge Brown and P. Earle ; method of work of an 
 undetermined fruit-tree pruner [^ Oncideres cingulata'!] ; trees affected. 
 
 444. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Hop- vine caterpillar. < Amer. 
 
 Eut., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. J. Dunlap ; larva of &rapta interrogafionis feeding 
 on hop-vines. 
 
 445. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] " Galls" on leaves of soft maple. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 57. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. L. Child; characters of undescribed mite-galls and 
 their architects; mode of formation of leaf-galls by mites. 
 
 446. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Unsightly galls on the cot- 
 
 tonwood. <Amer, Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. L. Child ; character of galls made by Pemphigus va- 
 gabondus and P. populicaulis ; their effects upon the cottonwood and means 
 against them. 
 
 447. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1868, v. 1, p. 57. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Baxter; Gordius aquaticus a host in Orchelimum 
 gracile; Cetonia [= Euphoria] inda destructive to the peach. 
 
 448. [Walsh, B. B., and C. Y. Riley.] The stick-bug. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1868, v. 1, p. 58. Reprint : <Can. Farmer, 15 Jan- 
 uary, 1870. 
 
 Description, vernacular names, and habits of Spectrum [^= Diapheromera] 
 femorata. 
 
 449. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Woolly lice on the beech. 
 
 <Amer. Ent, November. 1868, v. 1, p. 58. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. H. Guiwits; habits and food-plants of Pemphigus 
 imhricator. 
 
lilBLIOGUAPllV OK ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOOV. 59 
 
 450. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. Y. Kile Y.J The sheep-botor head-maggot. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1SG8, v. 1, p. 58. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of R. W. Scott; (Estrus ovia ordinarily oviparous* Koine- 
 times the og^js batch prematurely inside the body. 
 
 451. [Walsh, B. B., and C. V. Riley.] Leaf-miners of tlin locust. 
 
 <Anier. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, [>. 58. 
 
 Answer to infjuiry of R. "\V. Scott; chai-acters, babits, ravages, and means 
 against Hispa scuteUurin [= Odontoia dorsalix']. 
 
 45l'. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Leaf-hoppers on celery. 
 <xVmer. Ent., November, 1SG8, v. 1, p. 58. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of R. Parnell ; mention of two undescribed Tettigonidw 
 infesting early celery. 
 
 453. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] rarsnij) caterpillars.— Scor- 
 
 pions. <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Brewer; food-plants of larva of PapUio axierias ; 
 babits of the imago; babits aud sting of liuthits carolinianus; its occur- 
 rence in Mi.ssouri. 
 
 454. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley^.] Noxious insects named. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Parsons; larval characters and food-plants of 
 llijphantria iextor l=:cunea'], Xotodonia [=^ (Edemaaia'l conchina, Aictiu 
 l^ Sjiiiosoma'] virginica, Carpocapsa pomomUa, and of Tnjpeta pomoncUa. 
 
 455. [Walsh, B. 1)., and C. V. Riley.] Cut-worms destroying re- 
 
 cently sown wheat. < Amer. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to intiuiry of T. \l. Allen; characters, babits, aud means against un- 
 determined Xoctuidw attacking wheat. 
 
 45G. [Walsh, B. B., and C. V. Riley.] The spined soldier bug. 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of I. Hicks; Podisua npinosus as an enemy of Ilyphantria 
 textor [= cunea']. 
 
 457. [Walsh, B. 13., atul 0. Y. Riley.] The preying Mantis, alias 
 
 Devil's riding horse, etc. <Amer. Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, 
 p. 59. 
 
 Answer to incjuiry of A. Pettit; habits of Mantis l^^Phasniomantis] Carolina ; 
 egg-mass of the same. 
 
 458. [Walsh, B.D., and C. Y. Riley.] The pigeon Tremex. <Anier. 
 
 Ent., November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. l^rewer; characters of Tremcs columha; fi>«d-habit8 
 and parasites of its larva. 
 
 459. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Flesh-worms. <Amer. Knt., 
 
 November, 18G8, v. 1, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. J. Stuart; larval babits of an undetermined musciil- 
 
 4G0. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Fall web- worm on hickory. 
 <Amer. Ent., November, ISGS, v. 1, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Daniels; transformation of Hyphautria Iextor 
 [= cunea] ; characters of its larva and imago. 
 
60 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 461. [Walsh, B. D,, and C. V. Riley.] Butterflies named. <Araer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Butterfield; characters of Colias philodiee, Va- 
 nessa [= Grapta'l comma, and Danais archipjius. 
 
 462. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Museum pest. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Holt, jr. ; means against Dermestidcp. 
 
 463. [ Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. < Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Weed; enemies of plant-lice and bark -lice; food- 
 plant and characters of the larva of Papilio tiirnus. 
 
 464. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Grapes spoiled by sometbing. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Wood; grapes injured from some unknown cause; 
 juice from wounded grapes as food for moths. 
 
 465. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] White-pine worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. T. Little; food-plants of larva of Lopliyrus abhotti; 
 transformations of the same. 
 
 466. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] The Tarantula of Texas. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Bell ; manner in which Pompiliis [:=Pe|>8is] formosa 
 prepares Mygale henizii for food for its larva. 
 
 467. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insect foes of the apple-tree. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brackett; characters of larva of Carpocapsa po- 
 mo7iella', means against Datana ministra aud Pemphigus pyri l^^Schizoneura 
 lanigera'\. 
 
 468. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Grape-leaf folders eaten by 
 
 spiders. <Amer. Ent., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. A. Hilliard; larva of Desmia maculaJis destroyed by 
 a spider. 
 
 469. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Caterpillar of the Troilus but- 
 
 terfly. <Amer. Eut., November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller ; food-habits of larva of Papilio troilus. 
 
 470. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Potato beetles. <Amer. Eut., 
 
 November, 1868, v. 1, p. 60. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of P. H. Foster; identification oi Epicauta vittata and 
 Macrolasis unicolor as enemies of the potato. 
 
 471. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] Holes round the roots of 
 
 young ash trees in the nursery. <Amer. Ent., November, 
 1868, V. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of I. Hicks ; characters and food-habits of the larva of 
 Xyloryctes satyrus. 
 
 472. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Locust borers. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1808, v. 1, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of U. Bruner; destructiveness of the larva of Clytus 
 [^ Cyllenel rohiniw. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 61 
 
 473. I Walsh, B. D., aiul C. V. UiLEY.] Thebell^nammitetly. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., December, 18GS, v. 1, pp. G1-G2, figs. 56-57. 
 Habits of Corydalun cornutus; figures the lurva, pupa, aud imago; descrip- 
 tion aud figure of the eggs of Belostoma americanum mistaken for those of 
 Corydalus. 
 
 474. [Walsh, B.D., aud C.V.Riley.] The periodical Cicada. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., December, 18G8, v. 1, pp. G3-72, figs. 58-G4. Extract : 
 <Op. cit., Juue, 18G9, v. 1, p. 202. 
 
 Characterization of the 13-year brood of Cicada as a new species, C.[= Tibicen] 
 tredecim ; dimorphism of the same and of C. [= T. ] septeiidtcim; seasons, nat- 
 ural history, transformations, enemies, sting, aud injuries of these species; 
 chronological history of their several known broods; figures the several 
 stages of C. [=T.] se})tendecim, the towers made by the pupa and twigs 
 ■with eggs. 
 
 475. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The hateful or ColoracJo grass- 
 
 hopper, Calopteniis spretus, Uhler aud Walsh. <Amer. Eut., 
 December, 18G8, v. 1, pp. 73-7G, fig. 65. 
 Comparative characters and figures of Caloptenus spretus aud C. femur-ruhrum ; 
 native habitat, migrations, distribution, and ravages of the former ; harm- 
 lessness of its second generation in the Mississippi Valley as compared with 
 the first generation ; improbability that it will ever become a permanent 
 resident in that region. 
 
 476. [Walsh; B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The twig-girdler, Oncideres 
 
 cingulatus, Say. <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, pp. 76- 
 77, tig. 66. 
 * Oviposition and food habits of Oncideres dngulaia ; figure of imago and of 
 amputated twig. » 
 
 477. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] An Ichneumon fly mistaken 
 
 for a wasp. <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 77. 
 
 Review of paper in Christian Advocate on "The stiletto wasp" ; I'iinpla 
 [= Thalessa'\ atrata probably mistaken for a wasp. 
 
 478. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] A plant growing out of an 
 
 insect. <Amer. Eut., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 77. 
 
 See Nos. 332, 403, 436; extract from Sedalia Press, with comments; larvji- of 
 Lachnoatcrna fusca infested with Cordyceps ; larva' supposed to have eaten 
 poisonous seed, which has germinated after killing the larvie ; sowing the 
 seed as a means against the larvie. 
 
 471). [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ou our table. <Amer. Ent, 
 December, 1868, v. 1, p. 78. 
 
 Notices of The butterflies of North America by W. H. Edwards.— The Cana- 
 dian Entomologist. — Guide to the study of insects by A. S. Packard, Jr. 
 
 480. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.) Eggs of the white-marked 
 
 tussock moth. <Amer. Eut., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 79, fig. 67. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Hannah; characters of egg and larva Of Orgyia 
 leucostigma ; sexual differences; parasites; figure of the larva. 
 
 481. [Walsh,B. D., aud C.V.Riley.] Curraut borers. <Amer.Ent., 
 
 December, 1868, v. 1, p. 79. 
 
 Vnswer to inciniry of B. N. McKiustry; means against Trorhilimn [^ .Kgc- 
 rja] tip id if or mis, T. \_= Alcathm'\ catidatam, and Psenocerus sHpernotatus. 
 
62 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 482. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Insect infesting grape seed. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 79, fig. G8. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller ; characters and figure of larva of Isosoma 
 vitis infesting grape seed. 
 
 483. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V. Eiley.] Museum pests again. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 79. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Huggins ; means against Anihreni in collections of 
 natural history. 
 
 484. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Eiley.] Grapevine leaf-hoppers. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 79. 
 Answer to inquiry of P. C. Holmes ; means against grape-vine leaf-hoppers. 
 
 485. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Apple-tree borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80, fig. 69. 
 Answer to inquiries of J. T. Zimmerman, C. H. Eoberts, and C. E. Babbitt ; 
 habits, ravages, and figure of Bostrichus {_= Aviphicerus'\ hicaudatus. 
 
 486. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] The murky ground beetle. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. T. Dale ; fcod-habits and bombardier discharges of 
 Harpalus caliginostts. 
 
 487. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Curculio and bark-lice. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of D. A. Compton ; hibernation of Conotrachelus nenuphar; 
 soft soap as a means against Coccidw. 
 
 488. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Insects to be named. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. B. Beach ; identification of several lepidopterous 
 larvie; food-habits of Dryocampa stigma and D. pellucida [^virginiensis^. 
 
 489. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Young pecan trees girdled. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 
 Answer to inq«iry of Mann and Redmond ; means against Oncideres cingnlatn. 
 
 490. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. T. Dale ; identification of several Coleoptera ; sup- 
 posed food-habits of Tragidionfulvipenne; character of cocoons of two spe- 
 cies of Microgaster infesting Protoparce celeus. 
 
 491. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Eggs of true bugs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. C. Thornton ; characters of eggs of Prionidus cris- 
 tatus. See Amer. Ent., v. 1, pp. 96 and 187. 
 
 492. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Museum pest once more. 
 
 <Amer. Ent, December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. M. L. ; larva; of Jnihrenus mmworum injuring whale- 
 bone, woolen goods, etc. 
 
 493. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] The Tarantula of Texas again. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1868, v. 1, p. 80. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Peabody ; distribution o£ My gale hentzii in Missouri. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 63 
 
 494. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley, j The Hessian fly on seed 
 
 wheat. <Amer. Ent., December, 18158, v. 1, p. 80. 
 Answer to inquiry of U. Scott ; broods and times of trausforiuation of Ccci- 
 domyia destructor. 
 
 495. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The apple-root plant-louse. 
 
 Eriosoma (Pemphigus) pyri. Fitch. <Amer. Ent., January, 
 1869, V. 1, pp. 81-84, figs. 70-72. 
 Habits, ravages, description, enemies, and parasites of, and means against 
 Eriosoma pyri l^=Schi:oneura Ianigera'\; figures injured root, larva, and 
 adult with details of structure; figures adult plant-louse found on cotton- 
 wood; description and figure of larva, pupariiini, and imago oi ripiza 
 radicum n. sp. 
 
 496. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ants' nests in gardens. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 84. 
 
 Means against ants. 
 
 497. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The parasites of the human 
 
 animal. <Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, pp. 84-88, figs. 
 73-74. 
 
 Brief accounts of Pediculus humaims 1^= vestimoiti'], P. cervicalis l^ capitis'], 
 F. \_z^Pthirius'] pubis, (Estrus [= Derwia/oftta] hominis, Pitlex Irritaiis, P. 
 [^=^ Sarcopsylla ] penetrans, Acanthia Icctidaria, Coiiorhinus sanguisiiga, and 
 Acarus l::^ tiarcoptes'] scahici; figures and habits of Reduvius [= Ojjsicatusi 
 personatus and of Pirates \_=^ Rasahus'] higuttatus; figure of Conorhinus san- 
 guisuga ; classificatory relations of Pedicttlina and MaUophaga. 
 
 498. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The coffee borer. <Amer. 
 
 . Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 88. 
 Unnamed coffee borer injurious to coffee trees in Madras. 
 
 499. [Walsh, B. D., and C.V. Riley.] Strawberry worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, pp. 89-91, figs. 75-76. 
 Description, natural history, ravages, means against, and figures of larva antl 
 imago of Anchijlopera [— Phoxo2)teris'} fragarice, n. sp. ; figures all stages 
 of Emphtjtus [_--= Harpiphorus'] maculatus; description of its larva and pupa, 
 its natural history, and means against its ravages. 
 
 500. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Fungoid growths. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, pp. 91-92. 
 Mention of instances of the growth of fungi on living plants and animals ; 
 letter of S. H. Y. Early on the occurronco of fungoid growths on the larvaj 
 of Lachnosterna /u8ca. 
 
 501. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V. Riley.] Phims for the million. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, pp. 92-93. 
 Means against Conotrackelus nenuphar; notes on varieties of plum exempt 
 from the attacks of the same. 
 
 502. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The "Colorado grasshopper." 
 
 <Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, pp. 95-96. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of W. N. Byers and V. Devinny; specific names indicat- 
 ing particular districts can not be changed because the insect is found in 
 other regions. 
 
64 BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 503. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Universal remedies. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 97. 
 Criticism of an advertisement of " Best's patent fruit tree and vine invig- 
 orator." 
 
 504. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Complimentary. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 98. 
 Notices of several notices of the American Entomologist. 
 
 505. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. EiLEY.] Paper-makers. <Amer.Ent., 
 
 January, 1869, v. 1, p. 98. 
 Comparison of the manufacture of paper by man and by the Vespida;. 
 
 506. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 January, 1869, v. 1, p. 98. 
 Notices of L'Insectologie agricole — Cecil's books of natural history. 
 
 507. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Look out for the eggs of the 
 
 apple-tree plant-louse. < Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 99. 
 Abundance of eggs of Aphis mall in winter of 1868-'69, in Missouri and Illi- 
 nois ; means against the same. 
 
 508. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Greenhouse plants [= pests]. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 99. 
 
 Means against Aphididce, Coccidw, and Tetranychus telarius. 
 
 509. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] How to hatch pupae. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 99. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. P. Smith ; methods of raising insects. 
 
 510. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Drugstore pests. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 99. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Good ; characters of larva of undertermined 
 ptinid; food-habits of Ptimis brunneus; food-habits, characters, and means 
 against Calandra oryzce and C, granaria. (See No. 551.) 
 
 511. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Apple-tree worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 99. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. J.Thomas; habits, food-planis, and means against 
 Phycita nebuJo {^^Acrohasis indiginella'\. 
 
 512. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Crane-fly larvae. Amer. Ent., 
 
 January, 1869, v. 1, p. 100. 
 Answer to inquiries of R. D. Alexander and — Hickman ; habits of Tipula sp. ; 
 food-habits of T. trivittata. 
 
 513. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Punctured grape canes. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 100. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. L. Kingsbury ; description of punctures in grape 
 canes probably caused by Orocharis saltator; means against tree-crickets. 
 
 514. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Insects to be named. <Amer. 
 - Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. R. Marine ; identification of several insects found 
 in apple and peach nurseries. 
 
 515. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Supposed cause of yellows in 
 
 peach trees. <Amer. Ent., January, 1869, v. 1, p. 100, fig. 77. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. Roberts ; yellows of peach-trees a vegetable dis- 
 ease ; figure of healthy and diseased limb ; aflfected trees more subject to 
 the attacks of insects than healthy trees. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. (15 
 
 oKJ. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Eggs of katydid. <Amer. 
 Eiit., January, 1SG9, v. ], p. 100. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. A. Hilliard; ubaractcr of tho »'j,'i;s (if Plaiyphyllum 
 [= Cyrtophy tins'} concavus.' 
 
 517. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Apple-twig borer. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., January, 1800, v. 1, p. 100. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. T. Zimmerman ; r av ages of Jiosthchus [= Amphicerua] 
 bicaudatus. 
 
 518. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Galls and their architects. 
 
 <Amer. Eut, February, 1869, v. 1, pp. 101-110, tigs. 78-90. 
 Definition, classification, and variation of galls; accounts of some galls made 
 by Cynipidce, Cecidomyidiv, and Aphididte and of the gall-makers ; natural 
 history, descriptions, and figures of Cynipsl — Amphibolipsj q.-apongifica, C. 
 [= J.] q.inanis, C. [= J-l q.-prunus u. sp., Cecidomyia ti.-strobiloides, C. 
 s.-brassicoides, C. r.-pomum u. sp., C. v.-coryloides n. sp., remphirim vaga- 
 bundus, P. }7(ois and Colopha uhnieola; description of the imago of Cyuips 
 q.-prunus and of Pemphiyns ulmifusus n. sp., and of the larvjc of the new 
 species of Cecidomyia; dimorphism of gall-makers; presence of inquilines 
 and parasites in galls. (See No. 821.) 
 
 519. [Walsh, B. D., and C V. Riley'.J The bogus Colorado potato- 
 
 bug, Doryphorajuncta, Germar. <Amer. Eut., February, 1869, 
 V. 1, p. 110. 
 Food-habits of D. juncta. 
 
 520. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ants and aphides. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 110. 
 
 Inquiry of W. Batchelor, with answer ; secretion of honey-dew by Aphididcit 
 and harvesting of the same by ants. 
 
 521. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J The Tarantula of Texas, My- 
 
 gale hentzii^ Girard. <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 11, 
 fig. 91. 
 Figure of Jlygale hentzii: habits of Pompilus [^Pepsis] formosa', quotes 
 from G. Linoecum's "The Tarantula killers of Texas" (Amer. Nat,, v. 1, 
 pp. 137-141). 
 
 522. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J The melancholy chafer. 
 
 <Aiuer. Ent., February, 1809, v. 1, p. 111. 
 Ravages and figure of the imago of Euphoria melanchoUva. 
 
 523. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Apple worms {Carpocapsa 
 
 pomojiella, Linn.). <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v.* I, pp. 112- 
 114, fig. 93. 
 Natural history, ravages, and means against Carpocapua pomonella ; figures 
 injured apple, larva, pupa, and imago. 
 
 524. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J The asparagus beetle (Crio- 
 
 ceris asparayi, Liuu.). <Amer. Eut., February, 1869, v. 1, pj). 
 114-115, fig. 94. 
 Introduction into the United States; natural history, ravages, parasites of, 
 and means against Crioceris aspaiagi; figure of eggs, larvu', and imago of 
 the same. 
 
 5 m'x 
 
Q6 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 525. [Walsh, B. D.,and C. V. Riley.] A popular delusion. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 18G9, v. 1, p. 116. 
 
 No insect passes through ;ill the stages of its growth within one day ; life his- 
 tory of Ephemeridw. 
 
 526. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Rile Y.J The squirrel bot. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 1809, v. 1, v. 117. 
 Comments on paper by S. S. Rathvon; emasculation of the striped squirrel 
 by Cuterebra buccata. 
 
 527. [Walsh, B. D., and G. V. Riley.] [Periodical Cicada.] <Amer. 
 
 Ent, February, 1869, v. 1, p. 117. 
 
 Comments on letter of R. H. Warder; oviposition of Cicada l=zTibicen'\ sep- 
 iendecim in evergreens. 
 
 528. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Transformations of insects. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 118. 
 Brief statement of the stages of growth of insects. 
 
 529. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Bo bees injure raspberries'? 
 
 <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 118. 
 Comments on discussion before New York Fruit Growers' Club as to the ef- 
 fects of bees on flowers and fruits. 
 
 530. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Best's fruit-tree invigorator 
 
 again. <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 119. 
 Notice of invention of a new " invigorator " bj^ B. Best. 
 
 531. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The insect extinguisher, by 
 
 Joseph Treat, X. J. <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 119. 
 
 Critical review of pamphlet by J. Treat. 
 
 532. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] More good words. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 119. 
 
 Notice of favorable notices of the American Entomologist. 
 
 533. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Lacewing fly. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 February, 1869, v. 1, p. 119. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Huggins ; characters of Chrysopa sp. ; its hibernation 
 as a pupa and imago. 
 
 534. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Gigantic water-bug. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 119. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. E. Munford; food-habits of Beloifioma grandia 
 [^^^ americanum]. 
 
 535. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The white-marked tussock 
 
 moth again. <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 120. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller ; mention of seven parasites attacking 
 Orgijia leucostigma. 
 
 536. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Grasshopper eggs— will they 
 
 hatch? <AmcT. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 120. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. J. Jones; frosts not likely to prevent the hatching 
 of the eggs of Caloptenus spretus. 
 
 537. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Injured apple-trees. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, p. 120. 
 
 Ansvrer to inquiry of G. C, Brot^dhe^dj moans against; Chri/soQqthris femorata. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC KMTCMOLOGY. 67 
 
 53«. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Kiley.] Bag worms. <Auier. Ent., 
 February, 1800, v. 1, p. 120. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Butterfield ; means against Thyridopleryx iphc 
 mera^formh. 
 
 539. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.j Eggs of tlie apple-tree plant- 
 
 louse. <Amer. Ent., February, 1869, v. 1, j). 120. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. W. Seaman ; eifect of fiosts upon the eggs and larvii- 
 of Aphis mali'. 
 
 540. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer Eut, 
 
 February, 1SG9, v. 1, p. 120. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Merwiu; identification of insects sent ; characters 
 of Vanessa antiopa and Cynthia ^^^ Fyi'ameis'] atalaitta. 
 
 541. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] White grubs. <A.mer. Ent., 
 
 February, 1869, v. 1, p. 120. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Holmes; undetermined white-grub injuring 
 grass and osage orange. 
 
 542. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] The polypbemus moth, Atta- 
 
 cus polyjihemus, Linn. <Amer. Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, pp. 
 121-122, fig. 95. 
 Attaeiis [=^ Telea'\ polyphemus, A. cynthia, and Bomiyx [^=Sericaria'\ mori as 
 silk-producers; food-plants, description of larva, habits, and seasons of ^. 
 1:= T.I jwlyphcmus; figure of the imago ; ravages of J. cecroj^ia; antenna; 
 mistaken for wings ; mention of Lepidoptera having fissured wings. 
 
 543. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.J Wasps and their habits. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, pp. 122-143, tigs. 96-112. 
 
 Structure, classification, and habits of North American predatory Hymenop- 
 tera ; comparative characters of the digger and true wasps ; figure to show 
 the folding of the wing in true wasps; habits and figures of imagos of 
 Chlorion cceruleum, Bembex fasciaia, Sphex ichneumonea, Ammophila pictipcn- 
 nis, Pepsis formosa, Sti-us grandis [^=SpheciHS speciosus'}, S. [=5.] speci- 
 08US, Pelopocus lunatHS \_=^ccmeniarim'}, Agenia bombydna, Tnjpoxylon albi- 
 tarse, Ceropales rujUuntris, Eumenes fraPrnus, Vespa maculata, and Polistes 
 rubiginosus: figure of imago of Cryjitus [=ii«ocera.s]j«HC("8 and of several 
 nests of wasps. (See No. 375.) 
 
 544. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Do toads eat worker bees! 
 
 <Amer. Eut., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 144. 
 Reprint and review of article by C. Dadant, and of commeuts of editors of 
 American Bee Journal ; usefulness of toads. 
 
 545. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Beat's invigorator once again. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 145. 
 Condemnation of B. Best's patent fruit tree and vine invigorator. 
 
 546. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 March, 1869, v. 1, p. 146. 
 Notices of Nos. I and 2 of Le Naturaliste Canadien. 
 
 547. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Sugar-tree borer. <AMier. 
 
 Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 146. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Simms; characters and inoaus agaiust Arhopulu« 
 l=Pla<jionotu8] speciosiia. 
 
68 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 548. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Swelliugs on apple scions. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 18G9, v. 1, p. 146. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Colwell ; dipterons galls on apple scions and bass- 
 wood twigs. 
 
 549. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Gas-waste vs. Curculio. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 18G9, v. 1, p. 147. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. ; merits of gas-waste as an insect destroyer. 
 
 550. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Eggs of the apple-tree plant- 
 
 louse again. <Amer. Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 147. 
 Answers to incjuiries of C. Williams and W. L. French ; means against Aj)his 
 mali. 
 
 551. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Drug-store pests. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 147. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Good ; food-habits of Lasiodeinna serricorne. See 
 No. 510. 
 
 552. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Small galls and minings on 
 
 apple-twigs. <Amer. Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 147. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of O. O. A. Gardner; characters of undetermined galls 
 and borings in twigs of apple-trees. 
 
 553. [Walsh, B. D.,aud C. V. Riley.] Stinking bugs. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 March, 1869, v. 1, p. 147. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. L. Janney; habits of an undescribed Brachyrhyn- 
 chus. 
 
 554. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Eggs in peach-twigs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 147. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Fisher; character of eggs of lEcantlius niveus. 
 
 555. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Flat-headed apple-tree borer. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 147. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Madge ; means against Clirysoioihris femorata. 
 
 556. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] A bundle of entomological 
 
 queries. <Amer. Ent., MarcU, 1869, v. 1, p. 148. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Butterfield ; mentions several desirable entomo- 
 logical books. 
 
 557. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Grape-berry moth. <Amer. 
 
 Ent, March, 1869, v. 1, p. 148. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. C. Read ; means against Penthina viiivorana [= Eu- 
 danis botrana']. 
 
 558. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Hairy caterpillar. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 148. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. S. Gold ; characters of the larva and imago of Arctia 
 \_^= Pyrrharctia'\ isabella. 
 
 559. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Borer in plum-twigs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., March, 1869, v. 1, p. 148. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Caldwell ; undetermined borer, allied to the oak. 
 jiruuer, in pliim-twigs. See No, 606, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 69 
 
 560. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Rtley.J lasects uaiuetl. <Amer. Ent., 
 'March, 18G9, v. 1, p. 148. 
 
 Answer to iiKiuiiy of W. W. Butterfield ; identitiuatioii of iusecta sent ; com- 
 parative clmractcrs of Arhopahis [--= Cyllene] phtiis and A. [^ C] robiniir; 
 variation in Clytuv 1=: Xeuclytus] caprwa ; generic character.sof JrAo]j(j/»<« 
 aud Clytus. (See No. 582. ) 
 
 5G1. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Pear-root borer. <Ainer. 
 Eut., March, 18C9, v. 1, p. 148. 
 Answer to inquiry of P. Earle ; larva of Prionnn laticoUis injurious to the 
 pear and grape. 
 
 562. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Rlley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 March, 1809, v. 1, p. 148. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. H. Boye; Gryllotalpa longipennis 1 = columbial a di- 
 morphic form of G. horealis. 
 
 563. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] The joint- worm {Lsosoma hordei 
 
 Harris). <Amer. Eut., April, 1809, v. 1, pp. 149-158, tigs. 113- 
 118. 
 Natural history, variation, parasites, ravages, aud means against Isonoma 
 hordei; unity of habits in insects; generic classidcatiou of the joint-worm 
 fly; figures male aud female imago ; figures <? and 9 imagos of SemiolcUits 
 chalcidiphngus n. sp., Eiirytoma sp., and Decatoma sp., and of 9 imago of 
 Antigaster \_^EupeImu8'\ mirabilis. 
 
 504. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] The wavy-striped flea-beetle. 
 {Raltica [Phyllotreta] striolata Illiger). <Amer. Eut., April, 
 1869, V. 1, pp. 158-159, fig. 119. 
 
 Description, habits, and ravages of Phyllotreta striolata \_=^vitlala']; figures 
 larva, pupa, aud imago of the same; quotes from H. Shimer's "The 
 wavy-striped flea-beetle" (Amer. Nat., December, l8Gd, v. 2, pp. 514- 
 517). 
 
 565. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Concerning certain smart bugs. 
 <Amer. Eut., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 100. 
 
 Preferences of Phylloxera ritifolia^ [ =vastatrix'\ and Macrodaciyhis subspi- 
 1108118 for certain varieties of grape-vines, of Doryphora 10-Unea1a and 
 Lema trilineata for certain varieties of potato-vines, au<l of Mylilaspis 
 pomicorticis {_=pomorum'\ and Carpocapsa pomoneUa for certain varieties of 
 apple. 
 
 606. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Curculio remedies. <Amer. 
 Eut., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 161. 
 Comments on essay of L. C. Francis on the plum ; coal oil not effective against 
 Conotrachelua nenuphar. 
 
 567. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] How great wits jump together. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 161. 
 Stopping holes with hard soap ineffective against borers. 
 
 568. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 April, 1869, v. 1, p. 165. 
 Notices of Harris's Insects injurious to Vegetation, L'lusectologie agricole, 
 and several other works not entomological. 
 
70 Bibliography of economic entomology. 
 
 569. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Eggs of the oblong-winged 
 
 katydid. <Amer. But., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 166, fig. 120. 
 Answer to inquiries of T. A. Thop, J. L. Rice, B. J. Campbell, H. Cheeney, 
 and A. McMoore; eggs of PhiiUopttra [_= Amblycorypha'\ oblongifolla com- 
 pared with those of Platyphyllum [_= Cyrtophyllus'] concavum ; figures of the 
 eggs of ^. ohlongifolia. 
 
 570. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Mossy rose gall. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 166. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. W. Collins ; characters of Rhodites rosce and its gall. 
 
 571. [Walsh, B. D,, and C. V. Eiley.] Caterpillars on lombardy 
 
 poplars. <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 166. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Gurley ; characters of larva, habits, food-plauts, 
 and parasites of Acronycta acericola [= americana^. 
 
 572. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Museum pests. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 April, 1S69, v. 1, p. 166, fig. 121. 
 Answer to inquiries of F. W. Hoit, jr., G. M, L., and J. Huggins ; figures 
 larva, pupa, and imago of Anthrenus sp. ; A. varius compared with A. muse- 
 orum. 
 
 573. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Cockroach eggs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 166. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Freeman ; character of the egg-cases and adult 
 o£ Platamodes nnicolor; occurrence of £cfo&ia jrermattica in Illinois; ravages 
 of species of Blattida. 
 
 574. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Apple-tree leaf-crumplers. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 166. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Jones ; result of the work of the larvfe of Phycita 
 nebulo \== Acrobasis indiginella'] on the growth of apple-trees. 
 
 575. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] A most precious bug. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 167. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. S. Holmes; characters and variety of Hyleccetus 
 lugubris ; destructiveness of Lymexylon navale ; use of the maxillary palpi 
 in the <? <? of Lymexylidce. 
 
 576. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Blackberry-cane borers. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 167. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Parry; characters and habits of larva of unnamed 
 borer [= Bembecia viarginata'] ; plants afifected by species of Mgeriadce. 
 
 577. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Eows of eggs in pear-twigs. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 167. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Freeman; characters of unknown eggs found in 
 pear-twigs. 
 
 578. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] An orchard giving out. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 168. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Clemens ; habits and means against Saperda 
 bivittaia [= candidal and Chrysoboihris femorata. 
 
 579. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Plant-louse eggs on apple 
 
 and mountain ash. <Amer. Ent., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 168. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Stewart; eggs of Ajjhis mali on apple-twigs and 
 probably on those of mountain ash; Aspidiotm harriaii [= Chionaspia fur- 
 funia'] infests both trees. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 71 
 
 580. [Walsh, B. D., ami C. V. Riley.] (iigantie rhinoceros beetle. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 1G8. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. G. Smith ; characters of Dynaxtc^ titijniH, 
 
 581. [Walsh, B. D., ami C. V. Kilky.] Bee queries. <Amer. Eut!, 
 
 April, 18G9, v. 1, p. 1G8. 
 Anawer to inquiry of W. R. Howard; Galleria cereana always injurious; a 
 new swarm composed of both old and new bees. 
 
 582. [Walsh, B. D., ami C. V. Riley.] lusects uaiued. <Araer. Ent., 
 
 April, 18G9, v. 1, p. 1G8. 
 Answer to inquiry of \V. W. Butterfield ; characters of Chjtus \_^iNeochjtu8] 
 caprwa. (See No. 560.) 
 
 583. [Walsh, B. D., aud 0. V. Riley.] Elm-tree borer. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 April, 18G9, v. 1, p. 168. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Gregory ; Saperda lateralis and Dryobius sexfasci- 
 atus attack the elm in the larva state. (See No. u96.) 
 
 584. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.) The chinch-bug {Microjms 
 
 leucopterus Say). <Auier. Ent., 1869, v. 1, May, pp. 169-177, 
 fig. 122 ; June, pp. 194-199, figs. 135-139. Reprint: <2d Ann. 
 Rei)t. State Ent, Mo., March, 1870, pp. 15-37, figs. 1-10. 
 See No. 1127 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 585. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] The grape-berry moth {Fen- 
 
 tliina vitivorana, Packard). <Amer. Ent., May, 18G9, v. 1, pp. 
 177-179, figs. 123-125. 
 Natural history, ravages, and means against Penthina vitivorana [^Eudemia 
 hotrana} ; figures, larva, pupa, cocoon, imago, and injured grape. 
 
 586. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Poisonous flour. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 179. 
 Application of the term weevil ; vesicatory properties of Sitojyhilus [= Calan- 
 dra'\ granaria] poisonous nature of flour made from wheat iufested by 
 these insects. 
 
 587. [ Walsh, B.D., and C.Y.Riley.] Mounding i)each-trees. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, pp. 180-181, fig. 12G. 
 Mounding as a means against Sannina exitioaa ; figures,? and 9 of the same. 
 
 588. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Going it blind. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1869, v. 1, pp. 182-183. ' 
 Remarks on the failure of persons to observe correctly. 
 
 589. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Another new Curculio hum- 
 
 bug. <Amer. Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 183. 
 Extract from " agricultural paper," with, comments on proposed weans against 
 Coitotrachehis nenuphar. 
 
 590. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Rear horses vs. grasshoppers. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 184, figs. 127-128. 
 Vernacular names of Mantia [= Phaxmomaniis] varolina ; its uscfuluess; fig- 
 ures of eggs aud ^ and 9 imago. 
 
 591. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ai)ple tree plant-lice. [Aphis 
 
 mall, Linn.) . <Amer. Ent., May, 1S69, v. 1, p. 184. 
 Abundauee of Aphis mali in several localities ; its comparative haruilessness ; 
 means against it. 
 
72 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 592. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Crack-jaw names. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 184. 
 Coiiibiuation of vernacular and technical names for the accommodation of 
 different classes of readers. 
 
 593. [Walsh, B, D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Send plenty of specimens. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 185. 
 
 Eeasous why several specimens of insects should be sent for examination. 
 
 594. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.J White-grub fungus. <Amer. 
 
 Eat., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 186, fig. 129. 
 Answer to inquiries of J. Smith and of T. J. Freeman ; larva of Lachnosterna 
 fusca infested with Cordyceps ravenelii ; figure of infested larva. 
 
 595. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] " Buck fly." <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1869, v. 1, p. 186. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Copley ; characters of larva and imago of Satur- 
 nia [^ Hemileucal viaia ; food-plants of the larva. 
 
 596. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Swarms of minute flies in 
 
 rooms. <Amer. Eut., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 186. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. S. Rathvon ; habitat of larva of Sciara sp. 
 
 5S7. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Worms in osage orange seed. 
 <Amer. Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 186. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Plant; habits of the larva ot an undetermined dip- 
 teron found among osage orange seed. 
 
 598. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. Y. EiLEY.j Insects to be named. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 186. 
 Answer to inquiry of X. Q. Z. ; value of names to a collection of insects. 
 
 599. [Walsh, 5. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] The spotted ladybird. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v, 1, p. 186, fig. 130. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. Seevers ; value of Hippodamia [= Megilla'\ maculata 
 as a destroyer of noxious insects ; figure of the same. 
 
 600. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. Y. Kiley.] Eggs of the white-marked 
 
 tussock moth. <Amer. Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 186. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. G. Knight ; characters of eggs of Orgyia lencostigma. 
 
 601. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Owl's pellets. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1869, v. 1, p. 187. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. G. ; presence of injurious insects in the pellets 
 disgorged by owls [= hawks]. See No. 643. 
 
 602. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Crab-apple borers. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 187. 
 Auswer to inquiry of J. Huggins ; characters of undetermined lepidopterous 
 borer infesting cra"b-apple trees. 
 
 603. [WAI.SH, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.J Mosquitoes. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1869, v. 1, p. 187. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. M. Abbott; life-habits of CuUdda; benefits derived 
 from the same. 
 
 604. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Large silken cocoon. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 187. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Butterfield; food-habits of Attacus prometliea. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 73 
 
 605. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Bugs iu alcohol. <Amer. 
 Eiit., May, 18(i9, v. 1, p. 187. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. P. Smith ; alcohol as a means of proservin>j iiisocts. 
 
 GOG. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Borer in plum-twig. <Auier. 
 Eut., May, ISGD, v. 1, p. 187. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Colwell; Elaphidion parallelum [_'=vUloniiin] bn-d 
 from plum-twigs; it does not prune the twig. See No. ^W. 
 
 (;07. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Eggs of cutworm moth. 
 <Auier. Eut., May, 18G9, v. 1, p. 188, fig. 131. 
 
 Answer to inquiries oi" G. Pauls, T. A. Thorp, and E. S. Foster; characters 
 aud figure of eggs of Agrotia inermx8\^=L8aucia']', characters and habits of 
 the larva. 
 
 G08. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Snow fleas. <Anier. Eut., 
 May, 18G9, v. 1, p. 188. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. H. G. Bradt; habits aud food of Podiira [= Jc7(- 
 orutes'] nivicola. 
 
 GOn. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Fuzzy galls on blackberry- 
 twigs. <Anier. Eut., May, 18G9, v. 1, p. 188. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Huggins; characters of Diaatrophus cuaeutceformia 
 and its gall. 
 
 010. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Pithy galls on blackberry- 
 twigs. <Amer. Ent., May, 1809, v, 1, p. 188. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon ; characters of the gall made by iJiastro- 
 phua nebuloaus. 
 
 611. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Moth eggs. <Amer. jpnt.. 
 
 May, 1869, v. 1, p. 188. 
 Answer to inquiries of A. M. Shute aud of J. Huggins; characters f the oggs 
 of an undetermined moth. 
 
 612. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V^. Riley.] Horse-hair snakes. <Araer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1869, v. 1, p. 188. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. M. Abbott ; characters and habitats of Gordiacwa. 
 
 613. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley'.] Imitative butterflies. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, pp. 189-193, figs. 132-134. 
 Immunity of Danaidcv from and liability of rieridw to the attacks of preda- 
 tory animals; mimicry of Danaidw by Pieridw and of Danaia archippus by 
 Limeniiia diaippus ; hibernating habits aud description of tlie larva of the 
 latter, with figures of its larva, chrysalis, imago, and hibernaculum; figure 
 of Danaia arckippua; theory of the origin of mimicry. 
 
 014. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Cabbage-worms upon gilly- 
 flowers. <Amer. Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 199. 
 Habits and food-plants, seasons, and synonyms of Phitdla criici/trarum. 
 
 615. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] "Wasps and their habits." 
 <Amer. Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 200. 
 Comments on letter of S. S. Rathvou; species having essentially different 
 habits though externally indistinguishable should be considered specific- 
 ally distinct. 
 016. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The tsocial wasps. <Amer. 
 Ent, June, 1809, v. 1, p. 201. 
 Comments on paper by D. A. A. Nichols ; habits of Feapa crahro. 
 
74 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 617. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V.EiLEY.] Mounding peach-trees. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., June, 1869, v. 1, pp. 201-202. 
 Comments on letter of R. L. Wells ; success of tlie moundiug system agaiust 
 u3Sgeria {_=Sanni)ia'\ exiiiosa. 
 
 618. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Out of evil there cometh good. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 202. 
 
 Probable abundance of the fruit crop in southern Illinois and in Missouri in 
 1869 due to the pruning of the trees by Tibicen septendecim in 18G8. 
 
 619. [ Walsh, B.D., and C.V.RiLEY.J The periodical Cicada. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 202. 
 Extract from No. 474 ; request for information of the appearance of Cicada 
 [= Tibicen'] septendecim in any part of the United States in 1869. 
 
 620. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] The Curculio scarcer than last 
 
 year. < Amer. Ent., June, 1869, v. 1 , p. 202. 
 
 Extract from letter of A. M. Brown ; comparative scarcity of Conotrachelus 
 nenuphar in 1869. 
 
 621. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] The American Entomological 
 
 Society. <Amer. Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 203. 
 
 Notice of the formation, publications, aims, and needs of the American Ento- 
 mological Society ; proposition for the raising of a fund for the supjiort of 
 the society. 
 
 622. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Remarkable peculiarity in the 
 
 insect world. <Amer. Etit., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 204. 
 Insects contrasted with animals of other groups ; as a rule they produce but 
 • one brood of offspring in the course of their lives. 
 
 623. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1869, v. 1, pp. 204-205. 
 
 Notices of : Tlie Harris correspondence ; The butterflies of North America, by 
 W. H. Edwards; Guide to the study of insects, by A. S. Packard, jr. 
 
 624. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Cannibal mites. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1869, v. 1, p. 205. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. S. Davis; Tromhidium sp. found preying on grass- 
 hopper eggs. 
 
 625. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Gnats. <Amer. Ent., June, 
 
 1S69, V. 1, p. 205. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. O. Hiskey ; distinctive characters of Culex and Chi- 
 ronomus; appearance of "clouds" of Chironomus. 
 
 626. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Cut-worms severing cabbage 
 
 plauts. <Amer. Ent, June, 1869, v. 1, p. 205. 
 Answer to inquiry of N. C. Burch ; characters of tbe larva of Agrotis telifera 
 [= ypsilon']. 
 
 627. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Beetle named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1869, v. 1, p. 205. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Shaffer ; Anisodactylus haltimorensis flying in great 
 numbers at Fairfield, Iowa. 
 
 628. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Tiger beetles. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1869, v. 1, p. 205. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Shaffer; habitat of Cicindela vulgaris. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 75 
 
 029. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Cocoons and chrysalids 
 
 named. <Atner. Eiit., June. 18G9, v. 1, p. 200. 
 
 Answer to iuquiry of A. S. Fuller; characters of larva aud imago of Cerato- 
 campa [= Vithfronia'\ regalis; food-plants of its larva; characters of the 
 cocoons of Attacus promethea, A. cecropia, A. [= Teha] imlyphemuH. luuX of 
 Thyridop teryx ephem eraformia. 
 
 030. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] White lined morning Sphinx. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Blanchard; characters, transformations, habits, and 
 distribution of Deilephila lineata; food-plants of its larva. 
 
 031. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Butterfield; identification of insects sent ; dif- 
 ferences between the spring and autumn broods of Drasieria erechtea. 
 
 032. [Walsh, B. D.. and C. V. Riley.] Peach-twig borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200, fig. 140. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Muir ; characters, habits, and figure of the larva of 
 Gortyna nitela. 
 
 033. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The apple-twig borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200, fig. 141. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Hinckley ; habits, sexual differences, and figure of 
 Bostrichus [^= Amphicerus ] bicaudatus. 
 
 034. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Apple-tree borers on south 
 
 side of trees. <Amer. Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200. 
 
 * Answer to inquiry of J. F. Wielandy; preference shown for the south and 
 
 southwest sides of trees by the larva of Chrysobothris femorata. 
 
 035. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Cocoons of the Cecropia moth. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon ; comparison between the cocoons of 
 Telea polyphemua aud Attacus cecropia. 
 
 030. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Flea-beetles. • <Amer. Ent., 
 June, 1809, v. 1, p. 200. 
 Answer to iuquiry of F. Hecker; characters of an undescribed Longitaraua 
 infesting wheat fields. 
 
 037. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Strawberry bugs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 207. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Pearson ; characters, ravages, and means against 
 Corimelcena pitUcaria. 
 
 038. [Walsh, B. I)., aud C. V. Riley.] Eggs on apple-trees. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 207, fig. 142. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Conipton; characters of eggs of Sinea diadema; 
 figure of the imago ; its value as a destroyer of canker-worms, 
 
 039. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Lady-bird larvae. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1809, v. 1, p. 207, fig. 143. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. S. Foster ; characters of the larva of Hippodamia con- 
 rergens ; figures its larva, pupa, and imago ; usefulness of Coccinellidw. 
 
76 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 640. [WlLSH, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Wbite-grub fungus, again. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 207, fig. 144. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Holmes; figures larva of Lachnosterna fusca at- 
 tacked by Cordyceps ravenelii. 
 
 641. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Bag-worms. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1869, v. 1, p. 207. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Parry; means against Thyridoptei-yx ephemerceformls. 
 
 642. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Tent-caterpillar. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 208, fig. 145. 
 Auswer to inquiry of S. Blanchard ; characters of the imago and figures of 
 the early stages of Clisiocampa americana ; means against the same. 
 
 643. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Hawk's pellets. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 208. . 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. G. ; insectivorous habits of Buteo pennsylvanicus. 
 See No. 601. 
 
 614. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V.Riley.] Plant lice on berberry. <Amer. 
 Eut., June, 1869, v. 1, p. 208. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. R. Preston; means against A2)hididai. 
 
 645. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Tent-caterpillar of the forest. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., June, 1869, v, 1, p. 208, fig. 146. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Whitcomb; characters, habits, jiarasites, means 
 against, and figure of larva of CMsiocampa sylvalica [= dis^tria']. 
 
 646. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Cotton insects. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 July, 1869, V. i, pp. 209-214, fig. 147-151. 
 
 Descriptions and figures of all stages of Aletia xylina and of Heliothis a7-mi- 
 gera; habits, seasons, ravages, food-plants of, and means against the same; 
 figures larva of Clisiocampa sylvatica {^^^dissiria]. 
 
 647. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The true Army-worm {Leucania 
 
 unipuncta Haworth). <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, pp. 214- 
 217, fig. 152-155. 
 
 Descriptions and figures of larva, pupa, and imago of Leucania unipuncta ; 
 seasons, ravages, and enemies of the same; figure of Exorista militaris 
 [= iVerftorcBtt leucanioi']. 
 
 648. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Belated individuals of the 
 
 I)eriodical Cicada. <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 217. 
 
 Occurrence of scattering individuals of Tibicen stptendecim in years before or 
 after their regular period. 
 
 649. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Is the Curculio scarcer than 
 
 it was last year? <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, pp. 217, 218. 
 Record of observations to prove the comparative scarcity of Conotraclielus 
 nemipliar during I8G9. 
 
 650. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] To destroy Colorado potato 
 
 bugs. <Amer. Eut, July, 1869, v. 1, p. 219. 
 Reprint of communication of G. Liddle, with comments; Paris green as a 
 means against Doryphora 10 lineata. 
 
 651. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Dr. Hull's Curculio catcher. 
 
 <Amer. Ent, June, 1869, v. 1, pp. 220-221, fig. 156. 
 Description and figure of Hull's Curculio-catcher. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC KNTOMOLOGY. 77 
 
 C52. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The Kew York wee\'il {I thy- 
 ccrns novcboracensis, Forster). <Anier. Kiit., July, ISGD, v. I, 
 pp. 2131-222, fig. 157. 
 Habits, iood-plaiits, distributiou, description, and figure of larva and imago 
 of Itliycenis novcboracensis ; luoaoH against tiio same. 
 
 653. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Mounding peach-trees again. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 18G9, v. 1, p. 223. 
 Letter of A. Dean, with coniJients; charactirs aud habitat of Mycetophila 
 persica'. 
 
 654. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Overcrowded. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 223. 
 Duties of a State entomologist ; impossibility of answering inqiiiries received 
 during the past month. 
 
 655. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] No airholes needed in send- 
 
 ing insects. <Amer. Eat., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 223. 
 
 Directions for sending living insects. 
 
 656. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Plum-leaf worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1809, v. 1, p. 223. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. D. Iliskey; characters of larva of Lyda sp. 
 
 657. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Seed-corn maggot. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869. v. 1, p. 224, figs. 138-139. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Pauls; characters, ravages, means against, aud figure 
 of larva of Anthomyia zeas; characters of the imago; figure of the pu- 
 parium. 
 
 658. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Cut-worms. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 224. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of N. C. Birch; ravages of Agrofis teUfcra [_= ijpsilon]. 
 
 659. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] New York weevil. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1. p. 224. 
 Answer to inquiries of D. H. Kauffmau aud of W. D. Turrill; ravages of 
 Ithyccrua noveboraceiisix. 
 
 660. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects around peach-trees. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brodhead ; larvie of Asilus sp. aud of Mycetophila 
 pcrsiccc found arouud roots of peach-trees. 
 
 661. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Large green worm in a peach. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1809, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Wilgus; characters and food-habits of an unde- 
 termiued larva found iu a peach. 
 
 662. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ichneumon liies. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1809, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Kliuehaus ; characters atul figure of cocoons of Mi- 
 crogaslcr sp. 
 
 603. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Raspberry worms. <Amer. 
 Ent., July, 1809, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Auswcr to inquiry of B. Bordenj characters and ravages of ^dan^ria \ =ilQ' 
 jiophadnus'} rub}, 
 
78 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 6G4. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V". Riley.] Hairy grape-leaf folders. 
 <Ainer. Eut., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to iuquiry of A. C. Davis ; characters of larva aud imago of Piero- 
 2)horus [= Oxyptilusi periscelidactylus. 
 
 665. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Row of eggs in maple-twigs. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Bovver; characters of eggs of undetermined katydid. 
 
 666. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Butterfly named. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. R. Bodley; characters of Papilio marccllus; food- 
 plants of its larva. 
 
 667. [WALSfl, B. D,, and C. V. Riley.] Grasshopper s eggs. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 224. 
 Answer to iuquiry of E. P. Burlingame; characters of the eggs of an unde- 
 termined grasshopper aud of the imago of CEdipoda 1=^ Dissosteria] Carolina. 
 
 668. [Walsh, B.D., and C. V. Riley.] Asilus fly larvae. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 225, figs. 161-162. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Pauls; characters, habits, and figure of larva of 
 Asilus sp. ; food-habits of larva aud imago of A. sericeus ; figure of the 
 imago of the same; Trupanea [= Promachus] apivorus as a destroyer of bees. 
 
 669. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] New insect-foe of the black- 
 
 berry. <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 225. 
 Answer to iuquiry of C. Parry; comparative characters of Apliididce and 
 Psyllida", habits of Psylla rabi [= Trio:a tripiuictata']. 
 
 670. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley, j Array- worm. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 225. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Butts; ravages and food-jjlauts of Leucania uni- 
 puncta. 
 
 671. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Green grape-vine worm. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 225, fig. 163. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Pauls ; characters, food-plants, and figure of larva 
 of PyropMla pyrainidoides. 
 
 672. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Rose slug. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 225. 
 Answer to inquiries of G. W. Copley and B. S. Morris ; characters, ravages, 
 aud means against Selandria [=. Monostegia'l rosce. 
 
 673. [Walsh, B, D., and C. V. Riley.1 lusects named. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 225. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Weed ; food-habits of Leptostylus acuUferus and of 
 Podabrus modestus. 
 
 674. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Chrysalis of the virgin tiger 
 
 motn. <Amer. Ent, July, 1869, v. 1, p. 225. 
 Answer to iuquiry of C. Malliuckrodt; characters of Arciia virgo ; supposed 
 food-plants of its larva. 
 
 675. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Clover- worms. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 July, 1869, v. 1, p. 226, fig. 164. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. P. Flanders ; characters of Asopia costaUs ; habits of 
 its lavs'a: figures larva, pujja, cocooa, and imago. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 71) 
 
 07«. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.J Raspberry brand. <AnHM. 
 Ent., July, 18G9, v, 1, p. 22G. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. BeecliM- ; larvadCsiiiall jiiuil Ircdin;; on rasplifiTy- 
 hrand. 
 
 Gil. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Rose worms. <Amer. Eut., 
 July, 18G9, V. 1, p. 226. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. S. Grover; character, ravages, food-plants, and 
 means against Heliothis margidens \_= I'l/rrhia exprimeuH]. 
 
 678. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Plum-tree plant-lice. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 226, figs. 165-167. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon; characters of Aphis prunifolia' and A. 
 [ = Mij2U8'\ cerasi; ravages, enemies, and means against Jphidida", figures 
 larva of coccinellid, syrphid and hemcrobi '. 
 
 679. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Iclineumou-flies. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 226. 
 Answer to inquiries of S. J. Throp and J. E. Trabue; lilehabits of Micro- 
 gaster sp. f 
 
 680. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] A new Curculio humbug. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 226. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. P. Flanders; uselessnessof a patent lamp for destroy- 
 ing Conotrachelus nenuphar. 
 
 681. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V.RiLEY.] Sweet- potato beetles. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiries of Subscriber and A. E. Trabue; food-habits and charac- 
 ters of larva and imago of Coptocyda aiirichahea and of C. [=^ C<i8si<fa] 
 birittata. 
 
 682. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] Injured strawberry and grape- 
 
 vines. <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. P. Pierson; ravages of Capsus uhrnieatux [=: Lygim 
 pratensis']. 
 
 683. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Plum-tree insects. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Waters ; characters of Bibio albipennis ; food-habits 
 of its larva. 
 
 684. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Apple-tree bugs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. L. Youse; character of Brochymena aunulata. 
 
 685. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Hickory-stem gall-louse. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Long; characters of galls of I'hyllorera caiyw- 
 cattlis ; food-habits of Thrips. 
 
 686. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V.Riley. J Grape-vine leaf-hopper. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. M. Copelaud ; means against Tettigonia 1= Typhlo- 
 cyba'] vitis. 
 
 687. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Twelve-spotted Diabrotica. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227, fig. 168. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of E. S. Foster and R. D. Park.T ; characters and meuua 
 against Diabrotica Vi-punctata; figure of the sauic, 
 
80 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 G88. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The caterpillar of the forest. 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. McKenzie ; food-habits and means against CUsio- 
 campa sylvatica [^^disstria']. 
 
 689. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Strawberry destroyer. <Amer. 
 Ent., July, 18G9, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Copley ; habits of unknown strawberry destroyer. 
 
 G90. [Walsh, B. D., and (J. V. Eiley.] Eggs of bugs on strawberry. 
 <Aiuer. Ent., July, 1809, v. 1, p. 227. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller; characters of eggs of unknown reduvid 
 attacked by parasites. 
 
 691. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Eiley.] Frog-spittle insects. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. Eeprint: <Cultivator and 
 Country Gentleman, 29 July, 1869, v. 34, p. 82. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Hartwell ; habits, characters, and injuries of 
 Aphrophora quadravgularis. 
 
 692. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Eggs of ground-beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. J. Ayres ; characters of eggs of undetermined ground- 
 beetle found under bark of pear-twigs. 
 
 693. [VTalsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] New insect-foe of the potato. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to inquiry of I. Hicks; food-habits of Casaida [= Coptocyclal clavata. 
 
 694. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Tomato-stalk borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. 
 Auswi r to inquiry of E. J. Ayres ; Gortyna nitela injurious to toipato-stalks. 
 
 695. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Eiley.] Breeding cages. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. S. Redney ; description of cage for breeding insects. 
 
 696. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Elm-tree borer. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Gregory ; characters and food-habits of Phy- 
 socnemum breviUncum. See No. 583. 
 
 697. [Walsh, B. 13., and C. V. Eiley.] Peach-twig borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Fisher; means against undetermined lepidopterous 
 borer in twigs of peach. 
 
 698. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Eggs of periodical Cicada in 
 
 savin-twig. <Amer. Ent., July 18o9, v. 1, p. 228. 
 
 Auswer to inquiry of J. A. Greasou ; Tihicen seplendecim ovipositing in twigs 
 of Junipei'us saiina, 
 
 699. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Elm-tree saw-fly. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1869, v. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. R. Whitney ; characters of larva and imago of Cim- 
 hex laporiei [=rtnie>-ica>ia] ; food-plants of its larva. 
 
 700. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Snout-beetle. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1869, V. 1, p. 228. 
 Answer to iuquirjf of H. Kleiuhaus; supposed ioQ^-la^hMa of ByloUm con- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 81 
 
 701. [Walsh, B. 1)., and C. V. Riley. J The close of the first volume. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., Aufjust, ISO!), v. 1, p. L'LM). 
 Prospectus of the second volume of the Jincrican Entomologist. 
 
 702. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] The Royal horned caterpillar. 
 
 {Geratocampa {Citheronia) regalia, Fabr.). <Amer. Ent., Au- 
 gust, 1869, V. 1, pp. 230-231, pi. 1. 
 Habits, seasous, sexual characters, food-plants, and vernacular names of 
 Citheronia regalis; descriptions and Hgures of larva and pupa; ligure of 
 larva, pupa, and imago. 
 
 703. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Comparative scarcity of the 
 
 Curculio again. <Amer. Ent., August, 18G9, v. 1, p. 241. 
 Observations on the comparative abundance of Conotrachelua nenuphar during 
 the early, summer of 1869. 
 
 704. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] A possible cause of the bee 
 
 disease. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, pp. 241-242. 
 
 Reprint of article by P. H. Philbrook (Amer. Bee Journal, May, ld69), with 
 comments ; dipterous enemies of the honey-bee. 
 
 705. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Ash and mountain ash. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, pp. 243-244. 
 Criticisms of paper of H. Shimer (Trans. 111. State Hortic. Soc, 1868). 
 
 706. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] How the Curculio flies by 
 
 night. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 244. 
 Extract from lecture by I. P. Trimble, with comment. 
 
 707. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The periodical Cicada; our 
 
 ftrst brood established. < Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 244. 
 Appearance in Connecticut of a brood of Tihictn septtndecim in 1869. 
 
 708. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Be on the guard. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 244. 
 Need of care in the transportation of living insects ; accidental introduction 
 of Doryphora lO-lineala. 
 
 709. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Prophecy fulfilled. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 244. 
 Spread of Doryphora 10-lineata through Michigan. 
 
 710. [Waxsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] A poisonous worm. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 245. 
 Extract from exchange ; larva of Protoparce celeus not poisonous. 
 
 711. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Wheat midge, alias milk 
 
 weevil, alias red weevil. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 
 245. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Corbit ; characters of larva of Cecidomyia 1= Di- 
 ploais'] tritid; change in heads of wheat. 
 
 712. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Large fish-fly. < Amer. Ent, 
 
 August, 1869, v. 1, p. 245. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. R. McCutchen ; characters of ChauUodes pectini- 
 
 cornis ; habits of the larva of C. rastricornis. 
 6 ENT 
 
82 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 713. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Rile Y.J Cottouwood leaf-galls. < A.mer. 
 
 Eut, August, 1869, v. 1, p. 245. 
 Auswer to inquiry of J. B. Taylor; habits of Pemphujus popuUcaiiUs \ char- 
 acters of its galL 
 
 714. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley^j Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 215. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. G. Goodrich ; characters of Saperda bivittata [^ Can- 
 dida']. 
 
 715. [Walsh, B. D,, and C. V. Riley.] Four-lined leaf-bug on currant. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. B. Bateman ; characters, habits, and means against 
 Capsus 4-vittatu8 [= Poecilocapsus lineatus']. 
 
 716. [Walsh, B. D,, and C. V. Riley.J Bee moth. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 246, fig. 182. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Blanchard ; ravages and means against Galleria ce- 
 reana ; figures larva, pupa, cocoon, and imago of the same. 
 
 717. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley,] Canker-worm parasites. 
 
 <Amer. Ent,, August, 1869, v, 1, p, 246, 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Petit; mention of Microgaster sp., parasitic on Ani- 
 sopteryx. 
 
 718. [Walsh, B, D,, and C. V. Riley.] Beetles swarming about the 
 
 lawn. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Thoinpsou ; characters of Gymnetis [= JtiZorAina] 
 nitida ; habits of its larva. 
 
 719. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Tiger-beetle larva. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. J. Dodge ; characters and habits of larva of Cicindel- 
 idce. 
 
 720. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Large compound gall on grape- 
 
 vine. <Amer. Eut., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 247, fig. 183. 
 Answer to inquiries of A. S. Fuller and D. W. Kauffman ; characters and 
 figure of gall of Lasioptera vitis ; habits of its larva ; enemy and parasite 
 of the same. 
 
 721. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. < Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 247. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. Treat ; habits of larva of TemnochUa [= Trogosita] 
 virescens, of Aplodes [= Synchlora'] rubivora, and of Calosoma calidum. 
 
 722. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] Destructive larvai. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 247. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Lee ; ravnges of an undetermined larva ; para- 
 sites of Saturnia [= Hcmileuca'] viaia. 
 
 723. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Eggs of tree-cricket on grape- 
 
 vine. <Amer. Ent., August. 1869, v. 1, p. 247. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Lee; characters of eggs of (Ecanthus niveus; car- 
 nivorous habits of the larva of the same. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 83 
 
 724. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Grape-vine leaf-gall. <Amer. 
 
 Ent , August, 18G9, v. 1, p. 2iS, tig. 184. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. A. Hilliard ; characters and figure of tlie leuf-gallH 
 of Phylloxera vUifoVnv [— rastafnx]; its enemies and means against them; 
 varieties of grape infested ; identity of the leaf- ami n.ot-galls; criticism 
 of the new genera and families of H. Shinier. 
 
 725. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.J Grape-vine insects. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 18G9, v. 1, p. 248. 
 Answer to in(iuiry of G. Pauls; characters of Pelidnota punctata; its larval 
 habits; characters, habits, and food-plants oi Enchophijllum \_ = EnchcHopa'\ 
 binotata. 
 
 726. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Museum pests. < Anier. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 248. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. P. Faulkner ; ravages of Dermestex lardarius. 
 
 727. [Walsh, B.D., and C.\^. Riley.] Wheat maggots. <Amer.Ent., 
 
 August, 1809, V. 1, p. 248. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. K. Faulkner ; characters of larva of Aferomyza ameri- 
 cana injurious to heads of wheat. 
 
 728. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Parasites on "hateful grass- 
 
 hopper." <Aiuer. Ent., August, 1809, v. 1, p. 249. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. K. Faulkner; characters and habits of Jstoma 
 [^ TrombidiuinJ locustarum. 
 
 729. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V.Riley.] Crippled moths. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 248. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. P. Faulkner; conditions needed to enable moths to 
 expand their wings ; means by which insects walk on smooth surfaces. 
 
 730. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects on the oleander. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 249, tig. 185. , 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon ; means against undetermined Coccid 
 on oleander; habits and figure of Chilocorn8 bivulnerus. 
 
 731. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects found on apple-trees. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 249. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. W. Waters; identification of the eggs of lieduviua 
 raptatorius l=^Sinea diadevia'] ; habits of Chilocorus bivulnerun. 
 
 732. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Beetles named. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 249. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Shafter ; Lytta atrata {j^ Epicauta pennnylranira] 
 caught on rag- weed. 
 
 733. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Gigantic water-bug. < Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 249, tig. 186. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. M. Downing ; habits and figure of Beloatoma ijrandM 
 [^= americanum'\, 
 
 734. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.J Worm eating into green to- 
 
 matoes. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 249. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. L. Hall; food-habits of Gortyna iiitela. 
 
84 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 735. rWALSH, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Miscellaneous. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 249. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Copley ; food-habits of Chnjsochits auratus, Semi- 
 leuca maia, and Apliin \^^^Myzus'] ribis; habits of Lozotcenia 1= Caccecia'] 
 rosaceana. 
 
 736. [Walsh, B. D., and C, V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 250. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. A. Muuger ; food-habits of Cassida pallida [= Co2>- 
 tocycla aurichalcea], Lytta murina \^^ Macrobasis uni€olor'\, and of the larva 
 of the species' of Prionus. 
 
 737. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Lightning-hoppers. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 250. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon; characters and habits of Poeeiloptera 
 pruinosa ; vernacular names of Fulgoridce, Membracida;, and Jassidw. 
 
 738. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y, Eiley.] Bag-worms. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 250. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of T. W. Gordon and S. Thompson ; food-habits of Thy- 
 ridopteryx ephemerceformis. 
 
 739. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Woolly gall on white oak. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 250, fig. 187. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller ; characters and figure of the gall of Cynips 
 [= AitdricKs'] seminator. 
 
 740. [WiLSH, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Cabbage peats. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 250. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. A. Williams ; characters and habits of an unde- 
 termined elaterid larva ; means against the larvse of ElateridcB. 
 
 741. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. EILEY^] Bugs gathering on pear shoots. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 250. 
 Afiswer to inquiry of E. J. Ayres ; characters and habits of Corimehena puli- 
 caria. 
 
 742. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Potato-bug. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 250. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Cart-well ; food-habits of Cmsida [= CoptocycW] 
 clavata. 
 
 743. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. T. Birch; Trochilium [_=^^geria'] acerni bred from 
 maple. 
 
 744. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] Apple-tree worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Waters; abundance of undetermined moth {Corycia 
 vestaliata?) ; larva of the same on apple-trees. 
 
 745. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. Y. Eiley.] Oak-fig gall. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Fendler; characters of the gall of Cynips [_= Bio- 
 rhizal forticornis and of a guest-lly, Ceroptres ficus, inhabiting the same. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OK ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 85 
 
 740. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley. J lusccts uamod. <Amer. Ent, 
 August, 1860, V. 1, p. 251. 
 Auswer to inquiry of D. L. Pliarcs; irrej^iilar apitoaranec of Cicada tredecim 
 l—Tihicen septeudeciin'] ; food-habits of Oncidenn chigulaia. 
 
 747. f Walsh, B.D., and C.V.Riley.] Small apple-leaf worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1809, v. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to iiKjuiry of H. Compton ; means against Spiloiiota ocitlana [ - Tine- 
 toceiu ocellaua'\. 
 
 748. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Rose bug on apples. <Ainer. 
 
 Ent., August, 18G9, v. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to in(|niry of A. Dean ; food-plants and means against Macrodactylun 
 auhnpinosun. 
 
 749. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley\] Unicorn apple-tree caterpillar. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brodhead ; characters of the larva and imago of 
 Xotodonfa [= Cncloda-'iys'] nnicornis ; food-plants of the larva of the same. 
 
 750. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley^] Large water beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 251. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. E. Mumford ; characters of Citbister fmhriolafus. 
 See No. 816. 
 
 751. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley\] Beetles around peach-trees. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Hollister, jr. ; characters and habiis of Helops piil- 
 his [=<pre»/s]. 
 
 752. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] A quick traveler. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brodhead ; characters and harmlessness of Cei'ma- 
 tia forceps. 
 
 753. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Unknown moth. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. G. Barton ; distribution of Jnnonia laviiiia in Illinois. 
 
 754. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] ' Corn-borer. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. M. N. ; identification of the larva of Gortyva nitela 
 injurious to corn. 
 
 755. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Horns of stag-beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. R. Ed^ijards; larval habits of Lucanun elaphus. 
 
 756. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V, Riley.] Imported gooseberry worms. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, J869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. P. Faulkner ; means against Xematux ribesii. 
 
 757. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Wortn on bark of walnut-tree. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. 8. Fuller; undetermined notodontoid larva on the 
 bark of walnut. 
 
86 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 758. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Eotteii root. <Amer. Eut., 
 
 August, 1869, V. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Beecher; scavenger habits of undetermined larva 
 feeding on dead roots of apple-trees. 
 
 759. [Walsh, B, D., and C. Y. Riley.] Large dragon-fly. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. S. Grover : characters and usefulness of .JUschna con- 
 stricta. 
 
 760. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Stinging larvae. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. H. King ; characters and urticating properties of 
 Saturnia \_^= Remileuca^ viaia; peach-blow potatoes avoided hj Doryphora 
 10-rtneata. 
 
 761. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Raspberry worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. H. Beebe ; characters of larva of Selandria \_:=Mo- 
 nojjhadnusl rnbi. 
 
 762. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Leaf-galls and caterpillars on 
 
 the sugarberry. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. L. Scotield ; undetermined gail on leaves of Celtis 
 occidentalis ; Orgyia leucostigma feeding on the leaves of the same. 
 
 763. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Dark grape-worm. <Amer. 
 
 Ent, August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. ^Y. G. ; characters and food-plants of Thyreus ahbotii. 
 
 764. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Too fond of honey. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon ; Cermatla forceps found in a jar of honey. 
 
 765. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Caterpillar of polyphemus 
 
 moth. <Amer. Ent., August, 1869, v. 1, p. 252. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. De Wyl ; larva of Telea polyphemus feeding on plams. 
 
 766. [Walsh, B. D., and C Y. Riley.] Why noxious insects increase 
 
 upon us. <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, pp. 1-2. 
 Eeasons why noxious insects increase ; review of articles by E. S. Hull, H. 
 W. Beecher, and Puritan. 
 
 767. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Tortoise-beetles. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, pp. 2-5, figs. 1-3. 
 Resemblances of insects to other animals or to their surroundings ; distribu- 
 tion, food-plants, and figure of Deloyala [= Coptocycla'\ clavata ; description 
 and figure of Physonota qmnque-pnnctata n. sp. [= unipuncfata^; figure of 
 the larva of the same ; conespondence of structural differences in larvie 
 with those in imagos of Cassidida; and with differences in food-plants; list 
 of insects injurious to Solanum ; figure of pupa and imago of Chelymorpha 
 cribraria [= argils']. 
 
 768. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Scientific nomenclature. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, pp. 5-8. 
 Rules observed in giving specific names to animals and plants ; the law of 
 priority; nature and extent of generic subdivisions. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP KCOXOMIC KNTOMOJ.OGY. S? 
 
 769. [Walsh, B. I)., and C. V. Rilev.J Killin<; iii)ple-wonns by 111:1 
 
 chiuerj. <Ainer. Ent., Septembcr-Ocrober, ISGi), v. L', p. '.». 
 Extract from article ot' L. P. Hiiskell, with (.nmnicnt ; iisi^ of rags in |ilart« of 
 hay-bauds as traps for Carpocapsa pomonella: destruction of the inseets 
 caught by means of a clothes-wriuger. 
 
 770. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] A potter wasp {Odynerus Jfa- 
 
 ripes f Fabr.). < Amer. Ent, September-October, 1809, v. L', 
 p. 10, fig. 4. 
 Method employed by Eumenidce to provision their nests; construction of the 
 same by species of Odynerus; habits of 0. flavlyes in provisiouing a nest 
 with several species of larvie ; figure of the imago of the same aud of the 
 uest of a species of Odynerus; structure of wiugs aud habits of Vespidce, 
 Eumenidte, and fossorial wasps. 
 
 771. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Tomato- worms not poisonous. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 11. 
 
 Prejudices in regard t<> tertaiu animals; presence of the horu on the larv;e 
 of almost all Sphingidce ; larva of Protoparce celeiis not i^oisouous. 
 
 772. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Gooseberry aud currant worms. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1809, v. 2, pp. 12-22, figs. 
 5-11. 
 
 Need of precision in nomeuclature; relations and distribution of the North 
 American species of i?i"6cs; insect enemies of the same; natural history and 
 description of EUopia [^ Eufitchia'] ribearia, Xcmatns ventricosus [_^ rihesii], 
 and Pristiphora grossularia;; figures larvje and imagos of the three species 
 aud the pupa of the Eufitchia. 
 
 773. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Strii)ed cucumber beetle. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 24, figs. 17-19. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. M. Gray; description of larva, aud habits, ravages 
 of and means against the larva and imago of Diabrotica vitiata; figures 
 larva, pupa, aud imago of the same. 
 
 774. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Leafy oak gall. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 25, fig. 20. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. H. B. ; description and figure of the gall of Cijnips 
 q.-frondosa. 
 
 775. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Drop of gold. <Amer, Ent, 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 25. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. H. B. ; egg of atheroma regalis? on shellbark-hick- 
 ory ; characters of eggs and oviposition of Metapodius nasuhts [=fenior'atu8'\. 
 
 776. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The luna moth. <Amer. Km., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 25. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Kinuey ; characters of Attacus [_= Actios'] luna: 
 food-plants of the larva of the same. 
 
 777. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Hag-moth larva. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 25, fig. 21. 
 Answer to inquiries of C. T. Farndl aud M. B. Baldwin ; characters of cocoon 
 and imago of Limacodes 1= Phohetron] pithecium; number of broods of the 
 moth in the year ; figure of the larva ; occurrence of Barpactor [ = Mili/as] 
 cinctns in Illinois. 
 
88 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 778. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. EiLEY.] StiugiDgbug. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 25. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Sbalier; habits and characters of Phymata erosa, 
 
 779. [Walsh, B. D.,- and C. V. Eiley.J Pear-tree worms. < Amer, 
 
 Ent., September-October, 3869, v. 2, p. 25. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. Hathaway; larva of Notodonta \_= CEdemasia'] con- 
 cinna found on pear-tree leaves. 
 
 780. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Kiley.] "Dobson.'' <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 25. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Fisherman ; ignorance as to what the larva called 
 •'Dobson" is. 
 
 781. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley'.] White-pine weevil. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26, fig. 22. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller; seasons, ravages, and means against Pis- 
 sodes strohi; i3gures larva, pupa, and imago of the same. 
 
 782. [Walsh, B. D., and G. V. Riley^] Unnatural secretion of wax. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Brewer ; description of a case of excessive secretion 
 of wax by Apis melUfica. 
 
 783. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Raspberry borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. A. Gates ; ravages of the larva of Oberea persincillata 
 l^bimaculata'] in blackberry and raspberry bushes; characters of the 
 imago of Dryocanipa senatoria; food-plants of the larva of the same. 
 
 784. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley^] Cocoon of horn-bug. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. R. McClutchen ; characters of cocoon of Lucanus 
 dama? 
 
 785. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26, fig. 23. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. R. Muhlemau ; characters and figure of Amphipyra 
 l^ PyropIdla'\ pyramidoides; food-plants and larva of the same and of A. 
 pyramidea of Europe; characters of the larva and imago oi Agnomonia ani- 
 lis; supposed food-plants of its larva. 
 
 786. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Cecropia moth caterpillar. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of H. G. Lewelliug and S. H. I. Green ; characters and 
 food-plants of the larva of Attacns cecropia. 
 
 787. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] How cut-worms originate. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 26. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon; cut- worms are larvse produced from 
 eggs of certain Noctuidw. 
 
 788. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V.Riley.] Red-humped caterpillar. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 27, figs. 24-26. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. W. Kauffman ; habits, characters, food-plants, and 
 means against larva of Notodonta [= dJdemasia} concinna; figures larva, 
 pupa, and imago of the same ; poisonousness of the fluids of certain insects. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 89 
 
 789. [Walsh, B. D.,audC.V. KiLEY.] Insects named. <Amer.Ent., 
 
 September-October, 186i), v. li, p. 27. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. G[orilon] ; characters and food-plants of r/ic/ia 
 himaculata and of larva of Procrix 1=^ Harrixina'\ (inuricana and Eudamux 
 fitj/nts ; characters of the imago of the last. 
 
 790. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] (iilt gold-beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 27. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. H, Martin ; characters and foQd-plants of Chryaochns 
 auratus. 
 
 791. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] The trumpet grape-gall. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 28, fig. 27. 
 Answer to inquiry of I). McClaine; description and figure of galls of Cecido- 
 viyia vitisUtuus [^t'iticola'\; occurrence of similar galls on several varieties 
 of grape-vines and on leaves of hickory and hackberry. 
 
 792. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Grape-berry moth. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 28. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Barnard ; ravages of Penthina rithorana [^ Eu- 
 
 (hmis hotrana']. 
 
 793. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Oak pruner. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 28. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. J. Plumb; occurrence of Elaphidion putator [ = r»/- 
 /osMWi] at Madison, Wis. 
 
 794. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley'.I Potato-bugs. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 28. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. R. Shelmire ; lavages and food-plants of Lytta 
 1= Epicaittal viitata; means against potato-eating J/e/oido' ; characters of 
 an unknown lepidopterous larva boring in a potato-stalk ; directions for 
 packing insects. 
 
 795. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley\] Blood-sucking cone-nose. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 18 .9, v. 2, p. 28. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. C. ; effect of the "bite" of Coiiorhitius sangui- 
 siiga; food-habits of the same. 
 
 796. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley'.] Woolly slug-like worm on 
 
 apple. <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 29. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. A. Green; food-plants and characters of larva of 
 Lagoa opercularis ; characters of the imago of the same ; improper method 
 of packing living insects. 
 
 797. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] A water-bug. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 29. 
 Answer to inqui^y of W. V. Smith ; characters of Panatra funcii ; habits an<l 
 habitat of Xepida;. 
 
 798. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Goldenrod galls. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 29. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. C. ; characters of galls of Trypeta solidaginiH 
 and Cecidomyia sohdaginis. 
 
90 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 799. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Oak-leaf gall. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 29. 
 Auswer to inquiry of B. H. Broaduox; description of galls of Cecidomyia 
 quercus-pilula; and C. q.-siimmetrica ; Cynipidw inquilinous in galls of Ceci- 
 doviyidce] differences between larvie of Cynipidce and Cecidomyidw ; trans- 
 formations of C. q.-piluloe and of the Cynips sp., inquilinous in its gall ; 
 distinction between groups of oaks. 
 
 800. [Walsh, B.D., and C. V. Riley.] Humble bees. <Amer. Eut., 
 
 September-October, 18G9, v. 2, p. 30. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. S. Davis; number of species and distribution of the 
 genus Bombus in North America ; habits of and differences between the 
 several forms composing a society of social insects ; habits of Bombus 
 pennsylvanicus, Halicim sp., and Andrena sp. 
 
 801. [Walsh, B. D., aud (1 V. Riley.] Can land be insured against 
 
 cut- worms and other insects? <Amer. Ent., September-Oc- 
 tober, 1869, V. 2, p. 30. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Willis ; means against larvje of cut-worms. 
 
 802. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Beetles named. < Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 30. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Hoyt, jr. ; characters of Cassida 1= Coptocycla^ 
 aurichalcea and Brachinus atnericanus; effect of the discharge made by Bra- 
 chinus sp. upon the inside of the human mouth. 
 
 803. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Royal horned-caterpillar. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 30. 
 Answer to inquiries of W. C. Holmes and M. G. Kern ; larva of atheroma re- 
 galis found feeding on Syringa. 
 
 804. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Parsnip caterpillar. <Amer. 
 
 Ent.. September-October, 1869, v. 2. p. 30. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Hoyt, jr. ; characters of larva of Papilio asterias. 
 
 805. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 31. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. P. Faulkner ; identification of several beetles ; habits 
 of Creophilus villoaus, Listotrophus cingulatus, Scarites subterraneus, and 
 Uloma impressa. 
 
 306. [Walsh, B, D., aud C. V. Riley.] Beetle named. < Amer. Ent., 
 SeiJtember-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 31. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Keyes ; habits and characters of larva of Calopteron 
 ferminale; distinctness of C reticulatum from C. termhiale. 
 
 807. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Moth named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 31. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. G. Barton ; food-plant of larva a,nd characters of 
 imago oi Alaria [= Rhodoplwra'] florida. 
 
 808. [Walsh, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Worm boring into cucumber. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 31. 
 
 'Answer to inquiries of G. W. C, O. L. Barler, and E. S. Smith; characters 
 of larva and imago of I'hakellura {=^Eiidioptis'\ nitidalis; food-plants of larva ; 
 characters of undetermined larva found boring in cucumbers. 
 
lUniJOGRArilV OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOOY. 91 
 
 800. I Walsh, B. I)., and C. V. Kiley.J Caterpillar oF the io moth. 
 <Amer. Eut., September-October, 18G9, v. 2, p. 31. 
 Answer to iuqnirv of ilrs. Tildesley ; characters of larva and imago of Sa- 
 tiirnia [= Hyperchiria] io; food-plant and urticating propertios of the larva. 
 
 810. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Apple-tree worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 18G9, v. 2, p. 32. 
 • Answer to inquiry of H. K. Vickroy ; habits and characters of larva of Acro- 
 hasis [=^ Pempelia'i hammondi ; habits of larva of Phycita ttebulo [^Acrobaain 
 indiginella'}. 
 
 811. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Stinging larvje. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 32. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. C. Falls; meaning of the vernacular and technical 
 names of Empretia stimidea; urticating properties of lepidopterous larvse. 
 
 812. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Lappet caterpillar on apple- 
 
 tree. <Amer. Eut., Sei)tember-October, 1809, v. 2, p. 32. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Stark ; characters of larva of Gastropacha amerieana. 
 
 813. [W^ALSH, B. D., and 0. V. Riley.] Spined spider. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 September-October, 18G9, v. 2, p. 32. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of G. W. Kinney and T. W. Gordon ; characters and 
 synonymy of Epeira [= Acrosoma] spinea. 
 
 814. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Dangerous looking. <Amer 
 
 Eut., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 32. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. M. Kenzie; characters and sting of MutiUa coc- 
 cinea [^ SplKerophthahua occidental is"]. 
 
 815. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Bag-worms again. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 32. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. C. Tipton ; ravages of Thyridopferyr ephemera- formiH; 
 harmlessness of larva of Protoparce celeus ; habitat of larva of ilit8ca do- 
 mestica. 
 
 816. [Walsh, B. D., and C. v.* Riley.] Large water-beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 32. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. E. Munford ; secondary sexual characters in elytra 
 of Cyhisterjimbriolatus. See No. 750. 
 
 817. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Beetles under dead fish. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, p. 32. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Ferrell ; food-habits and characters of Silpha peltata 
 [^amerieana]. 
 
 818. [Walsh, B. D., and C.V. Riley.] Universal remedies. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, i)p. 33-35. 
 
 Worthlessness of any one substance as a means against insects. 
 
 819. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Tent-caterpillars and fall- 
 
 web-worms. <Amer. Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 39. 
 Critical review of article in Western Rural, August 2(5, 18()!); seasons, habits, 
 food-plants, and characters of CUsiocampa amerieana and Uyphanlria textor 
 
92 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 820. [Walsh, B. D., aufl C. V. Eiley.] The boll- worm or corn-worm. 
 
 2d article. {Heliothis armigera, Hiibner.) <Amer. Ent., No- 
 vember, 18G9, V. 2, pp. 42-44, fiff. 29. 
 Seasons, food-plants, ravages of, and means against Seliothis armigera ; figures 
 of larvse, pupa, cocoon, and imago of the same; food-plants of Gortyna 
 nitela. 
 
 821. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Galls and tbeir architects. 
 
 2d article. <Amer. Ent., 18G9-1870, v. 2: ISTovember, pp. 45- 
 50, figs. 30-32 ; December-January, pp. 70-74, figs. 45-47 ; Feb- 
 ruary, pp. 103-106, figs. 08-71. 
 See No. 518; definition and classification of galls; descriptions and figures 
 of galls and larvae of Nematus salicis-jyomuvi, Euura s.-ovnm, and E. s.- 
 gemma [_=orMtalis'\ ; habits, seasons, and descriptions of the same; habits 
 and seasons of Anthonomus sycoplianta, Batrachedra saVicipomoneHa, and 
 Nematus mendicus ; differences between gall-makers and guest-flies; occur- 
 rence of distinct genera of gall-insects on plants of distinct genera; de- 
 scriptions and figures of galls of Cynips [= JnrfricHs] qiiercus-seminator and 
 C. q.-frondosa; synoptic table of North American gencm of Cynipida; Pse- 
 nides; description of Antistrophus n. g. and of A. lygodesmia^-pisimi n. sp. 
 and its gall; description and figure of the larva and iu>ago of Agrilus rufi- 
 collis and its gall; habits, food-plants of, and means against, the same; 
 figure and description of Baridius \^^= AmpeJoghjpter'] sesostris and its gall; 
 habits, foo<l-plants of, and means against, the same; characters of Madams 
 ampeJopsidos \_^= Amptloglypter ater'\ and its gall; habits of Buprestidw. 
 
 822. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley'.] Toads in gardens. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 50. 
 Value of toads as a means against noxious insects, etc., in gardens. 
 
 823. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Notes on the Tarantula-killer. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 52. 
 Comments on note of C. Peabody ; occurrence of Mygale hentzii and Pejjsis 
 formosa in Missouri. 
 
 824. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley^] Swarms of lady-birds. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. o5. 
 Occurrence of countless millions of Cocc'mellidce in England ; their origin and 
 movements. 
 
 825. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Eiley.] The squash-bug does not touch 
 
 the white bush scollop. <Amer. Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, 
 p. 55. 
 
 Coreus 1 = Anasa'] tristis does not attack the white bush scollop variety of the 
 squash-vine ; means against the same. 
 
 826. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] [Scientific names.] <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 57. 
 Use of English and scientific names of insects. 
 
 827. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] On our table. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1869, v. 2, pp. 57-58. 
 Notices of: Record of American entomology for the year 1868. — The Canadian 
 entomologist. — The butterflies of North America, by W. H. Edwards.— 
 Guide to the study of insects, by A. S. Packard, jr., etc. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 93 
 
 828. [Walsh, B. D., au»l C. Y. Riley. 1 Locust borer. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1SC5), v. 2, p. 58. 
 Answer to iii([uiry of J. Bagbj- ; Jrhopahix [^Ci/llene] robinitp 9 undistin- 
 guisbable from .1. [-= C^j^idMs $ . 
 
 829. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Saddleback larva. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1SG9, v. 2, p. 59, tig. 30. 
 Answer to iiuiuirv of 0. T. Cost; figure of the larva of Emprelia xtimulen 
 found on Indian corn. 
 
 830. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Silk spiders. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1809, v. 2, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiries of G. Howe and C. W. Spaulding; characters of Epeira 
 
 [=^ Argiopel riparia and ye2)lnla phimipcu. 
 
 831. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Entomological works. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. W. Cowles ; mention of works containing descrip- 
 tions of North American Coleoptera and Lepidoptera ; food-plants of the 
 larva of Eudrijaf itiiio. 
 
 832. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1809, v. 2, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. H. K. Bryant ; characters of the cocoon of Jttacus 
 ceeropia and the imago of Alutilla cocchua [:= S2)ha'rophthalma occidentalia']. 
 
 833. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] A new bee enemy. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Brewer ; characters of an undetermined carabid 
 larva found eating Jpis mdlifica. 
 
 834. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Tbousand-legged worms. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. W. ilerchant ; characters and poisouousness of Sc4>- 
 lopetidra castaneicejjs ; Julussj). and rolydesmus sp. injurious to strawberries. 
 
 835. [Walsh, B. D., and'C Y. Riley.] Cabbage- worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 00, figs. 37-38. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. C. Holmes; figures larva, pupa, and imago of Pieris 
 protodice; means against cabbage-worms. 
 
 836. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley'.] The rape buttertly. Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, j). 00. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. E. Chase; occurrence of Pieris raptr in Bangor. Me. 
 
 837. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Bad packing. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1869, v. 2, p. 60. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Beardslee ; characters and food-plants of Kmpre- 
 tia slimulea: I'ood-plant of Darapsa 1= Jmj)ehphaga] inyron ; directions for 
 sending larva- by mail. 
 
 838. [Walsh, B.D., and C.Y.Riley.] Grauddaddy long-legs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of \V. R. Howard ; vernacular names and habits of Pha- 
 langid(F. 
 
 839. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Borer in apple-twig. < Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 60. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brackett : habits of liovtrichun 1= Amphioerual 
 bicaudatus and Elaphidion parallel um [=ri7Zo«HmJ. 
 
94 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 840. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Etley.] Grape-vine leaf-galls. <Amer. 
 
 Ent, i^overaber, 1869, v. 2, p. 61. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. T. Heildrup ; habits and means against Phylloxera 
 rastafrix; varieties of grape infested by the same. 
 
 841. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Kiley.] Maple- worms. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1869, v. 2, p. 61. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. K. Vickroy ; characters and ravages of iJryocampa 
 ruhicunda and Ac.ronycta amencana; food-plants of Telea pohjphemus and 
 Attacus cecropia. 
 
 842. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Melancholy chafer in apples. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 61, tig. 39. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Fulton; figure of Eiiryomia \^^^Etiphoria'\ vielan- 
 cholica found boring in apples. 
 
 843. [Walsh, B. D., and C. y. Riley.] Worms boring in cucumbers. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 61. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. B. Ramsou ; food-habits of Phacellura [= Eudio2}lis~\ 
 nitidalis. 
 
 844. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley^] Lilac-borer. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1869, v. 2, p. 61. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. J. Freeman ; characters, affinities, and means against 
 ^geria 1=^ Podosusial syringa'. 
 
 845. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Burying beetles. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 61. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Osborn ; habits of Xecrophorus marginaius and of 
 Silphidw generally; characters of Hylohim stupidus [^^ Pachylohius pici- 
 DOj'Hs] found on plum-trees. 
 
 846. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley^] Wire- worms in potatoes. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 62. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. R. Shelmire ; characters of larva {Melatiotus in- 
 certusf) boring in potatoes; food-habits and means against larvae of 
 Elateridw. 
 
 847. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1869, v. 2, p. 6>. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Waters ; unknown tortricid and Limacodes sp., 
 found on apple-tree; characters of Chariesterus antennator. 
 
 848. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Girdled pear twigs. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 62. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. A. Thorp ; pear twigs girdled by Oncideres cingulata. 
 
 849. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1869, v. 2, p. 62. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. T. Dale ; food-habits of Rippodamia glacialis, Strachia 
 l^= Murgantia^ histrionica and Blepliarida rhois; figure of Hippodamia gla- 
 cialis. 
 
 850. [Walsh, B. D., and C.-V. Riley.] Tomato-feeding wcfrm. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, p. 62, fig. 41. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. C. Davis ; description, seasons, and food-plants of 
 larva of Prodenia commeUnw ; figure of dorsal surface of a segment of the 
 
BIBLIOGUAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 95 
 
 851. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Cocoons of Icliueumou flies. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., November, 1809, v. 2, p. ()2. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Mitcliell ; cocoous of Microyastcr .sp. lotiiul on larva 
 of I'rotoparce ceieiis. 
 
 852. [Walsh, B. D., aud C. V. Riley.] Gall on si)otted touch-me-not. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., November, 18G9, v. 2, p. 03, li^^ 42. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. N. Prentiss ; description aud figures of tlie gall of 
 Cecidomyia impatientis found on Impatiens J'uha. 
 
 853. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Unknown larvie. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 03. 
 Answertoinquiryof J.M. Harold; charactersof unknown larva allied to Xa^/oa. 
 
 854. [Walsh, B. D., and C. Y. Riley.] Bloodsucking cone-nose. 
 
 <Amer. Eut, November, 1809, v. 2, p. 03. 
 Answer to inquirj of D. B. Watson ; occurrence of Conorhinun sanguisugus at 
 Saint Louis, Mo. 
 
 855. [Walsh, B.D., and C.V. Riley.] Eggs on a grape-cane. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 03. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Cochrane; difiSculty of identifying eggs of insects. 
 
 856. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. RILEY^] Gregarious willow-worms. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 03. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brackett; characters, habits, and food-plants of 
 the larva of Clostera americana l^Ichthyura inclusa']. 
 
 857. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Caterpillars named. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 63. 
 Answer to iuiiiiiries of G. W. Copley and W. D. Butler; food-habits of larvae 
 of Eudamus litijrus and PapUio troUus. 
 
 858. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 November, 1809, v. 2, i). 03. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. G. Saffer; vernacular name of Mutilla cocdnca 
 [= Spharophthalma occidentalis'} ; characters oiSfi~us [= Sjthecius'l apeciosua. 
 
 859.. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Range of the rear-horse. 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 03. 
 Answer to inquiry of V. T. Chambers; northern range of Mantis 1:=^ Phasmo- 
 viantis'] Carolina. 
 
 860. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Eiley.] Royal horned-caterpillar. 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 04. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. L. Phares; Cithironia regalia more abundant in the 
 South than in the North. 
 
 801. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley',] Hair-worm or hair-snake. 
 
 <Amer. Ent, November, 1809, v. 2, p. 04. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. H. King; Gordiun sp. parasitic in (he pupa of Or- 
 chelimum sp. 
 
 802. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Dahlia-stalk borer. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1809, v. 2, p. 04. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Broadhead ; larva of Gorti/na nitcla boring in stalk 
 of dahlia. 
 
 803. [Walsh, B. D., and C. V. Riley.] Parsnij) worm. <Amer. Ent, 
 
 November, 1809, v. 2, p. 04. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Adams ; larva of Vapilio aateriaa feeds on parsnip. 
 
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MORE IMPORTANT COXTRIBUTIOXS 
 
 TO 
 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 PREPARED, BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 BY 
 
 SAMUEL HENSHAW. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 THE MORE IMPORTANT WRITINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 CHARLES VALENTINE RILEY. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 
 1889. 
 7 ENT 97 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIOXS TO 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 864. R[ILEY], C. [^'.J The liouse-tiy. <Prairie Farmer, 3 May, 18G3, 
 
 [v. 27], H. s., V. 11, pp. 27(3-.!77. S.-b. No. 1, p. 9. 
 Stomoxifs calcitrauK distingnished from Miisca domestira ; habits of each : 
 trauslormations of the latter; liabit of larvu' of collecting underueath 
 boards. 
 
 865. E[iLEY], C. [V.] The May-beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 6 Juue, 1863, 
 
 [v. 27], n. s., V. 11, p. 356. S.-b. Xo. 1, p. 7. 
 
 Ravages of Phyllopliaga qucrcina [= Lachnosterna /usca] ; descriptiou and 
 habits of larvte and images; remedies. 
 
 8(;<i. R[iley], 0. V. Larvae of the ten-striped spearman. <Prairie 
 Farmer, 8 August, 1863, [v. 28], n. s., v. 12, pp. 85-86, fig. S.-b. 
 No. 1, p. 11. 
 
 Description of eggs; figure and first description of larva of Doryphora Id- 
 lineata; habits of larva ; seasons; remedies; enemies o£ larva. 
 
 867. R[iley], C. v. The squash-bug. <Prairie Farmer, 8 August, 
 
 1863, [v. 28], n. s., v. 12, p. 86. S.-b. No. 1, p. 11. 
 Description of imagos and larvas of Coreus [= Ana>ia'\ triHtiit; habits, seasons, 
 remedies. 
 
 868. Riley, C. V. The cut worm. <Prairie Farmer, 12 March, 1864, 
 
 [v. 29], u. s., V. 13, p. 169. 
 Answer to communication of G. R. Huffman ; habits and transformations of 
 Agrotidida' ; means against them. 
 
 869. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological. <Prairie Farmer, 21 May, 1864, 
 
 fv. 29], n. s., V. 13, p. 361. 
 
 Answer to communication of J. S. Lawver ; ravages of unknown caterpil- 
 lars, probably cut-worms, and of Ithijcertis novehoracemia on young apple- 
 trees : means against these insects. 
 
 870. [Riley, C. Y.] Apple-borers. <Prairie Farmer, 14 January, 1865, 
 
 [v. 31], n. s., V. 15, p. 21, 5 figs. S.-b. No. 1, p. 30. 
 
 Description and figure of larva and imago of niiprrstii [= ChryHohothrix^femo- 
 raUt; injury done by the larva; remedies. Figure of imago of Saprrda 
 bifUtafa 1=^ candidal. 
 
100 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOxMOLOGY. 
 
 871. [Riley, C. V. | Peach-tree borers. <Prairie Farmer, 25 Febru- 
 
 ary, 18G5, [v. 31], n. s., v. 15, pp. 122-123, 6 figs. - S.-b. ^o. 1, 
 pp. 30-31. 
 
 Descriptions and fi<i;ures of larva, pupa, cocoon, and $ and 9 imagos oi Mge- 
 ria [=<SaKwiMa] exitiosa ; description of egg ; seasons and habits of larva and 
 imago ; remedies. Figure of imago of Dicerca divaricaia. 
 
 872. [Riley, C. V.] Entomology. <Prairie Farmer, 22 April, 1865, 
 
 [v. 31], n. s., V. 15, p. 306. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 32-33. 
 Coming forth of insects in spring ; desirahility of observing noxious insects 
 and of recording observations; abundance of eggs of Orgi/ia this season; 
 methods of destroying them. 
 
 873. [Riley, C. V.] Flea-beetles and Curculio. <Prairie Farmer, 27 
 
 May, 1865, [v. 31], n. s., v. 15, p. 418, fig. S.-b. No. 1, p. 33. 
 Prevalence of and means against Halticida' ; habits of and means against 
 Conotraclielns nenuphar; figure of pupa. 
 
 874. [Riley, C.Y.] Apple-tree caterpillars. <PrairieFarmer, 3 June, 
 
 1865, [v. 3]], u. s., V. 15, pp. 437-438. S.-b. No. 1, p. 34. 
 
 Answer to communication from J. C. Brown ; descriptions of larva, pupa, and 
 imago, of Clta'tochiltis ponieteUus; habits of the same; other caterpillars 
 injurious to the leaves of apple trees and means against them. 
 
 875. [Riley, C. Y.] Curculio catcher. <Prairie Farmer, 10 June, 
 
 1865 [v. 31], n. s., \. 15, i). 457, fig. 
 Figure of E. S. Hull's Curculio catcher, with explanatory text. 
 
 876. [Riley, C. Y.] The army- worm. <Prairie Farmer, 8 July, 1865, 
 
 [v. 32], u. s., V. 16, pp. 3-4, 3 figs. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 36-37. 
 Answer to communication from W. R. ; descriptions and figures of larva, 
 pupa, and imago of Leucania unipuncta; number of broods unknown; rem- 
 edies. 
 
 877. [Riley, C. Y.j The currant- worm. <Prairie Farmer, 15 July, 1865, 
 
 [v. 32], u. s., V. 16, p. 27, 4 figs. S.-b. No. 1, p. 36. 
 Description of eggs; descriptions and figures of larva, pupa, and imago of 
 Eiifitchia ribearia; habits, seasons, remedies. 
 
 878. [Riley, C. Y.] 'Swallows. <Prairie Farmer, 15 July, 1865, [v. 32], 
 
 B. s., V. 16, p. 27. S.-b. No. 1, p. 36. 
 Usefulness of swallows in the destruction of noxious insects. 
 
 879. [Riley, C. Y.] Another insect friend. <Prairie Farmer, 22 July, 
 
 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, p. 50. S.-b. No. 1, p. 35. 
 
 Rogas n. sp. parasitic on \ixi:\-&oi Sesia pelasgus ''! [=; Hemaris ihyshc'] ; economic 
 benefits of parasitism. 
 
 880. [Riley, C. Y,] Singular caterpillar. <Prairie Farmer, 22 July, 
 
 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, p. 50. S.-b. No. 1, p. 35. 
 Descriptions of larva, pupa, and imago of iVo/orfonirt \^=^ Ccelodasys'\ unicornis; 
 habits ; food-plants. 
 
 881. [Riley, C. Y.] Collecting and preserving insects. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 5 August, 1865, [v. 32], u. s., v. 16, pp. 101-102, fig. 
 
 Interest and importance of entomology ; directions for the construction of 
 nets and cabinets, and for the capture, killing, preparation, and preserva- 
 tion of insects. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 101 
 
 882. ElLEY, C. V. The grass-biii; and its liahits : (Jiirraiit worms. 
 
 <Ciiltivator and Country CuMitleman, 10 Aii;;nst, 180.j, v. 2(i, 
 p. 98. Reprint: <Boston Cultivator, 19 August, 18G5, v. 37, 
 p. 259. S.-b. No. 1, p. 60. 
 Habits of Cercopididw; nature of the imago of currant-worms. 
 
 883. [Riley, C. V.] Apple plant-louse. <Prairie Farmer, 19 August, 
 
 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, p. 127. S.-b. No. 1, p. 40. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Doron ; habits and fecundity of Aphin mall ; meau8 
 against it. 
 
 881. R[iley], C. [V.] Seventeen-year locust. < Prairie Farmer, 19 Au- 
 gust, 1865, [v. 32.J, n. s., v. 16, p. 127. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 40-41. 
 
 Agrees with S. P. G. in doubting that Cicada l^ Tibicen'] neptcndeciin Uvea 
 seventeen years immature, and gives reasons for his d.oubt. 
 
 885. [Riley, 0. Y.] Tobacco-worra. <Prairie Farmer, 2 September, 
 
 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, p. 165. S.-b. No. 1, p. 41. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. B. Knowlton ; habits of MacronUa quinquemactilata 
 [= Protoparce celeits], 
 
 886. [Riley, C. V.] The chinch-bug. <Prairie Farmer, 9 September, 
 
 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, p. 190. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 50-51. 
 Criticism of communication by D. H. Sherman ; Blissus leucopierus does not 
 always deposit its eggs on grain of wheat, if it ever does so ; proposed rem- 
 edy therefore inefficient. 
 
 887. Riley, C. V. The sheep gad-fly. <Prairie Farmer, 14 October, 
 
 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, pp. 288-289, figs. 1-6. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 
 48-49. 
 Answer to inquiries of a subscriber; figures and descriptions of larva, pupa- 
 case, and imago of CiphaJvmyia [^^(Estrm^ oris; habits of and means 
 against it; imago viviparous. 
 
 888. [Riley, C. V.] Chinch-bug not in seed grain. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 21 October, 1865, [v. 32], n. s., v. 16, p. 308. S.-b. No. 1, p. 4. 
 Supposed evidence that the eggs of Blissus Iciicopieriis are not dejtosited and 
 do not winter in seed wheat. 
 
 889. [Riley% C. v.] Lice on calves. <Prairie Farmer, 13 January, 
 
 1865, [v. 33], n. s., v. 17, p. 24. 
 Directions, on the authority of Robert Jennings, for freeing calves of lice. 
 
 890. [RiLEi', C. v.] The chinch-bug once more. A reply to D. H. 
 
 Sherman. '<Waukegan [111.] Gazette, 20 January, 1866, v. 16, 
 No. 18, p. 4. 
 Critical review of article of D. H. Sherman. 
 
 891. Riley, C. V. The chinch-bug. <Prairie Farmer, 3 March, 1866, 
 
 [v. 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 133. S.-b. No. 1, p. 71. 
 Answer to inquiry of \V. R. Everett ; means against BUssiix leucopterns; hab- 
 its, hibernation, and oviposition. 
 
 892. [Riley, C. V.] Wire-worms. <Prairie Farmer, 3 March, 1866, 
 
 [v. 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 133, figs. 4-5. S.-b. No. 1, p. 71. 
 Answer to inquiry of Creswoll ; means against larva; of Elaterida. 
 
102 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 893. R[iLEY], C. V. Eutoinoiogical. <Prairie Farmer, 24 March, 1866, 
 
 [v. 33J, u. s., V. 17, p. 192, figs. 5-6. S.-b. Xo. 1, p. 68. 
 Answers to inquiries of E. T. Nelson, J. Dorou, and H. W. Shore; habits and 
 figures of Amphicerus bicaudatus ; remedies. Apple-twigs pierced by one of 
 the Uroceridce. 
 
 894. Riley, C. V. The chinch-bug. <Pract. Ent., 26 March, 1866, v. 
 
 1, pp. 47-48. 
 
 Criticism of D. H. Sherman's commuuicatiou on this insect ; Blissus leucop- 
 terus does not oviposit in the fuzzy end of wheat-grain ; brief life-history. 
 
 895. Riley, C. V. The chinch-bug once more. <Waukegan fill.] Ga- 
 
 zette, 31 March, 1866, v. 16, No. 28, p. 4. S.-b. No. 1, p. 70. 
 Reply to D. H. Sherman's second communication ; Blissus leucopterus does 
 not deposit its eggs in the grain of wheat ; means against it. 
 
 896. [Hiley, C.V.] Bark-lice remedy. <Prairie Farmer, 7 April, 1866, 
 
 [v. 33J, n. s., V. 17, p. 229. S.-b. Ifo. 1, p. 79. 
 
 Answers to inquiries of a subscriber and of S. J. B. ; means against Mytilas- 
 pis pomicorticis [=j;omo)*(/?»]. 
 
 897. [Riley, C. V.] " Bug" on melon, etc. <Prairie Farmer, 7 April, 
 
 1866, [v. 33], n. s., v. 17, p. 229. S.-b. No. 1, p. 79. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. E. W. ; means against JJiabrotica vitiata. 
 
 898. [Riley, C. V.] Warbles. <Prairie Farmer, 21 April, 1866, [v. 
 
 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 276. 
 The occurrence of lumps on the back of cattle caused by larvae of Hypoderma 
 bovis is not unusual or alarming. 
 
 899. Riley, C. V. The ailanthus silk-worm. <Prairie Farmer, 28 
 
 . April, 1866, [v. 33], u. s., v. 17, p. 289, fig. S.-b. No. 1, p. 93. 
 Partial reprint: <New York Tribune, 29 May, 1866, v. 26, No. 
 7844, p. 7. S.-b. No. 1, p. 92. 
 Describes attempts to introduce Bombyx arrindia and Samia l^= Attacus"] 
 cynthia into Europe for commercial purposes. Describes and figures egg, 
 larva, and imago, and figures pupa of Samia [=^ Attacus'\ cyiithin: habits, 
 seasons, and hardiness, and disadvantages for purposes of silic culture of 
 this species; superiority of native species. 
 
 900. [Riley, C. V.] Lice on pigs. < Prairie Farmer, 28 April, 1866, 
 
 [v. 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 292. 
 Means against. 
 
 901. Riley, C. Y. Novel facts about cut-worms. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 2 June, 1866, [v. 33], n. s., v. 17, pp. 371, 372, figs. 3-8. S.-b. No. 
 1, p. 89. 
 
 Climbing habits of the larvje of Agrotididw ; figures and descriptions of the 
 larvae of Agrotis cochranii [= A. messoria^, A. clandestina, and ? Hadena sub- 
 juncta ; enemies of cut- worms. 
 
 902. [Riley, C. V.] The canker-worm. <Prairie Farmer, 16 June, 
 
 1866, [v. 33], n. s., v. 17, p. 412. S.-b. No. 1, p. 96. 
 Answer to inquiry of a subscriber ; means against Anisopteryx. 
 
 903. R[ILEY], 0. v. Large fish-fly. <Prairie Farmer, 16 June, 1866, 
 
 [v. 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 412. S.-b. No. 1, p. 96. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. B. Knowltou; habits and distribution of Ferla dor- 
 aata. 
 
BIBLIOGUAPMV OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 103 
 
 904. Riley, C. V. The bee-moth. <CuUivator and Country Geutle- 
 
 luaii, 21 June, 18GG, v. 27, p. 399. S.-b. No. 1, p. 97. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. S. Fowler; habits of Gallcria ccnana. 
 
 905. Riley, C. V. The potato-bug. <Prairie Fanner, 2.i June, 186C, 
 
 [v. 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 432. S.-b. No. 1, p. 97. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. D. Ellington ; eastwunl sprcadiuoj of and means 
 against Dortiphora decemUncata. 
 
 90(5. [Kiley, C. v.] Army-worm. <Prairie Farmer, 23 June, 1800, [v. 
 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 432. S.-b. No. 1, p. 97. 
 
 Occurrence of Leiicania Hnipnncta in various parts of Illinois. 
 
 907. Rilp:y, C. V. White willow insects. <Prairie Farmer, 30 June, 
 
 18GG, [v. 33], n. s., v. 17, p. 452. S.-b. No. 1, p. 101. 
 Answer to in<i[niry of L. G. H. ; descriptions of larva, pupa, and imago of 
 Vani'sxa antinpa; description of YikV\& oi Nemaius venfraVia; habits of and 
 means against these. 
 
 908. Riley, C. V. Still they come. < Prairie Farmer, 30 June, 18G6, 
 
 [v. 33], n. s., V. 17, p. 452. S.-b. No. 1, p. 101. 
 
 Answer to int^uiry of S. D. ; means against Doryphora decemlineata. 
 
 909. Riley, C. V. The worm question. < Ohio Farmer, 7 July, 1860, 
 
 V. 15, p. 209. S.-b. No. 2, p. 17. 
 Comments on a controversy between J. K. and J. Brocket concerning Pyrrh- 
 arcfia Isabella; molting, pupation, and cocoon-making of this and other 
 caterpillars. 
 
 910. Riley, C. V. Army-worm and canker-worm wisdom. < Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 21 July, 18GG, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 3%. S.-b. No. 1, 
 p. 101 ; No. 2, p. 40. 
 Comments on entomological ignorance amongst members of the Fruit Grow- 
 er's Society of Western New York ; efficacy of ipeans against Anisopteryx. 
 
 911. R[iLEYj, C. V. [Attacus cecropia.] < Prairie Farmer, 21 July, 
 
 186G, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 40. S.-b. No. 1, p. 104 ; No. 2, p. 40. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. T. ; habits of J »ac«s cecropia; its nsefuluess for silk. 
 
 912. R[iley], C. V. [Cantharis cinerea.] < Prairie Farmer, 21 July, 
 
 18GG, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 40. S.-b. No. 1, p. 104 ; No. 2, p. 40. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. D. Iloord ; criticizes the figure of Lytta Jahrivii 
 l:=Macrohasi8 wnicoior] in Harris' Insects; usefulness of the Meloidw as 
 vesicants; habits of and means against M. iinicolor. 
 
 913. Riley, C. V. [Edema albifrons.\ <Prairie Farmer, 1 August 
 
 18GG, [v. 34], u. s., V. 18, p. 73. S.-b. No. 1, p. 110. 
 Answer to inquiry of II. Kennedy; probability of unknown notodoutoid 
 proving Edema aUnfrons. 
 
 914. Riley, C. V. Practical entomology in reality. <Maine Farmer, 
 
 2 August, 186G. S.-b. No. 2, p. 21. 
 Critical review of Brackett's Practical Entomology No. 9 ; some cut-worms 
 do climb trees: CEstrus oris is viviparous. 
 
 915. Riley, C. V. [Clytus speciosiis.] < Prairie Farmer, 4 August, 
 
 18G6, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 73. S.-b. No. 1, p. 110. 
 
 Answer to in(iuiry of C. L. Edwards; habits of and means against f'lytus 
 1= Phujionotits] aptcioHua injuring maple-trees: description of larva of 
 Anisota 1= Dryucampa'\ riihicitnda which feeds upon maple leaves. 
 
104 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 916. Riley, C. V. Grape-leaf louse. < Prairie Farmer, 4 August, 
 
 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 73. S.-b. No. 1, p. 110. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of ''Subscriber"; description, babits and development 
 of Pemphigua vitifoUw [= Phylloxera vuf^tatrixj. 
 
 917. KiLEY, C. V. White willow worm. < Prairie Farmer, 4 August, 
 
 1866, [v. 34], 11. s., V. 18, p. 73. S.-b. No. 1, p. 110. 
 Descriptions of larva and imago of Nematus ventralis ; food-plants ; ravages 
 and number of broods. 
 
 918. Riley, 0. V. Insects in timber. < Prairie Farmer, 4 August, 
 
 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 73. S.-b. No. 1, p. 110. 
 
 Unknown species of Tortricidcf injurious to forests in Brown and Schuyler 
 Counties, Illinois, in 1865. 
 
 919. Riley, C.V. DerneueKartoii'elKafer. <Deutsche Prairie Farmer, 
 
 August, 1866, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 2, p. 14. 
 Descriptions and figures of larva and imago of Doryphora decemVineata; its 
 eastern migrations; habits; nieaus against it. 
 
 920. Riley, C.V. Cicadas and walking-sticks. <Prairie Farmer, 1 
 
 September, 1866, [v. 34], u. s., v. 18, p. 136. S.-b. No. 2, p. 41. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. D. Swain; condensed aoconnt of Cicada canicularis 
 1 = tibicen'\ ; comparison with C. \_= Tiblcen~\ aeptendecim ; mentions Spec- 
 trum [= Diaplieromera'] femoratum. 
 
 921. [Riley, C. V.] Locust-borer. <Prairie Farmer, 1 September, 
 
 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 140. 
 Answer to inquiry of O. H. S. ; nearly all of the locust groves in the West 
 have been destroyed by Clytiis [== Cyllene'] robinke; no remedy known. 
 
 922. Riley, C. V. Apple-tree caterpillars. <Prairie Farmer, 8 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 152. S.-b. No. 2, p. 41. 
 Answer to inquiries of S. Caveruo aud H. M. Lymau ; habits, descriptions of 
 larv£e,and imagos of Datana ministra and Notodonta [= ffif^ejwasia] con- 
 cinna; means against them; description of pupa of Dalana rninistra. 
 
 923. Riley, C. V. Joint- worm. <Prairie Farmer, 8 September, 1866, 
 
 [v. 34], n. s., V. 18, p. 152. S.-b. No. 2, p. 41. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Conklin ; habits of and means against laosoma 
 hordei. 
 
 924. Riley, C. V. [ISfefnatus ventralis. \ <Prairie Farmer, 8 Septem- 
 
 ber, 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 152. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. E. W. ; ravages of Xematus ventralis in Kalmar, Minn. 
 
 925. [Riley, C. V.] Ten-lined potato-beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 8 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1866, [v. 34], u. s., V. 18, p. 152. S.-b. No. 2, p. 42. 
 Larva of Lema trilineata on potato plants in Maine mistaken for that of Do- 
 ryphora decemlineata. 
 
 926. [Riley, C. V.] Locusts. <Prairie Farmer, 3 November, 1866, [v. 
 
 34], n. s., V. 18, p. 290. 
 
 Occurrence and ravages of Calopteriua spretus in portions of Kansas and west- 
 ern United States in 1866. 
 
 927. Riley, C. V. Caterpillars on the pine. <Prairie Farmer, 10 No- 
 
 vember, 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 30 L S.-b. No. 2, p. 42. 
 Answer to inquiry of N. R. Strong and A. L. Joues; detailed description of 
 larva of Lophyrus abbotii; habits of larva; means against the insect. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 105 
 
 928. Riley, C. V. Elm- and pear-tree borer. <Prairie Farmer, 10 No- 
 
 vember, 18CG, [V. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 301. S.-b. No. 2, p. 42. 
 Answer to inquiry ol' James Matteson ; description and habits of Treviex 
 columba. 
 
 929. Riley, C. V. Grasshoppers and locusts. <Prairie Farmer, 24 
 
 November, 1866, [v. 34], u. s., v. 18, p. 333. S.-b. No. 2, pp. 43- 
 44. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. N. ; distinguishes grasshoppers from locusts; char- 
 acterizes Achetadw {= GnjUida;'\, GrylUd<e \_=^ Locu8tid(B'\, and LocustidtB 
 {_=^ Acridida; \ ; ovipositiou, transformations, ravages, and migrations of 
 Aci-ididw ', recognition of Caloptenun apretus. 
 
 930. Riley, C V. Black-knot once more. <Gardeners' Mo. and 
 
 Hortic, November, 1866, v. 8, pp. 331-332. S.-b. No. 2, j). 31. 
 Fungoid origin of black-knot [iS/;/ifpria«ior&osa] ; larv* of Conotrachelus nenu- 
 phar present in the swellings. 
 
 931. I\[ileyJ, C. V. Brimstone for borers. <Prairie Farmer, 8 De- 
 
 cember, 1866, [v. 34], n. s., v. 18, p. 365. S.-b. No. 2, p. 44. 
 Criticism of a communication bj' \V. ; sulphur inserted in trunks of trees in- 
 eftectual as a means against insects. 
 
 932. Riley, C. V. The wire-worm. <Cultivator and Country Gentle- 
 
 man, 27 December, 1866, v. 28, p. 414. S.-b. No. 2, p. 34. 
 Critical review of J. D. Gros' "The wire-worm;" myriapods and the larvae 
 of Elateridce are called wire-worms ; separable by the number of their legs ; 
 means against them. 
 
 933. [RiLEY', C. Y.] Tilden tomato and the tobacco- worm. < Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 5 January, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 5. 
 Remarks on comiiiunieation of T. B. ; tomato plants eaten by tobacco-worms 
 [Protoparce Carolina] in preference to tobacco plants; possibly the worms 
 observed were tomato-worms [P. celeits']. 
 
 934. [Riley, C. Y.] Remarks on Saperda, Chrysobothris, Carpocapsa, 
 
 and Conotrachelm. < Prairie Farmer, 12 January, 1867, fv. 35], 
 n. s., V. 19, p. 23. 
 Report of remarks made at the annual meeting of Southern Illinois Fruit 
 Growers' Association. 
 
 935. [Riley, C. Y.] Bark-lice. <Prairie Farmer, 12 January, 1867, 
 
 [v. 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 24. 
 Washing apple-trees with lye effective against bark-lice. 
 
 936. RiLEY', C. Y. Insects in the flower garden. A troublous time. 
 
 < Prairie Farmer, 19 January, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 37. 
 S.-b. No. 2, p. 45. 
 Answer to communication by Kate Sherman; describes larva of \_HeUothin 
 phlogophagus'] injuring Phlox. 
 
 937. [Riley, C. Y.] Salt and vinegar for insects. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 19 January, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 10, p. 37. S.-b. No. 2, p. 45. 
 
 Review of T. Glover's Report of the U. S. Entomologist for 1865, T. Glover's 
 Entomological exhibition in Paris, and W. C. Lodge's Fruits and fruit 
 trees of the Middle States; use of salt and vinegar as means against in- 
 sects ; criticism of errors. See Nos. 222, 939, 942. 
 
106 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 938. Riley, C. V. Hickory bark borer, Scolytus cart/w, n. sp. <Prai- 
 
 rie Farmer, 2 February, 1867, [v. 35], u. s., v. 19, pp. 68, 69, 6 
 figs. S.-b. No. 2, p. 50. 
 Descriptions and figures of larva and imago of Scolytus caryce n. sp. l=4-sphio- 
 SMs] and of its boriugs in bark aud wood of Carija; habits and ravages; 
 figure of the pupa of IS. destructor of Europe. 
 
 939. [Riley, C. V.] Correction. <Prairie Farmer, 2 February, 1867, 
 
 [v. 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 50. 
 Correction of statement made in No. 937 ; T. Glover not responsible for calling 
 Saperda hiviitata l^= Candida'] a butterfly. See Nos. 222, 937, 942. 
 
 940. EiLEY, C. V. Dahlia aud aster stalk-borer, Gortyna niiela Gue- 
 
 nee. <Prairie Farmer, 23 February, 1867, [v, 35], n. s., v. 19, 
 p. 116, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 2, p. 58. 
 Description of larva, pupa, aud imago of Gortyna nitela; habits of and means 
 against this insect. , . 
 
 941. E[iley], C. V. Borers aud cauker-worms. <Prairie Farmer, 9 
 
 Marcb, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 151. S. b. No. 2, p. 61. 
 Critical review of E. H. C.'s " Remedy for the borer" and of J. Huggius' 
 "Canker-worm;" indefiniteuess of the word borer; borers confined to par- 
 ticular trees according to species; relations between Clytus \_= Cyllenel 
 pictiis and C. [^ C] rohinia", habits of and'means against canker-worms. 
 See No, 954. 
 
 942. [Riley, C. V.] The critic criticised. <Prairie Farmer, 16 March, 
 
 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 169. S.-b. No. 2, p. 58. 
 Reply to B. D. Walsh's "The critic criticised;" insists upon the correctness 
 of one criticism made ; acknowledges incorrectness of another. See Nos. 
 222, 937, 939. 
 
 943. Riley, C. V. [Solenobia.] <,Prairie Farmer, 16 March, 1867, [v. 
 
 35], u. s., V. 19, p. 169. S.-b. No. 2, p. 58. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. C. Plumb; brief description of the larva of f Sole- 
 nobia ; habits of the genus. 
 
 944. Riley, C. V. Bark-lice. Their history, together with sundry 
 
 remedies. <Prairie Farmer, 23 March, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, 
 p. 184. S.-b. No. 2, pp. 61-62. Extract: <Cultivator and 
 Country Gentleman, 23 May, 1867, v. 29, p. 334. <Pract. Ent., 
 April, 1867, v. 2, pp. 81-82. 
 Criticisps several patent remedies for ravages of bark-lice, Coccida'; igno- 
 rance of entomology amongst intelligent writers; natural history oi Myti- 
 laspis pomicorticis \^ = pomorum']. 
 
 945. Riley, C.V. The phlox- worm. <PrairieFarmer, 6 April,1867, [v. 
 
 35], n. 8., V. 19, p. 219, 2 figs. S. b. No. 2, pp. 63, 64. 
 Describes and figures larva and imago of Heliothia phloxiphaga ; describes 
 pupa; seasons and habits. 
 
 946. Riley, C.V. The potato-beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 6 April, 1867, 
 
 [v. 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 219. S.-b. No. 2, p. 64. 
 Answer to inquiries of H. Tilden; Doryphora decemUneata remains perma- 
 nently in regions invaded by it ; hibernates as an imago under ground. 
 
lUHLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC KNTOMOLOGY. 107 
 
 047. Riley, C. V. Meadow-worms. <Prairie Fanner, April, 1867, 
 [v. 35], u. s., V. 19, p. 219. S.-b. No. 2, p. 04. 
 Answer to iiKiuiry of H. S. ; habits of Tipula in all Hta^jcs. 
 
 948. Riley, C. V. Clover- worms. <Prairie Farmer, 18G7, [v. 3.j], n. 
 
 s., V. 19, 20 Ai)ril, pp. 200-201, 10 tigs.; 27 April, p. 279. S.-b. 
 No. 2, pp. 07, 08. 
 Habits and ravages of Pyralis olinalis \_^=A8opia costaUs] ; figures and detailed 
 descriptions of larva, pupa, cocoon, and imago. 
 
 949. Riley", C. V. The apple-leaf criimi)ler. < Prairie Farmer, 27 
 
 April, 1807, [v. 35 1, n. s., v. 19, p. 279, 4 figs. S. b. No. 2, p. 08. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. H. ; description of pupa, figure of larva-case and 
 imago of PItycifa nebulo [=z Acrohaais indigineUa']; babits and means against 
 the same. 
 
 950. Riley, C. V. Cocoous on the flowering ash. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 27 April, 1807, |v. 35J, n. s., v. 19, p. 279. S.-b. No. 2, p. 08. 
 Answer to intiuiry of A. B. Pierce; descriptions of larva, cocoon, and imago 
 of Attacus promethea; food-plants of larva; method of emergence from 
 cocoon. 
 
 951. Riley, C. V. Scarred apple-trees. Prairie Farmer, 27 April, 1867, 
 
 [v. 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 279. S.-b. No. 2, p. 08. 
 Answer to inquiry of P. M. Williamson; descnptionsof the injuries to apple- 
 trees caused by Te/^V/o h ia sp.. Coccus han-isii \^^Chionaspis furfurus'\, and 
 Mytilaspis pomicorticis 1:= pomornm'\. 
 
 932. Riley, C. V. Aphides. <PrairlQ Farmer, 18 May, 1807, f v. 35,], 
 u. s.,V. 19, p. 332. S.-b.- No. 2, p. 7.3. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Taylor; color and propagation of Aphis viali; means 
 against the same. 
 
 953. Riley, C. V. Tree-cricket. Prairie Farmer, 18 May, 1867, (v. 35], 
 
 n. s., V. 19, p. 332. S.-b. No. 2, p. 73. 
 Answer to iuquiry of A. N. Prentiss; habits of CEcanthus nivens. 
 
 954. Riley,. C. V. Note. <Prairie Farmer, IS May, 1807, [v. 35], n. s., 
 
 Y. 19, p. .332. S.-b. No. 2, p. 73. 
 Correction of No. 941 ; criticism unfounded. 
 
 9.55. Riley* C. V. The strawberry-worm, EmpJn/tus macnlatus Nor- 
 ton. < Prairie Farmer, 25 May, 1807, [v. 'Srt], n. s., v. 19, p. 348, 
 9 figs. S.-b. No. 2, p. 72. 
 Descriptions and figures of all stages, geographical distribution, seasons, 
 habits, and oviposition of and means against Emphytus {=UiirpiphoruH'\ 
 maculatus. 
 
 950. Riley, C. V. White-pine worm: Lophijrus ahhotii. < Prairie 
 Farmer, 25 May, 1807, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 348, 7 figs. S.-b. 
 No. 2. p. 72. 
 Description of imago of Lophyrus abbotii; figures larva, pupa, cocoon, 9 
 imago and ^ and 9 antennse ; habits and seasons of larvae. 
 
 957. [Riley, C. V.] Stag-beetle. < Prairie Farmer, 25 May, 1867, 
 [r. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 348. S.-b. No. 2, p. 72. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Barrier; habits of Lucanus elaphus. 
 
108 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 958. [KiLEY, C. v.] The Curculio. < Prairie Farmer, 1 June, 1867, 
 
 [v. 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 368. S.b. No. 2, p. 73. 
 Successful results from the use of macliiues for destroyiug Conotrachelus 
 nenuphar; this insect hibernates in the imago state. 
 
 959. Riley, C. V. Fifteen-spotted ladybird. <Prairie Farmer, 8 
 
 June, 1867, [v. 35j, n. s., v. 19, p. 381. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. B. Kuowlton ; food, variable coloration of imago, 
 and usefulness of Mysia \^Anatis'\ 15-2)uiictata. 
 
 960. Riley, C. V. Cherry Aphis. <Prairie Farmer, 8 June, 1867, [v. 
 
 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 381. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Lee ; habits, ravages of and means against Myzus 
 cerasi. 
 
 961. Riley, C. V. Tree-cricket. <Prairie Farmer, 8 June, 1867, [v. 
 
 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 381. 
 
 Eggs of CEcavthus niveits deposited in raspberry canes cause the death of the 
 wood above them. 
 
 962. RiLEY", C. V. Apple-tree borer. <Prairie Farmer, 8 June, 1867, 
 
 [v. 35], n. s., V. 19, p. 381. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. B. Campbell ; commends D. B. Wiers remedy against 
 the apple-tree borer; Saperda hinttata [= Candida'] goes through its trans- 
 formations in two years, though commonly believed to require three years. 
 
 963. Riley, C.V. Insects affecting apple-tree roots. < Prairie Farmer, 
 
 15 June, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 397. S.-b. Ko. 2, p. 100. 
 
 Letter from O. B. Galusha,*with answer; descriptions of yi)ung and mature 
 wingless individuals of the root-iuhabiting form, Pemphigus pyri, of Schiso- 
 neura lanigera; habits, seasons, and reproduction of this form; its gall- 
 making and means against it ; description of larva of Cecidomyia species 
 found with the lice ; and of larva and imago of Myceiophila persica [n. 
 sp. ?]; seasons of the latter; larva of Saperda calcarata bores in roots of 
 apple; larva of Helops micans feeds on decaying apples; Julus [Spirobolus'] 
 marginatus infested with Gamasus juloides. 
 
 964. Riley, C. V. A chapter on cut- worms. <Prairie Farmer, 22 
 
 June, 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, pp. 413-414, 7 tigs. S.-b. No. 2, 
 pp. 79-80. 
 Extract from J. Townley's "Do cut- worms destroy tree bucls ? ". Buds of 
 fruit trees destroyed by the larv;B of Agrotidida' ; other ravages and means 
 against the same; descriptions of the larxiP, of Agi-otis suhgothica [=J. 
 herilis and A. tricosa'], A. telifera [^ A. ypsilon], and Celama 1= Hadena] 
 renigera; description of A. cocliranis n. sp. [^ J. messoria]; figures larva 
 and imago of A. cochranis, A. telifera, and CeUena renigera; and imago of ^. 
 subgothica; habits, seasons, and vernacular names of Agrotididw. 
 
 965. [Riley, 0. V.] Strawberry-worm. <Prairie Farmer, 22 June, 
 
 1867, [v. 35], n. s., v. 19, p. 414. S.-b. No. 2, p. 80. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. R. Whitney ; geographical distribution of Em- 
 2}hytus 1= Harp i})!! or US'] maculafus. 
 
 966. Riley, C. V. Insects stripping the bur-oak. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 13 July, 1867, [v. 36], u. s., v. 20, ]). 21. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answer to iuquiry of A. B.Price; Imhits of LacJuiosterna jnlosicollis [_= tristis.'] 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 109 
 
 9G7. Riley, C. V. Borers. <Prairie Fanner, 13 July, 18G7, [v. 3G], u. 
 s., V. 20, p. 21. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answor to iuquiry of J. Wentworth ; means agaiust ClytuN I— Cyllene'] robi- 
 nin- aud Xyhutes l;=Cosnus'\ robiniiv. 
 
 9G8. KiLEV, C. V. Potato-beetle. <Prairie Fanner, i;'> July, 18G7, 
 [v. 3GJ, n. s., V. 20, p. 21. S.-b. No. 2, pj). 81-82. 
 
 Auswer to inquiries of J. L. W. and G. L. Merriwetber ; Donjphoru \Q-Uneata 
 throe-brooded ; its occurrence at Sbipnian, 111. 
 
 9G0. [IviLEY, C. v.] Smith's patent Curculio trap. <Prairie Farmer, 
 13 July, 1867, [v. 3GJ, n. s., v. 20, p. 21. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 Communication from N. C. Coffman, with reply; condemns J. Smith's Cnr- 
 culio trap. 
 
 970. EiLEY, C. V. [Aphis rihis.] <Prairie Farmer, 3 August, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], u. s., V. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. J. Eckbart; means against Mtjzus ribis. 
 
 971. KiLEY, C. Y. Mantis Carolina. <; Prairie Farmer, 3 August, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], n. s., V. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answer to communication of J. H. GraTes; vggsoi Mantin [= I'hasmomanti>i'\ 
 Carolina found in Ogle County, 111. 
 
 972. RiLEY, C. V. Lappet caterpillars on tbo apple. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 3 August, 1867, [v. 36|, n. s., v. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answer to communication of Perkins and Congdon ; description of the larva, 
 pupa, cocoon, and imago of Gastropacha [= Tolype'] velleda. 
 
 973. Riley, C. V. Apple-bark lice on pears. < Prairie Farmer, 3 Au- 
 
 gust, 1867, [v. 36], n. s., v. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Mytilaspis pomicorticis l=vomorum'\ on the fruit of pear-trees; said to occur 
 on currants, plum, and black oak. 
 
 974. Riley, C. V. Currant bush borer. <Prairie Farmer, 3 August, 
 
 1867, [v. 36], u. s., V. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. B. Kinne; habits, description, and means against 
 J^germ tipnliformis. 
 
 975. Riley, C. V. Apple-leaf crumpler. <Prairie Farmer, 3 August, 
 
 1867, [v. 36], n. s„ v. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Clock; habits and means against Phycita nebulo 
 [^^croftasjs indiginella']. 
 
 976. Riley, C. V. Tomato-stalk borer. <Prairie Farmer, 3 August, 
 
 1867, [v. 36], n. s., v. 20, p. 69. S.-b. No. 2, p. 81. 
 Answer to inquiry of O. G. Xevins; food-plants of Gortyna nitela. 
 
 977. Riley, C. V. A few errors corrected. <Wisc. Farmer, 17 Au- 
 
 gust, 1867. S.-b. No. 2, p. 83. 
 Habits of Doryphora lO-Uneata and of Carpocapsa pomoneUa . 
 
 978. Riley, C. V. Curculio. <Prairie Farmer, 7 September, 1867, [v. 
 
 36], n. s., V. 20, p. 148. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Shearer; means against VonofrachcJuH nenuphar. 
 
 979. Riley, C. V. Hop- vine caterpillars. < Prairie Farmer, 7 Septem- 
 
 ber, 1867, [v. 36], n. s., v. 20, i). 148. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 Communication from J. H. Graves, with answer ; Mantis {^ PhanmomantlH^ 
 Carolina breeds as far north as Ogle County, HI. Description ot larva aud 
 imago of Hy pen a humuli l = >tcabra] ; means against it. 
 
110 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 980. EiLEY, C. V. Wheat- worms. < Prairie Farmer, 7 September, 
 
 1867, [v. 36], n. s., v. 1>0, p. 148. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 Coinmuuicatiou from C. Campbell, with answer; description of larva and 
 imago and babiis of Fyralis [^:=z Asopia'] farinalis ; ravages of Teiiebrio tnoli- 
 toy; means against both species. 
 
 981. RiLEY', C. V. [Koot- borer.] <Prairie Farmer, 7 September, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], u. s., V. 20, p. 148. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 Communication from S. T. Kelsey, with answer; ravages of au unknown 
 cerambycid larva which destroys the roots of various plants. 
 
 982. Riley, G. V. Bark-lice on the pear. <Prairie Farmer, 7 Septem- 
 
 ber, 1867, [v. 36], n. s., v. 20, p. 148. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 
 Letter from T. D. Plumb, with answer; MytUaspis pomicortich [^^=pomori(m'\ 
 lives on fruit of pear and crab-apple; the scale a secretion; extent of in- 
 juries caused by this insect. 
 
 983. Riley, C. V. A imisauce made useful. <Prairie Farmer, 7 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1867, [v. 36], ij. s., V. 20, p. 148. S.-b. No. 2, p. 82. 
 Means against Doryphora 10-lineata discredited. 
 
 984. Riley, C. V. Strawberry leaf- roller. < Prairie Farmer, 5 Oc- 
 
 tober, 1867, [v. 36], u. s., V. 20, p. 212. S.-b. No. 2, p. 100. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of N. R. Strong; Anchylopera {^= Fhoxopteris'] fraguricB 
 injures strawberry leaves; larvie of Selandria \_— Monostegia} ronw also eat 
 leaves of the strawberry. 
 
 985. Riley, C. V. False caterpillars on the pine. < Prairie Farmer, 
 
 5 October, 1867, [v. 36], u. s., v. 20, p. 212. S.-b. No. 2, p. 101. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller ; habits and description of Lophyrns lecontei. 
 
 986. Riley, C. V. An unknown worm. <Prairie Farmer, 5 October, 
 
 1867, [v. 36; u. s., V. 20, p. 212. S.-b, No. 2, p. 101. 
 Extract from Beaver Dam Citizen, with comments ; habits and description of 
 Eristalis sp. 
 
 987. [Riley, C. V.] Bark-louse. <Prairie Farmer, 19 October, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], n. s., V. 20, p. — . S.-b. No. 2, p. 75. 
 Benzine and soap as a means against bark-lice. 
 
 988. [Riley, G. V.] Editorial excursion to the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 <Prairie Farmer, 7 December, 1867, [v. 36], ii. s., v. 20, pp. 353- 
 354. S.-b. No. 2, pp. 112-113. 
 List of plants, insects, and mammals observed. 
 
 989. Riley, G. V. Bark-lice. <Prairie Farmer, 21 December, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], u. s., V. 20, p. 389. S.-b. No. 2, p. 112. 
 Answer to inquiries of G. Backster and J. C. Cobbey ; means against Mytilas- 
 pis jjoinicorticis 1=: j)omorum'\. 
 
 990. Riley, G. V. Root Aphis. <Prairie Farmer, 21 December, 1867, 
 
 [v. 36], n. s., V. 20, p. 389. S.-b. No. 2, p. 112. 
 Answer to inc^uiry of .1. M. Jordan ; means against the root and stem forms of 
 Schizoiieura lanU/era. 
 
 991. [Riley, G. V.] The Golorado potato-beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 21 
 
 December, 1867, [v. 36], n. s., v. 20, p. 389. S.-b. No. 2, p. 112. 
 
 Conmiunications from C. W. Murtfeldt asserting the jjossessiou of poisonous 
 qualities by the larvie of Doryplwra 10-lineata. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. Ill 
 
 992. Riley, C. V. Cut-wonu. Fall and spiiii-i- plowiiit;. <Moore'8 
 
 Rural New Yorker, , 18G7. S.-b. No. 2, p. 94. 
 
 Criticism of article by Ajjricola. 
 
 993. RiLEY, C. V. Eiitoinology. <Prairic Farmer Aimual [No. 1 for 
 
 18G8], 1867, pp. 53-39, tigs. S.-b. No. 2, i)p. 125-12G ; No. U, 
 pp. 21C-219. 
 Descriptions aud figures of larva, pupa, and imago of Coptocjicla L = t'a'<*irfa] 
 hh-ittata ; habits, seasons, aud means against it ; list of Caxxididw injurious 
 to sweet-potato. Descriptions of larva, nidus, aud inuigo of Denmia inucu- 
 lali'i, lig;ires pupa ; habits aud seasons of aud means agaiust it. Figures 
 Colaspin Jlarida; describes its supposed habits. Food-plants of Ilvliothix 
 arm'ujera. Figures larva and imago oi' Gortj/uu iiitvht; its food-plants, 
 seasons, aud hibernation. Figureslarvaandimagoof H(?io?/M«^j/i/o,</ojj/ia,«/Mw; 
 synonymy, geographical distribution, and means against it; remarks on the 
 balauce of nature. B^igures larva, pupa, cocoon, aud imago of Asopla cur- 
 tails; its sj'uonymy aud ravages. 
 
 994. KiLEY, C. V. Bark lice. <Prairie Farmer, 15 February, 1868, 
 
 [v. 37], n. s., V. 21, p. 100. S.-b. No. 2, p. 118. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Hawkins; natural limitation and parasites of Myti- 
 laspis jmmicorticis l^pomornm']; it attacks healthy aud unhealthy trees; 
 means against it; experience with washes. 
 
 995. Riley, C. V. Potato beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 22 February, 1868, 
 
 [v. 37], n. s., V. 21, p. 117. S.-b. No. 2, p. 119; No. 3, p] 58. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. T. Moore; invention of a machine for killing Dory- 
 pkora 10-Uneata; hand-picking and heavy mulching the most available 
 remedies. 
 
 996. Riley, C. V. Apple-tree plant-lice. <Prairie Farmer, 22 Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1868, [v. 37J, n. s., v. 21, p. 117. S.-b. No. 2, p. 119 ; No. 
 3, p. 58. 
 Letter from L. M., with answer; habits of and meaos against Aphis mali. 
 
 997. Riley, C. V. Apple-root blight. <Prairie Farmer, 22 Febru- 
 
 ary, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 117. S. b. No. 2, p. 119 ; No. 3, 
 p. 58. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. S. J. ; Schizoucura lanigcra not the cause of "rotten 
 root." 
 
 998. Riley, C. V. Apple leaf- crum pier. <Prairie Farmer, 22 Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1868, fv. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 117. S.-p. No. 2, p. 119 ; No. 
 3, p. ij'6. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Pearson ; means against Phycita nibiilo [= Acro- 
 basis indUjintUa'\. 
 
 999. Riley, C. V. Tree-cricket. <Prairie Farmer, 14 March, 1868, 
 
 [v. 37], u. s., V. 21, p. 164. S.-b. No. 2, p. 120; No. 3, p. 58. 
 
 Letter from J. J. Huggins, with answer; place of ovipositiou of (Kianlhua 
 niveus; list of plants in which this species oviposits. 
 1000. RiLEY', C. V. Egg-masses and cocoons on apple-trees. <Prairie 
 Farmer, 14 March, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 164. S.-b. No. 2, 
 p. 120; No. 3, p. 58. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of a correspondent; description of egg-ma.s.sisand of larva 
 of Orgyia leucostujma ; beueticial influence and means of encouraging para- 
 sites. 
 
112 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1001. EiLEY, C. V. Hop insects; Hop Aphis. <Prairie Farmer, 21 
 
 March, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 184. S.-b. No. 3, p. 58. 
 Brief account of and means against Hypena humuli {^^=scabra'\ and Phorodon 
 humuli. 
 
 1002. EiLEY, C V. Supposed eggs of the preying Mantis. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 28 March, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, 
 p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. Graves; cocoons of Bhogas sp. attached in a mass 
 to twigs of an apple-tree. 
 
 1003. Riley, G. V. Oak tree borer. < Prairie Farmer, 28 March, 
 
 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 
 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of E. G. Mygatt ; habits and food-plants of Xylentes 
 [ := Co8sus'\ robini(e ; means against it. 
 
 1004. Kiley, C V. Maple-bark lice. <Prairie Farmer, 28 March, 
 
 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 201. S.b. No. 2, p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 
 59. 
 
 Lecanium sp. found on twigs of sugar-maple. 
 
 1005. Riley, C. V. Eggsof the katydid. < Prairie Farmer, 28 March, 
 
 1868, [v. 37], II. s., V. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 
 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Colwell ; habits and food-plants of Flatyphyllum 
 [:= Cyrtophyllus'] voncarus. 
 
 1006. Riley, C. V. Eggs of tree-cricket in raspberry canes. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 28 March, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, 
 p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 59. 
 
 Letter from E. T. Nelson, with answer; oviposition of (Ecanthus niveus in 
 raspberry canes; means against this insect. 
 
 1007. Riley, C.V. Bark-lice. <Prairie Farmer, 28 March, 1868, [v. 37], 
 
 n. s., V. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 59. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. D. Robinson ; means against Myiilaspis pomicortids 
 \_=zpomorum'\. 
 
 1008. Riley, C. V. Bark-lice again ; the native species. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 28 March, 1868, [v. 37], u. s., v. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, 
 p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 59. 
 Letter from N. Coleman, with answer ; comparative characters of Mytilaspia 
 pomicortids \^^^pomoi-mn~\ and Biaspis hariisii \_:=Chionaspis furfuru8'\; 
 food-plants of the latter. 
 
 1009. Riley, C. V. Dahlia- stalk borer. <Prairie Farmer, 28 March, 
 
 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, p. 121; No. 3, p. 59. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. M. Wierman ; means against Goriyna nitela. 
 
 1010. Riley, C. V. • Apple-worm. <Prairie Farmer, 28 March, 1868, 
 
 [v. 37], n. s., V. 21, p. 201. S.-b. No. 2, p. 121 ; No. 3, p. 59. 
 Answer to communication of S. J. C. ; Carpocapsa pomonella hibernates as a 
 larva within the cocoon. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 113 
 
 1011. Riley, C. V. False caterpillars on the Scotch and Austrian pines. 
 
 <Prairie Farmer, 2 May, 1868, [v. HI], n. s.,21, p. 285, tig. 
 Description and figures of larva, cocoon and imago, and of male antenna of 
 Lophi/rits leconfei; food-plants and babits of larva; value of technical 
 science. 
 
 1012. RiLET, C. V. Prevention of bark-lice. <Prairie Farmer, 9 May, 
 
 1868, \v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 301. S.-b. No. 3, ]). 60. 
 Means against Mi/tUaspiK po>nicortici>i{^=pomorum'\iin(l Pbycita iiebulol= Acro- 
 banis indiginella']; tiginc of the latter. 
 
 1013. RiLEY, C. V. Beetles in stomach ot meadow-lark. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 9 May, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 301. S.-b. No. 3, 
 p. 60. 
 
 Fragments of Xottlglossa 1= Oncometopia'} nndata and of Platynun excavatus 
 or P. aruginosus found in the stomach of Sturiiella magna. 
 
 1014. RiLEY, C. V. Beetle on sugar-maple. <Prairie Farmer, 9 May, 
 
 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 301. S.-b. No. 3, p. 60. 
 Ehuria quadrigeminata found under bark of a felled sugar-maple, also on 
 honey-locust. 
 
 1015. Riley, C. V. White worms in wells. <Prairie Farmer, 9 May, 
 
 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 301. S. b. No. 3, p. 60. 
 Fish or frogs placed iu wells will free them from worms. 
 
 1016. Riley, C. V. Tanzy for borers. <Prairie Farmer, 9 May, 1868, 
 
 [v. 37], n. s., V. 21, p. 301. S.-b. No. 3, p. 60. 
 Means against borers in apple- and peach-trees. 
 
 1017. Riley, C. V. Peach-borer. <Prairie Farmer, 9 May, 1868, [v. 
 
 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 301. S.-b. No. 3, p. 60. 
 Refers to articles on means against ^geria [= Satinina'] exitiosa. 
 
 1018. Riley, 0. Y. Black grape-vine caterpillars. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 9 May, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 301. S.-b. No. 3, p. 60. 
 Descriptions of larva and imago of Thyreus abbotii ; the abundance of para- 
 sites prevents serious iujury by the larva. 
 
 1019. Riley, C. V. The potato-beetle. <CuItivator and Country Gen- 
 
 tleman, 21 May, 1868, v. 31, p. 378. • 
 Criticism of article on the " Colorado potato-bug" (Cultivator and Country 
 Gentleman, 23 April, IdGS, p. 309) ; use of hellebore against Doryphora 10- 
 lincata. 
 
 1020. RiLEY% C. V. The May-beetle ; white grub. < Journ. of Agric, 
 
 1868, 4 figs. S.-b. No. 3, p. 10. 
 Habits, food-plants, enemies, and meaus against Lachnoaterna quercina 
 [ = /usca]; figures the larva, pupa, and imago of the same. 
 
 1021. RiLEY, C. V. Canker-worm. <Colman'8 Rural World, 1868. 
 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 16. 
 Habits of and means against Auisopteryx 1= Paleacrita] vcrnata. 
 
 1022. RiLEY, C. V. The apple-worm or codling-moth. <Colmau's 
 
 Rural World, 18(J8, tig. S. b. No. 3, j). 16. 
 Seasons of and meaus against Carpocapsa poviontUa ; figures all stages except 
 egg. 
 
 8 ENT 
 
114 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1023. Riley, C. V. Remedy for the apple-borer. <Colraau"s Rural 
 
 World, 1868. S.-b. No. 3, p. 16. 
 
 Means against Saperda hivUtata [^=candida']. 
 
 1024. Riley, C. V. Grape-vine hoppers. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 1868. S. b. No. 3, p. 16. 
 Tettigonia coagulata injurious to leaves of grape-vines. 
 
 1025. Riley, C. V. Thousand-legged worm. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 1868. S.-b. No. 3, p. 16. 
 
 Habits of Julus 1= Spirobolus'] marginatus. 
 
 1026. Riley, C. V. Honey-locust seed-weevil. <Prairie Farmer, 20 
 
 June, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 397. S.-b. No. 3, p. 59. 
 Habits, description ot, and means against Spermopliagus rohinm. 
 
 1027. Riley, 0. V. Potato-beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 20 June, 1868, 
 
 [v. 37], n. s., V. 21, p. 397. S.-b. No. 3, p. 59. 
 Natural history of and means against Doryphora 10-lineata. 
 
 1028. Riley, C. V. Large moth on apple-tree. <Prairie Farmer, 27 
 
 June, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 410. S.-b. No. 3, p. 60. 
 The larva of Attacus cecropia spins its cocoon on apple and other trees. 
 
 1029. RiLEY% C. V. Will unimpregnated eggs hatch? <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, .27 June, 1868, [v. 37], n. s., v. 21, p. 410. S.-b. No. 3, 
 p. 60. 
 
 Remarks upon the statement by H. D.. of Champaign, 111., concerning the 
 hatching of unimpregnated eggs of Attacus cecropia ; mentions the families 
 and genera of insects iu which parthenogenesis occurs. 
 
 1030. [Riley,. C. v.] Wire-worms: Experiments in killing. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 27 June, 1868, [v. 37], u. s., v. 21, p. 410. S.-b. No. 3, 
 p. 60. ^ 
 
 Effect of several liquid preparations upon the larvae of "Elateiida^ immersed 
 in them ; corn soaked in turpentine grew unmolested by wire-worms. 
 
 1031. [RiLEY", C. v.] [Pear-slug and currant-worm.] <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 27 June, 1868, [v. 37], u. s., v. 21, p. 410. S.-b., No. 3, p. 60. 
 Means against Selandria \_=^ Eriocamjja'] cerasi and Nematus rentricosus \^=^ri- 
 he8ii'\. 
 
 1032. Riley, C. V. What becomes of bumble-bees? <Cultivator and 
 
 Country Gentleman, 2 July, 1868, v. 32, p. 18. 
 Answer to Anna's "Bumble-bees;" only the queens of Bomhus survive the 
 winter; new colonies formed by hibernated queens. 
 
 1033. KiLEY, C. V. Large gray straight-horned snout-beetle. <Prai- 
 
 rie Farmer, 4 July, 1868, [v. 38], u. s., v. 22, p. 2-3, figs. S.b. 
 No. 3, pp. 31, 56. 
 Descriptions and figures of larva and imago of Ithycerus noveboracensis ; method 
 of oviposition; injuries to apple, oak, and other trees. 
 
 1034. Riley, C. V. The seventeen-year Cicada. <Prairie Farmer, 4 
 
 July, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 2. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 31, 56. 
 
 Dates and localities of occurrences of Cicada [= Tibiceni septendecim ', occur- 
 rence of C. [=: T.] tredmm in Misvsouri. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 115 
 
 1035. Riley, C. V. Raspberry canes dying. <Prairie Farmer, 11 July, 
 
 18G8, [v. 38], u. s., V. 22, p. 10, 1 tig. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 31, 50. 
 Answer to iuquiry of J, A. Jackson ; death of raspberry canes diHciiHsed; in 
 this case not the result of injury by insects. 
 
 1036. Riley, C. V. Bag-worms. <Prairie Farmer, 11 July, 18U8, 
 
 [v. 38], n. 8., V. 22, p. 10. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 31, 56. 
 
 Letter from B. B. Warfield, with answer; habits, food-plants, and means 
 against Thyridopterijx ejihemerdformis; description of the female. 
 
 1037. Riley, C. V. Oak and rose galls. <Prairie Farmer, 11 July, 
 
 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 10. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 31, 32, 56. 
 Answer to inqniry of F. H. G.; descriptions of galls and imagos of Cijmps 
 [:=zz Uhodites'\ bicolor on rose and of Cynips 1=^ Andricun'] ><€mi»aior on white 
 oak; occurrence of Cicada [= Tibicen} neptcndecim in Michigan. 
 
 1038. Riley, C. V. Apple-borer and root Aphis. < Prairie Farmer, 11 
 
 July, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 10. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 32, 56. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. > olwell ; ravages of Saperda biiittata [^Candida} 
 and of Schizoneura lanifjera. 
 
 1039. Riley, C. V. Evergreen plant-lice. <Prairie Farmer, 11 July, 
 
 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 10. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 32, 56. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Cochrane; balsam fir injured by Lachnua strobiV, 
 means against it. 
 
 1040. Riley, C. V. Bark-lice again. <Prairie Farmer, 18 July, 1888, 
 
 [v. 38], n. s., V. 22, p. 18, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 34, 54. 
 Answer to inquiries of J. Hodgeson, S. D., J. Sutherland, and J. H. G. ; de- 
 scriptions and figures of the scales of Mytilaspis pomicoriicis \_ = pomorum^ 
 and Diaspis harrisii [=r Chionaspia furfurun'\. 
 
 1041. Riley, C. V. Larvae of grape- vine flea-beetle. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 18 July, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 18. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 34, 54. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. A. Pettingil ; leaves of grape-vine eaten by larv;e of 
 Haltica chalybca ; description of larva; habits and means against it. 
 
 1042. [Riley, C. Y.J A corn Curculio <Prairie Farmer, 25 July, 1868, 
 
 [v. 38], n. s., V. 22, p. 26. S.-b. No. 3, p. 33. 
 Communication from L. V. Smith, with answer; seasons and ravagesof Sphe- 
 nophorus scul2)liUs. 
 
 1043. Riley, C. V. Ephemera flies ; a hard story. < Prairie Farmer, 
 
 15 August, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 50. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 36, 57. 
 Extract from Peoria (111.) Transcript, with letter of J. Cochrane, of Havana, 
 111. ; notes on the above ; appearance of swarms of I'alingenia [-- Hexage- 
 Mia] bilineala in Illinois and of other may-flies in Europe; life-history of 
 Ephemerida . 
 
 1044. Riley, C. V. Driving potato-beetles. < Prairie Farmer, 15 Au- 
 
 gust, 1868, [v. 38],.n.'s., v. 22, p. 50. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 36. 
 
 Doryphora lO-Uneata can not be driven; MacrobasiH unkolor can; care should 
 be taken in sending the former through the nuiil, so as not to increase its 
 distribution. 
 
 1045. Riley, C. V. Gregarious walnut caterpillar. < Prairie Farmer, 
 
 15 August, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 50. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 36, 57. 
 
 Answer to iuijuiry of " a subscriber;" leaves of walnut destroyed by larv* 
 of Datana ministra ; habits and means against the same. 
 
116 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1046. Riley, C. V. Bugs on grape-vines. <Prairie Farmer, 15 Au- 
 
 gust, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 50. S.-b. No. 3, p. 36. 
 Letter from J. H. Biugham, with answer; new growth of stems and leaves 
 of grape-vines injured by Corimelwna pulicaria ; means against it. 
 
 1047. Riley, C. V. Corn-worms. <Prairie Farmer, 15 August, 1868, 
 
 [v. 38], n. s., V. 22, p. 50. S.-b. No. 3, p. 36. 
 Letter from E. Daggy, with answer; injury to maize by an undescribed spe- 
 cies of Hadenaf. 
 
 1048. Riley, C. V, Large worm on apple-tree. <Prairie Farmer, 15 
 
 August, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 50. S.-b. No. 3, p. 36. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Devore ; description of Papilio turnus, 9 , form 
 glaucus, which pupated on trunk of apple-tree. 
 
 1049. Riley, C. V. White-pine trees killed by borers. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 26 September, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 98. 
 
 1050. Riley, C. V. Swarms of butterflies. <Prtnrie Farmer, 26 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 98. 
 
 1051. Riley, C. V. Worms feeding on tbe hawthorn. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 26 September, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 98. 
 
 1052. Riley, C. V. Twig borers, sack-bearers, etc. <Prairie Farmer. 
 
 19 December, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 194. 
 
 1053. Riley, C. V. Oil beetles. <Prairie Farmer, 19 December, 1868, 
 
 [v. 38], n. s., V. 22, p. 194. 
 
 1054. Riley, C. V. Apple-tree caterpillars. <Prairie Farmer, 19 De- 
 
 cember, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 194. 
 
 1055. Riley, C. V. Twigs punctured by periodical Cicada. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 19 December, 1868, [v. 38], n. s., v. 22, p. 194. 
 
 1056. Riley, C. V. Reportof committee on entomology. <Trans. 111. 
 
 Hortic. Soc. for 1867, 1868, n. s., v. 1, pp. 105-107, figs. 1-8. 
 Criticism of previous reports; effect of cold on Aphis mall; distribution, 
 food-plants, and means against Dorijphora 10 liiieata; distinctions between 
 D. 10-lineata and D. juncta; ravages of Lytta [=^Epicatita'] vlttata, L. 
 [ = £. ] cinerea, and L. alrata [= E. penrisylvamca'l on potato, and L. [= Pom- 
 phopoea'] wiiea on fruit-trees; means against them; ravages of Haltica 
 \^= Crepidodera'] cucumeris on potato; habits, ravages, and specific charac- 
 ters of Cassididw found on sweet potato; Saperda bivittata \^=^ca)ididu'\ bi- 
 ennial ; history and development of Mytilaspis pGmicorticis \^=pomomin'\ ; 
 its food-plants, supposed hermaphroditism [parthenogenesis] and mode of 
 production of scale of this species; difficulty of explaining the jiroduction 
 of galls; habits, characters, food-plants, and ravages of Conotrachelus 
 nenuphar, Carpocapsa pomonella, Heliothis armigera, Gorti/na nitela, Mamestra 
 picta, Procris [ = ifarj'is/«a] americana, Selandria vitis [^= Blennocampa 
 pygma'a'], Darapsa {^= Ampelophaga myron, and Desmia macula'is; notes on 
 other insects injurious to grape, apple, and wheat, and on Myceiophila per- 
 sica, Emphytusl=Hatpiphoriis'\ maeulatus, Jgroiift [^= Hadena'] devastatrix, 
 and Hadena juncta ; note on recent writings by the author. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 117 
 
 1057. KiLEY, C. V. Eutomology. <Prairie Farmer Annual [No. 2 
 
 for 18G9], 18G8, pp. 30-41, 6 figs. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 220-22G. 
 Directions for collecting and preserving insects; descriiitions of apparatus 
 and cabinets ; means against cabinet pests ; descriptions and tiguresofall 
 stages, except egg, of LophijruH abbotii and /.. lecontet; habits and food- 
 plants of and means against both species ; figures of eggs, pupa, and imago 
 of Cicada [=Ti7)ice.H] Kepicndecim and of twig punctured by imago; dates 
 and localities of occurrence of this species and of C. [=?'.] tredecim; C. 
 {_= T. ] cansiiiii a form of this insect ; figures larva, i)Ui)arium, and imago of 
 Cephalemijia [ = (Estrus'\ ovih ; habits and ravages of and means against it ; 
 imago viviparous in the nostrils of sheep. 
 
 1058. EiLEY, C. y. The American Merorayza, Meromyza americana, 
 
 Fitch. Attacking- wheat just before it ripens. <Moore's Rural 
 New Yorker, 30 January, 1869, v. 20, p. 71, fig. S.-b. No. 3, 
 p. 83. 
 
 Habits and ravages of Meromyza americana ; figures larva, pupa, and injured 
 stalk of wheat; related European species have similar habits; remedies 
 and natural enemies. 
 
 1059. EiLEY, C. V. First annual report on the noxious, beneficial, 
 
 and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State 
 
 Board of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this 
 
 purpose from the legislature of the State. <4th Ann. Kept. 
 
 State Board of Agric. for 1808, March, 1869, pp. 182-187, 98 
 
 figs. Separate: <JeflFerson City, Mo., March, 1869, pp. 182- 
 
 187, 2 pL, 98 figs. Notice : <Amer. Eut., April, 1869, v. 1, p. 
 
 165. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Introductory 3 
 
 noxious insects. 
 
 The bark-lice of the apple-tree 7 
 
 Two species known to occur in the United States, 7 — Harris's bark- 
 louse not numerous enough to do material damage, 7. 
 The oyster-shell bark-louse, Mytilanpis pomorum 7 
 
 Diftexence in the scales of the two species, 7 — Introduction of the 
 oyster-shell bark-louse from Europe and its spread in the United 
 States, 8 — Precautionary measures to prevent its introduction 
 into Missouri, 8— Its habits studied by diflerent observers in 
 1867, 9 — Seasonal notes on the development of the insect, 10 — 
 Only one annual brood in Missouri, 12— Formation and nature of 
 the scale, 12— Rare occurrence of males, 14— Difference of opinion 
 among observers as to the mode of growth of the scale, 14 — Diffi- 
 culty of explaining the spread of the insect from one tree to 
 another, 15 — Its occurrence upon other kinds of trees, 15 — Nat- 
 ural enemies, IG— Artificial remedies, IG— Examination of young 
 trees before planting, IG— Washing with alkalies, etc., 17— Scrub- 
 bing the branches with a stiff brush, 17— Fumigating, 17— Appli- 
 cation of sheep-manure, 17— Washes in general ineffective, 17— 
 The insect can most successfully be fought during three or four 
 days of the year only, 18. 
 
118 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1059, Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 The periodical Cicada, Tibicen septendecim , 18 
 
 Its singular life history, 18 — Seventeen and thirteen year races, 
 19 — The two races not distinct species, 19 — Two distinct forma 
 occurring in both broods, 20 — Season of their appearance and 
 disappearance, 22 — Natural history and transformations, 22 — 
 Elevated chambers of the pupa, 22 — The larvae frequently occur- 
 ring at great depth in the ground, 24 — The operation of emerging 
 from the jiupa, 24 — Only the males are capable of singing, 24 — 
 Trees in which the females deposit their eggs, 24 — Mode of ovi- 
 position, 24 — The newly hatched larva, 25 — The W on the wings 
 of the Cicada, 25 — Enemies, 26— Fungus infesting the imago, 
 26 — The sting of the Cicada, 26 — Wide-spread fear of the insect 
 on account of its supposed stinging powers, 26 — Explanations of 
 the sting, 27 — Injury caused by the insect, 29 — by the larva, 29 — 
 by the imago, 29 — Fruitless attempts to stop the injury, 30 — Chro- 
 nological table of all well-ascertained broods in the United States, 
 30 — The insect will appear during the next 17 years somewhere 
 in the United States every year except in 1873, 41 — Number of 
 broods that will appear in the next 17 years in the ditferent 
 States, 42. 
 
 Apple-tree borers 42 
 
 The round-headed apple-tree borer, Saperda Candida 42 
 
 It is more numerous in trees on high land than on low ground, 
 42 — Extent of its injury, 43 — Its larva, 43 — Appearance of the 
 imago, 43 — The hole made by the young larva, 44 — It remains 
 nearly three years in the larva state, 44 — Its pupa state, 44 — 
 Remedies, 45 — Alkaline washes, 45 — Killing the larva by hot 
 water, 45 — Cutting out the larva, 46. 
 
 The flat-headed apple-tree borer, Chrf/soiothria femorata 46 
 
 Diiferences between it and the foregoing species, 46 — Habits of the 
 beetle, 47— Amount of injury caused by it, 47 — Parasite attacking 
 it, 47 — Remedies, 47. , 
 
 The peach borer, Sannina exitiosa 47 
 
 Its nature, 47 — Differences in the sexes, 48 — Remedies, 48 — The 
 mounding system the best remedy, 48 — Testimony as to the 
 value of the mounding system, 48 — Other remedies, 49. 
 
 The plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar 50 
 
 Difference of opinion among authors on some points in its natural 
 history, 50 — Reasons for this difference of opinion, 51 — Facts in 
 its natural history, 52 — It causes the spread of the peach-rot, 52 — 
 Fruit trees attacked and those not attacked by it, 53 — It may 
 hibernate as larva or pupa, but does generally as imago, 53 — 
 Mode of egg-laying, 54 — It has one annual brood, 55 — Walsh's 
 experiments to show that it is two-brooded, 55 — Natural reme- 
 dies, 56— No parasites known to infest it, 56 — Enemies, 57; The 
 Pennsylvania soldier-beetle and its larva, 57; Lacewing-larva, 
 57; The subangular ground-beetle, 58; Ground-beetle larva, 
 probably of the Pennsylvania ground-beetle, 59— Hogs as Cur- 
 culio destroyers, 59 — Artificial remedies, 60 — Jarring the trees 
 the most effectual method, 60 — Dr. Hull's Curculio catcher, 60 — 
 Lessons for the fruit-grower from the account of the Curculio, 62. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OV ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 119 
 
 1059. Riley, C. V.— Coutimied. 
 
 The codling moth ok atplk worm, Carpocapsa pomoneUa G'2 
 
 It is coiniiiun wbcii-vfr apples are yrowii, {\2 — Description of the 
 iusect in it8 tliffereut states, G3 — Its life-history, 6:?— Other fruits 
 attacked by it, G4 — Remedies, ()"> — Pickiuff up the fallen fruit, 
 65 — Entrapping the worms the best remedy, 6G — Trimble's hay 
 band system and how to apply it, GG — Attracting the moth by 
 fires, 67. 
 
 CUT-WOKMS G7 
 
 The natural history of twelve distinct species, 67 — DeSnitiou of 
 the term "cut-worm," 67 — Habits of cut-worms, 67 — Their nat- 
 ural bistory briefly given, 68 — Difficulty of breeding them in 
 captivity, 69 — Climbing cut-worms, 69 — Injury done by them to 
 orchards, 69 — Fruit trees and shrubs they attack, 70 — They at- 
 tack large trees, 71. 
 
 The variegated cut- worm, Agrotis nauc'ui 72 
 
 The full-grown larva, 72 — The eggs, 72 — Habits of the larva, 72 — 
 Cut-worm moths deposit their eggs on the leaves and not on the 
 ground, 73 — The imago, 73 — Description of the insect as larva, 
 pupa, and imago, 74. 
 
 The dark sided cut- worm, Agrotis messoria 74 
 
 General characters of the larva, 74 — Habits of, and injury done by 
 it, 75 — Description of imago, 75; of the larva and chrysalis, 7G. 
 
 The climbing cut- worm, Agrotis scandeun 76 
 
 Injury done by the larva, 77 — General characters of the larva, 77 , 
 of the moth, 78 — Description of the larva, 78; of the imago, 78. 
 
 The w-marked cut-worm, Agrotis clandestina 79 
 
 General characters of the larva, 79 — Plants it attacks, 79 — Char- 
 acters of the moth, 79 — Description of the larva and chrysalis, 79. 
 
 The greasy cut- worm, Agrotis ypsilon 80 
 
 The larva very variable in coloration, 80 — Its injury to tomato aud 
 tobacco plants, 80 — General characters of the moth, 80 — Descrip- 
 tion of larva, chrysalis, and imago, 81. 
 
 The western striped cut-worm, Agrotis herilis 81 
 
 Resemblance of its larva to that of the corn rustic, 81 — General 
 characters of the worm and moth, 82 — Description of the larva. 
 82. 
 
 The dingy cut-worm, Agrotis subgothica 82 
 
 DiflFerence between it and the foregoing species, 82 — General char- 
 acters of pupa and imago, )^2— At least three species of onr cut- 
 worms are difficult to distinguish, 83— Description of larva, chrys- 
 alis, and imago, 83. 
 
 The glassy cut- worm, Hadena devastatrix 83 
 
 Habits and general characteristics of the larva, 8;i— Characteris- 
 tics of the moth, 84— Description of larva and chrysalis, 84. 
 
 The speckled cut-worm, Hadena suhjunrta 84 
 
 Characteristics and habits of the insect, 84— Description of larva, 
 chrysalis, and imago, 85. 
 
 The small white bristly cut-worm, Hadena renigera 
 
 Habits of the worm, HG— Characteristics of the moth, 8G— Descrip- 
 tion of larva, chrysalis, and imago, 86. 
 
 Other cut- worms 
 
 Fitch's account of the corn cut-worm and the yellow-headed cnt- 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 worm, 8/. 
 The wheat cut-worm 
 
 Injury caused by it, 87 — Description of the larva, 88. 
 
 87 
 
120 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1059. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Cut-worms — Continued. 
 
 Remedies against cut- worms 89 
 
 Natural enemies, 89; Microgaster militaris, 89; Paniscus geminatus, 
 89; The spined soldier-bug, 89; The cut-worm lion, 89 — Other 
 enemies,' 90 — Artificial remedies for climbing cut-worms, 90; for 
 common field cut- worms, 91. 
 
 Insects infesting the potato 91 
 
 General remarks, 91 — Number of species affecting the potato, 92. 
 The stalk-borer, Gortyna nitela 92 
 
 Habits of the larva and imago, 92 — Remedy, 93. 
 The potato stalk- weevil, Trichobaris trinotata 93 
 
 Its geographical distribution, 93 — Its habits, 93 — Remedy, 95. 
 
 The potato- or tomato-worm, Protoparce celeus 95 
 
 ' It can not sting with its horn, 95 — Its chrysalis, 95 — How the 
 imago differs from the tobacco- worm moth, 95 — Remedies and 
 parasites, 96. 
 
 Blister-beetles, Meloidce 97 
 
 The striped blister-beetle, 96 — The ash-gray blister-beetle, 97 — 
 The black-rat blister-beetle, 98 — The black blister-beetle, 98 — 
 The margined blister-beetle, 98 — Synouymical remarks^ 98 — 
 Remedies for blister-beetles, 99. 
 
 The three-lined leaf-beetle, Lema frilineata 99 
 
 Merdigerous habit of the larva, 99 — It has two annual broods, 
 100— Other notes on the habits of the insect, 100. 
 
 The cucumber flea-beetle, Crepidodera cucumeris 101 
 
 The Colorado potato-beetle, Dori/phora lO-Uneata 101 
 
 Its past history and future progress, 101 — Its native home, 101 — Its 
 gradual spread eastward, 102 — Its confusion with the bogus Colo- 
 rado potato-beetle, 103 — How the two species differ in habits, 
 104 ; in their larval states, 104 ; in tbe egg state, 105 — Descrip- 
 tion of the larva of Dorypliora juncta, 106 — Differences in the 
 imagos of the two species, 106 — Habits of the Colorado potato- 
 beetle, 107— When it appears and disappears, 107 — Number of 
 eggs laid by each female, 107 — Food-plants, 107 — Singular fact 
 that D. juncta has not acquired the habit of attacking the potato, 
 108 — Natural remedies, 109 — Complicated economy of nature, 
 109 — Decrease in the number of potato-beetles on account of in- 
 crease in the number of parasites, 109 — The Colorado potato-bee- 
 tle parasite. 111 — Its general character and habits. 111 — Descrip- 
 tion of Lydella doryphorw, 111 — Lady-birds and their larvje, 
 112 — The spined soldier-bug, 113 — The common squash-bug, erro- 
 neously considered an enemy of the potato-beetle, 113 — The bor- 
 dered soldier-bug, 114 — The many banded robber, 114 — The ra- 
 pacious soldier-bug, 114 — The Virginia tiger-beetle, 115 — The 
 fiery ground-beetle, 115— Blister-beetles, 115— The larvse not 
 touched by fowl, 115 — Artificial remedies, 116 — Ineffectiveness 
 of mixtures tried, 116— Killing the beetle early in spring, lie- 
 Pincers for crushing the insect, 116 — Benson's machine, 116 — 
 Proper choice of varieties of potatoes, 117 — The pest will over- 
 run the Eastern States, 117 — Carelessness in transmitting speci- 
 meus of the beetle, 117. 
 
 \ 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 1 L* 1 
 
 1059. KiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 TiiK APPI.E-ROOT I'LAST-hOVSK, Schhoneura loHigcra 118 
 
 Thieo distiuct kinds of rots ail'ectinj^ tln^ roots of apple-trees, 
 118 — The root-louso the cause of one of these rots, 118 — Tlio cause 
 of the other rots still hidden, 119 — The root-louse especially in- 
 jurious iu southerly latitudes, 119 — It occurs also on other parts 
 of the tree besides the root, 120 — Description of the winged louse, 
 120 — Fitch's description of the winged form refers to another 
 species, I'^O — The root-louse belongs to the genus Erionoma, 
 121 — Natural enemies, 121 ; Chalcis-Hy, 121 ; ihe root-louse Syr- 
 phus-dy, 121 ; ScymtiuH cervicalis, 122 — Artificial remedies, 123. 
 
 The woolly elm trkk louse, Schhonctira rileyi 123 
 
 Its general appearance and habits, 123 — Description of the winged 
 form, 124. 
 
 Insects ixjukioits to the c.kape-vixe 124 
 
 The new grape-root borer, Prionun laticoUis 124 
 
 Reports on the damage caused by it, 124 — Description of the larva, 
 12G — It belongs probably to the cylindrical Orthosoma, 126 — 
 Former accounts of the natural history of this beetle, 127 — Its 
 injury known for several years, 127 — Remedies, 128. 
 
 The grape curculio, Craponius inwqualis 128 
 
 Nature of the damage done by it, 128 — Its larva, 128 — The perfect 
 beetle, 129 — No iujury done by it in 1868, 129. 
 
 The grape-seed Curculio, laosoma vitis 129 
 
 General appearance of the maggot, 129 — Mr. S.aunders' account of 
 the damage done by it, 130. 
 
 The grape-caue gall Curculio, Ampeloglypter .sesostris 131 
 
 The gall caused by it, 131 — The larva, 131 — Its transformation, 
 i31 — Description of the beetle, 132 — Differences between it and a 
 closely allied species, 132 — The gall caused by the punctures of 
 the female beetle, 132 — Remedy, 132. 
 
 The grape-vine Fidia, Fidia viticida 132 
 
 It is very injurious in Missouri, 132 — Habits of the beetle, 132 — 
 Remedies, 133. 
 
 The grape fruit-worm, Etidemis hofrana 133 
 
 Amount and extent of the injury caused by it, 133— Characteristics 
 of the larva, 134— Transformations, 134 — Description of larva, 
 chrysalis, and imago, 135 — Remedies, 135. 
 
 The eight- spotted forester, Ahjpia H-macuUita 1^56 
 
 Characteristics of the larva, 136— It is not numerous enough to 
 cause serious iujury, 136 — Other caterpillars resembling it, 136. 
 
 The grape-vine plume, Oxyptilus perisceUdactylus 137 
 
 Work of the larva, 137— Its habits and characteristics. 137— The 
 moth, 137— Remedy, 138. 
 
 The snowy tree-cricket, (Evanthua nireus 138 
 
 Characteristics of the insects, 138— It is injurious. 138— Nature of 
 the iujury caused by it, 138 — Remedy, 139. 
 
 The ua.spherky CtF.omktfai, Synchlm-a mbiforaria ••'9 
 
 Habits of the larva, 139— Parasite attacking it, 139— Characteris- 
 tics of the moth. 139— Description of the larva, 139 : of the imago, 
 140. 
 
 The gooseheury fkl'IT-WORM, Daknnna convohitella 140 
 
 Accounts of the injury caused by it, 140— Habits of the worm, 140— 
 The moth, 141— Remedies, 141— Description of larva, chrysalis, 
 and imago, 141. 
 
122 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1059. Riley, C. V.^Continued. 
 
 The strawberry leaf-roller, Phoxopteris fragarice 142 
 
 Extent and nature of the damage caused by it, 142 — Habits of the 
 insect, 142 — Accounts of its injury in Indiana and Illinois, 142 — 
 Remedy, 143— Description ot the imago and larva, 143. 
 
 The white-marked tussock-moth,* Orgyia leucostigma 144 
 
 The egg-mass, 144 — The larva and larval changes, 144 — The full- 
 grown larva, 145 — Habits of the larva, 145 — Mode of casting ofl" 
 the larval skin, 145 — The cocoon, 146 — The imago, 146— Two an- 
 nual broods, 146 — F'ood-plants, 146 — Remedies, 147. 
 The bag-worm, alias basket-worm, alias Drop-worm, Thyridopteryx 
 
 ephtnuiriformxs - 147 
 
 Its geographical distribution, 148— Injury caused by it, 148 — The . 
 egg, 148 — The Iai*va and its growth, 148 — Habits of the larva, 
 149— The chrysalis, 149 — The sex distinguishable in the chrysa- 
 lis state, 149— The imago, 149— Food-plants, 150 — Parasites, 150 ; 
 Cryptus inquiaitor, 150; Hemiteles thyridopterygis, n. sp., 150 — 
 Remedies, 151. 
 
 The ailanthus-worm, (Eta punctella 151 
 
 Injury done to the Ailanthus tree, 151 — Habits of the larva, 151 — 
 The chrysalis, 151 — Tbe imago, 152 — Geographical distribution, 
 152 — Remedy, 152 — Description of larva and chrysalis, 152 ; of 
 the imago, 153. 
 
 The walnut Tortrix, Cacwcia rileyana , 153 
 
 Habits of the larva, 153 — General appearance of the moth, 153 — 
 Phjtophagic form of the insect on suowberry, 153 — Description 
 of larva, chrysalis, and imago, 154; of the variety symphoricarpi, 
 154. 
 
 The seed-corn maggot, Anthomyia zeas 154 
 
 Accounts of damage caused by it, 154 — The maggot, 155 — Trans- 
 formation, 155 — Description of the imago, 155 — Remedy, 155 — 
 Habits of Anthomyia larvie, 156. 
 
 The white grub, Lachnosterna fasca 156 
 
 Account of the damage caused by it, 156 — Injury done by the per- 
 fect insect, 157 — R6sume of its life-history, 157 — Remedies, 157 — 
 Regularity in the ajipearauce of the beetle, 158 — Accounts of the 
 fungus infesting the white grub, 158. 
 
 The American Meromyza, Meromyza amerieana 159 
 
 Nature of the damage caused by it, 159 — Characteristics of larva, 
 chrysalis, and imago, 160 — European Diptera with similar habits, 
 160— Remedies, 161. 
 
 The sheep bot-fly or head-maggot, (Estrus ovis 161 
 
 The insect in its different states, 161 — Its larva, 162 — Pupa, 162 — 
 Characteristics of the imago, 162 — Fatal results of the presence 
 of the maggot in the head of the sheep, 163 — Rabbits attacked 
 by gad-fly, 164 — Testimony regarding the viviparous habits of 
 the bot-fly, 164 — Remedies, 165. 
 
 Insect enemies of the honey-bee 166 
 
 The bee-moth or wax- worm, GaUtria cereana 166 
 
 General appearance of the moth, 166 — There are no moth-proof 
 bee-hives, 166 — Habits of the worm, 167 — How its presence in the 
 hive may be recognized, 167 — Prevention and remedy, 167. 
 
 * Reprint: <Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 14 May, le74, v. 39, pp. 310-311, 
 3 figs. 
 
HIHLIOGRAPHV OK ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 12.') 
 
 1059. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Insect k.nkmiks of thk hoxkv-bf.e— Continued. 
 The bee-killiT, ProtnaclniH (tpivoru8 • 1G8 
 
 It is an Asilul lly, 1(•,^;_M^. Thompson's account of tho fly, 168— 
 How it captures and kills bees, 168— No remedy known, 168. 
 
 BENKFICIAL INSKCTS. 
 
 The KEAK-IIOKSE, (iUtts CAMEL-CRICKET, alian OEVIL's KlDING-HOnSE, 
 
 riiasmomauytH caroHna 169 
 
 Its food, 16'.)— IIow it grasps its prey, 169— Difl'ereuce in the sexes, 
 ITO — The hirva, 170— The e<r<r-niass, 170— Tho mode of egg-lay- 
 ing, 170— Voracious disposition of the Mantis. 171 — Its beneficial 
 influence, 171 — Trachina parasite of the Mantis, 171. 
 
 IXXOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The Solidago gall-motu, (ielechia gaUasolidaginis 173 
 
 Gall caused by Trjiptla HoVulagims, 173 — Gall produced by the Soli- 
 dago gall-moth, 173- Its natural history, 173— Provision of the 
 larva for its protection within the gall, 174— Previous account of 
 the gall, 174 — Gall caused by Cochylis hilurana on ArtcmiHia cam- 
 pcstris, 175— Description of the Solidago gall-moth as larva, 
 chrysalis, and imago, 17.")— Parasites attacking it, 17."); the in- 
 flating chalcis, 176; Eurntnmn holtirl, n. sp., 176; Hemitelen (1) 
 cressonii, n. sp., 177; Microgaster gelech'uv, n. sp., 177; other 
 parasites, 178 — Oberea larvae intruding in the gall, 178. 
 
 The chickweed [=kxotweei)] Geometer, Hn-matopin grataria 179 
 
 Its natural history, 179 — De.^scription of larva and chrysalis, 179. 
 
 The thistle plcme, Platyptilus carduidactijlm 180 
 
 Work of its larva on thistle- heads. 180 — Description of the larva, 
 chrysalis, and imago, 180. 
 
 1060. EiLEY, C. y. Eggs of the Mantis or rear-horse <Moore's 
 Rural New Yorker, 10 Ai)ril, 1869, v. 20, p. 234, 2 tigs. S.-b. 
 No. 3, p. 52. 
 
 Answer to iqquiry of T. C. Bartle; description of Mantis [^z Phasmomaiilix] 
 Carolina; its food, habits, oviposition, and ])ara8ites : ligiires its egg-ma.sses 
 and those of rhyUoptera l.hnhlycorypha'] ohloiigi/oHa. 
 
 1001. Riley, C.V. Native barii-lice ou apple-trees. <Prairie Farmer, 
 17 April, 1800, [v. .39], n. s., v. 23, p. 122, 1 tig. S.-b. No. .3, p. 
 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. B. Gardner ; life history of and means against Dias- 
 pix liarriHii [= Chionasjnx /ur/iiniH] ; figure of the same. 
 
 1062. Riley, C.V. Curculio. <Prairie Farmer, 17 April, 1807, | v. 39 1, 
 n. s., V. 23, p. 122. S.-b. No. .3, p. 57. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of .Tames Weed; habitsof and ituans ;it;:iinst ('onotrncheliiH 
 nenuphar. 
 
 106.3. Riley, C. V. Cherry-tree borers. < Prairie Farmer, 17 April, 
 1869, [v. 39], u. s., V. 23, p. 122. S.-b. No. 3, p. 57. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Onargo Horticultural Society; larvie of Buprentis 
 l=Dircera'\ divaricata and of Trochilinni sp., injurious to cherry-trees ; soft- 
 maple attacked by T. {=.-Egeria'\ arerni; means against these insects. 
 
124 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1064. EiLEY, C. Y. White-grub fnngus. <Prairie Farmer, 15 May, 
 
 1860, [v. 39], n. s., v. 23, p. 154. S.-b. No. 3, p. 76. 
 Letter from D: W. Tindall, with answer; ravages of LaoJinosterna quercina 
 [=/Msca] in Gliuton County, Mo., in 1868; Torrubia growing on the larvae 
 in 1869. 
 
 1065. Riley, C. V. The canker-worm, Anisopteryx vernata Peck. 
 
 <Moore's Eural New Yorker, 29 May, 1869, v. 20, p. 345, figs. 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 73. 
 Description, figures, and natural history of canker-worms ; the two species 
 are confounded. 
 
 1066. RiLEY", G. Y. The seed-corn maggot, Anthomyia zeas^ Riley. 
 
 Destroying the seed after it is planted. <Moore's Rural New 
 Yorker, June, 1869, fig. S.-b. No. 3, p. 81. Advance print, with 
 changes : <lst Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., March, 1869, pp. 
 154-156, figs. 86-87. 
 See No. 1059 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1067. RiLEY, 0. Y. Cherry-tree plant-lice. <Moore's Rural New 
 
 Yorker, 10 July, 1869, v. 20, p. 443. S.-b. No. 3, p. 83. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. J. Magee ; means against Aphis [=^ Mtjzus'\ cerasi. 
 
 1068. Riley, C. Y. Gooseberry span-worms. <Moore's Rural New 
 
 Yorker, 10 July, 1869, v. 20, p. 443. S.-b. No. 3, p. 83. 
 
 Letter from A. Yancey, with answer; occurrence oi Eufitcliiaribearia in Iowa; 
 habits and means against it; habits of and influence of weather on Blissus 
 leucopterus ; bcarcity of Doryphora 10-lineata in Iowa. 
 
 1009. Riley, G. Y. Ai^ple-leafcrumpler mistaken for Gurculio. <Prai- 
 rie Farmer, 10 July, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 218, fig. 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 80. 
 Letter from B. T. Taylor ; improper use of the word Cnrculio ; figures larva- 
 case and imago of Phycita vebulo [= Acroiasis indiginella']; means against 
 it ; outline figure of Conotrachclus nenuphar. 
 
 1070. Riley, C. Y. Peach-tree borer. <Prairie Farmer, 10 July, 
 
 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 218. S.-b. No. 3, p. 80. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Allen ; habits of and means against JEgeria [=zSan- 
 nina'\ exitiosa. 
 
