Nnrtlj (Earnltna g'tatr ImtJeraitg (-^187 03 This book was presented by l%ry Sherwood NX. STATE UNIVERSITY D,H, HILL LIBRARY S00270445 M THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE DATE INDICATED BELOW AND IS SUB- JECT TO AN OVERDUE FINE AS POSTED AT THE CIRCULATION DESK. ^ J§2_3l98c THE TENNESSEE FLORA; WITH SPKCIAL REFKKKNCfc lO THE FLORA OF NASHVILLE PH.^NOGAMS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS. BY DR. AUGUST GATTINGER, MEMBER OF AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 5 I-IBLISIIEO BY TUE AUTHOR. NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 1887. College This book was presented THE ^ TENNESSEE ELORA WITH SPECIAL REFiRKN'CE I O THE FLORA OF NASHVILLE PH^NOGAMS AND VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS. Due to narrow inner margin, this volume has been sewn by our new km i:\-i- Cleat Sewing method. IH I'.I.rsllKI) liV TIIK AITIHIK. NASHVILLE. TENNESSEE. \ PRINTED BY CARLON & HOLLENBECK,. Indianapolis, Ind. PREFACE. Desiring to promote the study of botany in the educational institutions of the State, and to awaken an interest in the ex|)h)r- ation of the Flora of Tennesseee, I tender this small volume to the friends and promoters of scientific ])ursuits. The work is original, l)eing fijunded upon a botanical c(dlcc- tion made exclusively by myself, during thirtv-cight vcars' res-, idence in this State. I am yet in possession of specimens collected in 1|)l;iy of refinement, I soon perceived that I had to rely upon my own resources, if I would attempt to expand my botanical efforts beyond the limits of ])ersonal gratification. For the want of such blessed leisure as would be needed to assure success, 1 never expected to publish on the Flora, considering the results of my investigations too insignificant. That I have now prepared this paper is purelv contingent upon the meeting of tlje American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Xashville, August, 1877. At that occasion I had the good fortune of making acquaint- ance with some well-known Eastern botanists, who, with very obliging politeness, reviewed my collections, and assured me that a survey of the unexplored region of Tennessee would be appreciated.' At their instance 1 continued, with all care and 51301 Library N. C, State Collet*' 4 PREFACE. pains possible, to make the work true and reliable, with the hope and solicitude to make this insignificant, but to me only possible one contribution, to American science. I am under lasting obligations to William N. Canby, Esq., of Wilmington, Del., Prof. J. W. Chickering, Jun., and Prof. Lester F. Ward, both of Washington, D. C, for their advice and the attention they paid to me at the Nashville meeting. From that time on I also enjoyed the ])rivilege of submitting critical specimens to Dr. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, for his decision. The late Dr. George Engelmann, of St. Louis, Dr. A. W. Chapman, of Apalachicola, Fla., and Dr. George Vasey, botanist of the Department of Agriculture, have relieved me of many doubts and supplied me with a great number of authentic specimens. I shall ever gratefully remember Dr. Engelmann, and express to the other gentlemen my sincere thanks. Acknowledgments are also due to many active botanists in distant parts of the Union, for their readiness and promptness in exchanging plants and opinions. I have no knowledge of authentic published records bearing on the Flora of Tennessee, except an article contributed by Prof. J. W. Chickering to the Botanical Gazette, December, 1880, enti- tled ''A Summer on Roane Mountain.'^ In a number of SttUivmiV s Journal, of 1841, I find a sketch of a botanical tour through the Alleghanies and on Roane Mountain, by Dr. Asa Gray. It is much to be regretted that Dr. Rugel, who about thirty years ago resided in the vicinity of Greenville and made valu- able collections and discoveries in that vicinity, and the mount- ains of East Tennessee and North Carolina, died without leaving a record of his work. His collections came in the possession of Mr. Shuttleworth, of England. Senecio Rugelia Gray, Plantago Rugelii Decaisne, Siphonychia Rugelii Chapm. commemorate his name. Some species and stations which fell not under my personal observation, are quoted on good authority or credited to the col- lector. For description of species I refer to Dr. Gray's Manual and Dr. Chapman's Flora of the Southern States. I am fully aware of the incompleteness of the work, but enough is now done to give a satisfactory estimate of our Flora, and nothing short of publication can near its completion. Pretending to no other merit than one, due to a persevering effort to illustrate the distribution of the American Flora over the territory of the State of Tennessee, and the accidental dis- PKEFACK. ■> covery of some new speeics, I hope lor u kind rcccptii.ii hv iIk.x- for whose benefit it is intcniled. My botanical friends will ai)pr('ciate the diflieMhics I had to encounter, and I solicit contributions and corrections iVoni ihox- who are favorably inclined towards its improvement. Parting I embrace the opportunity to ui-u:e a hi^rhcr appreci- ation of the study of ]k)tany, and to sum up the present standing of the science, and the advantages it enjoys in other vStates. American botany has made ra})id advances within the last decade. The earlier periods i)assed over in engagement with sys- tematic work, collecting and systematizing pliienogams and the higher cryptogams. The general survey being very far advanced and nearing completeness, by degrees a state of maturity for studies of a higher order has been entered upon, which demands greater proficiency in analysis and dexterity in the use of the microscope. The intricate study of the life-history of plants of the lowest orders engages now the attention of our more advanced botanists. Detail in physiology and morphology and original work is also fairly attempted. A number of our progressive American uni- versities have attached laboratories to the botanical lecture-rooms, and provided them with the necessary outfits, as powerful auxili- aries to the study of botany. Harvard and Cornell since IST'J, more recently the universities of Pennsylvania and Michigan, Iowa Agricultural College, Wabash College, Purdue 1,'niversity, the universities of Wisconsin and Nebraska, Shaw School of Botany at St. Louis, etc. Why is it, that in our more than centennial State, so little has been done for the improvement of natural knowledge ? \\'hat object of teaching can conduce more to the material welfare and and progress of the citizen than a practical informatic^i how to disclose the concealed wealth, to collect and utilize wasting ener- gies, to draw from the soil maintenance of life and means ol' com- fort, without impairing its productiveness? And what can more than the improvement of natural knowledge enlargen and ele- vate the intellectual ethics of man, than the ever growing con- ception of a definite and uninfringible order of nature? What can add more to his personal dignity, inspire him with more self- reliance, than the certainty of possessing means to test and verify his conceptions, by bringing them in contact with Nature herself. by experiment and observation ? Having inadvertently diverted from the proposed plan of this address, I shall avoid to make further reflections tor the same caution with which the astrav botanist avoids tlie treacher- 6 PREFACE. Oils briers. Should I have succeeded to bring you to notice that rambling through field and forest after plants, implies a higher purpose than the pleasure of analyzing and adding them to the collection, then I would feel like the aberrant botanist, who, aberrant, made a precious discovery. Remember of all, that it is not for every one to penetrate into the depths of a science, but that a plain and correct knowledge of the leading principles in botanical science is attainable and useful to all. " Tngennas didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores nee sinit esse feros." A. GATTINGER. N.vsHviLKF. Tenn., Pel), p., 1887. GENHRAL ASPHCT OF TllH FLORA. The boundaries of Tennessee are embraced within the j^reat Atlantic forest region. The whole of it was in its virgin state, a congeries of varied woodlands, being in the lowlands of dense and massive growth, filled with ])athless jungles of cane and shrub, or, away from the watercourses, on the uplands, reduced to open and airy groves, the barrens. Here a dense sward covers the ground and herbaceous growth prevails. Mountain forests have always been of greater uniformity in distribution of timber. Nearly one-third of the entire area is now reduced to fields or occupied by buildings or roads. Canebrakes have well nigh disappeared, and the forest is in all accessible regions de[)leted of valuable timber. Immigration of foreign and retirement ot native species con- tinually modify the aboriginal flora a. id tend to weaken charac- teristics due to presence of peculiar plantforms, or eollocati(>n of >?pecies, by the intricacies of mutual })redileetion and adaptation to surroundings. Such area-^, wdiich diifer amongst themselves conspicuously in such properties, admit of the establishment of natural flora! ar ro n disc men ts. Differences of elevation, diversity in elementary constitution of the soil, and inequality in distribution of atmospheric humid- ity are, in our territory, sufficiently pt)tent to mark out four dis- tinct regions. I. The high crests of the Alleghany Mountains, formed of gneiss or mica-shists, with an elevation tVom. 1,()(H) lo (ijiOO feet. Snbalpine region. II. The western slopes of the Alleghanies an coextensive with the limestones (silurian) of Ea>l and Middl-' Tennessee. Elevation 350-500 feet. The upi)er division or highlands has siliceous and argillaceous soils, sometimes limestones of the sub- ■carboniferous formation. l^lcvation ai)oni I .niMi - 1 /joo feet. 8 GENERAL ASPECT OF THE FLORA. The former division is characterized through its cedar glades; thr hitter is the region of the oak-barrens. IV. West Tennessee, situated between two powerful rivers^ with much level or only gently undulating surface, owes its pecu- liiirilies to the abundance of swampy lands and predominantly aruillaceous soils, in connection with a more humid atmosphere. r. 8UBALPINE REGION. The dividing line between the States of North Carolina and Tennessee passes ov^er and along the crest of the highest ridges and peaks, known as the IJnaka, Great Smoky, Bald and Frog mountains. Their average elevation is about 5,000 feet, but about twenty-two summits are 6,000 feet or more. The highest stretch lies between French Broad and Little Tennessee rivers^ with fifty-five high points, eighteen of which are over 6,000 feet. Clingmau's Dome, by a few feet the highest, rises to the very respectable altitude of 6,660 feet above tidewater, according to the measurements of Prof. Arnold Guiot, of Princeton, N. J. (Vide Am. Jour. Science, Sept. 1857 and Nov. 1860). Geologic- allv they consist of Huronian shists and gneisses, and in some spots of Laurentian granites. Xot one of these high crests presents a bleak crag, bare of vegetation, nor is there a timber-line. Some are evenly timbered throughout, others support only a scattered and stunted arboreal growth, and some bear only a low shrubby or herbaceous vegeta- tion. The absence of timber on the so-called ^' Balds " is per- haps due to waves of excessive cold ; such, at least, seem the naked trunks looming up here and there, to suggest. There are generally groups of red oak, striped or mountain maple, mountain ash and chestnut, with open spaces between. They have a stunted and gnarled appearance, their sprawling limbs often but few feet from the ground. Chestnuts of the summit flower from three to four weeks later than those in the neighboring valleys. Upon these lofty retreats dwells a limited number of species peculiar to those regions. Many more are denizens of the com- mon flora of more northern latitudes, but are not found in the intervening lowlands. The abundance of evergreen Rhododen- drons, exuberant flowering ericaceous and liliaceous plants pro- duce a floral scenery of unsurpassing beauty. From the altitude of the region, as well as from the physiognomy of the vegetation,, we may call it " subalpine.'^ To here belongs Abies Fraseri Pursh. and Rhododendron Catawbiense Michx. Betida hitea Michx. grows to moderate size,. (JKNKKAI. AS1»K('I' OF llli: FIOHA. 9 and Haiiiainclis X^iriiinica J foiiiid as a chunky tree. ii)<'a>uriiiii- iiftv inches in circiimtcrt'ncc ol* trunk. Ainiis rir'nli.s \)i\, Menz- ienia globular I X Salisb., Sal'i.r hu mills Mar>h.. Vdrrlnhnn coryniho- sum L. \ai-. i>(i//i'. Car- eyana Gray, Paronychia argyrocoma Nutt., Nabalus Hoamttfti.^ Chick., Viola renifolia Gray,' Cardamine CbimdHis ^hwWeWo., Parnassia asarifolia Vent., Krigia montana Nutt.. (ninn gotiru- latum Michx , (r. radiafum Miclix., Arniaria glabra Michx. Descending into the second region, we tin(' <.f tli<- rnoiiiil- ain, on limestone k'(ltr<.s, (r'tifcsia /afcrlnn.s (Jimv, (Ai/licurjjd Americana L., Triosfcuin jjcrfo/iafiim, L., Sl/p/tiiun hr(irluouth of it, an eroded anticlinal, the Sequatchee valley, designate in tlie Cumberland mountain region the western terminus of those convulsions whicli involve the ])r()blem of the stratograpiiv of tlic Alle- ghani(\s in so great difliculties. AVest of this li!ie spread out the liorizontal strata of tlie Cumberland table-laud, whicli ter- minates witli an abrupt descent of about one thousand feet upon the highlands of Middle Tennessee. These in turn overreaeh and encircle the floor of the l)asin of Middh' Tennes>ee by five to six hundred feet, either in a bluff or througli a gradual ilesccnt. The succession of strata is normal tliroughout : upperrno>t subcarboniferous limestone and ciiert, followed by tlie l)ev(Mnan shale, lastly the lower silurian. Increase in annual range of temperature and greater dry- ness of air, as compared with the former regions, cause tlie mountain flora to disaj)iK'ar and to yield to other designs in nature's garb. A close botanical impiiry into the array of s|)e- . witli -hallow soils, fit only for })astures. They ought to remain in their natural state, undisturbed by cultivation. To clear them is to convert them into deserts, "in some i)arts they are exclusively occupied by the cedar, with a small percentage of deciduous trees inter- mingled. In other j)laees prevails the Ohio buekeyc, (>f>c»//Mj< 12 GENERAL ASPECT OF THE FLORA. dtint Willd.), honey locust ( GledUschia triacanthos L.), hack- berrv (Celti-s Miisis'sippiensis Bosc), some hickories {Carya alha Niitt., C. tomenfom Ntt., 0. porcina Nutt.), shingle oak {Quer- CH.