 1071. Riley, G. Y. To protect plums from Gurculio. ^.Prairie Farmer, 
 
 10 July, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 218. S.-b. No. 3, p. 80. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. H. S. ; recommends the collection of the imago of 
 ConotracheluH nenuphar by jarring. 
 
 1072. Riley, G. Y. White-grub; information wanted. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 28 August, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 274, 4 figs. 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 95. 
 Letter from A. T. V., with answer ; habits of and means against Lachnosterna 
 quercina [_=fu8ea'] ; figures of larva and imago. 
 
 1073. Riley, G. Y. Unknown corn pest. <Prairie Farmer, 28 Au- 
 
 gust, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 274. S.-b. No. 3, p. 95. 
 Letter from E. B. Hickey, with answer ; ravages of cut-worms and of an un- 
 known pest on maize; brief descriptiou and habits of the latter. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 125 
 
 1074. Riley, C. V. Larva of the grape vine flea-beetle. <Moore'8 
 
 liural New Yorker, 28 August, 1800, v. 20, p. 5.~)5. S.-b. No. 
 3, pp. 100, 103. 
 Auswer to inquiry of D. D. Voaburgh ; habits, ravafjes, and means against 
 Graptodera [^ Ifaltica'] chalybea. t 
 
 1075. Riley, C. V. Rose bug. < Moore's Rural New Yorker, 28 Au- 
 
 gust, 1869, v. 20, p. 555. S.-b. No. 3, pp. 100, 103. 
 Answer to inquiry of a subscriber; description of iiiiaj;o, transformations of 
 and means against MacrodactyluH nubspinosiix. 
 
 1070. Riley, C. V. Large greeu caterpillar ou the apple. <Moore's 
 Rural New Yorker, 28 August, 1809, v. 20, p. o3o. S.-b. No. 
 3, p. 100. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. E. A. Palmer ; descriptions of larva and imago of 
 Attacus cecropia ; its habits and seasons. 
 
 1077. Riley, C. Y. Couical galls on leaves of wild grape-vine. 
 
 < Moore's Rural New Yorker, 28 August, 1809, v. 20, p. 555. 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 100. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. McClaine; description of galls of Cecidomyia vitis- 
 riticola; characters of the larvae of Cecidomyia. 
 
 1078. Riley, C. V. A strange bug. <Moore's Rural New Yorker, 28 
 
 August, 1809, V. 20, p. 555. S. b. No. 3, p. 100; No. 4, p. 3. 
 The insects described in North Carolina's " A strange bug," were probably 
 Psocus venosus; habits of the genns lumens. 
 
 1079. Riley, C. V. Currant-worms and black-currants. <Moore's 
 
 Rural New Yorker, 28 August, 1809, v. 20, p. 555. S.b. No. 3, 
 p. 100; No. 4, p. 3. 
 
 Critical review of Addi on currant- worms; in North America three species 
 of larvw feed ou the leaves of currants, and two species of borers live within 
 the stem. 
 
 1080. Riley, C. V. Curculio. <Moore's Rural New Yorker, 28 Au- 
 
 gust, 1809, V. 20, p. 555. S.-b. No. 3, p. 100; No. 4, p. 3. 
 
 Commendation of an editorial criticism of Northwest's article on the Cur- 
 culio. 
 
 1081. [Riley, C. V.] Insects injurious to the grape- vine. [No. 1.] 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1809, v. 1, pp. 231-234, figs. 109-173. 
 Reprint, with slight changes: <2d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., 
 March, 1870, pp. 87-91, figs. 00-03. 
 
 Treats of Prionns laticollis and P. imhricorni-s. See Xo. ll'27 for synojisis of 
 contents. 
 
 1082. [RiLEY%0. Y.] Insects infesting the sweet-potato. <Ai!i('r. Ent., 
 
 August, 1809, v. 1, pp. 234-238, figs. 174-181. Reprint, with 
 slight changes: <2d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., March, 1870, 
 pp. 56-04, figs. 20-38. 
 Treats of tortoise-beetles, Cassidida: See No. 1127 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1083. Riley, C. V. The borers. <Western Rural, September, 1869. 
 
 S.-b. No. 4, p. 2. 
 
 Means against .Eyeria cuciirhiUr [== ^felittia eeto]. 
 
126 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1084. EiLEY, C. V. Supposed bark- lice eggs in Missouri. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 4 September, 1809, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 282. S.-b. No. 
 3, p. 95. 
 
 Letter from J. Reed, with answer ; eggs of a moth mistaken for those of 
 Mytilaspis pomicorticis \_=pomonim'\; the latter nuknowu in Missouri. 
 
 1085. EiLEY, C. Y. New York weevil ou apple-trees. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 4 September, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 282, 3 figs. S.-b. No. 3, 
 p. 95. 
 
 Letter fromR. M. Guy, with answer; figures of larva and imago, description 
 of imago, geographical distribution, methods of oviposition, food-plants, 
 and means against Ithycerus noveboracensis. 
 
 1086. [EiLEY, C. Y.] Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 2. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September-October, 1869, v. 2, pp. 22-24, figs. 12-16. Re- 
 print, with slight changes. <2d Ann. Kept. State Ent. Mo., 
 March, 1870, pp. 71-73, figs. 44-48. 
 Treats of Chwrocampa pampinatrix [=^ Ampelophaga myron~\; see No. 1127 for 
 synopsis of contents. 
 
 1087. Riley, C. Y. Larva of the imperial moth. <Prairie Farmer, 9 
 
 October, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 322. S.-b. No. 3, p. 92. 
 Letter of C. IJ. Thayer, with auswer; description of larva, pupa, and imago 
 of Ceratocampa [=^Eacles'] imperialis; food-plants of the same and of C. 
 [=Ct///ero«(a] rcjiitlis. 
 
 1088. Riley, C.V. Apple snout-beetle or four-humped Curculio. <Prai- 
 
 rie Farmer, 9 October, 1869, [v. 40], n. s., v. 24, p. 322. S.-b. No. 
 3, p. 92. 
 
 Letter from R. W. Gandy, with answer : habits and description of Anthono- 
 mus^quadrigibbus ; recommends jarring. 
 
 1089. Biley, C. Y. That veuomous potato-worm ! <Moore's Rural 
 
 New Yorker, 20 November, 1869, v. 20, p. — . S.-b. No. 3, pp. 
 107; 112. 
 
 Critical review of several recent articles upon tomatt)- worms ; structure and 
 harmlessness of larva-, o( SpMngidw; geographical distribution of Sphinx 
 l^ Protoparce'\ Carolina and <S'. quinquemaculata [=/*. celeus]. 
 
 1090. [Riley, C. Y.] The bag-worm, alias basket-worm, alias drop- 
 
 worm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraformis, Haw. <Amer. Ent., No- 
 vember, 1869, V. 2, pp. 35-38, fig. 24. 
 Geographical distribution, fooii-plants, seasons, tranaformations, parasites, 
 copulation, and oviposition of and means against Thyridopteryx ephemerw- 
 formis; figures and descriptions of larva., larva-cases, pupa, and imago; 
 description of eggs ; abodes constructed by insects. 
 
 1091. [Riley, C.Y.] Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 3. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., November, 1869, v. 2, pp. 54-55, figs. 33-35. Reprint, 
 with slight changes. <2d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., March, 
 1870, pp. 74-76, figs. 49-51. 
 Treats of Philampelus achemon; see No. 1127 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1092. Riley, C. Y. The saddle-back caterpillar. <Moore's Rural New 
 
 Yorker, 4 December, 1869, v. 20, p. _, fig. S.-b. No. 3, p. 103. 
 
 Letters from A. W. Baker and G. T. Cost, with answer ; figures and charac- 
 terization of the larva of Eit^pretia siimulea; food-plants, urtlcating prop- 
 erties, and transformations ; description of the imago. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 127 
 
 1093. KiLEY, 0. V. The seventeen-year Cicada. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 ISGl). S.-b. No. 3, p. 55. 
 
 Answer to cominunicatioii of W. J. B., coucerning Cicada [ = Tibicen ] nrpten- 
 decim. 
 
 1094. Riley, C. V. Death of a ben. <Rural New Yorker, 1809, 
 
 fig. S.-b. No. 3, p. 75. 
 
 Occurrence of GoniocoUn hologaater in {^reat numbi-rs on iilicn ; niouns a<'aiu8t 
 the same; tigure of it. 
 
 1095. Riley, C. V. Cut-worm eggs. <Prairie Farmer, 1809. 
 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 81. 
 
 Habita and place of ovipositiou of Agroiis inermia [;= aaucia} ; description of 
 it8 eggs and larvie. 
 
 1096. Riley, C. V. Potato bugs. <Prairie Farmer, 1869. 
 
 S.-b. No. 3, p. 81. 
 
 Means against Doryphora lO-lineata. 
 
 1097. RiLEY^C.V. That glow-worm. <Cultivator and Country Gen- 
 
 tleman, 6 January, 1870, v. 35, p. 5, fig. S.-b. No. 4, p. 23. 
 Reprint: <Amer. Ent., October, 1880, v. 3, n. s,, v. 1, p. 254, 
 tig. 
 Figures larva and imago of Photnris penusylvamca ; VhotinuH piiralix also lu- 
 minous in larval and adult stages ; comparison with Lampyris noclUuca. 
 
 1098. [RiLEY", C. v.] In memoriam. <Amer. Ent., December, 1869- 
 
 January, 1870, v. 2, i)p. 65-68. 
 Biographical and obituary notice of B. D. Walsh. 
 
 1099. [RiLEY, C. v.] The harlecjuiu cabbage-bug, Strachia histrioniea, 
 
 Hahu. <Amer. Ent., December, lS69-January, 1870, v. 2, pp. 
 79-80, fig. 56. 
 Enumeration of the enemies of the cabbage in the United States; methods 
 of their iujurj'; importation and spread of some species; figures of the 
 imago ; description of eggs, habits, geographical distribution, seasons, and 
 odors of Strachia 1= Murffa)itia'\ Idslrionica; extract from G. Lincecum's 
 "Texan cabbage-bug." 
 
 1100. [RiLEY, C. V.J An entomologist caught napping. <Anier. Ent., 
 
 December, 1869-January, 1870, v. 2, p. 84. 
 Criticism of the view that trees, grasses, or any other particular forms of 
 vegetation are the natural coverings of the earth ; this criticism applied 
 especially to John Curtis. 
 
 1101. [RiLEY, C. v.] Poisonous qualities of the Colorado i)otato bug. 
 
 <Anier. Ent., December, 1809-January, 1S70, v. 2, pp. 85-SO. 
 Extract from " Winona Republican," with remarks ujiou the poisonous nature 
 of the blood of Doryphora 10-lineata. 
 
 1102. [Riley, C. V.J Insects injurious to the grape-viue. No. 4. 
 
 <Amer. Ent , December, 1869-Jaiuuiry, 1870, v. 2, pp. S!>-9(>, 
 figs. 58-59. Reprint, with slight changes: <2d Ann. Jtept. 
 State Ent. Mo., .March, 1870, pp. 70-78, figs. 52-53. 
 Treats of r/ij/om^dH.t saMlitia \_ = pandoras]; see No, ir-'7 for synopsia of 
 coQteuta. 
 
128 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1103. |EiLEY, C. V.| Toads vs. bugs. <Amer. Ent., December, 1869- 
 
 January, 1870, v. 2, p. 91. 
 Translation of extracts from Fogt's "Noxious aud beneticial animals; " exist- 
 ence of a commerce in toads between France aud England ; usefulness, 
 tameness, and gratitude of toads. 
 
 1104. [Riley, C. V.J The tomato-worm again. <Amer. Ent., Decem- 
 
 ber, 1869- January, 1870, v. 2, pp. 91-92. 
 Reprint, with comments, of article entitled "The tomato-worm," from Syra- 
 cuse Standard ; absurd nature of newspaper accounts of insects. 
 
 1105. [Riley, C. Y.] Mr. Walsh's successor. <Amer. Ent., December, 
 
 1869-January, 1870, v. 2, pp. 92-93. 
 Condition in which B. D. Walsh left the ofiBce of State Entomologist of 
 Illinois at his death ; plans of his intended second report ; provisions for 
 the preparation of the same and the filling of the office. 
 
 1106. [RiLEY", C. V.J To our subscribers. <Amer. Eut., December, 
 
 1860-January, 1870, v. 2, p. 93. 
 Proposed change in the character of the American Entomplogist. 
 
 1107. [RiLEY', C. V.J The Walsh entomological collection. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., December, 1869-January, 1870, v. 2, pp. 93-94., 
 
 Statement of the conditions under which the Walsh collection of insects Is 
 to be sold ; expression of preferences in regard to its disposition ; extent 
 aud method of preservation of the collection. 
 
 1108. [RiLEY, C. V.J A State entomologist for Minnesota. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., December, 1869-January, 1870, v. 2, p. 94. 
 Commendation of resolutions passed by the Minnesota State Horticultural 
 Society recommending tbe appointment of a state entomologist ; promo- 
 tion of entomological studies by appropriations from the several States. 
 
 1109. RiLEY', C. V. [Field for the entomologist in the South.J < Amer. 
 
 Ent., V. 2, December, 1869-January, 1870, p. 94 ; February, 
 1870, p. 121. 
 
 Extent and novelty of entomological work in the southern United States; 
 J. P. Stelle at work in this field. 
 
 1110. [RiLEY, C. V.J On our table. <Amer. Ent., December, 1869- 
 
 January, 1870, V. 2, pp. 95, 96. 
 Notices of J. T. C. Ratzeburg's works on "Forest trees" and "Weeds of 
 Germany and Switzerland." 
 
 1111. [Riley, C. V.J Information wanted. <Amer. Ent., December, 
 
 1869-January, 1870, v. 2, p. 96. 
 Answertoinquiry of M. A. Kendall; hahits o{ Xylocojya Carolina [= ro'jf/wica], 
 Uhyssa \j=Tlialessa\ lunator, and Spectrum \^=^ Diapheromera'\ femorata. 
 
 1112. IRiLEY", C. V.J The Cecropia moth, Attacus cecrojna, Linn. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., February, 1870, v. 2, pp. 97-102, fig. 59 [bisJ-67. 
 Descriptions aud figures of larva, cocoon and imago of Attacus cecropia ; 
 figure of pupa; descriptions of egg and of young larva at its several 
 stages; nomenclature, food-plants, aud parasites; its value as a silk-worm ; 
 figures aud descriptions of Opidon macrurum, Exorista cecropioj n. sp., and 
 Chalcis [= Sjjilochalcis'i marice n. sp. ; figui-e of larva of Ophion macrurum and 
 of cocoons of Cryptusnuvcius; habits of these parasites; Exorista cecropia} 
 considered a variety of E. militaris l=Nemoi'(ea leucania'']. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 129 
 
 1113. Riley, C. V. Report of the committee on entomology. Read 
 
 . . . before the Missouri State IlorticuUural Society. < A.mer. 
 Ent., February, 1870, v. 2, pp. lOG-109. Reprint : <2d Ann. 
 Rept. State Eut. Mo.. March, 1870, pp. 5-8, 13-15. 
 
 See No. ir27 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1114. [Riley, C. V.J Silk-worm eggs. <Amer. Eut., February, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 109. 
 
 Seveuty-eijjbt packages of silk-worm eggs, valued at $.-^00 per package and 
 weighing two tons, shipped from Yokohama to France via California and 
 the Pacific Railroad. 
 
 1115. Riley, C. V. Imported insects and native American insects. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., February, 1870, v. 2, \)p. 110-112, tig. 72-75. 
 Reprint: <2d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., March, 1870, pp. 
 8-12. 
 See No. 1127 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 111(3. [RiLEY, C; v.] The trumpet grape-gall, Vitis viticola O. S. 
 <Amer. Eut., February, 1870, v. 2, pp. 113-114, fig. 76. 
 Figure of the gall of Cecidomyia vitis-viticola. C. v.-lituiis a synonym; oc- 
 currence of similar gall in England on Tilia probably caused by mitea. 
 
 1117. [Riley, C. v.] The goat-weed hutter^y, Paphia glyceriumBou- 
 
 bleday. <Amer. Ent., February, 1870, v, 2, pp. 121-123, tigs. 
 81-83. Reprint, with slight changes. <2d Ann. Rept. State 
 Eut. Mo., March, 1870, pp. 124-128, figs. 94-90. 
 See No. 1127 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1118. [Riley, 0. v.] Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 5. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., February, 1870, v. 2, pp. 123-124, fig. 84. Reprint, with 
 slight changes. <2d Ann. Rept. State Eut. Mo., March, 1870, 
 pp. 78-79, fig. 54. 
 Treats of Thyreus abbotii; see No. II27 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1119. [Riley, C. V.] Scorpion in Kansas. <Amer. Ent., February, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 12G. 
 Answer to inquiry of K. Kelsey ; occurreuce of Buthits carolhiianus in Texas, 
 Missouri, and Kansas. 
 
 1120. [Hiley, C. v.] The grain Bruchus of Europe just imported. 
 
 <Anier. Ent., February, 1870, v. 2, pp. 120-127, fig. 85. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller; notice of the recent importation into 
 New York of the European Bruchus granarius; danger of and remedy for 
 such importation; habits and ravages of and means against the beetle iu 
 Europe asdescribed iu J. Curtis's, '"Farm Insects;" tigureof the imago and 
 of infested beans; figures of larva, pupa, and imago of B. pisi and of in- 
 fested pea. 
 
 1121. [Riley, C. V.] Locust borer. <Amer. Ent., February, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, pp. 127-128, figs. 86-89. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. Shaffer ; habits, food-plants, seasons, and ravages 
 of and means against Xyleuteiil= C'o8«««] robiniw; figures larva, impa. aud 
 male and female imagos. 
 9 ENT 
 
130 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1122. [Riley, C. V.] Eggs of snowy tree-cricket on raspberry canes. 
 
 <Amer. Eut., February, 1870, v. 2, p. 128. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Root; oviposition of and means against Qi^canthus 
 niveus. 
 
 1123. [Riley, C. V.] Spotted rove-beetle. <Amer. Ent., February, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 128. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Huggins ; habits of Stajyhylinus mactdosus and of rove- 
 beetles in general. 
 
 1124. [RiLEY', C. v.] Raspberry gouty gall. < Amer. Ent., February, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 128, fig. 90. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. Carpenter; ravages of and means against Agrilus 
 riificoUis ; description and figure of larva. 
 
 1125. [RiLEY, C. v.] Parasitic cocoons. <Amer. Ent, February, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 128, fig. 91. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brackett; figures cocoons and conjectures as to 
 tbe habits of lAlicrojjlitis ceratomice var. aciHOsus'\. 
 
 1126. [Riley, C. V.] The pigeon Tremex in apple. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 February, 1870, y. 2, p. 128. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Huggins; habits and food plants of Tremex columba ' 
 description of imago; Rhyssa 1= Thale8sa'\ lunator destroys the larva. 
 
 1127. Riley, C. V. Second annual report on the noxious, beneficial, 
 
 and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State 
 Board of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this 
 purpose from the legislature of the State. <5th Ann. Kept. 
 State Board of Agric. for 1869, March, 1870, pp. 136 4 6, 99 figs. 
 Separate: < Jefferson City,Mo., March, 1870, pp. 136+6, 99 figs. 
 
 contents. 
 
 Preface 3 
 
 noxious insects. 
 
 Report of the committee on entomology of the State Horti- 
 cultural Society 5 
 
 Noxious insects less injurious in Missouri in 1869 than usual, 5 — 
 The army-worm and the grain plant-louse considerably injurious 
 in Missouri in 1869, 5 — The chinch-bug and the codliug-moth less 
 injurious, 6 — A species of Thrips destroying great numbers of the 
 Curculio, 6 — Eggs of the apple-tree plant-louse destroyed by in- 
 sect foes and birds, 6 — According to Dr. Hull the "scab " in ap- 
 ples is caused by the apple-tree plant-louse, 7 — The jjickle-worm 
 doing great damage during 1869, 7 — Importance of preventing 
 the introduction of injurious insects, 7 — Cultivation causes in- 
 sects to multiply unduly, 8 — More attention paid in Europe to 
 injurious insects than in this country, 8. 
 Imported insects and native American insects 8 
 
 The imported currant-worm much more injurious than the native, 
 8 — Other instances showing the greater destructiveness of im- 
 ported insect enemies than of their native representatives, 9 — Al- 
 most all our worst insect pests and pernicious weeds have been 
 introduced from Europe, 10 — Few American insects and plants 
 have become naturalized in Europe, 11 — The American fauna and 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 131 
 
 1127. KiLEY, C. V. — Continued. 
 
 flora not so highly improved and doveh>pt'd as in Europe, 12— 
 
 Australian fauna still more " old-fashioned " than America, I'J 
 
 Tho parasites of injurious insects aro not imported with the in- 
 sects themselves, 13 — Government aid shouM he solicited to ex- 
 terminate recently imported injurious insects, 13 — But little 
 attention given so far by our Government to assist the study of 
 economic entomology, 14 — Danger of introducing the oyster-shell 
 bark-louse into Missouri, 15 — Immunity of the Pacific States 
 from many of our fruit insects, 15. 
 The ciiinch-bug,* liUssus Icucopterus 15 
 
 It is the most injurious of all insects infesting grain, 1(5— Its past 
 history, 17; it was known in South Carolina in Revolutionary 
 times, 17; it was injurious in Missouri as early as 1854, 17; no- 
 ticed in Illinois in 1S40, 17; it was very injurious in Missouri in 
 1868, 17; but hardly noticed in 1869, 17 — Probable reason why it 
 was not noticed in Missouri in former times, 18 — Why it is not 
 injurious in Massachusetts and New York, 18 — Its natural his- 
 tory, 18 — The pupa state in the diflferent insect orders, 18 — Time 
 required for different insects to complete the cycle of develop- 
 ment, 19 — The chinch-bug is two-brooded in Missouri, 19 — Its 
 winter quarters, 20 — Its rapid multiplication, 20 — Dr. Shimer's 
 account of its nuptial flights, 21 — It deposits the eggs under- 
 ground on the roots of the plant, 21 — The egg, 22 — Dimorphous 
 forms of the chinch-bug, 22 — Its destructive powers, 22 — Account 
 of its appearance in immense numbers, 23 — Heading off the 
 marching bugs by a barrier of pine boards, 23 — Heavy rains de- 
 structive to the chinch-bug, 24 — Moisture injurious to the egg, 
 24 — The chinch-bug is always worse in a dry season than in a wet 
 one, 24 — Dr. Shimer's theory on epidemic disease affecting the 
 chinch-bug, 25 — Cannibal foes of the chinch-bug, 25; several 
 species of ladybirds, 25; the weeping lacewing, 26; how the 
 lacewing larva seizes its prey, 26; the insidious flower-bug, 27; 
 the common quail, 28 — Amount of damage done by the chinch- 
 bug, 28 — Remedies, 28— Burning in winter the old corn-stalks 
 and other dead stuff on and near the fields, 29 — Mixing winter 
 rye among spring wheat, 29 — Intercepting the marching bugs 
 by fence-boards, 29 — Sowing gas-lime, 30 — Other remedies, 30 — 
 Bogus chinch-bugs, 31 — Several species of Heteroptera con- 
 founded with the true chinch-bug, 31 — The smell emitted by the 
 half-winged bugs, 32 — The insidious flower-bug. 32 — The ash- 
 gray leaf-bug and its injury to grape-vines, 33 — The flea-like 
 negro-bug, 33; injury caused by it to raspberry, strawberry, and 
 garden flowers, 34— Two other species of negro-bug, '.ib — Reca- 
 pitulation of the natural history of the chinch-bug, 36. 
 The army-worm, Leucania unipuncta ^ 
 
 Four distiuct caterpillars designated as army-worms in this coun- 
 try, 37. 
 The tent-caterpillar of the forest, Clisiocampa disstria 37 
 
 It can not properly be called an army-worm, 37. 
 The cotton- worm, Alefia xi/lina 37 
 
 Historical data on the injury caused by it, 38 — The egg, :W — The 
 worm and its habits, 39 — Mr. Lyman's incorrect account of its 
 development, 39— The moth and its habits, 40-Its hibernation, 
 40 — Remedies, 41. 
 • Extract in <Rept. State Board Agric, Kansas for l»73-'74, pp. 129-13L 
 
132 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1127. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 The Southern grass-worm, Laphtjgma frugiperda 41 
 
 It resembles iu habits the veritable army-worm, 41. 
 The true array-worm 41 
 
 Its past history, 41 — Rev. Powers's account of its invasion in the New 
 England States in 1770, 42 — Accounts of later invasions previous 
 to 1861, 4;^ — Years of its appearance in Illinois, 43 — The invasion 
 of the year 1861, 44 — Its appearance in Missouri in 1869, 44 — Its 
 sudden appearance and disappearance, 45 — Reason for the ap- 
 parently sudden appearance, 45 — Army-worm years are wet with 
 the preceding year dry, 46— Reason for the increase and decrease 
 of the number of worms, 46— Its natural history, 47 — Previous ac- 
 counts.of its natural history, 47 — When the eggs are laid, 47 — 
 Where they are laid, 48 — Misdirected instinct in insects and 
 birds, 48 — Exceptions to the normal habit of the worm, 48 — Color 
 of the worm, 49 — The chrysalis and imago, 49 — Parasites, 50 ; 
 the red-tailed Tachina-fly, 50 ; its beneficial work, 50 ; it in- 
 fests also other insects, 50 ; Walsh's description of the fly, 51 ; it 
 has been redescribed as Exorista osten sackenii, 51 ; the yellow- 
 tailed Tachina-fly, 51 ; description of the fly, 51; the glassy Me- 
 sochorus, 52; the diminished Pezomachus, 52; the military 
 Microgaster, 52; the purged Ophion, 53; the army-worm Ich- 
 neumon-fly, 53 — Habits of the army-worm and suggestions for 
 its destruction, 53 — Burning grass meadows iu winter or early 
 spring, 54 — Plowing late iu the fall, 54 — The marching of the 
 worms, 54 — Plants they prefer, 54 — They become beneficial by 
 devouring the chess in the fields, 55 — Ditching, 55 — Description 
 of the insect as larva and imago, 56. 
 
 Insects infesting the sweet-potato 56 
 
 Tortoise-beetles 57 
 
 • The clubbed tortoise-beetle affects the Irish potato, 56 — Its gen- 
 
 eral appearance, 57 — Characteristics of tortoise-beetles, 57 — 
 Merdigerous habits of tortoise-beetles and others of the same 
 family, 58 — General appearance of the larvie, 58 — Their dang 
 parasol, 59 — Larval molts, 59 — Egg of tortoise-beetles, 60 — The 
 chrysalis, 60 — Habitsof and injury done by the beetles, 60 — Rem- 
 edies, 61. 
 
 The two-striped sweet-potato beetle, Cassida hlvitlata 61 
 
 It seems to be confined to that plant, 61 — The larva and the use of 
 its fork, 61 — Its j)npa and imago. 61. 
 
 The golden tortoise-beetle, Coptoctjcia aiirichahea .'.. 62 
 
 Food-plants and characteristics of the larva, 62 — Brilliant color of 
 the beetle, 62. 
 
 The pale-thighed tortoise-beetle, Coptocycla aurichalcea 62 
 
 It is hardly distinguished from the foregoing species, 62. 
 
 The mottled tortoise-beetle, Coptocycla guttata 63 
 
 Characteristics of the beetle, 63; of the larva, 63. 
 
 The black-legged tortoise-beetle, Cassida nigripes 63 
 
 Characteristics of the imago and larva, 63. 
 
 The pickle-worm, Eudioplis nitidalis 64 
 
 Other insects infesting cucurbitaceous vines 64 
 
 The squash-borer, 64 — It seems to be confined to the Eastern States, 
 64 — The striped cucumber-beetle, 64 — Injury done by the beetle, 
 64 ; by the larva, 65 — The larva and pupa, 65 — Number of annual 
 generations, 65 — Remedies, 66 — Extent of the injury caused by 
 it, 66 — The 12-spotted Diabrotica, 66. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 133 
 
 1127. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The pickle- worm 67 
 
 Characteristics and description of the worm, 67 — Its habits, 67 — 
 Characteristics of the moth, 68 — Accounts of injury done by the 
 worm in Missouri and Illinois, 69 ; in other portions of the coun- 
 try, 70 — It was not known before as injurious, 70 — Remedy, 70. 
 
 Insects injurious to the grape-vixk 71 
 
 The hog-caterpillar of the vine, Ampelophaija viyron 71 
 
 The egg, 71— Characteristics of the larva, 71 — Its habits when 
 about to transform, 72 — The chrysalis and imago, 72 — It is one- 
 brooded North and two-brooded farther South, 72— It is very in- 
 jurious, 73 — The Microgaster parasite and its development, 73 — 
 Habits of caterpillar infested with the parasite, 73. 
 The acbemou Sphinx, Philamptlus achemoii 74 
 
 Appearance and habits of the larva, 74 — The chrysalis, 75— The 
 insect is single-brooded, 75 — The moth and its issuing from the 
 pupa-shell, 75 — No parasites known, 76. 
 The satellite Sphinx, Philampclitu j)andoru!i 76 
 
 How to distinguish its larva from that of the foregoing species, 76 
 — Development of the larva, 76 — Variations in color of the larva, 
 77 — Its position when at rest, 77 — The moth, 78. 
 The Abbot Sphinx, Thyreits abbotii 78 
 
 Its distribution, 76 — The larva varies much in color, 78 — The chrys- 
 alis and imago, 79. 
 The blue caterpillars of the vine 79 
 
 The eight-spotted forester, Alypia octomacnlata, 80 — Larva pre- 
 viously mistaken for it, 80 — Habits and characteristics of the 
 larva, 80 — Harris's description of the larva, 81 — The moth, 81 — 
 Mr. Andrews's account of its ravages, 81 — Remedies, 82. 
 
 The beautiful wood nymph, Eudri/afi grata, 83 — Characteristics of 
 the moth, 83 — Close resemblance between the larva of this and 
 the foregoing species, 83 — The differences pointed out, 83 — De- 
 velopment of the insect, 83. 
 
 The pearl wood nymph, Eudryas unto, 83— It greatly resembles the 
 beautiful wood nymph, 83 — Its probable larva, 84 — Practical im- 
 portance of distinguishing these closely allied species, 84. 
 The American Procris, Harrisina amerieana 85 
 
 Work of its larva, 85— Description of full-grown larva, 86— The 
 moth, 86— It is not very destructive, 86 — Two annual broods of 
 the insects, 86 — Parasite of the American Procris, 87. 
 The new grape-root borer, Prionus laticollis ^ 
 
 Correction of opinion formerly expressed, 87. 
 
 The broad-necked Prionus, 87— Duration of the larva state, 87— 
 Its transformation, 88 — It bores also in apple roots, 88— Great 
 damage done by the borer, 88 — No good remedy known, 88. 
 
 The tile-horned Prionus, Prionm imbricornis, 89— How it differs 
 from the foregoing, 89— Its occurrence on prairie land, 90— Small 
 dimorphous male form, 90— The larva subsists also upon the 
 roots of herbaceous plants, 90 — Practical considerations, 91. 
 The grape-seed maggot, hosoma vitis ^ 
 
 The grape-seed Curculio larva of the first report is that of a hymen- 
 opterous insect, 92— The perfect insect is closely allied to the 
 joint-worm fly, 92— Mr. Saunders' account and description of the 
 imago, 93. 
 
134 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1127. RiLEY, C. V. — Continued. 
 
 The canker- wo rm, Paleaerita vernata : Anisopteryx pometaria 94 
 
 The .eggs, 94 — The larva and larval changes, 95 — Importance for 
 the orchardists to recognize the true canker-worm, 95 — The im- 
 ported elm leaf-beetle mistaken for it, 95 — Description of the 
 larva, 96 — Its food-plants, 96— The chrysalis, 96— Only one an- 
 nual brood in the latitude of St. Louis, 97 — The moth and its 
 varieties, 97 — It is less injurious in Missouri than in the Eastern 
 States, 97 — Remedies, 98 — Classification of remedies proposed, 
 98— The trough and bandage systems, 99 — Muriate of lime as 
 remedy, 100— Jarring the tree,' 101 — Late fall plowing, 101 — 
 Summer plowing, 102^Efficiency of hogs, 102 — Enemies, 102; 
 birds, mites, and parasites, 102; ground-beetles, 103; the fraternal 
 potter-wasp, 103. 
 
 Cabbage- WORMS 104 
 
 The Southern cabbage butterfly, Pieris protodice 104 
 
 Its geographical range, 104 — Injury caused by it in Missouri, 104 • 
 — Description of the larva, 105 — The chrysalis and imago, 105 — 
 Habits and other food-plants, 105. 
 
 The potherb, butterfly, Pieris olearacea, 105 — It is a Northern spe- 
 cies, 105 — It will very likely never occur in Missouri, 106 — Geo- 
 graphical range of insects principally influenced by temperature, 
 106 — Isentomic lines, 106 — Southern insects found near St. Louis, 
 106. 
 
 The imported cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapce, 106 — Amount of dam- 
 age caused by it in Canada, 107 — Its spread westward, 107 — It 
 will undoubtedly spread to St. Louis, 107 — The insect in Eu- 
 rope, 107 — History of its introduction, 107 — The insect in its dif- 
 ferent stages, 108 — Its food, 108 — Remedies, 109 — Parasites, 109. 
 The cabbage Plusia, Plusia brassica^ 110 
 
 Characteristics and habits of the larva, 110— Its transformations, 
 111 — Remedies, 111 — Description of larva, chrysalis, and imago, 
 111 — A similar worm occurring on thistles, 112. 
 The zebra caterpillar, Mamestra picta 112 
 
 Habits and characteristics of the larva, 112 — The chrysalis and 
 the moth, 113 — Two annual broods, 113 — Food-plants, 113. 
 The tarnished plant-bug, Lygus pratensis 113 
 
 Injury caused by it to various trees and plants, 114 — It is a very 
 variable species, 114 — Its development, 114 — No effective remedy 
 known, 115 — Preventive measures, 115. 
 The philenor swallow-tail, Papilio philenor 116 
 
 Its food-plant, 116 — Damage done by it, 116 — Characteristics and 
 development of the larva, 116 — Description of the larva, 117 — 
 The pupa, 117 — The imago, 117 — Prevention, 118. 
 The COTTONWOOD dagger, Acronycta lepuscidi)ia 119 
 
 General appearance of the larva, 119 — Two annual broods, 119 — 
 Chrysalis and moth, 119 — Larvse of other species belonging to 
 the genus Acronycta, 119 — Parasites, 120 — Description of larva 
 and imago, 120 — Characters and habits of other species of the 
 same genus, 121. 
 The Missouri bee-killer, Proctacanthus viiliertii 121 
 
 The true scienti fie name of the Nebraska bee- killer, 121 — Wing-veins 
 
 of the genera Asilus, Promachtis, and Erax, 122 — Description of 
 
 the Missouri bee-killer, 122— How to destroy the flies, 123 — Habits 
 
 and life-history of Asilus-flies, 123— Description of larva and pupa 
 
 of Erax hastardi (?), 124 — Synonymical notes on the imago, 124. 
 
i;ii;liogkai'iiv of economic EiNTumoluuy. 135 
 
 1127. Riley, C. V.— Coutiiiued. 
 
 INNOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The goat-wekd butterfly, Paphia ghjcerium 125 
 
 Its geographical distiibiuion and positiou in classilication. 12.V— Its 
 food-plaut, 125— Habits of the larva, r26-Larval changes, 126— 
 Conformity in the color of the larva with that of the l.-aves, 
 127— Description of the full-grown larva, 127-Transformation 
 of the larva to chrysalis, 127-The two sexes of the imago, 127— 
 Hibernation, 126. 
 
 The black breeze-fi,y, Tabanus atratus 128 
 
 Breeze-flies beneficial in the larva state, 128— Tormenting power 
 of breeze-flies, 128-Their mode of fligjit, 129-Our knowledge 
 of their larval character and habits, 129— General characters of 
 the larva of the black breeze-fly, 129— It is semi-aquatic, 129— 
 Walsh's description of the larva, 130— Habits and food of the 
 larva, l:}0— Its transformations, 131— Description of the pupa, 
 131— Probable habits of breeze-fly larv* on the Western prai- 
 ries, 132. 
 
 Galls .made by moths 132 
 
 The false lxdigo gall-moth, walahia amorphella 132 
 
 The gall and its structure, 132— Genern.1 appearance of the larva 
 and the moth, 133— Description of larva and imago, 133. 
 
 The misna-Med gall-moth, Euryptychia saligneana 134 
 
 Is it a true gall-maker or an inquiline?, 134— Walsh's description 
 of the larva, 134— Description of the imago, 134— Generic char- 
 acters, 134— Reasons why the insect is an intruder and not a gall- 
 maker, 134— Enumeration of the known gall-making moths, 135 — 
 How the gall is formed, 135. 
 
 1128. [RiLSY, C. v.] Mr. Walsh's portrait. <Amer. Ent., March, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 129. 
 
 Remarks accompanying the portrait of B. D. Walsh : resolutions passed on 
 the death of Walsh by the London branch of the Entomological Society of 
 Ontario ; by the American Entomological Society, the Illinois State Horti- 
 cultural Society, and by the Kansas State Horticultural Society. 
 
 1129. Riley, C. T . The plum Curculio, Conotrachelm nenuphar Herbst. 
 
 < Amer. Ent., March, 1870, v. 2, pp. 130-137, fig. 93. 
 Paper read before the Illinois State Horticultural Society at its 14th annual 
 meeting; summary of esta,blished facts and discussion of mooted points in 
 the life-history of CoHO<;-ac7ie/H8 nenuphar; seasons, haliits, transformations, 
 food-plants, enemies of and means against the same ; descriptions and 
 figu.es of larva and imago; figure of pupa: hibernation and the eflijcts of 
 climate on the prolongation of the life of insects. 
 
 1130. Riley, C. V. Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 6. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 1870, v. 2, pp. 150-1.53, figs. 100-102. 
 Reprint, with .slight changes : <2d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., 
 Marcli, 1870, pp. 80-82, fig. 55. 
 Treats of Alypia octomaculata ; see No. 1127 for synopsis of contents. 
 
136 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1131. [Riley, C. V.] Pithy blackberry gall. <Amer. Eut., March, 
 
 1870, V. 2, pp. 159-160, fig. 103. 
 Answer to inrxuiry of C. W. [" S. C." J Spauidiug ; descriptions and figuresof 
 larva and gall oi Diastrophus nebulusus; ligure of pupa; seasons, food- 
 plant, guest-fly IPerlcUsliis si/lvestris'], and parasite \^Eurytoma dlastrojjhi] 
 and means against this species; the genus X>tas<roj>/n/.s confined to Rosa- 
 cea?, Cynips to Cupiiliferw and Antistrophus to Compositce. 
 
 1132. [Riley, 0. V.] Clover- worms. <Amer. Ent., March, 1870, v. 2, 
 
 p. 160. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. Pauls ; geographical distribution, food-habits, ver- 
 nacular names and synonymy of and means against Asopia costalis. 
 
 1133. [Riley, C. V.] Seed ticks under bark of apple-trees. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., March, 1870, v. 2, p. 160. 
 Answer to inquiry of O. B. Galusha ; character of insects as regards the 
 number of legs ; occurrence of Ixodtn uniptmctata under outer bark of ap- 
 ple-trees at Morris, 111. 
 
 1134. [Riley, C. V.] Parasitic cocoons. <Amer. Eut., March, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 160. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. W. Beckworth ; occurrence of a mass of cocoons of 
 IMicroplitii^ ceratomio? var. actaosus'\ under red-oak at South Pass, 111. 
 
 1135. [Riley, C. V.J Is any knowledge useless? <Anier. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, pp. 164-166. 
 Reprint of article from Manufacturer and Builder, November, 1869 ; minute 
 investigations in science may be of great practical importance; cases in 
 which a knowledge of life-history of Galeruca calmariensis l^xanthomelcena^, 
 Conotrachelus nenuphar, and Lymexylon navale was or might have been of 
 great value. 
 
 1136. [Riley, C. V.] Tomato fruit-worm. <Amer. Eut. and Bot., 
 
 April, 1870, v. 2, p. 172. 
 Notice of statement by J. J. Weir that Reliothis armigera was bred from 
 larvae which fed on the fruit of tomato in England; food-plants of this in- 
 sect. 
 
 1137. Riley, C. V. Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 7. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, pp. 173-174, figs. 107-108. 
 Reprinted, with slight changes, from <2d Ann. Rept. State 
 Ent. Mo., March, 1870, pp. 85-87, figs. 58-59. 
 Treats of Procris [=flan*t8irea] americatia; see No. 1127 for synopsis of con- 
 tents. 
 
 1138. [Riley, C. V.] The death web of young trout. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 174. 
 
 Reprint, with review, of Seth Green's ''An ^nemy to young trout;" young 
 trout and young white-fish killed by the web of an unknown aquatic larva, 
 probably one of the caddis-flies ; habits of the larvje of Fhryganeido'. See 
 No. 1160. 
 
 1139. fRiLEY, C. v.] " Scab " in apple V. apple-tree plant-lice. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 178. 
 
 Notes the freedom of apple-trees in 1870 from the eggs of Aphis mali, and 
 the opportunity to test the question of the connection of these insects with 
 the "scab." 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 137 
 
 11-40. [Riley, C. Y.] Insects uained. <Amer. But. and Bot, April, 
 1870, V. 2, p. ] 70. 
 Answer to imiuiry of -M. llobart; identification of several insects; food- 
 plantaof Grapla comma, Geometra l=Zerenc'\ cateiiaria, Serica respcrtina, and 
 Tetraopes^^-maculatus; geograpliicul distribution of (^rajjfa comma; descrip- 
 tion of larva of Ecpantheria scribonia. 
 
 1141. [Riley, 0. V.] Supposed trout enemy. <Amer, Ent. and Bot., 
 April, 1870, v. 2, pp. 179-180. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Mather; identification of several insects; habits 
 and occurrence of Capnia minima: occurrence of Piophila caaei and PHnus 
 brunneus at Honeoye Falls, N. Y. 
 
 1112, fRiLEY, C. Y.j - Food for trout. <Amer. Ent. and Bot, April, 
 1870, V. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of Seth Green and Collins: with knowledge of the char- 
 acter of the worms which forms a desirable food for young trout, it may 
 be possible to suggest some method of propagating the worms artificially. 
 
 1143. [RiLEY, C. v.] Hair-snakes. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., April, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. W. M. ; parasitic habits, abodes and prolificacy, and 
 classificatory relations of Gordius variiia and G. aquations. 
 
 1144. [RiLEY, C. v.] Egg-sack of some unknown spider. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Eugelmann ; figure of egg-sack of Epeira sp. ? 
 
 1145. [Riley, C. V.] Do worker bees sting the drones to death ! 
 
 <Anier. Ent. and Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. W. V. ; there is no good reason to doubt that worker 
 bees sting the drones to death when the mission of the latter is ended. 
 
 1146. [Riley, C. V.] Red spider. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., April, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. H. Warder ; Trombidium [= Tetranychua'] telarius im- 
 ported from Europe ; size, color, and abodes of and means against the same. 
 
 1147. [Riley, C. V.] Insect named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., April, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. Barrett; food-habits of Psocus venosutt and other 
 Psocidce. 
 
 1148. [Riley, C. Y.] To destroy plant-lice. <Amer. Enl. and Bot., 
 
 April, 1870, v. 2, p. 180. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. F. Lazear ; means against Aphididce on house plants. 
 
 1149. [Riley, O. Y.] Raspberry root gall. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 April, 1870, v. 2, p. 181, fig. 110. 
 Answer to inquiry of K. Parsons ; description and figure of gall of Rhoditea 
 radicum occurring on roots of Roaavew; genera of parasites raised from it; 
 interest of the question of the manner and extent of parasitization of this 
 gall. 
 
 1150. [Riley, C. V.] Spined slug- worm. <Amer. Ent. and Bot,, April, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p, 181. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. G. Saflfer and A. R. Bodley ; brief description of the 
 larva of Limacodea sp. 
 
138 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1151. [Riley, C. V.] Apple-tree insects. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 April, 1870, v. 2, p. 181. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. Camfield ; identification of specimens and directions 
 for the destruction of Orgijia leucostigma and Phycita nebulo l=Acroba8ii 
 indiginella^. 
 
 1152. [Riley, C. V.] IiJ^ative apple-tree bark-lice. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot, April, 1870, v. 2, p. 181, fig. 111. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. C. Hammoud ; food-plants of and means against 
 Diaspis harrisii [= Cliionaspis furfurus] ; figure of infested twig of apple ; 
 the presence of enemies and parasites prev'ent this species becoming a 
 formidable pest. 
 
 1153. [Riley, O. V.] The hedge-hog caterpillar. <Araer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 182, fig. 112. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Burt ; descriptious and figures of larva and imago 
 of Arctia [ = Pyrrliarctia'] isaheUa ; figure of pupa and cocoon ; habits and 
 hibernation ; its larva and that of Ecpantheria scrihonia called " fever- 
 worm," and ignorantly supposed to cause malarial fevers; food-habits of 
 Horinus [= Merinusi Icevis. 
 
 1154. [Riley^, C. v.] Chick-weed Geometer. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 April, 1870, V. 2, p. 182. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Huggins; identification of specimens; reference to 
 account of Bcematopis grataria ; Cermaiia forceps common in houses in the 
 latitude of St. Louis, Mo. ; the sulphur remedy for canker-worms absurd. 
 
 1155. [Riley, C. V.] Bean- weevil. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., April, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 182. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Copley; specimens identified; occurrence and 
 ravages of Bruchus obsoJetus in Illinois. 
 
 1156. [Riley, C. V.] Bag- worm at South Pass, 111. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 182. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. H. Baker ; occurrence of Thyridopieryx ephemerce- 
 formis at South Pass, 111. ; importance of its destruction. 
 
 1157. [Riley% C. v.] Eggs of oblong-winged katy-did. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., April, 1870, v. 2, p. 182. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. D. Ladd ; diiferences between the eggs of Phyllop- 
 tera [= Avibhjcorypha'] oblongifolia and those oi Plaiyphylluin [_=^Cyrtophyl- 
 ?M8] concavus ; the former occur on currant and various trees. 
 
 1158. [RiLEY"^, (J. v.] Insects iujurious to the grape-vine. J^o. 8. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, pp. 208-209, fig. 127. 
 Reprint, with slight changes: <3d Ann. Kept. State Ent. Mo., 
 April, 1871, pp. 61-63, fig. 24. 
 Treats of Desmia maculaUs; see No. 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1159. [Riley, C. V.] The periodical Cicada alias the 17-year and 13- 
 
 year locust. <Ainer. Ent, and Bot., May, 1870, p. 211. 
 
 Quotes, from the 1st Ann. Kept. State Ent. Mo., the localities in which Cicada 
 [=: Tibicen'\ septendecim and C. [^= T. ] tndecim will appear in 1870, with re- 
 quest for reports of the occurrence of these insects. * 
 
 1160. [Riley, C. V.] The death-web of young trout. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, p. 211. 
 Supplementary to No. 1138; the larvae mentioned belong to the genus <Si- 
 mulium. 
 
lilHLlOCiKAlMIV OK ECOXOMlt" ENTOMOLOGY. 139 
 
 llGl. [KiLEY, C. Y.J Worms under mulch hay. <Amer. Eiit. aud 
 Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, p. 212. 
 Answer to iaquiry of J. F. Flagg; description, season, liabitH, and ravages 
 of and means against the larv;v of Tipula sp. 
 
 1162. [liiLEY, C. Y.] A new pear-tree insect. <Amer. Ent and Bot., 
 
 May, 1870, v. 2, p. 212, fig. 129. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. J. Ayres; food-habits and ravages of and means 
 against PJatyceru8 quercua; figure of imago. 
 
 1163. [Riley, C. V.] Apple-twig borer. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., May, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 212. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Myers; Boatrichiis [^^ Jmphicertis'i bicaudatuH hores 
 into the axil of limbs of pear-trees. 
 
 1164. [Riley, C. Y.] Cocoons of polyphemus moth. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, 212.' 
 
 Answer to inquiry of H. J. Duulap ; cocoon of Attacus [= Teleal poh/phemns 
 found on Morello cherry-tree. 
 
 1165. [Riley, C. Y.] Galls on supposed dock. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 May, 1870, v. 2, p. 212. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. V. Summers; Gelechia gallw-soUdaginis forms galls on 
 stems of Solidago; Gastrophysa [^=: Gaatroidea ] cyaiiea breeds on Rnmex. 
 
 1166. [Riley, C. Y.] Mossy rose-gall. <Amer. Ent. and Bot, May, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 213, fig. 130. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. M. Locke; description of gall, larva, and imago of 
 Bhodites rosw; figure of the gall; description of a parasitic larva. 
 
 1167. [Riley% C. Y.] Punctures on the rose-twig. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, p. 213, tig. 131. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. W. Copley ; punctures in rose-stem ; eggs, probably 
 of a cricket, imbedded in pitli of the same ; description of the egg aud figure 
 of injured stem. 
 
 1168. [Riley, C. Y.] Snout-beetle. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., May, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 213. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Mary Treat ; Hylobiua confusus a timber borer and usu- 
 ally in pine. 
 
 1169. [Riley, C. Y.J The oyster-shell bark-louse in Missouri. < Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., May, 1870, v. 2, pp. 213-2U, tig. 132. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. P. Hanan ; occurrence of Aspidiotus conchiformis 
 \_^Mi/(ila8pi8 2>omorum'] in Missouri; importance of the thorough extirpa- 
 tion of the insect; figure of a piece of bark infested by the same. 
 
 1170. [Riley, C. Y.J The pod-like willow-gall. <Amer. Ent. and Bot, 
 
 May, 1870, v. 2, p. 2U, tig. 133. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. R. Muhlenian ; description and figure of the gall of 
 Cecidomyia salicis-siUqiia • figure of larva; food-plants, synonymy, and de- 
 scription of the pupa of the same. 
 
 1171. [Riley, C.Y.J Bee-nest < Amer. Ent and Bot, 1870, v. 2;' May, 
 
 p. 214, fig. 134; September, p. 307. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. R. Muhleman; description and figure of larva nf 
 ProHopis affinis in hot, low currant-stem; probability that Ceratina dupla 
 breeds twice a yea^. 
 
140 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1172. [RiLEY,'C. v.] Beetles named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., May, 
 
 1870, V. 'J, p. 214. 
 
 Auswer to inquiry of S. V. Summers; specimens identified; difference be- 
 tween Canthon Iwvis and C. chalcites. 
 
 1173. [Riley, C. Y.] Great discovery : Curculio extermination possi- 
 
 ble! <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, pp. 225-227. 
 ]!^otice : <Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 9 June, 1870, v. 
 35, p. 361. 
 Reprint of articles by J. E. Chamberlain and Mrs. H. Wier on the destruction 
 of the Curculio ; letter from W. B. Ransom ; criticism of the same ; means 
 against Conotraclielus nenuphar ; distinctions between C. nenuphar and An- 
 thonomus qiiadrigibhua. 
 
 1174. [Riley, C. Y.] The death-web of young trout. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, pp. 227-228, figs. 143-144. 
 Value and progress of fish-culture ; habits of SimuUum piscicidium, with the 
 observations of Seth Green and Sara J. McBride; figures larva and pupa 
 of S. piscicidium and the imago of S. molestum. 
 
 1175. [RiLEY,C.Y.] Insects injurious to the grape-vine. 15^0.9. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. an^ Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, pp. 234-235, fig. 148. Reprint, 
 with slight changes : <3d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 
 
 1871, pp. G5-68, fig. 27. 
 
 Treats of Pterophorua [:= Oxyptilusl periscelidactylus ; see No. 1301 for synopsis 
 of contents. 
 
 1176. [RiLEY, C. Y.J The apple Curculio. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 Juue, 1870, V. 2, p. 243, fig. 152. 
 Figures of the imago of Anthonomus quadrigiiius. 
 
 1177. [RiLEY, 0. Y.] The new Curculio remedy. <Amer. Eut= and 
 
 Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, p. 243. 
 Results of experiments in the use of Ransom chip-trap for Conotrachelus 
 nenuphar. 
 
 1178. [KiLEY, C. Y.] Tarantula of Texas. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 June, 1870, V. 2, p. 244. 
 
 Answer toinquiry of L. J. Stroop; the ^gwve of My gale lientzii g\\&n. in volume 
 one is somewhat incorrect. 
 
 1179. [Riley, C. Y.j Ailanthus silk- worm naturalized. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., Juue, 1870, v. 2, p. 244. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller; introduction and naturalization of Atta- 
 cus cynihia. 
 
 1180. [RiLEY^, C. Y. ] Cypress-gall. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 244, tig. 153. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. P. Stelle; description and figures of gall and descrip- 
 tion of gall and imago of Cecidomyia cupressi-ananassa n. sp. on cypress; 
 figures breast-bone of the larva. 
 
 1181. [Riley, C. Y.] Tent-caterpillar of the forest. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, p. 245. 
 Answer to the inquiries of A. M. Brown and J. H. Evans ; habits, food-plants, 
 and ravages of Cliaiocampa sylvatlea [=rfissfr«f ] and C. americana. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 141 
 
 1182. [Riley, C. V.] Worm-boring into peach. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 June, 1870, v. 2, p. 245. 
 Answer to inquiries of W. C. Flagg, A. C. Haiunioiul, and M. M. Hooton ; 
 food-plants and description of larva of Xylina cinerea l^^Lithophane anten- 
 
 vaia']. 
 
 1183. [Riley, C. V.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 245. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Engelnianj descriptions of Sinilia auriculata apd 
 Memhracis am2}elop>iidis ; both species common on grape-vines. 
 
 1184. (Riley, C. V.] Lice on '^ snow-balls. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 June, 1870, v. 2, p. 245. 
 Answer to inquiry of Mrs. C. L. Seymour; means against Aphldido'. 
 
 1185. [Riley, C. V.] Twig-borer. < Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, 
 
 V. 2 p. 245, fig. 154. 
 Answer to inquiries of S. H. Kriedelbaugh and G. F. Merriam ; figures of 
 male and female Bostrichus [:=Joijj/iicej-Hs] bicaudatus, which bore iuto the 
 axils of grape-buds. 
 
 1186. [Riley, C. V.] Bee enemy. <Amer.Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 245. 
 
 Answer lo ini[uiry of F. Brewer ; StaplujUnus maculosus, found eating a bee, 
 IS rather a scavenger tbau an insect of prey. 
 
 1187. [Riley, C. V.] Knots on apple-tree roots caused by root-lice. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, p. 246. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. N. McKinstry ; ravages of and means against Schi- 
 zoneura lanigera on roots of young apple-trees. 
 
 1188. [Riley, C. V.] Beetles named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot, June, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. Df^niells; Ithycerm noveboracensis injures apple- 
 leaves. 
 
 1189. [Riley, C. V.] Bag-worm. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 246. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. M. Hooten ; occurrence of young larva of Thyridop- 
 teryx ephemeraformis on peach-trees; manner in which they carry their 
 cases. 
 
 1190. [Riley, C. V.] XJie larder-beetle. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. H. Kriedelbaugh; food-habits and description of the 
 larva and imago of Derinestva lardariitH. 
 
 1191. [Rlley, G. V.l Water-bug. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, 
 
 ■ V. 2, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. H. Harrington; habits anil description of nanatia 
 fmca. 
 
 1192. [Riley, C. V.J Gregarious worms on horse-chestnut. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., June, 187X), v. 2, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. R. Howard; oviposition, food-plant, and parasite 
 of Tortrix [= Cacoecia'\ rileyana. 
 
 1193. [Riley, G. V.J Pupa of the disippus butterfly. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, p. 246, tig. 155. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. Montgomery ; figure and colors of pupa oi Limenitia 
 disippus ; food-plants and hibernations of larva. 
 
142 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1194. [Riley, 0. V.] Prickly-rose gall. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 24C. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Cochrane and J. P. Stelle ; brief description of the 
 gall of Bhodites bicolor on wild rose. 
 
 1195. [BiLEY, C. v.] Insects feeding on sap of black-walnut. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, p. 246. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of M. Barrelit ; food-habits of Psociis venosus. 
 
 1196. [Riley, C. V.] Locust-borer. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., June, 1870, 
 
 V. 2, p. 246. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of "Arbor;" means agaiust Arhopalus [^ Cyllenel robiuia'. 
 
 1197. [Riley, C. V.] To exterminate cockroaches. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., June, 1870, v. 2, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. F. Weitbree ; means against cockroaches. 
 
 1198. [Riley, C. V.] The white-lined morning Si)hinx. {BeilepMla lin- 
 
 eata, Fabr.) <Amer. Ent. and Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, 
 pp. 257-258, figs. 162-164. Reprint, with additions and slight 
 changes : <3d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1871, pp. 
 140-142, figs. 60-62. 
 Treats of Deilephila lineata ; see No. 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1199. [Riley, C. V.J Descriptive entomology. <Amer. Ent. and Boi., 
 
 July-August, 1870, v. 2, pp. 258-261. Abstract: <Cultivator 
 and Country Gentleman, 6 April, 1871, v. 36, p. 218. 
 Critical review of a remark by J A. Lintner ; calculation of the cost, labor, 
 and extent of a work containing the description and figure of every ex- 
 isting species of insect. 
 
 1200. [Riley, C. v.] The tent-caterpillar of the forest. {Clisiocampa 
 
 sylvatica, Harr.) <Amer. Ent. and Bot., July-August, 1870, 
 V. 2, pp. 261-266, figs. 165-168. Reprint, with additions and 
 slight changes: <3d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1871, 
 pp. 121-129, figs. 52-54. 
 Treats of Clisiocampa sylvatica 1=: disstria'] ; see No. 1301 for synopsis of con- 
 tents. 
 
 1201. [Riley, C. V.] The Ransom Curculio remedy. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, pp. 268-271. 
 Discussion of the efficacy of the Ransom chip-trap against Conotrachelva 
 nenuphar ; extracts from and criticism of articles by E. S. Hull, W. B. Ran- 
 som, and others on this subject. 
 
 1202. [Riley, C. V.] Insects iujurious to the grape-vine. No. 10. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, pp. 272-273, 
 fig. 170. Reprint, with additions and slight changes. <3d 
 Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1871, pp. 68-69, fig. 28. 
 Treats of Spilosoma virginica; see No. 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1203. [Riley, C. v.] The Walsh entomological cabinet. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, p. 275. 
 
 Remarks on the purchast? and disposal of the entomological collection of B. 
 D. Walsh. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 143 
 
 1204. [Riley, C. V.] The currant- worm ! < Anier. Ent. and Bot., July- 
 
 August, 1870, V. 2, p. 275. 
 Coinuieuts upon the coufusiug way in which some horticultural pnhlications 
 treat of </ie carraut-\v«)nii, without discrimiuation of species. 
 
 1205. [Riley, C. V.] Water larva. <Amer. Eut. aud Bot., July-Au- 
 - gust, 1870, V. 2, p. 275. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Mather ; hahits of the larvic of Eplumeridce. 
 
 1206. [Riley, C. V.] Large black potato- beetles. <Aiiier. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., July- August, 1870, v. 2. p. 275. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. S. Elliott; Epicauta corvhmf injuring potato-vines 
 in Kansas. 
 
 1207. [Riley, C. V.] Destroying cherry plant-lice. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., July-August, 1870* v. 2, p. 275. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Braekett ; means against J/(/cms cerasi. 
 
 1208. [Riley, C. V.] Caterpillars on grape-vines. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, p. 275. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. A. Watson ; larvje of Alypia octoniaculata and Aero- 
 nycta ohlinita found on grape- vines ; food-plants of the latter species. 
 
 1209. [Riley, C. V.] Ash-gray blister-beetle. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 July-August, 1870, v. 2, p. 275. 
 Answer to inquiry of P. H. Foster; Lytia cinerea 1= Macrobasia unicolor'\ 
 feeding on the three-thorned Acacia. 
 
 1210. [Riley, C. V.] Specimens lost. <Amer. Eut. aud Bot., July- 
 
 August, 1870, V. 2, p. 276. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. Roberts; food-habits and description of larva of 
 Gortyna uitela and of an undetermined moth on peach-trees. 
 
 1211. [Riley, C. v.] White willow worm. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., July- 
 
 August, 1870, v. 2, p. 276. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. H. K. ; food-plants and description of larva of and 
 means against Xematus ventralis. 
 
 1212. [Riley, C. Y.] Bark-lice on grape-vine and raspberry saw-fly. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. aud Bot.^ July-August, 1870, v. 2, p. 276. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Thompson ; Lecanium [^ I'ulvinaria'\ vitis common on 
 grape-vines in Europe and North America; its oviposition and occurrence 
 in Illinois; description and means against the larva of Selandria {_= Mono- 
 phadmiH'} rubi. 
 
 1213. [Riley, C. V.] Apple-tree borer ; variations in the two-striped 
 
 Saperda. <Amer. Eut. aud Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, p. 
 276. 
 
 Answer to iuijuiry of D. B. Wier; colorational variations in Saperda birittata 
 [^candidal; abundance and ravages of Capsus oblineatiiH [^^Lygnn pra- 
 
 1214. [Riley, C. V.] The plum Curculio breeds in apple. <Anier. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., July-August, 1870, v. 2, j). 276. 
 Answer inquiry of E. Leming; Covotrachel us nenuphar hreeda in the fruit of 
 apple. 
 
144 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1215. [Riley-, C. V.] Cecropia worm. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., July- 
 
 August, 1870, V. 2, p. 276. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. F. Thompson; occurrence and ravages of the larva 
 o£ Attacus cecropia on apple-trees. 
 
 1216. [Riley, C. V.] Gigantic rhinoceros beetle. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., July-August, 1870,. v. 2, p. 276. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. G. Safter; variations in coloration of Dynastes htyus. 
 
 1217. [Riley, C. V.] Roman-nosed pupa. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 July-August, 1870, v. 2, p. 276. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. D. Van Winkle; food-habits of Limenitis Ursula and 
 L. disijypus ; the j)upte of the two species are alike. 
 
 1218. [Riley, C. V.] The onward march of the Colorado potato-bee- 
 
 tle. A word to our Canadian neighbors. <Amer. Ent. and 
 Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, pp. 289-291, fig. 181. 
 Remarks on the spread of Dorypliora decemlineata into Ontario, and means of 
 checking it; efficacy and proper use of Paris green ; other remedies ; Lebia 
 grandis a natural enemy of the larvte. 
 
 1219. [Riley, C.V.J The tarnished plant-bug. {Capsusoblineatus^^iiy). 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, pp. 291-293, fig. 
 182. Keprinted, with additions and slight changes, from <2d 
 Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., March, 1870, pp. 113-115, fig. 83. 
 
 Treats of Capsus ohlineaius l=Lygus pratensisi ; see No. 1127 for synopsis of 
 contents. 
 
 1220. [Riley, C. V.] Osage orange for the mulberry silk-worm. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 293. 
 
 Reprint and critical review of S. Cornaby's article on the above; imj)ortant 
 articles should not be published anonymously. 
 
 1221. [Riley, C. V.] Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 11. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 295, fig. 185. 
 Eeprint with slight changes. <3d Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., 
 April, 1871, pp. 77-79, ftg. 34. • 
 Treats of Pelidnota punctata; see No. 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1222. [Riley, C. V^.] The slug on pear and cherry trees. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 296. 
 Reprint and critical review of " Addi " on the above ; ravages of and means 
 against Selandria 1= Eriocampa~\ cerasi. 
 
 1223. [Riley, C. V.] Appendix to joint- worm article published in vol. 
 
 1, No. 8 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, pp. 296- 
 297. 
 
 Introduction to and explanation of the preparation and iJublication of 
 
 Walsh's Eurytomides. See No. 384. 
 
 1224. [Riley, C. V.] Entomology indeed run mad ! <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 305. 
 Critical review of Mark Miller's article on the currant-worm ; Nematus ven- 
 tricosus [=j'i&esii] confounded with Eujifchia ribearia. 
 
 1225. [Riley, C. V.J Red spider. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., September, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 305. 
 
 , Ravages and transformations of Tetranychus telarlus. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 145 
 
 1226. [Riley, C. V.] Insects named. <Amer. Eut. iiiul Bot., Sep- 
 
 tember, 1870, V. 2, p. 306. 
 
 Answer to iuquiry of J. K. Kidd ; food-habits of Sllplin peltata l=anierkaiia | 
 and allied forms, of Calomma scrutator and of Laphria [= 2>o«^//i«] thoracica] 
 uiiniicry between Laphria and Jiombua and its use. 
 
 1227. [Riley, C. V.] Caterpillar of white-marked tussock moth. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. aud Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 306, li<;^. 186. 
 Answer to inquirj^ of G. C. Brackett; liguro of larva and diiscription of 
 imago of Orgyia leucostu/ma ; posture of male iu repose; habits of fi-malo; 
 Saperda bivittata 1^=^ Candida'^ usuall; ])erishes if it has not changed to a 
 pupa before the death of the tree; Chrysobothris femorata lives for weeks 
 on dead wood. 
 
 1228. [Riley, 0. V.] Does the apple Curcnlio go underground to 
 
 transform ? <Amer. Eut. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 
 306. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. Muir; Anthonomus quadrigibbua transforms within 
 the fruit ; it does not attack stone fruit. 
 
 1229. [Riley, C. V.] Waluut caterpillars. <Amer. Ent. aud Bot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 306. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of G. M. Levette ; seasons, habits, and food-plant of aud 
 means against Datana sinistra ; description of larva. 
 
 1230. [Riley, C. V.J Striped blister-beetle. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 306, fig. 187. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Gait; means against Epicauta vittata and other Me- 
 loidcB on potato vines; figure of Epicauta vittata. 
 
 1231. [Riley, C. V.] Grape-viue Fidia. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Sep- 
 
 tember, 1870, V. 2, p. 307, fig. 188. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Hetzel ; habits, ravages, and food-plants of aud 
 means against Fidia viticida ; figure of this species. 
 
 1232. [Riley, C. v.] Some interesting insects. <Amer. Ent. andBot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 307. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Fuller; ravages of Bruchua obaoletua in Lima beans ; 
 of Butalia cerealella in flint corn iu stems aud of Lobeaia l=:^Eudemia'\ bolrana 
 in blossoms of blackberry ; description of the larva case of riii/cita iiebulo 
 [ =Acrubaaia indiginellaj aud of galls of Cecidomyia tnbicola on Carya. 
 
 1233. [Riley, C. V.] The green hag-moth. <Amer. Eut. aud Bot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 307. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. B. Shaw ; food-plants, aud synonymy of Caltochlora 
 viridia 1= Paraaa chlorisi ; description of larva aud imago; the larva do- 
 scribed by Reakirt does not belong to this species. 
 
 1234. [Riley, C. V.] The antiopa butterily. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 307. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. Moss; description of larva and imago of Fa- 
 neaaa antiopa ; the larva feeds on willow; vernacular name and compara- 
 tive abundance. 
 
 1235. [Riley, C. V.J Rose-gall aud pupa of archippus butterily. 
 
 <Amer. Eut. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 307, fig. 180. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of L. li. Custar; figure of pupa of Dunaia archippua; 
 descriptions of three undetermined galls on rose-leaf formed by Jihoditea sp.f 
 10 ENT 
 
146 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1236. [Riley, C.. V.] White grnbs in strawberry beds. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 aud Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 307. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. Miller; food-habits of larva and descriptiou of 
 imago of Cyclocephala immaculata. 
 
 1237. [Riley, C. V.j Larva of the thoas swallow-tail. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 aud Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 308. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. H. Sprague ; food-plant and description of larva of 
 Papilio thoas l=zcresj)hoittes'\ ; the larva rare in Missouri. 
 
 1238. [Riley, C V.] Larva of clubbed tortoise-beetle. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 aud Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 308. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. R. Bodley ; Cassida, Coptocyda aud Deloyala feed on 
 Convolvulacece with the exception of Deloyala l—CoiJtocyclal vlavata which 
 feeds on Solanacew. 
 
 1239. [Riley, C. V.] The banded Ips in calyx of pear. <Amer. Eut. 
 
 and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 308. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Brackett; food-habits and description of Ips 
 faseiatus. 
 
 1240. [Riley, C. V.] The larder-beetle. <Amer. Eut. and Bot., Sep- 
 
 tember, 1870, V. 2, p. 308, fig. 191. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. S. Sleeper; figures of larva and imago and of mag- 
 nified hair of larva of Dermcstes lardarius; ravages in collections of pre- 
 served animals. 
 
 1241. [Riley, C. Y.] Moth named. <Amer. Ent. aud Bot., September, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 308. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. M. Hale; description of Ctenurlia latreillana [ = (vr- 
 ginica] ; its abundance in 1870 in the vicinity of St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 1242. [Riley, C. V.] The little Cicada. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Sep- 
 
 tember, 1870, V. 2, p. 308. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. O. Hardeman ; occurrence of Cicada \_=Melampsalta'\ 
 parvula in Missouri. 
 
 1243. [Riley, 0. Y.j The brown mantispian. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 308. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. C. Bracket ; Mantispa hrunnea common, prerlaceous, 
 and beneficial. 
 
 1244. [Riley, C. V.] Small reddish snout-beetle on apple. <Amer. 
 
 Ent. and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 30. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Weed; food-habits aud description of Anthonoimis 
 cratwgi. 
 
 1245. [Riley, C. Y.] Prickly rose-gall. <Amer. Ent. aud Bot., Sep- 
 
 tember, 1870, V. 2, p. 309, fig. 192. 
 Answer to inquiry of " Subscriber ; " descriptiou aud figure of galls and de- 
 scription of Bhodites hicolor. 
 
 124G. [Riley, C. Y.] QuestiQus answered. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 309. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of K. Parsons; formation and use of portable cases by 
 Tineina ; habits and character of the young of Mytilaspia pomieorticis 
 [=2>amorMm] ; food-habits of ants. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 147 
 
 1247. [Riley, C. V.] Uo'r-ciiterpillar of the vine infested with parasites. 
 
 <Aiuer. Eut. aud Hot., September, 1870, v. 13, p. 309. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. WiLson ; occurreuce of larva of Uarapna [ Am- 
 pelophaga} myroti para.siti/.ed by Jpaiilchs con<jri<jatu8. 
 
 1248. [Riley, C. v.] Larva of Abbot Sphiux. <Aiiier. Eut. and i]ot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 309. 
 
 Answer to iuqniry of S. E. Todd; occnrreuce of larva of Thijieus abbulii on 
 grape-vine ; means against the same. 
 
 1249. [Riley, C, V.] Cecropia worm. <Amer. Eut. aud Bot, Sep- 
 
 tember, 1870, V. 2, p. 309. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. G. Hofraau ; occurrence of Attacm cecropia oui)lnm. 
 
 1250. [Kiley, 0. v.] Flat headed borer in soft maples. <Amer. Eut. 
 
 and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 309. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. R. Elliott; ravages of and means against Chnjuo- 
 hothris femorata on soft maple ; ravages of Arhopahis [= Cyllene'] robinicv ou 
 black-locust. 
 
 1251. [Riley, C. V,] Cherry plant-lice and their foes. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p. 309, fig. 193. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. Roberts; occurrence on cherry-trees of Jphia 
 [=J/^^«s] cerasi, aud of its enemies, the iarva of Flippodamia convergens 
 and Syrphits sp. ; lignre of the larva, pupa, and imago of the former; posi- 
 tions in which both species transform. 
 
 1252. [Riley, C. V.J Grape-vine flea-beetle. <Auier. Eut. aud Bot., 
 
 September, 1870, v. 2, p. 309. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. Roberts ; ravages of Haliica chahjhca ; means 
 against this species and Selandria viiis \^^= Blennocampa pygma'a'\ on' grape- 
 vines. 
 
 1253. [Riley, C. \.\ Bloodsucker and pear-slug. <Amer. Eut. and 
 
 Bot., September, 1870, v. 2, p./309. 
 Answer to inquiry of G. A. Watson ; food-habits of Pirates [^=: McJanolestes'l 
 picipes and of Hemiptera in general ; means against Stlandria [= Erio- 
 cavipal cerasi. 
 
 1254. [Riley, C. v.] The codling-moth. {Carjwcajysa pomonella, Liu- 
 
 uaeus.) <Amer. Ent. aud Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, pp. 321-322. 
 Reprint: <3d Auu. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1871, pp. 
 101-104. 
 Treats of Carpocapm pomonella ; see No 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1255. [Riley, C. V.] Insects injurious to the grajie-viue. Xo. 12. 
 
 <Amer. Eut. and Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, j)p. 327-328, figs. 
 204-205. Reprint, with slight changes: <3d Ann. Rept. State 
 Ent. Mo., April, 1871, pj). 79-81, figs. 35,30; Cultivator ami 
 Country Gentleman, 1 June, 1871, v. 36, ]). 343. 
 Treats of Graptodera [_^= Haltica] chalybea ; sec No. 1301 for synopsis of con- 
 tents. 
 
 1256. [Riley, C. V.] The fall army-worm. <Amer. Eut. and Dot., 
 
 October, 1870, v. 2, pp. 328-329, figs. 206-207. 
 Seasons, food-plants, aud ravages of Laphyamn J'rii>iipcrda ; figures larviB of 
 Leucania itnipuncta and Laphygma frugipvrda ; comparison between the lat- 
 ter and Heliothis armigera. 
 
148 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1257. [Riley, C. V.] The rape butterfly; our new cabbage pest. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot, October, 1870, v. 2, p. 338. 
 Spread of and means against Pieris rupee. 
 
 1258. [Riley, C. V.] Paris green for the Curculio. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 338. 
 
 luefficacy of the use of Paris-green against Conotrachelus nenuphar. 
 
 1259. [EiLEY, C. v.] Beetles working in wheat, oats, and rye; the 
 
 grain Silvauus. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 
 339, fig. 208. 
 Answer to inquiry of M. H. Boye ; figure, description, and ravages of Silvan hs 
 surinamensis ; means against the same and against Calandra granaria in 
 grain; habitat and probable origin of the Silvanus. 
 
 1260. [Riley, C.V.J Beetles in dried English currants. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 339. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. V. Munson ; Silvanus surinamensis breeding abun- 
 dantly in dried English currants. 
 
 1261. [Riley, C. V.] The same in flouring mills. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 339. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Blanchard; abundance ol Silvanus surinamensis in 
 flouring-mills. 
 
 1262. [Riley, C. V.] Carolina Sphinx. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Octo- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 339. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. K. Howard; the larva of Macrosila \_^^ Protoparcc'\ 
 Carolina feeds on tobacco. 
 
 1263. [Riley, C. V.] Insects clustered on apple-trees. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 339. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of R. L. Ham ; habits and food of Psocus renosus. 
 
 1264. [RiLEY', C. v.] Larvae named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., October, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 339. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon; stinging powers of the larvfp of Empre- 
 tia stimnlea and Hyperchiria raria \^=io'\; Microgaster sp. parasitic upon 
 Macrosila quinquemaculata [=/Vo<ojjarce ce/eus]. 
 
 1265. [RiLEY', C. v.] Mite-gall on sugar-maple. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 October, 1870, v. 2, p. 339. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Furnas ; description of gall of Acarus aceris-crumena 
 n. sp. on leaves of sugar-maple; similar mite-galls occur on plum and 
 cherry. 
 
 1266. [RiLEY, C. V.J Cheese-fly and blow-fly. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 October, 1870, v. 2, p. 339. 
 Answer to inquiry of B. ; skippers in cheese are larvse of Piophila casei ; those 
 found in bacon of CalUphora vomitoria. 
 
 1267. [RiLEY, C. V.J Fall army-worm. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Octo- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 340. 
 Answer to inquiries of K. Kelsey and G. Pauls; seasons, ravages, and food- 
 plants of Laphygma frugiperda ; seasons and food-plants of Leucania uni- 
 puncta. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 149 
 
 1268. [Riley, C. Y.] Larva of imperial iiiotli: Tlioas swallow-tail. 
 <Ainer. Eiit. and liot., October, 1870, v. li, ]>. 340. 
 
 Answer to in<iuiry of G. M. Dodge ; larva of Ceratocamita [_— Eaclea'] imperi- 
 <i?i« feeds on maple. 
 
 1L'G9. [IliLEY, C. v.] Largo Asilns fly. <Anier. Ent. and Bot., Octo- 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 340. 
 Answer to iiKiuiry of L. G. Satfer; food-habits of PromacUns rertibratus, P. 
 l=Erax'\ bastardii, aud Aailus missonriensis I— Proctdcnulhim milbcrtii']; 
 occurrence of mideteriuined galls under white-oak trees. 
 
 rj 70. flliLEY, 0. v.] Mole cricket. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., October, 
 1870, V. 2, p. .340. 
 Answer to inquiry of V. K. Deyo ; habits of Grijllotalpa borealis. 
 
 1271. [Riley*, C. V.] A rare capture in Illinois. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 340. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. S. Bontell ; geographical distribution of Callidryas 
 philea ; occurrence of Thysania zenobia in Iowa. 
 
 1272. [Riley, C. V.] Hag-moth larva. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Octo- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 340, fig. 209. 
 Answer to inquiries of D. M. Hunter aud G. Pauls; figure of larva and de- 
 scription of imago o{ LimacodeH [_^= Phobeintm'\ ^itheciuvi ; larva found on 
 apple-tree ; formation of its cocoon. 
 
 1273. [Riley, C. v.] Insects named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., October, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 340. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of Mrs. E. IT. B. ; larva of Papilio asterias feeds on pars- 
 nip; that of Alaria {_= Rhodophora} florida on evening primrose; habits of 
 the imago of the latter. 
 
 1274. [Riley, C. V.] Some friends and foes. <Amer. Ent. and Bot, 
 
 October, 1870, v. 2, p. 340. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. W. Spaulding; food-habits of Ilarpactor [ = Mil!ian'] 
 cinctus, Mysia [^Anathl \b-punctata, undi Calosoma calidiim; Priotiun iinbri- 
 cornis bred from grape-vine roots. 
 
 1275. [Riley, C. V.] The royal-horned caterpillar. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 340. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. T. Hodgen ; larva of Ceratocampa l=Ciiheronitt'\ 
 regalia found on persimmon. 
 
 127C. [Riley, C. V.J Caterpillars named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Oc- 
 tober, 1870, V. 2, p. 341, fig. 210. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. H. King; food-plants and descriptions of larv:c of 
 Papilio asterias and of Acronycta oblinita; function of the osmateriuni of 
 the former; vernacular name aud figure of larva, cocoon, and imago of the 
 latter. 
 
 12:7. [Riley, C. V.] The Abbot Sphinx ; parasites on its larva. 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., October, 1870, v. 2, p. 341. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. W. Gordon; description of Tliyreita abbotii; life-hi.s- 
 tory of Microgaster sp. parasitic on larva? of S[)hingida'. 
 
 1278. [Riley, C.V.j Crane-flies; rose-bugs; ants. <Amer. Ent. and 
 Bot, October, 1870, v. 2, p. 341. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. W. Potts ; food-habits of Tipula sp. and of Mnrro- 
 dactylua aubspinosua; structure and habits of the several sexes of Formicida. 
 
150 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1279. [Riley, C. V.] Ciibbage-worms. <Ainer. Ent. and Bot., Octo- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 341. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of B. H. Foster ; ravages of and means against Pieris rapce. 
 
 1280. [KiLEY, C. V.J The uuicoru promiuent. <Amer. Eut. and Bot., 
 
 October, 1870, v. 2, p. 341. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Payne ; description of larva and imago of Notodonia 
 \_=^ Coelodasys] unicornis; food-plants and mimicry of the larva. 
 
 1281. [BiLEY, C. V.\ Insects injurious to the grape-vine. No. 13. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, pp. 353-359, figs. 
 218-219. Beprint with changes: <3d Ann. Bept. State Ent. 
 Mo., April, 1871, pp. 84-96, figs. 37-40. See: <Bull. de la 
 Soc. Cent. d'Agric, 1870. 
 Treats of Phylloxera vastairix; see No. 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1282. [BiLEY, C. V.J The fall army-worm. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., 
 
 December, 1870, v. 2, pp. 363-365, figs. 221-223. 
 Descriptions of egg, larva, pupa, and imago of Prodenia autumnalis n. sp. 
 [_=Lapht/gnia frugiperdal; variation of the imagos ; seasons, habits, aud 
 ravages of and means against the same ; figures of larva and imago of 
 Prodenia commelincc and of imago of Leucania iimpuncia. 
 
 1283. [BiLEY, C.V.J The so-called web- worm of youDg trout. <Amer. 
 
 Eut. aud Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, pp. 360-367. 
 Editorial remarks appended to S. J. McBride's communication ; description 
 of Simulium piscicidium n. sp. 
 
 1284. [BiLEY, C. v.] Hybrid between a grape-vine and a hickory. 
 
 <Amer. Ent. and Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 373.* 
 Correction of error in mistaking a gall of Cecidomyia vitis-pomum for a hybrid 
 fruit. 
 
 1285. [BiLEY, C. V.J Death of noted entomologists. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 373. 
 Notice of death of Julius Lederer and J. T. Lacordaire. 
 
 1286. [BiLEY, C. V.J Osage orange for the mulberry silk- worm. 
 
 <Amer. Eut. and Bot, December, 1870, v. 2, p. 373. 
 
 Explanation of diff rences in experience in feeding silk-worms on osage 
 orange. 
 
 1287. [Riley, C.V.J Insects named. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Decem- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 373. 
 Answer to inquiry of Mrs. M. Chappellsmith ; Astoma [= Tromhidium] locusta- 
 rmn parasitic on grasshoppers ; similar mites on other insects ; food-habits 
 of Nemobius vittatus and Orocharis saltator. 
 
 1288. [BiLEY, C. V.J Locust-borer. <Amer. Eut. and Bot., December, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 373. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. R. Howard ; seasons and method of oviposition of 
 Arhopalus [— Cyllem'] rohiniie in black-locust ; description of eggs and 
 imago of the same. 
 
 1289. [Riley, C. V.J The northern lady-bird ; its larva?. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 373. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. E. Billings; food-habits aud description of larva of 
 Epilachna hbrealis. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 151 
 
 1290. [Riley, C. Y] Not eggs, but parasitic cocoons. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and But., December, 1870, v. ti, \). 373. 
 Auswer to inquiry of R. Couch ; occurrence aud true naturo of cocoons of 
 Microgaster sp. ou larva of Darapsa L= Ampelophaga] inyron. 
 
 1291. [Riley, C. Y.] The cabbage riutella. <Amer. Ent. and Dot., 
 
 December, 1870, v. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of C.E.Bessey; ravages of PlutcUa crucifemnim on cab- 
 bages. 
 
 1292. [Riley, C. Y.J Gigantic rhinoceros beetle. <Amer. Ent. and 
 
 Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 374, fig. 224. 
 Answer to inquiry of " Subscriber; " figure of male and description of the 
 male and female of Dynastes tityus ; distribution ; food-habits of larva. 
 
 1293. [Riley, C. Y.] Bee-bread devoured by worms. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 and Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. C. Francis; food-habits of i'^j/ie.s/ia zcw [_^ interpunc- 
 tellaJi and Galleria cereana ; ravages of the former in old beehives. 
 
 1294. [Riley, C. Y.] Rape butterfly. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Decem- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. E. Cowden; ravages of Pieris rapw on cabbages. 
 
 1295. [Riley, C. Y.] Grape-leaf gall. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Decem- 
 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. C. Beardslee ; occurrence of PhyUoxera vasfairix at 
 Painesville, Ohio. 
 
 1296. [Riley, C. Y.] Beau weevil. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., December, 
 
 1870, V. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Kleinhaus; ravages and distribution of Bruchua 
 obsoletus. 
 
 1J97. [Riley, C. Y.] Cabbage insects. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., De- 
 cember, 1870, V. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. R. Howard; ravages, distribution, and synonyma 
 o{ Plutella critci/erarum; first occurrence of 6'fmc/iia [= .l/«?-i?an^a] hintri- 
 onica in Missouri. 
 
 1298. [Riley, C. Y.] Two-striped walking stick. <Amer. Ent. and 
 Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. R. Edwards ; occurrence of Spectrum bii-ittalum in 
 Kentucky. 
 
 12:)9. [Riley, C. Y.] Ladder spider. <Amer. Ent. and Bot., Decem- 
 ber, 1870, V. 2, p. 374, 
 Answer to inquiry of L. G. Saffer; explanation of the vernacular name of 
 Epeira \_^Argiope'\ riparia. 
 
 1300. [Rile Y% C.Y.] Sugaring for moths; preserving larvte. <Amer. 
 Eut. and Bot., December, 1870, v. 2, p. 374. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. S. Boutwell; occurrence of Papilio thoaa [=cr€8- 
 phonles'\ in Illinois; directions for the preparation of a lluid for preserving 
 caterpillars. 
 
152 BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1301. Riley, C. V. Third annual report on the noxious, beneficial, and 
 other iusects of the iState of Missouri, made to the State Board 
 of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this purpose 
 from the legislature of the State. <6th Ann. Kept. State 
 Board of Agric. for 1870, April, 1871, pp. 176+7, 73 figs. Sep- 
 arate: Jefiferson City, Mo., April, 1871, pp. 176+7, 73 figs. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 Preface 3 
 
 noxious insects. 
 
 SXOUT-BEETLES, Bhynchophova .- 5 
 
 The whole vegetable kiuodom and every part of each plant serve 
 as food for insects, 5 — Enumeration of insects afl'ecting the dif- 
 ferent parts of the apple-tree, 5 — Other food-habits of insects, 7 — 
 Vast extent of the science of entomology, 8 — Beauty and sim- 
 plicity of classification in entomology, 8 — Each family distin- 
 guished by its general appearance, 8 — Unity of habits in each 
 family, 9 — Distinguishing characters of snout-beetles, 9 — Their 
 lai'Vie, 10 — They are among the most injurious beetles, 10 — In- 
 jurious snout-beetles in Europe, 11. 
 
 The common plum Cnrculio, Con otrachelus nenuphar 11 
 
 It is single-brooded, 11— Experiments to prove this fact, 12— It 
 hibernates as beetle, 13 — Form of the egg, 13 — Feeding habits of 
 the beetle, 13 — Creaking noise produced by it, 14 — Stridulation 
 in other insects, 14 — It is nocturnal rather than diurnal, 14 — 
 Habits of the beetle at night, 14 — Eemedies, 15 — The Eansom 
 chip-trai) process, 15 ; explanation of the process, 15 ; it is not so 
 successful as anticipated, 15 ; it is not a new discovery, 16; num- 
 ber of Curculios caught by it, 16; its success dependent on the 
 character of the soil, 17; directions for using the process, 17; 
 more experiments needed, 17 — Offering premiums for collecting 
 specimens, 17 — Absurdity of the application of Paris green for 
 the Cnrculio, 18— Jarring by machinery, 18 — The Hull Curculio- 
 catcher defective in several respects, 18 — The Ward Curculio- 
 catcher, 20; how it could be improved, 20; rules for using the 
 machine, 21 — Curculio-catcher invented by Claxton & Stevens, 
 22 — Hooten's Curculio-catcher, 22 ; its advantages and mode of 
 operation, 24— Two true parasites of the Plum Cnrculio, 24— The 
 Sigalphus Curculio parasite, 24 ; Fitch's account of it, 25; Walsh's 
 doubt about its being parasitic on the Curculio, 25 ; experiments 
 and observations proving that it is a parasite of the Curculio, 
 25 ; its development and frequent occurrence around St. Louis, 
 25; it attacks also other soft-bodied larvae, 26 ; points in its nat- 
 ural history, 26; its position in the system, 27; description of 
 the imago, larva, pupa, cocoon, and of tlie var. rufus, 27 — The Pori- 
 zon Curculio parasite, 28; how it differs from the foregoing, 28; 
 description of the imago, 28— Importance of the work of these 
 parasites of the Curculio, 29 — Artificial propagation and distribu- 
 tion of parasites, 29. 
 
 The apple Curculio, Anihonomus quadrigibhus 29 
 
 How it differs from the plum Curculio, 30 — Its natural history, 30 — 
 Food-plants, 30— The punctures it drills into the fruit, 31 — The 
 egg, 31 — The larva and its habits, 31 — The larva transforms 
 within the fruitj 32 — Amount of damage it does, 33 — How its 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 153 
 
 1301. ElLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 work in tlio fruit can bo (listinguishcil lioni that of other insects, 
 33— It is verj' injurious in Southern Illinois and jiarts of Mis- 
 souri, 33— It 18 less injurious to apph-s tlian the, plum Curcnlio, 
 33— Injury done by it to pears, 33— The rot in apples principally 
 produced by it and by the plum Curcnlio, :{4— Season of its ap- 
 pearance, 34— Remedies and preventive measures, 34— Descrip- 
 tion of larva and pupa, 3;'). 
 
 The (luince Curcnlio, Conotrachchis cratwgi X, 
 
 Its food-plants, 35— It is very injurious to the quince in the East, 
 36— Dr. Trimble's account of the damage done by it, 3(5— How 
 the beetle differs from the two preceding Cnrcnlios, 30— Its trans- 
 formations and habits, 37— Its puncture on the fruit, 37— It hiber- 
 nates in the larva state, 37— Its larva mistaken by Dr. Fitch for 
 that of the plum Curcnlio, 38— The imago state lasts only two 
 months, 38— It does not attack the apple, 38— Remedies, 38— De- 
 scription of the larva and pupa, 39. 
 
 The plum-gouger, Coccotonis acutellaris 39 
 
 How it ditfers from the preceding species, 39- Injury caused by it, 
 39— Food-plants, 40— It is often mistaken for the plum Curcnlio, 
 40 — Season of its appearance, 40— Holes bored by it in the fruit, 
 41 — The larva lives within the kernel of the fruit, 41— Remedies, 41 
 
 The strawberry crown-borer, Tyloderma jragarice 42 
 
 Distribution of the insect, 42 — Injury done by it, 42 — Habits and 
 characters of the larva, 43 — Habits of the beetle, 43— Remedies, 
 43 — Parasite, 44 — How the larva difters from that of the grape- 
 vine Colaspis, 44 — Description of the imago and larva, 44. 
 
 The pea-weevil, Bnichus pisi 44 
 
 Insect enemies of the garden-pea, 44 — Characters of the Bruchidce, 
 45 — Habits of other species of Bruchidce, 45 — Frequent occurrence 
 of its larva in green peas, 45 — Characteristics of the beetle, 46 — 
 It is in all probability an indigenous North American insect, 46 — 
 The beetle does not sting the peas, 4G — The eggs are fastened by 
 the female beetle on the outside of the pod. 47 — The larva and 
 its habits, 47 — Its transformations, 47 — Remedies and prevent- 
 ives, 48 — Examination of peas intended for seed, 46 — Concerted 
 action necessary to exterminate the insect, 48 — Mr. SauiUlers's ac- 
 count of the occurrence of the pea-weevil in Canada, 49 — Other 
 preventive measures, 49 — Birds destroying the insect, 50. 
 
 The grain Bruchns, Brnchus granariua •'•^ 
 
 Its introduction from Europe, 50 — How it ditiers from the pea- 
 weevil, 50 — Curtis's account of its habits in Europe, 51. 
 
 The American bean-weevil, Bruchns fahw .52 
 
 Food-plants, .52 — Its geographical distribution, 52 — Accounts of 
 damage done by it in New York and Pennsylvania, .52 — It has 
 only lately become injurious, 53 — Habits of the larva and beetle, 
 54 — The proper nomenclature of the species, 54 — Description of 
 the imago, 5.5 — Its differences from allied species, 55 — Note on 
 descriptions based upon individual variations, 56. 
 
 The New York weevil, JthyceruH noveboraccnhix 57 
 
 Damage caused by it to fruit trees, .57 — Former descriptions of the 
 insect, 57— Its breeding habits, 57 — The pear blight not caused 
 by the beetle, 58. 
 
 The imbricated snout-beetle, Epiccerus imbricatus 58 
 
 Injury done by it to vegetation, 58 — Its natural history still un- 
 known, 58 — General appearance of the beetle, 58. 
 
154 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1301. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The corn Spheuopborus, Sphenophovus sculptilis 59 
 
 Damage caused by it to corn plants, 59 — Characteristics of the 
 beetle, 59 — Its larval history still unknown, 59 — Probable habits 
 of the larva, 59 — Walsh's description of the iniago, 59. 
 
 The cocklebur Sphenophorus, Rhodobanms I'i-punciatus 60 
 
 It is not injurious, 60 — Coloration of the beetle and its probable 
 identity with S. VS-piinctatus, 60 — The larva, 60 — Enumeration of 
 other injurious suout-beetles, 60, 
 
 Insects injurious to the grape-vine 61 
 
 The grape leaf-folder, Desmia maculaUs 61 
 
 Its geographical distribution, 61 — Generic characters, 61 — Charac 
 ters of the moth, 61 — Sexual differences, 62 — Habits of the larva, 
 62 — Remedy and prevention, 62 — Natural enemies, 62 — Descrip- 
 tion of the larva, 62. 
 
 The grape-vine epimenis, Psychomorpha epimevis 63 
 
 Its larva formerly mistaken for that of the pearl wood nymph, 63 — 
 Characters of the moth and sexual differences, 63 — Habits of the 
 larva when about to transform, 64 — Its grape-vine feeding hab- 
 its formerly unknown, 64— Description of the larva, 64 ; of the 
 chrysalis, 65. 
 
 The grape-vine plume, Oxyptilus jjertaceUdaetylus 65 
 
 Work of its larva and of that of the grape-vine Epimenis, 65 — Both 
 larv;e rather beneficial when not too numerous, 65 — Characters 
 of the larva, 66 — Peculiar form of the pupa, 66 — Protective mim- 
 icry of the pupa, 67 — Habits and appearance of the moth, 67 — Is 
 it single or double-brooded, 67. 
 
 The common yellow bear, Spilosoma virginica 68 
 
 How the young larvae differ from the mature larva of the grape- 
 vine plume, 68 — Food-plants, 68 — Color variations in the larvae, 
 69 — The chrysalis, 69 — The imago, 69 —Parasite, 69 — Remedy, 69. 
 
 The smeared dagger, Acronycta obUnita 70 
 
 The larva is polyphagous, 70 — Characters of the larva, pupa, and 
 imago, 70 — Remedy, 70 — Parasites, 71 — Description of imago and 
 larva, 71 ; ' of the pupa, 72. 
 
 The pyramidal grape-vine worm, PyrophiJa pyramidoides 72 
 
 Distinguishing characters of the worm, 72 — Its food-plants, 72 — 
 Its transformations, 72 — It is single or double-brooded according 
 to latitude, 73 — Its closely allied congener in Europe, 73 — Rem- 
 edies, 73 — Description of the larva, 73; of the pupa and imago, 
 74 — How it differs from AmpMpyra pyramidea, 74 — Description of 
 the larva and imago of the spattered copper under-wing, 75. 
 
 The grape-root borer, Sciapteron poVistiformis 75 
 
 Its distribution, 75 — Distinguishing characters of the larva, 76 — 
 Its transformation, 76 — Characters of the moth, 76 — Description 
 of the imago and its sexual differences, 76 — Work of the larva on 
 grape-roots, 77 — Remedies, 77. 
 
 The spotted Pelidnota, Pelidnota punctata 77 
 
 It is usually not injurious, 77 — The larva and its habits, 78 — The 
 beetle, 78 — Description of the larva, 78. 
 
 The grape-vine flea-beetle, Haltica chalybea 79 
 
 It is well known to the grape-grower in Missouri, 79 — Its distri- 
 bution and food-plants, 80 — Hibernation, 80 — Damage done by 
 the beetle in spring, 80— The eggs, 80 — Damage caused by the 
 larvae, 80 ; their transformation, 80— Remedies, 80 — Description 
 
 of the larva and pupa, 81. 
 
 t 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 155 
 
 1301. EiLEY, C. v.- Continued. 
 
 The grape-vine Colaspis, Colaspis flavida Bl 
 
 Fitch's account of the insect, 82— Varieties of the beetle, 82— The 
 larva in all probability attacks sometimes that of the leaf-folder, 
 82 — It lives on the roots of the strawberry, H-J— Larva of tlu^ En- 
 ropeau Colaspisbnrbara, 82— Difference in habitsof larva' of allied 
 species, 83 — Sinirnlar characters of the larva of the grape-vine 
 Colaspis, 83 — Work of the larva on strawberry roots, 83— Rem- 
 edy, 84 — Description of the larva, 84. 
 
 The grape-leaf gall-louse, PhifUoxera rastatrix 84 
 
 Its life-history not yet fully studied, 84— Previous accounts of the 
 insect by Fitch, Shimer, and Walsh, 85— The root disease in 
 France, 85 — The I'lujUoxera vaatatrix recognized as the cause of 
 this disease, 85 — Identity of the gall-louse with the root-inhabit- 
 ing insect, 86 — The American and European insects are identical, 
 86 — Remedies tried in France, 86 — The disease directly caused 
 by the Phylloxera, 87 — Injury done by the Phylloxera in Mis- 
 souri, 87 — Forming of the gall, 87 — Propagation of the lice and 
 multiplication of the galls, 88 — The gall-lice descend in the lat- 
 ter part of the season to the roots, 88 — Change of the insect after 
 passing from the leaves to the root, 88 — Questions still to be settled 
 in the life-history of the Phylloxera, 88— Rare occurrence of the 
 winged form, 89 — The insect" can be transported from one place to 
 another on roots, 89 — It hibernates on the roots, 89 — Grape-vines 
 that should be planted, 89 — Number of indigenous species of the 
 grape-vine, 90 — Grape-vines which are most seriously infested 
 with the grape-leaf louse, 90 — Danger in planting the Clinton 
 among other grapes, 91 — Insects acquiring different food-habits 
 as illustrated in the apple-maggot and the pine-leaf scale, 92 — 
 The ditierent forms of the grape-leaf louse, 93 — Discussion on the 
 proper place of the insect in the classification, 93 — On Dr. Shi- 
 nier's proposed new families Dactylosjyhwridw and Lepidoxaphidw, 
 93 — Objections to Fitch's specific name vitifolUr, 95 — Identity of 
 the European with the American insect, 95 — The apple-root louse 
 is identical with the woolly Aphis, 95— The gall-inhabiting form 
 of the Phylloxera identical with the root-inhabiting type, 96 — 
 Charactersof the genus Phylloxera and its place ia the system, 96. 
 
 The Coujkado potato-beetle again, Boryphora lOUneata 79 
 
 Its onward march, 97 — It invades the Dominion of Canada, 97 — 
 How it crossed Lake Michigan, 97 — It will probably spread 
 through Ontario Tinless preventive measures are taken, 98 — Ex- 
 cellent chance to prevent its spread in Canada, 9d — The Paris 
 green remedy, 99 — It is eflBcient if judiciously applied, 99— It 
 does not affect the tuber, 99— Natural checks to the increase of 
 the potato-beetle, 100— The great Lebia destroying the larv:c, 
 100— Bogus experiments, 100— The true remedy, 101— How to 
 prevent the insect from becoming too numerous, 101 — Planting 
 early varieties of potatoes, 101. 
 
 The codlixg-moth agaik, Carpocapua pomonella 101 
 
 Hay-bands around the trunk of the tree more eftectual than rags 
 placed in the fork, 102— The codling-moth is single-brooded in 
 the more northern countries, but double-brooded in the latitude 
 of St. Louis, 102— Sexual differences of the moth, 103— Sexual 
 characters in the genera Argynnis and Grapta, 103— The codling- 
 moth also infests peaches, 103. 
 
156 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1301. KiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The corn- worm alias boll-worm, HeUothis armigera 104 
 
 Its geographical range, 104 — Injury done by it to corn, 104 — It at- 
 tacks tomatoes and other i^lants, 105— Food-plants of the stalk- 
 borer, 105 — The egg of the corn-worm, 105 — Mr. Glover's account 
 of the habits of the boll-worm, 106— The larva is very variable in 
 color, 107— Its transformations, 107— Number of annual broods, 
 107 — Amount of damage done by it, 107— Remedies, 108— Attract- 
 ing the moth by sweets, 108— Heard's moth-trap, 109, 
 
 The fall army-worm, Laplnjgma friigiperda 109 
 
 Reports of its appearance in 1870, and how it was generally mis- 
 taken for the true army-worm, 109— It was also mistaken for the 
 boll- worm. 111- Injury caused by it, HI— How it differs from 
 the true army-worm, 112— It is a very variable species in the 
 imago state, 113 — The spiderwort ow let-moth, and how it differs 
 from the fall army-worm moth, 113— Number of annual broods 
 and time of appearance of the fall army-worm, 114— The eggs 
 and how they are deposited, 114— Preventive measures, 115— It 
 is never injurious during two consecutive years, 115 — Parasitic 
 checks, 116 — Description of the imago, 116 ; of the varieties and 
 the earlier states, 117. 
 
 The apple-tree tent-caterpillar, or American lackey-moth, 
 
 Clisiocampa americana 117 
 
 The wt^b-nests of the caterpillar and importance of their destruc- 
 tion, 118— «The egg-mass, 118— The caterpillar and its habits, 119— 
 Transformations of the insect, 119— The imago very variable in 
 color, 119— Food-plants of the caterpillar, 120— Remedies, 120— 
 Parasites and enemies, 120. 
 
 The tent caterpillar of the forest, Clisiocampa disstria 121 
 
 The egg-mass and how the eggs are deposited by the female moth, 
 121 — Development of the larva, 122 — Fitch's description of the full- 
 grown larva, 123 — Confusion arising from want of uniform rule 
 in describing larvae, 123— The cocoon, 124— The chrysalis and the 
 moth, 124— The web spun by the caterpillar, 124— Mr. Ferris's 
 observations on differences in habits, appearance, and food-plants 
 of the caterpillar, 125 — Phytophagic varieties or species, 127 — 
 Food-plants of the caterpillar, 127 — Its destructive powers, 127 — 
 Remedies, 128— Natural enemies and parasites, 128— Summary, 
 129. 
 
 The fall web-worm, Eyphantria cnnea 130 
 
 It is often mistaken for the tent-caterpillars, 130 — It feeds upon al- 
 most every kind of tree and shrub, 130 — The web spun by the 
 worm, 130 — General appearance of the worm, 130 — The chrysalis 
 and imago, 131 — Number of annual broods, 131 — Plants it pre- 
 fers, 131 — How it differs from the tent-caterpillar, 132 — Reme- 
 dies, 132 — Description of the larva, 132. 
 
 The blue-spangled peach-worm, CalUmorpha Jecontei 132 
 
 Winter retreat of the larva, 132 — General appearance of the larva, 
 133 — Chrysalis and imago, 133 — CaUimorjiha vestalis Packard 
 synonymous with C. fulvicosta, 133 — Food-plants, 134 — Descrip- 
 tion of the larva, 134. 
 
 The ash gray pinion, Lithophane cinerea 134 
 
 Food-plants of the larva, 135 — Transformations of the insect, 135 — 
 Characters of the moth, 135 — Description of larva and imago, 
 135— Remarks on allied species. 136. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 157 
 
 1301. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 UEXEFICIAL INSECTS. 
 
 The glassy-winged soldikk-uug, CampyUmcura vitripennis i:j7 
 
 It i)reys upon (liHVient species of leaf-hoppt-rs, l:!7 — Its larva aud 
 pupa, 138 — How it seizes its prey, lliS — Coloralion of the insect, 
 138— It was never observed before to attack the leaf-hoppers of 
 the grape-vine, 139 — Habits of the I'hytocorida; 139. 
 INNOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The WHITE-LINED MORNING Sphinx, DcUephila Uneata 140 
 
 Kesemblauce of the moth to a humming bird, 140 — Interest at- 
 tached to the study of lepidopterous larva-, 140 — Larval varia- 
 tions in the same species, 141 — Food-plants of the larva, 141 — 
 The light aud dark colored forms of the larva, 142 — Its geograph- 
 ical range, 142 — Parasite, 142. 
 
 Two OF OUR COMMON BUTTERFLIES 142 
 
 The archippus butterfly, Danain archippus 143 
 
 Synonymy of its specific name, 143 — Its geographical distribution, 
 143 — Characters of the Danaidw, 143 — Sexual difl'erences, 143 — 
 Food-plants, 144 — Hibernation, 144 — Two annual broods, 144 — 
 Description of the egg, 144— The larva and its larval changes, 
 145 — How the horns of the larva become longer at each molt, 
 145 — The full-grown larva, 146 — Interest attached to the meta- 
 morphoses of insects, 146 — How the larva becomes a chrysalis, 
 147 — The hardened chrysalis, 147 — Duration of the chrysalis state, 
 147 — The issuing of the butterfly, 148 — Protective colors of in- 
 sects, 148 — Nauseous odor of the archippus butterfly in all its 
 stages, 149 — The Tachina-parasite' of the archipjjus larva, 149 — 
 Action of the parasitized larva, 149 — How the Tachina larva and 
 other insects prepare the lid of their pnparia, 149— Characters 
 of this Tachina-fly, 150 — DiflQculties of the study of the Tachi- 
 naricv, 150 — Two forms occurring in Tachina archippivora, 150 — 
 The butterfly often congregating in immense swarms, 151 — Prob- 
 able reasons of this assembling in swarms, 152. 
 
 The disippus butterfly, Lhnenitis dmppna 153 
 
 Distinguishing characters of the Nymphalida;, 153 — Food-plants 
 and geographical range, 153— The egg, 153 — Description of the 
 egg, 154 — Development of the larva, 154 — I)escrij)tion of the ma- 
 ture and young larva, 154 — The insect hibernates as young larva, 
 155 — Case prepared by the larva for its winter quarters, 1.55 — 
 Modifications of the case, 15G— Peculiar habit of the autumnal 
 larvae, 156— Parasites, 157— Tachina-fly, 157— The Disippus egg- 
 parasite, 157 — The disippus Microgaster, 158. 
 
 Mimicry as illustrated by these two butterflies, with some remarks 
 
 on the theory of natural selection - 159 
 
 Conformity of color between animals and their surroundings, 159 — 
 Definition of the term "mimicry," 160— Pungent odor possessed 
 by the Danaidw, 160— Their mode of flight, 160— Protection they 
 derive from their peculiar odor. 161 — r'uridw and Danaidw in the 
 valley of the Amazon, 161 — Mimetic forms of r'uridw, 161 — E.\- 
 planation of the origin of mimetic forms, 162 — Mimicry between 
 the archippus and disippus butterflies, 1(;3 — The Ursula butter- 
 fly, 163 — Its cateri)illar and chrysalis undistinguishable from 
 those of the Disippus, 163 — Its imago has no protective color, 
 164— Mr. Bennett's objections to the theory of natural selection 
 producing mimetic forms, 16.5-^r. Scudder's objections, 166 — 
 Discussion of Mr. Scudder's arguments, 167— Mr. Murray's ob- 
 
158 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1301. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 jections to the connection between mimetic resemblances and 
 natural selection, 170 — Natural selection not the only power pro- 
 ducing mimicry, 171 — Reasons for discussing in this report the 
 theory of natural selection, 172 — Natural selection involves be- 
 lief in the doctrine of evolution, 173— Darwinism is neither irre- 
 ligious nor atheistic, 174. 
 
 1302. Riley, C V. Snout-beetles injurious to fruits. <Trans. 111. 
 
 Hortic. Soc. for 1870, 1S71, n. s., v. 4, pp. 89-124, tigs. 1-11. 
 Reprint, with additions and omissions: <3d Ann. Rept. State 
 Ent. Mo., April, 1871, pp. 5-14, figs. 1, 3, 4, 7-14. 
 
 See No. 1301 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1303. Riley, C. V. Bark-lice on rose bushes. <Moore's Rural New 
 
 Yorker, 21 June, 1871, v. 23, p. 393. S.-b. No. 4, p. 3. 
 Answer to inquiry of W. A. French ; occurrence of and means against Le- 
 canium rosce l^=olece'\ and Diaspis rosm on rose bushes. 
 
 1304. Riley, C. V. Canker-worms; not army- worms. <Moore's 
 
 Rural New Yorker, 24 June, 1871, v. 23, p. 393. 
 
 1305. Riley, C. "V. How to distinguish between Limenitis disippus 
 
 Godt., and X. Ursula Fabr., in their preparatory states. <Ca. 
 Ent., July, 1871, v. 3, pp. 52-53, fig. 24. 
 Description and figures of structural characters distinguishing the larva and 
 pupa oi Limenitis disippus from those of i. iirsula ; see No. 1306. 
 
 1306. Riley, C. V. Friendly notes. <Ca. Ent., September, 1871, v. 
 
 3, pp. 117-119. 
 
 Distinctive structural characters of pupae of Limenitis disippus and L. insula ; 
 criticism of W. Couper's articles; description, food, and habits of Gelecliia 
 [^^i^IIolcocera^ glanduJella n. sp, ; review of statements concerning the 
 dimorphism of Grapta interrogationis. 
 
 1307. Riley-, C. Y. Friendly criticism. <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, 
 
 November, 1871, v. 13, p. 341. 
 InefiBcacy of the roller remedy for potato-beetles and grasshoppers ; identifies 
 ^^Melolontha philophaga" as Lachnosterna quercina l^fusca']. 
 
 1308. Riley, C. Y. Parasites on fowls. The chicken mite. <Moore's 
 
 Rural New Yorker, 16 December, 1871. S.-b. No. 5, p. 31. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Hales; injuries to fowls caused by Dermaiigssus gal- 
 liucef [:^at"tM»i]. 
 
 1309. Riley, C. Y. The American Entomologist. <Cultivator and 
 
 Country Gentl., 21 December, 1871, v. 36, p. 809. Reprint: 
 <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, January, 1872, v. 14, p. 23. <Ca. 
 Ent., January, 1872, v. 4, p. 19. 
 
 Announcement of the continued suspension of ijublication of the American 
 Entomologist. 
 
 ]3(l9rt. [Riley, C. Y.] {Lxodes hovis.) <Rept. Comm. of Agric. on the 
 diseases of cattle. Washington, 1871, p. 118, fig. 
 
 Description and figure of Lxodes bovis n. sp. 
 
 1310. Riley, C. Y. The acorn moth. Holcoeera glandulella, n. sp. 
 
 <Ca. Ent, January, 1872, v. 4, pp. 18, 19. 
 
 Description of larva and imago of Holcoeera glandulella n. sp. ; habits of 
 larva ; food-plant and description of larva of Balaninus rectus. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.' 159 
 
 1311. Riley, C. V. Fourth auimal report on the noxious, beneficial, 
 and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the Stat<' 
 Board of Agriculture, i)ursuant to an ai)i>ropriati()n for this 
 purpose from the legislature of tiie State. <7th Ann. Kept. 
 State Board of Agric. for 1871, April, 187l', pj). 140+0, G(> 
 tigs. Separate: <Jeflersou City, Mo., April, 1872, ]>p. 140 + 0, 
 CO figs. Notice: <Horticulturist, August, 187L*, v. !i7, p. L'ol. 
 <Ent. Mo. Mag., July, 1872, v. 9, p. 47. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 Preface 3 
 
 noxious insects. 
 Notes of the year r> 
 
 The Colorado potato-beetle,* Doryphora 10-lineata 5 
 
 Its iujiiriea in 1871, 5 — Ita appearance in great numbers in early 
 spring, 5 — Exorbitant price of Paris green, G — Natural enemies 
 of the beetle very abundant, 6 — Diminution in numbers of the 
 beetle later in tbe season, 7 — Causes of such diminution, 7 — Dam- 
 age caused by the potato-beetle in Missouri, 7 — It invaded Can- 
 ada in 1870, 8 — The three-lined potato-beetle mistaken for it in 
 New York and Massachusetts, 8 — Its further spread eastward ir- 
 resistible, 8 — Slow spread of the insect in the South, 9 — Its pres- 
 ent extent northward, 9 — It spreads but does not leave the dis- 
 tricts already invaded, 9 — It is not injurious to potatoes in Col- 
 orado at a certain altitude, 10 — New food-plants, 10 — It feeds 
 upon cabbage, 10 — Its hibernatiou, 11 — Objections raised against 
 the use of Paris green, 11 — Paris green is an efficient remedy and 
 now in general use, 12 — Box for dusting Paris green, I'i — Mixing 
 the poison with diluents, 12 — No serious cases of poisoning have 
 come to knowledge, 13 — Antidote for Paris green, I'.i — Other ap- 
 plications, 13 — Messrs. Saunder's and Reed's experiments with 
 various substances, 14 — Experiments ijith decoctions of various 
 plants, 15 — Air-slacked lime as a remedy, 15 — Mechanical means, 
 15 — Squire's brushing machine, 15 — Creighton's improved patent 
 insect destroyer, 15 — Disadvantage of all mechanical means, 16 — 
 A simple and eftective way of brushing oil' and killing the bugs, 
 16 — Natural enemies increasing, 16 — Chickens acquiring a taste 
 for eggs and larv;e of the beetle, 16 — Spiders are among its ene- 
 mies, 17— The 15-spotted lady-bird and its larva, 18— The icy 
 lady-bird, 18— The ring-banded soldier-bug. 19— The dotted-legged 
 plant-bug, 19 — The spined soldier-bug in its earlier states, 20 — 
 The Nebraska bee-killer, 21 — The Kansas bombardier-beetle, 21 — 
 Rove-beetles of the genera Philonihtis and Quedius, 21. 
 
 The codling-moth again, Carpdcapaa pomonella 22 
 
 Time of year that the first moths appear, 22— Time reiiuired for de- 
 velopment, 22 — Proper time to apply the bandages around the 
 tree, 22— It attacks peaches, 22— Best kind of bandages, 23— 
 Wier's apple-worm trap, 23— Advantages and disadvantages of 
 the trap, 24— Overestimating the valueof Wier's trap, 25— Jarring, 
 25— Mr. Chapin's method of knocking down the wormy apples, 
 26— When tliis operation should begin, 26— Fires, lights, and 
 bottles of liquid not to be recommended asaremedy, 27 — rt'orth- 
 lessness of Todd's book, "The apple culturist," 28— Natural eue- 
 
 * Extract in <Sci. Amer., 25 May, 1872, v. 25, p. 351. 
 
160 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1311. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 inies, 28— The Pennsylvania soldier-beetle and its larva, 28— The 
 two-lined soldier-beetle and its larva, 29 — Description of the 
 larva of TeUphorus Ulineatus, 30— Summary, 30. 
 The periodical Cicada, Tibicen septendecim , 30 
 
 Reproduction, with corrections and additions, of the chronolog- 
 ical table of Broods I to VI from Report I, 31. 
 The grape-vine Colaspis again, Colaspis flavida 34 
 
 Redescription of the larva from well-preserved specimens, 34. 
 The harlequin cabhagf.-bv g, Murganiia histrionica 35 
 
 It was not known in Missouri prior to 1870, 35— Its geographical 
 range and color variations, 35 — Insect enemies of the cabbage- 
 plant, 35 — Dr. Lyncecum's account of its habits and injury 
 caused by it in Texas, 36— Its appearance in Missouri in 1870, 
 36 — The egg, 37— The larva and pupa, 37— Several annual broods, 
 37— The mature bug, 37— Injury caused by it, 37— Its congener 
 in Europe, 38. 
 The rascal leaf-crumpler, Acrobaais indignella 38 
 
 Its proper scientific name, 38— It is hardly noticed in summer time, 
 .38 — Injury caused by it, 39 — It hibernates as larva, 39 — Habits of 
 the larva, 39 — The larval case, 39 — Characteristics of the moth, 
 39 — Food-plants, 39 — Remedies, 40 — Natural enemies, 40 — Le 
 Baron's description of TacliinaphijcitK, 40 — Limneria fugitiva, 41 — 
 Description of imago, larva, and chrysalis of the rascal leaf- 
 crumpler, 41 — Description of the variety nebulella, 42. 
 The walnut case-bearer, Acrobasis juglandis 42 
 
 Other case-bearers enumerated, 42 — The case of the walnut case- 
 bearer, 42 — Differences between the motli and that of the rascal 
 leaf-crumpler, 43 — Natural enemies, 43 — Description of Perilitus 
 indigator, 43. 
 The apple-leaf skeletonizer, Fempelia hammondi 44 
 
 Its work on the leaves of apple-trees, 44 — The worm and the chrys- 
 alis, 44 — Appearance of the moth, 45 — Mr. Hammond's account 
 of the injury caused by the worm, 45 — The European Aa-obasis 
 consocieUa, 45 — Remedies and parasites, 45 — Description of the 
 imago, larva, and impa, 46. 
 The green apple leaf-tyer, Teras Cinderella 1... 46 
 
 It occurs almost always in company with the foregoing, 46 — 
 Characters and habits of the worm, 46 — The chrysalis, 47 — De- 
 scription of imago, larva, and chrysalis, 47. 
 The lesser apple leaf-folder, Teras malivorana 47 
 
 Its larva and jjupa closely resemble those of the foregoing species, 
 47 — Mr. Wier's account of its habits, 48 — Remedy, 49. 
 The apple-leaf bucculatrix, Bucculatrix pomifoliella 49 
 
 It is not very injurious in Missouri, 49 — Account of damage caused 
 by it in New York, 50 — The worm and its habits, 50— Its trans- 
 formations, 50 — Season of the appearance of the moth, 50 — Rem- 
 edies, 50 — HaAntfiot Bucculatrix thuiella, 51 — Description of larva 
 and pupa of the apple-leaf Bucculatrix, 51. 
 The apple-twig borer, AmphicerHn bicandatus 51 
 
 Its frequent occurrence in Missouri, 51 — Characters of the beetle, 
 52— The holes made by it in the twigs, 52 — The holes are made 
 only for food and protection, 52— The insect breeds probably in 
 the sap-wood of forest trees, 52— The larva of Sinoxylon basilare 
 mistaken for that of the apple-twig borer, 52 — Remedy, 53. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 161 
 
 1311. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Inskcts injurious to tiik orape-vixe 53 
 
 The red-shonlderetl Sinoxylon, Sinoxi/lon basilare 53 
 
 Characteristics of the insect as imago, larva, and pii])!!, r)4— Dam- 
 age done by it to grape-vines, frnit trees, and hiciiory, 54 — De- 
 scription of the larva and pupa, 54. 
 Grape disease 55 
 
 The grape-leaf gall-louse. Phylloxera vastatrix 55 
 
 Its scientific name, 55 — The law of priority, 55 — European grape- 
 vines valueless in the eastern United States, 55 — Deterioration 
 of some of our native vines, 56 — Climatic reasons for the failure 
 of European vines, 50 — The principal cause of this failure is the 
 Phylloxera, 56 — Further proof of the identity of the American 
 with the European insect, 57— Reasons for the identity of the 
 gall-louse with the root-lonse, 57 — Further facts respecting 
 the habits of the root-louse, 58 — Underground forms, 58 — The 
 young lice and their habits, 59 — Hibernation, 59 — The pupa, 59 — 
 The winged female, 59 — Susceptibility of different vines to the 
 attacks of the louse, 60 — Classification of the North American 
 grape-vines according to their practical importance, 60 — Synopsis 
 of the true grape-vines of the United States, by Dr. George En- 
 gelmann, 00 — Difficulty of separating the cultivated varieties of 
 grape-vine, 61 — Importance of a proper classification of culti- 
 vated grape-vines, 62 — Importation into Europe of resisting 
 American vines, 62 — Enumeration of the cultivated varieties and 
 their susceptibility to the disease, 63 — No variety is entirely ex- 
 empt from the attacks of the root-louse, 64 — American vines 
 which resisted the root-louse in Europe, 64 — Means of contagion 
 from one vine to another, 64 — The spread of the root-lice from 
 one vine to another, 64 — Transportation of the louse upon the 
 roots of seedlings and cuttings, 64 — Spread of the disease in 
 France, 64 — The winged female of the root-louse and her func- 
 tion, 65 — The vernal leaf-gall, 65 — Preference of the winged 
 Phylloxera for the Clinton grape and its allies, 65 — Power of 
 flight of Phylloxera caryafolia; 66 — Deposition of the eggs upon 
 the leaf, 66 — Probable reasons why the injuries of the Phylloxera 
 are greater in Europe than in America, 66 — Outward and more 
 visible effects of the root-disease, 67 — Practical suggestions, 07 — 
 No need to destroy the Clinton vines, 67 — Influence of soil on 
 the intensity of the disease, 67 — Remedies, 68 — Destruction of 
 the gall-lice, 68 — Destruction of the root-lice, 68 — Results of ex- 
 periments in France with various substances, 68 — Irrigation and 
 submersion, 09 — R<5suin6 of the insect's history, 69 — No need of^ 
 unnecessary alarm, 70. 
 
 beneficial insects. 
 
 Silkworms 72 
 
 Introductory 72 
 
 The Morns multicauUa fever and its reaction, 72 — Increasing atten- 
 tion lately given to silk-culture in America, 72 — North America 
 well adapted to the raising of silk, 73 — General outlines of the 
 natural history of the eight species of silkworms treated of in 
 this report, 74. 
 11 ENT 
 
162 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1311. Riley, 0. V.— Continued. 
 
 The mulberry silkworm, Sericaria moi'i 75 
 
 Its past history, 75— Earliest silk-culture in China and India. 75— 
 Its introduction into Europe, 76 — Value of silk produced iu 
 Frauce, 76— The "Silk Supply Association" in England, and its 
 objects, 76— Countries exporting raw silk, 77— The name given 
 to silk by different nations, 77 — History of the mulberry silk- 
 worm in America, 77 — Its introduction and failure of earlier ef- 
 forts, 77 — Renewal of silk-culture within the past decade, 77 — 
 Silk manufacture in the United States, 78 — Favorable prospects 
 for raising silk in this country, 78 — Silk-growing in California, 
 79 — Mr. Prevost's "California Silk-grower's Manual," 79— False 
 statements and exaggerations in Prevost's book, 79 — Sale of Cal- 
 ifornian silkworm eggs, 80 — Disastrous effect of the Franco- 
 Prussian war on the egg trade, 81 — Success of silk-culture in Cal- 
 ifornia dependent on the ability to reel the silk, 81 — Silk-culture 
 in Kansas, 82 — Mons. Boissi^re's silk establishment and its 
 chances of success, 82 — Silk-growing in Missouri, 83 — The fall 
 season in Missouri eminently propitious for rearing silkworms, 
 84 — Natural history of the silkworm, 84 — Races of the silkworm 
 produced by domestication, 84 — Effects produced on the insect 
 by domestication, 85 — The egg, 86 — Larva and larval changes, 
 86 — Cocoon, chrysalis, and moth, 87 — No insect parasite of the 
 silkworm in Europe, 87 — The " Uji" disease in China and Japan, 
 87 — Diseases of the silkworm, 88; the Muscardine, its effect and 
 cause, 88; the Pehrlue disease, its symptoms and cause, 89; 
 nature and origin of these diseases, 90 — Other diseases of the 
 silkworm, 91 — Best varieties or races, 90 — Different forms of co- 
 coons produced by different races, 92 — How best to rear silk- 
 worms, 92 — Rearing a very simple process, 92 — Character of 
 climate of the Japanese silk districts, 93 — Keeping the eggs dur- 
 ing the winter, 93 — Hatching of the eggs, 93 — Room and building 
 for the rearing of the worms, 93 — The feeding net or fillet, 94 — 
 Importance of carrying all the worms simultaneously through 
 their molts, 94 — Regularity of feeding, 95— Regulating the tem- 
 perature, 95— Cocoonery, 96— Choking the chrysalis, 96 — Egg- 
 laying, 97 — Selecting and fastening the cocoons for breeding pur- 
 poses, 97 — Treatment of the female moths after copulation, 97 — 
 Preservation of Jhe eggs, 97— Reeling, 98— Great skill required 
 to accomplish the work properly, 98— Classification of raw silk, 
 98— Preparing the cocoons for reeling, 98 — Objectsof and manip- 
 ulations in reeling, 99— Best food for the worms, 100 — Varieties 
 of the mulberry, 100— Cultivation of the mulberry, 100— Osage 
 orange as silkworm food, 100— Introduction of the osage orange 
 into France, 100 — Experiments in America with feeding silk- 
 worms on osage' orange, 101— Advantages and disadvantages of 
 the osage orange, 102. 
 
 The cecropia silkworm, Attacus cecropxa 103 
 
 Changes made in its scientific generic name, 103 — General appear- 
 ance of the moth, 103— Fitch's explanation of the specific name, 
 104— Food-plants, 104— The cocoon, 104— Value of the cocoon as 
 compared with that of the polyphemus moth, 105— How the 
 moth issues from the coco .n, lOr,— The moth immediately after 
 hatching, 106— The eg;;, 106— Description of the larval changes, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 163 
 
 1311. Riley, C. V.— Coiitiuued. 
 
 lOG — Strange habit of birds of using the empty cocoon ns a store- 
 house, 107 — The cecropia worm cau not be classed as an injurious ^ 
 insect, 107 — Sainia Columbia ought to be considered a variety of 
 cecropia, 107 — Parasites, 107 — The h)ng-tailed Ophion, 107; its 
 mode of ovipositiou, lOd; habits of its larva, 108 — The cecropia 
 Tachina-tly, 108; how it ati'ects its victim, 108; its larva and 
 imago, lO'J— The Mary Chalcis-lly, 109 ; how it escapes from the 
 cocoon of the moth, 109; description of the imago, 110 — The ce- 
 cropia Cryptns, 110; its habits, 110; description of the two sexes, 
 111 ; how it differs from the allied specii's, 111. 
 
 The Allan thus silkworm, Attucns cynthia 112 
 
 Difference between the silkworms of the castor-beau and Ailaiithus, 
 112 — Introduction of the Ailanthus silkworm into Europe, 113 — 
 Ailanthiculture iu Europe, 113 — Its introduction into America, 
 114 — Disadvantages of the Ailanthus silkworm, 115 — Its acclima- 
 tization iu America and Australia, 115 — Valueof the cocoon, 115 — 
 Mr. Forgemol's device for unwinding the cocoon, IIG — Natural 
 history of the Ailanthus silkworm, 117 — The egg and mode of 
 egg-laying, 117 — Larval changes, 117 — Pupation, 118— The imago 
 and its variations, 118 — Food-plants, 118 — Directions for raising 
 the worms, 119 — A good word for the Ailanthus tree, 120. 
 
 The promethea silkworm, A ttacus promethea 121 
 
 Value of the cocoon, 121 — Mode of egg-laying, 121 — Larval changes, 
 121 — How the cocoon is fastened to the twig, 122 — Striking 
 sexual difference in the moth, 122 — CaUosamia angulifera ought 
 not to be considered as a diflerent species, 122 — Food-plants of 
 the worm, 123 — Natural enemies, 123. 
 
 The luna silkworm, Actias luna 123 
 
 The beautiful appearance of the moth, 123 — The cocoon, 124 — Food- 
 plants, 124 — Larval changes, 124 — Season when the imago issues, 
 125 — No parasites of the worm known, 125 — Actias selene proba- 
 bly identical with luna, 125. 
 
 The polyphemus silkworm, Telea polyphemus 125 
 
 Mode of egg-laying, 125 — The egg, 126— Food-plants, 126— Larval 
 changes, 126 — Tiie cocoon, 126 — Mr. Tronvelot's account of the 
 issuing of the moth, 127 — Wonderful vitality of the chrysalis, 
 127 — Characters of the moth and its variations, 12-i — The broad 
 antenuic of the male moth mistaken for a third pair of wings, 
 . 128 — Difficulty of reeling the cocoon, 129— Number of annual 
 broods, 129— Parasites, 129. 
 
 The yama-mai silkworm, Antherwa yama-mai 130 
 
 Its native home ami food-plant, 130 — Its introduction into Europe 
 and Australia, 130 — Attempts at raising it in America, 130 — The 
 egg and how it should be kept over winter, 131 — Climate most 
 favorable for the worm, 131 — The worm and its resemblance to 
 the leaf, 132 — Food-plants, 132 — Larval changes, 132— The co- 
 coon and the value of its silk, 133 — The moth and its habits, 
 133 — Difficulties of rearing the worm, 133 — Mr. Adams's account 
 of rearing the yama-mai worm in .Japan, 134 — The Lji parasite, 
 136, 
 
 The pcrny silkworm, Aniherwa peruyi i:j7 
 
 Its native home, l:;7 — How it ditlcrs from the preceding, 137— Lar- 
 val changes, 137 — The cocodu and its silk, 137 — The moth, i;57 — 
 Its culture iu China, 138 — The tusseh silkworm. 13S. 
 
164 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1311. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Summary 138 
 
 Successful silk culture possible in this country, 138— Comparative 
 value of the different species of silkworms, 138. 
 
 INNOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The horned Fassai,vs, Passalus comutus 139 
 
 Its frequent occurrence in old logs, 139 — The noise produced by the 
 beetle, 139 — It occurs only iu decaying wood, 140 — The larva 
 and its exceptional character, 140 — Description of the larva, 
 140 — Previous description of Passalus larvae, 141 — Description of 
 the pupa, 141. 
 The great leopard moth, Ecpantheria scribonia 141 
 
 Characters of the larva, 141 — Food-plants, 142 — Hibernation and 
 transformations, 14"2 — The imago, 14^ — The larva able to resist 
 extreme cold, 143 — Description of the larva, 143. 
 The ISABELLA TIGER MOTH, Pyrrharctia isabella 143 
 
 Characters of the larva, 143 — Food-plants, 143— Cocoon and chry- 
 salis, 143 — The moth, 144— The popular name " fever- worm " in 
 the South, 144 — No parasite known of this and the preceding spe- 
 cies, 144. 
 The ACORN moth, Holcocera glandulella 144 
 
 The egg laid in acorns that have been ruined by Balaninus rectus, 
 144 — Habits of the larva, 144 — Characters of larva and moth, 
 145 — Description of imago, larva, and pupa, 145. 
 
 1312. EiLEY, C. V. Thomas Wier's apple- worm trap. <Amer. Agric, 
 
 A.pril, 1872, v. 31, pp. 142-143, 1 fig. 
 
 Description and figure of Wier's apple- worm trap. 
 
 1313. [Riley, C. V.] Eemarkable parasitic fungus. <Sci. Amer., 25 
 
 May, 1872 [v. 40], n. s., v. 26, p. 347. 
 Description and figure of unidentified fungus infesting the larva of the white 
 grub, Lachnosterna fusca. 
 
 1314. EiLEY, C. V. Cut- worm lion. <Colman's Rural World, 15 June, 
 
 1872, fig. S.-b. No. 5, p. 47. 
 History of the larva and imago of Calosoma calidum, an enemy to cut-worms. 
 
 1315. EiLEY, C. V. Cut- worms. <Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 
 
 20 June, 1872, v. 37, p. 392. 
 Dandelions and other weeds furnish food for young cut-worms which hatch 
 in the fall ; land should be kept clear of weeds at that season. 
 
 1316. Riley, C. V. Flat-beaded apple tree-borer in borse chestnut. 
 
 <Colman's Rural World, 22 June, 1872, fig. S.-b. No. 5, p. 47. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. S. E. ; natural history of larva and imago of Chri/no- 
 bothris femorata. 
 
 1317. Riley, C. V. A new insect. <Western Planter, 29 June, 1872. 
 
 S.-b. No. 5, p. 49. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. Halsinger; Nysius n. sp., very destructive to po- 
 tatoes. 
 
 1318. Riley, C. V. Codling - moth ; jarring down infested fruit. 
 
 <Cultivator and Country Gentleman, 4 July, 1872, v. 37, p. 422. 
 
 Excrement outside of the fruit indicates the exit of the worm, with some 
 varieties ; with others the worm may be often found after the excrements 
 are visible. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 165 
 
 1319. KiLEY. C. V. Food for silkvrorms. <Colinan's Rural World, 13 
 
 July, 1872. S.b. No. o, p. 40. 
 Osage oruuye superior to red-mnlberiy. 
 
 1320. Riley, C. V. The ai)i)le maggot-fly, Tnjpeta pomonella Walsh. 
 
 <Amer. Agric, July, 1872, v. 31, pp. 203-201, 2 ligs. 
 Answer to letter of J. H. Spatter; coinparative descriptions and figures of 
 larvie. pu]);e, and iniagos of Tri/peta pomonvUa and Carpocapsa jwmonclla; 
 tignres showing injnries of both species ; distribution and means .against 
 Triipeta pomonella. 
 
 1321. Riley, C. V. Worms ou Dutchman's pipe. <Colmaii's Rural 
 
 World, 3 August, 1872, fig. S.-b. No. 5, ]). 130. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. T. C. ; life-history of Papilio philenor. 
 
 1322. Riley, C. Y. Apple-leaf worm. The apple-leaf sTveietoDizer. 
 
 <Colmau's Rural World, 10 August, 1872, fig. S.-b. No. 5, 
 p. 138. 
 Answer to inquiry of L. R. Bryant ; habits and times of appearance of Pem- 
 pelia hammondi. 
 
 1323. Riley, C. Y. Eggs in grape-canes and apple-twigs. <Amer. 
 
 Agric, August, 1872, v. 31, p. 302, figs. 1-7. 
 Figures of eggs and of twigs ininciurod by Urocharis saltator, CEcanthus niveus, 
 and Ceresa buialus ; figures imagos of the same ; habits, descriptions of eggs, 
 and imagos of the three species. 
 
 1324. Riley', C. Y. Borers iu evergreens. <Gardener's Mo. and 
 
 Hortic, December, 1872, v. 14, p. 373. 
 Larvse of Monohammus titillator the worst enemy of the white-pine; another 
 species of Cei-ambycidce injurious to red-cedars ; a host of bark-borers aflfect 
 all kinds of evergreens. 
 
 1325. Riley, C. Y. Einige unserer schiidlicherer Insekten. <St. 
 
 Louis, Mo., 1872, p. 35, il. S.-b. No. 11), pp. 174-190. 
 
 Causes of the decadence of viticulture in the United States; habits, ravages, 
 specific identity, and figures of several stages of the leaf-inhabiting and 
 root-inhabiting forms of Phylloxera vastatrix; identity of the European 
 and American grape Phylloxera; susceptibility of the dift'erent species of 
 grape to the attacks of the same ; principal manifestations of attack ; pre- 
 ventive and remedial measures; description and figures of Conotrachelus 
 nenuphar; habits, ravages, parasites, enemies, and means against it; de- 
 scription of Ransom's trap, Hull's, Ward's, and Hooten's machines for cap- 
 turing the imagos ; figures of the machines. Natural history, food-plants, 
 distribution, enemies, parasites, and means against Z)an/^>/iora decemlineata; 
 figures of all stages of the same ; use of Paris green and other powders ; 
 mechanical devices for collecting the insects. 
 
 1320. Riley, C. Y. Harvest mites. <Amer. Nat., January, 1873, v. 
 7, pp. 10-19, fig. 5. p]\tract : <Cobnan's Rural World, 21 June, 
 1870, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 170, 171. ' 
 
 List of insect parasites on man ; description, figures, habits of and means 
 against Leptus [= Tetranychus'] americanus n. sp. and Z. [= T. ] irrilans n. sp. 
 
 1327. Riley, C. Y. Vanessa antiopa. <Eut. Mo. Mag., January, 1873, 
 V. 9, p. 195. 
 Habits and food-plants of Faneasa antiopa. 
 
166 BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1328. EiLEY, C. V. Entomological correction. <Cultivator and Coun- 
 
 try Gentleman, 6 March, 1873, v. 38, p. 149. 
 Lema trilineata does not occur in southwestern Missouri, as stated by W. R. 
 Howard. 
 
 1329. BiLEY, 0. V. Fifth annual report on the noxious, beneficial, and 
 
 other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State Board 
 of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this purpose 
 from the legislature of the State. <8th Ann. Rept. State Board 
 of Agric. for 1872, 18 April, 1873, pp. 160+8, 75 figs. Separate: 
 <Jefiferson City, Mo., 18 April, 1873, pp. 160 + 8, 75 figs. Re- 
 view by A. S. Packard, jr. : <Amer. Nat., August, 1873, v. 7, 
 pp. 471-477, figs. 115-130. Reply to Packard and rejoinder by 
 Packard : <Amer. Xat., Marcli, 1874, v. 8. pp. 181-188. 
 
 contents. 
 Preface , , 3 
 
 Entomology, its relations to agriculture and its advancement* 5 
 
 Definition of entomology, 5 — The term "insect," 5 — The four sub- 
 kingdoms of the animal kingdom, 6 — Characteristics of insects, 
 7 — Classification of insects, 8 — Hymenoptera, 9 — Coleoptera, 
 10 — Lepidoptera, 11 — Hemiptera, 12 — Diptera, 13 — Orthoptera, 
 14 — Neuroptera, 14 — Osculant and aberrant groups, 15 — Import- 
 ance of entomology as a study, 17 — Economic importance of en- 
 tomology, 18 — Relation of insects to agriculture, 18 — Damage 
 inflicted by insects to agriculture and horticulture, 19 — Progress 
 of economic entomology, 19 — Economic entomology in Europe, 
 19 — Insects in America much more injurious than in Europe, 21 — 
 State entomologists and entomologists in public positions in the 
 United States, 21 — How to counterwork noxious insects, 23 — 
 Prevention, 24 — Checking the spread of injurious insects, 24 — 
 Cure, 25— Modification of Dr. Hull's Curculio-catcher, 25— En- 
 couragement of the natural enemies of injurious insects, 26— 
 Duties of a State entomologist, 27 — Annual report, 27 — Corre- 
 spondeuce and other duties, 28— How to collect, preserve, and 
 study insects, 29— Appliances for collecting, 29— Use of the um- 
 brella, 29— The knapsack, 30— The hand net, 30— The frame of 
 the net, 30— The bag of the net, 31— Use of the sieve, 31— Sugar- 
 ing, 32— Attracting moths by light, 32— How to kill insects, 32— 
 The cyanide bottle, 32— Use of chloroform, 33— Entomotaxy, 
 34— Insect-pins, 34— How to pin insects, 34— How to mount small 
 insects, 34— Spreading-board, 35— Drying-box, 36— Insect boxes 
 and cabinet, 37— Mr. Lintner's boxes for Lepidoptera, 38— Sub- 
 stances for lining insect-boxes, 40— Preserving insects in the 
 collection, 41— Relaxing specimens, 41— Breeding insects, 41— 
 Breeding-cage, 42— Note-book of the collector, 43— How to trans- 
 mit insects, 44— Text-books, 44. 
 
 noxious insects. 
 Notes of the Year 46 
 
 The codling-moth, Carpocapsa pomonella ...• 4C 
 
 Experiments with Wier's apple-worm trap, 46— Value of different 
 materials for bandages, 47— Jarring, 48— Occurrence of the apple- 
 
 * Pages 17-27 were reprinted under title Entomology in <Rept. State Board Agric. 
 Kansas for 1873, 1874, pp. 266-274. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 167 
 
 1329. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 worm iu Caliloriiia, 49 — Enemies and parasites, 49 — The ring- 
 legs^ed Pimpla, 49 — Tht5 delicate longstiug, 50 — Other enemies, 
 51 — Efficiency of the spiued soldior-bug, 51 — False doctriueH for 
 exterminating the codliug-moth, 51. 
 The Colorado potato-beetle, Dorypliora lO-lhieala 52 
 
 Its companitivo harmlessness in 1872, 52 — New food-plants, 52 — 
 Its progress eastward up to 1872, 52 — Experiments wiili Paris 
 green, 53 — New enemies, 53 — The rust-red social wasp, 54 — The 
 rose- breasted grosbeck, 54. 
 The apple-twig borer, Amphicerus bicaudaius 54 
 
 It attacks also pear twigs, 54— It has been bred from grai)e canes 
 by Dr. Shimer, 54. 
 Egg of the horned Passalus, Passalus cornutus 55 
 
 The egg, 55 — The newly hatched larva, 55 — Rapid development of 
 the insect, 55. 
 Egg of the common May beetle, Lachnosterna fusca 55 
 
 Description of the eggs and how they are deposited, 55. 
 Egg of the broad-uecked Fvionns, rrionus laticollis 56 
 
 Characteristics of the eggs and where they are deposited, 56. 
 Eggs of American tent-caterpillar, Clisiocampa nmericana 56 
 
 Correction of the figure given iu Report III of the egg-belt, 56. 
 Counterworking the tobacco-worm, Proioparce celeiis 56 
 
 Mr. White's method of planting the Jamestown weed among the 
 potatoes and poisoning the blossoms thereof, 56. 
 The grape Phylloxera, Phylloxera vastatrix 57 
 
 Its popular name, 57 — Accounts of the unusual mortality among 
 grape-vines in the spring of 1872, 57 — Causes of this mortality 
 given in the accounts, 59 — Excessive drought and overbearing, 
 60 — The Phylloxera is the true cause, 60 — Actual proof of the 
 Phylloxera haviug caused the mortality among grape-vines, 61 — 
 Influences that favored the increase of the lice in 1«72, 61 — Im- 
 portance of a full understanding and management of the Phyl- 
 loxera, 62 — Its range iu North America, 62 — Its spread in Europe, 
 63— Inconstancy in the habits of the gall-lice, 63 — The leaves of 
 the Clinton vine no longer affected by the gall-lice since 1871, 
 63— Method of formation of the leaf-gall, 64— Relative immunity 
 of American vines in Europe, 64 — Propagating American varie- 
 ties from cuttings, 65 — Appreciation of American vines in Eu- 
 rope, 66 — Careless statement published as to the immunity of 
 Labnisca vine, 66— Grafting the grape-vine, 67— New theories, 
 67 — The Phylloxera is the true cause and not the effect of the 
 disease, 67— 3Ir. Laliman's theory that the insect has always ex- 
 isted in Europe, C)8—0i(Ut<m tuckcri of Europe and America iden- 
 tical, 69— Mr. Saunders's account of the presence of Oidinm incleri 
 in America, 70 — Means of contagion of the disease from one vine to 
 another, 69— Flying capacity of the winged Phylloxera, 70 — The 
 male louse, 71— Remedies, 71— Efficacy of carbolic acid and soot, 
 71— Value of submersion orirrigation, 72— Sprinkling with quick- 
 lime, ashes, etc., 72— Mr. Lichteustein's experiments to allure 
 the lice, 72 — Experiments with carbolic acid, 73. 
 The oyster- shell bark-louse of the apple, Mytilaspin pomonivi.. 73 
 
 Its occurrence iu Missouri, 74— lis appearance iu Luray County, 
 Missouri, 74— Mr. Ilanan's account of its spread, 75— Its occur- 
 rence in Southern Missouri, 76— Its occurrence in Mississippi and 
 Georgia, 78— Its appearance in Kansas, 79— It is double- brooded 
 
168 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1329. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 iu the South, 79— The waxy secretion of Homoptera, 80— The 
 newly hatched louse, 80 — The larval scale, 81 — Development of 
 the female scale, 81 — Growth of the male scale, 82— The male 
 louse, 83— Rare occurrence of the winged male, 84— Agamic mul- 
 tiplication, 85— Mode of spreading, 85— Food-plants, 86— Varie- 
 ties of the apple-tree preferred by it, 86— Enemies and parasites, 
 87 ; mites, 87; Aphelinus mytilasjndis and Dr. Le Baron's account 
 of its habits, 88— Easy transportation and introduction of the 
 Aphelinus, 90 — Remedies, 90— Application of oily substances, 
 90— Bibliographical and descriptive, 91— The generic name, 91 — 
 Signoret's classification of the Coccidw, 92 — Specific name, 92 — 
 Characteristics and habits of three allied species, 93 — A new name 
 necessary for our apple-tree species, 94 — Description of the eggs 
 and the winged male, 95 ; of the male and female scale and of 
 the female louse, 96. 
 
 The pine-leaf scale-ixsect, Chionaspis jnnifolii 97 
 
 Nature of the malady caused by it, 97 — Natural history of the in- 
 sect, 98 — The male, 99 — There are two annual broods, 99 — It is 
 confined to the pines proper, 100 — Natural enemies, 100 ; the 
 twice-stabbed lady-bird, 100 ; the painted lady-bird and descrip- 
 tion of its larva, 101 — Remedies, 101 — Stripping the old leaves, 
 102 — Application of powdered and liquid substances, 102. 
 
 The HICKORY bark-borer, Scohjtus A-spinosm 103 
 
 Accounts of the damage caused by it in Missouri, 103 — Habits of 
 the European Scolyius destructor, 104 — Various kinds of hickory 
 attacked by the hickory bark-borer, 105 — Its natural history, 
 105 — Natural enemies, 106 — Description of the three-banded 
 Spathius, 106 — Mr. Cresson's description of Bracon scolytivorus, 
 106 — Remedies, 107 — Description of the imago, 107 — Is it differ- 
 ent from Scolytus A-spinosiis? 107. 
 
 The rose chafer, Alacrodactylns siihspinosus 108 
 
 Great damage caused by the beetle in 1872, 108 — Remedy, 109 — 
 Harris's account of its natural history, 109. 
 
 The false chinch-bug, Nysius angustatus Ill 
 
 It was not known as injurious before 1872, 111 — Accounts of injury 
 done by it, 111 — How it differs from the true chinc!i-bug, 112 — 
 Its probable natural history, 112 — Description of imago, larva, 
 and pupa, 113 — Variation in the imago, 113 — Its great abundance 
 in the fall of 1872, 114. 
 
 Insects injurious to the GRAPE--saNE 114 
 
 The grape-vine apple-gall, Ctcidomyia vitis-pomum 114 
 
 The breast bone of gall-gnat larvae, 114 — The gall mistaken for an 
 apple, 114 — Form of the gall, 115— Habits of the larva, 116. 
 
 The grape-vine filbert-gall, Cecidomyia vitis-coryloides 116 
 
 Appearance of the gall, 116 — Larva of the gall-maker, 117. 
 
 The grape-vine tomato-gall, Lasioptera vitis 117 
 
 Its curious resemblance to a tomato, 117 — Various shapes assumed 
 by it, 118— The larva, 118— Enemies of the larva, 118. 
 
 The grape-leaf trumpet-gall, Cecidomyia viticola 118 
 
 Characteristics and occurrence of the gall, 118. 
 Eggs in and on canes and twigs * 119 
 
 * Pages 119-125 were reprinted under title Insect punctures, in <^Rept. State Board 
 Agric. Kansas for 1873, 1874, pp. 274-279, figs. 47-59. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FX'ONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 169 
 
 1329. Riley, C. V.— Contiuuecl. 
 
 Probable eggs of the jumping tree-cricket, Orocharis saltator, 119 — 
 The egg-puucturea ou grape-cane, 119 — Characters of the egg, 
 119 — General appearance of the cricket, 120. 
 
 Eggs of the snowy tree-cricket, GicanthuH niveus, VIO — Trees and 
 shrubs attacked by this cricket, 1-20— Tin; egg. 120— Habits and 
 natural history, 120— Injury done by it, 121 — The eggs mistaken 
 by Fitch for those of tlie Buffalo tree-hopper, 121. 
 
 Egg-punctures of the Buffalo tree-hopper, Ceresa bubahta, 121 — De- 
 velopment of the larva, 121 — Cbaracters and habits of the per- 
 fect insect, 122 — Egg-punctures of some unknown tree-hopper, 
 122. 
 
 Egg-punctures of the frosted lighteuing-hopper, Pceciloptera prui- 
 iiosa, 122 — Development and habits of the inject, 122. 
 
 Egg-punctures probably of Urchclimum glaberimum, 12"3 — The egg, 
 123 — Characters and habits of the imago, 123. 
 
 Eggs of the oblong-winged katydid, Amhtycorypha oMongifolia, 
 123 — They have been mistaken by Harris for those of the broad- 
 winged catydid, 123— Ovipositors and modes of egg-laying in 
 the three katydids occurring in Missouri, 124— Increase in thick- 
 ness of katydid eggs before hatching, 124. 
 Stinging la.rv^ 125 
 
 The potato-worm falsely considered as a stinging caterpillar, 125 — 
 General harmlessuess to man of insect larvie, 125 — Stinging cat- 
 erpillars in Europe and North America, 126 — List of such larva) 
 in United States, 126— Description of larva and chrysalis of 
 Acronycta xylinoides, 126. 
 The buck moth or maia moth, Hemileuca maia 127 
 
 Flight and characteristics of the moth, 127— The egg and mode of 
 ©gS-iaying, 128 — Appearance of the full-grown larva, 129 — 
 Larval changes, 129 — Color variations of the larva, 130 — Habits 
 of the young larva, 130— The sting of the larva, 131— The pupa, 
 131— Issuing of the moth, 132 — Irregularity and retardation in 
 development, 132; the species benefits thereby, 132— Food-plantB, 
 132 — Natural enemies, 132. 
 The io moth, Hyperchiria io I'«i3 
 
 The male and female moth, 133— The egg, 134— The larva and its 
 urticating power, 134 -Larval changes, 135 — Pupation, 135 — 
 Food-plants, 136 — Parasites, 136. 
 The green-striped maplk-wokm, Dryocamjya rubicnnda 137 
 
 Account of its occurrence in great numbers in Kausas, 137 — Injury 
 done by it to soft maples, 138— The egg, 138— Larval changes, 
 138— The chrysalis, 139- The imago, 139— Natural enemies, 139— 
 Description of BelvoUia bifasciata, 140 — Remedies, 141. 
 
 innoxious insects. 
 
 The hellgrammite fly, Corydalus cornutus 1^3 
 
 The eggs, 143— Respiratory apparatus of the larva, 143— Habits of 
 tbe larva when about to transform, 143— The pupa, 144— Sexual 
 difference in the imago, 145. 
 The goat-weed butterfly, Paj^^ia «//.i/ce/-ium 1'*^ 
 
 The egg, 146— Habits of the larva, 146— Larval changes., 146— 
 Transformation, 147— New food plant, 147— Simulation of the 
 color of the food-plant by the larva, 147— Two annual broods, 
 148— Hibernation of the imago, 148— Natural enemies, 149. 
 
170 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1329. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 On a new genus in the lepidopterous family Tineid.e with re- 
 marks ON THE FERTILIZATION OF YucCA, Protiuba iiuccasella 150 
 
 Generic cbaructers of Pronuba, 150 — Description of Pronuba yuc- 
 caaella, 151 — Plants requiring tbe aid of insects for fertilization, 
 152 — Fertilization of orchids, 152 — Fructification of Yucca, 153 — 
 Yuccas must rely on insects for fertilization, 153 — Insects fre- 
 * qnenting Yuccas, 154 — Diurnal and nocturnal habits of Pronuba, 
 
 154 — How tbe female moth fertilizes the plant, 154 — Oviposition, 
 155 — The larva within the young fruit, 155 — Description of the 
 larva, 155 — Only a small percentage of fruit not infested by the 
 larva, 156 — The larva leaves tbe capsule and enters tbe ground 
 for hibernation, 156 — Mutual adaptation of plant and insect, 
 156 — The moth doubtless occurs wherever Yuccas grow wild, 
 157 — Easy transportation of tbe cocoon, 158 — Further facts re- 
 garding the fructification of Yucca filamentosa and gloriosa, 158 — 
 Yuccas seeding in Europe, 159 — Range of tbe insect, 159 — Mr. 
 Stainton's opinion on the characters on the Yucca moth, 160. 
 
 Note. — Pages 1-44 were also printed as a separate, with title-page cover. 
 < Jefferson City, Mo., 1873. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 150-173. 
 
 1330. EiLEY, C. V. New York without a State entomologist. <Moore's 
 
 Rural New Yorker, 5 May, 1873. S.-b. No. 8, p. 103. 
 
 Needs of a State entomologist for New York ; Salix humilis infested with 
 larva of Plectrodera scalator. 
 
 1331. Riley, C. V. Tent-caterpillar of the forest. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 23 May, 1873. S.-b. No. 8, pp. 64-65. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. T. Gilbert; means against eggs of Clisiocampa syl- 
 vatica \_=^ disstria^. 
 
 1332. Riley, C. V. Apple-tree borer. <N. Y. Tribune, 23 May, 1873, 
 
 S. b. No. 8, p. 64. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Durbin ; means agaihst Saperda bivittata [= candidaj. 
 
 1333. Riley, C. V. Punctured grape-canes. <N. Y. Tribune, 23 May, 
 
 1873. S.-b. No. 8, p. 64. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. Snyder; food-habits and means against (Ecanthus 
 niveus. 
 
 1334. Riley, C. V. The codling moth. Weir's trap. <Amer. Agric, 
 
 May, 1873, v. 32, p. 184, figs. 
 Unsatisfactory results of experiments with the Weir trap; relative value of 
 materials used ; criticism of J. S. Parker's theory for tbe extermiuation of 
 Carpocapsa pomonella ; this species breeds in apples, wild crabs, pears, 
 peaches, and plums ; figures females and tbe abdomen of tbe males of Pimpla 
 annulipes and Macrocentrus delicatus parasitic upon the apple-worm. 
 
 1335. Eiley, C. V. Influence of extreme cold on the Curculio. <Gar- 
 
 dener's Mo. and Hortic, May, 1873, v. 15, pp. 137-139. 
 
 Critical review of T. T. Southwick's article of same title ; extract from 3d 
 Ann. Kept. State Ent. Mo. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 171 
 
 133G. KiLEY, C. Y. Oil a new genus in the lepidopterous family Tine- 
 idw, with remarks on the fertilization of Yucca. <Trans. 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1873, v. 3, pp. 55-04, 2 figs. Ite- 
 printed, with omissions and slight changes, from <5th Ann. 
 Kept. State Eut. Mo., 18 April, 1873, pp. 150-100, tigs. 74-75. 
 Review by P. C. Zeller: <Verli. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 
 1876, Jahrg. 1875, Bd. 25, pp. 340-342. Reply to Zeller: 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, January-March, 1870, v. 3, pp. 
 325-320. 
 Descriptiou and figures of Pronuba n. g. and of larva and imago of /'. yucca- 
 sella n. sp. See No. 13'29 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1337. Riley, C. V. Su[)plementary notes on Pronuba yuccasella. 
 
 <Traus. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1873, v. 3, pp. 178-180, tig. 
 3. Extract: <Oth Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1874, pp. 
 131-135, fig. 3. 
 Descriptions and figures of male and female pupa of J'ronuba yuccasella; hi- 
 bernation, imagination, seasons, and distribution of the same; species of 
 Yucca pollinated by it. 
 
 1338. RiLEY', C. V. [To destroy the cotton- worm.] <I11. Jour, of Agric, 
 
 June, 1873. Reprint: <Colmau's Rural World, 1873 j <Rural 
 Alabamian, July, 1873, v. 2, pp. 289-293 ; <Mobile Register, 
 1873 ; <Farmer's Advocate, 1873. Extract : <Oth Ann. Rept. 
 State Ent. Mo., 1874, pp. 17-18. 
 
 Ravages of Aletia argillacea l=xyUna'] in the cotton fields of Southern United 
 States; inefficiency of measures hitherto employed against them; recom- 
 mends the use of Paris green; directions for its use; natural history, de- 
 scription of egg, larva, and imago of the Aletia ; hibernation of the imago. 
 
 1339. Riley, O.V. [Imported plants and insects.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. 
 
 St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, pp. 42-43 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; inequality of the exchange of plants and insects be- 
 tween Europe and North America; extent and causes of the same. 
 
 1340. RiLEY C. V. [Mimicry and protective resemblances.] <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, pp. 44-45 Proc. 
 
 Verbal commuuication ; mimicry of Danain archippux liy Limenitis disippus 
 and consequent greater abundance of the latter than of L. ursula. 
 
 1341. RiLEY, C. V. [Silk-worms fed with osage orange.] <Traiis. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, p. 47 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; successful reariug of silk-worms on Madura auran- 
 tiaca; exhibition of cocoons made by these worms. 
 
 1342. Rlley, C. V. [On the cause of deterioration in some of our na- 
 
 tive grape-vines.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, 
 V. 3, pp. 51-52 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; abstract from 4th Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo. ; failure 
 of grape-vines attributed largely to the ravages of Phyllorcra vaHtatrU. 
 
 1343. Riley, C. V. [Insects affecting the ailanthus.] <Trans. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, pp. 53-54 Proc. 
 Mentions (Eta compta i— imnctclla'] and Attacus cynthia. 
 
172 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECOXOMIJ ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1344. KiLEY, C. V. [Posthumous papers by B. D. Walsh.] <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, p. 77 Proc. 
 Verbal communication; disposition of sundry entomological manuscripts 
 left by B. D, Walsh. 
 
 1345. Rlley, C. V. [Remarks on Shnuliumpiscicidium.] <Traus. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, p. 79 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; nature and supposed ravages of Simulium piscicidium. 
 
 134G. Elley'^, C.V. [On An^/jerfmyawa-mat as a silk-producer.] <TraDS. 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, p. 84 Proc. 
 
 Verbal communication; superiority of Antheraa yama-mai to other silk- 
 worms tried as substitutes for Sericaria mori. 
 
 1347. Riley, C. V. [On galls growing on wild sage.] <Trans. Acad. 
 Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, p. 84 Proc. 
 Verbal communication; occurrence of tiiree distinct undescribed galls on 
 •Artemisia tridentata in Utah. 
 
 i;]48. Riley, C. V. [On a larva of Scenopinus sp. from the human 
 lungs.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, July, 1873, v. 3, p. 90 
 Proc. 
 
 Verbal communication ; a larva of Scenopinus sp. found in human expectora- 
 tion; usual food-habits of the larvae of this genus. 
 
 1349. Riley, C.V. Agricultural editorial excursion. < Prairie Farmer, 
 1873, V. 44 : 2 August, p. 241 ; 9 August, p. 248 ; 16 August, p. 
 256 ; 23 August, p. 265 ^ 30 August, p. 273 ; 6 September, p. 
 281. Reprint : <Colmau's Rural World, 1873, 2, 9, 16, 23, and 
 30 August, 6 and 13 September. See : <Colorado Mountaineer, 
 1 August, 1877. S. b. No. 14, p. 102. 
 Brief notes on locusts. 
 
 l.joO. Riley, C. V. Enemies of the elm. <N. Y. Tribune, 7 August, 
 1873. S.-b. No. 8, pp. 56-57. Reprint : <Gardener's Mo. and 
 Hortic, August, 1876, v. 18, p. 246. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. S. Watson ; natural history of and means against 
 Galeruca calmariensis [= xanthomelxpna^. 
 
 1.351. Riley, C. V. Entomological information. <N. Y. Tribune, 16 
 August, 1873. S.-b. No. 8, p. 58. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. W. ; description of a number of traps for alluring 
 and destroying insects. 
 
 1352. Riley, C. V. "Controlling sex in butterflies." <Amer. Nat., 
 September, 1873, v. 7, pp. 513-521. Separate : <Salem, Mass., 
 August, 1873, pp. 9. 
 Critical review of Mary Treat's article of same title; females require more 
 nourishment than males ; sex determined in the egg ; ovipositior. of rapilio 
 and Anisota [^ Dryocampa'] ; larvae can not be forced to eat more than is 
 natural to them; experiments on Thyridopteryx ephemerceformis, Orgyia 
 leucostigma, Clisiocamjfa americana, Hyperchiria io, Hemileuca maia, and Ani- 
 sota 1^= Dryocampal rubicunda to determine the eflect of the stinting of 
 food upon the deterrnination of sex ; eft'ect of this upon the number of molts 
 and the longevity of Orgyia leucostigma and Megatoma serra ; note on alter- 
 nation of generations in Cynips [= Andricus'} quercus-ojierator and C. [ = -<4.] 
 quercus-ojyeratola', nature of parthenogenesis. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 173 
 
 1353. Riley, C. V. Cotton caterpillar.— Boll-worm. <Rural Ala- 
 
 bamian, October, 1873. S. b. No. 10, p. 121. 
 
 Criticism of recent articles on Anomis \_= Aletial xylina, HeUothi» armigtra, 
 aud Phylloxera I'astatiix. 
 
 1354. Riley, C. V. On the oviposition of the Yucca moth. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., October, 1873, v. 7, pp. 619-023. Abstract: <Trans. 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 10 December, 1873—25 April, 1874, v. 3, 
 pp. 208-210. Reprint, with slight changes and omissions. 
 <6th Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1874, pp. 131-135, 
 fig. 38. 
 See No. 1363 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1355. Riley, C. V. Phylloxera: correction. <Gardener's jMo. aud 
 
 Hortic, November, 1873, v. 15, p. 342. 
 Critical review of report of remarks before Academy of Natural Sciences of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 1356. Riley, C. V. Hackberry butterflies. Descriptions of the early 
 
 stages of Apatura lycaon, Fabr., and Apatura herse, Fabr. ; 
 with remarks on their synonymy. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 Louis, 10 December, 1873, v. 3, pp. 193-208, figs. 3-6. Reprint, 
 with slight changes. <6th Ann. Rept. State Eut. Mo., April, 
 1874, pp. 136-148, figs. 39-42. 
 Treats of A. lycaon [=c'e?fi8] and A.herse \_=clyton'\. See No. 1363 for synopsis 
 of contents. 
 
 1357. Riley, V. C. Economic entomology. <Traus. Kansas State 
 
 Board Agric. for 1872, 1873, pp. 292-325, 18 figs. 
 Extract : <Sci. Amer. 
 
 Characterization of entomology; importance of and means against noxious 
 insects; list of imported noxious insects and plants; chapters on Anisota 
 {^=: Dryocampa rubicunda'], Eriosoma pyri 1=^ Schizoyieura Iaiiigera'\, I'aleacriUi 
 vernata, Galleria cereana, OJstrus oris, Bruchus pisi, Macrodactylus sitbgpiiiotus, 
 Couotrachelus nenuphar, and Xysiua destrudor l=angustatu8']. In general, 
 descriptions and figures of the several stages and accounts of the habits and 
 food-plants of and means against these insects, with some accounts aud 
 figures of their enemies and parasites, are given. Describes especially larva 
 of A nisota [=/.».] riibicinida and of J'aleacrita vernata and of all active 
 stages of JN'//8i«s destructor [^^angustntus'\. Figures larva, puparium, and 
 imago of Pipica radicum, imagos of Xothrua oi'iron/x, Microga.<<ter [^ Apnn- 
 /c/e«] militarix, Caloaoma scrutator, C. calidum, aud BUhsus leucopterus and 
 imago and nests of Eumenes fraternus. 
 
 Some of the chapters are based upon and some are reprinted from the 1st, 
 2d, and 3d Ann. Repta. State Ent. Mo. 
 
 1358. Riley, C. V. Curculios on pears. <I11. Journ. Agric, 1873. 
 
 S.-b. No. 10, pp. 109-110, figs. 1-2, 
 Habits, history, and means against Conoirachclua nenuphar, C. cratwgi, and 
 Anthonomtis quadrigibbua ; figures the two last-named species. 
 
 1359. Riley, C. V. Length of thread of the silk-worm. <Popular Sci. 
 
 Monthly, February, 1874, v. 4, p. 508. 
 Correction of statements in A. de Quatrefage's " Silk-worms and sericulture" 
 as to the length aud weight of the liber in a single cocooiPuf <be>iaoia won. 
 
174 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1360. EiLEY, C. V. A new (?) segerian maple-borer. <Amer. Nat., 
 February, 1874, v. 8, pp. 123-124. 
 
 Critical review of P. Gennadius's "A new segerian maple-borer." TrochiUum 
 acericolum is tbe well-kuown JSfieria acenii, injurious to maple-trees. 
 
 1301. Elley, C. V. Eutomology in Missouri. <Amer. Nat., March, 
 1874, V. 8, pp. 181-188. 
 Reply to criticisms of A. S. Packard; discussion on tbe number of segments 
 in tbe bead of an insect, on classification, aud ou Alylilaspis pomicorticis 
 [= pomorum']. 
 
 1362. EiLEY, C. V. Economic eutomology. < Amer. Nat., March, 1874, 
 
 V. 8, pp. 189-190. 
 
 Demand for more attention to and better representation of tbe agricultural 
 interests of tbe country. Inadequacy of measures propounded for tbe 
 wbolesale destruction of noxious insects. 
 
 1363. EiLEY, C. Y. Sixth annual report on the noxious, beneficial, and 
 
 other insects of tlie State of Missouri, made to the State Board 
 of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this purpose 
 from the legislature of the State. <9th Ann. Eept. State Board 
 of Agric. for 1873, March, 1874, pp. 169+12, 55 figs. Separate: 
 < Jefferson City, Mo., March, 1874, pp. 169+12, 55 tigs. 
 
 Table of contents 3 
 
 Preface 6 
 
 NOXIOUS insects. 
 
 Notes of the year *9 
 
 Tbe codling-motb, Carpocapsa pomonella 9 
 
 Failure of tbe apple crop in 1873, 9 — Dr. Le Baron's observations on 
 tbe babits of tbe worm, 9 — Proportion of worms leaving tbe fruit 
 before it falls, 10 — How it atlects pears, 10 — Time and metbod of 
 using bandages, 10 — Westward spread of tbe insect, 10. 
 Tbe Colorado potato-beetle, Doryphora 10-lineata • 11 
 
 How it bas affected tbe price of potatoes, 11 — New food-plants, 
 11 — Its progress eastward during 1873, 12 — Improved metbodsof 
 using Paris green, 13 — Device for jarring off tbe bugs, 14 — Euro- 
 pean publications on tbe insect, 15 — Danger of its introduction 
 into Europe, 15 — Precautionary measures to be taken in Europe, 
 16. 
 Tbe cotton- worm, Alefia xyliiia 17 
 
 Paris green suggested as remedy, 17 — Address before tbe National 
 Agricultural Congress, 17 — Mr. Glover's summary on experience 
 witb Paris green, 19— Experiments witb tbe poison, 19— Jobn- 
 son's sprinkling macbine, 20— Patents on Paris green, 20 — Tbe 
 Royal mixture, 21— Hibernation of tbe insect, 22 — Natural ene- 
 mies, 23— Geographical range, 23— Position of tbe motb wben 
 aligbting, 24. 
 Tbe canker-worm, Paleacrita vernata; Anisopteryx pometaria 24 
 
 Dr. Le Baron's summary of remedies, 24— Mr. Milliken's experience 
 witb tbe rope aud tiu trap, 25— Tbe Paris green remedy, 26— A 
 new trougb, 26— Birds which destroy the worm, 27— Mr. Mann's 
 observations on tbe insect, 28— Two species have hitherto been 
 confouuded, 28— The English sparrow and the increase of the 
 white-marked tussock-moth, 29. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 175 
 
 1363. KiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 IXSKCTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE-VINE 30 
 
 The o rape Phylloxera, Phyllvxera vastatrix ;jO 
 
 The term "Phylloxera," 30— Bibliographical history, 30— Charac- 
 ters of the geuus and its position in the system, 33— Biological 
 history, 33— Diflerent forms which the insect assumes, 33 -The 
 gall-inhabiting form, 34— The root-inhabiting form, 38— Balbi- 
 ani's discovery of the true sexual individuals and the winter egg 
 of Phylloxera qitercua, 41— The winter egg not essential to the 
 winter life of the grape Phylloxera, 42— Polymorphism in Phyl- 
 loxera, 43— Conclusive proof of the identity of the root- and gall- 
 lice, 44— Practical considerations, 44— The more manifest and ex- 
 ternal effects of the disease, 44— Mode of spreading, 45— Swarm- 
 ing of winged specimens of Phylloxera carya-folm, 45— Power of 
 flight in the grape Phylloxera, 45— Spread of the disease through 
 the winged females, 46— Susceptibility of difterent vines to the 
 disease, 46— Practical importance of knowing the more resisting 
 and more susceptible vines, 46— List of the cultivated species 
 and varieties of vines indicating their relative susceptibility to 
 Phylloxera, 47— Prophylactic means of coping with the disease, 
 48— Grafting the more susceptible on to the roots of resisting 
 vines, 48— Other preventive measures. 50— Natural enemies, 50— 
 Insect enemies of the gall-louse, 50— Enemies of the root-louse, 
 52— The Phylloxera mite, 52— Difl:*erent forms assumed by mites 
 in their development, 'o-2— B oplophora arctata, 53— Peculiarities 
 of the Oribatidw, 54— Direct remedies, 55— Submersion a perfect 
 remedy, 55— Application of pure insecticides without satisfactory 
 results, 56— Range of the insect in America, 57— Injury caused by 
 it in America, 58— Reasons why the insect is more injurious in 
 Europe, 59— False theories, 60— The Phylloxera is the cause and 
 not the effect of the disease, 60— It is a native American insect 
 and has been imported into Europe, 62— It is peculiar to the 
 grape-vine, 63— The American oak Phylloxera and its natural 
 history, 64— Conclusion, 65. 
 
 Appendix and notes to the article on grape Phylloxera 66 
 
 Diagnosis of Phylloxera vastatrix, 66— Influence of the insect's 
 puncture, 67— The supposed male of the gall-louse, 67— The non- 
 cultivation of the Clinton grape, 67— Transient nature of the 
 leaf-galls, 68— Constancy of the diflerences between the forms 
 assumed by the insect, 68— Supposed sexual individuals, 68— 
 Number of generations annually produced, 69— Number of molts, 
 69— Transplanting root-lice on to the leaves, 69— Nature of the 
 •swelling on the roots produced by Phylloxera, 70— The tiue 
 grape-vines of the United States, by Dr. G. Engelmaun, 70— 
 Exceptional instances where the European vine has succeeded 
 in America, 76— Grafting the more susceptible on to the roots of 
 the resisting varieties, 78— Descriptions of Tyroylyphm phylloxera: 
 and Hoplophora arctata, 81— Efficacy of inundating the vineyards, 
 82— Facts showing that the disease of grape-vines in America is 
 principally caused by Phylloxera, 82— Description of Phylloxera 
 rileyi, 86— The true sexual individuals and the winter egg, 86. 
 The blue caterpillars of the vine 87 
 
 1. The grape-vine Epimenis, Paychomorpha epimenia, 87— Habits and 
 characters of the larva, 87— Descrijition of larva and chrysalis, SS. 
 
 2. The beautiful wood uyniph, Eiidryas //rrr/^, 88— Characters and 
 food-plants of the larva, 88-The moth aad the egg, 89— Descrip- 
 tion of the e-jg and lurva, 89— Of the chrysalis, 90. 
 
176 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1363. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Insects injurious to the Grape-vine— Continued. 
 
 3. The pearl wood nymph, Eudryas unio, 90 — Its larva almost un- 
 tlistinguishable rom that of the foregoing species, 90— Food- 
 plant, 91— Distinguishing characters of the moth, 91 — Mr. Lint- 
 uer's description of the larva, 92 — Mr. Liutner on the diiference 
 between the larva of Eudryas grata and E. unio, 93. 
 
 4. The eight-spotted forester, Alypia octomaculata, 94 — Description 
 of the larva, 94 ; chrysalis and imago, 95. 
 
 Summary, 95— Comparison of the larvae of these four species, 95 — 
 Remedies 9G. 
 The red-legged ham-beetle, Necrohia rufipes 96 
 
 Its popular name, 96 — It has been the cause of an interesting law- 
 suit, 9G; entomological information necessary to a just verdict, 
 9b — Another case before a jury requiring botanical knowledge, 
 98— Injury cajised by the beetle in St. Louis, 99— The eggs, and 
 how they are deposited, 99 — The larva and its habits, 99— The 
 pupa, 99 — Prevention, 100— Other species associated with it, 100 — 
 Habits of other species of Cleridce, 101 — How Necrohia ruficollia 
 saved the life of Latreille, 101 — Description of the larva of Ne- 
 a-obia rufipes, 101 — Description of the pupa, 102. 
 The clover-hay worm, Asopia costalis 102 
 
 Its geographical distribution, 102 — It has probably been imported 
 from Europe, 101 — Its past history and accounts of damage 
 caused by it, 102 — Its natural history, 105 — Remedies, 105 — De- 
 scription of larva and chrysalis, 106 ; of the imago, 107 — Its al- 
 lied congener, Asopia olinalis, 107. 
 The legged maplk-borkr, JSgeria aeerni 107 
 
 The burrows of the larva, 108 — Appearance of the moth, 108 — Re- 
 marks on the nomenclature of the species, 108 — lujury caused 
 by it to maples, 109 — It attacks only trees already injured by 
 some cause or another, 109 — Remedies, 110 — Description of imago, 
 larva, and pupa, 110. 
 The RASPi'ERRY ROOT-BORER, Bembecia marginata Ill 
 
 Work of Oberea perspiciUata in canes of raspberry and blackberry, 
 HI — Injury caused by the root-borer. Ill — General appearauce 
 and habits of the worm, 112 — Description of imago and larva, 
 113. 
 The Northern brenthian, Eupsalis minuta 113 
 
 Its occurrence and distribution, 113 — Characteristics of the beetle, 
 114 — Fighting habits of the males, 114 — How the male assists the 
 female in ovipositing, 115 — How much time is required for the 
 transformations of the insect, 115— Habits of the larva, 115— De- 
 scription of the larva, 115; of the pupa, 116— Real position of 
 the breuthians in the system, IIG — The specific and generic 
 names, 116 — How another larva has been mistaken for that of the 
 Northern brenthian, 117 — Description of this larva, which evi- 
 dently belongs to the Tenebrionida, 118. 
 The jumping sumach-beetle, Blepharida rhois 118 
 
 Sumach industry in Europe and America, 118— Species of sumach 
 possessing economic value, 119— Appearance and habits of the 
 beetle, 119 — The egg-masses, 120— Development and habits of 
 the larv.i, 120— Tiausformation, 120— The two annual broods, 
 120— Injury caused by it to the sumachs, 121 — Geographical 
 range, 121- Remedies, 121— Description of larva and pupa, 121 — 
 Variations of the beetle. 122. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 177 
 
 1363. Riley, C. Y.— Continued. 
 
 BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 
 
 The unadorned Tiphia or white gruii parasite, Tiphia inornata .. 123 
 Other enemies of the whito-<^rub, 1*23 — Cocoon anil larva of Tiphia, 
 123 — It is uudonbtedly a parasite of the white-grub, 124 — Char- 
 acters of the geuiis Tiphia, 124 — Habits of Tiphia femorata, 124 — 
 Habits of the Tiphia larva, 124 — Characters of the Unadorned 
 Tiphia, 125 — Beetle parasitic upon it, 125 — Description of larva 
 and imago, 12G — The species has been described under thiee dif- 
 ferent names, 126. 
 
 INNOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The DOMINICAN case-bearer, Cosciitoptera dominicana 127 
 
 Characters of the beitle, 127 — Mode of oviposition, 128 — Oviposi- 
 tion of Chlamys plicata, 128 — The young larva and its food- 
 habits, 129 — The case of the larva, 129 — Characters of the larva, 
 130 — Time required for its development, 130. 
 
 The Yucca moth, Fronuha yuccasella 131 
 
 Its natural history completed, 131 — Description of the chrysalis, 
 131 — Hatching of the chrysalis, 132 — Method of oviposition, 133 — 
 Oviposition is followed by pollination, 134 — ^The egg in the young 
 fruit and the embryo larva, 134 — It is the only insect that can 
 well fertilize the Yuccas, 135. 
 
 Hackberry butterflies 136 
 
 The European purple Emperor, 136 — Insufficient former account of 
 their earlier states, 136 — Species of Celtis in Missouri, 137. 
 
 The eyed Emperor, Apatura celtis 1.37 
 
 . The full-grown larva, 137 — Habits of the larva, 138 — Pupation, 
 138— ^The imago, 139 — The egg and the young larva, 139 — Two 
 annual broods, 139— Hibernation of the young larva, 140. 
 
 The tawny Emperor, Apatura dyton 140 
 
 How it diflfers from the eyed emperor, 140 — The egg, 141 — Larval 
 changes and habits, 141 — Egg parasite, 142. 
 
 Bibliographical 142 
 
 The generic name, 142 — The specific names of the two species, 
 143 — Fabricius's original description of hjcaon and herae, 144 — 
 Other species of the genus in the United States, 145 — On the 
 validity of alicia, 145 — Descrii)tions of the earlier states of both 
 species, 146 — Their popular names, 148 — The scientific specific 
 names, 149. 
 
 Katydids 150 
 
 General considerations, 150 — Spring in Europe and America, 151 — 
 Stridulating noise produced by crickets and grasshoppers, 152 — 
 Sounds inaudible to man, 152 — Grasshoppers, katydids, locusts, 
 153 — Habits and general appearance of our katydids, 154 — They 
 oviposit above ground, 154 — Their ovipositors not rudimeutal, 
 1.55. 
 
 The angular-winged katydid, Microcentrnm retinerve 155 
 
 It is the most common species in Missouri, 155 — General character 
 *of the insect, 155 — The eggs, 1.55— Erroneous statement concern- 
 ing the egg, 156— How the female deposits the eggs, 1.56— Num- 
 ber of eggs laid by the feniale, 158 — Hatching of the larva, 158 — 
 Food of the larva, 158 — Changing from the pupa to the perfecti 
 12 ENT 
 
178 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1363. Riley, C. V.— Contiuued. 
 
 state, 159 — Its song, 159 — It is capable of doniesticatioa to a cer- 
 tain degree, 160— Description of the immature states, 161 — Nat- 
 ural enemies, 162— The back-rolling Wonder, an egg-parasite, 
 162 — Curious habit of the female Antigaster, 162 — Description of 
 Aniigaster mirabiUs, 163 — Striking sexual differences, 163. 
 
 The narrow-winged Katydid, Scudderia curvicauda 164 
 
 Distinguishing characters, 164 — Method of oviposition, 165 — The 
 egg, 165 — Its song, 166 — Description of larva and pupa, 166. 
 
 The broad-winged Katydid, CijrtophyUus concavus 167 
 
 It is the true katydid, 167 — Distinguishing characters, 167 — Mode 
 of oviposition as observed in conlinement, 167 — Mr. Jaeger's 
 erroneous statement regarding the oviposition, 168 — Its song, 
 168. 
 
 The oblong- winged katydid, Amilycori/pha oilongifolia 169 
 
 It has not yet been found in Missouri, 169 — Distinguishing charac- 
 ters, 169 — The eggs not yet known, 169 — Abnormal female speci- 
 men, 169. 
 
 1364. EiLEY, C. V. The Colorado potato-beetle abroad. <N. Y. Tri- 
 
 buue, 1 April, 1874. S.-b. No. 10, i). 37. 
 
 Criticism of some articles on Doryphora decemlineata published in Europe ; 
 danger of the importation of the insect into Europe, and suggestion of 
 means to prevent such introduction. 
 
 1365. KiLEY, C. V. Cabbage-lice. <N. Y. Tribune, 8 April, 1874. 
 
 S.-b. No. 10, ])p. 33-34. 
 Answer to letter from Mrs. M. Walker ; means against Aphis irassicw. 
 
 1366. EiLEY, C. V. Peach-borers. <N. Y. Tribune, 8 April, 1874. 
 
 S.-b. No. 10, p. 34. 
 
 Answer to letter from W. J. Clary ; a peach-tree whose base was surrounded 
 by ice in winter was free from borers; this observation of slight signifi- 
 cance. 
 
 1367. RiLEY, C. V. Apply soap. <N. Y. Tribune, 8 April, 1874. S.-b. 
 
 No. 10, p. 34. 
 
 Answer to letter from T. H. Wakeley ; means against Saperda Mvitiata [=cari- 
 dida"] and Chrysohothris fcmoruta. 
 
 1368. Riley, C. V. Meadow enemy. <N. Y. Tribune, 8 April, 1874. 
 
 S.-b. No. 10, p. 34. 
 
 Answer to letter from D. Freeman ; ravages of a species of Tipula in grass 
 lands in California ; characters of the genus; habits of and means against 
 the same. 
 
 1369. Riley, C. V. A remedy for the cotton-worm. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 22 April, 1874. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 25-26. Reprint : <Vicksburg 
 Herald, 1 May, 1874. 
 
 Experiments with Paris green; advocacy of its use against Aletia argillacea 
 l=xylina'} ; directions for and successful results of this use. 
 
 1370. Riley, C. V. Descriptions of two new subterranean mites. 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 25 April, 1874, v. 3, pp. 215-216, 
 figs. 8-9. 
 Description and figures of Tyroglyphus phylloxera; n. sp, [p. 215J and of Hoplo- 
 phora arctata n. sp. [p. 216J ; food-habits of the same. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 179 
 
 1371. ElLEY, C. Y. The habits of Polistes and Pelopccm. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 April, 1874, v. 8, pj). 229-231. 
 Critical review of P. R. Uhler's article " Ou a remarkable wasp's nest found 
 in a stump in Marylantl ; " probably tlio nests and specimens of Pelopw.ua 
 lunatus \^^cemeniariu!i'\ were mistaken for those of PoHstes fnscatns [:=»ie- 
 iricits], in which case the observations criticised present no remarkable 
 features. 
 
 1372. Riley, 0. V. The pliim Cnrculio ; natural history and how to 
 
 catch him. <N. Y. Semi-weekly Tribune, 1 May, 1874. S.-b. 
 No. 10, pp. 18-19; 38-40. Extract: <Cultivator and Couutry 
 Gentleman, 14 May, 1874, v. 39, p. 310. <New England Farmer, 
 18 July, 1874, [v. 53,] n. s., v. 29, p. 1. See : <Indust. Record, 
 5 February, 1875. S.-b. No. 1«, pp. 46-48. 
 
 Natural history of and means against Conotrachelus nenuphar ; figures of the 
 several stages of the insect and of machines for catching the same. 
 
 1373. BiLEY, C. V. The apple-worm; natural history ; remedies. <N. 
 
 Y. Tribune, 20 May, 1874. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 8-9; 37-38. 
 
 Description and figures of the several stages of Carpocapsa pomonella ; habits 
 of and means against the same. 
 
 1374. Riley, C. V. The grape Phylloxera. < Popular Sci. Monthly, 
 
 May, 1874, v. 5, pp. 1-16, 7 figs. Reprinted, with slight 
 changes, from <6tli Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., April, 1874, 
 pp. 30-46. 
 See No. 1363 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1375. Riley, C. Y. Rose chafers on grape-vines. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 20 June, 1874, fig. S -b. No. 17, pp. 103, 104. 
 
 Natural history and means against Macrodactylus subspinosus ; tigure of the 
 same. 
 
 1376. RiLEY', C. Y. More about the grape-vine pest. <Popular Sci. 
 
 Monthly, June, 1874, v. 5, pp. 158-170, 10 figs. Reprinted, with 
 changes and omissions, from <6th Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., 
 April, 1874, pp. 47-60, 04-65. 
 See No. 1363 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1377. Riley, C. Y. Scale insects on magnolia. <N. Y. Tribune, 15 
 
 July, 1874. S.-b. No. 10, p. 24. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of R. H. Day ; occurrence of an undescribed Lecanium sp. ? 
 on the leaves of Magnolia fuscata. 
 
 1378. Riley, C. Y. Confounding friend with foe. <N. Y. Tribune, 15 
 
 July, 1874, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 10, p. 24. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of E. J. Day; usefulness of Arrna [-z Podisus} sjyinosus 
 figure of the same. lujury to j)lums by Anthonomiiii 2)rnnicida [=CoccotorM» 
 scuiellarisl ; figure of and means against the same. 
 
 1379. Rlley, C. Y. The Colorado potato-beetle in New York. <N. Y. 
 
 Tribune, 15 July, 1874. S.b. No. 10, p. 24. 
 Answer to letter from J. 11. P. ; eastern limit of the range of Doryphora do. 
 cemHneata in 1873 and 1874, 
 
180 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1380. Riley, C. V. Large willow-worm. <N. Y. Tribune, 15 July, 
 1874. S.-b. No. 10, p. 24. 
 Answer to letter of J. H. P. ; food-plants, habits, and means against Cimhex 
 laportei [_^ ainericana']. 
 
 1S81. Riley, C. V. Black blister-beetles on iwtatoes. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 22 July, 1874. S.-b. No. 10, p. 17. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. Barr; ravages of and means against Epicauta puncti- 
 collis. 
 
 1382. Riley, C. V. Pear-tree slug. <N. Y. Tribune, 22 July, 1874. 
 
 S.-b. No. 10, p. 17. 
 Answer to letter of C. S. B. ; means against Selandria \_=: Erioeampa'] ceraai, 
 
 1383. Riley, C. V. The plug-ugly theory. <N. Y. Tribune, 22 July, 
 
 1874. S.-b. No. 10, p. 17. 
 Answer to letter of O. J. B. ; insertion of sulphur, calomel, and similar pow- 
 ders in the trunks of trees has no effect upon the sap or upon the insects 
 which injure the trees. 
 
 1384. Riley, C. V. Cockscomb elm-gall. <N. Y. Tribune, 22 July, 
 
 1874. S.-b. No. 10, p. 17. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. S. Ruby ; Thelaxes [= Colopha"] ulmicola forms ex- 
 crescences on the American elm. 
 
 1385. Riley, C. V. Pitcher-plant insects. < Hartford [Conn.] Daily 
 
 Courant, 15 August, 1874, v. 38, No. 195, p. 1. See : <N. Y. 
 Tribune Extra : Lecture and Letter series No. 21, August, 1874, 
 pp. 56-58, fig. Reprint: <Nature, 8 October, 1874, v. 10, pp. 
 463-465, figs. 1-2. Abstract : <Sci. Amer., 12 September, 1874 
 [v. 45], n. s., V. 31, p. 168. <Amer. Nat., November, 1874, v. 8, 
 pp. 684-087. Reprint of abstract : <Hardwicke's Science 
 Gossip, December, 1874, v. 10, pp. 272-275, figs. 179-182. Ex- 
 tract: <Ca. Ent., November, 1874, v. 6, pp. 207-214, figs. 
 25-26. Reprint of extract: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 
 for 1874, June, 1875, v. 23, pp. 18-25, 2 figs. Separate of re- 
 print : <Salem, Mass., December, 1874, pp. 18-25, figs. 
 
 Insect-catching habits of Sarracenia variolaris ; list of its victims; habits 
 and figures of all stages of Xanthoptera [= Exyra'\ semicrocea and Sarcophaga 
 8arrace7ii(P -. capture of insects by other plants. 
 
 1386. Riley, C. V. On the habits and transformations of Canthon hud- 
 
 sonias, Forst.; the common " tumbledung." <Hartford [Conn.] 
 Daily Courant, 18 August, 1874, No. 11162, v. 38, No. 197, p. 2. 
 Reprint: <N. Y. Tribune Extra: Lecture and Letter series, 
 No. 21, August, 1874, pp. 75-76. 
 Breeding habits and oviposition of Canthon hudsonias l=lcevi8']. 
 
 1387. Riley, C. Y. On the larval habits of the cantharid genera Upi- 
 
 cauta and Senous. <Hartford [Conn.] Daily Courant, 18 Au- 
 gust, 1874, No. 11162, v. 38, No. 197, p. 2. See: <N. Y. Tri- 
 bune Extra : Lecture and Letter series. No. 21, August, 1874, 
 p. 76. 
 Habits and hypermetamorphosis of Meloe angusticollia ; probably parasitic 
 food-habits of young larv» of Epicai^ta and tlenqus) the images phytQt 
 pJiagoue, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 181 
 
 1388. EiLEY, C. V. Humming-bird moths caught by the tongue. 
 
 <Moore's Rural New Yorker, 29 xVugust, 1874, v. 30, p. 140. 
 Method of capture of insects, particularly moths by the flowers of Phyaian- 
 thus albe»8; capture of insects by other flowers. 
 
 1389. Riley, .V. The io moth {Saturnia io). <Illust. Journ. Agric, 
 
 August, 1874, figs. 
 Answer to inquirj' of G. Barter; natural history of Saturnia[^:= Byperchiria] 
 io ; figures larva and ,J and 9 imagos. 
 
 1390. Riley, C. Y. Descriptions and natural history of two insects 
 
 which brave the dangers of Sarracenia variolaris. <Trans. 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1 September, 1874, v. 3, pp. 235-240, figs. 
 10-11. 
 
 Description of leaf of ^an-acewia variolaris and its function of entrapping and 
 digesting insects; description and figures of eggs, larva, chrysalis, and 
 iiaago of Xanthojytera [^^ Exyra} semi-crocea nnd larva, pnparium and imago 
 of Sarcophaga sarraceiiiw n. sp. ; habits of the two species; comparison of 
 S. sarraceuice with S. carnaria and of the genera Jl/i/sca, CaUiphora, and 5ar- 
 cophaga; notice of A. S. Packard's "Transformation of the common house- 
 fly." 
 
 1391. [RiLEY", C. v.] [Discussion on entomology.] <Trans. 111. State 
 
 Hortic. Soc. for 1873, 1874, n. s., v. 7, i)p. 100-104. 
 Description, habits, and means against Anisopferyx; effect of late plowing; 
 enemies oi Doryphora W-Ui^ata] habits of GastropMlus equi, 
 
 1392. [Riley, C. V.] Note on leaf-hopper. <Trans. 111. State Aortic. 
 
 Soc. for 1873, 1874, n. s., v. 7, ]). 138. 
 Meaus against Erythroneura [= Typhlocyba} ritis, 
 
 1393. [Riley, C. V.] [Notes on the strawberry crown borer.] <Tran8. 
 
 111. State Hortic. Soc. for 1873, 1874, n. s., v. 7, p. 147. 
 
 Description, habits, and means against Tyloderma fragarice . 
 
 1394. Riley, C. V. Lecture on entomology. <Trans. 111. Hortic. Soc. 
 
 for 1873, 1874, n. s., v. 7, pp. 172-178, figs. 1-3. Reprint: <3d 
 Ann. Rept. Sec. State Pomol. Soc, Mich, fof 1873, 1874, pp. 443- 
 448. Abstract: <Rept. U. S. Commis. Agric. for 1873, 1874, 
 [30 March, 1875], pp. 389-390. 
 Habits of and means against Carpocapsa pomonella ; habits, transformations, 
 prolificacy of and means against P/ii///oj:e>-a vastatris; description and fig- 
 ures of leaf-galls; figures of root- and gall-forms; history and meaning of 
 the word ''Phylloxeray' statement by D. B. Wier concerning the inven- 
 tion and use of Wier'a apple-worm trap. 
 
 1395. RiLEY', C. V. " Walking-sticks or specters" becoming injurious. 
 
 <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 11 November, 1874, tig. S.-b. No. 23, 
 p. 103. 
 
 Ravages in Yates County, N. Y., vernacular names, habits of, and meaus 
 against Diapheromera femorata; description of its eggs; figure of imago. 
 
 1396. RiLEY, C. V. Entomological notes. <Sci. Amer., 5 December, 
 
 1874 [v. 45], n. s., V. 31, p. 350. 
 Pemphigus imbricator found on beech; vesicatory potato-beetles. Meloidc^; 
 cow manure and cow urine one of the earliest supposed remedies for 
 Phylloxera. 
 
182 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1397. Riley, C. V. The bark louse. <Beach, A. E. The Science Re- 
 
 cord for 1874, K Y., 1874, p. 356. 
 Discovery of the male of Mytilaspis conchiformis [=jJo»ior!<m]. 
 
 1398. Riley, C. V. Codling-moth heresies. <N. Y. Tribune, 2 Jan- 
 
 uary, 1875. S. b. No. 13, p. 1G3. 
 
 Criticism of paper of S. B. Peck ; Carpocapsa pomonella confines its attacks 
 to one apple and does not enter the ground. 
 
 1399. Riley, C. Y. Shall we scrape our trees ? <N. Y. Tribune, 6 
 
 February, 1875. S.-b. Xo. 10, p. 10. 
 Careful scraping of trees early in spring is beneficial as a safeguard against 
 the attacks of many injurious insects. 
 
 1400. Riley, C. Y. What are army- worms ? <X. Y. semi- weekly- 
 
 Tribune, 6 February, 1875. 
 Diflereuces between Laplujgmn frugiptrda and Leucania unipuncta. 
 
 1401. Riley, C. V. The hickory bark-borer, Scolytus caryce. <Col- 
 
 man's Rural World, 6 February, 1875. S.-b. J^o. 17, p. 105. 
 
 Natural history of Scolytus caryic [^ 4-s;pinosHs]. 
 
 1402. Riley, C. V. Genuine vs. bogus chinch-bugs. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 10 February, 1875, figs. S.-b. No. 10, p. 10. 
 
 Answer to iuquiry of C. H. Cushing; food-habits and figures of ^(/sjws de- 
 struclor [_=^(uigustatus~\ and Blissus leucophrus', larva, of Deilephila Uneaia 
 feeds on i)urshine. 
 
 1403. Riley, C. Y. Remedies for Phylloxera. <N. Y. Tribune, 10 
 
 February, 1875. S.-b. Xo. 10, p. 22. 
 
 At present no insecticide is effective against Phylloxera rastatrix; grafting of 
 more susceptible varieties ou the roots of the least susceptible advised. 
 
 1404. Riley, C. Y. Newest facts of grape Phylloxera. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 10 February, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 21-22. 
 Succession of different forms of individuals in the cycle of development of 
 Phylloxera described ; seasons at which the different forms appear; places 
 in which eggs are laid bj^ the winged females. 
 
 1405. Riley, C. V. Is the Colorado beetle poisonous ! <N. Y. Weekly 
 
 Tribune, 17 February, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 9. 
 Insists upon the poisonous nature of the fumes from scalded or burning 
 masses of Doryphora decemlineata, in opposition to statements by Prof. T. 
 J. Burrill. 
 
 140G. Riley, C. V. Notes of Phylloxera. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 Marcn, 
 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 20-21. 
 
 Critical review of A. S. Fuller's "Distribution of the grape-louse;" main- 
 tains the specific identity of the so-called gall-inhabiting and root-inhab- 
 iting forms of Phylloxera, and the North American origin of this insect. 
 
 1407. [Riley, C. Y.] The Colorado potato-beetle abroad. <N. Y. 
 Weekly Tribune, 17 March, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 14-15. 
 
 Statement and criticism of measures adopted by several European Govern- 
 ments to prevent the introduction of Doryphora decemlineata into their 
 countries. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 183 
 
 1408. Riley, C. V. Bud-eatinji insects. <Cultivator and Country 
 
 Gentleman, 25 March, 1675, v. 40, p. 183. 
 Habits, food-plants, and meaus agaiust Agrotin scandens ; means against field 
 cut-AYoruis. 
 
 1409. EiLEY^, C. V. Description of a new species of Agrotis. <Proc. 
 
 Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., March, 1875, v. 17, pp. 28G-288. 
 
 Description of Agrotis morrinoniana n. sp. [p. 2S{J']. 
 
 1410. EiLEY, C. V. On the summer dormancy of the larva of Phyciodes 
 
 nycteiSj Doubledaj', with remarks on the natural history of the 
 species. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1874, 4 June, 
 1875, V. 23, pp. 108-112. Separate: <Salem, Mass., March, 
 1875, pp. 108-112. Abstract: <Hartford fConn.] Daily Cou- 
 rant, 18 August, 1874, No. 11162, v. 38, No. 197, p. 2. See: 
 <N. Y. Tribune Extra : Lecture and Letter series, No. 21, Au- 
 gust, 1874, p. 75. 
 Observations on Phyciodes nycieis and Argynnis bellona ; significance of the 
 same ; detailed descriptiou of the larva and pupa of P. nycteis. 
 
 1411. RiLEY', C. Y. Descriptions* of two new moths. <Trans. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, 1 February [March], 1875, v. 3, pp. 240-242, tigs. 
 12-13. 
 
 Descriptions and figures oi Xanthoptera [== JEji/ra] ridingsii u. sp. and Certira 
 mulliscripta n. sp. 
 
 1412. RiLEY, C. V. The climate for Doryphora. <N. Y. Tribune, 2 
 
 April, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 16. 
 
 Comments ou letter from D. L. Garver; Doryphora decemliiieata would be 
 likely to thrive as Avell in the climates of Europe as in North America ; its 
 transportation across the ocean is not improbable. 
 
 1413. RiLEY, C. Y. [On an Acridium eaten out by ants.] <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 102 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; inner soft parts of an Acridium americanum eaten out 
 by Myrmica miiiuta. 
 
 1414. Riley, C. Y. [On the chrysalis of Pronuha yuccasella.] <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 106 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; adaptation of pupa of Pronuba yuccasella to its needs 
 of prying its ways through tlie soil. 
 
 1415. Riley', C.V. [On regulating sex in insects.] <.Trans. Acad. Sci. 
 
 St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 108 Proc. 
 Verbal communication; critical review of Mrs. Treat's "Controlling sex in 
 butterflies'" ; female insects need more nourishment than the males, but sex 
 is determined in all animals at conception. 
 
 1416. RiLEY, C.Y. [On the peculiarities of 2V(^j/<?7rt ;)??<>« jjje.s.] <Traus. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 109 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; comparison of the structure of male and female JVe- 
 phila plumipes ; habits and silk-production of the female. 
 
 1417. RiLEY, 0. Y. [On the peculiarities of the Mexican honey-ant.] 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 109 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; structural and functional division of the neuters of 
 Myrmecocystua mexicanus into two distinct kinds. 
 
184 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1418. Riley, C.V. [On the-pecuYiaritiesof Physiantlms aWens.] <Trans, 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 109 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; the flowers of Physianthus aliens so constructed as 
 to hold large Sphingida' fast by the tongue. 
 
 1419. Riley, C V. [On the capture of moths by Physianthus albens.] 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 115 Proc. 
 Reprinted, with changes, from <Moore's Rural New Yorker, 
 29 August, 1874, v. 30, p. 140. 
 Verbal communication; method of capture of insects, particularly moths, 
 by the flowers of I'hysianthiis alhens ; records the capture of a number of 
 Noctmda and of Sphingida, especially Deilephila lineata; Nerium oleander 
 aud (Enoihera grandiflora are said to capture Sphinx-moths in Europe. 
 
 1420. Riley, C. Y. [On the Yucca borer.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, p. 139 Proc. 
 Verbal communication; entomological interest attaching to the Yucca; 
 abode and synonymy of Megathymus yucca;. 
 
 1421. RiLEY", C. Y. [New biological facts regarding the grape Phyllox- 
 
 era.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 1875, v. 3, pp. 147- 
 148 Proc. 
 
 Sequence of development of certain forms of Phylloxera; sexual forms of 
 three species of Phylloxera obtained ; alleged discovery by J. Lichteustein 
 of the winged form of P. vastati-ix on Quercus coccifera in Europe, discred- 
 ited, and this form considered by E. G. Balbiani as a new species, named 
 P. lichtensteinii. 
 
 1422. RiLEY, C. Y. [On the connection of locust invasions with the 
 
 occurrence of drought.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 6 April, 
 1875, V. 3, p. 163 Proc. 
 
 Verbal commuuication : no connection between the occurrence of drought 
 and of locust invasions. 
 
 1423. Riley, C. Y. Seventh annual report on the noxious, beneficial, 
 
 and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State 
 Board of Agriculture pursuant to an appropriation for this pur- 
 pose from the legislature of the State. <10th Ann. Rept. State 
 Board of Agric. for 1874, April, 1875, pp. 7 + 196 + 4, 40 figs. 
 Separate: < Jefferson City, Mo., April, 1875, pp. 7 + 196 + 4, 
 40 figs. 
 
 Preface HI 
 
 Table of Contents VII 
 
 NOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The Colorado Potato-beetle, Doryphora lO^lineata 1 
 
 Its gradual spread eastwar i, 1— It reached the Atlantic during the 
 year 1874, 1— Injuries done during the year 1874, 2— Alarm about 
 it in Europe, 3— Prohibiting the importation of American pota- 
 toes by European governments, 3 — The insect probably intro- 
 duced into Europe in the perfect form, 3— It would doubtless 
 thrive in Europe if imported, 4 — Its ravages exaggerated and 
 underrated, 5— On the safety and advisability of the use of Paris 
 green, 8— Past experience with the poison, 10— I ifluence of Pari i 
 green on the plant and on the soil, 11— luflueucij of the green on 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 185 
 
 1423. Riley, C. Y.— Coutinued. 
 
 The Colorado potato-Bketle — Continued. 
 
 mail indirectly tlirou{j;b the soil or through the plant, l'.\ — The 
 beetle eats as well as the larva, 14 — It passes the \v Inter as imago, 
 14 — New food-plants, 14 — New means of destruction, 15 — The 
 Gray sprinkler, 1.') — The proper scientific name of the beetle, 16 — 
 Mr. Carriore's ridiculous statements, 17. 
 The CHiNCii-BUG, Blixmis leiicopterua 19 
 
 Its disastrous work in 1874, 19 — Circular distributed among farm- 
 ers. 19 — Appearance and transformations of the chinch-bug, 20 — 
 The short-winged form, 20 — Description of the chiuch-bug and 
 its earlier states, 21 — Its past history in America 22 — Its past 
 history in Missouri, 22 — D .structive powers of iho chinch-bug, 
 24 — Its injuries in 1874, 24 — Its injuries in Missouri in 1874, 25 — 
 Food-plants, 2(5 — Time required for the coniD.ete development of 
 various insects, 27 — Number of annual broods, 27 — Its rapid in- 
 crease, 28 — Where the eggs arc laid, 28 — Flight of the chinch- 
 bug, 29 — lis migrations on foot, 30 — Heavy rains destructive to 
 it, 30 — Direct remedies, 31 — Irrigation, 31 — Preventive measures, 
 32 — Bnruiuir, 32 — Rolling, 33 — Manuring and early sowing, 34 — 
 Mixing seed, 34 — Preventing the migrati n of the bugs from one 
 tied to another, 35 — Importance of winter work and combined 
 action, 36 — Other possible remedies, 37 — Abstaining from the 
 cultivation of grains 38 — Natural enemies, 38; lady-birds, 39; 
 lace-wing fly and habits of its larva, 40 ; the insidious tiower-bug 
 and the many-banded robber, 41 — Birds destructive to the chinch- 
 bug. 41 — Discussion of other proposed remedies and preventive 
 measures, 41 — The chinch-bug injurious to stock, 43 — Prognosti- 
 cating, 44 — Unnecessary lears, 44 — Bogus chinch-bugs, 45 — The 
 false chinch-bug, 40 — The insidious flower-bug and the ash-gray 
 leaf-bug, 47 — The flea-like negro-bug, 48 — Recapitulation, 49. 
 Appendix to the article on the chinch-bug 51 
 
 List of correspondents who replied to the circular, 51 — Questions 
 answered by correspondents, 52 — Answers given b\' correspond- 
 ents, 53. 
 The flat-headed apple-tkee bokeu, Chri/sohoihris fcmoraia 71 
 
 Extent of its ravages in fruit and shade trees, 71 — Its natural his- 
 tory, 72 — Natural enemies, 73 — Chalcid larva, 74 — The cherished 
 Bracon, 75 — The useful Labena, 75 — Ants, 76 — Remedies, 76 — 
 Keeping youngtrees vigorous and healthj', 77 — Coating the trunks 
 and larger branches withsoaj) and other greasy substances, 77 — 
 Scraping, 78 — Wrapping wire gauze around the trunk, 79 — Cut- 
 ting out the newly-hatched larva, 79. 
 Canker- WORMS, Paleacrita rernata; AniKOpteri/x pometaria 80 
 
 Confusion regarding the two species of canker-worms, 80 — Distin- 
 guishing cliaracters of the spring canker-worm, 80 — Description 
 of egg, larva, and chrysalis of Anisopieryx vcrnata, 82 — How the 
 fall 'canker-worm differs from the preceding, 83 — Description of 
 egg, larva, and chrysalis of Aninopteryx pometaria, 84 — Practical 
 importance of distinguishing the two species, 85 — Comparative 
 description of the spring and fall canker-worms, 86 — Conclusion, 
 88 — Extracts from the original essay on the canker-worm by 
 W. D. Peck, 89. 
 The grape Phylloxera, Phylloxera vastatrix '. 90 
 
 Completion of its natural history, 90 — The true sexual individuals 
 discovered, 91 — Epitome of the life-history of the grape Phyllox- 
 
186 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1423. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The Grape Phylloxera — Continued. 
 
 era, 91 — Different forms presented by the species, 93 — Its power 
 to change its habit, 93 — Specific identity of the gall- and root- 
 lonse, 94 — Untrustworthy experiments made by the Department 
 of Agriculture, 95 — Proof of the identity of the two forms, 95 — 
 The gall-louse is but a transient form, 9G— Where do the winged 
 females lay their eggs ? 96 — The winged female lays tlie'egg 
 wherever she is carried by the wind, 97 — Particular part of the 
 vine chosen by the winged female for laying her eggs, 98 — The 
 true sexual individuals, 9d — Injury done by Phylloxera in America 
 during the year 1874, 99 — Range of the insect in America, 101 — 
 Does it occur in South Carolina and Georgia? 102 — The Phyllox- 
 era in California, 103 — Injury done during the year 1874 in France, 
 103 — Its spread in Europe, 104 — Direct remedies, 105— Natural 
 enemies, 106 — Susceptibility of different varieties of grape-vine, 
 106 — Grafting as a means of counteracting the work of Phyllox- 
 era, 108 — Underground grafting, 109 — Methods of grafting above 
 ground, 112 — Roots to use as stock, 115 — Varieties to graft, 116 — 
 American grape-vines abroad, 116. 
 Appendix to the article on grape Phylloxera 117 
 
 Synopsis of the American species of the genus Phylloxera, 117 — 
 The American oak Phylloxera, 118 — Its natural history, 119 — De- 
 scrijition of Phylloxera rlleyi and the different forms presented 
 by it, 119— Further points in its life history, 120. 
 The Rocky Mountain locust, Calopienus sjiretus 121 
 
 Its natural history, 121— Method of egg-laying, 121— The egg, 122— 
 The newly-hatched locust and its development, 122 — Where the 
 eggs are laid by preference, 123 — The invading swarms are formed 
 by a single species, 124— Difference between the Rocky Mountain 
 and the red-legged locusts, 125 — Mr. Thomas's description of the 
 red-legged locust, 126— Variations, 126- Measurements of Calopte- 
 nus femur-ruhrum, 127— Description of Calopienus spreius a\iCioi\t% 
 larva and pupa, 129— Measurements of Caloj)tenus spreiiis, 130— 
 Summing up the difference between the two species, 132 — Chrono- 
 logical history, 132— Locust invasions in the Old World, 132— Ac- 
 counts of earlier k>cust iuvasions in America, 133— Chronological 
 history of the Rocky Mountain locust, 134— Earlier invasions, 
 135— Data regarding the invasion of 1867, 137— The invasion of 
 1S73, 141— The invasion of 1874, 143— The invasion of 1874 in 
 Missouri, 144— Questions addressed to correspondents in each 
 county in Missouri regarding the locust, 144— Summary of the 
 answers given by correspondents, 145— The invasion of 1874 in 
 Kansas, 148— In Nebraska, 151— In Iowa and Minnesota, 153— 
 In Colorado, 154 — In Dakota and Miinitoba, 155— Flight and 
 ravages of a locnst swarm, 156— Food-plants, 158— Time of ap- 
 pearance of invading swarms, 160— Eastern limits of locust invas- 
 ions, 161— Native home of the species, 162— Explanation of the 
 migratory instinct, 164— This locust can not thrive in the Missis- 
 sippi Valley, 164— Ir i;jan siibalpine insect, 165— What injury may 
 be expected in Missouri in 1875, 166— Ravages of migratory locusts 
 
 . in the Atlantic States, 167— Description of the Atlantic migra- 
 tory locust, 169— Differences between Caloptenus spretus, differen- 
 tialis, and atlania, 170 — Injury from other, non-migratory, locusts, 
 171— The differential and two-striped locusts, 173— Enemies and 
 parasites, 174— Birds destroying locusts or their eggs, 174— The 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 187 
 
 1423. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 TiiK KocKY MocNTAix LocusT— Coutinued. 
 
 silky mite, 175 — The locust mite ;iud Dr. Lo Baron's description 
 thereof, 176 — The anonymous Tachina-fly, 178 — The common 
 tlesh-lly, 180— RcMucdies, 181 — Classitication of protoctivo meas- 
 ures, 181 — Natural agencies, 181— DcHtruction of the eggs, 181 — 
 Destruction of the young wingless locusts, 182— Driving off the 
 winged locusts, 184— Further suggestions, 185— Loijusts as food 
 for man, 18l) — The popular and scientific names of the insect, 
 187 — Prairie fires iw. the Rocky Mountain locust, 189. 
 
 Appendix to the article on the Rocky Mountain locust 191 
 
 IjCtters of three correspondents from Texas and Kansas regarding 
 locust invasions, 1*J1. 
 
 3424. Riley, C. V. The ways of bag-worms. <N. Y, Semi-weekly 
 Tribune, 14 April, 1875, 3 figs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 11, 36. 
 
 Figure of the larva-case of an undetermined species of Psyehidw and of the 
 several stages of Thyridopteryx ephemerceformis \ hahitsof and means against 
 the latter. 
 
 1425. [RiLEY', C. v.] [Poisonous qualities of the Colorado potato- 
 
 beetle.] <N. Y. Tribune, 14 April, 1875. S.b. No. 10, p. 17, 34. 
 
 Mentions instances of poisoning from the fumes given out by scalded or 
 crushed masses of Borypltora decemUneala. 
 
 1426. [RiLEY, C. v.] Cure for canker-worm, <N. Y. Tribune, 21 April, 
 
 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 25. 
 Paris green recommended for destruction of canker-worms when other rem- 
 edies are lacking. Paris green not to be used against all insects. 
 
 1427. [RiLEY, C. v.] Paris green : Its effects on plants and soils, and 
 
 through them on man. <N. Y. Tribune, 12 May, 1875. S.-b. 
 No. 10, pp. 15-16; 34-35. 
 
 Paris green is not injurious to plants or the soil, nor dangerous to man when 
 properly applied. 
 
 1428. [RiLEY', C. V.j Swellings on roots of Ampelopsis. <Colmau's 
 
 Rural World, 5 June, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 1. 
 
 Answer to letter of II. Hilker; swellings on roots of Ainpelopsis possibly oc- 
 casioned by root-lice, but not by Phylloxera. 
 
 1429. Riley, C. V. Apple-tree plant-lice. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 5 June, 1875. 
 Answer to letter of A. Moycr : occurrence of and means against Aphis mali. 
 
 1430. Riley, C. v. [Tomt/>ia e/o/t^aia, the white-grub fungus.] <Col- 
 
 man's Rural World, 12 June, 1875, v — , p — . 
 Torrubia elongata proposed as the name for the white-grub fungus ; figures of 
 the same. 
 
 1431. RiLEY', C. V. The Colorado potato-beetle, Donjphora decemline- 
 
 ata. <Garden [London], 24 July, 1875, v. 8, pi). 71-72, 5 figs. 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. — . 
 Description and figures of all stages of Doryphora deccmhiieata ami D.jmicta; 
 migrations, habits, prolificacy, enemies, and parasites of IJ. dvcvnilineata; 
 means against it ; the use of Paris green ; probability and ])robable method 
 of its introduction into Europe and means of preventing such introduction ; 
 figures Lydclla [= Exorista] doryphora; Harpactor l=Milya8'\ cinctua, Amia 
 r=Podi«M8] spinosuA, and Hippodamia convergens. 
 
188 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1432. Riley, C. V. Locusts vs. cb inch-bugs. <K Y. Tribune, 4 Au- 
 
 gust, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 40. 
 Locust ravages are likely to prevent serious injury by Blissua leucopterua ; the 
 latter more noticeable than usual; excessive rains in 1875, also unfavorable 
 to the development of BUssus Uucopterus. 
 
 1433. Riley, C. V. Ko locust injury in Kansas and Missouri this fall. 
 
 <N. Y. Tribune, 1 September, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 166. 
 
 Predicts immunity from attacks of Caloptetms spretus in the fall of 1875 in 
 Kansas and Missouri. 
 
 1434. Riley, C. V. Prof. Riley and the locusts. <St. Louis Daily 
 
 Globe Democrat, 4 September, 1875, v. 1, No. 108, p. 3. S.-b. 
 No. 10, pp. 158-159. 
 
 Reply to C. A. Davis's "Prof. Riley and the locusts;" food-plants, habits, 
 parasites, and period of development of Caloptenus spretus; need of more 
 extended investigation of this insect in its native haunts and breeding 
 places. 
 
 1435. Riley, C. Y. The grape-leaf gall. <Cultivator and Country 
 
 Gentleman, 9 September, 1875, v. 40, p. 567. 
 Identity of the root and leaf -forms of Phylloxera vastatrix. 
 
 1436. Riley, C. V. White-grub fungus. <N. Y. Tribune, 6 October, 
 
 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 26. 
 Answer to inquiry of A. C. G. ; brief history of Torrubia elongata, a parasite 
 of Laclniostenia fusca. 
 
 1437. Riley, C. V. Flying locusts in Illinois. <Cultivator and Coun- 
 
 try Gentleman, 2S October, 1875, v. 40, p. 679. 
 
 Caloptenus uprettts coufonuded with C. ftmiir-ruhrum by B. F. J. ; C. spretua 
 does not occur in Illinois. 
 
 1438. Riley, C. Y. Remarks on canker-worms and description of a 
 
 new genus of Phalcenidce. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 5 
 November, 1875, v. 3, pp. 273-280, figs. 14-21. Separate : <St. 
 Louis, Mo., 1875, pp. 8, figs. Reprint: <8th Ann. Rept. 
 State Ent. Mo., May, 1876, pp. 12-18, figs. 3-10. Notice: <Ca. 
 Eut., November, 1875, v. 7, p. 219. <Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. 
 Hist., February, 1876, v. 18, p. 201. 
 Treats of Paleacrita [n. g.] vernata and Anisopteryx pometaria; see No. 1482 
 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1439. EiLEY, C. Y. Notes on the natural history of the grape Phyl- 
 
 loxera, Phylloxera vastatrix, Planchon. <Trans. Acad. Sci. 
 St. Louis, 5 November, 18 r5, v. 3, pp. 281-287, fig. 22. Ex- 
 tract: <Amer. Nat., June, 1881, v. 15, pp. 483-484. 
 Discovery of the nidus in which eggs are deposited by the winged female of 
 Phylloxera vastatrix; development, habits, description, and figures of the 
 same; description of the male and of the impi-eguated egg; figure of the 
 male of P. carya'cattlis; summary of the natural history of P. vastatrix. 
 
 1440. [Riley, C. Y.] Grubs and guess-work. <N. Y. Semi-weekly 
 
 Tribune, 12 November, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 17-18. 
 
 Characterizes some subdivisions of the Lamelliconiia by their habits ; con- 
 trasts the larvje, imagos, and habits of Laduiosterna quercina {_:=fa8ca] and 
 ^y gyrus relicUis; means against the former. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 189 
 
 1441. R[iley], C. y. Eutomological. Apple-tree borers; timber en- 
 
 courages tbein ; new bag-woriu. <Colmairs Rural World, 13 
 November, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 188. 
 Timber-trees near apple orchards increase the likelihood of the attacks of 
 Saperda bivittata [_ = can(Uda'\ upon the apple-trees; habits and food-plants 
 of Psyche confederate. 
 
 1442. Riley, C. V. The army- worm; au important point yet to ascer- 
 
 tain in its history. How it comes and goes ; its natural ene- 
 mies; preventive measures. <N. Y. Tribune, 10 November, 
 1875, 8 tigs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 29-31 ; 31-33. 
 
 Various applications of the name "army-worm;" seasons, habits, and nat- 
 ural enemies ot and means against Leucania nnipuncta ; supposed method 
 of oviposition ; figures of it in its several stages, of Exorista flavicauda, 
 Microgasfer {_= Jpantelesi militaris, Ophion piirfjatiim, and Pezomachus min- 
 imun, and of cocoons of the last ; habits of these parasites. 
 
 1443. Riley, C. Y. The flying locusts in Illinois. <Cultivator and 
 
 Country Gentleman, 25 November, 1875, v. 40, p. 744. 
 
 Extent of swarms flying south over Kansas and Nebraska on September 
 (4th?). 
 
 1444. R[iLEY], O. Y. Scabby potatoes. <N. Y. Tribune, 15 Decem- 
 
 ber, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 20, 29. 
 
 The scab in potatoes is caused by imperfectly studied Acarina. 
 
 1445. [RiLEY, C. Y,] Not the Hessian-fly. <N. Y. Tribune, 15 De- 
 
 cember, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 20, 29. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. K. ; significance of the name and habits of Apho- 
 dius iiiquinatiis. 
 
 1446. R[iLEY], C. Y. How to destroy locusts. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 23 Deaember, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, p. 185. 
 Answer to letter of C. Herschel ; means against Acridido"; recommends 
 flooding and ditching. 
 
 1447. Riley, C. Y. Paris green as an insect destroyer. <N. Y. Tri- 
 
 bune, 28 December, 1875. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 13-14; 28-29. 
 
 Paris green as a means against Dori/phora decemlineaia; R. C. Kedzie's in- 
 vestigations show that Paris green is nSt deleterious to the soil or the 
 crops. 
 
 1448. Riley, C. Y. Oak apple. <Amer. Cyclopaedia, 1875, v. 12, pp. 
 
 558-559, 3 figs. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 47-48. 
 Description of galls of Cynipn terminalix, C. 1=: Amphibnlips'] qHercus-spongifica, 
 and C. [^J.] q.-inanis; manner of their formation; figures the latter 
 two galls and a parent fly ; nature of galls and jiroblems involved in their 
 study. 
 
 1449. [Riley, C. Y.] Phylloxera. <Amer. Cyclop;\?dia, 1875, v. 13, 
 
 pp. 477-480, tigs. 1-8. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 84-87. 
 Habits, food-plants, and characters of the genus riiiiUosira : natural history 
 of P. vastatrix; figures its several forms and the galls formed by it; history 
 p| the ravages in the vineyards of France. 
 
190 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1450. [Riley, C. v.] Potato-bug. < Amer. Cyclopsedia, 1875, v. 13, pp. 
 
 768-771, fig. 1-7. S.b. No. 10, pp. 89-92. 
 Food-plants, original home, geographical distribution, natural history, ene- 
 mies of, and means against Doryphora decemlineata; figures of it and of 
 Lydella [_:= Exorista'] doryphorce, Anna \_=:Podisu8^ spinosus, Harpactor 
 [=: Mayas'] cincius, Mysia [=: Awaits] \b-punctatn, and Doryphora juncta. 
 
 1451. RiLEY,C.y. Rocky Mountain locust. <Amer. Cyclopaedia, 1875, 
 
 V. 14, pp. 371-374, figs. 1-10. 
 Eavages, description, natural history, migrations, and enemies of and means 
 a,ga,\ns,t CaJopienua spretus; figures of it with details of its structure and 
 habits; figures C. femur-ruhnun, Astoma gryUarium [= Trombidium loeusta- 
 rum'], Trombidium sericeum, and Sarcophafja carnaria. 
 
 1452. Riley, C. V. The hateful or Rocky Mountain locust, Caloptenus 
 
 spretus. <N. Y. Tribune, 1875. Reprint : <Trans. Kans. State 
 Hortic. Soc. for 1874, 1875, v. 4, pp. 172-176. 
 Answer to inquiry of Z. F. Hopkius ; probable limit of the ravages and range 
 of Caloptenus spretua in Kansas, Missouri, and neighboring States in 1875; 
 means against and vernacular name of this species ; vernacular names of 
 Acrididw and Locustidw in general. 
 
 1453. RiLEY, C. V. Prairie fires and hateful locusts: is there any con- 
 
 nection between them? <N. Y. Tribune, 1875. Reprint: 
 <Trans. Kans. State Hortic. Soc. for 1874-'75, v.4,pp.l76-180. 
 
 Criticism of the effects of the drought, hot winds, locusts, and short crops 
 in Kansas caused by the burning of the prairie grasses as stated in Kansas 
 Farmer, 23 September, l'*74 ; benefits resulting from prairie fires by the de- 
 struction of hibernafiug Blivsus leucopterus, Nysius dcstntctor [= angustatus'], 
 etc. ; relations of prairie fires to the origin and maiutenance of prairies. 
 
 1454. Riley, C. V. [Address on entomology.] <Traus. 111. State 
 
 Hortic. Soc. for 1874, 1875, n. s., v. 8, pp. 103-111. Partial re- 
 print: <Trans. Kans. State Hortic. Soc. for 1874, 1875, v. 4, 
 pp. 103-104. 
 
 j^geria rnbi [:= Bembecia marginata^ injurious to blackberry and raspberry; 
 the cause and cure of scab in apples; ravages, food-plants, seasons, habits, 
 and means against Chrysobotliris femoraia ; evidence for the identity of the 
 leaf-and root-forms of Phylloxera vastairix; means against the same. 
 
 1455. Riley, C. V. Discu^ion of the honey-bee. <Trans. 111. State 
 
 Hortic. Soc. for 1874, 1875, n. s., v. 8, pp. 131-132. 
 Apis melUfica as an enemy to horticulture ; importance of insects in the fer- 
 tilization of flowers. 
 
 1456. Riley, C. V. Notes on locusts. <Trans. 111. State Hortic. Soc. 
 
 for 1874, 1875, n. s., v. 8, pp. 136-137. 
 Native habitat of Caloptenus spretus. 
 
 1457. Riley, C. V. Nonsense about the Phylloxera. <Oolman's Ru- 
 
 ral World, 12 January, 1876. S.b. No. 10, p. 3. See: <N. Y. 
 Tribune, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 27. 
 There is no such species as the American corn-grape, which is reported capa-* 
 We of resisting the attacks of Phylloxera vastairix. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 191 
 
 1458. Riley, C V. Small borer in apple-twig. <Colmau's Rural 
 
 World, 20 January, 1870. S.-b. No. 10, p. 1. 
 
 Auswer to letter of F. Holsiuger; description and habits of Psenoccrus super- 
 notatua. 
 
 1459. RiLEY, C. V. Worms on cottonwood. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 20 January, 1870. S.-b. No. 10, p. 1. 
 
 Answer to letter of J. H. Davidson; occurrence of larvai of Drasteriaerechthea 
 on Fopitlus mouUifera and on TrifoHum; description of the imago. 
 
 1400. RiLEY,C.V. Ailautlius silk- worm in Missouri. <Colman's Rural 
 World, 27 January, 1870. S.-b. No. 10, j). 2. 
 
 Answer to letter of " Subscriber ;" extent and unprolitableness of the cultnre 
 of Samia [= Ji/acHS] cjnthia; naturalization of ^he worm in the United 
 States. 
 
 1461. R[iley], C. V. Causeof smut in wheat. <Colman's Rural World, 
 20 January, 1870. S.-b. No. 10, p. 2. 
 
 Critical review of a report by Pulaski Grange, Tenn., on the cause of smut in 
 wheat; absurdity of the report; occurrence of Brachytarsiis varieyntus in 
 the smut, aud,of larva- of Cecidomyia, Meromy:a, and Chlorops in the lower 
 joints of wheat; smut caused by Ustilago segetum, 
 
 1402. Riley, C. V. Colorado potato-beetle's native home. <N. Y. 
 
 Tribune, 9 February. 1870. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 12-13. 
 Geographical distribution of Doryphora decemlineafa imoT to 1859. 
 
 1403. Riley, C. V. An entomological question. <Prairie Farmer. 26 
 
 February, 1870, v. 47, p. 08. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 4, 5 ; No. 42, pp. 
 76, 77. See: <Prairie Farmer, 4 March, 1870, v. 47, p. 76. 
 S.-b. No. 10, p. 4. 
 
 Reply to Proximo's "An entomological question;" commendation of legisla- 
 tive eftbrts to effect the appointment of a national entomological commis- 
 sion ; text of the two bills introduced into Congress; criticism of the 
 same. 
 
 1404. EiLEY, C. V. Insect ravages. An interesting letter from Prof. 
 
 C. V. Riley. How to protect our agricultural interests; legis- 
 lation, wise and otherwise; the duty of Congress. <St. Louis 
 Daily Globe-Democrat, 4 March, 1870, v. 1, p. 3. S.-b. No. 10, 
 
 pp. 5-8. 
 Importance and extent of injuries inflicted by insects in North America; no- 
 tice of existing legislation upon means against injurious insects; state- 
 ment of legislation needed for protection against locusts; criticism of bills 
 introduced into Congress for the appointment of a national entomological 
 commission. 
 
 1405. RiLEY, C. V. Notes on the Yucca borer, Megathymus yucca:, 
 
 Walk. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 10 January-23 .March, 
 1870, v. 3, pp. 323-344, figs. 25-31. Separate : <St. Louis, Mo., 
 January, 1870, pp. 23, figs. 25-31. Reprint: <8th Ann. Rept. 
 State Ent. Mo., May, 1870, pp. 109-182, figs. 40-55. 
 See No. 1482 for synopsis of contents ; see No. 1603. 
 
192 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1466. EiLEY, C. V. Entomology. An interesting lecture on the insect 
 
 world. The subject considered both practically and scientific- 
 ally. <St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, 25 March, 1876, v. J, 
 p. 3. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 161-164. Eeprint, with omissions: 
 <Ware's Valley Monthly, August, 1876, v. — , pp. 281-289. 
 S.-b. No. 14, pp. 163-167. 
 Definition of entomology ; claims of the science as a liberalizing study ; its 
 economic importance; metamorphoses, abundance, and almost omnipres- 
 ence of insects. 
 
 1467. [EiLEY, C. v.] The insect world. Lecture by Professor Kiley at 
 
 Washington University. A practical subject for fruit-growers. 
 <St. Louis Republican, 26 March, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 178, 
 179. 
 
 Advantages and interest of the study of insects as compared with that of 
 other animals; economic importance of the study; ravages of Glossina 
 morsitans. 
 
 1468. Riley, C. V. Legislation in regard to insects injurious to agri- 
 
 culture. <Natiou, 30 March, 1876, v. 22, p. 208. 
 Amount of insect injuries in the United States; demand for an independent 
 commission ; duties and limits of such a commission. 
 
 1469. Riley, C. V. Entomology. Another lecture by Professor 
 
 Riley. How to counteract the ravages of insects; direct 
 remedies ; practical hints to farmers, etc. Some of the duties 
 of the State entomologist. <St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, 
 1 April, 1876, v. 1, p. 3. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 135-138; 179-184. 
 Reprint, with omissions : <Ware's Valley Monthly, Septem-* 
 ber, 1876, v. — , pp. 369-380. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 168-173. 
 Classification of means against insects; cause of the destructive occurrence 
 of insects ; importation of foreign pests ; history of the introduction and 
 spread of I'icris rapw. Phylloxera vastatrix, and Doryphora decemli7ieata ; 
 natural history of tbese insects; spread of insects by small degrees; ad- 
 vantageous means against certain insects; encouragement of enemies of 
 and jiarasites on noxious insects; need of distinguishing friends from foes; 
 need of co-operation and of legislation for the destruction of insects; duties 
 of a State entomologist. 
 
 1470. [Riley, C. V.] Scarlet mite. <Colman's Rural World, 12 April, 
 
 1876, fig. S.-b. No. 10, p. 160. 
 Answer to letter of G. W. Barnes ; occurreince, habits, and figure of Trom- 
 bidimn sericeum ; habits of T. holosericeiim ; use of T. iinctorium as a dye. 
 
 1471. Riley, 0. V. Hibernation of Amphipyra [=Fyrophila] pyrami- 
 
 doides. <Psyche, March [13 April], 1876, v. 1, p. 152. 
 Extract from 3d Ann, Rept. State Ent. Mo., pp. 72-73, with additional note; 
 this species sometimes hibernates as a pupa, and doubtless frequently as a 
 moth. 
 
 1472. Riley, C. V. Bag- worms and borers. How to protect our shade- 
 
 trees and insure their growth. How to repder shade-trees 
 health;^, I^etter from the State entomologist. <St, Lguis Re- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 193 
 
 1472. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 publican, 14 Ai)ril, 187G, No. 16843, p. 3, 3 tigs. S.-b. No. 10, 
 pp. 173-175; 175-178. 
 Causes of the death of shade-trees iu the city of St. Louis; description, fig- 
 ures, and natural history of and means against Thjjridopteryx ephemerce- 
 formis and Chrysobothris femorata. 
 
 1473. Riley, C. V. The locust plague; bow to avert it. <Proc. 
 
 Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1875, 187G, v. 24, pp. 215-222. 
 Separate : <Salem, April, 187G, pp. 215-222. 
 Extent of the ravages of Caloptenus spretus in Iri?:}, 1874, and 1875; classifi- 
 cation of Jind special remarks on the several means to be employed .igainst 
 the same; need of more extensive investigation of the insect in its native 
 haunts and breeding places. 
 
 1474. R[iLEY'], C. V. Honey locust weevil. <Coliuau's Rural World, 
 
 26 April, 1876. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. H. B. ; larva of Spermophagua robinicB has legs and 
 spins a cocoon. 
 
 1475. Riley, C.V. Apple and peach borers. <Colman's Rural World 
 
 9 May, 1876. S.-b. No. 16, p. 11. 
 
 Answer to in(xniry of F. H. ; habits, natural history, and means against Chry- 
 sobothris femorata and JEgeria \_=^ Sannina'\ exitiosa. 
 
 1476. Riley, 0. V. Notes on the codling-moth. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 17 May, 1876. S.-b. No. 13, p. 153. 
 
 Natural history of Carpocapsa pomonella. 
 
 1477. Rlley, C. V. Plums and cotton. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 17 
 
 May, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 167. 
 Answer to letter of J. C. ; a belt of cotton-batting around the trunk of the 
 tree is no protection against the injury to jjlums by Conotravhehis nenuphar. 
 
 1478. Riley, C. V. Rose-bug remedy. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 17 
 
 May, 1876, fig. S.-b. No. 10, p. 167. 
 
 Answer to letter of Mrs. S. P. Smith; description, figure, habits, and preferred 
 food-plants of and means against Macrodactyhm subspUwHus. 
 
 1479. Riley, C. V. Smut in wheat. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 17 May, 
 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10', pp. 167-168. Reprint: <Colman's Rural 
 World, 14 June, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 169. 
 
 Critical review of two quoted communications by A. S. and by L. Heskett, on 
 the cause of smut in wheat ; smut caused by the growth of Ustilago segetum ; 
 Brachytarsus rariegatits breeds in various smuts; description of the beetle. 
 
 1480. [Riley, C. V.J Potato-beetle; progress. <N. Y. Weekly Tri- 
 
 bune, 17 May, 1876. S. b. No. 10, p. 168. 
 
 Arrival o{ Doryphora decemlineata at the Atlantic coast ; its ravages there and 
 means against them. 
 
 1481. Riley, C. V. Locusts as food for man. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
 
 Adv. Sci. for 1875, 1876, v. 24, pp. 208-214. Separate : <Sa- 
 lem. May, 1876, pp. 208-214. 
 Reference to previous writings on the use of locusts as food for man ; histor- 
 ical evidence of the extensive use of locusts as food ; methods of preparing 
 locusts for food; species used hitherto ; use of Caloptenus spretua ; peculiar- 
 ities of individual taste or national custom. 
 13 ENT 
 
194 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. . 
 
 1482. EiLEY, C. V. Eighth auuual report on the noxious, beneficial, 
 and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State 
 Board of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this 
 purpose from the legislature of the State. <llth Ann. Kept. 
 State Board of Agric. for 1875, May, 187G, pp. 185+4, 55 figs. 
 Separate: < Jefferson City, Mo., May, 1876, pp. 185+4, 55 figs. 
 
 Preface Ill 
 
 Table of Contents V 
 
 NOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The Colorado potato-beetle, Dorypliora \0-Uneata 1 
 
 Damage during the year, 1 — Abuudant in Atlantic States, 1 — 
 Swaruiiug on Coney Island, 2 — Injuring egg-iilant,2 — Its scien- 
 tific name, 2 — Additional enemies, 3 — Eaten by the crow, 3 — Rem- 
 edies, 3— Cost of applying Paris green, 3— Preparing the poison, 
 3 — Use of straw as a protection, 4 — Machine for sprinkling, 4 — 
 Machine for brushing off the insects, 4 — Experience with Paris 
 green, 5 — Experiments of Profs. R. C. Kedzie and Wm. McMurtrie 
 show that it may be used with safetj", 6 — Trial of other remedies, 
 6 — The insect's native home, 8 — The theory that it came from the 
 Rocky Mountain region essentially correct, 10 — Poisonous quali- 
 ties of the insect discussed, 10.' 
 
 Canker-worms, Paleacrita iHmata ; Anlsopteryx pomefaria 12 
 
 Two species long confounded, 12 — They differ generically; new 
 genus {Paleacrita) proposed for one, 13 — The two compared in 
 all stages, 13, 17 — Characters of the genus Paleacrita, 17 — Distin- 
 guished as spring and fall canker-worms, 17 — Practical consid- 
 erations from their differences of habit, 18 — Stunting the larvae 
 does not prodiice male moths, 19 — Traps recommended, 20, 21. 
 
 The Army worm, Leucania unipuncta 22 
 
 Its generic name, 22 — The term "army-worm" applied to various 
 insects, 23 — Past history of the army-worm, 24 — Known since 
 1854 in Missouri, 27 — It 1 olio wed the 1871 conflagration around 
 Peshtigo, Wis., 28 — Its history in 187.^; very general all over the 
 country, 28, 29 — Its history in Missouri in 1875, 30 — Sexual dif- 
 ferences, 30 — Sexual organs illustrated, 30, 32 — Natural history 
 of the species, 32 — Illustrated in all states, 32, 33 — It occurs in 
 Europe, Asia, New Zealand, and Australia, 34 — Description of 
 the egg, 34 — Where the eggs are laid, 34 — Conclusions drawn 
 from structure, 36, 37 — When the eggs are laid, 40 — In what state 
 does the insect hibernate ?, 43 — Habits of the worm, 45— Why 
 it escapes detection when young, 45 — Why it travels in armies, 
 46 — Time of its appearance, 46 — Are there one or two broods?, 
 47 — The fall army-worm, 48 — How distinguished from the real 
 army- worm, 48 — Plants preferred by the army-worm, 49 — Its sud- 
 den appearance and disappearance, 50 — It swarms during wet pre- 
 ceded by very dry seasons, 51 — Its natural enemies, illustrated, 
 52 — Remedies, 54 — Philosophy of winter burning, 54, 55 — Preven- 
 tion, 55 — Summary of the leading facts concerning it, 56. 
 
 The Rocky Mountain locust, Caloptenus spretus 57 
 
 Previous experience in spring of 18G7, 57 — Predictions verified, 58 — 
 General outlook in spring of 1875, 60 — Extent of country ravaged, 
 60 — The outlook in Missouri, 61 — Country ravaged often as bare 
 as in midwinter, 61 — Account by counties, 62 — Atchison County, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 195 
 
 1482. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The Rocky Mountain- locl'ST— Continued. 
 
 62 — ^Andrew County, (52 — Beuton Connty, 6o— Barton County, 
 63— Bates Connty, 63— Buchanan County, 64— Caldwell County, 
 64— Cass County, 64— Clay County, 67— Clinton County, 6H— Dade 
 County, 6d— De Kalb County, 69— Gentry County, 6")— Hickory 
 County, 6U— Holt County, 69— Henry County, 69— Jackson 
 Couuty, 69— Johnson County, 72— Lafayette County, 73— Noda- 
 way County, 73— Newton County, 73— Pettis Couuty, 73— Platte 
 Couuty, 73— Kay County, 74— St. Clair Couuty, 75— Vernon 
 County, 76— Condition ol things in other States, 76— Kansas, 76— 
 Nebraska, 79— luwa, 81— Minnesota, 81— Colorado, 84— Dakota, 
 85— Montana, 87— Wyoming, 8S— Texas, 88— Indian Territory, 
 88 — Manitoba, b9— Damage done in Missouri, 89— Destitution in 
 Missouri, 91— Address of relief committee from Saint Louis Mer- 
 chants' Exchange, 93— Cases of starvation, 94— The Governor'a 
 proclamation, 95— The locusts no; a divine visitation, 97— Natu- 
 ral history ; mode of molting illustrated, 98— Habits of the un- 
 fledged young, 100— Directions in which the young travel, 101 — 
 Rate at which they travel, 102— They reached but a few miles 
 eastofwherotheyhatched,102— Notled by "kings "or "queens," 
 103— The species taken for such, illustrated, 103, 104— The exo- 
 dus in 1875, 104— Time of leaving of the winged insects, 104— Di- 
 rection taken by the wiu;,'ed insects, 105— Destination of the de- 
 parting swarms, 106— Native home of the species, 109— Views 
 previously expressed confirmed, 110— Conditions of migration, 
 112— Conditions which prevent the permanent settlement of the 
 species in Missouri, 113— Modification of the species by climatic 
 conditions, 114, 155— Definition of the species, 114— How distin- 
 guished in all stages from species most nearly allied, 117— Expe- 
 rience in spring of l>-75, 118— Contrast in summer and fall, 119— 
 No evil without some compensating good, 120— Injury to fruit and 
 fruit trees, 121— Food-plants, 121— Only one kind of plant not 
 touched under all circumstances, 121— Changes that followed the 
 locusts, 121— The widespread appearance of a new grass, ordina- 
 rily unnoticed, 122— Appearance of large worms, 123— The locusts 
 did not return in the fall, 124— Natural enemies, 124— Remedies 
 against the unfledged insects, 125— Artificial means of destroying 
 the eggs, 125— Various means of destroying the unfledged young, 
 126— They are within man's control, 126— Tlie proper ditch to 
 make, 128— Machines used in Colorado, 129— Best means of pro- 
 tecting fruit trees, 130— How to avert locust injuries, 131— Pre- 
 vention, 131— Legislation, both national and local, 132— Bills 
 before the Forty-fourth Congress, 133— Need of a national ento- 
 mological commission, 133— The bounties offered in Minnesota, 
 138— The requisitesof a good bounty law, 138, 139— How a bounty 
 law would work, 140— Suggestions, 140— Lessons of year, 142— 
 Locusts as food for man. 143— They have been used from time 
 immemorial, and an; used extensively at the present day. 145— 
 The Rocky Mountain species quite palatable, 146— Mode of prep- 
 aration, 147— False opinions and predictions, 148 — Unnecessary 
 alarm caused by otlier specie-s, 148— Injuries of native species in 
 1875, 150— Locust flights in Ilhnois in 1875, 151— They were com- 
 posed of local species, 152, 153— Explanaticm of these flights, 154— 
 Locust prospects in 1876, 155— No danger from them in Missouri, 
 156. 
 
196 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1482. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 The grape Phylloxera, Phylloxera vastatrix 157 
 
 The injuries not great in Missonri in 1875, 157 — Completion of its 
 natural history, 157 — Where the winged female lays her eggs, 
 157, 161 — The sexed individuals illustrated, 158 — Description of 
 the true female, 159 — Description of the impregnated egg, 159, 
 162 — Practical considerations growing out of these latest discov- 
 eries, 163 — Decortication of the bark to destroy the impregnated 
 egg, 163 — The insect may be imported from one country to another 
 on cuttings as well as rooted plants, 163 — Best time to attack the 
 root-lice, 163 — Phylloxera ravages in California, 163 — Great de- 
 struction around Sonoma, 164 — Need of actiou by the State au- 
 thorities, 164 — Occurrence of Phylloxera in the Southern States, 
 1()4 — Report of committee appointed by the American Pomologi- 
 cal Society, 165 — Its occurrence in Georgia, 166, 167 — American 
 grape-vines iu Europe, 167 — Large demaud for our vines, 167 — 
 The American vines nourishing in Southern France where the 
 European varieties perish, 1(57 — The orders for some varieties 
 exceeded the supply, 168 — Probable future demand, 168. 
 
 INNOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 Thk Yucca borer, Megathymus yucca; 169 
 
 The only North American butterfly whose larva has the boring 
 habit, 169 — The arbitrary nature of classificatory divisions, 170 — 
 Bu^^^terflies and moths not easily separated, 170 — Biological his- 
 tory of the species, 171— Illustrations of all states, 171, 172— 
 Habits of the larva, 171, 172, 181— Mode of pupation, 172,180 — 
 Flight of the imago, 173, 181 — Position of wings when the imago 
 rests or walks, 173 — Bibliographical notes, 17.3 — Detailed descrip- 
 tions of the different states, 174, 175, 181— Structural characters 
 illustrated, 175 — Affinities of the species, 176 — It is a true but- 
 terfly, belonging to the hesperians, 178 — Characters of the cast- 
 nians contrasted with those of hesperians, 176, 177, 178— In 
 classification it is better to widen than restrict iu the higher 
 groups, 179— Enemies of the Yucca borer, 179— Concluding re- 
 marks, 179 — Unsafe to describe species from mere drawings, 179. 
 
 NOXIOUS insects— Continued. 
 
 Supplementary notes on the army- worm, Leucania unijjuticta 182 
 
 Completion of its natural history, 182— Oviposition of the moth 
 described, 183 — Eggs described, 183- Conclusions previously ar- 
 rived at verified, 184 — Description of the different larval stages, 
 184. 
 
 1483. Riley, C. V. Is the Colorado potato-beetle poisonous ? <Col- 
 
 man's Rural World, 7 June, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 164-165. 
 Extract from the 8th Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., pp. 10-12 ; abstract and 
 critical review of Grote and Kayser's "Are potato-bugs poiaonoua ?"; con- 
 siders the experiments inconclusive. 
 
 1484. [Riley, C. V.] The eggs of the army-worm. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 7 June, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 170. Reprint: <Trans. 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, p. 211 Proc. <Amer. 
 Nat, August, 1876, v. 10, pp. 508-509. 
 Reasons why eggs of Leucania unipuncta have not been observed heretofore ; 
 verification of author's conclnsious as to the probable method of oviposi- 
 tion of this species; description of eggs and young larvse. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 197 
 
 1485. K[iley], C. V. Persian insect powder. <N. Y. Tribune, 7 June, 
 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 168. 
 
 Answer to letter of G. W. Holmes ; impossibility of prescribing means against 
 unknown insects; Paris green nL.suital)le for protection of bearing fruit 
 trees ; pyrethrum recommended. 
 
 1486. E[iLEY], C. V. Cocoons of silkworms. <N. Y. Tribune, 7 June, 
 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 168. 
 Answer to letter of A. R. Sprout; description of larva and cocoon of Callo- 
 samia l = Attacuii}promcllica; colors of imagos; food-plants of larvae ; de- 
 position of eggs ; silk of little value. 
 
 1487. [Riley, C. V.] Is Paris green absorbed ? <N. Y. Tribune, 7 
 
 June, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 168-169. 
 
 Answer to letter of M. F. ; plants colored by certain tinctures placed at their 
 roots; Paris green not absorbed into the tissues of plants in perceptible 
 quantities, but neutralized in the soil. 
 
 1488. Riley, C. V. Ditching for young locusts. <(Jolman's Rural 
 
 World, 14 June, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 1 71-172 ; 203-204 ; 204- 
 205. 
 Critical review of J. Stayman's article on same subject; proper width and 
 depth of ditches to check the march of unfledged Caloptenua spretua and 
 other locusts. 
 
 1489. Riley, C. V. Periodical Cicada, "17-year locust." <N. Y. 
 
 Semi-weekly Tribune, 23 June, 1876, 3 figs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 
 106-167. 
 
 Occurrence of Cicada [^ Tibicen] septendecim at Lexington, Va., in 1876; list 
 of localities at which these insects will appear this year ; chronological his- 
 tory of a brood ; hgures of larva, pupai, and imago. 
 
 1490. Riley, C. V. Specific for Colorado potato beetle. <Colman's 
 
 Rural World, 28 Jane, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 160. Reprint, 
 with omissions : <N. Y. Tribune. S.-b. No. 14, p. 7. 
 Answer to letter of R. Barbour; directions for the use of Paris green as a 
 means against Doryphora decemUneata. 
 
 1491. Riley, C. V. [Inquiries concerning the Colorado potato-beetle, 
 
 and Mayor Brown's answer thereto.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, pp. 1^0-172 Proc. 
 Verbal communication ; critical review of answer of Mayor Brown to inqai- 
 ries of A. C. Hardy de Boislieu as to the means of preveutiu;^ the introduc- 
 tion of Doryphora dccemliueata into Belgium ; (juotes the 0th Ann. Rept. 
 State Eut. Mo., p. 16, showing that the fear of such introduction is not 
 unfounded; inaccuracy of Mayor Brown's opinions; manner in which 
 Doryphora decemUneata will probably reach Europe if at all. 
 
 1492. Riley, C. V. [On the ravages of young locusts in western Mis- 
 
 souri.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1870, v. 3, pp. 1 79- 
 180 Proc. 
 
 Verbal communication ; alarming nature of the ravages of unfledged Calop- 
 tenus spreins in western counties of Missouri at the present time ; probable 
 future departure of the winged locusts: means to be adopted against the 
 locusts now. 
 
198 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1493. Riley, C. V. [Lecture ou the Rocky Mountaiu locust.] <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, p. 180 Proc. 
 Brief abstract of lecture; prediction of the speedily approaching end of the 
 ravages of CaJoptenus spretus in Missouri for 1875 ; plentiful crops to be 
 expected subsequently. 
 
 1494. Riley, C. V. [Predictions verified.] <Traus. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, p. 185 Proc. 
 Verbal coniniunicatiou ; accuracy of author's conclusions as to the probable 
 doings of Caloptenus spretiis in Missouri later in the season. 
 
 1495. Riley, 0. S' . [On changes in vegetation caused by locusts.] 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, pp. 188-189 Proc. 
 See : < Amer. i^at., February, 1876, v. 10, p. 125. 
 Verbal communication; remarks on the extraordiuary development of Tilfa 
 ragincf.fiom for a season after the ravages of Caloptenus spretus have occurred 
 an illustration of " the struggle for existence;" the interesting character 
 of such instances of abnormal multiplication of a species ; criticism and de- 
 fense of the expressions "struggle for existence" and "natural selection." 
 
 1496. Riley, C. V. Jumping seeds and galls. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, pp. 190-192 Proc. Reprint: <Gar- 
 dener's Mo. and Hortic, July, 1878, v. 20, pp. 213-214. See: 
 <Amer. Nat., February, 1876, v. 10, p. 125. Pacific Rural 
 Press, 6 April, 1878. 
 Description of the seeds (of an unknown plant) which are inhabited by the 
 larvte of Carpocapsa saUitaus ; manner in which these larvse cause the seeds 
 to roll and .jnmp ; habits of larva within the seed ; description of the plant 
 bearing the seeds; the seed of Tamaristus moved by the larva of Nanodes 
 tamarisci, which feeds within it: description of the gall of Cynips [^ Neu- 
 rotents} quercus-saltatnrius and of the jumping of these galls. 
 
 1497. Riley, 0. V. [Ou the use of Paris green as an insecticide.] 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, p. 193. See: 
 <Amer. Nat., February, 1876, v. 10, p. 126. 
 
 Verbal communication; coutirmation, by experiments of R. C. Kedzie, of 
 autbor's conclusions in regard to the safety of Paris green as an iusecticide ; 
 this substance metamorphosed into a less soluble form in the ground and 
 held in the ground if not used to excess; when applied in small but sutiB- 
 cient quantities not injurious to plants ; objections to the use of the " Po- 
 tato-pest poison " made at the Lodi [N. J.] Chemical Works. 
 
 1498. Riley, C. V. New use for the American Agave. <Trans. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, pp. 195-196 Proc. See: <Amer. 
 Nat., February, 1876, v. 10, p. 126. 
 Verbal communication ; use of the dried flower-stalk of Agave americanus for 
 lining insect-boxes. 
 
 1499. RiLEY', C. V. [Food of insectivorous plants.] <Trans. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, June, 1876, v. 3, pp. 201-202 Proc. 
 
 Drostra, Dionwa and other plants digest, absorb, and appropriate nitrogenous 
 matters ; glands for the appropriation of animal food not yet found in the 
 Sarracenias. 
 
 1500. Riley, C. V. Parasites on bees. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 
 
 June, 1876, v. 3, p. 212 Proc. 
 Bees in California infested with triungulins of a Meloii sp. which sometimes 
 kill the bees; usual habits of such triungulins. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 199 
 
 1501. KiLEY, C. V. Tlie locust pest. <Sci. Amer., 1 July, 1876 ( v. 49], 
 
 n. s., V. 35, p. 0. 
 
 Effects of water and cold on tho eggs of Caloplenm spretm. 
 
 1502. Riley, C V. Swallows; bedbugs, <Colinan's Rural World, 5 
 
 July, 1876. S. 1). No. 10, p. 166. 
 
 Auswer to letter of R. R. Pierce ; nests of Hirundo fidva generally infested 
 by Jean //ua lectidaria; those of Hirundo americana randy ho ; while this 
 habit might cause annoyance about a dwelling, it is of little consequence 
 when the bird nests under the eaves of a church. 
 
 1503. fRiLEY, C. v.] Berry and cherry twigs. <N. Y. Tribune, 5 July, 
 
 1876. S. b. No. io, p. 1G9. 
 Answer to letter of W. Keyser ; eggs of CEeanilius niveits laid in twigs of Rnhus 
 and rruiiHs; description, habits of, and means ii}!^ii\uiit Oberea iripnnciata. 
 
 1504. R[iley], C. V. Three worms and their work. <N. Y. Weekly 
 
 Tribune, 12 July, 1876, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 14, p. 132. 
 Answer to letter of "Subscriber;" means against larvaj of Agroiididce, of 
 Elateridcr, and earth worms, Litmbricus sp. ; eggs of Jgrotin ypsilon laid in 
 the spring; breeding-habits and economic importance of XHHii)-ic«s ; lig- 
 nres of an elatrid larva and imago. 
 
 1505. [Riley, C. V.] Mite parasites of the Colorado potato-beetle. 
 
 <Mirror and Farmer, 15 July, 1876, v. 28, No. 29, p. 2. S.-b. 
 No. 14, p. 221. Reprint : <Gardener's Mo. and Ilortic, Sep- 
 tember, 1876, V. IS, p. 279. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, De- 
 cember, 1877, V. 3, p. 219 Proc. Note: <Araer. Nat., October, 
 1876, V. 10, p. 636. 
 
 Ectoparasitism of a gamasid mite [ Uropoda americana'\ on Doryphora decem- 
 lineata; list of vertibrate enemies of D. decnnlineata. 
 
 The reprints note the occurrence of D. decemlincata in New Hampshire and 
 its ravages along the Atlantic coast. See No. 1610. 
 
 1506. [Riley, 0. V.] [Wheat insects.] <Blair [Nebr.] Times, 20 July, 
 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 200-201. 
 Quotes from 1st Ann. Rcpt. State Ent. Mo., pp. 159-101; wheat injured in 
 Nebraska in 1876 by Cecklomnia destructor and Meromyza amtrirana; ravages 
 of larva, description of imago and means against the latter; occurrence of 
 Disonycha flarivcuiris in Nebraska. 
 
 1507. Riley, C. V. A new enemy of wheat. <N. Y. Tribune, 21 July, 
 
 1876. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 129-130; 130-131. 
 Answer to letter of W. Robsou ; occurrence, habits, and ravages o( Lcucania 
 albilinea in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Kansas; history and descriiition 
 of larva, pupa, and imago of the insect; evolution of new habits and 
 forms among insects. 
 
 1508. [RiLEY, C. v.] Cliiiich-biig; bee-moth. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 26 July, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 201-205. 
 Answer to letter of G. R. Christian ; means against BUhsuh Uucoptcrus .and 
 Gallvria cereaiia ; food, seasons, habits, and descriptmu of the latter. 
 
 1509. RiLEY, C. V. The grape-root borer, .l^Jfieria poliHtiformis. 
 
 <Colman's Rural World, 26 July, 1876, 2 tigs. S.-b. No. 10, 
 pp. 205-206. 
 
 Answer to letter of F. J. Kron ; experiments on means against JEgcria 
 1= Sciapteron'i polistiformis; habits of larva ; figures of imago; geographi- 
 cal distribution. 
 
200 BIBLIOGEAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1510. EiLEY, C. V. Sweet-potato beetles; "beautiful bugs." <N. T. 
 
 Weekly Tribune, 26 July, 187G, 3 figs. S.-b. No. 10, p. 213. 
 
 Answer to letter of W. Suowden; characters aud habits of Cassididce ; descrip- 
 tion and figures of larv* and images of Coptocycla [ = Cassida] hivittata ajidi 
 C. [=C. ] nigripes; descriptions of C. aurichalcea and C. guttata; these 
 species feed on leaves of Ijmmaea batatas and C. aurichalcea, also on leaves 
 of Convolvulus and of Solanmn dulcamara ; means against them. 
 
 1511. [EiLEY, C. v.] Those centennial insects. <N. Y. Weekly Trib- 
 
 une, 26 July, 1876. S.-b. ^o. 10, p. 219. 
 
 Criticism of commnuication of L. A. M. ; list of principal insects preying 
 upon stored corn. 
 
 1512. R[iley], C. v. Wheat midge ; " rue- worms." <N. Y. Tribune, 2 
 
 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 202. 
 LarvjB of Fapilio asferias feeding on Euta graveolens ; description, habits, sea- 
 sons, ravages of, and means against Cecidomijia [=: Diplosis~\ tritici. 
 
 1513. Riley, C. V. Apple and peach borers. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 9 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 3-4; 55-50. Extract: <Cul- 
 tivator aud Couutry Gentleman, 7 September, 1876, v. 41, p. 566. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of F. H. ; Chrgsohothris femorata distinguished from Sa- 
 perda hivittafa [ = candida'\ and ^geria [= Saitnina'] exitiosa; habits and 
 * description of the tirst ; habits of the last and means against both. 
 
 1514. Riley, C. V. Large saw-fly. <Colman's Rural World, 9 Au- 
 
 gust, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 4. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. B. J. ; description of larva and imago of Cimhex 
 laportei [= americana'] ; its food-plants and transformations. 
 
 1515. Riley, C. V. Cottouy scale-insect on maples. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 9 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 4-5. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. F. Mills; Lecamum acericola [=: Pulvinaria inmt- 
 merabilis'] injurious to Acer dasgcarpum at Springfield, 111. ; habits, descrip- 
 tion of the scale, and manner of oviposition ; no great injury ever done bj"^ 
 insects of this genus. 
 
 1516. Riley, C.V. Hickory i's. locust borer. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 9 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 5. 
 Answer to inquiry of F. M. D. ; description of larva and imago and natural 
 history ofArhopalus [= Cgllene'] piclns ; characters distinguishing this from 
 A. [= C.] robitme ; food-plants aud seasons of the latter. 
 
 1517. Riley, C.V. Stag-beetle. <Colman's Rural World, 9 August, 
 
 3876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 5. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of S. Leo; occurrence and characters of Lucamis elaphus : 
 food of larva. 
 
 1518. Riley, 0. V. Eggs of the angular- winged katydid. <Colman's 
 
 Rural World, 9 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 5, 
 Answer to inquiry of V. Kriegel ; descriptions of eggs, imagos, and song of 
 Microcentrum retinerve ; habits and ravages and means against the same. 
 
 1519. Riley, C.V. Experience with the Colorado potato-beetle. <Col- 
 
 man's Rural World, 9 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 6. 
 Letter from N. Coleman; larvie of Doryphora decemlineata in confinement 
 pupated on the surface of the ground ; imagos eat the tubers underground. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OK ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 201 
 
 1520. [Riley, C. V.] An elm enemy. <N. Y. Semi-weekly Tribune, 11 
 
 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 54-55. 
 
 Habits aud ravages of and means against Calrruca cal marie ii sin [ = ranthomr- 
 Jnna']. 
 
 1521. Riley, C. V. The locust in 1876. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 16 
 
 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 73. 
 
 The occurrence and ravages of ('aloj)tcnu8 spirtiis in Minnesota and Colorado 
 in 1876; their absence from other portions of the country occasionally in- 
 habited by them; their destruction by Astomn (jryllaria [^x^ Tromhidium 
 locustanim'] and inability to maintain themselves in parts of the region they 
 infest. 
 
 1522. [Riley, C. V.J The war on "corn- worms." <N'. Y. Semi- weekly 
 
 Tribune, 18 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 73. 
 Review of article by A. Brewster ; ravages of and means against larv;e of 
 Elaterida', Agrotididw and Lachno/iferna qnercina \_=^fu8ca] and the "grub- 
 worm," injurious to growing maize. 
 
 1523. Riley, C. V. Spiued soldier-bug. <Ohio Farmer, 19 August, 
 
 1876, V. 50, p. 118. 
 
 1524. Riley, C. V. "Potato pest poison." <Sci. Amer., 19 August, 
 
 1876 [v. 49], n. s., v. 35, p. 116. 
 Condemning some of the patent poisons for Doryphora decemlineata. 
 
 1525. Riley, C. F. Cottonwood borers. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 23 
 
 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 55. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. R. ; lood-plants and ravages of and means against 
 Plectrodera scalator. 
 
 1526. Riley, C.'V. Harmless insects. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 23 
 
 August, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 55. 
 
 Answer to letter of a "Subscriber;" occurrence of Psocus renosus on apple- 
 trees ; habits and molting. 
 
 1527. Riley, C. V. Locust prospects. <N. Y. Tribune, 6 September, 
 
 1870. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 213-215; No. 14, \)\}. 74-75. Reprint: 
 <Prairie Farmer, 16 September, 1876, v. 47, p. 298. S.-b. No. 
 10, pp. 207-209. 
 
 Answer to letter ot'fi. H. II. ; movements and ravages of Calnpicnus spretus 
 in Aug., 1876, in Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, and Colorado. 
 
 1528. Riley, C. V. Some notes on potato-beetles. <Sci. Amer., 9 
 
 September, 187(5 [v. 49], ii. s., v. 35, p. 104. Reprint: <Obio 
 Farmer, 16 September, 1876, v. 50, p. 179. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 
 6, 7. 
 Critical review of S. R. M.'s " Facts about potato-beetles; " Doryphora decem- 
 lineata dies in the day-time, but not at night ; feeds upon several species 
 of plants; hibernates as an imago, which should be destroyed in early 
 spring. 
 
 1529. Riley, C. V. Entomological works wanted. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 20 September, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 2. 
 Answer to letter of J. W. Newman ; notice of some works on entomology for 
 the use of students. 
 
202 BIBl.IOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1530. [Riley, G. V.] Grape-leaf Philloxera enemy. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 20 September, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 3. 
 Answer to letter of A. Englemau ; Leucopis sp. ? parasitic in galls of Phyl- 
 loxera vastairix and P. rileyi. 
 
 1531. [Riley, C. V.j Grape-leaf gall. <Colman's Rural World, 20 
 
 September, 1S76. S.-b. No. 14, p. 3. 
 Answer to letter of A. A. Briggs; FhyUoxera rastatrix does comparatively little 
 damage on the leaves of grape-vines ; Clinton and Taylor vines peculiarly 
 subject to the attacks of the leaf-inhabiting form ; Concord vines seldom 
 attacked by it and not seriously injured by the root-inhabiting form; 
 means against the leaf-inhabiting form. 
 
 1532. Riley, 0. V. New locust theory wanted. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 27 September, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 62. 
 
 Answer to letter of W. T. D. ; facta not theories wanted in regard to the 
 flights of Caloptenns spreius. 
 
 1533. Riley, C. V. Cecropia worm on elder. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 27 September, 1876, 1 flg. S.-b. No. 14, p. 63. 
 
 Answer to letter of A. S. Van Winkle; description of larva, cocoon, and 
 imago of Samia 1= Attacusi cecro2na ; figure of larva; habits and seasons; 
 availability of the cocoon for silk. 
 
 1534. Riley, C. V. The harlequin cabbage-bug. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 4 October, 1876. S. b. No. 14, p. 56. 
 
 Answer to letter of R. J. Waters ; habits, ravages, distribution, and means 
 against Strachia l^ Murgantial histrionica ; colors of early stages and of 
 imagos. 
 
 1535. [Riley, C. V.] Butterfly chrysalis. <N. Y. Tribune, 13 Octo- 
 
 ber, 1876. S.-b. No. 19, p. 224. Reprint : <N. Y. Tribune, 21 
 October, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 223. 
 Answer to inquiry of E. B. S. ; occurrence of Banais archippus in swarms in 
 central United States in autumn of 187G; colors of larva and pupa; larva 
 feeds on Asclepias. 
 
 1536. [Riley, 0. V.] Domesticated katydid. <N. Y. Tribune, 18 Oc- 
 
 tober, 1876. S.-b. No. 19, p. 214. Reprint: <N. Y. Tribune, 
 21 October, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 219. 
 Answer to letter of C. A. P. ; longevity and food of Mtcrocentrum rethierve. 
 
 1537. [Riley, C. V.] Unjust accusation ? <N. Y. Tribune, 21 Octo- 
 
 ber, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 209 ; No. 19, p. 242. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of a " Correspondent;" Harpalus erraficiis accused of de- 
 stroying shrubbery ; ijredaceous habits of Carahida: 
 
 1538. Riley, C. V. The Rocky Mountain locust. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 1876, v. — , 30 October, 6 November, 13 November. 
 S.-b. No. 10, pp. 185-188. See: <Kausas Farmer, November, 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 225-235. <N. Y. Tribune, October, 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 215. 
 Verification of predictions in regard to the limitation of the ravages of 
 Caloptenus spreius in western Missouri in 1876; gathering eggs, ditching, 
 rolling, and burning recommended as means against tliem ; recommends the 
 employment of soldiers, of hogs, and of poultry, late planting, and the 
 destruction of the locusts in their native country ; Blissus leucopteriia more 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 203 
 
 1538. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 injurious in Wosteni Missouri in 187(5 tlian Caloptenm spretus ; prospect of 
 freeiloni from injury by this former for the noxt two years; Vilfa vagimv- 
 Jiora introduced into the eastern i)raine8 by the locusts ; limit to the east- 
 ern range of the hicusts; they are not led by kings or (lueens; occurrence 
 of larvjv of Deilcpliila Uneata after the disappearance of the locusts; locust 
 flights in Illinois. 
 
 1539. [Riley, C. V.] Canker-worms at the West. <N. Y. Tribune, 31 
 
 October, 1876. S.-b. No. 17, p. 59. 
 
 Occurrence of 7'«7eacr(7a reriiata in Michigan in 1872 and in Ohio in 1874 
 1875, and 1876; brief account of P. vernata and Aimopterijx ponictaria ; 
 their habits, ravages, and means against them. 
 
 1540. Riley, C. V. [The venation of Anisopteryx and variation in 
 
 iniagos.] <Ca. Ent., September [October], 1876, v. 8, pp. 178- 
 ]79. 
 
 Variation in the venation of the wings of Anisopteryx pometaria aud in the 
 imagos ot so-called species. 
 
 li)41. Riley, C. V. A new enemy of the grasshopper. <Lawrence 
 [Kans.j Journal. Reprint: <Industrialist [Manhattan, Kans.], 
 2 i^ovember, 1876, v. 2, No. 30, p. 2. S. b. No. 10, pp. 209-210. 
 
 Letter of F. H. Snow with conuwents; eggs of Calopteiiiis spre/HS destroyed 
 by larv:e of Anthomijia calopteni l^^-angnsiifronsl : characters of the larvaj; 
 eggs destroyed by larvie of some Ichneumon ? [=S!/st(/chuii orcas] ; need of 
 destroying eggs by artificial means. 
 
 1542. Riley, C. V. Silk culture in Kansas. <Natioualist, 10 Novem- 
 
 ber, 1870. S.-b. No. 14, p. 1. 
 
 Importance of silk culture; practicability of the culture and prospects of its 
 increase in the United States; measures for its promotion in Kansas; suc- 
 cessful raising of silkworms on osage orange IMaclura aiirantiaca]. 
 
 1543. Riley, C. V. Bee killers: Asilus flies. <N. Y. Weekly Sun, 
 
 15 November, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 201. 
 
 Habits of AsiUda; especially of Trupauea \^= Promachus] apirora and Asilua 
 missonrieubis l^ Fnntacanfluts mUberti]; description of T. [=P.] ajiivora; 
 larva of Asilus sericeus feeds on roots of Rheum rhaponticnm. 
 
 1544. Riley, C. V. How to use Paris green for the cotton-worm. 
 
 <Colman's Rural World, 15 November, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, 
 pp. 210-211. See : <N. Y. Tribune, 15 December, 1876. S.-b. 
 No. 14, p. 7. 
 
 Auswer to letter of C. W. Niver ; directions for the use of Paris green by the 
 dry and wet method ; description of sprinkling machines. 
 
 1545. [RlLEY", C. v.] Notodonta concinna. <Colman'8 Rural World, 
 
 15 November, 187<;. S.-b. No. 10, p. 219. 
 Answer to letter of J. Barritt ; desL-riptiou of larva of Xotodonta [= CEdema- 
 sia'\ concinna; hal)its, food-plants, and means against the same. 
 
 1546. [Riley, C. v.] Thcdog-day harvest fl^-. <Colman's Rural World, 
 
 15 November, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 220. 
 Answer to inquiry of C. A. U. ; description of Cicada pruinosa [= tihicen'}; 
 method of sonifaction : habits; notice of some manuals of entomology. 
 
204 BIBLIOGKAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1547. [Riley, C. V.] Snake-worms. <Colmaii's Eural World, 15 No- 
 
 vember, 1876. S.-b. No. p. 10, p. 220. 
 Answer to letter of J. Armstrong ; description of larvte of Sciara sp. ; their 
 habit of moving in congregations; their abode and enemies. 
 
 1548. EiLEY, C. V. Locust eggs. <Colman's Eural World, 15 Novem- 
 
 ber, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 223. 
 Answer to letter of C. T. ; female Acrididwl&y more than one litter of eggs; 
 the occurrence of egg-like parasites in males has led to the supposition that 
 the males bore eggs. 
 
 1549. EiLEY, C. V. Locust flights east of the Mississippi. <Colman's 
 
 Eural World, 22 November, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 211-212; 
 221-222; 223-225. Eepriut: <Sci. Amer., 16 December, 1876 
 [v. 49], n. s., V. 35, p. 392, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 216, 217. 
 <Trans. Kaus. Acad. Sci., 1877, v. 5, pp. 62-64. 
 Limitation of plants and animals to certain geographical regions; regions in 
 which alone Caloptenus spreins survives; species confounded with C. spre- 
 tus; occurrence of swarms of v4c)-irfi«m americanum in Ohio; description, 
 geographical distribution, and ^ravages of the same ; swarms of Caloptenus 
 differenUalis, C. atlanis, and C. femnr-ruhrum m Illinois; ravages of the same. 
 The reprint in the Sci. Amer. contains figures of Caloptenus spretus and 
 Acridinm americanum. 
 
 1550. EiLEY, C, V. Locusts again. <N. Y. Tribune, 22 November, 
 
 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 222. 
 Effects of winter on the vitality of the eggs of Acrididw. 
 
 1551. EiLEY, C. V. The army- worm; its natural history complete. 
 
 <Sci. Amer., 9 December, 1876 [v. 49], n. s., v. 35, p. 372, 4 tigs. 
 S.-b. No. 10, pp. 217-219. tieprint, with slight changes: 
 <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1876, 1877, v. 25, pp. 279- 
 283, 2 figs. 
 Geograpliical distribution of Leucania unlpiincta ; figures of all stages and of 
 ovipositor of female; place and manner of ovipositiou ; description of eggs 
 and young larvji- ; number of annual broods; summary of the natural his- 
 tory of this species. 
 
 1552. EiLEY, C. V. The apple-bark louse. <Ca. Farmer, 15 Decem- 
 
 ber, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 50. 
 Seasons, habits, unA TaLxages of Mytilaspis jiomicorticis [=:jjomori(»i] ; descrip- 
 tion of young larvie ; of males and females and formation of scales. 
 
 1553. EiLEY, C. V. The apple maggot ; a formidable enemy. <N. Y. 
 
 Semi- weekly Tribuue, 15 December, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 7-8. 
 Answer to letter of P. M. Augur ; description of larva and imago of Trypeta 
 pomonella; ravages, food-plants, habits, and means against the same; lit- 
 erature of the subject. 
 
 1554. EiLEY, C. V. Entomological notes; confounding friend with foe. 
 
 <Colman's Eural World, 20 December, 1876. S.-b. No. 14, p. 4. 
 Description of scales and eggs of Diaspis liarrisii [= Chionasjris furfurus] and 
 of colors of larva, pupa, and imago of Chilocorus bivulnerus; ravages of the 
 Diaspis; habits and usefulness of the Chilocorus. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 205 
 
 1555. KiLEY, C. V. Locust injury next sprin}?. The territory in Mis- 
 
 souri that will probably suffer therefrom. <C'olman's Rural 
 World, 20 December, 187G. S.-b. No. 14, pp. ,5-6. Keprint: 
 <Industrialist [Manhattan, Kaus.], 17 February, 1877, v. 2, 
 No. 44, p. 4. S.-b. No. 14, p. 49. 
 Predictiou of ravages of CaIo2)tinus ttpretus to occur iu spriug of 1877 in Mis- 
 souri. 
 
 1556. [KiLEY, C. V.j Amputating insects. <N. Y. Semi-weekly Tri- 
 
 bune, 29 December, 1876, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 8-9. 
 
 Description of the work of Klapliidion putator l^riUosiim'] and Oncidcres cin- 
 gulata; habits of both; tignres of larva, pupa, and imago of the latter; 
 similarity in habits of Oncideres aviputator and £. putaior to those of O. 
 cingidata. 
 
 1557. [EiLEY, C. Y., et al.] The Eocky Mountain locust or grasshopper, 
 
 being the report of proceedings of a conference of the Gov- 
 ernors of several Western States and Territories, together 
 with several other gentlemen, held at Omaha, Nebr., on the 
 25th and 2Gth days of October, 187G, to consider the locust 
 problem; also a summary of the best means now known for 
 counteracting the evil. <St. Ltiuis, 1876, 8°, pp. 3-1-58, 8 figs. 
 See : <N. Y. Tribune, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 223. 
 
 Preface, proceedings, pp. 1-36. Practical considerations and suggestions for 
 the suppression of Calojjtenus spriius; description, oviposition, transforma- 
 tions, and habits of the same; its enemies and parasites; means against 
 it; description of Jnthoinyia calopteni n. sp. [^a??<7H8/)yVoH«]. Figures. 
 Prepared by J. S. Pillsbury, P. Pusey, and C. V. Eiley. 
 
 1558. EiLEY, C. V. Potato pests. Being an illustrated account of the 
 
 Colorado potato-beetle and the other insect foes of the potato 
 in North America, with suggestions for their repression and 
 methods for their destruction. <New York: Orange Judd 
 Company [1S76], pp. 108,49 figs., map. Eeview: <Cu]tivator 
 and Country Gentl., 11 January, 1877, v. 42, p. 25. Reply to 
 review : <lbid., 1 February, 1877, v. 42, p. 78. S.-b. No. 14, 
 pp. 56-57. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface 7 
 
 Introduction 3 
 
 The Colorado potato-beetle, Doryphora 10-Uneata 11 
 
 Its past history 11 
 
 Prediction that it would reach the Atlantic, 12— Its march across 
 the country, i:J— It reaches the Atlantic, 14— Its swarming in 
 large cities, IC — Its occurrence out at sea, 17. 
 
 The insect's native home 17 
 
 When it first attacked the potato, 18. 
 
 Kate at which it traveled 21 
 
 How it traveled ~1 
 
 Mostly in the beetle state, 21— Assisted by man, 21— Tendency to 
 migrate in swarms, 23. 
 It spreads, but does not travel in the sense of leaving one district for 
 
 another - 23 
 
206 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 
 
 1558. EiLEY, C. v.— Coutiinied. 
 
 The Colokado potato-bektle— Coutinued. 
 
 Area invaded by it 24 
 
 Causes which limit its spread 25 
 
 Intense heat in the South, 25 — Excessive dryness in the mountains, 
 26. 
 
 How it affected the price of potatoes 26 
 
 The modification it has undergone 27 
 
 Its natural history 27 
 
 First made known in 1863, 28 — The female capable of laying 1,000 
 eggs, 29 — Three broods a year, 28. 
 
 Its poisonous qualities 29 
 
 Exhalations from the crushed bodies injurious, 29. 
 
 Its food-plants 30 
 
 The number increases with each year, 32 — Varieties of potatoes 
 preferred, 33. 
 
 The beetle eats as well as the larva 33 
 
 Its natural enemies 34 
 
 Birds which feed upon it, 35-36 — Domestic fowls, 36 — Reptiles, 36 — 
 Spiders and ites, 36-38 — True insects, 39 — Rust-red social wasp, 
 40— Lady-birds, 40-43 — Ground-beetles, 44-45 — Rove-beetles, 46 — 
 Blister-beetles, 46 — Soldier-bugs, 47-51 — Tachina-fly, 52 — Asilus- 
 flies, 53. 
 
 Remedies 54 
 
 Encouragement of natural enemies, 54 — Preventive measures, 54 — 
 Mechanical means of destruction, 55 — Pincers for, 56 — Sun-scald- 
 ing, 56 — Horse-machine, .57 — Machines for collecting, 58, 59— Poi- 
 sonous applications to the plant, 60 — Paris green, 61 — Different 
 modes of using Paris green, 62-65 — Other poisonous applications 
 tested, 66 — Patent poisons, 68. 
 
 The use of Paris green '. 69 
 
 Its influence on the plant, 70 — Its influence on the soil, 71 — Its in- 
 fluence on man indirectly through the soil or through the plant, 74. 
 
 Bogus experiments 75 
 
 Alarm about the insect abroad 76 
 
 Unnecessary prohibition of traffic in American potatoes, 77 — How 
 the insect will most likely get to Europe, 78 — The chances of its 
 getting there, 79-82 — Could it become acclimated there ?, 82. 
 
 Nomenclature 83 
 
 The bogus Colorado potato-beetle, Boryphora juncta 85 
 
 It has always existed east of the Mississippi, 85 — It never attacks 
 the cultivated potato, 85 — Easily confounded with its potato- 
 feeding congener, 86 — How the two differ, 86-88. 
 
 OTHER INSECT FOES OF THE POTATO. 
 
 The STALK-BORER, Gortijna nitda 90 
 
 Habits, 90— Remedy, 91. 
 
 The POTATO STALK-WEEVIL, TriclioiaHs trinotata 92 
 
 Habits, 92— Remedy, 93. 
 
 The POTATO or tomato worm, Protoparce celeus 93 
 
 Habits, 94 — Remedies, 95 — Parasites, 96. 
 
 Blister-beetles 96 
 
 The striped blister-beetle, Epicauta vUtaia 97 
 
 The ash-gray blister-beetle, Macrohaais unicolor 98 
 
 The black-rat blister-beetle, Macrobasis unicolor 99 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 207 
 
 1558. EiLEY, C. v.— Coutiuued. 
 
 Blistkimjeetles — Ccmtiiiuod. 
 
 The black blistcr-bcctlo, Epicauta pcnnnylvauica 99 
 
 The iiiiir^iued blister-beetle, Epicunlg, ciiicna 99 
 
 Keiuedies, 100. 
 The thuee-lined I'otato-bketi.k, Lcma triUiieata 100 
 
 Habits, 101, lO'i— Reineclies, 102. ' 
 The cucumber flka-iu:etle, Crtpidodcra cucnmcrin 102 
 
 Habits, lOo — Remedies, 103. 
 The cluhbed toktoise-bketle, Coptocijda davata 103 
 
 Habits, 103— Remedies, 104. 
 
 1559. EiLEY, C. Y. Gall-insects. <Jobiis()ii's New Universal Cyclo- 
 
 paedia, 1876, V. 2, pp. 412-4JG, 16 tigs. !S.-b. No. 10, pp. 76-80. 
 Detiuition of the term "gall-iusects"; classiticatiou aud habits of the same; 
 meutiou by name aud figures of typical species and galls made by them; 
 dimorphism and metagenesis of Cynips. 
 
 1560. EiLEY', C. Y. Gall nuts. < Job nson's New Universal Cyclopsedia, 
 
 1876, V. 2, p. 4i7, 1 tig. S.-b. No. 10, p. 81. 
 Definition of ''gall-nuts" formed by Cynips flallwtnictoricu on twigs of Quer- 
 CU8 infectoria', local origin, chemical composition, use iu the arts. 
 
 1561. EiLEY, C. V. Galls. <Jolinsoii's New Universal Cyclopaedia, 
 
 1876, V. 2, pp. 418-419, 2 tigs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 82-8;i 
 Definition of "galls;" their variety of form, texture, aud location; their 
 nature and source. 
 
 1562. RiLEY, C. Y. Locnst prospects. <Colniau's Rural World, 3 
 
 January, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 57-58; 58-59. 
 Explains means of prognosticating the advent of Caloptenua apretus iu the 
 spring of 1877 ; recommends measures of precaution and the procurement 
 of information concerning means against these insects, aud gives assurance 
 that the invasion of the locusts will be but temporary. 
 
 1563. Riley, C. Y. Bots. <Sci. Amer., 6 January, 1877 [v. 50], u. s., 
 
 V. 36, pp. 9-10. Reprint: —S.-b. No. 14, pp. 235-236. <Lau- 
 caster Farmer, 15 September, 1877, v. 9, p. 142. S.-b. No. 14, 
 p. 129. <Cohuan's Rural World. S.-b. No. 14, p. 100. 
 Habits, ravages, aud means against Gastrophilua eqiii, Cephalomyia [_= (Eairua^ 
 ovis, and Uypodama bovis. 
 
 1564. [RiLEY', C. Y.J Academy of* Science. Brilliant and profound 
 
 address of Prof. C. Y. liiley. The splendid record of the 
 Academy for the i»ast year. Reports of ollicers aud committees 
 and election of managers for the ensuing year. <St. Louis 
 Times, 16 January, 1877, v. — . S.-b. 14, pp. 91-96. Reprint: 
 <Traus. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Decem))er, 1877, v. .5, pp. 238- 
 254 Proc. Separate: <St. Louis, 1877,16 pp. Translation: 
 <Anzeiger des Westerns, 16 January, 1877, v, 43, p. 3. S.-b. 
 No. 14, i)p. 50-54. ♦ 
 
 Review of progress made in science in North America, aud especially by the 
 Academy of Science of St. Louis iu 1876; n-miirks on entomological ob- 
 * servatioiis aud publications, and especially on Doryphora deccmlineata, 
 
 Phylloxera vastatrix, and Calopltnns sjyrctnn. 
 
208 BIBLIOGRAPHY- OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1565. KiLEY, C. V. Is this a grasshopper year? Prof. Riley's opinion 
 
 concerniug the prospect for bugs. It all depends on the kind 
 of weather we have during February. <St. Louis Daily Globe 
 Democrat, 7 February, 1877, v. 2, No. 263, p. 3. S.-b. No. 14, 
 pp. 69-70. Eeprint: <Industrialist [Manhattan, Kans.] 17 
 February, 1877, v^. 2, pp. 1, 4. S.-b. No. 14, p. 49. See: <Col- 
 man's Rural World, 1877. S.-b. No. 1, pp. 59-o0. 
 Replies to questions as to the likelihood of the hatching of eggs of Caloptenus 
 spretus in the spring of 1877; the degree of development attained before 
 winter ; possibility of the resumption of development after it has once 
 been arrested. 
 
 1566. [Riley, C. V.] Are the locusts hatching? Mistaken identity. 
 
 <Colman's Rural World, 14 February, 1877, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 
 14, p. 62. 
 
 Modified extract from 8th Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., May, 1876, pp. 149-150, 
 Tragocephala l^=Chorto])haga~\ viridifasciata and Tettix granulatus mistaken 
 for Caloptenus spretus; geographical distribution of the first; hibernation 
 and colors of the two former ; figures of both. 
 
 1567. RiLEY, C. V. Condition of locust eggs: Inquiries answered. 
 
 <Colman's Rural World, 21 February, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 
 67-68; 68. 
 Replies to inquiries as to the degrees of development attained by eggs of 
 Caloptenus spretus submitted for examination. 
 
 1508. Riley, C. V. Tarred paper for fruit trees. <Colmao's Rural 
 World, 7 March, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 61. 
 Critical review of article by E. Gaylord ; the inclosure of trunks of fruit 
 trees in tarred paper serviceable as a protection from the sun, rabbits, 
 mice, and borers. 
 
 1569. Riley, C. V. Insect on the grape. <Uardener's Mo. and Hortic, 
 
 March, 1877, v. 19, p. 90. 
 Varieties of grape attacked by Desmia maculalis ; means against the same. 
 
 1570. Riley, C. V. Ninth annual report on the noxious, beneficial, 
 
 and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the State 
 Board of Agriculture, pursuant to an appropriation for this 
 purpose from the legislature of the State. <12th Ann. Rept. 
 State Board of Agric. for 1876, March, 1877, pp. 7-|-129-f 3, 33 
 figs. Separate: <Jeft'erson City, Mo., March, 1877, pp. 
 7.f 129+3, 33 figs. 
 
 Preface Ill 
 
 Table of Contents V 
 
 NOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 Currant AND GOOSEBERRY WORMS 1 
 
 There are several species, having difi'erent habits, 1— Three which 
 may be destroyed by similar methods, 1 — Botanical details as to 
 the currant and gooseberry, 2. 
 The gooseberry span-worm, Eufitchia ribearia 3 
 
 Its natural history, 3— Most destructive gooseberry insect in Mis- • 
 
 souri, 3 — Generic nomenclature, 3 — Characters of the moth, 4 — 
 Description of the egg, 4— Where the eggs are laid, 4— The in- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 209 
 
 1570. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 The gooseberry span-worm— Continued. 
 
 sect single-brooded, 5— How it spreads, 5— A native species, &— 
 Its past history, f)— It prefers the gooseberry to the currant' 6— 
 The moth is closely imitated by one which greatly ditiers struct- 
 urally, 6— Parasites. 6— Remedies, 7— Other currant span- 
 worms, 7. 
 
 The imported Curraxt-worm, Nemaius rihesii 7 
 
 Belongs to the "false-caterpillars," 7— The different specific names 
 it has received, 7— An imported species, 8— Its introduction and 
 spread, 8— Independently imported at several eastern points, 9— 
 Its natural history, 9— How the eggs are laid, 10— Nature and 
 habits of the worm, 11— Characters of the parent dies, 12— Pre- 
 ventive measures, 13— Remedies, 13— White hellebore the best, 
 13— How best used, 14-15— The worm is not poisouous, 16— Nat- 
 ural enemies, 17— It furnishes a forcible example of arrenotoky, 
 or the power of producing male offspring without impregnation, 
 18— Results of parthenogenesis in different insects, 18— It also 
 furnishes an interesting instance of defunctionation of special 
 parts, 19— The saw of the female imperfect compared with others, 
 20— Evolutionary bearings of this fact, 21— Descriptive, 21— 
 Variation in the anteunie and wing veins, 22. 
 
 The NAxm: curraxt-worm, PrisUphora grossuJaria 23 
 
 Wherein it differs from the imported species, 23— Its habits, 24— 
 Where the eggs are laid, 25— How the winter is passed, 25— Its 
 occurrence in Missouri, 2G— Remedies, 26— Descriptive, 26. 
 
 The strawberry- worm, Harpiphoms maculatits 27 
 
 Also a false-caterpillar, 27— It has a wide range, 27— How the eggs 
 are deposited, 28— Character and habits of the worm, 28— Reme- 
 dies, 28— Descriptive, 28. 
 
 Abbot's white pixe-worm, Lophijrus dbhotii 29 
 
 Destructive power of the insects of its genus in Germany, 29— 
 Evergreens which it prefers, 30— Habits and characters of the 
 worm, 30— Variation in the anrennaj, 30— Characters of the per- 
 fect flies, 30-31— How the eggs are laid, 31— Natural enemies, 
 31 — Remedies, 32— Descriptive, 32. 
 
 Le Coxte's PiSE-woiiM, Lophyrus lecontei 32 
 
 A more general feeder than Abbot's species, 32— The close resem- 
 blance of the worms, 33— How they differ, 33— Descriptive, 33— 
 Other species of the genus, 34. 
 
 The Colorado potato-beetle, Doryphora lO-Iineala 34 
 
 Injury in the West in 1876, 34— Spread of the insect during the 
 year, 34-35— Its great abundance on the Atlantic coast, 35— Rate 
 at which it traveled since 1859, 37— An average of 88 miles a 
 year, 37— How it traveled, 37; principally iu the beetle state, 
 and greatly assisted by man, 37— Its migrr^ting habit, 38— 
 Area invaded by it nearly 1,. 500,000 square miles, 38— Causes 
 which limit its spread, 38— Will it reach the Pacific slope f, 39— 
 How it affected the price of potatoes, 39— The modification it has 
 undergone, 40— A mite j)arasite added to its natural enemies, 
 41— Its introduction to Europe, 42— A living specimen found last 
 summer in the Bremen dock-yards, 42— Could it live and multi- 
 ply in Europe f, 43— Action taken by Enropean governments to 
 prevent its introduction, 44— Consideration of the Kearney " po- 
 tato-pest poison," 45. 
 13 ENT 14 
 
210 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1570. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The army-worm, Leucania unipuncta 47 
 
 Further notes and experiments thereon, 47 — Two generations pro- 
 daced annually at St. Louis, and a probable third generation, 
 exceptionally, 48 — Summary of its natural history, 49. 
 The wheat-head army-worm, Leucania alMlinea 5o 
 
 A new enemy to wheat, 50 — First complaint of it in the East, 51 — 
 First appearance in Kansas, 51 — Habits and natural history, 52 — 
 The egg" differs from that of the army- worm, 53 — Wherein the 
 worm is distinguished from its destructive congener, 54 — Two 
 broods each year, 54 — Natural enemies, 54 — Remedies, 55 — De- 
 scriptive, 55. 
 The Rocky Mountain locust, Caloptenus spretus 57 
 
 It continues to interest the people of the West, 57 — Previous opin- 
 ions justified, 57 — The invasion of 1876, 59 — Few in British Amer- 
 ica, 59 — Condition of things in Montana, 59 — In Wyoming, 59 — 
 in Dakota, 59 — In Minnesota, 60 ; locusts and alkali soil, 61 ; 
 good done by Governor Pillsbury, of Minnesota, 61 — In Colorado, 
 62 — In Iowa, 03 — In Nebraska, 64 — In Kansas, 65— In Missouri, 
 66 — Flights in opposite directions at the same time, 66 — Coun- 
 ties in Missouri that were overrun, 67 — Red-legged locust trou- 
 blesome in east Missouri, 68 — Detailed reports from counties in 
 Missouri, 68 — Andrew County, 68 — Atchison County, 68 — Barry 
 County, 68 — Barton County, 69 — Bates County, 69 — Benton 
 County, 69 — Buchanan County, 69 — Cass County, 69 — Cedar 
 ^ County, 70— Caldwell County, 70— Clay County, 70 — Dade 
 
 County, 70— De Kalb County, 70 — Gentry County, 70— Greene 
 County, 71 — Harrison County, 71 — Henry County, 71 — Hickory 
 County, 71 — Holt County, 71 — Jasper County, 72 — Jackson 
 County, 73 — Johnson County, 73 — Lafayette County, 73 — Law- 
 rence County, 73— McDonald County, 74— Newton County, 74 — 
 Nodaway County, 74 — Pettis County, 74— Platte County, 74 — 
 Polk County, 75— Ray County, 75 — Saint Clair County, 75 — Ver- 
 non County, 75— In Indian Territory, 76— In Texas, 76— In Arkan- 
 sas, 76— Destination of the departing swarms of 1875, 77 — They 
 reached into British America, 78 — Source of the swarms of 1876, 
 79 — Eastern line reached, 80 — Rate at which the insects spread, 
 80— Direction of flight, 81 — Influence of wind in determining 
 the course of locust swarms, 81— Locust flights east of the Mis- 
 sissippi, 81 — Geographical range of species, 82 — Causes which 
 limit the spread of the Rocky Mountain locust, 83— Flights of 
 Acridium americanum, 84 — Does the female of the Rocky Mount- 
 ain locust lay more than one egg-mass ?, 85 — How the eggs are 
 laid, 86 — Philosophy of the egg-mass, 87 — How the young locust 
 escapes from the egg, 88— How it escapes from the ground, 90— 
 Additional natural enemies, 91 — Animals which destroy the eggs, 
 91— The Authomyia egg-parasite, 92— The common flesh-fly, 95— 
 Other undetermined enemies of the eggs, 96 — Insects which de- 
 stroy the active locusts, 98 — Experiments with the eggs and 
 conclusions therefrom, 99— Experiments to test the eftects of 
 alternately freezing and thawing, 99— Experiments to test the 
 influence of moisture upon the eggs, 104— Experiments to test 
 the effects of burying at different depths and of pressing the 
 soil, 104— Experiments to test the eff'ects of exposure to the free 
 air, 104- The Omaha confereuce, 106— Remedies and suggestions, 
 108— Des ruction of the young or unfledged locusts, 108— Protec- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 211 
 
 1570. Riley, C. R.— Continued. 
 
 The Rocky Mountain locust— Continued. 
 
 tiou of fruit-trees, 110— Lejiislation, HI — Act passed by the Mis- 
 souri legislature, 111 — Acts passed by the Kansas legislature, 
 112 — Act providing for the destruction of locusts in Minnesota, 
 114 — Area in which eggs were laid, 116 — Condition of eggs. 117 — 
 Temperature of the winter of 1876-'77, 120— Prospects for 1877, 
 121. 
 
 INNOXIOUS INSECTS. 
 
 The Hellgra.mmite, Corydalna cornutus 125 
 
 Its curious egg-mass described, 126 — Resembling bird-dung at a dis- 
 tance, 126— Where laid. 127— The egg- burster, 127— Characters 
 and habits of the newly-hatched larva, 127 — Difficulty of rearing 
 it in still water, 128 — The eggs that have been hitherto mistaken 
 for those of Corydalus, 128 — They are probably those of Belo- 
 stoma grandis, 128. 
 
 The Yucca borer, Megathymus yucca; 129 
 
 It is single-brooded, 129 — Will thrive in the latitude of St. Louis, 
 129 — The larva molts quite often, 129. 
 
 1571. RiLEY", C V. Important observations on the Rocky Mountain 
 
 locust or grasshopper pest of the West. <Sci. Amer.. 28 
 April, 1877 [v. 50], n. s., v. 36, pp. 260-261, 5 figs. 
 Observations on the egg-laying habits of Caloptenus spretus ; figures Bgg, egg- 
 masses, method of oviposition, and female anal characters. 
 
 1572. Riley, C. V. Experiments with locust eggs and conclusions 
 
 therefrom. <Sci. Amer., 5 May, 1877 [v. 50J, n. s., v. 36, pp. 
 276-277. S.-b. No. U, p. 101. 
 Experiments upon the vitality of eggs of Caloptenus spretus; effects of alter- 
 nately freezing and thawing, of exposure to great moisture or to the free 
 air, and of burying them at different depths. 
 
 1573. Riley, 0. V. Prof. Riley's report to the Governor of Kansas: 
 
 The grasshopper question : Interesting information. <Com- 
 mouwealth [Topeka, Kans.], 12 May, 1877, :No. 2500, p. 2. S.-b. 
 No. 14, pp. 63-67. Reprint : <St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, 
 14 May, 1877, v. 2, No. 359, p. 3. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 70-72. 
 Notice : Klbid., p. 4. S.-b. No. 14, p. 70. See : <Kansas 
 Farmer, 16 May, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 59. 
 
 Reply to letter of Governor G. T. Anthony ; area within Kansas in which eggs 
 of Caloptenus spretus were laid in 1876; the degree to which the young 
 from these eggs had perished or were likely to commit ravages in the sum- 
 mer of 1877 ; causes of the destruction of a great proportion of the young 
 locusts; means of completing this destruction. 
 
 1574. Riley, C. V. The strawberry leaf-roller, Anchylopcra fragaria;. 
 
 <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, May, 1877, v. 19, pp. 143-144, 
 fig. S.-b. No. 14, p. 45. 
 
 Repfiint, with additional introduction and note, from 1st Ann. Rept. 
 State Ent. Mo., March, 1869, pp. 142-143, fig. 80. See No. 1059 for sy- 
 nopsis of contents. 
 
212 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1575. [EiLEY, C. v., et al.\ U. S. Entomological Commission. Circular 
 
 No. 1. [Kiley, Packard, Thomas.] <Washiugton : 1877, 8°, 
 4 pp. 
 
 Queries regarding the migrations, appearances, habits, and ravages of Calop- 
 teniissjyretus^ directions for making replies. 
 
 1576. Riley, C. V. U. S. Entomological Commission. Circular No. 2. 
 
 < Washington: 1877, 8°, 4 pp. 
 Plans of work ; request for information regarding the natural history, insect 
 enemies, and parasites of Caloptenus spretus and other locusts ; means 
 against the same. 
 
 1577. [Riley, C. V., et al.] Bulletin of the United States Entomologi- 
 
 cal Commission. Destruction of the young or unfledged lo- 
 custs. No. 1. [Riley, Packard, Thomas.] <Washington: 1877, 
 8°, 12 pp. See: <Sci. Amer., 2 June, 1877 [v. 50], n. s., v. 26, 
 p. 344. 
 
 Enumeration of means of destroying young or unfledged locusts; quotations 
 of laws passed by Statesof Missouri, Kansas, and Minnesota to provide for 
 the destruction, of locusts and their eggs. 
 
 Supplement to Bulletin No. I, 2 pp. Summary of means for the destruction 
 of young locusts. 
 
 1578. [RiLEY, C. v., et al.\ Bulletin of the United States Entomologi- 
 
 cal Commission. On the natural history of the Rocky Mount- 
 ain locust, and on the habits of the young or unfled{;ed in- 
 sects as they occur in the more fertile country in which they 
 will hatch the present year. No. 2. [Riley, Packard, Thomas.] 
 <Washington : May, 1877, 8°, 15 pp., figs. 1-11, map. 
 Description, oviposition, hatching, transformations, and habits of Caloptenus 
 spretus ; map of the country that will suflFer most severely, showing the 
 eastern limit of injAry the present year. 
 
 1579. Riley, C. Y. The grape leaf-folder. <Journ. and Farmer, 14 
 
 June, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 133. 
 
 Description of larva, imago, habits, ravages, distribution, seasons, and food- 
 plants of Desmia niaculalis. 
 
 1580. Riley, 0. V. The rascal leaf-crumpler. <Journ. and Farmer, 
 
 14 June, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 133-134. 
 
 Description of larva, larva-case, imago, habits, ravages of, distribution, sea- 
 sons, food-plants, and means against P%cif« nebnlo 1=: Acrobasis indiginella']. 
 
 1581. Riley, C. V, The Hessian-fly. <Journ. and Farmer, 14 June, 
 
 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 135. 
 Description of eggs, larva, puparium, and imago of Cecidomyia destructor; 
 civil history, seasons, habits, ravages of and means against it ; habits of 
 Semiotellus [_=:Merisus^ destructor. 
 
 1582. Riley, C. V. Locust prospects. <Sci. Amer., 16 June, 1877, 
 
 [v. 50], n. s., V. 36, p. 369. 
 Causes of the destruction of a great proportion of the young of Caloptenus 
 spretus; a general and disastrous invasion improbable for some years. 
 
 1583. [Riley, C. V.] Insect enemies. <N. Y. Tribune, 16 June, 1877. 
 
 S.-b. No. 14, pp. 234-235. 
 1. Apple-borers ; answer to letter of V. B. P. ; young apple-trees killed by 
 Xyleborus obesus. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 213 
 
 1583. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 2. Rose-chafer; answer to letter of I. M. II.; means against Macrodactylus 
 
 aubapinosus. 
 
 3. Bark-louse; answer to letter of J. L. K. ; seasons and ravages of and means 
 
 against Mytilaspis pomicorticis [:= pomorum'\. 
 
 4. Flea-beetle ; answer to letter of J. E. R. ; habits, ravages, and means 
 
 against Graptodcra \^^HaUica'\ chahjbea. 
 
 1584. Riley, C. V. The Hellgranimite. <Sci. Amer., 23 June, 1873 
 
 [v. 50], n. s., V. 36, pp. 392-393, 3 figs. 
 Structure and habits of Corydalus cornutus, description and figures of egg- 
 uiasscs, eggs, larvie, pupa, and images; adaptations of sexual structure to 
 conditions; figure and description of eggs of liclostoma (jrande \^=ameri- 
 canum'\. 
 
 1585. Riley, C. V. The 'hopper in Iowa. Report by Professor Riley, 
 
 Chief of the U. S. Entomological Commission. <Chicago 
 Daily Tribune, 4 July, 1877, v. 32, p. 3. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 112- 
 114. Extract: <N. Y. Tribune, 4 July,' 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 
 128. 
 
 Report to the governor of Iowa as to the observed and anticipated ravages of 
 CaloptenuH spretus in southwestern Iowa in 1877 ; the yonng locusts mostly 
 destroyed by the weather; their natural enemies and the efforts of man ; 
 localities infested; recommends diversification of crops; summary of means 
 against the young locusts; claims for the first recommendation of proper 
 ditching; description of apparatus for catching and killing locusts. 
 
 1586. Riley, C. V. Strawberry worm and remedy. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 18 July, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 231. 
 
 Description of egg, larva, and imago, habits of and means against Emphytua 
 [= Harpiphoru8'\ maculaius. 
 
 1587. Riley, C. V. Fighting the Hessian-fly. <N. Y. Tribune, 18 
 
 July, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 232-233. Reprint : <Colman's 
 Rural World, 5 December, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 268-269. 
 
 Habits, seasons, parasites, introduction, spread, and ravages of and means 
 against Ceeidomyia destructor ; description of eggs and larva. 
 
 1588. Riley, C. V. The grasshopper. Considered practically and sci- 
 
 entifically with a retrospective and prospective glance at his 
 history. <Daily Rocky Mountain News [Denver, Colo.], 1 
 August, 1877, v.\8, p. 4. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 81-84; 110-112. Re- 
 print: <Colorado Farmer, 2 August, 1877, v. 9, No. 31, p. 4. 
 <Chicago [111.] Daily Tribune, 7 August, 1877, v. 32, p. 7. S.-b. 
 No. 14, pp. 84-86. 
 
 Observations on the past and present conditions of Caloptenns spretus in 1877 
 in the regions invaded by it ; work of its enemies and parasites : complica- 
 tion of the locust problem in Colorado owing to the climate of the State; 
 prospects of future injury; means against the locusts in Colorado; work 
 of the U. S. Entomological Commission. 
 
 1589. Riley, C. V. In reference to wheat-worms. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 11 August, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 127; No. 20, p. 86. 
 
 Critical review of C. Thomas' "A wheat insect" (Prairie Farmer, *21 July, 
 1877), with correction of some obscnrities in regard to Meromyza americana 
 and Gortyna nitela. 
 
214 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1590. Riley, C. V. Locust flights. An appeal from Prof. C. V. Riley. 
 
 <Manitoba Daily Free Press, 8 September, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, 
 p. 91. 
 
 Reprint of questions of Circular No. 1 of U. S. Entomological Commission, 
 -with request for answers and other information from observers in Manitoba. 
 
 1591. Riley, C. Y. The locusts in Kansas. <Sci. Amer., 8 Septem- 
 
 ber, 1877 [v. 51], n. s., v. 37, p. 164. 
 No dangerof locust invasion in Kansas and adjacent States in the fall of 1877 ; 
 diseased conditions of late swarms ; seasons of drought and locust swarms 
 generally followed by rainy seasons and a scarcity of locusts. 
 
 1592. Riley, C. V. A satisfactory grasshopper-machine. <Sci. Amer., 
 
 8 September, 1877 [v. 51], n. s., v. 37, p. 169. 
 
 Description and figure of a machine for the killing of locusts. 
 
 1593. [Riley, C. V.] Mistaken identity. <K Y. Tribune, 12 Septem- 
 
 ber, 1877. S.-b. Xo. 14, p. 333. 
 Answer to letter of Subscriber ; Lema triUneata mistaken for Doryphora 10- 
 Uneata ; first occurrence of the latter in Vermont in 1876. 
 
 1594. Riley, C. Y. Injured orchard. <N. Y. Tribune, 12 September, 
 
 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 233. 
 Answer to letter of G. W. T. ; occurrence of numerous nests of Formicidce 
 about the roots of orchard trees ; probability that the ants are harmless ; 
 means against ants. 
 
 1595. [Riley, C. Y.] The stalk-borer. <N. Y. Tribune, 12 September, 
 
 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 233. 
 
 Answer to letter of Wise. ; food-plants of Gortyna nitela ; description of 
 larva. 
 
 1596. Riley, C. Y. Locust prospects in southwest Missouri this fall. 
 
 <Joum. and Farmer, 27 September, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 
 236-237. 
 
 Ravages of Caloptenus sjjretus in Missouri in 1876 and prospects of same in 
 1877 ; history of locust flights in 1877. 
 
 1597. Riley, C. Y. The Colorado potato-beetle in Europe. German 
 
 thoroughness. <Sci. Amer., 29 September, 1877 [v. 51], n. s., 
 V. 37, p. 198. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 123-124. 
 
 Occurrence of Doryphora 10-lineata at Bremen and at Miilheim, in Germany; 
 thorough measures taken to eradicate the pests ; economic value of the 
 measures. 
 
 1598. [Riley, C. Y.] The cussed red-leg. <Chicago [111.] Times, 29 
 
 September, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 119-123. Reprint: <Mo. 
 Rept. Kansas State Board of Agric, 1877, pp. 32-41. S.-b. No. 
 14, pp. 146-161. Abstract: <Amer. Nat., November, 1877, v. 
 
 » 11, pp. 663-673. <Ca. Nat. and Quart. Jour. Sci., December, 
 1877, V. 8, pp. 363-374. 
 
 Distinction between the terms locust and grasshopper ; nature of varieties 
 and species; distribution of Caloptenus spretus ; laws governing its migra- 
 tions and distribution ; exemplification of these laws by records of flights 
 during 1877 ; means against locusts; distinctions between Caloptenus spretus 
 and C. femur-ruhrum ; habits and transformations of Astoma gryllaria (=the 
 young of Tromlid'mm sericeum I— locustarum']) ; habits of the latter. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 215 
 
 1599. RiLEY, C, V. [AYhite-grub fundus.] <X. Y. Weekly Tribune, 4 
 October, 1877. Notice : <Amer. Eut., June, 1880, [v. 3j, n. s., v. 
 1, p. 140. 
 
 IGOO. Riley, C. V. On the larval characters and habits of the blister- 
 beetles belouginy: to the genera MacrohaHU Lee. and Epicauta 
 Fabr. ; with remarks on other species of the family Meloidw. 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 5-lG November, 1877, v. 3, pp. 
 544-562, figs. 35-30 ; tigs. 1-12 of pi. 5 with 1 p. expl. of pi. 
 Separate : <[St. Louis, Mo., 1877], pp. 1-19, tigs. 35-39; figs. 1- 
 12 of pi. 5 with 1 p. expl. of pi. Abstract: <Sci. Amer., 1877 
 [v. 51], n. s., V. 37 ; 1 December, p. 346 ; 15 December, p. 373; 
 404 il. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 272-275. <Ent. Mo. Mag., January, 
 1878, V. 14, pp. 169-175. Reprint, with changes and omissions: 
 <Amer. Nat., 1878, v. 12 ; April [19 March], pp. 213-219, figs. 
 1-2; May [22 April], pp. 282-290, figs. 3-5, pi. 1 with 1 p. 
 expl. of pi. Separate: <Boston: 1878, pp. 213-219; 282-290; 
 pi. 1 with 1 p. expl. of pi. 
 Views of earlier authors as to the hahits of meloid larvae ; nature of the newly 
 hatched larva (triungulin); natural history of Meloe and tSitaris, with 
 reference to the literature, descriptions of the triuugulins, especially of 
 M. harbartis ? ; figures of the several stages ; nature of hypermetauiprpho- 
 sis ; food-habits and breeding habits of Macrohasis and Epicauta, especially 
 of E. vittata ; summary of what is known of the larval habits of other gen- 
 era of Meloidw, descriptions and figures of all the earlier stages of E. 
 vittata ; descriptions of eggs and triungulins of E. cinerea, E. pennaylvanica, 
 and Henous coiifertus. 
 
 1601. RiLEY', C. Y. On a remarkable new'genus in Meloidw infesting 
 
 mason-bee cells in the United States. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 Louis, 16 November, 1877, v. 3, pp. 563-565, fig. 40; tig. 13 of 
 pi. 5, with 1 p. expl. of pi. Separate : <[St. Louis, Mo., 1877], 
 pp. 20-22, fig. 40; fig. 13 of pi. 5, with 1 p expl. of pi. Ab- 
 stract : <Amer. Nat., April [19 March], 1878, v. 12, pp. 218- 
 219. 
 Description of imagos, ultimate stage of second larva, and coarctato larva Of 
 Hornia minutipennis, n. g. et n. sp., parasitic in cells of Anthophora sponaa 
 [= abrupta^ ; hgures <? imago and coarctate larva of the same ; illustrates 
 the stages of degradation in tarsal claws of several genera oi Meloidw, 
 synoptic table of the North American genera of Meloini. 
 
 1602. Riley, C. V. Additional notes on Mtgathymus yiiccce. <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 16 November, 1877, v. 3, pp. 566-568. 
 Separate : <[St. Louis, Mo., 1877], pp. 23-25. 
 Supplementary to No. 1465 ; habits, seasons, and number of molts of the 
 larva; description of larva in second and third stage and of variations in 
 the imago; description oi coloradetiais u. var. ; ^giale cofaqui a variety of 
 Megathymus yucca; Erynnis alcew bores in stems of Malta ayhentria in Eu- 
 rope ; Elaphidion tectum and Scyphophorus yuccce in stems of Tucca. 
 
 1603. Riley, C. V. Further remarks on Promiba yiiccasella and on the 
 
 pollination of Yucca. <Traus. Acad. Sci. St. Loiiis, 16 No- 
 
216 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1603. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 vember, 1877, v. 3, pp. 568-573. Separate : <fSt. Louis, Mo., 
 1877], pp. 25-30. Translation : <Stett. Eut. Zeit., 1878, Jabrg. 
 39, pp. 377-382. 
 Critical review of remarks on Pronuba by Chambers, Zeller, and Boll ; Hijpo- 
 iiomeuta quinquepuncteUa mistaken for Pronuha yuccaaella ; variations in the 
 former ; uniformity in the latter ; behavior of Pronuba in flowers of Yucca ; 
 question of the method of fertilization of Yucca. 
 
 1604. Riley, C. V. On the differences between Anisopteryx pometariaj 
 
 Harr. and Anisopteryx (escularia W.-V., with remarks on the 
 genus Paleacrita. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 16 JSTovember- 
 20 December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 573-577. Separate : <[St. Louis, 
 Mo., 1877], pp. 30-34. 
 Characters of Anisopteryx cescnlaria show that it is congeneric with A. pome- 
 taria ; criticisih of Packard's Monograph of Geometridw ; structural char- 
 acters separating Anisopteryx and Paleacrita. 
 
 1605. Riley, C. V. Wheat rust and Hessian fly. <N. T. Tribune, 
 
 19 December, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 235. 
 Means against Puccinia graminis; P. graminis and ^cidium berberidis are 
 alternate generations of one species. 
 
 1606. Riley, C. V. A new oak-gall on acorn cups. <Trans. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, 20 December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 577-578. 
 
 Description of gall of Cynips quercus-glandulus n. sp. [p. 578] on cupules of 
 all species of prinus group of Qu^-cus; remarks on the allied structure of 
 the galls of C. fecundatrix in Europe, and of C. quercus-frondosa ; occurrence 
 of galls of C. \_^= AmpMJ}olips'\ quercus-prunus on cupules of acorns. 
 
 1607. [Riley, C. V.] [Maggots in sauce.] <K Y. Tribune, 26 Decem- 
 
 ber, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 234. 
 Larvae of Drosophila sp. in canned sauce ; D. nigricornia common in similar 
 substances. 
 
 1608. [Riley, C. V.] [Round-headed apple-tree borer.] <N. Y. Tri- 
 
 bune, 26 December, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 234. 
 
 Ravages of and means against Saperda bivittata [= candida'\. 
 
 1609. Riley, 0. V. Entomological notes. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 217-218 Proc. See: <Amer. 
 Nat., October, 1876, v. 10, p. 635. 
 Generic resemblance of Carpocapsa saltitans to C. pomonella; correction of 
 vernacular nameof Cicada [= Tibicen'] septendecim ; occurrence of the same in 
 Virginia in I87G; yearly development of C. [=T.] tredecim; Sericaria mori 
 reared for five years on Madura aurantiaca vfith increased vigor and health- 
 fulness; Salix nigra stripped by larv<e of Vanessa antiopa; habits of the 
 same. 
 
 1610. Riley, C. V. Entomological notes. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, p. 219 Proc. See: <Colman's 
 Rural World, 1876. S.-b. No. 10, p. 165. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 1876. S.-b. No. .9, p. 215. <Amer. Nat., October, 1876, v. 10, 
 p. 635. 
 Occurrence and ravages of Leucania albilinea in Kansas ; ectoparasitism of 
 Uropoda americana on Doryphora decemlineaia ; list of vertebrate enemies of 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 217 
 
 1610. EiLEY, O. v.— Contiimea. 
 
 D. decemlineata; occurrence of D. decern J in rat a in New Hampshire ; its rav- 
 ages along the Athvntic coast; see No. 1505. 
 
 1611. Riley, C. V. Centennial insects. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 
 
 December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 220-221 Troc. 
 
 List and characterization of insects observed injuring exhibits in the Cen- 
 tennial Exposition. 
 
 1612. Riley, C. V. Parasites on eggs of Caloptenus spretus. <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis. December, 1877, v. 3, p. 220 Proc. 
 
 A large proportion of locust eggs throughout the country are being destroyed 
 by pa.asites, prodaceous insects, and other causes; precautions against 
 threatened injury ; discovery of four new enemies of locust eggs. 
 
 1613. Riley, C. Y. Locust flights east of the Mississippi. <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 220-228 Proc. 
 Locust swarms in Ohio, Illinois, Georgia, and South Carolinia not composed 
 of Caloptenus spretus; causes which limit the eastward flight of C. spretus. 
 
 1614. Riley, C. V. Geographical range of species. <Traus. Acad. Sci. 
 
 St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 230-233 Proc. 
 Range of species in our time aflfected only by the interposition of human in- 
 fluence; the limits of this range definitely established by classified knowl- 
 edge, and impassable, except by man's assistance; Caloptenus spretus can 
 not change its habits; the diflerence in the susceptibility of ditferent 
 species to change inexplicable. 
 
 1015. RiLEY'', C. Y. [Anticipatedlocust injury next summer.] <Trans. 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, p. 236 Proc. 
 Abundance and advanced state of development of eggs of Caloptenus spretua 
 in the Stales invaded in 1876; probable abundance and ravages in 1677. 
 
 1616. RiLEY, C. Y. [Japanese mode of packing silk-worm eggs.] 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, p. 236 
 Proc. 
 
 Mode in which the eggs of Sericaria mori are packed in Japan for transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 1617. RiLEY% C. Y. Locust experience. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 
 
 December, 1877, v. 3, p. 267 Proc. See: <Colmau's Rural 
 World, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 205. 
 Northern limit of the permanent breeding-grounds of Caloptenus spretus; con- 
 firmation of views regarding laws governing locust iuvasions; discovery 
 of a new law. 
 
 1618. RiLEY, C. Y. Mite transformations. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 267-268 Proc. See: <Col- 
 man's Rural World, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 265. 
 
 Habits and transformations of Trombidium sericcum [= T. locustarum] ; Astoma 
 f/ryllaria an immature form of the same. 
 
 1619. RiLEY, C. Y. [Mi/f/fdehentzii and Pepsisformosa.] <Trans. Acad. 
 
 Sci. St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, p. 209 Proc. 
 
 The bite of Mi/gale hentzii not so deadly as is generally supposed; habita of 
 Pepsis formosa in preying on the spider. 
 
218 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1620. EiLEY, C. V. [Ravages of Termes flavipes.] <Trans. Acad. Sci. 
 
 St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, p. 269 Proc. 
 Note to comiuunication of E. D. Graut on some ravages of Termes flavipes. 
 
 1621. Riley, C.V. Ou theovipositionof /S'aj?er<ia6iyiitotoSay. <Trans. 
 
 Acad. Sci. St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 269-270 Proc. 
 See : <Colman's Rural World, 28 November, 1877. S.-b. No. 20, 
 p. 6. 
 
 Description of egg and manner of oviposition of Saperda hiviltata [ = Candida]. 
 
 1622. Riley, C. V. On migratory butterflies. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. 
 
 Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, pp. 273-274 Proc. See : <Valley 
 Naturalist, January, 1878, v. 1, p. 2. 
 Phenomena and, causes of the migrations of butterflies, especially of Danaie 
 archippus. 
 
 1623. Riley, C. V. [Phylloxera and grape-rot.] < Trans. Acad. Sci. 
 
 St. Louis, December, 1877, v. 3, p. 275 Proc. See : <Colmau's 
 Rural World, 28 November, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, p. 268. 
 Disagreement with views of A. J. Cook as to there being any connection be- 
 tween the work of Phylloxera vastatrix and the ordinary grape-rot. 
 
 1624. Riley, C. V. The periodical Cicada. <Western Farmer's Al- 
 
 manac for 1878, 1877, p. 48. S.-b. No. 14, p. 138. Reprint: 
 <Colman's Rural World, 28 November, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 
 265-266. 
 Regular periodicity of the appearance of Cicada [_=Tibicen'] septendenm and 
 C. [=T.] tredecim; popular description and natural history of the same; 
 chronology of twenty-two different broods, geographically classified. 
 
 1625. Riley, C. V. The locust plague in the United States : being 
 
 more particularly a treatise on the Rocky Mountain locust, or 
 so-called grasshopper, as it occurs east of the Rocky Mount- 
 ains, with practical recommendations for its destruction. <Chi- 
 cago : Rand, McNally & Co., 1877, 236 pp., 3 pi., 42 figs. Ex- 
 tract: <Manitoba Standard, 1877. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 97-98. No- 
 tice : <Cultivator and Country Gentl., 30 August, 1877, v. 42, 
 p. 557. <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, October, 1877, v. 19, p. 
 317. <Ent. Mo. Mag., October, 1877, v. 14, p. 118. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface 7 
 
 Introduction 9 
 
 Chapter I : 
 
 Characters of the species 13 
 
 Classificatory position of the Rocky Mountain locust, 13 — How it 
 differs from other species, 14 — Easily confounded with the com- 
 mon red-legged locust, 14— Detailed descriptions of both, 15— 
 Its still closer resemblance to the Atlantic migratory locust, 22 — 
 Characters of this last, 22— Species vs. variety and race, 23 — Com- 
 parisons of these three closely-allied species in their early stages, 
 26 — A green variety of the Rocky Mountain locust not infrequent, 
 27 — Purely an American insect, 28. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 219 
 
 1625. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 Chapter II : 
 Chronological history 29 
 
 The locust plague iu the "Old World," 2'J— Extent of its injuries, 
 30— Migratory species iu Europe, Asia, and Africa, 30 — The rav- 
 ages of the locust iu America, 31 — Its earliest visitutious, 31 — In- 
 juries ou the Pacitic coast, 3".i — lujuries east of the Rocky Mount- 
 ains, 33— Invasions of 1818-'19, 33— Of 184r)-'41), 34— Of 185.=., 34— 
 Of 1856, 35— Of 1857-'67, 35, 36— Of 1866, 36— Damage the follow- 
 ing year, 37— The invasion of 1873, 38— That of 1874, 39— Why so 
 disastrous. 41— General outlook in the spring of 1875, 42 — Severity 
 of the injuries from the young insects that year, 43 — Destitution 
 that prevailed, 44 —Amount of loss sustained, 45 — Destination of 
 departing swarms of 1875, 47 — The invasion of 1876, 49 — Eastern 
 limit reached, 53 — Omaha conference, 53. 
 Chapter III : 
 Native home and geographical range of the species east of the 
 
 mountains 55 
 
 Source of the devastating swarms that reach into the Mississippi 
 Valley, 55 — Theit origin in the extreme Northwest country lying 
 east of the mountains, 56 — Cause of their emigration, 57 — DifiFer- 
 ence hetween summer and fall swarms, 58 — The species not at home 
 in the Mississippi Valley, 62 — Not permanent or able to perpetu- 
 ate itself there, 62 — Conditions which prevent such permanence, 
 63 — Not likely to do serious harm east of the ninety-fourth me- 
 ridian, 65 — Reasons why, 65. 
 Chapter IV : 
 
 Natural history and transformations 69 
 
 How the eggs are laid, 69 — Philosophy of the egg-mass, 71 — The 
 female capable of laying more than one egg -mass, 72 — The escape 
 of the young locust from the egg, 73 — Its emergence from the 
 ground, 78 — Growth and transformations, 78 — Acquisition of 
 wings, 80 — Number of molts, 82 — Flight at night, 83. 
 
 Chapter V : 
 
 Habits and power for injury 85 
 
 Flight and ravages, 85 — Migratory instinct and great destructive 
 power confined to a single species west of the Mississippi, 88 — 
 Food-plants, 89 — Injury to fruit trees, 93 — Time of appearance of 
 invadin - swarms, 94 — Rate at which they spread, 95— Direction 
 of their flight, 96 — Where the eggs are preferably laid, 96— Time 
 of hatching, 97 — Habits of the young or unfledged locusts, 98 — 
 Directions in which the young travel, 100 — Rate at which they 
 travel, 100— Limit of their eastward spread, 100— Not led by kings 
 or queens, 101 — Direction taken by the departing swarms, 103 — 
 Their destination, 104. 
 
 Chapter VI : 
 
 Elfects of the young insects in the country where they hatch, but 
 
 where they are not indigenous 107 
 
 Experience with the young locusts iu spring, 107— Contrast in 
 summer and fall, 108 — No evil without some compensating good, 
 108— Changes that follow the locusts, 109— The prevalence of 
 large green worms, 110 — The sudden appearance of a peculiar 
 grass, 110. 
 
220 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1625. Riley, C.V. — Continued. 
 
 Chapter VII : 
 Natural enemies of the Rocky Mountain locust 113 
 
 Birds and other vertebrate auimals, 113 — The good offices of birds. 
 113 — Invertebrate animals, 114 — Animals that attack the eggs, 
 115— The silky mite, 115 — The Anthomyia egg-parasite, 118 — The 
 common flesh-fly, 123 — Undetermined larv;*, 123 — Ichneumon- 
 flies, ground-beetles, click-beetles, and myriapods, 126— Insects 
 that destroy the active locust, 126 — The locust-mite, 128 — The 
 anonymous Tachina-fly, 131 — Yellow-tailed Tachina-fly, 134 — 
 
 . Flesh-fly, 135. 
 Chapter VII-I : 
 Practical considerations 139 
 
 How best to prevent locust injuries, 139 — Encouragement of nat- 
 ural enemies, 139 — Destruction of the eggf, 139 — Experiments 
 with the eggs and conclusions drawn therefrom, 140 — Eifects of 
 alternately freezing and thawing, 141 — Influence of moisture, 
 143 — Exposure to the free air, 148 — Burying at different depths, 
 and pressure of the soil, 149 — Table of temperatures, 152 — Har- 
 rowing in the fall, 153 — Collecting the eggs, 153 — Plowing, how 
 most effectual, 153 — Irrigation, tramping, 154 — Destruction of 
 the young or unfledged locusts, 155 — Burning, 155 — Crushing, 
 157 — Trapping, 157 — Ditching and trenching, 161 — Catching, 
 161 — Different contrivances for this purpose, 162 — Use of de- 
 structive agents, 162 — Coal-oil pans, 163 — The use of coal-tar, 
 164 — The protection of plants by special applications, 165 — The 
 best means of protecting fruit and shade trees, 166 — Sulphur 
 fumes and smudges, 167— Destruction of the winged locusts, 
 167— Preventive measures, 169 — Suggestions that may prove of 
 service, 170 — Use of hogs and poultry, 171 — The Signal Service, 
 
 . 172 — Military aid, 173 — Diversified agriculture, 174 — Organized 
 effort, 176 — State legislation, 176 — Missouri locust law, 177 — Kan- 
 sas locust laws, 178, 179 — Minnesota locust law, 180 — Nebraska 
 locust law, 184 — How to avert locust invasions, 186. 
 Chapter IX : 
 
 Ravages of locusts east of the Mississippi 187 
 
 Migratory locusts in the eastern States, 187 — The Atlantic locust, 
 187 — Injury from other non-migratory species, 190 — Often a 
 serious matter during hot, dry seasons, 193 — Locust flights in 
 Illinois in 1875, 195 — The species of which the swarms were com- 
 posed, 197 — Locust flights east of the Mississippi not composed 
 of the Rocky Mountain species, 201 — Necessity of discriminating 
 between species, 201. 
 Chapter X : 
 
 General considerations 207 
 
 Nomenclature, 207 — Locust vs. grasshopper, 207 — Prairie fires vs. 
 locust ravages, 209 — Fasting and prayer, 213 — Not a divine visi- 
 tation, 216 — Influence of the wind in determining the course of 
 locust flights, 216 — Locusts as food for man, 217. — Unnecessary 
 alarm caused by comparatively harmless species, 227. 
 
 1626. Riley, 0. V. On an extensile penetrating organ in a gamasid 
 
 mite. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1876, 1877, v. 25, 
 pp. 273-275, 1 fig. See: <Ca. Ent., September [October], 
 1876, V. 8, p. 180. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 221 
 
 1626. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Habits and description of Vropoda vegetans and U. americnna u. sp. ; nature 
 of the adhesive tilanieut of tlieso mites; structure of tlie supposed max- 
 illary penetrating; orj^an in I'ropoda. 
 
 1627. Riley, O. V. On the curious egg-mass of Gorydaluft cornutus, 
 
 Linn., and on the eggs that have hitherto been referred to that 
 species. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1S70, 1877, v. 25, 
 pp. 275-279, 1 fig. Reprint: <9th Ann. Rept. State Ent. Mo., 
 March, 1877, pp. 125-129, figs. 30-33. See : <Ca. Ent., Octo- 
 ber [November], 187G, v. 8, pp. 181-182. 
 See No. 1570 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1628. Riley, C. V. Phylloxera and grape-rot. <N. Y. Tribune, Jan- 
 
 uary, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 193; 224. Reprint: <Colmau's 
 Rural World, 1878. S.-b. No. 14, pp. 2GC-2C7. Extract: 
 <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, July, 1879, v. 21, pp. 213-214. 
 S.-b. No. 23, pp. 118; 143-145. <Ann. Rept. [U. S.]. Commis- 
 sioner Agric. for 1878, 22 November, 1879, pp. 2.)7-238. See: 
 <Gardener's Chronicle, 9 August, 1879. S.b. No. 20, p. 15. 
 See No. 1721 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1629. Riley, C. V. Address by Prof. C. Y. Riley, retiring, before the 
 
 St. Louis Academy of Science. <St. Louis Republican, 8 Jan- 
 uary, 1878. S.-b. No. 14, p. 2G9. Reprint : <Traus. Acad. Sci. 
 St. Louis, 1880, V. 4, pp. 1-6 Proc. 
 Review of progress made in science in 1876; successof the investigation into 
 the Rocky Mountain locust scourge. 
 
 1630. Riley, C. Y. New facts about the round-head apple-tree borer. 
 
 <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 20 February, 1878. S.b. No. 19, i)p. 
 193-194. Reprint: <Colman's Rural World, 20 March, 1878. 
 S.-b. No. 14, pp. 267-268. Reprint, with slight omission: 
 <Ihid., 12 March, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 101-102. See : <Mir- 
 ror and Farmer, April, 1878. S.-b. No. 20, p. 3. 
 Description of egg and manner of oviposition o( Saperda bivittaia {_= Can- 
 dida'] ; seasons of oviposition ; means against the same. 
 
 1631. [Riley, C. Y.] Buggy beans. <N. Y. Tribune, 20 February, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 14, p. 234. 
 Habits and distribution of and means against Bruchus faba ; edibility of the 
 same. 
 
 1632. Riley', C. Y. On the transformations of the red mites. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., March [23 February], 1878, v. 12, i)p. 139-146, tigs. 1-6. 
 Habits, description, and figures of Trombidiuni locioitarum [p. 142], T. gigan- 
 teum, [p. 14;i], T. muncarum [p. 144], and Eydrachna belostonw [p. 14G], n. 
 sp. ; figures and description of most of the stages of the same ; definition of 
 Trombidium. [Advance extract from No. Ifi4;i. ] 
 
 1633. Riley, C. Y.] Clothes moths. <Sci. Amer., 23 March, 1878 [v. 
 
 52], n. s., V. 38, p. 177. S.-b. No. 19, p. 23S. Reprint : < Kansas 
 Farmer, 17 Aprd, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, j). 225. <Colman's Rural 
 World, 3 Ai)ril, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 198-19J. 
 
222 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1633. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Indiscriminate use of names and habits of several species of Tinea injurious 
 to woolen goods, fur, hair, and similar substances; means against the 
 moths. 
 
 1634. Riley, C. V. Pieris vernalis and P. protodice. <Ca. Ent., Feb- 
 
 ruary [March], 1878, v. 10. p. 39. 
 Conformation of T. E. Bean's conclusion that P. vernalis is the spring form 
 of P. protodice. 
 
 1635. Riley, C. V. Migratory butterflies. <Sci. Amer., 6 April, 1878 
 
 [v. 52], n. s., V. 38, p. 215, fig. S.-b. Ko. 19, p. 250. Extract: 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 102, fig. 34. 
 Occurrence of migratory swarms of Danais archippus in central southern 
 United States in the autumn of 1877, and of return migrations in spring; 
 explanation of these migrations; mentions other migTutovj Ehopalocera ; 
 distribution o{ Danais archippus and Cynthia [z=Pyrameis'] cardui; figure of 
 Danais archippus. 
 
 1636. RiLEY, C. V. The horn-bug. <Sci. Amer., 20 April, 1878 [v. 52], 
 
 n. s., V. 38, p. 249, 1 fig. S.-b. i^o. 19, p. 241. 
 
 Natural history, description of egg, larva and pupa, and figures of larva, 
 pupa, and imago of Passalus cornutus. 
 
 1637. Riley, C. V. Egg-feeding mites. <Ca. Ent., March [April], 
 
 1878, T. 10, pp. 58-59. 
 Citation of records of Acari feeding on eggs. 
 
 1638. [Riley, C. V.] Bad work of the grain Aphis <N. T. Tribune, 
 
 26 June, 1878. S.-b. ^^o. 19, p. 224. 
 Habits and ravages of and means against Aphis avenw [^ Nectarophora gra- 
 7iaria']. 
 
 1639. [Rlley, C. v.] Of Doryphora. <N. Y. Tribune, 26 June, 1878. 
 
 S.-b. No. 19, p. 243. 
 
 Natural history, enemies, and spread of Doryphora decemlineata ; description 
 of larva and imago ; methods of using Paris green. 
 
 1640. Riley, C. V. The apple-tree borer. <N. Y. Tribune, 24 July, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 195. 
 
 Means against Chrysohothris femorata. 
 
 1641. [Riley, C. V.] The raspberry saw-fly. <N. Y. Tribune, 24 July, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 197 ; 226. 
 Habits of and means against Selandria [== Monophadnus^ ruhi. 
 
 1642. [Rlley, C. v.] Inquiring friends. <N. Y. Tribune, 24 July, 1878. 
 
 S.-b. No. 19, p. 198. 
 
 Means against JEgeria tipiiliformis. 
 
 1643. [Rlley, C. Y., et al] First annual report of the United States 
 
 Entomological Commission for the year 1877, relating to the 
 Rocky Mountain locust and the best methods of preventing its 
 injuries and of guarding against its invasions, in pursuance of 
 an appropriation made by Congress for this purpose. With 
 map and illustrations. < Washington, 29 July, 1878, pp. 16+ 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 223 
 
 1643. Riley, C. V.— Coiitinueil. 
 
 477+ 295, 111 tigs., 5 pis., 2 maps. See : <Sci. Amer., 5 July, 
 1879 [v. 55], n. s., v. 41, p. 8. S. b. No. 23, p. 121. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Letter of transmittal xi 
 
 Letter of submittal xiii 
 
 Preface xv 
 
 Introduction: By C. "V. Riley. 
 iDtroductory remarks 1 
 
 Creation and organization of the Commission, 1 — Division of labor, 
 I — Circulars sent out, 2-6 — Area over which eggs were laid in 
 1876, 6— Outlook in spring in more southern States, 7 — Letter to 
 Governor Anthony, of Kansas, on the condition of things in May, 
 H-10 — State of things in Minnesota in spring, 11 — Outlook in Ne- 
 braska in June, 13— Second meeting of the Commission. 14 — 
 Outlook in Iowa in June, 15 — Visit to Colorado, Utah, and Mon- 
 tana in June, 17 — Visit to Colorado in July, 17-20— Third meet- 
 ing of the Commission, 21 — Trip to the Pacific coast, 21 — Trip to 
 British America, 22 — List of chapters, 23 — Character and synop- 
 sis of chapters, 24-29 — Prospects for 1877, 29. 
 Chapter I : By C. Thomas. 
 
 Cla&sification and nomenclature; characters of the species 13 
 
 Families of the Orthoptera, 32 — Locust vs. grasshopper, 33 — Ge- 
 neric nomenclature, 37 — Generic diagnosis, 40 — Species of the 
 genus CaJoptetius, 42— Full definition of Caloptenus spretua and 
 of its nearest congeners, 43-52. 
 
 Chapter II : By C. Thomas. 
 
 Chronological history of locust injuries 53 
 
 Compared with locust ravages in the Eastern Hemisphere, 53 — In- 
 jury in the Northwest early in the present ceutury, 54 — Brief 
 reviews from 1820 to 1S77, 54-56 — Locust history in Texas, 57-62 ; 
 in Indian Territory, 63 ; in Arkansas, 64 ; in Missouri, 64-68 ; in 
 Kansas, 68-74; in Nebraska, 74-77; in Iowa, 77-80; in Minne- 
 sota, 80-87; iu Dakota, 88-92; in Montana, 92-96; in Idaho, 96; 
 in Wyoming, 97 ; iu Colorado, 99-102 ; in Utah, 102-104 ; iu New 
 Mexico and Arizona, 105; in Nevada, 105; in Oregon and Wash- 
 ington Territory, 106; in British North America, 108-112 — Tabu- 
 lar view of locust years, 113. 
 Chapter III : By C. Thomas. 
 
 Statistics of losses 114 
 
 DifiBculty of obtaining reliable data, 114 — Estimates in Kansas, 
 115; in Minnesota, 116; iu Missouri, 117 — Loss in Kansas, Ne- 
 braska, Iowa, and Missouri in 1874, 118 — Loss to difl'erent crops, 
 120— Loss to Missouri in 1875, 121— Total loss during the years 
 1874-77, §200,000,000, 122. 
 Chapter IV : By C. Thomas. 
 
 Agricultural bearing of the locust problem 123 
 
 Drawback to the settling of the West, 124— What is likely to be 
 the effect in tlie future, 125 — Modification and settlement of the 
 Western plains, 129- Crops which suffer most, and those which 
 suffer least, 130— Small grains not aflected by invading swarms, 
 128 — Need of judgment iu planting, 129. 
 
224 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1643. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter V: By A. S. Pachard, jr. 
 
 Permanent breeding-grounds of the Rocky Mountain locust 131 
 
 Permanent breeding-grounds, 131 — Definition of the permanent re- 
 gion, 133 — Its character and extent, 134 — The Rocky Mountain 
 locust a sub-boreal insect, 135 — The sub-permanent region, 136 — 
 The temporary region, 136. 
 
 Chapter VI: By C. Thomas and A. S. Pachard, jr. 
 
 Geographical distribution 136 
 
 Eastern limits of spread, 137 — Northern limits, 139 — Western lim- 
 its, 140 — Southern limits, 141 — Sub-permanent region, 142. 
 
 Chapter VII: By A. S. Pachard, jr., and C. Thomas. 
 
 Migrations 143 
 
 Classification of flights, 143 — Invading swarms, 143 — Returning 
 swarms, 143 — Local flights, 143 — Height at which swarms move, 
 144 — Effect of change of wind and weather on flights, 145 — 
 Flight at night, 147 — Migrations previous to 1877 east of the 
 Rocky Mountain Plateau, 148 — Direction of invading swarms 
 prior to 1877, 149 — Direction of flight in 1876, 151 — Migrations 
 within the permanent region, 153-158 ; in Montana, 153 ; in 
 Wyoming, 156; in Colorado, 157; in Eastern Idaho and Utah, 
 158 ; in the lower Snake Valley, 158 — Return migrations from the 
 temporary region previous to 1877,'159-162 — Return migrations 
 in 1877, 162-165— Local flights in 1877, 165— Record of flights for 
 July 3 and July 20, 1877, 165-169— Summary of flights by States, 
 170-174 — Southward flights in 1877, 175 — Movements in difi'erent 
 directions at one time, 176— Destination of return swarms, 177. 
 
 Chapter VIII: By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Habits and natural history 212 
 
 Destructive powers of locusts, 212-215 — Stoppage of railroad trains, 
 215 — Rate at which locust swarms move, 215 — Velocity of flight, 
 216 — Direction of invading swarms, 217 — Time of appearance of 
 invading swarms, 217 — Flight at night, 218 — Height of flight, 
 219 — General habits at night, '219 — Where the eggs are laid, 222 — 
 Manner in which the eggs are laid, 223 — Philosophy of the egg- 
 mass, 225 — The female lays more than one egg-mass, 226 — Inter- 
 val between different egg-layings, 227 — Number of eggs laid, 
 228 — The hatching process, 228-231 — Where and under what con- 
 ditions of soil the young hatch most freely, 231 — Time of hatch- 
 ing, 231 — Habits of the young or unfledged locusts in the tem- 
 porary region, 232 — Directions in which the young travel, 234 — 
 Rate at which the young travel, 235— They reach but a few miles 
 east of where they hatch, 235 — Not led by kings and queens, 236— 
 Time of year when wings are acquired, 237— Direction taken by 
 swarms departing from the temporary region, 238 — Destination 
 of departing swarms, 238— Do the return swarms breed? 239— Do 
 return swarms from the temporary region retrace their course? 
 240 — The species essentially single-brooded, 240-243 — Reasons 
 why it cannot produce two generations annually, 243— The spe- 
 cies can not permanently dwell in the temporary region, 244 — 
 The insects which hatch there do not remain, 246— Extensive and 
 thick egg-laying seldom occurs twice consecutively in the same 
 locality, 247— Reasons why it does not, 248— Causes of migration, 
 249 -Food-plants, 251— Crops and plants most liked and those 
 feast liked, 252-254 — Unnecessary alarm caused by compara- 
 tively harmless species, 255. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 225 
 
 1643. Riley, C. V Continued. 
 
 Chaptkr IX : By A. S. Pachard, jr. 
 Anatomy and embryology o^ 
 
 External anatomy, 237— Divisions of the body, 2r)8-s"exual' differ- 
 ences, 259— Internal anatomy, 261— The digestive system, 262- 
 264. -The nervous system, 264-Tbe heart, 266-The trachei and 
 dilated air-sacs, 267-Mode of breathing, 269-The locust an 
 aeronaut, 270— The male reproductive system, 270— The female 
 reproductive system, 271— Organs of special sense, 272— The line 
 anatomy of the locust, 273-Embryology of the Rocky Mountain 
 locust, 277— Different egg-layers, 278— How the embryo lies 
 within the egg. 278— How it bursts the egg, 279. 
 Chapter X : By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Metamorphoses n-n 
 
 The six stages of growth , 279— Variability in the tlept'h of coloring, 
 281— The process of molting, 281— Time required for it, 283— Dif- 
 ferences in the immature stages between the Rocky Mountain, 
 the lesser, and the red-legged locusts, 283. 
 Chapter XI : By C. Y. Riley. 
 
 Invertebrate enemies no. 
 
 Value of the locust's minute enemies, 284— Animals that destroy 
 the eggs, 285— The Anthomyia egg-parasite, 285— The common 
 flesh-fly, 289-Ground-beetles and their larva?, 289— Earpalus 
 larvae, 289— The egg-feeding Amara, 291— Blister-beetle larv», 
 292— Their character and locust egg-feeding habits, 293— History 
 of the oil-beetle, 294— History of Sitar is, 295— History of Eornia, 
 296— History of Epicauta, 207— Macrobasis and Eenous, 301 — 
 Other meloid genera, 302— Soldier-beetle larvie, 302— Asilid 
 larva?, 303— Click-beetle larva?, 304— Miscellaneous species, 305— 
 Chalcid-fly, 306— Animals that prey on the locust after it is bom, 
 306— The locust-mite, 306— The efficacy of its work, 308— Its 
 transformations, 309-Other mites, 312, 313— Ground-beetles, 
 313— Tiger-beetles, 314— Asilus-flies, 317— Digger-wasps, 317— 
 Tachina-flies, 319— Their efficacy in destroying locusts, 321— 
 Flesh-flies, 323— Ichneumon-fli.-s, 324— Hair-worms, 326— Their 
 curious life-history, 327-332— Insects attacked by hair-worms, 
 327— How hair-worms get into locusts, 332— Miscellaneous locust 
 enemies, 334. 
 Chapter XII: By C. Thomas. 
 
 Vertebrate enemies oo* 
 
 Good offices of birds probably underrated, 334— Experience of cor- 
 respondents, 336— Some of the most useful birds, 338— Paper by 
 Professor Augheyou the beneficial work of birds, 338— Enormous 
 number of birds destroyed for market, 346— Damage done to in- 
 sectivorous birds by birds of prey, 348— The EngUsh sparrow, 
 349 — What public sentiment needs, 349. 
 Chapter XIII : By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Remedies and devices for destruction 350 
 
 Encouragement of natural agencies, 351— Destruction of the eggs, 
 351— Harrowing in the autumn, 353— Experiments to test the 
 effect of alternately freezing and thawing, 353— Experiments to 
 test the effects of exposure to air, 354— Experience with harrow- 
 ing, 355— Plowing, 356— Experiments to test the effects of bury- 
 ing at different depths, 3.>6— Experience in plowing, 35-^— Irriga- 
 tion, 359— Experimenta to test the effects of moiatoro on the 
 13 EWT-™15 
 
226 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 lGi3. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter XIII— Coutmued. 
 
 eggs, o59 — Tramping, 361 — Collecting, 361 — Destruction of the 
 young or uuliedged locusts, 362 — Burning, 363 — TJte burning of 
 prairies, 363 — The Hetzel burning machine, 363 — The Horner 
 burning contrivance, 363 — Hand burners, 364 — The Atwood ma- 
 chine, 364 — Use of wire and kerosene, 364 — Crushing, 364 — The 
 , Drum locust-crusher, 365 — The Simpson locust-crusher, 366 — 
 
 The Hoos locust-crusher, 367 — The Hansberry locust-crusher, 
 368 — The Kenworthy locust machine, 370 — J. C. Melcher's ma- 
 chine, 371 — The Peteler machine, 371 — The King suction-machine, 
 374 — The Flory locust-machine, 376 — Trapping locusts, 377 — Nets 
 and seines, 377 — Ditching and trenching, 378— Protection by 
 barriers, 381— Coal-oil, 381— Coal-oil pans, 383— The Canfield 
 pau, 384 — The Adams pan, 385 — The Anderson coal-oil contri- 
 vance, 386 — Mr. Long's contrivance, 386 — Mr. Watrous's con- 
 trivance, 387 — Mr. Swearingen's contrivance, 387 — Use of coal- 
 tar, 387 — The Bobbins pan, 388, 390 — Use of coal-tar previous 
 to 1877, 388 — Other machines for the use of coal-tar, 391 — Catch- 
 ing aiul bagging, 391 — Principles and facts to be borne iu mind 
 in catching locusts, 391 — The Riley machine, 392 — Mr. Thomp- 
 son's net, 392— The Elliot catcher, 394— The Wilson-Rhode 
 catcher, 395 — Contrivance for catching the pupa3, 394 — The God- 
 ard catcher, 395 — The Benson catcher, 396 — The Hutchins catcher, 
 396— The Sylvester catcher, 397— The Hero 'hopper-catcher, 398— 
 The Belt device, 398 — Hand-nets, 399 — Use of destructive agents, 
 399 — Buhachor Persian insect-powder, 400 — Veith's insect-fluid, 
 400 — Sulpho-carbouate of potassium, 401 — Naphthaline, 401 — 
 Paris green, 401 — The protection of fruit trees, 403 — Destruction 
 of the winged insects, 404 — Fumigation, 405 — The effect of con- 
 cussion, 405 — Diversified agriculture, 406 — Legislation, 407 — 
 Bounty laws, 409 — Missouri locust act, 409 — Kansas locust acts, 
 410— Minnesota locust acts, 412 — Nebraska locust act, 413 — Sug- 
 gestions that may be of service, 414 — More attention needed to 
 the growth of root-crops, 415 — The benefits of irrigation, 415 — 
 Hogs and poultry, 415— Non-planting, 415 — Use of soldiers, 416 — 
 Preventive measures against the winged insects, 417 — Further 
 investigation needed, 417— Means that have been suggested 
 against the winged insects, 418— Systematic burning of young, 
 418— Co-operation with Dominion Government, 419— Protection 
 by smoke, 419— Farmers should receive the locust probabilities, 
 420. 
 Chapter XIV : By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Influence of prairie fires on locust increase 421 
 
 Reasons given why prairie fires do not influence locust increase, 
 421 — Possible indirect connection in the past, 422. 
 Chapter XV : By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Influence of weather on the species 423 
 
 Meteorological conditions affecting the life of the locust, 423— 
 Effects of weather on the young locusts, 424— Effects of weather 
 on the eggs, 424— Possibility of predicting consequences upon 
 meteorological grounds, 424— The temperature of the soil, 425— 
 Thermal constant for the hatching of locust eggs, 426— Number 
 of hours which eggs must be exposed to hatch at a temperature 
 of 60° F., 431— Number of hours required in 1875. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 227 
 
 1643. KiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 CUAPTEK XVI : By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Effects that generally follow severe locast injury 432 
 
 Contrast between summer and autumn, 432 — No evil without some 
 compensating good, 4133— Changes that follow the locusts, 433— 
 Sudden appearance of plants and insects not ordinarily noticed, 
 434 — The white-lined morning Sphinx, 435 — Tame grasses per- 
 manently injured, wild grasses not, 435— Permanent effects on 
 different plants, 436 — Injury to fruit trees, 43G. 
 Chapter XVII: By A. S. Pachard, jr. 
 
 Uses to which locusts may be put 437 
 
 Locusts as food for man, 438-441— As fish-bait, 441— Analysis of 
 locust-juices, 44"2— They furnish a large quantity of formic acid 
 and a new oil, 442-443 — Lpcusts as manure and as poultry food, 
 443. 
 Chapter XVIII: By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Ravages of other locusts in the United States 443 
 
 Ravages of locusts that are occasionally migratory in the Atlantic 
 States, 443 — Great destruction in past years in New England, 
 444 — The most common species concerned in this work, 446 — 
 Locust flights in Illinois, 446 — The species composing them, 447 — 
 The phenomenon exceptional, 447 — Locusts ordinarily non-migra- 
 tory, occasionally become so under favoring conditions, 448 — 
 Locust flights in Ohio, 449 — Importance of discriminating be- 
 tween species, 450 — Geographical limits of species, 450 — The mi- 
 gratory locusts of the Pacific, 451 — Chronological account of 
 their ravages, 451 — Species concerned, 4.52 — Late injuries in 
 southern California, 454 — Tabular view of locust years, 456 — In- 
 jury from other non-migratory locusts, 456 — The species con- 
 cerned, 459. 
 06APTER XIX: By A. S. Pachard, jr. 
 
 Ravages of locusts in other countries 460 
 
 Locust injuries in Central America, 460 — Great destruction in 
 Honduras and Guatemala, 462 — The locusts in South America, 
 465 — The locusts in the Old World, 467 — Injuries in Germany, 
 468 — Habits of the Eurojjean species, 469 — Injuries in Russia, 
 470 — Different species affecting the Old World, 471 — Geographical 
 distribution of the European migratory locust, 472-476 — Notes 
 on Algerian locusts, 476 — Injury in China, 477 — In southern Aus- 
 tralia, 477. 
 
 appendices. 
 Appexdix I: 
 Mr. Allen Whitman's report from Minnesota [3] 
 
 State of things in spring, [4] — Exertions of farmers, [4] — Different 
 rieans employed to destroy the eggs, [4] —Effects of temperature 
 and rain-fall on the eggs, [5] — Dates of hatching, [6] — Late 
 hatching, [7] — Progress during spring, [8] — First winged, [10] — 
 Statistics of damage, [11]. 
 Appendix II: 
 
 Aughey on locust-feeding birds [13] 
 
 Letter of transmittal, [13] — Examinations of the contents of the 
 stomachs of birds of Nebraska, giving the number of locusts, 
 number of other insects, and number of seeds of the different 
 birds considered in their proper claasificatory position, [14]-[62]. 
 
228 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1643. EiLEY, C, v.— Continued. 
 Appendix III: 
 
 Texas data for 1877 [63] 
 
 Report of Jacob Boll, special assistant, r62'| — Reports from corre- 
 spondents and other miscellaneous reports, chronologically ar- 
 ranged, [64H82]. 
 
 Appendix IV : 
 
 . Missouri data for 1877 [83] 
 
 Reports from correspondents, and other data, chronologically ar- 
 ranged, [83]. 
 
 Appendix V : 
 
 Kansas data for 1877 [85] 
 
 Report by George F. Gaumer, special assistant, [85] — Report by A. 
 N. Godfrey, special assistant, [88] — Reports from correspondents 
 and miscellaneous matter, chronologically arranged, [90]-[103]. 
 
 Appendix VI: 
 
 Iowa data for 1877 [104] 
 
 Detailed data from correspondents, and from other sources, chrono- 
 logically arranged, [104]-[110]. 
 
 Appendix VII: 
 
 Colorado data for 1877 [Ill] 
 
 Report from William Holly, special assistant, [111] — Data from 
 correspondents and from other sources, [113]-[116]. 
 Appendix VIII: 
 
 Nebraska data for 1877 [116] 
 
 Journal kept by Prof. Samuel Aughey, special assistant, [117]- 
 
 [128] — Miscellaneous data from correspondents, chronologically 
 
 arranged, [128]-[132] — Record kept by Hon. J. Sterling Morton, 
 
 [132]. 
 
 Appendix IX : • 
 
 Narrative of the first journey made in the summer of 1877, by Mr. 
 
 Packard [134] 
 
 Diary notes through Kansas, Colorado, and Utah, [135] — Observa- 
 tions in Montana, [137] — Results of the journey, [138]. 
 Appendix X : 
 Narrative of a second journey in the summer of 1877, by Mr. Packard. [139] 
 From Chicago to Utah, [139] — Observations in Oregon and "Wash- 
 ington Territory, [140] — From Vancouver Island to California, 
 [141] — Variations in Caloptenus spretus, atlanis, and femiir-rubrum, 
 [143]. 
 Appendix XI: 
 
 British- American data [145] 
 
 Characteristics and prevailing vrinds of Manitoba, [145] — Data 
 from the Cypress Hills region, [146] — The locust breeds perma- 
 nently in the third prairie steppe, [146] — No damage ever done 
 in the Peace River country, [146] — Ravages in the Northwest in 
 the early part of the century, [147] — Records by the Hon. Don- 
 ald Gunn, [148]. 
 Appendix XII: 
 
 Autumn flights in 1877 [150] 
 
 Southward movements in Minnesota and Iowa, [150] — In Nebraska 
 and Missouri, [151]— In Arkansas and Kansas, [1581— i-Iu Colo- 
 rado and Texas, [155]. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 229 
 
 1643. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 Appendix XIII : 
 
 Flights and migrations in 1877 [156] 
 
 Locust movemoiits in the more southern portion of the temporary 
 region, [156]-[l(i4] — Flights in the more northern parts of the 
 locust country, [164]-[197]. 
 Appendix XIV: 
 Answers to the question: Did any locusts remain in the temporary 
 
 region after the departure of the return swarms? !. [198] 
 
 Answers from Arkansas, Colorado, and Iowa, [19b] — Answers from 
 Kansas, [199] — Answers from Missouri, [200] — Answers from Min- 
 nesota, Nebraska, and Texas, [201]. 
 Appendix XV : 
 
 Prevailing direction in which the young insects travel [202] 
 
 Movements of young in Iowa and Nebraska, [202] — Movements in 
 Dakota, Minnesota, and elsewhere, [203]. 
 Appendix XVI : 
 
 Time of year when the bulk of the insects become winged [205] 
 
 Data from various States and Territories, [205]-[206]. 
 Appendix XVII: 
 
 Habits of the insects at night [207] 
 
 Nocturnal habits of locusts in Iowa, Dakota, and Nebraska, [207] — 
 In Minnesota and elsewhere, [208]-[210]. 
 Appendix XVIII: 
 
 Facts relating to the eggs [211] 
 
 Data as to time of hatching of eggs, proportion destroyed, causes of 
 destruction, etc., in Colorado and Dakota, [211] — In Iowa and 
 Kansas, [212] — In Minnesota, [213] — lu Missouri and Nebraska, 
 [216] -In Texas and Utah, [217]. 
 Appendix XIX: 
 
 Means of destruction [218] 
 
 Means employed in Dakota and Nebraska, [218] — In Iowa, [219] — 
 In Minnesota, [220]— Elsewhere, [221]. 
 Appendix XX : 
 
 Iijjury : crops atfected [222] 
 
 Injury in the different States and Territories, [222]-[225]. 
 Appendix XXI : 
 
 Previous visitations — Aid of animals - [226] 
 
 Data from Nebraska and Iowa, [226] — From Minnesota, [227] — 
 From Dakota, [229]. 
 Appendix XXII : 
 
 Miunesota data '. [230] 
 
 Early injury in Minnesota, [230]— Data for 1877, [231]-[235]. 
 
 Appendix XXIII : 
 Are the eggs ever laid thickly for two consecutive years in the same 
 
 ground? [236] 
 
 Answers to the above question from Arkansas, C<»lorado, and Iowa, 
 [236]— From Kansas, ("237]— From Missouri, [23d]— From Minne- 
 sota, Nebraska, and Texas, [239]. 
 Appendix XXIV : 
 
 Miscellaneous data [240] 
 
 From Minnesota and Nebraska, [240] — From Iowa, [241] — From 
 Dakota, [242]. 
 
230 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1643. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Appendix XXV : 
 
 Data from Dakota, Montana, Utah, and New Mexico [243] 
 
 From Dakota, [243]-[247]— From Montana, 248— From Utah, 
 [253]— From New Mexico^ [2.59]. 
 Appendix XXVI : 
 
 List of correspondents [261] 
 
 In Arkansas, British America, and California, [261] — In Colorado 
 and Dakota, [262] — In Idaho and Iowa, [263] — In Kansas, [264] — 
 In Minnesota, [265] — In Missouri, [267] — In Montana, [269] — 
 In Nebraska, Nevada, and New Mexico, [270] — In Texas, Utah, 
 and Washington Territory, [271] — In Wyoming, [272]. 
 Appendix XXVII : 
 
 Bibliography on the locusts of America. By B. P. Mann [273] 
 
 Index [281] 
 
 Errata , [295] 
 
 1644. BiLEY, C. V. Attractive but untrue. <N. Y. Tribune, 31 July, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 198. 
 Absurdity of statement that " a parasite of the strawberry plant has been 
 found to wage a war of extermination against the Phylloxera." 
 
 1645. EiLEY, C. Y. Locusts eat the castor bean. <N. Y. Tribune, 14 
 
 August, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 198, 227-228. 
 Acridida' relish Fagopyrum and Linum but eat Bicinus communis with reluct- 
 ance, though with impunity. 
 
 1646. [KiLEY, C. v.] The stalk-borer. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 21 
 
 August, 1878, V. 37. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 227; 242-243; 244. 
 Description, food-plants, and habits of larva and description of imago of 
 Gortyna nitela; G. nebris a variety of G. nitela. 
 
 1647. Riley, C. V. That hundred and fifty million dollars. <Sci. 
 
 Ainer., 24 August, 1878 [v. 53], n. s., v. 39, p. 117. S.-b. No. 
 19, p. 245. 
 
 Critical review of sensational reports in current agricultural papers ; an ap- 
 propriation of $5,000 made to the IT. S. Department of Agriculture for cot- 
 ton insect investigation. 
 
 1648. EiLEY, C. V. Silk- worm breeding. <Sci. Amer., 24 August, 1878 
 
 [v. 53], n. s., V. 39, p. 119. S. b. No. 19, p. 244. 
 Number of annual generations of Sericaria mori ; inferiority of races breeding 
 more than once annually. 
 
 1649. EiLEY, C. V. Cotton- worm. < Daily Constitution [Atlanta, Ga.], 
 
 8 September, 1878, v. 11, No. 73, p. 1. 
 
 Aletia argillacea l=xylina] feeds from the extra-floral nectar-glands of the 
 cotton-plant. 
 
 1650. Riley, C. V. That " fatherless and motherless race." The bas- 
 
 ket-worm, alias drop-worm, alias bag-worm, Thyridopteryx 
 ephemerwformis. <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 28 September, 1878, 
 tig. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 245-246. 
 
 Critical review of W. H. Gibson's article extracts from author's "The bag- 
 worm," with additions; degradation and breeding habits of female Psi/- 
 chidm ; method of imagination, fecundation, and oviposition of Thyridop- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OK ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 231 
 
 1650. Riley, C. V— Continued. 
 
 tenjx ephemcra'formix ; doscriptioM of og<^H and figures of all other stages; 
 down in which tin- eggs are enveloped is extruded from the abdomen with 
 the eggs; food-jjlants, parasites, and means against the species; its folli- 
 cles available for silk production ; this species proterogynous but most in- 
 sects proterandrous. 
 
 1651. Riley, C. V. Notes on the life-history of the blister-beetles, and 
 
 on the structure and development of Hornia. <Kan8as City 
 Review of Science and Industry, September, 1878, vol. 2, No. 
 6, p. 353. S.-b. No. 19, p. 209. Reprint : <Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
 Adv. Sci. for 1878 [14 July], 1879, v. 27, pp. 284-285. See: 
 <Ca. Eut. September [October], 1878, v. 10, pp. 177-178. 
 
 Occurrence in Epicauta and Macrobasis of the hypermetanjorphoses character- 
 istic of Meloidw ; specification of the stages of the same; summary of the 
 life-history of Hornia viinutipennis parasitic on AntJwphora ahrupta. 
 
 1652. RiLEY% C. V. On the larval characteristics of Corydnlus and 
 
 Chauliodes, and on the development of Corydalus cornutus. 
 <Kansas City Review of Science and Industry, September, 
 1878, V. 2, No. 6, p. 354. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 210-211. Reprint: 
 <Ca. Ent., May, 1879, v. 11, pp. 9G-98. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
 Adv. Sci. for 1878, [14 July], 1879, v. 27, pp. 285-287. See: 
 <Ca. Ent., September [October], 1878, v. 10, p. 178. 
 Characters and economic value of larva of Corjidahis cornutus ; characters in 
 brief of the imago; characters of larva of Chauliodes; description of eggs 
 of both genera ; situation of egg-masses of Corydalus and physical character 
 of their covering; description of respiratory apparatus and method of res- 
 piration of larvse of Corydalus. 
 
 1653. Riley, C. V. Biological notes on the gfall-making Pemphigince. 
 
 < Kansas City Review of Science and Industry, Sei)tember, 
 1878, V. 2, No. 6, p. 380. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 211-212: 212. Re- 
 print: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1878, [14 July], 1879, 
 V. 27, pp. 288-289. Abstract: <Nature, 28 November, 1878, v. 
 19, p. 75. Extract: <Sci. Amer., 26 October, 1878 [v. 53J, n. 
 8., V. 39, p. 266. S.-b. No. 19, p. 244. 
 
 Method of hibernation of gall-making Pemphigino' on Ulmus. 
 Note.— Nos. 1651-1653 and 1668—1669 were reprinted from Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
 Adv. Sci., V. 27, under a separate cover. Salem, February, 187'J. 
 
 1654. [Riley, C. V.] The cotton wood killer. <N. Y. Weekly Tribune, 
 
 9 October, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 242. Extract: <Amer. Ent., 
 July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 159-160. 
 Habits, ravages, and food-plants of Lina scripta; description of and means 
 against the same; Trypela pomonella an exaimjle of the acquisition of new 
 habits in insects. 
 
 1655. [Riley, C. V.] A new insect foe to green corn. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 9 October, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 234;,244. 
 
 Ravages of Cetonia [ — Euphoria'^ inda. 
 
 1656. [Riley, C. V.] Inquiring friends. <N. Y. Tribune, 9 October, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 245. 
 Ravages and food-plants of Uyhsinus opaculus; impracticability of means 
 against bark-borers in large trees. 
 
232 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1657. EiLEY, C. V. Notes from the South. Facts about the cotton- 
 
 worm. <Sci. Amer., 16 November, 1878 [v, 53], n. s., v. 39, pp. 
 312-313. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 213-214; 239-241. See: <Amer. 
 Kural Home, 27 September, 1878. S.-b. No. 23, p. 128. 
 
 Note of a trip in tlie southern United States in 1878 ; commission to inves- 
 tigate insects injurious to the cotton-plant; food-plants and habits of the 
 larva and imago of Aletia argillacea \^ = xylina'\; use of poisonous baits and 
 of Paris green ; Anomis exacta injurious in certain regions. 
 
 1658. EiLEY, C. V. Some further facts regarding that "fatherless 
 
 race." <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 30 November, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, 
 pp. 238-239. 
 Description and iigures of male copulatory organs of Tliyridopteryx ephemerw- 
 farmis ; description of method of copulation ; figures larva, pupa, imagos, 
 and follicles of the same; "parthenogenesis, though not improbable, sel- 
 dom takes place in this species ; " nature of the down intermingled with 
 the eggs ; previous error concerning this down. 
 
 1659. [Riley, C. V.] "The carpet bug." <N. Y. Tribune, 1 December, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 236. 
 
 Ravages of and means against Anthrenus scrophiilariw ; figures larva, pupa 
 and imago. 
 
 1660. [EiLEY, C. v.] A bug that eats bees. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 De- 
 
 cember, 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 237. Reprint: <Prairie Farmer, 
 4 January, 1879, v. 50, p. 3. S.-b. No. 23, p. 110. 
 
 Description and habits of Phymata erosa. 
 
 1661. [Riley, C. V.] Tomato worm. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 December, 
 
 1878. S.-b; No. 19, p. i:37. 
 
 Excessive abundance of larva of Sphinx quinquemaculata [^ Protoparce celeus"] 
 near Port Hope, Ontario, in 1878. 
 
 1662. [Riley, C. V.] Worm snake. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 December, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 237. 
 Habits and abode of larv£e of Sciara sp. at Orange, Conn. 
 
 1663. [Riley, C. V.] Carpet pests. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 December, 
 
 1878. S.-b. No. 19, p. 237. 
 Food habits, spread of, and means against Anthrenus acrophularice. 
 
 1664. Rlley, C. V. Corn worm. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 December, 1878. 
 
 S.-b. No. 19, pp. 235 ; 237. 
 Food-plants and means against HeUothis armigera. 
 
 1665. [Riley, C. V.] Hessian-fly. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 December, 1878. 
 
 S.-b. No. 19, pp. 235; 237. 
 Indications of the ravages of and food-plants of Cecidomyia destructor. 
 
 1666. [Riley, C. v.] Apple-worm. <N. Y. Tribune, 4 December, 1878. 
 
 S.-b. No. 19, pp. 235 ; 237. 
 Baldwin apples more lesempt than other varieties from the attacks of the 
 second brood of Carpocapsa povionella. 
 
 1667. Riley, C.V. Anent the English sparrow. < Evening Star [Wash- 
 
 ington, D. C], 28 December, 1878, v. 52, No. 8030, p. 1. S.-b. 
 No. 19, pp. 214-215; No. 23, p. 151. 
 Value of Passer domesticus as a destroyer of insects and in other respects ; 
 objections to the special protection of the same. 
 
BlBLIOaRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 233 
 
 1668. Riley, C V. Silk-culture ; a new source of wealth to the United 
 
 States. <Kaiisas City Review of Science and Industry, 1878, 
 V. 2, pp. 419-423. S.-i). ^o. 19, pp. 21G-218. Keprint: <Proc. 
 Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1878, [14 July], 1879, v. 27, pp. 277- 
 283. Extract : <Kansas Farmer, 1879 : 2G February, 12 No- 
 vember. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 105-lOG ; No. 39, pp. 91-92. See: 
 <Ca. Ent, September [October], 1878, v. 10, p. 178. <St. 
 Louis Globe-Democrat, 28 August, 1878. S.-b. No, 19, p. 203. 
 Practicability and desirability of the extensive establishment of silk-culture 
 in the United States ; sketch of eflforts made towards such establishment; 
 requisites to its success. 
 
 1669. Riley, C. V. The philosophy of the movements of the Rocky 
 
 Mouutain locust. <Kausas City Review of Science and Indus- 
 try, 1878, V. 2, pp. 424-427. S.-b. No. 19, pp. 218-220. Reprint: 
 <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1878, 14 July, 1879, v. 27, 
 pp. 271-277. See : <St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat, 24 Au- 
 gust, 1878, V. 4, No. 95. 
 Limits of breeding-grounds of and region invaded by Calopteniis spretua; 
 causes, periods, and directions of flights of the same ; causes of the limita- 
 tion of the flights; ravages; generalizations regarding locust invasions; 
 work of the U. S. Entomological Commission. 
 
 1670. Riley, C. V. A complete life-history of the army- worm, Leu- 
 
 cania unipuncta^ and its parasites. <25th Ann. Rept. Seer. 
 Mass. Board Agric. for 1877, 1878, pp. 243-253, figs. 
 Early history, synonymy, distribution, seasons, enemies, and parasites of 
 Leucania unipuncta ; habits of larvae and of female imagos; descriptions of 
 all stages; figures of all stages except the egg; figures of two unnamed 
 parasitic Ichneumons. Parasitic habits of Exorista [= Xemor(sa'\ leucaniw, 
 E. flacicauda, Microgaster l=Apavteles'] militaris, Pezomachus viinimus, aud 
 Ophion purgatus ; descriptions of Microgaster [=:J.] vulitaris, Mesochorua 
 vitreus, and Ophion purgatum. Ichneumon leucaniw also a parasite. 
 
 1671. Riley, C.V. Phylloxera. <Jolinson's New Universal Cyclopfe- 
 
 dia, 1878, v. 3, pp. 1241-1243, 8 figs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 192-194. 
 Definition of the genus PhyUoxera; list of the sixteen (16) described United 
 States species; descriptions of their galls; distribution, history, descrip- 
 tion, and figures of various stages and ravages of aud means against PhyU 
 loxera castatrix. 
 
 1672. Riley, C. V. Potato-bug. < Johnson's New Universal CyclopsB- 
 
 dia, 1878, v. 3, pp. 13G1-13G4, 9 figs. S.-b. No. 10, pp. 195-198. 
 
 List of principal enemies of potato-plant ; spread, natural history, food-plants, 
 enemies of, and means against Dorxjphora decemlincata; figures of the same 
 in its diflfereut stages, and of Lydella [= Exorixta'\ dori/phora; Calosoma cali- 
 dum, Ilippodamia eonvergens, Mynia [=: Anati'al I'^-punclata, Arma [= Podi- 
 8us] spinoaua, Uarpactor [= J/t/^as] cinctua, Perillus circumcinctua, and Dory- 
 phora juncta. 
 
 1673. Riley, C. V. Weevil. <Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia, 
 
 1878, v. 4, p. 1338, fig. S.-b. No. 14, p. 4G. 
 
 Definition of " weevil ; " mention of numerous species, with statement of 
 their food-plants and manner of obtaining food; habits and means against 
 Sitophilua [= Calandra^ granaria and S. [= C] oryz(r. 
 
234 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1674. Riley, C. V. The locust swarms that devastate the trans-Mis- 
 sissippi country ; their source, movemeuts, and eastern limit. 
 <Western Farmer's Almauac for 1879, 1878, pp. 48-50, S.-b. 
 No. 19, pp. 247-248. 
 
 Limits of the breeding-grounds of and of regions invaded by Caloptenus spre- 
 tus; causes, periods, and directions of their flights; causes of the limita- 
 tions of the same physical and principally atmospheric; amount of rav- 
 
 ■ ages. 
 
 1C75. [Riley, C. V.] Prof. Riley in favor of the birds. <Evening Star 
 [Washington, D. C], 9 January, 1879, v. 53, No. 8039, p. 3. 
 S. b. No. 19, pp. 223-224; No. 23, p. 94. 
 From St. Louis [Mo.] Globe-Democrat. List of some birds which are bene- 
 ficial to horticulture and some which are noxious. 
 
 1676. Riley, C. Y. Letter from Prof. C. V. Riley. <Colman's Rural 
 
 World, 15 January, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 107-108. 
 Letter to N. J. Colman transmitting report as former treasurer of the Mis- 
 ' souri State Horticultural Society; transmission of documents for distribu- 
 tion ; proposal for a revised and condensed edition of author's reports as State 
 entomologist of Missouri. 
 
 1677. [Riley, C. V.J Michigan apples and codling-moth. <N. Y. Tri- 
 
 bune, 15 January, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 109. 
 
 Freedom of apples from Carpocapsa pomonelJa in 1878 in Michigan due to the 
 smalluess of the apple crop in 1877 and to the efforts made by the orchard- 
 ists to exterminate the insects. 
 
 1678. Riley, C. V. Notes on the ApMdidw of the United States, with 
 
 descriptions of species occurring west of the Mississippi. 
 <Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., 28 February, 1879, 
 V. 5, pp. 1-32, pi. 1-2, with 2 pp. expl. of pi. Separate : <Wash- 
 ingtou, 22 January, 1879, 32 pp., 2 pi., with 2 pp. expl. of pi. 
 Abstract: <Sci. News, 15 April, 1879, v. 1, pp. 184-186. 
 