^ iriihrkani L.), yellow chestnut oak {Q. MMenhergii Englm.), post oak (O. ohUi'siloba Michx.), hop-hornbeam {Ostrya Virgin- ica L.)i winged ehii ( Ubnus alata Michx.), buckthorn (Frangula Caroliniana Gray), persimmon {Diospyros Virginiana L.), red plum {FrwiK^ Americana Marshall), Chickasaw plum (P. Chick- asaw Michx.) Of shrubs prominently: Forestiera ligustrina Poir., R/uis aroinatica Ait , Ptelea trifoliaca L., Aralia spnnosa L., several hawthorns: Crataegus Grus Galli L., G. cordata Ait., G. tomentosa L., var. pyrifolia Gray, and var. punctata Gray, Bumelia lycioides Gicrt., Symphoricarpus vulgaris Michx., Hyper- icum aureuui Ban. The cedar barrens effect an obvious and pleasing contrast in the feature of a landscape, especially in regions where, by absence of streams or prominent landmarks, diversity in grouping, hab- itus and coloring of the arboreus growth must relieve a weari- some monotony. Middle Tennessee is, from periodic excessive drynesb of the atmospliere, absolutely incongenial to every other species of our native conifers. The somber tint of the cedar delineates a cedar barren from its surroundings at a distance and serves within its environs, wherever openings occur, to bring out with dazzling vividness the crumbling limestone flats, overspread with the rosy Sedum pulchellum and carmine-flowered Talinum, or the golden stars of the (^puntia Raftiinesquii. The botanical interest in these cedar glades varies from a delightful surprise in the survey of an unparalleled number of rare and interesting plants upon small tracts, to a painful disap- pointment over a fruitless ramble through long stretches. Depressions, where the coherent and slightly scooped lime- stone banks secure a continuance of moisture, and where small springs come to the surface, represent the garden spots of the wilderness. Wherever again the ground swells up into rocky ridges, or where from collapse of subterraneous cavities, in which these regions abound, the strata are broken up and tumbled about like heaps of ruins, there the rains sink too fast and so deep that only the penetrating roots of the cedar can reach the hidden moisture; a drought soon dries up the smaller herbage. The cedars are always closely set, and it is a vexatious and ungrate- ful tusk to penetrate such thickets. In the oak barrens we find good farming lands as far as the sub- carboniferous limestone extends. As soon as the siliceous or chertv GENEHAL ASl'K('r OF THJ; KI.oKA. 1 .'J strata conu' to the surface — a i^ood deal <»f' -udi is in 'rcniio-c* — tliLMT we come into a poverty-stricken country. Like in the ixravellv ridges of East Tennessee, so here too, tlie hiack-jack oak asserts its right. Spanisli oak, sonrwood and chestnut are th<' main hndy <.f the forest. Intervals are tilled up with copses of sumach, dojrwood, hiack haw, azaleas {Azalea ni(clifltri:;t.s where the burning of the woods is practiced, of an unparalleled scarcity. Agricultural enterprise terminates very soon in tlw mutual ruin of land and farmer. Hetween such wortliless lands are tracts or regions where the soil is of a yellow, light or thifVv loam, easily cultivated, not very rich, but a|)t to be kept in good condition. The subcarboniferous strata are here completelv car- ried off and the Devonian strata become exj)osed and disinteg- rated into beds of loam or clay. We notice now a plea.siint change in the appearance of well-kept farms, a better growth of timber and a much improved botanical jirospect. Sometimes \\v pass by points where the subjacent strata are of an impervious clay, from which result heavy and damp soils, and in the early months of the year portions of the barrens are covered with shallow ponds, until they dry u]) in the hot season. Such spots are convenient abodes for orchids, liliaceous plants, luncaeete, Cyperacese, Gramine?e, Lndwigias, Khexias, etc. The tbrest con- tains a good selection of hard-woods and the trees attain a stately growth. Water oak, willow oak and white oak, sweet gum and black gum are the most numerous. Ashes, poplars and beeches less frequent than in calcarious soils. The shrubbery is made up by alder {Alnus serrulafa Ait.), willows {Salix (ristis Ait.,N. /tumilii< Marsh.), botton-bush {Cephalantlni.s occidental ii< I>.), arrow- wood ( Viburnuiii nudum L.), Spivfra tomcnfosa J^., Jiom Carolina L., Ilj/pericum Kalmlamun L., 7/. prolijirmn L., Comandnt undul- I'lia Xutt. ... I have appended for a ready review a comparative list of spe- cies of calcarious soils (glades) and siliceous soiN 'o^k l.ni-,n>i. PLANTS OF THK GLAOES ANP IJUl IS. (Ciilcareous soil^.) Clematis reticulata Walt. Krij^ia D.ui.K'Iion Nutt. Thalictruni Cornuti L. rnimnthes cropidinoa Muli.x. Anemone decapetala L. Lobelia (latlinKcri (iray. Myosurus minimus L. Huin<>lia lycioidesCJiert. Eanunculus fascicularis Muhlh. F(.n\«tifra aacuni daclyloideh L. Dantlionia ."-ericea Nutt. Eatonia Dudlcyi Va.M'v. E. Prnnsylvanica (iray. Eiagrosiis Frankii Meyer. Arislida gracilis Ell. Sporoliolus vagiuM'tlorus 'i orr. Uniola latifolia Miorula Michx. Vaccinium arboreum Marsh. V. stamineum L. Oxydeudron arboreum DC. Kalmia lalifolia L. Rhododendron nuditlorum Torr. Rh. calenrr. Acerafes K>ngifflia Ell. Sabbathia gracilis Pursh. Phlox amuMia Sims. Lithospermum latifolium Michx. Convi'-lvulus spithamous L. Cuscuta com}>acta luss. C. glomerata Choisy. Gratiola ramosa Walt. Puchnera Americana L. Seymt^ria t(Muiifolia Pursh.. K r»M). Gerardia quercifolia Pursh. G. tenuifolia Vahl. Castilleia coccinea Spreng. Sclnvalbea .Vmericana (iron. Trifhostema dichotomum L. Pycnanthemum lanccolatum Pursh. P; Tullia Pcnth. M<»narda Hradburiana Puckl ()xybaj>hus ny<'tagyincus Sweet. Comandra umbellata Nutt. Pachysandra procumbens Nutt. Euphorbia corollatn L. (>uercus faU-ata Michx. l^). acpiatica Cate-bv. (). Phellos L. 16 (JKXKRAI. ASPECT OF THE FLORA. Rhynchosia tomentosa, Torr.& Gray. Djsmxlium viridiflorum Buckl. D. sessili folium T )rr. Ciitoria M iriana L. IJiptisia titictoria R. Br. ThrrinopsisCarolinianaM. A. Curt, Cladr.istis tinctoria Rif. S -lir inkia angustata Torr. & Gray. (E lotherifruticosa L. F llli; M.OUA. 17 rises about '2(H) feet over the tloods of the Mississij)j>i. Tl>e east- ern portion of this area is compo eil of eretaceous and the western of tertiery and f ost-tertiery deposits, either sands or soft creta- ceous shale. Folid, often ferruginous, sandstone.^ appar at the surface, scattered in incoherent masses. AVe behold no longer liiu])id str(anis, rippling over rocky bot- toms, sided by elifls and blutls. Instead of tluni \ve find lagoons and swampy borders, stretching along muddy-looking waters of sluggish streams. From distance already, before crossing the liver, wt- are in sight of towering cy})resses. AVhile a thousand mih s last from here they yet occupy the shore-line of the Atlantic, here the shore line has receded to the Gulf and left the cvprcss behind. Their dimensions are truly enormcnis. The far spreading roots emerge like sharp-backed ridges from the brownish lagoon, grad- ually cree])ing up and girding with buttress-like j)rojections the many-angled column. A perpendicular shaft ascends to a height of 120-150 feet and then spreads a flat or hemisj)hcrical crown. Such I have seen twenty years ago mar Johnsonville. Cypress swamps are along both big rivers, and many other extensive sw^amps and swampy lands are along every watercourse, the most perhaps along Big Sandy. It may therefore be expected that a great many more aquatic species and such as inhabit marshy lands exist in this region, than in either East or Middle Tennes- see. My own experience is, hoAvever, limited and restricted to one point on the Mississippi river, the regions of lirownsville, Humbolt, McKenzie, Hollow-rock and Johnsonville. in which places I have made interesting collections. PLANTS PECULIAR TO WEST TENNESSEE. Ranunculus multifidus Pursh. Planeni iiquatica Gmel. Brasenia peltata Pursh. Litlios])einnini anguisti folium Cabomba Caroliniana Gray. Midix. Hypericum lobocarpum Gattinger. rtricularia Mllora Lam. Gleditschia monospernia Walt. Iris cui)rea Pur>h. Dalea alopecuruides Willd. Iris hexapma Walt. Berchemia volubilis DO. Hahenaria vircK-eiis i?prenpel. GaHum Arkansanum Gray. Juncus mititaris Bigel. Eryngium prostratuni Niitt. Scirjais debihs Pursli. Marshallia lanceolata Pursh. Zizania acjuatica L. Ambrosia bidentata ISIichx. Spj.rtina cynot^uroides Willd. Helenium tennifoliuni Nutt. Krairrostis cxylepis Torr. Senecio lobatus Pers. Cenclirus tnbuloides L. Hydrolea affinis Gray. Aristida nunosissima Engcliu. Verbena stricta Vent. Tax» dinin (ii.stichum Kidi. LimnanthemumlacunosumGriese. A>i>lcniniu Filix femina L. var. Polypremum jirocumbens T.. anuustum (iray. Quercus bicolor Willd. Azdla Caroliniana ^^ did Stillingia sylvatica L. K.,.^^^tuIn robustum H.Br. 9 Tennessee Flora Species occurring within a radius of thirty miles from Nashville are reckoned to the Nashville Flora, and printed in bold type ; those beyond this range in small pica. O. S.— Over the whole State. RANUNCULAC'PLE. Clematis Viorna L. O. S. Yerv variable. Var. coccmea Gray. Foot of liookoiit Ml. .1. 1\ .lanu-. C. reticulata AValt. Middle Teiin. Foliaire not <|uitr as leathery and prominently reticulated as my 8. V. sj)eeiiuins. ('. Virgiiiian/a L. O. S. Anemone nemorosa L. Paradise ridge. Cumi)erland and Alleghany Mts. A. Virgitjniana L. O. S. June-July. A. acntiloba Lawson. Middle Tenn. March. A. Hepatica L. Mts. of East Tenn. In the l^-..^ Mi... East Tenn., I obtained specimens with acute and (•btu>c-lobed foliage on the same plant. A])ril. A. decapetala L. (A. Caroliniaua Walt.') ( 'cdar irlades. April. Anemonella thalicti'oides Spach. ( Th. aucmnuoi.h > Michx.) (). S. March. Tlialictrum (lioituui L. ( ). t>. .hnu -.luly. T. purpurascens T.. (). S. July. Yar. ceriferum Aiist. < >. S. .lune-duly. T. clavatum DC. C^imberland and Alleghany Ml-. .Iidy. T. poly^anuim Mfihlb. ^loist woodlands. (J. S. July-AuLHist. •20 TENNESSEE FEORA. T. (lebile liuckl. Dr. Hampton's place near Cheatham Co. line. ( )nly locality. May. Traiitvetteria palniata Fish c*e Meyer. Along the whole chaio of AlK'o-hanies. July. 3Iyosiirus iniiiiimis L. Moist meadow-lands. Nashville. April. Raiiuiieuliis abortious L. var. mwranthus Gray; common. March. R. anibigens Watson. Ponds along Cumberland river, etc, June- July. R. circiiiatns Sibth. (R. aqnatilis~'L. var. stagnatilis DC.) Ponds and swamps along Cumberland R. . Flowers the^whole summer. R. aquatilis L. var. trichophyllus Chaix. East Tenn. July. R. fascicularis Miihlb. Common in vicinity of Nashville. March-April. R. iimltifidiis Pursh. Swamps on Cumberland and Tenn, rivers. Cypress swamps. July. R. oblongifolius Elliott. Damp ground. Paradise ridge. TuUahoma. June. R. parviflorus L. Boggy lands. O. S. April-May. R. pusillus Poir. Ditches and waste grounds. May. R. septentrionalis Poir. var. hispidus, Michx. (R. repens L, var. hispidus Michx.) O. S. Yar. lucidus Poir. O. S. May-July. Caltha palustris L. var. parnassifolia Torr & Gray. Wet mountain meadows, etc. Ducktown. April. Aqiiilegia Canadensis L. Rocky woodlands. Bluffs on Mill Creek near Nashville. April. Delphinium azureum Michx. Cedar glades of Middle Tenn. May. D. tricorne Michx. Rich woodlands. O. S. April-May. B. exaltatum Ait. Roane Mt. J. W. Chickering. D. Consolida L. Introduced and spreading copiously. May^ June. Aconitum reclinatum Gray. Mountains of East Tenn. Coptis trifolia Salisb. Higher Alleghanies. Tlninderhead. June. TENNKSSKE FI.ORA. J 1 Xmithon-hiza^apiifolia J/Hor. IJaiiks uf evcrv iiKniiilain «tream. East Ten n. Maivli-April. Hydrastis Canadensis L. liich woods ; v.tv (•(.ininui,. Apiil. May. Actaea alba I5Igel. Rich woocllauds. May. A. spicata var. nibl'a;2Michx. Moist, rich and >lia in the ^. t.*>< State. The largest trees are thought to be found along Missis- sippi bottoms in Obion Co., and to nua-ure above l')<» feet i»i«^h. Mav. ANONACE.E. Asimina triloba Dnnal. Commonly a shrub S- 10 feet high, but also found a small, slim tree (J-S inches diameter and 'Jo feet high, in the rich bottoms of Cumberl. and Tenn. rivers. March. s» 22 TENNESSEE FLOE A. MENISPERMACE.E. Calyeoearpiim Lyoiii Nutt. River bottoms, climbing high. May-' III no. Cocculns Caroliiius L. On bushes in open fields and climbing high in moist woodlands. July-Angust. Meiiisperimiin Cauadeiise L. River bottoms, with the former. Julv. BERBERIDACE^E. Caiilopliylliiiii tlialicti'oides Michx. In deep leaf-mould. Fre- quent in Cumberland Mts and Alleghanies. April. Diphylleia cymosa Michx. Roane Mts. Prof. Chickering. Also Smoky Mts. May-June. Jeffei'sonia diphylla Persoon. Rocky woodlands, over the State. In limestone soil. Harpeth ridge. May. Podophyllum peltatuiii L. Rich woodlands, every where. April-^Iav. NYMPH^ACE^. Braseuia peltata Pursh. Ponds and lagoons. Not frequent. Swamp in Jones^ Bend, near Edgefield Junction. July. Cahomba Caroliniana Gray. Cypress swamps, Johusonvillcy W. Tenn. July-August. Nelunibiuiii luteum Willd. Lagoons along Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. Shelby Pond, near Nashville. July. Nuphar advena Ait. Very frequent, in the lower course of Cumberland Mts. streams. June-Sept. Nyiiiplia^a odorata Ait. In a pond at the Lunatic Asylum grounds near Nashville. Said to be in the State. PAPAVERACE.E. Argeuioue Mexicaiia L. O. S., In and near towns and villages, Styloplioruiu dipliylluui Nutt. Rich woods. Harpeth hills^ near Nashville. April-May. Papaver soimiiferuin L. Occasionally escaped, but not in- clined to spread. July-August. P. diibiuui L. Waste grounds in Nashville. Old cemetery. June. TKNNF.S8KK FLOHA. 23 Saii^iiiiiai'ia Canadensis L. Over tlw wli..Iu State in rieh soil. April-Mav. 1' IMAIMACKJ;. Dieentraruonllai'ia DC In leaf hk.hI.L ^lia.jv mvin.^. Ilar- peth liills near Nashville. Api-il. D. Cauadeiisis DC;. Cunilx-rlaiul iiioimtain-. < iral; < )r(liard, etc. May. D. eximia DC. Only on Dow river, (art.-r Co., I.nt there abundant. June-July. AdUnnia cirrhosa Raf. In the valley of Dow riv( i\ along narrow gauge railroad, leading to Cranehcn-y iron work-, al.un- daut. Corydalis flavnia DC. Woods and thiekets. Xashville. G. r/Iauca Pursh. ^Mountain gorges on Dow river. JCast Tenn. August. CRUCIFKILK. Nastnrtium officinale R. Rr. Springs and i)rooklets. Ka.st and Middle Tenn. April-May. Indigenous. N. lacustre Gray. Swamps of Tennessee and Cninberland rivers. (Johnsonville). July. N. sessilifloruni R. Br. Wet meadows and ditches. Common. May- August. N. Armoracia Fries. Horseradish. In cultixaiion, and here and there near gardens. Leavenworthia Micliauxii Torr. Cedar glades. Middle Tenn. Lavergne. April-]N[ay. ^L. torulosa Gray. n. sp. First collected in Isijo in vicinity of Vanderbilt University grounds. Abounds about Nashville and over the cedar glades of Middle Tenn. April. ^Leavennorthia tmuloHa Gr:iy. Silique linear. con^picuouBly toroee; style fully equallinoj the hrejultli of the silique : seeds broadly oval, nar- rowly winpjed; radicle nearly transverse, strictly Hpi)lied to the edges of the colyledons at the base on one side: j)etals purplish with a yellowish spot towards the claw. Either stemless or cauh'.-ceiu. ascending from a spreading procumbent V)ase, with several sometimes ultimately forking pedicels. Generally 4-."), but lHr.i;e specimens someinnes *J inches high, and spreading over a square foot of ground. The fre.-h herbage has tlie taste of watercress and is well ad:i])teil for loblc u.