 Part 1, pp. 1-17, by C. V. Riley, entitled "Biological notes on the Pemphi- 
 gince, with descriptions of new'species ; " history and description of Schizo- 
 neura americana n. sp. [p. 4], Colopha ulmicola, Pemphigus populi-monilis 
 n. sp. [p. 13], P. pojndi-lransversns n. sp. [p. 15], P. p.-ramulorum n. s]). [p. 
 16], P. acerifolii n. sp. [p. 16], P. fraxmifolii u. sp. [p. 17], and Hormaphia 
 spinosus. 
 
 Part 2, pp. 18-3-2, by J. Monell, entitled "Notes on ApMdinw, with descrip- 
 tions of new species." Describes nine (9) new species of Siplionophora, five 
 (o) of Aphis, two (2) of Bhopalosipthum, nine (9) of CalUpterus, three (3) of 
 Chaitophorus ; description of other species of these genera and of Drepanosi- 
 phinn and the genera above named ; synoptic tables of some of the species. 
 
 1679. [Riley, C. V.] [Plant-lice on potatoes.] <N. Y. Tribune, 12 
 
 February, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 109. 
 
 Aphididm reputed injurious to potato plants, probably Apliia solani. 
 
 1680. Riley, C. V. Missouri entomological reports. <rolman's Rural 
 
 World, 19 February, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 102. 
 
 Proposal for republication of the reports of the State entomologist of Mis- 
 souri ; reasons for the non-publication of a tenth report; sketch of what 
 that report would have contained. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 235 
 
 1681. Riley, C.V. Entomological notes. The chinch-bug. <Farmer^s 
 
 Review. February, 1879, li tigs. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 111-112. 
 Figures of all stages, ravages, uatural history, aud means agaiust Jilissus 
 leucopterua ; its metbocl of liibeniatiou, and the effect of weather upon it. 
 
 1682. RiLEY, C. V. Notes ou the api>Ie-worm. <Cohnan's Rural 
 
 Worhl, 5 March, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 102. Reprint with slight 
 changes: <Amer. Nat., August [July], 1879, v. 13, pp. 523- 
 524. <Auu. Rept. [U. S.] Commissioner Agric. for 1878, 22 
 November, 1879, pp. 238-239. 
 See No. 1721 for syuopsis of contents. 
 
 1683. Riley, C. V. The rice-weevil. Serious injury to stored and to 
 
 cribbed corn. <Farmer's Review, March, 1879, fig. S.-b. No. 
 23, p. 99 ; 112. 
 
 Figures larva, pupa, and imago of Calandra oryzo' and imago of C. granaria ; 
 habits, ravages, aiul means against the same ; description of egg and 
 method of oviposition of C. oryza;', use of carbon bisulphide against these 
 inserts; poisonous effects of eating the comminuted beetles. 
 
 1684. Riley, G. V. [Letter to W. G. Le Due] <Boston Daily Herald, 
 
 4 April, 1879. <Psyche Advertiser, 11 April, 1879, v. 2, p. 9. 
 <^Ent. Nach., 1 July, 1879, jahrg. 5, p. 177. 
 
 The reason for which the author resigned as entomologist of the U. S. De- 
 partment of Agriculture was not ill-health. 
 
 1685. RiLEY, G. V. Preventing rot in plums. <N. Y. Tribune, 9 April, 
 
 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 110; 129. 
 Trapping and jarring recommended as a means against Conotrachehm nenu- 
 phar. 
 
 1686. [Riley, G. V.] A new insect pest. <Golorado Farmer, 10 April, 
 
 1879, V. 12, No. 15, p. C. S.-b. No. 23, p. 108. 
 Injury to orchards and ornamental trees in California by Dorthesia [chara- 
 cjasf], introduced from Australia; ravages of D. characian in southern 
 Africa; prospective ravages in California; means agaiiist it. 
 
 1687. Kiley, G. V. The nervous system and salivary glands of Phyl 
 
 loxera. <Psyche, 11 April*, 1879, v. 2, pp. 225-226. 
 
 Correctness of E. L. Mark's conclusion that the author liad mistaken nerve 
 cords for trachesp; dissent from M. Cornu's view that the root swellings 
 caused by PhyUorera are due to mechanical action of the puncture and 
 the subsequent absorption of liquids; swelling considered to be caused by 
 the introduction of a salivary secretion. 
 
 1688. Riley, G. V. Mr. Henderson's experiments. <Gardener's Mo. 
 
 and Hortic, April, 1879, v. 21, pp. 120-121. S.-b. No. 23, p. 
 107. 
 
 Review of P. Henderson's " Carnivorous plants ; " believes that Dioun-a and 
 Droaera are nouri.shed by the in.sects digested by their leaves. 
 
 1689. Riley, G. V. The migrations and hibernation of Aletia argilla- 
 
 cea. <Washington [D. G.J World, 10 May, 1879. <Science 
 News, 1 June, 1879, v. 1, pp. 230-232. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 119- 
 120. <Sci. Amer., 14 June, 1879 [v. 54], n. s., v. 40, p. 375. 
 <Galveston [Tex.] Daily News, 24 October, 1879, v. 38, p. 2. 
 
236 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1689. EiLEY, C. v.— Coutiuued. 
 
 S.-b. Xo. 23, pp. 166-167, No. 42, pp. 38-39. Abstract : < Amer. 
 Nat., November [25 October], 1879, v. 13, p. 726. <Farmer's 
 Review, September, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 108. 
 
 Eavages of insects, particularly of Aletia argillaceo. [=:x^/i«a] in the United 
 States; hibernation theories ; author's belief in the probable hibernation 
 of the moth in the southern parts of the cotton belt ; species mistaken for 
 Aletia; description and food-plants of Jspiia mresceres. 
 
 1690. Riley, C. V. Insects affecting clover. <N. Y. Tribune, 14 
 
 May, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 90; 97; 129. 
 Habits, ravages of and means against Hylesinus trifolii and Cecidomyia legu- 
 minicola ; prior observations upon the same ; characters distinguishing 
 C. legum'micola from C. [= Diplosis] tritici and C. destructor. 
 
 1691. Riley, C. V. [(Ecanthus nivem.\ <N. Y. Tribune, 14 May, 1879. 
 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. 95 ; 98. 
 
 Occurrence of eggs of (Ecanthus niveus in twigs of apple, raspberry, grape, 
 and other plants ; slight injuries to be expected from the *same ; means 
 against them. 
 
 1692. [Riley, C. V.] Insect powders and their use. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 14 May, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 95 ; 96 ; 130-131. 
 
 Abstract of W. Saunders' "Insect powder," with additions; differences be- 
 tween Persian and Dalmatian insect powder; methods of using them 
 against insects. 
 
 1693. [Riley, C. V.] The grasshopper prospect. <N. Y. Tribune, 14 
 
 May, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 98. 
 Prospect of injuries by Caloptenus spretus in 1879; a new species injurious in 
 the Sierra Valley of California. 
 
 1694. Riley, C. V. The westward progress of the imported cabbage- 
 
 worm. <Amer. Nat, June [20 MayJ, 1879, v. 13, p. 393. 
 See : <Colorado Farmer, 10 Ai^til, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 108. 
 < Farmer's Review, April, 1879. S.-b. No. 22, p. 64. <Col- 
 man's Rural World, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 108. <Auu. Rept. 
 [U. S.] Commissioner Agric. for 1878, 22 November, 1879, p. 239. 
 
 Spread of Pieris rapw into Illinois and Missouri; means against the same. 
 
 1695. [Riley, C. V.] Lures for moths. <N. Y. Tribune, 28 May, 1879. 
 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. 95. 
 
 Trapping Carpocapsa pomoneUa in shallow dishes of sweetened liquid more 
 harmful than beneficial, as many useful insects are destroyed; the method 
 serviceable against Heliothis armigera. 
 
 1696. [Riley, C. V.] The currant-worm. <N. Y. Tribune, 11 June, 
 
 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 106. 
 Description, habits, distribution, and spread of and means against Nematua 
 ventricosus [ = ?*j6esji] ; methods of using hellebore. 
 
 1697. [Riley, C. V.] Sweet-potato beetle. <N. Y. Tribune, 11 June, 
 
 1879. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 106—107; 131. 
 Description of all stages, habits, food plants, and means against Coptooyola 
 [ =: Caaaida^ nigripea. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 237 
 
 1698. EiLEY, 0. V. [The seventeen year Cicada.] <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 1879. Reprint : <Colman's Rural World, 25 June, 1879. S -b 
 No. 23, p. 152. 
 Boundaries of the areas in which Cicada [= Tibicen-] aejyfendecim ie expected 
 to occur in 1879; request for information of its appcarauce. 
 
 1699. Riley, C. V. The imported carpet beetle, Anthrenus scrophu. 
 
 laricc, L. <Farmer'8 Review, 1879, fig. S.-b. No. 23, pp. J)0- 
 98. Extract : < Amer. Ent., March, 1880 [v. 3], ii. s., v. 1, p. 54. 
 Letter of J. H. Parsons, with answer ; description of larva and imago of 
 Anthreitm scrophulari(r; its history, habits, ravages, and means against 
 them ; figures larva, pupa, and imago. 
 
 1700. [RiLEY, C. v.] The cheese-skipper. <N. Y. Tribune, 2 July, 
 
 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 93. Notice: <Farmer's Review, 7 Sep- 
 tember, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 103. 
 Description of larva, pupa, and imago, habits and means against PiopMla 
 
 casei. 
 
 1701. Riley, C. V. The thick-thighed walking-stick. <Sci. Amer., 5 
 
 July, 1879 [v. 55], n. s., v. 41, pp. 7-8, fig. S.-b. No. 23, p. 121. 
 Reprint, with slight changes: <Aun. Rept. [U. S.] Commis- 
 sioner Agric. for 1878, 22 November, 1879, pp. 241-245, pi. 3. 
 Treats of Dlapheromera femorata. See No. 1721 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1702. Riley, C. V. The cotton-worm. <Mobile Register, 9 July, 
 
 1879. S.-b. No. QS, p. 204. See: <Colorado Citizen, 17 July, 
 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 91. <Galveston News, 19 July, 1879. 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. 93. 
 
 Remarks at the Cotton Exchange about prospective injuries from Aletia argil- 
 laceal—xylina^; sudden appearance and means against the same; more 
 injurious in wet than dry weather. 
 
 1703. Rlley, C. v. other insects affecting cheese. <N. Y. Tribune, 
 
 9 July, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 92. Reprint: <Amer. Dairyman. 
 <Western Rural, 9 August, 1879, v. 17, No. 32, p. 250. S.-b. 
 No. 23, p. 92. 
 
 Habits and transformations of Ti/rogh/ph us xiro, Conpietes [ = Xecrobia'] rufipes, 
 ami Bermestes lardarius ; tenacity of life of the Ti/rogbjplniK and assumption 
 of Hijpopns form by the same ; anecdote of Latreille; injury done in cheese 
 by Muaca corvina. 
 
 1704. RiLEY',C. V. FapRtion of the Nymphalidw. Abstract: <Psyche, 
 
 11 July, 1879, V. 2, pp. 249-251. 
 
 Notice of prevalent explanations of the manner in which suspended pupa of 
 Lepidoptera support themselves while shedding thc^ larval skin ; explana- 
 tion of the process in Vanessa antiopa and I'aphia ghjcerinm. 
 
 1705. Riley, C. Y. Fire-flies. <Sci. Amer., 26 July, 1870 fv. 55], n. 
 
 s., V. 41, p. 49. S.-b. No. 23, p. 104. 
 
 Definition of '' Fire-flies;" description of larva, pupa, and imago of Photinus 
 pi/ralis; Photuris pcnnsylvaniciis, the commonest species in the more north- 
 em states ; absence or imperfect development of wings in certain female 
 Lampyridoe, 
 
238 BIBLIOGEAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1706. EiLEY, C. V. Grape-scale insect, new species. <Pacific Rural 
 
 Press, 16 August, 1879. S. b. No. 33, p. 66. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of editor of Press ; a new coccid, allied to Pulvinaria vitia. 
 
 1707. Riley, C.V. Dragou-flies. <Sci.Amer.,23 Augast,1879[v.55], 
 
 n. s., V. 41, p. 113. S.-b. No. 23, p. 100. 
 
 Description and natural history of Libelliilida', 
 
 1708. Riley, C. V. Failure of tea roses. Habits of Fuller's rose beetle, 
 
 Aramignsfulleri Horn. <Sci. Araer., 30 August, 1879 [v. 55], 
 n. s., V. 41, p. 129, fig. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 114-116. Reprint : 
 <Gardeuer's Mo. and Hortic, October, 1879, v. 21, pp. 310-31 1, 
 fig. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 126-127. Reprint, with additions: 
 <Ann. Rept. [U. S.] Commissioner Agric. for 1878, 22 Novem- 
 ber, 1879, pp. 255-257, pi. 17, f. 2. 
 See No. 1721 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1709. Riley, C. V. The " Devil's darning needle." <Sci. Amer., 6 
 
 September, 1879 [v. 55], n. s., v. 41, p. 148. S.-b. No. 23, p. 
 104. Review: <Sci. Amer., 27 September, 1879 [v. 55], n. s., 
 V. 41, p. 194. S.-b. No. 23, p. 103J. 
 Diapheromera femorata winters in the egg-state; W. J. McGee confounds the 
 above with a species of i?ttna<?'a; the term "Devil's darning needle" mostly 
 associated in the popular mind with the dragon-flies (Libelhdidw). 
 
 1710. [Riley, C. V.] The red-spider on roses. <Sci. Amer., 13 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1879 [v. 55], n. s., v. 41, p. 161. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 116- 
 117. 
 
 Nature, ravages, and means against Tetranychus telarius; habits and trans- 
 formations o{ Acarina. 
 
 1711. Riley, C. V. Philosophy of the pupation of butterflies. <Sci. 
 
 Amer. Suppl. No. 193, 13 September, 1879, p. 3069, 3 figs. S.-b. 
 No. 23, p. 125. Reprint : <ScienceNews, 15 September, 1879, v. 1, 
 pp. 346-350. Reprint with changes : < Nature, 16 October, 1879, 
 v, 20, pp. 594-595. <Kosmos, January, 1880, bH. 6, pp. 313- 
 318. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1879, 1880, v. 28, pp. 
 455-463, figs. <Separate: Salem, Mass., July, 1880, 9 pp., 6 
 figs. <Amer. Ent., July, 1S80 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 162-167, 
 figs. 65-70. Abstract : <The Field Nat. and Sci. Student, Jan- 
 uary, 1883, pp. 179-180. S.-b. No. 42, p. 1. <Bull. Philos. Soc. 
 Wash., 1879, v. 3, pp. 41-43. 
 Illustrates the prevalent explanation of the manner in which suspended 
 chrysalids become attached to their supports; describes and illustrates the 
 more correct process; structure of the terminal joint of the chrysalis espe- 
 cially in Vanessa antiopa, Terias sp., Danais archippus, and Paphia ghjcerium. 
 
 1712. Riley, C. V. Parasites of the cotton- worm. <Ca. Ent., Septem- 
 
 ber, 1879, V. 11, pp. 161-162. 
 
 List of parasites of A letia arffiUacca [ = xijlina'] ; descriptions of Triehogramma 
 pretiosa n. sp. [p. 161], Cirraspihis [= Tetrastichus'] esurus n. sp. [p. 162], 
 and Tachina aletiw n. sp. [p. l(i-i]. 
 
BIBLIOGKAPIIY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 239 
 
 1713. KiLEY, C. V. [Insect injurious to junipers.] <Cii. Ent., Septem- 
 
 ber, 1879, V. 11, p. 177. 
 
 Junipers ou Lonf; Lslaiul injured by Dapailia nitilami. 
 
 1714. KiLEY, C. Y. The imported cabbage-worm in the South. <Farm- 
 
 er's Review, September, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, p. 106. 
 
 Spread of Pkrh rapd- westward and southward; its present distribution; 
 southern limit of distribution of Doryphora lO-Hiieata. 
 
 1715. RiLEY', C. V. The shedding of the tnacheic and double cocoons. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., October, 1879, v. ;3, p. G52. 
 Review of two notes by E. Potts. 
 
 1716. RiLEY', C. V. Leaf-galls on the grape-vine. <N. Y. Tribune, 1 
 
 October, 1879. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 117; 173. See: <Kansa8 
 Farmer, 26 November, 1879. S.b. No. 26, p. 9. <West. Rural, 
 10 December, 1879. 
 
 Habits, ravages, reproduction, and distribution of Phylloxera vastatrix. 
 
 1717. Riley, C. V. The Croton bug as a library pest. <Library Jour- 
 
 nal, September-October, 1879, v. 4, p. 376. 
 
 Letter to Weston Flint ; ravages of and means against Blatta [= JE'oioftja] ger- 
 manica. 
 
 1718. Klley, C. V. The Ailanthus silk-worm, Attacus{Sa7)iia) cynthia. 
 
 <Science News, 15 October, 1879, v. 1, pp. 377-383. Extract : 
 <Amer. Ent, March, ls80 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 56-58, tig. 16. 
 <Farmer's Review, 8 January, 1880, v. 4. S.b. No. 23, pp. 
 167-168. 
 Descri^jtion of eggs, larva?, and images of Samia [ =J</acH8] cynthia; his- 
 tory, food-plants, acclimation, and artiticial rearing of the same, and of 
 Samia l=^Attactis'] ricini ; dift'erences between the eggs, larvie.and cocoons 
 of the two species ; availability of these and other species for silk-culture ; 
 superiority of Sericaria mori for this' purpose; occurrence of partheno- 
 genesis and of retardation of development in Jloinhi/cidn'. 
 
 1719. Riley, C. V. the cotton -worm. Letter from Prof. C. V. Riley 
 
 ou some recent cotton-worm articles in the News. <Galveston 
 [Tex. I Daily News, 24 October, 1879, v. 38, No. 185, p. 2. S.-b. 
 No. 23, pp. 164-165. Reply : <lbid., 31 October, 1879, No. 191, 
 p. 4. 
 Critical review of W. J. Jones's "The cotton caterpillar," and of Investi- 
 gator's "The cotton-worm;" denies that Aletia argiUacca \^=zxylina'\ hi- 
 bernates in the i)upa state; author not interested in entomological dis- 
 coveries for mercenary ends. 
 
 1720. RiLEY', C. V. [Spread of Pierifi rapw into Alabama.] <Ca. Ent., 
 
 October, 1879, v. 11, p. 196. 
 
 Pieris rapw now qnite common in Alabama ; it has reached Selma but not 
 Mobile. 
 
 1721. Riley-, C. V. Report of the entomologist. <Ann. Va-pt. [U. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric. for 1878, 22 November, 1870, i)p. l,'07-257, 
 + 1 p. expl. of pi., pis. 1-7. Separate: <VVashington, Octo- 
 
240 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1721. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 ber, 1879, pp. 52 + 1 p. expl. of pi., 7 pi. Notice : <Gardener's 
 Mo. and Hortic, November, 1879, v. 21, pp. 349-350, S.-b. No. 
 23, p. 29. 
 
 Letter of submittal 207 
 
 Insects AFFECTING THE COTTOX PLANT 210 
 
 Report of special investigations carried on in 1878, 210 — Organiza- 
 tion and personnel of the commission of inquiry, 21^ — Circular 
 letter of inquiries," 210 — Report of A. R. Grote, 213 — Seasons, hi- 
 bernation, and migrations of Aletia argillacea [= xyli7ia'\, 213 — 
 Discovery of parasites, 214 — Food-plants of the imago, 214, 
 The silk worm: A brief manual of instructions for the pro- 
 duction OF SILK 215 
 
 [A reprint of special report No. 11.] Cnlture of Sericaria moriinthe 
 United States, 215 — Profits of producing cocoons, 217 — Profits of 
 reeling, 217 — Profits in raising eggs, 218 — Nature of the silk- 
 worm, 218— The egg, 219— The larva, 219— The cocoon, 220— The 
 chrysalis, 221 — The moth, 221 — Enemies and diseases, 2il — Mus- 
 cardine, 221 — P^brine, 222 — Other diseases, 223 — Varieties or 
 races, 223 — Wintering and hatching the eggs, 224 — Feeding and 
 rearing the worms, 225 — Preparation for spinning, 228 — Gather- 
 ing the cocoons, 229 — Choking the chrysahs, 229 — Egg-laying; 
 reproduction, 230 — Reeling, 232 — Food-plants, 235 — Glossary of 
 terms used, 236. 
 
 The grape Phylloxera 237 
 
 Importance of American grape-culture, 237 — Grafting of vines, 
 237 — Distribution of Phylloxera, 238 — Hoplessness of means 
 against, 238. 
 
 Notes on the apple-worm 238 
 
 Causes of the scarcity of Carpocapsa pomonella in Michigan, 238 — 
 Means against the same, 239. 
 
 The westward progress of the imported cabbage-worm 239 
 
 Spread of Pieris rapw, 239 — Means against the same, 239. 
 
 Chapin's apple-leaf sewer, Phoxopteris nubeculana Clem 239 
 
 Habits and natural history, 239 — Its injury to apple-trees, 239 — 
 Means against it, 239 — Description of larva and chrysalis, 239 — 
 Synonymy, 239. 
 
 The thick-thighed walking-stick, Diapheromera femorata Say 241 
 
 Vernacular names, 241 — Nomenclature, 241 — Characters, 241 — De- 
 structive powers, 241 — Habits and natural history, 243 — Its ap- 
 pearance every alternate year, 244 — Natural enemies, 244 — 
 Remedies, 245 — Description of egg, 245 — The larva, 245. 
 
 The great elm-leaf beetle, Monocesta corijli, Say* 245 
 
 Past history, 245— Ravages, 246— Habits, 246— The eggs, 246— The 
 larva}, 246— Habits of larvte, 246— The pupa, 246— Remedies, 247. 
 
 The juniper web-worm, ZJajjsi/ia r(f<!7awffl, Hiibn 247 
 
 Importation, 247 — Distribution in Europe, 247 — Habits, 247 — Rem- 
 edies, 248— Description of larva, 248; of pupa, 248; of imago, 
 248, 
 
 * Translation : <Acker- und Gartenbau-Zeitung, 1 June, 1880, v. 11, p. 87, fig. 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. — . 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 241 
 
 1721. KiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The clover-root uorer, Ilylcsiniis trifolii, Miiller • 243 
 
 Occurreuee m New York, 24d— Habits iu Europe, 249 — Food-plants, 
 249— Natural history, 249— Remedies, 250— Differential charac- 
 ters of H. opaculus and //. trifolii, 250— Enemies, 250 — Descrip- 
 tion of larva, 250; of pupa, 250. 
 TUE CLOVER-SEED MIDGE, Cecidoviyia hgumiiiicola, Lintner 250 
 
 Kavagea iu Now York, 2.50— Habits, 251 — Remedies, 251 — Descrip- 
 tion of imago, 251 — Larva, 252 — Cocoon, 252 — Pnpal excuvium, 
 252 — Comparative characters of C. iritici, C. destructor, and C. 
 leguminicola, 252. 
 The APPLE COLEOPHORA, Colcophora malivorella, n. sp.t 253 
 
 History, 253— Habits, 253— Injuries, 253— Larval habits, 254— Ene- 
 mies and remedies, 254 — Description of larva and imago, 254. 
 Fuller's rose-beetle, Aramigus fitlleriRoTn 2.55 
 
 History, 255 — Distribution, 255 — Ravages, 2.55 — Habits and charac- 
 ters of imago, 256 — Remedies, 257 — Description of egg, larva, and 
 pupa, 257. 
 
 1722. EiLEY, C. V. |Parasites bred from the cotton- worm.] <Ca. Ent., 
 
 November, 1879, v. 11, j). 205. 
 Nine species of parasites have been bred from Alelia argillacea 1 = xyUna'\. 
 
 1723. KiLEY, C. V. The bee-moth. <K Y. Tribune, 1879. Keprint: 
 
 <Farmer's Review, 3 January, 1880. S.-b. No. 23, p. 158. 
 Description of larva and imago, habits, ravages, and means against GaUeria 
 cere ana. 
 
 1724. EiLEY, 0. V. The silk-worm; being a brief manual of instruc- 
 
 tions for the production of silk. <Special Report No. 11 [U. 
 S.J, Dept. Agric, "Washington, 1879, pp. 31, 8 tigs. Second 
 edition: <Washington, 1882, 37pp., 8 figs. Third edition: 
 <Washington, 1883, 37 pp., 8 figs. Fourth edition: Fifth 
 edition: Sixth edition: <Bull. No. 9 Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 
 Agric, 11 July, 1886, 65 pp., 29 figs., 2 pi. Seventh edition: 
 <lUd., April, 1888. 
 
 Treats of Sericaria mori. See No. 1721 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1725. Riley, C. V. Loudon purple as an insecticide. <Farmer's Re- 
 
 view, 29 January, 1880, v. 4, No. 5, p. — . 
 
 1726. [Riley, O. Y.] [The food-habits of thrushes.] <Amer. Ent., 
 
 January, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 2-3. 
 Notice of S. A. Forbes' " The food-habits of thrushes ; " incompletenes.sof our 
 knowledge of the food-habits of birds and of Carabida ; author's opinion 
 favorable to the birds. 
 
 1727. [ KiLEY, C. Y.J The grape Phylloxera in California. < Amer. Ent, 
 
 January, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 3. 
 Phylloxera vastatrxx as destructive to Vitis vinifcra in California as in Europe; 
 the winged female supposed not to have ajtpeared yet in California ; specu- 
 lations upon this modification of habit, if true. 
 
 • Translation : <Acker- und Gartenban-Zeitung, 1 August, 1880, v. 11, p. 119, 2 figs. 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. — . Extract: <Prairie Farmer, 22 Xoveuibor, 1879, v. .50, p. 370. 
 S.-b. No. 23, pp. 168-169. <Amer. Rural Farmer, 18 December, 1879. S.-b. No. 45, 
 pp. 23-24. 
 
 t Translation: <Acker- und Gartenbau-Zcitung, 1 September, 1880, v. 11, p. 135, 
 fig. S.-b. No. 23, p. 182. 
 16 ENT 
 
242 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1728. [Riley, 0. V.] On the hibernation of the cotton-worm, Aletia 
 
 argillacea Hiibn. <Amer. Eut., January, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, 
 pp. G-11, figs. 3-5 ; p. 15. . 
 Advance print from Bull. No. 3 U. S. Ent. CommissioD, pp. 24-31. Seo No. 
 1736 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1729. [Riley, 0. V.] [Tnquilines in galleries of the common white-ant.] 
 
 <.Amer. Ent., January, 1880, [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 15. 
 Trichopsenius depressua and three undescribed Aleocharini found inquilinons 
 in galleries of Termis flavrpes in Texas by E. A. Scbwarz; the Trichopsenius 
 previously known by a single specimen from Georgia. 
 
 1730. [Riley, C. V.] Large white scale on acacias, etc. <Araer. Ent. 
 
 January, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 20. 
 Occurrence and ravages of Z>or<ftm« characiasl in California and southern 
 Africa ; characters of the insect. 
 
 1731. [Riley, C. V.J [Ravages of moths in cushions.] <Amer. Ent., 
 
 January, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 20. 
 Conclusions of discussion by German Society of Railway Comi^anies as to the 
 best method of preventing the ravages of moths in the cushions of railway 
 carriages. 
 
 1732. [Riley, C. v.] [Grape Phylloxera in Geelong, Victoria.] <Amer. 
 
 Ent., January, 18b0 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 20. 
 Occurrence of Phylloxera vastatrix in Geelong, Victoria. 
 
 1733. Riley, C. V. Borers in black-ash : Fall web-worm : Apple-tree 
 
 insects. <Amer. Ent., January, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, pp. 22- 
 23. 
 
 Black-ash trees in New York killed by the borings of Parandra hrunnea ; ash 
 trees bored also by Trochilinm 1=^ FatKa'] denudala; the leaves of the same 
 and other trees destroyed by Hijphantvia texior [=CH?(ea]; apples injured 
 by the "gimlet-worm"; habits, ravages of, and means against BuccuJatrix 
 pomifoUella ; figure of cocoons and imago of this moth. 
 
 1734. [Riley, C. V.] Skippers injuring smoked hams. <Amer. Ent.„ 
 
 January, 1880, [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 23-24. 
 Answer to communication from E. A. Smith ; hams injured by larvje of Pio- 
 phila casei; means against these and other insects injuring hams. 
 
 1735. [Riley, C. V.] Tlpula eggs in the stomach of the cat-bird. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., January, 1880 [v. 3],n. s., v. 1, p. 24. 
 Answer to communication from S.A.Forbes; description of eggs and method 
 of oviposition of Tipnla trivitiata ? 
 
 1736. Riley, 0. V. The cotton-worm. Summary of its natural his- 
 
 tory, with an account of its enemies and the best means of con- 
 trolling it; being a report of progress of the work of the com- 
 mission. <Bull. No. 3, U. S. Ent. Commission, 28 January, 
 1880, 144 pp., 1 pi., 84 figs. Extract: <Amer. Eut., March, 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s.,. v. 1, pp. 67-68, figs. 19-20. <Farmer's Re- 
 view, January, 1880, 2 figs. S. b. No. 23, pjp. 163-164. 
 
BIBLIOGKAPllY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 243 
 
 1736. Riley, C. V.— Coutiuued. 
 
 IXTRODUCTOUY 1 
 
 Text of circular sent out by the commission, 1 — History of the iu- 
 vestigation, 1 — Need thereof, 2 — Early work of To wnend Glover, 
 Thomas AflHeck, au«l D. L. Pbares, 2 — Special report ordered by 
 Congress, 3 — Character of the Bulletin, 3 — Division of the cot- 
 ton-belt in the southern or hibernating and the northern or 
 non-hibernating portions, 4 — Practical aim of the commission, 
 4 — Persons who have assisted, 4. 
 
 1. Destructiveness of tue worm 7 
 
 Losses occasioned by it 7 
 
 Increase of injury westward, 7 — Least injury in northern portion 
 of belt, 7 — Tabular statement of loss for past 15 years, b. 
 
 2. Popular AND scientific names for the insect 8 
 
 Most desirable popular name, 8 — Different technical names by 
 which the insect has been known, 8 — Earliest description of 
 it, 8. 
 
 3. Characters AND stages of the insect 
 
 The egg 9 
 
 The worm always hatched from an egg, 9 — Where the egg is laid, 
 9 — Number of eggs to a leaf, 10— All eggs perish during winter, 
 10 — Other eggs mistaken for those of Aletia, 10. 
 
 The worm or larva 10 
 
 Character of newly-hatched worm, 10 — Number of molts, 11 — 
 Variation in color, 11— Peculiar habits, 11— Flourishes on the 
 cotton-plant only, 12. 
 
 The chrysalis 12 
 
 Duration of chrysalis state, 13 — It never transforms below ground, 
 13 — How it may be distinguished from other species, 13. 
 
 The moth or imago 13 
 
 Distinguishing characters of the moths, 14— Sexual differences, 
 14 — Different habits at night and at day, 14— Fecundity, 15— 
 It finds its natural food on the cotton-plant, 15 — Fond of 
 fruits, 15— Character of its tongue, 15. 
 
 4. Time elapsing from one generation to another v.. 16 
 
 It varies greatly, but averages about one month, 16. 
 
 5. Time of year when the first worms appear 16 
 
 Prevailing opinions erroneous, 16 — The worms hatch in April, ^ 
 16 — First worms always in small numbers, 17 — The third gen- 
 eration usually called the first, 17. 
 
 6. Condition of soil ant) plant con'^nected with the appearance 
 
 OF the first worms 18 
 
 The worms appear first on low, moist, and rich lands, 18 — Few 
 exceptions to the rule, 18— The plant must be well advanced 
 and luxuriant, 18 — Some shelter generally near, 19— Reoccur- 
 rence year after year in the same spots, 19 — Theory cxplainiiig 
 first appearance under the circumstances observed, 19. 
 
 7. Wet weather favors the development of the worms 20 
 
 Humid and hot atmosphere most favorable, 20 — Heavy storms 
 destroy, 20 — Effect of dryness, 21 — Indirect influences of wet 
 weather, 21 — It prevents the working of the worm's natural 
 enemies, 21. 
 
244 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1736. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 8. Number of annual generations 21 
 
 Prevailing general belief erroneous, 21 — Early generations often 
 overlooked, 22 — Also often esterniiuated by natural enemies, 
 22 — At least seven annual generations in southern portion of 
 belt, and probably more, 22. 
 
 9. Migrations and power of flight of the moth 2J. 
 
 The moth has great power of wing, 23 — It flies many hundreds 
 of miles north of cotton belt, 23 — Appearance of the worm on 
 cotton first planted great distances from any other cotton thus 
 accounted for, 23 — Migrating habit developed only in latei 
 months when they become numerous, 24. 
 10. Hibernation - 24 
 
 Different opinions and beliefs, '24 — Difficulty surrounding the 
 question, 24 — Erroneous conclusions easily drawn, 25 — Fallacy 
 of the belief that the chrysalis winters underground, 25-26 — 
 Ability of the moth to survive the winter, 26 — Other moths 
 easily mistaken for it, 27 — Theory of annual introduction of 
 the species from some exotic country, 28 — Arguments for and 
 against the theory, 29, 30 — Hibernation of the moth in the 
 southern portion of the belt substantiated, 30 — But a very 
 small proportion of those which abound in the fall live to per- 
 petuate their kind the next spring, 31 — Localities where the 
 moth hibernates, 31. 
 
 11. Natural enemies 31 
 
 Vertebrates ,. . '33 
 
 Quadrupeds, birds, and reptiles that feed upon the worm, 32 — 
 Introduction of English sparrow, 33. 
 
 Invertebrates 33 
 
 Predaceous insects 33 
 
 Wasps, ants, and other Hymenoptera, 34 — The good work of 
 ants, 34 — How they are drawn to a cotton-field by the aphides, • 
 34 — Beetles which prey upon the worm and others which pre- 
 sumably do so, 35 — Enemies among the half-winged bugs or 
 Heteroptera, 36 — Among two-winged flies or Dii)tera, 36 — 
 Among nerve- winged insects or Nouroptera, 37. 
 Parasites 38 
 
 Previous belief that none preyed on Aletia, 38 — Infesting the 
 egg, 38 — Infesting and issuing from the worm, 39 — Flesh flies 
 and Tachina flies, dilierences between them, 40-42 — Issuing 
 from the chrysalis, 42 — A parasite known but not named in 
 1852 — Ten distinct parasites infesting Aletia, and two other 
 Tindetermined species, 47. 
 
 12. Remedies : Means of coping with the insect 47 
 
 Favorable showing as to what has been accomplished in the 
 South since the war, 48. 
 
 Prevention 48 
 
 Modes of cultivation, 48 — Topping, 48 — Use of early varieties, 
 48 — Isolating fields, 48— Diversified agriculture, 49— Rotation 
 of crops, 49 — Protection of natural enemies, 49 — Early vs. late 
 planting, 49 — Interspersing corn with cotton, 49 — Jute, 49. 
 
 Mechanical means of killing the worms 49 
 
 Simple methods of brushing and dragging, 50. 
 Machines for brushing off the worms 50 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 245 
 
 1736. Riley, C. V.— Coutiuued. 
 
 12. Remedies: Means of Coping with the Insect — Coiitinnod. 
 
 The Ewiug bnisliiug nuicbiue, 50 — Tbo Helm bru8hiii<; machine, 
 51 — The Wood- Smith brushing miicbiiie, 52 — The Isko brush- 
 ing machine, 53 —Use of kerosene and coal oil with shallow 
 pans or cloth frames, 54. 
 
 Poisoning the worms 54 
 
 Impetus given to invention by the use of mineral poisons, 54 — 
 Value of concerted action. 54 — General principles to bo ob- 
 served in poisoning, 55 — Dry vs. wet applications, 55 — Advant- 
 age in being prepared, 55. 
 
 Arsenical compounds 55 
 
 Their value, 55 — Safe and harmless where carefully used, 55 — 
 Caution necessary, 56 — Antidote to arsenic poison, 56 — Paris 
 green, 56 — When first recommended against the cotton-worm, 
 56 — Its value, advantages, and disadvantages, 56 — Modes of 
 using it, 57 — Patents issued for Paris green mixtures, 57 — They 
 should be disregarded, 58 — Arsenic, 58 — It causes the squares 
 to fall, 58— Patent granted for its use in 1871, 51)— Johnson's 
 dead shot, 59— Arseniate of soda, 59— Texas cotton-worm de- 
 stroyer, 60 — Lodi pest poison, 60. 
 
 London purple 60 
 
 Its nature, and how produced, 60 — Its ethcaey as an insecticide, 
 60 — Analysis of, 60 — It proves a valuable poison for the worms, 
 61 — Cheaper than Paris green, 62— Its persistency, 62. 
 
 Pyrethrum powder 62 
 
 Its origin and nature, 62 — Its remarkable insecticide {jualities, 
 62— Most eft'ectual on the cotton-worm, 63— Perfectly harmless 
 to man, 63 — The extract of the plant has the same virtue, 63 — 
 Growth of the plant in California, 63 — Experiments conducted, 
 64 — The alcoholic extract very potent, 64 — Probable cost of 
 using it, whether as powder or extract, 65 — Highly encouraging 
 prospects from its use, 65. 
 
 Kerosene oil 65 
 
 It causes instant death to the worm, but is ditlicult to apjdy 
 without injuring the plant, 66 — Vaporized by meansof steam, 
 66 — Used as a soap. 66. 
 
 Cotton-seed oil - 66 
 
 Acts much as kerosene, 66 — Made into soap with ashes from hull 
 of seed, 66— Might be profitably used around oil factories, 66. 
 
 Carbolic acid 67 
 
 As a means of keeping otT the moth, 67— Will not kill the worm 
 without injuring the plant, 67. 
 
 Sulphur 67 
 
 Extracts or decoctions from various plants 67 
 
 Yeast ferment; fungus infection 6o 
 
 Proposition by Dr. Hagen, 6.-(— Dr. Bail's experiments, 68— Not 
 in accord with the leading mycologists, 68— Experiments with 
 beer-mash, 69 — With beer-mash anrl yeast ferment, 70. 
 
 Machines and contrivances for powdering '■* 
 
 Simple contrivance for mixing, 74 — Ordinary method of apply- 
 ing dry poison, 75 — Patented machines, 75 — Hand duster, 75 — 
 The Willie duster, 75— The Hurd blower, 76— Combined duster 
 
246 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 
 
 1736. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 12, Remedies: Means of Coping with the Insect — Continued. 
 
 and sprinkler, 78 — The Davis duster, 78 — The Levy duster, 
 79— The Taylor duster, 80— The Allen duster, 81— The Young 
 duster, 81 — The Goodheart duster, 81. 
 Machines and contrivances for sprinkling and spraying 81 
 
 Gray's hand sprinkler, 81 — The Ruggles sprinkler, 82 — The Ram- 
 sey sprinkler, 82 — The Taylor sprinkling apparatus, 83 — The 
 Townsend sprinkler, 83 — The Willie sprinkler, 84 — The Shanck 
 sprinkler, 84 — Peck's spray machine, 84 — Fountain pump, 85 — 
 Machines for spraying on a large scale, 85 — The Goodin sprink- ' 
 ler, 85 — The Yeager sprinkler, 86 — The Ruhmann sprinkler, 
 87 — The Johnson spray machine, 88 — The Warner saddle 
 sprinkler, 90 — The Binkley atomizer, 90 — The Schier atomizer, 
 91 — Ruhmaun's improved atomizer, 93— The Daughtry atom- 
 izer, 94. 
 Machines for applying vapors 97 
 
 The Steinmann vaporizer, 97 — The Pearl vapor generator, 99. 
 Destruction of the moth 100 
 
 Results so far not encouraging, 100 — Action must be taken early 
 In tlie season, 100. 
 Lamps for attracting the moth 100 
 
 Usually resorted to when too late to do practical good, 100 — 
 Fires, 100 — Ti'outle of keeping them up throughout the night, 
 101 — Beneficial insects killed by lamps and fires, 101 — Ad- 
 vantage of lamps, 101— The Garrett lamp, 101— The Binkley 
 lamp, 102— The McQueen lamp, 103— The Rigel lamp, 103— 
 The Walker lamp, 103— Simple form of lamp, 104— The Pugh 
 lamp, 104 — Lamps in motion, 105 — Le Blanc's cotton-moth 
 destroyer, 105— The Fordtran cotton-moth destroyer, 105. 
 Poisoned sweets and fluids as means of destroying the moth 106 
 
 Sweets attractive, 106 — Ripe fruits and melons often sufi'er, 106-^ 
 Baits that allure and kill, 106— Experiments with them, 107— 
 Moths less attracted during summer than in autumn, 107 — Lit- 
 tle inducement to use baits in autumn, 108 — They are most 
 beneficial in spring, 108 — White rags, 108— Theory of Dr. J. L. 
 Lupton, 108. 
 Appendix 109 
 
 Answers to circular from West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, 109 — 
 From Evergreen, Ala., Ill— From Henderson, Tex., 11.3— From 
 Hempstead, Tex., 115 — Different views as to hibernation and 
 mode of perpetuation of the insect, 116 — Answers to circular 
 from Livingston, Ala., 117 — From Parish of Concordia, La., 
 119 — From Natchitoches, La., 122 — From Jackson, Miss., 126 — 
 From Larissa, Tex., 127— From Perry County, Ala., 128— 
 From'Walterborough, S. C, 128— From Jamestown, Fla., 130— 
 From San Antonio, Tex., 131— From Kirk wood. Miss., 133— 
 From Woodville, Miss., 135. 
 
 1737. [Riley, C. V.] The 17-year Cicada in Iowa. <Amer. Ent., Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 25-26. 
 Review of C. E. Bessey on the 17-year Cicada in Iowa ; limits of the broods 
 of 1854-1871, 1861-1878, and 1862-1879 of Cicada [= Tibicen^ septendecem in 
 Iowa; occurrence of the last brood in Missouri; comparison of the distri- 
 bution of these broods with the distribution of timber trees. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 247 
 
 173S. [Riley, C. V.] Vogetal-feedinj? <?roiiii(l-beetlos. <Amer. Eiit, 
 February, 1880 fv. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 2(J. 
 
 Notes from various sources upon the phytophagous habits of Carabidcv. 
 
 1739. [Riley, C. Y.J The pear-leaf blister. <Ainer. Ent., February, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 2(). Notice: <Ibid., March, 1880 [v. 3], 
 11. s., V. 1, p. 74. 
 
 Review of T. J. Burrill's "The pear-leaf blister"; ravages of Tijphlodromua 
 piiri on loaves of pear-tree ; characters of this mite ; noxious habits of Ava- 
 rina, especially of rbijtoptns. 
 
 1740. [Riley, C. Y.J Fuller's rose-beetle in California. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 February, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 26. 
 Occurrence and ravages of Jramigu8 fulleri in California. 
 
 1741. [Riley, C.Y.J Lepidium vs. beA-hngs. <Amer. Ent, February, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 20. 
 Notice of S. M.'s " Lepiclium, the bod-bug destroyer ,: " Acanthia lectularia said 
 to be attracted to and killed by Lepidium sp, 
 
 1742. [Riley, C. Y.] Aniseed and grain weevils. <Araer. Ent., Feb- 
 
 ruary, 1880 [v. 3j, n. s., v. 1, p. 26. 
 Notice of reports that Calandra (jranaria were attracted I'rom grain to aniseed 
 and killed by it. 
 
 1743. Riley, C. Y. Two valuable insecticides. <Amer. Ent., Febru- 
 
 ary, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, pp. 41-45. 
 From Bull. No. 3, U, S. Ent. Commission, pp. 80-65. See No, 1736, for synop- 
 sis of contents. 
 
 1744. [Riley, C. Y.J Use of bucliwbeat to destroy insects, <Amer. 
 
 Ent., February, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 48. 
 Extract from " The Farmer" with remarks on the planting and plowing in 
 of buckwheat as a means against injurious insects. 
 
 17 j5. [Riley, C. Y.] Tipula eggs in stomach of cat-bird. <Amer. Ent., 
 February, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 50. 
 
 Answer to communication from S. A. Forbes; two kinds of eggs found in 
 stomach of cat-bird; these birds eat gravid females of Tipula. 
 
 17 16. [Riley, C. Y.[ Beetles supposed to be feeding on wheat. <Amer. 
 Ent., February, 1880 [v. 3|, n,s., v. 1, p. 50. 
 Answer to letter from P. 11. M. ; Jarva of Cryptorhopalum sp. supposed to have 
 injured grains of wheat, was probably feeding on the remains of true grain 
 insects; food-habits of larvie of Dennestida;. 
 
 1747. Riley, C. Y. The apple-twig borer. <Amer. Ent., February, 
 
 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, pp. 50-51, tigs. 11-12. 
 Answer to letter from H. G. Wolcott; habits, food-plants, and means against 
 Amphicerus licaudntiii): figure of male and female imago and of bored ap- 
 ple-twigs; habits and food-plants of Sinoxyloii. banillarc and of Bontrichus. 
 
 1748. [Rlley, C. Y.J Stinging caterpillars. <Aiuer. Ent., February, 
 
 1^80 [v. 3J, n. s., V. 1, p. 51. 
 
 Answer to letters from T. Pollard and G .W. S.; food-plants, general appear- 
 ance, vernacular name, urticating properties and description of imago of 
 Lagoa ojyercularis. 
 
248 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1749. Riley, C. V. A new genus of Proctrotrupidm. <Amer. Ent., 
 . February, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 52, figs. 13-14. Keview: 
 
 <^lbid., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 293. 
 Description and figures of Didictyum I = Hexaplastal zigzag n. g. et n. sp. 
 reared from chrysalis of Aletia argillaeea [_:= xylinaj. 
 
 1750. Riley, 0. V. Agricultural advancement in the United States. 
 
 <Farmer's Review, 1880, v. 4: 4 March, p. 153; 11 March, 
 p. 174. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 153-158. Notice: <Ibid., 4 March, 
 
 1880, p S.-b. No. 23, p. 150. Reprint: <Journ. Amer. 
 
 Agric. Assoc, April, 1881, v. 1, pp. 47-54. Separate of re- 
 print: <August, 1881, pp. 47-54. 
 Suggestions for the orgauizatiou of an agricultural association ; comparison 
 of the relations of government to the advancement of agriculture in Eng- 
 land, Germany, France, and the United States; necessary changes in the 
 United States Department of Agriculture. 
 
 1751. Riley, 0. V. Parasites of the. plum Curculio. <Farmer's Re- 
 
 view, 4 March, 1880, v. 4, p. — , 2 figs. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 169- 
 170. 
 
 Figures of larva, pupa, cocoon, and imagos of Sigalphus curculionis ; habits, 
 variations, usefulness, and dissemination of the same; habits, colors, and 
 seasons of Porizon [= Thersilochus'\ conotracheli. 
 
 1752. [Riley, C. V.] Trap[)ing the carpet-beetle. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 March, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 53-55, fig. 15. 
 Figures larva, pupa, and imago of Antliremis scrophulariw ; food-plants and 
 habits of imago and ravages of larva ; importation, distribution, vernacu- 
 lar names of and means against the same. 
 
 1753. [Riley, 0. V.] Silk-worm eggs: Silk culture. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 March, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 55. 
 Method of obtaining eggs of Sericaria mori and information on silk culture. 
 
 1754. [Riley, C. V.] [Hickory Scolytus.] <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 
 
 [v. 3j, n. s., V. 1, p. 58. 
 Occurrence of Scolytus qiiadrispinosus in Washington Territory. 
 
 1755. [Riley, C. V.] [Tenacity of life.] <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, p. 68. 
 Resistance of Cleonus sp. to the influence of various insecticides. 
 
 1750. [Riley, 0. V.] [Banais archippus.] <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 73. 
 Occurrence of a colorational variety on the island of Antigua. 
 
 1757. [Riley, C. V.] Reports of the TJ. S. Entomological Commission. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 73. 
 Method of obtaining the first report of the U. S. Entomological Commission. 
 
 1758. [Riley, C. v.] [Habits of the cotton-moth.] <Amer. Ent., March, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 74. 
 Request for information on the habits of the imago and the food-plants of the 
 larva of Aletia argillaeea i=xylina'] during March and April. 
 
 1759. [Riley, C. V.] Typhlodromus pyri. <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 74. 
 Reference to early account of the pear-leaf blister-mite. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 249 
 
 1760. [RlLEY, C. v.] Footl-habits of ground-beetles. <Amer. Ent., 
 March, 1880 [v. 3], ii. s., v. 1, p. 75. 
 Note oil request of S. A. Forbes for Carabidir found iii, situations suggesting 
 bcrbivorous habits. 
 
 17G1, fRiLEY, C. v.] Moths and butterflies caught by the tougue. 
 <Ainer. Ent., March, 1880 [v. 3], n. s,, v. 1, p. 75. 
 Notice of sevtiral articles on the capture of Noctuidw and Sphhigidw by the 
 llowers of Physiaiithus albens; capture of Sphingida by the flowers o( yerium 
 oleander and (Enothera grandiflora, and. of Syrphus sp. by the flowers of liidens 
 chryaanthemoides. 
 
 17C2. [Riley, C. V.] [Queen bees in the mails.] Arner. Ent., March, 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 75. 
 Circumstances under which queen bees may be sent by mail ; exclusion of 
 pinned insects from the same. 
 
 17G3. [RiLEY, C. v.] Common tiger-beetle. <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 
 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, pp. 77-78. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. L. Seney; habitat, distribution, and food-habits of 
 Cicindela repanda. 
 
 1704. [Riley, C. V.] Gall on Pelargonium. <Amer. Ent., March, 1880 
 (v. 3], U.S., V. l,p. 78. 
 Answer to letter from Mary Treat ; gall at base of Pelargonium probably made 
 by a mite; the Podur<s found in it were undoubtedly feeding on diseased 
 gall-tissue. 
 
 17G5. [Riley, C. V.J Catalogues and monographs of insects. <Amer. 
 Ent., March, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 78. 
 Answer to letter of P. S. B.; mention of monographic works and catalogues 
 of North American insects. 
 
 17GG. [Riley, C. V.] Leaf- hoppers injuring wheat fields. <Amer. 
 Ent., March, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 78. 
 , Answer to letter of R. L. B. ; habits and ravages of CieaduJa exitiosa, Diedro- 
 cephala flaviceps, and Jassus sp. in the southern United States, and of Jaaaua 
 aexnotatua in Europe; means against the same. 
 
 17G7. Riley, C. V. A new leaf-hopper injurious to small grain. 
 < Amer. Ent., March, 1880 [v. 3], n. a., v. 1, p. 78. 
 
 Descriittion of Diedrocephala flavice2)a n. sp. injurious to wheat and oats in 
 Texas in 1876. 
 
 17C8. Riley, C. V. The bird question dispassionately considered. 
 <Farmer's Review, 1 April, 1880, v. 4, p. lill. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 
 147-148. 
 Extract from E. Perris's "Birds vs. Insects," with introductorj' ; conclnsions 
 as to the value of birds in agriculture as destroyers of noxious insects. 
 
 17G9. Riley, C. V. The cotton-worm in the United States. <Amer. 
 Ent., April, 1880 [v. 3], U.S., v.l, pp. 93-95. Reprint, with slight 
 changes : <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1879, 23 February, 
 1881, V. 28, pp. 464-4GG. Separate of reprint : <Salem, Mass., 
 August, 1880, 3 pp. 
 Date and manner of first appearance of lame of Jhtia argiUacia [ = TyUnny, 
 number of annual generations and the existence of parasites upon it ; liis- 
 
250 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 176D EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 tory and reCutatiou of the annua! immigration theory; division of the 
 cotton belt into regions wherein, respectively, A. argillacea [=a;yKna] is 
 permanent and temporary ; food-habits and enemies of the same. 
 
 1770. [Riley, 0. v.] The migrations of butterflies. <Ainer.Eut., April, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 100-102, figs. 34-35. 
 Migratory flights of Lepidoptera supposed to be due to excessive multiplica- 
 tion of individuals and to a true migratory instinct ; direct ons, times, and 
 extent of migrations of Danais archippus ; explanation of the migratory 
 instinct; distribution of D. archippus and Pyrameis cardui; figures the 
 former and its manner of clustering. 
 
 1771. [Riley, 0. V.] Gouty gall on blackberry and raspberry canes. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 [v, 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 107. 
 Answer to letters of P. S., T. A. C, and J. W.; seasons, ravages of and means 
 against Agrilus 7'2tficollis. 
 
 1772. [Riley, C. V.] Sowing cotton seeds in hot-beds and transplanting 
 
 as a means of preventing injury from the cotton- worm. <Amer. 
 Ent., April, 1883 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 107. 
 Impracticability of W. J. W.'s suggestion as indicated in title. 
 
 1773. [Riley, C. V.] Not the cotton-moth. <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, p. 107. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of D. B. Woodbury; food-plants of Tohjpe vellcda. 
 
 1774. [Riley, C. V.] Moths caught in Alabama : Muscle-shaped bark- 
 
 louse on apple-trees South <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 [v. 3], 
 n. s., V. 1, pp. 107-108. 
 
 Mentions several insects received from J. F. Bailey, of Marion, Ala. ; larva of , 
 Papilio 2}liile»or feeds on Aristolochia; Bombus virginicus $ robs hives of ^^jis 
 melliflca; Mytilaspis pomicorticis \^^=pomorum'\ not before received from so 
 far south ; means against the same, 
 
 1775. [RiLEY^, 0. Y.| Chrysalides supposed to be those of Aletia. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 108. 
 Answer to letter of W. J. Jones ; pupse of Agrotis inermis [ = saMcia] and Pro- 
 denia lineatella from cotton field. 
 
 1776. [Riley, C. V.] Apple-twig borer. <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 [v. 
 
 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of T. V. M. ; occurrence and habits of Amphicerus bicau- 
 datiis. 
 
 1777. [Riley, C. V.] Clover-weevil. <Amer. Ent., April, 1880 [v. 3], 
 
 n. s., V. 1, p. 108. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of W. W. F. ; several "weevils" infest clover-seeds; Ry- 
 lesinus trifolii infests the roots and lower part of the stem. 
 
 1778. [Riley, C. V.] Effects of cold applied to the chrysalides of but- 
 
 terflies. <Amer. Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 110-111. 
 Notice of the experiments of W. H. Edwards ; effects of hibernation in the 
 chrysalis and imago states. 
 
 1779. [Riley, C. V.] Moth issuing from a larva. <Amer. Ent., May, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 114. 
 Notice of J. J. Weir on the issuance of Orgyia sp. from the larva withont 
 passing through the pupal stage. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 251 
 
 1780. [Riley, C. v.] The rose-slug. <Amer. Ent, May, 1880 [v. 3J, 
 
 n. s., V. 1, pp. 115-llC, figs. 42-43. 
 Doscription of eggs, larva', and imago, liiistory ami means against Selandria 
 1= MonoHfnjia'i rona- ; iigures, egg, larva-, imago, witli (h'talls of strncture, 
 and iiijurod leaf. 
 
 1781. [Riley, C. Y.] Dr. Asa Fitch. <Amer. Ent, May, 1880 [v. 3], 
 
 n. s, V. 1, pp. 121-123. 
 
 Biographical sketch of Asa Filch, with notice of his collection of insects and 
 his writings. 
 
 1782. [Riley, C. V.] Flea-beetle on young tobacco plants. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 123. 
 Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum eaten by Epih-ix hirti2>€nvig [ = Crepidodera par- 
 rula] and probably by E. [= C] eucumeris ; leaves of Solannm eaten by the 
 first named and by E. [= C] brevia; distribution of these and other species 
 of EpUr'ix [= Crepldoderal. 
 
 1783. [RiLEY, C. v.] The proboscis of the common house-fly. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 125. 
 Review of paper by G. Macloskie. 
 
 1781. [Riley, C. v.] Notes on South American Lepidoptera. <Amer. 
 Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 125-120. 
 Report of meeting of the Entomological Society of Loudon ; length of probo- 
 scis of and presence of scent organ in Sphingidw; perception of colors in 
 Bhopalocera ; secondary sexual character in Callidryaa und other genera; 
 according to R. Meldola the proboscis of MacrosUa chientius is 23.5"^'n ('JJ 
 inches) long. 
 
 1785. [Riley, C. V.] Floating apiaries. <Amer. Ent., May, 1880 [v. 
 3J, n. s., V. 1, pp. 126-127. 
 Notice of an iinsuccessful attempt to increase the product of an apiary by 
 floating it southward late in the season and back to the north in the spring, 
 on the Mississippi River. 
 
 1780. [Riley, C. V.] American Staphylinid(c wanted. <Amer. Ent., 
 May, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 127. 
 Notice of A. Fauvel's works on Staphylinida and his request for additional 
 material. 
 
 1787. [Riley, G. V.] Probable parthenogenesis in the Hessian fly, 
 
 <Amer. Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 127. 
 Review of paper l)y H. A. Hagen ; Cecidomi/ia dcslructor less injurious than 
 formerly in the older wheat-growing regions, its area of abundance iiaving 
 moved westward with the westward extension of wheat culture. 
 
 1788. [Riley, C. V.] Raspberries destroyed by weevils. <Ani('r. Ent., 
 
 May, 1880 [v. 3j, n. s., v. 1, p. 127. 
 Ravagesof OtiorhytidniH picipes in England ; warning against its introduction 
 into the United States. 
 
 1 788a. [Riley, C. V.] Cotton culture and the insects affecting the plant 
 at Bahia, Brazil. <Amer. Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, 
 pp. 12a-129. 
 Letter of R. A. Edes, with remarks on specimens sent. 
 
?52 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1789. [Riley, C. V.] Hemispherical larva at bottom of ant hill. <Amer. 
 
 Eiit., May, 18S0 jv. 3], d. s., v. 1, p. 129. 
 Answer to inquiry of D. S. Sheldon ; habitat of larva of Microdon glohosus. 
 
 1790. [Riley, C. V.] Chrysalides dug up in cotton field, mistaken for 
 
 those of the cotton-worm. <Amer. Ent., May, 1880 [v. 3], n. 
 s., V. 1, p. 129. ■ 
 Answer to letter of E. Worrel. 
 
 1791. [RiLEY, C. v.] Aleurodes on Oxalis. <Amer. Ent, May, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 129-130. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Conrad ; description of all stages of Aleurodes sp. 
 from leaves of Oxalis sp. 
 
 1792. [Riley, O. V.] Larvae in stomach of black-bass. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 130. 
 Answer to inquiry of S. A. Forbes ; two coleopterous larvjB from the stomach 
 of Micropterus salmoides ; one a dytiscid, the other perhaps a dascyllid. 
 
 1793. [RiLEY, C. v.] Insects from stomach of rock-bass. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 130. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes ; coleopterous larva from the stomach of 
 common sun-fish (Lejnojyomus pallidas) and rock-bass {Boccus lineatiis). 
 
 1794. [RiLEY, C. v.] New enemy to sugar-cane. <Amer. Ent., May, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n, s., v. 1, p. 130, fig. 48. 
 Answer to letter of D. Th. ; ravages of Ligyrus rufiiceps upon sugar-cane, 
 maize, and grasses ; recommends use of lamp and kerosene pan, and figures 
 one form of such apparatus. 
 
 1795. [RiLEY, C. v.] Parasites of the plum Curculio. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, pp. 131-132, figs. 49-50. 
 Answer to letter of W. S. Barnard ; quotes from 3d Ann. Kept. State Ent. 
 Mo., pp. 24-26 ; habits oi Sigalphus curculionis ; habits, varieties, and figures 
 of all stages of the same ; food-habits of Semasia [= Grapholitha] prunivora 
 on which the Sigai2)hus is parasitic. 
 
 179G. [RiLEi, C. v.] Blister-beetles from New Mexico. <Amer. Ent., 
 May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 132. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. ; Macrobasis albida common in the Southwest and 
 valuable as a vesicant; Diplotaxis not known to be a vesicant. 
 
 1797. [Riley, C. V.] Abnormal cocoon. <Amer. Ent., May, 1880 [v. 
 
 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 132. 
 
 Answer to letter of W. S. Barnard; occurrence of Callosamia [^ Attac%is'\ 
 promcthea and Orgyia antiqua at Ithaca, N. Y. ; description of abnormal 
 cocoon of the latter found on sugar-maple. 
 
 1798. [Riley, C. v.] Insects found about orange- trees. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 May, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 132. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. S. Barnwell ; list of insects from Darien, Ga. ; most 
 of them have no relation to orange trees; notes on Aphis sp., Chilocorus 
 biviilnerus, Sgrphus sp., Neodyhis eriithrocephalus, Drasferius amabilis, Plaiy- 
 nus punctiformis, Forjicula sp., GryllotaJpa borealis, and Fsocm venosus. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 253 
 
 1799. [Riley, C. V.] Luperus brunneus, Crotch. <Amer. Ent., May, 
 
 1880, [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 132. 
 LtipciHn )ioxiiin Riley M8S., is a pale form of L. brunneus; flescription of tbo 
 typical and other forms of the same; distiuctive characters of L. brutnttan 
 and L. morulua from other North Americau species and from each other ; 
 characters of the geuus Calomicrua, 
 
 1800. [Riley, 0. V.] Professor Riley on army- worms. <N. Y. Weekly 
 
 Suu, 20 June, 1880. S.-b. No. 2G, p. 89. 
 Interview with reporter; summary of present kuowledj^e of Lencania uni- 
 puncta. 
 
 1801. Riley, C. Y. Cotton-caterpillars. <Selma [Ala.] Times, 25 June, 
 
 1880. 
 
 1802. Riley, C. V. Notes on our commoner insects. <Araer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1880 fv. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 133, 134, figs. 51-52. 
 Description and figures of larva, pupa, cocoon, and imago of Arctiu [:= 
 Pyrrharctia'\ isabella; habits, seasons, food-plants, parasites, vernacular 
 names and variations of the same ; figure of Ophion macrurnm ; descriptions 
 of Ichneumon cwruleus, I. signatipes, and Trogus obsidianatov, description of 
 larva of Eepantheria scribonia. 
 
 1803. Riley, C , V. The white-grub fungus. < Amer. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 137-110, figs. 53-55. 
 Description and figures of Torrubia ravenelii and of its fructification ; forms 
 in which it occurs on larvae of Lachnosterna quercina \_ = fu8ca'] ; list of some 
 articles upon it; its synonymy and distribution ; listof related species and 
 their distribution; occurrence of related species on other insects. 
 
 3804. Riley, C. V. The true and the bogus Yucca moth, with remarks 
 on the pollination of Yucca. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3j, n. 
 s., V. 1, pp. 141-145. 
 
 History of observations on Prodoxus decipiens; habits, jiarasite, and food- 
 plants of the same ; evolution of Prodoxus and Pronuba ; criiicism of errors 
 resulting from mistaking Prodoxus deci2)iens for Pronuba yuccasflla ; failure 
 of Yucca angustifoUa to become fertilized in the absence of Pronuba yucva- 
 sella; Hyponomeuta quinquepunctella Chamhers is the same as Prorfoxus de- 
 cipieiis. 
 
 1805. [Riley, C.V.j Intermittance of phosphorescence in fire-flies. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 146. 
 
 Criticismof a discussion before the London Entomological Society; the winged 
 imagos of Lampyrida- can intermit their light ; the larvaj and wingless 
 imagos can suppress iheir light. 
 
 1806. [Riley, C. V.j Grain Aphis vs. rust. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. ], p. 147. 
 
 Ravages of Aphis accnw [Xectarophora granaria'} and of rust on wheat and oats 
 in Georgia ; the work of aphides promotes the growth of some kinds of 
 rust. 
 
 1807. [Riley, C. V.] Mold and Phylloxera. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3j, n. s., V. 1, p. 147. 
 Criticism of statements by Rommier; developintnt of mycelium on phyllox- 
 erized roots does not result in the destruction of the Phylloxera. 
 
254 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOG«Y. 
 
 1808. [Riley, C. v.] Infecting Phylloxera with fungus disease. <Amer. 
 
 Ent, June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 148. 
 
 Abstract of discussion, at meeting of Acaddmie des Sciences de Paris on tlie 
 infection of Phylloxera vastatrix by parasitic fungi ; particular fungi infect 
 oulj^ particular insects; method of experimentation to determine whicli 
 fungi to use and how to apply them ; improbability of success in these ex- 
 periments. 
 
 1809. [Riley, C. V.] Fungus in Cicada. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 
 
 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 148. 
 Notice of C. H. Peck's description and J. Leidy's note on Massospora clcadiiia ; 
 Cicada [= TiMcenI septendecim and C. [= T.] tredecim subject to the attacks 
 of the same. 
 
 1810. [Riley, C V.] On the nature of the phosphorescence of the glo w- 
 
 worm. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 148. 
 Conclusions drawn by Jousset deBellesme; probability that the phosphor- 
 escent substance is a gaseous product ; nature of phosphorescence. 
 
 1811. [Riley, G. V.] Death of mules caused by insects. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 148. 
 About (),00U mules reported killed in the Ouachita Valley, Louisiana, by the 
 attacks of Simulium sp. 
 
 1812. [Riley, C. V.] [May beetles swarming in Alabama.] <Ami'r. 
 
 Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 148. 
 Abundance and ravages of Lachnosterna querclna \^^fu8ca'] on oak-trccs 
 around Mobile, Ala., in May, 1880. 
 
 1813. [RiLEY, C. V.j Fungus diseases of beneficial insects. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 149. 
 Abstract of communication by C. Brongniart and Max Cornu on an epizootic 
 among Syrphus mellinus caused by a species of Entomopkthora; almost nil 
 insecticides liable to the objection that they kill useful as well as uosioiis 
 insects. 
 
 1814. [Riley, C. v.] Early appearance of cotton- worm. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 149. 
 Extracts from letter of J. M. Bell and from the Goliad [Tex.] Guard and 
 from G. Witting on the date of appearance of Alefia argillacea \_=xylina^ 
 in Texas. 
 
 1815. [Riley, C. V.] The butterfly tongue. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 149. 
 Notice of and extract from paper by E. Burgess ; conclusions as to the man- 
 ner in which butterflies imbibe their liquid food. 
 
 1816. [Riley, C. V.] Cottony maple scale. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 149. 
 Notice of J. D. Putnam on Pulvinaria innumerabilis. 
 
 1817. [Riley, C. V.] Necrological. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3], n. 
 
 s., V. 1, p. 150. 
 
 Obituary notices of E. A. H. v. Kiesenwetter, S. C. Snellen van Volleuhovon, 
 and F. L. de Laporte. 
 
 1818. [RiLEY, C. v.] Effects of severe cold on insects. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1880 [V. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 150. 
 A steady even if severe winter not prejudicial to insect life. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 255 
 
 1819. [Riley, C.V.J Revision of the Lamppidcc. <ATner. Ent., June, 
 
 1880fv. 3], n. s., V. l,p. 150. 
 Notice of H. S. Gorham'a work ou tho Lampuriihv aud bis rotiuest for addi- 
 tional material. 
 
 1820. [Riley, C. V.] Apple-twig borer. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 
 
 3], u. s., V. 1, p. 151, 
 
 Answer to inquiry of A. S. H. ; occurrence ui Amphicerus bicaudatua ou apple- 
 trees iu Virginia. 
 
 1821. [RiLEY,C.V.] Grape-vine flea-beetle. <Anu'r. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3J, n. s., V. 1, pp. 152-15.:>. 
 Answer to letter of J. Nilis; ravages oi" Gniptodvra \_— llaltical^ chali/bca on 
 grape-vines in Pennsylvania. 
 
 1822. [RiLEY, C. v.] Cyuipid gall on oak twigs. <Amer. Ent, June, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, J). 153, tig. 5G. 
 Answer to letter of J. A. Warder; figure of gall of Cynips (n. sp.T) from twig 
 of Quercus prinus var. acumitiata; comparison of this gall with that of C. 
 [= JndricMs] q.-punctaia ; the flies bred from these galls issue in spring and 
 are all females, but probably have a bisexual form producing a different 
 gall. 
 
 1823. [Riley, C. V.] White-grub fungus. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 31, n. s., V. 1, p. 153. 
 
 Answer to letter of H. S.; occurrence of Torrubia ravenelii at lola, Kans. 
 
 1824. [Riley, C. V.] Galerita janus. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880 [v. 3J, 
 
 n. s., V. 1, p. 153, fig. 57. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. D. M. Fair; distribution, habitat, transformations, 
 and seasons of Galerita janus ; figure of larva of G. Iccoiitei. 
 
 1825. [Riley, C. V.] Not Fuller's rose-beetle. <Anier. Ent., June, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 153-154, fig. 58. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. Stewart ; habits and synonymy of Agonoderus comma 
 l=pallipes'] ; figure of the same. 
 
 182G. [Riley, 0. V.] Not Aletia chrysalides. <Amer. Ent, June, 
 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 154. 
 Answer to letter of G. P. White; ipupsb of Jgrotis aaucia from cotton fields; 
 food-habits of larva; ravages of Aletia argillacca l^xylina} at Brown Sta- 
 tion, Ala., in August, 1879. 
 
 1827. [Riley, C. V.] Mud-wasp and parasite. <Amer. Ent., June, 
 
 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 154, figs. 59-GO. 
 Answer to inquiries of Mary Treat ; nidification of several species of Odynerua ; 
 food-habits of O. bircnimaculatua ; figure of 0. flavipea aud of a nest of Ody- 
 nerua sp.; figure of Cryptua junceua. 
 
 1828. [Riley, C. V.] Monographs again. <Amer. Ent., June, 1880, 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 154-155. 
 Answer to letter of C. D. Marsh; references to works. Elateridw, Curculio- 
 nidif and Coccidce. 
 
 1829. [Riley, C. V.] Rearing wood-borers. <Auier. Ent., June, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 155. 
 Answer to letter of W. H. Harrington; directions for rearing larvie which 
 bore in wood or under bark. 
 
256 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1830. Riley, 0. V. Oa a new tiueid genus allied to Pronuha, Riley. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., June, 1880, [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 155-150. 
 Description of Prodoxus n. g. [p. 155] of Tineina and of larva, pupa, and 
 imagos of P. decipiens n. sp. [p. 155]. 
 
 1831. Riley, O. V. A parasite on Prodoxus decipiens. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 June, 1880, fv. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 156. 
 Description of larva and imago of Exothecua prodoxl n. sp. ; habits of larva. 
 
 1832. Riley, C. V. How to manage the cotton-worm : Suggestions to 
 
 cotton planters. <Farmer's Review, 8 July, 1880. S.-b. I:fo. 
 24, p. 68. 
 
 Means against Aletia xylina. 
 
 1833. [Riley, C. V.] The cotton-worm investigation. <Selraa [Ala.] 
 
 Morning Times, 21 July, 1880, v. 55, No. 190, p. 3. Reprint : 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 197. 
 List of persons engaged in the cotton- worm investigation ; statement of work 
 to be done by each. 
 
 1834. [Riley, C. V.] A foe to cotton wood. <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 159-161, figs. 61-64. Extract: <Suppl. 
 to Amer. Ent, July, 1880, p. 1. 
 Description of egg, larva, and imago and figures of all stages of Melasoma 
 [= Hna'\ scripta ; description and figures of variations of the imago ; habits, 
 ravages, seasons, food-plants, and means against the same ; figure of M. 
 [=i.] lappon'ica and of larva of M. [=L.'\ pojyuli', description of these 
 larvae and of that of M. [=:£.] tremulie; food-plants and distribution of 
 these species ; acquisition of new habits by insects. 
 
 1835. [Riley, C. V.] The northern army-worm. <Amer. Eut., July, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 170-171, figs. 72-75. 
 Ravages of Leucania unipuncta in 1880; natural history, means against, de- 
 scription, and figures of all stages of the same. 
 
 1836. [Riley, C. v.] The periodical Cicada. <Amer. Ent.. July, 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 172-173, fig. 76. 
 Broods of Cicada [^ Ti&icen] septendecim and (7. [= T.] tredecim which appear 
 
 in 1880. 
 
 1837. [Riley, C. V.] Use of guano for grape Phylloxera. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 173. Reprint : <Suppl. to 
 Amer. Ent., July, 1880, p. 2. 
 Application of suljihide of carbon with infusorial earth or guano. 
 
 1838. [Riley, C. v.] Fertilizers of alpine flowers. < Amer. Ent., July, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 175. Reprint : <Suppl. to Amer. Ent., 
 July, 1880, p. 2. 
 Relative frequency, according to H. Miiller, of the visits of insects to flowers 
 in high alpine regions as compared with such visits at lower levels. 
 
 1839. [Riley, C. V.] Carnivorous habits of caddis-worms. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 176. 
 Notice of paper by G. C. Goody. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY: 257 
 
 1840. [Riley, C. V.j Deveiopmeot of the eyes and liimiuosity in the 
 
 fireflies. <Amer. Eut., July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p! 176. 
 Abstract of H. S. Gorhaui's observations. 
 
 1841. [Riley, C. Y.] Grape Phylloxera not at the Cape. <Amer. 
 
 Eiit., July, 1880 [v. 3], ii. s., v. 1, p. 176. Reprint : <Suppl. to 
 Anier. Eut., July, 1880, p. 1. 
 Examiuatiou of roots of unhealthy vines by R. McLachlau and R. Trimen 
 show that the disease of the vines is not caused by rhylloxera vaatatrix. 
 
 1842. [Riley, C. Y.J [Bill providing for the extermination of insects.] 
 
 < Amer. Eut., July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 170-177. 
 Text of and comments ou a bill introduced into the California Assembly, pro- 
 viding for the esterminatiou of insects. 
 
 1843. [Riley, C. Y.] [Appropriation for the U. S. Entomological Com- 
 
 mission.] <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, ji. 177. 
 
 Notice of the appropriation by Congress of $25,000 for completing the work 
 of the U. S. Entomological Commission. 
 
 1844. [Riley, C. Y.] Pronuba vs. Prodoxus. <Amer. Ent., July, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 177-178. 
 
 Comments on letter of V. T. Chambers. 
 
 1845. [Riley, C. Y.] Interesting cotton-worm notes from Yera Cruz, 
 
 Mexico. <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 179. Re- 
 print with slight omission : <Suppl. to Amer. Ent, July, 1880, 
 p. 3. 
 
 Letters from S. T. Trowbridge and R. de Zayas Enriquez, with notes on the 
 irregular occurrence of Aletia argillacea \_^=xylitia'\ in Vera Cruz. 
 
 1840. [Riley, C. Y.J Clover root borer. <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 
 [v. 3], n. 8.,. V. 1, pp. 179-180, fig. 81. Reprint: <Suppl. to 
 Amer. Ent., July, 1880, p. 4. See : <Prairie Farmer, 31 July, 
 1880. S.-b. ifo. 45, p. 15. 
 Answer to letter of W. A. Henry ; description and figures of larva, papa, 
 and imago of Hylesinus trifolii; ravages, habits, and means against the 
 same. 
 
 1847. [Riley, C. Y.J Mud-wasp and spider egg-nest. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 180, figs. 82-84. . 
 Answer to letter of Mary Treat ; figures of cells and of imago of Eumenea fra- 
 /ern«, which stores its cells with larvic of Pahacrita rernata; figure and 
 descriptions of egg-nests of Epeira sp. 
 
 1848. [Riley, C. Y.J Worm in joints of wheat. <Amer. Ent., July, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 180-181, fig. So. Reprint: <Suppl. 
 to Amer. Ent., July, 1880, p. 4. 
 
 Answer to letter of J. K. P. Wallace; ravages of an unknown, apparently 
 hymenopterous, larva in wheat stalks ; figure of larva and pupa of Meromyza 
 americana and of stalks injured by the same. 
 
 1849. [Riley, C. V.J Linden and ash destroyers. <Amer. Ent., July, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 181. Reprint: <Suppl. to Amer. Ent., 
 July, 1880, p. 4. 
 17 ent 
 
258 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1849. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Answer to letter of Shelby Reed ; season of appearance of Odontota rubra on 
 Tilia; larvae of Hyphantria textor [=cHnea] feeding on the same; Saperda 
 calcarata boring in poplar, and an unknown larva {NeocUjtus caprceaf) bor- 
 ing in black-ash. 
 
 1850. [Riley, C. V.] Larva boring along the axis of apple-twigs. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., July, 18S0 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 181. 
 Answer to letter of T. V. Munson; twigs of apple-trees bored by larvte of 
 Oberea sp. ? 
 
 1851. [Riley, C. V.] Aquatic larvse. <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3], 
 
 n. s., V. 1, p. 181. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes; larvaj of Anax Junius and PaluKjenla 
 \j= Rexagenia'\ 6j7inea/a named ; the latter common in the stomach of fishes. 
 
 1852. [Riley, C. V.] First appearance of cotton-worm in prairie belt. 
 
 Amer. Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 181. Reprint: 
 <Suppl. to Amer. Ent., July, 1880, pp. 3-4. 
 
 Answer to letter of J. F. Bailey ; larvae of Aletia argillacea [=x^Zi»a] appear 
 first on lands where the cotton is luxuriant. 
 
 1853. [Riley, C. V.j (tj/H^ms larva ; terrestrial insects in stomach of 
 
 shad. <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3J, u. s., v. 1, p. 182. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes; character of latva of Gyrinus; a mass of 
 terrestrial insects including TypMocyba vitis'? a muscid, a Eurytomid, Jassus 
 sp., Triphlcps insidiosus, and other species from the stomach of Ohio shad. 
 
 1854. Riley, 0. V. Further remarks on the differences between Pro- 
 
 miba and Frodoxus. <Amer. Ent., July, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v: 1, 
 p. 182. 
 
 Differences between Pronuba yuccasella and Frodoxus dedpiens in the form, 
 sculpture, and color ot the terminal joint, and of the ovipositor. 
 
 1855. [Riley, C. V.] The grape-vine flea-beetle, Graptodera chalyhea 
 
 lllig. <Amer. Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 183- 
 184, fig. 86. 
 Habits, seasons, ravages of, and means against Grapfodera \_^= RalticaJ 
 chalybea; figures, injured leaf, and larvse, cocoon, and imago of the same. 
 
 1856. Riley, C. V. Further notes and observations on the army- 
 
 wormi <Amer. Ent., 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1: August, pp. 184, 
 185; Sei)tember, pp. 214, 215. Reprint, with changes : <Sci. 
 Amer., 4 September [v. 57J, n. s., v. 43, p. 152. S.-b. ^o. 23, 
 pp. 161-162. 
 Progress of knowledge upon the number of annual generations of Leucania 
 unipuncta ; stages of growth at which it hibernates; the destructive gen- 
 eration probably not the first of the season ; explanation of the partial 
 efficacy of the burning of fields in winter as a means against this insect; 
 connection of wet and dry seasons with its increase ; its natural habits; 
 errors of A. Fitch. 
 
 1857. [Riley, C. V.] Sprinklers and atomizers. <Amer. Ent., 1880 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1; August, pp. 185-189, figs. 87-98; September, 
 pp. 211-214, figs. 111-117. 
 Extracts from pp. 56-5T and reprint of pp. 85-94 of Bull. No. 3, U.S. Ento- 
 mological Commission. See No, 1736 for synopsis of contents. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 259 
 
 1858. EiLEY, C. V. The use of pyretbrum. <Amer. Ent, August, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, pp. 193-195. 
 Reconl of ox|>eriinents by \V. A. Henry upon the efifect of Pyrethrum powder 
 on JIalthiihv, Meluida; I'inin rajxr, Coreiis l=Aiiasa'] triads, and Blattidce; 
 aud of (be fumes of bizruiug pyretbrum on various insects. 
 
 1859. [Riley, C. Y.] [Colorado potato-beetle iu New Hampshire.] 
 
 <Amer. Eut., August, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, i). 195. 
 Ravages of Duryphora lO-lineata in Coos County, N. H., in 1^79. 
 
 18G0. |RiLEY', C.V.] Retarded development in a blister-beetle. <Amer. 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 19G. 
 Final transformations of individuals from a single batcb of eggs of Epicauta 
 rittata occurring at the first, second, and third year after hatcbiug. 
 
 1801. [Riley, C. V.] Ox-eye daisy as an insecticide. <Amer. Eut., 
 August, 1880 [v. 3j, u. s., v. 1, p. 190. 
 Experiments by W. S. Barnard npou the effect of alcoholic extracts of the 
 flowers and stems of the ox-eye daisy on insects ; ''no evidence that they 
 will prove of any practical value." 
 
 1862. [Riley, C. v.] Directions for raising pyrethrum. <Amer. Eut., 
 August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 197. 
 Directions for sowing the seeds and cultivating the plants of pyrethrum. 
 1^63. [RiLEY, C. v.] State Entomologist for New York. <Amer. 
 Eut., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 197, 198. 
 Notice of the appointment of J. A. Lintner as State Entomologist of New 
 York. 
 
 1804. [RiLEY", C. Y.] Economic investigations in the South and West. 
 <Amer. Eut., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 198. 
 Meeting of the U. S. Entomological Commission ; plan of work to be done in 
 lcJ80-1881 ; partial list of persons engaged in the work. 
 
 1865. [RiLEY, C. Y.] [Number of entomologists in Europe.] <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 198. 
 Tabulation of the number of entomologists of the several countries of Europe. 
 
 1866. [RiLEY, C. Y.] [Catalogus coleopterorum by Gemmiuger and 
 
 Harold.] <Amer. Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 199. 
 Commendation of the above work and of the supplementary list of Elateridce 
 by E. Candezer need of co-operation for the completion of the whole cata* 
 logue. 
 
 1867. [RiLEY, C.Y.] Caruivorouspropensityot plant-feeders. <Anier. 
 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, j). 200. 
 LarviE of Pluaia hrasaictv devour those of Pieris mpw and I'ionea rimoaalia iu 
 default of more natural food. 
 
 1868. [RiLEY, C. Y.] Beetles injuring cabbages and fuchsias. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 200, fig. 106. 
 Answer to letter of G. T. ; ravages, distribution, and figures of Epiarrua 
 imbricatua; description of eggs, ravages, food-plants, aud means against 
 Grapiodera \_ = Haliica'\ crhiata. 
 
 1869. [RiLEY, C. Y.] Spider and nest. <Amer. Ent., August, 1880, 
 
 [v. 3], n. s., V. 1, p. 200. 
 Answer to letter of Mrs. J. B. Harrison ; distribution and distinctive charac- 
 ters of Jcroaoma vkllatum. 
 
260 BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1870. [Riley, C. V.] Damage to wheat : Worm boring in the stalk. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 201. 
 Answer to letter of A, R. Frost ; food-plants and ravages of larva and figure 
 of larva and imago of Gortyna nitela. 
 
 1871. [Riley, C. v.] Larvte from stomach of blue-bird. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 201. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes ; larva of Meracantha contracta and of Calli- 
 morpha sp. from stomach of blue-bird ; liabita and characters of the same. 
 
 1872. [Riley, C. V.] Butterfly larva injurious to cotton squares. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 201. 
 Answer to letter of B. F. Cooke: larva of Tliecla (pceas^) feeding on leaves 
 and bolls of cotton-plant; a species of Microgaster parasitic in the larva. 
 
 1873. [Riley, C. V.J Cut- worms from stomach of robin. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 201. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes ; larvse of Agrotis (messorial) from stomach 
 of robin ; Agrotis cochrani^^A. messoria. 
 
 1874. [Riley, C. V.] Large phosphorescent larva. <Amer. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 201-202, fig. 108. 
 Answer to letter of S. F. Clarke ; occurrence in Maryland and Missouri of a 
 luminous larva(J7'f?aHflc/essp. 1)[^^= Phengodes 8p.'\ ; figures of the larva, of its 
 head and leg enlarged and of its probable parent; occurrence in the more 
 northern States of a similar larva, probably that oi AsapJies memnoniua. 
 
 1875. Riley, C. V. Worms injuring wheat. <Amer. Ent., August, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 202. 
 Answer to letter of J. Monaghan ; ravages of larva of Meromyza americana. 
 
 1876. Riley, C.V. Ash-root borer: Supposed eggsofOfZowfo^a. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 202-203. 
 Answer to letter of Shelby Reed ; habits and ravages of Parandra brunnea; 
 Pimpla sp. parasitic upon its larva; probable manner in which the eggs of 
 Odontota rubra are laid. 
 
 1877. [Riley, C. V.] Army- worm notes and inquiries: Its work on 
 
 ciover. <Amer. Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 203. 
 Answer to letter of L. T. Derousse ; Lcucania unipuucta frequently leaves 
 clover-plants untouched while eating the grasses growing with the clover, 
 but under some circumstances destroys young clover-plants. 
 
 1878. [Riley, C. V,] Ichneumon from stomach of bluebird. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1. p. 203. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes ; Lampronotas^. eaten in quantity by blue- 
 birds. 
 
 1879. [Riley, 0. Y.] Leaf miner on white oak. <Amer. Ent., August, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 203. 
 Answer to letter of E. W. Claypole; description, habits, and ravages of Litho- 
 coUetis cincinnatiella. 
 
 1880. [Riley, 0. V.] Screw-worm : Its parentage in doubt. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., August, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 203. 
 Answer to letter of A. R. Kilpatrick: Lucilia maceUaria supposed to be the 
 parent of the "screw- worm"; food-habits of certain MuscidcB. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 261 
 
 1881. [Riley, C. v.] Silk culture: How to dispose of cocoons. <Ainer. 
 
 Eut., August, 1880 |v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 203-201. 
 Auswer to letter of C. F. Durksen ; need of silk-tilatures iu the United States; 
 present means of selling cocoons. 
 
 1882. [RiLEY, C. V.J Best cottou-worm destroyer. <Amer. Ent., Au- 
 
 gust, 1880 [v. 3], 11. s., V. 1, p. 204. 
 Answer to letter of J. G. Dauterive ; reference to the most reliable poison and 
 the best machines and methods for applying poison to kill Jletia argillacea 
 
 1883. [RiLEY, C. Y.J Twice-Stabbed lady-bird. <Amer. Ent., August, 
 
 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 201, fig. 109. 
 Answer to letter of H. N. Patterson; CoccineUida- beneficial by feeding on 
 Aphididw and Coccida-; figure of Chilocorm bivulnenis; significance of the 
 presence of this beetle in large numbers on trees. 
 
 1881. [RiLEY, C. V.J Pseudo-scorpion. <Amer. Eut., August, 1880 
 [v. 3J, n. s., V. 1, p. 204. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of C. H. S. Davis ; habitats and food-habits of Cheli/er can- 
 croides and other Chernetidw. 
 
 1885. [Riley, C. V.J Bluebirds feeding on parasitic and predaceous 
 insects. <Amer. Ent, August, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, pp. 204- 
 205. 
 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forbes ; bluebirds more destructive to parasitic and 
 predaceous insects than the thrushes; percentage of such food found iu the 
 stomachsof the bluebird; larv* of Z,e«caH(« unipuiicta, Ttlephorushilineatua, 
 and Xephelodes violans eaten by the same; probable hibernation of the first 
 named ; habits, hibernation, distribution, and popular name of the Nephelo- 
 des. 
 
 188G. Riley, C.V. The cotton destroyers. <yew Orleans Democrat, 21 
 September, 1880, v. 5, Ko. 276, p. 8. S.-b. Xo. 23, pp. 170-173. 
 Reprint: <Selma [Ala.J Times, 29 September, 1880. <South- 
 ern Enterprise [Atlanta, Ga.J, December, 1880, v. 5, pp. 77-82. 
 S.-b. No. 23, pp. 184-189; No. 61, pp. 3-5; No. 63, pp. 57-59; 
 60-02. Reprint, with slight changes: <Proc. Auier. Assoc. 
 Adv. Sci. for 1880, 14 October, 1881, v. 29, pp. 642-649. Sepa- 
 rate: <Salem, July, 1881, pp. 26-33. Extract: <Sci. Amer., 16 
 October, 1880 [v. 57J, u. s , v. 43, p. 241. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 159- 
 160. <Amer. Ent., October, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s.. v. 1, pp. 245-247. 
 <Praifie Farmer, 30 October, 1880, v. 51, No. 44, p. 2. S.-b. No. 
 23, p. 153. Abstract: <Farmer's Review, 7 October, 1880. S.-b. 
 No. 23, pp. 102-163. <Jouru. Appl. Sci., November, 1880, v. 
 11, pp. 170-171. 
 Facts and principles established by the U. S. Entomological Commission, ap- 
 plicable to the whole cotton belt, regarding the times and manner of first 
 appearance of Aletia arrjiUacea [=:x»//ina] and IlcJiothix armigira upon the 
 cotton-plant; habits of the larvae and imagos and the best means of de- 
 stroying the same; relative efficacy of several insecticides; methods of 
 preparing and applying the same; importance of early poisoning ; main 
 object of the cotton-worm inquiry accomplished. 
 
262 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1887. [EiLEY, C. v.] The use of poisons to destroy insects. <Farmer^s 
 Keview, 23 September, 1880, v. 5, p. 200. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 
 148-149; 165-166. Reprint: <Amer. Ent., October, 1880 [v. 
 3], D. s., V. 1, p. 244 
 Advocacy of the use of Paris green and London purple as means against cer- 
 tain insects ; danger of the use of the same against many insects ; criticism 
 of A. J. Cook's recommendation for their use against Paria aterrima and 
 Carpocapsa pomoneUa ; limitations within which they may be used. 
 
 1S88. [EiLEY, C. v.] Supplementary instructions to agents of the 
 United States Entomological Commission. <Amer. Ent., Sep- 
 tember, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 218. 
 Call for experiments to ascertain the minimum quantity of poisons which can 
 be used eifectually against ^ieiia ar^iiZacea [=x]/?i»ia]; effect of poisons 
 on the several stages of this insect ; food-plants, parasites, and enemies of 
 the same ; effect of yeast ferment upon it. 
 
 1889. Riley, C. V. Dimorphism in locusts {Acrididce). <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 219-220. 
 Review of paper by S. H. Scudder ; certain forms described as species of 
 Pezotettix are dimorphic forms of Caloptenus ; extract from 8th Ann. Rept. 
 State Ent. Mo., 1876, p. llf). 
 
 1890. [Riley, 0. V.] A scale insect on maple hitherto unobserved by 
 
 American entomologists. <Amer. Ent., September, 1880 [v. 
 3], n. s., V. 1, pp. 220-221. 
 Notice of paper by Miss E. A. Smith, with emended reprint of a portion of the 
 same ; habits, colors, and behavior of young larvae and transformations of 
 the male of Pseudococcus aceris. 
 
 1891. [Riley, C. V.] How flight in insects is directed. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 221. 
 Abstract of paper by Jousset de Bellesme ; direction of flight not determined 
 by the motion of the wings, but principally by the displacement of the 
 center of gravity, resulting from the changes of position of other parts of 
 the body. 
 
 1892. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological work at the Department of Agri- 
 
 culture. <Amer. Ent., September, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 222. 
 Notice of the continuation of the appropriations by Congress for field-work 
 and experiments in the entomological division of the U. S. Department of 
 Agriculture. 
 
 ] 893. [Riley, C. V.J Entomological papers read before the A. A. A. S. 
 <Amer. Ent., September, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 223. 
 Titles of twenty-eight [28] papers read at the Boston meeting. 
 
 1894. [Riley, C. Y.] Entomologists at Boston. <Amer. Ent., Sep- 
 
 tember, 1880 [y. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 223. 
 Notice of the 29th meeting of the A. A. A. S. at Boston, August-September, 
 
 1880. 
 
 1895. Riley, 0. V. Winged Phylloxera in California. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, pp. 224-225. 
 
 , Letter from J. S. Hyde, with remarks; extracts from papers by E. W. Hil- 
 gard ; winged fertile females ot Phylloxera tiastatrix found in California ; 
 local evidence of the spread of this insect; means of eradicating the same. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 263 
 
 18%. [Riley, C. Y.] Worm infesting meal sacks. <Amer. Ent., Sep- 
 tember, 1880 [v. oj, n. s., V. 1, p. 229. 
 Answer to letter t»t' J. Grccuwood, jr. ; (k-scriptiou of larva and iniajjo of 
 Kphtstia zeco {_=interpunctdla'\ ; food-habit8 of the larva. 
 
 1897. [Riley, C. V.J Uesperid larva feeding on Cann«. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 229. 
 Answer to letter of N. S. Reed ; occurrence of Pamphila ethliuH in Illinois and 
 South Carolina; ita larva injurious to Canna JIaccida. 
 
 1898. [Riley, C. v.] Grape-vine apple-gall. <Amer. Ent., September, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, p. 229, fig. 119. 
 
 Answer to letter of A. R. McCutchen ; occurrence of Cecidomyia ? rilix-pDuntm 
 and of Cahsoma scrutator in Georgia; iigures gall of the tirst named; food- 
 habits of the Calosoma. 
 
 1899. [Riley, C. v.] Apple-tree plant-lice in Oregon., <Amer. Ent., 
 
 September, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 229-230. 
 Answer to letter of H. B. May; occurrence and ravages of J|)/i is nia/j ? in 
 Oregon ; means against the same. 
 
 1900. [Riley, C. V.] Phylloxera work. Wood-lice on grape-vine roots. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., September, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 230. 
 Answer to letter of H. B. Trimble; occurrence of Pliylloxera rastatrix atWeat 
 Chester, Pa.; roots of grape-vines destroyed from unknown cause, perhaps 
 by young of Phyhscia or Porcellio. 
 
 1901. EiLEY, C. V. New hickory galls made by Phylloxera. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., September, 18^0 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 230. 
 Description of Phylloxera earyw-scissan. sp. and P. carya'-aveUana n. sp. from 
 Florida; larva oi Diplosis found in the galls. 
 
 1902. EiLEY, C. V. Food-habits of the longicorn beetles or wood-borers. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1 ; October, pp. 237-239 ; No- 
 vember, pp. 270-271. 
 Food-plants and food-habits of the Prionidw and Cerambycidw of the United 
 States. 
 
 1903. [Riley, C. v.] Additional experiments with Pyrethrum. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., October, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 242. 
 Details of experiments made by H. G. Hubbard on the effect of very minute 
 quantities of Pyrethrum powder on very young larvx of Aletia aryillacea 
 [^^xylina']. 
 
 1904. [PtiLEY, C. Y.J A new enemy to the strawberry. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 October, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 242-243, fig. 121. 
 Review of paper by A. J. Cook ; extracts fronj tbo same ; description and 
 habits of larva and imago of Paria aterrhna ; means a^'ainst the imago; 
 habits of larva of Colaspin jlavida ; figure of the same ; number of segments 
 and spiracles in larvji; of Coleoptera. 
 
 1005. [Riley, 0. Y.J A new enemy to corn : The long-homed Diabrotka. 
 <Amer. Ent, October, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 247. 
 Notice of recent articles on the ravages of the larva of Diabrotica longicomi»; 
 food-habits and n>eans against the same; food-luibits of /^rnsftrJHS amabiltH. 
 
 190G. [Riley, C. Y.J Phylloxera congress in Spain. <Amer. Ent., Octo- 
 ber, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 247. 
 Notice of a congress to be held in S|)aiu to consider all topics connected with 
 the ravages oi Phylloxera vaatatrix. 
 
264 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1907. [Riley, C. V.] The grape Phylloxera not permanently destrucHve. 
 
 < Amer. Eut., October, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 248. 
 Recovery of grape-vines formerly injured by Phylloxera vastatrix in California 
 and Missouri ; belief that in Europe grape-vines will be grown again on 
 the lands of late years ravaged. 
 
 1908. [Riley, C. V.] Sale of silk- worm eggs. <Amer. Ent., October, 
 
 1880 [v. 3], u. s., V. 1, p. 248. 
 $6,000,000 worth of silk-worm eggs sent from Japan to France via San Fran- 
 cisco in each of the four years 1874-1877. 
 
 1909. [Riley, C. Y.] [Death of S. S. Haldeman.] <Amer. Ent., Oc- 
 
 tober, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, p. 248. 
 Obituary notice. 
 
 1910. [Riley, C. Y.] [Retirement of Mr. Fuller.] <Amer. Ent., Oc- 
 
 tober, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 248. 
 Announcement of the retirement of A. S. Fuller as assistant editor of the 
 American Entomologist. 
 
 1911. [RiLEY, C. Y.] Insect enemies of growing rice. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 October, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 253. 
 Answer to letters of J. L. Leconte and J. Screven ; ravages of and means 
 against the "grub" [^=^ Chalepus trachypygu8'\ and the "maggot" [_^=Lis- 
 sorhoptrus simplex'] in rice fields in Georgia. 
 
 1912. [RiLEY, O. Y.] Blind-eyed Smerinthus. <Amer. Ent., October 
 
 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 254. 
 Answer to inquiry of Mrs. J. B. Harrison ; occurrence at lamp-light in N. H. 
 of Smerinthus exccecatus; food-plant of the larva of the same. 
 
 1913. [Riley, C. Y.] White waxy secretion on stems of bitter-sweet. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 254. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. A. Lintuer; method of oviposition and characters 
 of egg-mass of Enehophylliun \j:= Enchenopa'] binotaia; seasons, habits, and 
 food-plants and description of the eggs of the same. 
 
 1914. [Riley, C. Y.] Prickly-ash larva: Tachinid eggs. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 October, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 254. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. W. Jones; larva of Papilio eresphontes on prickly- 
 ash ; eggs of Tachina sp. on larva of Jletia argillacea l=zxylina'\. 
 
 1915. [Riley, C. Y.] Worms on cabbage: Boll-worm feeding on leaf. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., October, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 254. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. W. Jones ; food-habits of larvte of Reliothis armigera 
 and of Pionea rimosalis. 
 
 1916. [Riley, C. Y.] Buggy peas. <Amer. Ent., October, 1880 [v. 3], 
 
 n. s., V. 1, p. 254. 
 Answer to letter of A. Berger ; abundance of Bruchus pisi in Wisconsin ; means 
 against it. 
 
 1917. Riley, C. Y. Glow-worm. <Amer. Ent., October, 1880 [v. 3], 
 
 n. s., V. 1, p. 254, fig. 123. 
 Answer to letter of J. J. Dean ; occurrence of larva of Photuris pennsylvanica 
 at Chatham, N. J. ; figures larva and imago of the same : larva and imago 
 of Photinus pyralis, also luminoits; males and females of these species 
 winged ; female of Lampyris noctiluca wingless and more luminous than the 
 male. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 265 
 
 1918. [Riley, C. v.] The use of fiiiif;u.s oro\vtlis to destroy insects. 
 
 <Amer/Eut., November, 1880 [v. 3], ii, s., v. 1, pp. lm;!)-i>70. 
 
 Abstract of paper by A. N. Preutiss; the coustant presi-nco of spores of fungi 
 in the air vitiates the value of most exporimeuts on the application of the 
 fungi to insects; insects rarely affected by the spores which are in the air 
 while the plants are more so affected; yeast moi'e injurious mechanically 
 than infectiously. 
 
 1919. [Riley, C. v.] New species of scale insects. <Amer. Eut., No- 
 
 vember, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 275-276. 
 Review of paper by W. H. Ashmead on the red scale. 
 
 1920. [Riley, 0. V.] Remedy for cabbage worms. <Amer. Ent., No- 
 
 vember, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 276. 
 Pyrethrum powder the most satisfactory means against all larvte affecting 
 the leaves of cabbage. 
 
 1921. [Riley, C. V.] Pyrethrum for the screw- worm. <Amer. Ent., 
 
 November, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 276. 
 Notice of paper by A. R. Kirkpatrick ; directions for the use of pyrethrum 
 powder against the "screw-worm" [^= Lucilia tn((ceUana'\; objections to 
 the use of other remedies. 
 
 1922. [Riley, C. Y.] Oviposition in the Tortricidcc. <Amer. Ent. 
 
 November, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. ], p. 276. 
 Notice of and extract from paper by C. H. Fernald. 
 
 3923. [Riley, C. V.] About Phora being merely a scavenger and not 
 a true parasite. <Amer. Ent., November, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 
 1, p. 277. 
 
 Letter from C. R. Osten Sacken, with remarks ; Phora alct'Kv not a parasite ; 
 oviposition and habits of larva of the same. 
 
 1924. [Riley, C. v.] Gall on Solidago leaves. <Amer. Ent, Novem- 
 
 ber, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 278. 
 Answer to letter of H. Barnes ; occurrence of galls of CccidonvjUi carboni/era 
 on leaves of Solidago nemoraUn 1 at Mulberry CoriitT^, Ohio. 
 
 1925. [Riley, C. V.] Oak gall : Cyni2)s q.decidua Bass. <Amer. Ent.', 
 
 November, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 278. 
 
 Answer to letter of J. Schonck ; galls of Cynips q. dccidua 1 found on leaves of 
 Quercus muhlenbergii at Mount Carmel, 111. 
 
 1926. [Riley, C. V.] Insects from stomach of lark, robin, and sunfish. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., November, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 278. 
 Answer to letter of S. A. Forhea ; Dij)lotaxi8 sordida from stomach of meadow- 
 lark ; egg of a reduviid from that of a robin ; larva of an ophemerid {Poly- 
 mitarcya alba ?) from tho stomach of a sunlish. 
 
 1027. [Riley, C. v.] Supposed hibernating ^?c/m chry.salis. <Amer. 
 Ent., November, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 278. 
 Answer to letter of J. W. Davidson; pupa resembling that of Achatodes zea 
 found in stalk of maize at Uniontown, Ala. 
 
 1928. Riley, C. V. On the natural history of certain bee-flies {Bomhy- 
 liidcc). <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3J, n. s., v. 1, pp. 
 
266 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1928. RiLKY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 279-283, figs. 147-151. Review : <Ent. Mo. .Mag., February, 
 1881, V. 17, pp. 206-207. 
 Advauce print of pp. 262-267 and a general abstract of pp. 267-269 of the 
 section entitled " Bee-fly larvas, family Bomhyliida;," in 2d Rept. U. S. En- 
 tomological Commission. See No. 1959 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 1929. Riley. C. V. On a new pyralid Infesting the seed-pods of the 
 
 trumpet- vine. <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, 
 pp. 280-288, figs. 152-153. 
 Description, with figures, of Clydonojyteron n. g.^Tp. 287'} and of larva, pnpa, 
 and imago of C. feco»?i«? n. sp. [p. 288], and of the abode of this insect in 
 pods of the trumpet-vine; habits of the insect. 
 
 1930. [Riley, C. V.] Experiments with yeast-ferment on various in- 
 
 sects. <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 289, 
 290. 
 
 Reports by J. E. Willet and A. J. Cook upon their experiments in the appli- 
 cation of beer and yeast to various insects; no infection communicated to 
 the insects by these applications. 
 
 1931. Riley, C. V. Notes on the imported elm leaf-beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, pp. 291-292. 
 Answer to letter of J. L. Leconte; seasons, transformations, enemies, and 
 ravages of and means against Galeruca xanthomelwna ; hibernation of Chry- 
 
 somelidcv. 
 
 1932. [Riley, C. V.] Synonyms of parasites' mistakes corrected. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 293. Re- 
 view : <Ca. Ent., February, 1881, v. 13, pp. 31-33, fig. 3. 
 Review of paper by L. O. Howard ; comparison of the alleged characters of 
 Antigaster and Eupelmus to show grounds for the founding of the former; 
 Didictyum synonymous with Hexaplasta; H. zigzag not a parasite of Aletia 
 argillacea [^= xylina}, but of Phora aleiioi; habits of H. zigzag. 
 
 1933. [Riley, O. V.J "A mystery in reference to Pronuha yuccasella.^^ 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 293. 
 Critical review of paper by H. A. Hagen, who confounded Prodoxus decipiena 
 with Pronuha yuccasella. 
 
 1934. [Riley, 0. V.] Mandible of LWiocolletis gutUfinitella. <Amer. 
 
 Ent,, December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 294, fig. 138. 
 
 Figure, with- explanation, of the mandible of LithocoUetis gutUfinitella. 
 
 1935. [Riley, C. V.] Excessive injury by a beetle in Russia. <Amer. 
 
 Eut., December, 1880 [v. 3j, n. s., v. 1, p. 294. 
 'Ra.v afgps of Anisoplia austriaca in southern Russia; description of the same ; 
 its habits and vernacular name. 
 
 1936. [Riley, C. V.] Chemical change in the color of butterfly-wings. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 294. 
 Note on paper by W. H. Edwards and J. M. Wilson. 
 
 1937. [Riley, C. V.] Fungus foes. <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 
 
 3], n. s.,v. 1, p.297. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. J. Brown ; Cis fmcipes and all Cioidce infest fungi 
 growing on old trees and logs. 
 
HIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 267 
 
 1938. I Riley, C. V.] The twig-girdler. <Amer. Ent., December, 188() 
 [v 3], u. s., V. 1, p. 297, figs. lo5-15(i. 
 Answer to letter of \V. R. Maxwell; figures of larva, pupa, autl imago of 
 Oncideres cingulata aud of twig injured by the imago; food-plants, habits, 
 and transformations of this insect. 
 
 1039. [KiLEY, C. v.] The bedeguar of the rose. < Amer. Ent., Decem- 
 ber, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 298, fig. 154. 
 Answer to letter of L. C. Bryan ; account of the gall of Ehodites rosw; figure 
 of the same. 
 
 1940. [Riley, C. V.] Minute borers iu cherry, peach, and pkim-trees. 
 
 <Amer. Ent., December, 1880 [v. 3], u. s., v. 1, p. 298. 
 Answer to letters of J. L. Bennett and M. H Boye ; ravages, food-plants, and 
 distribution of Scolytus rutjulosus; food-habits of the species of Scolytua. 
 
 1941. [Riley, C. V.] Srailax injured by cut-worms. <Ajner. Ent., 
 
 December, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 298. 
 Answer to letter of G. Thommen ; habits, ravages, and food-plants of Agrotia 
 saucia. 
 
 1942. [Riley, C. Y.] Houey-producing oak-gall. <Amer. Ent., De- 
 
 cember, 1880 [v. 3], n. s., v. 1, p. 298. 
 Answer to letter of H. C. McCook ; secretion of saccharine matter by galls 
 growing on Quercus undulata; description of these galls, Cynips quercus- 
 wellaria n. sp.; Myrmecocystua hortua-deorum [= melliger'] collects the saccha- 
 rine matter from these galls. 
 
 1943. [Riley, C. V.J Dr. Hagen's mystery. <Ca. Ent., December, 
 
 1880, V. 12, pp. 2G3-264. 
 Review of paper by H. A. Hagen ; Prodoxus decipiens confounded with Pro- 
 nuba yuccaseUa. 
 
 1944. Riley, C. V. Acorn-gall. <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1880, 
 
 T. 4, p. 1 Proc. 
 Gall mistaken for abortive acorn, by G. B. Emerson, iu his "Trees and shrnbs 
 
 of Massachusetts." 
 
 194">. RiLEY^, C. V. Silk-culture in the United States. Condensed ac- 
 count of the silk- worm and how to inaugurate a new source of 
 wealth. <Western Farmer's Almanac lor 1881, 1880, pj). 35- 
 39, 4 tigs. S.-b. No. 23, p. — . 
 Practicability aud desirability of the culture of Sericaria mori in the United 
 States; requisites to its success; superiority of .S. mori over all other in- 
 sects for silk-culture ; brief illustrated natural history of the same ; direc- 
 tions for silk-culture. 
 
 1946. Riley, -C. V. Legislation to control insects injurious to vegeta- 
 tion. <Farmer's Review, 20 January, 1881. S.-b. No. 23, p. 
 
 148. Reprint: <Amer. Nat., April [25 .archj, 1881, v. 15, pp. 
 322-323. <Indiana Farmer, 16 April, 1881. S.-b. No. 23, p. 
 
 149. Notice : <Farmer'8 Review, 20 January, 1881. S.-b. No. 
 23, p. 170. 
 
 Appointment of C. H. Dwindle, by the California State Horticultural So- 
 ciety, on a committee to consider what legislation is desirable to check the 
 spread of noxious insects and to force land-owners to destroy the same; 
 notice of the previous passage of such laws and of anticipated objections 
 to them. 
 
268 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1947. EiLEY, C. Y. Larval habits of bee-flies, BomhyUidce. <Amer. 
 Nat., February [25 January], 1881, v. 15, pp. 143-145, tigs. 1-3. 
 Notice,: <Western Stock Jouru. and Farm, March, 1881, v. 11, 
 p. 58. ' 
 
 Habits of Systoechits aud Triodites as parasites on eggs of Aevididw; notice of 
 paper by T. A. Cliapman ; figures larva, pupa, aud imago of Systmchus oreas 
 and compares its larvie aud puptc with those of Bombyliiis major. 
 
 1048. EiLEY, C. V. Experiments with pyrethrum: Safe remedies for 
 cabbage- worms and potato-beetles. <Amer. Nat., February 
 [25 January], 1881, v. 15, pp. 145-147. 
 Details of experiments made by A. J. Cook and W. R. Hubbert upon the 
 effect of a dusting of pyrethrum powder upon larviB of rieris rapce, larvae 
 and imagos of Dorypliora lO-lineata, and upon Eriosoma [=^ Pemphigus'\ tes- 
 sellata, Coreus \_=^Anasa'] tristis, and flies and mosquitoes. 
 ini9. EiLEY, C. V. Insect enemies of the rice-plant. <Amer. Nat., 
 February [25 January], 1881, v. 15, pp. 148-149. 
 Chalepus trachypygus feeds on roots of the rice-plant ; conjectures as to other 
 enemies of the rice-plant ; Ceoidomyia oryzce injurious to the same in India. 
 
 I9:-0. [Riley, C. v.] The ^'yellow-fever fly." <Amer. Nat., February 
 [25 January], 1881, v. 15, p. 150. 
 Review of paper by H. A. Hagen ; food-habits of larvse oi Sciara sp. ; occur- 
 rence of swarms of imagos of the same. 
 
 1051. [Riley, C. V.] An aquatic Sphinx larva. <Amer. Nat., Febru- 
 
 ary [25 January], 1881, v. 15, p. 151. 
 Abstract of paper by H. A. Hagen. 
 
 1052. Riley, C. Y. Notes on the grape Phylloxera and on laws to 
 
 prevent its introduction. <Amer. Nat., March [24 February], 
 1881, V. 15, pp. 238-241. Notice with extracts : <Pacific Rural 
 Press, 23 April, 1881. S.-b. No. 42, p. 17. 
 Remarks upon letter of I. Bush; precautions to be adopted against the in- 
 troduction of Phylloxera vastairix ; summary of the life-history of the same. 
 
 1053. Riley, C. Y. Hibernation of the cotton-worm moth : Ease with 
 
 which mistakes are made. <Amer. Nat., March [24 February], 
 1881, V. 15, pp. 244-245, figs. 1-3. 
 Extract fiom letter of I. A. Wimbish ; Leucania unipiincta mistaken for Aletia 
 argillacca l^xylina}; characters of Alctia; figures ovipositor and eggs of 
 L. unipuncta and imagos of both species. 
 
 1054. [Riley, 0. Y.] On some interaction of organisms. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., April [25 March], 1881, v. 15, pp. 323-324. 
 Review of paper by S. A. Forbes, with extracts; relative unimportance of 
 special parasites as compared with predaceous animals of varied tastes in 
 the limitation of the numbers of any species of animals ; need of conserva- 
 tive action and exhaustive inquiry in the attempt to interfere with the 
 order of nature. 
 
 1955. [Riley, C. Y.] Insect locomotion. <Amer. Nat.j April [25 
 March], 1881, v. 15, p. 325. 
 Results of G. Carlet's studies on the order in which the feet are moved in 
 the walking of Hexapoda and Arachnida. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 269 
 
 1956. [Riley, C. V.] Plant-feeding liiibits of predaceous beetles. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., April [25 lAIarcli], 1881, v. 15, pp. 325-327. 
 Citation of evidence from numeroua sources proviuy thut certain Carahiilm 
 and CoccineUidw occasionally feed on plants, seeds, and sporcH. 
 
 1957. Riley, 0. V. Notes on Fapilio philenor. <Airier. Nat., April, 
 
 [25 March], 1881, v. 15, pp. 327-329, figs. 1-3. 
 Description of egg and newly-hatched larva of Papilio phihnor; (igiire of 
 larva, chrysalids, and imago of the same; food-plants, distributioii, ami 
 its occurrence in swarms. 
 
 1958. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological notes. <Anier. Nat., April [25 
 
 March], 1881, v. 15, pp. 330-331. 
 
 Notice of H. A. Ilagen's paper on Simulium pictipes, with additional noteei; 
 abstracts aijd minor notices of other papers and items of news. 
 
 1959. [Riley, C. V.] Second report of the United States Entomological 
 
 Commission for the years 1878 and 1879, relating to the Rocky 
 Mountain locust and the Western cricket, and treating of the 
 best means of subduing the locust in its permanent breudiiig 
 grounds, with a view of preventing its migrations into the 
 more fertile portions of the trans-Mississipi)i country in pur- 
 suance of appropriations made by Congress for this purpose, 
 with maps and illustrations. <Washington : 1880 [4 April, 
 1881], pp. 18+322+80, 10 tigs., 17 pi., 9 maps. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Letter of transmittal IX 
 
 Preface XIII 
 
 Chapter I : By A. S. Packard and C. V. Riley. 
 
 Additions to the chronology of locust ravages 1 
 
 The locust in 1878 in Minnesota and Iowa, I; in Nebraska, Texas, 
 and Indian Territory, 2 ; in Kansas, 2-3 ; in Dakota, 3-4 ; in 
 Colorado, 4; in Wyoming, 4-5; in Utah and Idaho, .^>-7; in 
 eastern Oregon and Nevada, 7; in Montana, 7-9— Summary, 9— 
 The locust in 1879 in Nebraska, Washington Territory, Dakota, 
 and Texas, 10; in Colorado, 10-11; in Wyoming, 11-12; in 
 Utah, 12-13; in Montana, 13-14. 
 
 Chapt1':r II : By C. Thomas. 
 
 The relation of the locust and its ravages to agriculture and the 
 
 settlement of the Tcrritori(!a !•* 
 
 Character of the pernument region, 15 — Importance of subduing 
 the locusts in the permanent region, 15-10— DiHiculties of burn- 
 ing over, l(i-18— Extermination impossible, but subjection pos- 
 sible, 19-20— Settlement of the permanent region the best rem- 
 edy, 19-20 — Source of the more destructive swarms, 20— Rail- 
 road needed in the' permanent region, 21— Agricultural, not 
 pastoral, population wanted, 22— Difficulties of constructing 
 railroads in the permanent region, 22— Climatic character «)f the 
 permanent region, 23— Di.'«turbing and fighting the locusts in the 
 permanent region, 24-25— Other proposed plans, 25— Plowing 
 not feasible, 25-2(5— The locust question solved in the temporary 
 region, 20— New deliuitiou of the temporary region, 27-28— The 
 locust problem a national one, 29-31. 
 
270 BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1959. [Riley, C. V.]— Continued. 
 
 Chapter III : By C. Thomas. i 
 
 Facts conceruing and laws governing the migrations of locusts in all 
 
 countries 31 
 
 Most species of Jcrididw not migratory, 31 — Migratory disposition 
 not caused by anatomical differences, 31-32 — Writers on locust 
 flights, 32-33 — Earliest accounts of locust flights in Europe, 3'3- 
 34 — Locust flights in Europe in the middle ages, 34-37 ; in the 
 seventeeuth century, 37-38 — The locust invasion of 1693 in Eu- 
 rope, 38-39 — Locust flights in Europe in the eighteenth and 
 nineteenth centuries, 40-41 — Locusts in Asia and adjacent 
 islands, -11; in Cyprus, 42; in Arabia and Syria, 43-44; in Per- 
 sia, 44 ; in the Steppes, 45 ; in China, 46 ; in Manila, 46 ; in 
 India, 46-47; in Australia, 47; in New Zealand, 47 — Locust 
 flights in Africa, 48 ; in northern Africa, 48-49 ; in Egypt, 49 — 
 in Algiers, 50-51 ; in Abyssinia, 51 ; in central Africa, 51 ; in 
 eastern Africa and the Canary Islands, 52-53 — Locusts in South 
 America, 53-54 — Prevalence of locusts in deserts and dry regions, 
 54-55 — Locust flights not governed by laws of periodicity, 55- 
 56 — Permanent breeding grounds of locusls, 56-57 — Their geo- 
 graphical distribution, 58 — Caloptenus sprelus not in Mexico, 58 — 
 Migratory locusts in Yucatan and the West Indies, 58-59 — In 
 Nicaragua, 59 — Geographical limits of Calopteuus S2)retus,59 ; of 
 Pachytylus migratorius, 59-60 — Difiicnlty of determining species, 
 60-61 — Definition of permanent home of migratory locusts, 62 — 
 Range of Pachytylus mijfraforiiis, 62-63 ; of Acridium jjeregriiiuni, 
 63-64 — Comparison with the laws of geographical zoology, 65- 
 66 — Meeting point of three sub-regions, 67 — Each species has its 
 permanent breeding ground, 68 — General character of the i)er- 
 manent breeding grounds, 68-69 — Breeding ground of Caloptenua 
 itaUcu8,Q9; of Pachytylus migratorius, 69-70; of Acndium pere- 
 grinum, 70 ; of Caloptenus spretua, 70-71. 
 Chapter IV : By C. Thomas. 
 Habits and characteristics of locusts in all countries within their 
 areas of permanent distribution, so far as these relate to their 
 
 movements 72 
 
 Caloptenus spretus always migratory, 72-73 — Flights of C. spretus, 
 73-74 — Invading swarms come from northwest, 74-75— Other 
 opinions eliminated, 75-76— Swarms in 1875 and 1876,76-77 — Di- 
 rection of returning swarms of C. spretus, 78 ; of other migratory 
 locusts, 78-79 — Direction of local flights, 79-81 — Returning 
 swarms do little injury, 81-82 — Distance to which swarms may 
 migrate, 82-84 — ^Length of a single flight, 84-85 — Swarms able to 
 cross large bodies of water, 85-86 — Swarms carried far by winds, 
 86-87— The mode of flight, 87— Position of the locust while fly- 
 ing, 87-88 — Locusts flying with the wind, 88-89 — Method of fall- 
 ing of swarms, 89 — Formation of swarms, 89-91 — Movements of 
 swarms of C. spretus, as reported by Dr. Child, 91-93— Other re- 
 ports, 94 — Movements of swarms in other countries, 95-96 — 
 Swarms usually alight at night, 96-97 — The height at which 
 Bwarms move, 98-100 — Different directions of swarms at the same 
 time and place, 100 — Fall of locusts into the sea, 100-102 — Great 
 flying power of locusts, 102— General causes of migration, 103 — 
 Excessive numbers, 103-104 — Want of food, 104 — Excessive heat, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 271 
 
 1959. fRiLEY, C. V.]— Contiuued. 
 CiiArxER IV" — Coiitiimeil. 
 
 105 — Dry condition of the atmosphere, 105-106— Arid conditioa 
 of the mountain region, 106-107 — Immediate causes of migration, 
 107-108. 
 Chapter V : By C. Thamas. 
 lulluence of meteorological conditions on the development and mi- 
 grations of locusts 11)9 
 
 Influence of heat and dryness, 109-110 — Packard's table of locust 
 years, 111-112— Table of rain-falls for 1860 to 1H66, 11-i— Influence 
 of the rainfall, especially in 1864, ll'i-llli — Average monthly tem- 
 perature for 1864 and 1866, li:}-115— Kain-fall of the years 1861} to 
 1867,116 — Temperature of the years 18<):? to 1867,117 — Extreme 
 variations of monthly mean temperature from 1863 to 1867, 
 118-119 — Monthly and annual mean temperature from 1872 to 
 1876, 119-121— Monthly and annual rain-fall from 1872 to 1878, 122- 
 124 — Extreme fluctuations between monthly mean temperature, 
 125-126 — Greatest variations between monthly mean tempera- 
 tures, 126 — Variations of temperature between months of con- 
 secutive years, 127-128— Daily temperature at Fort Sully from 
 1872 to 1875, 129-134 — Relation of temperature to the develop- 
 ment of the eggs, 135-136— Professor Riley's experiments, 137 — 
 Professor Abbe's theory on the subject discussed, 137-140 — Table 
 showing temperature and direction and velocity of wind at 
 Western stations, 141-154 — Relation of temperature and winds to 
 locust flights, 155. 
 Chapter VI : By A. S. Packard. 
 The southern limits of the distribution of the Rocky Mountain locust. 156 
 Few locusts permanently breeding in New Mexico and none iu Ari- 
 zona, 156—Caloi)tentis spretus probably not in southern New Mex- 
 ico, central and southern Arizona, etc., 156 — History of locust 
 invasions in New Mexico from 1864 to 1879, 157-159— Southern 
 range of the locust in Mew Mexico, 159— Changes in the map in 
 the Report I, showing the distribution of the locust, 159-160. 
 Chapter VII: By A. S. Packard. 
 
 Summary of locust flights from 1877 to 1879 150 
 
 General remarks on maps Nos. 2 to 4, 160-161— Flights of locusts 
 in 1878, 161-162 -Flights in 1879, 162-163. 
 Chapter VIII : By A. S. Packard. 
 
 The western cricket - ^^'^ 
 
 Difference in habits between the western cricket and the locust, 
 163— Occurrence o[ Jnabrus purpuraacens, 163-164 ; of J. simplex, 
 164— Mode of egg-laying, 164— Movements of an army of the west- 
 ern cricket, 164-165— Its ravages, 165-166— Its food, 166— Its ene- 
 mies and parasites, 166— Its breeding habits, 166-167 — Remedies, 
 167-168— Geographical distribution of the species of AnabruSj 
 168-169— Synopsis of the species of J«a6r«« and its allies, 169- 
 170— External anatomy of J Hrtferus, 170: the head, 170-172; the 
 thorax, 172-174; the abdomen, 174-175— Internal anatomy of 
 Aiiabrus purpurascens, 175 ; the digestive system, 175 176 ; the 
 nervous system, 176-177; the breathing apparatus, 177-178. 
 Chapter IX : By A. S. Packard. 
 
 The air-sacs of locusts with reference to their powers of fli;;lit 178 
 
 History of the study of the air-sacs, 178— Air-sacs iu ditterent in- 
 sects, 178-179— The air-sacs of the Acridii, 179— Use of the air- 
 sacs in flight, 179-182— Their origin, 182-183 . 
 
272 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1959. [EiLEY, C. V.]— Continued. 
 
 Chapter X: By C. S. Minot. 
 
 Histology of the locust {Caloptenus) and the cricket (Analrus) 183 
 
 Study of histology of insects, 183-184 — Explanations of Figs. 1 and 
 2, Plate II, 180-186— The cuticula, 186-188— The epidermis, 188- 
 189 — Sense organs, 189 — Nervous system, 190 — Tracheae, 191-195 — 
 Air-sacs and spiracles, 195 — Muscles, 195-196 — Organs of circu- 
 lation, 196— Connective tissue, 196-198— Ovary, 198-201— Ante- 
 rior ciBcura of the oviduct, 201 — Uterus of locusts, 201-203 — Male 
 organs, 203— Testis, 203-204 — Development of the spermatozoa, 
 204, 207 — Vasa deferentia, 207 — Ductus ejaculatorius, 207 — Vesiculw 
 seminales, 207-208— Digestive canal, 208-210— Crop, 210-211— 
 Proventriculus, 211-212— Stomach, 212-214— Diverticula, 214- 
 215— Gastro-ileal folds, 215-217— Ileum, 217— Colon, 217-218— 
 Rectum, 218-219 — Summary on the digestive canal, 219-221 — 
 Malpighian vessels, 222. 
 
 Chapter XI : By A. S. Packard. 
 
 The brain of the locust 223 
 
 The nervous system in general, 223-224 — The brain of insects com- 
 pared with that of vertebrates, 224-226 — The brain of the adult 
 locust, 226 — Histological elements of the brain, 226-228 — The sec- 
 tiobs of the brain, 228-230 — Internal topography of the brain, 
 230— The central body, 230, 231— The mushroom bodies, 231-234— 
 The optic lobes, 234— The optic ganglion, 234 — The antennal or 
 olfactory lobes, 235 — The commissural lobes, 235 — The brain of 
 locusts compared with that of other insects, 235-236 — Structure 
 of the brain in the embryo locust, 236— The brain of the embryo 
 locust compared with the first thoracic ganglion, 238 — The brain 
 in the second embryonic stage, 238-239 — Structure of the suboe- 
 eophageal ganglion. 239 — The brain of the freshly-hatched larva 
 of Caloptenus spretus, 239 ; of the third larval stage of C. iunttatus, 
 239; of the second or last pupal stage of C. spretus, 240-241 — 
 Bibliography of the internal structure of the brain of Crustacea 
 and insects, 241-242. 
 
 Chapter XII: By C. V. Riley and C. Thomas. 
 
 Locust ravages in California 242 
 
 Position of the genus Camnula in the CEdipodini, 242-243 — Descrip- 
 tion of the genus Camnula, 243; of CEdipoda pellucida, 2i',i ; of 
 QHdipoda atrox, 243-244; of Camnula j)elJucida, 244-246 — The 
 locust in California in 1878, 246; in Sierra Valley, 247 ; in the 
 vicinity of Loyalton, 247-248 ; of Sierraville, 249 — History of lo- 
 cust devastation in California, 250 — Enemies of the Californian 
 locust, 251 — Protective measures, 251-252 — Life history of Cam- 
 nula atrox, 252-253 — The red or locust mite, 253 — Damage done 
 by the locust in Sierra Valley, 254-255 — The locust in California 
 in 1879, 255-257 — Description of CEdipoda ohliterata, 257-259 — Re- 
 marks on Cratypedes Putnami, 259. 
 
 Chapter XIII: By C. V. Riley. 
 
 Further facts about the natural enemies of the locust 259 
 
 Blister-beetle larvae feeding on the eggs of the Californian locust, 
 259-260— Retardation in the development of blister-beetles, as 
 shown in Epicauta vittata, 260 — Philosophy of such retardation, 
 260-261— Eggs of Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus, 261 — Habits of 
 the young larva, 261-262 — Egg-laying of asilid-flies, and particu- 
 larly of Mallophora orcina, 2G2 — Bee-fly larvse common among the 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 273 
 
 1959. [EiLEY, C. Y.]— Continued. 
 
 Chaptkr XIII— Coutiinu'd. 
 
 eggs of Camnulajnllitcidu, 263— Habits of bee-fly larva?, 2G3-2G4— 
 Observations on tiio larval habits of liombylii, 204-2(;5— Larval 
 habits o( Arijyramaha, 205-200— Abuiulauco of bee-flies and blis- 
 ter-beetles in the ^Vesteru country, connected with the abundance 
 of locusts, 260— Life history o£ Si/stwchus orcas, 260-2()7— Descrip- 
 tion of its larva, 207; of the pupa. 267-2G8 ; of the imago, 208— 
 Desci iption of Systa-chits orvas, 208— Larva of Triodiles miiK, 208- 
 269— Imago of Triodites mns, 209— Dr. T. A. Chapman's observa- 
 tions on Bomhyliiis major, 209— Hair-worms and red-mites abun- 
 dant upon locusts in California, 270- Chalcid-fly jiarasitic on 
 locusts, 270— Synonymy of the locust-egg parasite, 270— Digger- 
 wasps killing locusts, 270. 
 Chapter XIV: By C. V. Riley. 
 Courses that may be adopted by the General Government to lessen 
 
 locust injury 271 
 
 Importance of destroying the locusts in their native breeding- 
 grounds, 271— Recapitulation of means suggested in first report, 
 271— Importation of English rooks, 271— Importance of burning 
 over the permanent breeding-grounds, 272— Breeding-grounds 
 occupy comparatively small areas in the permanent region, 27:$- 
 Protection from invading swarms, 273— Locust warnings through 
 the Signal Bureau, 273— Diverting swarms by means of smoke, 
 274— Co-operation of governments and governmental institutions, 
 274 — Apathy apt to result from periods of immunity from locust 
 invasions, 274— How the Government can aid, 275— Surface char- 
 acteristics of the permanent regi<m and the proportion of burna- 
 ble laud, 275— Number of square miles in the permanent region, 
 270— The plains area east of the mouutains, 270- Its vegetation, 
 276 — Burnable land practically iudeutical with graziug-land, 
 277— The plains area in the British possessions, 278— In the 
 United States, 279— The mountain area, 280— Timber-lands in 
 the mountain area dependent upon latitude and altitude, 280— 
 Northern section of the mountain area, 280, 281 — River valleys 
 in Montana, 281— Valley of the Yellowstone and its tributaries, 
 281— Of the Madison River, 282— Of the Jefferson and Missouri 
 Rivers, 283— The Wind River and the Bighorn Mountains, 283— 
 The Green River Basin, 283— Valley of the Snake River and its 
 tributaries, 280, 289 — Southern section of the mountain area, 
 289— In southern Wyoming, 290-291— In Colorado, 291— The San 
 Luis Valley, 292— Mountain area iu New Mexico, 292--The pla- 
 teau area, 293— Its extent, 293— The Roan Plateau, 293— The 
 Uinta Valley, 293— The Grand River Valley, 294— Tlie Great Sage 
 Plain, 294— The San Juan River Valley, 295— The Colorado River 
 Plateau, 2.t5 — The Great Basin area and the Wasatch Mountains, 
 296— Valleys of the Bear River" and its tributaries, 296— The 
 Wasatch Range and its valleys, 298 — Mountain Ranges in Ne- 
 vada, 299-.300— The Mojave Desert, 300— Preventive measures 
 in the plains region, ^00— Calopten us sprctns breeds, especially in 
 British America and Montana, 300 — Fertile grass-land iu the Ter- 
 ritories, 300 — Its extent, 302 — Encouragement to.settloment, 302 — 
 Modification of climate by settlement and cultivation, 302 — Pro- 
 fessor Thomas' communication to Governor Pillshury, 303 — The 
 settlement of Dakota will benefit Minnesota, 304— Forest planting 
 18 ENT 
 
274 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1959. [Riley, C. V.]— Continued. 
 
 Chapter XIV — Continued. 
 
 on the coteau of the prairies, 305 — Preserving of lakes, ponds, and 
 swamps in Minnesota, 306 — Encouragements to railroads, 307 — 
 Irrigation, 307 — Extent of the arid region, 307-308 — Only a small 
 portion of the land irrigable, 308 — Agriculture in the arid West 
 and in the Mississippi Delta require assistance of the National 
 Government ,308 — Prevention of floods by means of reservoirs, 
 309 — Cost of irrigation, 310 — Influence of irrigation on the locust 
 question, 310— Mr. H. Gannett's report on irrigation in the arid 
 region, 310 — Waste of water in irrigating, 311 — Amount of irri- 
 gable land, 311 — Amount of water necessary for irrigation, 312- 
 313 — Irrigable land in Colorado, Utah, California, &c., 313 — 
 Arable land in the Territories, 314 — Amount of land in actual 
 cultivation, 314 — Irrigation by means of artesian wells, 315 — 
 Methods of irrigation, 315-316 — Uselessness of reservoirs and great 
 irrigating canals in the arid region, 316 — How irrigation should 
 be regulated, 316 — Preservation of forests ; tree-planting, 317 — 
 Judicious burning in spring, 317 — Permanent establishment of 
 locust signals and warnings, 318— Co-operation with the Do- 
 minion Government, 319 — Preventive measures in the mountain 
 and plateau' areas, 319 — Breeding-grounds of the locust in the 
 mountain area, 319 — Influence of settlement, 320 — Replanting 
 of forests, 320 — Importance of locust signals to the farmer in 
 Colorado and Utah, 321 — Very destructive locust invasions not 
 likely to recur in the future, 321 — The locust has ceased to be an 
 object of dread, 322. 
 Appendix I: 
 
 Miscellaneous data and replies to Circular No. 1 [3] 
 
 Circular No. 1, [3]— Nebraska data, [4] — Data for Minnesota, [17] — 
 Data for Iowa, [20] — Data for Dakota, [21]. 
 Appendix II: By S. H. Scudder. 
 List of the Orthoptera collected by Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., in the 
 
 western United States in the summer of 1877 [23] 
 
 Bradynotea ojnmus, Scudd., n. sp., [24] — Pezotettix pacificus, 
 Scudd.,n. sp., [24] — Gomphocerusshasfanus, Scudd., n. sp., [25] — 
 Circotettix maculatus, Scudd., n. sp., [26] — Trimerotropis latifas- 
 ciata, Scudd,, n. sp., [26] — T. similis, Scudd., u. sp., [27] — T. cwru- 
 leipes, Scudd., n. sp., [27] — Psinidia wallula, Scudd., n, sp., [27]. 
 Appendix III: 
 
 Report of John Marten [29] 
 
 Observations of John Marten, special agent, on locusts in Iowa, 
 [29]— In Minnesota, [30]— In Dakota, [30]— In Nebraska, [31]. 
 Appendix IV: By B. P. Maun and C. Thomas. 
 Bibliography of some of the literature concerning destructive lo- 
 custs [33] 
 
 Introductory and explanatory remarks, [33] — Bibliography on the 
 destructive locusts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, [33] — Supple- 
 mentary list to the bibliography on locusts in foreign countries, 
 [50] — Additions to bibliography on the locusts in America, [55]. 
 Appendix V: 
 
 Data concerning locust in Texas [57] 
 
 Notes furnished by Gen. A. J. Myer, U. S. A., Chief Signal Officer, 
 on locusts in Texas, chiefly in the year 1877, [57] — Locust data 
 from Indian Territory in 1877, [61]. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 275 
 
 1959. [Riley, C. Y.]— Coutiuued. 
 
 Ai'PKXDix VI: 
 On the flight of locusts [63] 
 
 Translation, by F. P. Spofford, of a memoir by Gaetano de Lucre- 
 tus, [6:3] — Translation of d'Azara's paper on locust invasions in 
 Spain from 1754 to 1757, by F. P. Spofford, [60]. 
 Appendix VII : 
 Notes of a journey made to Utah and Idaho in the summer of 1878, 
 
 by A. S.Packard, Jr [69] 
 
 Observations on locusts in Nebraska and Colorado, [69]— In Wy- 
 oming, [69] — In Utah, [69] — In Idaho, [70]— Observations on 
 the journey returning East, [71]. 
 Appkndix VIII: 
 Y'ersiu's researches on the functions of the nervous system of the ar- 
 ticulate animals [73] 
 
 Translation, by Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., of Saussure's abstract from 
 Yersin's Recherches sur les fouctions du systeme nerveux dans 
 lesauimaus articulds, [73]. 
 
 1960. EiLEY, C. V. Notes on North American Microgasters, with de- 
 
 scriptions of new species. <Traus. Acad. Scl. St. Louis, 16 
 April 1881, V. 4, pp. 295-315, 9 figs. Separate: <[St. Louis, 
 Mo.], 6 April, 1881, 20 pp., 9 figs. 
 Characteristics aud habits of the Microgasters; description of larva of Apart- 
 telts aletiw; the cocoons and their construction ; effect of the parasites upon 
 the longevity of the host ; secondary parasites; habits and descriptions of 
 several new species and varieties, for a list of which see the Systematic 
 Index; figures A. ahtice, healthy aud parasitized larva; of Charocampa pam- 
 pinatrix [^= Ampelophaga mriron']; also mass of Microgaster cocoons, and the 
 •formation of the cocoon by the larva. 
 
 1961. [Riley, C. V.] Exuviation in flight. < Amer. Nat., May [16 April], 
 
 1881, V. 15, p. 395. 
 Criticism of R. McLachlan's observations ; process of casting subimaginal skin 
 
 in Polgntitarcys alba. 
 
 1962. Riley, C.V. The rascal leaf-crumpler in Georgia. <Amer. Nat, 
 
 May [16 April], 1881, v. 15, p. 400. 
 Occurrence and ravages of Acrohasis nebulo [= i;(rfif/i«(7/fl] in Bryan County, 
 Georgia. 
 
 1963. [Riley, C V.] Vertical vs. horizontal insect boxes. <Ainer. 
 
 Nat., May [16 April], 1881, v. 15, p. 401. 
 Review of pamphlet by A. Preudhomme de Borre ; reply of G. II. Horn to 
 Preudhomme de Borre. 
 
 1964. [Riley, C. V.J Insects affecting the China tree. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 May [16 April], 1881, v. 15, pp. 401-402. 
 General immunity of the China tree from the attacks of insects and its conse- 
 quent value as a shade tree ; occurrence of a Lecanium aud Ceroplastes a. sp. 
 upon it in Alabama; injuries to its leaves by Atid fervens in Texas. 
 
 1965. [Riley, C. V.] Galls on Eucalyptus. <Amer. Nat., May [16 
 
 April], 1881, V. 15, p. 402. 
 Critical review of paper by R. McLachlan ; the supposed dipterous galls prob- 
 ably cecidomyidous; the supposed lepidopterous galls probably oot lepi- 
 dopterous, but inhabited by a lepidopterous inquiliuo. 
 
276 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1966. [EiLEY, C. v.] North American Anthomyidce. <Ainer. Nat., 
 
 May [16 April], 1881, v. 15, p. 402. 
 Notice and summary of paper by H. A. Hagen. 
 
 1967. [Riley, C. V.] Galls and gall-insects. <Amer. Kat., May [16 
 
 AprilJ, 1881, V. 15, pp. 402-403. 
 Review of paper by H. F. Bassett, with additional notes on the gall of Cynips 
 [_=z Andricu8'\ quercus-californica found on Quercus doiiglasii and infested by 
 Ozognafhua cornutus^ the Cxjnips produced from this gall all females ; earlier 
 accounts of the gall and of the habits of O. cornutus. 
 
 1968. Riley, C. V. Scale insect on raspberry. <Farmer's Review, 
 
 21 April, 1881, v. 6, p. 243. S.b. No. 23, p. 150. Reprint: 
 <Amer. Nat, June [19 May], 1881, v. 15, p. 487. 
 Remarks ou communication from R. B. Fulton ; occurrence and ravages of a 
 scale {Diaspis harriaii^) \=::Chionaspis furfurus'] on black-cap raspberry in 
 Mississippi; mode of dissemination and means of extermination of Coccidoe. 
 
 1969. Riley, 0. V. Descriptions of some new Toriricidw, leaf-rollers. 
 
 <Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, May, 1882, v. 4, pp. 316-324. 
 Separate: <[St. Louis, Mo.], 28 April, 1881, 9 pp. 
 
 Description of two (2) new genera and thirteen (13) new species of Tortricidw, 
 see the Systematic Index for a list of the same; mention of the food-plants 
 of some of the species. 
 
 1970. Riley, C. V. Larval habits of bee-flies. <Amer. Nat., June [19 
 
 May], 1881, v. 15, pp. 438-447, pi. 6. Separate: <pp. 438-447. 
 Adapted from the 2d Rept. U. S. Ent. Commission, pp. 262-269 ; see No. 1959 
 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 3971. [Riley, C. V.] The periodical Cicada alias "seventeen-year lo- 
 cust." <Amer. Nat., June [19 May], 1881, v. 15, pp. 479-482, 
 fig. 1. Correction: <Ibid., July [22 June], 1881, p. 578. 
 Extract from Ist Rept. State Ent. Mo., with additional notes; figures eggs, 
 pupae, and imago of Cicada [= Tibiceni septendecim, and of twig punctured 
 by the imago for the deposition of her eggs. 
 
 j972. Riley, C. V. A new species of oak coccid mistaken for a gall. 
 <Amer. Nat., June [19 May], 1881, v. 15, p. 482. 
 Description of Kermes galliformis n. sp. [p. 482] occurring on Quercus paluatris 
 in the southern and central United States; the coccid infested hy Eucle- 
 menaia basaettella. 
 
 1913. [Riley, C. V.] The "water- weevil" of the rice-plant. <Amer. 
 Nat., June [19 May], 1881, v. 15, pp. 482-483. Extract: <Ann. 
 Rept. [U. S.] Commissioner Agric. for 1881 and 1882, pp. 130-133. 
 Note on the injury done to rice plants by the larvae of Chalepus trachypygus 
 and by other larvae, probably Lissorhoptrus aimplex; letter from J. Screven; 
 seasons, habits, and ravages of the last-mentioned species. 
 
 1974. [RiLEY, C. v.] The impregnated egg of Phylloxera vastatrix. 
 <Amer. Nat., June [19 May], 1881, v. 15, pp. 483, 484. Reprint: 
 <Amer. Wine and Grape Grower, 1 July, 1881, v. 3, p. 104. 
 S.b. No. 42, pp. 12-13. 
 Verification by P. Graell of author's conclusion that the impregnated egg of 
 Phylloxera vaatatrix would generally be foui^d lio liaptcb in the g^W© ee^SOtt 
 in which it W9.8 liiidi 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 277 
 
 1975. Riley, C. V. Works on North American Microlepidoptera. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., June [19 May], 1881, v. 15, pp. 484-486. 
 
 Review of works of T. doGrej' [Lord WalsinghamJ; discusHioii of new genera; 
 list of Tortricida: of economic interest commou to Europe and North America; 
 additions to the syuonouiy of Tortricida;. 
 
 1976. [Riley, C.V.J Moths mistaken for AZefta. <Amer. Nat., June 
 
 [19 MayJ, 1881, v. 15, pp. 486-487. 
 
 Plaiyhypena {_= Hypena'] scabra and Plwieria atomaris mistaken for Aletia 
 argillacea [ = xylina]; hibernating habits of the first species. 
 
 1977. [Riley, C. Y.] Specific vahie of Apatura alicia Edw. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., June [19 MayJ, 1881, v. 15, p. 487. 
 
 Critical review of paper by W. H. Edwards. 
 
 1978. Riley, C. Y. Antigaster vs. Eupelmus. <Ca. Ent., May, 1881, 
 
 V. 13, p. 114. 
 Validity of L. O. Howard's reasons for considering Antigaster a synonym of 
 Eupelmus. 
 
 1979. Riley, C. Y. The periodical Cicada alias " seventeen-year locust." 
 
 <Farmer's Review, 16 June, 1881, v. 6, p. 370. S.-b. No. 42, 
 pp. 18-20. 
 
 Extract from 1st Rept. State Ent. Mo., with additional notes and request for 
 further information in regard to the chronology and geographical distribu- 
 tion of the broods of Cicada [= Tt&icen] septendecim and C, [ = 2'.] trcdecim 
 which appear in 1881. ' 
 
 1980. [Riley, C. Y.] Dimorphism in Cynipidce. <Amer. Nat., July [22 
 
 June], 1881, v. 15, p. 566. 
 Claim of author to have made the first record at least in North America of 
 proof of dimorphism in Cynipidw; notice of writings of B. D. Walsh, II. F. 
 Bassett, and H. Adler on the subject; list of species of Cynipidw in which 
 the occurrence of dimorpliic forms has been proven, and of closely allied 
 species in which no alternate generation seems to occur. 
 
 1981. [RiLEY, C. Y.] Blepharoceridce. <Amer. Nat., July [22 June], 
 
 1881, V. 16, pp. 567-568. 
 Account of various investigations into the natural history of Blepharoceridce; 
 description of larvie and jiupie of these flies. 
 
 1982. [Riley. C. Y.j Braula ccvca not particularly injurious to the 
 
 honey-bee. <Amer Nat., July [22 June], 1881, v. 15, p. 568. 
 Notice of paper of J. Fedarb; ravages of Braula ctvca in hives generally over- 
 estimated at present and formerly unknown. 
 
 1983. [Riley, C. Y.] Economic entomology in England. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 July [22 June], 1881, v. 15, p. 568.' 
 Notice of Miss E. A. Ormerod's report for 1880. 
 
 1984. [Riley, C. Y.] Tbe cultivation of pyrethrum and manufacture 
 
 of the powder. <Amer. Nat, 1881, v. 15, July [22 June], pp. 
 569-572; September [23 August], pp, 744-746; October 1 23 
 September], pp. 817-819. See: <Ainer. Wine and Grape 
 Grower, December, 1881, v. 4, p. 22. S.-b. No. 51, p. 149. 
 Partial history of the use of pyrethrum powder as an insecticide; directiona 
 for the caltivation of the plants and for the production and use of the pow- 
 der 
 
278 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 1985. [EiLEY, C. v.] Hudson Bay Lepidoptera. <Amer. Nat., July 
 
 [22 Juue], 1881, v. 15, pp. 572, 573. 
 Review of paper of J. J. Weir ; reprint of the list of Lepidoptera and of the re- 
 marks ou the exphmation of the relations of the fauna of Hudson's Bay to 
 that of Europe ; probability that the species identical with those of Europe 
 are recent immigrants. 
 
 1986. [Riley, C. V.] Trade in insects. <Amer. Nat., July [22 June], 
 
 1881, V. 15, p. 573. 
 
 General decline in prices of insects within sixty years or more; statement of 
 some prices obtained for Coleoptera recently. 
 
 1987. [EiLEY, C. v.] Ants injurious in Arizona. <Amer. Nat., July 
 
 [22 Juue], 1881, v. 15, pp. 573, 574. 
 Statement by H. H. Rusby of ravages of Formioidw, which occur in vast col- 
 onies. 
 
 1988. [RiLEY', C. v.] Covering of egg-puncture mistaken for Dorthesia. 
 
 <Ainer. Nat., July [22 June], 1881, v. 15, p. 574. 
 Waxy material covering the egg-punctures of Enchophijllum \^^= Enchenopa'\ 
 binotaia, labeled Dorthesia riburni and D. celastri in collection of A. Fitch. 
 
 1989. [Riley, C. V.] [Bolerus unicolor.] <Amer. Nat., July [22 June], 
 
 1881, V. 15, p. 574. 
 
 Doubts the statement of H. Keenau that the imagos of Dolerus unicolor injure 
 the fruit buds of pear-trees. 
 
 1990. [Riley, C. V.] Supposed army-worm in New York and other 
 
 Eastern States. <Amer. Nat., July [22 June], 188J, v. 15, pp. 
 674-577. 
 
 Ravages of Nephelodes violans and Crambus vnlgivagellus iu New Jersey, Long 
 Island, and northern New York; natural historj-, vernacular names, and 
 description of the larva of the former species; previous accounts of this 
 larva. 
 
 1991. [RiLEY, C. v.] Migration of butterflies. <Amer. Nat., July [22 
 
 June], 1881, v. 15, p. 577. 
 Report by J. H. Mellichamp of the eastward flight of thousands of Pieris mo- 
 nusie in small groups of two, three, or more individuals, ou 1 and 2 June, 
 1881, over Bluffton, S. C. ; description of larva and pupa ; food-plants of 
 larva. 
 
 1992. [RiLEY, C. v.] Classification of the mites. <Amer. Nat., July 
 
 [22 June], 1881, v. 15, pp. 577-578. 
 » Abstract of letter of G. Haller ; observations on the appendages and sys- 
 
 tematic position of the Acarina. 
 
 1993. [Riley, C. V.] Carrying out the law. <Amer. Nat., July [22 
 
 June], 1881, v. 15, p. 578. 
 A fine of £?> imposed upon a man in England for importing living Doryvhora 
 decemlineata into that country. 
 
 1994. Riley, C. V. Locusts and locusts. <N. Y. Tribune, 22 June, 
 
 1881. S.-b. No. 32, pp. 55-56; No. 42, pp. 7-11. 
 
 Cicada [= Tibicen'\ septendecim and C. [T. ] tredecim compared with Caloptenua 
 spretus to explain and correct the confusion of the species by those who 
 call them all ' ' locusts " ; differences in the habits and characters of these 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 279 
 
 1994. KiLEY, C. v.— Coutinned. 
 
 insects, their periodicity and distribution ; no fear that C. spretus will com- 
 mit great ravages this year; recommendation of a system of observations 
 and warnings by the United States Signal Service to guard against unex- 
 pected inroads of C. spretus. 
 
 1995. Riley, C. V. The caterpillar nuisance. <Eveuing Star [Wash- 
 
 ington, D. C], 24 Jane, 1881, v. 57, No. 8802, p. 3. S.-b. No. 
 23, p. 152; No. 42, p. 13. lieprint: <Amer. Nat., September 
 [23 August], 1881, V. 15, pp. 747-748, 1 lig. 
 Natural history of Hyphantria textor {^=cunea']; means against it; methods 
 of applying poisoned liquids to trees. 
 
 1996. Riley, C. V. Directions for cultivating pyrethrum for insect 
 
 powder. <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, June, 1881, v. 23, pp. 
 172-173. S.-b. No. 23, p. 153. 
 
 Directions for raising Pyrethrum cineraricefolium from seed ; climate not favor, 
 able to the growth of P roseum ; preparation of these plants for the de- 
 struction of insects. 
 
 1997. Riley, C. Y. Cotton-worras and Cicadas. Prof. Stelle's logic ! 
 
 <Selma [Ala.] Times, 19 July, 1881. S.-b. No. 24, pp. 44-45; 
 No. 39, p. 123. 
 Criticism of statements of J. P. Stelle; impossibility of exterminating AUtia 
 xylina; waves of destructiveness; Cicada l^Tibicen'\ tredccim abundant in 
 sections of Alabama, as predicted. 
 
 1998. Riley, C. Y. The Rocky Mountain locust alias Western grass- 
 
 hopper. <Amer. Agric, July, 1881, v. 40, pp. 283-284, 6 figs. 
 S.-b. No. 23, p. 142. 
 
 Summary of facts concerning the egg-laying development, habits, food-plants, 
 destructive powers, migration, flight, and enemies of and means against 
 Caloptenus spretus; figures of the eggs of the insect in all stages, of the 
 manner of oviposition, and of pans for the destruction of the locusts; pros- 
 pects of future injury. 
 
 1999. Riley, C.Y. Lepidopterological notes. <Papilio, July, 1881, v. 
 
 1, pp. lOG-lIO. 
 Advance print of extracts from Bull. No. G, U. S. Entomological Commission, 
 pp. 56-58, 78, 82-83. See No. 2026 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2000. Riley, C. Y. Further notes on the pollination of Yucca and on 
 
 Pronuba and Frodoxus. <Proc. Amer. As.soc. Adv. Sci. for 
 1880, 14 October, 1881, v. 20, pp. 617-639, 16 figs. Separate : 
 <[Salem, Mass, July, 1881], 23 pp., 16 figs. 
 
 Recapitulation of published observations on Pronuha yuccaseUa and Prodoxus 
 decipiens, with additional observations and references to literature; habits 
 and functions of the two species; descriptions and figures of the generic 
 characters of Prouuba, Prodoxus, and Hyponomcuta, and of the specific char- 
 acters of Pronuba yuccaseUa, P. maculata n. sp., Prodoxus decipiens, P. inter- 
 medins n. sp., P. marginatus n. sp., P. cinereus n. sp., /'. anescena n. sp., 
 Hyponomeuta malinella, and H. muUipuncteUa, especially the structure of the 
 ovipositor and the male characters, and the venation of the wings ; discus- 
 sion of the structure of the ovipositor in Lepidoptera characterization of 
 the new family Prodoxidw to comprise Pronuba and Prodoxus; generic and 
 specific synonymy ; reply to criticism of T. Median ; list of insects frequent- 
 ing Yucca; synouymical list of the described Prodoxia. 
 
280 BIBLIOGEAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2001. EiLEY, C. V. Additional notes on the army worm, Leucania uni- 
 
 puncta. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1880 [U October], 
 1881, V. 29, pp. 640-642. Separate : <Salem, Mass., July, 1881, 
 pp. 24-26. Abstract: <Boston Daily Advertiser, 2 September, 
 1880, V. 136, p. 4. 
 
 Number of annual generations of Leucania unipuncta; stages at which hiber- 
 nation takes place ; occasional immigration of moths into uninfested dis- 
 tricts ; preferred breeding-places; connection of wet and dry seasons with 
 the abundance of these insects. 
 
 2002. Riley, C. V. The hitherto unknown life-habits of two genera of 
 
 bee flies, BonihylUdce. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1880 
 [14 October], 1881, v. 29, p. 649. Separate : <Salem, Mass., 
 July, 1881, p. 33. 
 
 Food-animals and food-habits of Systoechns oreas and Triodites mtis ; parallel- 
 ism in the life-history of Bomhyliidw and Meloidce; connection of the abun- 
 dance of insects of these families in the western United States with the 
 prevalence of Acrididw there ; retardation of development in theearly stages 
 of these parasites explained as a beneficial characteristic. 
 
 2003. Riley, C. V. A remarkable case of retarded development. <Sci. 
 
 Amer., 20 August, 1881 [v. 59], n. s., v. 45, p. 116. S.-b. No. 23, 
 p.—. 
 
 Report of a case in which eggs of Caloptenus spretus remained undeveloped 
 for a period of four and one-half years after being laid ; remarks upon the 
 problems involved in the explanation of retarded development. 
 
 2004. [Riley, C. V.] Blepharoceridce. <Amer. Nat., September [23 Au- 
 
 gust], 1881, v. 15, p. 748. 
 
 Discovery by J. Q. Adams of pupae and imagos of Blepharoceridce at Water- 
 town, N. Y. 
 
 2005. [Riley, C. Y.] Remarkable case of retarded development. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., September [23 August], 1881, v. 15, pp. 748-749. 
 Eggs of Caloptenus spretus, buried about 25 cm. (10 inches) under ground, re- 
 mained unhatched and alive for four and one-half years, and hatched upon 
 being exhumed. 
 
 2006. [Riley, C. V.] Promotion of silk-culture in California. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., September [23 August], 1881, v. 15, p. 749. 
 
 Answer to letter of Mrs. T. H. Hittell ; popularization of silk-culture in Cali- 
 fornia ; preparation of the fiber for the market. 
 
 2007. [Riley, C. V.] Locust flights in Dakota. >Amer. Nat., Septem- 
 
 ber [23 August], 1881, V. 15, pp. 749-750. 
 Flights of Caloptenus spretus in Dakota on 7th and 16th Jnly, 1881 ; large 
 numbers of Diplax rubicundula accompanying the locusts. 
 
 2008. [Riley, C. V.] The Hessian fly. <Amer. Nat., September [23 
 
 August], 1881, V. 15, p. 750. 
 
 Extensive damages done by Cecidomyia destructor in Illinois and Missouri ; its 
 abundance in the western prairie States in 1881. 
 
p 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 281 
 
 2009. [Riley, C. V.] The genuine army-worm in tbe West. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., September [23 August j, 1881, v. 15, p. 750. 
 Occnrreuce ami ravagos of Leiicania unipuncia in Illiiiois and Indiana in 
 1881 ; these larvae either from eggs of hibernated moths or of a second lirood ; 
 other insects mistaken for this iu other States ; periods of the Leuvania and 
 inllueuce of the seasons npou it. 
 
 2010. [Riley, C. Y.] A new imported enemy to clover. <Amer. Nat, 
 
 September [23 August], 1881, v. 15, pp. 750-751. 
 
 Clover injured by Phytouomus ptinctatiis at BarriuRtou, ^^ Y., in July, 1881. 
 
 2011. [Riley, C. V.] Another enemy of the rice-phint. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 September [23 August], 1881, v. 15, p. 751. 
 Rice-phints injured by the hirva of Laphi/gma frugipcrda in Georgia in the 
 snmnier of 18il. 
 
 2012. [RiLEY, C. v.] Canker-worms. <Amer. Nat., September [23 Au- 
 
 gust], 1881, V. 15, p. 751. 
 Excessive ravages of Palcacrita vernata in Tazewell County, Illinois, in 1881. 
 
 2013. [Riley, C. v.] Lepidopterological notes. <Amer. Nat., Septem- 
 
 ber [23 August], 1881, V. 15, pp. 751-752. 
 Advance extract from Bull. No. 6, U. S. Entomological Commission, pp. 55- 
 56. See No. 2026 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2014. Riley, C. V. The periodical Cicada. <Amer. Agric, August, 
 
 1881, V. 40, p. 132, 5 figs. S.-b. No. 23, p. 141. 
 Brief sketch of the natural history of Cicada l^Tibicen'] aeptendecim and C. 
 [= T.] tredecim, with figures of all stages and of punctured twigs; the re- 
 puted stinging by these insects jirobably done by Stizns (jrandis 1=^ Spheciua 
 speciosus'] ; figure of the Slij:u8 ; recommends the substitution of the name 
 "periodical Cicada" in place of the name "locust." 
 
 2015. Riley, C. V. Entomological notes. <Farmer'8 Review, 22 Sep- 
 
 tember, 1881. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 54-55. Reprint: <Amer. Nat., 
 [3] December, 1881, v. 15, i)p. 1012-1013. See : <Sci. Amer., 11 
 February, 1882. S.-b. No. 38, p. 1^. 
 Abstract and critical review of paper by M. Saint-Andrd ; attempted explana- 
 tion of the immunity of grape-vines in sandy soil from the ravages of Phyl- 
 loxera vastatrix. 
 
 2016. RiLEY", C. V. '^otes on Hydrophilus triangul^iris. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 October [23 September], 1881, v. 15, pp. 814-817, figs. 1-2. 
 Description and figures of egg-case and figures of eggs and of male imago, 
 with structural details of Hydrophilua triaiigularia ; characters and life-his- 
 tory of the larva and pupa ; figures of eggs, egg-case, larva, and pupa of 
 H. piceu8 of Europe. 
 
 2017. [ Riley, C. V.J Migration of plant-lice from one plant to another. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., October [23 September], 1881, v. 15, pp. 819-820. 
 Exposition of J. Lichtenstein's theory that most Aphididw, especially gall- 
 making Pemphigini, live upon two different plants in passing through their 
 cycle of development ; cites instances in which the host-plants are of differ- 
 ent families. 
 
 2018. [Riley, C. v.] The chinch-bug. <Amer. Nat., October [23 Sep- 
 
 tember], 1881, V. 15, pp. 820-821. 
 The abundance of Jilisaus hncopterus is connected with the moistare of the 
 season ; extraordinary noxiousness of this insect in the dry season of 1881 
 in various parts of the United States. 
 
282 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2019. [Riley, C.Y.] Phylloxera laws. <Amer. Nat., October [23 Sep- 
 
 tember], 1S81, V. 15, p. 821. 
 Summary of the exisiing laws regulating the traffic in plants, with a view of 
 preventing the introduction of P/ij/i/oxera vasiatrix into different countries. 
 
 2020. [I^ILEY, C. v.] One half the viue area of Frauce affected by Phyl- 
 
 loxera. <Amer. ISTat., October [23 September], 1881, v. 15, p. 
 821. 
 
 Statement that nearly one-fonrth of the area of vineyards in France ia de. 
 etroyed by Phylloxera vastairix and as much more attacked ; submersion the 
 only sure remedy, and the use of American resisting stocks the only avail- 
 able preventive. 
 
 2021. [Riley, C. V.] London purple and Paris green. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 October [23 September], 1881, v. 15, p. 821. 
 Loudon purple more than twice as efficacious and less expensive than Paris 
 green as an insecticide ; it needs to be well ground; composition of London 
 purple. 
 
 2022. [Riley, C. V.] Entomologist for the Pacific coast. < Amer. Nat., 
 
 October [23 September], 1881, v. 15, pp. 821-822. 
 Notice of attempts made to have a State entomologist apijointed in California. 
 
 2023. [Riley'', 0. v.] Dilar in North America. <Amer. Nat., October 
 
 ['Z3 September], 1881, v. 15, p. 822. 
 Notice of paper by R. McLachlan. 
 
 2024. [Riley, C. V.] Locusts in Nevada. <Amer. Nat., October [23 
 
 September], 1881, v. 15, p. 822. 
 Statement from Reno [Nov.] Jourual that the countless locusts which hatched 
 in western Nevada in the spring of 1861 flew toward the Sierra Nevada 
 without doing any injury. 
 
 2025. [Riley, C. V.j Odor in butterflies. <Amer. Nat., October [23 
 
 September], 1881, v. 15, p. 822. 
 Notice of paper by Miss M. E. Murtfeldt. 
 
 2026. Riley, C. V. General index and supplement to the nine reports 
 
 on the insects of Missouri. <Bull. No. 6, TJ .S. Ent. Commission 
 [24 March], 1881, 178 pp. 
 Order of matter : (1) Introduction. (2) Table of contents. (3) Corrections. 
 (4) Notes and additions. (5) Descriptions of new species and varieties. 
 (6) List of descriptions of adolescent states. (7) List of descriptions, mostly 
 amplified, of species not new. (8) List of illustrations by reports. (9) 
 Classified list of illustrations. (10) General index. (11) Index to food- 
 plants. 
 
 2027. [Riley, C. V.] The permanent subsection of entomology at the 
 
 recent meeting of the A. A. A. S. <Amer. Nat., 1881, v. 15, 
 November [28 October], pp. 909-912 ; [3] December, pp. 1008- 
 1011. 
 
 Notice of the meeting at Cincinnati, Ohio, August. 1881, with abstracts and 
 notices of papers read. 
 
 2028. Riley, C. V. The new imported clover enemy. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 November [28 October], 1881, v. 15, pp. 912-914. 
 Occurrence and habits of Phytonomiis inmctatus in New York ; description of 
 the egg and larva of the same ; food-plants of the European species of 
 Phytonomus. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 283 
 
 2029. JRiLEY, 0. V. Crambus vulgivagellm. <Auier. Nat., November 
 
 [28 October], 1S81, v. 15, pj). 914-915. 
 Excessive abundance of this species in the eastern United States in 18rtl ; de- 
 scription of the egg; method of oviposition. 
 
 2030. Riley, C. V. Larval habits of Sphenophori that attack corn. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., November [28 October], 1881, v. 15, pp. 915-91G. 
 Several species of Sjyhciiopltorun iujniious to inaize-plauts iu different parts of 
 the United States; habits and ravages of S. robuntu8. 
 
 2031. [Riley, C. V.] Effect of drought on the Hessian fly. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., November [28 October], 1881, v. 15, p. 91G. See : <N. E. 
 Farmer, 10 December, 1881. S.-b. No. 45, p. 39. <Farmer'8 
 Review, 15 December, 1881. S.-b. No. 45, p. 99. 
 
 Hot and dry weather dries up and kills Cecidomyia destructor and its parasites. 
 
 2032. [Riley, C. V.] SimuUum from Lake Superior. <Araer. Nat., 
 
 November [28 October], 1881, v. 15, p. 91G. 
 Notice of paper by H. A. Hagen ; larvie and pupa; from Lake Superior simi- 
 lar to those oi' S. piciipes, but the images from the same locality are different. 
 
 2033. [Riley, 0. V,] Coleopterous cave fauna of Kentucky. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., November [28 October], 1881, v. 15, pp. 910,917. 
 Notice of H. G. Hubbard's investigations; AdeJops contains but one species, 
 which seems to be equally common in all caves in the State ; Ancphthalmua 
 contains several species, and more may be expected to be found. 
 
 2034. [Riley, C. Y.] Hemipterological studies. <Amer. Nat., No- 
 
 vember [28 October], 1881, v. 15, p. 917. 
 Notice of paper of V. Signoret. 
 
 2035. [RiLEY^, C. V.J Entomology in Buffalo, N. Y. <Amer. Nat, 
 
 November [28 October], 1881, v. 15, p. 917. 
 Notice of Vol. 4, No. 1, of the Bulletin of the Bulfalo Society of Natural 
 Science-; list of entomological papers therein. 
 
 2036. [Riley, C. V.J Lampyridai. <Amer. Nat., November [28 Octo- 
 
 ber], 1881, V. 15, p. 917. 
 Notice of paper by J. L. Leconte. 
 
 2037. [Riley, C. V.J Severe cold and hibernating apple-worms. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., November [28 OctoberJ, 1881, v. 15, ji. 917. 
 According to A. J. Cook larvai of Carpocapm pomondla were killed in their 
 cocoons where exposed to the severe cold of the winter of 1880-1881. 
 
 2038. Riley, C. V. | Address delivered 4 November, 1881, at the cotton 
 
 convention held in Atlanta, Ga., 2-4 November, 1881.] <[U. 
 S. Department of Agriculture.] Address of Hon. George B. 
 Loring . . . and other proceedings of the cotton convention, 
 Washington, 1881, pp. 19-35. Reprint: < Atlanta Constitu- 
 tion, 5 November, 1881. S.-b. No. 24, p. 34. 
 
 Beneficial and injurious inllnence of insects; methods of connteractinf; the 
 'same; ravages and natural history of and so.irrh for means against J /»<ta 
 argillacea {_=xyUnay, improved methods and contrivances for the applica- 
 tion of poisons to plants. 
 
284 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2039. EiLEY, 0. V. The chinch bug. <Amer. Agric, November, 1881, 
 
 V. 40, p. 476, figs. 1-3. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 21-23. 
 Ravages, food-plants, and natural history of Blissus Jencopierus; descriptions 
 and figures of its several stages and of dimorphic form of the imago ; effect 
 of wet weather upon it. 
 
 2040. [Riley, C. v.] Retarded development in insects. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 [3] December, 1881, v. 15, pp. 1007-1008. Reprint: <Proc. 
 Amer, Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1881, [13 October], 1882, v. 30, pp. 
 270, 271. Notice : <Gardener's Chronicle, 27 May, 1882, v. 17, 
 pp. 708-709. S.-b. No. 42, p. 31. 
 Eggs of Caloptenus spreUts retained their vitality four and one-half years un- 
 der abnormal environment aud then hatched on exposure to normal con- 
 ditions; speculations on the cause of the phenomena of retardation of de- 
 velopment. 
 
 2041. [Riley, C. V.] Preparation of Diptera. <Amer. Nat., [3] De- 
 
 cember, 1881, V. 15, p. 1008. 
 
 Notice of paper of J. Mik. 
 
 2042. [Riley, C. V.] Another herbivorous ground-beetle. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., [3] December, 1881, v. 15, p. 1011. 
 
 Anisodactylus confusns injuring strawberry-plants in California. 
 
 2043. [Riley, C. V.] A disastrous sheep parasite. <Amer. Nat., [3] 
 
 December, 1881, v. 15, p. 1011. 
 
 A parasite {Trichodcctes oris f) doing great injury to sheep in Illinois. 
 
 2044. [Riley, C. V.] Locusts in the West. <Araer. Nat., [3] Decem- 
 
 ber, 1881, V. 15, p. 1013. 
 
 Caloptenus spretus scarce in Colorado and Kansas; Camnula pelliicida aibwix- 
 daut on the Pacific coast; destructiveness of locusts in many parts of 
 South America and of Pachytylua migratorius in Turkey ; means adopted 
 against the latter. 
 
 2045. [Riley, C. V.] Structure of the claw in Psocina. <Amer. Nat.^ 
 
 [3] December, 1881, v. 15, pp. 1013-1014. 
 
 Notice of paper of H. A. Hageu. 
 
 2046. [Riley, C. Y.] Insect collection for sale. <Amer. Nat., [3] De- 
 
 cember, 1881, V. 15, p. 1014. 
 
 Notice of the collection of Coleoptera left by C. Trabrandt. 
 
 2047. Riley, C. V. Peach-tree bark-borer. Important note from Prof. 
 
 C. V. Riley. <Rural New Yorker, 24 December, 1881, v. 40, p. 
 866. S. b. No. 42, p. 13. 
 Habits and ravages of Phlaotribns liminaris; means against bark-borers. 
 
 2048. Riley, C. V. The chinch-bug. <Amer. Agric, December, 1881, 
 
 V. 40, p. 515, figs. 1-4. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 23-2u. 
 Figures Anthocoris [= Triphlepsi insidiosus and Harpacior [_=:. Milyas'] cinctua 
 as enemies of Blissus leucopterus and Nysins destructor \_=:atigustatus'] and 
 Piesma cinerea as likely to be confounded with it ; mentions other enemies 
 of the chinch-bug; means against it; importance of irrigation. 
 
 2049. Riley, C.V. On the o\\]}o?,ition of Prodoxus decipiens. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., January, 1882 [30 December, 1881], v. IG, pp. 62-63. Re- 
 print: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1881 ^13 October], 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 285 
 
 2049. Riley, C. V.— Coutiimed. 
 
 1882, V. 30, p. 272. Separate: <fSalem, Mass., February, 1882], 
 p. 3. 
 
 Time and nuiniu'r of oviposition of I'rodoxns decipieita in nioxii of Tucca fda- 
 meiitosa. 
 
 2050. [Riley, C. V.] Clover insects. <An)er. Nat., January, 1882 [30 
 
 December, 1881], v, IC, p. 63. 
 
 Notice of paper of J. A. Liiitner. 
 
 2051. Riley, C. Y. Horn's classification of the Carabidcc. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., January, 1882 [30 December, 1881], v. 16, pp. 03-04. 
 
 Notice of paper of G. H. Horn. 
 
 2052. [RiLEY, C. v.] The butterfly-trees of Monterey again. <Amer 
 
 Nat., January, 1882 [30 December, 1881], v. 16, p. 64. 
 
 Swarmin.s? and migrating habits of Danais archijtpns; hibernation of the 
 same. 
 
 2053. [Riley, C. V.] Interest felt in economic entomology in Califor- 
 
 nia. <Amer. Nat, January, 1882 [30 December, 1881], v. 10, 
 p. 65. 
 
 Notice of a call issued by the Board of State Horticultural Commissioners of 
 California for a State convention to consider horticultural subjects, includ- 
 ing means against insects. 
 
 2054. [Rlley, C. v.] Obituary. <Amer. Nat., January, 1882 [30 De- 
 
 cember, 1881], V. IG, p. G5. 
 Biographical notice of J. D. Putnam ; aunouueement of the death of G. V. 
 Mniszech. 
 
 2055. Riley, C. V. New insects injurious to agriculture. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., February [25 January], 1882, v. 16, p}). 151-152. Re- 
 print: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 18S1, [13 October], 
 1882, V. 30, pp. 272-273. 
 The occurrence of previously unnoticed noxious insects due to, 1, the intro- 
 duction of species from abroad; *2, previously existing unnoticed species; 
 and 3, the acquisition of new habits by previously known innoxious spe- 
 cies ; in the last case the acquisition of new habits may be accompanied by 
 the acquisition of new descriptioual character, thus constituting a new 
 species; new species thus become developed within brief periods of time. 
 
 2056. [BiLEY, C. v.] New entomological periodicals. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 February [25 January], 1882, v. 16, pp. 152-153. 
 
 Notice of several prospective periodicals. 
 
 2057. [Riley, C. v.] Locust probabilities for 1882. <Araer. Nat, 
 
 February [25 January], 18^2, v. 16, p. 153. 
 Favorable prospects of immunity from ravages of Calopteitua apreiua in 1882. 
 
 2058. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological notes. <Anier. Nat., February 
 
 [25 January], 1882, v. 16, p. 153. 
 Notice of J. J. Weir's paper on the " Le[»idoptera of the Outer Hebrides," etc. 
 
 2059. [Riley, C. V.] Bibliogra])hy of gall literature. <Amer. Nat, 
 
 March [24 February], 1882, v. 16, pp. 24U-247. 
 J^^ot joe of the record of F. TIiQroaa. 
 
286 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 20G0. EiLEY, C. V. A new depredator infesting wheat-stalks. <Amer. 
 Nat., March [24 February], 1882, v. 16, pp. 247-248, fig. 1. 
 Isosoma allynii French is a species of Eiipelmus probably parasitic on some of 
 the wheat-stalk feeders and on some species of Chlorops ; habits and figures 
 of larva and description of female imago of Isosoma tritici [p. 247] ; com- 
 parisons between /. tritici and I, hordei; alleged habits of/, lineare of Eu- 
 rope ; relative conspicuonsuessof the '' humeral spot" in European, Ameri- 
 can, and Australian species of Isosoma. See No. 2063. 
 
 2061. EiLEY, C. V. Further notes on the imported clover-leaf weevil 
 
 {Phytonomus punctatus). <Amer. Nat., March [24 February], 
 
 1882, V. 16, pp. 248, 249. 
 Identitj' of Phytonomus ojnmus Lee. with P. punctatus Fab. ; instances in which 
 injurious insects have been overlooked for a longtime; probability that 
 plant-feeding Coleoptera imported from Europe will not spread far from the 
 Atlantic coast ; some species, injurious in Europe, are thus far innoxious 
 in America ; hibernation of and meaus against P. punctatus. 
 
 2062. [Riley, C. V.] Silk- worm eggs ; prices and where obtained. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., March [24 February], 1882, v. 16, pp. 249-200. 
 Sources from which eggs of Sericaria mori can be obtained in the United States 
 for purposes of silk-culture ; prices at which eggs are sold by Crozier & Co. 
 
 2063. Riley, C. V. The wheat Iso.'toma. A new depredator infesting 
 
 wheat-stalks. <Rural New Yorker, 4 March, 1882. S.-b. No. 
 42, pp. 55-56. See: <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 17 June, 1882. S..b. 
 No. 37, p. 57. 
 
 Description of female imago of Isosoma tritici ; habits, ravages, and distri- 
 bution of and means against the same; comparison with related species; 
 a probable parasite of it, described as Isosoma q,Uynii by G. H, French, be- 
 longs to the genus Eupelmus. See No. 2060. 
 
 2064. Riley, C. Y. Possible food-plants for the cotton-worm. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., April [22 March, 18S2], v. 10, pp. 327-329. Reprint: 
 <Rept. [U. S.j Com. Agric. for 1881 and 1882, 1882 [January, 
 1883], pp. 164-106. Separate : <pp. 164-166. 
 Food-plants of Aletia xylina. See No. 2119 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2065. [RiLEY, C.Y.] Mode of feeding on the larva of Bytiscus. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., April [22 March], 1882, v. 16, p. 330. 
 Notice of paper of E. Burgess ; structure of the mouth of the larva of Dytis- 
 cus ; manner in which this larva feeds. 
 
 2066. [Riley, 0. Y.] Entomological notes. <Amer. Nat., April [22 
 
 March], 1882, v. 16, p. 330. 
 -Brief notices of several articles recently published with items of news. 
 
 2067. [Riley, C.Y.] Riley's researches. Orange insects and the cotton- 
 
 worm ; how the orange insect operates and the cure for its 
 ravages ; the hibernation of the cotton-worm ; settlement of a 
 mooted question. <Florida Daily Times, 29 March, 1882. S.-b. 
 No. 42, pp. 28-29. 
 Report of interview with C. V. Riley ; discovery by W. H. Ashmead that 
 " orange rust" is caused by a mite ; habits of and means against the same ; 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOxMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 287 
 
 2067. BiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 successful application by H. G. Hubbard of an emulsion of kerosene and 
 milk as a means against tbis mito and against scalo-insocts; proof of the 
 hibernation of Aletia argiUacea l^^xylina^ in the extreme south of the 
 United States; means against the Aletia. 
 
 2068. EiLEY, C. V. Prof. C. V. Eiley and the Yucca moth. <Gardener's 
 
 Mo. and Hortic, March, 1882, v. 24, p. 92. S.-b. No. 23, pp. 
 198-199. 
 Critical review and reply to editorial of T. Meehan. 
 
 2069. Riley, C. V. The NocUiidw iu the Missouri entomological reports. 
 
 <Papilio, March, 1882, v. 2, pp. 41-44. Separate : <N. Y., 1882, 
 4 pp. 
 Critical review of paper of A. R. Grote; discussion of the synonymy of the 
 Noctuidoe in the Missouri entomological reports. 
 
 2070. Eiley, C. V. Silk-culture in the United States. <Sci. Amer., 1 
 
 Apiil, 1882 [v. COj, n. s., v. 46, p. 193. S.-b. No. 42, i)p. 93-96. 
 
 Statement of the dangers to be avoided and the obstacles to be overcome for 
 the successful establishment of silk-cuUare iu the United States. 
 
 2071. EiLEY', O. V. Little known facts about well known animals. A 
 
 lecture delivered in the National Museum, Washington, D. C, 
 Aprils, 1882. <Washington, April, 18S2, 32 pp., tigs. See.. 
 <National Farmer, 13 July, 1882. S.-b. No. 42, p. 15. <Prai- 
 rie Farmer, 22 July, 18>52. S.-b. No. 46, p. 99. 
 
 The entomological subjects include brief and popular illustrated accounts of 
 the life-histories and transformations of the house-lly (Miisca domeslica) and 
 mosquito (Citlex pij)it>is): the development of Trombidium from Astoma; 
 parasitism; truth of the theory of evolution; reasons for the prevalent 
 ignorance of natural history; interest aud value ol a knowledge of natural 
 history. 
 
 2072. EiLEY', C. V. Lichtenstein's theory as to dimorphic asexual fe- 
 
 males. <Amer. Nat., May [24 April], 1882, v. IG, j). 40!). 
 Criticism of J. Lichtenstein's theory that winged female Jjj/iirfjda' and asexual 
 female Cyniindw are hirvie, and their eggs pupie; errors in the comi)arison 
 of these forms with the hypermetamorphotic stages of Mcloidw. 
 
 2073. [EiLEY^, C. v.] Naphthaline cones for the protection of insect 
 
 collections. <Amer. Nat., May [24 AprilJ, 1882, v. 16, pp. 409- 
 410. 
 Use of and objections to the use of naphthaline cones ; formula of a preferable 
 protective mixture. 
 
 2074. [EiLEY, C. v.] Injurious insects in California. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 May [24 April |, 1882, v. 16, p. 410. 
 
 Notice of treatise of Matthew Cooke. 
 
 2075. [EiLEY, C. v.] Sarcophaga lineata destructive to locusts in the 
 
 Dardanelles. <Amer. Nat., May [24 April], 1882, v. 10, pp. 
 410-411. 
 Notice of communications, by F. Calvert, regarding the parasitic habits of 
 Sarcophaga lineata, which preys upon (Edipoda cruciata; egg-pods of the 
 eame locust destroyed by larvse of Callostoma faacipennis. 
 
288 BIBLIOGKAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2076. [KiLEY, C. v.] Parasitic Diptera. <Amer. Nat., May [24 AprilJ, 
 
 1882, V. 16, p. 411. 
 Dilophus parasitic in larvae of CTicetoptria hypericana ; the JBihionidw have 
 hitherto been known only as vegetable feeders in the larval state. 
 
 2077. Riley, C. V. The cotton -worm. <Times - Democrat [Xew Or- 
 
 leans], 7 May 1882, v. — , p. 4. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 29-31; 112- 
 113 ; No. 63, pp. 47-48. Eeprint : <Rept. [U. S.] Com. Agric. 
 for 1881 and 1882, 1882 [January, 1883], pp. 157-159. Separate : 
 <pp. 97-99. 
 See No. 2119 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2078. Riley, C. V. The house-fly. <Prairie Farmer, 13 May, 1882. 
 
 S.-b! No. 39, p. 122. See : <Colman's Rural World. 15 June, 
 1882. S.-b. No. 68, p. 194. <Times-Democrat [New Orleans], 
 24 June, 1882. S.-b. No. 42, p. 31. <N. E. Farmer, 5 August, 
 
 1882. 
 Wide distribution of Musca domesiica ; identity of M. harpyia with the species; 
 description of eggs; habits, transformations, and hibei'nation. 
 
 2079. Riley, C. V. Habits of Gybocephalus. <Amer. Nat., June [20 
 
 May], 1882, v. 16, p. 514. , 
 
 Cyhocephahts nigritulus feeds on scales of Chionaspis pinifoUi on Pinna elliottii in 
 South Carolina, and C. califoridcus on a scale on apple-trees in California. 
 
 2080. [Riley, C. V.] One eflect of the Mississippi floods. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., June [20 May], 1882, v. 16, pp. 514, 515. 
 Probability that Hgyrus rugiceps will have been drowned out of the refjion 
 submerged for months by the Mississippi River; liability of the importa- 
 tion of new foes with new seed-plants. 
 
 2081. [Riley, C. V.] Borypliora decemlineata in England. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., June [20 May], 1882, v. 16, p. 515. 
 A living specimen carried from North America to London, England, in a 
 barrel of potatoes. 
 
 2082. [Riley, C. v.] Dr.Dimmock's inaugural dissertation. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., June [20 May], 1882, v. 16, p. 515. 
 Review of G. Dimmock's paper on "The anatomy of the mouth-parts and of 
 the sucking apparatus of some Diptera." 
 
 2083. [Riley, C. V.] The triungulin of Meloidcc. <Amer. Nat, June 
 
 [20 May], 1882, v. 16, p. 515. 
 The triungulin of Meloe proscardbceus was described by J. L. Frisch in 1727. 
 
 2084. [RiLEY, C. Y.] Fossil tineids. <Amer. Nat., June [20 May], 
 
 1882, V. 16, p. 515. 
 Notice of paper of V. T. Chambers; occurrence of the supposed burrow of a 
 tineid larva in a fossil leaf of Acer sp. 
 
 2085. [Riley, C. V.] Classification of North American Coleoptera. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., June [20 May], 1S82, v. 16, pp. 515-516. 
 Notice of the approaching completion of the classification of the Coleoptera 
 of North America bj^ J, L, Leconte and G, H, Horn. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 289 
 
 20S6. EiLEY, C. V. Hibernation of the army-worm. <Amer. Nat, 
 June [20 May], 1881*, v. IG, p. olG. 
 Coulinuation of views iu regard to the hibernation of the larvas of Leucania 
 unijjuncta; places of ovipositiou; prospects of exteusivo injury by these 
 insects in the more northern States in 1882. 
 
 2087. EiLEY, C. V. Chinch-bug and army-worm prospects. <Eural 
 
 is^ew Yorker, 27 May, 1882. S.-b. No. CI, p. 27. 
 
 BUssus Icttcopterus abundant in dry weather; Leucania unijmncta in wet 
 weather; the latter hibernates principally as a larva; its eygs secreted in 
 old grass and stubble; means against L. unipuncta. 
 
 2088. EiLEY', C. Y. Successful management of the insects most de- 
 
 structive to the orange. <Sci. Amer., 27 May, 1882 [v. 60J, 
 n. s., V. 46, pp. 335-336, 5 figs. 
 Treats of Coccidw injurious to the orange; means against the same; use of 
 kerosene emulsion ; figures stages of j^i/tilaspis jiomicorticis l=^pomorum'\, 
 M, (jloveri, and M. citricola. 
 
 2089. EiLEY, C. V. The utilization of ants in horticulture. <]Srature, 
 
 8 June, 1882, v. 26, p. 126. Eeprint : <Gardener's Chronicle, 
 17 June, 1882, v. 17, p. 805. S.-b. No. 42, p. 32. 
 
 Abstract of paper of C. J. Macgowan ; capture aud sale of two species of 
 ants which build ucsts in trees; colonization of these ants iu orange or- 
 chards to destroy injurious insects. 
 
 2090. EiLEY, C. Y. The army-worm vs. the clover hay-worm. Eeme- 
 
 dies for the army-worm. <Eural New Yorker, 10 June, 1882. 
 S.-b. No. 47, pp. 158-159; No. 61, pp. 32-33. Eepriut: <Nat. 
 Farmer, 22 June, 1882. S.-b. No. 37, p. 123. <Lancaster 
 Farmer, July, 1882. S.-b. No. 46, p. 104. <Home and Farm, 1 
 July, 1882. S.-b. No. 37, p. 122. 
 Abundance of Leucania uin2)uncta and Asopia costalis in Alabama and Ten- 
 nessee ; confusion of the army-worm with the clover hay-worm ; prevalence 
 of enemies of and means against the former. 
 