-e. Vide /A^. Gat., March, 1880. 24 TENNESSEE FLORA. *L. stvlosa Grav. n. sp. Discovered in the cedar glades 1 mile east of Laveriine, 17 miles from Nashville, in 1869. Also found near Green Hill, in Wilson Co., Tenn. April. Dentaria diphylla Michx. Banks of Cumberland, Nashville. April. D. laciniata, Miihlb. Hills around Nashville. March-April. D. niultifida, Miihlb. East Tenn. Roane Co. April. Cardaniine rhoniboidea DC. Low grounds. Vicinity of race- track at Nashville. May. C. Ckinatitis Shuttl. Highest mountains of East Tenn. Roane Mt. Prof. Chickering. Clingman Dom 6500'. June-July. ('. hirsuta L. Low swampy grounds. April-May. Var. sylvatica Gray. Dry woodlands. March-May. Arabis Ludoviciana Meyer. Fields and roadsides, abundant. March, May. A. deutata Torr & Gray. Low, rich grounds. O. S. March- May. A. Canadensis Liv. Rocky woodlands. O. S. April. A. patens Sulliv. Along Ocoe river, East Tenn., etc. A. bevi^'ata DC. Rocky woodland, cliffs along Cumberland and 'M\]\ creek. April-May. Til (^li podium piunatifldum Wats Rich hillsides. Frequent around Nashville. April-May. Brassica Sinapistrnm Boiss. In cultivated grounds. * Lpavenwmihia stylosa Gray. Habitus the same like the former, but a little more slender. It is also either stemless or caulescent, not strictly stemless, like Dr. Gray thought it to be from stemless specimens sent to him. Robust, plants have the ascending stems terminating with a fasciculate inflorescence. Silicle broadly oval or oblong and 2 lines wide and 5-12 lines long, plane, surmounted by a slender style 3-4^ lines long : Seeds 8-6 orbicular, distinctly Avinged; embryo as in the preceding; petals during anthesis pure golden yellow throughout, marcescent and ehrivolling they turn to a purplish-white. First collected in the cedar barrens at Lavergne, one mile southeast from the station, June 2, 1879, in a springy spot associated with Isoetes Buttleri and Schconolirium Carolinianum. Also found in a similar spot near Green Hill, Wilson Co. Leavenivorthia Michauxii Torr. occurs in the same locality close by, is always much smaller ; stigma sessile or subsessile. Ttie name Cardamine unifiora may have originated in an oversight of robuster specimens or a too early collection. Vide Bot. Gaz., March, 1880. Library TKNNKSSKK KI.(»KA. 25 B. alba Gray. Ki-ecjuciitly ciiltivalc <1 and ocajiin;:. Mav. B. Dlgra Koch. Escaped. B. campestris. Cultivattd and escaping into waste grounds. Draha biacliycarpa Nutt. (cdar hville, covering the ground in great patches, visible miles distant. April-May. Sisymbriuni olfleiliale Scop. Ditches and roadsides, ev«ry- where. May- June. Thlaspi arvense L. Common weed. March-June. flesperis inatroualis L. Introduced. Alongside a fence in Mrs. Cheatham\s gardens, Nashville. May. Lepidiiim Virgiiiiciim L. O. S., along roadsides. May— Inly. ^. ;.f..t Senebiera Coronopus J^. Vacant town lots. Mcmphi-. Dr. O. Egeling. RaphamiS sativus L. Escapes sometimes iniix.pen lield>. CAPPARIDAGE.E. rieome piingeus Willd. Scattered (). S. Ahundant in low woodlands along Tennessee river near ( 'hattanooga. .hine-.Iiilv. Polanisia graveolens Raf. Alonu- K. K. in Dixon ( 'o.. Middle, Tenn. Also West Tenn. July. CISTACK.K. lleliantheinum Canadenxc Michx. r)iadh\ < '".. Ka-' i-'un. near Charleston. April-]\Iay. Lecliea major Michx. O. S. July-August. L. milKH' Walter. Barrens of Middle Tenn. and mountain^ of East Tenn. July-August. L.teimifolia Michx. Cuml)erland and Alleghanv Mt^. July- August. 26 TENNESSEE FLORA. L. thyinifolia Pursli. Dry rocky glades, Middle Tenii. July- August. L. Di'iimnioudii Torr. c'c Gray. Cedar glades, Lavergne. May- June. VIOLACE^E. huiidimii coucolor Barth. & Hook. O. S. April-May. Viola pubesceiis Ait. Harpeth hills, near Xashville, etc. Var. ei'iocarpa Xult. Rich woods of the Cumberland Mts. and banks of Cumberland river at Xashville. April. v. eaniua L. var. sylvestris Kegel. Damp woodlands, East Tenn. March-April. V. striata Ait. O. S. Frequent in vicinity of Xashville. K>^^ April-May. V. Canadensis L. Cumberland and Alle2:hanv Mts. May- July. V. pedata L. Over the whole State. A^ar. bicolor Pursh., with the former. April-May. V. sailic('oiis soil-. Ilaipeili hills and vicinity of Nashville to ]\a>t Teiiii. Jiilv. P. polygdina \\w\{. i^ast Tenn. l-'re(iiieiit. r. SenoiLra L. Kast 'remi. Var. latifolia Torr. cV: (Jray. X'ieinity (.1' Na-liville. May- June. CARYOIMl VLLACK/i:. ^^^_ ^ ''.^ Sapoiiaria olficinalis L. Intrfxhieed l»nt now dividu^ed over the whole State. July-Auirnsi. Sileue autilTllina J.. Fields and waste places. May. 8. Pennsylvanica Miehx. Cninberland and Alle. May. aS'. rotundifolia Nutt. High (difls of C'uini)erland Mt>.. on sandstone ledges near Sewanee. Lookout Mt., summit of. May- June. S. stellata Ait. Open woodlands. Common, duly. S. nivea DC. Mountains on i^niory river ahove Kingston, East Tenn. Apparently very rare I Lychnis Githa^O r^am. In wheat and rye-lields. May. Ai^enar la glabra Wichx. Highest parts of Cumberland and Allegheny Mts. July. (Lookout Mt.) A. patllla Miehx. Cedar (Jlades of Middle 'renn.,aU.> i\n.>\- ville, East Tenn. April-May. A. serpyllilblia L. Dry, roc ky ground^. Manh-May. A. diffusa Elliott. liieh, >hady >oiI. May-dune. Stellaria media Smith. Troublesome weed in (•uliivaU'»l grounds. Flowering summer and winter. S. pubera Mielix. Ridi woodland^. Apiil-May. S. crassilolia F^hrh. Moist and ro(dsilin L. Less copious thati the former. Dry uphuuis. April-^Iay. /^ 28 TENNESSEE FLORA. ('. ol>lou^^ifoliuni Turr. Cedar glades. May-June. ('. nutans Kaf. Moist ground and hillsides. May-June. Sa^nna apetala L. Damp soil. Pavements in Nashville. Marcli-Aiiril. PARONYCHIE.E. Paronychia argyrocoma Nutt. High mountains of East Tenn. August. Prof. Chickering. Anycliia dichotonia Willd. Dry rocky woodlands. A. capillacea DC. With the former. July-August. PORTULACACE^E. Portnlaea oleraeea L. Fields and gardens. June-September. P. ^randiflora Hook. Frequently cultivated in flower-gardens and therefrom self-sowing. June-September. Talinnni teretifoliuni Pursh. Crevices of rocks in the cedar glades. July-August. Claytonia Vir^inica L. Woods and pastures. March-May. C. Caroliniana Michx. Mountains of East Tenn. Ducktown. Mav. HYPERICINE^. Ascynini Trux Andreje L. Siliceous formation. July-Sept. A. stans Michx. Mountain bogs. July- August. A. hypericoides L. Cleveland, Ea^t Tenn., Chilhowee Mts. June-July. Hypericum prolificmn L. East Tenn., Middle Tenn. and Craggy-hope, Dixon Co. June-July. Var. montanum Mihi. Frog Mts., Polk Co. July. *H. lobocarpum, n. sp. Hollow Rock, West Tenn. July. "H. lahocarpum Gattinger, n. sp. S3pals linear-lanceolate, small, unequal, 1^-3 lines long. Petals unequal, unsymmetric, 3-6 lines long, reflected, early deciduous. Capsule iive-celled, deeply five-lobed, lanceo- late, tapering into a long beak. Carpels almost distinct, and at full maturity falling away from a central axis. Seeds 1 mm. lonjr, incurved, apiculate, striate lengthwise, transversely groove t. Leaves linear, obtuse, slightly mucronate, attenuate downwards, pale underneath." Shrub, 5-7 feet high, with upright branches. Low swampy lands in the orange sand formation at Hollow Kock, Carroll Co., West Tennessee. First collected in fruit in 1867, and again Juh^ 1886, in flower. Only two shrubs found, in very swampy ground, at the time nearly inaccessible. I have since received specimens of a Hvpericum Libelled H. proliticum, "collected by Dr. H. E. Hasse of Little Rock, Ark., in wet pine barrens," which prove to be the same species. • TENNESSEE FI.oKA. _'!> H. Kalmiiianmn L. var. inajii-. IJarnii- at 'riilialKUiia. July. o-<) feet lni;li and of !n<»i-<- rolm-t lial)il than tin- nand\ -.il everywhere. Jidy. ElodeacailipaiUllataPursh. /;. 17/v/////«7/ Xntt. liiv.r— and swamps near Nashville, duly- August. E. petiolataPursh. Swamps, Middle and We>t Tenn. diily- September. TERx\STK(EMIACK.i:. Stuartia pcntagijna I/IIer. Cuinb.'rland and Allegheny Mi-. June. / ■ ii 30 TENNESSEE FLORA. MALYACE.^. Abiitilon Aviceuna* Gaertn. Waste places. Jiily-August. 3I.ilva rotund ifolia L. Around dwellings. June-September. Calliri'Iia'alejeoidesGray. Copses near Brown's creek. Nash- ville. Found only once. Xapaea-dtmca L. Upper East Tenn. near Johnson City. June-Auijnst. Malvastruni aiigustiiin Gray. Rocky ground and open glades, ^riddle Tenn. Very abundant. July-August. Sida Elliottii Torr. tfc Gray. Cedar glades. Lavergne. Edge- field Junction. July-August. S. spinosa L. Troublesome weed in pastures and fields. July- September. Hibiscus Mosheiltos L. River banks and swamps. July. H. militaris Cav. River banks and bottom lands. A white variety near Xashville. June-July. H. Trioniini L. Frequently cultivated in flower gardens, and thence escaped. July-August. TILIACE^. Tilia Americana L., v?iY pubescens Land. Mountains of East Tenn. Oeoe river. T. heterophylla Vent. Rich woodlands and along river banks. Nashville. LINAGE.^. Linuin Virgiuiamim L. Dry open woodlands. June. L. striatum Walt. Cedar and oak barrens. June. L. usitatissininni Linn. Waifs occasionally found near dwell- ings. L. sulcatum Riddel. Near Hickman, and East Tenn. July. GERANIACE^. Geranium maculatum L. Rich woodlands. June-July. G. Caroliuiauuni L. Waste places. Common. May-June. Floerhea prober pina cold es^'^'xW^. Low moist grounds. Val- ey of East Tenn. April-June. T RS S KSS !•: K I ' L( ) K A . 31 Impatiens pallida XuU. 'Unrkcts almicr cn-cks :m.l vj.rinirs. July-SeptemlHT. I. fulva Xutt. With the former. ( ). S. .Iiiii.-Scpt.iiiljer. Oxalis Acetosella L. Siiniinit ofhiirh Ml-, of l^-i-i T.-mi. .Iiilv. (ThuDclerhead, Roane Mt.) 0. violacea L. Rocky place.s. \'erv roimii.,ii. M:i\ -.Iihr.. 0. stricta li. Copses and niaririns of woodhmd-. X'crv varia- ble in size of flowers. May-Septeniljer. RUTACK.K. Xailthoxyluni AniericailUin Mill. Hills vicinity of Nashville. (Charlotte pike, copses beyond Edgefield, etc.) April-Mav. Pteleatrifoliata L. A common shrnb in the limestone regions of Tennessee. May-Jnnc. simarube.t:. Ailantlms ^laildulosa Desf. Perfectly natural i/((l. W'idelv spreading over the State. May. MELIACE.E. Melia Azedarach L. Formerly fre(|ii('ntly planted around dwellings, and sometimes found on deserted liomesteads. It i> gradually dying out. Better adapted is Keehlreutera panieiilata DC. Lat( ly int rod need. ilicixej:. Ilex opaea Ait. Mountains. Cumberland and Allcglunies. Also in islands of Cumberland and Tennessee rivers, where it grows to a stately tree with '20" diaiuectr and 4()-50 feet high. June. Ilex decidua Walter, lirownsvillc, \\'( st Tenn. May. 1. mollis Gray. Cumberland Mts. Summit of Lookout Mt. May. /. monticola Cray. Smoky Mts., 10:i>t Tcnu. May. ^emopanthes Canadensis DC. Mts. at Cowan. August. ■""^ CELASTRACE Jv Celastrus Hcdndcufi^ j\\\\\. l>rownsville, \\'e-i Ic nn. May-dune. EvoiiyillUS AlliericailUS L. Rich woodlands. .lune. E. ati'opurpni'eiis Jacc]. River baidli:i)»(lv. April. Jlseillus ^'labra WilM. Vcrv al)iin(l:nit in tl»«- l.arnn^ nf Middle Tenn, May. 1^. flava Ait. Ivich woods, e.sj)ecially in tlic nionntain-. Ajwil. Var. piirpurasceiis, small slirul), lovint: ravine - and -liadv gorges. East Tenn. May. *J]. Pavia L. Prospect Station, Giles Co., Tenn. Cardiospeinuiin Halicacabiiiii L. Waste places arotmd dwell- ings. June-September. Stapliylea tril'olia L. Thickets in rich, m()i>t >'.il. Aj.ril. AXACAKDIACE.E. Rhus typliiiia L. Hillsides. June. R. glabra L. Poor soils and deserted farmlands. .Inne. R. COpallina L. Hills and rocky siliceous soils. July. E,. venenata DC. Swampy or boirgy lands, especiallv in tin- mountains. June. R. Toxicodeudrum L. In all woodland.-. June. R. aromatiea x4.it. Limestone regions of Middle Tenn. April- May. leguminosj:. Lupinus perennis L. Rich hillsides, I)uckto\vn, East Tenn. (Smelting works at Hiwassee.) May. Crotolaria sagittalis L. Sandy soil. Tnllahonia. Panidi^e ridge. June-July. Trifoliiiiii arvense L. Old fichl- and pastni-.>. Joh.-.lniv . T. prateiise L. Largely cnltival.d and lVr(|uentlv s|M.nta- ueous. July. T. reflexuin I^. Cedar ban-ens, rocky hill> along 1- laiiKlin pike, Nashville. April-May. T. repeilS L. Common everywhere. Ma\ . T. procundxMls L. Very abundant over the whole State, in old fields and pastures. May. ^yE^culus Hippocastanum L. Is sunietim«vs phmiiMl l.nt .ntin-lv unadapted to our climate. 34 TENNESSEE FEORA. T. stol(Hiii'eruni Michx. Fouiul in one locality where reflexuni ai)onmls (Kranklin ])ike). It is perhaps only a form of reflexnm or a hybrid. May- J line. Melilotlius alba Lam. Around dwellings, vacant town lots and grass plots in Nasliville. June-July. M. offirinalis Willd. Waste grounds. May- June. Mediea^'o lupiilina L. Grass plots in Nashville, Capitol grounds. June. M. sativa L. Occasionallv cultivated, becoming naturalized. July. Psoralea Onobrychis Xutt. Paradise ridge, etc. l^ot frequent. June. P. nielilotoides Michx. Hills around Nashville. May-June. P. subaeaiilis Torr. & Gray. Cedar glades and rocky hills around Nashyille. April-May. Balea alopecuroides Willd. Frequent in West Tenn. July- August. Petalostemoii violaceus Michx. Davidson's farm, in a cedar glade on the Charlotte pike, near Nashville. June. P. caiididus Michx. Near tunnel at Cowan; also Paradise ridge near Nashville. July. P. foliosns Nutt. Frequent in the cedar glades around Nash- ville. July. P. decumbens Nutt. Lavergne, Trabue's place on Mill creek, near Nashville, and other points in the cedar barrens. A white variety occurs at Lavergne. June. Aiiiorpha fruticosa L. Banks of Cumberland river, Nash- ville, etc. May. A. Tennessiensis ^\\\\ii\\\ . High mountains of East Tenn. and on tlie banks of mountain streams. Parksville, Polk Co.; Wolf creek, Coke Co. A. fruticosa var. Caroliniana S. Watson. Syn. Robinia Pseudaeacia L. Rich soil, O. S. April-May. R. hispida L. Lookout Mts., Chattanooga. Specimens flow- erini;- when only a span high are found near summit. (R. hisp. var. nana Elliott.) May. Wistaria frutescens DC. Low bottoms and banks of Cum- berland river, CockrilFs bend. April-May. 'rKNNESSEK ri.<»i;A. 35 Tephi'osia Vir^iniana l\rs. Drv, siliceous soils; uak bar- rens ; common. .lunc. T. spicata Torr.cV (iray. In .simc localities with tlic rorim r. June-July. Astra^-alus Canadensis !.. ('litl> alonu ( 'iimlxrland an >oil>. Harpeth hills, East Tenn ; frerpient. August. Desniodium acuminatum DC. Rich woodland-, duly. D. Canadense DC. Cumberland Mts. ; apparently rare in Tennessee. Cowan. July. D. canescens DC. Highlands of Middle Tenn. duly-Au- gust. D. ciliare DC. Barrens. July- August. D. cuspidr.tum Hook. Siliceous formation. Kidgetop. duly- August. D. Dillenii Darl. Very common. duly-August. D. humifusuni Beck. Greenbrier, Kidgctop, etc. Highlands. July— August. D. la'vigatum DC. With the former. Harjteth hills. duly- August. D. Mai'ilandirum lioott. Cedar and oak barrens. August- September. 1). nudifloi'um DC. liich w.)ods. duly-Augu>t. I), paniculatum DC. Terhap- the most common species in limestone and siliceous st)ils. August. 1). paucitllM'Um DC. Deep ricii soils in shady gronn.ls. Har- peth hills, etc. duly-August. I), rigidum DC. Cedar glades, Lavcrgnc. August. 