 2091. EiLEY, C. Y. Eepelliug insects by malodorants. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 July [22 Junej, 1882, v. 16, p. 596. 
 Critical review of paper of J. A. Lintner; odorous substances repel insects 
 more by their toxic properties than by their odor; failure of attempts by 
 the nseof strongly smelling substances to prevent oviiiosition ; sight, touch, 
 and taste generally more important in insect economy than smell. 
 
 2092. [EiLEY, C. Y.] Habits of Biitacus aptcrus. <Amer. Nat., July 
 
 [22 June], 1882, v. 16, pp. 596-597. 
 
 Notice of paper of C. K. Osteu Sacken ; locomotion and food-habits of liitia- 
 CU8 ajiterus in California. 
 
 2093. EiLEY, C. Y. Iliih\ti< of Coscinoptera dominicana. <Amer. Nat. 
 
 July [22 June], 1882, v. 16, p. 598. 
 Discovery by F. H. King that Coacinopiera dominicana is inquilinous in ants' 
 nests in its earlier stages ; similar habits of related species. 
 
 2094. [EiLEY, C. Y.] Sun-spots aud insect life. <Amer. Nat, July 
 
 [22 June], 1882, v. 10, pp. 598-599. 
 
 Review of paper of A. H. Swinton ; dependence of certain insect phenomena 
 on the periods of sun-spots, through the detenuination by the latter of me- 
 teorological conditions. 
 
 19 ENT 
 
290 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2095. KiLEY, C. V. The silk-worm. No. 1-3. < National Farmer, 13, 
 
 20, 27 July, 1882. S.-b. No. 35, p. 15 ; No. 48, pp. 32, 49. 
 
 Nature of the silk-worm ; stages, enemies, diseases, races ; wintering and 
 hatching of eggs; feeding and rearing of larvae; the cocoons; spinning and 
 gathering, choking chrysalids; egg-laying, reproduction, reeling, food- 
 plauts. 
 
 2096. Riley, C. V. Change of habit; two new enemies of the egg- 
 
 plant. <Amer. Nat., August [28 July], 1882, v. 16, pp. 678- 
 679. 
 
 Sudden acquisition by Doryphora juncta and by Cassida texana of the habits 
 of feeding on Solamtm mehngeiia, these species having been found pre- 
 viously on S. carolinetise and S. elwagnifolium respectively; occurrence of 
 C. texana on S. caroUnense ; distribution of the two insects. 
 
 2097. Riley, C. V. Notes on Microgasters. <Amer. Nat., August [28 
 
 July], 1882, V. 16, pp. 679-680. 
 Critical review of paper of A. S. Packard ; synomymical notes on Packard's 
 species. 
 
 2098. [EiLEY, C. v.] Are honey-bees carnivorous ? <Amer. Nat., Au- 
 
 gust [28 July], 1882, v. 16, p. 681. 
 Observations of Fritz Miiller on the carnivorous habits of Bi'azilian Apidce. 
 
 2099. [Riley, C. V.] The "overflow bugs" in California. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., August [28 July], 1882, v. 16, pp. 681-682. 
 Extract from letter of Mrs. A. E. Bush, with introductory remarks ; occur- 
 rence of Platynus maculicollis in such abundance as to become a nuisance. 
 
 2100. [Riley, C. V.] Insects and drouth. <Amer. Nat., September 
 
 [24 August], 1882, v. 16, p. 745. 
 Occurrence of excessive drouth iu the spring and early summer of 1880 in 
 New England; statement by S. Lockwood of the exceptional abundance of 
 several insects in New Jersey in that year. 
 
 2101. Riley, C. V. Probable sound organs in sphingid pupae. <Amer, 
 
 Nat., September [24 August], 1882, v. 16, pp. 745-746. 
 
 Occurrence of a peculiar structure on the abdominal joints of the pupae of 
 certain Sphingidce ; genera in which this structure is observed; probable 
 connection of this structure with the function of producing sound as ob- 
 served in Sphinx atropos. 
 
 2102. Riley, C. V. Is Cyrtoneura a parasite or a scavenger ? <Amer. 
 
 Nat., September [24 August], 1882, v. 16, pp. 746-747. 
 
 Cyrtoneura stabulans bred from pupse of Aletia argillacea [= xylina'] usual food 
 of this species ; doubt whether the species is a parasite or is only a scav- 
 enger in decayed pupae ; Phora aletice merely a scavenger ; great liability 
 of pupae of Aletia to decay 
 
 2103. [Riley, C. V.] Habits of Polycaon confertus Lee. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 September [24 August], 1882, v. 16, p. 747. 
 Polycaon confertus bores in twigs of apple- and pear-trees and grape-vines; 
 the larvae probably live in the dead and dry wood of forest-trees. 
 
 2104. Riley, C. Y. Dinoclerus •pusillus as a museum pest. <Amer. 
 
 Nat, September [24 August], 1882, v. 16, p. 747. 
 
 Dinoderus pusillus feeds on cork and paper lining in an insect box ; they oc- 
 cur usually in drugs and other stored and dry vegetal products. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OK ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 291 
 
 2105. EiLEY, C. V. Mynnecopbilous Coleoptera. <Amei-. Nat., Sep- 
 
 tember ['j4 Au^nistJ, 1882, v. 16, pp. 747-748. 
 Larv;e aud iuiagos of Euphoria hbtipes live iu hills of Formica ru/a; pupie of 
 HijmtnoruH rufipea in nests of Formica fnsca and i>f //. obncitrus iu nestH of 
 another species of ant; known niyrniecopliilous habits of Celonia, Cre- 
 mastochilus, Euparia ca-ftunca (in nests of {Solcnopnia xyloni [ = geviinata]), 
 Tenebrionidau and Jnthicus. 
 
 2106. [RiLEY, C. v.] Discontinuance of publication. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 September [24 August], 1882, v. 10, p. 748. 
 Annonncement of the discontinnance of publication of " Revue Col6opt6rolo- 
 gique ; " critical review of the same. 
 
 2107. EiLEY, C. V. Buffalo tree-hopper injurious to potatoes. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., October [28 September], 1882, v. 15, p. 823. 
 Habits, food-plants, aud ravages of Cereaa bubalus. 
 
 2108. [RiLEY, C. v.] Moths attracted by falling water. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., October [28 September], 1882, v. 16, p. 826. 
 Notice of paper of J. S. Gardner ; gleaming water-falls in Iceland as attractive 
 to moths as artificial light would be. 
 
 2109. [Riley, C. V.] A new museum pest. <Amer. Nat., October 
 
 [28 September], 1882, v. 16, p. 820. Reprint : <Psyche, Sep- 
 tember-October, 1882 [1 March, 1884], v. 3, p. 408. 
 Pd-imegatoma variegatum as a pest in collections of insects. 
 
 2110. [Riley, C. V.] Fleas feeding on lepidopterous larvae. <Aiiier. 
 
 Nat., October [28 September], 1882, v. 10, p. 826. 
 Notice of paper of C. J. Bodeu ; abundance of fleas {Pulex sp.) where few or 
 no warm-blooded animals occur may be explained by the feeding of the 
 fleas on insects. 
 
 2111. [RiLEY, C. v.] [Gasteracantha cancer.] <Gonzales [Tex.] In- 
 
 quirer. 30 September, 1882. S.-b. No. 42, p. 15. 
 Habits of Gasteracantha cancer; the male unknown. 
 
 2112. RiLEY, C. V. Cicada septenclecim. <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, 
 
 September, 1882, v. 24, pp. 274-275. S.-b. No. 38, p. 42 ; No. 
 39, p. 6; No. 42, pp. 2-4. 
 Orthography of the names C. [= Tibicen} aeptendecim and C. [= T. ] tredecim ; 
 natural relations of the same; indistinguishability of the species of cer- 
 tain genera ; dimorphic forms more numerous than usually recognized ; 
 Maasospora cicadina parasitic on Cicada. 
 
 2113. KiLEY, C. V. Remarkable felting caused by a beetle. <Rural 
 
 New-Yorker, 14 October, 1882, v. 41, pp. 699-700. S.-b. No. 
 42, p. 16. Reprint, with changes: <Amer. Nat. [2] Decem- 
 ber, 1882, V. 16, pp. 1018-1019. 
 Description of the felting of the interior of a pillow-ticking with fragments 
 of feathers formed by the ravages of Attagenua megatoma within a feather 
 pillow. 
 
 2114. RiLEY, C. V. The buckeye-leaf stem-borer. <Amer. Nat., No- 
 
 vember [28 October], 1882, v. 10, pp. 013-914; See: <Sci. 
 Amer. Suppl., 10 December, 1882. S.-b. No. 47, p. 145. 
 
 Sericoria in9trnlana\C\dky\}o\e = S. 1== Steganopt>jcha'\ claypoleana n. sp.; habits 
 and food-plants of this species and of Proteotcraa mculana ; distinctions 
 between these two species. 
 
292 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2115. [Riley, C. v.] Efficacy of cbalcid egg-parasites. <Amer.Nat., 
 
 November [28 October], 1882, v. 16, pp. 914-915. See : <Prairie 
 Farmer, 2 December, 1882. S.-b. No. 60, p. 123. 
 Beneficial iuflueuce and occasional vast abundance of egg-parasitic Chalcididw 
 and especially of Trichogramma preliosa and of Telenomus sp. 
 
 2116. [Riley, C. V.j On the biology of Gonatoj^us pilosus Thoms. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., November [28 October], 1882, v. 16, p. 915. 
 Notice of paper of J. Mik; parasitism of Gonatopus j'edestris on Athysanus 
 maritima, and. oi G. pilosus on Deltocephalus xanthoneurus; tranaforniations 
 and habits of G.jj(7osH8; probable parasitism of a Gonatopus (G. contortu- 
 lusl) on JmpMscepa bivittata. 
 
 2117. Riley, C. V. Species of Otiorhynchidce iDJurious to cultivated 
 
 plants. <Amer. Nat., November [28 October], 1882, v. 16, pp. 
 915-916. See: <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 16 December, 1882. S.-b. 
 No. 47, p. 145. 
 Aramigus fuUeri the only species of North American Otiorhynchidce whose de- 
 velopment and earlier stages are known ; food-plants of several species ; 
 discovery by G. P. Peffer of the injuries of Anametis grisea upon roots of 
 apple- and pear-trees. 
 
 2118. [Riley, C. V.] Bombyliid larvte destroying locust eggs in Asia 
 
 Minor. <Amer. Nat., November [28 October], 1882, v. 16, 
 pp. 916-917. 
 
 Notice of and extract from communications of F. Calvert ; parasitic habits of 
 Callostoma fascipennis ; similarity of habits of BomhyliidcB in Asia and in 
 North America ; probability that the larvae of Caniharis veslcaioria and of 
 other Meloidce will be found to feed on eggs of Acrididw. 
 
 2119. Riley, C. V. Report of the Entomologist. <Ann. Rept. [U. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric. for 1881 and 1882, 1882 [January, 1883], 
 pp. 61-214, 20 pi. Separate : < Washington, 1 December, 1882, 
 pp. 8+167, 20 pi. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 Introduction 1 
 
 Plan of the report, 1 — Insufficiency of former appropriations to the 
 Entomological Division, 1 — Reorganization of the Division, 1 — 
 Great increase in the correspondence of the Division, 2 — Prepara- 
 tion of special bulletins, 2 — Periodical bulletins desirable, 2 — 
 Special reports in preparation, 2 — Work of the United States En- 
 tomological Commission, 3 — The United States National Museum 
 in connection with the Entomological Division, 3— Assistants, 
 agents, and observers of the Division, 3 — The illustrations to the 
 report, 4. 
 Extracts from correspondence 4 
 
 Miscellaneous correspondence on various insects injurious to vege- 
 tation in 1881-'82, 4. 
 Silk culture 7 
 
 Distribution of eggs by the Department, 7 — Mr. L. S. Crozier's 
 opinion as to the value of American silk products, 7 — Mr. E. 
 Fasnach on the importance of a home market for silk products, 
 8 — Associations, 8 — Ladies' Association at Spring Hill, Ala., 
 8 — Women's Silk Culture Association of California, 8 — Women's 
 Silk Culture Association of the United States, 8 — American Silk 
 Exchange in New York, 8 — Sales of eggs and cocoons in the 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 293 
 
 2119. KiLEY, C. V Contiuued. 
 
 Silk ci'ltcuk— Coutiuued. 
 
 Uuited States, 9— Various reports from correspondents of the 
 division, 9— Experience in 1882 at the Department in raising 
 worms fed on usage orange or mulberry, 11— New mulberry tree 
 from southern Russia, 13— Business ventures in the Uuited States 
 in connection with silk-produciug industry, 13— Sale of eggs, 13— 
 Second edition of the manual of silk culture, 14— Preface thereof, 
 14— Reasons why the growing interest in silk culture in the 
 United States should be checked at the present time, 15— Import 
 duty on raw silk demanded, 16. 
 
 Pyrethrum: Its use as ax insecticide 16 
 
 Circular in reference to Pyrethrum, 16— Distribution of seed by the 
 Department, 16— History of Pyrethrum in Asia and Dalmatia, 
 1~— Experience in growing Pyrethrum roseiim in America, 17— 
 Soil best adapted for raising the plaut, 18— The Dalmatian plant 
 in California, 18— Experience with raising the plant at Washing- 
 ton, 18— Preparation of the plaut for use, 18— Gathering and dry- 
 ing the flowers, 18— Pulverizing, 19— Keeping the powder, 19— 
 Advantages and disadvantages of the powder as an insecticide, 
 19— How Pyrethrum affects different insects, 19— Modes of ap- 
 plication, 19— Pyrethrum as dry powder, 19— Pyrethrum applied 
 in fumes, 20— Alcoholic extract, 20— The powder stirred up in 
 ■water, 20— Tea or decoction, 21— Reports from persons to whom 
 Pyrethrum seed was sent, 21— Success in raising the plant at 
 Washington, 24— Miss M. E, Murtfeldt's experiments with pow- 
 der on various insects, 25. 
 
 Chinch-bug notes. BUsshs lencoptems 27 
 
 Professor Thomas' predictions for 1881; 27—1881 a chinch-bug year, 
 27— Injury in spring of 1882 in the western States, 27— Irriga- 
 tion as remedy, 28 — Use of kerosene emulsions, 29. 
 
 The army worm, Leucauia nnipuncta 29 
 
 Habitsand natural history, 30— History of investigation in America, 
 30 — Where the eggs are laid, 30 — Wheu the eggs are laid, 31 — 
 Mode of oviposition, 31 — Proliticacy of the moth, 32— Duration 
 of the egg state, 32— Habits of the young worms, 32— Guen<5e'8 
 characterization of Leucania larva', 32 — Marching of the worms 
 abnormal, 33 — The marching worm not a distinct race, 33 — Dura- 
 tion of worm life, 34 — Remedies, 34 — Burning old grass, 34 — 
 Predictions of army-worm years unreliable. 35— Meteorological 
 influences on the species, 3.5 — Ditching and fencing as remedies, 
 36 — Use of arsenical poisons, 36 — Kerosene and coal tar, 36 — 
 Heavy rolling not to be recommended, 37 — ''Drawing the rope" 
 of little avail against the worm, 37 — Mr. L. O. Howard's report 
 on army-worm injury, 1881, in Illinois and Indiauiv, 37— Reports 
 from correspondents, spring of 1882, 39 — Rev. Samuel Lock- 
 wood's account of the invasion of 1880, in New Jersey, 44. 
 SCAXE INSKCTS OF THE 0RAN(;K, BY H. G. HlBBARD 46 
 
 Characterization of the species, 46 — Comparative destructiveness 
 of the three species treated of, 47 — Periods of migration, growth, 
 and incubation, 47 — Scale insects easily assailable only during a 
 brief period of their development, 48 — The hatching process and 
 its maximum periods, 48 — Great vitality of the eggs, 49 — The 
 work of enemies and parasites, 49 — Lady-bugs, lace-wings, and 
 lepidopterous euemies, 48 — Importance of mites as external 
 
294 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2119. KiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Scale insects of the orange— Continued. 
 
 enemies of scale insects, 49 — Hyrnenopterous parasites the most 
 efficient destroyers, 49 — Sudden outbursts of the pest, 50 — De- 
 struction of the scales by their own undue increase, 51 — Injury 
 inflicted on young trees, and faulty methods of destroying the 
 scales, 51 — Recapitulation, 51 — Remedies, 52 — Danger in apply- 
 ing undiluted volatile oils, 52 — Kerosene, when properly applied, 
 not injurious to the tiee, 52 — Process of preparing kerosene 
 butter, 52 — Nature of kerosene butter, 53 — How it should be ap- 
 plied, 54 — The kerosene butter a sure remedy, 54 — How it affects 
 the scales and the eggs, 54 — The aquapult force-pump very 
 convenient for applying kerosene emulsions, 54 — Effect of kero- 
 sene emulsion on the tree, 55 — Kerosene emulsions experimented 
 with, 55 — Whale oil soap as remedy, 56 — Oil of creosote, its 
 effect on scale insects and on the trees, 56 — Saponaceous com- 
 pounds of creosote, 57 — Creosote inferior to kerosene as insecti- 
 cide, 57 — Various other substances as remedies, 57 — Tables of 
 experiments, 60 — Note on more recent discoveries in producing 
 kerosene emulsions, by C. V. Riley, 67. 
 Insects affecting the rice-plant 67 
 
 Rice production in the United States in 1879, 67. 
 The rice-grub, Chalepus trachypygus 68 
 
 Mr. L. O. Howard's observations on the occurrence and habits of 
 the insect, 68 — It can easily be kept in cbeck, 68 — Structural char- 
 acters and geographical distribution of the genus Chalepus, 69 — 
 Description of imago and larva, 69. 
 The water-weevil, Lissorhoptr us simplex 70 
 
 Colonel Screven on the specific identity of "the maggot " and " the 
 water-weevil," 70 — Mr. L. O. Howard's report on the occurrence 
 of larva and beetle in rice-fields, 70 — Habits of the beetle, 71 — 
 Remarkable shape of the larva, 71 — Characters of the genus Lis- 
 sorhoptrus, 72 — Description of the imago, 72 — Description of the 
 larva, 72. 
 The rice-stalk borer, Chilo oryzaeUus 73 
 
 Mr. Howard's account of the work of the larva and the damage 
 caused by it, 73 — Enemies, 74 — Preventive measures, 74 — Difficul- 
 ties in the specific determination of the insect, 74 — Characteris- 
 tics of the genus Chilo, 75 — Description of the moth, 75 — Descrip- 
 tion of larva and pupa, 75. 
 White blast 76 
 
 Colonel Screven's account of the disease, 76 — Mr. Howard's observa- 
 tions on the insects found on the diseased plants, 77 — The blast 
 possibly caused by insect work, 77. 
 Other Insects inj urious to growing rice 78 
 
 The "grass- worm" and its injury, 78 — The "lubber grasshopper," 
 78 — Acridium obsciimm and various Heteroptera, 78. 
 
 Insects affecting corn or maize 78 
 
 The corn-bill bug, Sphenophorus robusfus 78 
 
 Species of Sphenophorous injurious to agriculture, 78 — Nature of 
 damage done by the beetles, 79 — Mr. Howard's report on the work 
 of the larva and its development, 79 — Preventive measures, 80 — 
 Burning the stubble in winter time to be recommended, 80 — Gen- 
 eric characters of Sphenophorus and its natural groups, 80 — Diag- 
 nosis of the imago, 81 — Description of the larva, 81 — Larva of 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 295 
 
 2119. Riley. C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Insects affecting cokn ou iMAizE — Continued. 
 
 Rhodohivnus Vi-punctatus and Rhynchophorua zimmermannx, 82 — 
 Description of the pupa, 82. 
 
 The smaller corn-stalk borer, Pempelia lignoseUa 82 
 
 First appearance of the pest, 82 — Geograpbical distribution in tho 
 United States, 8:}— Habits and natural history, 8:{— Work of tho 
 larva, 83— Transformation, 83— Habits of tho moth, H:?_Prevent 
 ive measures, 84 — Color variations of tho moth, 84— Mouth parts 
 of the moth, 84— Description of the larva, 84— Description of the 
 pupa, 85. 
 
 The boll-worm, alias corn-worm, Heliothis armigera 85 
 
 Injury to corn in 1881, 85— Food-plants, 85— Identity of the com- 
 worni and boll-worm, 85— Number of broods in the northern 
 States, 86— Nature of damage done to corn, 86 — The worm also 
 feeding on hard corn, 87— Corn-feeding broods in the southern 
 States, 87— Damage done to tomatoes, 88— Food-plants of the 
 families Solauace:e and Leguminoste, 88— Cucurbitaceous and 
 malvaceous food-plants, 89— Various other food-plants, 89— List 
 of food-plants probably still incomplete, 89— Carnivorous habit 
 of the worm, 89— Report upon Heliothis armigera, by Judge Law- 
 rence Johnson, 90. 
 
 The cotton-worm, Aleiia xylina ^2 
 
 Address by C. V. Riley before the Atlanta cotton convention, 93— 
 Past work on the practical side of the cotton-worm question, 93— 
 Obstacles and difficulties of the investigation, 93— Natural his- 
 tory, 94— The insect in its different stages, 94— Time of develop- 
 ment and first appearance of the worms, 94— Poisons best applied 
 from beneath, 95— Improvements in machinery for applying poi- 
 sons, 95— Nozzles of various forms, 96— Machinery for poisoning 
 from below, 96. 
 
 Protection from injury in regions overflowed by the Mississippi 97 
 
 Poisons should be applied to the under surface of the leaves, 98— 
 Paris green and Loudon purple, 96— Sprinkling and sifting, 98- 
 Devicefor mixing poisons and diluents, 98— Arsenic and arseniate 
 of soda, 98 — Early poisoning, 99. 
 
 Poisoning devices— machine for spraying from below 99 
 
 The skid, 99— Device for thorough mixing and filling the barrel, 
 100— Details of barrel, pomp, and stirrer, 100— Inserting and ex- 
 tricating the stirrer-bar, 100— Fork of the descending pipe, 100— 
 
 The nozzles, 102. 
 
 -^ 102 
 
 Damage in ISol *" 
 
 Loss of cotton by worms by States and counties, 102 — Loss of 
 cotton by worms in 1881, tabulated, 104. 
 Possible food-plants of the cotton-worm 1^^ 
 
 No other food-plant than cotton yet found, 104— Eggs of Anomis 
 erosa found on Frvna lobata, 104-Eggsand young larviw of Anomis 
 erosa distinguished from those of ^'eha xiilina, 105— Plants upon 
 which eggs related to Aletia were found in the Department her- 
 barium, 105-Localities for malvaceous plants, with possible 
 food-plants of Aletia indicated, 105. 
 The (luestion of hibernation settled 
 
 Theories of hibernation, 106— Eggs deposited early in March, lOG— 
 The early brood of worms, 10(^Where tho moth hibernates, 
 106— Value of fall and winter preventive work, 106. 
 
 106 
 
296 BIBLIOGEAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2119. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Miscellaneous insects 107 
 
 The Urena anomis, Anomis erosa 107 
 
 Habits and natural history; resemblance to the cotton-worm, 107 — 
 Distribution, 107 — Its eggs mistal^en for those of Aletia, 108 — Dis- 
 tinguishing characters, 108 — Habits of larvae, 108 — Characters of 
 moth, 109— Descriptive, 109. 
 
 The clover leaf-beetle, Phytonomus punctatiis Ill 
 
 Habits of the genus Phytonomus, 111 — Ph. imnctatiis an European 
 insect. 111 — Food-plants of European species, 111 — History of Ph. 
 punctaius in N. A., Ill — Specific identity oi Ph.punclatus and Ph. 
 oinmus, 112 — When first noticed as destructive, 112 — Damage in 
 Yates County, N. Y., in 1881, 112 — Mr. Schwarz'a observations in 
 June, 1882, 113 — Life history of the species, 113 — The eggs, 113 — 
 The newly-hatched larvae, 113 — Method of locomotion of larvaj, 
 114— The cocoon, 114 — Method of spinning, 115 — Its method of 
 spitning differs from that alleged of the European Ph. rumicis, 
 115 — Principal damage done in the beetle state, 115 — Feeds on 
 white and red clover, 115 — Length of life in the different states, 
 115 — Number of annual broods, 11(3 — A second brood exceptional, 
 116— Remedies, 117— Will it spread?, 117 — Natural enemies, 117 — 
 Description of earlier states, 118. 
 
 The vagabond Crambus, Cramhus vuhjivagellns 119 
 
 History of its injury and identification, 119 — Correspondence with 
 Professor Lintner, 119 — Abundance of the. moths in the eastern 
 States in 1881, 119 — Habits and natural history, 119— The eggs, 
 120— The larva and its tube, 120— Habits of the moth, 120— Dam- 
 age done by the worms, 120 — Parasites, 121 — Similarity of habit 
 in an European species, 121 — Remedies, 121 — Descriptive, 121 — 
 Specimens from Vancouver's Island compared, 121 — Descriptions 
 of earlier states, 122— Bibliographical list, 122. 
 
 The wheat Isosoma, Isosoma tritici - 123 
 
 Past history and habits, 123 — When first studied, 123— Professor 
 Thomas finds it in Illinois and Dr. Packard in Virginia, 123 — Its 
 work differs from that of the joint-worm, 123 — Its injuries in 
 Missouri, 124 — Professor French's observations, 124 — Comparisons 
 with the joint-worm and other allied species, 124 — Errors cor- 
 rected, 125 — Its relationship to the European /. lineare; habits 
 of latter, 125 — Number of broods, 125 — Remedies, 125 — Parasites, 
 126 — Descriptive, 126 — Bibliographical list, 126. 
 
 The sorghum web-worm,- y^ola sorghiella .- 127 
 
 Its injuries, 127— Letter from J. P. Stelle, 127— Habits, 128— Method 
 of work, 128 — Systematic position, 128 — Descriptive, 128 — Earlier 
 . stages, 129. 
 
 The catalpa sphinx, Ceratomia catalpce 129 
 
 Value of the catalpa tree, 129 — Its usual exemption from insect 
 attacks, 129 — Past history of Sphinx catalpw, 129— Its larvae used 
 as fish bait, 130 — Its distribution, 130 — Extracts from correspond- 
 ence concerning the larva, 130 — Characters and natural history: 
 The eggs, 131 — The larvae, 131 — The pupa, 131 — Description of 
 the moth, 131 — Number of broods, 132 — Remedies, 132 — Descrip- 
 tive, 132 — Peculiarity of structure of pupa, 133. 
 
 The osage orange sphinx, Ceratomia hageni . 133 
 
 Value of the osage orange, 133 — Its comparative exemption from 
 insect attack, 133 — Rarity of the osage orange sphinx, 133 — Its 
 generic place, 133 — Characters of the species, 134— Its affinities, 
 134 — Description of larva, 134. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 297 
 
 2119. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 REPOUT ON' MISCKLLAXKOUS IXSECTS, BY PUOF. J. IIeXRY COM8TOCK. 135 
 
 The apple-magfjot, Tri/pcta pomomUa 135 
 
 Its iinportatuc couijiared with the codlin moth. 1:55 — Method of 
 work, 135 — Food-phmrs, 135 — Its spread, 13() — Extracts from cor- 
 respondence, 13() — Early apples principally infested, 13G — Tech- 
 nical de8crii)tions of ditferent states, 137 — Remedies, 138 — Manner 
 of distinguishing it from codlin-moth larva, 138. 
 The Tine-loving pomaco-fly, Diosophila ampelophila • 138 
 
 Reasons for popular name, 139 — Reasons for treating of the spe- 
 cies, 139 — Where found, 139 — Rapidity of multiplication, 139 — 
 Destructive to grapes, 139 — Technical descriptions of different 
 stages, 140 — Remedies, 141. 
 The pretty pomace-lly, Drosoph'da amocna 141 
 
 Technical descriptions of dififerent stages, 141 — Remedies, 142. 
 The ocellate leaf-gall of the red-maple, Scia^-a oceUaris 142 
 
 Distribution, 142 — Description of gall, 142 — Description of larva, 
 143 — Its cocoon, 143 — Number of generations, 143 — Gall described 
 as cecidomyid by Osten -Sacken, 143 — Auother gall -making 
 Sciara, 143 — Description of adult male, 144. 
 Ladybirds, Coccinellido' 144 
 
 General remarks on habits, 144 — The ashy-gray ladybird, 144 — De- 
 scription of larva, 144 — Description of pupa, 145 — The adult, 145 — 
 The blood-red ladybird, 145 — Description of pupa, 145 — The lady- 
 bird of the cactus, 145 — Descriptions of larva and pupa, 145 — The 
 ambiguous Hippodaniia, 140 — Descriptions of larva and pupa, . 
 146— Other species observed at Los Angeles, Cal., 146. 
 Methods of destroying scale insects 146 
 
 Note by the Entomologist, dissenting from the conclusions of this 
 article, 146— -Letter from S. F. Chapin, 147— Letter from Matthew 
 Cooke, 148— Method of spraying trees in groves, 148 — Mr. Chapin's 
 contrivance, 148. 
 Lac insects, Carteria 149 
 
 General remarks, 149— The genus Carteria of Signoret, 49— Carferia 
 lacca (Kerr); general appearance, 149 — Preparation for study, 
 150_Technical description, 150— Remarks on Mr. Carter's descrip- 
 tion, Ibl— Carteria larreo' n. sp., 151— Remarks on the creosote 
 plant, 151— Mr. J. M. Stillman's paper, 151— Differs from C. lacca, 
 151— Technical description of C. larrea\ ir^2— Carteria viexicana u. 
 sp., 152— Where found, 152— General appearance, 152— Technical 
 description, 152. 
 A new wax insect, Cerococcm quercus 153 
 
 General description, 153— Can it be utilized ?, 153— C'crococcu/* new 
 genus, 153 — Cerococcm quercus n. sp., 153— Female sac, 153 — Fe- 
 male, 154 — Male sac, 154. 
 Note on the structure of mealy hugs l**"* 
 
 The anal and genital openings distinct, 154— Two pairs of openings 
 homologous with the honey tubes of Aphidida", 154. 
 
 2120. fRiLEY,C.V.] A new rice stalk-borer: Genus-grinding. <Amer. 
 
 Xat, [2 J December, 1882, v. IG, pp. 1014-1015. 
 Extract from Rept. [V. S.] Commis. Agric. for ISSl and 1882, pp. 134-13.-), 
 with additional remarks; Chilo oryzaellus = Diphryi prolatrlla ; Diphn/x 
 Grote founded on a mutilated specimen, with mistake of maxillary for 
 labial palpi. 
 
298 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2121. [Riley, C.V.] A butterfly larva injurious to pine-trees. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., [2] December, 1882, v. 16, pp. 1015-1016. 
 Habits and ravages of Pieris menapia on yellow-pine and tamarack in "Wash- 
 ington Territory. 
 
 2122. [Riley, C. V.J The army-worm in 1882. <Amer. Nat., [2] De- 
 
 cember, 1882, V. 16, p. 1017. 
 Occurrence of Leucania unipuncta in great abundance and with disastroos 
 effects, especially in southern United States in 1882. 
 
 2123. [Riley, C. Y.] The wheat-stalk worm on the Pacific coast. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., [2] December, 1882, v. 16, pp. 1017-1018. 
 Isosoma tritici injuring wheat-stalks in Washington Territory; reference to 
 prior notices of this insect. 
 
 2124. [Riley, G. Y.] Deserved honor. <Amer. Nat., [2] December, 
 
 1882, V. 16, p. 1018. 
 
 Notice of the appointment of Eleanor A. Ormerod to be consulting entomolo- 
 gist to the Royal Agricultural Society of Great Britain. 
 
 2125. [Riley, C. Y.] Important work on Cynipidce. <Amer. Nat., [2] 
 
 December, 1882, v. 16, p. 1018. 
 Notice of G. Mayr's "Die europiiischen Arten der gallenbewohnenden Cyni- 
 piden." 
 
 2126. RiLEY"", C. Y. Emulsions of petroleum and their value as insecti- 
 
 cides. <Rural New Yorker, 9 December, 1882, v. 41, j)p. 833, 
 834. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 17-18. 
 
 Results of experiments made upon methods of using petroleum as an insecti- 
 cide without injury to plants ; soap and milk emulsions the most available ; 
 methods of preparing the same. 
 
 2127. Riley , C. Y. The bean-weevil. <Rural New Yorker, 9 Decem- 
 
 ber, 1882, V. 41, p. 835. S.-b. No. 42, p. 18. 
 Answer to inquiry of R. J. B. ; habits of and means against Bruchus fahm. 
 
 2128. Riley, C. Y. The " cluster-fly." <Prairie Farmer, 23 Decem- 
 
 ber, 1882, V. 54, p. 7. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 16-17. Reprint : < Amer. 
 Nat., [5] January, 1883, v. 17, pp. 82-83. 
 Habits and synonymy of Pollenia rudis; notice of other accounts of the swarm- 
 ing of Diptera. See No. 2174. 
 
 2129. Riley, C. Y. Darwin's work in entomology. <Proc. Biol. Soc. 
 
 Wash., 1882, v. 1, pp. 70-80. 
 Analysis of the interest shown by C. R. Darwin in entomology and of his 
 contributions to the same. 
 
 2130. Riley, C. Y. The cotton- worm. <Western Farmer's Almanac 
 
 for 1883, 1882, p. 40. S.-b. No. 42, p. 71. 
 Various theories hitherto held in regard to the hibernation of Aleiia argillacea 
 1=: xylinal ; proof of its hibernation; seasons and conditions of develop- 
 ment of the first brood of the year, precautionary measures to be adopted. 
 
 2131. Riley, C. Y. Pyretbrum, an important insecticide. <Western 
 
 Farmer's Almanac for 1883, 1882, pp. 41-42. S.-b. No. 42, p. 49. 
 See : <Prairie Farmer, 27 Jan uary , 1883. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 56-58. 
 Condensed account of the history of the use of pyrethrum flowers as an in- 
 secticide ; cultivation of the plants and preparation of the powder ; meth- 
 ods of its application ; experiments in the cultivation of the plants. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 299 
 
 2132. [Riley, C. V.] Now lists of North American Lepidoptera. 
 
 <Ainer. Nat., [5] January, 1883, v. 17, pp. 80-82. 
 Reviews of lists of Brooklyn Entomological Society, of C. H. Fernald and 
 A. R. Grote. 
 
 2133. [Riley, C. V.] Naphthaline cones. <Amer. Nat., [5J January, " 
 
 1883, V. 17, pp. 83, 84. 
 The cones stain the itaper lining of boxes; they seem to destroy mites and 
 Psoci very soon, bnt have little effect on Dcrmestidce. 
 
 21.34. Riley, C. V. Emulsions of petroleum as insecticides. <Sci. 
 Anier., 6 January, 1883 [v. C2], n. s., v. 48, p. 3. S.-b., No. 42, 
 pp. 4-7. 
 Notice of experiments made, under author's direction, in 1882, in the use of 
 emulsions of kerosene oil ; report of H. G. Hubbard upon experiments made 
 by him ; critical review of S. F. Chapin's " Scale insects on deciduous and 
 ornamental trees; '' effect of pure kerosene, of emulsions, and of lye upon 
 trees. 
 
 2135. Eiley, C. V. Entomological notes. <Rural New Yorker, 13 Jan- 
 
 uary, 1883. S.-b. No. 42, p. 78. See : < Amer. Nat., 1883, v. 17, 
 pp. 198-199. 
 1. A new enemy to wax-beans; extract from letter of G. H. Stone, on the 
 food-plants, habits, and ravages of Epihichna corrupta; distribution of the 
 same. 2. Spreadof the 12-punctured asparagus beetle; increasing noxious- 
 ness of Crioctris \2-punctata recorded from near Baltimore, Md., by O. Lug- 
 ger ; comparative description of this species with C rtsjjara^t. 3. An inter- 
 nal mite in fowls ; presence of Cytoleichus sarcoptoidcs in lungs and other 
 parts of diseased chickens. 
 
 2136. [Riley, C. v.] The "liguified snake of Brazil." <Evening: Star 
 
 [Washington, D. C], 20 January, 1883, v. 01, p. 2. S.-b. No. 
 42, pp. 59-60. Reprint : <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 17 February, 1883. 
 See: <Science, 23 February, 1883, v. 1, p. 84. 
 
 Discussion of a specimen of problematical character, supposed to be the bor- 
 row of a larva under bark ; notice of writings upon the subject ; frequency 
 with which the true nature of natural objects is mistaken; letter from J. 
 H. Hutchins accompanying a gall of Cecidomyia vitis-pomum mistaken for a 
 hybrid fruit. 
 
 2137. Riley, (3. V. Utilization of ants in horticulture. <Sci. Amer., 
 
 27 January, 1883 [v. C2J, n. s., v. 48, p. 49. S.-b., No. 42, pp. 
 G5-66. 
 Abstracts of papers of C. J. Macgowan and H. C. McCook, with additional 
 notes; the introduction of ants might involve objectionable consequencea; 
 probability that they would not be of service against Coccida. 
 
 2138. Riley, C. V. Natural sugaring. <Amer. Nat., February [31 
 
 January], 1883, v. 17, pp. 197-198. Reprint : <Country Gentl., 
 31 May, 1883, v. 48. S.-b. No. 42a, p. 297. 
 Lachtius plntanicola n. sp. [p. 198], abundant in 1H>^2 on sycamore trees; de- 
 scription of the species; attraction of great numbers of insects to its sac- 
 charine exudations, and growth of Fitmago salir'nia upon these exudations. 
 
 2139. [Riley, C. V.] Trogoderma tarsale as a museum pest. <Amer. 
 
 Nat.,- February [31 January], 1883, v. 17, p. 199. 
 
 Notice of paper of F. H. !?uow : remarks on the abundance and ravages of 
 Trogoderma tarsale; habits of its larva. 
 
300 BIBLIOGKAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2140. [EiLEY, C. v.] Phylloxera in California. <Amer. Nat., Feb- 
 
 ruary [31 January], 1883, v. 17, pp. 199-200. 
 
 Fhylloxera vastairix in California is most injurious in moist soils. 
 
 2141. EiLEY, C. V. The hibernation of Aletia xylina [Say] in the 
 
 United States a settled fact. <Sci. Amer., 3 February, 1883, 
 V. 48, p. 68. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 66-67. Keprint : <Proc. Amer. 
 Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1882, 1883, v. 31, pp. 468-469. Separate : 
 <Sa]em, Mass., July, 1883, pp. 468-469. Abstract: <Amer. 
 Nat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, pp. 420-421. <Nature, 28 
 December, 1882, v. 27, p. 214. 
 Proof of the hibernation of Alt.tia xylina as a moth and of the perpetual ex- 
 istence of the species in Florida. 
 
 2142. [Riley, C. V.] Fostering: the study of economic entomology. 
 
 <Rural New-Yorker, 12 February, 1883. S.-b. No. 42, p. 58. 
 Reprint: <Amer. Nat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, p. 420. 
 
 Efforts of the French for the promotion of economic entomology. 
 
 2143. [RiLEY^ C. v.] Diseases of the chinch-bug. <Rural New-Yorker, 
 
 17 February, 1883. S.-b. No. 42, p. 58. 
 Note concerning paper of S. A. Forbes on two fungus parasites of Bliasiis 
 leucopterns. 
 
 2144. R[iley], C. v. [Instinct of Cicada [= Tihicen] septendecim.] 
 
 <Amer. Nat., March [21 February], 1883, v. 17, p. 322. 
 Remarks on note" of E. W. Claypole ; sense of direction in insects. 
 
 2145. [Riley, C. V.J Food-habits of Megilla maculata. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 March [21 February], 1883, v. 17, pp. 322-323. 
 
 Summary of S. A. Forbes' observations upon the food of Megilla maculata; 
 results of other observations on this subject. 
 
 2146. [Riley, C. V.] Clothes-moths observed in the United States. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., March [21 February], 1883, v. 17, p. 323. 
 Notice of paper by C. H. Fernald. 
 
 2147. Riley, C. V. Entomological notes. <Rural New Yorker, 27 
 
 February, 1883. iS.-b. No, 42, p. 58. See : <Amer. Nat., April 
 [15 March], 1883, v. 17, pp. 419-420. 
 
 Abstract of the rules of the international convention at Berne for the pre- 
 vention oi Phylloxera ravages; their adoption by Belgium. 
 
 2148. Riley, C. V. Notice of an illustrated essay on the Noctuida: of 
 
 North America. <Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, February, 1883, v. 
 5, pp. 77-79. Separate : <[Brooklyn, B. Y., 1883], 4 pp. 
 Critical review of A. R. Grote's essay. 
 
 2149. Riley, C. V. Concerning canker-worms. <Indiana Farmer, 3 
 
 March, 1883. S.-b. No. 56, p. 09. <Prairie Farmer, 3 March, 
 1883. S.-b. No. 56, p. 69. <Pacific Rural Press, 10 March, 
 1883. S.-b. No. 54, p. 15. <Lancaster Farmer, March, 1883. 
 S.-b. No. 56, p. 72. <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, April, 1883, 
 V. 25. S.-b.No. 42a, p. 631. 
 Description of Paleacrita vernata and Jnisopteryx pometaria; ravages of the 
 former ; request for information ; method of observation. • 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 301 
 
 2150. EiLEY, C. V. Dipterous enemies of the Phylloxera vastatrix. <Ca. 
 
 Ent., February [9 March], 1883, v. 15, p. 31). 
 Critical review of paper of T. W. Fyles ; the characters ixiven of Diphsia 
 frassator are insntlicieiit to distiiifjnisli the species; galls of Vhylloxera 
 vastatrix inhabiteil hy Leucopis phijUoxcrcv Riley MS.; coiiiparisou of the 
 early stages of these two Diptera. 
 
 2151. [Riley, C. V.] The food rehitions of the Carabidcc and Coccinelr 
 
 Uda\ <Aiuer. Nat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, pp. 417-419. 
 Summary of S. A. Forbes's observationa ou the food relations of the CarabidcB 
 and CoccineUidie. 
 
 2152. [Riley, C. V.] Relations of the Carabidw and CoccinelUdce to 
 
 birds. <Amer. ISTat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, p. 419. 
 Reprint of S. A. Forbes's summary, with note ; Cocvinellidtr not eaten by birds ; 
 Carabidw eaten in proportion as they have phytophagous habits. 
 
 2153. [RiLEY', C. v.] Viviparity in a moth. <Amer. Nat., April ri5 
 
 March], 1883, v. 17, p. 420. 
 Notes Fritz Miiller's discovery of a moth seen to deposit living larv-a). 
 
 2154. [Riley, C. v.] Damage to silver-plate by insects. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, p. 420. 
 Holes in silver-plate said to have been made by Xijitii.t holohucus. 
 
 2155. Riley% C. V. Possible food-plants of the cotton-worm. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, pp. 421-422. 
 Notice of paper of J. S. Bailey ; occurrence of newly issued imagos of Metia 
 xylina at Karuer, N.Y., 7 and 8 October, 1882, proving that the larva of this 
 insect feeds upon sonie genus of plants other than (;o8xi/j>ium. 
 
 2156. [Riley, C. V.] Agrotis niessoria Harr. vs. Agrotis scandens Riley. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, p. 422, 2 figs. 
 Critical review of views of A. R. Grote; Agrotis lycarum, J. repentia, and A. 
 cochranii =: A. viessoria ; A. scandens is a distinct species; comparison of 
 the imagos ; figures larvic and imagos of the two species. 
 
 2157. [Riley, C. V.] An internal mite in fowls. <Amer. Nat, April 
 
 [15 March], 1883, v. 17, pp. 422-423. 
 Lungs, bronchia, and linings of thoracic and abdominal cavities of a sick 
 chicken covered with Cijtoleichus sarcoptoidts Megnin; habitat of the same 
 in fowls in Europe; diseases caused by it. 
 
 2158. [Riley, C. Y.] Prevalence of the screw-worm in Central Amer- 
 
 ica. <Amer. Nat, April [15 March], 18-3, v. 17, p. 423. 
 Extract from letter of J. C. Zeledon on the abundance and ravages of Lucilia 
 macellaria and related Hies in Costa Rica. 
 
 2159. E[iLEY], C. V. Dried leaves as food for lepidopterous larva?. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., April [15 March], 1883, v. 17, pp. 423-424. 
 Review of paper of A. H. Mnndt; larvic successfully fed ujion fresh leaves 
 transported from a distance under pressure; clioi)|)ing the leaves would 
 possibly permit of more rapid curing and more convenient packing. 
 
 21G0. [RiLEY, C. v.] Lepidopterological notes. <Amer. Nat, April 
 [15 March], 1883, v. 17, p. 424. 
 Duplication of descriptions of the early stages of Lepidoptera to be avoided ; 
 notice of Mrs. C. H. Fcruald's list oi Noctuidw taken in Orono, Me. 
 
302 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2161. [Riley, C. V.] Obituary. <Amer. Nat., April [15 March], 1883, 
 
 V. 17, p. 424. 
 
 Obituary notices of G. W. Belfrage aud F. W. Maeklin. 
 
 2162. R[iley], 0. Y. Mosquitoes vs. malaria. <Sci. Amer., 14 April, 
 
 1883, V. 48, pp. 224-225. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 63-64 5 No. 67, p. 8. 
 Abstract: <Amer. Nat., May [18 April], 1883, v. 17, p. 549. 
 Criticism of the views of Dr. A. F. A. Kiug in support of the thesis that mala- 
 rial disease is the result of inoculation of the body with malarial poison by 
 the bites of insects; citation of twenty correspondencies in the conditions 
 alfecting the prevalence of mosquitoes {^CuUcidce'] and malarial disease. 
 
 2163. Riley, O. V. Jumping seeds and galls. <Sci. Amer., 14 April, 
 
 1883, Y. 48, p. 228, fig. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 61-63 ; No. 67, p. 2. 
 Figures of larva, pupa, and imago of Carpocapsa saltitans, with figures and 
 description of. seeds inhabited by the lai-va of this moth, and description 
 of the plant bearing these seeds ; vernacular names of plant and insect ; 
 movements imparted to the seeds by the insects and by Cynips q.-saltatorius 
 to the galls of the same. 
 
 2164. Riley, C. V. Reports of experiments, chiefly with kerosene, 
 
 upon the insects injuriously aiiectiug the orange-tree and the 
 cotton-plant, made under the direction of the entomologist. 
 <Bull. No. 1, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric, [17 April], 1883, 62. pp. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Letter of submittal 3 
 
 Introduction 5 
 
 Miscellaneous notes on orange insects. By H. G. Hubbard . 9 
 
 Experiments upon scale insects affecting the orange. By Jos. Voyle.. 19 
 
 Report of observations and experiments. By J. C. Neal - 31 
 
 Report of observations and experiments on the cotton-worm (Aletia 
 
 xylina). By R. W, Jones 47 
 
 Report upon the cotton-worm, boll-worm, and other insects. By Law- 
 rence Johnson 53 
 
 Index 59 
 
 2165. Riley, 0. V. Reports of observations on the Rocky Mountain 
 
 locust and the chinch-bug, together with extracts from the cor- 
 respondence of the division on miscellaneous insects. <Bull. 
 No. 2, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric, [17 April], 1883, 36. pp. 
 Second edition, 16 September, 1883. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Letter of submittal *.-... 3 
 
 Introduction 5 
 
 Report of observations in the Northwest on the Rocky Mountain locust, 
 
 by Lawrence Bruner 7 
 
 Experiments on chinch-bugs. By S. A. Forbes 23 
 
 Extracts from correspondence - 27 
 
 Index 35 
 
 2166. [Riley, C. Y.] Insects as food for man. < Amer. Nat., May [18 
 
 April], 1883, v. 17, pp. 546-547. 
 Summary of Max Buchner's observations on the insects used as food by the 
 Bantus tribe of negroes. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 503 
 
 2167. EiLEY, C. V. Number of molts and length of larval life as in- 
 
 tiueiiced by food. <Ainer. Nat., May [IS April], 1883, v. 17, 
 pj). 547-548. 
 
 Variability in habits and characters of insects; periods and number oi'molt« 
 observed in larvie of Ttitchriu molitor, T. obscurun and Tnxjodcnna (arsalc; 
 conclusion that insufficient food retards development and occasions frequent 
 molting. 
 
 2168. [KiLEY, C. V.J Entomological notes. <AiiK'r. Nat., May fl8 
 
 April], 1883, v. 17, pp. 549-550. 
 Brief notes on recent publications. 
 
 2169. KiLEY, C. V. Larval stages and habits of the bee-fly Hirmoneura. 
 
 <Scieuce, 27 April, 1883, v. 1, pp. 332-334, figs. 1-3. S.-b. No. 
 42, p. 52. 
 
 Summary of the life-history of Hirmoneura oiscura condensed from Handlirsch, 
 and from Brauer ; figures the several stages ; correspondences of the struc- 
 ture and early history of the larva; predictions in reference to the larvae of 
 Bombyliida'. 
 
 2170. Riley, C V. The capitalizing of specific names. <Papilio, 
 
 March [April], 1883, v. 3, p. 62. 
 Inquiry as to the use and purpose of capitalizing specific names.. See No. 2257. 
 
 2171. Riley, C. V. Observations on the fertilization of Yucca and on 
 
 structural and anatomical peculiarities in Pronuba and Pro- 
 doxus. <Gardeuer's Mo. and Hortic. April, 1883, v. 25, pp. 118- 
 119. S.-b. No. 51, p. 122i. Reprint: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. 
 Sci. for 1882, 1883, v. 31, pp. 467-468. Separate : <Salem. Mass., 
 July, 1883, pp. 467-46S. Abstract: <Amer. Nat., February 
 [31 January], 1883, v. 17, p. 197. 
 Description of the manner in which Pronnha iinccascUa gathers the pollen in 
 flowers of Yucca ; the work of this species necessary for the fertilization of 
 the capsular species of Yucca, the irregularity of whose fruit is due to its 
 punctures ; description of the egg and of the manner of oviposition of this 
 species. 
 
 2172. Riley, C. V. The potato-stalk borer. <Rural New Yorker, 12 
 
 May 1883. S.-b. No. 42a, p. 213. 
 Answer to inquiry; life-history and means against liaridius [= Irichobaris'] 
 irinotata. 
 
 2173. Riley, C. V. Jumping seeds and galls. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
 
 12 May, 1883, v. 5, pp. 632-635, fig. Separate: <[ Washington, 
 1884], pp. 632-635, fig. 
 Description of seeds of "arrow-weed"; their motions caused by larvaj of 
 Carpocapia saltitana ; figures of the seeds and of the larva, pupa, and imago 
 of the Carpocapsa ; habits and seasons of the same ; description of the plant 
 bearing these seeds; character and motions of the gall of Cijnipn q.-salta- 
 tortus. 
 
 2174. Riley, C. V. Note on cluster-flies. <Proc U. S. Nat. Mas., 12 
 
 May, 1883, v. 5, pp. 636-637. 
 Habits of PoUcnia rudix; notice of recorded cases of swarming among the 
 Diptera. See No. 2128. 
 
304 BIBLIOGKAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2175. [BiLEY, C. v.] The new classification of the Coleoptera of North 
 
 America. <Amer. Nat., June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 660- 
 661. 
 Notice of work of J. L. Leconte and G. H. Horn. 
 
 2176. KiLEY,C.V. A pretty and unique gall-making tortricid. <Amer. 
 
 Nat, June 1 17 May], 1883, v. 17, p. 661, fig. 1. 
 
 Description and figure of imago of Grapholitha ninana n. sp. reared from 
 galls on stems of Acacia filicina in Arizona. 
 
 2177. [Riley, C. V.] Simulium feeding on other insects, <Amer. 
 
 Nat, June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 661-662. 
 
 Comment on note of H. A. Hagen. 
 
 2178. [EiLEY, C. v.] Synopsis of the N. A. HeliotMnoe. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 662-663. 
 Review of paper of J. B. Smith ; nature of the generic characters of Noctuidce. 
 
 2179 [ Riley, C. V.] Death of Professor Zeller. <Amer. Nat, June 
 [17 May], 1883, v. 17, p. 663. 
 
 Obituary notice of P. C. Zeller. 
 
 2180. [Riley, C. V.] Protection of insect collections. <Amer. Nat, 
 
 June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 663-664. 
 Power of the larvje of Dermesildw to endure the effects of certain insecticides ; 
 prerequisites more important than insecticides ; seasons when collections 
 are most endangered. 
 
 2181. [Riley, C. V.] Cocoon of Telea polypliemus. <Amer. Nat, 
 
 June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, p. 664. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. Morris; cocoon of Telea pohjpliemus usually falls to 
 the ground with the leaves, yet quite frequently it is attached to twigs 
 and does not fall to the ground. 
 
 2182. [Riley, C. V.] The sucking organs of bees, wasps, and flies. 
 
 <Amer. Nat, June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 664-665. 
 Notice of paper of K. Kraepelin. 
 
 2183. [Riley, C. V.] The " pine moth of Nantucket" <Amer. Nat, 
 
 June [17 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 665-666. 
 Critical review of paper of S. H. Scudder. 
 
 2184. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological notes. <Amer. Nat., June [17 
 
 May], 1883, v. 17, pp. 660-667. 
 
 Brief notes on recent publications. 
 
 2185. Riley, C. V. Elephantiasis or Filaria disease. <Science, 18 
 
 May, 1883, v. 1, pp. 419-421, fig. S.-b. No. 42, p. 51, fig. 
 Criticism of the vie^\ s of Dr. A. F. A. King ; notice of the writings of P. Man- 
 son and others on the connection of Ciilex mnifqiiito with the life-history of 
 Filaria sauguinia-homims and on the production of elephantiasis and related 
 diseases by Filaria. 
 
 2186. Riley, C. V. Nemestrinidce. <Science, 8 June, 1883, v. 1, p. 513. 
 
 Note on papers concerning Nemestrinidce ; supplementary to No. 2169. 
 
 2187. RiLEY^, 0. y. The corn-root Diahrotica. <Rural New-Yorker, 9 
 
 June, 1883. S.-b. No. 54, p. 42. 
 Increasing distribution of Diahrotica longicornis ; means against it. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 305 
 
 2188. KiLEY, C. Y. Elm-leaf beetle. <Sci. Amer., IG June, 1883, v. 48. 
 
 S.-b. No. 42«, p. 1'65. 
 Reply to inquiries concorninpj Galeruca xanthomelcena. 
 
 2189. RiLEY% C. V. A unique and beautiful noctuid. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 July [20 June], 18S3, v. 17, pp. 788-700, fijr. 
 
 Fij;nre of imago of Ch-rho2)hauu8 triangulifer ; description of its generic 
 characters; its atfinities, synonyms, and probable habits. 
 
 2190. [RiLEY, C. v.] Insects affecting stored rice. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 July [20 June], 1883, v. 17, p. 790. 
 Lists of insects, chiefly Coleoptera, found in a lot of damaged rice from the 
 Chinese centennial exhibit ; two species are carnivorous. 
 
 2191. K'lLEY^, C. V. Hypermetamorplioses of the Meloidcv. <Amer. 
 
 Nat., July [20 June], 1883, v. 17, pp. 700-701. 
 Proposal of simpler and more natural terms to designate the stages of devel- 
 opment of larvjB of ileJoidw. 
 
 2192. [RiLEY, C. Y.] Entomological notes. <Amer. Nat, July [20 
 
 June], 1883, v. 17, pp. 792-793. 
 Comments on recent entomological publications; items of news. 
 
 2193. Riley, C. Y. The grape Phylloxera in France. <Science, 22 
 
 June, 1883, v. 1, pp. 576-578. 
 Review and criticism of the report of the Commission supe'rieure du Phylloxera. 
 
 2194. Riley, C. Y. Fig insects. <Science, 29 June, 1883, v. 1, p. 599. 
 
 Review of S. S. Saunders's views oa fig insects. 
 
 2195. Riley', C. Y. Egg-punctures on raspberry- and grape-vines, etc. 
 
 < Rural New-Yorker, 30 June, 1883, v. 42, p. — . S.-b. No. 42, 
 p. 56. 
 Answer to inquiry of T. H. G.; oviposition of (Ecanthus niveua in stems of 
 ratspberry- and grape-vines, and of Cereaahubalits in twigs of apple-trees; 
 habits and ravages of and means against the former ; the latter seldom very 
 injurious. 
 
 2196. Riley, 0. Y. Silk culture in the United States. <Rural New- 
 
 Yorker, 14 July, 1S83, v. 42, p. — . S.-b. No. 42a, p. 531. 
 Revival of interest in silk culture in the United States ; experience of the 
 year; relation of silk culture to import duties ; warning against too high 
 expectations as to profits; notes on manuals of silk culture. 
 
 2197. Riley, C. Y. Economic entomology of Iowa. <Sci. Amer., 14 
 
 July, 1883, V. 40, p. — . S.-b. No. h, p. 147. 
 Review of work done in Iowa, especially of papers of J. N. Dixon, H. Osbom, 
 and A. B. Walton. 
 
 2198. [RlLEY% C. Y.] Insect plagues. <l5oston Herald, 22 July, 1883, 
 
 p.—. S. b. No.42, i)p. 53-54; No. 67, p. 11. Extract: <Mir- 
 ror and Farmer, 26 July, 1883, v. 35. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 126-127. 
 
 Newspaper interview; seasons, habits, ravages of and means against Calopte- 
 nus atlanis, Nematus erichsonii, and Orrfj/ia leucosligma. 
 
 2199. Riley, C. Y. Report by C. Y. Riley. <Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
 
 27 July, 1883, v. 6, pp. 104-105. Reprint: <Sci. Amer. 
 Suppl., 13 October, 1883, v. 16, p. 6486. 
 Note to F. Humbert's Lncilia macellaria infesting man; references toother 
 mentions of it ; its distribution and means against it. 
 
 20 ent 
 
306 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2200. EiLEY, C. V. Emulsions of petroleum and their value as insect- 
 
 icides. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1882, 1883, v. 31, 
 pp. 469-470. Separate : <Salera, Mass., July, 1883, pp. 469-470. 
 Keprint : <Kan8as City Rev. of Science and Industry, Novem- 
 ber, 1883, V. 7, pp. 447-448. S.-b. No. 42, p. 124. Extract : 
 <Sci. Amer., 19 November, 1883, v. 49, p. 294. S.-b. No. 51, p. 
 153. 
 Description of modes of making emulsions of petroleum for use against 
 insects. 
 
 2201. [Riley, C. Y.] The old, old question of species. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 September [15 August], 1883, v. 17, p. 975. 
 Comments upon the discussion between H. A. Haj,^en and W. H. Edwards; 
 views of both parties extreme ; views as to the true nature of species. 
 
 2202. [Riley, 0. V.] MyrmecopMla. <Amer. Nat., September [15 Au- 
 
 gust], 1883, V. 17, pp. 975-970. 
 Record of recent captures of MyrmecopMla in Oregon and District of Colum- 
 bia ; record of former captures in the United States; habits of the genus. 
 
 2203. [Riley, C. V.] Salt-water insects used as food. < Amer. Nat., 
 
 September [15 August], 1883, v. 17, pp. 976-977. 
 Occurrence of Ephydra (hians ?) in Lake Tetscoco, Mexico ; E. gracilis found in 
 Great Salt Lake, Utah, and E. californica in lakes in California; account 
 by W. H. Brewer of the manner in which the last-named species is collected 
 and used for food by the Indians living near Mono Lake. 
 
 2204. [Riley, C. V.] Food-plants of Samia cyntliia. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 September [15 August], 1883, v. 17, p. 977. 
 Review of paper of H. H. Birney ; list of plants on which Samia [_= Attacus] 
 cynthiahas hitherto been found feeding; some of these are the favorite 
 food-plants of Callosamia [= Atfacus'] jyrometJiea. 
 
 2205. [Riley, C. V.] Bitten by an aphidf <Amer. Nat., September 
 
 [15 August], 1883, V. 17, p. 977. 
 Letter of S. Swan, with answer; Siphonophora \_=: Nectarophoral rudbeckim com- 
 mon on Solidago and BudbecMa ; the biting was probably caused by ants or 
 some other insect that escaped notice at the time. 
 
 2206. Riley, C. V. Steganoptycha claypoleana. <Amer. Nat., Sep- 
 
 tember [15 August], 1883, V. 17, p. 978. Reprint: <Papilio, 
 September-December, 1883, v. 3, p. 191. 
 Comparative description of Steganoptycha claypoleana with Proteoteras asscu- 
 lanum ; habits of the former. 
 
 2207. R[iLiiY], C. V. Extermination and restriction of Phylloxera in 
 
 Switzerland. <Rural New-Yorker, 25 August, 1883, v. 42. 
 S.-b. No. 49, p. 74. 
 
 Notice of report of Valery-Mayet. 
 
 2208. Riley, C. V. Hackberry psyllid galls. <Ca. Ent, August [5 
 
 September], 1883, v. 15, pp. 157-159, figs. 6, 7. 
 Critical review of paper of T. W. Fyles ; rhyUoxera vastatrix has many para- 
 sites and Celtis is attacked by many species of gall-insects; characters of 
 Pachypsylla n. g. [p. 157] ; figures of galls of P. celtidis-venusta and P. 
 c.-mamma; derivation and orthography of the generic term Celtis. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 307 
 
 2209. Riley, C.V. Some recent discoveries in reference to Phylloxera. 
 
 <Science, 7 September, 1883, v. 2, p. 330. S.-b. No. 4ti, pp. 68, 
 69. Reprint: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1883, 1884, 
 V. 32, p. 320. Separate : <Salem, Mass., July, 1884, p. 320. 
 <Amer. Nat., December [28 November], 18S3, v. 17, p. 1288. 
 Summary of the cycle of development of tlio geuus Phi/lloxera ; character of 
 the gall of P. sjyiuosa ami locatiou of the Impregnated egg of the species. 
 
 2210. Riley, C. V. The Psyllidcc of the United States. <Science, 7 
 
 September, 1883, v. 2, p. 337. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 67-68. Re- 
 print: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1883, 1884, v. 32, p. 
 319. Separate: <Salem, Mass., July, 1884, p. 319. 
 Characteristics and economic importance of Psi/Uida-, status of the present 
 knowledge of this family in the United States ; list of new genera and 
 species; food plants of the same; characteristics of the eggs and young of 
 Psyllidw. 
 
 2211. Riley, C. V. Improved method of spraying trees for protection 
 - against insects. <Science. 14 September, 1883f, v. 2, p. 378. 
 
 S.-b. No. 42, p. 68. Reprint: <Proc. Amer. Asoc. Adv. Sci. 
 
 for 1883, 1884, v. 32, pp. 400-467. Separate: <SaIem, Mass., 
 
 July, 1884, pp. 460, 407. 
 Description of apparatus, especially of " cyclone nozzle " and adjustable hose ; 
 
 mention of insecticide substances. 
 Note. — Nos. 2209-2211 were issued as a separate, Salem, 1884. 
 
 2212. [Riley, C. V.] Entomology at Minneapolis. <Amer. Nat., 1883, 
 
 V. 17: October [17 September], pp. 1008-1070; November [19 
 October], pp. 1109-1174. 
 Minutes of the meetings of the entomologists at the session of the American 
 Association for the Advancement of Science; reorganization of the entomo- 
 logical club ; election of ofiBcers and change in the constitution ; abstracts 
 of papers read. 
 
 2213. Riley, C. V. Notes on Pccdisca scudderiana. <Amer. Nat., Oc- 
 
 tober [17 September], 1883, v. 17, pp. 1009-1070. 
 Habits and variation of Pivdisca scudderiana; diflerence between the gall of 
 this insect and that of Geleclna galla'soUdnginis. 
 
 2214. Riley, C. V. A myrmecophitous lepidopteron. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 October [17 September], 1883, v. 17, p. 1070. 
 Larva of ILUa americalis found in nests of Formica ru/a ; this species the only 
 one of the Lepidoptera known to develop in ants' nests. 
 
 2215. [Riley, C. V.| Enemies of the egg-plant. <Amer. Nat., Octo- 
 
 ber [17 September], 1883, v. 17, p. 1070. 
 Extract from a letter of A. ffimler, proving that the occurrence of Camda 
 texana and Doryphora juncta on Solanum meloin/ma is not accidental or tem- 
 porary. 
 
 2216. [Riley, C. Y.] The periodical Cicada in southeastern Massachu- 
 
 setts. <Amcr. Nat., October [17 September], 1883, v. 17, p. 1071. 
 Note to paper of C. E. Bessey; Cicada [= Tibicen] srplendecim at Martha's 
 Vineyard, Mass., in June, 1883, the precursor to xeptendecim Brood XXI 
 which will ai)pear in North Carolina and Virginia as well as Martlia's 
 Vineyard in 1884; accelerated specimens of the same brood received from 
 Londonn County, Va., recently. 
 
308 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2217. KiLEY, C. V. Habits of Murmidius. <Ainer. Nat., October [17 
 
 September], 1883, v. 17, p. 1071. 
 
 List of insects found in a lot of damaged rice from South America ; occurrence 
 of Murmidius ovalia in vast numbers in this rice ; its probable food-habits; 
 description of its cocoon; list of families of beetles some of whose larvaa 
 spin cocoons; habitat of Mychocerus. 
 
 2218. [EiLEY, C.V.J Obituary. <Amer. Nat., October [17 September], 
 
 1883, V. 17, p. 1072. 
 Notices of V. T. Chambers and Townend Glover. 
 
 2219. [EiLEY, C. v.] Entomological notes. <Amer. Nat., October [17 
 
 September], 3883, v. 17, pp. 1072-1073. 
 Notes on recent entomological publications ; items of news. 
 
 2220. [RrLEY,C.V.] Economic notes. <Amer. Nat., October [17 Sep- 
 
 tember], 1«83, V. 17, pp. 1073-1074. 
 Comments on the ravages of several iujurious insects during the past season. 
 
 2221. Riley, C. V. A parasite of the cabbage- worm. <Kural New- 
 
 Yorker, 6 October, 1883, v. 42. S.-b. No. 42, p. 58. 
 Answer to letter of J. H. B. ; parasitism of Pteromaliis pvparum in larvae and 
 pupae of Pieris rapce. 
 
 2222. Elley, C. V. The handmaid moth. <Eural New Yorker, 13 Oc- 
 
 tober, 1883, V. 42. S.-b. No. 42, p. 77. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. B. S. ; description of larva, pupa, and imago of Da- 
 tana ministra from hickory- and walnut-trees, and of a phytophagic variety 
 of the larva from apple and other trees; habits of the larvfe ; the larvse 
 unusually abundant in 1883. 
 
 2223. EiLEY, C. V. Remarks on Arzama oblkjuata. <Amer. Nat., No- 
 
 vember [19 October], 1883, v. 17, p. 1169. 
 Description of the egg-mass of ^rzanta obliquaia; colors and habitat of the 
 larva; variations of the imago ; number of anuual broods. 
 
 2224. [EiLEY, C. v.] Rare monstrosities. <Amer. Nat., November [19 
 
 October], 1883, v. 17, p. 1175. 
 
 Notice of monstrosities recorded in Melanippe montanata and Zygania minos. 
 
 2225. [Riley, C. V.] The nervous system of insects. <Amer. Nat., 
 
 November [19 October], 1883, v. 17, pp. 1175-1176. 
 
 Summary of the observations of Ed. Brandt. 
 
 2226. [Riley, C. V.] Hymenorus riifipes as a myrmecophilous species. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., November [19 October], 1883, v. 17, p. 1176. 
 
 Imagos of Hymenonts rufipes raised from larvae found in nests of Formica fusca ; 
 character of the nests of the Formica ; food-habits of the Hymenorus un- 
 known. 
 
 2227. [Riley, C. V.] Recent publications. <Amer. Nat., November 
 
 [19 October], 1883, v. 17, p. 1177. 
 
 Notice of J. H. Comstock's work on Diasjnnce and of other recent publications. 
 
 2228. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological notes. <Amer. Nat., November 
 
 [19 October], 1883, v. 17, pp. 1177-1179. 
 
 Review of "General Index of the Entomological Reports of the Province of 
 Ontario ;" recent publications and items of news. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 309 
 
 2229. Klley, 0. V. The potato-stalk borer. <Rural New-Yorker, 20 
 
 October, 1883. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 78-79. 
 Answer to letter of S. C. K. ; description, habits of, and means against Gortyna 
 iiitela; means against ruria aterrima, Umphopn piiheitceiis, and other larvao 
 of Chrysomelidw iujurious to the roots of strawlierry-plants. 
 
 2230. [Riley, C. V.] Recent advances in horticultural entomology. 
 
 <Rural New-Yorker, 20 October, 1883, v. 42. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 
 79-81. Reprint : <Proc. 19th Sess. Amer. Pomol. Soc, 1884, p. 
 45. <Trans. Wise. State Hortic. Soc, 188G, v. 17, p. — . 
 
 Report of address delivered ; discussion of measures recommended for adop- 
 tion to prevent the ravages of insects injurious to horticulture, especially 
 of Carpocapsa pomoucUa and Conotrachelua nenuphar; correction of state- 
 ments in regard to the ovipositiou ofSaperda bivittata [^ Candida'] and ? Jiein- 
 hex marginata ; advance in knowledge of the life-history of Aphididiv, and 
 in the development of machinery for the application of poison sprays to 
 plants ; relative value of the principal insecticides. 
 
 2231. Riley, C. V. On a gall-making genus of Apionincc. <Bull. 
 
 Brooklyn Ent. Soc, October, 1883, v. 6, pp. 61-62. Separate : 
 <Brooklyn, N. Y'., 1883, 2 pp. 
 List of North American gall-making Coleoptera ; description of Podapion 
 "• S' [P- ^~] ^^^ of t^® S^^l ^Df^ imago of P. gallicola n. sp., found on 
 twigs of Finns inops; probable life-habits, iuquilines, and parasite of this 
 species. 
 
 2232. Riley, C. V. Report of the Entomologist. <Ann. Rept. [U. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric for 1883, pp. 99-180, 13 pi. Separate: 
 <Washiugton, 31 October, 1883, pp. 5-f pp. 99-180+pp. 7, 13 pi. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Introductiox 99 
 
 Scope and limitations, 99 — Cabbage insects, 99 — Lesser locust, 99 — 
 Protection of fruit and shade trees, 99— Office force, assistants 
 and agents, 99 — Observations and report on insects injurious to 
 forest-trees, by Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., 99— Special report on insects 
 affecting the orange, by H. G. Hubbard, 99— Work of agents, 100— 
 Monographs in preparation, 100 — Commission sent to Brazil to 
 study certain insects, 100— Publication of third report of the 
 United States Entomological Commission, 100— Publication of 
 special bulletins, 100— Correspondence and work of the division, 
 101 — The illustrations to the report, 101. 
 Silk-worm notes 101 
 
 Legislation, 101— California State Board of Silk Culture, 101— Pre- 
 miums offered in California, 101— Home culture, 102— Guaranty 
 of egg supply, 10-2- Woman's Silk Culture Association of Cali- 
 fornia, 102— California Silk Culture Association, 102— Reports 
 from correspondents of the division, 102-104— Issue of "Silk 
 Culture Directory," 104— Establishment of school in New Jersey, 
 105— Organization of Southern Silk Industrial Association, 105— 
 A new machine patented. 105— Report on the future of silk culture 
 in the United States, by United States Consul Peixotto, of Lyons, 
 France. 10.">— Silk culture by the Mennonites, 106— Work at the 
 Department, 106. 
 
310 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2232. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Cabbage worms 107 
 
 Interest in and importance of the subject, 107 — Accurate estimate 
 of loss impossible, 107. 
 
 Imported cabbage-worm, Pieris rapes 108 
 
 History of its spread, 108 — Ravages, 109 — Characters, 110 — Habits, 
 110 — Food-plants, 111 — Seasons of appearance. 111 — Natural ene- 
 mies, 111. 
 
 Southern cabbage-butterfly, Pieris protodice 114 
 
 Range, 114 — Ravages, 114 — Characters, 114 — Food-plants, 115 — 
 Parasites, llo. 
 
 The potherb-butterfly, Pieris ole^'acea 115 
 
 Range, 115 — Characters, 116 — Habits, 116 — Number of broods, 116 — 
 Food-iJlants, 117 — Enemies, 117. 
 
 The larger cabbage-butterfly, Pieris monuste 117 
 
 Range, 117 — Characters, 117 — Food-plants, 118 — Parasites, 118 — 
 Description of early states, 118. 
 
 The cabbage plusia, Phisia brassicce- 119 
 
 Its range, 119 — Food-plants, 119 — Habits and natural history, 119 — 
 Close relation to an European species, 120 — Natural enemies, 
 120 — Botrytis rileyi, a new species of fungus, 121 — Remedies, 121. 
 
 The cabbage mamestra, Mamestra trifolii 123 
 
 Its habits and natural history, 123 — Remedies, 124 — Description, 
 124. 
 
 The zebra cabbage- worm Mamestra incta 124 
 
 History, 124 — Description, 125— Habits, 125— Broods, 125— Reme- 
 dies, 125. 
 
 The cabbage pionea Pionea rimosalis 126 
 
 Its past history, 126— Notes by Prof. Cyrus Thomas, 126— Habits 
 and natural history, 127 — Parasites, 127 — Remedies, 127 — De- 
 scriptive, 128. 
 
 The cauliflower botis, Botis repetitalis 128 
 
 Past history, 128 — Range, 128 — Descriptive, 129. 
 
 The cabbage plutella, Plutella cruciferartim 129 
 
 Its pasfhistory, 129 — Habits and natural history, 130. 
 
 Remedies for cabbage-worms 131 
 
 Hot water, 131 — Pyrethrum, 131 — Kerosene emulsions, 131 — Other 
 substances, 131 — Paris green, London purple, and white helle- 
 bore, 132 — Preventive measures, 132 — Report of Capt. R. S. 
 Lacey, 133— Report of Col. Wright Rives, 134— Poisoning de- 
 vices, 136. 
 Causes of destruction of evergreen forests in New England 
 
 AND New York, b\ A. S. Packard, jr 138 
 
 The larch saw-fly, Nematus erichsonii 138 
 
 History of its ravages, 138— Its devastations in Maine, 139— Its 
 ravages in New Hampshire, 141 — Its appearance in Massachu- 
 setts, 141— In northern New York, 142— History of the species 
 and its habits, 142 — Description of egg, larva, cocoon, and imago, 
 145 — Remedies, 146 — Parasites, 146. 
 
 The spruce-bud tortrix, Tortrix fumiferana 146 
 
 Its ravages in Maine, 146— Habits and transformations, 147 — De- 
 scription of diiferent stages, 148. 
 
 The spruce nematus, Nematus integer 149 
 
 Range, 149 — Description of diflferent stages, 150. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 311 
 
 2232. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Gausses of destruction op kverqkkkn fokests, etc.— Continued. 
 
 Tho hemlock geleebia, Gelechia obietiseUa 150 
 
 Habits. 151— Description of larva, pupa, and niotb, 151. 
 
 EXPEHIMKXTS ox SCALE INSECTS, WITH PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS, BV 
 
 H. G. Hubbard 152 
 
 Report of progress in experiments, 152— Soap emulsions, 152— Ker- 
 osene and soap emulsions, formula, l.VJ- Receipt for making 
 emulsions of kerosene and soap. 15'2— Introduction and use of the 
 cyclone nozzle, l.')2— Effects of kerosene emulsions upon plants, 
 153— Effects of kerosene emulsions varied by change of weather, 
 153— Most favorable season for applying kerosene emulsions, 
 153— Application of liquid insecticides, 153— Tho cyclone nozzle, 
 154 — Cost of kerosene wash, 154. 
 
 Recent experiments 155 
 
 Potash compared with soda as an insecticide, 155— Details of ex- 
 periments with potash, 155-156— Experiments with soda, 156. 
 
 Introduction and spread of scale insects 156 
 
 Great vitality of bark-lice, 156— Importation on live trees, 157— 
 Precautionary measures ; infection from nursery stock, 157 — Pro- 
 tection afforded by hedges and forest trees, 158. 
 
 Miscellaneous insects 159 
 
 The imported elm-leaf beetle, Galerma ranthomelcena 159 
 
 Range, 159— An importation from Europe, 160— Habits and natu- 
 ral history,* 160 — Remedies, 161 — Natural enemies, 163 — More re- 
 cent experiments at the Department, 164 — Past history of the 
 elms on Department grounds, 164— Condition and characteris- 
 tics of the grove in 18&2 and 1883, 164— Extent of injury in 1882 
 and 1883, 164 — Preferences of the elm-beetle for certain varieties 
 and species of elms, 165 — Effects of arsenical poisons on insect 
 and plant, 1()5 — Preventive effects of the poison, when best ap- 
 plied, 166 — Treatment with London purple, 1(>6 — Preparation of 
 the poison, 166— Effects of the mixture, 167 — Treatment with 
 Paris green, 167 — Mechanical means of applying the poison, 
 16S — The eddy-chamber nozzle, 168 — Hose and bamboo combina- 
 tion, 169. 
 
 The lesser migratory locust, Caloptenus atlanin 170 
 
 Its ravages in the Merrimac Vallej', 170— Historical, 170 — Charac- 
 ters, 17"2 — Range and life-history, 173 — Natural enemies, 174 — 
 Remedies, 17.5 — Destruction of eggs, 175 — Destruction of young, 
 175 — Coal oil, 17.5 — Machines, 175-177 — Coal tar, 177 — Catching 
 or bagging, 178 — Protection of vegetable gardens, 179 — Necessity 
 for co-ojieration, 180. 
 
 2233. Riley, C. V. The imported orchard Scolytus {ScolytuH ntgulosus 
 
 Ratz.). <Tbomasville fGa.] Times, 10 November, 1883. S.-b. 
 No. 56, p. 182. 
 Answer to inquiry ; S. rugulosus bores in twigs of pear ; means against it. 
 
 2234. RiLEY, C. V. Osage orange vs. mulberry for the silk-worm. 
 
 <Sci. Amer., 17 November, 188.% v. 40, p. 3(>o. S. b. No. 42, 
 p. 91. Rei)rint: <Amer. Nat., 5 January, 1884, v. 18, pp. 78- 
 79. <Prairie Farmer, 22 March, 1884, v. 56, p. 187. S.b. No. 
 42, p. 118. 
 Comparative value of leaves of Madura aurantiaca and of Moras as food for 
 Sericaria mori; critical review of V. des Lauriers's conclusions. 
 
312 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2235. EiLEY, C. V. Entomological notes of the year. <Prairie 
 
 Farmer, 24 November, 1883, v. 55. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 86-87. 
 Progress of experiments for the destruction of scale insects, Coccidce; intro- 
 duction of Aspidiotus rapax into California on apples from New Zealand ; 
 strawberries injured by Capsiis oblineatus [= Lygus jjratenais'] and a myria- 
 pod in Illinois; occurrence of Leucania unipuncta in several places, and of 
 Cecidomyia destructor in Illinois ; extension of culture of Pyrethrum cinera- 
 Hcefolium in California; occurrence of Anarsia Uneatella on strawberry- 
 plants in Illinois ; of Doryphora juncta and Cassida texana on Solarium 
 melongeva in Georgia; of Ceresa iuhalus on potato-plants in Pennsylvania; 
 of Epllachna corrupta on wax-beans, etc. 
 
 2236. Riley, C. V. A satisfactory remedy for melon bugs, flea-beetles, 
 
 etc. < Rural New-Yorker, 3 November, 1883, v. 42. S.-b. No. 
 
 42, pp. 77-78. 
 Quinn's method of sprinkling the vines with a mixture of tobacco water and 
 soft soap and then powdering with lime is probably the best general pre- 
 ventive against Diahrotica vittata and Halticidce ; description of J. M. 
 Nicholson's siphon arrangement by which to keep the vines constantly 
 moist with the liquid. 
 
 2237. Riley, C. V. The chinch-bug in New York. <Science, 9 No- 
 
 vember, 1883, V. 2, p. 621. Extract: <Sci. Amer., 22 Decem- 
 ber, 1883, V. 49, p. 384. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 122-123, 
 Present outbreak of Blissus teucopterus in New Yonkthe result of an increase 
 due to favorable conditions rather than an invasion. 
 
 2238. R[iley], C. V. Insects in relation to agriculture. <Stoddart's 
 
 Encylopffidia Americana, 1883, v. 1, pp. 135-142, figs. 1-29. 
 Chapter 9 of article "Agriculture." Brief accounts with numerous illus- 
 trations of the insects named below, and of means against them, with 
 cross-references to accounts of other insects in other portions of the work. 
 The headings and subjects of the sub-chapters are as follows : 
 
 Importance of economic entomology 135 
 
 Insects iNJtJRious to fruit and fruit trees : 
 
 Apple curculio (The), Anthonomus quadrigihhus Say, p. 135, fig. 
 1 — Apple-maggot (The), or "railroad-worm," Trijpeta pomonella 
 Walsh, p. 135 — White-marked tussock-moth (The), Orgyia leuco- 
 stigma Sm. and Abb., pp. 135-136, fig. 2 — Apple-tree tent-cater- 
 pillar (The), Clisiocampa americana Harr., p. 136, figs. 3-4 — Fall 
 webb-worm (The), Hypliantria textor Harr. [^^cwwea], p. 136, fig. 
 5 — Oyster-shell bark-louse of the apple (The), Mi/tilasjiis pomicor- 
 itcis Riley l = pomorum'}, pp. 136-137, fig. 6— Round-headed apple- 
 tree borer (The), Saperda hivittata Say \_=^ candidal, p. 137, fig. 7 — 
 Flat-headed apple-ttee borer (The), Chrysoboihris feniorata Fabr., 
 p. 137 — Spring canker-worm (The), Paleacritavernata Peck, p. 137, 
 figs. 8-9 — Fall CAnker-woTm {The), Anisopieryx pometaria Harris, 
 p. 137, figs. 10-11— Peach-tree borer (The), JSgeria [= Sannina'] 
 exitiosa Say, pp. 137-138, fig. 12 — Currant-stalk borer (The), 
 Mgeria tipuliformis L., p. 138 — Imported currant-worm (The), 
 Nematus ventricosus Klug. [= ribesii], p. 138, figs. 13-14 — Native 
 currant- worm (The), Fristiphora grossiilariw Walsh, p. 138-— 
 Snowy tree-cricket (The), (Ecanikus nivvus Harr., p, 1.38, figs. 
 15-16. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC KNTOMOLOOY. 313 
 
 2238. R[iLEY], C. Y.— Continued. 
 
 Insects injurious to ckkkals and foragk-crops: 
 
 White-grub (The), LachnosUrna funca Froh., pp. 138-139, fig. 17— 
 Clover-seed midge (The), Cecidomyia legnminicola Lintuer, p. 
 139— Join t-\voiiii (The), Isoaoma honUi Harr., p. 131», llg. 18 — 
 Wheat inidge (The), Diplotin tritici Kirby, p. 139— Cuttworms, 
 family Noctuida', genera Agroth, Mamentra, Hadena, aud I'rodenia, 
 p. 139 — Wire-worms, family Elaterida', p. 139. 
 
 Insects injurious to garden vecjetables : 
 
 Imported cabbage-worm (The;, Pierin rapiv Sehrauk, i». 139, figa. 
 19-20 — Southern cabbage butterfly (The), rierls protodice Boisd., 
 p. 140 — Potherb butterfly (The), Pierin oleracea Boisd., p. 
 140 — Cabbage plusia (The), Plusia brassicw Riley, p. 140, fig, 
 21 — Harlequin cabbage-bug (The), Murgantia luHtrionica Hahn, 
 p. 140, fig. 22 — Pea-weevil (The), Bruchus pisi Linn., p. 140, fig. 
 23— Bean-weevil (The), Bruchus fahiv Riley, p. 140, fig. 24— 
 Blister-beetles, meloid genera Macrohasi.s, Epicauta, etc., p. 140, 
 fig. 25 — Striped cucumber-beetle (The), Diabrotica vittata Fabr., 
 pp. 140-141, figs. 26-27. 
 
 Insects injuring miscellaneous field-crops: 
 
 Cottou-boll worm (The) or corn-ear worm, Heliothis armigera, 
 Hiibu., p. 141, fig. 28 — Tobacco-worm (The). Sphinx l^^Proto- 
 parce'l Carolina L., p. 141. 
 
 Insects injurious to the vixe. 
 
 Insects injurious to live-stock : 
 
 Bot-fly of cattle (The), Hijpoderma bovis Latr., p. 141 — Sheep bot-fly 
 (The), (Estrus ovis Linu., p. 141, fig. 29— Horse bot-fly (The), 
 GastrophiJus cqui Fabr., pp. 141-142. 
 
 List of principal American writers and writings upon insects 
 
 IN relation to agriculture •- -.1 — 142 
 
 2239. R[iley], C. V. Army-worm, Leucania unipuncta, Haw. <Stod- 
 
 dart's Encylopsedia Americana, 1883, v. 1, pp. 317-318, 2 figs. 
 Distribution, seasons, habits, and food-plants of aud means against 
 Leucania unipuncta ; references to the more important articles on this 
 insect ; figures of larva and imago. 
 
 2240. Riley, O. Y. An epidemic disease of Caloptenus differentialis. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., December [28 November], 1883, v. 17, p. 1287. 
 
 Note to communication of H. Osborn*^ the Enlomoplithora calopteni a result 
 rather than the cause of disease. 
 
 2241. Riley, C. Y. The growth of insect eggs. <Amer. Nat., Decem- 
 
 ber [28 November], 1883, v. 17, p. 1289. 
 Notice of paper of J. A. Osborne; swellingof the eggs of r/ianerop^cra[= 5cMd- 
 deria'] curvicauda probably connected witfi embiyological development. 
 
 2242. [Riley-, C. Y.] Protective device employed by a glaucopid cater- 
 
 pillar. <Amer. Nat., December [28 November], 1883, v. 1 7. {k 
 
 1269. 
 Notice of paper of F. Miiller ; general use of sh(<l hairs by larvie of Arctiid(e 
 iu the construction of their cocoons; description of method in wbidi the 
 larva of Eunomia cagrus arranges its shed hairs to form a protection for the 
 pupa. 
 
 2243. [Riley, C. Y.] Saw-fly larvfe on the quince. <Amer. Nat., De- 
 
 cember [28 November], 1883, v. 17, p. 12.S9. 
 Notice of paper of J. A. Lintner; food-plants of Helandria l=Eriocampa'\cerasx. 
 
314 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2244. [Riley, C. V.] Eutoinology in Kew York. <Amer. Nat., Decem- 
 
 ber [28 November], 1883, v. 17, pp. 1289-1291. 
 Review of J. A. Liutnei's first annual report as State entomologist ; list of 
 subjects treated in tlie report. 
 
 2245. [Riley, C. V.] Fruit insects in California. < A.mer. Nat., Decem- 
 
 ber [28 November], 1883, v. 17, p. 1291. 
 Review of M. Cooke's " Injurious Insects of the Orchard." 
 
 2246. [Riley, C. V.] Death of Dr. J. L. Leconte. < Amer. Nat., Decem- 
 
 ber [28 November], 1883, v. 17, p. 1291. 
 Notes the loss to entomologists occasioned by the death of J. L. Leconte. 
 
 2247. [Riley, C. V.] Entomological notes. < Amer. Nat., December [28 
 
 November,] 1883, v. 17, pp. 1291-1292. 
 Brief notices of published articles with items of news. 
 
 2248. [Riley, C. V.| Economic notes. <Amer. Nat., December [28 
 
 November], 1883, v. 17, p. 1292. 
 Eifect of Phylloxera laws in Europe ; use of lime as a means against Macro- 
 dactylus ; award of the Le Brun j)rize for the most valuable improvement 
 relating to the silk industry. 
 
 2249. Riley, C. V. [Raspberry canes jjunctured by Orchelimum gla- 
 
 berrimum.] <Fruit Recorder, Purdy, 1 December, 1883, v. 15. 
 S.-b. No. 42, p. 92. 
 Description of and means against Orchelimum glaherrimum. 
 
 2250. [Riley, C. V.] The Phylloxera in sandy soil. <Rural New- 
 
 Yorker, 1 December, 1883, v. 42. S.-b. No. 42, p. 97. Eeprint : 
 <Amer. Nat., January, 1884 [29 December, 1883], v. 18, p. 78. 
 Condition of the grape crop in France; favorable account of the use of 
 American grape-stocks ; Phylloxera vastatrix harmless in sandy soils. 
 
 2251. Riley, 0. V. Bacterial disease of the imported cabbage-worm. 
 
 <Sci. Amer., 1 December, 1883, v. 49, p. 337. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 
 91-92. Reprint : < Amer. Nat., January, 1884 [29 December, 
 1883], V. 18, p. 80. 
 Notice of observations of S. A. Forbes on the death of larvie of Pieris rapw 
 from infection by Bacterium ; previous mention of this disease. 
 
 2252. Riley, C. V. The chinch-bug in New York State. <Sci. Amer., 
 
 8 December, 1883, v. 49. p. 359. Reprint : <Amer. Nat., 5 Jan- 
 uary, 1884, V. 18, pp. 79-80. 
 Critical review of papers of J. A. Lintner ; the occurrence of Blissus leucop- 
 terus in New York in vinusual abundance in 1882 and 1883 is not warrant 
 for great alarm. See No. 2271. 
 
 2253. Riley, C. V. Reports of observations and experiments in the 
 
 l^ractical work of the division, made under the direction of the 
 entomologist. <Bull. No. 3, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric, [8 
 December], 1883, 75 pp., 3 pi. 
 
 contents. 
 
 Preface 7 
 
 Further notes on the army worm {Leucania unipuncta) 9 
 
 Experiments with pyrethrum , 16 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 315 
 
 2253. EiLEY, C. v.— Contiimod. 
 
 CONTENTS— Continued. 
 
 Notes ou forest-tree insects. By A. S. Packard, jr 24 
 
 The cotton- worm in Soutli Texas in 18d3. By E. H. Anderson 31 
 
 Test of machinery tor dcstroyinjj the cotton-worm. By W. S. Barnard. 39 
 
 The tree-borers of the family Cossidai. By J. S. Bailey 49 
 
 Tests of silk fiber from cocoons raised at the Department. By W. Mc- 
 
 Mnrtrie 56 
 
 2254. Riley, C. V. Entomology in New York. <Rural New-Yorker, 
 
 15 December, 1883. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 85-80. 
 Review of J. A. Lintnei-'s first report (for the year 1881) as State entomolo- 
 gist of New York. 
 
 2255. Riley', C. V. Lncilia macellaria. <Sci. Amer., 15 December, 
 
 1883, V. 49, p. 373. S.-b. No. 42, p. 93. 
 Critical review of paper of F. Humbert. 
 
 2256. Riley, C. V. Dipterous larv.ie in the human body. <Sci.Amer., 
 
 22 December, 18S3, v. 49, p. 385. S.-b. No. 42, p. 90. 
 References to and notices of several articles on the occurrence of larvse of 
 Diptera in the human body ; synonymy and distribution of Compnomyia 
 [=:Zj*c(7ia] macellaria; myasis caused solely by larvae of Sarcophagidw and 
 Muscida; (Fstrido' occur rarely and exceptionally in the human body. 
 
 2257. Riley, C. V. Capitalizing specific names. -CPapilio, Septem- 
 
 ber-December, 1883, v. 3, pp. 164-166. Separate: <[N.Y.],3pp. 
 
 Comments on reasons given by \V. H. Edwards and others for the uniform 
 capitalizing of specific names. See No. Ql/'i. 
 
 2258. R[iley], C. Y. Townend Glover. <Papilio, September-Decem- 
 
 ber, 1883, V. 3, pp. 167-168. 
 Obituary notice. 
 
 2259. [Riley, C. V.] The genus Colias. <Amer. Nat., [5] January, 
 
 1884, V. 18, pp. 74-76. 
 
 Review of paper of H. A. Hagen; disenssion of the species of CoUaa in North 
 America; plastic nature and classificatory characters of the genus. 
 
 2260. [RiLEY% C. Y.] Larval habits of the dipterous family Dexidce. 
 
 <Amer. Nat., [5] January, 1884, v. 18, pp. 76-77. 
 
 Notice of paper of F. Bran^r : parasitism of Dexia rustica and of Phorostoma 
 latum on the larva of Ehizotrogiui and of Mtlanophora ? diabrolica- on Dia- 
 brotica vittata. 
 
 2261. [Riley, C. Y.] Entomological notes. <Amer. Nat., [5] January, 
 
 1884, V. 18, pp. 80-81. 
 Carpocapsa pomonella has been introduced into Australia, New Zealand, and 
 Tasmania; occurrence of Myrmicocela ocltraceilla in ants' nests. 
 
 2262. Riley, C. V. Recent outbreaks of the army- worm. <Kural New- 
 
 Yorker, 12 January, 1884, v. 43, p. 19. S.b. No. 56, p. 145. 
 Rare occurrence of Lciicania unipuncta in 188-2 and lfi83, following its last abun- . 
 dance in 1881; occurrence of its larva- at East Windsor, Vt., in June, 188:J. 
 
 2263. [RiLEY% C. Y.] The harh'quin cabbage bug, etc. <Rural New- 
 
 Yorker, 2 February, 1884, v. 43, p. 70. S.-b., No. 63, p. 41. 
 Habits of and means against Miirftantia hititrionica ; effect of chemicals applied 
 to the soil upon the colors i>f flowers. 
 
316 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2264. Riley, C. Y. Tribute to the memory of John Lawrence Leconte. 
 
 <Psyclie, November-December, 1883 [11 February, 1884], v. 4, 
 pp. 107-110. Separate: < [Cambridge, Mass., 11 February, 
 1884], pp. 107-110. Notice: <Psyche, loc. cit, p. 119. 
 Biographical notice of J. L. Leconte ; his work aud writings ; his personal 
 character; disposition of his entomological collection. 
 
 2265. [Riley, C. V.] Fruit culture in the South. <Washington Post, 
 
 26 February, 1884. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 119-120. 
 Interview with a reporter ; means against insects infecting the orange. 
 
 2266. Riley, P. V. Ovipositiou of the round-headed apple-tree borer. 
 
 <Rural New-Yorker, 1 March, 1884, v. 43, p. 132, fig. 73. S.-b. 
 No. 42, p. 85; No. 67, p. 3. 
 Notice of paper of C. G. Atkins; confirmation of the account of the method 
 of oviposition of Saperda Candida ; description of this method ; correction of 
 several statements by W. Saunders in regard to the oviposition of dilferent 
 insects; description and figure of the egg of S. Candida ; figures of the bur- 
 rows and hole of exit of this beetle ; figures of the pupa and of the position 
 of the egg when deposited. 
 
 2267. [Riley, C. V., et al] Third report of the United States Ento- 
 
 mological Commission, relating to the Rocky Mountain locust, 
 the Western cricket, the army-worm, canker-worms, and the 
 Hessian fly; together with descriptions of larvfe of injurious 
 forest insects, studies on the embryological developmeut of the 
 locust and of other insects, and on the systematic position of 
 the Orthoptera in relation to other orders of insects ; with maps 
 and illustrations. <Washiugton : 1883 [6 March, 1884J, pp. 
 14+347+12+92, 18 figs., 64 pis., 4 maps. 
 
 Letter of submittal XI 
 
 Preface XIII 
 
 Part I. — In reference to the Eocky Mountain locust (Ca/ojjfe7i?<s spretus). 
 
 Chapter I : 
 
 Additions to the chronology of locust ravages in 1880 and 1881 3 
 
 The locust in 1880 in Texas, 3 ; in Colorado, 4 ; in Utah. 4 ; in 1881, 
 in Texas, 6 ; in Utah, 7. 
 Chapter II: 
 The Rocky Mountain locust in Montana in 1880. By Lawrence 
 
 Bruner 8 
 
 The country from St. Paul to Montana, 8 — Between Bismarck and 
 Fort Keogh, 9 — Burning often impracticable, 9 — Destroying lo- 
 custs by ditches and kerosene eddies, 13 — Ropes dragged to drive 
 them, 15 — "Drifts of hoppers," 16 — Shooting against locust 
 swarms, 16 — Destroying by ditches and burning straw, 17 — No 
 more damage for three or four years, 17 — Enemies of the locust 
 in the Northwest, 17 — Topography of western Dakota and Mon- 
 tana, 19. 
 Chapter III : 
 
 The Rocky Mountain locust in Wyoming, Montana, etc., in 1881. 
 
 By Lawrence Bruner 21 
 
 Letter of submittal of report by Lawrence Bruner, 21 — Gen- 
 eral report, 22 — Brief history of depredations, 22 — The earlier 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 317 
 
 2267. fRiLEY, C. v., et rf/.J— Continued. 
 
 CUAPTKK III— Coutiiitied. 
 
 oues, 23— Cbai acteristics of thepermanent region, 24— Settlement 
 ami otbt-r checks against locusts, 25 — Distribution ol" tbc jtcrma- 
 nent regions, 2")— Tbcir physical pocnliaritii-s,28— The arid re- 
 gion, 29— Pennancut breeding grounds, 2".t— Their locations and 
 relations. 30— The sources of locusts,:{0— Interchange of swaruie, 
 31— Regular migratory routes, 31— Agencies controlling migra- 
 tion, 32— Disadvantages of the temporary regions, 33— Period of 
 hatching, 34— Period of growth, 35— Habits of the young, M— 
 Habits at maturity, 36— Causes of occasional over-increase, 37— 
 Checks, enemies, 38- The efforts of experts baffled, 42— Tree 
 culture, 42— Climatic checks, 43— Tree planting. 43— Flights 
 affected by storms, 45 — Number of annual broods, 4r(—.<;nb-per- 
 manent region, 46— Its relations, 47— Locust movements therein, 
 48— How to light this insect, 49— Locust probabilities, 49— Re- 
 cent swarms, 50. • 
 Chapter IV : 
 Notes on other locusts and on the Western cricket, Jnahrua. By 
 
 Lawrence Bruner 53 
 
 Otherlocnsts, 53— List of North American locusts north of Mexico, 
 55 — The Western cricket, 61. 
 Chapter V: 
 Data obtained from solar physics and earthquake commotions ap- 
 plied to elucidate locust multiplication and migration, by A. H. 
 
 Swinton 65 
 
 Importance of the central luminary, wide effects of variation in its 
 potential energy, 65— On the tides, on chemical and organic ac- 
 tivities, on the physical forces, on epidemics, etc., 65, 66— Periods 
 of sun-spots, electrical effects of, 6(' — Thermometric effects of, 
 67 — Volcanic effects of, 6^5 — Entomological effects of, 65"- A new 
 sun-spot table, 69— Statement and tabulation of suu-Kpot dates, 
 69 — Comparison of sun-spot periods and iu.sect periods, 73 — 
 American locusts diminished by the spots, 73 — Euiopean conlirm- 
 ative examples of locusts apd other insects, 74 — Tabulation of 
 rare insect captures, 79 — Explained, 81— Migration and distribu- 
 tion affected, HI — Locusts again predicted in four or ten years, 
 83 — Conclusions, 84. 
 
 Part II.— The aumy-worm, canker-worms, axd the iiessiax fly. 
 
 Chapter VI : By C. V. Riley. 
 The army-worm, Lcucania utiiputtcta. By C. \. Riley 89 
 
 Nomenclature, 89— Other army- worms, falsely so called, 89 — Geo- 
 graphical distribution, 91 — Injuries by, 92— Past history of, 92— 
 Descriptive characters of, 101 — The egg, 101— The larva, 102— 
 The pupa, 103— Adults and sexual differences, 1<»3— Habits and 
 natural history, Ut.')— Ovipositiou, 10.5— Habits when young, lOd— 
 Duration of larval life, 109— Traveling haliits, etc., 110- Time of 
 appearance. 112 — Sudden appearance and disai)j»earance, 114 — 
 Food-plants, 116 — The pupa stale, 117— Habits of the moth, 117 — 
 Flight, 118 — Position at rest, lib — Number of broods yearly, 118 — 
 Hibernation, 122 — Natural enemies, 125 — Remedies. 128 — Burning 
 old grass, etc.. 128 — Predictions, meteorological influences on the 
 species, 129 — Ditching, coal-tar, poisoning, 130 — Ktdling, fencing, 
 roping, 131— Report of observations by L.O. Howard, 132 — Ex- 
 
318 BIBLIOGEAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2267. [Riley, C. V., et aL]— Continued. 
 
 Chapter VI — Continued. 
 
 tent of country injured, 133 — Crops injured, 133 — Amount of 
 damage, 133 — Previous season and crop, 134 — Number of broods, 
 134 — An accompanying cut- worm, 135 — Natural enemies, 135 — 
 Army-worm correspondence in spring of 1882, 136 — The invasion 
 of 1880 in New Jersey, by Eev. Samuel Lockwood, 139 — Perform- 
 ances of the worms, 139 — The direction of travel, 141 — Origin, 
 eggs, etc., 143— Breeding spots, 143 — Recapitulation, habits, and 
 remedies, 145 — Notes from Prof. C. V. Riley, the number of broods, 
 hibernation, seasonal influences, 147 — Bibliography, 148. 
 
 Chapter VII : By C. V. Riley. 
 Canker-worms, Paleacrita vernata, Anisopieryx poinetaria. By C. V. 
 
 Riley - 157 
 
 Classification, 157 — Two distinct insects concerned, 158 — Differences 
 ' between them, 159 — Nomenclature, 162 — Past history, 165 — The 
 
 spring canker-worm, 170 — -Range of the species, 170 — Characters, 
 171 — Habits and natural history, 172 — Appearance of the worms, 
 173 — Food-plants, 174 — Modesof distribution, 175 — Enemies, 175 — 
 Destructiveness of canker-worms, 178 — The fall canker-worm, 
 179 — Range of this species, 179 — Its characters, 180 — Habits and 
 natural history, 181 — Oviposition, 182 — Season of appearance, 
 182— Pupation, 183— Food-plants, 183 — Remedies and preventive 
 measures applicable to both species, 183— Sticky substances, 183 — 
 Hanging tin band, 185— Troughs of oil, 186— Precautions and 
 classification of contrivances, 189— Jarring and burning, 191 — 
 Washes and dustings, 191— Paris green, 192— Muriate of lime, 
 192— Sulphur plugged in trees, 193— Fall plowing, 193— Birds and 
 parasites, 195 — Diiferent measures against the species, 196. 
 
 Chapter VIII: 
 The Hessian fly — Cecidomyia destructor, its ravages, habits, and the 
 
 meaus of preventing its increase. By A. S. Packard, jr 198 
 
 Introduction, 198 — Losses occasioned by the Hessian fly, 199 — De- 
 scription of the fly,207— Habits, 210— Mode of egg-laying, 211— 
 Effects of the larva, 213 — Weather and seasonal influences, 215 — 
 Parasites, 216— Remedies, 220— Late sowing, 221— Early sowing, 
 223 — Advantage of high culture, 225 — Pasturing with sheep, 225 — 
 Sowing hardy varieties, 227 — Special remedies, 229 — Application 
 of lime, 229— Rolling the ground, 229— Close cutting, 229— Burn- 
 ing stubble, 230— Periodicity of the fly, 230— Chronological table 
 of fly years, 232 — Distribution of the fly, 234 — Its origin in Amer- 
 ica, 234— History of its distribution in the Old World, 234— In 
 America, 240 — Summary of habits and remedies, 244 — List of 
 works and articles on the Hessian fly, 245. 
 
 Part HI.— Scientific Results. 
 Chapter IX : 
 Descriptions of larvae of injurious forest insects. By A. S. Packard, jr. 251 
 Buprestidw, 251 — The flat-headed apple-borer, Chrysobothris femo- 
 rata, 251 — Chalcophora virginica, 252 — Melanojyhila sp.,2b3 — The 
 flat-headed spruce-borer {Melanophila^), 254 — The flat-headed 
 peach- and cherry-borer, Dieerca divaricata Say, 255 — Buprestid 
 under hemlock bark, 255 — Ceramhycidn\ 256 — Longicorn larva 
 under hemlock bark, 256 — Saperda on the willow, 256 — The lesser 
 pine-borer, Asemnm mirsfum Haldeman, 256 — The oak-borer, 
 Elaphidlon po,raUelu,m Newman, 257 — The common oak clytus, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 319 
 
 2267. [Riley, C. V., et «/.]— Continued. 
 
 Chapter IX — Coutinued. 
 
 Xylotrechus colouus Fabr., 257 — Clyius (f) larva ou black-biroh, 
 259 — The ribbed rhagium, lih. liiieatum Oliver. 259— The lesser 
 prionus, Or//io«OH(a brnnneum Dc Geer, 2150 — Unknown longicom 
 borer from an oak log, 2G1— Uukuowu lougicorn borer in syca- 
 more, 2G2. 
 
 Chapter X: 
 
 The embryological development of the locust. By A. S. Psvckard.jr. 263 
 Formation of the blastoderm, 263 — Origin of the iirimitivcanid-boid 
 cells, 264 — The blastodermic disc or primitive baud, 264 — The 
 germinal groove, 264 — Origin of the cellular or germinal layers, 
 264 — Diagrammatic view of the origin of these layers, from Gra- 
 ber. 265 — Embryonal membranes, 265 — Serous membrane, 265 — 
 
 . Amnion, 265 — Tabular view of the eight embryonal layers, 265 — 
 
 Division of the embryo or primitive baud into body segments, 
 266 — Development of the appendages, 266 ; of the nervous sys- 
 tem, 266; of the alimentary canal. 266 — The stomoda'um, 266 — 
 The proctodipum, 267 — The meseuteron or stomach. 267 — The 
 pyloric appendages of the stomach, 267 — The Malpighian tubes, 
 267 — The genital glands. 267 — The trachea' and salivary glands, 
 267— Spinning glands, 267— Development of the wings, 268— Crit- 
 icism of Gegenbaur's views, 269— Fritz Midler's views, 269— 
 Speculation on the primary origin of wings, 270 — Correlation of 
 metamorphosis with the acquisition of wings, and of the latter 
 with the ripening of the sexual organs, 271— Differentiation of 
 mesonotum and metanotum dependent on the presence of wings, 
 271— Development of a pupal stage, 271— Genealogy of the or- 
 ders of insects, 271. 
 The embryological development of orthopterous insects. By A. S. 
 
 Packard, jr 271 
 
 Rapid development of the embryo in autumn, 272— Embryology of 
 Gryllotalpa vulgaris, 272— Formation and contraction of the em- 
 bryonal skins, 272— Formation of the digestive canal, 272— Func- 
 tions of the mid-gut and hind-gut, 273— Origiu of the Malpighian 
 vessels, salivary glands, trachea-, and ovaries, 273— The sections 
 of eggs studied by the author, prepared by N. N. Mason, 273. 
 
 DeYelo-pment of Caloptenus atlanis. By A. S. Packard, jr 273 
 
 Rapidity of development in locust eggs laid in autumn, 273— Requi- 
 sites for the observation of stages earlier than those studied, 273— 
 Method of preparation of the eggs studied, 274— Structure of the 
 nervous system and eyes, 274 : of the heart, 274— Mode of origin 
 of the heart, 274— Contents of the heart, •_'74— Structure of.the 
 tracheal. 275; of the digestive canal. 275— Kelations of the proc- 
 todaium to the amnion, 27.5— Structure of the Malpighian tubes, 
 276 — The yolk cells and yolk granules, 276. 
 
 Development of Caloptenm aprefHU. By A. S. Packard, jr 277 
 
 The primitive segments, 277— The nervous system, 277— The tra- 
 chea;, 278— The digestive canal, 278— Details of structure in more 
 advanced embryos, 278— Structure of eyes, 27S— Origin of ocelli, 
 278— Relations of antenna-, eyes, clypeus, and labrum to the pro- 
 celaphic lobes, 279— Structure of brain and other ganglia, 279— 
 Relation." of man<'.ibles and the two pairs of maxilhe, 279— Rela- 
 tive development of legs, 279— Sections of embryo about ready 
 to hatch, 279. 
 
320 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2287. [Riley, C. V., et al.] — Continued. 
 
 Chapter X — Continned. 
 The development of the bark-boring beetles Rylurgops and XyU- 
 
 horus. By A. S. Packard, jr 280 
 
 Breeding habits of Xyleborus c(v,latus, 280 — Oviposition of Hylurgus 
 pinifex, 2S0 — Egg of the Xyleborus, 24 hours after impregnation, 
 280 — More developed egg, 280 — Threads connecting the amnion 
 with the serous membrane, 281 — Dorsal view of the embryo, 281 — 
 Later stage in Hylurgops, 281 — Later stage in Xyleborus, 281 — 
 Number of pairs of spiracles, 281 — Structure and habits of freshly 
 hatched Hylurgops, 281. 
 The number of segments in the head of winged insects. By A. S. 
 
 Packard, jr 282 
 
 Views generally entertained on this subject, 282 — Head composed 
 of four segments, 283— The procephalic lobes form the antenual 
 segment, 284 — The clypeus and labrum are the tergal portion of 
 this segment, 284 — The epicrauium is the pleural portion, 284 — 
 The occiput is the tergal portion of the labial segment, 284 — The 
 gnlar region probably the base of the labium, 285. 
 Chapter XI: 
 
 The systematic position of the Orthoptera in relation to other orders 
 
 of insects. By A. S. Packard, jr 286 
 
 Review of the characteristics of the four lowest orders of winged! 
 insects, 286 — Probable descent of Orthoptera, Pseudoneuroptera, 
 and Dermatoptera from a Thysanuran form, 286 — Method of the 
 present study, 286 — Characters of the Phyloptera, 287 — Mouth- 
 parts, 287— Thorax, 237— Wings, 288— Abdomen, 288— Metamor- 
 phosis, 288 — Nomenclature of external parts of Arthropoda, 288 — 
 Sequence of orders of Phyloptera, 288 — Characters of Dermatop- 
 tera, 289 ; of Orthoptera, 289 ; of Pseudoneuroptera, 290 — Want 
 of uniformity in characters of Pseudoneuroptera, 290 — The diag- 
 nostic characters superficial, 290 — Structure of labium, 291 — 
 Relative proportions of head-parts, 291 — Subdivisions of the order, 
 292— Characters of Platyptera, 292 ; of Odonata, 292 — Of Ephem- 
 erina, 293 — Characters of Neuroptera, 293 — Ligula, 293 — Thorax, 
 293— Wings, 293— Abdomen, 294— Subdivisions of the order, 294— 
 Tabular view of the grand divisions of winged insects, 294 — Dia- 
 grammatic view of the genealogy of the insects, 295 — Genealogy 
 of ihe Hexapoda, 295 ; of Thysanura, 295 ; of Dermatoptera, 295 ; 
 of Orthoptera, 296 ; of Pseudoneuroptera, 296 ; of Hemfptera, 
 297 ; of Neuroptera, 297 — Derivation of cruciform larvte, 297 ; of 
 Sialidas 297; of thysanuriform larvse, 297 — Diversity of Neu- 
 ropterous larvas, 297 — Larvae of Sialidie, 297 : of Hemerobiidie, 
 297; of Trichoptera, 298; of Panorpidie, 298— Significance of 
 the abdominal legs of Pauorpid larvae, 299 — The hypermetamor- 
 phosis of Mantispa a key to the origin of a complete metamor- 
 phosis, 299 — The asiiect of the Neuroptera comparatively special- 
 ized and modern, 299 — The Neuropterous labium a secondary 
 product, 299 — Origin of the Coleoptera, 299 — The free, active 
 larva^. of the carnivorous groups most nearly allied to the primi- 
 tive form, 300 — The scavenger and lihytophagous larvie show 
 increasing degradation of development, 300 — The relative form 
 of the maxillie a good index of the general development of the 
 body in Coleoptera, 300— Structure of maxilhe in the several 
 families, 300 — Close resemblance of the mouth-parts of Elaterid 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 321 
 
 21i67. [Riley, C. V., et a/.]— Continued. 
 
 CliAPTKR XI— Continiu'd. 
 
 larvio to those of Carabid larvas 30]— Tho hypermetamorphosis 
 of MeloidiB furnishes a clew to the prohahle origin of the dirt'er- 
 ent typea of Coh'opterous larva*, 301— Brief description of the 
 metaqjorphoscs of Meloe, 301— Of Epicauta, 302— Conii)ari8on of 
 the larval stages of Mtloidio with the different types of Coleop- 
 terous larvie, 30'2— Origin of the Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hy- 
 menoptera, 303 — Presence of temporary abdominal appendages 
 on each segment of Lepidoplerous, Coleopterous, and Orthopter- 
 ous embryos, 304 — Description of the structure of Dermatoptera 
 (Forficula), 304— Labia, 30t'—LarvaofForficula,30»—Orthoptera, 
 309— Blattariaj, 309— Close relation of Blatta and Termes, 310— 
 Structure of Mantida?, 310— Bhitta the stem-form of the Orthop- 
 tera, 31.2 — Mantis connects the Acrydii and the Blattaria;, 312 — 
 Structure of Phasmida, 31'2 — Diapheromera, 312— Prisopus, 313— 
 This genus connects the Phasmida with the Acrydii, 314— Struc- 
 ture of Acrydii, 314 — Caloptcnus, 314 — Proscopia, 316 — Conoceph- 
 alus, 318 — Locustariffi (Aiiabrus), 318 — Gryllida>, 319 — Gryllus, 
 319— Gryllotalpa, 320— CEcanthus, 322— Sequence of families of 
 Orthoptera, 322 — Structure of Pseudoncuroptera, 322 — Corroden- 
 tia, 3-22 — Perlidic (Pteronarcys), 322 — Psocida; (Psocus), 325 — 
 Termitidse, 32r — Odouata, 329 — Ephemeriua, 333 — Neuropteia, 
 335 — Piauipennia, 335 — SiaIidiT3, 335 — Hemerobiidoe, 338 — Panor- 
 pidae (Panorpa), 342 — Trichoptera (Limnophilus), 344. 
 Chapter XII : 
 Note on the geographical distribution of the Rocky Mountain lo- 
 cust, illustrated with a colored zoo-geographical map of North 
 America. By A. S. Packard, jr 346 
 
 APPENDipES. 
 
 Appendix I: 
 
 Early references to the occurrence of the Hessian fly in North America. [3] 
 Early newspaper references, [3] — In 17S4-'d5, at Long Island and 
 West Chester, [3] — In 1788, iu Long Island, Delaware, New Jer- 
 sey, and Pennsylvania, [3] — The fly resisted by certain varieties 
 of wheat, [3-5]. 
 Appexdix II: 
 
 A. Description of the rye gall-gnat. By Dr. Herman Loew [6] 
 
 Views as to the original country of the Hessian fly, [6] — The rye 
 
 gall-gnat and the Hessian fly may not bo the same species, [6] — 
 Description of the rye gall-gnat, C. secalhia, [7]. 
 
 B. Observations of the new crop gall-gnat. By Dr. Balthasar Wag- 
 
 ner, Fulda, 1861. Translated by Carl F. Gissler [8] 
 
 Literature, [8]— Preliminary consideration of the snbimago and 
 imago stages, [8]— Occurrence at Fulda, [8]— Breeding under 
 nets, [9]- Seasonal and sexual differences, [9]— The fly short 
 lived, [10]— Description of the adult, [lOJ— Of the male, [12]— 
 Of the female, [ 13 |— The winter generat ion, [ 14]— The egg, [ 15]— 
 The maggot, [16]— The pupa or chrysalis, [19]— The perfect in- 
 sect, [20]— Seasonal and sexual ditterences, [21]— Only the mag- 
 gots hibernate, [22]— Single and double l)rooded, [23]— Summer 
 generation, [23]— The new cereal gall-gnat as compared with 
 Cecidomyia fecaliiia Loew, [24]— Comparison of C. sevalinn Loew 
 with C. destructor Say, [24]— Views of Loew, Fitch, and Uerrick 
 
 21 ENT 
 
322 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
 
 2267. [Riley, C. V., et «Z.]— Continued. 
 
 Appendix II — Continued. 
 
 discussed, [25] — The rye gall-gnat, C. secalina and C. destructor, 
 all of oue species, [28] — The name Hessian fly not justified, [28] — 
 Historical evidence thereon, [28] — Attempt at a new theory of 
 the origin of the insect, [31] — Of Asiatic origin?, [31] — Carried 
 to North America from France or Spain, [32] — Parasites, [33] — 
 Remedies, [34] — The removal of the barley after-growth, [34] — 
 Picking by hand, [35] — Grazing, [35] — Mowing, etc., [36] — Sow- 
 ing grain as bait, [30] — Plowing, burning, rolling, [37] — Rich- 
 ness of soil, [37] — Resistive varieties of wheat, [38] — Sowing late 
 or early, [38]. 
 Appendix III : . 
 
 The Hessian fly in Silesia in 18G9. By Professor Dr. Ferd. Cohn [39] 
 
 The Hessian fly, Cecidomyia destructor, and other Diptera observed 
 destroying grain in Silesia, [39]. 
 Appendix IV : 
 Koeppen's account of the Hessian fly. By F. T. Koeppen, St. Peters- 
 burg, 1880 [41] 
 
 The Hessian fly recently detected extensively distributed in Rus- 
 sia, [41] — Two generations each season, [41] — Number of eggs 
 at each deposition, [41] — Parasites, [41] — Doubtful epecies of - 
 Cecidomyia, [42] — Descriptions of species, [42]. 
 Appendix V: 
 
 The Hessian fly not imported from Europe. By Dr. H. A. Hagen, 
 
 Cambridge, Mass [43] 
 
 Conclusions of the author and others as to the nativity of Cecido- 
 myia destructor, [43]— Not imported by the Hessian troops, [43] — 
 Probably here before the war, [45] — Not known in Germany be- 
 fore 1857, [46] — Mistakes corrected, [46] — A critical review of 
 its history, [47]— Marked difference between C. destructor and C, 
 secalina, [49]. 
 Appendix VI: 
 
 Report on the Rocky Mountain locust in 1880. By John Marten. .. [50] 
 Report to Dr. Cyrus Thomas of observations, [50] — Damages from 
 locusts and wheat flies in Minnesota, [50] — Previous damages 
 from locusts in Dakota, [51] — In Montana, [52]. 
 Appendix VII: 
 
 Report of notes made in 1880. By A. J. Chipman [55] 
 
 Nolocusts in Kansas, [,55] — Suffering from drought, [55] — Favorable 
 climatic changes, [55] — The locusts in Colorado, [56]. 
 Appendix VIII : 
 
 Miscellaneous locust notes [57] 
 
 Dates and localities of locust swarms that have attained the coast 
 of Great Britain. Notes by A. H. Swinton, [57] — Occurrence of 
 the migratory locust in Japan, [59] — Early notices of locusts in 
 North America, [59] — Locusts at Fort Frontenac or Cataraqui, 
 Canada, [59] ; at Puerto Seguro Harbor, California, [60] — The 
 locust in California in 1880, [60]; in Nevada, [60] — Locusts and 
 cotfee-trees in Guatemala, [60] — History of locusts in other coun- 
 tries, [61] — Locusts probably never will do so much damage again 
 in North America, [61] — Utilization of locusts as food, [61]; of 
 crickets as manure, [62] — Ravages of locusts in Russia in 1879 
 and 1880, [62] ; in the Caucasus, [63] ; in Elizavetopol, [63] ; in 
 the district of Rassachs, [64] — Plowing as a means of killing the 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 323 
 
 2267. [KiLEY, C. v., ct a^]— Continued. 
 
 Ai'i'EXDix VIII — Coutimied. 
 
 locusts, [64] — Dcstnictiou of locusts in tbe district of Gori, 
 [64] — Locusts iu Cbiua iu 1878, [65] — Oil as a uifiins of destroy- 
 ing theui, [65] — 2,000,000 catties of eggs collected, [65]— Article 
 ou the extermination of the locust in China, [65-68]— Chinese 
 bibliography of tbe subject, [65]— Chinese rcgulatious regarding 
 tbe externiiuation of locusts, [67]— Locusts in Cape Colony, 
 South Africa, [68]— Ravages of untledged locusts, [68]— Locusts 
 as food, [()9] — Barriers as means of warding ott" and capturing 
 locusts, [61)]- Egg laying and hatching, [72]— Protection against 
 flying locusts, [72]— Locusts in the Philippine Islands in 1878-79, 
 [72]— The locust plague in Bolivia, [72]— Locusts iu India, [73]; 
 in tbe OttapidaraniTaluq, [73] ; in Sattur, [73]— Ki«iuest «>f the 
 Madras Government for inlbrmatiou as to tbe movements of tbe 
 locusts, [74] — Locusts in Knlapurum, Comaraliugum, Kolumam, 
 and in the Pulni Taluq, [74] — Difficulties in coping with locusts 
 in southern India, [74] — Means against unfledged locusts, [75] — 
 Locusts driven into tbe sea at Tuticoriu and Tricbendur, [76] — 
 Recommendation of rewards for gathering locusts, [76] — Locusts 
 * at Peryapatty, [76] ; in tbe Bellary district, [77]— Recommenda- 
 
 tion of means against locusts, [7c] — Locusts at Madura, [78] — 
 Destruction of young locusts by fire at Pothanore, [78]— Locusts 
 at Tiroomoortbypovil, Dbully, and Jellipatty, [79] ; iu various 
 parts of tbe Punjab, [79] — Means against the locusts, [79]— Re- 
 muneration for destruction of locusts, [80] — Locusts in Cudda- 
 pah district, [61]. 
 
 Appendix IX: 
 
 Experience with tbe spring canker- worm. By Martin A. Howell, jr.. [82] 
 Means employed to save an orchard from the ravages of canker- 
 worms, [82]— Pruning, manuring, and washing of the trees, 
 [82] — Spraying of tbe leaves with soft soap and arseuite of soda 
 iu water, [83]— Belting tbe trees with sulphur and adhesive 
 mixtures, [83]— Endurance of the moths, [84]— Variation of 
 color in eggs, [85] — Most practical means of relief, [85] — Adult- 
 erations of Paris green, [85]— Good force-pumps, [85]— Distribu- 
 tion of canker-worms by tbe wind, [85]. 
 
 2268. [Rlley, C. V.] The silk industry in the United States. <Sci. 
 
 euce, 7 March, 1884, v. 3, pp. 290-292. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 82-84- 
 Review of article of W. C Wyckofi"; early history and present status of silk 
 culture iu North America; criticism of the estimates of tbe amount of silk 
 ■raised iu early times; relations of silk-culture and silk-manufacture to 
 free trade and protection in tbe United States. 
 
 2269. Eiley, C. Y. The array-worm. <Washington, 1883 [20 March, 
 
 1884], pp. 89-152, pi. 1-2, with 1 p. expl. of pi. Advance re- 
 print of princii)al portions: <Rept. [U. S.J Com. Agric. for 
 1881-1882, January, 1883, *pp. 89-100. 
 Chapter 6 of tbe Third Report U. S. Entomological Commission. See No. 
 2267 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2270. EiLEY, C. V. Canker-worms. <Washiiijjton, 1883 [20 March, 
 
 1884J, pp. 157-198, pi. 3, with 1 p. expl. of pi. Extract : < Amer. 
 
324 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2270. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Cult., 1884, V. 46: 29 March, p. 1; 5 April, p. 1. S.-b. No. 42, pp. 
 118-119 ; No. 57, pp. 86-87. 
 Chapter 7 of Third Report U. S. Entomological Commission. See No. 2267 
 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2271. [Riley, C. v.] The chinch-bug. Another entomologist expresses 
 
 his views regarding the farmers' pest. <Watertown [N. Y.] 
 Daily Times, 27 March, 1884, v. 24. S-b. No. 57, pp. 42-43. 
 Reprint: <Ogdensburg Journal, 1884. 
 Notice of articles of J. A. Lintner; the occurrence of Blissus leucopierus in 
 New York State in unusual abundance in 1882 and 1883 not a cause for 
 great alarm ; means against this insect. See No. 2252. 
 
 2272. Riley, C. V. Notes on North American Psyllidce. <Proc. Biol. 
 
 Soc. Wash., 1884, v. 2, pp. 67-79. Separate: <[Washington], 
 
 10 April, 1884, pp. 67-79. 
 
 Notice of earlier studies of European and North American PsyUidtv; list of 
 18 nominal species described from North America; systematic and syn- 
 onymical list of the same; descriptions of Pachypsylla n. g. [p. 71], P. 
 venusta, P. celfidis-mamma, and P. {_Blastophysa n. s-g., p. 75] celtidis-gemma 
 n. sp. [p. 74]; dichotomic table of the three species of Pac/iyjjs^^/a; descrip- 
 tions of Ctropsylla n. g. [p. 76] sideroxyli n. sp. [p. 76], Eldnopsylla u. g. 
 [p. 77] schwarzii n. sp. [p. 78]. 
 
 2273. Riley, C. V. Remarks on the bag-worm, Thyridopteryx epheme- 
 
 rceformis. <Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1882-1884, 1884, v. 2, pp. 
 80-83, figs. 1-3. Separate : <[ Washington], 10 April, 1884, pp. 
 80-83, figs. 1-3. 
 Explanation of the more important and less known facts in relation lo the 
 life-history of Thyridopteryx ephemera' for mis, especially in reference to the 
 act of coition ; figures of all stages and of the external male genitalia. 
 
 2274. Riley, C. V. The use of naphthaline as an insecticide. <Science, 
 
 11 April, 1884, V.3, pp. 455-456. 
 Review and summary of article of E. Fischer. 
 
 2275. Riley, C. V. Entomography of Hirmoneura. <Science, 18 
 
 April, 1884, v. 3, p. 488. 
 Review of F. Brauer's observations on the life-history of Hirmoneura obscura. 
 
 2276. Riley, C. V, Orthoptera. <Standard Natural History (The) . . . 
 
 Boston, Cassino, 1 May-27 July, 1884, v. 2, pp. 167-203, 1 pi., 
 figs. 243-285. Reprint: <Riverside Natural History (The) . . . 
 Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1888, v. 2, pp. 
 167-203, 1 pi., figs. 243-285. 
 Systematic position, limitations, classificatory characters, transformations, 
 molts, and geographical and geological distribution of the order; charac- 
 ters, habits, and distribution of the several families; mention of the prin- 
 cipal North American and of some foreign species, with more particular 
 accounts of many species, especially in regard to their stridulation and ovi- 
 position, with figures of a few species and of their eggs. Ectolia germanica, 
 Phasmomantis Carolina, Diapheromerafemorata, CEcanthiis niveus, (E.laHpennia, 
 Orocharis saltator, Camptonotus scudderi, Cyrtophyllus concavus, Microcen- 
 trum retinerve, and Caloptenus spretus are particularly mentioned. 
 
 2277. Riley", C. V. Reports of observations and experiments in the 
 
 practical work of the division, made under the direction of the 
 
^ BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 325 
 
 2277. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 entomologist, together with extracts from correspondence on 
 miscellaneous insects. <Bull. No. 4, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 
 Agric. [3 May], 1884, 102 pp., 4 figs. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 Introduction 7 
 
 Report upon cranberry ami hop insects. By John B. Smith 9 
 
 Observations on the Rocky Mountain locust and other insects in the 
 
 Northwest during the summer of lb83. By Lawrence Brnner 51 
 
 Preliminary report of observations upon insects injurious to cotton, 
 
 orange, and sugar-cane in Brazil. By John C. Brauner 63 
 
 Report on the effects of cold on the scale insects of the orange in 
 
 Florida. By Joseph Voyle 70 
 
 Extracts from correspondence 74 
 
 Additional notes on the cultivation of pyrethrum in the United States. 95 
 
 2278. Riley, C. V. Silk-culture in the colonies. <Science, 9 May, 
 
 1884, V. 3, pp. 562-503. 
 Explanation of several technical terms used in silk-culture. 
 
 2279. Riley, C.V. Maple-tree insects. <Sci. Amer., 24 May, 1884, v. 
 
 59, p. 325. S.-b. Iso. 63, p. 45. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of R. H. Cutler; food-plants of and means against Pulvi- 
 naria innumerabilis. 
 
 2280. Riley, C. V. Acronycta betuUe n. sp. <Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, 
 
 May, 1884, v. 7, pp. 2-3, fig. 
 
 Description of Acroni/cla hetulcc n. sp. [ji. 2], reared from Betula nigra; sea- 
 eons and habits of larva; comparison with related species. 
 
 2281. Riley, C. V. Recent advances in economic entomology. <Proc. 
 
 Philos. Soc. Washington, 1884, v. 7, pp. 10-12. Separate : 
 <Washingtou, 1884, i^p. 10-12. Reprint: <Kansas City Re- 
 view of Science, May, 1884, pp. 13-15. S.-b. Xo. 63, pp. 43-44. 
 Characteristics of economic entomology as a science and difficulties of its 
 prosecution; the chief insecticide substances and their applicability ; re- 
 cent progress in mechanical appliances. 
 
 2282. Riley, C. V. Department of insects. <Ann. Rept. of Regents 
 
 Smith. Inst, for 1882, 1884, pp. 215-216. 
 List of accessions to the U. S. National Museum, with comments; note on 
 the Glover plates and manuscripts. 
 
 2283. Riley, C. Y. Quelques mots sur les insecticides aux £tats-Unis 
 
 et proposition d'un nouveau remede contre le Phylloxera. Com- 
 munication faite a la Societe d'Agriculture de I'Herault a la 
 seance du 30 Juin, 1884. <Montpelier, 1884, t p. cover+8 pp. 
 Reprint: <Messager Agricole, 10 July, 1884, ser. 3, v. 5, pp. 
 255-265. <La Vigne Amer., July, 1884, v. 8, No. 7, p. 207. 
 Resistant vines better than the best insecticides as a meaus against Phylloxera 
 vastatrix; principal insecticides in use, especially arsenical substances, pe- 
 troleum and pyrethrum ; method of action and mode of application of 
 these insecticides, especially application by the cyclone nozzle, and the 
 subterranean application of kerosene emulsion as a means against Phyl- 
 loxera vastatrix; tobacco vapor, under favorable conditions, would probably 
 kill this insect. 
 
326 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
 
 2284. [Riley, C. T.] Remedies for various insects. <Prairie Farmer, 
 
 26 July, 1884, v. 56, p. 470. S.-b. No. 59, p. 36. 
 
 Comparative efficacy and otlier qualities of several insecticides, especially 
 arsenical substances, tobacco vapor, petroleum emulsions, and pyrethrum. 
 
 2285. Riley, C. V. Habits of Grapholitha olivaceana. <Ent. Mo. Mag., 
 
 August, 1884, V. 21, p. 67. 
 Grapholitha olivaceaiia bred from curled tips of Solidago. 
 
 2286. Riley, C. V. Bhyssa not lignivorous. < Science, 28 November, 
 
 1884, V. 4, p. 480. 
 Parasitic habits of Bhyssa [== Thalessa'i upon Tremex columba. 
 
 2287. Riley, C. V. The apple-root borer. <Rural New-Yorker, 13 De- 
 
 cember, 1884, V. 43, p. 831. S.-b. No. 63, p. 50. 
 
 Means against the larva of Prionus laticoUis. 
 
 2288. Riley, C. V. A new insect injurious to wheat. <Bull. Brook- 
 
 lyn Ent. Soc, December, 1884, v. 7, pp. 111-112. Separate: 
 <[Brooklyn, N. Y., December, 1884], p. 111. 
 Description of larva, pupa, and female imago of Isosoma grande n. sp. [p. Ill] 
 reared from wheat stems in Indiana. 
 
 2289. Riley, C. V. The insects of the year. <Science, 26 December, 
 
 1884, V. 4, pp. 565-568. 
 Entomological calendar for each month of the year. 
 
 2290. Riley, C. Y. On the care of entomological specimens. <Sci- 
 
 ence, 9 January, 1885, v. 5, p. 25. 
 Reply to editorial comments on the care of entomological specimens in the 
 National Museum. 
 
 2291. Riley, C. V. Report of the entomologist. <Anu. Rept. fU. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric. for 1884, 1885, pp. 285-418, 10 pi. Sepa- 
 rate: <Washington: 31 January, 1885, pp. 9-fpp. 285-418+ 
 pp. 9, 10 pi. 
 
 Introduction 285 
 
 Scope of the report, 285 — Climate and insect phenomena during 
 the year, 285— Silk-culture, 286— Field force of the Bureau, 
 286 — Suggested additions to field force, 287 — Office force and 
 its work, 287 — Trip to Europe, 287 — International Forestry Ex- 
 hibition at Edinburgh, 287— Phylloxera in France, 288 — Ex- 
 hibitof the Bureau at the New Orleans Exposition, 288— Third 
 report of the United States Entomological Commission, 288 — 
 Special reports, 288 — Suggestions, 288 — Illustrations, 288. 
 
 Cabbage insects 289 
 
 Cabbage cut- worms 289 
 
 General characters, habits, and natural history, 289 — Natural en- 
 emies, 290 — Damage to cabbage, 290. 
 
 The dark-sided cut-worm, Agrotis messoria 290 
 
 Synonymy, 290— Spread, 290— Climbing habits, 290 — Natural his- 
 tory, 290 — Larva and moth popularly described, 290. 
 
 The granulated cut- worm, Agrotis annexa 291 
 
 Spread, 291 — Number of annual generations, 2!>1 — Hibernation, 
 291 — Eggs and early states described, 292. 
 
 The shagreened cut-worm, Agrotis malefida 292 
 
 Distribution, 292 — Points of difference from Agrotis annexa, 29'3 — 
 Early states described, 293. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 327 
 
 2291. KiLEY, n. v.— Continued. 
 Cabbagk insects— Con tin ued. 
 
 The W-iuarUcd cut-worm, AgroHs dandcsUna 29:1 
 
 Food-plants, 29;?— Habits, 294— Larva and moth popularly de- 
 scribed, 294. 
 
 The greasy cut- worm, Jgrotis ypsUon 294 
 
 Synonymy, 294— Distribution, 294— Habits, 294— Food - plants, 
 294— Hibernation, 295— Larva and moth popularly described, 
 295 — Description of egg, 295. 
 
 The speckled cut-worm, Mameslra subjuncta 296 
 
 Distribution, 29(5- Habits, 296— Appearance, 296, 
 
 The glassy cut- worm, Hadena devastatrix 296 
 
 Past history, 297— Natural history, 297— Characters, 297. 
 
 The variegated cut- worm, Agrotis saucia 297 
 
 Distribution, 297 — Food-plants, 297 — Egg and early states de- 
 scribed, 298 — Rapidity of development, 298. 
 
 Remedies for cabbage cut- worms 298 
 
 Unsatisfactory remedies, 298 — Wrapping the stem, 298 — Trapping 
 the worms, 299— Ditching, 299— Fall plowing, 299— The great 
 value of iJoisoned bait, 299. 
 
 Other cabbage insects .300 
 
 The imbricated snout beetle, Epicwrus imbricatus 300 
 
 Distribution, 300— Food-plants, 300— Habits, 301— Remedies, 
 301 — An allied imported insect, said to injure cabbage, 301, 
 
 The wavy-striped flea-beetle, Phyllotreta viitata 301 
 
 Food-plants, 301— Habits, 301- Injury, 302— Early states, 302— 
 Remedies, 302. 
 
 Zimmermann's flea-beetle, Phgllotreta zimmermanni 304 
 
 Food-plants, 304 — Habits of larva, 307 — Characters as compared 
 with the wavy-striped flea-beetle, 305 — Early states described, 
 306 — Other species of the group, 307 — Their habits, 307 — Nat- 
 ural enemies, 307 — Pleitrotropis phfiUoireta n. sp. described, 308. 
 
 The Colorado cabbage flea-beetle, Phyllotreta albionica 308 
 
 How it differs from the preceding species, 308 — Mention of a 
 Pacific coast species, 308. 
 
 The Colorado potato-beetle, Doryphora 10-lineata 308 
 
 Mentioned as sometimes eating cabbage, 308. 
 
 The harlequin cabbage-bug, Murgantia hislrionica 309 
 
 Distribution, 309— Its spread to the North and East, 309— Food- 
 plants, 310— Natural history, 310 — Amount of damage, 311 — 
 Natural enemy, 311— Remedies, 311— Applications, 311— Clean 
 cultivation, 311— Destroying the early broods, 311 — Kerosene, 
 312. 
 
 The tarnished plant-bug, Lygns pratcnsis 312 
 
 Distribution, 312— Food-plants, 312— Synonymy, 312— Supposed 
 carnivorous habit, 312— EtTects of its puncture, 313— Variation 
 in color, 313— Habits, 313 — As an enemy to strawberries, 314— 
 Remedies, 314— Preventive measures, 315 — Applications, 315. 
 
 The false chinch-bug, Xysiiis angnstatits 315 
 
 Synonymy, 31.5— Food-plants, 316— Habits, 316— Remedies, 316. 
 
 The cabbage plant-louse, Aphin hras.sicn- 317 
 
 An imported insect, 317— Damage, 317- Habits, 317— Life-his- 
 tory, 318 — Natural enemies, 318 — Remedies, 318. 
 
 The cabbage Anthorayia, J nf/ioHi2/!rt hransicw . 319 
 
 Introduced from Europe, 319— Life-history, 320— Natural ene- 
 mies, 320— Remedies. 321. 
 
328 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2291. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 Cabbage ixsects— Continued. 
 
 The cabbage Oscinis, Oscinis hrassicos ■ 322 
 
 First found at St. Louis, 322 — Habits, 322 — Descriptive, Oscinis 
 brassicce n, sp., 322. 
 
 The Eocky Mountain locust, Caloptenus spretus 323 
 
 Successful introduction of a parasite (Apanteles glomeratus) of the 
 
 imported cabbage-worm 323 
 
 GeNKRAX TRUTHS IN APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY 323 
 
 Introductory, 323 — Benefits derived from insects, 324— Influence 
 of civilization upon insect increase, 324— Losses from insects, 
 324 — Knowledge which the economic entomologist should pos- 
 sess, 325- Habits of the grape phylloxera, 325 — Number of 
 species of insects, 326 — The different insecticides, 326— Arsen- 
 ical compounds, 327 — Petroleum, 327 — Kerosene emulsions, 
 328— Pyre thrum, 328— Its cultivation in California, 328 — Its 
 influence on mammals, .329 — Insecticides to be used against 
 root-feeding insects, 329 — Mechanical contrivances, 329 — The 
 eddy-chamber or cyclone nozzle, 330. , 
 Kerosene emulsions 330 
 
 Their importance as insecticides, 330 — Use in orange groves, 
 330— Warning against imperfect emulsions, 331 — Formula for 
 kerosene and soap emulsions, 331 — Importance of a stable 
 emulsion, 331 — Use of a force-pump in making emulsions, 331 — 
 Trees injured by unemulsified oil, 332 — The use of ley washes 
 in California, 333. 
 
 Miscellaneous insects 334 
 
 The American Cimbex, Cimbex americana 334 
 
 Injury to willows, 334— A new habit, 334 — Eggs and mode of 
 oviposition, 335 — Habits of young larva, 335 — Remedies, 336 — 
 Other willow enemies, 336. 
 The streaked Cottonwood leaf-beetle, Lina scripta 336 
 
 Value of the cottonwood in the West, 336 — Damage by the beetle 
 in 1884, 336— Other food-plants, and former injuries, 337 — 
 Natural history, 338 — Remedies, 338 — Apparatus for poisoning, 
 339 — Varieties of the beetle, 340. 
 The Southern butf'alo-gnat, Simii Hum. pecttarum 340 
 
 Losses in former years, 340 — Damage done by European species, 
 341— Early states of European species, 342 — Early states of 
 American species, 342 — Recent ravages in the Southwest, 343 — 
 Remedies, 344 — Smudges, 344— Body applications, 344 — Sug- 
 gestions, 345. 
 The angoumois grain-moth, Gelechia cerealella 345 
 
 Abundance, 345 — Origin, 345 — Past history, 346 — Natural history 
 and method of work, 346 — Number of annual generations, 347 — 
 Results of its work, 347 — Parasites, 348 — Remedies, 348 — 
 Baking and concussions, 348 — Quarantine, 348 — Bisulphide of 
 carbon, 349 — Preventive measures, 349 — Description of eggs, 
 350. 
 The cottony maple scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis 350 
 
 Distribution, 350 — ^History and synonymy, 3.50 — Life history, 351 — 
 Food-plants, 352 — Mode of spreading, 353 — Natural enemies, 
 354 — Remedies, 355. 
 The cranberry fruit-worm, Acrobasis vaccinii 355 
 
 Natural history, 355 — Remedies, 356 — Descriptive, Acrobasis vac- 
 cinii n. sp., 356 — Systematic position, 357. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 329 
 
 2291. RiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 MisCELLANEoi'.s INSKCTS — Continued. 
 
 The larger wheat-straw Isosoma, Isoaoma grande 3r>7 
 
 The phytophagic habits of the geniiH, :jr>7— Mr. Webster's obser- 
 vations, ;?57 — Descriptive, Isosoma grande n.sp., 358 — Ovipositiou, 
 358 — Only females known, 358. 
 
 Silk culturk 359 
 
 Sendiu<>c out eggs, 359— Reports, 35"J— The manual of instructions, 
 359— Appoiatuient of Philip Walker as special agent, 359 — 
 Diseases, 359 — Pasteur's process, 3."jy— A Government reeling 
 establishment, 360— Correspondence, 360— The Serrell reel, 
 360 — Houie reeling, 361 — Herbelin's filature, 361. 
 
 Reports of agents 361 
 
 Rust of the orange. By H. G. Hubbard 361 
 
 Discoloration of the fruit, 361 — Time of appearance. 361— It is 
 not a fungus, 362— The mite on the leaves, 362- First appear- 
 ance of mites on the fruit, 363— Attacks of mites always fol- 
 lowed by rust, 363 — Interval between disappearance of mites 
 and appearance of rust, 363 — Description of the mite, 363— Life 
 history, 364 — Food, 364 — Wandering habits, 365— Numerical 
 abundance, 365— Rings of rust on fruit, 366— lulluence of 
 ■weather, 366— Agencies -which assist in the distribution of the 
 mites,366— Food-plants, 367—Eflect8 of attacks on foliage, .367 — 
 Rusted fruit, 367 — Introduction and spread of the mite, 367 — 
 Periodsof increase, 368 — Geographical distribution, 368 — Reme- 
 dies, 368 — Intiuence of soil and methods of cultivation, 368 — 
 Preventive measures, 368 — Application of insecticides, 369 — 
 Whale-oil soap, 369 — Sulphur, 370— Kerosene, 372— Creosote, 
 372— Potash, 372— Pyrethrum, 373— Lime, 373— Ashes, 373— 
 Caution, 373. 
 Second report on tfie causes of the destruction of the evergreen and 
 other forest trees in northern New England and New York. By A. 
 
 S. Packard, jr 374 
 
 Localities visited, 374 — Destruction of spruces in northern New 
 York, 374 — Probably caused by bark-boring beetles, 375— De- 
 struction of spruces in northern Maine, 376 — Discussion of 
 causes, 376 — Condition of the hackmatack in 1884, 377 — The 
 reddish-yellow spruce-bud worm, 378 — Its injuries, 378 — Ita 
 classification, 378 — Ita habits, 378 — !Remedies, 379— The com- 
 mon longicorn pine-borer, 379 — Abundance, 379 — Mode of ovi- 
 position, 380— Description of egg, 380— Habits and damage 
 done, 381— The sugar- maple borer, 382— Its burrows, 382— Its 
 eggs and larvie, 382 — Kerosene as a remedy, 383. 
 
 Insects affecting fall wheat. By F. M. Webster 383 
 
 The wheat-straw Isosoma, 383— Ovipositiou, 384— Description of 
 its egg, 385— Number of generations, 385— Ell'oct of its work on 
 wheat-straw, 386— Table o jiosition of larvie in straw, 386— 
 Natural enemies, 387— Wheat and grass saw-fly, 38<;— Appear- 
 ance, 388— Parasites, 388— Whi-at midge, 389— Natural enemies, 
 389— Dates, 389— American Meromyza, ^89— Dates, 390— The 
 flea-like negro-bug, 390— Dates, 390— Description of egg. 390— 
 The tarnished plant-bug, .391— The soldier-bug, 391— The field- 
 cricket, 391— Cuttiugotf wheat, 391— Insects affecting rye, 392— 
 Insects afifectiug oats, 392— The stalk-borer, 392— Dates, 393. 
 
330 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2291. Riley, C. V.— Contiuued. 
 
 Reports of agents — Continued. 
 Report upon insects affecting the hop and the cranberry. By J. B. 
 Smith 393 
 
 The hop Aphis, 393 — Its first appearance, 393 — The cranberry 
 fruit-worm, 394 — The fire-worm, 395 — Cranberry leaf-folder, 
 395 — Its dimorphism, 396 — A cecidomyid larva infesting pears 
 atMeriden, Conn., 396 — Description of larva and infested fruit, 
 396 — Pupation, 397 — Distribution, 397 — Varieties of pear in- 
 fested, 397 — Probably an imported pest, 398 — Remedy, 39B. 
 
 Notes from Nebraska. By Lawrence Bruner 398 
 
 The Rocky Mountain locust in 1884, 398— Other species of locusts, 
 399— The snowy tree- cricket, 399— The chinch-bug, 399— Cut- 
 worms, 400 — The imported cabbage- worm, 400 — Its natural ene- 
 mies, 400 — Otjier cabbage-worms, 401 — False caterpillars on 
 grass and sedge, 401 — Cimbex americanaon willow hedges, 401 — 
 •njury to cotton woods by the striped beetle, 402 — The Colorado 
 pbtato-beetle, 403. 
 Notes of the year 403 
 
 Chinch-bug notes 403 
 
 The so-called "invasion" of St. Lawrence County, New York, 
 in 1883, 403 — Mr. Lintner's prediction and his reasons therefor, 
 403 — Reasons for dissenting from this view, 404 — The result in 
 1884, 405. 
 
 Notes on the grape Phylloxera 405 
 
 Regarding the grape Phylloxera in Russia, 405 — In reference to 
 the treaty ot Berne and the prohibition of the introduction of 
 bulbs and cuttings from the United States into Germany, 407 — 
 The grape Phylloxera in graperies ; legal questions arising, 408. 
 
 Miscellaneous notes - ^ 410 
 
 The box Psylla found in the United States, 410 — The dwarfing of 
 oaks by Mallodon melavopus, 410 — The clover-seed midge, 411 — 
 The potato-stalk weevil, 411 — The red-humped prominent, 411 — 
 The varying anomala, 412 — White-lined morning-sphinx, 41*2 — 
 The apple-tree tent caterpillar, 412 — Corn bill-bugs, 413 — A 
 swarming mite, 413 — A new enemy to white roses, 413 — A bee- 
 tle eating peach-leaves, 413 — Efl'ect of cold on the eggs of bark- 
 lice, 413 — Ravages of grain-weevils in Florida, 414 — Fuller's 
 rose-beetle, 414 — The blood-sucking Conorhinus, 414 — The ca- 
 talpa sphinx, 415 — Notes on cotton worms, 415 — Pyrethrum, 
 416. 
 
 Notes from Missouri. By M. E. Murtfeldt 416 
 
 The striped flea-beetle, 416 — The Colorado potato-beetle, 416 — 
 The imported ciabbage-butterfly, 416 — The cottony maple scale, 
 417 — The stalk-borer, 417 — GraphoJilha prunivora, 418 — The 
 grape saw-fly, 418 — A saw-fly on plum, 418 — A saw-fly on ash, 
 418. 
 
 2292. Riley, C. V. General truths in applied entomology. Essay. 
 
 <Trans. Ga. State Agric. Soc, 1884, v. — , pp. 153-159. Sepa- 
 rate: <Macon, Ga., 1884, t. p. cover, pp. 153-159. Re- 
 print : <Rept. [U. S.j Commissioner Agric. for 1884, pp. 323- 
 330. <Gardener's Chronicle, 1S85, v. 23 ; 20 June, pp. 785-786 ; 
 27 June, p. 818. S.-b. No. 61, p. 6 ; 10-11. See : <Ga. Crop 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 331 
 
 2292. Riley, C. V._Continued. 
 
 Kept., June, 1884, p. 33. <Sci. Anier. Siippl., 7 February, 
 1885, V. 11), p. 7588. S.-b. IS^o. 01, p. 12. 
 See No. 2-291 for eyuopsis of couteiite. 
 
 2293. R[iLEY], 0. V. Codlin moth. <Suppl. Encyclopanlia Britannica, 
 
 9tb ed., 1884, v. 2, p. 281, fij;. 
 Natural history, remedies, and ligures of Carpocapsa pomonella. 
 
 2294. E(iLEY], C. Y. Colorado potato-beetle. <Suppl. Encyclop.'edia 
 
 Britauuica, 9th ed., 1884, v. 2. p. 311, fig. 
 Summary of the eastward spread of Donjphora lO-Uncata ; natural history, 
 enemies, remedies, and figures of the same. 
 
 2295. R[iLEY], C. V. Cotton-worm. <Suppl. Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 
 nica, 9lh ed., 1884, v. 2, pp. 432-433, ftgs. 
 History, ravages, life-history, remedies, and figures of Jletia xylina. 
 
 2296. E[iLEY], C. V. Curculio, plum. <Suppl. Encyclopjedia Britan- 
 
 nica, 9th ed., 1884, v. 2, p. 494. 
 Natural history and means against Conotrachehis nenuphar. 
 
 2297. Riley, C. V. Insect named. <Daily Gate City [Keokuk, Iowa], 
 
 18 February, 1885. S.-b. No. 63, p. 31. 
 
 Brief notes of Olfersia americana. 
 
 2298. Riley, C. Y. A new remedy for the imported cabbajre worm. 
 
 <Rural New-Yorker, 28 February, 1885, v. 44, p. 132. S.-b. 
 No. 63, p. 50. See: <Colman's Rural World, 5 March, 1885, 
 V. 38, p. 76. S.-b. No. 63, p. 8. < Prairie Farmer, 7 March, 
 1885, V. 57, p. 153. S.-b. No. 61, p. 26. <Amer. Farmer, 1 
 April, 1885, v. 4, p. 105. S.-b. No. 67, p. 60. <Sci. An)er., 23 
 May, 1885, v. 52, ]). 322. S.-b. No. 61, p. 10. <Indiana Farmer, 
 30 May, 1885. S.-b. No. 61, p. 22. 
 Ice-cold water applied during the heat of the day causes the death of the 
 larva of Pieris rapce. 
 
 2299. Rlley, C. Y. The collection of insects in the National Museum. 
 
 <Science, 6 March, 1885, v. 5, pp. 188-189. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 7-8. 
 Answer to criticisms of C. H. Femald ; the insects in the National Museum 
 cared for by the entomologist of the Department of Agriculture. 
 
 2300. Riley, C.Y. Ants and aphides. <Rural New-Yorker, 14 March, 
 
 1885, V. 44, p. 171. S.-b. No. 61, p. 19. 
 Answer to inquiry of .7. McFarland; habits of ants in relation to plant-lice; 
 subterranean plant-lice attended by ants; ants in northern States benefi- 
 cial rather than injurious; ground can be cleared of them by injection of 
 bi.sulphide of carbon or a strong kerosene emulsion. 
 
 2301. Riley, C. Y. Parasites of the larva of Lachnosterna fusca. 
 
 <Psyche, 1884 [16 March, 1885], v. 4, p. 224. 
 Criticism of statements of O. Lugger; larval habits of Tiphia inornata and 
 Bhipiphorua sp. 
 
 2302. Riley, C. Y. Jumpiiij; spiders. <Rural New-Yorker, 11 April, 
 
 1885, V. 44, p. 250. S.-b. No. 63, p. 33. 
 Answer to inquiry of H. B. S. ; habits of Attus sp. 
 
332 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2303. EiLEY, 0. V. Circular Xo. 9 [TJ. S. Department of Agriculture, 
 
 Division of Eutomology]. <[Wasliington :] 1 May, 1885, 1 p., 
 fo., 1 fig. Eeprint : <Pacific Rural Press, 16 May, 1885. S.-b. 
 ISTo. 63, p. 27. <Weekly Times-Democrat fXew Orleans], 23 
 May, 1885. S.-b. No. 61, p. 23. <Rural Californian, June. 1885, 
 V. 80, p. 122. <S.-b. No. 61, pp. 20-21. <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 6 
 June, 1885, v. 19, p. 7859. S.-b. No. 63, pp. 25-26. <Pacific 
 Eural Press, 16 May, 1885, v. 29, p. 469. S.-b. No. 63, p. 27. 
 See : <Farmer's Review, 21 May, 1885, v. 14, p. 362. S.-b. No. 
 63, p. 29. N. Y. Weekly Sun, 27 May, 1885. S.-b. No. 63, p. 29. 
 N. Engl. Farmer, 16 May, 1885. S.-b. No. 63, p. 29. 
 Conditions under which the Government will buy silk-worm eggs ; how to 
 select moths to produce eggs. 
 
 2304. Riley, C. V. The imported elm-leaf beetle. Its habits and nat- 
 
 ural history and means of counteracting its injuries. <Bull. 
 No. 6, Div. Ent. TJ. S. Dept. Agric. [14 May], 1885, 20 pp., 1 pi., 
 Ifig. 
 
 Treats of Galeruca xanihomela'na ; its habits and natural history ; descrip- 
 tion, figures, remedies, and methods of applicatiou of insecticides. 
 
 2305. Riley, C. V. Destroying Cicadas: Scurfy apple bark-louse. 
 
 <Rural New-Yorker, 23 May, 1885, v. 44, p. 353. S.-b. No. 61, 
 p. 24. 
 
 Answer to inquiries of J. A. K.; means against Cicada [= TiMcen] septendecim 
 and Chionaspis furfur us. 
 
 2306. Riley, C. V. [Poisonous spider.] <Rural New-Yorker, 23 
 
 May, 1885, v. 44, p. 354. S.-b. No. 61, p. 23. 
 Reply to statements of Dr. W. H. G.; no spider known whose foot-tracks 
 kill leaves or trees. 
 
 2307. [Riley, C. V.] Expected advent of the locust. <Sci. Amer., 
 
 23 May, 1885, v. 52, p. 320. S.-b. No. 61, p. 9. <Farmer's 
 Home Journ., 13 June, 1885. S.-b. No. 63, p. 18. <Orange 
 Co. [N. Y.] Farmer, 28 May, ]885. S.-b. No. 63, p. 23. <See: 
 <Sci. Amer., 20 June, 1885, v. 52, p. 389. S.-b. No. 63, p. 28. 
 Simultaneous appearance of a 17-year {Cicada [^^= Tihiceii'] septendecim) and a 
 13-year ( C. [=; T. ] tredecivi) brood ; localities of the two broods ; life-history 
 and habits. 
 
 2308. Riley, C. V. Rust of orange. <Rural New-Yorker, 16 May, 
 
 1885, V. 44, p. 355, figs. 196, 197. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 18-19, figs. 
 196-197. Reprint: <Colman's Rural World, 18 June, 1885, 
 V. 38, p. 195, 2 figs. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 31-32, 2 figs. 
 Description, habits, and means against Fhytopius oleivorus ; figures the same 
 and its eggs ; figure of a rusty orange. 
 
 2309. [Riley, C. V.] Red-ants. <Sci. Amer., 21 May, 1885, v. 52, 
 
 p. 183. S.-b. No. 66, p. 35. 
 
 Recommends pyrethrum, kerosene, hot water, and naphthaline as means 
 against red-ants in houses. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 333 
 
 2310. [Riley, C. v.] Ridding the ground of cut-worms. <Rural New- 
 
 Yorker, 30 JMay, 1885, v. 44, p. 3G8. iS.-b. No. G3, p. 22. 
 
 Answer to iuquiry of V. R. R. ; means against the larvie of Jgrotidcc. 
 
 2311. [Riley, C. V.j An entomological breakfast. <N. Y. Times, 2 
 
 June, 1885. S.-b. No. 03, p. 1. See: <Belvidere [111.] Stand- 
 ard, 23 June, 1885. S.-b. No. 03, p. 7. 
 Cicadas and Acrididw as food. 
 
 2312. Riley, 0. V. The periodical or seventeen-year Cicada. <EIar- 
 
 per's Weekly, June, 1885, v. 29, p. 303, 4 tigs. S.-b. No. 01, 
 pp. 24-20, 4 figs. 
 Records and map showing distribution of brood XXII (septendccim) and of 
 brood VII (tredecim); habits, enemies, and tigures, with details of (structure 
 of Cicada [= Tibicoi^ septendedm; figure of twig punctured by the same 
 and of twig healed after the puncture. 
 
 2313. [Riley, C. V.j The winged pests of the West. <St. Louis 
 
 Globe-Democrat, 9 June, 1885. S.-b. No. 01, p. 11. 
 
 Prediction that the northern States of the Mississippi Valley will escape se- 
 rious damage from locusts this year ; reasons for this opinion; ravages of 
 Camnula pellucida in California. 
 
 2314. Eiley, C.V. The periodical or seventeen year Cicada. <Amer. 
 
 Grange Bulletin, 11 June, 1885. S.-b. No. 03, pp. 10-17. 
 Chronological record, natural history, and po])ular names of Cicada [= Tibi- 
 eenl septendedm. 
 
 2315. Riley, C. V. The periodical Cicada. An account of Cicada 
 
 septendedm and its tredecim race, with a chronology of all broods 
 known. <Bull. No. 8, D=v. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric, [17 June], 
 1885, 40 pp., 8 tigs. Second edition, 13 July, 1885. 
 2310. Riley, C. V. Notes on joint worms. <Rural New-Yorker, 20 
 June, 1885, v. 44, p. 418, tigs. 215-218. 
 Habits, means against, aud ligure of Isoaoma hordei ; criticism of A. J, Cook's 
 views on Isosoma; figures /. tritici and /. (jrande. 
 
 2317. Riley, C. Y. Beetles in the corn-fields. <Daily Gate City 
 
 [Keokuk, Iowa], 23 June, 1885. S.-V). No. 01, p. 17. 
 
 Answer to letters of J. M. Evans and J. M. Schalier; A;io)wdtrun pallipca in- 
 jurious to seed corn; recommends soaking the seed corn in Paris green or 
 London purple. 
 
 2318. Riley, C. V. Notes on the periodical Cicada. <Science, 20 June, 
 
 1885, V. 5, pp. 518-521. Reprint : <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 27 June, 
 1885, V.19, pp. 7905-7900. S.-br. No. 01, pp. 47, 48 ; No. 03, p. 74. 
 Record showing distribution of brood XXII (iteptendecim) and of brood VII 
 (tredecim) in 1«85 ; the specilic value of the dillerent forms; long period of 
 underground development; its life-history ; food of the larva, methods of 
 burrowing, and transformations; the Cicada versus civilization. 
 
 2319. RiLEY, C. V. The Chester onion pest. <Orange County [N. Y.j 
 
 Farmer, 2 Jidy, 1885. S.-b. No. 01, pp. 1-2. See: <Rural New 
 Yorker, 5 December, 1885, v. 44, p. 829. S.-b. No. 01, p. 151. 
 
 Extract from Rept. U.S. Ent. forld84; remedies againstcabbage cut-worms; 
 the poisoned ball system and kerosene emulsion effective against the onion 
 cut-worm; formula for a soap-kerosene emulsion. 
 
334 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2320. EiLBY, C. V. Premature appearance of the periodical Cicada. 
 
 <Science, 3 July, 1885, v. 6, pp. 3-4. 
 Criticism of L. F. "Ward's record of tlie occurreuce and son? of Cicada 
 \_=zz Tibicen'\ septendecim. See No. 23 J6. 
 
 2321. EiLEY, C. V. Periodical Cicada in Massachusetts. <Science, 3 
 
 July, 1885, V. 6, p. 4. 
 The occurrence of Cicada [=Ti6icew] septendecim in southeastern Massachu- 
 setts needs confirmation. 
 
 2322. EiLEY, C. V. Destructive insects of the year. <Rural New- 
 
 Yorker, 11 July, 1885, v. 44, p. 464. S.-b. No. 61, p. 8. 
 Injuries and means against Agrotis malefida, Anthonomus musculus and Eury- 
 creon rantaUs ; localities and food-plants of the last. 
 
 2323. [Riley, C. V.] [Grasshopper ravages in California.] <Rural 
 
 New-Yorker, 11 July, 1885, v. 44, p. 470. S.-b. No. 61, p. 2. 
 Ravages committed by MelanopJus [= Calojitenns'] devastator and Caloptenua 
 differ entialis; recommends the use of coal oil pans against them. 
 
 2324. Riley, C. V. Pests of the strawberry. <Rural New-Yorker, 18 
 
 July, 1885, V. 44, p. 484. S.-b. No. 61, p. 17. 
 
 Answer to inquiry of J. H. J. ; means against Agrotis tricosa, Phoxopteris 
 fragariw, Eccopsis permundana and Emphytus \^=^ Harpliiphoru8'\ maculatua. 
 
 2325. Riley, C. V. The imported elm-leaf beetle. <Harper's Weekly, 
 
 18 July, 1885, v. 29, p. 463, 1 fig. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 21-22, fig. 
 Natural-history descriptions and figures of all stages of Galeruca xanthomelcBna ; 
 means against the same. 
 
 2326. Riley, C. V. Premature appearance of the periodical Cicada. 
 
 <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 15 August, 1885, v. 20, p. 8021. 
 Criticism of L. F. Ward's record of the occurrence and song of Cicada 
 [= TibiGen'\ septendecim; an introductory note states that this article was ■ 
 prepared for Science, but that it appeared in that journal in a mutilated 
 and weakened form. See No. 2320. 
 
 2327. Riley, C. V. The cyclone nozzle. <Rural New-Yorker, 22 Au- 
 
 gust, 1885, V. 44, p. 507. S.-b. No. 61, p. 34. 
 Facts relative to the invention of the cyclone nozzle. 
 
 2328. Riley, C. V. A new remedy against destructive locusts. <Ru- 
 
 ral New-Yorker, 29 August, 1885, v. 44, p. 577. S.-b. No. 61, 
 p. 33. 
 
 Recommends the use of poisoned bait ; formula of the same. 
 
 2329. Riley, C. V. The influence of climate on Cicada septendecim. 
 
 <Eutom, Amer., August, 1885, v. 1, p. 91. 
 Records the transfers of eggs of brood XXII (septendecim) of Tibicen septendecim 
 to the extreme southern States where no .septendecim brood is known to oc 
 cur, and of brood VII {tredecim) to northern States where no tredecimhrood 
 is known to occur. 
 
 2330. Riley, C. V. Department of insects. <Ann. Rept. of Regents 
 
 Smith. Inst, for 1883, 1885, pp. 239-244. 
 Brief mention of work accomplished in the U. S. National Museum ; list of 
 i accessions to the collection. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 335 
 
 2331. Riley, C. V. Insects of tlie year. < Prairie Farmer, 3 Septem- 
 
 ber, 1885, V. 57, p. 5G7. S.-b. No. G.}, i). 37; 134. See: <Eu- 
 tom. Amer., December, 1885, v. 1, ])p. 170-177. 
 
 Ravages of Agrotis mexKoria, Atithonoiniis iniaiculuK, Kurycreon ranUtliii, Cecido- 
 myia deiitritctor,auA Acrididir on the Pacitic coast. 
 
 2332. Riley, C. V. On the parasites of the Hessiau fly. <Proc. U. 
 
 S. Nat. Mils., 14-17 September, 1885, v. 8, i)p. 413-422, pi. 23. 
 Abstract: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1885, [August], 
 188G, V. 34, pp. 332-334. <Amer. Nat., November, 1885, v. 19, 
 pp. 1104-1105. 
 Description, synonymy, habits, and figures of Meriaus destructor (Say); M. 
 subaptenis n. sp. [p. 416, pi. 23, f . 2 : p. 33:J1 ; Eupehuus aUynii French ; Te- 
 ira8(ichu>< prodnctus n. sp. [p. 419, pi. 23, f. 5: p. 333]; and Plutyyanter 
 herrkkii Packard. 
 
 2333. Riley, C. V. Euemiesof the black-walnut and willow. <Rural 
 
 New-Yorker, 19 September, 1885, v. 44, p. 632. S.-b. No. Gl, 
 p. 35. 
 
 Habits, description of e>fgs, larva, and adult of Dafana mutisfra; description 
 of eggs, larva, and adult of Cimbex antericana ; means against both species. 
 
 2334. RiLEY, C. V. The song-notes of the periodical Cicada. <Sci- 
 
 ence, 25 September, 1885, v. 6, pi>. 2G4-2G5. Reprint, with ad- 
 ditions : <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1885, [August], 1886, 
 V. 34, pp. 330-332. Translation : <Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1886, jahrg. 
 47, pp. 158-160. See: <Science, 11 September, 1885, v. 6, p. 
 225. <Kansas City Review, October, 1885, p. 171. 
 
 Description of the three prevalent notes of Cicada [=: Tibicen'\ septendecim. 
 
 2335. Riley, C. V. The probabilities of locust or "grasshopper*' in- 
 
 jury in the near future, and a new method of counteracting 
 their injury. <Colman's Rural World, 29 October, 1885, v. 38, 
 p. 348. S.-b. No. 63, pp. 32-33. Reprint : <Proc. Amer. Assoc. 
 Adv. Sci. for 1885, [August], 1886, v. 34, pp. 519-520. <Proc. 
 6th Meeting Soc. Prom, of Agric. Sci., Manhattan, Kans., 1886, 
 pp. 38-39. See : <Mich. Christian Ilerald, 3 September, 1885. 
 S.-b. No. 63, p. 39. <Amer. Grange Bull., 5 November, 1885. 
 S.-b. No. 63, p. 34. <Prairie Farmer, 10 October, 1885, v. 57, 
 p. G69. S.-b. No. 61, pj). 34-35. 
 The advance of stittleiiunit and cultivation will prevent such widespread in- 
 juries of Caloptenus apietus as occurred between 1S74 and 1877; use of 
 poisoned baits. 
 
 2336. RiLEY, C. V. The present status and' future prosi>ects of silk- 
 
 culture in the United States. <Entom, Amer., October, 1885, 
 V. 1, pp. 139-140. Reprint: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 
 for 1885, [August], 1886, v. 34, j). 516. See: <Science, 11 Sep- 
 tember, 1885, V. 6, p. 236. 
 Abstract; headings under which the subject is discussed ; summary of con- 
 clusions. 
 
336 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2337. Riley, C. V. The grain moth. <Eural New-Yorker, 7 Ifoveiii- 
 
 ber, 1885, v. 44, p. 744. S.-b. No. 63, p. 56. 
 
 Habits, descriptions, ravages, and means against Asopia farindlis. 
 
 2338. [EiLEY, C. v.] Profits of silk-culture. <Rural New-Yorker, 26 
 
 " December, 1885, v. 44, p. 885. S.-b. No. 63, pp. 50-51. 
 Answer to inquiry of J. M. S. ; actual cost of producing silJi in different parts 
 of the United States. 
 
 2339. EiLEY, C. V. Aletia xylina vs. A. argillacea. <Entom. Amer., 
 
 December, 1885, v. 1, pp. 161-163. 
 
 Reasons for considering Aletia xylina the correct name for the cotton-worm; 
 advance print from No. 2343. 
 
 2340. [Riley, C. V.) [Euphanessa mendica, etc.] <Entom. Amer., De- 
 
 cember, 1885, V. 1, pp. 170-171, 173, 176. 
 Remarks on papers read at the A. A. A. S. ; Euphanessa mendica considered a 
 geonietrid ; some characters of the Lepidoptera; lifo-habits of ^gieridcE. 
 
 2341. Riley, C. V. On the hitherto unknown mode of ov iposition in 
 
 the CarabidcB. Abstract;: <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 
 1884, 1885, V. 33, pp. 538-539. 
 History of Chalwniiis impunctiftons traced from egg to imago ; eggs laid singly 
 on leaves of trees inclosed in mud or clay. 
 
 2342. Riley, C. V. [Report of the Edinburgh International Forestry 
 
 Exhibition.] <Rept. U. S. Dept. Agric. for 1884, 1885, pp. 167- 
 179. 
 Brief mention of some of the insect collections exhibited. 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V. Fourth report of the United States Entomological, 
 
 Commission, being a revised edition of Bulletin No. 3, and the 
 final report ou the cotton-worm, together with a chapter on the 
 boll- worm, with maps and illustrations. < Washington: 1885, 
 [3 February, 1886], pp. 38+399+147, 45 figs., 64 pi., 2 maps. 
 
 Letter of submittal xvii 
 
 Preface xix 
 
 Introduction xxiii 
 
 Chapter I: 
 
 Classification and nomenclature. Destructiveuess 1 
 
 Popular and scientific names, I — Most desirable popular name, 1 — 
 Different technical names, 1 — History of these names, 1 — The 
 name Aletia xijlina the correct one, 1 — Synonomy of the insect, 
 2 — Classificatory position, 2 — Importance of the family Noctui- 
 dsB, 2 — Destructiveuess of the worm, 2 — Causes which increase 
 this destructiveness, 2 — Regions where losses are greatest, 2 ; 
 and least, 3 — Tabular statement of losses, 3 — Previous state- 
 ments, 3 — Statement of loss in 1881, 4, 
 Chapter II: 
 
 Characters, habits, and natural history 5 
 
 Distinct states'of growth, 5 — The worm must hatch from an egg, 
 5 — Description of egg, 5 — Where the egg is laid, 5 — Number of 
 eggs to a leaf, 6 — Time elapsing before hatching, 6 — Unhatched 
 eggs perish when frozen, 6 — Insects' and other eggs mistaken for 
 eggs of Aletia, 6 — Characters of worm, 6 — Description of newly- 
 hatched worm, 6 — Number of molts, 7 — Different colors of worm. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 337 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 Chapter II— Continued. 
 
 7— Habits of worm at diflferent stages, 7— Jumping habit, 7— 
 Only known to feed on cotton and one anotber. 8— Odor of the 
 worm, 8— Migrations of worm, 8— Method of pupation, 8— 
 Formation of cocoon, 6— The worm never burrows in the ground, 
 8— Distinctive characters of the chrysalis, 9— Duration of chrys- 
 alis state, 9— Distinctive characters of the moth, 9— Sexual dif- 
 ferences in the moths, 9— Different habits of the moths at night 
 and by day, 10— Their strong flight, 10— Their position at rest, 
 10— How soon the female begins to lay, 10— Her prolilicacy, 10— 
 Food of the moth, 10— It injures fruits, 11— Structure of the 
 tongue, 11 — Mention of other Xoctuida; which injure fruits, 11 — 
 Time elapsing from one generation to another, 11— This will 
 average about one month, 12 — Time of year when the first 
 worms appear, 12 — Former opinions erroneous, 12— Dates of 
 earliest appearance variable, 12— Worms of all sizes found in 
 Florida and southern Georgia in the latter part of March, 12— 
 First worms always few and scattered, 12— They multiply and 
 spread irregularly, 12— Their progress governed by the season 
 and latitude, 13— The third generation often called the first, 13— 
 Number of annual generations, 13 — There are at least seven in 
 southern Texas, 13 — Gradual progress and succession of broods, 
 14 — The second generation exceptionally very injurious, 14 — 
 Why not usually so, 14— Extent of migratory flights of the 
 moths, 15 — Probable existence of northern food-plants, 15 — 
 Causes and seasons of migration, 15 — Behavior of migrating 
 moths, 15 — The question of hibernation, 15 — Different former 
 opinions and beliefs concerning hibernation, 16 — Discussion of 
 these opinions, 16 — The chrysalides are killed by a temperature 
 below 22*^ F., 16 — Parasited chrysalides can bear greater cold, 
 16 — Fallacy of the belief that the chrysalis winters under- 
 ground, 16 — Ease with which erroneous conclusions can be 
 drawn from mistaken identity, 17 — The chrysalis of Axpila vi- 
 rescens mistaken for that of the Alefia, 17 — Chrysalides of 
 other cotton larv;e found underground in abundance, 17 — The 
 chrysalis of Aletia killed by burial, 17 — Ability of the moth to 
 survive the winter, 18 — Unreliability of most testimony as to 
 the hibernation of the moth, 18 — Other moths easily mistaken 
 for it, 18 — Hijpena scabralis, 18 — Phoberia atomaris, 19 — Lciicania 
 unipitncta, 19 — Absence of testimony to the survival of the moths 
 beyond March, 19 — Theory of annual introduction of the species 
 from some southern foreign country, 19 — Statement and discus- 
 sion of Grote's arguments and of others in support of this theory, 
 20 — Arguments in favor of the hibernation of the moth, 21 — 
 Both immigration and hibernation may occur, 21 — Summary of 
 the evidence, 22 — Aletia hibernates only as a moth and only in 
 the extreme south, especially in Texas, 22. 
 Chaptek III: 
 
 Past history of the cotton-worm in the United States 23 
 
 From 1793 to 1825, 23— Fron 1826 to 1846, 24— From 1847 to 1666, 
 25— From 1807 to 1869, 2(i— From 1869 to 1872, 27— In 1872 and 
 1873, 28— In 1873 and 1874, 29— In 1875 and 1-76, 30— In 1877 and 
 1878, 31— In 1879 and 1880, 32— In 1880 and 18ol, 33— History of 
 remedies, 34 — Hand-picking and poultry, 34— Fires, 35— Other 
 
 22 ENT 
 
338 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. Y.— Continued. 
 Chapter III — Continued. 
 
 remedies, 35,36 — Arsenic, 36 — Paris green, 36-38 — Planting jute, 
 38 — Machinery, 38 — London purple, 38— Pyrethrum, 38. 
 Chapter IV: 
 
 The cottou-worm in other countries -...-.. 39 
 
 Geographical distribution of Jletia xylina, 39 — Other insects injuri- 
 ous to cotton in the Eastern Hemisphere, 39 — Occurrence of Alttia 
 xylina on the Pacific coast of Mexico, 39-40 — On the Gulf coast of 
 Mexico, 40-41 — In Yucatan, 41 — In the West Indies, 42 — In the 
 northern countries of South America, 42-43 — In Brazil, 43-44. 
 Chapter V : 
 
 On the ansitomj o{ Ahtia. By Edward Burgess and C. S. Minot 45 
 
 Circumstances under which this chapter was prepared, 45 — Exter- 
 I nal anatomy of larva, 45 — True legs, 45 — Prolegs, 46 — Colored 
 markings, 46 — Stigmata, 46 — Internal anatomy of larva, 47 — 
 Head, 47 — Ganglia, 47 — Digestive canal, 47 — Malpighian vessels, 
 47 — Salivary glands, 47 — Dorsal vessel, 47 — Stomach, 48— Exter- 
 nal anatomy of imago, 48 — Method of preparing the exosiieleton 
 for examination, 48— Head and appendages, 48— Prothorax, 48, 
 49 — Mesothorax, 49 — Metathorax, 49, 50 — Supposed organ of 
 hearing, 50 — Abdomen, 50-51— Spiracles, 51 — Legs, 51 — Scales, 
 51-52. — Scale-pores, 52 — Proboscis, 52 — Spines, 53 — Internal anato- 
 my of imago, 53 — Digestive canal, 53 — Pharynx, 53-54 — Salivary 
 glands, 54 — (Esophagus, 54 — Food reservoir, 54-55 — Stomach, 55 — 
 Malpighian vessels, 55 — Intestines, 55 — Aorta, 55 — Nervous sys- 
 tem, 55 — Ganglia, 55 — Terminal body segments and organs of re- 
 prouuction, 56 — Brush-sac, 56 — Male organs of reproduction, 56 — 
 Testes, 57 — Vasa deferentia, 57 — Penis, 57 — Female organs of re- 
 production, 57— Ovaries, 57— Sebaceous glands, 57— Vagina, 58 — 
 Copulatory pouch, 58 — Terminal abdominal segments of the 
 female, 58. * 
 
 Chapter VI : 
 The cotton belt. By Prof. E. A. Smith 59 
 
 A. General features of the cotton States 59 
 
 Eegion included in the cotton belt, 59 — Climate, 59— Winds, 59— 
 Rainfall, 59-61— Temperature, 61-62— Geological sketch, 62-63— 
 Topography,63-64— Soils, 64-65— Agricultural subdiA'isions, 65— 
 Regions of forest growth, 66-67. 
 
 B. Description of the agricultural subdivisions 67 
 
 The alluvial region, 67-68— The lower prairie region, 68-69— The 
 long-leaf pine region, 69-71— The oak uplands region, 72-73— The 
 upper prairie region, 73-7.5— The red and brown loam region, 75- 
 
 77 — The sandy and siliceous lands of the older formations, 77-79- 
 Tbe gneissic region, 79-80. 
 Chapter VII: 
 
 Terrestrial and meteorological influences affecting the worm 81 
 
 Condition of soil and plant connected with the appearance of the 
 first worms, 81 — The earliest worms are confined to the "low 
 lands," 81; and to luxuriant plants, 82; and to the vicinity of 
 winter shelters, 82; and to the same localities, 82 — Influence of 
 wet weather on the development of the worms, 83 — Severe rains 
 with gales destroy both worms and crop, 83 — Late cold rains do 
 the same, 84 — Frequent summer rains favor the development of 
 the worms, 84— Hot, dry weather destructive to them, 84— Artifi- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY, 339 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V.— Coptiuued. 
 
 Chapter VII — Continued. 
 
 cial drought produces the same effect, 84 — Indirect influences ot 
 wet weather in favoring the dovelopuiont of the worms, 85 — Im- 
 munity of the worms from their enemies in wet weather, b5 — 
 Drowning of ants liy heavy showers, 85 — Wet weather prevents 
 poisoning and working the cotton, 85 — Letter from J. W. Du Bose 
 on the influence of winds on Alctia, 8b-86. 
 
 Chapter VIII : 
 
 Natural enemies 87 
 
 General remarks, 87 — Importance lessened by the use of arsenical 
 poisons, 87 — Vertebrate enemies. 87 — Quadrupeds, 87 — liirds, 87 — 
 English sparrow, 88 — Toads and lizards, 89— Invertebrates, 89— 
 Spiders, 89— Ants, 90— Species of ants destroying Aldia, 90— 
 Hubbard's observations on ants, 92— The leaf-cutting ant, 94— 
 Wasps, 94— Coleoptera, 95 — Tiger-beetles, 95— Ground-beetles, 
 95— Lady-birds, 96- Soldier-beetles, 90— Ileteroptera, 97— List of 
 species, 97— Diptera, 99— Orthoptera, 99— Neuroptera, 100— Lepi- 
 doptera, 100— Parasites, 101— List of species, 101— Tlie Tricho- 
 granima egg-parasite, 10'2 — The cottou-worni Microgaster, 104- - 
 Comstock's Euplectrus, 105 — Elachisiua euplectri, a secondary 
 parasite, 106 — The common flesh-fly, 107 — Cyrtoneura slabulans, 
 108— Is it parasitic ?, 108— Tachina-flies, 109— Their habits, 109— 
 The watchful Pimpla, 111— The ring-legged Pimpla, U^^ — fri/j}- 
 tus nundus, 113 — The ovate Chalcis, 114 — The devouring Tetra- 
 stichus, 115 — Species that are easily niistakeu for parasites of 
 Aletia, 115 — Hexaplasta zigsag, 115 — Phora aletiw, 116. 
 
 Chapter IX: 
 
 Preventive measures 120 
 
 Mode of cultivation, 1*20 — Improving cottou seed, 120 — Forcing the 
 young plants, 120 — Transplanting from hot-beds, 120 — Objec- 
 tions, 121 — Frequent cultivation, 121 — Topping the cotton, 121 — 
 Fertilizers, 121 — Sulphuric acid on seeds, 121 — Late planting, 
 121 — "Worm-proof cotton," 121 — Diversified agriculture, 122 — 
 Rotation of crops, 122 — Jute as a protection, 122 — Other sup- 
 posed protective plants, 123 — Protection oi natural enemies, 123 
 ^Immunity of cotton under trees, 124— Preventing oviposition 
 of the moth, 124— Futility of decoctions for this purpose, 125 — 
 Road dust, 125 — Early application of direct remedies, 126 — Con- 
 certed action, 126 — Early poisoning and hand-picking, 12() — 
 Cotton-worm warnings, 127 — Destroying chrysalides accidentally 
 carried into gin-houses, 127 — False theories, 127 — Burning the 
 stalks, 127 — Winter plowing, 127 — Salt, 127. 
 
 Chapter X : 
 Remedies ; means of coping with the insect ; substances used for its 
 
 destruction ^'■^ 
 
 Destruction of the eggs, chrysalides, and moths, 128— Destruction 
 of the eggs impracticable, 128 — Little chance for successful de- 
 struction of the chrysalides, 128 — Destruction of the moth, 129 — 
 Lights and fires for attracting the moths, 129— IndilVerent suc- 
 cess with lamps tised at Columbus, Tex., 130— Importance of using 
 lamps early in the season, 130— Appareut success with lamps near 
 Hearne, Tex., 131— Great attractiveness of tlie electric light, 131— 
 Movable lights. 131— Poisoned sweets and fluids, 131— Foodnesa 
 of the moths for ripe fruit, 132— Killing moths by poisoaed fruit, 
 
340 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter X — Continued. 
 
 132 — Method of using poisoned liquids, 132 — No results from using 
 poisoned baits late in summer, 133 — Poisoning the glands of the 
 . " plant, 133 — Cotton-leaf essence and its attraction to the moth, 
 
 134 — Hand-picking, 135 — Mechanical means of killing the worms, 
 136 — Shaking off the worms, 136 — Poisoning the worms, 136 — 
 Progress in the use of insecticides, 137 — Classification of insecti- 
 cides, 137 — Importance of preparing materials in advance, 138 — 
 Arsenical compounds, 138 — Safety in their use, 138 — Difficulty in 
 determining minimum quantities, 139 — Overdoses of poisons, 139 
 — General rules in dry applications, 140 — Mixing devices, 141 — 
 Ingredients, 141 — Wet application, 142 — Principles to be followed 
 and ingredients to be used, 142 — Comparison of dry and wet ap- 
 plications, 142 — Paris green, 143 — Historical data, 143 — Liquid 
 application, 143 — Dry application, 144 — Minimum quantities, 144 
 — Patents on Paris-green combinations, 146 — Arsenic, 147 — Com- 
 mercial arsenic, 147 — Arseniate of soda, 147 — Fowler's solution, 
 148 — Johnson's dead-shot, 148 — Texas cotton-worm destroyer, 149 
 — London purple, 149 — Manufacture aud analysis, 149 — History 
 of its use, 150 — Experience in Alabama in 1880, 150 — Advantages 
 and disadvantages, 151 — Dry application, 151 — Wefapplication, 
 152 — Other mineral substauces, 153 — Salt and saltpeter, 1-53 — Sul- 
 phur, 154 — Red lead, 154 — Road dust, 154 — Oils aud allied sub- 
 stances, 155 — Kerosene, 155 — Former methods of application, 155 
 — Invention and perfection of emulsions, 156 — Method of prepar- 
 ing emulsions, 157 — Formula for perfected emulsion, 158 — Experi- 
 ments with imperfect emulsion in 1880, 158 — Experiments with 
 perfected emulsions, 160 — Oil of creosote, 162 — Oil of tar, 162— 
 Gas-tar water, 162 — Carbolic acid, 163 — Cotton-seed oil, 163 — 
 Vegetable insecticides, 164 — Pyrethrum, 164 — History, 164 — Mode 
 of cultivation, 165 — Success in cultivating the plant in America, 
 166 — Preparation of the powder, 167 — Its use as an insecticide, 
 168 — Advantages and disadvantages, 168 — Active principle in 
 Pyrethrum, 169 — Its effects on cotton-worms, 169 — Imported vs. 
 Calif ornian powder, 170 — Dry application, 170 — Minimum quan- 
 « titles of dry powder, 171 — Dry powder mixed with flour and other 
 Ingredients, 172 — Application in fumes, 174 — Alcoholic extract, 
 174 — Experiments with extract obtained by distillation, 174 — 
 Experience with extract obtained by repercolation, 176 — Use of 
 the powder in slmiile water solution, 177 — Tea or decoction of 
 Pyrethrum, 178 — Effect of Pyrethrum upon other insects, 179 — 
 Prospects for the use of Pyrethrum for the cotton-worm, 180 — 
 Ox-eye daisy powder and its uselessness as an insecticide, 180 — 
 Extracts and decoctions from various plants, 181 — Difficulties in 
 the way of discovering new vegetable lusecticides, 182 — Mode of 
 preparing the extracts and diffusions, 183 — List of the plants ex- 
 perimented with, 184 — Effect of alcohol upon the worms, 187 — 
 Yeast ferment and fungus infection, 188 — Dr. Hagen's recommen- 
 dations of the use of yeast as an insectici&e, 188 — Objections to 
 Dr. Hagen's plan, 189 — Negative results obtained by the Com- 
 mission, 190. 
 Chapter XI : 
 Machinery and devices for the destruction of the worm. By W. S. 
 
 Barnard, Ph. D 191 
 
BIBLIOGKAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 341 
 
 2343. Riley, 0. V.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter XI — Continued. 
 
 I. Spray nozzles, classification, preferred kinds, lUl — Many-punct- 
 ured nozzles, 191-196 — Preferred construction, 191-19:$ — StniiuiuK 
 and cleaning vs. clogging, 192 — Eddj-roses, their operation, con- 
 struction, and leading importance, 192-193 — Plug-roses, action 
 and construction unsatisfactory, 193-194 — Johnson's, Melchor'a, 
 Dawson's, Foster's, 193 — Lynch's, 194 — Colliding jets, gas-jets, 
 superiority, Daughtroy's, Webei-'s, Prouty's, 194 — T-roses, 194 — 
 Yeager's, Warner's, improvements, 195 — Divided rose-heads, 
 clutch-head of Mast, Foos & Co., Foss', Fox's, Barrows', Vose's, 
 195 — Peripheral roses [divided], Melcher's, Yeager's, Kuhmann's, 
 196— Rose-combinations of Barry, Prentice, etc., 196 — Slot nozzles, 
 196-205— Operation, 196— Preferred construction, 196-201— Dis- 
 advantages, improvements made, 197-201 — Eddy-chambered, 197- 
 199 — Lip construction, 198-199— Inside cleaner, 199— Simple slot- 
 nozzles. Fowler's, Mallory's, Iske's, 201-202— Ping slot-nozzles, 
 Allen's, Ruhniann's, Johnson's, ''The Niagara," Pinter's, 202 — Re- 
 movable slots of Long, Vestal, and Merigot, 203 — Jawed slots, 
 "The Boss Nozzle," Raymond's and Porkin's, Smith's, Mofifet's, 
 203— Williams', Ruhmann's, Pinter's, 204— Stanton's, 205— Side 
 slots, Schier's, Melcher's, 20o— Deflector nozzles, 20(>-211— Defini- 
 tion, use, applicability, relative merits, 206— Drip-waste, clog- 
 ging, 206— Simple constructions made, 206-208 — Conformations 
 for narrow, wide, and even sprays, 206-207 — Removable deflect- 
 ors, 207— Hollings', Douglas's, Nickerson's, 208— Haydeu's, Kil- 
 lam's, Lewis', Schier's, Barrett's, 209— Ruhmann's, Binkley'e, 
 Schier's compound. 210— Schier's and Polansky's, 211 — Centri- 
 fugal nozzles, 211-221— Operation, kinds, choice, 211— The now 
 and most perfect sprayers, 212— Eddy-chambered, 212-219— Con- 
 formation and operation, 212— Clogging, cleaning, constrnction 
 principles, 213--Forms described, 214— Whistle-jels, 215-216 — For 
 blast-atomizers, 216— Eddy-jets proper, 216-219— Involute form, 
 cone form, 216 — Convex and concave forms, 217 — Direct dis- 
 charge, proximal diagonal discharge, 217— I>istal diagonal dis- 
 charge, 218— Centrifugal nose-pieces, donble-cone or double- 
 chambered form, and chambered plug form, 218— Direct i^ray 
 and solid jet, 2\Q—Fi8tul(tr spray nozzles, hosepipes, 219— With 
 rotary segment, Hotz's, Clifi^ord's, Gielow's, Johnson's, Hoyer'a, 
 Clarke's, 220— With cross-plug, McGafley's, Johnson's, Gray's, 
 Gielow's, Hosford's, 221— Spray-wheels, 221. 
 
 II, Centrifugal throwers, 221-226— Their character and operation, 
 
 221 Rotated orifices, jironged reels, brush poison-throwers, 222— , 
 
 Brush fibers, 222-223— Rotary polishing brushes, imi)roved con- 
 struction, fiber strength, spring and density, 223— Feeding the 
 brushes with liquid, 223-22,5— With powder, 224— A simple brush 
 thrower of powder, 224-22.5— Advantages over-sifters, velocity of 
 rotation, 22.5— WisewoU's, 225-226— Whisps and brooms, rotated 
 recesses, 226. 
 
 III. Blowers of poison, 226-252— i?o/rtry blowers, 226-235— Kinds and 
 success of, 226-227— For blowing powder, 227-232— Hoppers and 
 adjustable feeders, 227-228— Blower encasements and blast-pipes, 
 228-229— Blast forks and dellectors,"229— Improved light rotary 
 blowers, 229-230— Hauled blowers, compound rotary blower, A- 
 frame and legged swivel wheels, 230— Rotary velocity, 231— 
 
342 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter XI — Continued. 
 
 Hurcl's rotary powder blovrer, 231-232 — For hlowing liquids, 232- 
 235 — Improved feeders of liquid to rotary blower, 232-233 — Drip- 
 catcher, forlied blast spray, 233 — Darnell's rotary liquid-blower, 
 233-234— Hurd's ditto, and Perl's rotary fume-blower, 234— 
 Force-blast rotary blowers — Oscillating blowers, 235-251 — Bellows 
 power, construction, durability, improvements, 235-236 — For 
 blowing powders, 236-243— Hermetic powder-box, 236 — Feeders of 
 powder to blasts, 236-237 — Pipes, forks, and nozzles for theae 
 powder blasts, 237-238 — Hauled compound bellows powderer, to 
 wagon, with motor, etc., 238 — Cultivator bellows-blower, 238- 
 239 — Knapsack and horse-back bellows powderers, 239 — Im- 
 proved small hand-bellows powderers, 239-241 — With forks, 
 241 — Allen's powderer, 241 — Common powder bellows, Wooda- 
 son's, Hendley's improved, 242 — Stelle's, etc., 243 — For Mowing 
 fluids, 243-249 — Importance, resuction, feeding by blast-suction, 
 blast-pressure, gravitation, gauges, 243-244 — Blast spray con- 
 ductors and nozzles, reverberatory, 244 — Whistle-jets and agita- 
 tion chambers, 245 — Common blast atomizers, 245 — Improved 
 automatic-feeding blast sprayers, 246-249 — Reatomizing, rever- 
 beratory nozzles, 247 — Xether blast sprays, directing pipes and 
 nozzles, 248 — Compound combinations, 249 — Peck's blast sprayer, 
 and Wallace's, 249 — Reciprocating or pistoned blowers, 249-251 — 
 Improved air-pump apparatus, 249-250 — Air-pumps of Humphry- 
 ville, Rumsey, etc., 251 — Generator blowers, 251-252 — Steinmann's 
 vaporizer, 251. 
 
 Cha-PTEr XII : 
 Machinery and devices for the destruction of the worm — continoed. 253 
 , IV. Pneumatic compression squirters, 253-261 — Kinds, advantages, 
 available fire-extinguishers, 253-254 — Carbonic anhydride, appa- 
 ratus, practicability, 255 — Danger, antidotes, safety construc- 
 tions, 255-256 — Simple generators, 257 — llotarij force-blast, com- 
 pression ejectors, 257 — Oscillating bellows, pneumatic compression 
 ejectors, 2o7 — Reciprocating or pistoned ditto, 258-261 — Simple kind 
 to construct, beer forcers applicable, Worswick Co.'s, Weindel's, 
 Eumsey's, Douglas's, 258 — Daughtrey's underspray theory and 
 machine, 258-261 — The author's devices, 259 — Weber's nozzles, 
 260. 
 V. Solid compression squirters of poison, 261-283 — Kinds, 261 — 
 Rotary force-pumps, 261-262 — Hydraulic bellows, 262 — Oscillating 
 force-pumps, 262 — Reciprocating force-pumps, 262-283 — Kinds, 262 — 
 Eydronettes and fountain jjuhjjjs, 262-269 — May's patent, Tyler's, 
 Servants', Staples', Whitman's fountain pump, 263 — Hydro- 
 nettes, double-acting, Deakin's, Rumsey's, cost, 264 — Author's im- 
 provements in knapsack apparatus, 264-265— In knapsack fire- 
 extinguishers, Condict's and Doty's, 265— In horseback appara- 
 tus, Warner's, author's, 265 — In cart or wagon, 265-268 — Cala- 
 han's carts, legged wheels, tongue or shafts, 266 — Wagon use, 
 Trelease's report, 266-268 — More economic devices, 268 — Othei 
 pumps not in trade, 268-269 — Aquapults, aquajects, aquarius, ex- 
 celsior, hydropttH, 2()9-271 — Operation, cost, 269 — Aquapult, John- 
 son's patents, Douglas', Prouty's, 269-270 — Johnson's syringe, 
 Douglas' aquarius, Rumsey's aquaject, 270 — Deakin's ex- 
 celsior, Vose's hydropult, 271 — Bucket pumps and knapsack 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 343 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. v.— Con tinned. 
 Chapter XII— Continueil. 
 
 punn)s, 271-374— Lewis's, 271— Korth's and less desirable kinds, 
 Stoner's, Malloiy's Kaiser's, Dix's, 272-Craudars, Holland's 
 knapsack extiuj;uisber.s, Douglas's, Stanton's, 273— Bucket poi- 
 soners, McDonald's, Allen's watering-pot ini|)rovenient8, 273— 
 Amor's and Lane's can-syringe, Hull's, Wisner's, 274— />ar/r/ and 
 tank pumps and oppurtenanveti, 274-283 — Sintjlc acting, diseliar^ing 
 below tbo piston, Melcber's, 274— Voglesaug's, Eiibuiaiui's, 275— 
 Polansky's, Scbier's, Bntiuan's, Ball's^ agitator, 27(;— Eveuden's, 
 Helniockc's, 277— Yeager's pump aud nozzle, 277-27^— Pinter's, 
 278— Single-acting, discbarging from above tbe piston, Cbipley's, 
 Weitb's, 278 — Available cistern or well pumps, 27."'-27t>— Barrow 
 pumps, truck pumps, garden engine pumps, windmill pumps, 
 Blunt's Lotus pump, tbe Pendulum and Index pumps, counter 
 pumps, 279 — Douhle-actUuj, force-pumps proj)er, 279-283 — Tbe 
 best, 279 — Kinds cbaracterized, Vose's bydropult, tbe Cbampion, 
 280 — Ramsden's, reduction-cylinder pnmps, patentees aud manu- 
 facturers, 281-282 — Autbor's agitator barrel pum]>, found u\ost 
 satisfactory, 282-283 — Conduits, /rames, portage, and combinations 
 of appurtenances, 283 — Jobnson's cotton-spraying macbine, 284 — 
 Jones', Biukley's, 285 — Goodin's, Wolfram's, 2.SG— Autbor's under- 
 epraying accessories, 288 — Plan, skid, mixing, and straining 
 funnel, 288 — Adjustments of pipes, forks aud nozzles, 289-297 ; 
 fork modifications, 290-292 — Pendent pipes, 292, conformability, 
 ligbtness, cbeapuess, 292-293 — Tube substances, 293 — Autbor's A- 
 frame macbines, 293-297 — Maximum widtb undersprayed, 295 — 
 Pipe adjustments to row widtbs, Hexible systems superior, 29&- 
 297. 
 
 VI. Gravitational distributors, 297-309— For /((/HiV?, 297-302— Kinds, 
 autbor's tripod automatic sprinkler, 297-298 — Scbank's sprinkler, 
 Taylor's, 298 — Robinson's, 299 — Suction force-pumps and windlass 
 elevators, 299— Bilge-pumps, 300 — Horseback automatic sprink- 
 lers, watering-pot metbod, Willie's sprinkler, 300 — Ramsey's, 
 301 — Knapsack automatic sprinklers, 301 — Gray's,_ Ruggle's, 
 Townsend's, 302 — Automatic baud-sprinkleis,watering-i>(>ts afoot 
 and on borseback, 302 — For dry poisons, sifters, kinds, 302-309 — 
 Disadvantages, reciprocating sieve macbines, band-sieves, 303- 
 304 — Sifting bag, Kurd's sifter and blower, Goodbeart's duster 
 and sprinkler, 304— Rotary-sieve macbines, 304-307 — Robinson's 
 duster aud sprinkler, Davis' duster. Levy's, 305 — Taylor's duster 
 and sprinkler, 306 — Reciprocating-stirrer sifters, Willie's, 307 — 
 Rotary-stirrer sifters. Young's, 307— Smitb's, 308— Eldridgo's, 309. 
 
 ChaPtkr XIII : 
 
 Macbiuery and devices for tbe destruction of tbe worm — concluded. 310 
 
 VII. Insect manipulators, mecbauical treatment, dislodging, crush- 
 ing or stifling tbe worms or cbrysalids, 310 — Sweeping, knocking, 
 or jarring oti' tbe worms; friction drags, fringes; beaters, 310 — 
 Collecting and dcspatcbing nioan.s, 311— Crusbing, Helm's 
 sweeper and crusber, 311 — Ewing's sweeper anil stitlcr, 312 — 
 7»io//is,Woo(l-Smitb's, 313— Iske'scatcbing trays, 314— rrfl/(«/or/Ae 
 314-321 — Kinds of lures, lighttrapn, 314— Lewis's, McQueen's, 
 Rigel's, 315— Walker's and otbers, 315-316— Lamps in motion, 
 Leblanc's, Fordtran's, 316— i?aj7 traps, Heard's. Garrett's, 317— 
 Traps combining light and bait, autbor's net trap, 317-319, tboaght 
 
344 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Chapter XIII — Continued. 
 
 the best, 318 — Indiscriminate killing wrong, the best bait, 319 — 
 Stith's trap, 319— Pugh's, Garrett's, 320— Binkley's, 321. 
 
 Chapter XIV: 
 
 History of the literature and bibliography 322 
 
 History of the literature, 322— From 1802 to 1828, 322— From 1829 
 to 1847, 323— From 1848 to 1854, 324— From 1855 to 1871, 325— 
 From 1869 to 1874, 326— From 1874 to 1878, 327— From 1878 to 
 1880, 328— From 1880 to 1881, 329— Bibliography up to and in- 
 cluding the year 1881, 329-344. 
 
 Chapter XV : 
 
 Insects liable to be mistaken for Aletia . . 345 
 
 Confusion of Aletia with other moths, 345 — With Aspila virescens, 
 345 — Characters of the most important of these moths to be illus- 
 trated in this chapter, 345 — List of these moths, 345 — Account of 
 Anomis erosa Hiibner, 345 — Its geographical distribution, 346 — 
 Structure of its eggs, 346 — Distinguished from egg of Aletia xijlina, 
 346 — Its seasons, 346 — Habits of larva, 346 — Characters of moth, 
 347 — Detailed description of egg, 348 — Larva, 348 — Pupa, 349 — 
 Seasons and food-plants, 349 — Account of Anomis texana n. sp., 
 350 — Habitat of A. exacta, 350 — Of A. texana, 350 — Larva dis- 
 tinguished from that of Aletia xylina, 350— Pupa distinguished, 
 350 — Account of Leucania unipuncta Haworth, 350— Reference to 
 discussions about this species, 350 — Its geographical distribution, 
 351 — Oviposition, 351 — Food-habits of worms, 351— Pupation, 351 
 — Number of broods, 351 — Hibernation, 351 — Account of Aspila 
 virescens, 351 — Synonymy, 351 — Confounded with Aletia xylina 
 only in pupa state, 351 — Pupae of the two species distinguished, 
 352— Food-plants of A. virescens, 352 — Moth distinguished from 
 that of Aletia xylina, 352 — Account of i^ras^eria erechlea (Cramer), 
 352 — Its geographical distribution, 352 — Variations in size of 
 moth, 352— Food-plants of larva, 352— Habits of moth, 352 — Num- 
 ber of broods, 352 — Oviposition, 353 — Colors of larva, 353 — Ac- 
 count of Laphygma frugiperda, 353 — Its food-habits, 353 — Synon- 
 yms, 353 — Account of Platyliypena scabra (Fabr.), 354 — Geograph- 
 ical distribution, 354 — Food-plants, 354 — Number of broods, 354 
 — Reference to descriptions of larva, 354 — Euplectrus platyhypencB 
 Howard, bred from larva, 354 — Account of Fhoheria atomaris 
 (Hiibner), 354 — Reference to descriptions and figures of moth, 
 354 — Food-plant of moth, 354. 
 
 Chapter XVI: 
 
 The boll-worm {Reliothis armigera Hiibner) 355 
 
 Introductory, 355 — One of the foremost of our injurious insects, 
 355 — Extent of its ravages, 355 — Nomenclature, 357 — Synonyms, 
 358— Popular names, 358— Geographical distribution, 358 — Food- 
 plants, other than cotton, 359 — Corn, 359 — Tomato, 361 — Tobacco 
 and other Solanacew, 362—Lcgu)ninosw, 262—Cucuriitacea', 363— 
 Malvacece, 363 — Other food-plauts, 363— Characters and transfor- 
 mations, 364— The egg, 364— The larva, 365— The pupa, 370— The 
 imago, 371— Number of broods, 372— Hibernation, 373— Summary 
 of the distinguishing points compared with Aletia, 374 — Egg, 
 374— Larva, 374 — Pupa, 374— Adult, 374 — Natural enemies, 375 — 
 Remedies, 377 — Early planting, 373 — Low corn vs. high corn, 
 378— Fall plowing, 378 — Destruction of the moths, 379— Lights 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 345 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. v.— C^ontinncd. 
 
 Ch\ptkk XVI— Continued. 
 
 :in<l poisoned Hweets, 379— Hand-picking, 380— Poisoning, 381— 
 Pj'retbruui, 361— Bibliography, 382. 
 
 Explanation to platks 385 
 
 Plate I-III, .385— IV-VII, 386— VIII-XI, 3H7— XII-XVI. 38«-XVII- 
 XX, 389— XXI-XXV, 390— XXVI-XXVIII, 3'J]— XXIX-XXXII, 
 392-XXXIII-XXXVIII,393— XXXIX-XLII,394-XLIII-XLVII, 
 395 — XLVIII-LIII, 396— LIV-LVII, 397 — LVllI-LXI, 398— 
 LXII-LXIV, 399. 
 
 Appendices [n 
 
 Preface to appendices [;n 
 
 Appendix I: 
 
 Report of H. G. Hubbard [5] 
 
 Report of observations made in 1881 upon Aletia and other insect 
 enemies of cotton, in the State of Florida, [5] — Cotton injured 
 more by Dysdercus sutureUiis than by Aletia xijlhia, [6]— And 
 more by rust-mite than by either, [7]— Great destruction of 
 Aletia eggs by Trichngramma pretiosa, [7]— Successions of broods 
 of Aletia, [7] — Distribution of worms on plant, [8] — Tabular 
 statement of periods of time occupied in each stage of growth, 
 [10] — Locality of deposition of eggs on plant [1"2J — Proportions 
 of light and dark colored worms, [12] — Effect of shade in protect- 
 ing cotton, [12] — Periods of dilferent stages, [13] — Copulation, 
 [13] — Position of moths at rest, [13] — Experiments with poisons, 
 [14] — Pyrethrum, [14] — London purple, [15] — Poisoning the 
 moths, [15] — Yeast, [16] — The boll-worm, Heliolhis annigera 
 Hiibn., [16]. 
 
 Appendix II : 
 
 Report of Prof. R. W. Jones [17] 
 
 The cotton boll-worm, Beliothia armigera, [17] — Its importance, [17] 
 —Food-plants, [17]— Natural history, [18]— The egg, [IH]— The 
 larva, [18]— Chrysalis, [19]— The moth, [19 J— Weather, [19]— 
 Natural enemies, [19] — Cotton army-worm, Aletia xi/lina. [19j — 
 First appearance observed in 1880, [19] — ExiierinR-uts with 
 poisoned sweets, [20] — With adhesive sweets, [20] — Gradual dis- 
 appearance of moths in October, [20] — Preparation of vegetable 
 substances as insecticides, [20] — Pyrethrum, [21] — Experiments 
 with Pyrethrum, [22]. 
 
 Appendix III: 
 
 Report of J. P. Stelle [25] 
 
 First appearance of Aletia xylina and Heliothia armigera in Texas 
 in 1880, [25]— Cotton blight, [25]— lis symptoms, [25]— It« 
 / causes, [26]— Boll rot, [26] — Its syniptonis, [27]- Its cause [27] 
 
 — The Hare, [27] — Its symptoms, [27] — Its probable cause, [27J 
 — Other food-plants than cotton for Aletia, [27]— None found for 
 the larva, [27] — Many for the moth, [27] — Food of larva of 
 Heliothia annigera, [28] — Annoyances to the cotton-worm, [2"i] — 
 Common salt, [28]— Saltpeter, [28]— Road dust, [2><]— Open 
 spaces, [28]— Trees, [29]— Shade, [29 J— Natural enemies, [29]— 
 Birds, [29]— Ants, [29]— Other insects, [30]— The yeast ferment 
 remedy, [31]— Pyrethrum powder, [31]— Other vegetabh- poisons, 
 [32]— Arsenical poisons, [32]— Loudon purple, [32]— Paris green, 
 [33] — Arsenic, [33], 
 
346 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. v.— Coutinued. 
 
 Appendix IV: 
 
 Reports of Dr. E. H. Anderson ^ [37] 
 
 For 1880, [37]— Seasons and habits of J. xylina, [37]— Of i7e?io</i is 
 armigera, [37] — Localities of first appearance of A. xijlina in the 
 season, [37] — Eeasons for this first appearance, [37]-[38]— Hiber- 
 nation of this insect in some form, [38]— Causes of undue multi- 
 plication of the -worms, [38] — Influence of ants on the number of 
 worms, [38]— Habits of ants, [38]— Other insects gathering 
 sweets from the cotton-plant, [39] — Jute growing amidst cotton 
 has no effect on the worms, [39] — Saturnia io found eating cot- 
 ton, [39]— An enemy of the cotton-worm found, [39]— Experi- 
 ments with London purple, [39] — With Pyrethrum extract, [39] 
 — With yeast, [40] — Eggs of insects found on cotton-leaf, [40]— 
 Characteristics of season ot 1880, [40]— Report for 1881, [40]— ' 
 Diary of observations on issuance, egg-laying, and hibernation of 
 moths, and on weather, from October 3 to December 31, [40]- 
 [44] — Observations of Heliothis armigera, [41J-[43] — Report for 
 1882, [44]— Observations on ants and aphides, [45]— Abundance 
 and sudden disappearance of Laphygma frugiperda, [45] — Scar- 
 city of cotton-worms, [45] — Experiments with Pyrethrum, [45]- 
 [48]— Weather in September, [4G]-[47]— Scarcity of Heliothis 
 ■ armifiera in cotton, [46]-[47] — Its preferred food-plants, [47]. 
 
 Appendix V: 
 
 Cotton caterpillars in Brazil. By John C. Branner [49] 
 
 Historical accounts of the occurrence of cotton caterpillars in 
 Brazil, [49]-[51]— Influence of weather on the appearance and 
 abundance of cotton-worms, [51] — Localities in which worms 
 first appear, [51] — Young cotton-plants most injured, [51] — Tvro 
 species of cotton caterpillars have been confounded, [52] — Sea- 
 sons and relative abundance of the two, [52] — Duration of their 
 puj)a state, [52] — Time of issue of moths, [53]— Number of 
 broods, [53]— Enemies of the caterpillars, [53] — Preventive 
 measures, [53] — Losses caused by caterpillars, [53]-[54] — Helio- 
 this armigera scarcely known to attack cotton in Brazil, [54]. 
 
 Appendix VI : 
 
 Report of Judge William J. Jones [55] 
 
 Obstacles to investigation in 1880, [55] — Exemption of scattered 
 patches of cotton-plants from depredation, [55] — Answers to 
 questions in Circular No. 7, [55]-[56] — Cotton killed by a fun- 
 gus, [56] — Application of poisons to cotton, [56] — Effect of poi- 
 sons upon eggs andlarvse, [56]— No other insects observed to be 
 injurious, [56] — Use of lights recommended to destroy moths, 
 [56]-[57]. 
 
 Appendix VII: 
 
 Reports of consuls and consular agents on the cotton crop and its 
 enemies in Mexico, Central and South America, and the West 
 
 Indies [59] 
 
 Introduction, [59] — Circular letter of inquiry, [59] — Replies: from 
 Merida, Mexico, [60]— From Tampico, Mexico, [60] — From Mar- 
 tinique, W. I., [60]— From Trinidad, W. I., [61]— From Man- 
 zanillo, Mexico, [61] — From Mazatlan, Mexico, [62]— From 
 Bahia, Brazil, [63]— From Maricaibo, U. S. of Colombia, [64]— 
 From Vera Crnz, Mexico, [65]— From Pernambuco, Brazil, 
 [67]— Prom Bogota, U. S. of Colombia, [68]— Notes on insects 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 347 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V.— Conimied. 
 
 ApPExnix VII— Continueil. 
 
 iii.jurioiis to the cottoD-pIaut iu the Republic of Mexico, by D. 
 H. Strother, U. S. cousul-general, [70]. 
 Appendix VIII : 
 
 Answers to Circular No. 7 [71] 
 
 From I). M. Ilamiltou, St. Fraacisville,We8t Feliciana Parish, La., 
 [71] — From R. A. Lee, Evergreen, Ala., [73] — From J. M. Wol- 
 kom, Henderson, Tex., [74] — From P. S. Clarke, HtMnpstead, 
 Waller Co., Tex., [75] — From L. D. Hoyt, Livingston, .Sumter 
 Co., Ala., [77] — From F. S. Shields, Lake, Concordia, Concordia 
 Parish, La., [79] — From G. E. Gillespie, M. 1)., Natchitoches, 
 La., [81]— From H. O. Dixon, Jackson, Miss., [84]— From F. L, 
 Yoakum, Larissa, Cherokee Co., Tex., [85] — From O. II. Perry, 
 Perry Co., Ala., [8G] — From J. W. Grace, Walterborough, Colle- 
 ton Co., S. C, {.SC^"] — From F. M. McMeekin, Jamestown, Alachua 
 Co., Fla., [87]— From H. P. Bee, San Antonio, Tex., [88]-[89]— 
 From E. H. Anderson, Kirkwood, Miss., [90] — Condensed sum- 
 mary of the habits of the worm, from Dr. D. L. Phares, Wood- 
 ville. Miss., [92]. 
 
 Notes [93] 
 
 Note 1 [95] 
 
 Hubner's description o( Alctia argillacea, with translation, [95]. 
 
 Note 2 '. [95] 
 
 Reasons for rejecting Hiibner's description of Aleiia aryillacea, [95] 
 -^Wherein this description and the hgnres ditier from J. xylina, 
 [95] — Doubts of authors concerning J. argillacea, [95] — Search 
 for the type of J. argillacea, [96] — Condition of the Soramer collec- 
 tion, [96] — How specimens of J. xi/?ina are labeled therein, [96]. 
 
 Notes [96] 
 
 No published, full, and complete description of the earlier states of 
 A. xylina extant, [96] —Reprint of descriptive portion of Dr. C. 
 W. Capers' article " On the cotton caterpillar," [97]— History 
 of ravages of A. xylina prior to 1828, [97] — Sudden abandonment 
 of cotton-plants, [97]— His description of moth, [98]— Egg, [98] 
 —Larva, [98]— Smell of larva, [98]— Habits, [98]— Food-plant, 
 [98]— Pupation, [98]— Description of pupa, [98]— Remedies, 
 [99]— Detailed description of egg, [99]— Six stages of larva, 
 [99]— Pupa, [100]. 
 
 Note 4 [100] 
 
 Diflerence in structure of prolegs, distinguishing Alctia xylina from 
 Anomia tcxana, [100]. 
 
 Notes [100] 
 
 Resemblance of larva of Plu«ia dyaua to that of Aletia xylina, [100]— 
 Proportion of light and dark specimens early and late in the sea- 
 son, [100]. 
 
 Note 6 [100] 
 
 Cotton leaves blotched by young larva of Spiloaoma acrea, [100]. 
 
 Note 7 ;--- [100] 
 
 Larva of Aletia xylina fed on Ipomwa commutata, [100]— Abutilon 
 and Phytolacca defoliated by diflereut larva-. [100]— Said to feed 
 on "salve bush," [100]. 
 
 Notes ■ [100] 
 
 Structure of male genitalia of Aletia xylina, [100]. 
 
348 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. ♦ 
 
 Notes — Continued. 
 
 Note 9 [101] 
 
 Notice of Wm. Trelease's "Nectar: what it is and some of its uses," 
 [101] — Teleology and dysteleology of nectar glands of cotton- 
 plant, [101]. 
 
 Note 10 [101] 
 
 Rapidity with which the broods of A. xylina follow one another in 
 midsummer, [101] — Time of first appearance of worms, [101] — 
 Number of broods, [101] — Prolificacy of moth, [101] — Importance 
 of natural checks upon its increase, flOl]. 
 
 Note 11 [101] 
 
 Influence of winter temperature on time of first appearance of 
 worms, [101]. 
 
 Note 12 [101] 
 
 Theories of hibernation of A. xylina, [101] — Proof of hibernation 
 of moth, [102]— importance of this proof, [102]. 
 
 Note 13 [102] 
 
 Influence of latitude upon time of hatching of insects, [102]. 
 
 Note 14 .• [102] 
 
 Number of broods of A. xylina previously recognized, [102]. 
 
 Note 15 [102] 
 
 Possible food-plants of larva of A. xylina, [102] — There must be 
 some besides cotton, [102] — Failure to find any other, [102] — 
 Feeding of larva of Anomis erona on Urena lohata, [102] — Value 
 of fiber of U. lohata, [102] — Geographical distribution of U. lohata, 
 [103] — Eggs and larva oi Anomis erosa distinguished from those 
 of Aletia xylina, [103] — Examination of malvaceous plants in 
 herbarium of U. S. Department of Agriculture, [103] — Disad- 
 vantages of such an examination, [103] — Plants on which eggs 
 were found in the herbarium, [103]— Petition for aid in obtain- 
 ing evidence of the food-plant of A. xylina in the more north- 
 ern States, [103] — List of malvaceous plants growing in these 
 States, with localities, [103]. 
 
 Note 16 „ [104] 
 
 Description of larva of Aspila virescens, [104] 
 
 Note 17 [104] 
 
 Travels of E. A. Schwarz in 1878 and 1879, [104]— Reference to 
 published accounts of the results of his investigations and those 
 of others on hibernation of J. xylina, [104]. 
 
 Note 18 [104] 
 
 Platyliypena acabra, [104]— Characters of larva, [104] — Food-plants 
 of larva, [104]— Pupation and hibernation, [104]— Characters of 
 pupa, [104]. 
 
 Note 19 [104] 
 
 Seasons of larva of Phoheria atomaris, [104]. 
 
 Note 20 .J [104] 
 
 Criticism of paper by A. R. Grote on hibernation of A. xylina, 
 [104] — Grote's arguments against hibernation, based on experi- 
 ence gained in the same regions which furnish arguments against 
 the theory of annual immigration, [105]— Possibility of hiber- 
 nation admitted by Grote, [105]. 
 
 Note 21 [105] 
 
 Definition of northern and southern portions of cotton belt, [105]. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 349 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Notes — Contiuued. 
 
 Note 2-2 [105] 
 
 References to discussion of J. P. Stelle's claim to have first recom- 
 mended publicly the use of Paris green for A. xylina, [lOf)]. 
 
 Note 23 [105] 
 
 References to descriptions and figures of brush-sacs of moths, [105]. 
 
 Note 24 [105] 
 
 Worms worse in wet weather than in dry, because more protected 
 from enemies, [105] — Localities of first appearance of worms are 
 those of least molestation, [105]. 
 
 Note 25 [106] 
 
 Appetite of swine for cotton-worms, [106]— Worms eaten by dogs 
 and cats, [lOG]. 
 
 Note2() [106] 
 
 Reference to list of birds of southern States, [lOG]. 
 
 Note 27 [106] 
 
 Range of English sparrow in United States, [106] — In hotter por- 
 tions of the country it is confined to towns and villages, [106]. 
 
 Note 28 [106] 
 
 Report by Dr. Geo. Marx on spiders found on cotton, [106] — Prelim- 
 inary list of spiders which destroy insects noxious to agriculture, 
 [106] — List of spiders observed to devour larv:e of Aletia xylina, 
 [106] — How they capture their victims, [106] — Food-habits of 
 Theridula sphwrula, [107] — Observations on habits of Oxyopes 
 riridans, by H. G. Hubbard, [107] — Ants captured by larva) of a 
 Cicindcla, [107], 
 
 Note 29 [107] 
 
 Description of imago of Trichogramma pretiosa, [107]. 
 
 Note2[)a [107] 
 
 Metamymar n. g. and M. ahurodia n. sp., provisionally named, 
 [107]. 
 
 Note 30 ■- [108] 
 
 Description of imago and larva of Apanteles ahticF, [108]. 
 
 Note 31 [lOdJ 
 
 Apanteles aletice parasited by Eupelmus pp., [108]. 
 
 Note 32 [108] 
 
 Description of imago of Euplectrua comatockii, [108]. 
 
 Note 33 [108] 
 
 Description of imago of Elachialus euplectri n. sp., [108]. 
 
 Note 34 [109] 
 
 Sarcophaga sarracenup distinct from 8. carnaria, [109] — Points of 
 difl'erence between tlio Sarcophagw of America and Europe gen- 
 erally, [109] — Addil ional specific charactersofiS. 8arraccnin\ [109]. 
 
 Note 35.' [109] 
 
 Description of imago of Tachina aleiiw, [109]. 
 
 Note 36 [10;»1 
 
 Description of imago of Tachina /interna, [109]. 
 
 Note 37 [109] 
 
 Differences between tachinid larva and that at' Sarcophaga, [109]— 
 Differences of puparia. [109]— Reference to description of larva 
 of Sennmelopia atropirora, [110]; of larva and pupa of Tachina 
 villica, [110]— Description of larva and ])npariuni of Sarcophaga 
 8arracenin\ [110]; of larva of Bdroisia bi/asciala, [110] — Differ- 
 ence of larva of £. bifa»ciata from that of Tachina concinnata, 
 
350 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2343. Riley, 0. V.— Continued. 
 
 Notes — Continued. 
 
 [110]— Structure of spiracles in normal form of tachinid pupa- 
 rium, [110]— Description of the puparium, [110] ; of puparium 
 of Belboisia bifanciata, [111]. 
 
 Note 38 [Ill] 
 
 Synonymy of Cryptus conquisitor, [111] — C. pleurivinctus erroneously 
 given as a synonym of C. annulicornis, [111]. 
 
 Note 39 .' - [Ill] 
 
 Synonymy of Cryptus samice, [111]. 
 
 Note 40 [Ill] 
 
 Description of larva and pupa of Chalcis ovata, [111]— List of Lepi- 
 doptera parasited by Cli. ovata, [HI]— Variations in size oi" 
 imago, [111]. 
 
 Note 41 [llll 
 
 Synonymy of TetrasticJius esurus, [111] — Description of imago, 
 [111]. 
 
 Note 42 [Ill] 
 
 . Description of imago of Hexaplasta zigzag, [111] — Difficulty of de- 
 fining the families Chalcidtdw, ProctotrupidoB, and Cynipidce, 
 [112]— Food-habits of these families, [112]. 
 
 Note 43 [112] 
 
 Phora aletice not a. true parasite, [112]— Habits of this species, [112]. 
 
 Note 44 [112] 
 
 The vast majority of the moths attracted to light said to be males, 
 [112]— If this is so, the usefulness of fires and lights as a remedy 
 is almost nothing, [112]. 
 
 Note 45 [112] 
 
 Antidotes for arsenical poisoning, [112]. 
 
 Note 46 [112] 
 
 Non-fertilized blossoms destroyed by morning showers or spray- 
 ing, [112]— When to make wet applicaticyis of poison, [112]. 
 
 Note 47 [113] 
 
 Test of purity of Paris green, [113]. 
 
 Note 48 [113] 
 
 Proportions of Paris green mixture, [113]. 
 
 Note 49 [113] 
 
 Effect of kerosene and kerosene emulsion on cotton-plants, [113]. 
 
 Note 50 [113] 
 
 Pyrethrum willemoti probably a synonym of P. roseum, [113] — Ref- 
 erence to Willemot's paper on P. tvillemoti, [113]. 
 
 Note 51 , [113] 
 
 Growth of productive pyrethrum industry in California, [113] — 
 Effectof pyrethrum on warm-blooded animals, [113] — Pyrethrum 
 recommended as a disinfectant and germicide, [113]. 
 
 Note 52 [113] 
 
 Cost of production compared with price of pyrethrum, [113]. 
 
 Note 53 [113] 
 
 Enemies of Aletia xylina killed by poisoning the worms, [113]. 
 
 Note 54 [113] 
 
 Positiveness with which various plants have been recommended as 
 insecticides, [113]. 
 
 Note 55 [114] 
 
 Insects injuring dog-fennel, [114]. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 351 
 
 2343. Riley, C. V.— Contimied. 
 
 Notes— Continued. 
 
 Note 56 [114 J 
 
 Tests of spraying machinery, by Dr. W. S. Barnard, [114]— Ditli- 
 culties in tlie use of machinery in irregularly-planted lields, 
 [114]— Means of overcoming these difficulties, [114]— Convey- 
 ances for underspraying apparatus, [115]— Management of ap- 
 paratus, [115]— Rapidity of service, [115J— Quantity of poison 
 required, [113]— Success of stirrer-pump device, [115] — Con- 
 struction of stirrer-pump, [115]— Construction of nozzle-pipes, 
 [116]— Adjustment of these pipes, [116]— Success of Eddy-cham- 
 ber nozzles, [116]— A closed system of pipes advisable, [116]— 
 High pressure should always be used, [117]— Adjustment of de- 
 scending pipes, [117]— Flexile joints recommended, [117]— Ad- 
 vantages of flexile pipes, [117]— Lifting of descending pipes in 
 turning, [118]— Devices for laterah shifting of pipes, [llH]— 
 Summary of conclusions from experiments, [118]. 
 
 Note 57 [IPj] 
 
 Keconuuendation to use Paris green in 187-2, [119] — Extract from 
 report made on this subject by J. P. Stelle, in 1880, [ll'J]— Com- 
 ment on the same, [120]. 
 
 Note 58 [ l"-iO] 
 
 Description of imago of Anomis texana n.-sj)., [120J. 
 
 Note 59 , [120] 
 
 Description of egg and pupa of Drasteria trechtea, [120]. 
 
 Note 60 [1-^1] 
 
 Reprint of J. W. Boddie's description, in 1850, of imago of Phalana 
 zea (Heliothis armxgera), [121 ]. 
 
 Note 61 [lv>l] 
 
 Reprint of A. R. Grote's description of Selioth is umbrosus, [121]. 
 
 Note 62 • [121] 
 
 Remarks on specimens sent from Bahia, by R. A. Edes, in 1880, 
 [121]— Characters of egg, larva, and pupa of Anomis sp., [121] — 
 Insects found in cotton bolls, [121]. 
 
 Note 63 [121] 
 
 Probably Macroaila ruatiea stated to feed on cotton, [121]. 
 
 Note 64 [121] 
 
 LarvjE of Aletia x^Hna received from Vera Cruz, [121] — Recurrence 
 of cotton-worms at irregular periods, [122]. 
 
 2344. Riley, C. V. Reports of experimeuts with various insecticide 
 
 substances, chiefly upon insects affecting garden crops, made 
 under the direction of the entomologist. <Bull. J?"o. 11, Div. 
 Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric, [February 20], 188G, 34 pp. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Experiments with insecticides 5 
 
 Report of experiment sat La Fayette, Ind. By F. M. Webster 9 
 
 Report of experiments at Ames. Iowa. By H. Osborn 23 
 
 Report of experiments at Trenton, N. J. By T. Bennett ..i 27 
 
 2345. [Riley, C. V.] [The study of entomology.] <Ent<)m. Amer., 
 
 March, 1886, v. 1^ pp. 225-227. 
 Remarks made at a meeting of the A. A. A. S. ; books useful for beginners. 
 
352 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2346. [EiLEY, C. v.] [Habitat of Mezium americanum.] <Proc. Ent. 
 
 Soc. Wash., [30 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 14. 
 
 Occurrence of Mezium americanum in old hay. 
 
 2347. [Riley, 0. V.] [Arctic insects.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., [30 
 
 March], 1886, v. 1, pp. 14-15. 
 Remarks on collection of insects made at Point Barrow, Alaska; prevalence 
 in Arctic regions of species common to America and Europe ; occurrence of 
 Urocerus jiavicornis in Alaska. 
 
 2348. [Riley, C. V.] [Habits of Isosoma.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 
 
 [30 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 15. 
 Phytopbagic habits of the genus Isosoma ; I. grande observed ovipositing. 
 
 2349. [Riley, C. V.] [Cranberry fruit- worm.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 
 
 [30 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 15. 
 Names Acrobasis vaccinii as the well-known cranberry fruit-worm. 
 
 2350. [Riley, C. V.] [Bhyssa lunator.] <Proc. Ent.' Soc. Wash., [30 
 
 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 15. 
 States that Bhijssa [= Thalessa'] lunator is parasitic and not lignivorous. " 
 
 2351. [Riley, C. Y.] [Tiphia and Bhipiphorus.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. 
 
 Wash., [30 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 15. 
 Refers to O. Lugger's statements in regard to the habits of Ti]}hia and Bhipi- 
 phorus as manifestly incorrect. 
 
 2352. [Riley, C. V.] [Insects attracted to light.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. 
 
 Wash., [30 March], 1886, v. 1, pp. 15-16. 
 
 Disfigurement of buildings by the insects and spiders attracted to the electric 
 light on the dome of the Capitol. 
 
 2353. [Riley, C. V.] [Parasitic Coleoptera.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 
 
 [30 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 16. 
 Parasitic habits of Aleochara anthomyiiv [_= nitida']. 
 
 2354. [Riley, C. V.] [Scenopmiis.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., [30 March], 
 
 1886, V. 1, p. 16. 
 Larva of Scenopinus sp. infesting the blanket of a Navajo Indian. 
 
 2355. Riley, C. V. Annual address of the president. <Proc. Ent. 
 
 Soc. Wash., [30 March], 1886, v. 1, pp. 17-27. 
 Brief comments upon the histories or injuries of Agrotis fennica, Hadena de- 
 vastatrix, Nematus erichsoni, Phytonomus pimctatus, P. nigrirostris, Pulvinaria 
 innumerabilis, Sgstoechus leucophcsus, and Phylloxera rastairix ; notes on the 
 egg parasites of the Acrididw ; mode of oviposition of some Carabidw ; ad- 
 vantages of Washington from an entomological standpoint. 
 
 2356. [Riley, C. V.] [Gall-making moths.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 
 
 [30 March], 1886, v. 1, p. 30. 
 Walshia amorphella, previously known as a gall-maker on Amorpha fruticosa, 
 bred from roots of loco weed; Euryptychia saligneana distinct from Pcedisca 
 scudderiana. 
 
 2357. [Riley, 0. V.] Sphida, Grote.] <Pr6c. Ent. Soc. Wash., [30 
 
 March], 1886, v.l, p. 30. 
 
 Considers S. ohliquata synonymous with Arzama densa. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 353 
 
 2358. [Riley, C. V.] [Food of Calopteron and Photinus.] <Proc. Ent. 
 
 Soc. Wash., [30 March], 188G, v. 1, p. 31. 
 Larva of Calopteron terminale gregarious aud lignivorous; Photinus pyralia 
 feeds on snails. 
 
 2359. Riley, C. V. A carnivorous butterfly larva. <Science, 30 April, 
 
 1886, V. 7, p. 394. 
 Distribution and recorded food-habits of Feniaeca tarquinius ; Aphididw the 
 notmal food of the same. 
 
 2360. Riley, C. V. Entomology. Professor Riley to Dr. Shaffer. 
 
 <Daily Globe [Keokuk, Iowa], 2 May, 1886. S.-b. No. 63, p. 30. 
 
 Injuries of and means against Abia caprifolium l^=Zar(^a injtata'\. 
 
 2361. Riley, C. V. A carnivorous butterfly larva. — Piaut-feeding habit 
 
 of Feniaeca tarquinius. <Amer. Nat., June, 1886, v. 20, pp. 
 556-557. 
 Supposed food-plants of the larva of Feniaeca tarquiniua ; first publication of 
 proof that it feeds on plant-lice ; Schizoneura tesaellata, Femphigua fraxini- 
 folii, and F. imbricator the species preyed upon. 
 
 2362. Riley, C. V. Th rips— Leaf hoppers. <Gardener's Mo. and 
 
 Hortic, June, 1886, v. 28, p. 174. S.-b. No. 61, p. 56. 
 
 Letter to Duncan Rhind ; remedies against Erythroneura viiifex [= Typhlocyba 
 vitia']. 
 
 2363. Riley, C. V. Report of the entomologist. <Ann. Rept. [U. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric. for 1885, 1886, pp. 207-343, 1 map, 9 pi. 
 Separate: < Washington: June, 1886, pp. 10-fl37-f 10. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction 207 
 
 Silk-culture, 207 — Review of the divisional work in silk-culture, 
 207 — Necessity for a home market for cocoons, 20a — Proposed es- 
 tablishment of a filature at Washington, 208 — Silk culture in 
 France, 209 — Destructive locusts, 209 — Injurious insects of the 
 year, 209 — Correspondence of the Division, 210 — Work of the Di- 
 vision in economic ornithology, 210 — Establishment of an api- 
 cultural station, and the work of the Division in apiculture, 211 — 
 Work of other divisional agents, 212 — Relations of the Division to 
 the National Museum, 213 — Publications of the Division, 213 — 
 Office force, 213. 
 
 SlLK-CULTURR 214 
 
 General work of the division, 214 — Distribution of eggs, 214— States 
 in which greatest interest is felt^ 214. 
 
 Distribution of mulberry trees 214 
 
 Number distributed, 214— Danger of indiscriminate distribution, 
 214 — Osage orange, 214 — Russian mulberry, 215. 
 
 Distribution of eggs 215 
 
 Variety distributed, 215— Designation of races, 215. 
 
 Home-raised t'«. imported eggs 215 
 
 Feeling against importation, 215— Reasons for importation last year, 
 215— Provisions for the next distribution, 216— Eggs rejected, 
 21G — Labor involved iu silk-culture, 216. 
 Establi.shiug of filatures— Cost of producing reeled silk 216 
 
 23 ENT 
 
354 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2363. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued, 
 Silk-culture — Continued. 
 
 Importance of filatures, 216 — Establishing of stations, 217 — Work 
 at Philadelphia station, 217 — Work and results at New Orleans 
 filature, 217 — The Serrell automatic silk reel, 218 — Application of 
 the saving of this reel to New Orleans figures, 219. 
 
 Work on the Pacific coast 219 
 
 Last season's experimental crop, 219 — Incorporation of the Ladies' 
 
 Silk-Culture Society of California, 219 — The station at Piedmont, 
 
 219 — Proposed work at the station, 220 — Wofkof the State board, 
 
 220 — Attempt to fo^m a stock company, 220. 
 
 On the precautions necessary in the production of pure silk-worm 
 
 eggs and in properly wintering them 221 
 
 Pasteur's classification of diseases, 221. 
 
 Flaccidity (Flacherie) 221 
 
 Symptoms and consequences, 221 — Action of worms, 221— Color, 
 221 — Odor, 221 — Nature and treatment, 222 — Microscopic diagno- 
 sis, 222 — The bacillus of flaccidity, 222 — Examination of the 
 chrysalis, 222. 
 
 P^brine 223 
 
 Symptoms, 223 — The black spots, 223 — Microscopic diagnosis, 223 — 
 Appearance of chrysalis, 224 — Tests for the determination of 
 p6brine,224 — Difficultyofusing the worm for test, 224 — Advantage 
 of using the moth, 224 — Isolation and examination of the moths, ^ 
 224 — Maillot's method, 224 — Examination of chrysalides, 224 — 
 Selection of cocoons, 225 — Moth cells, preparation, 225 — Fasten- 
 ings for cells, 225 — Preparation of moth for examination, 226 — 
 The corpuscle of p^brine, 226. 
 
 Wintering the eggs 227 
 
 Colors of eggs, 227 — The micropyle, 227 — Proper temperature and 
 humidity, 227 — Hibernating boxes, 228 — Acknowledgments, 228. 
 
 MiSCELLAXEOUS INSECTS 228 
 
 Destructive locusts or "grasshoppers," Acrididce 228 
 
 Unusual damage, 228 — The Rocky Mountain locust, 228 — Proba- 
 bilities for 1886, 229— The California migratory locust, 229 — 
 Abundance the present year, 229 — The destructive species in 
 previous years, 230 — Geographical range, 230 — Characters of the 
 species, 231 — Remedies, 232 — New remedy, 232 — Non-migratory 
 species, 232 — The red-legged locust, 232 — The difl^"erential locust, 
 233— The two-striped locust, 233— The lesser locust, 233. 
 
 The periodical Cicada, TiMcen septendecim 233 
 
 Preparation of a Bulletin, 233 — A seventeen -year and a thirteen- 
 year race, 234 — Our announcement in 1863, 234 — Dr. Smith's man- 
 uscript, 234 — Dr. Phares's earlier discovery, 234 — Two distinct 
 forms or varieties; specific value of the different forms, 234 — 
 First discovery, 234 — Points of difference, 235 — How the species 
 should be catalogued, 235 — The long period of underground de- 
 velopment, 235 — The food of the larva, 230 — Method of burrow- 
 ing of the larva, 237 — The transformations, 237 — Rising of the 
 pupte, 237 — Five phases of ecdysis, 238 — Time required for trans- 
 formation, 238 — The Cicada vs. civilization, 238 — Influence of 
 domestic animals, 238; of building of towns, 238; of the En- 
 glish sparrow, 238 — Song notes of the Cicada, 239 — Notes of other 
 insects, 239 — First or phar-r-r-r-aoh note, 239 — Second note or 
 "screecti," 240— Third or "chirping" note, 240— Other notes, 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 355 
 
 2363. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Miscellaneous insects— Continued. 
 
 240— Variation iu time of appearance, 240— Enemies of the 
 Cicada, 241— Supposed sting of tlio Cicada, 241— Oviposition, 
 242 — Injury caused to fruit trees; remedies and preventive meas- 
 ures, 242— Small injury in larva state, 243— Destruction of tlie 
 insects as they issue from the ground, 243 ; by Pyrethrum pow- 
 der, 243 ; by Pyrethrum water, 243 ; by kerosene emulsion, 244 — 
 Experiments with substances that kill by thwarting exuviation, 
 244— Carbolic acid, 244— Acetic acid, 245— Alcohol, 245— To pre- 
 vent ovipositing, 245 — Kerosene emulsion, 245— Consideration of 
 the two 1885 broods, 246— Circular letter, 240- Brood VII, 247— 
 Brrtod XXII, 248 — Points of contact of the two broods, 219 — 
 Geographical distribution of Brood VII, 250— Distribution of 
 Brood XXII, 251 — Summary of distribution and future appear- 
 ance of different broods, 252 — Indueuce of climate upon the 
 races, 254 — Experiment in the transfer of eggs, 255 — Persons 
 assisting, 255 — Description of the placing of the diiierent lots of 
 eggs, 256— The Cicada iu 1886, 257. 
 
 The leather beetle, or toothed Dermestes, Bermestea vulpinus 258 
 
 Injury to boots and shoes, 258 — History of its occurrence at St. 
 Louis, 258 — Unrecorded points iu its habits and natural history, 
 259— Food of larviB, 259— The eggs, 2.^9- Growth of larvie, 260— 
 The pupa, 261 — The beetle, 261 — Litigation growing out of its 
 injuries, 261 — History of the Savannah case, 262 — Remedies, 
 263 — Care and cleanliness, 263 — Use of poisons, 263 — Descriptive, 
 264 — Mature larva, 264 — Differences between young and old lar- 
 vae, 264. 
 
 The garden web- worm, Eurycreon rantalia 265 
 
 Great damage the present year, 265 — A wide-spread species, 265 — 
 Popular descriptions of different states, 265 — Former injuries, 
 266 — Localities of damage in 1885,266— Food-plants, 267 — Habits 
 and natural history, 267 — Number of annual generations, 267 — 
 Habits of larvje, 268 — Cocoon, 269 — Natural enemies, 269 — Reme- 
 dies, 269 — Arsenical poisons, 269 — Machine for jarring the worms 
 from the plants, 270. 
 
 The dark-sided cut- worm, Agrotis rnessoria 270 
 
 Injury to onions; new habit, 270 — Habits and natural history, 
 270— Number of broods, 270 — Hibernation, 271 — Remedies, 272 — 
 Treatment of land in spring, 272 — Poisoned balls, 272 — Kerosene 
 emnlsions, 272— Jieport of John B. Smith, 273— Report of Thomas 
 Bennett, 274. 
 
 The strawberry weevil, Anthonomua muscnlus 276 
 
 Past history, 276— In Maryland, 276— In Missouri, 276— In Michi- 
 gan, 276 — Injury in 1885, 276 — Damage on Stateu Island, 276 — 
 Habits aud natural history, 277 — Mr. Smith's ol>servatious, 277 — 
 Diversity of habit in the genus, 278— Natural history of other 
 species of Anthonomna, 278 — Imiuiliuous species, 279 — .Speicos 
 having difiercnt habits, 279— Remedies, 279— Wolf's soap, 279— 
 Kerosene emulsion, 280 — Pyrethrum, 280— Repellants, 280— Char- 
 acters and syuonomy, 280— Descriptive, 281 — Variations of A. 
 musculus, 282— Comparative differences between A. muaculm aud 
 A. suinralis, 282. 
 
 The peax midge or pear Diploais, Diplosia pyrivora 283 
 
356 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2363. Elley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Miscellaneous Insects— Continued. 
 
 Decisive steps for eradication recommended, 283 — Life-history and 
 habits, 283 — Laying of eggs and growth of larvjp, 283 — Habits 
 of larvae, 284 — The cocoou, 284 — One annual generation ; dates 
 of issuance of adults, 284 — Parasites, 285 — Remedies, 285 — Is it 
 an introduced species?, 285 — Reasons for so considering it, 285 — 
 Schmidberger's account of the European pear midge, 286 — Dr. 
 Joseph Mik's opinion, 287 — Descriptive, 287 — Imago, 287 — Larva, 
 288 — Pupa, 288 — The classiflcatory value of the genitalia, 288. 
 Reports of agents 289 
 
 Report on the locusts of the San Joaquin Valley, Cal. By D. W. 
 
 Coquillett 28U 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 289 — Letter of instructions, 289 — Location, 
 290 — Work of the locusts in general, 290 — Species most destructive, 
 291 — The devastating locust, 291 — The ash-colored locust, 296 — 
 292 — Where did these locusts hatch ?, 292 — Consideration of sur- 
 rounding topography, 293 — How the young locusts may be dis- 
 tinguished, 293 — Influence of submersion on hatching, 294 — Cause 
 of the abundance in this valley in 1885, 294 — Early hatching, 294 — 
 Lack of rain, 294 — The diifereutial locust, 295— Abundance, 295 — 
 Egg-pod, 295— Oviposition, 296— Flight, 296 — The yellow locust, 
 Abundance, 296— Flight, 296— Cannibalism, 296— Oviposition, 
 297— Other species of locusts, 297 — Table showing relative abun- 
 dance, 297 — Injury committed by the locusts, 297 — To grape-vines, 
 298— To grain-fields and vegetable-gardens, 298— Natural enemies, 
 298— Birds and poultry, 298— Wasps, 298— Mites, 299— Flies, 299— 
 Remedies, 299 — Collecting in windrows of dry stems and then 
 burning, 299— Rolling, 300— Kerosene emulsion, 300— Burning 
 sulphur, 300 — Horse troughs, 300 — Bran, arsenic, and sugar trap- 
 poisoning, 300 — Buhach, 302. 
 
 Report on the abundance of the Rocky Mountain locust in 1885. By 
 
 L. Bruner 303 
 
 Letter of submittal, 303— The great abundance of native species, 
 303— Direction of flight of the Rocky Mountain species, 304 — 
 Probabilities for 1886, 305— Effect of weather upon probabilities, 
 305— Scarcity of parasites, 305— Abundance o{ Melanoplus atlanis 
 and Camnulapelhidda, 306— List of locusts noticed in larger num- 
 bers than usual, 307. 
 
 Notes on locusts at and about Folsom, Cal. By A. Koebele 308 
 
 Methods adopted by the Natoma Company, 308— Manner of flight, 
 309 — Time of appearance, 309— Losses, 310— Parasites, 310— Poul- 
 try, 310. 
 
 Insects affecting fall wheat. By F. M. Webster 311 
 
 Isosoma tritici Riley and I. grande Riley,311 — Notes of breeding, 312 — 
 Selection of plants, 314— Facts concerning oviposition, 314 — 
 Influence of temperature, 314— No males found, 315— The grain 
 Sphenophorns, 315 — Found in rye and wheat, 315— Oviposition, 
 316— Damage to straw and roots, 316— The pupa, 316 — Dates of 
 emergence, 316— The white-grub, 316— Distiuguishe.l from Sphe- 
 nophorus, 317— The tarnished plant bug, 317— Found feeding on 
 kernels of wheat, 317 — Euschhius fissiUs, 317 — Deraocoris [= Calo- 
 coris'\ rapidus, ^17— DiedrocejjhaJa Jiaviceps, 318— The eggs, 318 — 
 Injurious to oats, 318— The chinch-bug, 318— Abundance in fall 
 
 / wheat, 318— On bottle-grass, 318— Parisitized by ^er»iis,318— The 
 wheat midge, 318— Breeding notes, 318— Date of emergence, 319. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 357 
 
 2363. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 Reports of Agents— Coutiuued. 
 
 Third report on the causes of destruction of the evergreen and other 
 
 forest trees in northern New England. .By A. S. Packard 319 
 
 General review, '.VM — Condition of tho spruco on t\ui coast of Maine, 
 321 — Exemption from insect attack, '.VZl — Condition of tho hack- 
 matack in 1885, 321 — Verification of hist year's predictions, 322 — 
 The white-pine weevil, 322 — Eggs, 322 — Larva, 323 — Pnpa and its 
 cell, 323 — Distinguished from other species, 323— Lilo-history in 
 brief, 324 — Etiects of its work, 324 — Prevention, 32.")— The spruce 
 Epizeuxis, 325 — Discovery of food-plant, 32.5 — Compared with 
 other species, 325— Descriptive,326— The spruce plume-moth, 326— 
 Habits, 326— Descriptive, 326— The pine Pheocyraa, 327— Tho 
 evergreen Cleora, 327— Habits, 327— Descriptive, 327— Th(» Qr 
 Paraphia, 328— Descriptive, 328— The spruce Therina, 328— De- 
 scriptive, 32'J— The pine Therina, 329— The pine Amorbia, 329— 
 The V-marked Caccccia, 329— Habits, 329— Descriptive, 330— Tho 
 hickory Eccopsis, 330— Habits, 330— Descriptive, 331— The varie- 
 gated Eccopsis, 331— Descriptive, 331— The white-heart hickory 
 Gelechia, 331— Habits, 332— Descriptive, 332— Tho willow Teras, 
 332— Descriptive, 332— The purple willow Gracilaria, 332— Habits, 
 332— Descriptive, 333. 
 
 Report on experiments in apiculture. By N. W. McLain 333 
 
 Letter of submittal, 333— Economy in the production of wax, 334— 
 Experiments in wax-feeding, 334— Device for feeding sugar syrup 
 and for other purposes, 334— Description, 334— Wintering bees, 
 335— Loss from thirst, 335—" Roaring in the hive," 336— Device 
 for furnishing water, 3%— Bees vs. fruit, 336— House built for ex- 
 periment, 336— Details of experiments, 337— Conclusious, 338— 
 Fruits used, 339— Experience of Richard Rees, 339— Artificial 
 fertilization, 339— Desirability of accomplisWng it, 339— Recent 
 experiments, 340— Experiments with larval and pupal ([ueens 
 unsuccessful, 340— Experiments with imago queens, 341— Conclu- 
 sions and ground for hope, 342— Bee forage, 342— Improved races, 
 342— Importance of apiculture, 342— Statistics, 343— Necessity 
 and scope, 343 -Desirability of accurate crop reports of apiarian 
 products, 343. 
 
 2364. RiLEY, C. V. Miscellaneous notes on the work of the Division 
 
 of Entomology for the season of 1885, prepared by the Ento- 
 
 mologist. <Biill. No. 12, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric. [13 
 
 July]" 1886, 46 pp. 1 plate. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 Report on the production and mauufacture of Buhach. By D. W. Co- 
 
 quillett - rV' 
 
 Additions to the third report on the causes of the destruction of the 
 
 evergreen and other forest trees in northern New England. By A. S. 
 
 Packard, jr r'n i oi 
 
 The periodical Cicada in southeastern Indiana. By A. W. Butler 24 
 
 Notes of the year 
 
 2365. R[iLEY], C. V. Hessian-fly. <Suppl. EncyclopcTdia Britanuica, 
 
 9th Ed., 1886, v. 3, p. 324, fig. 
 Natural history, remedies, and figures of Cecidomyia destructor. 
 
358 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2366. R[rLEY], C. V. Locust. <Suppl. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th 
 
 Ed., 1886, V. 3, pp. 626-628, fig., map. 
 Ravages, life-history, enemies of, and means against Caloptenus spretus; mi- 
 grations and their cause ; map of the region overrun ; figure of adult. 
 
 2367. Elley, C. V. Some popular fallacies and some new facts regard- 
 
 ing Cicada septendecim L. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 
 1885, [August], 1886, v. 34, p. 334. 
 Variety cassinii is not the race tredecim of Tibicen septendecim ; twigs with 
 eggs do not necessarily break off or die to insure the hatching of the larva. 
 
 2368. Riley, C. V. Report of the curator of the department of insects 
 
 in the TJ. S. ITational Museum for 1884. <Aun. Rept. of Re- 
 gents of Smith. Inst, for 1884, 1885 [1886], pp. 185-188. . 
 List of accessions, with notes; recommendations for utilizing the Glover 
 plates ; needs of the Department, 
 
 2369. Riley, C. V. Notes on Feniseca targuinius, Fabr. <Ca. Ent., 
 
 October, 1886, v. 18, pp. 191-193. 
 Comments on article by W. H. Edwards ; records made at the Department of 
 Agriculture proving the carnivorous habits of the larva of Feniseca tarqui- 
 nius. 
 
 2370. Riley, 0. V. Two useful lives. <Sci. Amer., 29 January, 1887, 
 
 V. 56, p. 64. S.-b. No. 63, p. 122. See: <Wine and Fruit 
 Grower, January, 1887, v. 9, p. 10. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 55-56. 
 
 Brief obituary notices of Louis Bazille and Jules Lichtenstein. 
 
 2371. Riley, C. V. Mr. Hulst's observations on Pronuba yiiccasella. 
 
 <Entom. Amer., March, 1887, v. 2, pp. 233-236. 
 
 Criticism of the observations of G. D. Hulst; summary of the method of ovi- 
 positioQ of Protiuha yuccasella; pollination of Yucca by the same. 
 
 2372. [Riley, C. Y.] Fruit pest extermination. <San Diego Mirror, 
 
 5 April, 1887. S.-b. No. 63, pp. 88-89. 
 Means against Coccidce. 
 
 2373. [Riley, C. V.] [Californian orange insects.] <Daily Herald 
 
 [Los Angeles], 9 April, 1887. S.-b. No. 63, p. 88. 
 Means against Coccidce. 
 
 2374. [Riley, C. V.] Our bugs. <San Francisco Daily Examiner, 16 
 
 April, 1887. S.-b. No. 63, p. 80 ; 86-87. 
 Food-plants, ravages, and means against the white-scale. 
 
 2375. [Riley, C. V.] [Remedies and appliances.] <Press and Horti- 
 
 culturist, 16 April, 1887. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 82-84, 
 Replies to inquiries made at the annual convention of the State Board of Hor- 
 ticulture of California; means against the codlin-moth; methods of spray- 
 ing ; differences between allied scales ; their methods of dispersal and means 
 against them, 
 
 2376. Riley, C. V. Bumble-bees vs. red-clover. <Rural New-Yorker, 
 
 23 April, 1887, v. 46, p. 270. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 36-37, 
 Revival of unsettled questions ; red-clover sterile in the absence of bumble- 
 bees in New Zealand; some fertilization by other insects probable ; intro- 
 duction of bumble-bees into New Zealand ; their rapid propagation there ; 
 beneficial effects on red-clover. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 359 
 
 2377. EiLET, C. V. Tonnfj grasshoppers. <San Francisco Examiner, 
 
 25 April, 1887. S.-b. No. G3, p. 85. 
 Interview with reporter ; ravages of and means against Melanoplua [= Calop- 
 itnus'\ devastator. 
 
 2378. Riley, C. V. Our shade trees and their insect defoliators. Be- 
 
 ing a consideration of the four most injurious species which 
 affect the trees of the capital ; with means of destroying tliem. 
 <Bull. No. 10, Div. Ent. U. S.Dept. Agric. [7 May], 1887, 09, pp. 
 27 figs. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Letter of sub^httal 5 
 
 Introduction 7 
 
 fopr principal leaf-eaters 8 
 
 The impoitecl elm leaf-beetle, Galeruca xanthomelcena 8 
 
 An importation from Europe 8 
 
 Habits and natural history 8 
 
 Remedies II 
 
 More recent experience at the Department 14 
 
 Past history of the elms in qnestiou, 14 — Condition and charac- 
 teristics of the grove in 1682 and 1883, 14 — Extent of injury in 
 1882 and 1883, 14 — Preferences of the elm beetles for certain 
 varieties, 15 — Effects of arsenical poisons on insect and plant, 
 15 — Preventive effects of the poison, 16 — Treatment with Lon- 
 don purple, 17 — Preparation of the poison, 17 — Effects of the 
 mixture, 17 — Treatment with Paris green, 18 — Mechanical 
 means of applying the poison, 19. 
 
 The bag-worm, Thyrldopterifx ephemerw/ormis 22 
 
 Habits and natural history 22 
 
 The eggs, 22— The larva and its bag, 23— Pupation, 25 — The 
 • imago or perfect insect, 25. 
 
 Geographical distribution 26 
 
 Food-plants 27 
 
 Enemies 27 
 
 The white-marked tussock-moth, Orgyia leucoatigma 29 
 
 Habits and natural history 29 
 
 The eggs, 29 — Development and characters of the larva, 29 — 
 Habitsof the larva, 30— Pupation, 30— The imago, 30— Hiberna- 
 tion, 31 — Number of annual generations, 31. 
 
 Food-plants 31 
 
 Natural enemies and parasites 31 
 
 Geographical distribution ^3 
 
 The fall web-worm, Bi/jihantria cunea 33 
 
 Natural history 33 
 
 Limitation of broods, 33— The eggs, 34— The larva, 35— Pupa and 
 cocoon, .31')- The moth, 36. 
 
 Injury done in 1886 37 
 
 Proportionate injury to different plants and shade trees 40 
 
 Peculiar tffcct of defoliation upon some plants 42 
 
 Enemies of the web-worm other than insects 43 
 
 Predaceous insect enemies '•■• 
 
 Fungus diseases of the web- worm 46 
 
 Experiments to obtain percentage of diseased caterpillars, 47. 
 
360 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2378. EiLET, C. v.— Continued. 
 Contents — Continued. 
 
 The parasites of the web- worm .. 48 
 
 Telenomus hifidiis Riley, 48 — Meteorus hypliantricB Riley, 49 — Apan- 
 teles liypliantriw Riley, 50 — Limneria pallipes Pro v., 51 — Tachina 
 sp., 52. 
 
 Summary of the habits op the four species 53 
 
 Remedies and preventive measures 55 
 
 Winter work - 55 
 
 One simple preventive remedy for all 55 
 
 Pruning and burning 59 
 
 Mulching 60 
 
 Influence of tree-boxes 60 
 
 Whitewashing of trunks 61 
 
 Birds: The English sparrow 62 
 
 The future OF OUR TREES. Pruning 63 
 
 Trees which are uninjured 64 
 
 Good and bad effects of our trees 64 
 
 Prospects the coming season. Conclusion 65 
 
 Index 67 
 
 2379. EiLEY, O. V. Eemarks on the insect defoliators of our shade- 
 
 trees. <New York, 1887, t-p.-f 12 pp. 
 Report of address made before the New York farmers, 10 March, 1887 ; ravages 
 and means against Gahruca xaiithomelcena, Thyridopteryx ephemercBformis, 
 Orgyia leucostigma and Hypliantria cunea. 
 
 2380. EiLEY, C. V. Variable moulting in Orgyia. <Ent. Mo. Mag., 
 
 May, 1887, v. 23, p. 274. 
 
 The female of Orgyia leucostigma undergoes four molts, the male undergoes 
 three ; tendency of individual larvsa of all orders to vary from the normal 
 number in the species ; whenever there is a discrepancy in size of the sexes 
 the smaller undergoes a less number of molts ; number of molts when 
 not sexual dependent on food supply; molting correlated with rate of 
 growth and nutrition. 
 
 2381. EiLEY, C. V. Pedigree moth-breeding. <Ent. Mo. Mag,, May, 
 
 1887, V. 23, pp. 277-278. 
 Recommends Sericaria mori as the most favorable insect to experiment with ; 
 its tendency to vary under new conditions. 
 
 2382. EiLBY, C. V. Eeports of observations and experiments in tho 
 
 practical work of the division, made under the direction of the 
 entomologist. <Bull. No. 13, Dlv. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric. 
 [3 June], 1887, 78 pp., 4 figs. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction 7 
 
 Report on locusts in Texas in the spring of 1886. By L. Bruner 9 
 
 Fourth report on insects injuring forest and shade trees. By A. S. Pack- 
 ard, jr 20 
 
 Report on Nebraska insects. By L. Bruner 33 
 
 Tests with insecticides on garden insects. By W. B. Alwood 38 
 
 Report on Ohio insects. By W. B. Alwood .- 48 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 361 
 
 2382. Riley, C. V.— Continued. 
 
 Contents — Continued. 
 A record of sonic experiments relating to the eflFect of the puncture of 
 some beuiipterons insects upon shrubs, fruits, and grains, Irttit). By 
 
 F. M. Webster r,4 
 
 Notes from Missouri for the season of 1830. By M. E. Murtfeldt ."iO 
 
 Apicultural experiments. By N. W. McLain fiG 
 
 2383. Riley, C. V. A new apple pest. <Sci. Amer., 18 June, 1887, 
 
 V. 56, p. 384. S.-b. No. 61, p. 50. <Colman's Rural World, L>3 
 June, 1887, v. 40, p. 185. S.-b. No. 61, p. 112. <Gu(lener's 
 Mo. and Hortic, July, 1887, v. 29, p. 210. S.-b. No. 01, p. HI ; 
 138; 148. 
 Food-plants, habits, de8crii)tion of larva and adult of Ilaltica puncli2>cnni8; 
 the species subdued by arsenical poisons. 
 
 2384. Riley, C. V. A destructive cricket in Louisiana. <Florida 
 
 Dispatch, 20 June, 1887, v. 7, p. 576. S.-b. No. 01, pp. 64-65. 
 Reprint : < Insect Life, 2 October, 1888, v. 1, pp. 87-88. 
 
 Ravages and means against Gryllus sp., destructive to cotton, peas, tobacco, 
 sweet and Irish potatoes. 
 
 2385. Riley, C. V. Strawberry borers. <Pacific Rural Press, 25 June, 
 
 1887, V. 33, p. 559. S.-b. No. 61, p. 90 ; No. 63, p. 110. 
 Letter to I, A. Wilcox ; recommends bisulphide of carbon as a means against 
 JEgeria impropria. 
 
 23S6. Riley, C. V. Life-history of the Icerya. <Pacific Rural Press, 
 25 June, 1887, v. 33-34, p. 565; 2 July, p. 9. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 
 60-64, 9 figs. 
 From advance proof of Report of U. S. Commissioner of Agriculture for 1886. 
 See No. 2394 for synopsis of contents. 
 
 2387. [Riley, C. v.] Cut-worms. <Pacific Rural Press, 25 June, 1887, 
 
 Y. 33, p. 578. S.-b. No. 63, p. 108. 
 
 Means against cut-worms. 
 
 2388. Riley, C. V. Reports of observations and experiments in the 
 
 practical work of the division made under the direction of the 
 entomologist. <Bull. No. 14, Div. Ent. U. S. Dent. Agric. 
 [3 August], 1887, 62 pp., 1 pi., 4 figs. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction ^ 
 
 Report on Insects injurious to garden crops in Florida. By W. H. Ash- 
 mead 9 
 
 Report on buflfalo gnats. By F. M. Webster i^J 
 
 Native plums. How to fruit them. They are claimed to be practically 
 
 Curculio-proof. By D. B. Wier 3J 
 
 The Serrell automatic silk-reel. By P. Walker 52 
 
 2389. Riley, C. V. The Icerya or fluted .scale, otherwi.se known as the 
 
 cottony cushion-scale. <Bull. No. 15, Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. 
 Agric. fl8 August], 1887, 40 i)p. <San Diego Union, 16 April, 
 1887. S.-b. No. 01, pp. 90-97. <Los Angeles, 13 April, 1887. 
 
362 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2389. ElLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 S.-b. No. 61, pp. 97-104. <Los Angeles Tribune, 14 April, 
 1887. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 104-111. See : <Pacific Eural Press, 
 23 April, 1887, v. 33, pp. 361-362; 364. S.-b. No. 61, p. 48; No. 
 63, p. 76. <Riversiae Daily Press, 12, 13 April, 1887. S.-b. 
 No. 61, pp. 65-68; No. 63, pp. 98-105. <Press and Horticult- 
 urist, 16 April, 1887. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 74-82. <Florida .Dis- 
 patch, 2 May, 1887, v. 7, pp. 385-388. S.-b. No. 63, pp. 75 ; 77. 
 <Pacific Rural Press, 2 July, 1887, v. 34, p. 9. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Letter of submittal 5 
 
 Introductiou 7 
 
 The scale-insects of the orange in California, and particularly the 
 
 leery a or fluted scale, etc 9 
 
 Notes on Icerya — Its probable origin the Islands of Bourbon and 
 
 Mauritius 27 
 
 The use of gasea against scale-insects 35 
 
 2390. [Riley, C.Y.] [Classification of insects.] <Bntom. Amer., Sep- 
 
 tember 1887, V. 3, p. 102. 
 Comments on the address of J. H. Comstock before the A. A. A. S. 
 2301. [RiLEY, C. v.] [Pronuba and its connection with the pollination 
 of Yticca.] <Entom. Amer., September, 1887, v. 3, pp. 107-108. 
 Record of the results of recent experiments on the pollination of Yucca and 
 the agency of Pronuba in this work. 
 
 2392. Riley, C. V. Beschreibung einer den Birnen schadlichen Gall- 
 
 miicke C? Biplosis nigra Meig.). < Wiener Entomol. Zeit., Sep- 
 tember, 1887, V. 6, pp. 201-206, 3 figs. 
 Discovery of the species in America ; its habits and life-history ; detailed de- 
 scription of all stages ; possible difference between European and American 
 specimens; suggests D. pyrivora for the latter, if distinct. 
 
 2393. Riley, C. V. Some important discoveries in the life-history of 
 
 the hop-plant louse {Phorodon huniuli Schrank). <Soc. for 
 Prom. Agric. Sci., September, 1887, 1, No. 9, p. 205. Reprint: 
 <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 24 September, 1887, v. 24, p. 9781. S.-b. 
 No. 61, pp. 117-119. <Gardener's Mo. and Hortic, October, 
 1887, V. pp. 309-311. S.-b. No. 61, p. 124. 
 R^sum6 of recent discoveries iu the life-history oi Phorodon liumuli ; proof of 
 its migration from plum to hop ; life of the egg on x>lnni iu winter ; spring 
 migration to hop ; number of broods thus far observed ; probable course of 
 later broods. 
 
 2394. Riley, C. Y. Report of the entomologist. < Ann. Rept. [U. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric. for 1886, 1887, pp. 459-592, 11 pi. Sep- 
 arate : <Washington, September, 1887, pp. 459-592 -f 6+9, 11 pi. 
 
 table OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction 459 
 
 Fruit interests of the Pacific coast, 459 — Cottony cushion-scale 
 (Icerya purchasi), 459 — Kerosene emulsions, 459 — Caustic soda 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 363 
 
 2394. Riley, C. V.— Coutinued- 
 
 Table of Contents — Coutiuued. 
 
 aucl caustic potash, 459— Remedy for the California red-seal© 
 {Aspidiotus aitrantii), 4(50— Experimouts made by Mr. Coqnillett 
 and Mr. Kuobelc, 4()0— Emulsifyiiijj oil, 400— Soul bcni butValo 
 gnats, 4G1— Kcsnlts oK iuvestigatious made ou the Southern 
 buffiilo guat and the turkey guat, 4GI— Coiumou fall web-worm 
 {Hyphantria citiiea), 401 — Imported el:u-leaf beetle, 4G1— Spray- 
 ing appliances, 4t!l — AUeruatiou of generation with the joint- 
 worms, 462— Injurious insects of the year, 462— Hop Aphis (PAo- 
 rodon huniuli), 462 — Serrell automatic reel for silk, 462 — Api- 
 cultural htatiou at Aurora, 111., 462— Work of the Division of 
 economic ornithology, 462— International exhibition of ma- 
 chinery and contrivances for applied remedies against fungi 
 and insects at Florence, 464 — Publications of the Division during 
 the year, 464— Proposed publications, 464 — Work of field agents, 
 465 — Office force, 465. 
 Miscellaneous insect ; 466 
 
 The cottony cushion-scale, Icerya purchasi 466 
 
 Introductory, 466 — Geographical distribution, 466— lu Australia, 
 466— In Cape Colony^ 467— In New Zealand, 467— Importation 
 of the species into California, 468 — Its spread and present limi- 
 tation in California, 469— Food-plants, 471 — Original food-plant 
 of Icerya purchasi, 471 — Its food-plants in South Africa, 471— 
 Its food-plants in New Zealand, 472— Its food-plants in Cali- 
 fornia, 472 — Characters and life-history, 474— The egg, 475 — 
 The female larva, first stage, 47.5 — Female larva, second stage, 
 476 — Female larva, third stage, 476 — The adult female, fourth 
 stage, 477 — The egg-sac, 478— The male larva, probable sec- 
 ond stage, 47d — Male larva, third stage, 479 — The male pupa 
 and cocoon, 479— The adult male, 480 — Rate of growth of the 
 different stages, 481 — Habits, 481 — Exudation of the honey- 
 dew, 482 — Mode of spread and distribution, 483 — Natural ene- 
 mies, 484— Birds, 484 — Predaceous insects, 484 — Parasites, 487 — 
 Remedies and preventive measures, 488 — Importation of para- 
 sites, 488 — Preventive action, 489 — Spraying with insecticides, 
 489 — Fumigating, 491 — Bandages around the trunk, 491 — Con- 
 clusion, 491. 
 
 Buffalo gnats 492 
 
 The Southern buffalo gnat, SimuUuni pecuarum 493 
 
 Geographical distribution, 493 — Early history, 493 — Time of ap- 
 pearance, 494 — Duration of an invasion, 494 — Character of a 
 swarm, 495 — Mode of attack, 496 — Animals injured, 497 — Effect 
 of the bites, 497 — IIow animals protect themselves, 498 — Pre- 
 ventives, 499 — Remedies for thebites,. 501 — Att.ickingman, 501 — 
 Damage done in various years, 501 — Popularopinions about the 
 early states of the buffalo gnats, 502— Habits and natural his- 
 tory, 503— The egg, 503— The larva, 505— Habits of the larva), 
 505 — Food of the larva?, 507— Pupa and cocoon, 508— The imago, 
 509_Numberof broods, 509— Enemies of the buffalo gnat, 510 — 
 Descriptive, 511 — SimiiUiim pecuarum n. sp., 512— 5imu/i«iB me- 
 ridionah n. sp., 513— Remedies tried and proposed against the 
 larvae, 514 — Overflows and buffalo gnats, 515. 
 
364 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2394. EiLEY, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Takle of Coxtexts — Continued. 
 
 The fall web- worm, Hypliantria cunea 518 
 
 Natural history, 518 — Limitation of broods, 518 — The egg9,519 — 
 The larvae, 519 — Pupa and cocoon, 520 — The moth, 520 — Injury 
 done in 1886, 521 — Proportionate injury to different plants and 
 shade trees, 522 — Peculiar effect of defoliation upon some 
 plants, 525 — Enemies of the web-worm other than insects, 
 525 — Predaceous insect enemies, 520 — Fungus disease of the 
 web-worm, 527 — Experiments to obtain percentage of diseased 
 caterpillars, 529 — True parasites of the web-worm, 530 — Sec- 
 ondary parasites, 530 — The Telenomus egg-parasite, 531 — The 
 Meteorus parasite of the web- worm, 531 — The Microgaster par- 
 asite of the web-worm, 533 — The Limneria parasite of the web- 
 worm, 534 — The Tachina parasite of the web-worm, 534 — Rem- 
 edies, 535 — Pruning and burning, 535 — Mulching, 536 — Arsen- 
 ical poisons, 536 — Emulsions of kerosene, 538 — Naphtha, 538. 
 
 Joint-worms, Isosoma sp 539 
 
 The common joint-worm, 539 — Its occurrence in Virginia in 1885, 
 539 — Other recent aj)pearances, 540 — Its identity with /. nigrum 
 Cook, 541 — Parasites, 542 — The wheat-straw Isosoma, 542 — 
 Dimorphism of I. Mtici and /. grande, 543 — Occurs in California, 
 544— In Kansas, 545 — Parasites, 546. 
 
 Silk CULTURE 546 
 
 Appropriations for the cuixent year, 546 — Establishment of a fil- 
 ature at Washington, 546 — Osage orange vs. mulberry, 546 — 
 Rendition of osage cocoons, 547 — Mr. Serrell's opinion, 547 — 
 Satinage, 547 — The Serrell reel ; cost of work up to the present 
 time, 548 — Expenses tabulated, 548 — Chances for improvement, 
 549 — Distribution of eggs, 549 — Reasons for purchasing foreign 
 . 6ggs, 549 — Improper choking of cocoons, 550 — A simple appa- 
 
 ratus for choking, 551 — Cocoons produced in the United States 
 in 1886, 551— Tabulated by States, 552. 
 
 Report of agents 552 
 
 Report on remedies for the cottony cushion-scale. By D. W. Co- 
 
 quillett 552 
 
 "Letter of transmittal, 552 — General considerations, 553 — Caustic 
 potash, 554— -Caustic soda, 555 — Hard soap, 555 — Soft soap, 555 — 
 Kerosene emulsions, 556 — Tobacco, 556 — Sheep dij>, 557 — To- 
 bacco soap, 557 — Vinegar, 557 — Paris green, 557. 
 Repoift upon supplementary experiments on the cottony cushion- 
 scale, followed by a report on experiments on the red-scale. 
 
 By A. Koebele 558 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 558 — Introductory, 558 — Soap solutions, 
 558 — Preparation of soap, 559 — Resin compounds, 559 — Lye so- 
 lution, 560 — Bisulphide of carbon, 560 — Kerosene emulsion, 
 560 — Experiments, 560 — Experiments on fumigation with bi- 
 sulphide of carbon, 569 — Experiments on red-scale {Aspidlotus 
 aHra«<n),569. 
 
 Insects affecting small grains and grasses. By F. M. Webster . 573 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 573. 
 
 Insects affecting fall wheat 573 
 
 The wheat-straw Isosovaa. {Isosoma tritid, Riley), 573 — The Amer- 
 ican Meromyza (Meromyza americana, Fitch), 574 — The com- 
 panion wheat fly {Oscinisf sp.), 574. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 365 
 
 2394. Riley, C. V.— Contiuued. 
 Table of Contents— Continued. 
 
 Insects affecting barley _,_ 575 
 
 The wbite-grub (Laclaiostenia fimca, Frohl.), r)7r)-Tlio barley 
 root-louse (•^'^c/iiroiieum ep.), 575— The grain Aphis (5i>/(onoj»/iom 
 avencF, Fab.), 576. 
 Insects frequenting or depredating upon buckwheat 576 
 
 Supposed exemption from insects, 576— Mode of ol>8ervation, 
 57(5— Signification of symbols, 576— List of insects, 576. 
 Insects alfecting timothy, 578. 
 
 The glassy cut- worm {Eadcna devasiatrix, Brace), 57rf— Outbreak 
 in Indiana in 1886, 578— Doubt as to species concerned, 578 — 
 Method of work, 579— Traveling, 579— Parasites, 579— Damage, 
 580— Condition of fields in October, 580— The grain Spheno- 
 phorus (Sphenojjhorus parvulua, Gyll.), 580. 
 Insects affecting white-clover 580 
 
 The flavescent clover weevil (Sitones fiuvescens, Ailard), 580— 
 Infests alsike, 580— Mode of attack, 580— Distribution, 580— 
 Eggs and larv;e, 580— Hibernation, 580— Summary of life-his- 
 tory, 581 — The clover-stem maggot (Oscinis sp.), 582— Descrip- 
 tive, 581 — Time and place of oviposition, 581 — Number of 
 broods, 581. 
 Report on experiments in apiculture. By N. W. McLain 583 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 583 — The "quaking disease," 583 — Nature 
 of the disease, 583 — Odor of infested hives, 583— Treatment 
 with brine and soda, 583 — Another form of the disease, 584 — 
 The foul-brood disease, 584 — It is contagious, 584 — Live pollen 
 the medium, 584 — Treatment, 584 — Results of treatment, 585 — 
 How the disease spreads, 587 — The control of reproduction, 
 587 — Difficulties, 587 — Experiments in 1885, 588 — Device for 
 holding the queen, 588 — Differences in drones, 589 — Proportion 
 of impotent individuals, 5c9 — Mr. Baldwin's experiments at 
 Clarksville, Mo., 589 — Comments, 590 — Fertilization in con- 
 finement, 590 — Apparatus, 590 — Results of experiments, 590 — 
 Proposed experiments, 591. 
 
 2395. Riley, C. V. The Hessian-fly in England ; -its origin ; its past; 
 
 its future. <London Times, 17 October, 1887. S.b. No. 61, 
 pp. 144-147. 
 Date of the introduction of Ceddomyia destructor into England; probability 
 that it has been introduced from continental Europe since the time of 
 Curtis; conditions in Great Britain unfavoraljle for its increase. 
 
 2396. R'lLEY, C. V. The problem of the hop plant louse fully solved. 
 
 <Gardener's Chronicle, 22 October, 1887. S.-b. No. 61, i)p. 
 133-135. Reprint: <Mark Lane E.\i)re.ss, 31 October, 1887, v. 
 57, pp. 135-137. S.-b. No. 63, pp. 136-140. 
 Life-history, migrations, aud mode of hil)ernatii>n of Phorodon humiili. 
 
 2397. Riley, C. V. On the luminous larviform females of the Phengo- 
 
 dini. <Ent. Uo. Mag., [December], 1887, v. 24, pp. 148-14!). 
 
 Structural characters of the larval Pliengodini : food of Zarhipix ; iliaraiters 
 of eggs, young larv:e, and female lai-va' of Zarh'tpis and I'hengodvs; female 
 Phengodini considered an archetypal hexapodal form ; relations between 
 phosphorescence and differentiation of the sexes. 
 
366 BIBLIOGEAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2398. EiLEY, C. V. [Introduction of the Hessian-fly into England.] 
 
 <Traus. Ent. Soc. London, [December], 1887, i>p. 45-48, Proc. 
 DiscussioQ of the date of iatroduction of Cecidomyia destructor into America 
 and England; concludes from a study of the historical evidence, the dis- 
 tribution and parasites of the insect, that it was probably introduced into 
 England about three or four years ago. 
 
 2399. Riley, C. V. Poisonous insects. <Reference Handbook of tbe 
 
 Medical Sciences, 1887, v. 5, pp. 741-760, figs. 2971-3020. 
 
 An exhaustive illustrative review of the Arachnida, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda 
 which secrete a poison injurious to man ; descriptions of their life-histories ; 
 the manner in which the injury is inflicted and the remedies for the same. 
 
 2400. Riley, C. V. Tbe problem of tbe hop-plant louse [PJiorodon 
 
 humuli, Scbrauk] in Europe and America. <Rept. Brit. Assoc. 
 Adv. Sci., 1887, pp. 750-753. Separate: <pp. 1-3. See: 
 < Nature, 13 October, 1887, v. 36, pp. 566-567. <Gardener's 
 Chronicle, 17 September, 1887. S.-b. No. 61, pp. 333-334. 
 Life-habits of Phorodon humuli; effects of extreme heat and of meterological" 
 conditions ; natural enemies and means against the Phorodon. 
 
 2401. Riley, 0. V. On Icerya purchasi, an insect injurious to fruit 
 
 trees. <Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1887, p. 767. Separate: 
 <p. 1. See : <Nature, 20 October, 1887, v. 36, p. 592. 
 Summary statement of food-plants, original home, synonomy, and means 
 against Icerya purchasi. • 
 
 2402. Riley, C. V. On the luminous larviform females in the Phengo- 
 
 clini. <Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1887, pp. 760-761. Sep- 
 arate: <pp. 1-2. See: <Entom. Amer., September, 1887, v. 3, 
 p. 107. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1887 [May, 1888], v. 30, 
 p. 262. 
 R6sum6 of facts relating to the history, characters, and life-habits of the 
 luminous larviform females in the Phengodini ; bearing of these facts on 
 the theory of evolution. 
 
 2403. Riley, C. V. [Scale on Euonymus latifoUa'^i] <Sci. Amer., 14 
 
 January, 1888, v. 58, p. 27. S.-b. No. 61, p. 148. 
 Means against Chionaspis euonynii and other Coccidce', formulae of kerosene 
 emulsions. 
 
 2404. [Riley, C. Y.] [Larval habits of Lixus.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 
 
 [13 March], 1888, v. 1, p. 33. 
 Lixus macer bred from stems of Chenopodium hybridum and from Heliantkua; 
 larva of L. jtarcus a gall producer on stems of Amelanchier. 
 
 2405. [RiLEY, C. v.] [Girdling habits of Pcedisca ohfnscata.] <Proc. 
 
 Ent. Soc. Wash., |13 March], 1888, v. 1, p. 33. 
 Larva of P. ob/iiscata spins a web over the oriiice at the amputated end. 
 
 2406. [Riley, C. Y.] [Early stages of ApJiorista vittafa and JEpipocus 
 
 punctatus.] <Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., [13 March], 1888, v. 1, 
 p. 37. 
 Comparative characters between corresponding stages of the two species. 
 
•BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 367 
 
 2407. [KiLEY, C. v.] [Food-babits of Feniseca tarquinim.] <Proc. 
 
 Eiit. Soc. Wash., [13 March], 1888, %» 1, p. 37. 
 
 List ut' Aphididw preyed upou by larvm of/', tarquinius. 
 
 2408. [Riley, C. V.| Notes on Phengodcs aud Zarhipis. <Proc. Eiit. 
 
 Soc. Wash., [13 March], 1888, v. 1, pp. 02-03. 
 Structural characters of the luminous larv:e of riuti;/odvn aud Zarhipin aud of 
 au nanamed form from Nevada; difference between the perfect female aud 
 
 the larva. 
 
 I 
 
 2409. [Riley, C. Y.J [Trees injured by si)i(ler,s.] <Proc. Eirt. Hoc. 
 
 Wash., [13 March], 1S8S, v. 1, p. 84. 
 Growth of trees retarded by spider-webs. 
 
 2410. [Riley, C. V.] [Remarks on exhibited specimens.] <Proc. Ent. 
 
 Soc. Wash., [13 March], 1888, v. 1, p[). 84-80. 
 
 1. Notes on the life-habits of JUijeriidw. Habits and early stages of MeliUia 
 gloriosa, Sciapteron robinice,Phemome 5-caudata, J^geria impropria, A. albicor- 
 7iis, and A. pyri. 
 
 2. Color variation in the larva of Agraulia vaniUw. Coloratioual variation 
 between eastern and western larvie of A. vanillcv. 
 
 3. Miscellaneous insects. Food-plants of Eumenia atala and Cloantha derupta; 
 habitat of Dendrotettix quercus n. g. et ep. 
 
 2411. Riley, C. V. Further notes on Phengodes and Zarliipis. <Proc. 
 
 Ent. Soc. Wash., [13 March], 1888, v. 1, pp. 80-87. 
 Comparative characters of the larviE of Phengoden aud Zarhipis ; life-habits 
 and metamorphoses of the same ; coloration.d aud struct nral characters of 
 the larva and larviform female of Zarhipis; description of the egj^s of Zar- 
 hipis. 
 
 2412. [Riley, C. V.] [Remarks on exhibited specimens.] <Proc. Ent. 
 
 Soc. Wash., [13 March], 1888, v. 1, pp. 87-89. 
 
 1. Notes on the eversible glands in larviE of Orgyia and Parorgyia, witli notes 
 on the synonomy of species. Presence of glands, probatily scent orgaus, iu 
 the larviB of Orgyia and Parorgyia; syuonomy aud food-plants of some spe- 
 cies of Parorgyia. 
 
 2. Further remarks on Phengodes. Comparative characters of larva and 
 larviform females of Phengodes laticoUis. 
 
 3. Interesting Lepidoptera. Characters of 52/nfomei(?a8p., and of au undeter- 
 mined moth. 
 
 2413. RiLEY, C. V. The British pest. Worth lessness of the sparrow 
 
 as an insect-killer. <National Tribune, 20 April, 1888. 
 Result of the exumiuation of the stomach contents of 'vli sparrows, of whicli 
 92 only, or 17,-,, per teut., contained insects, a hirge proportion of these be- 
 ing innoxious or actually benehcial species; review of recorded observa- 
 tions in North America. 
 
 2414. PtiLEY, G. V. Elm-tree depredators. < Newark [N. J.] Press 
 
 and Register, 10 May, 1888. 
 Report of an address before the Newark Board of Trade ; life-history aud 
 means against Galeruca xanthomelwna. 
 
 2415. RiLE\',C. V. On the original habitat of /cer//apMr6'Art.v?*. <Pacific 
 
 Rural Press, 12 May, 1888, v. 3.j, p. 425. 
 Australia probably the true home of Icerya purchasi; its distinctnesa from 
 /. sacchari. 
 
368 BIBLIOGEAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY.- 
 
 2416. EiLEY, C. Y. The buffalo-gnat problem in the lower Mississippi 
 
 Valley. Abstract: <Proc. A.mer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1887, 
 [May], 1888, v. 30, p. 362. 
 Result of late iuvestigatious on species of Simulium. 
 
 2417. EiLEY, 0. V. Systematic relations of PZati/;)s?/?^ws, as determined 
 
 by the larva. <Sci. Amer. Suppl., 2 June, 1888, v. 25, pp. 10350- 
 
 10358, 4 figs. 
 Review of the literature concerning the systematic position of PlatypsiiUus 
 ■ castoris; additional facts confirming G. H. Horn's view of the coleopterous 
 
 nature of the insect. 
 
 2418. EiLEY, G. V. Eeport of the entomologist. <Ann. Eept. [TJ. S.] 
 
 Commissioner Agric. for 1887, 1888, pp. 48-179, 8 pi. Separate: 
 < Washington: June, 1888, pp. 48-179+6, 8 pi. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction 48 
 
 Damage by the chinch-bug, 48 — Codling-moth, 48 — Hop Aphis, 
 48 — Work of Division in regard to silk-culture in the past year, 
 49 — Recent experiments on the fluted or cottony cushion-scale 
 of California, 49 — Hydrocyanic acid gas and arseniuretted hydro- 
 gen, 49 — Possible introduction into California of the parasites of 
 Icerya from Australia, 50 — Recent experiments on other scale- 
 insects, 50 — Professor Osbora's report on the more important in- 
 sects of the seasoa in Iowa, on the chinch-bug, ou hop insects in 
 Wisconsin, 50 —Mr. Bruner's report, 50 — Mr. Webster's report on 
 the southern buffalo-gnat, 50 — The year as a whole one of com- 
 parative immunity, 50 — Apiculture, 50. 
 The chinch-bug, Blissus leucopterus. By L. O. Howard 51 
 
 Introductory, 51 — Past history, 51— Earliest appearance, 52 — First 
 described by Say, 52 — Called "Mormon louse " in Illinois in 1840, 
 52 — First recorded appearance iu Missouri, Iowa, Indiana, and 
 Wisconsin, 52 — Its damage in the years 1864 and 1868, 52 — Esti- 
 mates of loss in 1871, 52 — Great injury in 1874 iu Missouri and ad- 
 joiniug States, 52 — First injurious appearance in New York in 
 1882, 53 — Damage in succeeding years, 53 — Geographical distri- 
 bution, 53 — Indigenous east of the Rocky Mountains, north and 
 south, 53— States in which it does the greatest damage, 53 — In 
 Cuba, 54 — West of the Rocky Mountains, 54 — Specimens from 
 California and Mexico, 55 — Injury during 1887, 55 — Review of 
 localities and damage this season by the statistician of the De- 
 partment, 55 — Table showing losses in States most damaged, 56 — 
 Summary of counties in these States, 57 — Food-plauts, 57 — Cul- 
 tivated grains and cultivated and wild grasses, 57 — Rice, 58 — Poly- 
 gonum, 58 — Stages of growth — Descriptive, 59 — Egg, 59 — Larval 
 stages, 59— Pupa, 59— Imago, 59— Original description, 59— Le 
 Baron's description, 59 — Fitch's varieties, 60 — Riley's variety 
 melanosus, 60 — A new variety, 60 — Number of broods and hiber- 
 nation, 60— First accurate statement, 60— Hibernation, 60— Influ- 
 ence of severe cold, 61— Odor reveals hiding places, 62— Habits, 
 62— Flight, 62— Oviposition, 62— Young larvae, 63— Growth, 63— 
 Migration, 63— Habits on corn, 64— Preparations for hibernation, 
 64 — Erroneous statement as to oviposition, 65 — Exceptional 
 habits, 65 — Natural enemies and diseases, 65 — Insect enemies, 65 — 
 No true internal insect parasite yet known, 65 — A possible hair- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 369 
 
 2418. Relet, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 The ciiixch-bug— Continued. 
 
 worm parasite, 05 — Lady-bird enemies, 65 — Weeping lace- 
 winged fly, Gti — True bugs wbich prey upon it, G6 — luefficacy of 
 lady-bugs when plant-lice are present, 66 — Vertebrate enemies, 
 67 — Common quail, 67 — Other birds, 67 — Quail laws, 67 — Diseases, 
 68 — Dr. Shimer's account of his observations on the epidemic in 
 1865, 68 — Professor Forbes' investigations, Gi) — Hisstudies of bac- 
 terial diseasesof other insects, 70 — Professor Riley 'a comments, 70 — 
 Wet weather and chinch-bug, 71 — Professor Forbes' experiments, 
 71 — Comments, 71 — Wet weather and the disease, 72 — Dr. Thomas' 
 theory, 72 — Professor Riley's comments, 73 — An anonymous pre- 
 diction, 73 — Table of temperature and raiu-fall in North Carolina, 
 74 — Official records of precipitation in chinch-bug States for 1885, 
 1886, and 1887, 74 — Remedies and preventives, 75 — Earlier recom- 
 mendations, 75 — Preventions, 75 — Clean cultivation, 75 — Diver- 
 sified farming, 75 — Rotation of crops, 76 — Early sowing and ma- 
 nuring, 76 — Rolling, 76 — Sowing an unattractive crop with 
 wheat, 76 — Direct winter remedies, 77 — Burning, 77— Fall plow- 
 ing and harrowing, 77 — Gas lime, 77 — Trapping, 77— Trampling, 
 77 — Direct summer remedies before migration, 77 — Irrigation, 
 78 — Burning, 78 — Prevention of migration — Direct remedies dur- 
 ing and after migration, 79 — Ditching, 79 — Tarred boards or tar 
 alone, 80 — Sowing strips of plants distasteful to the bugs around 
 the fields to be protected, 80 — Sowing strips of favored food 
 arouud the fields to be protected, 80 — Hot water and soap-suds, 
 80 — Kerosene emulsion, 80 — Professor Forbes' experiments, tjl — 
 Mr. Hubbard's formula, 81— Professor Atkinson's test, 81 — Pro- 
 fessor Osborn's experiments, 82 — Mr. Warren's letter, 83— Bogus 
 chinch-bugs, 83 — Falsechiuch-bug, 83— Insidious flower-bug, 84 — 
 Ash-gray leaf-bug, 84 — Flea-like negro-bug, 84 — Bibliographical 
 list. 84. 
 The codling-moth, Carpocapsa pomonella. By L. O. Howard 88 
 
 Introductory, 88— Remarks on the bibliography, 8S— Geographical 
 distribution, 89 — Date of introduction into America, 89 — The in- 
 sect popularly described, 89— Larva, 89— Cocoon, 89— Moth, 90— 
 Habits and natural history, 90— Broods, 90— Its round of life, 90— 
 Irregularity of development, 91— Number of larva; in a single 
 apple, 91 — Larva' of the second generation, 91 — Hibernation in 
 the larval state, 92— Apparent exception to this rule, 92— Cocoons 
 found in apple barrels, 92— Habits of the insect in the North of 
 Germany, 92— Food-plants, 92— Stone fruits of the Rosacea' less 
 infested, 92— European records of its occurrence in walnuts and 
 oak-galls, 92— A closely allied species known to feed upon wal- 
 
 • nuts, 94— Natural enemies, 94— Birds, 94— A hair-worm parasite, 
 94— True hymenopterous parasites, 94— Predaccous iu'^ects which 
 feed upon the larvae and pupa>, 95 — Remedies, 95— The destruc- 
 tion of windfalls— feeding and trampling— the use of sheep and 
 hogs, 96 — Jarring or picking infested fruit from the trees, 96— 
 Killing the moth, 97— Miss Walton's observations, 97— Mr. De 
 Long's observations, 97— Capture of the moth with baits, 98— 
 Insect-catching flowers, 98— Summary of the question of attract- 
 ing the moth, 98— Quotations from Professor Riley's Fourth Mis- 
 souri Report, 99— Attraction of moth impractical, 99— Trapping 
 the worm— bandages, shingle traps, etc., 100— "Trimble hay. 
 
370 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 2418. EiLEY, C. v.— Coutinued. 
 
 The codling-moth — Continued. v 
 
 band system," 100— Professor Riley's roles concerning this sys- 
 tem, 100— The Wier shingle trap, 101— Cloth bands, 101— Dr. 
 Chapin's work in California in 18:2, 102— Spraying the trees with 
 arsenical mixtures, 103 — Professor Cook's statements, 103 — Pro- 
 fessor Forbes' conclusions from his experiments in 1885, 104— Mr. 
 Golf's experiments at Geneva, N. Y., during 1885, 106— Supple- 
 mentary conclusions by Professor Forbes, 106 — Mr. Alwood's ex- 
 periments in Ohio the past season, 109— Results, 110 — Mr. Cush- 
 man's letter. 111 — The consideration of these poisons in Califor- 
 nia, 111— Time of day for spraying, 112 — Notice of Mr. Dixon's 
 paper, 113 — Apparatus for applying the arsenical mixtures, 114. 
 Silk-culture — Report of the year's operations. By Philip Walker 115 
 Distribution of silk-worm eggs, 115 — European egg-producers, 115 — 
 The establishment of Signor Susanl, of Milan, 115— Deydier es- 
 tablishment at Aubeuas, France, 117 — Mulberry trees, 117— The 
 Cattaneo nurseries, 117 — Experimental stations, 118 — The Royal 
 Sericultural Experimental Statiou at Padua, 118— Experimental 
 silk filature at Washington, 119— Production and purchase of 
 cocoons, 120 — Co-operating organizations, 122. 
 Reports of agents 123 
 
 Report on the gas treatment for scale-insects. By D. W. 
 
 Coquillett 123 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 123— The gas treatment for scale-insects, 
 123— Extract from Mr. Craw's paper, 124— Results of Dr. Dim- 
 mock's experiments on various insects with pure gases, 125 — The 
 tent, 126— Apparatus for operating the tent, 126— The McMullen 
 tent, 126— The Wolfskill fumigator, 127— The Titus fumigator, 
 128— The Culver fumigator, 129— The gas, 129— The dry cyanide 
 process, 129— The dry gas process, 130— The cyanide and soda 
 process, 131— Remarks, 132— Agitating the air in the tent, 133 — 
 Experiments, 134 — ludex to experiments, 142. 
 
 Report on experiments against scale-insects. By Albert Koebele 143 
 Letter of submittal, 143— The value of arsenic as an addition to 
 the kerosene emulsion, 143— Results of various experiments with 
 resin compound, 143 — Experiments with resin compound, 146 — 
 Experiments on Aphididoe with resin compound, 146. 
 
 Report on the season's observations in Indiana, and espe- 
 cially upon corn insects By F. M. Webster 147 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 147— The twelve-spotted Diabrotica, 148— The 
 corn plant-louse, 148— Corn bill-bug. lid—Myochrous denticollia, 
 l50— Flea-beetles, 150— The greasy cut-worm, 150— Ants, 150— 
 Drasterius dorsalis (?), 151— Chinch bug, irA—Corticaria piunila, 
 151 — Calatlms gregarius (Say) versus the Colorado potato-beetle, 
 151 — A new enemy to the bean and cow-pea, 152 — The straw- 
 berry saw-fly, 152 — Wheat wire-worm, 153. 
 
 Report upon the insects of the season in Iowa. By Herbert 
 
 Osborn 154 
 
 Letter of transmittal, 154 — The turf web-worm or sod- worm, 154 — 
 Extracts from crop report, 155 — Habits and life-history, 156— De- 
 scription of different stages, 158— Remedies, 159 — Natural ene- 
 mies, 160 — Other mention of the species and related forms, 160 — 
 The wheat-head army-worm, 160— Extracts from Iowa crop re- 
 port, Ifc'O— Blister beetles, 161 — The false chinch-bug, 162 — 
 Notes on miscellaneous insects, 162. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 371 
 
 2418. Ril:ey, C. v.— Continued. 
 
 Keport ox the season's observations in Nebraska. By Law- 
 rence Brmier 
 
 • — • 164 
 
 Letter of eubinittal, ir,4-Introduct,io.i, KU-Colora.lo potato- 
 beetle, U)4-Chinch-bug, 16r.-Cau8C8 of increase, 1(^5 -Locusts 
 167-Cabbage insects, 168-The codliuK-niotb, 168- Forest-tree 
 insects. 1(38-Tbe American Cimbex, 161>-0tber insects 170 
 Report on experimknts in apiculture. By N. W. McLain . no 
 
 Letter of submittal. 170 -Diseases of bees, 171 -Bacillus alvei 
 (Cheshire), 174— Quotations from Professor Cheshire, 172— Treat- 
 ment, 174-StarTod brood. 174-Symptom8, 175-Remedy, 175— 
 The control of reproduction, 175. 
 
INDICES TO PARTS I, II, AND III. 
 
 SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF THE NEW NAMES PROPOSED BY B. D. 
 WALSH AND BY WALSH AND RILEY. 
 
 [The Walsh and Riley names are followed by W. & R. The first number following 
 the name refers to the number of the paper in the list, the second to the page where 
 the species is first described. As is well known, the Walsh collection was destroyed 
 in the Chicago fire in October, 1H71. A few of the types sent to Drs. Hagen and 
 Riley are in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge 
 and the National Museum at Washington. Those at Cambridge are indicated by a *, 
 those at Washington by **.] 
 
 ARACHNID A. 
 
 ACARINA. 
 
 Acaridm. 
 
 Acarua pruni-crmnena, 373 ; 43. 
 
 8.-a;nigma (Cecidomyia), 46; 608. 
 8.-8emen (Cecidomyia),46j 606. 
 
 MYRIAPODA. 
 
 CHIL0G5ATHA. 
 
 lulidce. 
 
 Cambalamaltistriatns (lalns), 193 ; 34 = a 
 lata, Say. 
 
 HEXAPODA. 
 
 PSKUDONEUBOPTEKA. 
 
 Ptoeidfe. 
 
 Psocua amabilis, 24 ; 362.* 
 
 bifasciatus, 39 ; 183.* 
 confluons, 39; 185. 
 conterminus, 39; 185.* 
 geologns, 24; 362.*> 
 lichenatu-s, 39 ; 183.* . 
 
 madescena, 39; 186.* 
 permadidus, 39; 185.* 
 perplexus, 24; 361.* 
 poUutus. 24 ; 361.* 
 puras, 24; 361.* 
 rufu3, 39; 185. 
 semistriatns, 24; 361.* 
 Perlidce. 
 Acrououra rupinsulensis, 24 ; 363.* 
 Chloroperla brannipeDniH, 24 ; 367.* 
 
 fumipennis (Perla), 24 ; 366.* 
 nana; 24; 367.* 
 
 PeWtd<B— Continued. 
 
 Perla decipiona, 24 ; 364.* 
 elongata, 24; 36G.*' 
 flaveacens, 24 ; 363.* » 
 prodncta, 24; 365.* 
 variana, 24; 364.* 
 Ephemeridce, 
 
 Baetis sicca, 24 ; 371.*' 
 Baetiaca, 24; 378. 
 Cloe diibia, 24 ; 380.*' 
 
 ferruginea, 24 ; 379.* 
 fluctiiaiis, 21 ; 379.* 
 mendax, 24; 381.* 
 Epbemera flaveola, 24 ; 377.* 
 myo])s, 39; 207.* 
 Kphemerella, 24 ; 377. 
 
 conaimilia, 24 ; 378. 
 excruciana, 24; 377.*' 
 Heptagenia, 39 ; 197. 
 
 cruentata, 39; 205.* 
 maculipi'UDia, 39 ; 206. 
 Bimplex, 39; 204.* 
 Hexagonia, 39; 197. 
 Palingenia flavoacena, 24 ; 373." 
 piilciu'lla, 24 ; 375.*' 
 temiinata, 24 ; 370.*' 
 vittigera, 24 ; 373.* 
 Pentagon ia, 39 ; 196. 
 
 iiua<lripunctata,39; 198. 
 Potanianthua ? odoiiatua, 24 ; 372. 
 Siplihirua iutorliutata (Baetis), 39; 190 = 
 feniorata. Say. 
 Odonatu. 
 
 Agrion binotatum, 24 ; 387.* 
 dtutiforum, 39 ; 236.* 
 bageni, 24; 386. 39; 234.*' 
 
 ' Alao in the National Museum. 
 
 373 
 
374 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 Odonata — Contlnned. 
 
 Cordulia ? niolesta, 39 ; 254. 
 Gomphus amnicola, 24; 396.*' 
 
 consobrinus, 39; 242.* 
 
 flavialis, 24; 394.*" 
 
 grasilinellus, 24 ; 394.*' 
 
 quadricolor, 39; 246. 
 
 vastus, 24; 391.*> 
 
 ventricosus, 39 ; 249. 
 Herpetogomplius ? rupinsuleusis, 24 ; 388. 
 Hetaerina pseudamericana, 39 ; 223.* 
 
 rnpamnensis, 39; 230.*' 
 
 rupinanlensis, 24 ; 383. 
 
 scelerata, 39 ; 267. 
 
 texana, 39 ; 227. 
 Lestes in;cqualis, 24 ; 385. 
 Macrogomphua ? spiniceps, 24 ; 389. 
 Macromia flavipennis, 24 ; 398. 
 
 illinoiensis, 24 ; 397. 
 Ophiogomphus mainenaia, 39 ; 255. 
 Orthopteka. 
 Phasvvidce. 
 
 Diapheromera velii, 45 ; 410.* 
 
 HEMU'TERA. 
 
 Coceidce. 
 
 Cliionaapia harrisii (Aspidiotus), 2; 308**=: 
 furfurus, Fitch, 
 salicis-nigra) (Aspidiotus), 373;. 
 40 = aalicia, Linn. 
 Pnlvinaria acericola (Locanium) W. & E., 389 ; 
 14**==innumerabilis, Eath. 
 macluraj (Lecanium) W. & E., 389 ; 
 ]4 = innumerabili8, Kath. 
 Aphididce. 
 
 Aphis beUa, 27 ; 299.* 
 
 carduella, 27 ; 300. 
 qaercifoliaj, 27 ; 298. 
 Byrsocrypta pseudobjTsa, 27 ; 306. 
 vagabunda, 27 ; 306.*» 
 Calaphis, 27 ; 301. 
 
 betulella, 27; 301.* 
 Pemphigus formicariua, 27 ; 308. 
 
 formicetorum, 27 ; 308.* 
 ulmi-fusus W. & E., 518; 109.* 
 Pbylloxeriv carvie-globuli, 27; 309.*' 
 
 caryfB - s e m o n (Dactylosphajra) 
 373; 23.* 
 Schizoneura cornicola (Eriosoma?), 27; 304. 
 fungicola (Eriosoma?), 27; 3U4. 
 Jaisidce. 
 
 Chloroneura, 22 ; 4*^ Empoasca.Walsh. 
 Empoa albicans, 22 ; 4. 
 Empoasca, 22 ; 3. 
 
 abnormis (Chloroneura), 22 ; 4. 
 
 conaobrina, 22 ; 4. 
 
 malefica (Chloroneura), 22 ; 4 == 
 
 viridtiscena, Wal ah. 
 maligna (Chloroneura), 22; 4 = ob- 
 
 tusa, Walsh, 
 obtusa, 22 ; 4. 
 virideacens, 22 ; 3. 
 Brythronenra australis, 22 ; 4. 
 octonotata, 22 ; 4. 
 ziczac, 22 ; 4. 
 
 Jassidoe — C ontinued. 
 
 Typhlocyba aurea, 22 ; 3. 
 
 binotata, 22 ; 3. 
 pallid ula, 22; 3. 
 Tingitidce. 
 
 Gargaphia amorphaB (Tingis), 45; 409.** 
 tilise (Tingis), 45; 408.** 
 
 COLKOPTERA. 
 
 Scolytida;. 
 
 Scolytus fagi, 220 ; 58. 
 Calandridce. 
 
 Sphenophorus zeae, 337 ; 117** = sculptilis 
 Uhler. 
 Curculio7iid(B. 
 
 Anthonomna cratoegi, 197 ; 266. 
 
 syncophanta, 197 ; 265. 
 tessellata, 197 ; 207. 
 Apion languinosum, 197; 269 =:walshii, Smith. 
 Coccotorus prunicida (Anthonomua), 33; 372 
 
 = Scutellaria, Lee. 
 Conotrachelus cratasgi, 35 ; 37. 
 
 puncticollis, 34 j 21. 
 Chrysomelidce. 
 
 Fidia viticida, 272 ; 87.** 
 
 Phyaonota 5-punctata (Caaaida) "W. & R. 
 767 ; 4**;:= unipunctata, Say. 
 
 DiPTEKA. 
 Trypetidce. 
 
 Trypeta pomonella, 373 ; 33.** 
 Anthomyidce. 
 
 Homalomyia leidyi, 382; 138. ' 
 
 prunivora, 382 ; 138. 
 wilaoni, 382 ; 138. 
 Tachinidce. 
 
 Nemoraea militaris (Senometopia) 6; 367**=^ 
 leucaniae Kirkp. 
 Syrphidce. 
 
 Pipiza radicum "W. & E., 495; 83** = ? femo- 
 ralia Loew. 
 Midaidoe. 
 
 Midaa fulvipes, 46; 306. 
 Cecidomyidce. 
 
 Cecidomyia albovittata, 40 ; 621.* 
 cornuta, 46 ; 625. 
 crataegi-bedeguar, 376 ; 79. 
 orbitalis, 40 ; 623. 
 q-piluliB (Cynipa), 41; 481. 
 8. -batatas, 46; 601.**' 
 ' s.-brassicoidea, 46 ; 577.**' 
 
 s.-cornu, 46; 570. 197; 224. 
 s.-coryloides, 46; 588.* 
 8.-gnaphaliodes, 46; 583.* 
 s.-hordeoides, 46 ; 599. 
 8.-nodulu8, 46 ; 599.* 
 s.-rhodoides, 46 ; 586.* 
 s.-siliqna, 40; 591.** 
 s.-strobili3CUS,46 ; 582. 197; 323. 
 8.-strobiloidea, 46 ; 580. 
 s.-triticoide.s, 46 ; 598.*« 
 8.-veri'uca, 46; 606. 
 v.-coryloides W. & R., 518 ; 107.** 
 v.-pomum W. <fc R., 518 ; 106.** 
 Diplosis annulipes, 46 ; 629. 
 atricoruia, 46 ; 028. 
 
 1 Alao in the 24^ational Maseam. 
 
 * The pages refer to the separate. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 375 
 
 Hidaxdce — Continued. 
 
 atrocularis, 46; 62(5. 
 doccm-inaculatii, 4G ; 631. 
 helianthibnlla. 197: 228. 
 septem-niaculata, 46 ; 6:(1. 
 
 LEPIDOPa'ERA. 
 Tortrieid(e. 
 
 tirapholitlia prunivora (Seniaaia), 373 ; 80.** 
 PhoxopUTi8tiagaria!(Anchylopera), W. &. R., 
 499; 90.** 
 PyralidcF. 
 
 Acroba«is nebulo (Phycita), 2; 308=:indigi- 
 noUa, Zeller. 
 Oeometridcf. 
 
 Aplodes venustMs (Hipparchiacns), 40; 31**= 
 
 miiuosaria, Gucu. 
 Hippamhiscus, 40; 300 = Aplode8, Gueu. 
 
 Bombycido'. 
 
 Halesidota autiphola,40; 2-8 =t088ellata,S. & A 
 liarii8ii,45; 430** = tessellata, S. & A- 
 Limacodes ? tetradactylus, 40; 300. 
 Phobetron hyalinum (Limacodea?), 40; 300.** 
 Sphingicampa, 40 ; 290. 
 
 distifrma, 40; 290 = bicolor, 
 Harris. 
 
 ^geriadfx. 
 
 J2gerla hospes (Trochilium), 197 ; 270. 
 
 Hy.men'opteua. 
 Tenthredinidce, 
 
 Euura perturbans, 197 ; 254. 
 
 8.-genmia ; 197; 250=orbitalis, Nort. 
 8. -nodus, 197 ; 253.** 
 8. -ovum, 197 ; 251. 
 Nematus fur, 197 ; 263. 
 
 hospes, 197 ; 201. 
 inquilinus, 197; 2G0. 
 mendicus, 197: 261. 
 s.-desmodioides, 197 ; 257.** 
 s.-pisum, 197; 258.** 
 8.-poniuru, 197 ; 255.** 
 Pristiphora grossulariae, 140 ; 123.** 
 sycophanta, 197; 263. 
 
 Cynipida;. 
 
 Acra-spia q.-erinacei (Cynips), 41 ; 483. 
 Aujiihibolips pruuus (Cyuips) W. &, R., 518; 
 
 104.** 
 Ancistrophus, 821 ; 74. 
 
 l.-pisutn, 821 ; 74.'* 
 Andricus q.-flocci (Cynips), 41; 482.** 
 
 q. -podagra) (Cynips), 41 : 491.*' 
 Biorhiza q.-forticornis (Cynips), 41 ; 490.* 
 Ceroptres ensiger (Amblynotus), 41; 490* = 
 petiolicola, O. S. 
 inermis (Amblynotus), 41 ; 498. 
 Holcaspis mamma (Cynips), 518; 102.'* 
 Synergusalbipes (Synopbrus), 41 ; 496* =laua, 
 Fitch, 
 meudax, 41 ; 498. 
 
 rhoditiforniis, 41 ; 499* = lignicola, 
 O.S. 
 Tribalia, 41 ; 470. 
 
 batatorum. 41 : 471. 
 
 Ichneumonida'. 
 
 Acicnitusrupinsnlensia, 385 ; 144. 
 Baasus bicapillaris, 385 ; 88. 
 ruticrus, 385 ; 80. 
 semifaaciatUH, 385; 86. 
 tripicticrus, 385 ; 85. 
 Catocentrua, 38."i : 98. 
 
 Chorina-us cariuiger (Polyrhabdus), 385 ; 98. 
 Cryptocontnis, :t8') ; 150 = Meaoloiaa, Holmg. 
 Cryptus albicaligatua : 385; 82. 
 allii.solratua, 385 ; 80. 
 atricollaris, 385; 72.** 
 cinctipes, 385 ; 74. 
 nigricalceatus, 385 ; 77. 
 • picticoxua, 385 ; 82. 
 rhoinboidalis, 385 ; 74. 
 rulitrona, 385 ; 75. 
 Cteniacua albilineatu.s, 385 ; 107. 
 
 ornatus (Exeuteron), 385 ; 105. 
 Echthrua annulicornis, 385 ; 159. 
 Ephialtea gigas 385 ; 110. 
 pusio, 385; 111. 
 pyguiiuus, 385; 111.** 
 Exetastes illinoieusis (Leptobatua), 385 ; 148. 
 
 suaveolena, 3 ■ ."> : 146. 
 Exocbiscus, 385 ; 96 = Orthocentrua, Grav. 
 Exochus albi(:eps, 385 ; 96. 
 
 aunulicrus, 385 ; 95. 
 atriceps, 385: 95. 
 Glypta alboscutellaris, 385 ; 127. 
 diversipea, 385 ; 125. 
 ruflcornia. 385 ; 129. 
 ruflpleuralis, 385 ; 127. 
 Hemiletea fuacatua, 380 ; 12 = var. of nema- 
 tivoruB, Walah. 
 nemativorus, 380; 11. 
 Joppidiuiii,385; 67. 
 
 ruficcps, 385 ; 70. 
 Lampronota aniphiniibena, 385 ; 117. 
 breviventria, 385; 120. 
 imitatrix, 385 ; 121. 
 interpellata, 385; 118. 
 pictiventris, 385 ; 119. 
 Mesochorua vitreus, 6; 368.** 
 Orthocentrua pnsillua (Exochiacna), 385; 97. 
 atigniaticus, 385; 101. 
 trifaaciatna. .385 ; 100. 
 Pararhysaa, 385 ; 109 = Rhyasa Grav. 
 Pi;zomacbua minimua, 6 ; 368.** 
 Pimpla coilubs, 385 ; 141. 
 
 inveatigatrix, 385; 142. 
 pictipea, 385 ; 135. 
 vidua, 385; 140. 
 Polyrhabdus, 385; 98 =Chorina;n8 nolmgr. 
 Polyapbincta nigriccps, 385 ; 144. 
 nigrita, 385; 144. 
 pimploidea, 385; 144. 
 Trj-phon atricoxus, 385 ; 104. 
 Braconidcp. 
 
 Apantelesrailitaris, 6j 369.'* 
 Chalcididrr. 
 
 Antigaatcr, 384 ; 368 =Eupelraus, Balm. 
 Decatoma dubia, 384 ; 300 = var. of variana, 
 Walsh. 
 
 ■Also in the National Museum. 
 
376 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 Chalcididce—Contmuei. 
 
 excrucians, 384 ; 300 = var. of ni- 
 
 jiricepa. Walsh, 
 hyalipennis, 384 ; 300. 
 nig ricepa, 384 ; 300. 
 nubilistigma, 384 ; 300. 
 simpliclstigma, 384 ; 300.** 
 variana, 384 ; 300.** 
 Eupelmus rairabilis ( Antigaster), 384 ; 369.** 
 Enrytoma abuormicorni.s, 384 ; 299. 
 auriceps, 384 ; 299.** 
 bicolor, 384; 298. 
 diaatrophi, 384 ; 299. 
 gigantea. 384 ; 300. 
 globulicola, 384; 299=yar ofpruni- 
 
 cola, Walsh, 
 prunicola, 384 ; 298.** 
 punctiventria, 384 ; 299. 
 
 Chalddidce—Contmned. 
 
 aeminatrix, 384 ; 299 =^ var. of auri. 
 ceps, Walsh. 
 
 Glyphe viridascens, 6 ; 370.** 
 
 Haltichella perpulchra (Hockeria), 11 ; 258. 
 
 Hockeria, 11 ; 258 = Haltichella, Spin. 
 
 Semiotellus chalcidephagua, 384 ; 368.** 
 
 Sniicra albifrons (Chalcis), 6; 369.** 
 Formicidce. 
 
 Formica aphidicola, 27 ; 310. 
 
 Lasius latipea (Formica), 27 ; 311. 
 Potnpilidce. 
 
 Agenia subcorticalis, 375 ; 162. 
 
 Ceropalea ruflventris, 375 ; 163. 
 Sphecidce. 
 
 Ammophila pictipennia, 375 ; 164.** 
 Bembecidce. 
 
 MegaatizuB brevipenuis (Stizus), 375; 162.** 
 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX OF THE NEW NAMES PROPOSED BY C. V. RILEY. 
 
 [The types, without exception, are preserved in the collectioa of the National Maseam, 
 
 Washington, D. C] 
 
 ARACHNIDA 
 
 ACAHIN'A. 
 TTOinbidiidce. 
 
 Tetranycbu8 >. americanus (Leptas), 1326 ; 17. 
 ? irritans (Leptus), 1326 ; 18. 
 
 Trombidiam giganteuni, 1632 ; 143. 
 locustarum, 1632 ; 142. 
 muscaruin, 1632 ; 144. 
 Hydrachnidcv. 
 
 Hydrachna belostomae, 1632 ; 146. 
 Gamasidce. 
 
 Uropoda americana, 1626 ; 275. 
 Ixodida. 
 
 Ixodes bovia 1309o ; 118. 
 Oribatidte. 
 
 Hoplophora arcUta, 1363 ; 216. 
 Tyrnglyphida;. 
 
 Tyroglypbus phylloxeras, 1363 ; 215. 
 Acaridce. 
 
 Acarus aceris-crumena, 1265 ; 339. 
 
 HEXAFODA. 
 
 ORTHGI'TEKA. 
 
 Aeridiidce. 
 
 Calopteuns atlanis, 1423 ; 169. 
 Dendrotettix, 2410; 86. 
 
 quercus, 2410 ; 86. 
 Gryllidfe. 
 
 (KcanthuB latipennid, 2026 ; 61. 
 Hemhteka. 
 Coccidfe. 
 
 Kernies galliformis, 1972 ; 482. 
 Mytilaspi.spomicorticis, 1329; 06. =pomoriiiu, 
 Bouch6. 
 Aphididte. 
 
 Lachnua platanicola, 2138 ; 198. 
 Pempbigas acerifolii, 1678 ; 16. 
 fraximfolii, 1678; 17. 
 popiili-monilis, 1678 : 13. 
 populi-ramnlonim, 1678 ; 16. 
 populi-transveraiis, 1678 ; 15. 
 Phylloxera caryic-avellana, IDOl ; 230. 
 caryffi-fallax, 1423 ; 118. 
 caryae-gummosa, 1423 ; 118. 
 carya!-ren, 1423; 118. 
 caryaj-scissa, 1901 ; 230. 
 Schizoneura americana, 1678 ; 4. 
 
 ulmi (Erioaoma), 1059,- 124. 
 
 Pgyllidce. 
 
 Blastoplyrsa, 2272 ; 75. 
 
 celtidis-gemma, 2272 ; 74. 
 Calopbj-a nigripennis, 2272 ; 69. 
 Ceropsylla, 2272 ; 76. 
 
 dideroxyli, 2272 ; 76. 
 Pacbypsylla, 2208; 157: 2272; 71. 
 
 celtidis-mamma, 2208 ; 157. 2272; 
 73. 
 Rhinopsylla, 2272 ; 78. 
 
 schwarzii, 2272; 78. 
 Jeugidce. 
 
 Diedrocephala flaviceps, 1767 ; 78. 
 Lygceidce. 
 
 Nyaius destructor, 1329 ; 113. =augustatns, 
 Ubler. 
 
 COLEOPTEEA. 
 
 Scolytidce. 
 
 Scolytus caryie, 938 ; 69. = 4-spino8ns, Say. 
 Ourculionidie. 
 
 Ampeloglypter vitis (Madams), 1059; 132, 
 
 := sesostris, Lcc. 
 Podapion, 2231 ; 62. 
 
 gallicola, 2231 ; 62. 
 Tylodemia fragarioi (Analcis), 1301 ; 44. 
 Me^oidce. 
 
 Hornia, 1601. 
 
 luiuutiponui.s, 1601. 
 liruchidce. 
 
 Bnichus faba>, 1301 ; 55. 
 Dhteua. 
 Osei7iid(e. 
 
 Oi5cinisbra8sica?.2291 : 322. 
 Anthomyidee. 
 
 Antbomyia var. calopteoi, 1557. ==r angns- 
 tifrons, Meig. 
 zeaa, 1059 ; 155. 
 
 Sarcophagid(T. 
 
 Sarcopbaga sarraceiiiiL', 1390 ; 238. 
 
 Tachinid(F. 
 
 Exorista cecropia;, 1112 ; 101. 
 
 doryphora' (Lvdella), 1059 ; 111. 
 tiavii'niida, 1127 ; 51. 
 Masicera archippivora, 1301 ; 150. 
 Tachina aletiii", 1712 : 162. 
 
 auouyma, 1311 ; 120. 
 
 377 
 
378 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 Agilidce. 
 
 Proctacanthus ruissonriensis (Asilus), 1127 ; 
 122 =: milberti, Macq. 
 Simulidce. 
 
 Simulium meridionale, 2394 ; 513. 
 pecuarum, 2394 ; 512. 
 piscicidium, 1174 ; 228 
 Mycetophilidce. 
 
 Mycetophila persica, 963 ; 397. 
 Ceddomyidce. 
 
 Cecidomyia cupressi-ananassa, 1180; 244. 
 Diplosis pyrivora, 2392. 
 Lepidopteea. 
 Pterophoridce. 
 
 Platyptihis carduidactylna (Pteropborus), 
 1059; 180. 
 Tineidce. 
 
 Blastobasis iceryseella, 2394 ; 485. 
 Coleophoia malivorella, 1721 ; 254. 
 'Gelechia galtesolidaginis, 1059 ; 175. 
 Holocera glandulella, 1310 ; 18. 
 Prodoxus, 1830 ; 155. 
 
 senesceiis, 2000 ; 636. 
 cinereus, 2000 ; 636. 
 decipiens, 183D ; 155. 
 intermedins, 2000 ; 635. 
 marginatu-s, 2000 ; 635. 
 Pronuba, 1329 ; 150: 1336; 55. 
 maculata, 2000 ; 633. 
 yuccasella, 1329 ; 151: 1336; 56. 
 Tortricidce. 
 
 Conchylis erigeronana, 1968; 316. 
 oenotherana, 1968 ; 316. 
 Eccopsia ferrugineana (Exartema), 1968; 317. 
 monetiferaiia (Exartema), 1968; 317. 
 Grapholitha gallae-saliciana, 1968; 320. 
 ninana, 2176; 661. 
 olivaceana, 1968 ; 320. 
 Mellisopas, 1969 ; 322. 
 
 auricbalceana 1969 ; 323. 
 Pffidisca celtisana, 1968 ; 319. 
 
 giganteana, 1968 ; 318. 
 Pentbina fullerea.* = bebesana. Walk. 
 Phoxopteris cornifoliana, 1968 ; 324. 
 
 murtfeldtiana, 1968 ; 323. 
 Proteoteras, 1968 ; 321. 
 
 ajsculana, 1968 ; 321. 
 Semasia lieliaHthana, 1968 ; 319. 
 Steganoptycha claypoleana (Sericoris), 211* ; 
 
 914. 
 Teras Cinderella (Tortrix), 1311 ; 47. 
 
 Fyralidce. ^\ 
 
 Acrobasis nebulella (Phycita), 1311; 42. 
 = var. of indiginella Zeller. 
 vaccinii, 2291. 
 Chilo oryzsBllus, 2119 ; 133. 
 Clydonopteron, 1929 ; 287. 
 
 tecoina;, 1929 ; 288. 
 Pempelia hammondi, 1311 ; 46. 
 Geometridce. 
 
 Paleacrita, 1438 ; 278. 
 
 Synchlora rubivora (Aplodes), 1059 ; 140. 
 
 Noctuidce. 
 
 Acronycta betulse, 2280 ; 2. 
 
 populi, 1127 ; 120. 
 Agrotis cochranii, 964 ; 414. 
 
 morrisoniana, 1409 ; 286. 
 scandens, 1059 ; 78. 
 Anomis texana, 2343 ; 350. 
 Exyra ridingsii (Xanthoptera), 1411 ; 240. 
 Lapbygma autumnalis (Prodenia), 1301 ; 116. 
 falvosa (Prodenia), 1301 ; 117. 
 obscura (Prodenia), 1301 ; 117. 
 Lithophane cinerea (Xylina), 1301 ; 135. 
 Plusia brassicfe, 1127 ; 111. 
 Pyropbila conspersa (Amphipyra), 1301 ; 74. 
 Bombycidce. 
 
 Cerura multiscripta, 1411 ; 241. 
 Nola sorgbiella, 2119; 187. 
 ^geriadce. 
 
 Bembeeia rubi (iEgeria), 1363 ; 113. = margi- 
 nata, Harris. 
 Hymenopteha. 
 Oynipidce. 
 
 Cynips q.-glandulus, 1606 ; 578. 
 
 q.-mellaria, 1942 ; 298. 
 Didactyum, 1749 ; 52 = Hexaplasta, Porst. 
 Hexaplasta zigzag (Didictyum), 1749 ; 52. 
 Ichnemnonidce. 
 
 Hemiteles cressonii, 1059 ; 177. 
 
 thyridopterygis, 1059 ; 150. 
 Icbneumon obsoletus, 1570; 55. = var. of 
 
 brevipennis, Cress. 
 Limneria lopbyri, 1570 ; 32. 
 Thersilochus conotracbeli (Porizon), 1301 ; 28. 
 Braconidce. 
 
 Apanteles acronyctas, 1960 ; 312. 
 aletiaj, 1960 ; 306. 
 cacoecia, 1960 ; 305. 
 cassianus, 1960 ; 307. 
 flaviconchse, 1960 ; 308. 
 heiuileuc*, 1960 ; 309. 
 hypbantria;, 2394 ; 533. 
 limenitidis (Microgaster), 1301; 
 
 158. 
 megathymi, 1960 ; 304. 
 paleacritas, 1960 ; 313. 
 pieridivora, 2097; 679. =r var. of 
 
 congregatus. Say. 
 politus, 1960 ; 307. 
 rufocoxalis, 1960 ; 510. 
 scitul'u.s, 1960 ; 310. 
 smerinthi, 1960; 311. 
 
 , tbeclfe, I960; 308. 
 
 Bracon cbarus, 1423 ; 75. 
 Exotbecus prodoxi, 1831 ; 156. 
 Meteorus hypbautrue, 2394 ; 532. 
 Microgaater gelechise, 1059 ; 178. 
 Microplitis ceratominse, 1960 ; 303. 
 
 gortyna;, 1960 ; 304. 
 PerUitus tndagator, 1311 ; 43. 
 Sigalpbus rufua, 1301 ; 27. = var. of curca. 
 
 lionis, Fitcb. 
 Spatbias trifasciatua, 1329 ; 106. 
 
 * Described and figured in A. S. Puller's "Injurious insects. 
 Florist's Companion, October, 1868, v. 4, pp. 207-209. 
 
 <Tilton's Joarn. of Hortic. and 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 379 
 
 Chaleididte. 
 
 Cirrospilus flavioiiictus.' 
 
 Eurytoma bolteri, 1059 ; 177. = var. of diaa- 
 
 trophi, Walsh. 
 Isosonia granile, 2288 ; 111. 2291; 358. 
 
 tritici, 2060 : 247. 
 Merisus subapterus, 2332 ; 416. 
 Pentarthron ^ = Trichogramma. 
 Pleurotiopia phyllotreta>, 2291 : 308. 
 Spilochalcis maTia) (Chalcis), 1112 ; 101. 
 Stictonotus isosoniatis, 2119; 186. 
 
 Clialcididfe — Continued. 
 
 Tetrasticliii8 osurus (Cirrospilaa), 1712 ; 162. 
 
 prodnctiis, ;;332 ; 419. 
 TrichograuiuianiiDutnni, 1301; l.'iS. 2026; 68. 
 pretioaa, 1712 ; 161. 
 Proctotrupidce. 
 
 Caloptenobia, 1643; 306 = Scelio, Latr. 
 Scelio ovivora (Caloptenobia), 1643; 3C6 
 
 ^= famelicus, Say. 
 Telononius bifidus, 2378 ; 48. 2394 ; 531. 
 
 ' Described and figured in Lintner's First Report N. T. State Entomologist, p. 159. 
 'Proposed (Record of Amer. Eiit., 1871, p. 8) for Trichogramma luinutum. Pentarthron has, how- 
 ever, been used for a genus of beetles. 
 
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
 
 DIVISION Ol-^ KXTOMOLOC. V. 
 
 BIBLTOGRAPllY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE MORE LAIPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS 
 
 TO 
 
 AMERICAN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 PREPARED, I'.Y Al'TIIORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICl'LTURE, 
 
 SAMUEL HENSHAW. 
 
 INDEX 
 
 T(l 
 
 Parts I, II, and III. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTINCJ OFFICE, 
 1S«»0. 
 
INDEX 
 
 Abbot Sphinx, 1127. 
 
 larva, 1248, 1277. 
 Parasites on its larva, 1277. 
 Abia caprifolia, 2360. 
 Abnormal cocoon, 1797. 
 Abroad. Colorado potato-beetle, 1364. 
 Abutilon. Aletia feeding on, 2343. 
 Acacia flliaria. GaUs on, 2176. 
 Acacia. Insects affecting. 
 Dorthesia characias, 1730. 
 Grapholitha ninana, 2176. 
 Lytta cinerea = Macrobaai.s unicolor. 
 Macrobasis unicolor, 1290. 
 Acacias. Large white scale on, 1730. 
 Aca<lemy of Science. Address of president St. 
 
 Louis, 1564, 1629. 
 AciTnitus rnpinsulensis n. sp., 385. 
 Acanthia lectularia, 497, 1502, 1741. 
 Acaridona gall on Crata?giis, 376. 
 Acarina, 412, 1444, 1639, 1710, 1739, 1992. 
 Acaras aceris-cniniena »i. sp., 1265. 
 pruni-crumena n. sp., 373. 
 salicis-eeuignia, 46. 
 salicis-semen, 46. 
 scabiei, 497. 
 Accusation. Unjust, 1537. 
 Acer dasycarpum. Scale on, 1575. 
 
 sp. Supposed tineid larva on leaf of fo.ssil, 
 2084. 
 Achatodes zeas, 311. 
 Acheraon Sphinx, 1127. 
 Acheta abbreviatu3 = Gryllu8 abbreviatus. 
 Achetida) =^ Gryllida;. 
 Achorutes nivicola, 608. 
 Acoloithus falsarius, 124. 
 Acorn cups. New oak gall on, 1606. 
 gall, 1944. 
 moth, 1310, 1311. 
 Acraspis q.-erinacei, 41. 
 
 AcrididoB, 391, 431, 433, 929, 1446, 1452, l.'J48, 1645, 
 1947, 1959, 2002, 2118,2267, 2311,2331, 
 2363. 
 • Dimorphism in, 1889. 
 Effects of winter on the eggs of, 1550. 
 Egg parasites of, 2355. 
 Aoridiam americanum, 1413, 1549, 1570. 
 eaten out by ants, 1413. 
 obscnmm, 2119. 
 perigrinum, 1959. 
 
 Acrobasis oonsociella, 1311. 
 
 hammondi = Pempelia hammon'di. 
 indiginella, 2, 341, 373, 511. 574, 810, 949, 
 975, 998, 1012, 1069, 11.51, 1232, 1311, 
 1580, 1902. 
 juglandis, 1311. 
 
 uebulella n. v., 1311= A. iudiginella- 
 nebulo = A. indiginella. 
 vaccinii n. sp., 2291, 2349. 
 Acroneura rufiusuleusis n. sp., 24. 
 Acronjxta acericola = A. americana. 
 americana, 571, 841. 
 betuhi! u. sp., 2280. 
 lepusculina, 1127. 
 oblinita, 1208, 1276, 1301. 
 populi n. sp., 1127. 
 xylinoides, 1329. 
 Acrosoma spinea, 813. 
 
 stellata, 1869. 
 Acrydii, 1959, 2267. 
 Actias luna, 776, 1311. 
 
 selene, 1311. 
 Ad interim committees, 394. 
 Adalia bipunctata, 2452. 
 Address at Atlanta Cotton Convention, 20,38. 
 on entomology, 14.54. 
 St. Louis Academy Science. President's, 
 
 1564, 1629. 
 "Washington Entomological Society. 
 President's, 2355. 
 Adelops, 2033. 
 
 Adimonia nifosauguinea, 156. 
 /Ecidium berberidis, 1605. 
 iEgoria acemi, 743, 1063, 1360, 1363. 
 alblcoruis, 2410. 
 
 candatum -- Alcathon caudatum. 
 exitio.sii ---Sannina exitiosa. 
 hospes, 197. 
 impropriji, 2385, 2410. 
 
 polistiforniis =Sciapteron polistiforrols. 
 pyri, 2410. 
 
 rubi ?i. sp., 1363 — Bembecia margiuata. 
 sp., 302. 
 
 syringa) =Podo8e«ia syringiB. 
 tipniiformis, 55. 340, 481, 974, 1642, 2238. 
 • .ffigeriidw, 302, .'•.76, 2341. 
 
 life habits, 2410. 
 .Algerian maple borer. A new, 1360. 
 ^giale cofacjui — Megathyipus yncca. 
 
 381 
 
382 
 
 INDE^. 
 
 ^schna constricta, 759. 
 
 Agassiz, L. Criticism of entomological state. 
 
 inents, 44. 
 Agave. New use of American, 1498. 
 Agenia architecta, 375. 
 
 bombycina, 375, 543. 
 cnpida, 375. 
 
 subcorticalia n. sp., 375. 
 Agnomia anilis, 785. 
 Agonoderus comma =r A. pallipes. 
 paUipes, 3, 1825, 2317. • 
 Agraulis vanillse, 2410. 
 
 Agricultural advancement in the United States, 
 1750. 
 editorial excursion, 1349. 
 Agriculture and its advancement. Entomology 
 and its relation to, 1329. 
 American writers on insects in rela- 
 tion to, 2238. 
 Entomological work at the Depart- 
 ment of, 1892. 
 Insects in relation to, 2238. 
 Legislation in regard to insects in- 
 jurious to, 1468. 
 New insects injurious to, 2055. 
 Agrilns ruflcollis, 821, 1124, 1771. 
 Agrion binotatum n. sp., 24. 
 
 dentiferarum n. sp., 39. 
 hageni n.sp., 39. 
 Agrotidai, 3, 868, 901, 964, 1504, 1522, 2310. 
 Agrotis, 2238. 
 
 annexa, 2291. 
 clandestina, 901, 2291. 
 cochranii n. sp., 964= A. messoria, Harris. 
 Description of a new species of, 1409. 
 devastatrix=Hadena devastatrix. 
 fennica, 2355. 
 herilis, 964, 1059. 
 inermis = A. saucia, 
 lycarum, 2156. 
 maleflda, 2291, 2322. 
 
 messoria, 901, 964, 1059, 1873, 2156, 2291, 
 2331. 2363. 
 Harr. vs. Agrotis scandens 
 Riley, 2156. 
 morrisoniana n. sp., 1499. 
 repentis = A. cochranii. 
 saucia, 607, 1059, 1095, 1775, 1826, 1941, 2291. 
 scandens n. sp., 1059, 1408, 2156. 
 
 Riley vs. Agrotis messoria 
 Harr., 2156. 
 sp., 281. 
 
 subgothica, 964, 1059. 
 telifera = A. ypsilon. 
 tricosa, 964, 2324. 
 
 ypsilon, 626, 658, 964, 1059, 1504, 2291. 
 AiLANTHUs. Insects affecting, 1343. 
 
 Attacus cynthia. 899, 1179, 1343, 1460, 1718. 
 CEta compta=CE. punctella. 
 
 punctella, 1059, 1343. 
 Samia cytbia= Attacus cynthia. 
 Ailanthus silk- worm, 899, 1311, 1718. 
 
 in Missouri, 1460. 
 naturalized, 1179. 
 Air-holes not needed in sending insects, 655. 
 
 Alabama. May beetles swarming in, 1812. 
 Moths caught in, 1774. 
 Spread of Pieris rapse into, 1720. 
 Alaria florida = Rhodophora florida. 
 AlcathoB caudatum, 481. 
 Alcohol. Bugs in, 605. 
 Aleochara anthomyia := A. nitida. 
 
 nitida, 2353. 
 Aleocharini, 1729. 
 Aletia argillacea = A. xylina. 
 
 Aletia xylina vs., 2339. 
 Migrations and hibernation of, 
 1689. 
 chrysalides. Not, 1826. 
 Chrysalides supposed to be those of, 1775. 
 Moths mistaken for, 1976. 
 xylina, 328, 636, 1127, 1338, 1353, 1363, 1369, 
 1649, 1657, 1689, 1702, 1712, 1719, 1721, 1722, 
 1728, 1736, 1749, 1758, 1769, 1814, 1826, 1831, 
 1845, 1852, 1882, 1888, 1903, 1914, 1932, 1953, 
 1976, 1997, 2038, 2064, 2069, 2102, 2119, 2130. 
 2141, 2155, 2164, 2295, 2343. 
 Aletia xylina. (See also Cotton-worm.) 
 Anatomy, 2343. 
 Annual generations, 1736. 
 Bibliography, 2343. 
 Bulletiu No. 3,U.S. Ent.Com.,1763. 
 Characters, 1736, 2343. 
 Classification, 2343. 
 Destruction of the moth, 1763. 
 Destructiveness, 1763, 2343. 
 Devices for the destruction of, 
 
 2343. 
 Flight (powers of), 1763. 
 Habits, 2343. 
 Hibernation, 1763. 
 History of literature of, 2343. 
 Insects liable to be mistaken for, 
 
 2343. 
 Invertebrate enemies, 1763. 
 Machinery for the destruction of, 
 
 2343. 
 Mechanical means of kUluig, 1763. 
 Meteorological influence upon, 
 
 2343. 
 Migrations, 1763. 
 Natural enemies, 1763,2343. 
 Natural history, 2343. 
 Nomenclature, 2343. 
 in other countries, 2343. 
 Past history in the United States, 
 
 2343. 
 Poisoning the worm, 1763. 
 Preventive measures, 1763, 2343. 
 Remedies, 1763, 2343. 
 Stages, 1763. 
 
 Terrestrial influences, 2343. 
 in the United States. Hibernation 
 
 of, 2141. 
 Vertebrate enemies of, 1763. 
 vs. Aletia argillacea, 2339. 
 Wet weather (effects of), 1763. 
 Aleurodes, 221. 
 
 on Oxalis, 1791. 
 AJlorhina nitida, 54, 718. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 383 
 
 Alpine flowers. Fertilizers of. 1838. 
 Alwood, W. B. Report ou Ohio iusecta, 2382. 
 
 Testa vcith insecticides on garden 
 iusecta. 2382. 
 Alypiaoctomaculata, 343, 1059,1127, 1130, 1208, 1363. 
 Amara, 1643. 
 
 Ambiguous Ilippodaniia, 2119. . 
 Aniblycorypha oblongi folia, 569, 1060, 11.57, 1329, 
 
 1363. 
 ^tnblyuotns ensiger n. «p., 41 = Ceroptres petioli- 
 cola. 
 inemiis n. tp., 41 = Ceroptres iner- 
 mis. 
 Amelanchier. Lixus parvus on, 2404. 
 America. Problem of the hop-plant louse in En- 
 rope and, 2400. 
 American Agave. New use of, 1498. 
 
 A. A- S. Entomology at the 1880 meet- 
 ing of, 1893. 
 Permanent sabsection of ento- 
 mology, 2027. 
 bean Bruchus, l.noi. 
 Cimbex, 2291, 2418. 
 Entomological Society, 621. 
 Entomologist, 1309. 
 
 Salutatory, 386. 
 insects. Imported and native, 1115, 1127. 
 lackey motb, 1301. 
 Meromyza, 1058, 1059, 2291, 2394. 
 Procris, 1127. 
 
 Staphj-linidic wanted, 1786. 
 tent caterpill.ir. Eggs of the, 1329. 
 Ames, Iowa, Osborn. H. Experiments at, 2344. 
 Ammophila pictipennis n. sp., 375, 543. 
 Amorbia. Pine, 2363. 
 Amorpha fruticosa. TValshia amorphella on, 1127, 
 
 2356. 
 Ampeloglypter ater, 821. 
 
 sesostris, 821, 1059. 
 vitis = A. sesostris. 
 Ampelophaga myron, 837, 1056, 1086, 1127, 1247, 
 
 1290, 1960. 
 Ampelopsis. Swellings in roots of, 1428. 
 Amphibolips aciculata=: A. q.-spongifica. 
 q.-inanis. 45, 518, 1448. 
 q.-pranns, 518, 1606. 
 q.-spongifica, 41, 45, 518, 1448. 
 Arophiceros, 1747. 
 
 bicaudatns, 2, 55, 249, 4^5, 517,633, 839, 
 893, 1163, 1185, 1311, 1.329, 1747, 1776, 
 1820. 
 Ampliipyraconspersa7i. sp., 1301 = Pyrophila con- 
 spersa. 
 p}Tamidea = Pyrophila pyramidea. 
 * pyramldoides:=Pvrophilapyramidoi- 
 des. 
 Hibernation of, 1471. 
 Amphiscepa bivittata, 2116. 
 Amputating insects, 1556. 
 Anabrus, 2267. 
 
 parpurascens, 1959. 
 simplex, 1959. 
 Analcis fragarias n. sp., 1301 = Tylodenna fraga- 
 
 rise. 
 Anametis grisea, 2117, * 
 
 Anaphora, 2536. 
 
 Anarsia lineatella, 2235. 
 
 Aiiasa tristis, 409, 825, 807, 1858, 1948. 
 
 Auatis ISpuuctata, 959, 1274, 1450, 1672. 
 
 Anax juuius, 1851, 24."i5. 
 
 Auchylopera fragiiriiu ;i. gp., 400 ^ Phoxopterls 
 
 fragaria'. 
 Ancistrophus n.g., 821. 
 
 l.-pisum n. »p., 821. 
 Anderson, E. IT. Cottnn-worm in sonth Texas in 
 1883. 2253. 
 Report on cotton insects, 2343. 
 Audrena, 800. 
 
 Andricns q.-califomica, 1967. 
 q.-flocci, 41. 
 q.-operatola, 1352. 
 q.-operator, 1352. 
 q. -podagra), 41, 45. 
 q.-punctata, 45, 1822. 
 semiuator, 739, 821, 1037. 
 Angoumois grain-niotb, 2291. 
 Angular winged katydid, 1363. 
 
 Eggs of, 1518. 
 Animal kingdom. 393. 
 Aniseed and gr-iin-weevil, 1742. 
 Anisodactylns baltimoreusis, 627. 
 
 con fusus, 2012. 
 Anisoplia austriara. 1935. 
 Anisopterys, 91, 96, 274, 717, 902, 910, 1391. 
 eBscolaria, 1604. 
 
 Differences between Anl- 
 sopteryx pometarla 
 and, 1604. 
 pometaria, 1127, 1363, 1423, 1438, 1482, 
 
 1539, 1540, 1604, 2149, 2238, 2267. 
 Variation in imagos, 1540. 
 Venation of wings, 1540. 
 vemata= Paloacrita vernata. 
 Anisota = Dryocampa. 
 
 rubieunda = Drjocampa rnbicunda. 
 Anomala lucicola, 113. 
 
 Varying, 2291. 
 Anomis erosa, 2343. 
 
 exacta, 1651, 2343. 
 
 texana n. sp., 2343. • 
 
 urena,2119. 
 
 xylina = Aletia xylina. 
 Anonymous Tachina-fly, 1423. 1625. 
 Anophtlialmus, 2033. 
 
 Ant-hill. Hemispherical larva at bottom of, 1780. 
 Anthera'a pernyi, 1311. 
 
 yama-niai, 1311. 
 
 as a silk-prodacor, 1346. 
 Anthicus, 2105. 
 
 Anthocoris insidiosus = Triphleps insidiosas. 
 Anthomyia, 1643. 
 
 angustifrons. 1541, 1557. 
 
 brassicns, 2201. 
 
 Cabbage, 2291. 
 
 caloptoni n. sp., 1541, 1557 = angastl- 
 
 frou.s, Meig. 
 ceparum, 225. 
 
 Egg parasite, 1570, 1625, 1643. 
 zea'< u.dT?.. 657, 1069. 1065. 
 AnthomyidsB. North American, 1966. 
 AnthoQomus crata;gi n.tp., 197,376, 1244. 
 muaculua, 2322, 2331, 2363, 
 
384 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Anthonomua prunicida n. sp., 33 = Coccotorns 
 Scutellaria. 
 quadriglbbuS, 42, 254, 1088, 1173, 1176, 
 
 1228, 1301, 1358, 2232. 
 Buturalia, 2363. 
 sycophauta n. sp., 197, 821. 
 tessellata n. sp., 197. 
 Antliophora abrupta, 372, 1601, 1651. 
 sponsa = A. abrupta. 
 Anthreni, 483. 
 Anthrenus musseorum, 492, 572. 
 
 scrophulariiB, 1659, 1663, 1699, 1752. 
 varius, 5772. 
 Antigaster n. g., 384 — Enpelmua. 
 
 niirabilis n. «p., 384=^Eupelinu3 mira. 
 
 bills. 
 vs. Eupelmus, 1932, 1978. 
 Antiopa butterfly, 1234. 
 Autistrophus n. g., 821, 1131. 
 
 lygodesmise-piaum n. sp., 821. 
 Ants, 1278, 1736, 2418. 
 
 Acridium eaten out by, 1413'. 
 and aphidea, 520, 2300. 
 in Arizona. Leaf-atripping, 2532. 
 gardens. Deatroying black, 438. 
 horticulture. Utilization of, 2089, 2137. 
 injurioua in Arizona, 1987. 
 neats in gardens, 496. 
 Ked, 2309. 
 Apantelea acronyctfe n. sp., 1960. 
 aletijen.Si)., 1960,2343. 
 cacoeciaj n. sp., 1960. 
 cassianus n. sp., 1960. 
 congregatua, 1247. 
 flaviconcha! n. v., 1960. 
 glomeratua, 2291. 
 hemileucse n. «p., 2378, 2394. 
 limenitidia n. sp., 1301. 
 megathymi n. sp., 1960. 
 niilitaiis n. sp., 6,12, 1059, 1357, 1442, 
 
 1670. 
 paleacritie n. sp., 1960. 
 pieridivora n. v., 2097. 
 • politua n. «p., 1960. 
 
 rufocoxalia n. v., 1960. 
 scitulus n. v., 1960. 
 smerinthi n. sjj., 1960. 
 theclae n. sp., 1960. 
 Apatura alicia, 1363, 1977. 
 » celtia, 1356, 1363. 
 
 clyton, 1356, 1363. 
 herse = A . clyton. 
 lycaon =: A. celtia. 
 Apnelinns mytilaspia, 1329. 
 Aphid. Bitten by an, 2205. 
 Aphides, 952, 1736. 
 
 Ants and, 520, 2300. 
 Aphididffi, 58, 198, 265, 518, 520, 1883, 2017, 2072, 2119, 
 2230, 2359, 2407. 
 Meana agaiuat, 80, 102, 198, 508, 644, 678, 
 
 1148, 1184. 
 of the United Statea. Genera of the, 27. 
 Notes on the, 
 1678. 
 Aphis. Apple borer and root, 1038. 
 
 fkTensB = Nectarophora granaria. 
 
 Anhia, Bad work of the grain, 1638. 
 bella n. sp., 27. 
 brassicse, 1365, 2291. 
 carduella n. sp., 27. 
 cerasi = Myzua cerasi. 
 Cherry, 9G0. 
 Grain, 2394. 
 Grape-vine, 170. 
 Hop, 1001, 2291, 2394, 2418. 
 maidis, 23, 27. 
 
 mail, 59, 198, 201, 270, 291, 325, 413, 507, 539, 
 550, 579, 591, 883, 952, 996, 1056, 1139, 1429, 
 1899. 
 prunifoliae, 678. 
 quercifolisB n. sp.. 27. 
 ribis = Myzua ribis. 
 Root, 990, 1038. • 
 
 rudbeckiai =Nect.<irophora rudbeckisB. 
 Bolani, 1679. 
 viti.s, 27, 102, 170. 
 vs. rust. Grain, 1806, 
 Aphodiua inquinatua, 1445. 
 Aphorista vittata, 2406. 
 Aphrophora, 93. 
 
 quadrangularis, 691. 
 Apiaries. Floating, 1785. 
 
 Apiculture. McLain, N. W. Experiments in, 2394. 
 Report on experi- 
 ments in, 2363, 24ia 
 Apidie. 2098. 
 
 Apion lauguinosum n. sp., 197 = A. walshii. 
 Apioninie. Gall-making genus of, 2231. 
 Apis mellifica, 13, 372, 441, 782, 833, 1455, 1774. 
 Aplodes, 40. 
 
 mimosaria, 40. 
 
 rubivora n. sp., 1059 = Synchlora rubl- 
 
 ■vora. 
 veuustua = A. mimoaaria. 
 Apple bark -lice on peara, 973. 
 louae, 1552. 
 
 Scurfy, 2305. 
 borer and root Aphis, 1038. 
 
 remedy, 1023. 
 borers, 870, 1583. 
 Coleophora, 1721. 
 Curculio, 1176, 1301, 1441, 2238. 
 
 go under ground to transform I 
 Does the, 1228. 
 gall. Grape-vine, 1329, 1898. 
 growing on a grape-vine, 403, 436. 
 Apple. Insects affecting. 
 
 Acrobaais hammondi — Pempelia hammondi. 
 Amphicerus bicaud.atus, 249, 485, 517, 633^839, 
 
 893, 1163, 1311, 1329, 1747, 1776, 1820. 
 Anametia grisea, 2117. 
 Anthonomua cratasgi, 1244. 
 
 quadrigibbus, 42, 1088, 1176, 1228. 
 1301, 2238. 
 Aphis mali, 201, 270, 335, 507, 539, 550,579,591, 
 
 883, 996, 1139, 1429. 
 Arctia virginica = Spilosoma virginica. 
 Aspidiotus conchiformis— Mytilaspis pomo- 
 rum. 
 harrisii = Chiqpaspia furfarnq, 
 rapax, 2235. 
 Attac^6 pecropia, 139, 1028, 1076. V»\5. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 385 
 
 Apple. Inbkcts affkctino— Continaed. 
 
 Bostrichiis bicaudatus = Amphicoras bicau- 
 datua. 
 
 Brochy.uena aunulata, 684. 
 
 Bucculatrii pimiifoliella, 92, 1311, 1733. 
 
 Bupri'stis feuioriita:=Chry8obotbri8 femorata. 
 
 Capsiit) obliueatU8=: LygU9 pratensis. 
 
 Carpocapsa pomonella, 330, 373, 467, 523, 565, 
 7C9, 1010, 1022, 10J9, 1311, 1320, 1334, 1373, 1398, 
 1606, 1077,1682, 1721, L037. 
 
 Caterpillars, 1054. 
 
 Catydid, 29. 
 
 Cecidoiuyia sp., 963. 
 
 Ceresa bubulus, 2195. 
 
 Chaetochilus ponionellus, 874. 
 
 Chilocoru.s bivulnerus, 731. 
 
 Chionaapia furfurus, C9, 345, 373, 579, 951, 1061, 
 1152, 2305. 
 
 ChloroueuraniaIefica=Enipoascaviridescen3. 
 maligna :=Empoascaobtii8a. 
 
 Chrysobothris femorata, 20, 379, 537, .^55, 634, 
 870, 1059, 1423, 1475, 1513, 1640, 2238, 2267. 
 
 Cliaiocampa americana, 66, 77, 336, 1301, 2238. 
 
 Coccus harri9u = Cbiouaspi9 fuxfuras. 
 
 Coelodasys unicornia, 749. 
 
 Coleopbora malivorella, 1721. 
 
 Conotrachelus nenuphar, 1214. 
 
 Corycia veataliata, 744. 
 
 Cybocephalua califomicu.s, 2079. 
 
 Datana ministra. 467, 922, 2222. 
 
 Diaspia harriau = Chionaapis furfurua. 
 
 Dipteron,548. 
 
 Elaphidion parallelnm =£. villosam. 
 villoaum, 839. 
 
 Empoasca nialcfica = E. viridescene. 
 maligna = £. obtusa. 
 obtusa, 22. 
 viridescena, 22, 30. 
 
 Epicffirna iuibricatua, 296. 
 
 Eriosoina pyri = Schizouc'ura lanigera. 
 
 Euphoria melancholica, 842. 
 
 Euryomia melancholica = Eaphoria melan- 
 cholica. 
 
 Galls, 552. 
 
 Gastropacbna americana, 812. 
 
 velleda =: Tolype velleda. 
 
 Haltica punctipennia, 2383. 
 
 Helops micans, 963. 
 
 Hemipteron, 243. 
 
 Hyphantria cunca, 112, 22-38. 
 
 textor = n. cunea. 
 
 Itbycems noveboracensis. 869, 1033, 1085, 1188. 
 
 lalas marginatu.s = Spirobolu9 marginatna. 
 
 Ixodea iinipunctata, 1133. 
 
 Lagoa opercularis, 145, 796. 
 
 Larva, 758, 1054. 
 
 Lepidopteron, 243, 602. 
 
 Limacode8pitheciam=Phobetron pithccium. 
 ap., 847. 
 
 Limenitis uraula, 145. 
 
 Lygua pratenai.s, 2. 
 
 Lytta cinerea =:Macroba8i8 nnicolor. 
 
 Macrobaais unicolor, 38. 
 
 Macrodactylaa sabapinoana, 748. 
 
 Mininga, 532. 
 
 Mycetophila peraicse, 963. 
 
 25 ENT 
 
 Apim.k. Insectii AFFKCTiNr,— Continued. 
 Mytilaspia ])OiiiicorliciH - M. puuiorum. 
 
 pomoruiii, 69, -Jdl, :M.'., 373, 423, 565, 
 951,073, OB-MOJO, 1001, 132J, 1552, 
 1772,22:18. 
 Notodonta cuucinna = CEdemaaia concinDa. 
 uuicoruia ==CGBloda8yB unicornis. 
 Oberea sp., 1850. 
 (Ecanthua uivous, 1691. 
 (£d(*maaia concinna, 922. 
 Orgyia leucosti^iua, 1000, 1151, 2238. 
 Papilio gHiucua, 1018. 
 
 tarnu.s, J048. 
 Pempelia hainnipndi, 810. 
 Pemphigus pyri =rSchizoneura lanigera. 
 Pbobetron pitheeiun'., 1272. 
 Phoxopteris iiubt-culana, 1721. 
 Pbycis iiuligiuella, 511, 574, 810, 949, 975,908, 
 
 1069, li:.l. 
 Phycita nobulo =r Phycia indiginella. 
 Polycaon confertus, 2103. 
 Prionus laticollis, 2287. 
 Psenocerus aupernotatua, 1458. 
 P.socus venosus, 1263,1526. 
 Reduvius raptatorius =Sinea diadema. 
 Saperda bivittata =S. Candida. ' 
 calcarata. 963. 
 
 Candida, 20, 67, 379, 421, 870, 962, 1023, 
 1038, 1059, 1213, 1332, 1441, 1513, 1608, 
 1630, 2238, 2260. 
 Schizonenrahinigera, 373,467,495, 963, 997, 1038, 
 
 1059, 1187. 
 Sciara mali, 211. 
 Siuea diadema, 638, 731. 
 Solenobia, 38. 
 
 Spilonota ocalana=;Tmetocera ocellana. 
 Spilosoma virginica, 296. 
 Spirobolus niarginatua, 963. 
 Teras Cinderella, 1311. 
 
 malivorana, 1311. 
 Tettigonia ap., 9Jl. 
 Tineid, 77. 
 
 Tmetocera ocellana, 747. 
 Tolype velleda, 972. 
 Tortricid, 847. 
 Tremex coluraba, 1126. 
 Trypeta pomoneUa, 177, 37.3, 1320, 1553, 2119, 
 
 2238. 
 Urocerid, 893. 
 Xyleborus obeaua, 1583. 
 A^Ie. Lappet caterpillars on the, 072. 
 
 Large green caterpillars on the, 1078. 
 leaf Bucculatrix, 1311. 
 
 crumpler, 574, 949, 975, 908. 
 
 mistaken for Curculio, 
 1069. 
 folder. The lesser, 1311. 
 sewer. Chapin'a, 1721. 
 skelotonizer, 1311, 1322. 
 tyer. The green, 1311. 
 worm, 1322. 
 
 Small, 747. 
 maggot, 1553, 21 19, 2238. 
 
 fly, 373, 1320. 
 (ind mountain ash. Plant-lonse eggs on, 
 579. 
 
386 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Apple. Oak, 1448. 
 
 Oyster-shell bark -louse of the, 1329, 2238. 
 and peach borers, 1475, 1513. 
 
 pear. Two new foes of the, 22. 
 pest. New, 2383. 
 Pigeon Tremex in, 1126. 
 plant-louse, 883. 
 Plum Curculio breeds in, 1214. 
 root-blight, 997. 
 borer, 2287. 
 
 plant-louse, 373, 495, 1059. 
 scions. Swelliniis on, 548. 
 Small reddish snout-beetle in, 1244. 
 snout-beetle or fourJiumpnd Curculio, 
 
 1088. 
 tree bark-lice, 345, 1059. 
 
 Native, 1152. 
 louse, 255. 
 borer, 1332, 1640. 
 
 Flat-headed, 1059. 1423, 2238, 
 
 2267. 
 in horse chestnut. Flat- 
 headed, 1310. 
 Insect foes of the, 421. 
 New facts about the round- 
 headed, 1630. 
 Oviposition of the round- 
 headed, 2266. 
 Round-headed, 1059, 1G08, 
 
 2238. 
 Variations in the two-striped 
 1213. 
 borers, 20, 67, 379, 962, 1059. 
 
 on south side of trees, 634. 
 bugs, 685. 
 
 caterpillar. Unicorn, 749. 
 caterpillars, 06, 874, 922, 1054. 
 cocoons, 139. 
 
 Egg-masses and cocoons on, 1000. 
 Insect foes of the, 467. 
 insects, 77, 145, 201, 276, 296, 514, 731, 
 
 1056, 1151, 1733. 
 Lappet caterpillar on, 812. 
 Large motli on, 1028. 
 worm ou, 1048. 
 leaf crumpler, 574, 1311. 
 plant lice, 270, 335, 591, 990, 1429. 
 in OreKon, 1899. 
 Scab in apple ?)«., 1139. 
 lousf, 1127. , 
 
 again. Eggs of, 550. 
 Eggs of the, 507, 539. 
 roots caused by root-lice. Knots in, 
 1187. 
 Insects afiecting, 963. 
 scales, 69. 
 Tent caterpillars of the, 336, 1301, 
 
 2238, 2291. 
 tineid, 92. 
 
 web-caterpillar, 112. 
 worms, 511, 744, 810. 
 trees. Bark lice on, 423. 
 Eggs on, 638. 
 Injured, 537. 
 
 Insects clustered on, 1263. 
 Native bark-lice on, 1061. 
 
 Apple trees. New York weevil on, 1085. 
 Scarred, 951. 
 
 Seed ticks under bark of, 1133. 
 South. Muscle-shaped bark louse 
 on, 1774. 
 twig. Borer in, 839. 
 
 borers, 249, 485, 517, 633, 1163, 1311, 
 1329, 1747, 1776, 1820. 
 Flat-headed, 565. 
 Small borer iu, 1458. 
 twigs. Catydid eggs on, 29. 
 
 Eggs on grape canes and, 1323. 
 Larva boring along the axis of, 1850. 
 Small galls and minings in, 552. 
 vg. apple-tree plant lice. Scab in, 1139. 
 Woolly, slug-like worm on, 796. 
 worm, 211, 330, 376, 1022, 1059, 1666. 
 iu, 177. 
 
 natural history, remedies, 1373. 
 Notes on, 1682, 1721. 
 trap. Thomas Wier's, 1312. 
 worms, 523, 1010. 
 
 by machinery. Killing, 769. 
 Severe cold and hibernating, 769. 
 Apples and codling-moth. Michigan, 1677. 
 Melancholy chafer iu, 842. 
 Kose bug on, 748. 
 Appliances. Remedies and, 2375. 
 Applied entomology. General truths in, 2291, 
 
 2292. 
 Apply soap, 1367. 
 Appropriations for United States Entomological 
 
 Commission, 1843. 
 Aquatic larviB, 1851. 
 
 Sphinx larva, 1951. 
 Arachnida, 1955. 
 
 Characters, 59. 
 Poisonous, 2399. 
 Aragnomus griseus, 2428. 
 Aramigus fuUeri, 1708, 1721, 1740, 2117. 
 
 Habits of, 1708. 
 Archippus butterfly, 1301. 
 
 Pupa of, 1235. 
 Architects. Galls and their, 518, 821. 
 Arctia Isabella = Pyrrharctia Isabella, 
 vlrginica ^= Spilosoma virginica. 
 virgo, 674. 
 Arctic insects, 2347. 
 AretudsB, 2242. 
 Argiope riparia, 830, 1299. 
 Argynnis, 1301. 
 
 bellona, 1410. 
 Argyramwba, 1959. 
 Arhopalus = Cyllene. 
 
 infaustus := Cyllene decorus. 
 pictus = Cyllene pictus. 
 robiniiB = Cyllene robinias. 
 speciosus = Plagionotus speciosna. 
 Aristolochia. Papilio philenor feeding on, 1774. 
 Arizona. Ants injurious in, 1087. 
 Arma spinosa =Podisus spinosus. 
 Army-worm, 11, 17, 120. 070, 876, 906, 1127,1442, 1482, 
 1551, 1570, 2119, 2239, 2267, 2269. 
 Additional notes, 2001. 
 and canker-worm, 910. 
 Complete life-history of the, 1670. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 387 
 
 Arraj'-womi. Eggs of the, 1484. 
 
 and its i'ueiuie«, 10. 
 The fall, 125(5, 1267. 1282, 1301, 1482. 
 Further uotes ou the, 2J5;i. 
 Further notes and ohsorvations 
 
 on the, 1856. 
 Hibernation of, 7, 8, 2086. 
 How it coiut'.s ami goes, 1442. 
 Important point yet to ascertain 
 
 in its history, 1442. 
 Ichueuiuou fly, 1127. 
 and its insect foes, 12. 
 Natural enemies, 1442. 
 
 history complete, 1551. 
 in New York and other Eastern 
 States. Supposed, 1990. 
 . Northern, 18.35. 
 
 notes and inquiries : its work in 
 
 clover, 1877. 
 in 1882, 2122. 
 Parasites, 6, 10, 1670. 
 Prospects. Chinch-bug and, 2087. 
 que.'ition, 8, 9. 
 Recent outbreaks, 2262. 
 remedies, 2090. 
 Supplementary notes, 1482. 
 True, G47. 
 
 vs. the clover hay worm, 2090. 
 in the West. Genuine, 2009. 
 Wheat-head, 1570,2418. 
 worms. Canker-worms not, 1304. 
 Prof. Riley on, 1800. 
 Three so-called, 328. 
 What are, 1400. 
 Arrow- weed. Carpocapsa saltitans on, 2173. 
 AuTfMEsiA. Insects affecting. 
 Cochylis hilaraua, 1059. 
 Galls, 1347. 
 Articulatea, Tersin. Function of the nervous 
 
 system of, 1959. 
 Arzama den.sa, 2357. 
 
 obliquata, 2223. 
 Asaphes memnonius, 1874. 
 Asclej)ia8. Larva on, 1535. 
 Aseraum moestum, 2267. 
 
 Asexual females. Lichtenstein's theory as to di- 
 morphic, 2072. 
 Ash. Borers in black, 1733. 
 
 Cocoons on the flowering, 950. 
 colored locust, 2363. 
 destroyers. Linden and, 1847. 
 gray bli.ster beetle, 1209, 1558. 
 leaf-bng, 1127,1423,2418. 
 pinion, 1301. 
 Ash. Lvsects affkcting. 
 Attacus promethoa, 950. 
 Fatna denudatum, 1733. 
 Hyphantria eunea, 1733. 
 
 textor =:H. cunea. 
 Neoclytus capra;.i ? 1849. 
 Parandra brunnea, 1733, 1R76. 
 Trochilium denudatum = Fatua denudatum. 
 Xyloryctes satyrus, 471. 
 Ash larva. Prickly, 1914. 
 and mountain ash, 705. 
 Plant-louse eggs on apple and mountain, 579. 
 
 Ash root borer, 1876. 
 saw-fly, 2291. 
 
 trees in the nursery. Holes around Uu\ roots 
 of, 471. 
 Ashmead, W. U. Report ou insects injurious to 
 
 garden crojis in Florida, 2388. 
 Ashy-gray lady-biril, 2119. 
 Asia Minor. Hombylid larvaj destroying locust 
 
 eggs in, 2118. 
 A.silid larva, 1643. 
 Asilidn', 1543. 
 AsUas, 660, 668, 1127. 
 
 flies, 1127, 1543, \r,5S, 1643, 1959. 
 
 fly. Large, 668, 1269. 
 
 missouriensis n. «p., 1127 =: Proctacantliua 
 
 milberti. 
 sericeus, 668, l.';43. 
 Asopia costalis, 83, 675, 948, 993, 1132, 1363, 2090. 
 farinalis, 980, 2337. 
 ollnalis, 1363. 
 Asparagus beetle, .524. 
 AsPAKAGU.s. I.\sKrT.s affecting. 
 Crioceris asparagi, 524, ^135. 
 12-punctata, 2135. 
 Aepidiotns, 1, 389. 
 
 aurantii, 2394. 
 
 conchiformis^ilytilaspis poraoruni. 
 barrisii n. sp., 2=Chlonaspis furfurus. 
 pinifolii = Chionaspis piuifolii. 
 rapax, 2235. 
 
 salicis-nigraj n.«p.=: Chionaspis sail- 
 cis. 
 Aspidoglossa subangulata, 372. 
 Aspila viresceus, 1689, 2343. 
 ASTEK. Inskcts affectiso. 
 Diabrotica vittata, 148. 
 Epicauta pennsylvanica, 38. 
 Gortyua nitela, 75, 940. 
 Lytta atrata — Epicauta pennsylvanica. 
 Aster stalk borer. Dahlia and, 940. 
 Astoma gryllarium ;=Troiubidiuin locustamra. 
 locustaruiii =■- Tronibidium locustarum. 
 Trombidium developed from, 2071. 
 Atbysanus maritima, 2116. 
 Atlanta cotton convention address, 2038. 
 Atomizers. Sprinklers and, 18.57. 
 Atlantic migratory locust, 1423, 1625. 
 Atta fervens, 1964,2532. 
 Attacaa angulifcra, 1311. 
 
 cecropia, 139, 209, 238, 277, 287, 297, .542, 629. 
 635, 786, 832, 841, 911, 1028, 1029, 1076, 
 1112, 1215, 1249, 1311, 1533. 
 cyuthia.542,899, 1179, 1311,1343, 1460,1718, 
 
 22P4. 
 luna= Actias luna. 
 polyphemus=: Telea polyphemns. 
 pronietliea.259, 268. 604,629. 950, 1311, I486, 
 
 1797, 2204. • 
 ricini, 1718. 
 Attagenus injunng feathers, 56. 
 
 mfgrttoina,2113. 
 Attractive but untrue, 1644. 
 Attus, 2302. 
 Aulax, 318. 
 
 Austrian pines. False caterpillars on Scotch and, 
 1011. 
 
388 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Azalea. Beetles on, 156. 
 
 Prasocuris varipes on,'156. 
 Bacillus alvei, 2418. 
 Back-rolliug wonder, 1363. 
 Bacterial disease of the imported cabbage-worm 
 
 2251. 
 Bacterium, 2251. 
 Bad packing, 837. 
 
 Baetis famorata ;= Silpblurus femoratus. 
 > iuterlineata n. sp., 39 = Silphlurus femora- 
 
 tus. 
 sicca 11.82}., '■-4- 
 Bffitiscan. <;., 24. 
 
 obesa. Pupa of, 43. 
 Bag- worm, 1059, 1U90, 1189, 1650, 2378. 
 New, 1441. 
 
 at South Pass, Til., 1156. 
 Thyridopteryx ephemeiieformis. Re- 
 marks on, 2272. 
 worms, 182, 266, 538, 641, 738, 1036. 
 again, 815. 
 and borers, 1472. 
 Ways of, 1424. 
 Bahia, Brazil. Cotton culture and the insects af- 
 fecting the plant at, 1788a. 
 Bailey, J. S. Tree borers of the family Cossidse, 
 
 2253. 
 Balaninns rectus, 1310, 1311. 
 Balsam fir. Lachnas strobi on, 1039. 
 Bamboo Sinoxylon, 2454. 
 Banded Ips in calyx of pear, 1239. 
 Baridius sesostris ^= Ampeloglypter sesostris. 
 
 trinotata = Trichobaris trinotata. 
 Bark beetles, 295. 
 
 borer. Hickory, 938, 1329. 
 
 Peach-tree, 2047. 
 borers, 220. 
 
 boring beetles. Packard on the develop- 
 ment of, 2267. 
 lice, 1, 204, 935, 944, 989. 994, 1007. 
 again, 1040. 
 on apple-trees, 423, 1059. 
 
 Kative, 1061. 
 Curculio and, 487. 
 eggs iu Missouri. Supposed, 1084. 
 on grape-vine, 1212. 
 Maple, 1004. 
 Means against, 104. 
 Native apple-tree, 1152. 
 on the pear, 982. 
 
 pears. Ajiple, 973. 
 Preventive of, 1012. 
 remedy, 896. 
 on rose bushes, 1303. 
 louse, 987, 1397, 1583. 
 Apple, 1552. 
 
 on apple - trees South. Muscle- 
 shaped, 1774. 
 enemy, 154. 
 
 Imported apple-tree, 255. 
 Insect foes of the, 417. 
 in Missouri. Oyster-shell, 1169. 
 on Osage orange, 389. 
 Oyster-shell apple, 1127, 1329, 2238. 
 Scurfy apple, 2305. 
 Tulip-tree, 271. 
 
 B.\KI.EY. IKSECTS AFFECTING. 
 
 Lachnosterna fusca, 2394. 
 Nectarophora grauaria, 2394. 
 Sohizoneura sp., 2394. 
 
 Siphonophoraavenie=: Nectarophora grauaria. 
 Barley-root louse, 2394. 
 
 P. M. Webster. Insects affecting, 2394. 
 Barnard, W. S. Macliiiiery for destroying Aletia, 
 2343. 
 Tests of machinery for destroying 
 the cottou-worm, 2253. 
 Basket-worm, 271, 1059, 1090, 1650. 
 Bass. Insects from stomach of rock, 1793. 
 
 Larva; in stomach of black, 1792. 
 Bassus bioapillaris n. S2}., 385. 
 ruticrus n. sp., 385. 
 semifasciatus n. sp., 385. 
 tripicticrus n. sp., 385. 
 Bass-wood. Dipteion ou. 548. 
 Batrachedra salicipomonella, 821. 
 Bazille, Louis.' Obituary, 2370. 
 Be on the guard, 708. 
 Bean. Insects affecting. 
 
 Bruchus faba3, 1001, 1031, 2127, 2238. 
 granarius, 1120. 
 obsoletus, 1155. 1232, 1296. 
 Epilachna corrupta, 2235. 
 Lytta cinerea= Macrobasis unicolor. 
 Macrobasis unicolor, 38. 
 Bean. A new enemy to, 2418. 
 
 weevil, 1155, 1296, 2127, 2238. 
 American, 1301. 
 Beans. Buggy, 1031. 
 Beautiful wood nymph, 1127, 1363. 
 Bed bugs, 1502. 
 
 Lepidium vs., 1741. 
 Bedeguar of the rose, 1939. 
 Bee bread devoured by worms, 1293. 
 Bug preying on honey, 13. 
 disease. Possible cause of the, 704. 
 enemy, 1186. 
 fly, 1959. 
 
 killer. Nebraska, 1127, 1311. 
 killers, 1513. 
 Beetle named, 627. 
 
 Remarkable felting caused by a, 2113. 
 iu Russia. Excessive injury b\% 1935. 
 on sugar maple, 1014. 
 in thistle. 169. 
 Beetles, 1736. 
 
 around peach trees, 751. 
 Food-habits of ground, 17C0. 
 in dried English currants, 1260. 
 in flouring-mills, 1261. 
 injuring cabbages and fuchsias, 1868. 
 in stomach of meadow lark, 1013. 
 in the corn-iield, 2317. 
 Mites p.arasitic on, 315. 
 named, 732, 802, 806, 1172, 1187. 
 on buttercup and azalea, 150. 
 Plant-feeding habits of predaceous, 1956. 
 supposed to be feeding on wheat, 1746. 
 swarming about the lawn, 718. 
 under dead fish, 817. 
 working in whe.at, oats, and rye, 1259. 
 Belated individuals of the periodical Cicada, 618. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 389 
 
 BKlfrapf, G. W. Olutniiry, 2161. 
 