1). rotundifolium DC. Kocky woodlands, hills near Na-h- ville. August. Var.'^^labratum Cray. l*araespe(leza reticulata Persh. Barrens of Middle Tenn., Har- ])etli hills. Aurust. L. reticulata, var. augnstifolia Maxim. Cedar glades. July- August. L. stuvei Xutt. Highlands of Middle Tenn. August-Sep- tember. L. capitata Michx. Oak barrens at Tullahoma. July-Au- gust. L. hii'ta Ell. Siliceous formation. July-August. L. striata Hook. Over the whole State. Strictly avoiding limestone soils. Occurs in the remotest parts of the country and has been collected by me thirty years ago in East Tenn. It vir- tually carpets the ground. Vicia iVuiericana Miihlb. Thickets, vicinitv of Nashville, etc. May. V. niicrautha Xutt. Copses and ^Yoods. April-May. V. Caroliuiana Walt. Highlands of Middle Tenn., but rare. Common in East Tenn. May. Rliynchosia touientosa Hook. Dickson Co. Erequent in the gravelly hills of lower East Tenn. July. Phaseolus paucitlorus Benth. Imperfect specimens from near lunatic asylum, Xashville. Apios tuberosa Mcench. Bottom lands in moist thickets. August-September. Phaseolus diversifolius Fersoon. Cumberland Mts. June-Sep- tember. Ph. helvolus L. Very common in the barrens. June-Sep- tember. Ph. perennis Walt. Brownsville, West Tenn. August. I i;nm:ssi:i: ii.(»k a Clitoriil Mui'iailU L. iMar^^iii «.r llii«-krt> ami ill l)arr«i».-. JiiiK'-July. ('enti'oscma Vir^iniana ImiuIi. Div, ojhii <:la(l«'- ami liarnMi--. Jinic-Scpiciiihcr. Ampliicarpa'a inoiioica Nuit. Ui.li, (iamj> \\.)«Mllaii.U. Au- giist-Septcinlx'i'. (ilalactia in(»liis Midix. (\>inin<>ii in all ixlado.- ami harn-n-. May-S('}>ti'inl)('r. («. pil(Ksa FJliott. While Lliitl", l)i<-k-(.ii ('.). N-a i:r<. .Inly. Baptisia australis U. r>i-. C.dai- ulado at LavrrLNw. .lum- July. B. alhn lil. Bv. Cameron hill. ( "iiMiiaiio.Mja : Mt--. of Ka-t Tenn.; Ducktowii. Jimc-Jiilv. B. tindona R. l]r. Mt.s. of Hast r.im. Lockout Mi. .Inly. T/iennopsis fraxinifolia M. A. Curtis. RcL^ion of coi.j.cr mines, East Tenn. May-June. *Tli. Caroliiiiana M. A. Curtis. Mountains alonir ()';«»e riv.T, East Tenn., and also frequent on summit of IIar|)«'ih rnli:*' ami Paradise ridge. May. riadi'astis finctoi'ia llaf. Hills south (»f Nashville. Vn-vs attaining three feet diameter, but never otherwise than hollow. May-June. Cei'cis Canadensis I., iiieh hillsid.-s. March- April. Cassia Marylandica L. lioUom laud>and f.-n.-.-mu-. .Itilv- Augnst. C. Tora L. River bottoms, low mar-hy grouiuN. -Inly. C. CluTniiHCrista C. Suimy .-xpoMircs in «^audy -nil. .luly- Angust. * Therm^WHi.^ CarMniana M. Curtis, is a slrikmi: mstaneo of disirihii- tion of species in wi.ldv .hstMnt cloni^^H. I lirsi noliccil iho plant ni tho central ran^-e of the Bi-Frn^Mts.,neartl>e copper mmes at I)ucktoxvn.h^».-*t Tenn , in ISGO, in soils dcrivc.l from qnart/ite.s and l)lack routmfj f.lato.>. in numbers, hut not irenenilly dissenunatci over the reiinm. Ap.m 1 came upon it, in ISTO.On the n.p «>f the nd^es wh.ch encrdo Y^hv.lle. These rid^resare capped with .silicc<,us chcru-. winch n-.-l on llie bluck Devonian shale. ;i8 TKNNFSSEK FLORA. ('. iiictitans L. W'ith the former. July-August. (iyiiinocladiis Canadensis Lam. Hill-sides in rich soil, vicin- ity ot' Nashville; also in Upper East Tenn. April. (ileditschia triacantlios F.. Over the State, especially in the lilades. June. ^'. ,iioit(j.spenna Walt. In the cy])ress swamps and along sti-cains in West Tenth July. Schraukia au^ustata Torr. v&Gray. Open, dry glades and hill- sides, East and Middle Tenn. June-August. Sch. II, 1 1 N((f a WiWd. Near Brownsville, AVest Tenn. August. Desniautliiis braehylobus Benth. Very frequent in the cedar glades. July. ROSACEJE. Pl'unilS Americana L. Shrub or tree, common in rich and poor lands. March. P. Chickasaw Michx. Formingsraall thickets of circular out- line, oldest in the center, young ones on the outskirts; also in fence-corners, etc. March. P. Chickhsaw-Americana. Popularly known as "Wild Goose Plum." Frequent in Middle Tenn. P. spinosa L. A{)parently introduced and cultivated on Hills- borough pike, twelve miles west of Nashville. April. P. Virginiana L. Mountains of East Tenn., especially on the higher ones. May. P. serotina Ehrh. In rich uplands over the State. June. P Pcnasylvanica L. Mountainous districts and high ridges of East Tenn. On Clingman-Dom, 5000', occurs a variety with narrow lanceolate leaves. May-June. P. Pci'sica Benth. & Hooker. The peach is often found wild in woods and hedges. March-April. Ncillia opnlifolia E. Kockv river banks, mouth of Mill creek, near Nashville. May. Spiraea Aruncus L. Rich, moist woodlands here and there. une. J S. tomentosa L. In swampy regions of the highlands (Fount- ainhead, Sumner Oo.). Julv S. tenxp:ssk!-: fi.oka. 39 Oilleuia trifoliata Mociidi. \l\rU \vn(Ml>. r>i).cially in tin- eastern part ol' the Stale Jul v. (i. stipulacea Xutl. liich woods, hilU vi<-initv i^i' Na.sliville. June-July. Agl'iinouia Kupatoria I.. Common. .Inly -Scpti inber. A. parvillora Ait. Prevalent in MidJI** 'l\nn., and very abundant. July-Augu.st. Geuiii albuiii Smel. Bordc rs (;t' woods ovir tiie State. May- July- August. G. vernuill Torr. & Gray. Common. March-April. G. geniculatum Michx. High Mts. of EastTenn. Uoane Ml. Prof. Chickering. August. G. radiatnm Michx. Roane Mt. Prof, ("hiekering. Waldsteinia fragarioides Tratt. Mountains of East Tcnn., Ocoe valley. June-July. Potentilla Caiiadensis L. Dry, barren fields. May-July. P. Slipiua L. Near Hiekman and Johnsonville. \V<-t T.iui. Moist ground. July-August. F. tridentata Ait. Sumnjit of Little Frog Mt., East Tt-un. Fra^aria Virginiaiia Duchesne. Borders of woods, etc March-April. var. lIlilKHlsis Gray. In the cedar glades of Middh.' Tenu. April-May. F. vesca L. Open woodlands and rocky places. F. Illdica \j. Adv. ( )ld graveyard, Nashville. May-Jnuc. Riibm odoratds L. Higher Mts. of East Tenn. and the adjoiuing gorges ; along Ocoe river, above I'arksvillc ; \V\i: Froi; Mt. June. R. Caiiadeiisls h. Over the State, but more tVcipicnlly in the Cumberland and Alleghany Mts. May. R. oecideutalis L. Hillsides and wc-tllands. duly. R. stri^(>siis Michx. Woods and copses. More common around Nashville than the former. June. R. villosus Ait. bV'iice-rows and wa-tc ground-. .lune. var. fiMMubjsus (iray and var. iMimifusus (Jray arc frccpicntlv m. i with; al-. tlu 40 TENNESSEE FLORA. varit'tv with white fruit occurs here and there. (Cleveland, East Tenn.) R. ciiueifolins Pursh. In sandy and siliceous soils. R. ti'ivialis Michx. Sandy soils, common. April-May. K. liispidus L. Wet and swampy localities; highlands and Mts. June. Rosa Carolina L. Low grounds and river swamps; Nash- ville, etc. June-July. R. liiiiiiilis Marsh. Rocky river banks and cedar glades. May. R. sefi^era Michx., var. tomentosa Torr. & Gray. Abundant in the barrens of Middle Tenn. May. R. rubi^inosa L. Roadsides and old fields. June. R. braefeata Wendel. Old homesteads and hedges; Xolins- ville pike, six miles from Nashville. June-July. R. pinipiiiellifolia L. Introduced by early settlers; confined to old homesteads. July. (Col. Prosser's farm). B. canina L. is credited to East Tenn., but has never been found by me. Crataegus coccinea L. From the summit of the Smoky Mts. to the lowlands of West Tenn. April. ('. eordata Ait. Rocky glades around Nashville. May. C. Crns Galli L. Common. May. var. ovalitblia Lindl. With the former. May. €. flava Ait., var. piibescens Gray. Copses, Middle Tenn. April. C. Pyracautha Pers. Low meadow near Hydt's ferry. May. 0. siibvillosa Schrader. Low tree or shrub, attaining a trunk of diameter of 18'. A'^icinity of Nashville, in rich soil. April. C. tomentosa L. var. pyrifolia Gray. Thickets around Nashville. var. punctata Jacq. With the former. April-May. Pyrus Americana DC. Summit of Smokv Mts. Clingman- Dom, 6000'. July. P. sambueiJoUa Chevn. & Schlecht. Cultivated in a garden in Winchester, Franklin Co. Not in the mountains! P. an^ustifolia Ait. Middle and East Tenn. Bon Air, Dickson Co. Ajiril. i TKNNESSEK KI,<)RA. 41 P. arbutifoUa L. Mountain 1)(»<:-, ( "inulx-ilaml and Allc^'lia- uies. May, \SiV. melanocarpd. KUiol. Laiir.-l tliickcts. Scwanc*-. Mav. P. Coi'Oliai'ia J.. Hariu'th hill^. n.ar .liid-jr .Inlm M. Ixie's farm, at tlie foot of the hills. Mardi-A pril. Amektncluer Canadensis Toir. i\j (Jrav. j-'idni ilu- hi^h mountains to the valleys of 'J\'nn('s<('(' river. .\|»ril. var. H()tl'yapilini Wilhl. S\vani)is of \\'(-t and Middle Tenn. April-May. 8AXIFliA(;A(KJ:. Ribes Cyiiosbati L. At the educ of a «'edar iilade near For- sterville. B. I'otundifoUum Miehx. Sunnnit of K(tan<' and Sni<.k\ Mt-. June. Itcea Virglnica L. Mts. of East Tenn. and ey])r<-- >\vanijt> of West Tenn. July. Hydrangea arborescens L. J^lidK-alonir ('nndx-rland and other streams. June- July. \{\Y. cor data Torr. (Sz (iiay. Iwinks of ( )('0( river, ahove Parksville, East Tenn. July. H. radiata Walter. Cataraet at Tnllahoina : ( 'uniherlan*! Mts., ahove Sewanee ; summit of J^ookout Mt. dune-July. Decumaria barbara L. Koeks aloni;- ( )<'oe river. June. Philadel])llllS birsutllS Xutt. Clilfs on ("umheiland river: ascent of ridge at Baker's station. May. Parnassia Caroliniana Miehx. Cninherland and Alh-u:hany Mts. May-June. P. aKarifol'ia, Vent. Big Frog Mt., l^ast Tenn. Astilbe decandra'Don. Damp woods, especially in the mount- ains. July. Saxifraga Vir^^nuiensis Mielix. i*'rom the mountain- to W est Tenn. Mareh-April. S. Carejjana Gray. Roane Mi. Fred waiii|»- along rivers, etc. July-September. Lythrum alatum Piirsh. Borders of spi-iiiL,^- and livulets, near Cleveland, East Tenn. Jidy. Clipluea petiolata K(ehne. (Ciiplt. risntsissinm .]:u-i^.) Aii-ju-t- September. DecocJo)iverticill(fti(s FA\. [Xcsmi v€r(ici//(((t. G. Jiiipcs S\y .jrtaily. var. irrandillora is eouuuou around Nasliville. June-S-p- tcmber. (E. fnitieosa E. ( ). S. Kakcr's >taiinu. on th.- rid^gr. ^ .Inly, var. hirsuta Xutt. In tlir poor, chcriy >oils of Ha>t Tmn. ; Cleveland, Bradley Co. July. ^I adopt the revision of Lythnwcje by K. K'«ehne, vide n-f On- . vt:l. X. no. o. 44 TENNESSEE FLORA. . May- June. Th. aureuni Xutt. Woodlands, ('ommoii. .Iun«'. Th. tl'iloliatuni (Jray. With the i'nrnu'r. dune-.Iuly. Zizia integerviina DC. Mountains ot" Ma-t Tenn.. r.speeially the higher ones. June-July. Bupleuruni rotnndil'oliuni L. l>ry hilU eontigunus to the citv of Xashville (Fort Xaigele) ; also in the eedar glades on tlu- Lebanon pike. May-June. 46 TEN NESS ep: feora. Discopleura capilhicea Xutt. Some specimens on the grounds of the Motgomerv-Bell Academy. Introchiced. D. Xiittalli l^C. Dam]) woods vicinity of Cleveland, East Tenn. July. Ciciita iiiaculata L. Along streams. July. CryptotaMiia Canadensis DC. Common in low, damp woods. June-September. CliaciM^phyllum Tainturieri Hooker. Yery abundant in Mid- dh" Tenn. April-May. rii. proenmbens L. Rich, moist woods, Nashville. April. Osniorrliiza lou^istylis DC. Rich woodlands May-June. Eiilophus Americanus Xutt. Thickets along Charlotte pike ; also on Murfreesborough pike. May-June. Eri^eni I bulbosa Xutt. Rich woodlands. Common. March- April. ARALIACE^. Aralia spinosa L. Very copious in the glades of Middle Tenn. July. A. racemosa L. Highlands of Middle Tenn. ; hills along Charlotte pike, twelve miles north of Xashville. June. A. hispida Michx. Mountains of East Tenn.; DuclUown. June. A. nudicaulis L. Cumberland Mts., near Sewanee. June- July. A. (luinquefolia Decaisne & Planchon. Rich woods over the S-tate, but everywhere rare. Harpeth hills, near Xashville. July. CORNACE^. Cornns florida L. In all localities. March-xApril. G. alternifolia L. East Tenn. C. stolonifera Miehx. Banks of rivers and streams. May. C. asperifolia Michx. Copses and dry ground. May-June. C. sei'icea L. Wet places. Common. May. Nyssd Caroliniana Poir. Along mountain streams. East Tenn. ; Parksville; also Hollow Rock, West Tenn. May. 'I K N N Khh i: K I 1 . ( » 1 : A . 47 N. imiltiflora Wander. (). S., csncciallv in tin- l»:irr. n-. April-May. N. unifloi'a Walt. Swampy laii.l- <.ii Taiadisc rid^r. Wc-ht Tenn. April. CAIMMMI-OIJACKJ-:. Saiiibiicus Caiia^leiisis L. W a>t<- pla( ( >. A'ihnrinim Opuliis L. Discrtid liomr.stcad.s. 'Ihc cultivated variety only. V. aGerijoliuni \j. ( 'iniihcrland and A ll(«:lianv Mt-. .Mav- Jiine. T". hintanoidc.s Michx. i\I()nntain> ol" l']a>t Tenn. .]\\\\. V. iHldlllU L. Swajiipy lands in the luirrcns and in (lie iiiniini- ains. May-June. V. pninii'oliiiin Ti. Dry irronnd. Small trt-c. May. Tl'iosteiiiil peiroliatuin L. I^x.i of ihc monntaius at C'(»\\an. May- June. Syniphoricarpus vulgaris Mid> and barrens, climljinL' hio^h. June-Auo-ust. L. Sullirantii Gray. ^lountains of East Tenn. \'iili(iray Flora, vol. 1, 2, p. 17. Dieri'ilUi irijida Ma'uch. ( 'undx-rland and All(i:lian\ Mi-. June-August. D. sessilifolia Jienklcy. Summit (d' Lookout Mt., along brooklets; Lula falls, dune-duly. RUIUACE.E. Houstonia CdTulea L. Moist. ..pin Lnound. April-An^msi. H. serpy/ilfolld INlielix. CovcrinLr the irround in tin- Ingh mountains. July. H. patens Ell. (/cdar l:1;„1,.>, EavcrLnic April. H. pui'])Ul'ea L. Woodland- and copses. April-May. Yar. loil^ilolia (Jiay. I'arr. ns Var. fdiitifo/i'i (iray. M..iintain> (d" Ea>t 'IVnn. .luly. H. an^iistirolia Midix. (Vdar udadcs : blulVs (.n Cumberland river. May-Julv. 4.S Tf:NNES.SEE FLORA. Oklenl(iii(liVr// Chapm. Swamps near Tullahoma. July. Ceplialanthus ocfidentalis L. Wet places. Common. July- August. Mitcliella repeus L. Dry woodlands. June-July. Speiiiiacoce ^'labra Michx. River banks. Very common. August. Diodia Vir^'iiiica L. Moist meadows ; river banks ; very fre- qnent about Nashville. June-July. D. teres Walt. Sterile grounds^ old fields. Abounds around Xashville. July. Oaliiiin Apariiie L. Waste grounds. April-May. (t. vir^'atiiiii Nutt. Dry, sterile places in the cedar glades, Lavergne. June. G. pilosiini Ait. Dry copses. Common. June-July. Gr. tritiduin L. Swampy meadow lands. July-October. G. triflorum Michx. Dry woodlands ; copiously in the cedar l)arrens. July. (j. circjezaus Michx. Hills around Nashville to the mount- ains of East Tenn. June-July. G. latifoUum Michx. High mountains of East Tenn.; Big Frog Mt. July. G. lanceolatum Torr. East Tenn. G. Arkansanum Gray. Johnsonville, West Tenn. VALERIANACE.^. Valeriaiiella radiata Dufr. Glades and copses. April-May. V. Woodsiaiia Walp. Var. umbilicata Gray. Glades and pastures. April-May. Var. patellaria Gray. With the former. DIPSACE.E. Dipsacus sylvestris Mill. Waste grounds. Common. July. COMPOSIT^E. Elephantopus Carolinian us Willd. Woods. June-July. Vernouia Nov{eboraceiisis Willd. Roadsides and open wood- lands. Augnst-September. TENNE8SEI-: FI.oitA. 49 r. Jti ISopteinbcr. E. sei'Otillum Michx. Wa-tc j»la<-(s in <-..iiiiii\ .111.1 I, .AM-. September-October. E. album L. Paradiso ri(lw;c, IJolxiison ( 'o., I"]a>l Trnii. .luis - August. E. i^eiiiiserrdtuiii DC. (E. ])arvifl()ruiu I'lUinin. liarn-us at Tullahoma. July- August. E. altissinmill L. Dry e()])ses. Copiously on (iiaiiy Wliite pike, near Mrs. Cbeatham's place. August-September. E. rotuildifoliuni L. Mitcliellville, 'rulla!i«.Mia. July-Au- gust. E. IeiicokplsTovi\iS:ijvi\y. Ixirreus'd" Middle Tt-nu. August- September. E. pei'f'oliatuiii L. Low grounds. didy-Septeml)er. E. iucai'iiatuiu Walt. Glades and copses. August-Si'|>iem- ber. E. a^eratoides Fi. Rich woodlands. ( )v(r the State. Angnst- September. E. aromaticaiii L. Barrens at 'I'ullahonia. July. E. COPlestillUiii L. ^NFoist grounds, (oiiniion. (C'onoclinuni C(elestinuni DC.) Sej)tember. Mikaaia i^candetis \V\\\(\. d;.hii-oiivill. . W.-? T. im tember. Kulinia eU|>at(H'i(>i(l«'S L. Common. September. Var. coryinhiilosa T"' I A (Ii.iv. Vi.iidiv of Nashville. September. Liatrissquarro.sa Willd. lliglilaud>. Cireeubricr, ii«»berift Tenn. L«»nkt.ut Mt. July. 50 TENNESSEE FLORA. L. spicata Willd. Oak barrens of Middle Tenn. to mountains of Ea-t Tenn. July. L. «?i'aniini folia Pursh. With the former. July. Gi'iinlelia lanceolata Nutt. Cedar glades at Lavergne, near the station. July. Chnjsopsi^ graminifoJia Nutt. Mountain regions of East Tenn. July. Oh. Mariana Xutt. In sandy soil. Common. June-July. Solida^o ctesia L. Harpeth hills, near Nashville. Septem- ber. Var. paiiicillata Gray. With the former. September. S. latifolia L. Rocky banks of Richland creek, near Nash- ville. August-September. S. Curtissii. var. pubens. Roane Mt. J. W. Chickering. August. S. monticola Torr. & Gray. Clingman-Dom of the Smoky Mts. Roane Mt. J. W. Chickering. S. bicolor L. Kingston Springs, Dixon Co., East Tenn. August-September. S. glomerata Michx. Clingman-Dom, 6000' ; Roane Mt. J. W. Chickering. S. spithamea, M. A. Curtis; Roane Mt., J. W. Chickering. August. S. odora Ait. Barrens and highlands. July. Si sppciosa Xutt. Highlands, Greenbrier ; glades at Lavergne. August-September. Var. an^ustata Torr. & Gray. Common in siliceous soils. August-September. S. rugosa Mill. Highlands and barrens. August-Septem- ber. 8. ulinifolia Mtihlb. With the former. August-Septem ber. *S'. arguta Ait. Lookout Mt. ; Ocoe region. August-Sep- tember. S. jimcea X\t. Oak barrens and woodlands. August-Sep- tember. TENNE6SEK FI.mRa. J '•'S. (»attin;::<»ri Chajmi. n... >[.. In ili,. codar glades, m-ar railroad stati(»n at Lavcru-nc, liutlicrtnrd d,. Aiigust-Sc»ptem- ber. S. sei'otina Ait. Fields and fence-rows. S'ptember. Yiw. ^i«»"antea (Jray. With tlir fnriner. S. Canadensis L. Ficdds and river l)aid<^. \'erv a.-, .u.i. Septeinher. Yar. procei'a Torr. ^V (Jray. I..,\\, in,,i>t meadow lands. September-October. S. patnla Milhll). Near CTa.d)erry Inm Works, Ea.st Ten ii. September. Mrs. K. ]. Britton. S. Sliortii Torr v^' (iray. Jiarrens at 'rnllahoma. Abundant, with 8. juncea. August. Also Jion Air, l)i(d. August-Scptend)cr. S. corynibosa Ell. I^><»n A(|ua station, Diekx.n Co., Tulla- boma. August-September. S. lanceolata L. Highlands. Fountainliead. Kobrrtison Co. August. S. rnpestris Kaf. Cliffs facing Cumherland river. AultuM. BrachycliJi^ta cordafa Torr. & Gray. O. S. Septenjber. Bellis inte^rif'olia Michx. Copscvs ajid l)arrens. July. Boltonia asteroides L'Her. In a low mtadown.;u- Ilydl's Ferry, Nashville. September. B. diffnsa Elliott. In wet, sandy soil. Fara»li-'- ridL^e. Tulla- homa. July. ^ Solidagn Gattlvgeri Chapm. inod. Slender, npripht, 2-4 feet hijfh : t)ranches and inflorescence i)erfe('tly smooth and ^laltroiis: leaven ciliolauv lower CiUiline and radical lan('eolate-sj)itul.itts a|»pres.*rndulo. ohvi- •ously tripli-nerved; upj)er canline mainly entire ami withonl latentl ribs, oblong lanceolate and an inch or so lon^. and the upper redueod In hidf or quarter inch, but near the inllorescence very small an«l bract like; racemiform clusters of small heapres-ed-pul>erulent or the lower purl gla- brous. S. M i !<■'*< >iirif'v sis, var. pmnila Chapm. Fl. Suppl. tVJT. li«Mwoen Missourifinsis aiu] Short i i Gr»y. It occurs in numeron.'* individutd- • - a. coiiple of acres and is not likely to be a hybrid. The a^»«^»riate^l .-•, are S. nemorosa (very abundant)". S. spccio.s». var.an^u.ntata. S. ^p•" Canadensis. First collected Septembtr, 1H'.*». 52 TENNESSEE FLORA. Serieocarpus coiiyzoides Nees. Dry, argillaceous soils. July. S. solida^ineus Nees. With the former. July. Aster paludosiis Ait. Moist ground in the barrens. August- September. ^1. corymbosus Ait. Mountain districts. Sewanee. July. A. CH}iii; ..jmmi irn.tiii.U. llv«lt'.s Ferrv, otc. Var. biCnms (n-ay. With imi.li laiL^n- lu-ads. aiiiliceons sniN a«t<'r eri- coides in e(nial ahimdancc. Scjdciubcr-C )('t()l)('r. A. Ulllbellatlis Mill. Iliirhlands, Middi.- Tcnn. >. |.:. ihImt. A. illlil'inus iNlichx. (Dijjlojxipims romifn/. Darl.i CliillH.w.-e Mts., P^a.st Tciin. September. A. II. ("inti^-. A. linariitolins L. ^NFonntains of Ka>t Tnin. .\l>u ln<^ddaiid.s of Middle Tcnii. Ilarpeth Hills, near Na^hvillr. Npl«Mi»l)«T. Eri^eron Canadeusis L. Cominon weed. Anirn-t-Scpt, mbcr. E. (livarieatus ^lichx. Sandy barrens, ( Vdar Hill. Robertson Co. Angnst. E. bellidifolilis Miihlb. liigldand>, and IviM T.nn. .Vpril- May. E. Philadclphicus L. In meadows. May. E. aiiuiius Pers. Dry glades. May -June. E. stl'igosiis Miihlb. Pastnres and waste ground. September- 1 October. Pl«lliea cainphoi'ata DC Low. damp <:r<»nnd>. ( ). S. .Inly- Se})tend)er. N'^ar. Bci/riif/iii Torr. tV (Jray. \\'e-t Trnn. Auteiinai'ia plaiita^'iiiirolia Hawk. Dry c.p-e- and hillsides. Common. June (iiiaphaliuni p(^ly(•epllahnn Mi(li\. ( )p< ii wn.Mllaiuls, etc. July-September. (i. deciirreilS Ives. Highland-. Jnne-Angu>t. (x. uli^'illOSUIIl L. Swamp- alnULC ( 'innberland .M!-..ei.- (i. pui'pureuill \j. (onimon. Sej)t«'mber. ^ Polyuiiiia Canadensis L. D.

:er. First collected July, 1867, on tlie foot of (Aimberland Mts., near Cowan, Tenn. S. integrifoliiliii Michx. Highlands: Charlotte pike; David- son's place, near Nashville. July. S. seaberrimum Elliott. Barrens at Tullahoma. July. S. Asteriscus L. Craggie Hope, Cheatham Co., near railroad. July. Var. Uvi'icaide DC. Barrens at Tullahoma. August. S; trifoliatiiiu L. Copses around Nashville. Frequent. July- s', compositum Michx. Western declivities of Chilhowee Mts. and in the hills on Chestua, East Tenn. July. S. terebiutliiuaceiiin Jacq., var. pinnatifidum Gray. Barrens at Lavergne, Tenn. June- July. S. laciniatum L. Apparently rare in this State. East Tenn. Chrysogonum Virginianum L. Thickets in the mountains at Ducktown. April. Partheniiiin integrifoliuiii L. Dry ground. Common. July. Inula Helenium L. Sweetwater East Tenn. July. Ambrosia bidentnta Michx. Fields and pastures. Browns- ville. West Tenn. August. A. trifida L. Banks of streams and bottom lands. August. Var. integrifolia Torr. & Gray. Is only a depauperate form, always in very poor soil. * Silphium brachiatum Gattinger, n. sp. Stem 3-5 feet high, square or subangular,with the brachiated, thin, roundish and nearly leafless flowering branches smooth and glaucous. Leaves opposite, roughened on the upper side, smooth on the lower, except the principal veins, which are slightly hirsute, lower short petioled, deltoid or hastate-lanceolate, irregularly and upwardly dentate, 6-10 inches long, green and glaucous, those on the branches distant, small, sessile, entire; heads long peduncled. small, bracts of the involucre ovate; achenia obovate-orbiculate. narrow winged, slightly notched at the apex. Very distinct. The 1-3 flowered pedun- cles 3-4 inches long and almost filiform. Involure little over one-half inch high. Rays rather few, one-half inch long; akenes four lines long. Collected July 14th, 1S67, on the western slope of the Cumberland mountains, a short distance south of the tunnel at Cowan, Tennessee. It is quite numerous on the limestone base of the mountain, and probably extends all along the Chattanooga road towards the Tennessee river. It was, however, not since seen in any other part of the State. TENNE88EI-: l-I.oKA. 55 A. artemisijololia I.. I'i. hU an.l cultivatr.l jrroiiiul.^. I :,. most abundant weed in this r. oi,,,i. .luK. Xaiifliium Canach'iise Mill. In ii(li hmtom^ ii attains soine- tiiues six feet in height. .Inlv. X. spinosiim L. Towns and lailn.ad depots. Nashville, Knoxville. duly. Zinnia paucillora L. Kseaped iVom <;aidrns. N. ar Ciiarlcti. pike. July. Heliopsis la'vis Pers. Ilifrhhnids and in()untain> of JuLst 'l\nn. July. Eeclipta alba llas.skarl. Kiv< r hanks and miry jdaces. Com- mon. July-Se])temher. Eclliuacea pui'purea Moencli. Kieh wocdhind.-. M<.rf iiv- quent in East Tenn. ^^'hite.side. June-July. E. au^ustifolia DC. Dry copses, vicinity cj* Nashville : Cedar glade near Lavergne. July. Rudbeekia triloba J^. dliickets. dnly-August. \"ar. nqjcsfris Chiekering. Koane Mt. Chickering. R. hirta T^. Dry copses and barrens. August-September. R. ful^ida Ait. Dry woodlands. September. R. speeiosa Wendewortb. In tiie glades. Laverirne. Sep- tember. B. spathnfdta M'whx. Cbilhowcc Mt., Ka>t i'mn. A. 11 Curtiss. September. R. bieolor Xutt. Open, dry barnns, Nashville Hon Air. September. R. laciniata L. Paradise ridge. Mountains cf ]';i^t 'P. m. (Wolf creek.) July. Lepacbys ])innata Torr. tV: (iray. Kocky baidvs and ririi pas- ture lands, duly. L. ('(duniuaris Forr. ^V: (Jiay, var. imh-lnrrimn Torr. iV: (iray. NMcinity of a cott*!!! eoinprc», Xa>livilli'. 1 nt roilucrd. duly- August. Heliantbus annus P. pM-aprd fi-.-m gardi n-. Xot indigen- ous in Pcnn. duly-August. H. dniiiiosiis P. Cumberland Ml. at ('.>\\aii. .iiii\. 56 TENNESSEE FLORA. H. atroriibens L. Dry woodlands in siliceous soil. East and Middle Tenn. July. //. Schwciuitzli Torr. & Gray. Cowan. August. H. mollis Lara. Barrens of iSIiddle Tenn. Frequent. July- August. H. parviflorns Bernli. Highlands. July-August. H. divai'icatus L. Highlands and argillaceous soils generally. July-August. H. hirsutus Raf. Barrens and woodlands. Common. July- August. H. deeapetaliis L. Mountains of East Tenn.; Paradise ridge. July. H. tllberosiis L. Rich bottom lands. Very frequent around Nashville. July-August. H. Icetijlorus Pers. Brownsville, West Tenn. August-Sep- tember. 11. irache/iifolius Willd. Mountains of East Tenn. ; Big Frog Mt. July. Jlelianthella tenuifoUa Torr. & Gray. Barrens, two miles east of Tullahoma. July-August. Verhesina occidentalis Walter. Western declivities of Smoky Mts., covering large tracts. July-August. V. Virgiiiica L. Limestone regions of Middle Tenn. August- September. y. helianthoides Michx. Rich woodlands. August-Septem- ber. Actiiionieris sqiiarrosa Xutt. Moist woodlands. August- September. CoreojmH rosea Nutt. In a little swamp on Potato creek, Copper hill ; Ducktown. July. ('. aiii'iculata L. Paradise ridge; Greenbricn-, Robertson Co. June. C. (lelphinifolia Lam. East Tenn. ('. senifolia Michx. In siliceous soil (gravelly ridges), over the State. July-August. Yar. steliata Torr & Gray. With the former. r. tl'ipteris I^. A^ery abundant. August-September. tknnes«p:k ki.oka. 5" C, vertwiUdin 1.. V \>\n'v Vms[ 'Wuu. Aiijrnst-.S'ptemh.r. C. tricliospeniia Miclix. Kivrr suainpv. X:,.l,villf. AiiL'U'-t- i^eptcmber. C. discoidea Ton-. A- (irav. Kivcr -watuj)-. with tin- t'..nii»T. Aiigiist-Sopteiiiber. Bidens fVoudosa I.. M.»i>i, L.w LrroimiU. .Iiilv-Octnb.r. B. eonnata Miililb. July-()ct«>l».'i-. B. ceriiua L. Abuiulant in wet grounds. .liiK -S pi. mbcr. B. bipinnata L. (^iltivatcd nioniuK and l)arn i.^. AwU- Aiitj^ust. MarsliaUia btnvcolatit l*ur>li. \'i«-iiiit\ nf M.iMplii-. l>r. (J. Eireling. (ialius()^*a ])ai'vifJoi'a (av. Cultivated ^nound-. Mr-. ( luat- hani's place, Xashville. S.^ptcrnbtT-October. Heleiliuuill lllldifiormii Xntl. Wet, sandy soil : Para-li-e ridire. Tiillahoina. July-Aui^iist. 77, tcnuifoliinn Xutt. Aririllaeeoiis, sandy soil, limw n-ville, ^tc. July- August. H. parviflorura Nutt. (Vdar glades, Lavergne, ele. duly. H. ailtlllllliale L. liow, uiDist places. Septende r. Dysodia clirysaiitlMMiioides J.ag. Along railroad eiubank- nients near ]\Iiteliellville. Abufidant across tlie State line in Kentu(diale. August-Se])tend)er. A. Absintliilini L. <)1<1 homestead- annll\illr. .Jiilv. Ti'a^(>l)o«:;on pratcnsis L. Mis. ClHatliain'h grounds, aixi vicinity. Xashvillc. May. Preiianflies ('iT|>idinea Mi..il. Hills m-ar Xash- ville. August. P. aspera Michx. JKincns. .Inly-Auj,ni>t. P. sei'pentai'ia Pm>li. JKirrcus ut'Di.xon Co. ScptcnilxT. \ix\\harhat(i ijiwy. KoaneMt. ('liicUcrinir. Smoky .Mt-.. Big Tluiiulerhead. July-August. P. altissillia li. Rich wood- ; highland-. .luly-ScptfrnlxT. Tai'axacuni olHciiiale W'lhr. Cultivaicd lands, every wlnre. April-September. J\ili'rhopappns ( ■(irollninnits I )( ". ( 'h-vcland. |-!a-t 'i\im. West Tenu. July. Lactllfa Caiiadoiisis \j. ( learings and \voodlan«is. June. L. acilllliliata (Jray. lUuffs (Ui C'uuiberland river. S-pleinber. L. Floi'idaiia (iaert. Rich woodland-. A ngust-S<*pteiiiber. L. leucoplia'a (ii-ay. Thickets along ( "iiinbciland rivtr. near Xashville, etc. July. S(ni(*lins olei'aceus L., and S. asjJei' L. Roth in cnlti\ale(l ^i-Mund. (nninion. June- July. L()1;i:riaci:.i:. Lobelia eardiiialis !>. W- i, miry ground. July-September. L. syphilitica I>. S\\ain|»- and ditclics. July-September. h. piibei'llla Michx. Highland-, .\n-ii-t Scpteml)er. L. lei»tosta('bys A. I)(". Rarnn- in luoi-i ground. July- August. L. spicata Rain. Ccdai- glade.-. With the loruier. July. ^0 TENNESSEE FLORA. * L. (lattiii^eri Gray. Cedar glades of Middle Tenn. Rocky banks of Ciiniberlaiid river. Frequent May-June. L. Nnliallii lloem. & Schult. Mountain swamps. Sewanee. July. L. inflata L. Dry, argillaceous and siliceous soils. August- Seuteniber. CAMPANULACE^. S|»e('ularia perfoliata A. DC. Waste ground and roadsides. April-May. Campanula aparinokles Pursh. Mountain swamps and laurel thickets. July- August. C. divaracata Michx. Cumberland and Alleghany Mts. July- August. C. Americana L. Thickets and dry Avoodlands. August- September. ERICACE^. Gaylussacia braehyeera Gray. Mountains on Ocoe river. June- July. G. frondosa Torr. & Grav. Mountains of East Tenn. April- May. (i. resinosa Torr. & Gray. Highlands. Valley of East Tenn., etc. April— May. Vacciniuni arboreum Marsh. Highlands and siliceous soil generally. May. V. stainineuni L. Oak barrens and highlands. May-June. V. coryiubosum L. Mountains and ridges of East Tenn. Highlands. April-May. y^ar. pallidum Gray. {V. Constablei Gray .) Mountains of East Tenn. June. "^Lobelia Gattingeri Gray. Flowers 4-5 lines long:, deep blue; stem smooth, weak and branching; leaves thin, sessile, oblong-ovate, obtuse, serrate, the lowest obovate; racemes peduncled, very slender, many- flow- ered ; calyx-tube ovoid, longer than its pedicel, shorter than the linear- subulate entire lobes, the sinuses not appendaged, but slightly callous. The pedicels are sometines i)rovided with small bracteols. Plant 6-20 inches high. Regular flowering time first week in May, but some plants are tound fl')wering as late as August. Its home is the limestone basin of Middle Tenn., and prominently moist places in the cedar glades First ■collected about 1869, at Lavergne, seventeen miles south of Nashvilli. rKNNKSSEK l-I.(.I4A. ») I \\ /lirsii/iini ImiiIsI.v. ni-li iii(.iiiitaiiis..r I'^ist 'IVnn. Jiine- \ . ('/•i/f/n-oc(i,-pnii .\[i('li.\. Ill-'lici- iii(.iiiit:iiii^ , I I'.