 Belostoiiia aiueruaimiu, -173, :>34,- 733, 1570, 1584. 
 
 gianilo— B. aiiicriiMiitini. 
 Belvoisia bifusciata. i;;'J9, •2M:i. 
 Bembecia marginata, 570, ]3C;!, 1454. 
 
 rubi = B. niargiuat:i. 
 Benibex lasciaia, 543. 
 
 niargiunta, 2230. 
 Benibidium 4-iiiaciilatuni, 3. 
 Bennett, T. Ileport of expeiinicuts at Trenton, 
 
 X. J., 2344. 
 Berberry. AphididaB on, &44. 
 Berne. Phylloxera convention at, 2147. 
 Berry and clierry twiics, 1503. 
 Besclireibiuijxeiner deu Bhneu schadlicheu Gall- 
 
 niiicke, 2392. 
 Be-st s fruit-tree inviporator again, 530. 
 
 iuvigorator ouce more, 545. 
 Betula nigra. Acionycta on, 2280. 
 Biliio albipeunis, 257, 683. 
 BibionidjE, 2076. 
 
 Bibliograpliy of I'all literature, 2059. 
 Bidens chrysanthauioides. SyrphUs sp. caught 
 
 by, 1761. 
 Bill bug. Corn, 2291, 2418. 
 Bidrbiza forticornis, 41, 745. 
 Birch. Clytua sp. ? on, 2267. 
 Bird question dispassionately considered, 1708. 
 Birds. Professor Riley in favor of the, 1675. 
 
 Eelation of Carabid.e and Cocciuellidas to, 
 
 2152. 
 i'«. insect.s, 199. 369. 
 Bittacus apterus. Habits of, 2092. 
 Bitten by an aphid, 220.5. 
 Bitter-sweet. Eiicbenopa binntata on, 1913. 
 
 White waxy secretion on stems of, 
 • 1913. 
 Black ants in gardens. Destroying, 43S. 
 ash. Borers in, 1733. 
 bass. Larva in stomach of, 1792. 
 blister beetle, 10.59, 155S. 
 
 beetles on potatoes, 1381. 
 breeze fly, 1127. 
 bug, 314. 
 
 currant. Currant-'wonus and, 1079. 
 grape- vine caterpillars, 1018. 
 knot once more, 930. 
 legged tortiiise beetle, 1127. 
 potato beetles. Large, 1206. 
 rat blister beetle, 1059, ir>58. 
 walnut. Insects feeding on sap of, 1195. 
 
 and willow. Enemiesof the, 2333. 
 Blackberry borers, 302. 
 
 cane bonTs, 576. 
 gall insects. 318. 
 Pithy, li:U. 
 Galls on, 203. 
 Blackberry. Ix.skcth affectixg. 
 
 .Sgeria rubi — Bembecia marginata. 
 
 8p.,302. 
 Agrilns rnflcollis, 1771. 
 Bembecia marginata, 576, 1364, 1454. 
 Diastrophus cuscnla-tormi.s, 009. 
 
 nfbulo.sus, 263, 010, 1131. 
 sp., 318. 
 Eudemis botrana. 1232. 
 
 Blackiiekrt. iNsErTB AFFECTixo— Continued. 
 Lecauiuni sp., 117. 
 
 Lobe.KJa hot i ana — Eudemis Imtrana. 
 Oberea bimaculatii, ."02, 783, 1303. 
 
 pwrspicillata —. O. bimaculata. 
 tripuut tata, 1503. 
 OJcanthus uiveus, 1503. 
 Psvlla rubi ^ Trioza tripunctata. 
 Trioza tripunctata, 069. 
 Blackberry. New insect foe of the, 609. 
 
 and raspberry canes. Gouty galls 
 
 on, 1771. 
 scale, 117. 
 
 twig. Fuzzy galls on, 609. 
 Pithy galls on, 610. 
 Blastobasis iceiya'clla n. up., 2394. 
 Blastophysa 71. *</., 2272. 
 
 celtidis-geuima n. up., 2272. 
 Blatta, 2267. 
 
 gemianica = Ectobia germanica. 
 Blattida;, 573, 1858. 
 Blennocanipa pygaia?a, 1050, 1252. 
 Blepharida rhois, 849, 1.363. 
 Blepharocerida-, 1981, 2004. 
 Blight. Apple root, 91>7. 
 Blind-eyed Smirinthus, 1912. 
 Going it, 588. 
 
 as those who shut their eyes. None so, 275. 
 Blissus leucopterus, 0, 90, 180, 398, 548, 880, 888, 890, 
 891,894,895,1008,1127,1357, 1402, 1423,1432.1453, 
 1508, 1538. 1081, 2018, 2039, 2048, 2087,2119,2143, 
 2237,2252,2271,2418. 
 Blister beetle. Ash-gray, 1059, 1209, 1558. 
 Black, 1059, 155s. 
 
 rat, 1059, 1,558. 
 Margined, 1059, 1558. 
 on potatoes. Black, 1381. 
 Retarded development in, 1860. 
 Striped, 1059, 1558. 
 beetles, 134, 289, 301, 302, 1059, 1558, 2238. 
 2418. 
 Larval characters and habits of, 
 
 1600. 
 from New Mexico, 1796. 
 Notes on life-historj- of, 1661. 
 Pear leaf, 1739. 
 Blcod-red ladvbird, 2119. 
 
 sucker and pear slug, 1253. 
 sucking cone-nose, 795, 854. 
 Conorbiniis, 2291. 
 Blow-fly. Cheese-fly and, 1266. 
 Bluebird. Ichneumouid from stomach of, 1878. 
 
 Larva" from stomiich of, 1871. 
 Blnebirds feeding on parasitic and predaceooa 
 
 insects, 1885. 
 Blue caterpillars of tho vine. 1127, 1363. 
 
 8])angled ]ieach-worni, 1301. 
 Bogus chinch-bn^, 1127, 1423. 
 
 Colorado potato-beetle. 1558. 
 
 bug, 519. 
 Thrips. True Tlirips and, 203. 
 Yucca moth. True and, 1804. 
 Boll-worm, 821. 1301, 1.^53, 2119, 2104, 2343. 
 Report on, 2164. 
 worms fei'diiig on cabbage, 1915. 
 Bombardier beetle, Kansas, 1311. 
 
390 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bombus, 800, 1032, 1226. 
 
 Hibernation of the queens of, 1032. 
 pennsylvanicus, 800. 
 virginicus, 1774. 
 Bombycidse, 1718. 
 Bombylid larvae destroying locust eggs in Asia 
 
 Minor, 2118. 
 Bombylii, 1959. 
 Bombyliidre, 2118. 
 
 Larval habits, 1947, 2169. 
 Life-habits, 2002. 
 Natural history of certain, 1928. 
 Bombylius major, 1947, 1959. 
 Bombyx arrindria, 899. 
 
 mori =^ Sericaria mori. 
 Bordered soldier bug, 1059. 
 Borer, 47. 
 
 Borers, 55, 141, 233, 907, 1083. 
 Bag-worms and, 1472. 
 Brimstone for, 931. 
 Canker-worms and, 941. 
 Tansy for, 1016. 
 Boston. Entomologists at, 1894. 
 Bostrichus := Amphicerus. 
 
 bicaudatus = Amphicerus bicandatus. 
 Botis. Cauliflower, 2232. 
 
 repetitalis, 2232. 
 Botflies, 114. 
 
 fly. Cattle, 2238. 
 
 Horse, 2238. 
 
 Sheep, 2238. 
 
 Squirrel, 526. 
 
 Botrytis rileyi, 2232. 
 
 Bots, 1563. 
 
 Bowels. LarvjB in human, 382. 
 Box Psylla, 2291. 
 Brachinus, 802. 
 
 americ.inus, 802. 
 Brachyrhynchus, 553. 
 Brachytarsus variegatus, 18, 1461, 1479. 
 Bracon charus n. sp., 1423. 
 Cherished, 1423. 
 scolytivorus n. sp., 1329. 
 Bradynotes opimus n. sp., 1959. 
 Brandt on nervous system of insects, 2225. 
 Branner, J. C. Cotton-caterpillars in Brazil, 2343. 
 Preliminary report of observations 
 upon insects injurious to cotton, 
 orange, and sugar-cane in Brazil, 
 2277. 
 Brauer on Hirmoneura. Review of, 2275. 
 Braula coeca not particularly injurious to the 
 
 honey-bee, 1982. 
 Brazil. Branner, J. C, on cotton-caterpillars in, 
 2343. 
 insects injurious to 
 cotton, orange, and 
 sugar-cane in, 2277. 
 Lignified snake of, 2136. 
 Breakfast. Entomological, 2311. 
 Breeding-cages, 695. 
 
 silk- worm 8, 1648. 
 Breeze-fly. Black, 1127. 
 Brenthian. Northern, 1363. 
 Brimstone for borers, 931. 
 British pest, 2413. 
 
 Broad-necked Prionus. Eggs of, 1329. 
 
 winged katydid, 1329, 1363. 
 Brochymena annulata, 684. 
 Brown mantispian, 1243. 
 
 Brown's answer to inquiries about Colorado po- 
 tato-beetle. Mayor, 1491. 
 Bruchus of Europe just imported. Grain, 1120. 
 fabfB n. sp., 1301, 1631, 2127,2238. 
 Grain, 1301. 
 granarius, 1120, 1301. 
 obsoletus, 1155, 1232, 1296. 
 pisi, 434, 1120, 1301, 1357, 1916, 2238. 
 Bruner, L. Additions to the chronology of locust 
 rav.ages in 1880-'81, 2267. 
 List of North American locusts, 2267. 
 Notes on other locusts and the west- 
 ern cricket, 2267. 
 from Nebraska, 2291. 
 Observations in the Northwest on the 
 Eocky Mountain lo- 
 cust, 2165. 
 on the Rocky Mountain 
 locust and other in- 
 sects in thg North- 
 west during the sum- 
 mer of 1883,2277. 
 Report on the abundance of the 
 Rocky Mouutain locust 
 in 1885,2363. 
 locusts in Texas iu 
 
 spring of 1886, 2382. 
 Nebraska insects, 2382. 
 of the season's observations 
 
 in Nebraska, 2418. 
 on the Rocky Mountain lo- 
 cust in Montana in 1880, 
 2267. . 
 the Rocky Mouutain lo- 
 cust in Wyoming and 
 Montana, etc., in 1881, 
 2267. 
 Bucculatrix. Apple-leaf, 1311. 
 
 pomifoliella, 92. 1311, 1733. 
 thuiella, 1311. 
 Buck fly, 595. 
 
 moth, 1329. 
 Buckeye leaf. Sericoris claypoleana on, 2114. 
 
 stem-borer, 2114. 
 Buckwheat to de.?troy insects. Use of, 1744. 
 
 Webster on insects affecting, 2394. 
 Bnd-eaiing insects, 1408. 
 Buffalo. Entomology in, 2035. 
 
 gnat problem in the Lower Mississippi 
 Valley, 2416. 
 
 Southern, 2291, 2394, 2418. 
 gnats, 2394. 
 
 Webster on, 2388. 
 tree hopper, 415,1329. 
 
 injurious to potatoes, 2107. 
 Bug. A most precious, 575. 
 Buggy beans, 1631. 
 
 peas, 1916. 
 Bug-hunter in Egypt, 372. 
 hunters. Cruel, 440. 
 (, 354. 
 in alcohol, 605. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 391 
 
 Bugs. Hogs v»., 387. 
 Our, 2374. 
 Toads r«., 1103. 
 BDhach. Co<|nillett on the production and manu- 
 facture of, 2364. 
 Bulletin Div. Ent. U. S. Dept. Agric, Xo. 1, 2164. 
 
 2, 2165. 
 3, 2253. 
 4, 2277. 
 6, 2304. 
 8, 2315. 
 9. 1724. 
 * 10, 2378. 
 
 11, 2344. 
 12, 23G4. 
 13, 2382. 
 
 14, 2388. 
 
 15, 238S. 
 Michigan Agric. College, No. 39 (Re- 
 view), 2501. 
 
 United States Entomological Commis- 
 sion, No. 1, 1577. 
 
 2, 157a 
 
 3, 1736. 
 6, 2026. 
 
 Bumble-bees vs. red-clover, 2376. 
 
 "What becomes of, 1032. 
 Bundle of entomological queries, 550. 
 Buprestidae, 821, 2267. 
 Buprestis divaricata ^Dicerca divaricata. 
 
 femorata =Chr.v8obothris femorata. 
 Burr-oak. Insects stripping the, 066. 
 Burgess, E. Anatomy of Aletia, 2343. 
 Burying beetles, 315, 845. 
 Bushels of butterflies, 238. 
 Butalis cerealella, 1232. 
 Buteo pennsylvanicus, 643. 
 Buthus carolinianns, 453, 1119. 
 Butler, A. W. The periodical Cicada in south- 
 eastern Indiana, 2364. 
 Buttercup. Beetles on, 156. 
 
 Insects affecting. 
 Adimonia rufosan guinea, 156. 
 Galeruca rufosanguinea =: Adimonia rufosan- 
 guinea. 
 Butterflies. Bushels of 238. 
 
 caught b}' the tongue, 1761. 
 
 Controlling sex in, 1352. 
 
 Effects of cold applied to the chrys- 
 
 alids of 1778. 
 Hackberry, 1350, 1363. 
 Imitative, 613. 
 Migrations, 1770,1991. 
 Migratory, 1622, 1635. 
 named, 461. 
 
 of New England. Notice of Scud- 
 der's, 2464. 
 North America. Review of Ed- 
 ward's, 395, 479, 623, 827. 
 Odor in, 2025. 
 
 Philosophy of the pupation of, 1711. 
 Swarm of, 400, 1050. 
 Butterfly chrysalis, 1-535. 
 
 Goat-weed, 1117,1127,1329. 
 larva. Carnivorous, 2359. 
 
 Butterfly larva injurious to cotton squares, 1872. 
 pine-trcc-8, 2121. 
 larva?. Summer doiraancyof, 1410. 
 named, 6G6. 
 tongue, 1815. 
 
 trees of Monterey again, 2052. 
 wings. Cheniiealchangoin colorof, 1935. 
 Byrsocrypta pseudobyrsa »». »p., 27. 
 
 vagabuuda ii. sp., 27. 
 Cabbage Anthomyia, 2291. 
 
 bug. ilarbquin, 1099, 1311, 1534, 2238, 2263, 
 ■ 2291. 
 
 butterfly. Imported. 1127, 2291. 
 Laiger, 2232. 
 Southern, 1127. 2232, 2238. 
 cut-worms, 2291. 
 
 Rc-medies for, 2J91. 
 flea-beetle. Colorado, 2291. 
 insects, 1297, 2291, 2418. 
 Cabb.\ge. I.s.sects afkectixq. 
 Agrotis anncxa, 2291. 
 
 clandestina, 2291. 
 malefida, 2291. 
 me.<»soria, 2291. 
 saucia, 2291. 
 telifera = A. ypsilon. 
 ypsilon, 626,2291. 
 Anthomyia brassica', 2291. 
 Aphis brassica?, 1365, 2291. 
 Botis repetitalis, 2232. 
 Caloptenus spretus, 2291. 
 Doryphora 10-lineata, 2291. 
 Elaterid, 740. 
 
 Epica^rus inibricatus, 1868. 
 Iladcna devastatrix, 2291. 
 Heliothis armigera, 1915. 
 Lygus lineolari8= L. pratensis. 
 
 praten.sis, 2291. 
 Mamestra chenopodi =:M. trifolii. 
 picta, 1127, 2232. 
 subjuncta, 2291. 
 trifolii, 2232. 
 Murgantia histrionica, 1097, 1297, 1311, 1634, 
 
 2238, 22G3, 2291. 
 Nysius ans;ustatus, 2291. 
 Oscinis. 2291. 
 
 Phyllotreta albi»nica, 2291. 
 vittat.i, 2J91. 
 zimmermani, 2291. 
 Pieris monuste, 2232. 
 
 oleracca, 835, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 protodice, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 rapa>, 1127, 1257, 1279. 1294. 16M, 1721, 
 2221, 2232, 2238. 2251. 2298. 
 Pionea rimosalis, 191.5, 2232. 
 Plnsia l.rassicii", 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 Plutella .nuiferaruni, 1291, 1297,2232. 
 Strachia hlsirionica= Murgantia histrionica. 
 Cabbage-lice, 136>. 
 
 Mam tjHtra, 2232. 
 
 Oscinis, 2291. 
 
 pest. Our new, 1257. 
 
 pesfs, '40. 
 Pionea. 2232. 
 plant-louse, 2291 
 
392 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cabbage plants. Cut- worms severing, 626. 
 Plusia, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 Plutella, 1291, 2232. 
 
 ■worm. Bacterial disease of the imported, 
 2251. 
 Imported, 2232, 2238, 2291. 
 A new remedy for the imported, 
 
 2298. 
 parasite, 2221. 
 
 in the South. The imported, 1714. 
 Successful introduction of a para- 
 site of the imported, 2291. 
 The westward progress of the im- 
 ported, 1694, 1721. 
 Zebra, 2232. 
 worms, 835, 1127, 1279, 1915, 2232. 
 upon gillyflowers, 614. 
 Remedy for, 1920, 2232. 
 Safe remedies for, 1948. 
 Cabbages and fuchias. Beetles injuring, 1868. 
 Cabinet pests. Means against, 1057. 
 CaccEcia fractivittana, 2475. 
 riloyana, 1059, 1192. 
 rosaceana, 735. 
 T-marked, 2363. 
 Cactus lady-bird, 2119. 
 
 Caddis-worms. Carnivorous habits of, 1839. 
 Calandra granaria, 510, 586, 1259, 1673, 1083, 1742. 
 oryzsB, 510, 1673, 1683, 
 remotepunctata, 15. 
 Calaphis n. g., 27. 
 
 betulella n. sp., 27. 
 Calathus gregarius, 2418. 
 California. Chinch-bug, 2431. 
 
 Truit insects in, 2245. 
 Fuller's rose-beetle in, 1740. 
 Grape Phylloxera in, 1727. 
 Grasshopper ravages in, 2323. 
 Injurious insects in, 2074. 
 Interest in economic entomology in, 
 
 2053. 
 Introduction of Lestophonus icerya 
 
 into, 2522. 
 Locust ravages in, 1959. 
 migratory locust, 2363. 
 Overflow bug in, 2099. 
 Phylloxera in, 2140. 
 Promotion of silk-culture in, 2006. 
 red scale, 2394. 
 Winged Phylloxera in, 1895. 
 Californian locust, 1959. 
 
 orange insects, 2373. 
 Callidium anteuuatum, 50, 319. 
 
 janthinum, 50, 319. 
 Callidryas philea, 1271. 
 
 Secondary sexual characters of, 1784. 
 Callimorpha fulvicosta = C. lecontei. 
 lecontei, 1301. 
 sp., 1871. 
 
 vestalis = C. lecontei. ' 
 Calliphora, 1390. 
 
 vomitoria, 1266. 
 Callipterus, 1678. 
 
 Callochlora viridis = Parrasa chloris. 
 Calloaamia angulifera = Attacus angulifera. 
 
 Callosamia promethea = Attacus promethea. 
 Callostoma fascipennis, 2075, 2118. 
 Calocoris chenopodi, 2458. 
 
 rapidns, 2363. 
 Calomicrns. Characters of, 1799. 
 Calophya nigripennis n. sp., 2272. 
 Caloptenobia n.g., 1643 — Scelio. 
 
 ovivora n. sp. , 1643 = Scelio fameli- 
 cus. 
 Caloptenus,2267. 
 
 atlanis n. sp., 1423, 1549, 1643, 2198, 2232, 
 2363. 
 Packard oiv^e development of, 
 2267. 
 bivittatus, 1959. 
 devastator, 2323, 2377. 
 difi"erentiali8, 1423, 1549, 2323. 
 
 Epidemic disease of, 2240 
 
 Dimorphism in, 1889. 
 
 femur-rubrum, 147, 475, 1423, 1437, 1451, 
 
 1549,1598,1643,2471. 
 
 Mite infesting, 146. 
 
 spretus, 147, 368, 373, 475, 536, 926, 929, 
 
 1423, 1433, 1434, 1437, 1451. 
 
 1452, 1456, 1473, 1481, 1482, 
 
 1488, 1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 
 
 1501, 1521, 1.^27, 1532, 1538, 
 
 1541, 1549, 1555, 1557, 1562, 
 
 1564, 1565, 1566, 1567, 1570, 
 
 1571, 1572, 1573, 1575, 1576, 
 
 1577, 1578, 1582, 1585, 1588, 
 
 1596, 1598, 1612, 1613, 1614, 
 
 1615, 1617, 1643, 1669, 1674, 
 
 1693, 1959, 1994, 1998, 2003, 
 
 2005, 2007, 2040, 2044, 2057, 
 
 2267, 2276, 2291, 2335, 2366. 
 
 (See also Locust; Kooky 
 
 Mountain locust.) 
 Agricultural bearingsof, 1643. 
 Aid of animals against, 1643. 
 Air-sacks of, 1959. 
 Anatomy of, 1643. 
 Animals as foes to, 1643. 
 Autumn flights in 1877, 1643. 
 Birds that feed on, 1643. 
 Brain of, 1959. 
 Breeding-grounds of, 1643. 
 British-American data, 1643. 
 Characters, 1625. 
 Chronological history, 1625. 
 Chronology of ravage.s, 1643, 
 
 1959. 
 Classiflcation, 1643. 
 Colorado data for 1877, 1643. 
 Crops as affected by, 1643. 
 Dakota data, 1643. 
 Destruction(devices for) ,1643. 
 
 (means of), 1643. 
 Development of, 2267. 
 
 as influenced 
 by meteoro- 
 logical condi- 
 tions, 1959. 
 Devices for destruction of, 
 1643. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 393 
 
 Caloptenusspretua. Distribution of, 1625, 1643, 
 
 1959. 
 (southern lim- 
 its on. 1959. 
 Effects that follow severe in- 
 jury. 1C43. 
 Eggs, 1643. 
 
 in same ground for two 
 
 consecutive years, 
 
 1643. 
 
 Enemies (invertebrate), 1643. 
 
 (natural), 1625. 1959. 
 
 (vertebrate), 1643. 
 
 Fires (influence of prairie), 
 
 1643. 
 Flight, 1959. 
 
 (powers of), 1959. 
 Flightsin 1877 (autumn), 1643. 
 from 1877 to 1879, 1959. 
 General considerations, 1625. 
 Habits, 1625, 1643. 
 
 (at night). 1643. 
 Histology, 1643, 1959. 
 Injury (efleets that follow 
 
 severe), 1643. 
 Invertebrate enemies of, 1643. 
 Iowa data, 1643. 
 
 for 1877,1643. 
 Kansas data for 1877, 1643. 
 Losses cau.sed by, 1643. 
 Means against, 1959. 
 Metamorphoses, 1643. 
 Meteorological conditions (in- 
 fluence of, on migrations), 
 1959. 
 Migrations, 1643, 1959. 
 
 (influence of me- 
 teorological 
 conditions on), 
 1959. 
 in 1877, 1643. 
 Minnesota data, 1643. 
 
 for 1877, 1643. 
 Missouri data for 1877, 1643. 
 Native home, 1625. 
 Natural enemies, 1625, 1959. 
 Natural hi.story, 1625, 1643. 
 Nebraska data, 1643. 
 
 for 1877, 1643. 
 New Mexico data, 1643. 
 Night habits of, 1643. 
 Nomenclature, 1643. 
 Parasites on eggs, 1612. 
 Permanent breeding-grounds 
 
 of. 1643. 
 Powers of injury, 1625. 
 Practical considerations, 1625. 
 Prairie fires and, 1(>43. 
 Previous visitations of, 1643. 
 Bavages of (chronology of), 
 1643, 1959. 
 (east of the Mis- 
 sissippi), 1625. 
 (relative to .agri- 
 culture), 1959. 
 
 Caloptenusspretus. Remedies, 1643. 
 
 .StatiHticH of losses caused 
 
 by, 1643. 
 in the temporary region af- 
 ter thu departurejof the re- 
 turn swanuH, 1643. 
 Texas data, 1957. 
 
 for 1877, 1643. 
 Transformations, 1625. 
 travel. Direction in which 
 
 young. 1643. 
 Uses of. 1643. 
 Utah data, 1643. 
 Vertebrate enemies of, 1643. 
 Visitation of, 1643. 
 "Weather (efi^ects of). 1643. 
 Wings (time of year when 
 
 ac(iuircd). 1643. 
 Young in country where 
 they hatch, 1625. 
 CalopteroD and Photinus. Food of, 2358. 
 . reticulatum, 800. 
 terminale, 806, 2358. 
 Calosoma calidum, 721, 1274, 1314, 1357, 1672. 
 
 scrutator, 1226, 1898. 
 Calves. Lice on, 889. 
 Cambala annulata, 193, 236. 
 
 multistriatus = C. annulata. 
 Camel cricket, 1059. 
 Camnula atrox, 1959. 
 
 pellncida, 1959, 2044, 2313, 2363. 
 Campoplex fugitiva— -Limueria fugitiva. 
 Camptonotns scudderi, 2276. 
 Campyloneura vitripennis, 1301. 
 Canadian Entomologist (Review), 395, 479, 827. 
 Canker-worm, 86, 172, 1021, 1066, 1127, 1363, 2012. 
 again, 173. 
 
 Array-worm and, 910. 
 Cure for, 1426. 
 Fall, 1423, 1482, 2238. 
 Howell, A. J. Experience with 
 
 the Spring, 2267. 
 once more, 274. 
 parasite, 717. 
 Spring, 1423, 1482, 2238. 
 worms, 91, 96, .^02, 1482, 2267, 2270. 
 not army-worms, 1304. 
 Borers and, 941. 
 Concerning, 2149. 
 Remarks on, 1438. 
 at the West, 15.'t9. 
 Can'na flavida. Famphila ethlius feeding on, 1897. 
 
 Hesperid larva feeding on, 1897. 
 Cannibal mites, 624. 
 Cantharis cinerea = Macrobaai8 onicolor. 
 
 vesicatona,2118. 
 Canthou chakite.-*, 1172. 
 
 hudsonias ^^C. Iwvis. 
 lavis, 1172,1386. 
 Cape. Grape Phylloxera not at tlie, 1841. 
 Capitalizing specific names, 2170, 2257. 
 Capnia minima. 1141. 
 Capsns oblineatu8 = Lygns pratensis. 
 
 4-vittatu9 = P(Bcilocap«nK lineatus 
 Carabida-, 1537, 1726, 1738, 1760, 1956. 
 
394 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Carabidje and Coccinellid» to birds. Kelations 
 of, 2152. 
 Food relations of, 
 2151. 
 Curculio-feeding habits of, 372. 
 Horn's classiflcatiou of, 2051. 
 Mode of oviposition of, 2341, 2355. 
 Care of entomological specimens. On the, 2290. 
 Carnivorous. Are honey-bees, 2098. 
 
 butterfly larva, 2359, 2361. 
 habits of caddis-worms, 1839. 
 propensities of plant-feeders, 1867. 
 Carolina sphinx, 1262. 
 Carpet-beetle. The imported, 1699. 
 Trapping the, 1752. 
 bug, 1659. 
 pests, 1663. 
 Carpets in Texas. A tineid on, 2531. 
 Carpocapsa, 934. 
 
 poraonella 57, 307, 330, 367, 373, 377, 
 387, 454, 467, 523, 565, 769, 977, 1010, 
 1022, 1056, 1059, 1254, 1301, 1311, 1320, 
 1329, 1334, 13G3, 1373, 1394, 1398, 1476, 
 1496, 1609, 1666, 1695, 1721, 1887, 2037, 
 2230, 2261, 2293, 2418. ^, 
 
 sal titans, 1496, 1609, 2163,2173. ' 
 Carrying out the law, 1993. 
 Carteria laccse, 2119. 
 larreae, 2119. 
 mexicana, 2119. 
 Case-bearer. Dominican, 1363. 
 
 Lepidopterous, 260. 
 Walnut, 1311. 
 Cassida, 94, 1238. 
 
 anrichalcea = Coptocycla aurichalcea. 
 
 bivittata, 681, 993, 1127, 1.511). 
 
 clavata = Coptocycla clavata. 
 
 nigripes, 1127, 1510, 1697. 
 
 pallida =: Coptocycla aurichalcea. 
 
 5-punctata n. sp., 767 = Physonota uni- 
 
 punctata. 
 texana, 2096, 2215, 2235. 
 Cassididaj, 105, 767, 973, 1056, 1082, 1510. 
 Castor bean. Locusts eat the, 1645. 
 Catalogues and monographs, 1765. 
 Catalogus coltopterorum, 1866. 
 Catalpa sphinx, 2119, 2291. 
 Cat-bird. Tipula eggs in stomach of the, 1735, 
 
 1745. 
 Catcher. Dr. Hull's Curculio, 651. 
 Caterpillar nuisance, 1995. 
 Caterpillars named, 857, 1276. 
 
 Stinging, 1748. 
 Catocentrus n. g., 385. 
 Cattle bot-fly, 2238. 
 Catydid eggs, 29, 247. 
 
 as an enemy to Doryphora 10-lineata, 313. 
 Catydids. Food of, 143, 241. 
 Cauliflower Botis, 2232. 
 Cause of variation in organic forms, 2460. 
 Cave fauna of Kentucky. Coleopterous, 2033. 
 Cecidomyia, 1077, 1461. 
 
 albovittata n. gp., 46. 
 carbonifera, 1924. 
 cornutaM. sp.,A6. 
 Cranberry, 194. 
 crataegi-bedeguar n. gp., 376. 
 
 Cecidomyia cuprcssi-ananassa n. sp., 1180. 
 
 destructor, 6, 62, 122, 150, 157, 250, 426, 
 494, 711, 1506, 1581, 1587, 1665, 1690, 
 1721, 1787, 2008, 2031, 2235, 2267, 2331, 
 2365, 2395, 2398. 
 impatientis, 852. 
 legumiuicola, 1690, 1721, 2238. 
 orbitalis n. «^.,46. 
 oryziB, 1949. 
 q.-pilula3 n. sp., 41, 799. 
 q.-symetrica, 799. 
 s.-iEnigma /i. sp., 46 = Acarus s.-aenig- 
 
 ma. 
 s.-batatas n. sp., 46. 
 s.-brasaicoides n. sp., 46, 518. 
 s.-cornu n.sp.,iG, 197. 
 s.-coryloides n. sp., 46, 518. 
 s.-gnaphalioides n. sp., 46. 
 s.-hordeoides n. sp., 46. 
 s.-nodulusn. sp., 46. 
 s.-rhodoides n. sp., 46. 
 8. -semen »i. sp., 4b =r Acarus s.-semen. 
 s.-siliqua n. sp., 46, 1170. 
 s.-strobiliscus n. sp., 46, 197. 
 s.-strobiloides n. sp., 46, 518. 
 s.-triticoides w. sp., 46. 
 8. -verruca ti. sp., 46. 
 secalina, 2267. 
 solidaginis, 798. 
 sp., 799, 963. 
 
 tritici = Diplosis tritici. 
 tubicola, 1232. 
 
 v.-coryloides n. sp., 518, 1329. 
 v.-lituus =C. v.-viticola. 
 v.-pomum n. sp., 403, 518, 128i, 1329, 
 
 1898, 2136. 
 v.-viticola, 791, 1077, 1116, 1329. 
 Cecidomyid gall on Cratasgus, 376. 
 
 in wheat, 18. 
 Cecidomyidie, 294, 518, 799. 
 
 on grape. G.^ll.s of. 111. 
 
 salix. Galls of, 46, 197. 
 new species, 40. 
 Cecil's books of natural history (Review), 506. 
 Cecropia Cryptus, 1301. 
 moth, 1112. 
 
 caterpillars, 786. 
 cocoon, 635, 
 silk-worm, 1311. 
 
 Remarkable abundance of, 
 2511. 
 Tacbina fly, 1311. 
 worm, 1215, 1249. 
 
 on elder, 1533. 
 Cedar. Insects affkcting. 
 Callidiam antenuatum, 319. 
 
 janthinum, 319. 
 Cerambycid, 1324. 
 
 Thyridopteryx ephemerseformis, 427. 
 Cedar longicorns, 319. 
 Celaena reniger.a = Hadena renigera. 
 Celery. In'sects AFFEcriNG. 
 
 Buprestis divaricata = Dicerca divaricata. 
 Dicerca divaricata, 1063. 
 Tettigonid, 452. 
 Trocliilium sp., 1063. 
 Celery. Leaf-hoppurs on, 452. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 395 
 
 Celtis. 2208. 
 Centennial insects, 1611. 
 
 Those. 1511. 
 Central America. Prevalence of screw-worm in, 
 2158. 
 Soport on cotton crop and its 
 enemies in, 2343. 
 Cephalomyia ovis = CEstrus ovia. 
 Cerambj-cidje, 1324, 2267. 
 
 Food babits of, 1902. . 
 
 Cerastopborus cinctus = Chion cinctus. 
 Ceratiua diipla, 1171. 
 Ceratocauipa iraperiali8 = 'EacIe.s iroperialis. 
 
 regalis=:Citheronia rej;alis. 
 Ceratomia catalpa?, 2119. 
 
 hageni, 2119. . 
 CercopididtB, 882. 
 Cercopsylla n. g., 2272. 
 
 sideroxyli n. sp., 2272. 
 Cereals. Insects injurious to, 2238. 
 ' Ceresa bubalus, 415, 1323, 1329, 2107, 2195, 2235. 
 Cermatia forceps, 752, 764, 1154. 
 Cerococcus quercvis, 2119. 
 Ceropales ruflventris n. sp., 37.5, 543. 
 Ceroplastea cirripediformis, 2450. 
 
 »i.*p.,19G4. 
 Ceropsylla n. g., 2272. 
 
 sideroxyli n. «j>., 2272. 
 Ceroptres ensiger, 41. 
 flcus, 745. 
 inermis, 41. 
 petiolicola, 41. 
 Cerotoma camiuea, 2418. 
 Cenira multiscripta n. ep., 1411. 
 Cetonia, 2105. 
 
 inda = Euphoria inda. 
 Cbaerocampaparapinatrix = AmpelophagamjTon. 
 Chietocbilus pometellus, 874. 
 Cha;topborn.s, 1678. 
 Cliietoptria bypericana, 2076. 
 Chafer. Melancholy, 522. 
 
 Kose, 1329. 
 Chalcid egg parasites. Efficacy of, 2115. 
 
 fly, 1643, 1959. 
 Cbalcididffl, 128, 384, 2115. 2,343. 
 
 Joint- worm not one of the, 49. 
 Chalcia albifrons n. gp., 6 := Smicra albifrons. 
 fly, 1059. 
 Inflating, 1059. 
 
 maria) n.sp., 1112=^Spilochalci8 mariic. 
 Mary, 1311. 
 ovata, 2343. 
 Chalcophora virginiensis, 2267. 
 Chalepus tracbypygu.-}, 273, 1911. 1949. 1973, 2119. 
 Cbanibers. V. T. Obituary, 2218. 
 Change of habit, 2096. 
 
 in vegetation caused by locusts, 1495. 
 Chapin's apple-leaf sewer, 1721. 
 Chariesterns antennator. 847. 
 Chauliodes. Larval characteristics of. 1652. 
 pectinicorni.><, 712. 
 ra.stricomis, 712. 
 ( 'hanliognathus pennaylvanicus, 372. 374, 1959. 
 Cheese-fly and blow-fly. 1266. 
 
 Other insects aflfeclitg, 1703. 
 skipper, 1700. 
 
 Chelifer cancroides, 1884. 
 Cbelymorplia argua, 767. 
 
 cribraria :=C. argns. 
 Chemical changes in the color of butterfly wings, 
 
 1930. 
 Cbenopodium hybridum. Lixus macor bred from, 
 
 2404. 
 Cherished bracon. 1423. • 
 Chernetida3, 1884. 
 Cherry aphis, 960. 
 
 borer. Flat-headed. 2267. 
 Caterpillars neat on wild, 242. 
 Cocoon on wild, 259. 
 C'HF.KKY. Is.SF.CT.S AFFECTINO. 
 
 Acarid, 1265: 
 
 Aphis ceraai = Myzus ceraai. 
 
 Attacus polypbemus. 1164. 
 
 prometbea, 257. 
 Dicerca divaricata, 2267. 
 Eriocampa cerasi, 1222. 
 Hyphautria cunea, 242. 
 
 textor= II. cunea. 
 Myzus cerasi, 9C0, 1007, 1207, 1251. 
 QCcanthus uiveus, 1503. 
 Scolytus rugulosua, 1940. 
 Selandria cerasi = Eriocampa cerasL 
 Telea j)olyi)hemu3= Attacus polypbemus. 
 Cherry plant-lice. Destroying, 1207. 
 
 and their foea, 1251. 
 tree borers, 1063. 
 
 plant lice, 10(J7. 
 trees. Minute borers in, 1940. 
 Slug on i)ear and, 1222. 
 twigs. Berry and, 1503. 
 Chester onion pest, 2319. 
 Chestnut. Gall on, 353. 
 
 Gregarious worms on horse, 1192. 
 Phylloxera ap. on, 353. 
 Chicken mite, 1308. 
 Chickweed. Geometer, 1059, 1154. 
 
 Haimatopis grataria on, 1059, 1154. 
 Chilo orj-zaeellus n gp., 2119, 2120. 
 Chilocorus bivulnerus, 38, 188. 301, 417. 730. 731. 
 
 1554, 1798, 1883. 
 CHLNA-TUEE. I.NSECT8 AFFKCTINO, 1964. 
 
 Atta fervens, 1964. 
 Ceroplaates ap., 196J. 
 Lecanium sp., 1964. 
 Chinch-bug. 584, 880, 891, 894. 1127, 1423. 1508, 1681, 
 2018, 2039, 2048, 2271, 2363. 2418. 
 and ariny-worui prospects, 2087. 
 IJogus, 1127, 1423. 
 Bug allied to. 90. 
 Bugs on grape-vines mistaken for, 
 
 398. 
 Diseases of. 2143. 
 False, 1329, 1423, 2291. 241& 
 in Xew York, 22.17, 2252. 2271. 
 not in seed grain, 888. 
 notes, 2119. 2291. 
 once more, 890, 894. 
 bugs. S. A. Forbes. ETperiinenta on. 2165. 
 Gennine r». bogus, 1402. 
 Locusts vs., 1^2. 
 Chion cinctiio, sri. 
 Chionaepis euronymi, 2403. 
 
396 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chionapsis furfiirus, 2, 188, 264, 345, 372, 373, 579, 
 951, 1008, 1040, 1061, 1152, 1554, 1968, 
 2305. 
 pinifolii, 97, 1329, 2079. 
 salicis, 373. 
 
 nigriE n. sp., 373 =: C. salicis. 
 Chipman, A. J. Locust uotes in 1880, 2267. 
 Chiro omus, 167, 625. • 
 Chlfenius inipunctifrons, 2340. 
 Chlamys plicata, 1363. 
 Chlorion cajrnleum, 543. 
 Chloroneura 7i.g., 22=Empoasca. 
 
 abnormis n. sp., 22 = Empoasca ab- 
 
 normis. 
 maleflca n. sp., 22 = Empoasca viri- 
 
 descens. 
 n3aligna7i.«p.,22 = Empoasca obtusa. 
 Chloroperla brunnipeunis n. sp., 24. 
 fumipennis, 24. 
 nana n. sp., 24. 
 Chlorops, 1461, 2060. 
 Chorinaeus cariniger, 385. 
 Chortophaga viridifasciata, 1566. 
 Chronology of locust ravages in 1880-'81, 2267. 
 ChrysididiV, 375. 
 Chryaobothris, 934. 
 
 femorata, 2, 6, 55, 352, 377, 379, 537, 
 555, 578, 634, 870, 1059, 1227, 1250, 
 1316, 13G7, 1423, 1454, 1472, 1475, 
 1513, 1640, 2267. 
 Chrysocbua auratus, 735, 790. 
 Cbrysomela bigsbyana, 323. 
 
 cy'anea := Gastroidea cyanea 
 philadelpbica, 323. 
 scalaris, 45. 
 Chrysomelida;, 323, 2229. 
 Chrysopa plorabunda, 584, 1127. 
 
 sp., 372, 533. 
 Cicada. 189, 213, 372, 431. 
 
 alias the seventeen-year locust. Period- 
 ical, 1159, 1971, 1979. 
 Belated individuals of tbe periodical, 648. 
 canicularis = C. tibiceu. 
 cassini = Tibicen cassini. 
 Fungus in, 1809. 
 in Iowa. Seventeen-year, 1737. 
 Little, 1242. 
 
 in Massachusetts. Periodical, 2321. 
 Note on the periodical, 2318. 
 our first brood established. Periodical, 
 
 707. 
 pai-vula = Melampsalta parvula. 
 Periodical, 474, 527, 619, 1059, 1159, 1489, 
 1624, 1836, 2014, 2216, 2312, 2314, 2315, 2318, 
 2320, 2363. 
 Premature appearance of the periodical, 
 
 2320, 2326. 
 pruinosa = C. tibicen. 
 in savin-twigs. Eggs of tbe periodical, 
 
 698. 
 aeptendecim = Tibicen septendecim. 
 
 Influence of climate'on 2329. 
 Instinct of, 2144. 
 Some popular fallacies re- 
 garding, 2367. 
 Seventeen-year, 1034, 1093, 1698, 2312, 2314. 
 
 1997. 
 
 920. 
 
 Cicada. Song notes of the periodical, 2334. 
 
 in southeastern Indiana, Butler, A. "W. 
 The periodical, 2304. 
 Massachusetts. Period- 
 ical, 2216. 
 Sting of the, 371, 372, 407. 
 tibicen, 920, 1034, 1546. 
 tredecim = Tibicen tredecim. 
 Twigs punctured by periodical, 1055. 
 years, 51. 
 Cicadas, 26,2311. 
 
 Cotton-worms and, 
 Destroying, 2305. 
 and walking-sticks 
 Cicadida;, 431. 
 Cicadula exitiosa, 1766. 
 Cicindela repanda, 1763. 
 6-guttata, 347. 
 vulgaris, 628. 
 Cicindelidas, 719. . 
 
 Cimbex americana, 699, 1380, 1514, 2291, 2333, 2418. 
 
 laportei = C. americana. 
 Cioidffi, 1937. 
 
 Circotettix maculatus n. sp., 1959. 
 Circular No. 1, United States Entomological Com- 
 mission, 1575. 
 2, United States Entomological Com- 
 mission, 1576. 
 9, U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. Ent., 2303. 
 Cirrhophanus triaugulifer, 2189. 
 CiiTospilus esurus n. sp., 1712= Tetrastichus esu- 
 rus. 
 flavicinctus n. sp., in Lintner's first 
 report. (See foot-note 1, p. 379.) 
 Cis fuscipes, 1737. 
 Citheronia regalis, 425, 629, 702, 775, 803, 800, 1087, 
 
 1275. 
 Clemens, B. Obituaryj223. 
 Cleonus sp., 1755. 
 Cleora. Evergreen, 23G3. 
 Cleridpe, 13G3. 
 Clerus nigripes = C. 4-guttatu8. 
 
 4-guttatus, 200. 
 Click-beetle larva>, 1543. 
 
 beetles, 84, 351, 1625. ' 
 Climate on Cicada septendecim. The influence of 
 2329. 
 for Doryphora, 1412. 
 
 on prolongation of life of in.sects. Efiects 
 of, 1129. 
 Climbing cut-worms, 1059. 
 
 Clisiocampa americana, 66, 77, 112, 240, 277, 33G, 350, ^ 
 363, 642. 819, 1181, 1301, 1352, 2238. 
 disstria, 240, 291, 328, 363, 645, 646, C88, 
 
 1127, 1181, 1200, 1301, 1331. 
 sylvatica=C. disstria. 
 Cloantha dernpta, 2410. 
 Clce dubia n. sp., 24. 
 
 ferruginea n. sp., 24. 
 fluctuans ti. sp.. 24. 
 mendax n. sp., 2i. 
 Close of the first volume, 701. 
 Clostera americana =; Ichthyura inclusa. 
 Clothes moths, 70, 1633. 
 
 observed in the United States, 
 2146. 
 
1NL)K\. 
 
 397 
 
 Clover. Army-worm notes and imiuiries, its 
 work on, 18T7. 
 beetle. Flaveseent, 3tU4. 
 Bumble-bees vg. red, 2376. 
 enemy. New imported, 2028. 
 hay-worm, 1363. 
 
 ArTn}--wornj vs., 2090. 
 Clo\'ek. Insects affecting, 1690, 2050. 
 
 Asopia costalis, 83, 675, 948, 1132, 1363, 2090. 
 Cet-idomyia lejjuminicola, 1690, 1721, 2238. 
 Drasteria erecbtea, 1459. 
 Hylesiuus trifolii, 1690, 1721, 1777, 1846. 
 Leucania unipimcta, 1877. 
 O.icinis sp., 2394, 
 
 Pliytononius pinictatus, 2010, 2028, 2061, 2119. 
 Pyralis olinrlis^ Asopia costalis. 
 Sitonos flavesceiis, 2394. 
 Clover-leaf beetle, 2119. 
 
 weevil. Furtber notes on, 2061. 
 New imported enemy to, 2010. 
 root borer, 1721, 1846, 2512. 
 seed midge, 1721, 2238, 2291. 
 stem maggot. 2394. 
 ■Webster, F. M. Insects affecting white, 
 
 2394. 
 weevil, 1777. 
 worms, 83, 675, 948, 1132. 
 Clubbed tortoise beetle, 1127, 1558. 
 
 Larva of, 1238. 
 Cluster flies. Notes on, 2174. 
 
 fly, 2128. 
 Clydonopteron ra.gr., 1929. 
 
 tecomae n. gp., 1929. 
 Clytus capra'a =Neoelytus caprsea. 
 Oak, 2267. 
 
 pictus = Cyllene pictus. 
 robini» = Cyllene robiniiE. 
 speciosus = Plagionotus speciosua. 
 Coccid mistaken for a gall, 1972. 
 Coccidaj, 1329, 1883, 1968, '2088, 2137, 2235, 2520. 
 
 Means against, 104, 218, 264,301,487,508, 
 
 944, 2372, 2373, 2403. 
 Monograph of, 1828. 
 Coccinella munda = C. sanguinea. 
 
 sangninca, 6. 
 Coccinellidie, 69, 322. 323, 639, 8^4, 1883, 1956, 2119. 
 
 to birds. R(dations of Carabida> 
 
 and, 2152. 
 Food relations of Carabidm and, 
 
 21.51. 
 Habits of, 125. 
 Coccotorus scutellaris, 33, 34, 42, 254, 373, 377, 1301, 
 
 1378. 
 Coccus, 159. 
 
 harrisii =; Cbionaspi.s furfunis. 
 Cochylis hilarana, 10.59. 
 Cocklebnr. Rhodoba-nus 13-punctatu8 on, 1301. 
 
 Spbenopboms, 1301. 
 Cockroach eggs, 573. 
 Cockroaches. Means against, 1197. 
 Cockscomb elm gall, 1384. 
 
 Codling moth, 57, 307, 373, 1022, 10.59, 1127, 12.S4, 
 1329, 1334, 1363, 1476, 1677, 2119. 
 2293, 2418. 
 again, 1301, 1311. 
 heresies, 1398. 
 
 Codling moth. Jarring down infesfo*! fruit, 1318. 
 Mieliigan apples and, 1077. 
 « Wier's trap, 1334. 
 
 Cadiodes ina^qualis^Craponius intcqualis. 
 Cirlodasys unicornis, 749, 880, 1280. 
 Coffee-borer, 498. 
 
 Cohn, F. The Hessian fly in Silesia in 1869, 2267. 
 Colaspis, 372. 
 
 barbara, 1301. 
 
 ttavida, 129, 1.33, 135, 231, 993, 1301, 1311. 
 
 1904. 
 Grape-vine, 231, 1301. 
 Cold applied to chrysalids of butterflies. Effects 
 of, 1778. 
 on Carculio. Influence of extreme, 1335. 
 and hibernating apple-worms. Severe, 2037. 
 on insects. Etfecf s of severe, 1818. 
 
 the scale insects of the orange in Florida. 
 Voyle, J. Effects of, 2277. 
 Coleophora. Apple, 1721. 
 
 malivorella n. gp., 1721. 
 Coleoptera, 1329, 1904, 2267. 
 
 Classification of North American, 
 
 2085. 
 Mj-rmicophilons, ?105. 
 of Nortli America. The new classifi- 
 cation of. 2175. 
 Parasitic, 2353. 
 Willow-galls made by, 46. 
 Coleopterornm. Catalogus, 1866. 
 Coleopterous cave fauna of Kentucky, 2033. 
 
 larvas. Remarkable, 40. 
 Colias. The genus, 2259. 
 
 philodice, 461. 
 Collecting and preserving insects, 881, 1057. 
 Colonies. Silk-cnltun- in the. 2278. 
 Colopha niniicola. 27, 137, 151, 518, 1384, 1678. 
 Colorado beetle poisonous ? Is the, 1405. 
 cabbage flea-beetle, 2291. 
 grasshopper, 502. 
 
 potato-beetle, 21, 991, 1059, 1311, 1329, 
 1363, 1423, 1482, 1558, 
 1570,2291,2294,2418. 
 abroad, 1.364, 1407,1431. 
 again, ir.Ol. 
 Bogu.s, 1558. 
 in Europe, 1597. 
 Experience with the, 
 
 1.518. 
 Inquiries concernins 
 
 the, 1401. 
 Insect enemies of the, 
 
 411. 
 Mite parasite of the, 1505. 
 Native home of the, 1462. 
 in New nan)i»»liire, 1859. 
 
 New York, 1379. 
 Onward march of the, 
 
 1218. 
 poisonous f In the, 1483. 
 Poisonous qualities of 
 
 the, 1425. 
 Specific for, 1400. 
 potato-bug, 293, 334, 366. 
 Bogus, 519. 
 
398 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Colorado potato-bug. Poisonous qualities of the, 
 1101. 
 bugs. To destroy, 650. 
 Coloration in insects. Unity of, 50. 
 Come. Still they, 908. 
 Common Curculio and its allies, 254. 
 
 flesh-fly, 1423, 1570, 1625, 1643. 
 longicom pine-borer, 2291. 
 May beetle. Eggs of, 1329. 
 Commoner insects. Notes on our, 1802. 
 Companion wheat-fly, 2394. 
 Complimentary, 504. 
 
 Corapositse. Antistrophus confined to the, 1131. 
 Compsomyia macellaria, 2256. 
 Comstock on the classification of insects, 2390. 
 Diaspinff, 2227. 
 J. H. Report on miscellaneous insects, 
 2119. 
 Conchylis erigeronanan. sp., 1968. 
 cenotherana n. sp., 1968. 
 Conclusions. Jumping at, 253. 
 Cone-nose. Blood-sucking, 795, 854. 
 Confessing the corn, 256. 
 Confounding friend with foe, 1378. 
 Conocephalus, 2267. 
 Couorhinus. Blood-sucking, 2291. 
 
 sanguisugus, 497, 795, 854. 
 Conotrachelus, 934. 
 
 anaglypticus, 372. 
 crataegi n. sp., 35, 358, 1301, 1358. 
 geminatus, 34. 
 
 nenuphar,6, 33, 42,50,98,188, 237,254, 
 290, 329, 367, 372, 373, 377, 387, 439, 
 487, 501, 566, 589, 620, 649, 680, 703, 
 873, 930, 958, 978, 1056, 1059,1062, 
 1069, 1071, 1129, 1135, 1173, 1177, 
 1201, 1214, 1258, 1301, 1325, 1357, 
 1358, 1372, 1477, 1685, 2230, 2296. 
 puncticollis n. sp., 34^ C. gemina- 
 tus. 
 Controlling sex in butterflies, 1352. 
 Convolulaceae, Insects, 1238. 
 Cook on insecticides. Review of, 2501. 
 Cooke's injurious insects of the orchard. Review 
 
 of, 2245. 
 Copidryas gloveri, 2486. 
 Copper nnderwing. Spattered, 1301. 
 Copris carolin.a, 416. 
 Coptocycla, 1238. 
 
 aurichalcea, 681, 736, 802, 1127, 1510. 
 bivittata = Cassida bivittata. 
 clavata, 693, 742, 767, 1238, 1558. 
 guttata, 1127, 1510. 
 nigripes = Cassida nigripes. 
 Coquillett, D. W. Remedies for cottony cushion - 
 scale, 2394. 
 Report on the gas treatment for 
 scale insects, 
 2418. 
 locusts of the San 
 Joaquin Val- 
 ley, California, 
 2363. 
 production and 
 manufacture of 
 buhach, 2364. 
 
 Cordulia ? molesta n. sp., 39. 
 Cordyceps, 332, 478. 
 
 ravenelii, 594, 640. 
 Coreus tristis = Anasa tristis. 
 Corimelsena pulicaria, 354, 637, 741, 1046. 
 Corn bill-bug. 2119, 2291, 2418. 
 borer, 754. 
 Confessing the, 256. 
 Curculio, 1042. 
 cut- worm, 1059. 
 ear- worm, 2238. 
 feeding Syrphus-fly, 2422. 
 fields. Beetles in, 2317. 
 Corn. Insects affecting, 2119. 
 Agonoderus pallipes, 2317. 
 Anthomyia zeaa, 657, 1059, 1066. 
 Aphis maidis, 23. 
 Butalis cerealella, 1232. 
 Calaudra granaria, 1683. 
 
 oryzfe, 1683. 
 Cetonia inda = Euphoria inda. 
 Cut-worm, 1073. 
 
 Diabrotica longicornis, 1905, 2187. 
 Empretia stimulea, 754. 
 Euphoria inda, 1655. 
 Gortyna nitela, 754. 
 
 sp., 138. 
 Hadena sp., 1047. 
 
 Heliothis armigera, 192, 1301, 1664, 2119, 2238. 
 Ips fasciatus, 4. 
 
 4-8ignatu8 = I. fasciatus. 
 Lepidopteron, 162. 
 Mesograpta polita, 2422. 
 Noctuid, 181. 
 
 Pempelia ligno.sella, 2119. 
 Sphenophori, 2030. 
 Sphenophorus robustus, 2119. 
 
 sculptilis, 337, 1042, 1301. 
 zeas = S. sculptilis. 
 Com insects. Potato and, 138. 
 
 Larval habits of Sphenophori that attack, 
 
 2030. 
 A new enemy to, 1905. 
 foeof the, 337. 
 insect foe of green, 1655. 
 pest. Unknown, 1073. 
 plant louse, 2418. 
 root Diabrotica, 2187. 
 
 louse, a new enemy to the corn, 23. 
 
 rustic, 105Q. 
 
 Serious injury to stored and cribbed, 1683. 
 Sphenophorus, 1301. 
 stalk borer. Smaller, 2119. 
 Webster, F. M. Insects aflfecting, 2418. 
 worm, 192, 820, 1301. 
 "Worm in 181. 
 worms, 162, 1047, 1664, 2119. 
 The w.ir on, 1522. 
 Corrected. A few errors, 977. 
 Correction, 939. 
 
 Entomological. 1328. 
 Phylloxera, 1355. 
 
 Corrodentia, 2267. 
 Corticaria pumila, 2418. 
 Corycia vestaliata, 744. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 399 
 
 Corydalus cornutns, 130, 308, 473, 1329, 1570, 1584, 
 1627, 1652. 
 Larval I'haraeters of, 1652. 
 Corynetos rutipes:^ Xecrobia rufipes. 
 Corytliuca ciliata, 200, 400. 
 Cosoiiioptera dominica, 1363, 2093. 
 CossidiL', Railey, J. S. The troe borers of the 
 
 family, 2253. 
 Cossiis robiniic. 37, 245, 967, 1003, 1121. 
 Cotalpa lanigcra, 40. 
 Cotton b.lt. Sniitb, E. A., 2343. 
 bollworm, 2238. 
 
 bolls. Euryoiuia inelancholica vs., 2451. 
 in Brazil, Branner, J. C. Insects injari- 
 
 0U9 to, 2277. 
 caterpillar, 1353, 1801. 
 caterpillars in Brazil, Branner, J. C, 2343. 
 convention. Address at Atlanta, 2038. 
 crop and its enemies in Mexico, Central 
 and South Amei-ica, and the West In- 
 dies. Report on the, 2343. 
 culture and the insects affecting the plant 
 
 at Bahia. Brazil, 1788«. 
 destroyers, l.'<86. 
 
 field mistaken for those of the cotton- 
 worm. Chrysalids dug up in, 1790. 
 insects, 636. 
 Cotton. Insects affecting. 
 Aletia ar<rillacea^ A. xylina. 
 
 xylina, 646, 1127, 1338, 1353, 1363, 1369, 
 1649, 1657, 1702, 1719, 1721, 1722, 1736, 
 1758, 1769, 1814, 1845, 1852, 1882, 1886, 
 1997, 2038, 2064, 2067, 2119, 2130, 2155, 
 2164,2295,2343. 
 Anomis xylina = Aletia xylina. 
 Euphoria melancholica, 2451. 
 Euryomia melancholica = Euphoria melan- 
 cholica. 
 Gryllussp.,2384. 
 
 Heliothis armisera, 646, 1353, 2238, 2343 
 Hyperchiria io, 2343. 
 Saturnia io := Hyperchiria io. 
 Spilosoma acrii-a. 2343. 
 Theclapa-as ? 1872. 
 Cotton insects, Jones, K. "NV. Report on, 2343. 
 W. J. Report on, 2343. 
 Kero.sene as a means 
 a<;aiu8t, 2164. 
 moth. Habits of, 17.'i8. 
 
 Hibernation. 1728. 
 plant. Insects affect in 2, 1721. 
 planter.s. Suggestions to, 1832. 
 Plums and. 1477. 
 seeds in hot-beds. Sowing, 1772. 
 squares. Butterfly larva; injurious to, 
 1872. 
 Cottonwood borers, 1525. 
 dagger, 1127. 
 A foe to, 1834. 
 Cottonwood. Insects affecting. 
 Acronycta lepusculina, 1127. 
 Aphid, 495. 
 
 Drasteria erechtea, 1459. 
 Lina scripta, 1054, iai4. 2291. 
 Pemphi;fus populicaulis, 446, 713. 
 
 CoTTOxwooD. Insf.cts affectixo— Continued. 
 Peniphlgiis vagabuudiiH. 446. 
 Plectrodera scalator, 152.">. 
 Saperda caharata, 71. 
 Cottonwood killer. li;.'4. 
 
 leaf biflle. Streaked, 2201, 
 
 g:ills, 713. 
 Unsightly galls on, 440. 
 Worms on, 1459. 
 Cotton-worm, 1127, 1363, 1649, 1702, 1719, 2077, 2119, 
 2130,2101,229.'). 
 articles in the Xews, 1719. 
 Barnard, W. S. Tests of machinery 
 
 for destroying, 2253. 
 Bulletin on the, 1730. 
 Chrysalids dug up in corn-fields mis- 
 taken for those of the, 1790. 
 damage in 1881,2119. 
 To destroy the, 1338. 
 destroyer. Best, 1882. 
 Early appearance of, 184. 
 Facts about, 1657. 
 How to manage the, 1831. 
 
 use Paris green for the, 1544. 
 injury in regions overflowed by Mis- 
 sissippi. Protection from, 2119. 
 investigation, 1833. 
 Jones, R. W. Observ.itions and ex- 
 periments on, 2164. 
 moth hibernation, 1953. 
 Not the, 1773. 
 
 notes from Vera Cruz, Mexico. In- 
 teresting, 1845. 
 Orange insects and, 2067. 
 para-sites, 1712. 
 Parasites bred from, 1722. 
 Pqisoning devices for the, 2119. 
 Possible food plants for, 2064, 2113, 
 
 2155. 
 in prairie belt. First appearance of, 
 
 18.52. 
 question of hibernation settled, 2119. 
 A remedy for the, 1369. 
 Report on, 2104. 
 in south Texas in 1883. Anderson, 
 
 E. II., 225.3. 
 Sowing ciitton-seeds in hot-beds as » 
 
 means against the, 1772. 
 in the Unite<I Stetes. 1769. 
 Cotton-wonns, 2291. 
 
 and Cicadas, 1997. 
 Cottony cushion-scale, 2394, 2418. 
 
 Coipiillett, D. W. Reme- 
 dies for. 2394. 
 Koebelo, A. Remedies for, 
 2394. 
 maple scale, 1810. 2201. 
 scale in.Heet on niaple."", 1515, 
 Cooper's thorn leaf gall. Mr., 376. 
 Crab-api>le borers. 602. 
 Craek-jaw names, 592. 
 Crambus- Va^'abond, 2119. 
 
 viilgivncellus. 1990. 2029. 2U». 
 Cranberry frnit worm, 2291, 2349. 
 galls, 194. 
 
400 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cranberry. Insects affecting, 
 Acrobasis vaccinii, 2291. 
 Cecidomyia sp., 194. 
 Phytopus sp., 2493. 
 Cranberry leaf-folder, 2291. 
 
 Smith, J. B. Report on insects aifect- 
 ing the hop and the, 2277, 2291. 
 Crane-flies, 1278. 
 
 fly larva, 512. 
 Craponius innequalis, 367, 373, 1059. 
 Crataegus. Insects on, 376. 
 Cratonychus incertus = Melanotus incertua. 
 Cratypedes putnami, 1959. 
 Cremastochiliis, 2105. 
 Creopiiilus villosus, 805. 
 Crepidodera brevis, 1782. 
 
 cucumeris, 357, 401, 1056, 1059, 1558, 
 
 1782. 
 Distribution of species of, 1782. 
 helxines, 358. 
 parvula, 1782. 
 Crescent. The little Turk and his, 329. 
 Cribbed corn. Serious injury to, 1683. 
 Cricket. Grapes cut by a tree, 414. 
 
 in Louisiana. Destructive, 2384. 
 
 in raspberry canes. Eggs of tree, 2195. 
 
 Tree, 251, 953, 961, 999. 
 
 Snowy tree, 2291. 
 
 "Western, 1959, 2267. 
 
 Bruner, L. Report on, 2267. 
 Histology of, 1959. 
 Crickets, 143, 1363. 
 
 Mole, 1270. 
 Crioceris asparagi, 524, 2135. 
 
 12-punotata, 2135. 
 Crippled moths, 729. 
 Critic criticised, 222, 942. 
 Criticism. Friendly, 1307. 
 Crop gall-gnat, Wagner, B. Observations on the 
 
 new, 2267. 
 Croton-bug as a library pest, 1717. 
 Cruel bug-hunters, 440. 
 Crumpler. Apple-leaf, 949. 
 
 in Georgia. Rascal, 1962. 
 
 mistaken for Curculio. Apple-leaf 
 
 1069. 
 Rascal leaf, 311, 373, 1311, 1580 
 Cryptocentrus n. g., 385 = Mesoleius. 
 Cryptorhopalum, 1746. 
 Cryptus albicaligatus n. gp., 385. 
 albisoleatus n. sp., 385. 
 annulicornis =^ Pimpla annulicornis. 
 cecropia, 1311. 
 cinctipes n.gp., 385. 
 conquisitor =; Pimpla conquisitor. 
 inquisitor == Pimpla inquisitor, 
 junceus =:Linoceras junceus. 
 nigricalceatus n. sp., 385. 
 nuncius, 1112. 
 picticoxus, 385. 
 
 pleurivinctus = Pimpla conquisitor. 
 rhomboidalis n. sp., 385. 
 rafifrons n. sp., 385. 
 samise, 2343. 
 Cteniscus albilineatus n. sp., 385. 
 ornatus, 385. 
 
 Ctenncha latreiIliana = C. virginica. 
 
 virginica, 1241. 
 Cucumber beetle Striped, 773, 1127, 2238. 
 bug. Striped, 148. 
 flea-beetle, 1059, 1558. 
 Cucumber. Insects affecting. 
 Diabrotica vittata, 148, 773. 
 Endioptis nitidalis, 808, 843. 
 Phakellura nitidalis =Eudioptis nitidalis. 
 Cucumber. Worm boring in, 808, 843. 
 Cucurbitaceous vines. Insects affecting, 1127. 
 
 Culex, 625. 
 
 mosquito, 2185. 
 pipiens, 2071. 
 Culicidffi, 603, 2162. 
 
 Cupuliferaj. Cynips confined to, 1131. 
 Curculio, 958, 978, 1062, 1080, 1127. 
 
 again . Comparative scarcity of the, 703. 
 and its allies. Common, 254. 
 Apple, 1176, 1301. 
 
 leaf crumpler mistaken for the, 
 
 1069. 
 snout-beetle or four-humped, 
 1088. 
 and bark-lice, 487. 
 breeds in apple. Plum, 1214. 
 CarabidsB feeding on, 372. 
 catcher, 875. 
 
 Huir.s, 372, 651, 875. 
 Corn, 1042. 
 
 extermination possible. Great discov- 
 ery, 1173. 
 Fighting the, 237. 
 Flea-beetles and, 873. 
 flies by night. How the, 706. 
 Four-humped, 1088. 
 Gas-wa.ste vs., 549. 
 go underground to transform ? Does the 
 
 apple, 1228. 
 humbug. Another new, 589. 
 
 A new, 680. 
 Influence of extreme cold on the, 1335. 
 injvirious to grape, 267. 
 Means against the. 290. 
 natural history and how t6 catch him. 
 
 Plum, 1372. 
 parasite. Porizon, 1301. 
 
 Sigalphus, 1301. 
 Parasites of the plum, 1751, 1795. 
 Paris green for the, 1258. 
 Plum, 1059, 1129, 1301, 2296. 
 To protect plums from the, 1071. 
 Quince, 1301. 
 remedies, 566. 
 remedy. The new, 1177. 
 Ransom, 1201. 
 scarcer than last year, 620. 
 
 Is the, 649. 
 trap. Smith's patent, 969. 
 Use of the wor4, 1069. 
 Cnrculionidaj. Monograph of, 1828. 
 Curcnlios on pears, 1358. 
 Currant borers, 481. 
 
 bush borer, 974. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 401 
 
 Currant, Currant-worms and black, 1079. 
 Four-lint'd leaf-buj; on, 715. 
 and Koosoberry worms, 1570. 
 
 CUBKANT. I.NSECT8 AKKKCTDfa. 
 
 ^Seria tipuliforiuis, 340, 481, 974, 2238. 
 Alc.ithre caudatuni, 481. 
 Aniblycoryplia oblonj;ifolia, 1157. 
 Aphis ribi8 = Myzu8 ribis. 
 Cap8U8 4-vittatu8 = Paseilocap8U8 lineains. 
 Ellopia ribearia:=Eufitclna ribcaria. 
 Eiifitcbia ribearia, 176, 304, 772, 877, 1224. 
 Mytilaspis pomicorticis:=M. pomorum. 
 
 pomorum, 973. 
 Myzua ribis, 304. 
 
 Nematus rioesii, 78, 340, 364, 380, 381, 772, 1031, 
 1224,1570, 1696,2238. 
 ribis— N.ribesii. 
 ventricosu8=N. ribesii. 
 Phylloptera oblongifolia= Amblycorypha ob- 
 
 longifolia. 
 PcEcilocapaua liueatus, 71.'>. 
 Pristiphora grossulaiije, 176, 364, 772, 1570, 
 
 2238. 
 Prosopis afiinis, 1171. 
 Psenocerus supernc'tatus, 481. 
 Silvanus snrinamensis, 1260. 
 Tenthredinid, 136. 
 
 Trochilium tipulirormi8 = .a;geria tipuli- 
 formis. 
 caudatum = Alcathoe caudatuni. 
 Currant plant-lice, 304. 
 louse, 322. 
 stalk-borer, 2238. 
 worm, 877, 1204. 
 
 Imported, 1127, 1570, 2238. 
 Xative, 1570, 2238. 
 Pear-.slug and, 1031. 
 worms, 364, 882, 1696. 
 
 Destruciive, 78. 
 Gooseberry and, 772. 
 Currants. Beetle in dried Englisb, 1260. 
 
 Gj"een worms on gooseberries and, 
 136. 
 Cnshion-scale. Cottony, 2394, 2418. 
 
 Coquillett, D."W. Reme- 
 dies for, 2394. 
 Koebele, A. Remedies 
 for, 2394. 
 Cushions. Ravages of moths in, 1731. 
 Cussed red-leg, 1598. 
 Cnterebra buccata, 526. 
 Cut-worm, 868,992. 
 
 Climbing, 1059. 
 
 Corn, lO.iO. ^ 
 
 Dark-sided, 281, 1059, 2291, 2363. 
 
 Dingy, 1059. 
 
 eggs, 1095. 
 
 Glassy, 1059, 2291, 2394. 
 
 Granulated, 2291. 
 
 Greasy, 10.39, 2291, 2418. 
 
 lion, 1059, 1314. 
 
 moth. Eggs of, 607. 
 
 Shagreened, 2291. 
 
 Small white bristly, 1059. 
 
 Speckled, 1059, 2291. 
 
 26 ENT 
 
 Cut-worm. Variegated, 10.19, 2201. 
 W-marked, 1059,2201. 
 Western striped, 1050. 
 Wheat, 10.19. 
 Yellow-headed, 1059. 
 Cut-worms, 3, 85, 321, 658, 914, 1059, 1315, 2238, 2291. 
 Cabbage, 2201. 
 A chapter on, 064. 
 Climbing, 321, U59. 
 
 destroj'ing recentl3' sown wheat, 455. 
 Means against, 226, 312, 1059, 2387. 
 Novel facts about, 901. 
 originate 1 How, 787. 
 and other insects t Can laud bo in- 
 sured against, 801. 
 * parasites, 349. 
 
 Remedy for cabbage, 2291. 
 Ridding the ground of, 2310. 
 severing cabbage-plants, 626. 
 Smilax injured by, 1941. 
 from the stomach of a robin, 1873. 
 Tree, 228, 281. 
 Cybister fimbriolatus*, 750, 816. 
 Cybocephalus californicus, 2079. 
 Habits of, 2079. 
 nigritulns, 2079. 
 Cyclocephala immaculata, 1236. 
 Cyclone nozzle, 2327. 
 Cylindrical Orthosoma, 1059. 
 Cyllene, 560. 
 
 decorus, 50. 
 
 pictus, 45, 50, 55, 89, 269, 308, 500, 828, 941, 
 
 1516. 
 robinia-, 37, 45, 50, 55, 141. 308, 472, 560, 828, 
 921, 941, 967, 1196, 1250, 1288, 1516. 
 Cynipid gall on oak twigs, 1822. 
 Cjmipidae, 518, 799, 821, 2072, 2343. 
 
 Dimorphism in, 41, 1980. 
 Illinois, 41. 
 
 Important work on, 2125. 
 List of 41. 
 
 New classification, 41. 
 Synoptic table of genera, 821. 
 Cynips, 1131, 1.559. 
 
 aciculata = Amphibolips spongiflca. 
 
 bicolor ~ Khodites bicolor. 
 
 confined to Cupulifera>, 1131. 
 
 Dimorphism in, 41. 
 
 fecundatrix, 1606. 
 
 gallai-tinctoriic, 1560. 
 
 n.«p.,1822. 
 
 (l.-californic« = Andricus q -califomica. 
 
 q.-decidua, 1925. 
 
 q.-(Tiiia'-<^ II. «p.,41 — Arraspis q.-cri- 
 
 racoi. 
 q.-flocci n.«p., 41 = AndricuHq.-flocci. 
 q.-forticornis n. tp., 41 = Uiorhiza forticor- 
 
 nis. 
 q.-frondosa, 821, 774, 1666. 
 q.-glaiiduliis n. tp., 1606. 
 q.-inani»— Amphibolips q.-inanis. 
 q.-mamma n. »p., 518 r= nolca«pii< mamma. 
 q.-niell:iri;i «.*/»., 1942. 
 q.-operator — A ndricus operator, 
 q.-operatola, 1352. 
 
402 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cynips, q. piluleon. sp., 41 = Cecidomyia q.-pilulae. 
 q.-poilagra3 w. sp., 41 = Andricus q.-poda' 
 
 q.-pi unus n. gp., 518 == Ampliibolips q.-pru- 
 
 uus. 
 q. -punctata = Andrlcus q. -punctata. 
 q.-8altatoriu8=N'eurcterus q.-saltatorius. 
 q.-8pongifica=Aniphibilops q.-spongiflca. 
 serainatoi=^ Audricus setninator. 
 sp., 799. 
 
 terminalis, 1448. 
 Cynthia atalanta = PjTameis atalanta. 
 
 cardui =; Pyrameis cardui. 
 Cypress. Cecidoniyiacupressi-ananassa on, 1180. 
 
 galls, 1180. 
 Cyrtoneura a parasite or a bcavenger ? Is, 2102. 
 
 stabulans, 2102, 2343. 
 Cytoleichus sarcoptoides, 2135, 2157. 
 Cytophyllus concavus, 516, 569, 1005, 1157, 1363, 
 
 2276. 
 Dactylosphsera caryse-semen n. sp., 373 = Phyllox- 
 era caryaB-semen. 
 vitifolisB r=i Phylloxera vastatrix. 
 DactylosphseridaB, 1301. 
 Dagger. Cottonwood, 1127. 
 
 Smeared, 13 1. 
 Dahlia and aster stalk-hoier, 945. 
 
 Gortyna nitela injuring, 862, 940, 1009. 
 stalk-borer, 862, 1009. 
 Dai.sy as an insecticide. Ox-eye, 1861. 
 Dakota. Locu.st flights in, 2007. 
 Dakruma convolutella, 1059. 
 
 Dana, J. D. Criticism of the entomological views 
 of, 44. 
 and his entomological speculations. Pro- 
 fessor. 82. 
 Danaidse, 613, 1301. 
 Danaisarchippus, 406, 401,613, 1235, 1301, 1340, 1535, 
 
 1622, 1635, 1711, 1756, 1770, 2052. 
 Dangerous looking, 814. 
 Dapsilia rutilana, 1713, 1721. 
 Darapsa myron = Ampclophaga myron. 
 Dardanelles. Sarcophaga lineata destructive to 
 
 locustfj in, 2075. 
 Dark grape-worm, 763. 
 
 sided cut-worm, 1059, 2291, 2363. 
 Darning-needle. Devil's, 1709. 
 Darwin's work in entomology, 2129. 
 Dascyllid in stomach of black bass, 1792. 
 Dasyllis thoracica, 1220 . 
 Datana contracta, 50. 
 
 ministra, 50, 132, 151, 165, 467, 922, 1045, 
 1229, 2222, 2333. ^ 
 
 Decatoma dubia n. sp., 384 ■= var. of varians. 
 
 excrucians n. sp., 384 = var. of nigri- 
 
 ceps. 
 Lyalipennis n. sp., 384. 
 nigriceps n. sp., 384. 
 nubilistigiDa n. sp., 384. 
 simplicistigma n. sp., 384. 
 8p., 536. 
 
 varians n. sp., 384. 
 Defense. Inexpert, 2476. 
 Delicate long-sting, 1329. 
 Deloyala t= Coptocycla. 
 
 clavata = Coptocycla clavata. 
 
 Deltocephalns xanthonenms, 2116. 
 Delusion. A popular, 525. 
 Dendrotettix n. g., 2410. 
 
 quercus n. sp., 2410. 
 Deraiocoris rapidus^Calocoris rapidus. 
 Dernianyssus avium, 1308. 
 
 gallinas, 1308. 
 Dermatobia hominis, 497. 
 Dermatoptera, 2207. 
 
 Dermestes lardarius, 72, 726, 1190, 1240, 1703. 
 Toothed, 2363. 
 vulpinus, 2363. 
 Dermestida), 1746, 2133, 2180. 
 
 Means against, 56, 246, 462. 
 Deserved honor, 2124. 
 Desmia maculalis, 468, 993, 1056, 1158, 1301, 1569, 
 
 1579. 
 Desmocerns palliatus, 358. 
 Destructive larvaj, 722. 
 
 locusts. Literature of, 1959. 
 Devastating locust, 2363. 
 Devil's darning-needle, 1709. 
 
 riding-horse, 457, 1059. 
 Dexia rnstica, 2260. 
 DexidsB. Larval habits of, 2260. 
 Diabrotica. Corn-root, 2187. 
 
 12-punctata, 123, 687, 2418. 
 Long-horned, 1905. 
 longicornis, 169, 1905, 2187. 
 Twelve-spotted, 687, 1127, 2418. 
 vittata, 123, 148, 175, 355, 772, 897, 
 2236, 2238, 2260. 
 Diapheromera, 2267. 
 
 feraorata, 144, 448, 920, 1111, 1395, 
 
 1701, 1709, 1721, 2276. 
 velii n. sp., 45. 
 DiaspiniB. Comstock on the, 2227. 
 Diaspis harrisii = Chionaspis furfurus. 
 
 rosae, 1303. 
 Diastrophus, 318, 1131. 
 
 cuscutieformis, 609. 
 nebulosus, 263, 610, 1131. 
 Dicerca divaricata, 871, 1063, 2267. 
 Didictyum n. g., 1749 =:= Hexaplasta. 
 
 zigzag n. sp. = Hexaplasta zigzag. 
 Diedrocephala flavipes n. sp., 1766, 1767, 2363. 
 Diflferential locust, 1423, 2363. 
 Digger wasps, 309, 1643, 1959. 
 Dilar in North America, 2023. 
 Dilophus, 2076. 
 
 Diminished Pezomachus, 1127. 
 Dimmock's Inaugural dissertation, 2082. 
 Dimorphic asexual females. Lichtenstein's theory 
 
 as to, 2072. * 
 
 Dimorphism in Cynipidae, 1980. 
 Cynips. 41. 
 Dytiscidse, 28. 
 locusts, 1889. 
 Dingy cut-worm, 1059. 
 Dinoderus pusiUus, 2104. 
 
 as a museum pest, 2104. 
 Dionea, 1499, 1688. 
 Diphryx prolatella, 2120. 
 Diplax rubicnndula, 2007. 
 Diplodus luridns, 372. 
 Diplosis annulipes n. sv., 46. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 403 
 
 Diplosis atrirornis n. tip., 46. 
 atrocularia n. fji., 46. 
 (lecom-iuucnliita ?i. iij>., 4fi. 
 foiiml ill ph.\lloxt'ni auUa, 1901. 
 (jrassator, 2150. 
 heliaiitlii'lxilla n.sp., 197. 
 nigra, 236:t, 2393. 
 Pear, 2363. t 
 pyrivora n. ttp., 2393. 
 septeni-niaculata H.*p.,46. 
 tritici, 10!», 110, 1-12, 216, 280,2^2,372,428, 
 711, 1.J12, 1600. 1721, 2238. 
 Diplotaxis not a vesicant, 1796. 
 
 ^^o^di^l:^, 1926. 
 Diptera. 1329, 1736, 22C7. 
 Tarasitic, 2076. 
 rreparation of, 2011. 
 Swarming of, 2128, 2174. 
 Willow-gall.s made by, 40. 
 Dipterojs enemies of the honeybee, 704. 
 
 Phylloxera vastatrix, 2150. 
 galls of the -willow, 46. 
 larva on swallow, 153. 
 larviB in Iniruan body, 2256. 
 Remarkable. 40. 
 Dlscoutinuanceof publication [of Am. Eut.J, 2106. 
 Disea.se. Infesting Phylloxera with fungus, 1808. 
 Disea-oes of beneficial insects. Fungus, 1813. 
 
 * chinch-bng, 2143. 
 Disippns butterfly, 1301. 
 
 Pupa of, 1193. 
 Microgaster, 1301. 
 Disonycha alternata, 45. 
 
 flaviventris, 1506. 
 Dissosteria Carolina, 667. 
 Ditching for young locusts, 1488. 
 Dobson. 780. 
 
 Dock. Galls on supposed, 1165. 
 Dock. Ixseits affectixc;. 
 Gastroidea cyanea, 1165. 
 Gastrophysa cyanea :=^ Gastroidea cyanea. 
 Doctoring fnut-trees again, 230. 
 Doctors differ, 98. 
 Dog-day harvest-fly, 1546. 
 Dolerus arvensis, 358. 
 unicolor, 1989. 
 Dollars. That hundred and fifty million, 1647. 
 Domesticated katydids, ISiUi. 
 Dominican case-bearer, 1363. 
 Durtheaia celastri, 19?8. 
 
 characias, 1686, 17.30. . 
 
 Covering of egg-punctun- mistaken for, 
 
 1988. 
 vibumi. 1988. 
 Doryphora, 1639. 
 
 Climate for, 1412. 
 
 10-lineata, 21, 32, 48, 50, 88, 94, 119, 171, 
 27."), 276, 293, 313, 334, 347, 
 365, 401, 411, 5C5, C50, 708, 
 709, 760, 866. 9u5, 9o8, 919, 
 925, 946. 968, 977, 983, 9^1, 
 99.'>, 1019. 10:7, 1044, 1056. 
 1059. 1068, 1096.1101,1218, 
 1301, 1311, 1.32.Mll2fl. 1.163. 
 1364, 1379, 1391, 1405, X407. 
 
 Doryphora, 10 lineata, 1412, 142:», 1425, 1431, 1447, 
 1450, 1462, UU9, I48U, 1482, 
 1490^1491,1505,1519, 1.524, 
 1528, l,5.-.8, 1.564, l.'70,1593, 
 1597,1010,16.19.1072,1714, 
 1859, 1948, 1993,2081,2235, 
 2291,2294. 
 Firo cure for, 121. 
 jnncta, 48, 50, 372, 401. 519. 1056, 10.59, 
 1431, 1450, 15.^8, 1072, 2096. 2215. 
 Dotted-legged plant bug 1311. 
 
 Double cocoons. The Hheddini: of trachea-, 171.'>. 
 Dragon-flies, 1707, 
 Dragon-fly. Large, 759., 
 Dra.steria orechtea, 631, 1459, 2343. 
 Drasteriua auiabili.s, 1798, 1905. 
 
 dorsalis, 2418. 
 Drepanosiphum, 1678. 
 
 Dried leaves us food for lepidopterouslarviu, 21.59. 
 Driving nails into fruit-trees, 87. 
 
 potato-beetles, 1044. 
 Drones to death .' Do worker bees sting, 1145. 
 Drop of gold, 775. 
 
 woini, 1059, 1090, 1650. 
 Drosera, 1499, 1688. 
 Drosophila anucna, 2119. 
 
 ampelo]>liila, 2119. 
 nigricorni.s, 1607. 
 sp., 1607. 
 Drought. Connection of locust invasion with the 
 occurrence of, 1422. 
 on Ilessian-fly. Effects of, 2031. 
 Insects and. 2100. 
 Drug-store ])est8, 510, .551. 
 Dryobius sexfa.sciatu.s, 583. 
 Dryocampa, 1352. 
 
 bieolor = Sphingicampa bicolor. 
 pellucida^: D. virginiensis. 
 rubieunda, 244, 841, 91.5, 1329, 1352, 
 
 1357, 2490. 
 seuatoria, 151, 783. 
 stigma, 488. 
 virginiensis, 488. 
 Dutchman's pipe. Papilio ]ihilenor on, 1321, 1774. 
 
 ■Worms on, 1.321. 
 Dynastes tityms, 580, 1216, 12U2. 
 Dy.sdercas suturellus, 2.'!4.3. 
 Dytiscid in stomach of black l)a«s, 1792. 
 Dytiscidii-. Dimorphii', 28. 
 
 Dyliscus. Mode of feeding of the larva of, 2065. 
 Eacles imperial is, 1087, 1268. 
 Earthiiuake commotion and locust multiplication 
 
 and migration, Swinton, A. II., 2207. 
 Eastern States. Supposed armv-w.irra in Xcw 
 
 Vork and, 1990. 
 Ebnria 4.geininata, 1014. 
 Eccopsis fermgineann, 1968, 
 Ilickorv, 236.3. 
 raonetiferana, 19f>8. 
 ])ermundaDa, 2324. 
 Variegat^-d. 2363. 
 E< hthnis nnnulic mis i». lep.. 'MTi 
 Economic entomology, 13.57, ;;.6J. 
 
 in California. Interest in, 
 ^53. 
 
404 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Economic entomology in England, 1983. 
 
 Fostering the study of, 
 * 2142. 
 
 Importance of, 2238. 
 
 Iowa, 2197. 
 Eecent advances in, 2281. 
 investigations in the South and "West, 
 
 1864 
 notes, 2220, 2248. 
 Ecpantheria scribonaria, 1140, 11.53, 1311, 1802. 
 Ectobia germanica, 573, 1717, 2276. 
 Edema albifrons, 422, 913. 
 Edinburgh International Forestry Exhibit. Ke- 
 
 port of, 2342. 
 Edwards' butterflie^ of Xorth America (Keview), 
 
 395, 479, 623, 827. 
 Egg-feeding mites,-1637. 
 
 parasite. Anthomyia, 1570, 1625, 1643. 
 parasites of Acrididse, 2355. 
 
 Efficacy of chnlcid, 2115. 
 plant. Enemies of, 2096, 2215. 
 Egg-plant. Insects affecting. 
 Cassida texana, 2096, 2215, 2235. 
 Doryphora lOlineata, 21. 
 
 juncta, 2096, 2215, 2235. 
 Egg puncture mistaken for Dorthesia. Covering 
 of, 1988. 
 punctures in raspberry and grape-vines, 2195. 
 sack of some unknown spider, 1144. 
 slits made by Homoptera, 79. 
 Eggs in or on canes or twigs, 1329. 
 Experiments with locust, 1572. 
 growth of insect, 2241. 
 hatch ? "Will unimpregnated, 1029. 
 in maple twigs. Eows of, 665. 
 Mass of, 65, 240. 
 of moth, 611. 
 
 but parasitic cocoons. Not, 1290. 
 in peach twigs, 554. 
 
 pear twigs. Kows of, 577. 
 on sugar-maple, 350. 
 in sumach, 18. 
 Egypt. Bug-hunter in, 372. 
 Eight-spotted forester, 343, 1059, 1127, 1363. 
 Eighth Report State Entomologist of Missouri, 
 
 1482. 
 Emige unserer schadUcherer In^ekten, 1325. 
 Elachistus euplectri, 2343. 
 Elaphidion parallelum = E. villosum. 
 pntator = E. villosum. 
 tectum, 1602. 
 
 villosum, 288, 793, 839, 1556, 2267. 
 ElateridSB, 3, 224, 430, 740, 846, 892, 932, 1030, l504, 
 1522, 1866, 2238. 
 Monograph of, 1828. 
 Elder. Attacus cecropia on, 1533, 
 
 Cecropia worm on, 1533. 
 Elephantiasis or Filaria disease, 2185. 
 Ellopia ribearia ^ Eufitchia ribearia. 
 Elm. Enemies of the, 1350. 
 enemy, 1520. 
 gall. Cockscomb, 1384. 
 Elm. Insects affecting. 
 Cimbex .Tniericana, 099. 
 
 laportei =^ C. americana. 
 Colopha ulmlcola, 1384. 
 
 Elm. Insects affecting — Continued. 
 Dryobius sexfasciatus, 583. 
 Galeraca calmariensis = G. xanthomelsena. 
 
 xanthomelsena, 1350, 1520, 1931, 2188, 
 2232, 2304, 2325, 2378, 2394. 
 Monocesta coryli, 1721. 
 Pemphiginse, 1653. 
 Physocnemum brevilineum, 696. 
 Saperda lateralis, 583. 
 Schizoneura rileyi, 1059. 
 Tremex columba, 928. 
 Elm-leaf beetle, 2188. 
 
 Great, 1721. 
 
 Imported, 2232, 2304, 2325, 2378, 
 
 2394. 
 Notes on the imported, 1931. 
 and pear-tree borer, 928. 
 tree borer, 583, 696. 
 depredators, 2414. 
 louse. "Woolly, 1059. 
 saw-fly, 699. 
 Emmon's New York report, 84. 
 Emperor. Eyed, 1363. 
 
 Tawny, 1363. 
 Emphytus maculatus = Harpiphorus maculatus. 
 Empoa albicans n. sp., 22. 
 Empoasca n. g., 22. 
 
 abnormis, 22. 
 
 consobrina n. sp., 22. ' 
 
 malefica = E. viridescena. 
 maligna = E. obtusa. 
 obtusa n. sp., 22. 
 viridescens >i. «p., 22, 30, 79. 
 Empretia stimulea, 60, 161, 424, 811, 829, 837, 1092. 
 Emulsions. Kerosene, 2291. 
 
 of petroleum as insecticides, 2134. 
 
 and their value as in- 
 secticides, 2126, 2200. 
 Enchenopa hinotata, 725, 1913, 1988. 
 Enchophyllum binotatnm = Enchenopa hinotata. 
 Endrosa quercus ^ Lachnosterna quercus. 
 England. Doryphora lO-liueata in, 2u81. 
 Economic entomology in, 1983. 
 Hessian-fly in, 2395. 
 Introduction of the Hessian-flj" into, 
 2398. 
 English currants. Beetles in, 1260. 
 - sparrow. Anent the, 1667. 
 Ennomos alniaria, 75. 
 
 magnaria = E. alniaria. 
 eubsignaria = Eudalimia suhsignaila. 
 EntUia concava = Publilia concava. 
 
 sinuata, 163. 
 Entomography of Hirmoneura, 2275. 
 Entomological, 371, 869, 893, 1411. 
 breakfast, 2311. 
 cabinet. "Walsh, 1107. 
 circular. A recent British, 2509. 
 collection, 1328. 
 
 commission. Appropriation for, 1843. 
 Bulletin No. 1, 1577. 
 
 2, 1578. 
 
 3, 1736. 
 6. 2026. 
 
 Circular No. 1, 1575. 
 2, 1576. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 AOn 
 
 Entomological comnii-isinii i;<M'ort. First 1643. 
 
 Seoonil, 1959. 
 Thiril. 2207. 
 Fourth, 2343. 
 Reports of the TJ. S. 
 1757. 
 correction, 1328. 
 i^orance in the Xortli, 431. 
 South, 390. 
 information, 1351. 
 
 notes, 2, 139C, 1554, 1609, 1610, 1681, 
 1958, 2015, 2058, 2066, 2135, 
 2147, 2168, 2184, 2192, 2219, 
 2228, 2247, 2261. 
 of the year, 2235. 
 papers read at A. A. A. S., 1893. 
 periodicals. New, 2056. 
 qnackcrv, 439. 
 queries. A bundle of, 556. 
 question, 1463. 
 reports. Index to Ontario, 2228. 
 
 Missouri, 1680. 
 Society. Ajnerican, 621. 
 
 Address of president be- 
 fore Washington, 2335. 
 specimens. Care of, 2200. 
 speculations of the N. E. school of 
 naturalists, 44. 
 Professor Dana and 
 his, 82. 
 work at the Department of Agri- 
 culture, 1892. 
 works, 831. 
 
 wanted, 1529. 
 Entomologist. American, 1309. 
 
 Salutatory, 386. 
 Canadian (Review), 395, 479, 827. 
 caught napping, 1110. 
 of Illinois. State, 327. 
 for Minnesota. A State, 1108. 
 of Missouri. First report ot State, 
 1059. 
 Second, 1127. 
 Third, 1301. 
 Fourth, 1311. 
 Fifth, 1329. 
 Sixth, 1363 
 Seventh, 1423. 
 Eighth, 1482. 
 Ninth, 1570. 
 Index to reports of 
 State, 2C26. 
 for New York. State, 1863. 
 New Tork without an, 1330. 
 One day's journal of a State, 383. 
 for the Pacific coast, 2022. 
 Report U.S., 1878, 1721. 
 
 1881-'82, 2119. 
 1883, 2232. 
 1884,2291. 
 
 1885, 2363. 
 
 1886, 2394. 
 1887, 2418. 
 
 in the Sonth. Field for the, 1109. 
 Entomologists at Boston, 1894. 
 
 Death of noted, 1285. 
 
 Entoniiiii:;i.sis m hiiK.po. Niimbor of, 1865. 
 
 Self taught, 270. 
 Entomology. Addrt-ss on, 1454. 
 all a humbug, 03. 
 Best works on, 418. 
 Books useful for the stndy of, 41fi. 
 in RuOalo, X. Y., 2035. 
 
 California. Interest of economic, 
 2053. 
 Darwin's work in, 2129. 
 Desci-iptive, 1199. 
 Discussion on, 1391. 
 Economic, 1362. 
 in England. Economic, 1983. 
 Fostering the study of economic, 
 
 2142. 
 General truths in applied, 2291,2292. 
 Importance of economi:, 2238. 
 indeed run mad, 227, 1224. 
 in Iowa. Economic, 2197. 
 Lecture on, 1394. 
 at Minneapolis, 2212. 
 in Missouri, 1361. 
 
 New York, 2244, 2254. 
 Permanent subsection of, 2027. 
 and the phonograph, 2481. 
 Professor Riley to Dr. Schaffer,2360. 
 in reality. Practical, 914. 
 Recent advances in economic, 2281. 
 horticultural, 
 2230. 
 its relation to agriculture and its 
 
 advancement, 1329. 
 Report niiuois State Horticnltural 
 Society on, 1056. 
 Missouri, 1113, 1127. 
 Stndy of, 2345. 
 
 "Work in, 202. • 
 
 Entomophthora, 1813. 
 
 calopteni, 2240. 
 Epeira, 1847. 
 
 riparia = Argiope riparia. 
 sp., 1144. 
 spinea, 813. 
 Ephemera daveula n. gp., 24. 
 
 dies. A hard story, 1043. 
 myops n.«p.,39. 
 Ephemerella n. g., 24. 
 
 consimilis n.«p.,24. 
 excrucians ?i. fp., 24. 
 Ephemerida?, 2f<3, 525, 1043, 1205. 
 Ephemerina, 2267. 
 
 Ephemerinous genus B.Ttisi-a. Pupa of, 43. 
 EphenuTon, 283. 
 Ephestia interpnnctella, 32.5, 1293, 1896. 
 
 zc-as := E. interpuuctelLi. 
 Ephialtes gigas n. tp., 385. 
 pusio n.«7>., 385. 
 pj-gnia'us n. up., 385. 
 Epbydra californica, 2203. 
 gracili.s, 2'203. 
 hians. 2203. 
 Epica-ms iml)riratus. 35. 290, 1301, 1808, 2291. 
 Epicauta, lOOO. 1643. 1G51, 2238, 2207. 
 atrat.i = E. pennsylvanica. 
 cinerea, 134, 185, 401, 1056, 1558, 1600. 
 
406 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Epicauta corvina, 1206. 
 
 Larval characters and habits of, 1600. 
 
 habits, 1387. 
 pennsylvanica, 38, 134, 185,284, 362,401, 
 
 732, 1056, 1558, 1600. 
 puncticollis, 1381. 
 
 vittata, 38, 134, 185, 401, 470, 794, 1056, 
 12.30, 1558, 1600, 1860, 1959. 
 Epidemic disease of Caloptenus differentialis, 
 
 2240. 
 Epilachna borealis, 125, 417, 1289. 
 
 corrupta, 2135, 2235. 
 Epimeris. Grape-vine, 1301, 1363. 
 Epipocus punctatus, 2406. 
 Epitrix brevis = Crepidodera brevis. 
 
 cucnmeris = Crepidodera cucumeris. 
 Diatribulioa of species of, 1782. 
 hirtipennis ^Crepidodera parvula. 
 Epizenxis. Spruce, 2363. 
 Eras. 1127. 
 
 bastardi, 1127, 1269. 
 Eriocampa cerasi, 1031, 1222, 1253, 1382, 2243. 
 Eriosoma coruicola n. sp., 27 = Schizoneura corni- 
 cola. 
 fungicola n. sp., 27 = SchizoDeura fun- 
 
 gicola. 
 lanigera = Schizoneura lanigera. 
 pyri = Schizoneura lanigera. 
 tessellata = Pemphigus tessellata. 
 ulmi n. sp., 1059 := Schizoneura ulmi. 
 Eristalis, 986. 
 
 Errors corrected. A few, 977. 
 Erynnis alcefe boring in stems of Malva sylves- 
 
 tris, 1602. 
 Erythronenra, 164. • 
 
 australis n. sp., 22. 
 octonotata n. sp., 22. 
 tricincta = Typhlocyba trlcincta. 
 vitifex = Typhlocyba vitis. 
 vitis =r Typhlocyba vitis. 
 ziczac n.sp., 22. 
 Eucalyptus. Galls on, 1965. 
 EuchsBtes egle, 413. 
 Euclemensia bassettella, 1972. 
 Eudalimia subsignaria, 75. 
 Eudamus tityrus, 787, 857. 
 Eudemia botrana, 557, 585, 792, 1059, 1232. 
 Eudioptis nitidalis, 808, 843, 1127. 
 Eudryas grata, 1127, 1363. 
 
 unio, 831, 1127, 1363. 
 Eufitchia ribearia, 176, 364, 772, 877, 1068, 1224, 1570. 
 Eumenes f raterna, 543, 1357, 1847. 
 Eumenia atala, 2410. 
 Eumenida;, 770. 
 Eunomia eagrus, 2242. 
 Euonymuslatifolia? Chionaspis euonymii on, 2403. 
 
 Scale on, 2403. 
 Euparia castanea, 2105. 
 Eupelmus, 384, 1932, 2343. 
 
 allynii, 2060, 2063, 2332. 
 mirabilis, 384, 563, 1363. 
 vs. Antigaster, 1978. 
 Euphanessa mcndici, 2340. 
 Euphoria hirtipes, 2105. 
 inda, 447, 1655. 
 melaiicholica, 372, 522, 842, 
 
 Euplectrus comstockii, 2343. 
 
 platyhypense, 2343. 
 Eupsalis minuta, 1363. 
 
 Europe and America. Problem of the hop-plant 
 louse in, 2400. 
 The Colorado potato-beetle in, 1597. 
 Grain Bruchus just imported from, 1120. 
 Hagen, H. A. The Hessian-fly not im- 
 • ported from, 2267. 
 Number of entomologists in, 1865. 
 European natural enemies of the asparagus beetle. 
 Hew, 2458. 
 parasites. Importing, 208. 
 Eurycreon rantalis, 2322, 2331, 2363. 
 Euryomiamelancholica=Euphoriamelancholica. 
 Euryptychia saligneana. 180, 1127, 2356. 
 Eurytoma abnormicornis n.sp., 384. 
 auriceps 7i. «p., 384. 
 bicolor n. sp., 384. 
 bolteri n. sp., 1059=:var. of E. diastro. 
 
 phi. 
 diastrophi n. sp., 384, 1131. 
 gigantea n. sp., 384. 
 
 globulicola«.sp.,384^var.of prunicola 
 prunicida n. sp., 384. 
 pnnctiventris n. sp., 384. 
 seminatrix n. sp., 384 = var. of auriceps. 
 sp., 62, 563. 
 Eurytomid from stomach of Ohio shad, 1853. 
 Eurytomides, 384, 1223. 
 Eu8chi.stu8 fissilis, 2363. 
 Euthyrhynchus floridanns, 2472. 
 Euura orbitalis, 821. 
 
 perturbans n. sp., 197. 
 s.-gemma n. sp., 197, 821 = E. orbitalis. 
 8. -nodus n. sp., 197. 
 B.-ovnm 71. sp., 197, 821. 
 Evagoras viridis^Diplodus luridus. 
 Evarthrus orbatus, 872. 
 Evergreen cleora, 2363. 
 
 and other forest trees in New England 
 and Kew York. Packard, A. S. 
 Causes of destruction of, 2232, 2291, 
 2363, 2364, 2382. 
 plant-lice, 1039. 
 Evergreens. Borers in, 1324. 
 
 Insects affecting, 271, 527, 1039, 1324, 
 2232, 2291, 2363. 
 Exartema ferruginearum n. sp., 1968r=Eccopsi8 
 ferruginearum. 
 montiferarum n. sp., 1968 := Eccopsis 
 montiferarum. 
 Excursion. Agricultural editorial, 1349. 
 
 to Kocky Mountains, 988. 
 Exenteron ornatus n. sp., 385 = Cteniscus omatns* 
 Exetastes illinoiensis, 385. 
 
 suaveolens n. sp., 385. 
 Exochiscus n.g., 385 = Orthocentrus. 
 
 pusillus n. «jj. = Orthocentrus pusil- 
 lus. 
 Exochus albiceps n. sp., 385. 
 
 annulicrus n. sp., 385. 
 atriceps n. sp., 385. 
 Exorista cecropite n. .ip., 1112. 
 
 doryphorae, 1059, 1431, 1450, 1672. 
 flavicauda w. sp., 1127, 1442, 1670. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 407 
 
 Exoriata loncanisp ^= Nemoraja k-ucanias. 
 iuilitiiri8= N'emorscii U-ucanio). 
 osten-snckeui ^ Nemora'a K>ucnuia\ 
 Exotbecus prodoxt n. up., ISJl. 
 Expected iidvout of the locust, 2307. 
 Extensile peuetratiug orfjan iu u <^aniasid mite, 
 
 1026. 
 Extermmator. Fruit-pest, 2372. 
 Extingui.sher. Treat's insect, 531. 
 Extreme cdUI ou the Curculio. lutluence of, 1335. 
 Exuviation iu flight, lOCl. 
 Exyra ridingsii, 1411. 
 
 semicrocoa, 1385, 1390. 
 Eyed emperor, 1363. 
 
 Eyes and luminosity of fire-tlies. Development 
 of, 1840. 
 None .so blind as those who shut their, 275. 
 Fagopyrum. Acridida- tliat eat, 1645. 
 Failure of tea-roses, 1708. 
 Fall army-worm, 1256, 1267, 1282, 1301, 1482. 
 canker- worm, 1423, 1482,2238. 
 web-worm, 1301, 1733, 2238, 2378, 2394. 
 on hickory, 460. 
 Tent caterpillars and, 819. 
 wheat, "Webster, F. M. Insects affecting, 
 2291, 2363, 2394. 
 Falling water. Moths attracted to, 2108. 
 False catei-piilars on the pine, 985. 
 
 Scotch and Austrian 
 pines, 1011. 
 chinch-bug, 1329, 1423, 2291, 2418. 
 indigo gall-moth, 1127. 
 
 Walsbia amorphellaon, 1127. 
 Fatherless and motherless race. That, 1650. 
 
 race. Some further facts regarding 
 that, 1658. 
 Fatua denndata, 1733. 
 Fear. A groundless, 284. 
 Feathers. Attagenus injuring, 56. 
 Felting caused by a beetle. Remarkable, 2113. 
 Feniaeca tarqumius, 2359, 2361. 
 
 Food-habits of, 2407. 
 Xotes on, 2369. 
 Plant-leediiig habit of, 2361. 
 Fertilization of Yucca, 1329, 1336, 2171. 
 Fertiliaers of aljiine flowers, 1838. 
 Fertilizing plants, 324. 
 Few errors corrected, 977. 
 Fidia. Grape-vine, 123L 
 longipcs, 339. 
 sp., 102. 
 
 viticida n. gp., 272, 339, 1059, 1231. 
 Field cricket, 2291. 
 
 crops. Insects injurious to, 2238. 
 for the entomologist in the South, 1109. 
 Fiery ground-beetle, li)59. 
 Fifteen-spotted la-ly-bird, 959, 1311. 
 Fifth report State Entomologist of Missouri, 1329. 
 Fifty million dollars. That hundred and, 1647. 
 Fig insects, 2194. 
 Fighting the Curculio, 237. 
 
 Hessian-fly, 1587. 
 Figuier's Insect World (review), 408. 
 Filaiia disease. Elephantiasis or, 2185. 
 aangainis-hominis, 2185. 
 
 Filbert giape. Grapt'-vine, 1.329. 
 
 P'ir Paraphia, 2363. 
 
 Fire blight, 22, 30. 149, 285. 
 
 cure foi- piitalo-beetlus, 121. 
 flies, 396, 1705. 
 
 Development of eyes and luiiiino'gily of, 
 
 1840. 
 IntiTinittenco of phosphoresc jncc, lh05. 
 worm, 2291. 
 First report noxious insects of the State of Illi- 
 nois, 373. 
 State entomologist of Missouri, 1059. 
 U. S. Entomological Cununission, 
 1643. 
 volume. Close of the, 701. 
 Fischer on naphthaline aa an Insecticide. Koview 
 
 of, 2274. 
 Fish-fly. Large, 712, 903. 
 Fitch. Dr. Asa, 1781. 
 Flat-headed apple-tree borer, 1059, 2238, 2207. 
 
 in horse-chestnat, 
 1316. 
 twig borer, 555, 1423. 
 borer in solt maples, 1250. 
 cherry-borer, 2267. 
 peach-borer, 2267. 
 spruce- borer, 2267. 
 Flavescent clover- beetle, 2394. 
 Flea-beetle, 1583. 
 
 Colorado cabbage, 2291. 
 Cucumber, 1558. 
 Grape-vine, 298, 1252, 1301. 
 Larvic of grape-vine, 1041, 1074. 
 Striped, 2291. 
 
 Wavy-striped, 348, 564, 2291. 
 iu young tobacco-plants, 1782 
 Ziiiimernian's, 2291. 
 beetles, 636 2418. 
 
 and Cuiculio, 873. 
 Means against, 133. 
 Satisfactory remedy for, 2236. 
 like ucgro-bui:, 1127, 1423, 2291, 2418. 
 Fleas feeding on Icpidopterous larvie, 2110. 
 Flesh-flies, 1043, 1736. 
 
 fly. Common, 1423, 1570, 1625, 1643. 
 Flesh-worms, 459. 
 Flies in rooms. Swarms of minute, 596. 
 
 Sucking organs of, 21h2. 
 Flight. Exuviation in, 1961. 
 
 in insects is directed. IIow, 1891. 
 Flights e.ist of t lie Mississippi. Locust, 1549, 1613. 
 
 Locust, 1590. 
 Floating ajiiaries, \'6'y. 
 
 Floods. One elTi cl of the Mississippi, 2080. 
 Florida, Ashmead, W. 11. K.port on iimects in- 
 jurious to garden ciups in,2:tx»<. 
 Vovle, J. Effi-cts of cold en the scale in- 
 insects of the orange iu, 2277. 
 Flour. Poisonous, 586. 
 
 and rye. Worms in, 72. 
 Flonring-mills. Beetles iu. 1261. 
 Flower-bu-. Insidi-us, 1127. 1423, 24I& 
 Flower-garden. Insects in, 930. 
 Flowering ash. Cocoons on, 9.'i0. 
 Flowers. Fertilizers c/f alpine, 1838. 
 
408 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 riuted-scale, 2389, 2418. 
 
 Kecwit California work against the, 
 2519. 
 Flying bug, 157. 
 
 • locusts in Illinois, 1437, 1443. 
 Foe. Confounding friend with, 1378. 
 to corn. A new, 337. 
 Cottonwood, 1834. 
 green corn. A new insect, 1655. 
 Scavenger mistaken for a, 416. 
 Foes. Cherry iilant-lice and their, 1251. 
 
 Some friends and, 1274. 
 Folsom, Cal., Koebele, A. Notes on locustsabout, 
 
 2363. 
 Food of Calopteron and Photinus, 2358. 
 habits of Feniseca tarquinius, 2407. 
 ground-beetles, 1700. 
 longicorn beetles, 1902. 
 Megilla maculata, 2145. 
 thrnshes, 1726. 
 of insectivorou.s plants, 1499. 
 for lepidopterons larva. Dried leaves as, 
 2159. 
 man. Locusts as, 1481. 
 Number of molts and length of larval life as 
 
 influenced by, 2167. 
 plants for the cotton-worm. Possible, 2064, 
 2119,2155. 
 of Samia cynthia, 2204. 
 relations of Carabidse and Coccinellidae, 2151. 
 Salt-water insects used as, 2203. 
 for silk- worms, 1319. 
 trout, 1142. 
 Forage, crops. iEnsects injurious to, 2238. 
 Forbes, S. A. Experiments on chinch-bugs, 2165. 
 Forbes' investigations on the food of fre.sh-water 
 
 tishes. Professor, 2515. 
 Forest insects. Larva;^ of injurious, 2267. 
 
 Tent caterpillar of the, 645, 688, 1181, 1200, 
 
 1301, 1331. 
 tree insects, 2418. 
 
 Packard, A; S. Notes on, 
 2253. 
 trees in northern New England and New 
 York, Packard, A. S. Causes of 
 the destruction of evergreen and 
 other, 2232, 2291, 2363, 2364, 2382. 
 and weeds of Germany. Katzeburg. 
 Review, 1110. 
 Forester. Eight-spotted, 343, 1059, 1127, 1363. 
 Forestry exhibition. Report on the Edinburgh 
 
 international, 2342. 
 Forficula, 1798, 2267. 
 Formica aphidicolaw.sp., 27. 
 fusca, 2105, 2226. 
 
 latipes n. sp., 27 = La8in8 latipes. 
 rufa, 2105,2114, 
 Formicida', 438, 1278, 1594, 1987. 
 Fossil tineids, 2084. 
 Four-humped Curculio, 1088. 
 
 Apple-snout beetle or, 
 1088. 
 lined leaf-bug on currant, 715. 
 Fourth report State entomologist of Mjssouri, 
 1311. 
 
 Fourth report TJ. S. Entomological Commission, 
 
 2343. 
 Fowls. Internal mite on, 2157. 
 
 Parasites on, 1308. 
 France affected by Phylloxera. Half the vine 
 area of, 2020. 
 Grape Phylloxera in, 2193. 
 Fraternal potter-wasp, 1127. 
 Friend. Another insect, 879. 
 
 with foe. Confounding, 1378. 
 unmasked, 374. 
 Friendly criticism, 1307. 
 
 notes, 1306. 
 Friends and foes. Some, 1274. 
 Inquiring, 1642, 1656. 
 and insect foes. Insect, 38. 
 Frog-spittle insects, 691. 
 Frogs, 217. 
 
 Frosted lightning hopper, 1329. 
 Fruit culture in the South, 2265. 
 foe. A new, 35. 
 
 and fruit trees. Insects injurious to, 2238. 
 Trimble's enemies of, 187. 
 growers. Insects of interest to, 367. 
 
 in northern Illinois. Six worst 
 enemies of, 377. 
 insects in California, 2245. 
 in vigorator again. Best's, 530. 
 Jarring down infested, 1318. 
 pest exterminators, 2372. 
 Snout-beetles injurious to, 1302. 
 trees again. Doctoring, 230. 
 Driving nails into, 87. 
 Icerya purchasi, an insect injurious 
 to, 2401. 
 Feuit trees. Insects affecting. 
 Epicaerus imbricatus, 35. 
 Ithycerus noveboracensis, 16. 
 Lytta 8enea= Pomphopwa jenea. 
 Oncideres cingulata ? 442, 443. 
 Pomphopoea senea, 1056. 
 Fruit trees. Insects injurious to, 16, 31. 
 Tarred paper for, 1568. 
 worm. Cranberry, 2291. 
 Tomato, 1136. 
 Fruits and grains, "Webster, F. M. Experiments 
 on the effect of punctures .of Hemiptera on 
 shrubs, 2382. 
 Fuchsia beetles, 133. 
 
 Fuchsias. Beetles injuring cabbages and, 1868. 
 Fuchsias. Insects affecting. 
 Haltica carinata, 133, 1808. 
 
 exapta= H. carinata. 
 Fulgorida;, 737. 
 
 Fuller. Retirement of Mr., 1910. 
 Fuller's rose-beetle, 1708, 1721, 2291. 
 
 in California, 1740. 
 Habits of, 1708. 
 Not, 1825. 
 Funiago salicina, 2138. 
 Fumigation against orange scales, 2520. 
 Fungoid growths, 500. 
 Fungus in Cicada, 1809. 
 
 diseases of beneficial insects, 1813. 
 
 Infecting Phylloxera with, 1808. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 409 
 
 Fungiis fop9, 10^7. * 
 
 growths to tlesfioy insects. I'so of. 1808. 
 neiiinrknlile parasitic, lUH. 
 Whitcfinib, 59i. 
 Fuzzy galls on blackbiTry twigs, 609. 
 Gall-fly. Sheep, S87. 
 Galevita janua, 1824. 
 
 l.'.out.i, 1824. 
 Galeruca oalinariensi.s = G. xantliomehcjia. 
 
 nifosanguinea^ Adiniouia rufosan- 
 
 guinea. 
 Xinithoniela>na, 1135. 1350, 1520, 1931,2188, 
 L'232, 2304, 2325, 2378, 2379, 2414. 
 Gall on acorn-cnp.i. A npw oak, 160G. 
 l)lackberry, 263. 
 
 and raspberry canes. Gouty, 
 1771. 
 chestnut, 3r>3. 
 Coccid mistaken for a, 1972. 
 Cockscomb elm, 1384. 
 flies, 294. 
 gnat, Loow. Description of the rye, 22G7. 
 
 Wiigner. Observations on the new crop, 
 2267.. 
 on grape-vine. Large compound, 720. 
 Grape-vine apple, 1329, 1898. 
 
 leaf, 724, 840, 1716. 
 insects, 1559. 
 
 Galls and, 1967. 
 Leafy oak, 774. 
 
 literature. Bibliography of, 2059. 
 lou.se. Hickory-.stem, 685. 
 making ^enus of Apiouinas, 2231. 
 moths, 1127, 2356. 
 Perophiginie. Biological notes on, 
 
 1653. 
 tortricid. A pretty and unique, 2176. 
 Mossy-rose, 570, 1166. 
 nuts, 1560. 
 Oak-fig, 745. 
 
 leaf, 799. 
 on oak twigs. Cynipid, 1822. 
 
 I'elargonium, 1764. 
 Pithy blackberry, 1131. 
 Pod like willow, 1170. 
 Prickly rose, 1194, 1245. 
 Raspberry gouty, 1124. 
 
 root, 1149. 
 Rose, 1235. 
 on Solidago leaves, 1924. 
 
 spotted touch-me-not, 852. 
 Sugar-maple mite, 1265. 
 Trumpet grape, 791, 1116. 
 Gallei ia cereana, 581, 716, 904, 1059, 1293, 1357, 1508, 
 
 1723. 
 Gallmiicke. Beschreibung einer den Birnea 
 
 s.liiidlichen, 2392. 
 Gall.s, 137,1561. 
 
 on blackberry, 263. 
 
 Cottonwood leaf, 713. 
 
 Unsightly, 446. 
 Cypress, 1180. 
 on Eucalyptus. 19G5. 
 and galliusect.s, 1967. 
 Golden rod. 798. 
 Grape, 111,100. 
 
 Galls on the grape vine. Loaf, 724, 840, 1716. 
 growing on wild sage, 1.347. 
 Hackberry ]iHyllid, 220-*. 
 Jumping Heeds and, 1491), 2163, 2173. 
 on leaves of soft maple, 44.5. 
 
 wild grape-vine. Conical, 1077. 
 made by moths, 1127. 
 
 Phylloxera. New hickory, 1901. 
 and mining in apple-twigs. Small, 552. 
 Oak and rose, 1037. 
 Production of, 1056. 
 on sugar- berry, 762. 
 
 supposed dock, 1165, 
 and their architects, 518, 821. 
 on white oak. Woolly, 739. 
 Gamasid mite. Au extensile penetrating organ 
 
 in a, 1626. 
 Gamasus juloides infesting lulus marginatus, 
 
 963. 
 Garden crops. Experiments with insecticides 
 upon insects afl'ectiug, 2344. 
 in Florida, Ashmead, W. II. 
 Report on insects iujurioaa 
 to, 2388. 
 insects, Alwood, W. B. Tests with in- 
 
 secticiies on, 2388. 
 lusects in the flower, 936. 
 vegetables. Insects injurious to, 2238. 
 web-worm, 2363. 
 Gardens. Ants' nests in, 496. 
 
 Destroying black ants in, 438 
 Toads in, 822. 
 Gargaphia amorpha", 45. 
 tiliiB, 4.5, 400. 
 Gas treatment for scale insects. Coquillett, D. 
 W., 2418. 
 waste vs. Curculio, 549. 
 Gases against scale insects. Use of, 2389. 
 Gasteracantha cancer, 2111. 
 Gaatroidea cyanea, 316, 1165. 
 Gastropachaamericana, 812. 
 
 vellpda — Tolype velleda. 
 Gastrophilus equi, 1391, 1563, 2238. 
 Gastrophy.sa cyanea = Gastroidea cyanea. 
 Geelong, Victoria. Grape Phylloxera at, 1732. 
 Gelechia abieti.sella, 2232. 
 cerealella. 2291. 
 
 gallic-.solidaginis n.tp., 1059, 1165,2213. 
 glandulella n. gp., 1306. 
 Hemlock, 2232. 
 "White-heart hickory, 2363. 
 Gemminger and Harold's Catalogus Coleopt«ro- 
 
 rum, 1866. 
 General index and supplement to tlie Mistoar 
 reports, 2026. 
 truths in applied entomology, 2291, 2292. 
 Genuine army-worm in the West, 2009. 
 
 v». bogus chinch-bogs, 1402. 
 Genus grinding, 2120. 
 
 Geographical distribution of the Rocky Mountain 
 locust, 2267. 
 range of species, 1814. 
 Geometer. Chiekweed, 10.59, 1154. 
 
 Knot-weed, 10.59. 
 Geometra cat«naria = Zerene catenaria. 
 Geometridie. Larval characters, 165. 
 
410 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Georgia. Kascal leafcrumpler in, 1962. 
 Geraian asters. Diabrotica vittata on, 148. 
 
 thoroughuessi, 1597. 
 Gigantic rhinoceros beetle, 580, 1216, 1292. 
 
 water-bug, 534,733. 
 Gilly-flower.s. Cabbage- worms upon, 614. 
 
 Pliitella cruciferarum injuring, 
 614. 
 Gilt gold-beetle, 790. 
 Girdled pear-twigs, 848. 
 Giidler. Twig, 476, 1938. 
 Girdling habits of Piedisca obfuscata, 2405. 
 Glassy cnt-worm, 1059, 2291, 2394. 
 Mesochorus, 1127. 
 winged soldier-bug, 1301. 
 Glaucopid caterpillar. Protective device em- 
 ployed by a, 2242. 
 Glorified squash -bug, 262. 
 Glossina morsitans, 1467. 
 Glover, Townend. Obituary, 2218, 2258. 
 Glowworm, 1917. 
 
 Nature of the phosphorescence of, 
 
 1810. 
 That, 1097. 
 Glyphe viridascens n. sp., 12. 
 Glypta alboscutellaris n. sp., 385. 
 diversipes n. sp., 385. 
 ruficoruis n.sp.,385. 
 ■ rufipleuralis n. sp., 385. 
 Gnats, 625. 
 Goat- weed butterfly, 1117, 1127, 1329. 
 
 Paphia glycerium feeding on, 1329. 
 Going it blind, 588. 
 Gold-beetle. Gilt, 790. 
 
 Drop of, 775. 
 Golden-rod galls, 798. 
 
 GOLDEN-KOD. INSECTS AFFECTING. 
 
 Cecidomyia carbonii'era, 1924. 
 
 solidagiiiis, 798. 
 Euryptychia saligineana = Paedisca scudderi- 
 
 ana. 
 Gelechia gallfe-solidaginis, 1059, 1165. 
 Graphtholitha olivaceana, 2285. 
 Nectarophora rudbeckiaj, 2205. 
 Psedisca scudderiana, 180. 
 Siphonophora rudbeckiaj =; Nectarophora rud- 
 
 beckife. 
 Trypeta solidaginis, 180, 798, 1059. 
 Golden-rod tortoise-beetle, 1127. 
 Gomphocerus shastanus n. sp., 1959. 
 Gomphus amnicola n.sp.,'2i. 
 
 consobrinus n. sp., 39. 
 fluvialis n. sp., 24. 
 gra-silinellus n. .ij)., 24. 
 quadricolor n. sp.,^ 39. 
 vastus n. sp., 24. 
 ventricosus n. sp., 39. 
 Gonatopns contortulus, 2116. 
 pedestris, 2116. 
 pilosus. Biology of, 2116. 
 Goniocotea hologaster, 1C94. 
 Good words. More, 532. 
 
 Gooseberries and currants. Green worms on, 136. 
 Gooseberry and currant worms, 772. 
 fruit-worm, 1059. 
 
 Gooseberry. Insects affectikg. 
 Dakriima couvolulella, 1059. 
 Ellopia ribearia= Eufitchia ribearia. 
 Epicffirus iiubricatus, 3.'). 
 Eufitchia ribearia, 772, 1068, 1570. 
 Nematus ribesii, 140, 228, 333, 756, 772. 
 
 ventricosus =N. ribesii. 
 Pristiphora gnissulariie, 40, 189, 772. 
 Tenthredinid, 136. 
 Gooseberry saw-tly, 140. 
 
 Imported, 228, 333. 
 span-worms, 1068, 1570. 
 worm, 189. 
 
 worms. Currant and, 1570. 
 Imported, 756. 
 Gordiacsea, 612. 
 Gordius, 861. 
 
 aquaticns, 447, 1143, 
 varius, 1143. 
 Gortyna nebris, 1646. 
 
 nitela, 331, 401, 632, 694, 734, 754, 820,862, 
 940, 976, 993, 1009, 1056, 1059, 1210, 1558, 
 1589, 1595, 1646, 1870, 2229. 
 sp., 138. 
 Gouty gall on blackberry and raspbeiry canes, 
 
 1771. 
 Governor of Kansas on the grasshopper question. 
 
 lieport to, 1573. 
 Governors of Western States on the Eocky Mount- 
 ain locust, 1557. 
 Gracilaria. Purple willow, 2363. 
 Grain Aphis, 2394. , . 
 
 Bad work of, 1638. 
 vs. rust, 1806. 
 Bruchu.s, 1301. 
 
 of Europe just imported, 1120. 
 Chinch-bug not iu seed, 888. 
 Grain. Insects affecting. 
 Aphid, 99. 
 
 Asopia farinalis, 2337. 
 Bruchus granariu.s, 1301. 
 Gelechia cerealella, 2291. 
 Nectarophora grauaria, 126. 
 Grain moth, 2337. 
 
 Angoumois, 2291. 
 A new leaf-hopper injurious to small, 1767. 
 plant louse, 99, 126, 1127. 
 Silvanus, 1259. 
 Sphenophorus, 2363, 2394. 
 weevil, 15, 2291. 
 weevils. Aniseed vs., 1742. 
 Grains. Calandra granaria in, 1259. 
 
 and grasses, "Webster, F. M. Insects af- 
 fecting, 2394. 
 Webster, F. M. Experiments on the eiiect 
 of punctures of Hemiptera on shrubs, 
 fruits, and, 2382. 
 Granddaddy long-legs, 838. 
 Granulated cut- worm, 2291. 
 Grape-bark louse, 106. 
 
 berry moth, 557, 585*, 792. 
 cane-gall Curculio, 1059. 
 canes and apple-twigs. Eggs in, 1323. 
 Egg on, 855. 
 punctured, 513, 1333. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 411 
 
 Grape Cnrculio, 373, 1059. 
 iHMeaso, 1311. 
 IVuit worm, 1059. 
 gall. Tnuupft, 791, 1116. 
 galls, 111. 160. 
 iu.spit.s. 164, 267, 1056, 1569. 
 leal folder, 1301, 1579. 
 
 Ibliler.s eaten by Hpiilers, 468. 
 
 Hairy, 664. 
 gall-loU!.e, 373, 1301,1311. 
 gall.s. 127, 1295, 1435, 1531. 
 Leaf-hoppers of the, 399. 
 leaf-lou.se, 916. 
 
 Phylloxera enemy, 1530. 
 Phylloxera, 1329, 1363, 1373, 1482, 1721 
 in California, 1727. 
 France, 2193. 
 Geelong, Victoria, 1732. 
 New biological facts regard- 
 ing, 1421. 
 Newest facta of, 1401, 
 not at the Cape, 1841. 
 
 permanently destructive, 
 1907. 
 Notes on the, 1952, 2291. 
 
 natural history 
 of. 1439. 
 Use of guano for, 1837. 
 root-borer, 373, 1301. 
 
 New, 1059, 1127. 
 rot. Phylloxera and, 1623, 1628. 
 saw-fly, 2291. 
 scale insect, 1706. 
 seed Curculio, 1059. 
 
 Insect infesting, 482. 
 maggot, 1127. 
 vine Aphis, 170. 
 
 apple-gall, 1329, 1898. 
 
 An apple growing on a, 403, 436. 
 
 Bark-lice on, 1212. 
 
 beetles, 113, 129, 133, 339, 354. 
 
 borer, 429. 
 
 caterpillars, 124. 
 
 caterpillars, lilack, 1018. 
 
 Colaspis,231, 13U1. 
 
 again, 1311. 
 Conical galls on leaves of wild, 1077. 
 Epinieri-s, 1301, 1363. 
 Fidia, 272, 1059,1231. 
 filbert-gall, 1329. 
 flea^beetle, 298, 1252, 1301, 1821, 1855. 
 
 Lai-A-a! of, 1041,1074. 
 and fuchsia beetles, 133. 
 
 a hickory. Hybrid between, 1284. 
 hoppers, 1024. 
 
 Injured strawberry and, 682. 
 in.seet.^ 128, 725. 
 GUAPE-VI.NE. IX8ECT3 ArFKCTIXG. 
 Acoloithus falaarius, 124. 
 Acronycta obliuita, 1208, 1301. 
 Algeria poli8tiformis = Sciapteron polistifor- 
 
 mis. 
 Alypiaoctomacnlata, 1059, 1127, 1130, 1208,1363. 
 Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 1329. 
 Ampeloglypter sesostris, 1059. 
 Ampelopbaga myron, 1086, 1127, 1247. 
 
 GitAPE VINE. I.N8KCT8 AKKECTING— Continued. 
 Amphicerus bieaudatus, 1185. 
 Anoniala lucicola, 113. 
 Aphis vili.M, 102, 170. 
 Apis mellitica, 441. 
 lilennoeampa pygmiea, 1252. 
 UoHtiichu8bicaudatus = AmphicernBbicauda- 
 
 tUH. 
 
 Capsus oblineatus -- Lygns pratensls. 
 Cecidoiuyia vitis-coryloidea, 1329. 
 , lituuH, 791. 1116. 
 
 pomuni, 403, 1284, 1329, 1898. 
 vitirola,791. 1077,1110,1329. 
 Cecidomyid, 111. 
 Ceranibycid, 429. 
 Ceresa bubalus, 1323, 13J9. 
 Cha-rocampa pampiuatrix — A ui jielophaga 
 
 myron. 
 Cceliodes insqualis = Craponius ina-(|aali8. 
 Colaspis flavida, 129, 133, 135,231, 1301, 1311. 
 Coriiuehena piilicaria, 1046. 
 Craponius iuicqualis, 373, 1059. 
 Curculio, 267. 
 Dactylosphfera vitifolia3= Phylloxera vadta- 
 
 tiix. 
 Darapsa mj-ron = Ampelopbaga myron. 
 Desiuia maculalis, 468. 11.58, 1301, 1569, 1579. 
 Drosopliila ampelo]ihiIa, 2119. 
 Eggs, 855. 
 
 Enchenopa binotata, 725. 
 Enchophyllum binotatum = Enchenopa bino- 
 tata. 
 Erythroneura sp., 164. 
 
 tricincta=:Typhlocyba tri- 
 
 cinctii. 
 viti8= Tyjihlocyba vitis. 
 Eudemis botrana, .557, 58.5, 792, 1059. 
 Eudryas grata, 1127, 1363. 
 unio, 1127, 1363. 
 Fidia longipes. 339. 
 sp., 102. 
 
 viticida, 272, 339, 1059, 1231. 
 Galls, 128, 791 
 
 Graptodera chalybca = Ilalticto chalybea. 
 Haltica chalybea. 203, 298, 1041, 1252, 1255, 1301, 
 
 1821, 1855. 
 Harrisiana aniericana, 164, 213, 1127, 1130. 
 Iso.soma vitis. 482, 484, 1059. 1127. 
 Lasioptera vitis, 720, 1329. 
 Leaf-hopper, 484. 
 
 Lecanium vitis = Pulvinaria vitis. 
 Lygus pratensis, 682. 
 Macrodactylus Bubspinosus. 373. 505. 1375. 
 Membracid, 286. 
 Membracis anipelopsidis. 1183. 
 (Ecanthus nivcus. 286, 414. 723, 1059, 1323. 132», 
 
 1333, 1691,219.5. 
 Oncometopia undata, 36, 79, 164, 399. 
 Orocharis saltator. 513, 1323, rt29. 
 Ortliosouia bruniienm, 397. 
 
 eylindricum = O. brunnenra. 
 Oxyptilus periacelidactylu.t, C64. 1059, 1175, 
 
 1301. 
 Pelidnoia punctata, 113, 129. 3,54, 72.5, 1221, 1301 
 Pemphigus vitifoli.r — I'livlloxera va-.tattir. 
 Penthina vitivorana ~- EuderaiH botraua. 
 
412 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gbape-vine. Insects affecting — Continued. 
 Philampelus achemon, 1091, 1127. 
 pandoni.s, 1102. 
 satelliatia =P. pandoras. 
 Phylloxera vastatrix, 127, 160, 373, 565, 724, 840, 
 916, 1281, 1295, 1301, 
 1311, 1325, 1329, 1342, 
 1363, 1374, 1376, 1421, 
 1423, 1435, 1439, 1482, 
 1530, 1.531, 1623, 1628, 
 1716, 1721, 1727, 1732, 
 1837, 1841, 1895, 1900, 
 1907, 1952. 
 vitifolife = P. vastatrix. 
 Poeciloptera pruinosa, 1329. 
 Polyeaon confertus, 2103. 
 Prionua imbricoruis, 1127, 1274. 
 
 laticollis, 561, 1059, 1081, 1127. 
 Proconia undata = Oucometopia undata. 
 Procris americana = Harrisiana americana. 
 
 falsarius = Acoloitliiis falsarius. 
 Psychomorpha epimeris, 1301, 1363. 
 Pterophorns periscelidactyln.s = Oxyptilus 
 
 periscelidacty his. 
 Pulvinaria vitis, 106, 1212, 1706, 1716. 
 Pyrophlla pyramidoides, 671, 1301. 
 Sciapteron polistiforniis, 373, 1301, 1509. 
 Selandria vitis = Blennocampa pygma?a. 
 Sinoxylon basilare, 1311. 
 Smilia auriculata, 1183. 
 Spilosoma virginica, 1202, 1301. 
 Tettigonia coagulata, 1024. 
 
 vitis --- Typblocyba vitis. 
 Tbyreus abbotii, 763, 1018, 1127, 1248. 
 Typblocyba tricincta, 25. 
 vitis, 203, 686. 
 Grape-vine. Insects injurious to the, 267, 1059, 
 1081, 1086, 1091, 1102, 1118,1130,1137, 
 1158, 1175, 1202. 1221, 1255,1281,1301, 
 1311, 1329, 1363. 
 Large compound gall on, 720. 
 leaf-galls, 724, 840, 1716. 
 
 hoppers, 484, 686. 
 pest. More about the, 1376. 
 plume, 1059, 1301. 
 Procris, 213. 
 root-borer, 1509. 
 roots. Wood-lice on, 1906. 
 tomato-gall, 1329. 
 trumpet-gall, 1329. 
 worm. Dark, 763. 
 Green, 671. 
 Pyramidal, 1301. 
 vines. Bugs on, 1046. 
 
 Caterpillars on, 1208. 
 
 On the cause of deterioration in 
 
 some of our native, 1342. 
 Egg-puncture in raspberry and, 
 
 2195. 
 Eggs of the tree-cricket on, 723. 
 mistaken for chinch-bug. Bugs 
 
 on, 398. 
 to Phylloxera in sandy soil. Re- 
 sistance of, 2250. 
 Rose-chafers on, 1375. 
 Grapes cut oflF by tree-cricket, 414. 
 Honey-bees eating, 441. 
 
 Grapes spoiled by something, 464. 
 Grapholitha gallae-saliciaua n.sp., 1968. 
 Grapbolitha ninana n. sp., 2176. 
 
 olivaceana n. sp., 1968. 
 
 Habits of, 2285. 
 pruinivora, 367, 373, 1795. 
 Graphops pubescens, 2229. 
 Grapta, 1301. 
 
 comma, 461, 1140. 
 interrogationis, 420, 444, 1306. 
 Graptodera carinata = Haltica cariuata. 
 chalybea =t Haltica chalybea. 
 punctipennis := Haltica punctipennia. 
 Grass-bug and its habits, 882. 
 
 insects, 541. 
 Grass. Insects affecting. 
 Laphygma frugiperda, 1127. 
 Leucania unipuncta, 1877. 
 Grasses, Webster, F. M. Insects affecting small 
 
 grains and, 2394. 
 Grasshopper. The, 1588. 
 
 Colorado, 502. 
 eggs, 536, 667. 
 
 Trombidium preying on, 624. 
 Governors of Western States on 
 
 the Rocky Mountain, 1557. . 
 Hateful, 373, 475. 
 injuries. New method of conn- 
 
 teracting, 2235. 
 injury in the near future. Prob- 
 abilities of, 2335. 
 Outlook for locust or, 2461. 
 machine. A satisfactory, 1592. 
 A new enemy of the, 1541. 
 Parasite on hateful, 728. 
 pest of the West. Important ob- 
 servations on, 1571. 
 prospect, 1693. 
 question. Report to governor of 
 
 Kansas, 1573. 
 ravages in California, 2323. 
 Rocky Mountain, 1557. 
 Western, 1998. 
 year ? Is this a, 1565. 
 Grasshoppers, 368, 391, 402, 433, 1363. 
 Destructive, 2363. 
 and locusts, 26, 147, 929. 
 Mites on, 146. 
 Rear-horses vs., 590. 
 Young, 2377. 
 Grass-worm, 2119. 
 
 Gray straight-horned snout-beetle. Large, 1033. 
 Gray. Personal reminiscences of Dr. Asa, 2419. 
 Greasy cut-worm, 1059, 2291, 2418. 
 Great discovery. Curculio extermination possi- 
 ble, 1173. 
 elm-leaf beetle, 1721. 
 Lebia, 1301. 
 leopard moth, 1311. 
 Green apple-leaf tyer, 1311. 
 
 corn. A new insect foe to, 1655. 
 grape-vine worm, 671. 
 hag moth, 1233. 
 striped maple- worm, 1329. 
 worms on gooseberries and currants, 136. 
 Greenhouse pests, 508. 
 plants, 508. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 413 
 
 Gregarioua worm on horae-cbestnut, 1192. 
 waluut caterpillars, 11)45. 
 willow-woriiis, 85G. 
 Ground-beetle. Another herbivorous, 2012. 
 Fiery, 1059. 
 Murky, 48B. 
 Pennsylvaniii, 1059. 
 Subangular, 372. 
 beetles, 1127, 1558, 1625, 1643. 
 Eggs of, 692. 
 Food-habits of, 1760. 
 Vegetal feeding, 1738. 
 Gronndless fear, 284. 
 Growth of insect eggs, 2241. 
 
 Grub fundus. White, 594, 640. 1064, 1430, 1436, 
 1599, 1803, 1823. 
 information wanted. White, 1072. 
 •\\Tiite, 68, 410, 1020, 1059, 2238, 2363, 2394. 
 ■worm, 54. 
 Grubs and guess-work, 1440. 
 Gryllida>, 929, 2267. 
 Gryllotalpa, 2267. 
 
 borealis, 562, 1270, 1798. 
 Columbia, 562. 
 longipennis=:G. Columbia. 
 Gryllns, 2267, 2384. 
 
 abbreviatus, 143, 433. 
 Guano for grape Phylloxera. Use of, 1837. 
 Guard. Be on the, 708. 
 Guess-work. Grubs and, 1440. 
 G uide to the study of insects. Keview of Pack- 
 ard's, 395, 479, 6?3, 827. 
 Gymnetis nitida = Allorhina nitida. 
 Gyrinus larva in stomach of shad, 1853. 
 Habit. Change of, 2096. 
 Hackberry butterflies, 1356, 1363. 
 Hackbekrv. Insects affecting. 
 Apatura alicia, 1363. 
 
 celtis, 1356, 1363. 
 clyton, 1356, 1363. > 
 
 herse = A. clyton. 
 lycaon = A: celtis. 
 Galls, 791. 
 
 PachypsyUa c.-mamma, 2208. 
 c.-venusta, 2208. 
 Hackberry psyllid galls, 2208. 
 Hadena, 2238. 
 
 chenopodii = Mamestra trifolii. 
 devastatrix, 1056, 1059, 2291, 2394, 2355. 
 . juncta, 1056. 
 renigera, 964, 1059. 
 sp., 1047. 
 
 sulijuncta, 901, 1059. 
 Hsematopis grataria, 1059, 1154. 
 Hag-moth. Green, 1233. 
 
 larva, 777, 1272. 
 Hagen, H. A. The Hessian-fly not imported from 
 Europe, 2207. 
 Observations on certain North 
 American Xeuroptera, 39. 
 Hagen's mystery. Dr., 1943. 
 Hair snakes, 612, 861. 1143. 
 worms, 861, 1643, 1959. 
 Hairy caterpillar, 558. 
 
 grape-leaf folders, 664. 
 Haldeman, S. S. Death of, 1909. 
 
 Ualietus 8p.,800. 
 
 Halisidota autijihola ».«})., 40= II. tessellata. 
 caryie. 45. 
 
 hari'isii n. up., 45 = U. tessellata. 
 tesseUata, 40, 45, 50. 
 Haltica alteruata = Disonycha alt«'rnata. 
 carinata, 133, 1868. 
 chalybea, 203, 298, 1041, 1074, 1252, 1255, 1301. 
 
 1583, 1821, 1855. 
 cucuuieri8= Crcpidodera cDcumeris. 
 exapta =11. carinata. 
 helxines = Crcpidodfra helxines. 
 pumtipenuis, 2383. 2468. 
 8tri()lata = Phyllotreta vittata. 
 Haltichi'Ua i)erpulchra. 11. 12. 
 Halticidie, 873, 1858, 2236. 
 Ham-beetle. Red-legged, 1363. 
 Hams. Skippers injuring smoked, 1734. 
 Hand-maid moth, 2222. 
 Hard story. • Ephemera flies, 1043. 
 Harlequin cabbage-bug, 1099,1311,1534,2238,2263. 
 
 2291. 
 Harmless insects, 1526. 
 Harold's Catalogus Coleopterorum. Gemminget 
 
 and, 18C6. 
 Harpactor cinctus= Milyas ciuctns. 
 Harpalus, 1643. 
 
 caliginosus, 3. 486. 
 erraticus, 1537. 
 pennsylvanicus, 372. 
 Harpiphorus maculatus, 499, 955, 965, 1056, 1264, 
 
 1570, 1586, 2324. 
 Harris's bark-lou.se, 373. 
 
 correspondence (review), 623. 
 insects injurious to vegetation (review), 
 568. 
 Harrisina americana, 164, 213, 789, 1056, 1127, 1135. 
 Harvest bugs, 412. 
 
 fly. Dog-day, 1546. 
 mites, 1326. 
 Hatch pupu'. How to, 509. 
 
 Will uuinipregnated eggs, 1029. 
 Hatching ? Are the locusts, 1566. 
 Hateful grasshopper, 373, 475. 
 
 Parasites on, 728. 
 locust. 1452. 
 
 loeu.Hts. Prairie fires and, 1453. 
 Hawk's pellets. 601, 643. 
 Hawthorn. Worms on, 1051. 
 Hay. Worms under mulch, 1161. 
 Head-maggot, 450. 1059. 
 
 of winged insects, Packard, A. S. Number 
 of segments in the. 2267. 
 Hedge-hog caterpillar, 1153. 
 Helia ami'ricalis, 2414. 
 Helianthus. Lixus macer bred from, 2404. 
 Heliotliina'. Synopsis of (review). 2178. 
 HeUothis amiigora, 192. 636. 820. 993, 11.16, 1256. 
 1301, 1353, 1664, 1695, 1886.1915,2119. 
 2238, 2343. 
 marginidens = Pyrrhla expriraens. 
 phlogophagus, 936, 945, 993, 1056. 
 umbni.sus, 2343. 
 Hellgramite, 1570, 1584. 
 
 fly, 473, 1329. 
 Helops serena, 751. 
 
414 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Helops micans, 963. 
 
 puUus = H. aereus. 
 Heraaris thysbe, 879. 
 Hemerobidfe, 22b7. 
 
 Hemileuca maia, 595, 722, 735, 760, 1329, 1352. 
 Hemiptera, 400, 1329, 2267. 
 
 upon shrubs, fruits, and grains. Web- 
 ster, F. M., 2382. 
 Experiments of the ef- 
 fects of punctures of, 
 2382. 
 Hemipterological studies, 2034. 
 Hemispherical larva at bottom of ant hill, 1789. 
 Hemiteles, 77, 
 
 cressoni n. sp., 1059. 
 
 fuscatus n. sp., 380 = var. of nemati- 
 
 vorus. 
 nemativorus n. sp., 380. 
 thyridopterygis n. sp., 1059. 
 Hemlock Gelechia, 2232. 
 Hemlock. Insects affecting. 
 Buprestid, 2267. 
 Cerambycid,2207. 
 Gelechia abietisella, 2232, 
 Hen. Death of a, 1094. 
 Henderson's experiments. Mr., 1688. 
 Henous, 1643. 
 
 confertus, 1600. 
 larval habits, 1387. 
 Heptagenia n. g., 39. 
 
 cruentata n. sp., 39. 
 macnlipennis n. sp., 39. 
 simplex n. sp., 39. 
 Herbivorous ground-beetle. Another, 2042. 
 Herpetogomphus rupinsulensls Ji. sp., 24. 
 Hesperid larva feeding on Oanna, 1897. 
 Hessian-fly, 150, 250, 426, 1581, 1665, 2008, 2267, 2365. 
 Effects of drought on, 2031. 
 in England, 2395. 
 
 into England. Introduction of, 2398. 
 Fighting the, 1587. 
 half way around the world, 2440. 
 Koeppen's account of the, 2267. 
 in North America. Early references 
 
 to the, 2267. 
 Not the, 1445. 
 
 imported from Europe. Hagen, 
 H. A., 2267. 
 ■ Parasites of, 2332. 
 
 prior to the Revolution. Insects con- 
 founded with the, 2470. 
 Probable parthenogenesisof the, 1787. 
 in seed-wheat, 494. 
 
 Silesia. Oohn, F., 2267. 
 Wheat-rust and the, 1605. 
 Hetaerina pseudamericana n. sp., 39. 
 rupamnensis n. sp., 39. 
 rupinsulensis n. sp., 24. 
 scelerata n. sp., 39. 
 tesana n.sp., 39. 
 Heteronychus relictus = Ligyrus relictus. 
 Heteropelma datautC n. sp., 2526. 
 Heteroptera, 1736. 
 
 Defensive odors of the, 354. 
 Hexagenia n. g., 39. 
 
 bjUueata, 372, 1043, 1851. 
 
 Hexaplasta, 1749, 1932. 
 
 zigzag n. sp., 1749, 1932, 2343. 
 Hexapoda, 1955, 2207. 
 
 Poisonous, 2399. 
 Hibernating Aletia chrysalids. Supposed, 1927. 
 
 apple-worms. Severe cold and, 2037. 
 Hibernation of Aletia xylina in the United States 
 a settled fact, 2141. 
 Amphipyra pyramidoides, 1471. 
 army- worm, 2086. 
 the cotton-moth, 1728. 
 
 worm moth, 1953. 
 insects, 1129. 
 Hickory-bark borer, 938. 
 
 borer, 269, 308, 1401. 
 
 Citheronia regalis on shell-bark, 775. 
 
 Eccopsis, 2363. 
 
 Fall web-worm on, 460.- 
 
 galls, 360. 
 
 made by Phylloxera. New, 1901. 
 Gelechia. White heart, 2363. 
 Hybrid between a grape and a, 1284. 
 HiCKOEY. Insects affecting. 
 
 Arhopalus pictus = Cyllene pictus. 
 
 Cecidomyia tubicola, 1232. 
 
 Citheronia regalis, 775. 
 
 Cly tus pictus == Cyllene pictus. 
 
 CyUene pictus, 89, 269, 308, 1516. 
 
 Datana ministra, 2222. 
 
 Eccopsis, 2303. 
 
 Galls, 791. 
 
 Gelechia, 2363. 
 
 Hyphantria cunea, 460. 
 
 textor = H. cunea. 
 Phylloxera caryse avellana, 1901. 
 caulis, 360, 685. 
 globuli, 360. 
 scissa, 1901. 
 Scolytus caryio = S. 4-8pinosus. 
 
 4-spinosus, 938, 1329, 1401, 1754. 
 Hickory Scolytus, 938. , 
 
 stem gall-louse, 685. 
 vs. locust-borer, 1516. 
 Hipparchiscus n. g., 40 = Aplodes. 
 
 venustus ■». sp., 40 = Aplodes mi- 
 mosaria. 
 Hippodamia. Ambiguous, 2119. 
 
 coHvergens, 639, 1251, 1431, 1672. 
 glacialis 849. 
 
 maculata = Megilla uiaculata. 
 Hirmoneura. Entomography of, 2275. 
 
 Larval stages and habits of, 2169. 
 obscura, 2169, 2275. 
 Hirundo amcricana, 1502. 
 
 fulva, 1502. 
 Hispa scutellaris = Odontota dorsalis. 
 Hitherto unknown life-habits of two ge^era of 
 
 bee flies, 2002. 
 Hockeria n. g., 11 = Haltichella. 
 
 perpulchra n. s;5., 11 = Haltichella per. 
 pulcbra. 
 Hog caterpillar of the vine, 1127. 
 
 iufested with para- 
 sites, 1247. 
 Hogs vs. bugs, 387. 
 Holcaspis mamma, 518, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 415 
 
 Holes around the roots of young .oshtroos in the 
 
 nursery, 471.- 
 flolocora glauduella n. gj>., 1310, 1311. 
 Houialoniyia leidyi n.fp., 382. 
 
 pruinivora »».*ip., 38'2. 
 wllaoui n. sp., 382.. 
 Home. Colorado potato-beotlo's native, 1462. 
 Ilomoptera. Egg-slits made by, I'J. 
 Uouey-ant. Peculiarities of the Mexican, 1417. 
 
 bee. Braala coeca not paiticularly inju- 
 rious to, 1982. 
 Bug preying on, 13. 
 Dipterous enemies of, 704. 
 Ui.seussion on, 1455. 
 Insect enemies of, 1059. 
 bees carnivorous ? Are, 2098. 
 
 eating grapes, 441. 
 locnst seed weevil, 1026. 
 
 •weevil, 1474. 
 producing oak gall, 1942. 
 Too fond of, 764. 
 Honor. Deserved, 2124. 
 Hop Aphis, 1001, 2291, 2394, 2418. 
 
 and the cranberry. Smith, J. B. Insects 
 
 affecting the, 2291. 
 growing in the West, 235, 279. 
 insects, 1001. 
 
 plant louse in Europe and America. Prob- 
 lem of the, 2400. 
 fully solved. Problem of the, 
 
 2396. 
 Life-history of the, 2393. 
 Problem of the, 2100. 
 vine caterpillars, 444, 979. 
 Hor-viXE. Insects affkctlnc;. 
 Grapta interrogatiouis, 420, 444. 
 Hypena humuli = H. scabra. 
 
 scabra, 979, 1001. 
 Hyperchiria io, 420. 
 Phorodon humuli, 235, 279, 1001, 2393, 2394, 
 
 2396, 2400. 
 Satumia io = Hyperchiria io. 
 Vanessa interrogatiouis —Grapta icterroga- 
 tionis. 
 Hop-vine. Insect foes of the, 420. 
 Hoplophora arctata n. sp., 1363, 1370. 
 Hopper in Iowa, 1585. 
 
 Horinus lievis = Merinus lajvia. , 
 
 Horizontal insect boxes, 1963. 
 Ilormaphis spinosus, 1678. 
 Horn-bug, 1G3G. 
 
 Cocoon of, 784. 
 Horned Pas.salus, 1311. 
 
 Egg of, 1329. 
 
 Hornia 71.(7., 1601> 1643. 
 
 minutipepnis n. »p., 1601, 1651. 
 Structure and development of, 1651. 
 Horn's classification of the Carabida), 2051. 
 Horse bot-lly, 2238. 
 
 chestnut. Flat-headed apple-tree borer in, 
 1316. 
 Gregarious worms on, 1192. 
 Horse-chestnut. Insect.s affectint,. 
 Caccecia rileyana, 1192. 
 Chrysobolliri.-i femorata, 1316. 
 Xortris rileyana = Caccecia rileyana. 
 
 Horse-hair snakes, 612. 
 
 Horses. Lice on, 258. 
 
 Horticultural entomology. Recent advances in, 
 
 2230. 
 Horticulture. Utilization of ants in, 2089, 2137. 
 Houghton's insects in tiio orchard, 188. 
 House-liy, 804, 2078. 
 
 Proboscis, 178.1. 
 How great witsjiini]) together, .067. 
 
 to hatch pujiiP, .'lOO. 
 Howard, L.O. Chinch bug, 2418. 
 
 Codling nioth,24l8. 
 Howell, M. A. Experience witli the spring 
 
 canker-worm, 2267. 
 Hubbard, II. G. Miscellaneous notes on orange 
 in.sect.s, 2164. 
 Report on cotton insccl.^ 2343. 
 Rust of the orange, 2291. 
 Scale insects of the orange, 2119. 
 Hudson Bay Lepidoptera, 1985. 
 Hull's Curculio catcher, 37-2, 651, 875. 
 Hulst's ob:>ervations on Pronuba yuccasella, Mr., 
 
 2371. 
 Hnmau aniir.al. .Parasites of the, 497. 
 body. Larvib in, 382. 
 lungs. On a larva of Scenopiuus from, 
 1348. 
 Humbert on Lucilia, 2255. 
 Humblebees, 800. 
 Humbug. Another, 195. 
 
 now Curculio, 589. 
 Entomology all a, 63. 
 New, 122. 
 
 Curculio, 680. 
 Humming-bird moths caught by the tongue, 1388. 
 Hundred and fifty million dollars. That, 1647. 
 
 legged worms, 219. 
 Hybrid between a grain;- vine and a hickory, 1284. 
 Hydrachna belostomaj »». n])., 1632, 
 Hydrophilus piceus, 2016. 
 
 triangularis, 2016. 
 
 Notes on, 2016. 
 Hylecu'tus lugubris, 575. 
 Hylesinus opa' ulus, 1656, 1721. 
 
 trif dii. 16H0, 1721, 1777, 1846,2512. 
 Hylobius confusus, 700, 1168. 
 
 stupidus, 84.'>. 
 Hylurgops, Packard, A. S. De^■elopnleut of, 2267. 
 Hylurgus pinifex, '2267. 
 Hymenopiera, 543, 1329, 1736, 2267. 
 
 Description of NorthAinericaD, 385. 
 Para.sitic, 310. 
 Willow galls nuido by, 46. 
 Workers among, 311. 
 Hymenorus ob.scurus, 2105. 
 
 ruflpes, 2105, 2-2.'6. 
 
 as a niyrmecnphilous species, 
 2226. 
 Hypena humuli, 9 = H. scnbrn. 
 
 ecabra, 979, 1001, 1976, 2343. 
 8cal)ralis,'234'l. 
 Hyperchiria io,420, 809, 1264, 1329, 1352, 1389, 2343. 
 
 varia = H. io. 
 Hypermet.iniorpho.oes of Meloida-, 2191. 
 IIvphantriarunea,112.212, 454, 4-.6. 400. 819. 1301, 
 1733, 1849, 1U9.-., 22;i8, 2378, 2379, KH. 
 textor = U. cuiioa. 
 
416 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hypodenna bovia, 898, 1563, 2238 
 Hyponomeuta, 2000. 
 
 malinella, 2000. 
 muUipunctella, 2000. 
 5-punctella, 1603, 1804. 
 Hypopus, 1703. 
 Icerya. Bull. No. 15 on, 2389. 
 Life-history of, 2386. 
 in New Zealand. Enemies of, 2479. 
 purchasi, 2386, 2394, 2400, 2401, 2415. 
 
 an insect injurious to fruit- 
 trees, 2401. 
 Original habitat of, 2415. 
 sacchari, 2415. 
 IchneumoD, 1541. 
 
 brevipennis, 1570. 
 cseruleus, 1802. 
 Cocoons of, 63, 183. 
 flies, 662, 679, 1643, 1625. 
 
 Cocoons of, 851. 
 fly. Army-worm, 1127. 
 fly mistaken for a wasp, 477. 
 leucanife, 1670. 
 
 obsoletus n. sp., 1570=:var. of brevi- 
 pennis. 
 signatipes, 1802. 
 from stomach of bluebird, 1878. 
 wing, 50, 197, 385. 
 Ichneumonidee, 2516. 
 
 Descriptions of new, 385. 
 Habits, 158. 
 Ichttyura inclusa, 856. 
 Icy lady-bird, 1311. 
 Identity. Mistaken, 1593. 
 Ignorance in the North. Entomological, 431. 
 South. Entomological, 390. 
 Illinois. Entomological tour in Southern, 372. 
 First report noxious insects of, 373. 
 Flying locusts in, 1437, 1443. 
 Natural History Society. Address be- 
 fore, 5. 
 New Cynipidse of, 41. 
 Pseudoneuroptera, 24. 
 A rare capture in, 1211. 
 Six worst insect enemies of the fruit- 
 growers in northern, 377. 
 State entomologist of, 327. 
 
 Horticultural Society. Report of 
 committee on entomology of, 
 1056. 
 Imbricated snout-beetle, 1301, 2291. 
 Imitative butterflies, 613. 
 Impatiens fulva. GaUs on, 852. 
 Imperial moth. Larva of, 1087, 1268. 
 Importation of insect parasites, 2461. 
 
 Lestophonus. Further on the, 
 2541. 
 Imported cabbage-butterfly, 1127, 2291. 
 worm, 2232, 2238, 2291. 
 
 Bacterial disease of the, 
 
 2251. 
 New remedy for, 2298. 
 in the South, 1714. 
 Successful introduction 
 of a parasite of the, 
 2291. 
 
 Imported carpet-beetle, 1699. 
 
 currant-worm, 1127,1570,2238. 
 
 fly and its parasite, 380 
 3S1. 
 elm-leaf beetle, 2232, 2304, 2325, 2378, 
 
 2394. 
 gooseberry saw-fly, 228, 333. 
 
 worms, 156. 
 insects, 140, 225. 
 
 and native American insects, 
 1115, 1127. 
 orchard Scolytus, 2233. 
 plants aud insects, 1339. 
 Importing European parasites, 208. 
 Improved method of .spraying trees for protection 
 
 against insects. 2211. 
 In memoriam B. D. Walsh, 1098. 
 Index to reports State entomologist of Missouri, 
 
 2026. 
 Indian-corn insects, 23, 138. 
 
 Indiana, Butler, A. W. The periodical Cicada in 
 southeastern, 2364. 
 Webster, F. AI. The season's observa- 
 tions in, 2418. 
 Indigo. Walshia amorphella on false, 1127. 
 Industry in the United States. Silk, 2268. 
 Inexpei t defense, 2476. 
 Inflating Chalcis, 1059. 
 Information wanted, 1111. 
 Injurious caterpillars, 151. 
 insects, 126. 
 
 in California, 2074. 
 InqaUines in galleries of common white ant, 1729. 
 
 and Psenides. Relations of, 41. 
 Inquiries answered, 180. 
 Inquiring friends, 1642, 1656. 
 Insect boxes. Vertical vs. horizontal, 1963, 
 
 catching habits of Sarracenia variolaris, 
 
 1385, 1390. 
 changes, 388. 
 collection for sale, 2046. 
 collections. Naphthaline cones for, 2073. 
 
 Protei tion of, 2180. 
 damage to the corks of wine-bottles, 2477. 
 defoliators. Shade-trees and their, 2378, 
 
 2379. 
 destroyer. Paris green as an, 1447. 
 eggs, 243, 286, 291. 
 
 Growth of, 224L 
 enemies, 1583. 
 
 of the Colorado potato-beetle, 411. 
 
 growing rice, 1911. 
 to the rice-plant, 1949. 
 extinguisher. Treat's (review), 531. 
 foe of the apple-tree borer, 421. 
 
 to green corn. A new, 1655. 
 foes of the apple-tree, 467. 
 army-worm, 12. 
 bark-louse, 417. 
 hop-vine, 420. 
 pea, 14. 
 potato, 1558. 
 found about orange-trees, 1798- 
 friend. Another, 879. 
 friends and insect foes, 38. 
 on grape, 1569. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 417 
 
 Insect injurious to junipers, 1713. 
 
 wheat. A new, 2288. 
 killer. Worthleasness of the sparrow as 
 
 an, 2413. 
 life, 5. 
 
 and sun spots, 2094. 
 locouiotioii, 1955. 
 named, 2297. 
 pest. A uew, 1680. 
 plagues, 2198. 
 
 A plaut growing out of an, 332, 478. 
 powder. Direi'tions for cultivating pyre- 
 thru ni fur, 1'.I9G. 
 Persian, 1-185. 
 powders and their use, 1692. 
 ravages, 1404. 
 Trade in, 1986. 
 world, 1466, 1467. 
 
 Figuier's (leview), 408. 
 Kemarkable jieculiarity in the, 622. 
 Insecticide. London puiple as an, 1725. 
 Ose.ve daisy as an, 1861. 
 Pyrethruni an iniportiint, 2131. 
 its use as an, 2119. 
 Use of naphthaline as an, 2274. 
 Paris green as an, 1497. 
 Insecticides. Eniulsionsof petroleum as, 2134. 
 
 and their 
 
 value as, 
 
 2126, 2200. 
 
 on garden insects ,A1 wood, W. B. 
 
 Tests with, 2382. 
 upon insects aflfecting garden crops. 
 
 Experiments with, 2344. 
 Quelques mots sur les, 2283. 
 Two valuable, 1743. 
 Insectivorous plants. Food of, 1499. 
 Insects attracted to light, 178, 2352. 
 
 Bill providing for the extermination of, 
 
 1842. 
 Birds vg., 199, 369. 
 Bluebirds feeding on pasasitic and preda- 
 
 ceous, 1885. 
 in California. Injurious, 2074. 
 Califoruian orange, 2373. 
 Catalogues and monographs of, 1765. 
 Centennial, 1511, 1611. 
 clustered on apple-trees, 1263. 
 collecting and preserving, 881, 1057. 
 Comstork's classification of, 2390. 
 Damage to silver plate by, 2154. 
 Death of mules caused by, 1811. 
 is directed. How flight in, 1891. 
 Directions for collecting and preserving, 
 881. 
 rearing, 14. 
 and drought, 2100. 
 effects of severe cold on, 1818. 
 enemies of fruit and fruit-trees. Review 
 of Trimble's, 187. 
 in northern Illinois. Sis 
 worst, 377. 
 the honey-bee, 1059. 
 rice-plant, 1919. 
 feeding on sap of black-waluut, 1195. 
 in the flower garden, 936. | 
 
 27 ENT 
 
 Insects as food for man, 2166. 
 
 found on apple-trees, 731. 
 Fungus dista»(;s of bonuflcial, 1813. 
 Harmless, l.'>26. 
 Imported, 140. 
 
 plant.s and, 1.3.39. 
 Improved mt-thnd of spraying trees for 
 
 protection against, 2211. 
 Injurious, 126. 
 
 injurious to agriculture. Legislation in 
 ' regaril f o, 
 1168. 
 New, 205.'>. 
 cereals and forage crops, 
 
 2238. 
 cotton in Ilrazil, 2277. 
 field crops, 2238. 
 fruit and fruit trees, 2238. 
 
 trees, 10,31. 
 garden vegetables. 2238. 
 grape-vine, 267, 1081, lOKO, 
 1091, 1102, 1118, 1127, 1130, 
 11. '.8, 117.-.. 1202, 1221, 1255, 
 1281. 1301', 1311, 1329. 1363. 
 live-stock, 2238. 
 orange in Brazil, 2277. 
 sngar-cane iu Brazil, 2277. 
 vegetation. Review of Har- 
 ris's, iJOS. 
 in Illinois, 6, ,52. 
 Legislation to 
 control, 1946. 
 the vine, 2238. 
 of interest to fruit-growers. 
 Introduction and spread of scale, 2232. 
 by malodorants. Repelling, 2091. 
 Maple-tree, 2279. 
 Mind how you pack yonr, 435. 
 most destructive to the orange. Success- 
 ful management of the, 2088. 
 named, 163, 200, 316, .358, 359, 413, 447, 463, 
 490. 540, 500, 562, 582, 631. 673, 714, 721. 736, 
 743, 740, 785, 789, 805, 832, 847, 849, ><58, 
 1140, 1147, 118.3, 1226. 1273, 1287. 
 to be named, 488. 514, 598. 
 in the National Museum. The coUertion 
 of, 2290. 
 Report on the 
 collect ion of, 
 2282, 2 330, 
 2368. 
 and native American insects. Imported, 
 
 1115,1127. 
 Nervon-s system of, 222.5. 
 Notes on our commoner, 1802. 
 on the oleander, 730. 
 in the orchard. Review of Houghton's, 
 
 18-t. 
 Piiokard. A. .S. Larva; of injuriona forest, 
 2207. 
 Notes on forest, 2253. 
 Number of segments in 
 the head of winged, 
 2267. 
 around peach-trees, 600. 
 Pitcher-plant, 1385. 
 
418 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Insects. Poisoning noxions, 205. 
 Poisonous, 2399. 
 
 Popular remedies for noxious, 73. 
 Preserving, 881, 1057. 
 Kegulation of sex in, 1415. 
 in relation to agriculture, 2238. 
 Eeniedies for various, 2284. 
 Retarded development of, 2040. 
 Salt and vinegar for, 937. 
 Simulium feeding on other, 2177. 
 Some interesting, 1232. 
 Stings of, 116. 
 
 from stomach of lark, robin, and sun- 
 fish, 1926. 
 rook-bass, 1792. 
 stripping the biirr-oak, 966. 
 in timber, 918. 
 Trade in, 1986. 
 Transformation of, 528. 
 Unity in coloration of, 50. 
 Use of buckwheat to destroy, 1744. 
 
 fungus growths to destroy, 1918. 
 poisons to destroy, 1887. 
 used as food. Salt-water, 2203. 
 White willow, 907. 
 of the year, 2289,2331. 
 
 Destructive, 2322. 
 Insekten. Einige unserer schadlicherer, 1325. 
 Insidious flower-bug, 1127, 1423, 2418. 
 Instinct of Cicada septeudecim, 2144. 
 Instructions to agents of the U. S. Entomological 
 
 Commission. Supplementary, 1888. 
 Interaction of organisms, 139, 1954. 
 Interest felt in economic entomology in California, 
 
 2053. 
 Interim committees. Ad, 394. 
 Intermittance of phosphorescence in fireflies, 
 
 1805. 
 Internal mite in fowls, 2157. 
 Introduction of Phylloxera. Laws to prevent the, 
 
 2019, 
 Invigorator again. Best's fruit-tree, 530. 
 
 once more. Best's, 545. 
 lomoth, 1329, 1389. 
 
 caterpillar, 809. 
 Iowa. Economic entomology in, 2197. 
 The hopper in, 1585. 
 Osborn, H. Report upon the insects of the 
 
 season in, 2418. 
 The seventeen-year Cicada in, 1737. 
 Ipomsea commutata. Aletia feeding, 2343. 
 Ips in calyx of pear. Banded, 1239. 
 fasciatus, 4, 214, 1239. 
 4-signatus -^ I. fasciatus. 
 Isabella tiger-moth, 1311. 
 Isosoma, 2394. 
 
 allynii, 2060, 2063. 
 
 grande?i.s^., 2288, 2291, 2316, 2348, 2363, 
 
 2394. 
 Habits of. 2348. 
 
 hordei, 563, 923, 2060, 2238, 2316, 2394. 
 Larger wheat-straw, 2291. 
 lineare, 2000, 2119. 
 nigrum = I. hordei. 
 
 tritici n. sp., 2060, 2063, 2119, 2123, 2316, 
 2363, 2394. 
 
 Isosoma vitis, 482, 1059, 1127. 
 Wheat, 2119. 
 
 straw, 2291, 2394. 
 Ithycerusnoveboracensis,16, 306, 652, 659, 869, 1033, 
 
 1085, 1188, 1301. 
 lulus, 430. 
 
 Cffiruleo-cinctus, 236. 
 
 marginatus = Spirobolus marginatus. 
 
 infested with Gamasus juloides, 
 963. 
 multistriatusn. sjp., 193= Cambalaannulata. 
 virgatus, 261. 
 Ixodes bovis, 404. 
 sp.,834. 
 
 unipunctata. 1133. 
 Jaeger's North American insects, 84. 
 Japanese mode of packing silk-worm eg^ga, 1616. 
 Jarring down infested fruit. Codling-moth, 1318. 
 Jassida', 7.37. 
 Jassus, 1766. 
 
 sexnotatus, 1706. 
 Jiggers, 412. 
 Johnson, L. Report on lotton-worm, boll-worm, 
 
 and other insects, 2164. 
 Joint- worm, 49, 62, 563, 923, 2238. 
 
 Appendix to article on, 1223. 
 fly, 1127. 
 Joint-worms, 2119, 2394. 
 
 Notes on, 2316. 
 Joints of wheat. Worni in, 1848. 
 Jones, R. W. O'oservations and experiments on 
 cotton-worm, 2164. 
 Report on cotton insects, 2343. 
 W. J. Report on cotton insects, 2343. 
 Joppidium n. g. , 385. 
 
 ruficeps 11. si)., 385. 
 .Journal of a State entomologist. One day's, 383. 
 Jumping to conclusions, 253. 
 
 seeds and galls, 1496. 2163, 2173. 
 spiders, 2302. 
 sumach-beetle, 1363. 
 tree-cricket, 1329. 
 Juniper. Dapsilia rutilans on, 1713, 1721. 
 
 web-worm, 1721. 
 Junipers. Insects injurious to, 1713. 
 Juniperus sabina. Insects injurious to, 698. 
 Junonia lavinia, 753. 
 Kansas bombardier-beetle, 1311. 
 The locust in, 1591. 
 and Missouri this fall. No locust injury 
 
 in, 1433. 
 Report on grasshopper question to the 
 
 governor of, 1573. 
 Scorpion in, 1119. 
 Silk culture in, 1542. 
 Kartofi^el-KJifer. Neue, 919. 
 Katydid. Angular-winged, 1363. 
 
 Broad- winged, 1329, 1363. 
 Domesticated, 1536. 
 Eggsof the, 516, 1005. 
 
 angular, 1518. 
 oblong, 569. 
 Narrow-winged, 1363. 
 Oblong- winged, 1329, 1363. 
 See Catydid. 
 Katydids, 1363. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 419 
 
 Eentncky. Coleopterons cave faana of, 2033. 
 Kemiea Ralliforniia n. #/)., 1972. ' 
 
 Kerosene emulsion, 2291. 
 
 as a means against cotton insects, 2164. 
 orange insects, 2164. 
 Kii'senwoiter. Obituary, 1819. 
 Killer. Cottonwootl, 1664. 
 Killers. Bie, 1543. 
 
 Killing apple-worms by machinery, 769. 
 Kingdom. Animal, 393. 
 Klippart's wheat plant (review), 186. 
 Knot once more. Black, 930. 
 Knots on apple-tree roots caused by root-lice, 
 
 1187. 
 Knotweed geometer, 1059. 
 
 HiEniatopis grataria on, 1059. 
 Knowledge useless ? Is any, 1135. 
 Koebele, A. Experiments on cottony cushion-" 
 scale, 2394. 
 the red scale, 2394. 
 Notes on locusts about Folsom, Cal., 
 
 2363. 
 Report of experiments against scale 
 insects, 2418. 
 Koeppen, F. T. Account of the Hessian-fly, 2267. 
 Labena. Useful, 1423. 
 Labia, 22G7. 
 Lac insects, 2119. 
 Lace-wing fly, 533, 1423. 
 Lace- wing larva, 1059. 
 
 Weeping, 1127. 
 Lachnosterna fusca, 3, 54, 68, 300, 332,410,478,500, 
 594, 640, 865, 1020, 1059, 1064, 1072, 
 . 1307, 1313, 1329, 1436, 1440, 1522, 
 
 1803,1812,2238, 2394. 
 pilosicollis;^ L. tristis. 
 quercina ^ L. fusca. 
 quercus, 372. 
 tristis, 966. 
 Lacbnus caryie, 27. 
 
 plantanicola n. gp., 2138. 
 8tr()bi,265, .320, 1039. 
 Lackey moth. American, 1301. 
 Lacordaire, J. T. Death of, 1285. 
 Ladder spider, 1299. 
 Lady-bird. Ashy-gray, 2119. 
 Blood-red, 2119. 
 Cactus, 2119. 
 
 Fifteen-spotted, 959, 1311. 
 Icy, 1311. 
 
 and its larva. Northern, 1289. 
 Spotted, 599. 
 Twice-stabben, 38, 1883. 
 Lady-birds, 1059, 1127, 1423, 1558, 2119. 
 
 Swarms of, 824. 
 Lafayette, Ind., Webster, F. M. Experiments at, 
 
 2344. 
 Lagoa oiierenlaris, 145, 796, 1748. 
 Lake Sujierior. Simulium from, 2032. 
 Lamellidbrnia, 1440. 
 Lampronota, 1878. 
 
 amphirailsena n. *p., 385. 
 breviventris n. gp., 385. 
 imitatrix n. *7).,:J85. 
 interpillata n. gp., 385. 
 pictiventris n. gp., 385. 
 
 Larapyrida), 1705, 1805, 2036. 
 
 ltovi.>4ion of the, 1819. 
 Lampyris noctiluca, 1097, 1917. 
 Lapliria thoracica— Daoylli.s thoracica. 
 Laphygma autuniualis — L. fniniperda. 
 
 fnigiperda, 1 127, 1256, 1267, 1282. 1301, 
 
 1400.2011,2343. 
 fulvosa n. v., 1301 = var. of L. fiugi- 
 
 perda. 
 obscura, ;». v., 1301 = var. of L. frugi- 
 jterda. 
 Laporte. Obituary, 1S17. 
 Lappet caterpillars on the aj)iile, 972. 
 
 ai)iile-trfe8, 812. 
 Larch. Nematns erichsoni on, 2232. 
 
 saw-fly, 2232. 
 Large Asilus tiy, 1269. 
 
 black potato-beetles, 1206. 
 
 compound gall on grape-vine, 720. 
 
 dragon-fly, 759. 
 
 fish-fly, 712, 903. 
 
 gray straight-horned snout-beetle, 1033. 
 
 green caterpillars on the apple, 1076. 
 
 worms in a peach, 661. 
 moih on apple-trees, 1028. 
 phosphorescent larva, 1874. 
 saw-fly, 1514. 
 silken cocoon, 604. 
 water-beetle, 750, 816. 
 white-scale on Acacias, 1730. 
 willow-wonn, 1380. 
 worm on apple-trees, 1048. 
 Larger cabbage-butterfly, 2232. 
 
 wheatstraw I.sosoma, 2291. 
 Lark. Insect from stomach of a, 1926. 
 Larva boring along the axis of apple twig, 1850. 
 injurious tocottoii squares. Butterfly, 1872. 
 Large phosphorescent, 1874. 
 Moth issuing from a, 1779. 
 LarvsB. Aquatic, 1851. 
 Habits of, 340. 
 in the human bowels, 382. 
 of injurious forest inflects, 2267. 
 named, 1264. 
 Preserving, 1.300. 
 in stomach of black-ba.ss, 1792. 
 bluebird, 1871. 
 Larval characteristics of Corydalus and Chaulio- 
 des, 16.">2. 
 characters andbabits of blister-beelles.lOOO. 
 Kpicauta. 1600. 
 Macrobadis, 1600. 
 habits of hee-Hies. Bombylida-, 1947, 1970. 
 Dexida-, 2260. 
 
 K]iicauta and Henous, 1387. 
 Sjihenopbori that attack corn, 
 2030. 
 life as influenced by fi>od. Number of 
 
 raolLs and length of, 21tf7. 
 stages and habits of bee-fly. Hirmonuura, 
 2109. 
 Larviform females in tbePhengodioi. LuDiinoiu, 
 
 2397, 2402. 
 Lasius latipes, 27. 
 Lasiodernia serricorne, 551. 
 Lasioptera vitis, 720, 1329. 
 
420 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Law. Carrying out the, 1993. 
 
 Lawn. Beetles swarming aboat, 718. 
 
 Laws to prevent the introduction of Phylloxera, 
 
 2019. 
 Leaf-beetle. Streaked cottonwood, 2291. 
 bug. Ash gray, 1127, 1423. 
 bugs, 400. 
 crnmpler. Apple, 574, 1580. 
 
 in Georgia. Kascal, 1962. 
 Rascal, 341, 373, 1311. 
 folder. Cranberry, 2291. 
 
 Grape, 1301, 1579. 
 galls and caterpillar.^ on sugar berry, 762. 
 
 on the grape-vine, 1716. 
 hopper, 36. 
 
 injurious to small grains. A new, 
 1767. 
 hoppers, 2362. 
 
 on celery, 452. 
 of the grape, 399. 
 Grape-vine, 484. 
 injuring wheat, 1766. 
 miner on white-oak, 1879. 
 miners of the locust, 451. 
 roller. Strawberry, 1574. 
 rollers. Descriptions of new, 1969. 
 tyer. The green, 1311. 
 Leafy oak-gall, 774. 
 Leather-beetle, 2363. 
 Lebia crandis, 365, 1218. 
 
 Great, 1301. 
 Lecanium, 1. 
 
 acericola n.«p., 389= Pnlvinaria innu- 
 
 merabilis. 
 maclurffl n..«p., 389 = Pnlvinaria innn- 
 
 mernbilis. 
 oleae, 1303. 
 rossB = L. olese. 
 sp. on blackberry, 117. 
 china-tree, 1964. 
 magnolia, 1377. 
 plum, 107. 
 sugar-maple, 1004. 
 vitis = Pulvinaria vitis. 
 Leconte, J. L. Death of, 2246. 
 
 Tribute to the memory of, 2264. 
 Leconte's pine-worm, 1570. 
 Lederer, J. Death of, 1285. 
 LeDuc, W.G. Letter to, 1684 
 Legged maple-borer, 1363. 
 
 Legislation to control insects injurious to vege- 
 tation, 1946. 
 in regard to insects injurious to agri- 
 culture, 1468. 
 Lematrilineata, 119, 126, 135, 136, 138, 185, 401,565, 
 
 925, 1059, 1328, 1558, 1593. 
 Length of larval life as influenced by food. Num- 
 ber of molts and, 2167. 
 the thread of the silk-worm, 1359. 
 Leopard moth. Great, 1311. 
 Lepidium vs. bed-bugs, 1741. 
 Lepidoptera, 1329, 2267, 2340. 
 
 Hudson Bay, 1985. 
 
 Migrations of, 1770. 
 
 New lists of North American, 2132. 
 
 Notes on South American, 1784. 
 
 Lepidoptera of the Outer Hebrides, 2058. 
 Lepidopterological notes, 1999, 2013, 2160. 
 Lepidiipteron. A myrmeco])hik>us, 2214. 
 Lepidopterous case-bearer. 260. 
 
 larviP. Dried leaves as food for, 
 2159. 
 Fleas feeding on, 2110. 
 Remarkable, 40. 
 Lepidosaphidai, 1301. 
 Lepiopomus pallidus. Insects from the stomach 
 
 of, 1792. 
 Leptobatus illinoiensis n. gp., 385 = ExetSistes 
 
 illinoiensis. 
 Leptostylus aculiferus, 673. 
 Leptura capitata, 200. 
 
 Leptus americanus n. sp., 1326 = Tetranyclius 
 americanus. 
 irritans n. sp., 1326 = Tetrauychus irri- 
 tans. 
 Lesser apple-leaf folder, 1311. 
 
 locust, 2363. , 
 
 migratory locust, 2232. 
 pine-borer, 2267. 
 Prionus, 2267. 
 Lestes iUtPriualis 7i. sp. ,2i. 
 Leucania albilinea, 1507, 1570, 1610. 
 
 unipuncta, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 52, 328, 
 647, 670, 879, 906, 1127, 1267, 
 1282, 1100, 1442, 1482, 1484, 
 1551, 1570, 1670, 1800, 1835, 
 1856, 1877, 1885, 1886, 1953, 
 2001, 2009, 2086, 2087, 20G0, 
 2119, 2122, 2235, 2239, 2253, 
 2262, 2267, 2343. 
 Additional notes on, 2001. 
 Complete life-history of, 1670. 
 Hibernation, 7, 8, 2086. 
 Parasites of. 6, 10, 17, 1670. 
 Leucopis, 154, 160, 174, 1530. 
 Phylloxera, 2150. 
 LibelluUd*, 1707, 1709. 
 Library pest. Croton bug as a, 1717. 
 Lice on calves, 889. 
 horses, 258. 
 pigs, 900. 
 snow-balls, 1184. 
 Lichtenstem, J. Obituary, 2370. 
 Lichtensteiu's theory as to dimorphic asexual fe- 
 males, 2072. 
 Life. Tenacity of, 1755. 
 Light. Insects attracted to, 178, 2352. 
 Lightning-hopper. Frosted, 1329. 
 
 hoppers, 737. 
 Lignified snake of Brazil, 2136. 
 Lignivorous. Rhyssa not, 2286. 
 Ligyrus relictus, 3, 54, 68, 1440. 
 
 rugiceps, 1794, 2080. 
 Lilac-borer, 8t4. 
 
 Lilac. Insects affecting. ^ 
 
 .a^geria 8yringa; = Podosesia syringae. 
 Podosesia syringiE, 844. 
 Limacodes, 847. 1150. 
 
 hyalinus n. «/>., 40 = Phobetron hyali- 
 
 num. 
 pithecium ^ Phobetron pithecium. 
 scapha, 40. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 421 
 
 Limacodos tetradact.vliis n.ftp., 40. 
 Linieuitis di.sippiis, 613, 1193, I'JIT, 1301, 1305, 1300, 
 KUO. 
 HI sula, 145, 1217, 1305, 1306, 1340. 
 Limnoria liigitiva. 413, 1311. 
 lophvri n.gp., 1570. 
 pallipes, 2378. 
 Litunupliihis, 2267. 
 Lina Ia])poDica, 1834. 
 populi, 1834. 
 scripta, 1654, 1834, 2291. 
 tremulip, 1834. 
 Linden and ash destroyers, 1849. 
 LiM>EN. Insects AFFECTING. 
 Hypbantria cunea, 1849. 
 
 textor=H. cauea. 
 Odontota rubra, 1849. 
 Linoceras juuceus, 543, 1827. 
 L'insectologie agricole, (review), 506, 568. 
 Liutner's first report, 2244, 2254. 
 Linuni. Acrididae that eat, 1645. 
 Lissiiihoptrus simplex, 273, 1911, 1973, 2119. 
 LiHtoii'ophos cingulatus, 805. 
 Lithocolletis cincinnatiella, 1879. 
 
 guttifinitella. Mandible of, 1934. 
 Liihophane antennata, 1182. 
 
 cinerea, 1301. 
 Little Cicada, 1242. 
 
 known facts about well-known animals, 2071 . 
 Turk and its crescent, 329. 
 Live-stock. Insects injurious to, 2238. 
 •Lives. Two useful, 2370. 
 Lixus. Larval habits of, 2404. 
 macer, 2404. 
 
 parens on Amelanchier, 2404. 
 Lobesia botrana = Eudemis botrana. 
 Loco weed. "Walshia amorphelia bred from, 1127, 
 
 2356. 
 Locomotion. Insect, 1955. 
 Locust, 2366. 
 
 Ashcolored, 2363. 
 
 Atlantic migratory, 1423, 1625. 
 
 borer, 921, 1121, 1196, 1288. 
 
 Hickory vs., 1516. 
 borers, 37, 472. 
 
 Brnner, L. Observations in the North- 
 west on the Rocky Moant- 
 ain, 2165. 
 California migratory, 2363. 
 Califomian, 1959. 
 Devastating, 2363. 
 Diflferential, 1423, 2363. 
 eg^B, 1548. 
 
 in Asia Minor. Bombylid larvse 
 
 destroying, 2118. 
 Condition of, 1507. 
 Experiments with, 1572. 
 Expected advent of the, 2307. 
 experience, 1617. 
 flights, 1590. 
 
 in Dakota. 2007. 
 
 east of the Mississippi, 1549, 1613. 
 Geographical distribution of the Rocky 
 
 Mountain, 2267. 
 or grasshopper. Governors of 'W'estem 
 States on the Rocky 
 Mountain, 1557. 
 
 Locust, important uh.tervatinnH un lln< liorky 
 Mountain, 1.571. 
 injuries. New method of connteracting, 
 2335. 
 
 injnry in Kansaa and Missouri this full, 
 1433. 
 the near future. Probabilities 
 of. 2355. 
 injury next spring, 1555. 
 
 summer. Anticipated, 1615. 
 Locust. I.nsect.s affec^tino. 
 
 Arhopalus robinia^ =Cyllenp robiniie. 
 
 Cossus robiniaj, 37, 1121. 
 
 Clytus robiniai = Cylleno rohiniic. 
 
 Cyllene robiniae, 37, 472, 827, 921, 1196, 1250, 
 
 1288, 1516. 
 Hispa scutellaris = Odontota dorsalis. 
 Nitidulida-, 37. 
 Odontota dorsalis, 451. 
 Spermopliagu.s robmia;, 1026, 1474. 
 Xyleutes robinia; ^ Co.ssus robinisB. 
 Locust invasion with the occurrence of drought. 
 Connection of, 1422. 
 Leaf miners of the, 451. 
 Lectare on the Rocky Mountain, 1493. 
 Lesser migratory, 2232. 2363. 
 mite, 1423, 1625, 1643, 1959, 
 in Montana in 1880, Brnner, L. Rocky 
 
 Mountain, 2267. 
 multiplication and migration, Swiuton, 
 A. H. Solar physics and earthquake 
 commotion applied to, 2267. 
 Natural history of the Rocky Mountain, 
 
 1578. 
 notes. Miscellaneous, 2267. 
 in 1876, 1521. 
 
 1880, Martin, J. Rocky Mountain, 2267. 
 1885, Bruner, L. Abundance of the 
 Rocky Mountain, 2363. 
 and other insects in the Northwest during 
 the summer of 18>*3, Bruner, L. Obser- 
 vations on the Rocky Mountain, 2277. 
 Packard, A. S. Development of the, 2267. 
 The periodical Cicada alia.-4 the Heventoen- 
 
 year and the thirteen-year, 1159. 
 pest, 1.501. 
 Philosojjhy of the movements of the 
 
 Rocky Mountain, 1669. 
 plague, 147.3. 
 
 in the United States, 1625. 
 probabilities for 1882,2057. 
 prospects, 1527, 1502, l.')82. 
 
 in siiuthwest Mis.souri this fall, 
 1590. 
 ravages in (.'alifornia, 1059. 
 