-n. Junc-Jiilv. J^pig^ Mis. July. Oxyiir;iiii- i iir«Mr_ii,..m ( "mii- berland and Alleghanics. ('(nmiion. April-Mav. L. recurra Gray. With tlic iornicr. Mav. Kalniijl lafifolia J.. Mountains of East Tcnn., and in Middl.- Tenn., in siliceou.s soils. May-Juno. 3Ienziesia g/obiil(iri.s i:^i\\\A). lliLrh niountain> of l^asi Ti-nn. Roane Mt. Clingnian Dome. .Jul v. Rliododcndron arborcficeni^TovY. JJig Frog Ml.-, .luiu-. R. viscosum Torr. Along mountain streams. Oeoe Vallev. etc. June. R. liudiiloniin Torr. Mills of Ma>t and Middle Ten siliceous soils. April. R. calendalaccuiii Torr. Alleghany and ( 'iimlierland Mt.«». ; also here and there in shaded ravine< in the valley-' f" Spring, lloane Co. June. R. ma.viiiiKin h. Common throughout ( umherland and , ghany Mts. June-July. P. Catau'bicnsc Miehx. Only on the hiLdi»>t -nmm Smoky Mts. (Clingman Dome) and Koane Mi Lciopluillii in bi(.rif()/iiiiii \']\\., var. pntsduitiun Ciiay. >>iihnnii of Roane Mt.. ChieUering. July-August. Cletliraaouin'nKtfd Miehx. J'hroughout Alleghany Ml-. .Iiil\. ('Iiiinapliila mariilata Pursh. Over the State. Junc^July. Cli. umbdlala Nutt. Suwanee. 'IVaey City. July. Pijrola cllipfica Xutt. Wolf Creek (Heneh Mt.). J«dy. g2 TENNESSEE FLORA. Moiioti'opa iiniilora L. Hills near Nashville. August. M. Hi/popifijs L. Oakdale Station, C. South. Railroad, near Wartburg. C'umberland Mts. July. Gahx aphi/Ila L. Very frequent in the Alleghany Mts. June-Julv. PRIMULACE.1^. Dodecatheon 3Ieadea L. The purple flowering variety in East Tenn. All specimens found in the vicinity of Nashville had white flowers. May-June. Steironeiiia eiliatuiu Raf. Common. June-August. S. lanceolatum Gray. Over the State. June-July. Var. angustifolium Gray. East Tenn., Bradley Co. July. Lysimaehia Fra^eri Duby. Lookout Mt. Rocks along Ocoe river, Polk Co. June-July. L. qiiadrifolia L. Woodlands. July. L. Xuniularia L. Escaped from gardens. July. Anagallis arveiisis L. Railroad embankments. Oakland Sta- tion, Robertson Co. A. coerulea L. Grass plots. Nashville. Introduced. June. Sainolus Valerandi L., var. Americanus Gray. Muddy river banks and wet places. May-July. . ^ . i : SAPOTACE^E. Bumelia lycioides Gaert. Shrub or small tree in rich soil. Middle Tenn. and lower part of East Tenn. June-July. EBENACE^. Diospyros Virginiana L. Common. Medium size tree. June. STYRACE^. Halesia tetraptera L. Ocoe district. East Tenn. March- April. '',' ',:'■'■■ :1 ' OLEAC^. Fraxinus Americana L. Over the State. April. Yar. Ill i croc a r pa Gray. Harpeth hills, near Nashville. Supposed to be a hybrid between F. Americana and viridis. TENNFi3SEK KI.«)!{A. 63 F. vil'idis Midi. Low, MH)i>t irromul. Aj>iil. F. pubesceiis Lam. Kd^^c of river swamps. ApriL ¥. (jiiadraii^-iilat.'i ^L.•l,x. Hillsides, in rich jrroiiiul. April. Forestiera acmiiinata Loir. ( 'lose at tlw wat«r'«. ed.ri.. dnn- iherland river and iril)iitaries. .March. F. li,j;ustl'iiia Poir. Cliaraeteri-iie ^liiid) tor llie «-edar ^clailes of Middle TeiiM. Jnlv. Cliion(inf/iiis \'ir(/iiilc(i L. .\loni: -ii-eaiiw, especially lit the Alleghany Mts. April. Li^listl'lini vnl^-are L. The eommon I'nxei, planted in iiedges. Seldom perfects its fruits in Middle Tenn. Mav. AL()( vxaclj:. Anisoiiia Taberna'niontana Walt. (.1. hit'ijoHa Michx., Kast. Tenn., and Aiii.'^. sd/lcij'ofift I*ni">h., Na>liville.) ( )ver ihc State May- June. Viliea lllilK^r J^. Introdueid. old urav( yards, where it grows luxuriantly, ])erf 'ctint^ seed>. .Not >prea/(tri'(>i(lcs Pur>h. .NL.untains of East Tenn. .Inly. A. vai'it'gata L. Diy u|>land>. dunc-.Inly. Kjisi T- and vicinity ol' Nashville. A.qiiadl'ifolia L. ( )ak l)arnn> oi' Middle Tenn. June .lidy. A. verlicilliata L. Lr((r. P. ^laberrima I.. Moimtains of Kast Tcuw. to Miaiik> nf ( innlxrlaiul river at Nashville. June-July. P. aillU^na Sims. Mountain.^ of Kasl Tcun. ami liiL^lilaml^ of Middle Tenn.; Mitchellville, etc. May-Jinn-. P. divaricata L. Over the State. A|)ril-May. P. Stellai'ia Gray. Cedar o:lades, Luver^ne. May. GUia coronopifolla Pus. Knobs, east of Athens, East Tenn. Perhaps only escaped from cultivation. July. Polemonilini reptailS 1^. Moist woodlands from the mountains to the Mississippi. April-May. hydrophyllack.t:. Nemophila niicrocalyx Fish. S: Mayer. rineketsand ravines. Nashville. April. Phacelia bipilinatirida Michx. Over the State. Shady local- ities April-May. P. Plirsliii Buckley. Very co|)iously di-tributed in Middlr Tenn. April. P.parvifloraPursh. Rocky c^lades, vicinity of .\a-livill.-. April. Var. hirsilta Gray. With the former. Hydropliylliiiii inaciopliylliim Nnit. W ft woodlands. South Tunnel, Sumner Co. June. H. Canadensc L. Mountains of Kast 'reim. -Iidy. H. appeildieulatuni Michx. Fre(|uent in vicinity of Nashville Rich woodlands and river blutls. dune. H. V'lrginiciun L. Ducktown, Ka^t Tenn. .lune. Hyd rolca alftnis Gmy. IloUowrock. Au^^ust. ]5()KRA(;iNA(i^.K. Helioti'opiuiu tcuelluni Torr. Cidar ltI i-h -. Mi Ihvillc and viciiiii\ . .Iiiim- July. Evolvnlus JU'^entcils Pursh. Dry r<.(;ky places in the eedar glades at Lavcrone. May-.Iuuc. Cuscuta C'iiloroc.'irpa Engclm. Moist thickets on Mill (T.-.k, etc. August-September. C. arvensis Beyrich. Ojxm) L,n-oiiiids in the glades on Ambro- sia. June-July. C. tenuiflora Engelm. Mountains oi* Ka.-t Trim. ; ]>ig Vto^ Mt., Polk Co. July. C. Gronovii Willd. On shrubs and herbaceous plants, over the State. August-September. G. rostrata Shuttleworth. Summit of rhundcrlnad. on Soli- dago glomcrata. July. C. COmpacta Juss. On Eupatorium and other h.rb.-i.-.niis plants. Paradise ridge. August-Septemlxr. €. ^lonierata Choisy. On low l)nslu's, hi^ddand-. .liily-S-p- tember. SOLAN ACE.l^:. Solaniim lligruin E. Cultivated and uiicultivated L^roumis. May-September. S. Dulcamara E. Escaped tVom cnltivation. J.dlico, East Tenn., etc. June-July. S. Caroliueiise E. Fields and gardens. .May-.luly. S. rostratum Dun. Introduced in Xasliville and vicinitv and spreading. July- August. Physalis an^nilata E. Copses and pastures. July. P. Philadelphiea Eam. Fields and cultivated gronncis. .luiy. P. Virginiana Mill. Cedar glades and wootls. Mi«ldle Tenn. J u n e-Se p te m b e r . P. pilbesoens E. Sandy baid^s of rivirs. .hdy-Septembcr. Nicandl'a physaloides ( Ja.. and barrens. June-July. (t. queiTifolia Pursh. Over the State. July-September. G. Icevigata Raf. Alleghany Mts. duly. G. patllla Chap. Rising Sun blulf on Cumberland river, twelve miles below Nashville. September. G. purpurea L. Over the State, (ireenbrier, Kobcrtson Co. July. G. tenuifolia Vahl. Ilarjx'th hills. September. Var. niacrophylla Benth. Barrens. July-September. Castilleia coccinea Spreng. On siliceous and argillaceous .soil, East to West Tenn. April-May. Schwalbea Americaua Gronov. Tullahoma. June. Pedicularis ('anadeusis L. Ov( r the Siai. . Manh-.Vpril. Melampyrum Ai/U'ricdnnin Miehx. Snmky Mts. Jidy. OROBAXCHACK.i:. Apyllon uniflorum art. On die roois ot' be«eh trees. June-Julv. 70 TENNESSEE FLORA. LENTIBULARIACE^. Utricularia gibbet L. Pond, summit of Lookout Mt. July. [J. biflora Lam. Swamps, West Tenn. July. BIGNONIACE^. Bignonia capreolata Tourn. Woods, climbing high. April- May. Tecoma radicans Juss. Woods and cultivated grounds. A noxious weed in fields. May-August. Catalpa speciosa Ward. Medium size tree. May. PEDALIACE^. Martynia proboscidea Glox. River banks and waste places. July-August. ACANTHACE^. Rnellia ciliosa Pursh. Barrens and roadsides. Over the State. July-August. '^ y 'i^f^y ^ R. strepens L. Rich soil. June-July. Dianthera Americana L. Slow-flowing streams. July-Au- gust. Gatesia Icete-vwens Gray. Lookout Mt. July. Dicliptera brachiata Sprengl. Rich shady grounds. Fre- quent in vicinity of Nashville. July-August. VERBENACE^. Phryma leptostachya L. Moist woodlands. Common. July- August. Verbena officinalis L. Roadsides and old fields. East Tenn. July. V. urtieaefolia L. Pastures and dry uplands. August-Sep- tember. V. angustifolia Michx. Dry soil. Everywhere. June-Sep- tember. V. hastata L. Waste grounds. Not frequent. July. V. stricta Vent. West Tenn. July. TENNESSEE PM.ORA. 71 V. brarteata Michx. Around dw.irmur. an.i alnii^r roadsides. J line- July. V. Aubletia L. Vwy ciopious in til.' irladc's and barrens. May- June. Lippia laneeolata Michx. Low, moist ^'rounds. August- September. Gallicarpa Americana L. Jiiniestone reirions of .Mi(l ; hill- n.ar \a.shvillf. .Itily- August. S. sa.vatili^ liuldvl. ( 'hilliowcc .Ml., l^a>t Tcmi. July. S. serrata Andr. Woods, Middle 'IVnn. .luly-Auj^iist. S. pilosa Miclix. Hills !i("ar Nashville, etc. Jiily-Au^riist. Var. hirsilta. South 'riiniul, Sumner (\>. S. iute^rit'olia L. Highluml.s, Ciiniberlaml Ml>. July- August. 8. galericulata Li. East 'rciiii., Dufktnwu. July-Aui:ii>'t. S. cauesceilS Xutt. Craggy Hope, hills near Na>hvill»'. .luly- August. S. parvula Miclix. Very tVecpKnl in the cedar glades. May. Var. mollis Gray. Dry, rocky places, with tlie former. S. nervosa Pursh. In swampy woodlands, Sumner Co. July. Brunella vulgaris L. Fields and roadsides. Common. July- September. Pliysoste^ia Virgillica Benth. Open copses and harr.'u-. June-August. Syuanclra ^raiidiflora Xutt. Moist wo.uN: John Overton's canebrake, near Nashville. March-April. Marrubiuill VUl^are L. Near dwelliui^s and roadsides. July. Perilla ocymoides L. Kscaped from cnllivaiion aiul spread- ing. July. LeouuriisCardiaca L. Waste and cultivated ixn'un.l-. Tnlv August. Lamiuiu aniplexicaiile L. Common weet woodlands n.-. Juno-AiiRust. Var. glabra Gray. Banks t)f( "umhrrland near Nashville. August-September. S. cordata l>enth. Moist woodlands and rich hillsides. (Hills south of Nashville.) July. Betonica afflciiialis L. Na-^hvilh . .\dv. nnv.. Jui> 74 TENNESSEE FLOEA. PLANTAGINEiE. Plantago cordata Lam. Rare in Tenn. Swampy ground near Brownsville, West Tenn. April-June. P. major L. Rare. Waste grounds. Adventive. June- August. P. Rii^elii Decaisne. Very frequent around dwellings in the open country. June-August. P. laiiceolata L. Meadows and waste grounds. Introduced. April-June. P. Pata^onica Jacq., var. aristata Gray. Along lines of rail- road. Tullahoma, Dixon. July. P. Virginica L. Over the State. Very plentiful in dry sandy soil. P. pusilla Nutt. Open ground in barrens. April-May. (Mitchellville, Sumner Co.) P. heterophylla Nutt. Barrens at Lavergne, etc. April- May. ARISTOLOCHI A CE^. Aristolochia Sipho L'Hert. Mountains of East Tenn. Cran- berry Iron Works. July. A. tomentosa Sims. Banks of Cumberland river, near Nash- ville. May. A. Serpentaria L. Rich soil in the barrens of Middle Tenn.; also East Tenn. June. Asarum Canadense L. O. S. A. arifolium Miohx. Damp woods in the mountains of East Tenn. June. A. Virginicum L. Lookout Mt. Chattanooga. NYCTAGINE^. Oxybaphus albidus Sweet. Nashville. Bluffs of Mill creek. June. 0. nyctagineus Sweet. Guthrie. July, '83. PHYTOLACCACE^. Phytolacca decandra L. Everywhere. July-September. TENNESSEE FLORA. 76 CHENOI'ODlACEiE. ChenopcMliiini mnrale L. Strt'cts of Nashvillr. .Iihh— Sep- tember. ^C. Botrys L. Around dwcllinL::.-. Iv^caj>c(l. September. C. album L. Comnion. Ciiltiviitcd ltioiiihI. Sc'ptcmbcr. (7. urbicum L. Streets of ('hattunooLra. .Inly. C. ambro.sioides ]j. Brownsville, West Tcmi. August. Var. antlieliuiutii'iiiii (J ray. O. S. C. glancnill L. Brownsville, West Tenn. August. C. Boscianuni Moquin. Nashville. amaranthacetp:. Amarantliiis paniciilatus L. Common Var. sanguineus Gray. Cultivated grounds near Nasliville. A. retroflexns L. Fields and jjardens. A. albus L. Streets of Nashville: rocky plaee.s. O. S. Sep- tember. A. spinosns L. Nashville. O. S. September. Iresinecelosioides L. Rich soils aloni; river l)aid. duly p. Pennsylvanicuni L. O. S. Au^mst. P. incarnatuui Ell. River banks. Comnnui near Nashville. July-August. 76 TENNESSEE FLORA. P. Persicaria L. Waste grounds, near water, O. S. June- July. P. Hydropiper L. Ditches, etc. Common in streets, etc. August-September. P. acre H. B. K. Streets of Nashville, etc. July. P. hydropiperoides Michx. River swamps. In water. Com- mon. August-September. P. 3Iuhleiiber^ii Watson. (P. amphibium, var. terrestre Gray). River swamps ; wild goose pond near Mitchellville. August. P. Virgiiiianuiii L. Thickets, rich soil. July-August. P. avieulare L. Yards and streets everywhere. June-July. P. erectiiin L. (P. avieulare, var. ereduni Roth.) In com- pany with the former, on manured grounds. June-July. P. tenue Michx. Cumberland plateau, Sewanee. July. P. arifoliura L. Cumberland plateau. September. P. sagittatara L. Swampy grounds O. S. July-October. P. Convolvulus L. Low, damp grounds near Nashville. Sep- tember. P. dumetorum L., var. scandens Gray. O. S. August-Sep- tember. Fa^opyrum esculentum Moench. Sparingly cultivated and escaped to fence rows. Cumberland Mts. July -August. Brunnicliia cirrhosa Banks. Grounds of Lunatic Asylum, near Nashville. West Tenn. July-October. LAURACE^. Sassafras officinale Nees. O. S. In the river islands it grows to large dimensions. April. Lindera Benzoin Meissner. O. S. In rich soil. March- April. THYMELEACE^. Dircapalustrish. Mountain bogs. Cumberland Mts. April. SANTALACE^. Comandra umbellata Nutt. In damp soil, oak Taarrens. Tul- lahoma. May. TENNESSEK FL(UiA. 77 Pyrularia o/elfeni (iray. AllcL^hanv and CiiinlMrlancI Mt.s. Hot Springs, Diicktown. Buckleya distic/i()jj/ii//l(i 'Wivv. \\ .,11 ( icck. Cart.r Co., J-jjKt Tenii. Lookout Mt. LOliAN rilACK.i:. Phoradendi'on flavescens Nnti. OS. ( )ii varinii> deciduouB trees. March. saururea:. Saururiis cernmis 1.. (). S. In s\vaiuj)s and ditclH-. .luiic CERATOIMIVLI.K/E. Ceratophylllim (lenicrsuin L. Swamps alnn(d<> and streams of East Tenn. July. EUPHORBIAC'E.E. Euphorbia corollata L. O. S. Argillactous s(.il>. .Inly. E. eoninnitata Engelman. Cedar harnns. Middh Tmn. April. E. (lentata Michx. XaslnilU-. X'cry ahnndant in tin- ct-dar glades. May. E. huniistrata Engelman. Kivn- i)aiik- and m(.i>i pa-tnir>. Nashville. July-August. E. hypericilolia L. Trouhlcsomj- wcfd in field-, rt<-. ( ). >. July E. Ipecaci(an/i(r L. West Tenn., m-ar J(»hn>hvillc. A|)ril. Laportea Canadeusis Gaudich. (). S., rich soils. June. Pilea puniila Gray. O. S., damp thickets. August. Boehnieria cylindriea Willd. O. S. with the fornur. .Inly. Parietaria Peunsylvauica Muhl. Waste ^^ronnd ; streets of to w n s. ^lay- J u n e . Cannabis sativa h. Escapint^ from cnltivation into heiii^es, etc. Not-=trbservct1 indiisr^nTrns. Humulus Lupulus L. Like the fonn.r. N..t indiL"-n«»M^. •July. IMArANACE.lv Platanus OCCidentalis L. Larirest in bulk of all om timbers. At water's edge on all creeks and rivers. April. JUGLANDACE.E. Julians cinerea L. < ). S. alon^ (nek and riv.r banks; nowhere in great numbers. May. J. ni^ra h. O. S. Iiecoming scare*- ( ). >. .May. Carya oliva'forinis L. Tennessee and Mississippi bottoms in West Tenn. Single trees in Middle Tmn.. pr()bai)ly ohinttM) by •early settlers. Smith's place, Mill creek, m-ar Nashville. .May. C. microcarpa Nutt. Locdcout .Mt.. Chattanooga. May. C. alba Nutt. Large tree with .scalv bark, 0. 8. April-May. 80 TENNESSEE FLORA. i\ sulcata. Big trees in rich loam O. S. April-May. (\ tonieutosa Niitt. More prevailing than the other, espe- cially ill ^Middle Tenn. April-May. r. porciua Nutt. Barrens and gravelly ridges. April-May. ('. ainara Nutt. Low grounds, Nashville, along Cumberland river. April-May. CUPULIFER^. Unercus alba L. O. S. April. U. stellata Wang. (Q. obtusiloba Michx.) O. S. April. U. lyrata Walt. O. S. Frequent in vicinity of Nashville. April. Q. macrocarpa Michx. Low grounds. Nashville. April. Q. bicolor Willd. Low grounds. Nashville and West Tenn. April. Q. Michauxii Nutt. O. S. Rocky hillsides. April-May. Q. Prinus L. Hills and mountains of East and Middle Tenn. April. Q. Miihlenber^ii Engelm. Common in Middle Tenn. April. U. coccinea Wanger. O. S. April-May. Q. tinctoria Bartr. O. S. April-May. Q. I'libra L. O. S. April-May. Q. falcata Michx. O. S. April. Q. palustris Du Roi. Low, wet lauds. O. S. May. Q. ilicifoUa Wanger. Scattering. O. S. April-May. Q. nigra L. O. S. April-May. (|. iinbricaria Michx. Barrens and glades. April-May. U. Pliellos L. Low, wet ground in the barrens. April-May. Q. aquatica Castesby. Mountains of East Tenn. ; along creeks and barrens of Middle Tenn. April-May. Our oaks are often difficult to determine. Many transitions or hybrid forms occur. Castanea vulgaris Lam., var. Americana DC. O. S. June. G.pumilaM.\c\\x. Common in East Tenn. June. Fagus ferruginea Ait. O. S. May. TKNNKSSKi: FLORA. 31 Carpiiius Americana Mit mcnutaiu .sum- mits to tlie lowlands. Aj»i-il. Ostrya Vii'^inica Willd. I/imesione gla(l«>. April. I'orylus Amei'icana Walt, liich soils. (). S. April. C. rosfrafd Ait. Coiimion in tlic iiKnintain^ of p^.st Tenii. J\pril. Betula knta J.. Lookout Mt., Allc«;liaiii('s. B. lutea Michx., til. Summit of Smoky .Mt^. .Inh. B. nigra L. O. S. Abundant in West 'r.-nn. .\pril. B. papjjracea Ait. (). S. Principalh mountains <.!" Ka,st Tenn. Mav. Alnus vlridis DC. Mountains of East Tenn. A. serrulata Ait. (). S. March. salicacej:. Salix nigra Marsh. River banks. The form .9. uif/ra, var. Wardl J^ebb., in island of Cumberland at Nashville. April- May. S. alba L. O. S. April. S. humills Mav>\\. In the barrens and hi<:h mountain^. May. aS'. longifoJia Muhlb. A\'est Tenn. aS. tristiH Ait. Barrens of Middle Tenn. March. 8. lueida Miihlb. Mountains of East Tenn. S. petiolaris Smith. liuena \'ikel work. S. Babylonica E. Introduced. Populiis nioiiilifeia Ait. ( ). S. March. P. Iieteroidiylla I.. O. S. March-Ai>ril. P. baUaniifcrd J^., var. cundicans (Jray. Introduced l>y earl\ settlers in East Tenn. (Balm of Gilead.) P. alba E. Introduced and s])rca(lin^^ March. P. (lilatata Ait. Introduced. Sluu-t-lived in Middle Tenn. 6 82 TENNESSEE FLORA. ARACE^. Arissenia triphyllum Torr. O. S. April-May. A. po/i/morpJmm Chapm. Roane Mt. 4-5000 ft. June (in fruit). Legit. J. W. Chickering, Jr. A. Draeoiitiiiin Schott. Nashville, East Tenn. May. PeltaiuliM Vir^inica Raf. Cleveland, East Tenn., Capt. Raht^s spring branch, and Robertson Co. July. Orontium aquaticum L. Cleveland, East Tenn. With the former. Acorns Calamus L. In an old garden in Nashville, Market street. Said to grow abundantly in the vicinity of Red river^ Montgomery Co. LEMNACEJi:. Leiuna perpusilla Torr. Shelby pond, Nashville. O.^'S. L. trisulca L. Ponds, West Tenn. Submerged. L. minor L. Ponds O. S. Speirodela polyrrliiza Schleid. O. S. Wolffia Columbiana Karst. Submerged. Pond on Lebanon pike, near Nashville. September. W. Brasiliensis Weddel. Floating. Pond in Lunatic Asy- lum grounds covered with it. September, 1884. TYPHACE^. Typlia aug^ustifolia L. Near Lavergne, Williamson Co. ; Ducktown, East Tenn. Very rare. T. latifolia L. O. S. Sparganium simplex Huds., var. Nuttalli Gray. Along Cum- berland river, Cleveland, East Tenn. Julv. 8. eurycarpum Englm. East Tenn , Tullahoma creek. July. Ecliinodorus radicans- Englm. Swamps on Cumberland river, above water-works at Nashville. Common. July. ALISMACE^. Sa^ittaria variabilis Englm. Ponds and swamps. Common. August-September. Var. an^Ms^//b/fa Englm. Hollow Rock. July-September, tknm:s-«i:k i-i.oiiA. Hli S. hetei'ophylla l^nrsli. W ith the funn. r. .Iuly-S<-pU-ml)cT. S. ^raiiiiuoa Midix. W iili the Innn.r. Au^,aiHt-8t'pleinl)iT. Alisnia Plailta^O \j. Yaw Ainrrlcdna (Ivav. ('<.nnnMii. IIVI)U()(11AIMI)I':.E. VaUis}ieria sj)ir. Slow-llowiiiir streams. Kast Tt'iin. Infrequent. July. Auachai'is Canadensis l^hmchoii. INm.N al.nv.- 'VMt.r-u-.rL;^ Nashville, East Tenii., (). S. Jimc XAIA1)A("K.K. Potaniogeton paiicifloiiis Piusli. \;i>li\ illr, ai>«» Ylast Tenn. Frequent. July. P. (7/a^^o/?// Tuekerni. ^^onntlli^ stieatns of Hu>t Tenn. .Fiilv. P. piisilliis L. Wolf Creek, Kast 'i'enn. July. P. hybridus Mich x . T 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 < > ni a . July. P. natans L. ^\^)lf river, near Mcinplii-. Dr. Kj;clini»'. P. perfoliatus L. \\^)lt' river, \i('inity of Memphis. !>r. Egeling. Zainiichelia pallistris L. In ponds ami sprinixs ai)nut Nasli- ville. April. ()U( IIIDACKJ':. Orchis spectabilis \j. IJiver i)(»tt<>m< Ixlow Xa-hvillc. VtTV rare. April. HabenariaintegraH\)rcui]^\. 'i'lillalmma ; .Mitehfilvilli'. .Inly. H. virescens Sprengel. Swamps. Wrst Tenn. July. H. cristata R. Bi\ Scwanee. Cnmherlaml Mts. July-AuL'n-^t. H. perauiflPnaOray. (Vdar Hill, MitclHllvillc. Unhcri- June. H. ciliaris R. Brown. Edgeliehi .Inn«tion. <). S. .lm>. .Iidv H. blepliaii^lottis Hooker. Tnllahoma. Auiri H. fridentata ]lo(>kvv. Sewancc : ('nml)trlan(l Mt«. Com- mon. July. Goodyent pubesccns \l. !''• M..nMtMin. ..t' V.a-^i T. nn. W ■ a creek, etc. July. 84 TENNESSEE FLORA. Spiranthes simplex Gray. Hills south of Nashville. Frequent. August. S. cernua Rich. Tullahoma. Barrens. Common. October. S. o;raniiiiea Lindl. Tullahoma. Barrens. September. S. gracilis Bigl. Mount Olivet Cemetery. Barrens. Sep- tember. Pogonia v e rt i oil lata l^utt. Sewanee leg. Gen. Kirbv-Smith. ]\Iay. P. ophiaglossoides Nutt. Ducktown. June. P. pendiila Lindley. Mitchellville. Wartrace. September. P. divaricata R. Br. Mountains of East Tenn. June. Calopogon pulchellus R. Br. Tullahoma; Parksville. Fre- *quent. July. Tipidaria discolor Nutt. Ducktown, Polk Co. August. Bletia aphi/lla Ruiz & Pavon. Parksville ; also in the " Flat- %voo(ls/' Bradley Co. Always under pines ! July. Corallorhiza iuuata R. Br. Hills south of Nashville ; Mitch- ellville. September. r. multiflora Nutt. O. S. June. T od()iitoi'liiz;i Nutt. Hills near Nashville. April. 'Cyprlpedluin acaule Ait. East Tenn. May. <7. speetablle Swartz. Ducktown. July. i\ pubesceiis AVilld. Rich woods in the mountains. (Look- out Mt.) May. C. parvifloruni Cones. Hills near Nashville. May. AMARYLLIDACE^. PaucratiiiiTi rotatiiin Ker. Low, wet meadow lands. O. S. -June. Agave Virgiiiiea L. Dry, rocky places. O. S. July-August. Hypoxis erecta L. Frequent in cedar and oak barrens. May. H.EMODORACE.E. Aletris farinosa L. Over the State, especially oak barrens. 3kIay-June. TENNKSSKK KI.ollA. 8S ikidackj:. Iris versicolor I>. S\vam|.>. 'I'lillalinmn. Mitchollvillf, etc. May. /. cuprcn Pursli. Swamps. W.-t 'I', im. .lunc, I. cristata Ait. (). S. May. I. Vil'^illira I>. Tiillahoina. I.ow, wet ground. .Vbiindunt. June-July. I. Gerniaulca J.. Deserted hoiiicM.a.l. r|,ail.)ttc pik Nashville. April. /. hc.raf/oiia Walt. Swamp east side of 'rnniesMM' river at Johnsonville. July. PardautllllS Chiueusis Kerr. Over the Statr. ludi"tMiou.s. July. Sisyriucliiiiin aiiceps L. IJarrens of Mi(iliville. September. S. ^lauca Walter. O. S. Creeping low over fielsa l)<»ii. Na-livill.-, S. wane. mh.I m..iiu- tains of East Tcnii. May. P. macu/ of lla>l r«iiii. ; r/ry woodlantl-. Over the State. July- August. Hemeroeallis fulva L. Kscapid. H. fiava L. Escaped. Muscai'i botryoides Mill. l'>-<'ai.cd from pirdens int.. trnce- rows. roN ri:i)i:uAC'K.i:. Pontederia eonlata L. Swamps. East Tmn. W iid--"«'-«- pond near Mitcliellvillc, Robertson Go. Heteiaiifbeia iTiiifoiiiiis Kni/ A Pav. Swamps and ilitchca. \ O. S. Kasliville: aloii.i: Cinnbcil.ind river. August. 88 TENNESSEE FLORA. H.liniosa Vahl. With the former in Middle and West Tenn. Sehollera graminea Wilhl. East and West Tenn. Apparently rare in Middle Tenn. COMMELYNACE^. ConiinelynaCayeiinensis. Rich wet grounds. Common. Nash- ville, up and down the river. July. r. erecta L. Shaded river banks. Nashville. August-Sep- tember. €. Vir^iiiica L. Copses. O. S. June-July. Var. aug'iistlfolia Michx. Cedar barrens. June-July. Tradescantia Virginica L. O. S. Rich woodlands. May. T. pilosa Lehm. Rich, shady soil. O. S. July-September. XYRIDACE^. Xyris Qaroliniana Walt. Mountain meadows and brooks of East Tenn. July. X. flexuosa Mlihlb. Swamps in Hadley^s bend, near Nash- ville; low ground in the barrens. August-September. JUNCACE^. Liizula campestris DC. O. S. April-May. L. pilosa Willd. Cumberland and Alleghany Mts. May- June. Juiicus efFusus L. Ponds and ditches, vicinity of Nashville. June. J. setaceus Rostkov. Barrens and mountains of East Tenn. June-July. J. tenuis Willd. Roadsides in damp soil. June. Var. secundus Engelm. Oakland Station, Roberston Co. June. V (. . J. dichotoiims Ell. O. S. Frequent around Nashville. June. /. scirpoides L., var. macrostemon Engelm. Cleveland, East Tenn. July. J. bufonius L. East Tenn. May. J. marginatiis Rostk. Mountains of East Tenn. and oak barrens. June. TENNESSKK FI,«)KA. H9 J. acuniinatus Miclix., and v;ui. ti.- ( >. S. .Junc-Jiilv. /. repcns Miclix. Swamps O. 8. June-July. r^pducarpms-i^rr^th^Yi^. — Tiillal iuii u. — >fniT^ J. leptocaulis Torr. t\j (Jray. Fic(|U(Mt in ilif ceilar gl:i'i. - with Isotos J^uttlcri and Lcavcnwortliias. Mav-June. J. bracliycarpus Kn<;(lni. Ponds aloni: ('nnil)irland riv.r. June- July. J. arfictfldfn.^ L. Clevcdand, I-:a>t Tciin. Jnly. ./. Canadensis J. Gay. East Tcnn. Septcnilxr. cypp:racej:. Cyperus flavesceus L. Ponds and ditches. Jnly-Scptembor. C. (liandriis Torr. With the fornicr. Ani^nist-S-pteniher. Var. easteiieus Torr. With the prte(•din^^ l^rpteuiljer. C. aristatus Rottb. (C. injiexus Miihll).). Glades and river Hanks. July. C. St'hiccinitzil Torr. East Tenn. July-Scptcinher. C. Luzuhe Rottb., var. innljcl/ulatus X. L. Hritton t ('. v.n.luM Pursh.). Damp argillaceous soils. Jnly. C. virensM'xchx. West Tenn. Rare. August. V. acuniinatus Torr. t^- Hooker. (Vdar i:ladt ». Lav.-rLMie. Jnly. C. rotundus L. Low hville: Ilortieultural garden. Not frequent. July. (\ esculentus L. ((7. pJujuiatodts Midd.). Intrusive weed. July-Septend)er. Var. an^ustispicatus X. T^. Hritton. Swamps aloni: Cum- berland river. Jnly-Septend)ei\ C. stri^osus \j. (C. M'lchau.vianiis Sdinlt.). Cnmmon in low, daujp situs X. L. IJi ilt(.n. With the above. Var. eiou^^atus X. L. lirittcm (('. Mir/uniA'tanuM^ var. c/on- f/atus Torr.). J>anks and islands in C'und»erland river. Var. py^nia'us n. var. Ordy .*J-4 iuelies hi^ili, resembling C. Schweinifzii. M<-Sj)ad(h'n^ bend, near Xashville. 90 TENNESSEE FLORA. (\ refractus Engelman. Nashville, July-September. Hol- low Rock, West Tenn., August-September. C. erythrorhizos Miihl. River swamps; 1-4 feet high. August -September. (\ speeiosus Vahl. ((7. Michauxianus Torr.). Sandy banks and river swamps. Nashville. September. ('. oviilaris Torr., var. robiistus, Baekl. Moist spots in the cedar ii^lades. Var. splijericus Baekl. With the above. C. filicilliiiis Vohl. Dry uplands. June- July. C. Laiieastrieusis Port. Dry, rocky and waste grounds, vicin- ity of Nashville. July. Killiii^ia puinila Michx. Miry places. June-September. Dulicliiuin spathaceuni Pers. Deep river swamps. June-Sep- tember. Heuiieai'plia subsquarrosa Nees. Davidson Co. Elaeocharis obtasa Schult. Bogs and wet ground. May- July. E. Engelmayini Steudel. Damp places in the barrens. June- July. E. palustris R. Br. Common. June-September. E. tenuis Schultes. Barrens and highlands. July. E. acicularis R. Br. Low, wet places. July-October. E. quadrangularis R. Br. River swamps. July-September. E. intermedia Schult. Frequent. July-August. E. eonipressa Sullivant. Springy places in calcareous soil. May-June. Bhynchospora cornieulata Gray. Swamps. August-September. B. cymosa Nutt. With the above. August-September. R.fusca Roem. & Schult. Mountain bogs. Cumberland Mts. July. B. glomerata Yohl. Bon Air, Tullahoma ; Lookout Mt. August. B, alba Yohl. Mountain bogs, Cumberland and Alleghany Mts. July. Scleria triglomerata Vohl. Lookout Mt. ; Tullahoma. July. TENNESSEE FI.OI5A. ••! S. paiicifloia MiiliU). Lavtrp^ne. May-.Iiinc. Scirpus vdlldiis Ynh]. CMcvclaiid, (apt. Kalit's place. July. S. dchilh Piir>h. Swamps Wc-t Tomi. Aiij^iist-Scptembcr. S. atrovireus Miihll). FninKiit. .luly-Aujrust. S. jiuviatUiH Gray. DiR-ktown, East Tenn. S. polyphll/iis Vohl. Dickson Station. N'cry coiinnon in the mountains. June-July. S. liueatus Michx. liurckr.soi. springs in tiic glades. June- July. S ccespitosus L. l^oane Mt., East Tenn. ('hickering. Eriophorum Virgink-um L. Cuinhcrland Mts. July. E. poly stachy urn h. Ducktown, East Tcnn. July. FimbristyUs capillaris Gray. Sandy places in the mountains. June-July. F. autuinnalis Koeni. c^- Sdmlt. Hotrs and ditches. >«pi«ni- ber. F. laxa Vohl. Cedar glades, Lavorgne. July-Augu.st. Dichromena latifolia Baldw. Oak barren.-, Middle Tenn.; Tullahoma. Not frequent. August. Carex polytrichoides Miililb. Dry hills ntar Nashville. June. C. Steudelii Kunth. Highlands. C. tereduscnla Goodw. Mountains of East Tenn. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Dry copses, Charlotte pike. Na-sh- ville. June. CcephalophoraMiihlb. Nashville, Kingston Spring-. May. C. cephaloidea l><»()t. Around Nashville, Paradise ridgc. June. G. rosea Schk. East 'JVnn. July. C. Jliihleiibergii Schk. Nashville. June-July. C. retroflexa Miihlb. Nashville. June. C.irvqyetina Dew. High ni..untains «.f I']a.st Tenn.. Frog Mt., Big Thunderhead ; GOOO'. July. C. straniinea Schk. Nashville, Charloiir piki. Ma\. G. crinita Lam. Cumberland Mts., Whiteside. July. 92 TENNESSEE FLORA. ('. Shortiaiia Dew. Tunntll Hill, Sumner Co., East Teiin, June. (\ Cravvei Dew. Dry barrens of Middle Tenn., Lavergne Station. June-July. C. ^raiiularis Miihlb. Moist meadows, highlands, and in East Tenn. June-July. ('. grisea Wahlb. Low grounds adjoining Cumberland river near Nashville. June. C. flaceosperina Dew. Moist thickets, vicinity of Nashville;. on the ridre. June. C. Davisii Swaegr. Jones' Bend, near Edgefield Junction^ edge of a swamp. June. (■. gracillima Swaegr. Jones' Bend, border of swamps. June, C. cestivalis M. A. Curtis. Roane Mt. Prof. Chickering, Clingman-Dom. 6000'. July. C. virescens Miihlb. Cumberland Mts., valley of East Tenn. June. C. triceps Michx. Dry glades of Middle Tenn., Lavergne, June. (7. plantaginea Lam. Mountains near Ducktown, East Tenn, July. C. laxiflora Lam. Low, wet woodlands and copses around Nashville; highlands of Robertson Co. June. C. dig'italis Wiild. /--Low grounds throughout the State. July. C. oligocarpa Schk. Swampy places on the ridge, Sumner Co. ; Jones' bend. East Tenn. June. ^ C. Eiiiinonsii Dew. Dry hills near Nashville, in siliceous soil. June-July. C. iii^ro-marginata Sohwarz. Dry copses, vicinity of Nash- ville. May-June. G. iniliacea Muhlb. Ducktown, East Tenn. ; perhaps through- out. June. C.juncea Willd. Roane Mt. Prof. Chickering. August. €. debilis Michx. Border of swamps near Mitchellville, Sumner Co. June-July. C. tentaculata Muhlb. Throughout the State. South Tun- nel, Edgefield; Shelby pond. June. TENNESSEE FLORA. ('. intumescens liudjre. S\v:nnj.