 1880 and 1881. Chronology of, 
 2267. 
 Red-legged, 2.303, 1423, 1625. 
 report to governor of Kansas, 1573. 
 Rocky Mountain, 142.1, 1451, 14.'i2, 1482, 1538. 
 
 1557, 1.'.70, 1025, 1(M:i, 1959. 2267, 2291. 
 scourge. Kocky Mnuntnin, 1629. 
 Bced-weevil. Honey, 1026. 
 Seventeen year, 370, 884, 1489. 
 swarms that devastate the trans-Missis- 
 
 sippi country, 1674. 
 theory wanted. New, 1532. 
 
422 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Locust. Two-striped, 1423, 2363. 
 weevil. Honey, 1474. 
 in Wyoming, Montana, etc., in 1881, Bru- 
 
 ner, L. The Eocky Mountain, 2267. 
 Yellow, 2363. 
 LoeustidcB, 929, 1453 
 Locusts, 926, 1349, 1363, 2418. 
 again, 1550. 
 Brimer, L. List of North American, 
 
 2267. 
 Changes in vegetation caused by, 1495. 
 in Dardanelles. Sarcophaga lineata de- 
 structive to, 2075. 
 Destruction of young or unfledged, 1577. 
 Destructive, 2363. 
 Dimorphism of, 1889. 
 Ditching for young, 1488. 
 eat the castor-bean, 1645. 
 about Folsom, Cal., Koebele, A. Notes 
 
 on, 2363. 
 as food for man, 1481. 
 Grasshoppers and, 26, 147, 929. 
 Habits of young or unfledged, 1578. 
 hatching? Are the, 1566. 
 
 Mistaken identity. Are the, 
 1593. 
 How to destroy, 1446. 
 in Illinois. Plying, 1437, 1443. 
 in Kansas, 1591. 
 Literature of destructive, 1959. 
 and locusts, 1994. 
 in Nevada, 2024. 
 
 New remedy against destructive, 2328. 
 next spring. Injury by, 1555. 
 Notes on, 1456. 
 
 1880. Chipman, A. J. Notes on, 2267. 
 Prairie fires and hateful, ■1453. 
 Professor Riley and the, 1434.. 
 of San Joaquin Valley, Cal. Coquillett, 
 
 D. -W. Report on the, 2363. 
 sting ? Do, 371. 
 in Texas in spring of 1886, Bruner, L. 
 
 Report on, 2382. 
 in the West, 2044. 
 and the Western cricket, Bruner, L. 
 
 Notes on other, 2267. 
 in western Missouri. Ravages of young, 
 1492. 
 Loew, H. Description of the rye gall-gnat, 2267. 
 Lombardy poplars. Caterpillars on, 571. 
 London purple as an insecticide, 1725. 
 and Paris green, 2021. 
 Long-horned Diabrotica, 1905. 
 legs. Grand-daddy, 838. 
 sting. Delicate, 1329. 
 tailed Ophion, 1311. 
 Longicorn beetles. Food of, 1902. 
 
 borers, 95. 
 Longicorns in pine and cedar, 319." 
 Longitarsus, 636. 
 
 Look out for the eggs of the apple-tree plant- 
 louse, 507. 
 Lopha 4-maculata-=Bembidiura 4-raaculatam. 
 Lophyrus abbotli, 465, 927, 956, 1057, 1570. 
 abietis, 115. 
 lecontei, 985, 1011, 1057, 1570. 
 
 Louisiana. Destructive cricket in, 2384. 
 Lozotaenia rosaceana === Cacoecia rosaceana. 
 Lubber grasshopper, 2119. 
 Lucanus dama, 784. 
 
 elaphus, 305, 755, 957, 1517. 
 Lucidota atra, 358. 
 
 Lucilia macellaria, 209, 1880, 1921, 2158, 2199, 2256. 
 Ludius attennatns, 224. 
 Lumbricus, 1304. 
 Luminosity of flre-flie.s, 1840. 
 Luminous larviform females of Phengodini, 2397, 
 
 2402. 
 Luna moth, 776. 
 
 silk-worm, 1311. 
 Lnngs. Larva of Scenopinus from human, 1348. 
 Lnpems brunneus, 1799. 
 morulus, 1799. 
 noxiu.s = L. brunneus. 
 Lure for moths, 1695. 
 Lyda sp., 656. 
 Lydella doryphorae n.gp., 1059 := Exorista dory- 
 
 phorae. 
 Lygus lineolaris = L. prdtensis. 
 
 pratensis. 2, 31, 76, 682, 1127, 1213, 1219, 2235, 
 2291, 2363. 
 Ljraexylidae, 575. 
 Lymexylon navale, 575, 1135. 
 Lytta senea =r Pomphoprea aenea. 
 
 atrata = Epicauta pennsylvanica. 
 cinerea = Macrobasis unicolor. 
 fabricii = Macrobasis unicolor. 
 marginata = Epicauta cinerea. 
 murina:= Macrobasis unicolor. 
 sayi = Pomphopcea sayi. 
 tarsalis = Pomphopcfea tarsalis. 
 vittata = Epicauta vittata. 
 Machine. A satisfactory grasshopper, 1592, 
 Machinery for destroying the cotton-worm, Bar- 
 nard, W. S. Tests of, 2253. 
 Killing apple- worms by, 769. 
 McLain, N. W. Apicultural experiments, 2382. 
 Experiments in apiculture, 2394. 
 Report on experiments in api- 
 culture, 2363. 
 Madura aurantiaca as food for Sericaria, 2234. 
 
 Silk-worms fed on, 1341, 1542, 
 1609. 
 McMurtrie, W. Tests of silk-fiber from cocoons 
 
 raised at the Department, 2253. 
 Macrobasis, 1600, 1643, 1651, 2238. 
 
 albida, 1796. 
 Macrobasis, Larval characters and habits, 1602. 
 murtna ;= M. unicolor. 
 •jnicolor, 38, 134, 185, 347, 362, 401, 470, 
 736, 912, 1044, 1209, 1558, 2248. 
 Macrocentrus delicatus, 1334. 
 Macrodactylus subspinosus, 249, 361, 373, 565, 748, 
 
 1075, 1278, 1329, 1357, 1375, 1478, 1583,2248. 
 Macrogomphus ? spiniceps n. sp., 24. 
 Macromia flavipennis n. sj)., 24. 
 illinoiensis n. sp., 24. 
 Macronema zebratum, 372. 
 Macrosila Carolina = Protoparce Carolina, 
 cluentiu.s 1784. 
 
 5-maculatus = Protoparce celeus. 
 rustica = Protoparce rustlca. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 423 
 
 Mad. Entomology indeed run, 227, 1224. 
 Madarus aiiipclopsido.s -= Aiupclo^ilvpter ater. 
 
 vitis n.sp., 1059 = Ainpeloplypter sesOH- 
 tris. 
 Madr.as. Coffee-borer in, 498. 
 Miieklin, F. "W." Obituary, 2161. 
 Miig<;ots in sauce, 1607. 
 Miiguolia. Lecauiuni ou, 1377. 
 
 Scale-insect on, 1377. 
 Maia moth, 1329. 
 Mails. Queen bees in tbe, 1762. 
 Maine. Xew potato-bug in, 119. 
 Maizk. Insects akfectinc.,2119. 
 Athatodea zeiB, 1927, 
 Agrotida?, 1522. 
 Elateridiie, 1522. 
 Lachnosterua fusca, 1522. 
 
 querciua =r L. fusca. 
 Malaria. Mosquitoes r«., 2162. 
 ilallodon melanopus, 2291. 
 Mallopbaga, 2,-)8, 497. 
 Mallopboraorcina, 1959. 
 ilalodorants. Repelliui: insects by, 2091. 
 Malva sylvestris. Eryaui.s alceas boring in stems 
 
 of, 1602. 
 Mamestra, 22.'58. 
 
 Cabbage, 2232. 
 chenopodi = M. trifolii. 
 picta, 179, 1056, 1127, 2232. 
 subjuncta, 2291. 
 trifolii, 229, 281, 2232. 
 Man. Effect of Paris green on, 1427. 
 Insects as food for, 2166. 
 Locusts as food for, 1481. 
 Mantidae, 2267. 
 Mantis, 2267. 
 
 Carolina = Phasmomantis Carolina. 
 Preying, 457. 
 
 or rear-horse. Eggs of, 1060. 
 Supposed eggs of preying, 1002. 
 Mantispa, 2267. 
 
 brunnea, 1243. 
 Mauti.spiau. Brown, 1243. 
 .Many banded robber, 10.')9, 1423. 
 Maple-bark lice, 1004. 
 louse, 344. 
 Beetle on sugar, 1014. 
 borer. Legged, 1363. 
 
 A new (?) a'gerian, 1360. 
 Eggs on sugar, 350 
 Maple Galls on leaves of soft, 445. 
 Maii.e. Insects akfectixc 
 A earns aceris-cruniena, 126.'). 
 Acronycta americana, 841. 
 iEgeria acerni, 743, 1063, 1360, 1363. 
 Anisotarubicnnda = Dryocampa rubicnnda. 
 Arachnid, 445. 
 Attacns cecropia, 841. 
 Catydid, 665. 
 
 Ceratocampa imperialis =r Eaclex imperialis. 
 Chry8obothri.<< femorata, 1250. 
 Clisiocampa americana. 350. 
 Clytas speciosns = Plagiouotus speciosns. 
 Coccid, 344. 
 
 Dryocampa rubicnnda. 841, 915, 1329. 
 Eacles imperialis. 1268. 
 
 MaPI.E. IX8ECT3 At TKCTINO— CoDtiniiefl. 
 Eburia4-gtmiuata, 1014. 
 
 Lecanium a<;ericola:= Pulviuaria inuumero- 
 bilis. 
 sp., 1004. 
 Orgyia anticjua, 1797. 
 Plagionotus NpeciuMus, 915. 
 Pseudococ.us accris, 1890. 
 Pulvinaria inuumcrabilii^. 151."i, 1810, 2279. 
 • Rciaraocollaii.M, 2119. 
 Telea i)olypliciuus, 841. 
 Trochilium acericoliim = vEgeria acemi. 
 aoerni = /Egeria acemi. 
 Maple. Mite-gall on sugar, 12C.'>. 
 
 Ocellale leaf-gall of the red, 2119. 
 scale. Cottony. 1816, 2291. 
 Scale insect ou, 1890. 
 tree iusect.s, 2279. 
 twigs. Rows of eggs on, 665. 
 •worm. Green striped. 1329. 
 worms, 841. 
 Maples. Cottony scale on, 1515. 
 
 Flat-headed borer in .soft, 1250. 
 Mare's nest. Finding a, 80. 
 Margined blister-beetle, 1059, 15.W. 
 Martin, J. Report on the Rocky Mountain lo- 
 cust, 1959. 
 Report on the Rocky Mountain lo- 
 cust in 1880, 2267. 
 Mary Chalcis-fly. 13U. 
 Masicera archippivora n. sp., 1301. 
 Mason-bee cells. Remarkable new genus of Me- 
 
 loid;u infesting, 1601. 
 Mass of eggs, 240. 
 
 mistakes, 234. 
 Massachusetts. Periodical Cicada in, 2321. 
 
 southeast- 
 ern. 2216. 
 Massospora cicadina infesting Cicada, 1809, 2112. 
 May-beetle, 300, 865, 1020. 
 
 Egg of thii common, 1329. 
 beetles 8 warmmg in Alabama. 1812. 
 fly. 283. 
 Meadow enemy, 1368. 
 
 lark. Rei-tlcs iu slomaoh of, 1013. 
 worms, 947. 
 Meal sack. Worm infesting, 1896. 
 
 worms, 191. 
 Mealy bugs. Structuie of, 2119. 
 Measuring-worms, 75. 
 Megastizus brt'viiieuiiis, 375. 
 Megathymus coloradcnsi.s n. var., 1C02. 
 
 yucca". 1420, 146.5. 1482, 1570, 1602. 
 Adilitional notes, 1602. 
 Xoto on, 140.'i. 
 Megatoma serra, 1352. 
 Megilla maculata, 6, 94. 188, 509. 
 
 Food habild of, 2145. 
 Melamp.salta parvula. 1242. 
 Melancholy chafer, 522. 
 
 in apples, 842. 
 Melanacte.^, 1874. 
 Melanippe montannta, 2224. 
 Melanolestes picipes, 314, 1263. 
 !Mclanopliila sp., 2207. 
 Melauoiihora .' diabroticas, 2260. 
 
424 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Melanoplna atlauis =Caloptenus atlanis. 
 
 destructor -- Caloptenus destructor, 
 devastator =r Caloptenas devastator. 
 Melanotus communis, 351, 358. 
 
 incertus, 40, 816. 
 Melasoma lappouicum = Lina lapponica. 
 populi =: Lina populi. 
 scriptum = Lina scripta. 
 tremula' = Lina tremulae. 
 Meli.ssopus 71. gr., 196U. 
 
 auricbalceana n. sp., 1969 
 latiferreana, 1969. 
 Melittia ceto, 125, 126, 248, 377, 1083. 
 
 gloriosa 2410. 
 Meloe, 1500, 1600, 2267. 
 
 anguaticollis, 1387. 
 barbarus, 1000. 
 proscarabfeus, 2083. 
 Meloida", 912, 1230, 1396, 1600, 1601, 1651, 1858, 2002, 
 2072,2118,2267. 
 Fire euro for, 121. 
 H\permetaiiiorphoses of, 2191. 
 infesting potato, 48. 
 Means against, 794. 
 Remarkable genus of, 1601. 
 Eeniarks on, 1600. 
 Triungulin of, 2082. 
 Meloini, 1601. 
 
 Melolontba pbilophaga — Lachnostema fusca. 
 Melon. Bug on, 897. 
 
 bugs. Satisfactory remedy for, 2236. 
 Diabrotica vittata on, 897, 2236, 2238. 
 Membiacida;, 737. 
 Membracis ampelopsidis, 1183. 
 Memnriam B. D. Walsh. In, 1098. 
 Meracautha contracta, 1871. 
 Merinus liEvis, 1153. 
 Merisus destructor, 1581, 2332. 
 
 snbapterus n. sp., 2332. 
 Mermis, 2363. 
 Meromyza, 1461. 
 
 americana, 727, 1058, 1059, 1506, 1589, 
 1848', 1875, 2291, 2394. 
 Mesocborns. Glassy, 1127. 
 
 vitreus n. sp., 6, 1670. 
 Mesoleius, 385. 
 Metamymar n. g., 2343. 
 
 aleurodis n. sp., 2343. 
 Metapodiua femoratus, 373, 77.'). 
 
 nasulus = M. femoratus. 
 Meteorus hyphantriaj ii. sp., 2378, 2394. 
 Methods of destroying scale-insects, 2119. 
 Mexican boney-ants. Peculiarities of, 1417. 
 Mexico. Report on cotton crop and its enemies 
 
 in, 2343. 
 Mezium americannm, 2346. 
 Michigan apples and codling-moth, 1677. 
 Microcentrum retinervis, 241, 247, 1363, 1518, 1536, 
 
 2276. 
 Microdon gobosus, 1789. 
 
 Microgaster, 77, 158, 183,490,662,679,717,851,1217, 
 1290. 
 Disippu.s, 1301. 
 gelechiiB n. sp., 1059. 
 Life-habits of, 64. 
 
 limenitidis n. sp., 1301 = Apanteles 
 limenitidis. 
 
 Microgaster, Military, 1127. 
 
 Nc/j;es on Noith American, 1960. 
 parasitic on Protoparce celeus, 155, 
 
 1264. 
 sp. parasitic on Thecla (poes?), 1872. 
 Microgasters. Notes on, 2097. 
 Microlepidoptera. Works on North American, 
 
 1975. 
 Microplitis actuosus, 1125, 1134. 
 
 ceratomiiB ?i. sp., 1125, 1134,1960. 
 gortynffi n. sp., 1960. 
 Micropterus salmoides. Larvae in stomach of, 
 
 1792. 
 Micropiis leucopterus = Bllssus leucopterus. 
 Midas fulvipes n. sp., 40. 
 Midge, 167. 
 
 Clover-seed, 2291. 
 Pear, 2363. 
 
 Wheat, 109, 110, 142, 216, 280, 292,428,711, 
 1512, 2238, 2291, 2363. 
 Migration of butterflies, 1770, 1991. 
 
 and hibernation of Aletia argillacea. 
 
 1689. 
 of plant-lice from one plant to another, 
 2017. 
 Migratory butterflies, 1622, 1635. 
 locust. Atlantic, 1423. 
 Lesser, 2232. 
 Military Microgaster, 1127. 
 Milkweed. Danais archippus on, 1535. 
 
 weevil, 711. 
 Million dollars. That hundred and fifty, 16t7. 
 
 Plums for the, 501. 
 Mills. The same in flouring 1261. 
 Milyas cinctus, 777, 1294, 1431, 1450, 1672, 2048. 
 Mimicry and protective resemblances, 1301, 1340. 
 Mind how you pack your insects, 435. 
 Minings on apple-twigs. Galls and, 552. 
 Minneapolis. Entomology at, 2212. 
 Minnesot't. A State entomologist for, 1108. 
 Minot, C. S. Anatomy of Aletia, 2343. 
 Minute borers in cherry, peach, and plum tr.es, 
 
 1940. 
 Miscellaneous, 735. 
 
 Miscellaneous notes on orange insects, 2164. 
 Misnamed gallmoth, 1127. 
 
 Mississippi country. The locust swarms that 
 devastate the trans, 
 1674. 
 Description of Aphididaj from west 
 
 of the, 1678. 
 floods. One effect of the, 2080. 
 Locust flights east of the, 1549, 
 
 1613. 
 valley. The Buffalo-gnat problem in 
 the lower, 2416. 
 Missouri. Ailanthus silk. worm in, 1460. 
 bee-killer, 1127. 
 entomological reports, 1680. 
 
 NoctuidaB in 
 the, 2069. 
 Entomology in, 1361. 
 this fall. Locust prospects in south- 
 west, 1506. 
 No locust injury in Kansas 
 and, 1433. 
 Mnrtfeldt, M. E. Notes from, 2291. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 425 
 
 Missouri. Miirtfoldt. M. E. Notes for 1886 from, 
 2382. 
 Oyster-slipU bark-louso in, 1109. 
 Kiiv.i'jfs of younj; locusts iu westeru, 
 
 1492. 
 Report State entomologist of, 1, 1059. 
 2, 1127. 
 3, 1301. 
 4,1311. 
 6, 1329. 
 6, 1363. 
 7, 1423. 
 8, 1482. 
 9, 1570. 
 Index, 
 2026. 
 State Horticultural Society. Report 
 committee on eutomology, 1113,1127. 
 Supposed bark-lice esgs in, 1084. 
 Mistaken identity, 1593. 
 Mistakes. A mass of, 234. 
 
 Mite. On an extensile penetrating organ in a 
 gamasid, 1626. 
 in fowls. Internal, 2157. 
 gall on sugar-maple, 1265. 
 Locust, 1423, 1625, 1643, 19.59. 
 parasites of the Colorado potato-beetle, 
 
 1505. 
 Phylloxera, 1363. 
 lied, 1959. 
 Scarlet, 1470. 
 Silky, 1423, 1625. 
 transformations, 1618. 
 Mites, 350. 
 
 Cannibal, 624. 
 Classification of, 1992. 
 Descriptions of new subterranean, 1370. 
 Egg-infesting, 1637. 
 on grasshoppers, 146. 
 mistaken ior plant-lice, 59. 
 parasitic on beetles, 315. 
 Transformations of the red, 1632. 
 Mniszech, O. V. Obituary, 2054. 
 Mold and Phylloxera, 1807. 
 Mole crickets, 1270. 
 Molts and length of larval life as influenced by 
 
 food. Number of, 2167. 
 Moncll, J. Notes on Aphidida;, 1678. 
 Monocesta coryli, 1721. 
 Monocrepidius vcspertinu.s, 351. 
 Monographs again, 1765, 1828. 
 Monohammus titillator, 1324. 
 Monophadnus rubi, 663, 761, 1212, 1641. 
 Monostesia rosa-, 672, 984, 1780. 
 ^lonstrosities. Rare, 2224. 
 
 Montana in 1880, Bruner, L. The Rocky Moun- 
 tain locust in, 2207. 
 1881, Bruner, L. The Rocky Moun- 
 tain locust in Wyoming and, ^267. 
 Monterey again. Butterfly-tree of, 2052. 
 More good words, 532. 
 
 universal remedies, 278. 
 Morning-glory. Coptocycla aurichalcea on, 1510. 
 Sphinx. White-lined. 630, 1198, 1301, 2291. 
 Morns as food for Seriearia, 2234. 
 Mosquitoes, 603. 
 
 vs. malaria, 2162. 
 
 Mossy rose-gall, 570, 1166. 
 Most precious bug, 575. 
 Moth i>M apiileticc. Large, 1028. 
 Bee, 716, 904, 1059, 1508, 1723. 
 breeding. Pedigree, 2381. 
 eggs. 611. 
 Handmaid, 2222. 
 issuing from a larva, 1779. 
 named, 807, 1241. 
 Viviparity of a, 2153. 
 Motherless race. Tliat fatherless and, 1650. 
 Moths attracted by falling water, 21(t8. 
 
 and butterflies' caught by the tongue, 176L 
 
 caught in Alabama, 1774. 
 
 in cushions. Ravages of, 1731. 
 
 Description.'? of two new, 1411. 
 
 Galls made by, 1127. 
 
 Lure for, 109.'). 
 
 mistaken for Aletia, 1976. 
 
 by Pliysianthus albens. Capture of, 1388, 
 
 1419, 1701. 
 Sugaring for, 1300. 
 Mottled tortoise-beetle, 1127. 
 Monltmg in Orgyia. Variable, 2379. 
 Mounding peach-trees, 587. 
 
 again, 617, 653. 
 Mountain ash. Ash and, 705. 
 Mountain ash. I.nsects affectixg. 
 ? Aphis niali, 579. 
 
 Aspidiotus harrisii = Chionaspis furfurus. 
 Chionaspis furfurus, 579. 
 Mountain ash. Plant-louse eggs on appleand, 579. 
 Mud-wasp and j)arasite8, 1827. 
 
 spider eggnest, 1847. 
 Mulberry, Seriearia mori on, 1311, 1341, 2234. 
 silk-worm, 1311. 
 
 Osage orange for the. 1220, 
 1286. 
 for the silk-worm. Osage oraof^e vi., 
 2234. 
 Mulch hay. Worni.s under, 1161. 
 Mules caused by insects. Death of, 1811. 
 Murgantia histriouica, 849, 1099, 1297, 1311, 1531, 
 
 2238, 2203, 2291. 
 Murky ground-beetle, 486. 
 Murraid us. Habits of, 2217. 
 Murniidiu.s ovalis, 2217. 
 Murtfeldt, M. E. NoUs from Missouri, 2291. 
 
 for the 8«a- 
 son of 
 1886,2382. 
 Musca, 1390. 
 
 domeslica, SI."., 864, 2071, 2078. 
 harpyia — M. domestica. 
 Muscid, 459. 
 
 from stomach of Ohio shad, 1853. 
 Muscida-. 153. 1880. 22.^.6. 
 Muscle .shajied batklnusi' on apple-trees South. 
 
 1774. 
 Museum pest. Diiioderus pusillus as a, 2104. 
 A nfew, 2109. 
 once more. 492. 
 
 Trogodemin tarsal)- a.s a, 2139. 
 ppsts, 246, 462. .572, 720. 
 again. 48.'!. 
 Mutilla coccinea— Spha-rophlhalma ocridentalis. 
 Mycetopbila persicn* n. $p., 653, 660, 963, 1056. 
 
426 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Mycetophila sp., 419. 
 
 Mychoceius, 2217. 
 
 Mygale hentzii, 4G6, 493, 521, 823, 1178. 
 
 and Pepsi.s forsiosa, 1619. 
 Myocbrous denticollis, 2418. 
 Myiiapoda, 219, 224. 
 
 Poisonous, 2399. 
 Myriapods, 1G25. 
 Myrmecocystus hortusdeorum, 1942. 
 
 mexicanus, 1417. 
 Myrmecopliila, 2202. 
 Myrmecophilous coleoptera, 2105. 
 lepidoptera, 2214. 
 species. Hymenorus rufipes as 
 a, 2226. 
 Myrmica minuta, 1413. 
 Myrmicocela ochracella, 2261. 
 Mysia 15-punctata ^ Anatis 15-punctata. 
 Mystery. Dr. Havens', 1943, 
 
 in reference to Pronuba yuccasella, 
 1933. 
 Mytilaspis, 1. 
 
 concbiformis = M. pomorum. 
 pomieorticis n. sp., 1329 = M. pomo- 
 rum. 
 pomorum, 188, 201, 345, 372, 373, 377,423, 
 565, 896, 944, 951, 973, 982, 989, 994, 
 1007, 1(108, 1012, 1040, 1056, 1059, 1084, 
 11C9, 124ti, 1029, 1302, 1397, 1552, 1583, 
 1774, 2088. 2238. 
 M.v ZU9 cerasi, G78, 900, 1067, 1207, 1251. 
 
 ribis, 304, 322, 735, 970. 
 Nail.<< into fruit-trees. Driving, 87. 
 Nanodes tamarisci, 1496. 
 Kantucket. Pine-molb of, 2183. 
 Xapbtbaline cones, 2133. 
 
 for insect collections, 2073. 
 as an insecticide. Use of, 2274. 
 Napping. An entomologist caugbt, 1100. 
 Narrow-winged katydid, 1363. 
 National Museum. Tbe collection of insects in, 
 2299, 2390. 
 Keports on tbe department 
 of insects in tbe, 2282, 2330, 
 2368. 
 Native American insects. Imported and, 1115, 
 1127. 
 apple-tree bark-lice, 1152. 
 bark-lice on apple-trees, 1061. 
 currant-worm, 1570, 2238. 
 grape-vines. Cause of deterioration in 
 
 some of our, 1342. 
 bome. Colorado potato-beetles, 1462. 
 plums. "Wier, D. B., 2388. 
 Natnraliste Canadien. Le (review), 546. 
 Naturalists. Entomological speculations of tbe 
 
 New England school of, 44. 
 Neal, J. C. Observations and experiments, 
 
 2164. 
 Nebraska bee-killer, 1127, 1311. 
 
 Bruner, L. Notes from, 2291. 
 
 Report of tbe season's ob- 
 servations in, 2418. 
 insects, Bruner, L. Keport on, 2382. 
 Necrobia ruflcollis, 1363. 
 
 rufipes, 1363, 1367, 1703. 
 
 Necrological, 1817. 
 
 Necrophorus marginatus, 315, 84.5. 
 
 Nectaropbora granaria, 126, 1806, 2394. 
 
 rudbeckiae, 27, 2205. 
 Needle. Devil's darning, 1709. 
 Negro bug. Flea-like, 1127, 1423, 2291, 2418. 
 Nematus ericbsoni, 2198, 2232, 2355. 
 fur n. gp., 197. 
 hospes n. sp., 197. 
 inquilinus Ji. «^., 197. 
 integer, 2232. 
 mendicus n.sp., 197, 821. 
 ribesli, 78, 140, 228, 333, 340,364,380,381, 
 
 756, 772, 1031, 1224, 1570, 1696, 2238. 
 ribis ^ N. ribesii. 
 s.-desmodioides n. sp., 197. 
 s.-pisum n. sp., 197. 
 s.-pomum «. sp., 197. 
 Spru je, 2232. 
 
 ventralis, 907, 917, 924, 1211. 
 ventricosus ^ N. ribesii. 
 Nemestrinidse, 2186. 
 Nemobius vittatus, 1287. 
 Nemoraaleucania;, 6, 12, 647, 1112, 1127, 1670. 
 Neoclytus capraea, 560,582, 1849. 
 erytbrocepbalus, 1798. 
 Nepbelodes violans, 1885, 1990. 
 Nepbila plumipes, 830. 
 
 Peculiarities of, 1416. 
 Nepidae, 797. 
 
 Nerium oleander. Moths caugbt by, 1419, 1761. 
 Nervous system of articulates. Tersin. Function 
 of tbe, 1959. 
 insects, 2225. 
 Phylloxera, 1687. 
 Neuroptera, 1329, 1736, 2267. 
 
 North American, 24, 39. 
 Neuroterus q.-saltatorius, 1496, 2163, 2173. 
 Nevada. Locust in, 2024. 
 New Curculio humbug, 680. 
 
 New England and New York. Packard, A. S. 
 Causes of destruction of ever- 
 green and forest trees in, 2232, 
 2291, 2363, 2364, 2382. 
 school of naturalists. Entomolog- 
 ical speculations of the, 44. 
 entomological journal, 2056. 
 Hampshire. Colorado potato-beetle in, 1859. 
 humbug, 122. 
 
 Mexico. Blister beetles from, 1796. 
 pbilosopbj-. Old and, 392. 
 York. Chinch-bug in, 2237, 2252, 2271. 
 Colorado potato-beetle in, 1379. 
 and Eastern States. Supposed army- 
 worm in, 1990. 
 Entomology in, 2244, 2254. 
 Packard, A. S. Causes of destruction 
 of evergreen and forest t rees in New 
 England and, 2232, 2291, 2363, 2364,- 
 2382. 
 State entomologist for, 1863. 
 weevil, 306, 652, 659, 1301. 
 
 in apple trees, 1085. 
 without a State entomologist, 1330. 
 News. Recent cotton-worm articles in tbe, 1719. 
 Nicotiana tabacum. Flea-beetle eating, 1782. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 427 
 
 Nipht. How the Cnrcnlio fliea by, 706. 
 
 Ninth report State entomoloRist of MiaHoiiri, 
 
 1570. 
 Niptvis hololenrus, 2154. 
 Xitidiila Tjipustulata, 214. 
 Nitidulida\.37,214. 
 
 Xoctuid. A unique and beautiful, 2189. 
 NoctuidiP, 455, 787, 141D, 1761. 
 
 of the Missouri reports, 2069. 
 
 Xorth America. Notice of Grote's 
 iliustratcd esaay on the, 2148. 
 Parasites of, 349. 
 taken at Orono, Me., 2160. 
 NoIh sorsrhiella n. gp., 2119. 
 Nomenclature. Scientific, 303, 768. 
 None 8o blind as those who shut their eyes, 
 
 275. 
 Nonsense abont the Phylloxera, 1457. 
 North America. Dilar in, 2023. 
 
 Earl}- references to tlio Iles- 
 
 sian-fly in, 2267. 
 Notes on Psyllidie of, 2272. 
 Packard, A. S. Zoo-geograph- 
 ical map of, 2267. 
 American Anthomyid;e, 1966. 
 
 Coleoptera. Classification of, 
 
 2085. 
 Hymenoptera. Descriptions of, 
 
 385. 
 Lepidoptera. New lists of, 2132. 
 Microgasters. Notes on, 1960. 
 microlepidoptera. Works on, 
 1975. 
 Entomological ignorance in the, 431. 
 Northern army-worm, 1835. 
 brenthian, 1363. 
 
 Illinois. Six worst enemies of fruit- 
 growers in, 377. 
 lady-bird and its larv.T, 1289. 
 Northwest in 1883. Bruner, L. Kocky Mountain 
 locust in the, 2277. 
 on the Rocky Mountain locust. Bru- 
 ner, L. Report of observations in 
 the, 2165. 
 Note, 184, 954. 
 
 Notes. Entomological, 2, in96, 1554, 1609, 1610, 
 1681, 1958, 2015, 20.58, 2066. 2135. 2147, 2168, 
 2184, 2192, 2219, 2228, 2247, 2261. 
 by B. D. Walsh, 174. 
 Niithms ovivorus, 1357. 
 Notices, 196. 
 Notodonta concinna = (Edema.sia concinna. 
 
 uni<-onii8 — Cii-lodasys unicornis. 
 Nottiglossa undata -■ Onconietopia undata. 
 Noxious insects increa.'te u))i>n us. Why, 766. 
 named, 454. 
 Poisoning, 20.5. 
 Popular remedies for, 73. 
 Nozzle. Cyclone, 2327. 
 Nuisance. Caterpillar, 1995. 
 made useful. 983. 
 Number of entomologists in Europe, 186.5. 
 
 molts and Icngtli of larval life as in- 
 fluenced by rno<l,2167. 
 segments in the liead of wingeil in- 
 sects. Packard, AS. 2267. 
 
 Nursery. Iloles aronnd tin* ri»it« of young ash 
 
 tri'i's in the, 471 
 Nuts. Gall, 1.560. 
 Nymphalida-, 1301. 
 
 Pupation of, 1704. 
 Nysius angustatn.^, 1329, 13.57, 1402, 14.5.3, 2048, 2291. 
 destnK'tor n.tp., 1329— N. ungiLstatiiM. 
 n. sp., 1317. 
 Oak ai)ple, 1448. 
 
 bark louse, 159. 
 
 borer, 2267. 
 
 Clytus, 2267. 
 
 eoccid mistiiken for a gall, 1972. 
 
 fig gall, 745. 
 
 gaU,212, 1925. 
 
 on acorn cups. A new, 1606. 
 Houey-prtHlucing, 1942. 
 Leafy, 774. 
 Oak. Insects akfectixo. 
 
 Amphibolips (j.-inanis, 1448. 
 q.prunus, 1606. 
 (j.-spongifica, 1448. 
 Andricus q.-californicus, 19C7. 
 q.-puuctatiis, 1822. 
 seminator, 739, 1037. 
 Balaninus rectus, 1311. 
 Biorhiza forticornis, 745. 
 Cecidomyia q.-pillulio, 799. 
 
 q. -symmetrica, 799. 
 Cecidomyid.x', 799. 
 Cerambycid. 2267. 
 Ceroptres ficus, 745. 
 Coccus, 159. 
 Cossus robiiiia", 1003. 
 Cynipid, 212. 
 CynipidiC, 41, 799. 
 Cynips fecuudatrix, 1606. 
 
 forticornis ^^Biorhiza forticornis. 
 
 galliftinctoria\ 1500. 
 
 (l.-californicas — ^ndricus q.-c.alifor- 
 
 nii'us. 
 q. d.culua, 1925. 
 q.frouilosa, 774, 1006. 
 q. glandulus. IfiOG. 
 q.inauis - Amphibolips q.inanis. 
 q. mellaria, 1942. 
 
 q.pruuus r^ Amphibolips q.-pmnns. 
 q. -punctata r= Andricus (|.-punclat us. 
 q.-spongifica= Araphibolipsq.-apongi- 
 
 fica. 
 seminator =Andricns seminator. 
 sp., 799. 
 
 terminalis, 1448. 
 Edema all>ifions, 422. 
 Elapliidion parallelum = E. villoHuni. 
 pntator — E. villosuni. 
 villosum, 288, 793, 2267. 
 Euolemsis hassetelhi, 1972. 
 (Jails, 1269. 
 
 Holooera ghmduella, 1310, 1311. 
 Ithycerus novi'bonicensis, 10.33. 
 Kernies galliformis, 1972. 
 Lachnosterna fu.'^-.o, 1812. 
 
 pilosicollis = L. tristiB. 
 qnercina = L. fnsca. 
 tristis, 966. 
 
428 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Oak. Insects affecting— Continued. 
 Lithocolletis cincinnatiella, 1879. 
 Mallodon melanopus, 2291. 
 Myrmecocystus hortus-doonmi, 1942. 
 11} tilaapis pomicorticis =M. poniorum. 
 
 poinornm, 973. 
 Ozognathus comntus, 1967. 
 Phylloxera lichtensteini, 1421. 
 Tenthredinid, 108. 
 Xylotrechus colonns, 2267. 
 Oak. Insects stripping the bur, 966. 
 leaf gall, 799. 
 
 Leaf-miners on ■white, 1879. 
 Phylloxera, 1363. 
 pruner, 793. 
 and rose galls, 1037. 
 tree borer, 1003. 
 
 caterpillars, 422. 
 twigs. Cynipid galls on, 1822. 
 
 "Woolly galls on white, 739. 
 Oats. Insects affecting. 
 
 Aphis avensB ^Neotarophora granaria. 
 Nectarophora granaria, 1806. 
 Silvanus snrinainensis, 12'9. 
 Oats and rye. Beetles working in wheat, 1259. 
 Oberea bimatulata, 302, 783, 1363. 
 
 perspicillata i=0. bimaculata. 
 Bp., 1059. 
 
 ? boring in apple twigs, 1850. 
 Iripunctata, 1503. 
 Obituary. Bazille, L., 2370. 
 
 Belfrage, G. W., 2161. 
 Chambers, V. T., 2218. 
 ClemeES, B.,223. 
 Glover, T., 2218, 2258. 
 Lichtenstein, J., 2370. 
 Maeklin, F. W., 2161. 
 Mniszech, G. V., 2054. 
 Putnam, J. D., 2054. 
 Oblong winged katydid, 1329, 1363. 
 
 Eggs of the, 569,1157. 
 Ocellate leaf gall of the red-maple, 2119. 
 Odonata. Venation of, 39. 
 Odontota, 2267. 
 
 dorsalis, 451. 
 rubra, 1849, 1876. 
 Supposed eggs of, 1876. 
 Odor in butterflies, 2025. 
 Odynerus, 770, 1827. 
 
 birenimaculatns, 1827. 
 flavipes, 770, 1827. 
 CEcanthus, 2267. 
 
 latipennis n. gp., 2026, 2276. 
 niveus, 143, 251, 286, 414, 554, 723, 953, 
 961, 999, 1006, 1059, 1122, 1323, 
 1329, 1333, 1503, 1691, 2195, 
 2238, 2276. 
 Habits of, 207. 
 (Ecodoma fervens = Atta fervens. 
 CEdemasia conciuna 61, 413, 454, 779, 788, 922, 
 
 1545. 
 CEdipoda atrox, 1959. 
 
 Carolina = Dissosteira Carolina, 
 cruciata, 2075. 
 obliterata, 1959. 
 pellucida, 1959. 
 
 CEdipodini, 1959. 
 
 OSnothera gi'andiflora. Moths caught by, 1419, 
 
 1761. 
 CEstridffi, 114. 153, 290, 2256. 
 CEstrus hominis = Dermatobia bominis. 
 
 ovis, 450, 887, 914, 1057, 1059, 1357, 1563, 
 2238. 
 CEta compta ;= (E. punctella. 
 
 punctella. 1059, 1343. 
 Ohio insects. Alwood, W. B. Report on, 2382. 
 Oil-beetles, 1053, 1643. 
 Old-fashioned potato bugs, 185. 
 and new philosophy, 392. 
 question of species, 2201. 
 Oleander. Chilocorus bivulnerua on, 730. 
 Coccid on, 218. 
 Insects on, 730. 
 Olfersia americana, 2297- 
 Omaha. Conference of western governors at, 
 
 1557. 
 Oncideres amputator, 1556. 
 
 cingulata, 442, 443, 476, 489,746, 848, 1556, 
 
 1938. 
 putator, 1556. 
 Oncometopia undata, 36, 79, 164, 399, 1013. 
 One day's journal of a state entomologist, 383. 
 effect of the Mississippi floods, 2080. 
 half the vine area of France affected by Phyl- 
 loxera, 2020. 
 Onion-fly, 225. 
 
 Onion. Insects affecting. 
 Anthoniyia ceparum, 225. 
 Cambala annulata, 236. 
 lulus multistriatus = Cambala annulata. 
 Ortalis flexa = Tritoxa flexa. 
 Tritoxa flexa, 225. 
 Onion-maggot. Means against the, 12. 
 
 pest. Chester, 2319. 
 Ontario. Index to the entomological reports of 
 
 the province of, 2228. 
 Onward march of the Colorado potato-beetle, 
 
 1218. 
 Ophiogomphus mainensis n. up., 39. 
 Ophlon. Long-tailed, 1311. 
 
 macrurum, 1112, 1802. 
 purgatum, 1442, 1670. 
 Purged, 1127. 
 Opsiccetus personatus, 497. 
 Orange. Bark-louse on osage, 389. 
 
 in Brazil. Branner, J. C, insects injuri- 
 ous to the, 2277. 
 California. Scale-insects of the, 2389. 
 Experiments upon scale-insects affect- 
 ing, 2164. 
 in Florida. Voyle, J., the effects of cold 
 
 on the scale-insects of the, 2277. 
 Hubbard, H. G. Eust of the, 2291. 
 Orange. Insects affecting. 
 Coccid, 218. 
 Mite, 2291. 
 
 Phytopus oleivoms, 2308. 
 Orange insects. Californian, 2373. 
 
 and cotton-worm, 2067. 
 Kerosene as a means against, 
 
 2164. 
 Miscellaneous notes on, 2164. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 L'9 
 
 Orjin^je iii80ct«. Successful iiiiinageineut of the 
 most tlesf ruftivo, 20H8. 
 for the mulherry silk-wurni. Usage, 1220, 
 
 1286. 
 Kust of the, 2308. 
 Sciileinsects of the, 2119. 
 aeed. Worma iu osajic, .'iJ)". 
 Silk-worms fed with osaf;o, 1341, 1542. 
 Successful inanugouieiit of insects most 
 
 destructive to the, 2088. 
 trees. Insects found about, 1798. 
 Orchard jjiving out. An, 578. 
 Injured, 1594. 
 
 Scolytus. Imported, 2233. 
 Iloughton's insects iu the, 188. 
 Orchelimuni, 118, 801. 
 
 glaberrimuuj, 1329. 
 gracile, 447. 
 Oregon. Apple-plant lice in, 1899. 
 Organisms. Interaction of, 139, 1954. 
 Orgy la, 872. 
 
 antiqua, 1797. 
 Glands in, 2412. 
 
 leucostigma, C5, 480, 535, 600, 762, 1000, 1059, 
 1151, 1227, 1352, 2198, 2238, 2378, 2379, 2380. 
 moth issuing from a, larva, 1779. 
 Variable moulting in, 2380. 
 Oril atida;, 1363. 
 
 Original habitat of Icerya purchasi, 2415. 
 Orocharis saltator, 513, 1287, 1323, 1329, 2276. 
 Ortalis flexa = Triloxa llexa. 
 Orthocentrus pusillus, 38.5. 
 
 stigmaticus n. sp., 385. 
 trifaseiatus n. sp., 385. 
 Orthoptera, 1329,2267,2276. 
 Orthoptera, Packard, A. S, systematic position of 
 
 the, 2267. 
 Orthopterous insects. Packard, A. S., embryo- 
 logical developmftnt of, 
 22C7. 
 Orthosoma bmnneum, 95, 397, 2267. 
 Cylindrical, 1059. 
 cylindricura =: O.brunneum. 
 unicolor = O. brunneum. 
 Osage orange. Bark-louse in. 389. 
 Osage oranoe. Insects affecting. 
 Dipteron, 597. 
 
 Lecanium acericola = Pulvinaria innumer- 
 abilis. 
 luaclura} ^= Pulvinaria innumer- 
 abllis. 
 Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 389. 
 Sericaria mori, 1341, 1542, 1609, 2234. 
 Sphinx hageni, 2119. 
 Osage orange for the mulberry silk-worm, 1220, 
 1286. 
 seed. Worms in, .597. 
 Silk-worms fed with, 1341, 1542. 
 Sphinx, 2119. 
 
 vg. mulberry for the silk- worm, 2234. 
 Osborn, H., report of experiments at Ames, Iowa, 
 2344. 
 upon the insects of the season 
 in Iowa, 241»<. 
 Oscinis, 2394. 
 
 braftsica; n. »p., 2291. 
 
 Oscinis. Cabbage, 2291. 
 
 Other insiHts alfectnig cheese, 1703. 
 
 Otiorh.\nchulio injurious to cultivated plaiitn. 
 
 2117. 
 Otiorhynchus piclpes, 1788. 
 Our bugs, 2374. 
 
 table. On, 395, 408, .506, 546, 568, 623, 827, 1110. 
 Out of evil coirielh good, 618. 
 Outbreaks of army-worms. Recent, 2262. 
 Overcrowded, 654. 
 Overflow bugs in California, 2099. 
 Ovipoaition in Carabidif. Mode of 2311. 
 Prodoxus drii])ien8. 2049. 
 round-headed apple-tree borer, 2266. 
 Saperda bivituta, 1621. 
 Tortricid:a, 1922. 
 tlie Yucca moth, 1354. 
 Owlet moth. Spider- wort, 1301. 
 Owls' pellets, 601. 
 Ox insects, 290. . 
 Oxalis. Aleurodes on, 1791. 
 Ox-eye daisy as an insecticide, 1861. 
 Oxyopes viridans, 2343. 
 Oxyptilus periscelidactylus, 1059, 1175, 1.301 
 Oyster-shell bark-louse, 373, 1059, 1127. 
 
 of the apple, 1329, 2238. 
 iu Missouri, 1169 
 Ozognatlius cornutus, 1967. 
 Pachylobius picivorus. 845. 
 Pachypsylla n. ij., 2208, 2272. 
 
 c. -gemma n. sp., 2272. 
 c. -mamma n. sp., 2208, 2272. 
 venusta, 2208, 2272. 
 Pachytylus migratorius, 1959, 2044. 
 Pacific coast. Entomologist for the, 2022. 
 
 AVheatstalk worm on the, 2123. 
 Pack j'our insects. Mind liow you, 435. 
 Packard, A. S. Additions to the third report on 
 the causes of the destruction 
 of the evergreen and other 
 forest trees in northern New 
 England, 2364. 
 Causes of destruction of ever- 
 green forests in New Euglacd 
 and New York, 2232. 
 De.scriptions of larv:i< of injarious 
 
 forest insects, 2267. 
 Development of the bark-borini; 
 beetles Ilylurgops and Xyle- 
 borus, 2267. 
 Embryological development of 
 
 ('alopt<>nus atlanis, 2267. 
 Embryological development of 
 
 Caloptoiius sprotuH, 2267. 
 Embryological development of 
 
 the locust, 2267. 
 Embryological development of 
 
 ortliopterous insects, 2267. 
 Fourth report on insects injuring 
 
 forest and shade trees, 2382. 
 The IleHHian-fly. 2267. 
 Narrative of the tlr.st foumey io 
 1877, 1643. 
 a Hfcond journey id 
 1877. 1643. 
 Notes on forest-tre« insects, 2253. 
 
430 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Packard, A. S. Notes of a journey to Utah and 
 Idaho in 1878, 1959. 
 Number of segments in the head 
 
 of winged insects, 2267. 
 Second report on the causes of 
 the de.s traction of the ever- 
 green and other forest trees in 
 northern New England and 
 New York, 2291. 
 Systematic position of the Or- 
 thoptera in relation to the other 
 orders of insects, 2267. 
 Third report on the causes of the 
 destruction of the evergreen 
 and other forest trees in north- 
 ern New England, 2363. 
 Packard's Guide to the study of insects (Review), 
 
 395, 479, 827. 
 Pajdisca celtisana »(,. sp., 1968. 
 
 giganteana n. sp., 1968. . 
 
 obfuscata. Girdling habits of, 2405. 
 
 scudderiana, 2356. 
 
 Notes on, 2213. 
 Painted borer, 89. 
 
 lady-bird, 1329. 
 Pale thighed tortoise beetle, 1127. 
 Paleacrita n. g., 1438. 
 
 vernata, 75, 86, 172, 173, 377, 1021, 1066, 
 1127, 1357, 1363, 1423, 1438, 1482, 1539, 
 1604, 1847, 2012, 2149, 2238, 2267. 
 Palingenia bilineata ^ Hexagenia bilineata. 
 flavescens n. sp., 24. 
 pulchella n. sp., 24. 
 terminata 7i. sp., 24. 
 vittigera n. sp., 24. 
 Paniphila ethlius, 1897. 
 Paniscus geminatus, 1059. 
 Pangus caliginosus =: Harpalus caliginosus. 
 Panorpa, 2267. 
 Panorpidaj, 2267. 
 Paper-uifikers, 505. 
 
 Paphia glycAium, 1117, 1127, 1329, 1704, 1711. 
 Papilio, 1352. 
 
 asterias, 453, 804, 863, 1272, 1276, 1512. 
 cresphontes, 1237, 1300, 1914. 
 glaucus, 28, 1048. 
 marcellus, 666. 
 
 philenor, 1127, 1321, 1774, 1957. 
 thoas = P. cresjihontes. 
 troilus, 469, 857. 
 turnus, 28, 361, 1048. 
 Parandra brunnea, 1733, 1876. 
 Paraphia. Fir, 2363. 
 Pai arhyssa ■»,. g. , 385 = Khyssa. 
 Parasa chloris, 1233. 
 Parasite of cabbage-worm, 2231. 
 canker-worm, 717. 
 
 the imported cabbage-womi. Intro- 
 duction of a, 2291. 
 Imported currant-worm fly and its, 380, 
 
 381. 
 Mud-wasp and, 1827. 
 Phora not a, 1923. 
 on Prodoxus decipiens, 1831. 
 or a scavenger? Is Cyrtoneara a, 2102. 
 Sheep, 2043. 
 
 Parasites, 66. 
 
 on bees, 1500. 
 
 bred from cotton-worm, 1722. 
 of Colorado potato-beetle. Mite, 1505. 
 cotton- worm, 1712. 
 cut-worms, 349. 
 Efficacy of Chalcid egg, 2115. 
 on eggs of Caloptenus spretus, 161 
 fowls, 1308. 
 
 the hateful grasshopper, 728. 
 Hessian-fly, 2332. 
 Hog-caterpillars of the vine infested 
 
 ■with, 1247. 
 of the human animal, 728. 
 Importing European, 208. 
 on its larva. The Abbot Sphinx, 1277. 
 of the larvaof Lachnosterna fusca, 2301. 
 Leucania unipuncta, 6, 10, 17, 1670. 
 of the plum Curculio, 1751, 1795. 
 Synonyms of, 1932. 
 Parasitic cocoons, 158, 1125, 1134. 
 
 Not eggs but, 1290. 
 coleoptera, 2353. 
 diptera, 2076. 
 flies, 310. 
 
 fungus. Remarkable, 1313. 
 Parasitized tomato- worm, 155. 
 Paria aterrima, 1887, 1904, 2229. 
 Paris green absorbed ? Is, 1487. 
 
 for cotton- worms. How to use, 1544. 
 
 the curculio, 1258. 
 
 its effects on plants, soil, and man, 
 
 1427. 
 as an insect destroyer, 1447. 
 
 insecticide. Use of, 1497. 
 Paris green, London purple and, 2021. 
 
 purple, 2021. 
 Parorgyia. Glands in, 5412. 
 
 Synonyms and food-plants, 2412. 
 Parsnip caterpillars, 453, 804. 
 Parsnip. Insect affecting. 
 
 Papilio asterias, 453, 804, 863, 1273. 
 Parsnip worm, 863. 
 
 Parthenogenesis of the Hessian-flj'. Probable, 
 1787. 
 in insects Occurrence of, 1029. 
 of Mytilaspis pomicorticis, 1056. 
 Passalus cornutus, 1311, 1329, 1636. 
 Horned, 1311. 
 
 Egg of, 1329. 
 Passer domesticus as an insect destroyer, 1667. 
 Pka. Insects affectinc. 
 
 Bruchus pisi, 434, 1120, 1301, 1916. 2238. 
 Cerotoma caminea, 2418. 
 Gryllussp.,2383. 
 Pea and its insect foes, 14. 
 
 weevil. 1301, 2238. 
 Peach borer, 1017, 1059. 
 
 Plat-headed, 2267. 
 borers, 871, 1366. 
 
 Apple and, 1475, 1513. 
 Means against, 121. 
 Peach. Insects affecting, 514. 
 
 .Sgeria exitiosa = Sanuiua exitiosa. 
 Asilus sp., 660.., 
 CaUimorpha lecontei, 1301- 
 
INDEX. 
 
 431 
 
 Peach. Lvskcts AFFEcrnJG— Continued. 
 Carpocapsa pomonella, 1334. 
 Cetoiiia inda == Euphoria inda. 
 Dicorca divaricata, 871, 2L*67. 
 Epbestia interpunctflla, 325. 
 
 zesB = E. interpunctella. 
 Eriocampa cera-si, 1253. 
 Euphoria inda, 447. 
 Gortyna nitela, C32, 1210. 
 Helops ffireua, 751. 
 
 pullus = H. acreus. 
 Larva, 601. 
 
 Lfpidopteron, 697, 1210. 
 Lithdphane antenuat.i, 1182. 
 Mycetophila persiciu, 6j3, 660. 
 
 sp., 419. 
 CEcanthns niveas, 554. 
 PhliEotribus liminaris, 2047. 
 Sauniua exitiosa, 587, 617, 871, 1017, 1059, 1070, 
 
 1475, 1513, 2238. 
 Scoljtus rugnlosus, 1940. 
 Selandria ceraai = Eriocampa cerasi. 
 Thvridopteryx ephemera»forinis, 1189. 
 Xyliiia cinerea ^= Lithopliaue antennata. 
 Peach. Large green worm in a, 661. 
 tree bark borer, 2047. 
 borer, 1070, 2238. 
 borers, 871. 
 trees again. Mounding, 617, 653. 
 Beetle around, 751. 
 Inaects around, C60. 
 Minute borers in, 1940. 
 Mounding, 587. 
 Sulphur cure for, 176. 
 Supposed cause of yellows in, 515. 
 twig borer, 632, 697. 
 twigs. Eggs in, 554. 
 worm, 325. 
 
 Blue spangled, 1301. 
 boring into, 1182. 
 Pear. Apple-bark lice on, 973. 
 
 Banded Ips in calyx of, 1239. 
 Bark-lice on the, 982. 
 and cherry trees. Slug on, 1222. 
 Diplosis, 2363. 
 Pear. Insects affecting. 
 Auaraeti.'* grisea, 2117. 
 Anthououius quadrigibbus, 1358. 
 Aragiiouius grisens, 2428. 
 Adpidiotus harrisii =Chionaspi8 fnrfuruB. 
 Capsus oblineatus = Lygus pratensis. 
 Carabid, 692. 
 
 Carpocapsa pomonella, 1334. 
 Cerambycid, 288. 
 Chiouaspi.s furlurus, 372. 
 ('hloroneuramalefica:=Empoa8caviride8ceD8. 
 
 maligna :=Empoasca obtusa. 
 Clisiocampa americana, 363. 
 Couoirachelus crata-gi, 1358. 
 
 nenuphar, 1358. 
 Corimelaena pulicaria, 741. 
 Diplosis nigra = D. pyrivora. 
 
 pyrivora, 2363, 2392. 
 Dolerns unicolor, 1989. 
 Empoasca obtusa, 22. 
 
 viridescens, 22. 
 
 Peas. Iksects apfkctixg— Continued. 
 
 Eriocampa cerasi, 1031, 1382. 
 Euphiiriii nx-laiicliolira. 372. 
 Euryomia mrlaucholica ^: Euphoria mel.-ui- 
 
 cholica. 
 Ips fasciatns, 1239. 
 Lygus pratensis, 2, 3L 
 Mylilaspis pomicorticis — M. ponioruin. 
 
 pomorum, 973, 982. 
 Notodonta couciuiia i- ("Edumasia concinna. 
 QCdemasia couciuna, 779. 
 Oncidere.t ciugulata, >'ix. 
 Platyccrua ijiiercus. 1162. 
 Polycaim confirtus, 2103. 
 Prionus laticollis, 361. 
 Rhopalus sp., 372. 
 Scolytus rugulosns, 2233. 
 Selandria cerasi — Eriocampa cerasi. 
 Tremex columbn, 928. 
 TyphlodroniuM pyri, 1739, 1759. 
 Pear leaf blister, 1739. 
 midge, 2363. 
 root-borer. 561. 
 
 shoots. Bug gathering on, 741. 
 slug. Blood-sucker and, 1253. 
 
 Currant worm and, 103L 
 tree borer. Elm and, 928. 
 insect. A new, 1162. 
 insects, 277. 
 Rows of eggs in, 577. 
 slug, 1382. 
 worms, 779. 
 twigs. Girdled, 848. 
 Two new foes of the apple and, 22. 
 Pearl wood nymph, 1127. 13ul, 1363. 
 Pears. Curculios on, 1358. 
 Peas. Buggy, 1916. 
 
 from bugs. To keep seed, 434. 
 Pecan trees girdled by Onciderus cingulata. 
 
 Young, 489. 
 Pediculina, 258, 497. 
 Pediculus capitis, 497. 
 
 cervicalis = P. capitis. 
 huiiianu.4 = P. vestiraeutL 
 pubis - Pthirius pubis, 
 vestiiiifuti, 497. 
 Pedigree moth breeding, 2381. 
 Pelargonium. Gall lui, 1764. 
 
 Pelidnota punctata, 40, 113, 129, 354, ,S."iH, 725 ,1221, 
 1301. 
 Spotted, 1301. 
 Pelopauscemcntarius, 543, 1371. 
 
 Habits of Poli.stfs and. 1371. 
 lunatus -: I', ci-iiieritariut. 
 Pempelia hauiinondi u. tp., 810, 1311, 1322. 
 
 lignosellii, 2119. 
 Pemphigin;e. Biological not«<8 on frail-making, 
 
 1653, 1678. 
 Pempbigini, 2017. 
 Pemphigus acerifolii n.»p., 1678. 
 formic.iriuM n. ip, 27. 
 fonuicetorum n. ip.. 27. 
 fraxiuifolii n. *p., I67t<, 2361. 
 Imbricalor. 4t9, n9C, 2361. 
 populicaulis. 446, 713. 
 populi-munilis n.*p., 1678. 
 
432 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pemphigus popnli-ramulorum n. gp., 1678. 
 populi-transversus n. gp.. 1678. 
 pyri = Schizoneura lanigera. 
 rhois, 518. 
 tessellata, 1948. 
 ultnifu.sus n. sp., 518. 
 vagabundu.s, 446, 518. 
 vitifoli» = Phylloxera vastatrix. 
 Penetrating organ in a gamasid mite. On an ex- 
 tensile, 1626. 
 Pennsylvania ground beetle, 1059. 
 soldier beetle, 1059. 
 Pentagenia n. g.. 39. 
 
 qnadripunctata »i. «p.,39. * 
 
 Pentarthron n.g. (Seep. 379) = Trichogramma. 
 Penthina fullerea n.gp. (Seep. 378) = P. hebe- 
 sana. 
 vltivorana =- Eudemis botrana. 
 Pepsia formosa, 466, 521, 543, 823. 
 
 Mygale bentzii and, 1619. 
 Periclistus sylvestris, 1131. 
 Perilitus indagator. 1311. 
 Perimegatfima variegatum, 2109. 
 Periodical Cicada, 474, 527, 619, 1059, 1311, 1489, 1624, 
 1836, 2014, 2312, 2314, 2315, 2363. 
 alias the seventeen-year locust, 
 
 1971, 1979. 
 alias the seventeen-year and 
 
 thirteen-year locust, 1159. 
 Belated individuals of the, 648. 
 in Massachusetts, 2321. 
 Notes on the, 2318. 
 Our first brood established, 707. 
 Premature appearance of the, 
 
 2320, 2326. 
 in savin t^' igs. Eggs of the, 698. 
 Song notes of th?, 2334. 
 Periodical Cicada in southeastern Indiana. But- 
 ler, A. W., 2364. 
 Massachusetts, 
 2216. 
 Twigs punctured by, 1055. 
 or seventeen-year Cicada, 2312, 2314. 
 Perla decipiens n. sp., 24. 
 dorsata, 903. 
 elongata n. sp., 24. 
 flavescens n. sp., 24. 
 fumipennis n. sp., 24 =; Chloroperla fumi- 
 
 pennis. 
 producta n. sp., 24. 
 varians 7i. sp., 24. 
 Perlidas, 2267. 
 Perny silk- worm, 1311. 
 Persian insect powder, 1485. 
 Persimmon. Insects affecting. 
 
 Ceratocampa regalia = Citheronia regalis. 
 Citheronia regalis, 1275. 
 Pesta. Carpet, 1663. 
 
 Drug-store, 510. 
 Museum, 246, 462, 572. 
 Potato, 1554. 
 of the strawberry, 2324. 
 
 "West. Winged, 2313. 
 Petroleum as insecticides. Emulsions of, 2134. 
 
 and their value as insecticides. Emul- 
 sions of, 2126, 2200. 
 
 Pezomachus, 158. 
 
 Diminished, 1127. 
 minimus n. sp., 12, 1442, 1670. 
 Pezotettix, some species dimorphic forms of Cal- 
 optenus, 1889. 
 pacifica 7i. sp., 1959. 
 Phakellura nitidalis ^ Eudioptis nitidalis. 
 Phalanazea, 2343. 
 
 Pbahenidie. Description of a new genus ol', 1 1 !8. 
 PhalangidiP, 838. 
 
 Phaneropteracun'icauda^ScudderiacurviL.iiiiia. 
 PhasmiJa, 2267. 
 Phasmomantis, 457, 590, 859, 971, 979, 1059, 1060, 
 
 2276. 
 Phengodes, 1874, 2397. 
 
 laticollis, 2412. 
 
 and Zarhipis. Further ui>tc.s on, Jill, 
 2412. 
 Notes on, 2408. 
 Phengodina. On the luminous larviform females 
 
 in the, 2397, 2402. 
 Phenomena. Vegetable, 436. 
 Pheocyma. Pine, 2363. 
 Phemonone 5caudata, 2110. 
 PhUampelus achemon, 1091, 1127. 
 pandoras, 1102, 1127. 
 satellitia ^^ P. pandoras. 
 Philenor swallow-tail, 1127. 
 Philonthus, 1311. 
 
 Philosophy of the movement of the Rocky Mount- 
 ain locust, 1669. 
 Old and new, 392. 
 
 of the pupation of butterflies, 1711. 
 Phlceotribus liminaris, 2047. 
 Phlox. Heliothis phloxiphaga injuring, 936, 915. 
 
 worm, 945. 
 Phoberia atomaiis, 1970, 2343. 
 Phobetron hyalinum, 40. 
 
 pithecium, 777, 1272. 
 tetrad actylu.s, 40. 
 Phora aletiae, 1923, 1932, 2102, 2343. 
 
 a scavenger, not a parasite. 1923. 
 Phorodon humuli. 235, 279, 1001, 2393, 2394, 2396, 
 
 2400. 
 Phorostoma latnm, 2260. 
 
 Phosphorescence of fire-flies. Intermittence of 
 the, 1805. 
 the glow-worm. Xature of 
 the, 1810. 
 Phosphorescent larvae. Large, 1874. 
 Photinns. Food of Calopteron and, 2358. 
 pyralis, 396, 1097. 1705, 1917, 2358. 
 Photuris pennsylvanica, 1097, 1705, 1917. 
 Phoxopteris comifoliana n sjj., 1968. 
 
 fragariffi, 499. 984, 1059, 1574, 2324. 
 murtfeldtiana n. sp., 1968. 
 nubeculana, 1721. 
 Phryganeidae, 1138. 
 Phyciodes nycteis, 1410. 
 Phycita nebulella «. i-., 1311 = var. of .\crobasi8 
 
 indiginella. 
 Phycita nebnlo n. sp., 2 = Acrobasis iudiginolla. 
 Phyllobrotica longicornis = Diabrotica lyugi- 
 
 cornis. 
 Phylloptera oblongifolia := Amblycorj-pha oblon- 
 gifolia. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 433 
 
 rhyllotretA albionica, 2291. 
 
 Htriolata — V. vittatii. 
 vittata,:«8, 504, 2291. 
 ziniuu-rnianiii. 2291. 
 Phylloxera, 1355, 1396, 1404, 1406, 1428. 1449, 1644, 
 1671. 
 iu California, 2140. 
 
 Grape, 1727. 
 Winf:t<(l, 1J<95. . 
 caryas-avellaua yi. x/).. 1901. 
 -cauli.s, 300, 68.5, 1439. 
 -fallax?i. Kp.,1423. 
 folia?, 1311. 1363. 
 -globviliii. «><..27, 360. 
 ■giiminosa, n. »p., 1423. 
 -ren n. xp.. 1423. 
 -scissa n. sp., 1901. 
 -semen, 373. 
 on chestnut, 353. 
 congres.s in Spain, 1907. 
 convenJioii at Berne, 2147. 
 correction, 1355. 
 enemy. Grape-leaf, 15?0. 
 in Franco. Grape, 2193. 
 with fuuijus (li.seasc. Infesting, 1808. 
 in Geelong. Victoria. Grape. 1732. 
 Grape, 1329, 1363, 1373, 1423, 1482, 
 
 1721. 
 and grape-rot. 1623, 1628. 
 Half tlie vine area of France att'ected 
 
 by, 2020. 
 laws. 2019. 
 
 in Europe, 2248. 
 German. 2432. 
 lichtensteni, 1121. 
 mite, 1363. 
 Mold and, 1807. 
 Nervous .system and salivary glands 
 
 of 1687. 
 Xew biological facts regarding the 
 grape, 1421. 
 hickory galls made by, 1901. 
 Newest facts of grape, 1404. 
 Nonsense about the, 1457. 
 not at the Cape. Grape, 184 1. 
 
 permanently destructive. The 
 grape, 1907. 
 notes, 1406. 
 Notes on the grape, 1952, 2291. 
 
 in the natural history of, 1439. 
 Nouveau remade contre, 2283. 
 Oak, 1363. 
 
 One-half the vine area of France af- 
 fected by, 2020. I 
 quercus, 1363. ' 
 Kemedies for, 1403. 
 rileyi, 1363, 1423, 1.130. 
 in sandy soil, 2250. 
 Some recent discoveries in reference 
 
 to, 2209. 
 spinusa, 2209. 
 in Switzerland. Extermination and 
 
 restriction of, 2207. 
 Use of guano for the grape, 1837. 
 
 28 ENT 
 
 Pliylloxera vnstatrix, 127, 373, 565, 724, 840, 918, 
 1281, 129.5, 1301, 1311. 1325. 
 1320, 1342, l:«3, 1363. 1373, 
 1376, 1394, 1403. 1421. 1423, 
 1433, 1439, 1440. 1454. 1457, 
 1469. 14«2. 1.5.10. 1531. 1664. 
 162.3. 1671. 1716. 1721. 1727. 
 1732.1808, 1841. 1900, 1906. 
 1907, 1952, 201."), 2019. 2020, 
 2140,2150, 2208. 2250, 2283, 
 2355. 
 
 Dipterous enemies of. 2!.'>0. 
 Impregnated egg of. 1074. 
 vitifolisB =P. VKstatrix. 
 work, 1900. 
 Phyloptera, 2267. 
 Phyloscia, 1900. 
 Phymata erosa. 778. 1660. 
 Pby.sianthus albens, 1418, 1419. 
 
 Capture of moths by. 1388. 
 
 1419. 1761. 
 Peculiarities of, 1418. 
 Physia.nthl's. Insects akfbctixo. 1388. 
 Dcilephila lineata. 1419. 
 Noctuida;, 1410. 1761. 
 Sphingida;, 1418, 1419, 1761. 
 Physicians. Quacks or, 282. 
 Physocnenium brevilineum, 696. 
 Physonota quinquepunctata ?i. gp. 767 ^= P. nni- 
 punctata. 
 nnipunctata, 767. 
 Phytocoridif, 1301. 
 
 Phytolacca not fed on by Aletia, 2343. 
 Phytonomus nigrirostti.s. 2355. 
 
 opimus = P. punctatus. 
 punctatns, 2010. 2028, 2061. 2119. 23.55. 
 
 Further notes on. 2061. 
 rumicis. 2119. 
 Phytopbagic species. 45, 50. 
 Phytophagis varieties, 45, 50. 
 Phytopus. 1739. 
 
 oleivorus. 2308. 
 Pickle-worm. 1127. 
 Pieridie, 613, 1301. 
 
 Dimorphic. 28. 
 Pieris menapia, 2121. 
 
 monuste, 1991, 2232. 
 oleraceii, 835, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 protodice, 836, 1 127. 2232. 2238. 
 rapiP. 1127, 1257, 1279. 1294, 1469. 10»4, 1714. 
 1720, 1721, 1807, 1948, 2221. 2232, 2238. 
 2251. 2298. 
 into Alabama. Sprejid of, 1720. 
 vorualis, 1634. 
 Piesma cinerea. 398. 2048. 
 Pigeon I'remex, 458. 
 
 in apple, 112<i. 
 Pigs. I.ieo on. 900. 
 Pimpla annulicomis, 2.34.1. 
 aunulipes, 1334. 
 atrata Thnlewia atrata. 
 cadebs n.itp., 38.5. 
 conqnisitor, 2343. 
 inquisitor, 1059. 
 
434 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pimpla investigatrix n. sp., 385. 
 piotipes n. sp., 385. 
 pleurivinctus = P. conquiaitor. 
 Red-leggtid, 1329. 
 sp. on Parandra brannea, 1876. 
 vidua n. sp.,d85. 
 Pine Amorbia, 2363. 
 
 borer. Common longicom, 2291. 
 
 Lesser, 2267. 
 Caterpillar-i on the, 927. 
 and cedar. Longicorns in, 319. 
 False caterpillars on the, 985. 
 Pine. Insects affecting. 
 Amoibia, 2363. 
 Asemum mcestum, 2267. 
 Aspidiotns pinifolii = Chionaspia pinifolii. 
 Borers, 1049. 
 Callidium antennatum, 319. 
 
 janthinum, 319. 
 Chionaspis pinifolii, 97, 1329, 2079. 
 Cybocephalus nigritulus, 2079. 
 Hylobius confusus, 1168. 
 Lachnus strobi, 320. 
 Lophyrus abbotii, 465, 927, 956, 1570. 
 
 lecontei, 985, 1011, 1570. 
 Moiiohanimns titillator, 1324. 
 Pheocyma, 2363. 
 Pieris menapia, 2121. 
 Pissodes strobi, 781, 2363. 
 Podapion gallicola, 2231. 
 Ptinus brunneus, 191. 
 Therina, 2363. 
 Pine-leaf scale insect, 1329. 
 moth of Nantucket, 2183. 
 Pheocyma, 2363. 
 Therina, 2363. 
 trees. Butterfly larvie injurious to, 2121. 
 
 killed by borers. White, 1049. 
 worm. Leconte's, 1570. 
 "White, 465, 956. 
 Pinion. Ash-gray, 1301, 
 Pinus elliotii. Chionaspis pinifolii on, 2079. 
 inops. Gall on, 2231. 
 strobus. Insects affecting, 97, 320. 
 Pionea, Cabbage, 2232. 
 
 rimosali.s, 1867, 1915, 2232. 
 Piophila casei, 1141, 1266, 1700, 1734. 
 
 radicum, 1357. 
 Pipiza femoralis, 495. 
 
 radicum n. sp., 495 ^ P. femoralis. 
 Pirates biguttatus = Easahus biguttatus. 
 
 picipes = Melanolestes picipes. 
 Pissodes strobi, 781. 
 
 PiTCHEE-FLANT. INSECTS AFFECTING, 1385. 
 Sarcophaga sarraceniffi, 1385, 1390. 
 Xanthoptera semicrocea, 1385, 1390. 
 Pithy blackberry gall, 1131. 
 
 galls on blackberry-twigs, 610. 
 Pityophthorus micrographi.o, 295. 
 minutissimus, 295. 
 Plagionotus speciosus, 547, 915. 
 Plagues. Insect, 2198. 
 Planipennia, 2267. 
 Plant-bug. Dotted legged, 1311. 
 
 Tarnished, 1127, 1219, 2291. 
 feeders. Carnivorous propensity of, 1867. 
 
 Plant-feeding liabit of Feniseca tarqninius, 2361. 
 habits of predaceous beetles, 1956. 
 growing out of an insect, 332, 478. 
 lice, 23, 80, 265. 
 again, 1008. 
 
 Apple tree, 270, 335, 591, 996. 
 on berberry, 644. 
 Cherry-tree, 1067. 
 Currant, 304. 
 To destroy, 1148. 
 Destroying cherry, 1207. 
 enemies, 151. 
 Evergreen, 1039. 
 Mites mistaken for, 59. 
 from one plant to another. Migration 
 
 of, 2017. 
 in Oregon. Apple-tree, 1899. 
 Plum-tree, 678. 
 on potatoes, 1679. 
 Scab in apple vs. apple-tree, 1139. 
 and their foes. Cherry, 1251. 
 their friends and foes, 198. 
 louse again. Eggs of the apple-tree, 550. 
 Apple, 883. 
 
 root, 373, 495, 1059. 
 tree, 1127. 
 Cabbage, 2291. 
 Corn-root, 23. 
 Currant, 322. 
 eggs on apple and mountain ash, 
 
 579. 
 Eggs of the apple-tree, 507, 539. 
 enemy, 301. 
 Grain, 99, 126, 1127. 
 
 Look out for the eggs of the apple- 
 tree, 507. 
 White-pine, 320. 
 Plants. Fertilizing, 324. 
 
 Food of insectivorous, 1499. 
 and insects. Imported, 1339. 
 Otiorhynchidai injurious to cultivated, 
 
 2117. 
 soil .and man. Effects of Paris green on, 
 1427. 
 Platamodes unicolor, 573. 
 Platycerus quercus, 1162. 
 Platygaster herrieki, 2332. 
 Platyhypena scabra T=Kypena scabra. 
 Platynus aeruginosus, 1013. 
 excavatus. 1013. 
 maculicollis, 2099. 
 punctiformis, 1798. 
 Platyphylluai concavum = Cyrtophyllua con- 
 
 cavus. 
 Platypsyllua castoris, 2417. 
 
 as determined by the lar-'a. Sys- 
 tematic relations of, 2417. 
 Platyptera, 2267. 
 Platyptilus carduidactylus, 1059. 
 Plectrodes scalator, 1330, 1525. 
 Plenty of specimens. Send, 593. 
 Pleurotropis phyllotretii? n. sp., 2291. 
 Plug-ugly theory, 233, 1383. 
 Plum bark-louse, 107. 
 
 Curculio, 373, 1059, 1129, 1301, 2296. 
 breeds in tlie apple, 1214. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 435 
 
 Plum Ciirciilio, natural bistorv .md liow (o latch 
 hira. 1372. 
 Parasite for the, 1751, 1795. 
 gouger, 33, 34, 373, 1301. 
 gum. Larva* in, 419. 
 Pn'M. Insects afkecting. 
 Acarid, 12C5. 
 
 .iEgeria esitiosa ^=Sanniua exitioHa. 
 Anthonomns prunicida ^= Coccotorua Scutel- 
 laria. 
 Aphis cerasi = Myzus cora-si. 
 
 prunifolias 678. 
 Attacus ci'tTopia, 1249. 
 Bibio albij)cuui3, 683. 
 Carpocapsa poraonella, 1334. 
 Cerambycid, 559. 
 
 Coccotoru8 Scutellaria, 33, 373, 1301, 1378. 
 Colaapis sp., 372. 
 Conotrachelus geminatus, 34. 
 
 nenuphar, 33, 372, 373, 501, 566, 
 1059, 1071, 1301, 1372,1477,1685, 
 2296. 
 inincticollis n. sp., 34 =^ C. 
 geminatus. 
 Dipterou, 419. 
 Elapbidion parallelum ^= E. yillosum. 
 
 villosum, 606. 
 Elaterid, 81. 
 
 Grapholitha prunivora, 373. 
 Hylobius stupidus = Pachylobius picivorus. 
 Lecaninm sp., 107. 
 Lyda8p.,656. 
 Mytilaspis pomicorticis = M. pomorum. 
 
 pomorum, 973. 
 Myzus cerasi, 678. 
 Pachylobius picivorus, 845. 
 Phorodon humuli, 2393, 2394. 
 Sannina exitiosa, 81. 
 Scolytus rugulosus, 1940. 
 
 Semasia prunivora = Grapholitha pninivora. 
 Telea polyphemus, 765. 
 Plum leaf ■worms, 656. 
 moth. 373. 
 .saw-fly, 2291. 
 tree insects, 683. 
 
 Minute borers in, 1940. 
 plant lice, 678. 
 twigs. Borer in, 559, 606. 
 Plume. Grape vine, 1059, 1301. 
 
 moth. Spruce, 2363. 
 Plums and cotton, 1477. 
 
 from Curculio. To protect, 1071. 
 for the million, 501. 
 Preventing rot in, 1685. 
 Wier, D. B. Native, 2388. 
 Plusia hrassiciD n. sp., 1127, 1867. 2232, 2238, 
 Cabbage, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 dyaus, 2343. 
 Plutella. Cabbage, 1291, 2232. 
 
 cruciferarum, 614, 1291, 1207, 2232. 
 Pod-like willow gall, 1170. 
 Podabrus modestns, 3.58, 673. 
 
 rugulosus, 353. 
 Potlapion n..r/.,2231. 
 
 gallicolan.«p..2231. 
 Potlisus spinosus. 372. 4.56, 1378, 1431. 1450, 1672. 
 
 Podosesia syringa-, 844. 
 PoduriD, 1764. 
 Podura nivic«la, 608. 
 Podiirida', 317. 
 
 Pd'cilloptera pruinosa, 737, 1329. 
 Pfecilocapsus lineatiis, 71i!>. 
 Poison. Potato j>e«t, 1524. 
 Poisoning noxious insect«, 2015. 
 Poisonous Arachnida, 2399. 
 
 Is the Colorado potato-beetle, 1483. 
 
 Hour, 586. 
 
 Hexapoda, 2399. 
 
 insects, 2399. • 
 
 Myriapoda, 2399. 
 
 (jiialities of the Colorado ])Otatobeetl<', 
 
 1425. 
 qualities of the Colorado potato-bug, 
 
 1101. 
 spider, 2306. 
 Tomato- worm not, 771. 
 worm, 710. 
 Poisons to destroy insects. Use of, 1887. 
 Polistas fuscatus — P. metricus. 
 metricus, 1371. 
 
 and Pelopa.us. Habits of, 1371, 
 rubiginosus, 543. 
 PoUenia rudis, 2128, 2174. 
 Pollination of Yucca, 1603, 2000. 
 Polycaon confortus. Habits of, 2103. 
 Polydesmus, 261. 
 
 complanatus, 215. 
 serratiis, 342. 
 sp.,834. 
 
 virginiensis, 219. 
 Polymitarcys alba, 1926, 1961. 
 Polyphemus moth, 542. 
 
 Caterpillar of, 765. 
 Cocoou of, 1164. 
 silkworm, 1311. 
 Polyrhabdus n. g., 385 = ChoriniRUS. 
 
 carinigcr n. sp., 385 ;= Chorineus 
 cariniger. 
 Polysphincta nigriceps »i. «p., 385. 
 nigrita «. »p., .385. 
 pimploides n. *p., 385. 
 Pomace-fly. Pretty, 2119. 
 
 Vine-loving. 2119. 
 Pomphopcea a-nea, 289, 301, 1056. 
 saj 1,188,301. 
 Synoptic table of, 289. 
 tarsalis. 289. 
 Pomphilus formosus — Pepsls formoaa. 
 Poplar borer. 71. 
 POPI.AB. TSSECT.S AFFECTWr.. 
 
 Acronycta accricola = A. americana. 
 
 aiiiericana, 575. 
 Saperda cakarata. 1849. 
 Poplars. Caterpillars on Lombardy, ."i'l. 
 Popular delusion, 52.'i. 
 names, 100, 430. 
 
 remedies for noxious insects, 73. 
 Populus mouillfera InsecU on. 1459. 
 Porcelio, 1000. 
 
 Porizon .onotracheli n.irp., 1751 = Thersllorhnx 
 conotrachcli. 
 Curcnlio parasite, 1301. 
 
436 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Potamanthus ? odonatus n. sp., 24. 
 i'oiato beetle, 946, 968, 995, 1019, 1027. 
 
 abroad. The Colorado, 1364, 1407. 
 again. Colorado, 1301. 
 Colorado, 21, 334, 991, 1059, 1311, 1329, 
 1363, 1423, 1431, 1558, 1570, 2291, 
 2294 2418. 
 enemies, 313, 365. 
 in Europe. Colorado, 1597. 
 
 New Hainp.shire. Colorado. 1859. 
 Experience with, 1519. 
 Inquiries concerning, 1491 
 Insect enemies of the Colorado, 411. 
 Mite parasites of the Colorado, 1505. 
 in New York. Colorado, 1379. 
 The onward march of the, 1218. 
 poisonous? Is the Colorado, 1483. 
 Poi.sonous qualities of the Colo- 
 rado, 1425. 
 progress, 1480. 
 
 Specific for the Colorado, 1490. 
 Sweet, 1697. 
 Ten-lined, 025. 
 Three-lined, 1059, 1558. 
 beetles, 347, 470. 
 
 Drivinjr, 1044. 
 Fire cure for, 121. 
 Large black, 1206. 
 native home. Colorado, 1462. 
 Safe remedies for, 1948. 
 Some notes on, 1528. 
 Sweet, 681, 1510. 
 Potato-bug, 742, 905, 1450, 1672. 
 
 Bogii.i Colorado, 519. 
 Colorado, 293, 334, 366. 
 in Maine, 119. 
 New, 48, 88, 171, 293. 
 Poisonous qualities of the Colorado, 
 1101. 
 bugs, 401, 794, 1096. 
 
 To destroy Colorado, 650. 
 Old-fashioned! 185. 
 and corn insects, 138. 
 Insect foes of the, 1558. 
 Potato. Insects .\ffecting, 767, 1059. 
 Acarina, 1444. 
 Aphis solani, 1679. 
 
 Baridius trinotata = Trichobaris trinotata. 
 Cassida clavata = Coptocycla clavata. 
 Ceresa bubalus, 2107. 2235. 
 Coptocycla aurichalcea, 1510. 
 
 clavata, 693, 742, 1558. 
 Crepidodera brevis, 1782. 
 
 cucuraeris, 401, 1056, 1059, 1558. 
 parvula, 1782. 
 Doryphora 10-lineata, 21, 48, 121, 138, 171, 293, 
 334, 347, 365, 366, 401, 56.5, 760, 905, 925, 946, 968, 
 995, 1019, 1027, 1044, 1059, 1218, 1301, 1311, 1329, 
 1363, 1364, 1379, 1105, 1407, 1423, 142,5, 1431, 
 1450, 1462, 1480. 1482, 1483, 1490, 1491, 1505, 
 1519, 1524, 1528, 1558, 1570, 1597, 1672, 1859, 
 2081, 2294. 
 Epicanta cinerea, 401, 1056, 1558. 
 corvina, 1200. 
 
 pennsylvanica, 38, 401, 1056, 1558. 
 puncticollis, 1381. 
 
 Potato. Insects affecting— Continued. 
 
 Epicauta vittata, 401, 470, 794, 1056, 1230,"l558. 
 Epitrix brevis ^ Crepidodera brevis. 
 
 hirtipennis = Crepidodera parvula. 
 Gortyna nitela, 401, 1059, 1558, 2229. 
 Gryllussp.,2383. 
 
 Haltica cucumeris =: Crepidodera cucumoris. 
 Lema trilineata, 138, 401, 565, 925, 1059, 1558. 
 Lepidopteron, 794. 
 
 Lytta atrata — Epicauta pennsylvanica. 
 cinerea ^= Macrobasis unicolor. 
 marginata =^ Epicauta cinerea. 
 inurina = Macrobasis unicolor. 
 vittata ^= Epicauta vittata. 
 Macrobasis unicolor, 38, 347, 401, 470, 1044, 1558. 
 Melanotus incertus ?, 846. 
 Meloidffi, 48, 121, 794, 1059, 1230. 
 Nysiu.s 8j>., 1317. 
 Protoparce ceieus, 1059, 1558. 
 
 5-raaculata, 401. 
 Sciara sp., 239. 
 
 Sphinx 5-macula;ta = Protoparce 5-maculata. 
 Trichobaris trinotata, 401, 1059, 1558, 2172. 
 Potato. Meloidw injurious to, 48. 121, 794, 1059, 
 1230. 
 New insect foe of the, 693. 
 pest poison, 1524. 
 pests, 1.558. 
 Scab on, 239. 
 
 stalk-borer, 1059, 2172, 2229. 
 weevil, 1059. 1558, 2291. 
 worm, 10.59, 1329, 1.558. 
 Potatoes. Black blister beetles on, 1381. 
 
 Buffalo tree-hopper injurious to, 2107. 
 Plant-lice on, 1679. 
 Scabby. 1444. 
 Wire- worm 8 in, 846. 
 Pot-herb butterfly, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 Potter wasp. 770. 
 
 I'raternal, 1127. 
 Powder. Manufacture of pyrethrum, 1984. 
 
 Persian insect, 1485. 
 Powders and their use. Insect, 1692. 
 Practical entomology in reality, 914. 
 Prairie belt. First appearance of the cotton- worm 
 in, 1852. 
 fires and hateful locust, 1453. 
 Prasocuris. Table of species, 156. 
 
 varipes, 156. 
 Predaceous beetles. Plant-feeding habits of, 1956. 
 Predictions verified, 1494. 
 Premature appearance of the periodical Cicada 
 
 2320, 2326. 
 Preparation of Diptera, 2041. 
 Preserving insects, 881, 1057. 
 
 Directions for collecting and, 
 881. 
 larvK, 1300. 
 President. Washington Entomological Society. 
 
 Address as, 2355. 
 Presidential address to St. Louis Academy of 
 
 Sciences, 1564, 1629. 
 Pretty pomace-fly, 2119. 
 
 and unique gall-making tortricid, 2176. 
 Preying Mantis, 457. 
 
 Supposed eggs of, 1002. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 437 
 
 Prickly aali larvn, 1914. 
 
 I'apilio cn'SiihoiitesoD, 1914. 
 rose gall, 1194, 124.'). 
 PKI.MKOSK. ISSKCTS AKFECTING. 
 
 Alaria tlurida ^ Khodo|i1iora Hurida. 
 Ulioduphora tloricla, 127:'.. 
 Prionida-. Food habits, 1902. 
 PrioniduM cristatii.s,2G2, 491. 
 Priouotus uoveuarius = Prionidii.s ci istatus. 
 Prionus. Eggs of bioartnwked. 1329. 
 inibiicoiDis, 95. 1127. 
 laticollis, 95, 561, 1059, 1081, 1127, 1329, 
 
 2287. 
 Lesser, 2267. 
 sp. 736. 
 
 Tile horned, 1127. 
 Prisopus sp., 2267. 
 
 Pristiphora grossularia- n. »/>., 140, 176, 189, 364, 772, 
 1570. 
 sycophanta n. up., 197. 
 Probabilities of locust or grasshopper injury in 
 
 the uear future, 2335. 
 Problem of the bop-plant louse in Europe and 
 
 America, 2400. 
 fully solved, 2396. 
 Proboscis of the common house-fly, 1783. 
 Proconia nndata =^ Onc(m)et<)j)ia undata. 
 
 from stomach of Sturnella magna, 1013. 
 Procri.s. American, 1127. 
 
 americana := Harrisiana americaua. 
 falsarius ^ Acoloithus faLsarius. 
 Grape vine, 213. 
 Protacanthns milberti, 1127, 1269, 1543. 
 
 missouriensis = P. milberti. 
 Proctrotrupid*, 2343. 
 
 a new genus of, 1749. 
 Prodenia autumualis n. sp., 1301 =^ Laphygma fru- 
 giperda. 
 commeliuaj, 850, 1282. 
 fulvosa ^ var. of Lajihygma frugiperda. 
 lineatella, 1775. 
 
 obscura = var. of Lai)hygma frugiperda. 
 sp.. 2238. 
 Pi-odoxidai, 2000. 
 Prodosus n. ()., 1830, 2000. 
 
 ajnesceus n. sp , 2000. 
 cinereus n. sp., 2000. 
 
 decipiens n. sp.. 1804,1830,1854, 1933. 1943, 
 2000, 2049. 
 mistaken for Pronuba yucca- 
 
 sella. 1804. 
 Ovipo.sitioii of 2049. 
 A parasite on, 1831. 
 Evolution of, 1804. 
 Further notes on Pronnba and, 2000. 
 
 ren)arks on tlie dirtVrence be- 
 tween Pronnba and, 1854. 
 intermedins n. sp., 2000. 
 marginatus n. sp., 2000. 
 Pronuba vs., 1844. 
 
 Structaral and anatomical pecaliarities 
 of, 2171. 
 Profits of silk-culture, 2338. 
 Promachus, 1127. 
 
 apivorua, 668, 1059, 1.543. 
 bastardii. 1269. 
 
 Proniachua vertebratus, 1269. 
 Promethea silk-worm, i:ill. 
 Prominent. The rcd-hunii>ed, 2291. 
 
 unicorn, 1280. 
 Pronuba n. </., 1329, i:i36, 2000. 
 
 and its connection with the polliDutlon 
 
 of Yucca, 2391. 
 Kvolution of, 1X04. 
 maculata n. sp., 2000. 
 A new tineid genus allied to, 1H30. 
 and Prodoxus. Further notes on, 2000. 
 remarks on the 
 dilferences he 
 tweon, 1854. 
 Structaral and anatomical peculiarities 
 
 of, 2171. 
 vs. Prodoxus, 1844. 
 
 yuccasella n. »p., 1329. 13:«;, 1337, 1363, 
 1603, 1854. 1933. 1943, 2000, 
 2171. 
 Chrysalis of, 1414. 
 Further remarks on, 1603. 
 Mr. Hulsfs ob.servatious on, 
 
 2371. 
 mistaken for Prodoxus decip- 
 
 iens. 1804. 
 Mystery in reference to, 1933. 
 Supplementary notes on, l;i37. 
 Prophecy fulfilled. 709. 
 Proscoi)ia, 2267. 
 Prosopis affinis, 1173. 
 Prospects. Locu.'it, 1527. 1662, 1582. 
 Protection of insect' collections, 2180. 
 Protective device employed by a glaucopid cater- 
 pillar, 2242. 
 resemblances. Mimicry or, 1301, 1340. 
 Proteoteras «.[/., 1968. 
 
 icsculana n. sp., 1968, 2114. 2206. 
 Protoparce Carolina, 131, 933, 10H9. 1262, 2238. 
 
 celeus, 131. 152, 401. 4!t0. 710. 81.5, 851, 
 885, 993, 1059, 1089. 12&1. 1329, 1558, 
 1661. 
 Prunus insect*, 1503. 
 P8enides,821. 
 
 and inquilines. Kelations of, 41. 
 Psenocerus snperuotatus, itil, 1458. 
 Pseiidociiccus areris, 1890. 
 Pseudoneuroptera. 2207. 
 
 of Illinois. 24. 
 New, 24, 39. 
 Psendoscorpion, 1884. 
 Psinidia wallula n.sp., 1959. 
 PHOci.2133. 
 P.socida. 1147,2207. 
 
 Psocina. Structure of the claw in, 2045. 
 Psocus, 1078. 
 
 amabilis n. «7>.,24. 
 bifasciatus n. sp., 39. 
 contluens ii.sp., 39. 
 conterminus n.ttji., 39. 
 ■ geologas n.tp., 24. 
 lichenatuH »i. sp., 39. 
 mades<'ens fi. t]j.. 39. 
 permadidus n.*}i.,39. 
 perploTUs n. tp.. 24. 
 polluti s n.sp., 24. 
 
438 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Psocus purus n. sp., 24. 
 rufus n.sp., 39. 
 semistriatus n. sp., 24. 
 venosus, 176, 1078, 1147, 1195, 1263, 1526, 
 1798. 
 Psyche confederata, 1441. 
 Psychidie, 1650. 
 
 Psychomorpha epimenis, 1301. 1363. 
 Pay 11a. Box, 2291. 
 rubi, 669. 
 Psyllid galls. Hackberry, 2208. 
 PsyllidsB of North America. Kotes on, 2272. 
 
 the United States, 2210. 
 Pteromalus pupanim, 2221. 
 Pteronarcys, 2267. 
 Pterophorns carduidactylus n. sp., 1059. 
 
 periscelidactylus = Oxyptilus peri- 
 scelidactylus. 
 Pthirius pubis. 497. 
 Ptinus brnnnens, 191, 510, 1141. 
 Publication. Discontinuance of, 2106. 
 Publllia concava, 163. 
 Puccinia graminis, 1605. 
 Pulex irritans, 497. 
 
 penetrans = Sarcopsylla penetrans, 
 sp. feeding on lepidopterous larvse, 2110. 
 Pulvinaria acericola = P. innumerabilis. 
 
 innnmerabilis, 389, 1515, 1816, 2279,2291, 
 
 2355. 
 maclursB = P. innumerabilis. 
 vitis, 106, 1212. 
 Punctured grape-caues, 513, 1333. 
 Punctures of Hemiptera upon shrubs, fruits, and 
 grains. "VVebster, F. M. Experiments on the 
 effects of, 2382. 
 Punctures on rose twig, 1167. 
 Pupa of the disippus butterfly, 1193. 
 Pupae. Habits of, 346. 
 
 How to hatch, 509. 
 Pupation of butterflies. Philosophy of the, 1711. 
 
 Nymphalida-, 1704. 
 Purged Ophion, 1127. 
 Purple willow Gracilaria, 2363. 
 Purslane. Insect affecting. 
 
 Deilephila lineata, 1402. 
 Putnam, J. D. Obituary, 2054. 
 Pyralid infesting seed-pods of trumpet- vine, 1929. 
 Pyralis farinalis = Asopia farinalis. 
 
 olinalis = Asopia olinalis. 
 Pyrameis atalanta, 540. 
 
 cardui, 1635, 1770. 
 Pyramidal grape-vine worm, 1301. 
 Pyrethrnm. Additional experiments with, 1903. 
 cinerariasfolium, 1996, 2235. 
 Cultivation of, 1984. 
 Directions for cultivating, 1996. 
 
 raising, 1862. 
 Experiments with, 1948, 2353. 
 an important insecticide, 2131. 
 powder. Manufacture of, 1984. 
 roseum, 1996, 2119, 2343. 
 for the screw-worm, 1921. 
 in the United States. Additional 
 
 notes on the cultivation of, 2377. 
 The use of, 1858. 
 its use as an insecticide, 2119. 
 
 Pyrethrum willemoti, 2343. 
 Pyrophila conspersa, 1301. 
 
 pyramidea, 785, 1301. 
 pyramidoides, 671, 785, 1301, 1471. 
 
 Hibernation of, 1471. 
 Pyrrharctia Isabella, 244, 558, 909, 1153, 1311, 1802. 
 Pyrrhia exprimens, 677. 
 Quackery. Entomological, 439. 
 Quacks and physicians, 282. 
 Quedius, 1311. 
 
 Queen bees in the mails, 1762. 
 Quelques mots sur le insecticides, 2283. 
 Quercus acuminata. Cynips on, 1822. 
 
 coccifera. Phylloxera on, 1421. 
 douglassi. Gall on, 1967. 
 Galls on the prinus group of, 1606. 
 infectoria. Gall on, 1560. 
 muhlenbergi. Cynips on, 1925. 
 palustris. Coccid on, 1972. 
 undulata. Galls on, 1942. 
 Queries answered, 217. 
 
 Bundle of entomological, 1463. 
 Questions answered, 1246. 
 Quick traveler, 752. 
 Quince Curculio, 1301. 
 Quince. Insects affecting. 
 
 Capsus oblineatus := Lygus pratensis. 
 Conotrachelus crataegi, 1301. 
 Eriocampa cerasi, 2243. 
 Lygus pratensis, 2. 
 Selaudria cerasi = Eriocampa cerasi. 
 Quince. Saw-fly on tte, 2243. 
 Rabbit insects, 290. 
 
 Kace. Some further facts regarding that father- 
 less, 1658. 
 That fatherless and motherless, 1650. 
 Ragweed. Insects affecting. 
 Epicauta pennsylvanica, 732. 
 Lytta atrata --Epicauta pennsylvanica. 
 Railroad worm, 2238. 
 Ranatra, 1709. 
 
 fusca, 797, 1191. 
 Range of the rear-horse, 859. 
 Ransom chip-trap for Conotrachelus, 1177. 
 Ranunculus acris. Insects affecting, 156. 
 
 Curculio remedy, 1201. 
 Rapacious soldier-bug, 1059. 
 Rape butterfly, 836, 1294. 
 
 our new cabbage pest, 1257. 
 Kara capture in Illinois, 1271. 
 
 monstro.sities, 2224. 
 Rasahus biguttatus, 497. 
 Rascal leafcrumpler, 341, 373, 1311, 1580. 
 
 in Georgia, 1962. 
 Raspberries. Do bees injure, 529. 
 
 destroyed by weevils, 1788. 
 Raspberry borer, 783. 
 brand, 676. 
 canes dying, 1035. 
 
 Eggs of snowy tree-cricket in, 
 1122. 
 tree-cricket in, 1006. 
 Gouty gall on blackberry and, 
 
 1771. 
 punctured by Orehelimum gla- 
 berrimum, 2249. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 439 
 
 Raspberry iJeonieter. lOftii. 
 gouty gall, UJ4. 
 
 aud grape-viues. £gg puncturt-H in, 
 2195. 
 Raspbkruy. Insects afkkciixc. 
 
 -Kgeiia rubi ■= Bpinbecia luargiuata. 
 
 Agrilu8 rnficollis, 1124, 1771. 
 
 Belli becia marginata, 1363. 145;!. 
 
 ('biuu:t:«pi8 furfurus, 19C8. 
 
 Diaspis barrisii = Chionaspis furfurus. 
 
 Dipteron, 676. 
 
 Monopbaduus rubi, 663, 761, 1212, 1641. 
 
 Oberea bimaculata, 783, 1363. 
 
 perspicillata = O. bimaculata. 
 tripunetata, 1503. 
 CEcantbus niveus, 961, 1006, 1122, 1503, 1691, 
 
 2195. 
 Orcbelimum glabeiTiuiuru, 2249. 
 Otiorbyncbus picipes, 178S. 
 Rbodites radicuiu, 1149. 
 Selaudria rubi = Monophadnas rubi. 
 SjDcblora rnbivoraria, 1059. 
 Raspberry -root borer, 1363. 
 gall, 1149. 
 saw-fly, 1212, 1641. 
 Scale insect on, 1968. 
 worms, 663, 761. 
 Ra^tailed larva, 168. 
 Katzeburg. Forest trees and weeds of Germany 
 
 (review), 1110. 
 Rear-horse, 1059. 
 
 Eggs of tbe Mantis or, 1060. 
 Range of tbe. 859. 
 Rear-borses vg. grasshoppers, 590. 
 Record of American entomology (review), 827. 
 Red ants, 2309. 
 
 cedar caterpillars, 427. 
 
 clover. Bumble, bees and, 2376. 
 
 humped caterpillar, 788. 
 
 prominent, 61, 2291. 
 leg. Tbe cussed. 1598. 
 legged ham-beetle, 1363. 
 
 locust, 1423, 1625, 2363. 
 maple. Ocellate Iraf-gall of the, 2119. 
 mites, 1959. 
 
 Transformation of the, 1632. 
 scale. California, 2394. 
 
 Koebele, A., experiments on the, 2394. 
 shouldered Sinoxylon, 1311. 
 spider, 1146, 1225, 1710. 
 on roses, 1710. 
 tailed Tachina fly, 1127. 
 weevil, 711. 
 Reddish snout beetle on apple. Small, 1244. 
 
 yellow spruce bud-worm, 2291. 
 Reduvius personatus = Ojisictetus personatna. 
 
 raptatorum =: Sinea diadema. 
 Regal walnut caterpillar, 425. 
 Regulating sei in insects, 1415. 
 Remarks, 206, 255. 
 Remedies and appliances, 2375. 
 More universal, 278. 
 Universal, 204, 503, 818. 
 Remedy. Another universal, 2.32. 
 Report of committee of entomology, 111. State 
 * Hortic. Soc, 1056. 
 
 Report of committee of oiilnroology, Mo. State 
 
 llnrtic. S4K„ 1113. 1127. 
 
 experiineiitM, cbietly with keroKeDf, 
 
 upon insects iiijuriuusly atfectingtbe 
 
 orange-tre(( aud cotton-plant, 2164. 
 
 to governor of Kan huh on tbe grastihopper 
 
 question, 1573. 
 on Lucilia iiiucellariH, 2199. 
 of State euloiiiologist of Illinois, 1, 373. 
 Missonri, 1. 1059. 
 
 2, 1127. 
 
 3, 1301. 
 
 4, 1311. 
 
 5, 1329. 
 
 6, 1363. 
 
 7, 1423. 
 
 8, 14W. 
 
 9, l.'i7'J. 
 Index, 2020. 
 
 n.S.Ent. Commission, 1, 1643. 
 
 2. 1959. 
 
 3. 2267. 
 
 4. 2343. 
 
 U. S. Entomologist for 1878, ITJl. 
 1881-'82, 2119. 
 
 1883, 2232. 
 
 1884, 2291. 
 
 1885, 2363. 
 
 1886, 2394. 
 1887, 2418. 
 
 Reports. Missouri entomological, 1680. 
 
 U. S. Entomological ('ommisSion, 1757. 
 Resemblances. Mimicry or protective, 1301, 1340. 
 Resistance of grape-vines to Phylloxera in sandy 
 
 soil, 2250. 
 Retarded development in a blister-l>eetle, 1860. 
 of insecU, 2040. 
 Remarkable case of 2003, 
 2005. 
 Retirement of Mr. Fuller, 1910. 
 Revision of the Lampyridie, 1819. 
 Rhagium lincatum, 2267. 
 Rheum rbaponticum. Aailus sericeus feeding on, 
 
 1543. 
 Rhinoceros beetle. Gigantic, 580, 1216, 1292. 
 Rhinopsylla n. g., 2272. 
 
 scbwarzii ;i. tp.. 2272. 
 Rbipiphorus sp., 2301. 
 
 Tipbia and, '2351. 
 Rhizotrogus sp.. 2260. 
 Rhodites, 123-.. 
 
 bicolor, 1037, J 194, 1245. 
 radicum. 137, 1149. 
 rosiP, 570, 1166. 1039. 
 RbodobiEuus I3punctatu8. 1301, 2119. 
 Rhodopbora floriila, 807, 1273. 
 Rhopalocera, 16.35, 1784. 
 Rbopalosipbum. 167& 
 RhopaluM, 372. 
 
 Rhun glabra. Insects on, 320. 
 Rhyncbopbora, 254, 1301. 
 Rhyncbophorus zimmeimanni, 2119. 
 Rbyssa, 385. 
 
 atrata — Tbalessa atrata. 
 not ligr.ivoroas, 2286. 
 lanator = Tbalessa lunator. 
 
440 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Eibes insects, 772. 
 
 Eice crop. Enemies of the, 273. 
 
 grub, 2119. 
 Rice. Insects affecting. 
 Acridiuni obscurum, 2119. 
 Cecidomyia oryzie, 1949. 
 
 Chalepua tiachypygus, 273,1911,1949,1973,2119. 
 Chilo oryzasellus, 2119, 2120. 
 Laphygiua frugiperda, 2011. 
 Lissorhoptnis simplex, 273, 1911, 1973, 2119. 
 Murmidus ovalis, 2217. 
 Rice. Insects affecting stored, 2190. 
 
 enemies of growing, 1911. 
 plant. Another enemy of the, 2011. 
 Insect enemies of the, 1949. 
 Insects aflfecting, 2119. 
 Water weevil of the, 1973. 
 stalk borer, 2119. 
 
 New, 2120. 
 weevil, 1683. 
 Ricinis communis. Acrididfe feeding on, 1645. 
 Ridding the ground of cut-worms, 2310. 
 l.iley to Dr. Schaffer. Entomology. Professor, 
 2360. 
 in favor of the birds. Professor, 1675. 
 Letter from Prof. C. V.. 1676. 
 and the locusts. Professor, 1434. 
 
 Yucca moth. Professor, 2068. 
 Riley's report to the governor of Kansas. Pro- 
 fessor, 1573. 
 researches, 2067. 
 Ring-baflded soldier-bug, 1311. 
 
 legged Pimpla, 1329. 
 Robber. Many-bauded, 1059, 1423. 
 Robin. Cut-worms from the stomach of, 1873. 
 
 Insects from the stomach of, 1926. 
 Rock-bass. Insects from stomach of, 1793. 
 Rocky Mountain grasshopper, 1557. 
 
 locust, 1423, 1451, 1452, 1482. 1538, 
 1557, 1570, 1625, 1643, 
 1959, 199a, 2267, 2291. 
 Bruner, L., observations 
 in the Northwest on 
 the, 2165. 
 in 1880. Martin, J., on 
 the, 2267. 
 1885. Bruner, L., re- 
 portontheabundance 
 of the, 2363. 
 Geographical distribu- 
 tion of the, 2267. 
 or grasshopper. Gover- 
 nors of Western States 
 on the, 1557. 
 Important observations 
 
 on, 1575. 
 Lecture on the, 1493. 
 in Montana in 1880. Bru- 
 ner, L., 2267. 
 Natural history of the, 
 
 1578. 
 and other insects in the 
 Northwest during the 
 summer of 1883. Bru- 
 ner, L., observations on 
 the, 2277. 
 
 Rocky Mountain locust. Philosophy of the move- 
 ments of the, 1669. 
 scourge, 1629. 
 in Wyoming, Montana, 
 etc., in 1881. Bruner, 
 L., the, 2267. 
 Rocky Mountains. Excursion to, 988. 
 Rogaa u. sp., 879. 
 
 .sp., 1002. 
 Roller. Strawberry-leaf, 984, 1059, 1574. 
 Roman-nosed pupa, 1217. 
 Rooms. Swarms of minute flies in, 596. 
 Root Aphis, 990, 1038. 
 
 Apple-borer and, 1038, 
 blight. Apple, 997. 
 borer, 981. 
 
 Raspberry, 1363. 
 lice. Knots on apple-tree roots caused by, 
 
 1187. 
 louse. Barley, 2394. 
 
 Syrphus-fly, 1059. 
 Roots of Ampelopsis. Swellings on, 1428. 
 
 Insects affecting apple-tree, 963. 
 Rosaceae. Diastrophus confined to, 1131. 
 
 insects, 1149. 
 Rose. Bedeguar of the, 1939. 
 beetle, 361. 
 
 in California. Fuller's, 1740. 
 Fuller's, 1708, 1721, 2291. 
 Habits of Fuller's, 1708. 
 Not FuUer's, 1825. 
 bug, 373, 1075. 
 
 on apples, 748. 
 Rose bug remedy, 1478. 
 bugs, 1278. 
 
 bushes. Bark-lice on, 1303. 
 chafer, 1329, 1583. 
 chafers on grape-vines, 1375. 
 gall, 1235. 
 
 Mossy, 570, 1166. 
 Prickly, 1194, 1245. 
 galls. Oak and, 1037. 
 Rose. Insects affecting. 
 
 Aramigus fulleri, 1708, 1721, 1740. 
 Cynips bicolor = Rhodites bicolor. 
 Diaspis rosse, 1303. 
 
 Heliothis marginidens = Pyrrhia exprimens. 
 Lecanium oleje, 1303. 
 ros», 1303. 
 Macrodactylus subspinosus, 361, 373,1075,1329, 
 
 1375, 1478, 1583. 
 Monostegia rosae, 672, 1780. 
 Pyrrhia exprimens, 677. 
 Rhodites bicolor, 1037. 
 
 rosa;, 570, 1037, 1166, 1194, 1245, 
 
 1939. 
 sp., 1235. 
 Selandria rosa; = Monostegia rosae. 
 Tetranychus telarius, 1710. 
 Rose-slug, 672, 1780. 
 
 twig. Puncture on. 1167. 
 worms, 677. 
 Roses. Failure of tea, 1708. 
 
 The red spider on, 1710. 
 Rot in plums. Preventing, 1685. 
 Rotten root, 758. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 441 
 
 Round-headed apple-tree borer, 1059, 1608, 22;!8. 
 
 New fucts about 
 
 the, 1630. 
 Oviposition of the, 
 2266. 
 Rove beetle. Spotted, 1123. 
 
 beetles, 1558. 
 R<iyal homed eiiterpiller, 702, 803, 860, 1275. 
 Kubu.siu.seets. 1,'>03, 
 Kudbeckia. Aphid on, 2205. 
 KLUUECKIA. IXSKCTt; AFKECTIXG. 
 
 Jfectarciphora rndbeckia', 2205. 
 Siphonophobra rudbeckiw = Nectarophora 
 rudbeckia'. 
 Rue. Papilio asterias on, 1512. 
 
 worms, 1512. 
 liuiuex iuaects, 1165. 
 Russia. FJxcessive injury done by a beetle in, 
 
 1935. 
 Raat. GraiH Ai)his vs.. 1806. 
 
 and Hessian-tiy. Wheat, 160.5. 
 of orange, 2308. 
 
 Hubbard, H. G. Report on, 
 2291. 
 red social wasp, 1329, 1558. 
 Rustic. Corn, 1059. 
 Ruta grav-e(dens. Insecia on, 1512. 
 Rye. Beetle working in wheat, oat.s, and, 1259. 
 gall-;;uat, Loew, H. Description of, 2267. 
 
 RVE. IXSF.CTS AFFECTING. 
 
 Cecidoniyia secalina, 2207. 
 Silvanus surinamensis, ]2')9. 
 Tenebrio molitor, 72. 
 Rye. "Worms in flour and, 72. 
 Saek bearers, 1052. 
 
 Saddle-back caterpillars, 60, 161, 424, 829, 1092. 
 Sago. Galls growing on wild, 1347. 
 St. Louis Academy of Sciem-e. Presidential ad- 
 
 dres-s, 1564, 1629. 
 Sale of silk-worm eggs, 1908. 
 Salivary glands of Phylloxera, 1087. 
 Salis. Galls of Cecidoniyidai on, 46, 197. 
 nigra. Vanessa antioi)a on, 1609. 
 Salt and vinegar for insects, 937. 
 
 water insects tised as food, 2203, 
 Salutatorj-, 386. 
 
 Samia cecropia = Attacus cecropia. 
 Columbia = Attacus Columbia, 
 cynthia =: Attacus cynthia. 
 
 The ailantbus silk-worm, 1718. 
 Food-plants of, 2204. 
 ricini := Attacus ricini. 
 San Joaquin Valley, California. Coi|uiIlett, D. 
 
 W. Report on locusts of, 2363. 
 Sandy soil. The Phylloxera in, 2250. 
 Sannina exitiosa, 55, 587, 617, 871, 1017. 1059, 1070, 
 
 1475, 1513, 2238. 
 Saperda, 379, 9:{4, 2267. 
 
 bivittata = S. cantlida. 
 
 Oviposition of, 1621. 
 calcarata, 71, 903. 1849. 
 Candida, 2, 6, .55, 57.277,377,421,578,714. 
 870, 939. 962, 1023, 1038, 10.56, 1059, 
 121,3, 1227. 1.332, 1367, 1441,1.51.3, 
 1608, 1621, 1630, 2230, 2238, 2266. 
 lateralis. 583. 
 
 Sapenda. Vuriatiun in the two striped, 1213, 
 
 on willow, 2267. 
 Sarcophagn, 1390. 
 
 eamaria, 1390, U.iL', SM.i. 
 lineata di'Slructivn to locustH in Dar- 
 danelles, 2075. 
 sarraceniie n.yp., 1385, 1390,2343. 
 Sarcojdiagida', 2256. 
 Sarcoptes seabiei, 497. 
 Sarcopsylla penetrans, 412,497. 
 Sarraeeuia vari(dariH. Descrijition and natural 
 history of two insectii 
 which bravo the dan- 
 gers of, 1390. 
 Insectcatcliing habits of. 
 13a5. 1390. 
 Sarracenias, 1409. 
 .Satellite Sphinx, 1127. 
 Saturnia io — Hyperchiria io. 
 
 maia ^= Ileniilenca maia. 
 Sauce. Maggots in, 1607. 
 
 Savin twigs. Eggs of periodical (Mcada in, 698. 
 Saw-flies, 294. 
 
 Spruce-tree, 115. 
 Saw-fly. Ash, 2291. 
 eggs, 108. 
 Elm-tree, 699. 
 Gooseberry, 140. 
 
 Imported, 228, 333. 
 Grape, 2291. 
 Larch, 22.32. 
 Large, 1514. 
 
 larva' on the quince, 2243. 
 Plum, 2291. 
 Raspberry, 1212, 1641. 
 Strawberry, 241H. 
 Scab in apple m. ajuiletree ))]ant-li<'e, 1139. 
 
 potato, SM. 
 Scabby potatoes, 1444. 
 Scale on acacias. Large wiiite, 1730. 
 Cottony roaple, 1816, 2291. 
 on Euonymus lalifolia, 2403. 
 insect on majile, 1890. 
 
 Cottony, 1515. 
 Pine-loaf, 1329. 
 on raspberry, 1968. 
 Scale insects atleetiiig the onuige. Kxperiment« 
 on, 2161. 
 Co(|uilli'tt,D. W., gas treatment for. 
 
 2418. 
 Ex'pi-riments on, 2232. 
 Introduction unil spread of, 2232. 
 Koeliolc, A., experimentM ngainst, 
 
 2418. 
 on magnolia, 1377. 
 M.tliods of destroying, 2119. 
 N<-w Species of, 1919. 
 of the orange, 2119, 2309. 
 
 in Florida. Voyle, J., 
 repcirt on the i-flVcts 
 of cold, 2277. 
 Thii n»»! of gases ugaiusi, 2389 
 White-pine, 97. 
 Scales, 218. 
 
 Apple-tree, CD. 
 Scarites sublerrancns, 80.5. 
 
442 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Scarlet mite, 1470. 
 Scarred apple trees, 951. 
 
 Scavenger? Is Cyrtonoura a parasite or a, 2102. 
 mistaken for a foe, 416. 
 not a parasite. Pbora a, 1923. 
 Scelio ovivora, 1643. i 
 
 Scenopinus from human lungs. Larva of, 1348. | 
 sp., 2354. j 
 
 Schadlicherer Inseckten. Einige unserer, 1325. 
 Schizoneura americana n. sp., 1678. 
 coinicola, 27. 
 fungicola, 27. 
 lanigera, 58, 367, 372, 373, 467, 495, 963, 
 
 990, 997, 1038, 1059, 1187. 
 rileyi, 1059. 
 tessellata, 2301. 
 ulmi, 1059. 
 Sciapteron polistiformis, 373, 1301, 1509. 
 
 robinisp, 2410. 
 Sciara, 239, 596, 1547, 1662, 1950. 
 mali, 211. 
 ocellaris, 2119. 
 Scientific names, 101, 430, 826. 
 
 nomenclature, 303, 768. 
 symbols, 405. 
 Scolopendra castanipes, 834. 
 Scolytus carya n. «p., 220, 938 = S. 4-spino8U!J. 
 destructor, 938, 1329. 
 fagi 11. sp., 220. 
 Food-habits of, 1940. 
 Hickory, 1754. 
 Imported orchard, 2233. 
 pyri = Xyleborus pyri. 
 quadrispiuosus, 220, 938, 1329, 1401, 1754. 
 rugulosus, 1940, 2233. 
 Synoptic table of, 220. 
 Scorpion in Kansas, 1119. 
 Scorpions, 453. 
 Scotch and Austrian pines. False caterpillars on 
 
 the, 1011. 
 Scrape our trees ? Shall we, 1399. 
 Screw-worm, 209. 
 
 in Central America. Prevalcuce of 
 
 the, 2158. 
 its parentage in doubt, 1880. 
 Pyretbrum for the, 1921. 
 Scudderia curvicauda, 1363, 2241. 
 Sctirfy apple-bark louse, 2305. 
 Scymuus cervicalis, 1059. 
 l.Kmorrhous, 151. 
 sp., 151. 
 Scyphophorus yuccae, 1602. 
 
 Second report State entomologist of Missouri, 
 1127. 
 
 TJ. S. Entomological Commission, 
 1957. 
 Secretion on stems of bitter-sweet. White, waxy, 
 
 1913. 
 Seed corn maggot, 657, 1059, 1065. 
 
 grain. Chinch-bug not in, 888. 
 peas from bugs. To keep, 434. 
 ticks under bark of apple-trees, 1133. 
 weevil. Honey locust, 1026. 
 Seeds and galls. Jumping, 1496, 2163, 2173. 
 Segments in head of winged insects. Packard, A. 
 S. Number of, 2267. 
 
 Selandria cerasi = Eriocampa cerasi. 
 rosae =Monostegia rosaj. 
 rubi = Monophadnus rubi. 
 vitis =Blennocampa pygnia;a. 
 Self-taught entomologists, 276. 
 Semasia helianthana ti. sp., 1968. 
 
 prunivora n. sp., 373 =Grapholitha pru- 
 nivora. 
 Semiotellus chalcidipliagus n. sp., 384, 563. 
 
 destructor, 1581. 
 Send plenty of specimens, 592. 
 Senometopia atropivora, 2343. 
 
 militaris n.sp., 6. 
 Serica iricolor, 74. 
 
 vespertina, 1140. 
 Sericaria mori, 45, 542, 1311, 1346, 1609, 1616, 1648, 
 1718, 1721, 1724, 1753, 1945, 2062. 
 2234, 2381. 
 Length and weight of thread of, 
 1359, 
 Sericornis claypoleana n. sp)., 2114 ^ Stegano- 
 ptycha claypo'eana. 
 instnitana = Steganoptycha claypo- 
 leana. 
 Serrell automatic silk-reel. Walker, P., 2388. 
 Sesia pelasgus = Hemaris thysbe. 
 Seventeen-year Cicada, 1034, 1093, 1698, 2312, 2314. 
 in Iowa, 1737. 
 Periodical or, 2312, 2314. 
 Sting of the, 407. 
 locust, 370, 884, 1489, 1971, 1979. 
 or thirteen-year locust. Periodi- 
 cal Cicada, alias the, 1159. 
 Seventh report State entomologist of Missouri, 
 
 1423. 
 Severe cold on insects. Effects of, 2037. 
 Sex in butterflies. Controlling, 1352. 
 
 insects. Regulating, 1415. 
 Shad. Terrestrial insects in stomach of, 1853. 
 Shade trees and their insect defoliators, 2378, 
 
 2379. 
 Shaffer. Entomology. Prof. Riley to Dr., 2360. 
 Shagreened cut-worm, 2291. 
 Shall we scrape our trees, 1399. 
 Shedding of trachese. and double <n(M w \'\'t. 
 Sheep bot, 450. 
 
 fly, 2238. 
 gad-fly, 887. 
 Sheldon's borer remedy, 195. 
 Shell-bark hickory. Citheronia regalis on, 775. 
 Shimer, H., criticised by B. I). Walsh, 174. 
 Shrubs, fruit, and grains. Webster, F. M. Ex- 
 periments on the effectof pnntiireof Hemiptera 
 on, 2386. 
 SialidiC, 2267. 
 Sialis iufumata, 39. 
 Sigalphus Curculio parasite, 1301. 
 curculionis, 1751, 1795. 
 rufus 11. A-p., 1301 = var. of curculionis. 
 Silesia in 1869. Cohn, F. He.ssiau-fly in, 2267. 
 Silk-culture, 1668, 1753, 2119, 2291, 2363, 2394. 
 
 in California. Promotion of, 2000. 
 
 the colonies, 2278. 
 how to di.spose of cocoons, 1881. 
 in Kansas, 1542. 
 Profits of, 2338. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 443 
 
 Silk culture iu thu United States, 1668, 1945, 2070. 
 2196, 2336. 
 WalkiT, P.,24I8. 
 fiber from cocoous raised at tho Departniout. 
 
 McMurtrie, W. Test of, 2253. 
 industry iu the Uuited States (Review), 2268. 
 producer. Antheraea yama niaia as a, 1346. 
 reel. "Walker P. Serrell's automatic, 2386. 
 spiders, 830. 
 Silk-worm, 2095. 
 
 Ailanthns, 899. 1311. 
 breeding. 1648. 
 Cecropia, 1311. 
 Circular, 2303. 
 cocoons, 1-486. 
 eggs, 1114, 1753. 
 
 Japanese mode of packing, 1616. 
 prices and where obtained, 2062. 
 Sale of, 1908, 2303. 
 Length and weight of the thread of 
 
 the, 1359. 
 Luna, 1311.- 
 
 Manual of the, 1721, 1724. 
 in Missouri. Ailanthus, 1460. 
 Mulberry, 1311. 
 naturalized. Ailanthus, 1179. 
 notes, 2232. 
 
 Osage orange for the mulberry, 1220, 
 1286. 
 vs. mulberry for the, 
 2234. 
 Perny, 1311. 
 Silk-worm. Polyphemus, 1311. 
 Promethea, 1311. 
 • Tus.seh, 1311. 
 Taniamai, 1311. 
 Silk- worms fed with osage orange, 1341. 
 Food for, 1318. 
 
 Nomenclature of American, 303. 
 Silky mite, 1423, 1625. 
 Silpha americana, 817, 1226. 
 
 peltata ^^ S. americana. 
 surinamensis, 1259, 1260, 1261. 
 Silphurus femoratus, 39. 
 Silvanns. Grain, 1259. 
 
 in dried English currants, 1260. 
 in flouring-mills, 1201. 
 Silver plate by insects. Damage to, 2154. 
 Sinmlium, 1160, 2291, 2416. 
 
 attacking mules, 1811. 
 feeding on other insects, 2177. 
 from Lake Superior, 20'i2. 
 nieridionale n. up., 2394. 
 molcstum. 1174. 
 pecuarum n. sp.. 2394. 
 pittipes. 1958, 2032. 
 piscidium n.n/i.. 1174. 1283, 1345. 
 Sinea diadema, 34, 638, 731. 
 Singular caterpillar, 880. 
 Sinoxylon basilare. 1311,1747. 
 
 Red shouldered, 1311. 
 Siphonopbora, 1678. 
 
 avena- — N.ectaropbora granaria. 
 radbeckiai = Nectarophora nid 
 beckiie. 
 Sitaris, 1600, 1643. 
 
 ' Sitones rtavesceuH, 23!)4. 
 Sitophilus grauariuH = Calaudra granaria. 
 oryzii- — Calaudra oryza'. 
 remotepunctata — Calaudra remot«- 
 . punctata. 
 
 Six worst iu.soct oni'iuiis of fruit-growtra in 
 
 northern Illinois, 377. 
 Sixth report State entomologist of Miasouri, 1303. 
 Skeletouizer. Apple-loaf, 1311, 1322. 
 Skipper. Cheese, 1700. 
 Skippers injuring smoked ham, 1734. 
 Slug on pear and cherry-trees, 1222. 
 Pear-tree, 1382. 
 Rose, 672, 1780. 
 
 wonu. Sjuned, 1150. , 
 
 Small apple-leaf worm, 747. 
 
 l)orer in apple-twig, 1458. 
 galls and minings in apple-twigs, 552. 
 grains. A new leaf-hopper injurious to, 
 1767. 
 and grasses. Webster, F. ^(. In- 
 sects afl'ecting. 2394. 
 reddish snout beetli- iu applr, 1244. 
 white bristly cut-worm, 1059. 
 Smallei cornstalk borer, 2119. 
 Smart bugs. Concerning certain, 565. 
 Smeared dagger, 1301. 
 Smeriuthus. Blind-eyed, 1912. 
 excsecatu.s, 1912. 
 Smicra albifrons, 6. 
 Smilax. Agrotis saucia injuring, 1941. 
 
 injured by cut-worms, 1941. 
 Suiilia auriculata. 118;'.. 
 Smith, E. A. The cotton belt, 2343. 
 Smith, J. B. Report upon cranberry and hop in 
 sects, 2277. 
 Report upon insects affecting the 
 hop and the cranberry, 2291. 
 Smith s patent Curculio-trap, 969. 
 Smoked hams. Skippers injuring, 17.'}4. 
 Smut in wheat, 1479. 
 
 Cau.se of, 1461. 
 Snake of Brazil. Ligni lied, 2136. 
 
 worms, 1547. 
 Snakes. Hair. 612, 861, 1143. 
 
 Horse hair, 612. 
 Snellen von Vollenhoven. Obituary, 1817. 
 Snout beetle, 700. 1168, 1302. 
 
 on apple. Small reddiah, 1244. 
 Imbricated. 1301,2291. 
 Large gray straight liorue<l, 1031 
 beetles injurious to fruits, 1302. 
 Snow-balls. Aphiiiida- on, 1184. 
 Lice on, 1184. 
 flea.s, 608. 
 Snowy tree-cricket, 1059, 1329, 2238, 2291. 
 
 in raspberry ranen. Kggn of, 
 1122. 
 So-called army-womis. Three, 328. 
 
 web-womi of young trout, 1283. 
 Soap. Apply, 1367. 
 
 against bort-rs. 47. 
 Social wan].. Rust red, 1329, 15.S9. 
 Social wiLips, 616. 
 Slid worm, 2418. 
 .Soft maples. Mat-heade*! Imrer in, 12.'>0. 
 
444 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Soil. The Phylloxera in sandy, 2250. 
 
 Soils. Effects of Paris green on, 1427 
 
 Solanaceie insects, 1238. 
 
 Solanum carolinense. Cassida texana on, 2096. 
 
 Doryphora.juncta oc, 2096. 
 elseagnifolium. Cassida texana on, 2096. 
 riea-l)eetle eating, 1782. 
 insects, 1238. 
 
 melongena. Cassida texanaon, 2215, 2235. 
 Doryphora .iuncta on, 2096, 
 2215, 2235. 
 Solar physics and locust mnltiplication and mi- 
 gration. Swinton, A. H., 2267. 
 Soldier-teetle larvae, 1643. 
 
 Pennsylvania, 1059. 
 bng, 1558, 2291. 
 
 Bordered, 1059. 
 Glassy-winged, 1301. 
 EaiJacious, 1059. 
 Ring-banded, 1311. 
 Rpined, 456, 1059, 1311, 1329, 1523. 
 Solenobia, 38, 943.- 
 Solenopsis geminata, 2105. 
 
 xylonii ^= S. geminata. 
 Solidago. Aphid on, 220.5. 
 gall moth, 1059f. 
 
 Grapholithaolivaceana bred from, 2285. 
 leaves. Galls on, 1924. 
 neraoralis. Cecidomyia carbonifera on, 
 1924. 
 Song notes of the periodical Cicada, 2334. 
 Sorghum. Nola sorghiella on, 2119. 
 Sorghum web-worra, 2119. 
 
 Sound organs in sphingid pupse. Probable, 2101. 
 South America. Report on cotton crop and its 
 enemies in, 2343. 
 American lepidoptera. Notes on, 1784. 
 Entomologica"! ignorance in the, 390. 
 Field for the entomologist in the, 1109. 
 Frnit-culture in the, 2265. 
 The imported cabbage- worm in the, 1714. 
 Muscle-shape hark -louse on apple trees in 
 
 the, 1774. 
 Notes from the, 1657. 
 Paas, 111. The bag-worm at, 11 56. 
 side of trees. Apple-tree borers on, 634. 
 west. Economic investigations in the, 1864. 
 Southern buffalo-gnat, 2291, 2394, 2418. 
 
 cabbage-butterfly, 1127, 2232, 2238. 
 grass- worm, 1127. 
 
 Illinois. Entomological tour in, 372. 
 Sowing cotton seeds in hot-beds, 1772. 
 Spain. Phylloxera congress in, 1906. 
 Span-worms. Gooseberry, 1068, 1570. 
 Sparrow. Anent the English, 1667. 
 
 as an insect killer. Worthlessness of 
 the, 2413. 
 Spathius trifasciatus n. sp., 1329. 
 Spattered-copi)er underwing, 1301. 
 Spearman. Larva of the ten-striped, 866. 
 
 Ten-striped, 32. 
 Species. Geographical range of, 1614. 
 Old question of, 2201. 
 of Otiorhynchidai injurious to cultiva- 
 ted plants, 2117. 
 Phytophagic, 45, 50. 
 
 I Species. Theory of, 384. 
 Specific for the Colorado potato beetle, 1490. 
 names. Capitalizing, 2170, 2257. 
 I value of Apatiira aliciiie, 1977. 
 
 I Specimens lost, 1210. 
 j Send plenty of, 593. 
 
 I Speckled cut-worm, 1059, 2291. 
 
 Specters. Walking-sticks or, 1395. 
 I Spectrum bivittatum, 1298. 
 
 femoratum = Diapheromera femorata. 
 Speculations of the New England school of nat- 
 uralists. Entomological, 44. 
 Professor Dana and his entomolog- 
 ical, 82. 
 Spermophagus robinise, 1020, 1474. ■ 
 Sphicria morbosa, 930. 
 Sphaerophthalma occidentalis, 814, 832, 858. 
 Sphecida'. Table of genera of, 375. 
 Sphecins specio.sus, 371, 372, 407, 543, 858, 2014. 
 Sphenoi)hori that attack corn. Larval habits of, 
 
 2030. 
 Sphenophorus. Cocklebur, 1301. 
 Corn. 1301. 
 Grain, 2303, 2394. 
 parvulus, 2394. 
 robustus, 2030, 2119. 
 sculptilis, 337, 1042, 1301. 
 zeic n. sp., 337 =: S. sculptilis. 
 Sphex ichneumonea, 543. 
 Sphida obliquata. 2357. 
 Sphingicampa n. g., 40. 
 
 bicolor, 40, 45. 
 Sphingicampa di.stigma n. sp., 40 = S. bicolor. 
 Sphingid pupa. Probable soiind organ in, 2101. . 
 Sphingidas 771, 1089, 1277, 1418, 1419, \l<n, 1784,2101. 
 Sphinx. Abbot, 1127, 1248, 1277. 
 Achemon, 1127. 
 atropos, 2101. 
 
 Carolina = Protoparce Carolina, 
 catalpa- =: Ceratomia catalpse. 
 hageni ^ Ceratomia hageni. 
 Larva of Abbot, 1248, 1277. 
 
 Aquatic, 1951. 
 Osage orange, 2119. 
 5maculata ^ Protoparce celeus. 
 Satellite. 1127. 
 
 White-lined morning, 630, 1198,1301,1643, 
 2291. 
 Sphyracephala brevicornis, 299. 
 Spider egg-nest. Mud- wasp and, 1847. 
 
 Egg sacks of some unknown, 1144. 
 Ladder, 1299. 
 and nest, 1869. 
 Poisonous, 2306. 
 Red, 1146, 1225, 1710. 
 on roses. Red, 1710. 
 Wort owlet-moth, 1301. 
 Spiders, 217. 
 
 Grape leaf-folders eaten by, 468. 
 Jumping, 2302. 
 Silk, 830. 
 
 Trees injured by, 2409. 
 Si'ilochalcis niarise, 1112. 
 Spilonota oculana ;= Tmetocera ocellana 
 Spilosoma acraja, 2343. 
 
 virginica, 296, 454. 1202, 1307. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 445 
 
 Spimlle-worms, 331. 
 Spined sluK-wi>rni. 1150. 
 
 aolilier-bnjr. -456, 1059, lUll, 1329, l.VJS. 
 spiiltT. 813. 
 Spirobohisniirsinatus, 16C, 963, 1025. 
 SpittU' ius(H't,93. 
 Spotted lady bird, 599. 
 Pelidnota, 1301. 
 rove-beetle, 1123. 
 
 tonch-iuo-not. Cecidoniyia iiupatientis 
 on, 852. 
 Calls on, 852. 
 mnipet-li'af. Insects a.ssociated with, 
 1385, 1390. 
 Spraying trees forprotei-tion against insects. Ira 
 
 proved method of. 2211. 
 Spread of Pieris rapa- into Alabama, 1720. 
 
 scale insects. Introduction and, 2232. 
 Spring canker-worm, 1423, 1482. 2238. 
 
 Howell, M. A. Experience 
 with, 2267. 
 Locu.-*t injury next, 1555. 
 tails, 317. 
 Sprinklers and atomizers, 1857. 
 Spr\Ke-bortr. Flat-headed, 2267. 
 bud. Tortrix, 2232. 
 
 worm. Reddish yellow, 2291. 
 Epizeuxis. 2303. 
 Spkice. Insects affectixc;. 
 Eftizeuxis, 2363. 
 Lopliyrns abietis, 115. 
 Melanophila, 2267. 
 Nematus integer, 2232. 
 Plume moth. 2303. 
 Therina. 2363. 
 Tortrix fumiferana, 2332. 
 Spruce. Xematus, 2232. 
 
 plume-moth, 2363. 
 Therina, 2363. 
 tree sawfiies, 115. 
 Squares. Butterfly larva- injurious to cotton, 1872. 
 Squash-borer, 378, 1127. 
 
 bug, 409, 867, 1059, 
 
 does not touch the white bush scol- 
 lop, 825. 
 GloTified, 262. 
 SyUA.sii. Insects affectixc;. 
 Anasa tristis. 409, 82.'^. 
 Corens tristis = Ana.sa tristis. 
 Diabrotica vittata, 355. 
 Epilachna boreali.s, 125. 
 Melitiia <eto, 125, 248, 378. 
 Trochilinni cucurbita- = Melittia coto. 
 Sqnash-vine borer. 248. 
 
 insects, 125, 355. 
 Squirrel-bot, 526. 
 Stag-beetle, 9.57, 1517. 
 
 Horns of the, 755. 
 Stalk-borer, 1558, 159.5, 1646, 2291. 
 Bahlia, 862. 1009. 
 
 and aster, 940. 
 Rice, 2119. 
 Tomato, 694, 976. 
 weevil. Potato. 1558. 
 Staphylinida' wanted. American, 1786, 
 Staphylinns maculosus, 1 123, 1186. 
 
 State entomologigt of IllinoiH, :i27. 
 
 fur MiniieMota, llOK. 
 New Vork. 1H0.1. 
 One day '.H journal of a, 383. 
 Status and future ]>rospectH of Hillvculturo in the 
 
 United States, 2330. 
 Steele, J. P., report on cotton insects, 2343. 
 Steganoptvchii claypoleana ;i.*p.,2206. 
 Stick-bug, 448. 
 
 Stictonotus isoson\atis n. up., 2119. 
 Still they con)e, 908. 
 Sting? Do locusts. 371. 
 
 of the seventeen-year, 407_ 
 Stinging bug, 778. 
 
 caterpillars, 1748. 
 larvie,760,811,13J9. 
 Stings of bees, 110. 
 
 in.sect.s, 110, 217. 
 Stiretms anchorago. 372. 
 
 fimbriatus :^ S. anchorage*. 
 Stizus brovlpennis n.iip., 375 i= Megastizus brevi- 
 pennis. 
 grandis = Spliecins speciosua. 
 speciosus =: Sphecins speciosua. 
 Stock. Insect injurious to live, 2238. 
 Stomach of black-ba.ss. Larv.-e in, 1792. 
 
 blue-bird. Ichneumon in, 1878. 
 
 LarviP from, 1871. 
 cat-bird. Tipula eggs in, 17.35, 1745. 
 lark, robin, and sun-flsh. Insect from, 
 
 1926. 
 meadow-lark. Beetles in, 1013. 
 robin. Cut- worms from, 1873. 
 rock-bass. lu.sects from, 1793. 
 shad. Terrestrial in.sects in, 1853. 
 Stomoxys calcitrans, 864. 
 Stored corn. Serious injury to, 1083. 
 rice. Icsects allecting, 2190. 
 Strachla hisirionica = jMurgantia histrionica. 
 Straight-homed snout-beetle. Large gray, 1033 
 Strange bug, 1078. 
 
 Strawjcrry l)eda. White-grub in, 1230. 
 boiers, 2385. 
 bugs. 637. 
 crown-borer, 1301. 
 
 Notes on, 1393. 
 destroyer. 089. 
 Eggs of bugs on, 090. 
 enemy, 342. 
 
 and grape-vines. Injured, 682. 
 Strawiif.kkv. Ixsect.s akfecti.no. 
 .Egeria imiiropria, 2385. 
 Agrotis tiico.sa, 2321. 
 Anarsia liueatella. 2235. 
 Anchylopera fragaria- —- Phoxoptiris fraga- 
 
 risp. 
 Anthonomus musculus, 2303 
 Capsus obliueatus - Lygus pratensis. 
 Cbrysomeliila-, 2235. 
 Coiaspis tiavida, lOOt. 
 Corimelana pulirariii, 637. 
 Cvclocephala immaculata, 1238. 
 Eccopsis permundana, 2324. 
 EmphytuB maculatus — Harpiphonis macula- 
 
 tus. 
 Graphops, 2229. 
 
446 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Strawberry. Insects affecting— Continued. 
 Harpiphonia macnlatus, 499, 955, 964,1570,1586, 
 
 2324. 
 Julus sp., 834. 
 Lygus pratensis, 682, 2235. 
 Monostegia rosaj, 984. 
 Myriapod, 2235. 
 Paria aterrima, 1004, 2229. 
 
 Phoxopteris fiagarite, 499, 984, 1059, 1574, 2324. 
 Polydesmus serratus, 342. 
 
 8p.,834. 
 Saw-fly, 2418. 
 
 SelaaJria rosae == Monostegia rosae. 
 Tyloderma fragariBe, 1301, 1393. 
 Strawberry leaf-ioller, 984, 10.59, 1574. 
 A new enemy to, 1904. 
 Pests of the, 2324. 
 saw-fly, 2418. 
 weevil, 23C3. 
 worm, 955, 965, 1570. 
 
 and remedy, 1586. 
 worm, 499. 
 Streaked cottonwood leaf-beetle, 2291. 
 Striped-beetle, 2291. 
 
 blister-beetle, 1059, 1230, 1558. 
 bng, 123, 175. 
 cucnraber-beeile, 773, 1127, 2238. 
 
 bug, 148. 
 flea-beetle, 2291. 
 Sturnella magna. Contents of the stomach of, 1013. 
 Subaugular ground beetle, 1059. 
 Subscribers. To our, 1106. 
 Subterranean mites. Description of new, 1370. 
 Successful management of the most destructive 
 
 orange insects, 2088. 
 Successor. Mr. Walsh's, 1105. 
 Sucking organs of bees, wasps, and flies, 2182. 
 Sugar-berry. Leaf-galls and caterpillars, 762. 
 Orgyia leucostigma on, 762. 
 cane in Brazil ; Branner, J. C. Insects in- 
 jurious to, 2277. 
 Sugar c.4.xe. Insect affecting. 
 
 Ligyrus rugiceps, 1704. 
 Sugar-maple. Beetle in, 1014. 
 borer. 2291. 
 Eggs on, 350. 
 Mite gall on, 1265. 
 tree-borer, 547. 
 
 SlGAR-TREE. INSECTS AFFECTING. 
 
 Arhopalus speciosus =:PlagionotU8 speciosus. 
 Plagionotus speciosus, 547. 
 Sugaring for moths, 1300. 
 
 Xatural, 2138. 
 Sulphur cure on peach trees, 176. 
 
 in trees, 98, 228, 931, 1154, 1383. 
 Sumach-beetle. Jumping, 1363. 
 
 Eggs in, 118. 
 Sumach. Insects affecting. 
 Blepharida rhois, 1363. 
 Coccid, 320. 
 
 Orchelimum sp., 118. • 
 
 Xiphidium sp., 118. 
 Summer. Anticipated locust injury next, 1615. 
 dormancy of butterfly larvse, 1410. 
 
 larva of Phyciodea nyc- 
 teis, 1410. 
 
 Sunfish. Insects from stomach of, 1926. 
 Suuspots and insect life, 2094. 
 Supposed army -worm in Xew York and the east- 
 em States, 1990. 
 bark-lice eggs in Missouri, 1084. 
 cause of yellows in peach trees, 515. 
 dock. Galls on, 1165. 
 eggs of the preying Mantis, 1002. 
 hibernating Aletia chrysalids, 1927. 
 trout enemy, 1141. 
 Swallow-tail. Larva of thoas, 1237. 
 Philenor, 1127. 
 Thoas, 1268. 
 Swallows, 878, 1502. 
 
 Dipterous larva on, 153. 
 Swarms of butterflies, 406, 1050, 
 lady-birds, 824. 
 minute flies in rooms, 596. 
 that devastate the trans-Miasissippi 
 country. Locust, 1674. 
 Sweet-potato beetles, 681, 1510, 1697. 
 Sweet-potato. Insects affecting. 
 Cassida bivittata 681, 1127, 1510. 
 nigripes, 1127, 1510, 1697, 
 sp., 94. 
 Casaididie, 993, 1056, 1082, 1127, 1510. 
 Coptocycla aurichalcea, 681, 1127, 1510. 
 
 bivittata = Cassida bivittata. 
 guttata, 1127, 1510. 
 nigripes = Cassida nigripes. 
 Gryllus .sp., 2384. 
 SweUings in apple scions, 548. 
 
 roots of Ampelopsis, 1428. 
 Swinton, A. H., Solar physics and locust multipli- 
 cation and migration, 2267. 
 Switzerland. Extermination and restriction of 
 
 Pliylloxerain, 2207. 
 Sycamore. Insects affecting. 
 Cerambycid, 2267. 
 Lachnus platanicola, 2138. 
 Symbols. Scientific, 405. 
 Synchlora rubivoraria, 721, 1059. 
 Synergus albipes = S. lana. 
 lana, 41. 
 lignicola, 41. 
 mendax n. sp., 41. 
 
 rhoditiformis n. gp. 41 = S. lignicola. 
 Synonyms of parasites, 1932. 
 Synophrus albipes n. sp. = Synergus lana. 
 Synopsisof North American HeliothjnaB (Review), 
 
 2178. 
 Syntomeida sp., 2412. 
 
 Syringa. Citheronia regalis feeding on, 803. 
 Syrphidae. Larval habits of, 168. 
 Syrphus-fly. Eoot-louse, 1059. 
 mellinus, 1813. 
 sp., 1251, 1798. 
 
 caught by flower of Bidens chrysan- 
 tbemoides. 1761. 
 Systematic position of the Orthoptera. Packard, 
 A. S., 2267. 
 relations of Platypsyllua as deter- 
 mined by the larva, 2417. 
 Systtechus leucophaeus, 2355. 
 
 oreas, 1541, 1947, 1959, 2002. 
 Taliauus atratus, 1127. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 447 
 
 Tabanus, sp., 40. 
 
 Table. On our, 395, 408, 506, 546, 568. 623, 827, 
 
 1110. 
 Tachina aletia- n. »p., 1712, 2343. 
 anonyma n. gp., 1311. 
 archippivoia n.«p., 1301 =Maaicora ar- 
 
 chippivora. 
 concinnata, 2343. 
 flies, 1643, 173C. 
 fly, 1558. 
 
 Anonymous, 1423, 1625. 
 Cecropia, 1311. 
 Red-tailed, 1127. 
 Yellow-tailed, 1127, 1625. 
 fraterna, 2343. 
 phycitae, 1311. 
 8p., 2378. 
 villica, 2343. 
 Tachinid eggs, 1914. 
 Tachinida?, 66, 1301. 
 Ta}r!iopteryx fasciata, 249. 
 Tamarack. Pieris tueuapia feeding on, 2121. 
 Tamariscns. Xanodca tamarisci on, 1496. 
 Tansy for borers, 1016. 
 Tarantula killer. Notes on the, 823. 
 of Texas. 466, 521, 1178. 
 again, 493. 
 Tamished plant-bug, 1127, 1219,2291,2363. 
 Tarred paper for fruit trees, 1568. 
 Tat. Tit for, 432. 
 Tawncy emperor, 1363. 
 Tea roses. Failure of 1708. 
 
 Telea polyphemus. 244, 542, 629, 635. 841, 1164, 1311. 
 Caterpillar of 765. 
 Cocoons of, 2181. 
 TeleuomuH, 2115. 
 
 bifidus, 2378, 2394. 
 Telephorid*, 374. 
 Telephorus bilineatus, 1311, 18S5. 
 Temnochila viresceus = Trogosita virescens. 
 Ten-lined potato beetle, 925. 
 striped spearman. 32. 
 
 Larvae of 866. 
 Tenacity of life, 1755. 
 Tenebrio molitor, 72, 191, 980. 2167. 
 
 obsenrus, 191, 216'.. 
 Tenebrionidff', 210,5. 
 Tent caterpillar. 642. 
 
 of the apple tree, 336, 1301, 2238, 
 
 2291. 
 Eggs of the American, 1329. 
 of the forest, 645, 688, 1181. 1200 
 1301, 1331. 
 caterpillars. 363. 
 
 and fall web-worms, 819. 
 Tentbredinids, 197. 294. 
 
 Descriptions of new, 385. 
 Larva; of, 108. 
 Tenthredo. Venation of 197. 
 Teras Cinderella. 1311. 
 malivorana. 1311. 
 AVillow. 2363. 
 Terias, 1711. 
 Termes. 2267. 
 
 Uaripes, 1620. 1729. 
 Terrestrial larvae in stomach ot shad, 1853. 
 
 Teat of machinery for destroying the cotton- 
 
 worni. Barnard, VV. S., 2253. 
 Teats of .silk-llhcr from cocoons raised at the De- 
 partment. McMurtrie, W.. 22.53. 
 TetranycbuH americaniis. 1326. 
 irritans, 1320. 
 telarlus, 1140, 1225, 1710. 
 
 Means against, 508. 
 Tetraopes femoratus, 323. 
 
 5-nia('iilatus, 1140. 
 tetra(>)>hthalm\is, 323. 
 tornator :i: T. tetraophtbalmua. 
 Tetrastichns esnrus, 1712, 2343. 
 
 ]>roductus )t. «p., 2332. 
 Tettigonia coaguluta, 1024. 
 sp., 951. 
 
 vitis = Typhlocyba vitis. 
 Tettigonida;, 452. 
 Tettix granulata, 1566. 
 Texas again. Tarantula of 493. 
 fever. Ticks and, 404. 
 
 in 1883. Anderson, iC. H. Cotton-worm in 
 south, 2253. 
 spring of 1886. Bruner. L. Locasts in, 
 2382. 
 Tarantula of, 466, 521, 1178. 
 Thalessa, 2286. 
 
 atrata, 338, 477. 
 lunator, 1111, 1126,2350. 
 Thecla poeas, 1872. 
 
 Thelaxes ulmicola = Colopha nlmicola. 
 Tlielia bimaculata, 787. 
 Theory. Plug-ugly, 233. 
 
 wanted. New locust, 1532. 
 Theridula sphierula, 2343. 
 Therina. Pine, 2363. 
 
 Spruce, 2303. 
 Thersilochus conotracheli n.Kp., 1301, 1751. 
 Thick-thiglu-d walking-stick. 1701. 1721. 
 Third report State entomologist of Missouri. 1301. 
 U. S. Entomological Commission. 
 2267. 
 Thirteen-year locust. The periodical Cicada alias 
 
 the sevenioen-year and the, 1159. 
 Thistle. Beetles on, 169. 
 Thistle. I.nsixt.s AKFErriNo. 
 Diabrotica longicornii', 168. 
 Phyllobrotiia longicornis — Diabrotica longi- 
 
 comis. 
 Platyptilus cardnidactylus, 1059. 
 Thistle-plume. 1059. 
 Thoas swallow-tail, 1268. 
 
 Larvaof the, 1237. 
 
 TllOICN. ISSK( T.S AKKRCTINO. 
 
 AnthonomuH crata.>gi, 376. 
 Cecidomyid. 370. 
 Thorn-leaf gall. Mr. Couper's, 376. 
 Those centennial in-sects, 1511. 
 Thousand-legged worm, 193, 236, 261, 834. 1026. 
 Threebauded Spathius, i:»29. 
 
 lined l.af beetle. 1059. 1.558. 
 so-called army-worms, 328. 
 worms and their work, 1.504. 
 Thrips, 1127, 2362. 
 
 Food-habits of, 53, 289, 685. 
 sp.. 203. 
 
448 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Thrips. True and bogus, 203. 
 
 of the vine-grower, 53. 
 Tlirushea. Food-habits of, 1726. 
 Thyreus abbotii, 763, 1018, 1118, 1127, 1248, 1277. 
 Thyridopteryx ephemenefoimis, 182, 200, 260, 271, 
 427, 538, C29, 641, 738, 815, 1036, 1059, 1000,1156,1189, 
 1352, 1424, 1472, 1650, 1658, 2272, 2378, 2370. 
 Thyridopteryx ephemersBformis. Remarks on, 
 
 2272. » 
 
 Thysania zeuobia, 1291. 
 Thj'sanoptera, 174. 
 Thysanura, 2267. 
 Tibicen cassinii, 1057, 2367. 
 
 septendecim, 51, 189, 213, 370, 407, 474, 527, 
 618, 619, 648, 698, 707, 740, 884, 920, 1034, 
 1037, 1057, 1059, 1093, 1159, 1311, 1489, 1609, 
 1624, 1698, 1737, 1809, 1836, 1971, 1979, 1994, 
 2014, 2112, 2144, 2216, 2305, 2307, 2312, 2314, 
 2315, 2318, 2320, 2321, 2329, 2334, 2363, 2367. 
 tredecim, 474, 746, 1034, 1057,1159,1609,1624, 
 1809, 1836, 1 979, 1994, 1997, 2014, 2112, 2307, 
 2312, 2329, 2367. 
 Ticks under bark of apple-trees. Seed, 1133. 
 
 and Texas fever, 404. 
 Tiger beetle. Common, 1763. 
 larva, 719. 
 Virginia, 1059. 
 beetles, 028, 1643. 
 
 moth. Chrysalis of the virgin, 674. 
 Isabella, 1311. 
 Tilden tomato and tobaoco-worm, 933. 
 Tile-horned Prionua, 1127. 
 Tilia gall, 1116. 
 
 Odontota rubra on, 1849. 
 Timber borers, 191. 
 
 encourages apple-tree boreis, 1441. 
 Insect in, 918. 
 Timothy. Insects affecting. 
 Hadena devastatris, 2394. 
 Sphcnophorus parvulus, 2394. 
 Timothy : "Webster, F. il. Insects affecting, 2394. 
 Tinea, 1633. 
 Tineid. Apple-tree, 77, 92. 
 
 genus allied to Prouuba. A new, 1830. 
 Tineida?, 70. 
 
 New genus of, 1329, 1336. 
 Tineids in bee-hives, 252. 
 
 Fossil, i084. 
 Tineina, 1240. 
 
 Tingis amorphas n. sp., 45 = Gargaphia amorpha?. 
 ciliata = Corythuca ciliala. 
 tiliiB n. sp., 45 := Gargaphia tilia-. 
 Tiphia femorata, 1363. 
 
 inornata, 1363, 2301. 
 and Rhipiphorus, 2351. 
 Unadorned, 1363. 
 Tipula, 947, 1161, 1278, 1368. 
 
 eggs in stomach of cat-bird, 1735, 1745. 
 sp., 512. 
 
 trivittata, 512, 1735. 
 Tit for tat, 432. 
 Tmetocera ocellana, 747. 
 Toads, 217, 262. 
 
 eat worker bees ? Do, 544. 
 in gardens, 822. 
 vs. bugs, 1103.* 
 
 Tobacco. Insects affecting. 
 Crepidodera cucumeris, 1782. 
 
 parvula, 1782. 
 Epitrix cucumeris = Crepidodera cucumeris. 
 
 hirtipennis = Crepidodera parvula. 
 Gryllus sp., 2384. 
 
 Macrosila Carolina == Protoparce Carolina. 
 5-maculata=Protoparce celens. 
 Protoparce Carolina, 131, 933, li:02, 2238. 
 
 celeus, 131, 771, 885, 933, 1329. 
 Sphinx Carolina = Protoparce Carolina. 
 5-maculata = Protoparce celeus. 
 Tobacco moth, 131. 
 
 plants. Flea beetles on young, 1782. 
 worm, 885, 2238. 
 
 moth, 1059. 
 
 Counterworking the, 1329. 
 Tilden tomato and the, 933. 
 Tolype velleda, 972, 1773. 
 Tomato feeding worm, 850. 
 fruit worm, 1136. 
 gall. Grape-vine, 1329. 
 Tomato. Insects affecting. 
 Doryphora 10-lineata, 21. 
 Gortyna nitela, 694, 734, 976. 
 Ileliothis armigera, 1136. 
 Prodcnia commelLna;, 850. 
 Protoparce Carolina, 933, 1089. 
 
 celeus, 152, 155, 933, 1089, 1661. 
 Sphinx 5-maculata = Protoparce celeus. 
 Tomato .stalk borer, C94, 976. 
 
 and the tobacco worm. Tilden, 933. 
 worm, 152, 1059, 1558, 1661. 
 
 again, 1104. 
 Worm eating into green, 734. 
 worm. Parasitized, 155. 
 
 That venomous, 1089. 
 worms not poisonous, 771. 
 Tomicus pu.-iillus = Pityophthorus minutissimus. 
 ramulorum = Pityophthorus microgra- 
 phus. 
 Tongue. Butterfly's, 1815. 
 
 Humming-bird moths caught by the, 
 
 1388. 
 Moths and butterflies caught by the, 
 1701. 
 Too fond of honey, 764. 
 Toothed Dermestes, 2363. ■ 
 Torrubia, 1064. 
 
 elongata, 1430, 1436. 
 ravenelii, 1803, 1823. 
 Tortoise beetle. Black -legged, 1127. 
 Clubbed, 1227, 1558. 
 Golden, 1127. 
 Larva of clubbed, 1238. 
 Mottled, 1127. 
 Pale thighed, 1127. 
 beetles, 105, 767. 1082, 1127. 
 Tortricid. A pretty nfew gall-making, 2176. 
 Tortricidffi, 918, 1975. 
 
 Description of new, 19G9. 
 Oviposition of, 1922. 
 Tortrix Cinderella n. ."p., 1311 = Tera.s Cinderella, 
 fractivittana =^ Cacoecia fractivittana. 
 fumiferana, 2232. 
 rileyana = Caccecia rileyana. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 449 
 
 Tortrix. Spnice Imd, 2232. 
 
 AValnnt, 1059. 
 Touch-nieuot, Ceciiloiuyia impatientis on Hpot- 
 ted, 852. 
 Galls ou spotted, 852. 
 TracheiC ami double cot'oons. Shedding of, 1715. 
 Trade in insects. 1986. 
 Tragidion fiilvipenne. 490. 
 Tragoceplialii viridifasciata= Chortophaga viridi- 
 
 fasciata. 
 Transformations of insects, 528. 
 Mite, 1618. 
 of red mites, 1632. 
 
 the tumble bug, 1386. 
 Trap. Thomas Wiiers's apidc-worm, 1312. 
 Trapping tlie carpet beetle, 1752. 
 Treat's insect extinguisher (Review), .')31. 
 Tree borers of the family Cossidje. Bailey, J. S., 
 2253. 
 cricket, 251, 953, 9G1, 999. 
 
 ou grape vines. Eggs of, 723. 
 Grapes cut otf by, 414. 
 Habits of, 207. 
 Jumping, 1329. 
 
 in raspberry canes. Eggs of, 1006. 
 Snowy, 2238. 
 Snowy, 1329, 2291. 
 cut-worms, 229, 281. 
 hopper. Buflalo, 415, 1329. 
 
 injurious to potatoes. Buffalo, 
 2107. 
 Trees. Apple-tree borers of the south side of, 634. 
 injured by spiders, 2409. 
 for protection against insects. Improved 
 
 method of spraying, 2211. 
 Shall wo scrape our, 1399. 
 Tn-mex columba, 458, 928, 1126, 2286. 
 
 Pigeon, 458, 1126. 
 Trenton, N. J. Bennett, T. Report of experi- 
 ments at, 2344. 
 Trichius delta, 372. 
 
 Trichobaris trinotata, 401, 1059, 1558, 2172. 
 Trichodectes ovis, 2043. 
 Tricbogramma minutnm n. gp., 1301. 
 
 pretiosa n. »;x. 1712, 2115. 2343. 
 Trichopsenius depressus, 1729. 
 Trichoptera. 2267. 
 Trifolinm insects, 1459. 
 Trimble's insect enemies of fruit, etc. (Review). 
 
 187. 
 Trimerotropis creruleipcs n. gp., 1959. 
 latifasciata n.gp., 1959. 
 similis n. gp., 1959. 
 Triodites, 1947. 
 
 mus, 1959, 2002. 
 Trioza tripunctata, 669. 
 Triphleps insidiosns, 1853, 2048. 
 Triplax thoracica = Tritoma thoracica. • 
 
 Tritoma thoracica, 114. 
 Tritoxa flexa. 225. 
 Triunguliu of Meloidae, 2083. 
 Trochilium acericolnm =^geria acemL 
 acerni =: -Egeria acerni. 
 caudatum =: Alcathie caudatum. 
 cucnrbitre = Melirtia ceto. 
 denndatum ^ Fatua denudata. 
 29 ENT 
 
 Trocliiliiini liospos, 197. 
 sp., 1003. 
 
 tipuliformis — .Algeria lipuliforniiii. 
 Trogmlemia tar.salc, 2167. 
 
 as a niuHeum pest, 21.10. 
 Trogosita niauritanica — Tenobrioides niuuri- 
 tanica. 
 virescens, 721. 
 Trogus obsidianator, 1802. 
 Troilus bnttcrliy c.iteniillar. 469. 
 Trombidiuiii, 624. 
 
 developed from Astoma, 2071. 
 giganteum n.gp., 1632. 
 holosericeum, 1470. 
 locustarum n.gp., 146,728. 1287. H'A. 
 
 1521, 15G8, 1018, 1632. 
 muscarura 7i. gp., 1632. 
 sericeura, 1451, 1470, 1.198, 1018. 
 telarium = Tetranychus telarius. 
 tinctorium, 1470. 
 Trout. Death-web of young, 1138, 1160, 1174. 
 enemy. Supposed, 1141. 
 Food for, 1142. 
 
 So-called web- worm of young, 1283. 
 True army-worm, 647, 1127. 
 
 and bogus Yucca moth, 18(4. 
 Thrips and bogus Thrips, 203. 
 Trumpet grape-gall, 791, 1116. 1329. 
 
 leaf. Insects associated with the spotted, 
 
 1385, 1390. 
 vine. Clydonopteron tecom:B in seed- 
 pods of. 1029. 
 Pyralid infesting seed pods of. 
 1929. 
 Trupanea apivora = Promachus apivorus. 
 Truths in applied entomology. General, 2291, 
 
 2292. 
 Trypeta pomonella n. gp.. 177, 367, 373, 454, 1320, 
 1553,1654,2119,2238. 
 solidaginis, 137, 180, 798, 1059. 
 Tryphon atricoxus n.gp., 385. 
 Trypoxylon albitarse, .543. 
 Tulip-tiee bark-louse, 271. 
 Tumble-dung. Transformation of the common. 
 
 1386. 
 Turf web-worni, 2418. 
 Turk aud its crescent. The little, 329. 
 Torkey-gnat, 2394. 
 Turnip enemy. 215. 
 
 PolydesmuH couiplanatua an enemy to, 
 215. 
 Toaseh silk-wonn, 1311. 
 
 Tussock-moth. Caterjiillarsof the white-marked. 
 1227. 
 Eggs of the wbit<--niarked, 480, 
 
 600. 
 Whitci-marked. 1050, 1363, 2238. 
 2378. 
 again, 5.35. 
 Twelvi spotttd Diabrotlca, 687, 1127,2418. 
 Twice-stabbed lady bird. 38, 1329, 1883. 
 Twig-borers, lO.V-', 1185. 
 girdler, 476, 1938. 
 Twigs amputated by some unknown animal, 4i2. 
 B<rry and cherry, 1503. 
 Eggs in or on C)ines and, 1329. 
 
450 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Twigs girdled by some animal, 443. 
 primers, 288. 
 
 punctured by periodical Cicada, 1055. 
 Two-striped locust, 1423, 2363. 
 
 Saperda. "Variation in, 1213. 
 sweet-potato beetle, 1127. 
 walkinsr-stick, 1298. 
 Tyloderma fragarise, 1301, 1393. 
 Typhlocyba aurea n. sp., 22. 
 
 binotata n. «p., 22. 
 pallidula n.sp., 22. 
 tricincta, 25. 
 vitis, 203, 686, 1392, 1853. 
 Typhlocybini. Xew .species of, 22. 
 Typhlodromus pyri, 1739, 1759. 
 Tyroglypbus pbylloxerto 7i. sp., 1363, 1370. 
 
 siro, 1703. 
 TJji parasite, 1311. 
 Cloma impressa, 805. 
 
 Ulmus. Gall -making Pempbiginse on, 1653. 
 Tnadorned Tipbia, 1363. 
 
 Unfledged locusts. De.struction of young or, 
 1577. 
 Habits of young or, 1578. 
 Unicorn apple-tree caterpillars, 749. 
 
 prominent, 1280. 
 Unimpregnated eggs batcb ? TTill, 1029. 
 Unique and beautiful noctuid, 2189. 
 United States. Agricultural advancement in the, 
 1750. 
 Clotbes motbs observed in tbe, 
 
 2146. 
 The cotton-worm in the, 1769. 
 Department of Agriculture. Di- 
 vision of Entomology — 
 
 Bulletin 1, 2164; 2, 2165 
 3, 2253; 4, 2277; 6, 2304 
 8,2315; 10,2378; 11,2344 
 12,2364; 13,2382; 14,2388 
 15, 2389. 
 Entomological . Commis.sion. 
 Appropriation for, 1843. 
 Bulletin 1, 1577; 2, 1578; 
 
 3,1736; 6,2026. 
 Circular 1,1575; 2,1.576. 
 Report 1, 1643; 2, 1959; 
 
 3,2267; 4,2343. 
 Reports, 1757. 
 Supplementary iustructions 
 to agents of the, 1888. 
 U. S. Entomologist. Report for 1878, 1721. 
 1881 -'82, 2119. 
 for 1883, 2232. 
 
 1884, 2291. 
 
 1885, 2363. 
 
 1886, 2394. 
 
 1887, 2418. 
 United States. New source of wealth to, 1668. 
 
 Notes on ApbidiniB of tbe, 27, 1678. 
 
 Psyllidae of the, 2210. 
 
 settled fact. Hibernation of 
 
 Aletia xylina in the, 2141. 
 Silk-culture in the, 1668, 1945, 2070, 
 2196. 
 industry in the (Review), 
 2268. 
 
 United States. Status and prospects of silk- 
 culture in tbe, 2336. 
 Unity of coloration in insects, 50. 
 Universal remedies, 204, 503, 818. 
 More, 278. 
 remedy. Another, 232. 
 Unjust accusation, 1537. 
 Unknown corn pest, 1073. 
 la-rvte, 853. 
 mot: 1,753. 
 worm, 986. 
 Unmasked. A friend, 374. 
 Unnatural secretion of wax, 782. 
 Unsightly galls on cotton-wood, 446. 
 Untrue. Attractive but, 1644. 
 Urena Anomis, 2119. 
 
 lobata. Anomis erosa feeding on, 2343. 
 UroceridsB injurious to apple-twigs, 893. 
 Urocerus flavicornis, 2347. 
 Uropoda ameiicana n. sp., 1505, 1626. 
 
 vegetans, 1626. 
 Useful Labena, 1423. 
 
 lives. Two, 2370. 
 A nuisance made, 983. 
 Useless? la any knowledge, 1135. 
 Ustilago segetum, 1461, 1479. 
 Utah in 1878. Packard, A. S. Notes of a journey 
 
 to, 1959. 
 Utilization of ants in horticulture, 2089, 2137. 
 Vagabond Crambus, 2119. 
 Valedictory, 326. 
 
 Valery Mayet on Phylloxera, 2207. 
 Valuable insecticides. Two. 1742. 
 Vanessa antiopa, 540, 907, 1234, 1327, 1609, 1704, 1711. 
 comma = Grapta comma, 
 inten-ogationis = Grapta interrogationis. 
 Variable molting in Orgyia, 2379. 
 Variation in Anisopteryx, 1540. 
 
 the two-striped Saperda, 1213. 
 Variegated cut- worm, 1059, 2291. 
 
 Eccopsis, 2363. 
 Varieties. Phytophagic, 45, 50. 
 Varying Anomala, 2291. 
 Vegetable phenomena, 436. 
 Vegetal-feeding ground beetles, 1738. 
 Vegetation cau.sed by locusts. Changes in, 1495. 
 Harris. Insects injurious to (Re- 
 view), 568. 
 in Illinois. Insects injurious to, G, 52. 
 Legislation to control insects injuri- 
 ous to, 1946. 
 Venation of wings of Anisopteryx, 1540. 
 Venomous tomato-worm. That, 1099. 
 Vera Cruz, Mexico. Interesting cotton-worm 
 
 notes from, 1845. 
 Verified. Predictions, 1494. 
 Vertical in.sect-boxes, 1963. 
 V^esicants. Meloidse as, 912. 
 Vespa crabro, 616. 
 
 maculata, 543. 
 VespidBB, 190, 505, 770. 
 
 Victoria. Grape Phylloxera in Geelong, 1732. 
 Vilfa yaginaflora, 402, 1495, 1538. 
 Vine area of France afiected by Phylloxera. Half 
 the, 2020. 
 I Blue caterpillars of tbe, 1127, 1363. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 4ol 
 
 Vine-growers. Thrips of, 5.1. 
 
 infested with parasites. Hog caterpillar of 
 
 tlie, 1247. 
 Tn.softs injurious to the, 223S. 
 loving pomace lly, 2119. 
 Vinegar for insects. Salt and, 937. 
 Virgin tijer-moth. Chry,sali.s of the, C74. 
 Virginia tiger beetle, 10.">9. 
 Vitislituus, 1116. 
 
 vinifera. Phylloxera de.strnctive to, 1727. 
 viticola, 1116. 
 V-marked Cacojcia, 2363. 
 Viviparity of a moth, 21.')3. 
 Volume. Close of lln- first, 701. 
 Voyle, J. Experiments on orange scale insects, 
 2164. 
 Report on the effects of cold on the 
 scale insects of the orange in Florida, 
 2277. 
 "Wagner, B. Observations on the new crop gall- 
 gnat, 2267. 
 "Walker, P. SeiTells automatic silk-reel, 2388. 
 
 Silk-culture, 2418. 
 "Walking-stick. 144. 
 
 Tbickthighed. 1701, 1721. 
 Two-striped, 1298. 
 sticks. Cicadas and, 920. 
 or specters, 139.5. 
 "Walnut case-bearer. 1311. 
 caterpillars, 1229. 
 
 Gregarious, 1045. 
 Insect feeding on the sap of black, 1195. 
 "Walnut. Insects .\ffecting. 
 Cacoecia rileyana, 1059. 
 Clisiocampa dissiria, 363. 
 
 s>Ivatica =; C. disstria. 
 Datana ministra, 1045, 1229, 2222, 2333. 
 Notodontid, 757. 
 Phy cis j n slaudi.s, 131 ) . 
 Psocua vcnosus, 1195. 
 "Walnut Tortrix, 10.")9. 
 
 tree. "Worm on bark of, 757. 
 and willow. Enemies of the black, 2333. 
 "Walsh, B. D. Entomological collection of, 1107, 
 1203. 
 In raemoriam, 1098. 
 Portrait of, 1128. 
 Posthumous paper by, 1344. 
 Successor to, 1105. 
 "Walshia amorphella, 1127, 2356. 
 "Wanted. Infonoation. 1111. 
 War on corn-worms, 1522. 
 Warbles, 898. 
 Washington Entomological Society. Address as 
 
 president, 2355. 
 "Wasp. Ichneumon fly mistaken for, 477. 
 and parasites, ilud, 1827. 
 
 spider-egg nest. Mud, 1847. 
 Wasps. 1736. 
 
 Digger, 309. 
 
 and their habits, 375, 543, 615. 
 Social, 616. 
 
 Sucking organs of, 2182. 
 Water bug, 797, 1191. 
 
 Gigantic, 534. 
 larva, 1205. 
 
 Water. Moths attracted by f.ilUng,210«. 
 weevil, 2119. 
 
 of rice-plant, 1073. 
 "Wavy-striped tlea-heetle, 348, 5fll, 2291. 
 Wax-lK-ans. Epilachnii roriupta eating, 2135. 
 insect. New, 2119. 
 Tunatural secreticn of, 782. 
 worm. 1059. 
 Waxy .secretion on stem of bit ti-r. tweet. White, 
 
 191,3. 
 Ways of bHg-worm.s. 1421. 
 "Wealth to the United .States. .V new source of, 
 
 1668. 
 "Webworm. Fall, 1301, 1733, 2238, 2378, 2391. 
 Garden, 2363. 
 on hickory. Fall, 400. 
 Juniper, 1721. 
 Sorghum, 2119. 
 Turf, 2418. 
 
 of young trout. So.called, 1283. 
 of young trout. Death, li.'iS, 1160, 1174. 
 Webster, F. M. Insects affecting barley, 2394. 
 
 buckwheat, 2394. 
 fall-wheat, 2291, 
 
 2303, 2394. 
 small grains and 
 
 gras.ses, 2394. 
 timothy, 2391. 
 white clover, 
 2391. 
 Record of experiments on the 
 effect of punctures of hemip- 
 tera upon «hrub.s, fruits, aud 
 grains, 231^2. 
 Report on Buffalo gnats, 23S8. 
 
 of experiments at La- 
 fayette, Ind., 2344. 
 npon the season's obser- 
 vations in Indiana, 
 especially upon corn 
 insects, 2418. 
 "Weeping lace-wing, 1127. 
 Weevil, 1673. 
 
 on apple-trees. New York, 1085. 
 Clover, 1777. 
 Ilouey-locust seed, 1026. 
 Rice, 1683. 
 
 plant water, 1073. 
 Strawberry, 2363. 
 "Weevils. Aniseed r». grain, 1742. 
 
 Raspberries destroyed by, 1788. 
 "Well-known animals, Littlu known facts abont, 
 
 2071. 
 Wells. White worms in, 1015. 
 West Canker worms at the, 1530. 
 
 Economic investigations in the South and, 
 
 1864. 
 Genuine array- worm in the, 2009. 
 Hop growing in the, 23.5. 279. 
 Importiint observations on the grasshop- 
 per pest of the. 1571. 
 Indies. Rejmrt on the rotton crop and its 
 
 enemies in, 23tS. 
 Locusts in the, 2044. 
 Winged pest<< of the, 2313. 
 Western crirket. 1959, 2267. 
 
452 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Western cricket, Bruner, L. Observations on the, ' 
 2267. 
 Histology of, 1959. ! 
 
 governors on the Rocky Mountain lo- 
 cust, 1557. 
 grasshopper, 1998. 
 Missouri. Eavages of young locusts in, 
 
 1492. 
 striped cut- worm, 1059. 
 Westward progress of the imported cabbage- 
 
 wnriu, 1694, 1721. 
 What are armj"- worms ? 1400. 
 
 becomes of bumble bees ? 1032. 
 Wheat. Beetles supposed to be feeding on, 1746. 
 Bruchus. A new insect in, 19. 
 Cause of smut in, 1461. 
 cut-worm, 1055. 
 
 Cut-worms destroying recently sown,455. 
 Daraago to, 1870. 
 fly. CoHipanion, 2394. 
 head army-worm, 1570, 2418. 
 Hessian fly in seed, 494. 
 insects, 1506. 
 Whe.\t. Insects affecting. 
 
 Aphis avenaj — -Iseciarupboia granaria. 
 Asopia farinalis, 980. 
 
 Blissus leucopterus, 886, S88, 894, 895, 2363. 
 Brachytarsus variegatus, 1461, 1479. 
 Bruchus sp , 19. 
 Culaudra reraotepunctata, 15. 
 Calocoris rapidus, 2363. 
 Cecidomyia destructor, 494, 1506. 
 
 tritici = Diplosis tritici. 
 Cecidomyid, 18. 
 Chloropssp.,2060. 
 Cicadula exitiosa, 1766. 
 Cutworm, 1059. 
 
 Diedrocephala flaviceps 1766, 1767, 2363. 
 Diplosis tritici, 109, 110, 142, 216, 280, 292,372, 
 
 428, 711, 1512, 2238, 2267, 2363. 
 Drseocoris rapidus ^Calocoris rapidus. 
 Euschistus fissilis, 2363. 
 Gortyna nitela, 1589, 1870. 
 Isosoma grande, 2288, 2291, 2363, 2394. 
 hordei, 2394. 
 nigrum = I. hordei. 
 tritici, 2060, 2063, 2123, 2363, 2394. 
 Jassus sesnotatus, 1766. 
 
 sp., 1766. 
 Leucania albilinea, 1507, 1570. 
 Liongitarsus sp., 636. 
 Xygus praien.sis, 2363. 
 Meromyza americaua, 727, 1058, 1506, 1589, 1848, 
 
 1875, 2394. 
 U'ectarophora granaria, 1806. 
 Noctuid, 455. 
 Oscinus sp., 2394. 
 
 Pyralis farinalis = Asopia farinalis.. 
 Silvanus surinamensis, 1259. 
 Sitophilus remotepuuctata = Calandra re- 
 
 motepunctata. 
 Tenebrio molitor, 980. 
 Wire-worm, 2418. 
 Wheat Isosoma, 2063, 2119. 
 
 just before it ripens, Meromyza ameri- 
 cana attacking, 1058. 
 
 Wheat. Leaf-hoppers injuring, 1766. 
 maggots, 727. 
 midge, 109, 110, 142, 216, 280, 292, 428, 711, 
 
 1512,2238,2291,2363. 
 A new enemy to, 1507. 
 
 insect injurious to, 22S8. 
 oats, and rye. Beetles working in, 1259. 
 plant. Klippart's (Review), 186. 
 rust and Hessian fly. 1605. 
 Smut in, 1479. 
 
 stalk-worm on Pacific coast, 2123. 
 stalks. New depredator infesting, 2060, 
 
 2063. 
 straw Isosoma, 2291, 2394. 
 
 Larger, 2291, 2394. 
 Webster, F. M. In.sects aftecting, 2394. 
 
 f.iU, 2291, 
 2363, 2394. 
 wire-worm, 2418. 
 Worm iu joints of, 1848. 
 worms, 980. 
 
 injuring, 1875. 
 in reference to, 1589. 
 White ant. Inquilines in galleries of, 1729. 
 blast, 2119. 
 clover. Webster, F. M. Insects affecting, 
 
 2394. 
 grub, 68, 410, 1020, 1059, 2238, 2363, 2394. 
 
 fungus, 594, 1064, 1430, 1436, 1-599, 1803, 
 1823. 
 again, 640. • 
 information wanted, 1072. 
 parasite, 1363. 
 grubs, 541. 
 
 in strawberry-beds, 1236. 
 heart hickory Gelechi^ 2363. 
 lined morning Sphinx, 630, 1198, 1301, 1643, 
 
 2291. 
 marked tussock-moth, 1059, 1363, 2238, 2378. 
 again, 535. 
 caterpillar, 1227. 
 ■ eggs, 480, 600. 
 oak. Leaf-miner on, 1879. 
 AVoolly gall on, 739. 
 pine plant-louse, 320. 
 scale, 97. 
 
 trees killed by borers, 1049. 
 weevil, 781,2363. 
 worm, 465, 950. 
 
 Abbof.s, 1570. 
 scale on acacias. Large, 1730. 
 
 Means against 2374. 
 waxy secretion on stems of bitter-sweet, 
 I 1913. 
 
 willow insects, 907. 
 
 worm, 917, 1211. 
 worms iu wells, 1015. < 
 
 Why noxious insects increase upon us, 766. 
 Wier, D. B. Xative plums, 2388. 
 Wier's apple- worm trap. Thomas, 1312. 
 
 trap. The coddling-niolh, 1334. 
 Wild cherry. Caterpillar's nest on, 242. 
 cherry. Cocoon on, 259. 
 grape-vine. Conical galls on leaves of, 1077. 
 siige. Galls growing on, 1347. 
 Will unimpregnated eggs hatch ? 1029. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 453 
 
 Willow. EDemies of the black walnut and, 2333. 
 gall. Pod-like, 1170. 
 galls, 46. 
 
 of Cecidoruyida' on, 46. 197. 
 Gracilaria. Purplo, 2363. 
 Willow. Insects .vFFECTixr.. 
 
 Cecidomyia salicis-siliqua', 1170. 
 
 Cecidoniyida', 46, 197. 
 
 Cinibex aniericana, 1380, 2291, 2333. 
 
 laportei =: C. amoricaniv 
 Closlera aniericana = Ichtbj-ura inclusa. 
 Coleopteron. 197. 
 Dipteron, 197. 
 Gracilaria, 2363. 
 Hynienopteron. 197. 
 Icbthyiira inclu.sa, 8.">6. 
 Nematus ventralis, 907, 917, 1211. 
 Saperda. 2267. 
 Tentbredinidje, 197. 
 Teras, 2363. 
 
 Vanessa antiopa, 907, 1234. 1609. 
 Willow insects. White, 907. 
 Teras, 2363. 
 worm. Large, 1380. 
 
 White, 917. 1121. 
 
 worms. Gregarious, 856. 
 
 Winged pests of the West, 2313. 
 
 Phylloxera iu California, 1895. 
 Wire-worms. 224, 892,932,1030, 2238. 
 Means against, 103. 
 in potatoes, 846. 
 Wits jump together. How great, 567. 
 W-markfd cut-worm. 1059, 2291. 
 Wonder Back-rolling, 1363. 
 Wood-borers. Food habits of, 1902. 
 Rearing, 1829. 
 gall on white-oak, 733. 
 lice on giape-vine roots, 1900. 
 nymph. Beautiful, 1127, 1363. 
 Pearl, 1127. 1301.1363. 
 Woolly elm-tree lou.se, 1059. 
 lice on the beech, 449. 
 slug-like worm on apple, 796. 
 Work in entomology, 202, 418. 
 
 Three worms and their, 1504. 
 Worker bees ? Do toads eat, 544. 
 WorkiTs among liymenoptera, 311. 
 Works on North American microlepidoptera, 1975. 
 World. Insect, 1466, 1467. 
 Wonn. Apide, 1666. 
 in apple. 177. 
 Army. 11, 17, 120, 670, 876,906,1127,1442, 
 
 1482, 1551, 1570, 2119, 2239, 2267, 2269. 
 on bark of walnut tree, 757. 
 boring into cucumber, 808. 843. 
 peach, 1182. 
 in wheat-.stalk, 1870. 
 Canker, 86, 172, 1021, 1066, 1127, 1363, 2012. 
 in com, 181. 
 Cotton, 1127, 1363, 1649, 1702, 1719, 2077, 
 
 2119,2130.2295. 
 Currant, 877, 1204. 
 eating in green tomatoes, 734. 
 Hundred legged. 219. 
 infesting meal sacks, 1896. 
 
 Woini. lujoint of wheat, 1848. 
 (|UfMtion, 9P9. 
 
 and remedy. Strawberry, 1686. 
 snake, 1662. 
 Tobacco, H85, 2238. 
 Tomato, 152, lO.'.O, 1558, 1661. 
 An unknown, 986. 
 Worms. Hee bread devoured by, 1293. 
 in cabbage, 1915. 
 Clover, 83. 675, 948, 1132. 
 in Cottonwood, 1459. 
 Currant, 364, 882, 1696. 
 on Dutchman's pipe, 1321. 
 feeding on hawthorn, 1051. 
 iu flour and rye, 72. 
 on horse-chestnut. Gregarious, 1192. 
 How to free wells of, 1015. 
 injuring wheat, 1875. 
 in joint wheat, 1848. 
 under mulch hay, 1161. 
 in osage orange seed, 597. 
 iu potatoes. Wire, 846. 
 in wells, 1015. 
 
 Wire, 224, 892. 932, 1030, 2238. 
 and their work. Three, 1504. 
 Worthleasness of the sparrow ,is an insect killer, 
 
 2413. 
 Wyckoffs silk-industry in the United States (Re- 
 view), 2268. 
 Wyoming, Montana, etc., in 1881. Bruner, L. 
 
 The Rocky Mountain locust in, 2267. 
 Xanthoptera ridingsii n.sp., 1411 = Exyra riding 
 sii. 
 semicrocea, 1385, 1390. 
 Xiphidium, 118. 
 Xyleborus calatus, 2267. 
 obesus, 1583. 
 
 Packard, A. S. Development of, 2267. 
 pyri, 2, 149. 
 X> K utes robinia! — Cossus robiniie. 
 Xjlina cinerca n.gp., 1301 = Lithophane ant«n- 
 
 nalp. 
 Xylocopa c \iolina = X. virginica. 
 
 virginica, 372, 1111. 
 Xyloryctes satj rus, 40, 471. 
 Xylotrechus colonus, 2207. 
 Yama-mai silkworm, 1311. 
 Tear. Desttuctive insects of the, 2322. 
 Entomological notes of the, 2235. 
 Insects of th.-, 2289. 2.331. 
 Is this a gra.sshopper, 156.">. 
 Yeast ferment in insects. Experimont« with, 1930. 
 Yellow bear. Common, 1301. 
 fever-fly, 1950. 
 headed cut- worm. 1050. 
 locust, 2.363. 
 
 tailed Tachina-fly. 1127, 1625. 
 swallow-tail, 361. 
 Yellows in peach trees. Suppose*! cause of, 515 
 Yersiu. Function of the nervous system of arti- 
 
 culat4-9. 1950. 
 Young grasslioppers. 2377. 
 
 locusts. Destruction of, 1577. 
 Ditching for. 1488. 
 Habits of, 1578. 
 
454 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Young locusts in western Missouri. Eavages of, 
 1492. 
 pecan trees girdletl, 489. 
 tobacco-plants. Flea-beetle on, 1782. 
 trout. Death-web of, 1138, 1160, 1174. 
 So-called webworra of, 1283. 
 Yucca, 1602, 1603. 
 
 angustifolia fertilized l)y Pronuba yucca- 
 
 sella, 1804. 
 borer, 1420, 1482, 1570. 
 
 IN'otes on the, 1465. 
 Fertilization of, 1329, 1336, 2171. 
 filamentosa. Prodoxus decipiens oviposit- 
 ing in, 2049. 
 Further notes on the pollination of, 2000. 
 Yucca. Ixsects affecting. 
 Elaphidion tectum, 1602. 
 
 Megathymusynccffi, 1420, 1465, 1482, 1570, 1602. 
 Prodoxus decipiens, 2000. 2049. 
 Pronuba yuccasella. 1329. 1336, 1337, 1354, 1363. 
 1603, 2000, 2171, 2391. 
 
 Yucca. In-sect.s affecting— Continued. 
 
 Sycophorus ynccse, 1602. 
 Yucca moth, 1363. 
 
 Oviposition of the, 1354. 
 Professor Riley and the, 2068. 
 True and bogus, 1804. 
 Pollination of, 1603, 1804, 2000, 2371. 
 Pronuba and its connection with the polli- 
 nation of, 2391. 
 Zarasa inflata, 2360. 
 Zarhipis, 2397. 
 
 Further notes on Pbengodes and, 2411. 
 Phengodes and, 2408. 
 Zebra cabbage- worm, 2232. 
 caterpillar, 179, 1127. 
 Zeller. Death of Professor, 2179. 
 Zerene catenaria, 1140. 
 Zimmermann's flea-beetle, 2291. 
 Zoo-geographical map of North America. Pack- 
 ard, A, S., 2267. 
 Zygaena mines, 2224. 
 
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