> alon^r ('uml)crlaiMl riv.r; Shelby pond. June C. Gr((}/I i\uvy. Swamps (>r \\r>t TcMin. (Unmbnln. .I,,Iv. C. llipnlina Miihlb. Swamps ahmu: Cnmlu-rland and ..n l,i,/l,. lands; Shelby pond. Mav-dnnc. C. sf(Ml()lepis Ton*. liiv. r sw:imp- llirun^diont ih«- Siah-. June-Jnly. C. sqiiarrosil L. With the foniHr. dnnc-didv. C. bullata S('ld<. Ilivcr swamps: doncs' b«-nd. dnnc-.Iulv. GRAMINE.K Paspaluni lluitans Knnth. Sh)w stnam-. didy-S<'pteiiilxT. P. disti(dium Linn. Low iiiound- ; marnnifi- losum Le Conte.) Yar. aii^listifoliuin. In wet lands. ( /*. (nKjuMijolium Xa- Conte.) Yar. jiilc^iDii Yasey. Sheets covered with long, soft hairj*. Barrens. Var, rddicaDs Yasey. Decumbent, branching at tlie lower nodes; culms erect, 2J-3 feet hiirh ; leaves ]»nrjdish. Swamjw at Hollow Ivock. September. P. (lilatatlllli Poir. Open «:round-and grass \Aois. Aiigiij*l- Oetober. Pailicuill agl'ostoides SprenL^ Imnnlated on wet land. \'nri- able. Au<^ust-Xoveml)ei-. P. ancej>s L. Damp soils. Cedar ^dadcs, etc. l^vergne. Autrust— ( )etol)er. p. cainilai'c L. KxceedinLdy abundant. Preferring dry uplands and barrens. I distinguish tbnr distinct varieties. 94 TENNESSEE FLORA. Var. campestre. Root leaves forming flat tufts; appressed to the soil, forming tufts. This is the most common form. Var. a^reste. Stout and very hairy; panicle very large and widely divaricated ; forming no tufts. Common. In loose ground, fields and gardens. '"^ Var. flexile Gattinger. Thin, elastic and upright, with smaller panicle and acute flowers. Closely resembles P. autum- nale Bosc. Characteristic of the cedar glades. July-September. Var. iiiinimiini Engelman. Dwarf, resembling P. depau- peratum. Poor, loamy and siliceous soil of the highlands. July- August. P. claiidestiniim L. Along the banks of Cumberland river, in the canebrakes; also in East Tenn., in rich bottom lands. July-September. Var. peduncnlatnm Torr. , With the former. P. colouum L. Ponds and ditches around Nashville, Lavergne, etc. September-October. P. commutatum Schultz. (P. nervosum Miihlb.) Woods, rich and loose soil, over the State. May-August. P. cms-galli L. Ponds and ditches everywhere. July-Sep- tember. Var. liispidum Miihlb. Var. miiticum Vasey. With the former. P. depauperatuin Miihlb. Dry copses and woodlands. High- lands. May-June. P. dichotomuiii L. Over the State, in many varieties. Var. iiitidimi Lam. In the cedar glades. Var. pubescens. Woods, etc. Var. bai'bulatuiii Gray. Highlands, in siliceous soil. Var. sphjei'oearpon Gray. Earliest in the glades. April- May. P. flliforme L. Argillaceous and siliceous soils. August- September. *Panicum capillare L., var. fl^-xile Gattinger, is either one of the forms of P. capillare, or an annual variety of P autumnale Bascoe, which it resembles greatly, e.-pecially in smoothness and form of spikelets. It is very smooth above, with some hairs on ihe lower part of culm and leaves; culm very slender, panicle rather small, and branches not spreading until the mature spikelets are ready to drop oti"; leaves linear, gradually atten- uate, of a pale green color. It abounds in the cedar glades, and is rarely seen outside of them. TF.NNESSKK KI.olCA. 95 P. ^labrmn ( Jandin.. var. .l//.v.v/.s.s/y;y;/V;jxr (iattin;jrr. ( 'oiifniCil to stronti^ ar^iila(,M'()u> soils, and imiiicdiati'ly «li>ap|M'arinj( where calcareous soils corniucncc. X'iciniiv of" \:i»li\ill.- . ir. S.p- tembcr-Octobcr. P. latiroliiim L. rirKkri>, vA^^r ot woo.liauii-. a«|.|Mariiij5 early. .May-.liinc P. laxidoruill I.am. l)aiii|), ridi woodland- : liiirhliind**. July-August. P. mici'OCai'pon Midilb. (I\ mu/fijformn Kli.). iu. 11 .iiiil moist localities. Not fVcf|uent. Ococ vallry, Kast 'IVim. ; Oa^^v Hope, Cheatham Co. July-Aii<:ust. Not to be ini>iak<'n for P. dichotouiaeruui, vai-. inicroearpttu, whieli apprar«< rarlv in April-May. P. prolifei'uni Lam. Wet lauds. Wvv common. Au^u>t- October. Var. ^eiiiculafmn Kll. With the ('(u-mcr. P. sailiJJIlinalc I>. Corulidds auides ev«ry w luTf. September. P. scopai'iuDi Muhlb. {P. paucijionun Kll.). CVtlar barreim near Lavergue. August-September. P. vei'liicosuill Miihlb. Swampy lauds alouL^ rmnb* rlaml river, Jones' Beud, Mitehellville. September. P. vil'^'atinil \j. Moist, saudy soil along Cuud)«rlautl rivtr; highlands and barrens at Tullahoma. duly-August. Setaria ^iaufa i^eauv. Common. I'ield.-^ ami wa,Htc place.**. August-Septtinber. Var. laevigata Chapm. (ilat- Septeniber. (Eragrosti.s limwnei Nees is iii(li.stinj;iiislial>K» iVom pofeoides, and occurs in the cedar <;l:idcs. \'rrv comiimn.) Var. iiie^astacliya. Cultivated ^rmnnd. With the rormer. E. Frankii Meyer. Exceediuti^ly cnpinus in dr\- Iaiid-< and glades of Middle Tenn. July-August. E. pedinacea, var. rcfracta Chaj)iu. Cohiuhmi in th«- hville. In dry and wet soil. Ex(!eedingly frecjuent. August-Septeinlxr. E. tenuis Gray. Harpeth Hills and l)i^d»land>. .Iidy-Augiist. E. oxi/lepi.s Torr. A^icinity of Mcniphi-. l)r. G. Egeliiig. Andi'opo^oii clandestinus Ilalc {AiKlrujt. I'!l/ii>ffli Chap.). Barrens at Tullalionia. October. A. dissitifloi'llS Michx. (.1. Mrf/iiilru.s I..). Common. S-p- tember-October. Var. va^iuatus Chaj). With the former. A. iiiacroiirus Michx. Sandy old fields. Over the State. September-October. A. proviucialis Lam. Edge ol' road- and fence ro\v>. Com- mon. August-October. A. SCOparills Alichx. Old fields. Se[)lend>er-Oetober. Var. luulliramea Hack. Jianks of Cnmberlanenth. Op.n barren-. Over the State. July-Septendjcr. Phalaris (anariensis Ji. Near dwelling-. In" .In..] \: gust-September. Ph. aruudiuacea L. The garden variety, Ph. arundiuacva picta, sometimes f )und escaped. Authoxanthiini odoiatmii E. In meadow.s, in Rn>t Teiin. Naturalized. July. 7 98 TENNESSEE FLORA. xllopeciinis prateusis L. Rare. Sometimes introduced. Flow- ers early. May. A. geniculatus, var. aristulatiis Michx. Ponds and ditches. May. Aristida dichotoma L. Common in poor soils. September- October. A. gracilis Elliott. With the former, in argillaceous soils. September-October. A. ramosissima Engelm. Humboldt, West Tenn. September. A. purpurascens Poir. Paradise Ridge, Robertson Co. August-September. Stipa avenacea L. Valley of East Tenn.; Lookout Mt. June. Miihleuberg'ia capillaris Kunth. Cedar glades, Lavergne. September-October. M. diffusa Schreber. Grass plots, pastures, everywhere. Sep- tember-October. M. Mexicana Trin. Thickets along river banks, etc. Common throughout. September. Miililenbergia sobolifera Trin. Rocky woodlands. Harpeth hills, etc. September-October. M. sylvatica Torr. & Gray. Damp woodlands ; river bottoms. September-October. M.Willdenovii Trin. With the former, and ascending 6000' in the Frog and Smoky Mts. July-September. Brachyelytruiii aristatum Beau v. Dry woodlands, in places. August-September. Plileum pratense L. Naturalized and frequently cultivated. July. Sporobolus Indicus R. Brown. Sandy soil in the Cumberland Mts. and in the oak barrens. July-September. S. vagiiifeflorus Torr. Dry pastures, Middle Tenn. Var. exsertus. Cedar glades. September-October. Agrostis aracliiioides Ell. Argillaceous soil, in the glades and highlands. Kingston Springs ; Lavergne. May-June. A. canina, var. rupestris Chapm. High mountains of East Tenn. ; Roane Mt. Prof. Chickering. July. ikn.\i>si;k ki.oi:a. 99 A. pereiniails luck. < )|hii woodlands. Ov.rtlH'Stntr. .f.ilv October. A. scabra W'illd. Sandy soils, Imto nmi ihcn-. Jinu-Julv. A. vul^^ai'is Willi. Largely cnltivatcd and indij^cnoim. July. Var. alba Iv. I )iy woodlands. ( )vt'r the State*. Julv- September. Ciniia ai'Undinacca I.. Low unrounds and bolloni.-. N'ariablf. A slender form approaching ( '. j)endula occurs on raradiso liidgo. A ugust-September. Deyeu.via Nuttalliana Vascy. Hill- and iii..mii:iiiis ,a T'...! Tenn. July-S(.'j)teinl)er. Deschamjjsidjic.ni 0.^(1 J5eanv. ^Monntainsol* I'^nt 'iVnn. .Julv- September. Holcus kniatiis L. Extensively natnrali/.cd and sproa\ . riiaii;.;in;^' wet rocks on Ocoe river. July. Avena sativa L. Extensively cultivated, sometimes esca|KHl. June. Arrheuatliei'uni aveuaceuiii Beau v. Clifton ])iko, beyond Jubilee Hall, Xashville. June. Melica lUlltica Walt. Over the State, >hady hill-sides and ravines. Aj)ril-May. Diarrhena iVnierioaua Beauv. Rich soil amongst rocks, hort» and there. SeptenilK'r-( )('tol)er. Ulliola latifolia Michx. Cliils on C'und)crland rivir and Mill creek. Generally over the State in like localities. June-July. U. gracilis Michx. Damp soil in the oak barren-. .IuIn - August. Daetylis glomerata L. (Jencrally cultivat.d and dis|KTS4d Irom cultivation. Don't seem to be incliiud to become thoroughly naturalized like llolcus lanatus. Poa ailiuia L. Oommon in all waste grounds anry meadow land-. \ iirali/cd ai.d spreading. J une-July. P. flexuosa Muhlb. Damp ground, edge of ponds, c.«|MMMally in the hiii. Summit of I^.okmit Mt., K:ist Tenn. ■A. j}inna(iji(li(ui Niiu. CmiibfrlaiKl plateau, Luukdiit .Ml. A. TrirhoiiidiKs L, Siliceous rn<-)wam|)s. Comrn..!, Var. obtimlobata Torr. Williamson Co. Cystopteris fra^ilis lieridi. l-'rom the mountain- to iIm .Mi- sissi))pi. ('. biilbifei'a Bernh. Clills on Kichlaud ereek, near Nasliville. Cumberland Mts. Woodsia obtlisa Torr. Throughout. Dicksonid jtuncfiio/nda Kun/.e. High mountains of East Tenn. 7Vichoniancs iuuUc'fis Swar/.. Underneath wet. shelving rocks. Sewanee. 104 TENNESSEE FLOKA. Lygodium palmatnm Swarz. Cumberland Mts. Very local. Rockland fetation. Osnmuda regalis L. Swamps, highlands, barrens and moun- tains. 0. Claytoniana L. Cumberland and Alleghany Mts. 0. ciiinamomea L. Swamps, throughout the State. OPHIOGLOSSIACE^. Botrychiniii ternatum Swarz. Over the State. B. Vir^inieiim Swarz. Over the State. Ophio^lossiim vulgatum L. Cedar glades, at Lavergne. , LYCOPODIACE^. Lycopodium Selago L. Roane Mt. Prof. Chickering. L. dendroideum Michx. Wolf creek, Cocke Co.; near Cran- berry mines, Johnson Co. L. complanatum L. Cumberland Mts., Sewanee. Selaginella rupestris Sprengel. Dry rocks, along Ocoe river, East Tenn. S. apiis Sprengel. Common, throughout. ''^Iscetes Butleri, var. immacidata Engelm. Cedar glades near Lavergne. In moist places. HYDROPTERIDES. Azolla Caroliniana Willd. Swamps near Johnson ville, West Tenn. ^ Isotes Butleri Engehn., var. immaculata Engelm. Dioiceous, with a subglobose trunk, bright green, rather firm leaf, sometimes as many as sixty, six to nine inches long; sporangium without spots; macrospores 0'4(»-0-5G mm. in diameter ; microspores 0029-0031 mm. long, spinulose. On Hmestone flats ; in damp places in the cedar barrens. One mile south- east from the railroad station. June. TENNESSEE FLORA, lor, SLMMAUV. Ranunculacea^.. Calyoantliaoefe.. Magiioliace.i? .... Anonaceii' Menisj)ermc!i>... . Berberidea? Nympha'aceai.... Papaveraceio ... Fiimariacea' Criirifera; Cap[)aridacea^.... Cistacere Violacea? Polygalacea^ Caryophyllacea^. Paronychieea^ ... Portiilaccacea' .. llypericaceai .... Ternstr(omiacea' Malvaceae Tiliaceoe Linacea^ Geraniacea^ Rutacea? Simarubefe Meliacea' , Ilicinea^ Celastrinea' Rhamnacea* Vitacea^ Sapinclacea' Anacardiacea'.... Leguminosa' Rosaceje Saxifragaresr Crassuhu'ca' Hainanieliacca^ .. Haloragca^ Melastomacea'.... Lythracca^ Onagracea' 16 1 2 1 3 4 5 4 3 IG 2 ') 2 1 7 2 3 3 1 7 1 1 o 2 2 3 2 5 1 35 14 12 3 2 ♦> \ 6 () 40 •) 5 1 3 4 5 5 ♦ » 34 o <; 12 8 21 3 5 22 1 10 o 2 I 4 8 1 ') o 3 4 9 II 85 ' 53 i 11) I 2 I 3 43 2 5 1 3 4 5 5 6 () 1(3 9 21 3 5 24 1 10 2 4 8 2 I 2 6 3 4 1» 12 (> 20 7 o ^ 1 1 4i 3 tf s 6 10 13 16 8 ... .7 1 1 ... ... 1 2 1 3 3 S 5 2 30 1 9 5 72 47 7 3 106 TENNESSEE FLORA. SUMMARY— Contiuued. Passiflorese Cucurbitaceae — Cactacea? Ficoidea^ • Umbelliferte ■ Araliaceaj Cornace?e Caprifoliaceai.... Rubiacese Valerianeae Dipsacese Compositse Lobeliaceee Campanulacea^ .. Ericaceae Primulaceaj Sapotaceae Ebenaceae Styraceje Oleacese Apocynese Asclepiadcce Loganiacese Gentianeae Polemoniacere.... Hydrophyllacese Boraginese Convolvulaceae... Solaneae Scrophulariaceae Orobanchace^.... Lentibulariacese Bignoniacea? Pedaliaceai Acanthaceae , Verbenaceae Labiatae Plantagineto Amarantacea^ Chenopodiacea' .. Phytolaccaceae.. Polygonece Podostemaceai... Aristolochiacea. Nyctagineae , Saururea^ > o o O 1 "S •a > i 11 1 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 29 29 1 5 5 2 8 8 6 12 12 7 20 2 22 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 64 202 17 219 1 8 ... 8 2 4 4 16 32 33 5 9 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... 1 3 7 8 3 4 4 5 16 17 3 3 3 5 10 10 3 8 9 4 9 10 8 15 ... 15 4 17 ... 17 6 13 ... 13 20 36 2 38 3 3 3 1 2 ... 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 5 5 4 10 ... 10 26 59 5 64 1 8 ... 8 3 6 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 1 1 4 23 ... 23 1 1 ... 1 2 6 6 1 2 9 1 1 1 17 1 12 2 5 5 2 3 1 1 24 3 6 6 16 3 1 L73 7 2 9 1 1 1 8 4 14 1 12 14 12 30 3 3 1 4 7 54 6 1 21 3 1 1 TENNESSflE FLoKA. 107 SUMMARY— ContituKMl. Okdkrs. Lauracea* Thymeleaceic... Santalacea- Loranthaceu' .... Euphorbiaceie... Urticacea' Platanacete Juglandacea' Cupulifera' Betulacetf Salicinea' Callitrichine;e... Ceratophyllacea' Aracea' Lemnacea' Typhacea' Naiadea? Alismacew Ilydrocharidea^. Orc'hidacea- Amaryllidacetfi. Hu'Diadoracea'.. Iridacea- Dioscoreie Smilaceai Liliaceii' Jiincacea' Pontederiacea'.. . Commelynacea^ . Xyridacea- Cyperacea^ Graminea' Conifera- Kquisetacea' Filices Ophisglossiacea'. Lycopodiacea-... Hydropterides... 2 1 3 1 9 13 1 2 6 2 2 1 1 4 3 3 2 2 2 11 3 1 3 1 1 29 2 3 2 1 12 53 5 1 18 2 3 1 5 T 2 1 3 1 24 18 1 9 25 6 14 2 1 6 6 5 7 4 2 28 3 1 9 1 7 45 16 4 5 2 85 134 10 2 39 3 6 1 s § • > ft. 5 i S 1 1 0. > II r 2 1 1 is 1 1 1 1 1 3 ... 3 1 ... 1 25 1 ... ... 1 19 3 ... 10 1 ... ... 1 9 ... ... 9 ... 25 3 22 ... 6 1 5 ... 14 5 7 7 ... 2 1 ... ... ... "... 6 ... ... ... ... 6 ... ... ... 5 ... ... / ... 1 5 2 28 3 1 9 1 7 **i ... ... 2 47 6 ... T 17 4 1 G ... ... 6 91 ... 23 157 10 2 19 ... 10 3 42 3 6 1 ::; ... I 1 21 16 1 8 21 2 9 2 4 4 4 3 4 1 15 3 1 A 1 30 10 3 6 I M 133 2 24 3 2 N. Library 108 TENNESSEE FLORA. DIVISIONS. > , o Groups. ^ 5 3J i 1 "S p ^ ■A ip a^m ^ § O m > CO '■' "^ ^ ^ Polvpetal?e 48 224 499 27 526 57 60 57 380- Gamopetalfe 31 ^9" 213 'T37 522 1,021' 34 '"6l"1 556 53^ -rio'"' 23 16 416 Dichlamideaj 73 796 Monochlamideae 21 58 154 4 158, 26 15 58 I 123! Dicotvledones 100 495 1,175 "65 ri7240~ T35^" -~98"" -\mr 919! Monocotylea 19 138 370 34 404 26 ... ... 301-; Gvmnospermfe 1 10 ... 10 162 ' 98^ 10 ~iir" 'A Phjenogamia 120 638 1,555 99 1,654 1,222 Vascular Cryptog... 5 25 663 51 1,606 3 102 54 1,708 162 98 141 29 Total 125 1,251 The total of species and varieties, presently known : For the State 1,708 Nashville Flora 1,251 The actual number of species and varieties for the State comes perhaps near 2,000. TKNNKSSKK n.()i:A. 109 CORRIGENDA The remoteness of the author from the printer has been u ureal incunvrai- €nce in revising and correcting proof sheets. For minor iuadverte^cie^ we a»k the indulgence of the reader, and correct only the more oflensive or miolea